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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature, by 
+Charles W. Bardsley
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature
+
+Author: Charles W. Bardsley
+
+Release Date: March 28, 2012 [EBook #39284]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOSITIES OF PURITAN NOMENCLATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES OF PURITAN NOMENCLATURE
+
+
+
+
+BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 7s. 6d._
+
+OUR ENGLISH SURNAMES: their Sources and Significations.
+
+"Mr. Bardsley has faithfully consulted the original mediæval documents and
+works from which the origin and development of surnames can alone be
+satisfactorily traced. He has furnished a valuable contribution to the
+literature of surnames, and we hope to hear more of him in this
+field."--_Times._
+
+_CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY, W._
+
+
+
+
+  CURIOSITIES OF
+  PURITAN NOMENCLATURE
+
+
+  BY CHARLES W. BARDSLEY
+
+  AUTHOR OF "ENGLISH SURNAMES, THEIR SOURCES AND SIGNIFICATIONS"
+
+
+                              "O my lord,
+    The times and titles now are alter'd strangely"
+                                        KING HENRY VIII.
+
+
+  London
+  CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY
+  1880
+
+  [_The right of translation is reserved_]
+
+
+
+
+_Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles._
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATED TO HIS FELLOW MEMBERS OF THE HARLEIAN SOCIETY.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+I will not be so ill-natured as to quote the names of all the writers who
+have denied the existence of Puritan eccentricities at the font. One, at
+least, ought to have known better, for he has edited more books of the
+Puritan epoch than any other man in England. The mistake of all is that,
+misled perhaps by Walter Scott and Macaulay, they have looked solely to
+the Commonwealth period. The custom was then in its decay.
+
+I have to thank several clergymen for giving me extracts from the
+registers and records under their care. A stranger to them, I felt some
+diffidence in making my requests. In every case the assistance I asked for
+was readily extended. These gentlemen are the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, St.
+Matthew, Friday Street, London; the Rev. W. Wodehouse, Elham, Canterbury;
+the Rev. J. B. Waytes, Markington, Yorks.; the Rev. William Tebbs,
+Caterham Valley; the Rev. Canon Howell, Drayton, Norwich; the Rev. J. O.
+Lord, Northiam, Staplehurst; and the Rev. G. E. Haviland, Warbleton,
+Sussex. The last-named gentleman copied no less than 120 names, all of
+Puritan origin, from the Warbleton records. I beg to thank him most
+warmly, and to congratulate him on possessing the most remarkable register
+of its kind in England. Certain circumstances led me to suspect that
+Warbleton was a kind of head-quarters of these eccentricities; I wrote to
+the rector, and we soon found that we had "struck ile." That Mr. Heley,
+the Puritan incumbent, should have baptized his own children by such names
+as Fear-not and Much-mercy, was not strange, but that he should have
+persuaded the majority of his parishioners to follow his example proves
+wonderful personal influence.
+
+Amongst the laity, I owe gratitude to Mr. Chaloner Smith, Richmond,
+Surrey; Mr. R. R. Lloyd, St. Albans; Mr. J. E. Bailey, F.S.A., Manchester;
+Mr. J. L. Beardsley, Cleveland, U.S.A.; Mr. Tarbutts, Cranbrook, Kent; and
+Mr. Speed, Ulverston.
+
+Of publications, I must needs mention _Notes and Queries_, a
+treasure-house to all antiquaries; the Sussex Archæological Society's
+works, and the _Yorkshire Archæological and Topographical Journal_. The
+"Wappentagium de Strafford" of the latter is the best document yet
+published for students of nomenclature. Out of it alone a complete history
+of English surnames and baptismal names might be written. Though inscribed
+with clerkly formality, it contained more _pet forms_ than any other
+record I have yet seen; and this alone must stamp it as a most important
+document. The Harleian Society, by publishing church registers, have set a
+good example, and I have made much use of those that have been issued.
+They contain few instances of Puritan extravagance, but that is owing to
+the fact that no leading Puritan was minister of any of the three churches
+whose records they have so far printed. I sincerely hope the list of
+subscribers to this society may become enlarged.
+
+For the rest--the result of twelve years' research--I am alone
+responsible. Heavy clerical responsibilities have often been lightened by
+a holiday spent among the yellow parchments of churches in town and
+country, from north to south of England. As it is possible I have seen as
+many registers as any other man in the country, I will add one
+statement--a very serious one: there are thousands of entries, at this
+moment faintly legible, which in another generation will be wholly
+illegible. What is to be done?
+
+Should this little work meet the eye of any of the clergy in Sussex, Kent,
+and, I may add, Surrey, I would like to state that if they will search the
+baptismal records of the churches under their charge, say from 1580 to
+1620, and furnish me with the result, I shall be very much obliged.
+
+  VICARAGE, ULVERSTON,
+    _March, 1880_.
+
+
+
+
+NOTE.
+
+W. D. S. in the Prologue = "Wappentagium de Strafford."
+
+C. S. P. = "Calendar of State Papers."
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+  PROLOGUE.
+
+  THE PET-NAME EPOCH IN ENGLAND.
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+      I. THE PAUCITY OF NAMES AFTER THE CONQUEST                     1
+
+     II. PET FORMS                                                   9
+         (_a._) Kin                                                  9
+         (_b._) Cock                                                13
+         (_c._) On or In                                            17
+         (_d._) Ot or Et                                            21
+         (_e._) Double Terminatives.                                30
+
+    III. SCRIPTURE NAMES ALREADY IN USE AT THE REFORMATION          34
+         (_a._) Mystery Names                                       34
+         (_b._) Crusade Names                                       35
+         (_c._) The Saints' Calendar                                36
+         (_d._) Festival Names                                      36
+
+
+    CHAPTER I.
+
+    THE HEBREW INVASION.
+
+      I. THE MARCH OF THE ARMY                                      38
+
+     II. POPULARITY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT                            59
+
+    III. OBJECTIONABLE SCRIPTURE NAMES                              70
+
+     IV. LOSSES                                                     76
+         (_a._) The Destruction of Pet Forms                        76
+         (_b._) The Decrease of Nick Forms                          82
+         (_c._) The Decay of Saint and Festival Names               92
+         (_d._) The Last of some Old Favourites                     99
+
+      V. THE GENERAL CONFUSION                                     109
+
+
+    CHAPTER II.
+
+    PURITAN ECCENTRICITIES.
+
+      I. INTRODUCTORY                                              117
+
+     II. ORIGINATED BY THE PRESBYTERIAN CLERGY                     121
+
+    III. CURIOUS NAMES NOT PURITAN                                 128
+
+     IV. INSTANCES                                                 134
+         (_a._) Latin Names                                        134
+         (_b._) Grace Names                                        138
+         (_c._) Exhortatory Names                                  155
+         (_d._) Accidents of Birth                                 166
+         (_e._) General                                            176
+
+      V. A SCOFFING WORLD                                          179
+         (_a._) The Playwrights                                    182
+         (_b._) The Sussex Jury                                    191
+         (_c._) Royalists with Puritan Names                       194
+
+     VI. BUNYAN'S DEBT TO THE PURITANS                             198
+
+    VII. THE INFLUENCE OF PURITANISM ON AMERICAN NOMENCLATURE      201
+
+
+    EPILOGUE.
+
+    DOUBLE CHRISTIAN NAMES: THEIR RISE AND PROGRESS.
+
+      I. ROYAL DOUBLE NAMES                                        213
+
+     II. CONJOINED NAMES                                           222
+
+    III. HYPHENED NAMES                                            224
+
+     IV. THE DECAY OF SINGLE PATRONYMICS IN BAPTISM                228
+
+      V. THE INFLUENCE OF FOUNDLING NAMES UPON DOUBLE BAPTISMAL
+         NAMES                                                     233
+
+
+    INDEX                                                          239
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES OF PURITAN NOMENCLATURE.
+
+
+
+
+PROLOGUE.
+
+THE PET-NAME EPOCH IN ENGLAND.
+
+    "One grows too fat, another too lean: modest Matilda, pretty pleasing
+    Peg, sweet-singing Susan, mincing merry Moll, dainty dancing Doll,
+    neat Nancy, jolly Joan, nimble Nell, kissing Kate, bouncing Bess with
+    black eyes, fair Phillis with fine white hands, fiddling Frank, tall
+    Tib, slender Sib, will quickly lose their grace, grow fulsome, stale,
+    sad, heavy, dull, sour, and all at last out of fashion."--_Anatomy of
+    Melancholy._
+
+    "Be the jacks fair within, the jills fair without, the carpets laid,
+    and everything in order?"--_The Taming of the Shrew._
+
+
+I. THE PAUCITY OF NAMES AFTER THE CONQUEST.
+
+There were no Scripture names in England when the Conqueror took
+possession; even in Normandy they had appeared but a generation or two
+before William came over. If any are found in the old English period, we
+may feel assured they were ecclesiastic titles, adopted at ordination.
+Greek and Latin saints were equally unnoticed.
+
+It is hard to believe the statement I have made. Before many generations
+had passed, Bartholomew, Simon, Peter, Philip, Thomas, Nicholas, John, and
+Elias, had engrossed a third of the male population; yet Domesday Book has
+no Philip, no Thomas, only one Nicholas, and but a sprinkling of Johns. It
+was not long before Jack and Jill took the place of Godric and Godgivu as
+representative of the English sexes, yet Jack was from the Bible, and Jill
+from the saintly Calendar.
+
+Without entering into a deep discussion, we may say that the great mass of
+the old English names had gone down before the year 1200 had been reached.
+Those that survived only held on for bare existence. From the moment of
+William's advent, the names of the Norman began to prevail. He brought in
+Bible names, Saint names, and his own Teutonic names. The old English
+names bowed to them, and disappeared.
+
+A curious result followed. From the year 1150 to 1550, four hundred years
+in round numbers, there was a very much smaller dictionary of English
+personal names than there had been for four hundred years before, and than
+there has been in the four hundred years since. The Norman list was
+really a small one, and yet it took possession of the whole of England.
+
+A consequence of this was the Pet-name Epoch. In every community of one
+hundred Englishmen about the year 1300, there would be an average of
+twenty Johns and fifteen Williams; then would follow Thomas, Bartholomew,
+Nicholas, Philip, Simon, Peter, and Isaac from the Scriptures, and
+Richard, Robert, Walter, Henry, Guy, Roger, and Baldwin from the Teutonic
+list. Of female names, Matilda, Isabella, and Emma were first favourites,
+and Cecilia, Catharine, Margaret, and Gillian came closely upon their
+heels. Behind these, again, followed a fairly familiar number of names of
+either sex, some from the Teuton, some from the Hebrew, some from the
+Greek and Latin Church, but, when all told, not a large category.
+
+It was, of course, impossible for Englishmen and Englishwomen to maintain
+their individuality on these terms. Various methods to secure a
+personality arose. The surname was adopted, and there were John Atte-wood,
+John the Wheelwright, John the Bigg, and John Richard's son, in every
+community. Among the middle and lower classes these did not become
+_hereditary_ till so late as 1450 or 1500.[1] This was not enough, for in
+common parlance it was not likely the full name would be used. Besides,
+there might be two, or even three, Johns in the same family. So late as
+March, 1545, the will of John Parnell de Gyrton runs:
+
+    "Alice, my wife, and Old John, my son, to occupy my farm together,
+    till Olde John marries; Young John, my son, shall have Brenlay's land,
+    plowed and sowed at Old John's cost."
+
+The register of Raby, Leicestershire, has this entry:
+
+    "1559. Item: 29th day of August was John, and John Picke, the children
+    of Xtopher and Anne, baptized.
+
+    "Item: the 31st of August the same John and John were buried."
+
+Mr. Burns, who quotes these instances in his "History of Parish
+Registers," adds that at this same time "one John Barker had three sons
+named John Barker, and two daughters named Margaret Barker."[2]
+
+If the same family had but one name for the household, we may imagine the
+difficulty when this one name was also popular throughout the village. The
+difficulty was naturally solved by, _firstly_, the adoption of _nick_
+forms; _secondly_, the addition of _pet_ desinences. Thus Emma became by
+the one practice simple _Emm_, by the other _Emmott_; and any number of
+boys in a small community might be entered in a register as Bartholomew,
+and yet preserve their individuality in work-a-day life by bearing such
+names as Bat, Bate, Batty, Bartle, Bartelot, Batcock, Batkin, and Tolly,
+or Tholy. In a word, these several forms of Bartholomew were treated as so
+many separate proper names.
+
+No one would think of describing Wat Tyler's--we should now say Walter
+Tyler's--insurrection as Gowen does:
+
+    "_Watte_ vocat, cui _Thoma_ venit, neque _Symme_ retardat,
+      _Bat_--que _Gibbe_ simul, _Hykke_ venire subent:
+    _Colle_ furit, quem _Bobbe_ juvat, nocumenta parantes,
+      Cum quibus, ad damnum _Wille_ coire volat--
+    _Crigge_ rapit, dum _Davie_ strepit, comes est quibus _Hobbe_,
+      _Larkin_ et in medio non minor esse putat:
+    _Hudde_ ferit, quem _Judde_ terit, dum _Tibbe_ juvatur
+      _Jacke_ domosque viros vellit, en ense necat."
+
+These names, taken in order, are Walter, Thomas, Simon, Bartholomew,
+Gilbert, Isaac, Nicholas, Robert, William, Gregory, David, Robert (2),
+Lawrence, Hugh, Jordan (or George), Theobald, and John.
+
+Another instance will be evidence enough. The author of "Piers Plowman"
+says--
+
+    "Then goeth Glutton in, and grete other after,
+    _Cesse_, the sonteresse, sat on the bench:
+    _Watte_, the warner, and his wife bothe:
+    _Tymme_, the tynkere, and twayne of his prentices:
+    _Hikke_, the hackney man, and _Hugh_, the pedlere,
+    _Clarice_, of Cokkeslane, and the clerke of the churche:
+    _Dawe_, the dykere, and a dozen othere."
+
+Taken in their order, these nick forms represent Cecilia, Walter, Timothy,
+Isaac, Clarice, and David. It will be seen at a glance that such
+appellatives are rare, by comparison, in the present day. Tricks of this
+kind were not to be played with Bible names at the Reformation, and the
+new names from that time were pronounced, with such exceptions as will be
+detailed hereafter, in their fulness.
+
+To speak of William and John is to speak of a race and rivalry 800 years
+old. In Domesday there were 68 Williams, 48 Roberts, 28 Walters, to 10
+Johns. Robert Montensis asserts that in 1173, at a court feast of Henry
+II., Sir William St. John and Sir William Fitz-Hamon bade none but those
+who bore the name of William to appear. There were present 120 Williams,
+all knights. In Edward I.'s reign John came forward. In a Wiltshire
+document containing 588 names, 92 are William, 88 John, 55 Richard, 48
+Robert, 23 Roger, Geoffrey, Ralph, and Peter 16. A century later John was
+first. In 1347, out of 133 common councilmen for London, first convened,
+35 were John, 17 William, 15 Thomas, (St. Thomas of Canterbury was now an
+institution), 10 Richard, 8 Henry, 8 Robert. In 1385 the Guild of St.
+George at Norwich contained 377 names. Of these, John engrossed no less
+than 128, William 47, Thomas 41. The Reformation and the Puritan
+Commonwealth for a time darkened the fortunes of John and William, but the
+Protestant accession befriended the latter, and now, as 800 years ago,
+William is first and John second.
+
+But when we come to realize that nearly one-third of Englishmen were known
+either by the name of William or John about the year 1300, it will be seen
+that the _pet name_ and _nick form_ were no freak, but a necessity. We
+dare not attempt a category, but the surnames of to-day tell us much. Will
+was quite a distinct youth from Willot, Willot from Wilmot, Wilmot from
+Wilkin, and Wilkin from Wilcock. There might be half a dozen Johns about
+the farmstead, but it mattered little so long as one was called Jack,
+another Jenning, a third Jenkin, a fourth Jackcock (now Jacox as a
+surname), a fifth Brownjohn, and a sixth Micklejohn, or Littlejohn, or
+Properjohn (_i.e._ well built or handsome).
+
+The _nick_ forms are still familiar in many instances, though almost
+entirely confined to such names as have descended from that day to the
+present. We still talk of Bob, and Tom, and Dick, and Jack. The
+introduction of Bible names at the Reformation did them much harm. But the
+Reformation, and the English Bible combined, utterly overwhelmed the _pet_
+desinences, and they succumbed. Emmot and Hamlet lived till the close of
+the seventeenth century, but only because they had ceased to be looked
+upon as altered forms of old favourite names, and were entered in vestry
+books on their own account as orthodox proper names.
+
+
+II. PET FORMS.
+
+These pet desinences were of four kinds.
+
+
+(_a_) _Kin._
+
+The primary sense of _kin_ seems to have been relationship: from thence
+family, or offspring. The phrases "from generation to generation," or
+"from father to son," in "Cursor Mundi" find a briefer expression:
+
+    "This writte was gett fra kin to kin,
+    That best it cuth to haf in min."
+
+The next meaning acquired by _kin_ was child, or "young one." We still
+speak in a diminutive sense of a manikin, kilderkin, pipkin, lambkin,
+jerkin, minikin (little minion), or doitkin. Appended to baptismal names
+it became very familiar. "A litul soth Sermun" says--
+
+    "Nor those prude yongemen
+      That loveth Malekyn,
+    And those prude maydenes
+      That loveth Janekyn:
+
+      *       *       *
+
+    Masses and matins
+      Ne kepeth they nouht,
+    For Wilekyn and Watekyn
+      Be in their thouht."
+
+Unquestionably the incomers from Brabant and Flanders, whether as
+troopers or artisans, gave a great impulse to the desinence. They tacked
+it on to everything:
+
+    "_Rutterkin_ can speke no Englyssh,
+    His tongue runneth all on buttyred fyssh,
+    Besmeared with grece abowte his dysshe
+                  Like a rutter hoyda."
+
+They brought in Hankin, and Han-cock, from Johannes; not to say Baudkin,
+or Bodkin, from Baldwin. _Baudechon le Bocher_ in the Hundred Rolls, and
+_Simmerquin Waller_, lieutenant of the Castle of Harcourt in "Wars of the
+English in France," look delightfully Flemish.
+
+Hankin is found late:
+
+    "Thus for her love and loss poor Hankin dies,
+    His amorous soul down flies."
+                                    "Musarum Deliciæ," 1655.
+
+To furnish a list of English names ending in _kin_ would be impossible.
+The great favourites were Hopkin (Robert),[3] Lampkin and Lambkin
+(Lambert), Larkin (Lawrence), Tonkin (Antony), Dickin, Stepkin
+(Stephen),[4] Dawkin (David), Adkin,[5] now Atkin (Adam, not Arthur),
+Jeffkin (Jeffrey), Pipkin and Potkin (Philip), Simkin, Tipkin (Theobald),
+Tomkin, Wilkin, Watkin (Walter), Jenkin, Silkin (Sybil),[6] Malkin (Mary),
+Perkin (Peter), Hankin (Hans), and Halkin or Hawkin (Henry). Pashkin or
+Paskin reminds us of Pask or Pash, the old baptismal name for children
+born at Easter. Judkin (now as a surname also Juckin) was the
+representative of Judd, that is, Jordan. George afterwards usurped the
+place. All these names would be entered in their orthodox baptismal style
+in all formal records. But here and there we get free and easy entries, as
+for instance:
+
+    "Agnes Hobkin-wyf, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+    "Henry, son of Halekyn, for 17-1/2 acres of land."--"De Lacy
+    Inquisition," 1311.
+
+    "Emma Watkyn-doghter, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+    "Thi beste cote, Hankyn,
+    Hath manye moles and spottes,
+    It moste ben y-wasshe."
+                          "Piers Plowman."
+
+_Malkin_ was one of the few English female names with this appendage. Some
+relics of this form of Mary still remain. Malkin in Shakespeare is the
+coarse scullery wench:
+
+                  "The kitchen malkin pins
+    Her richest lockram 'bout her reechy neck,
+    Clambering the walls to eye him."
+                                "Coriolanus," Act ii. sc. 1.
+
+While the author of the "Anatomy of Melancholy" is still more unkind, for
+he says--
+
+    "A filthy knave, a deformed quean, a crooked carcass, a maukin, a
+    witch, a rotten post, a hedge-stake may be so set out and tricked up,
+    that it shall make a fair show, as much enamour as the rest."--Part
+    iii. sect. 2, mem. 2, sub-sect. 3.
+
+From a drab Malkin became a scarecrow. Hence Chaucer talks of
+"malkin-trash." As if this were not enough, malkin became the baker's
+clout to clean ovens with. Thus, as Jack took the name of the implements
+Jack used, as in boot-jack, so by easy transitions Malkin. The last hit
+was when Grimalkin (that is, grey-malkin) came to be the cant term for an
+old worn-out quean cat. Hence the witch's name in "Macbeth."
+
+It will be seen at a glance why Malkin is the only name of this class that
+has no place among our surnames.[7] She had lost character. I have
+suggested, in "English Surnames," that Makin, Meakin, and Makinson owe
+their origin to either Mary or Maud. I would retract that supposition.
+There can be little doubt these are patronymics of Matthew, just as is
+Maycock or Meacock. Maykinus Lappyng occurs in "Materials for a History of
+Henry VII.," and the Maykina Parmunter of the Hundred Rolls is probably
+but a feminine form. The masculine name was often turned into a feminine,
+but I have never seen an instance of the reverse order.
+
+Terminations in _kin_ were slightly going down in popular estimation, when
+the Hebrew invasion made a clean sweep of them. They found shelter in
+Wales, however, and our directories preserve in their list of surnames
+their memorial for ever.[8]
+
+
+(_b_) _Cock._
+
+The term "cock" implied _pertness_: especially the pertness of lusty and
+swaggering youth. To cock up the eye, or the hat, or the tail, a haycock
+in a field, a cock-robin in the wood, and a cock-horse in the nursery, all
+had the same relationship of meaning--brisk action, pert
+demonstrativeness. The barn-door cockerel was not more cockapert than the
+boy in the scullery that opened upon the yard where both strutted. Hence
+any lusty lad was "Cock," while such fuller titles as Jeff-cock, or
+Sim-cock, or Bat-cock gave him a preciser individuality. The story of
+"Cocke Lorelle" is a relic of this; while the prentice lad in "Gammer
+Gurton's Needle," acted at Christ College, Cambridge, in 1566, goes by the
+only name of "Cock." Tib the servant wench says to Hodge, after the needle
+is gone--
+
+    "My Gammer is so out of course, and frantic all at once,
+    That Cock our boy, and I, poor wench, have felt it on our bones."
+
+By-and-by Gammer calls the lad to search:
+
+    "Come hither, Cock: what, Cock, I say.
+    _Cock._                          How, Gammer?
+    _Gammer._ Go, hie thee soon: and grope behind the old brass pan."
+
+Such terms as nescock, meacock, dawcock, pillicock, or lobcock may be
+compounds--unless they owe their origin to "cockeney," a spoiled,
+home-cherished lad. In "Wit without Money" Valentine says--
+
+    "For then you are meacocks, fools, and miserable."
+
+In "Appius and Virginia" (1563) Mausipula says (Act i. sc. 1)--
+
+    "My lady's great business belike is at end,
+    When you, goodman dawcock, lust for to wend."
+
+In "King Lear"
+
+    "Pillicock sat on pillicock-hill"
+
+seems an earlier rendering of the nursery rhyme--
+
+    "Pillicock, Pillicock sate on a hill,
+    If he's not gone, he sits there still."
+
+In "Wily Beguiled" Will Cricket says to Churms--
+
+    "Why, since you were bumbasted that your lubberly legs would not carry
+    your lobcock body."
+
+These words have their value in proving how familiarly the term _cock_ was
+employed in forming nicknames. That it should similarly be appended to
+baptismal names, especially the nick form of Sim, Will, or Jeff, can
+therefore present no difficulty.
+
+_Cock_ was almost as common as "_kin_" as a desinence. _Sim-cock_ was
+_Simcock_ to the end of his days, of course, if his individuality had come
+to be known by the name.
+
+    "Hamme, son of Adecock, held 29 acres of land.
+
+    "Mokock de la Lowe, for 10 acres.
+
+    "Mokock dal Moreclough, for six acres.
+
+    "Dik, son of Mocock, of Breercroft, for 20 acres."--"The De Lacy
+    Inquisition," 1311.
+
+Adecock is Adam, and Mocock or Mokock is Matthew. In the same way
+Sander-cock is a diminutive of Sander, Lay-cock of Lawrence, Luccock of
+Luke, Pidcock and Peacock of Peter, Maycock and Mycock of Matthew,
+Jeff-cock of Jeffrey, Johncock of John, Hitch-cock or Hiscock or Heacock
+of Higg or Hick (Isaac), Elcock of Ellis, Hancock or Handcock of Han or
+Hand (Dutch John), Drocock or Drewcock of Drew, Wilcock of William,
+Badcock or Batcock of Bartholomew, and Bawcock of Baldwin, Adcock or
+Atcock of Adam, Silcock of Silas, and Palcock of Paul:
+
+    "Johannes Palcock, et Beatrix uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+    "Ricardus Sylkok, et Matilda uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+The difficulty of identification was manifestly lessened in a village or
+town where _Bate_ could be distinguished from _Batkin_, and _Batkin_ from
+_Batcock_. Hence, again, the common occurrence of such a component as
+_cock_. This diminutive is never seen in the seventeenth century; and yet
+we have many evidences of its use in the beginning of the sixteenth. The
+English Bible, with its tendency to require the full name as a matter of
+reverence, while it supplied new names in the place of the old ones that
+were accustomed to the desinence, caused this. It may be, too, that the
+new regulation of Cromwell in 1538, requiring the careful registration of
+all baptized children, caused parents to lay greater stress on the name as
+it was entered in the vestry-book.
+
+Any way, the sixteenth century saw the end of names terminating in "cock."
+
+
+(_c._) _On or In._
+
+A dictionary instance is "violin," that is, a little viol, a fiddle of
+four strings, instead of six. This diminutive, to judge from the Paris
+Directory, must have been enormously popular with our neighbours. Our
+connection with Normandy and France generally brought the fashion to the
+English Court, and in habits of this kind the English folk quickly copied
+their superiors. Terminations in _kin_ and _cock_ were confined to the
+lower orders first and last. Terminations in _on_ or _in_, and _ot_ or
+_et_, were the introduction of fashion, and being under patronage of the
+highest families in the land, naturally obtained a much wider popularity.
+
+Our formal registers, again, are of little assistance. Beton is coldly and
+orthodoxly Beatrice or Beatrix in the Hundred Rolls. Only here and there
+can we gather that Beatrice was never so called in work-a-day life. In
+"Piers Plowman" it is said--
+
+    "_Beton_ the Brewestere
+      Bade him good morrow."
+
+And again, later on:
+
+    "And bade Bette cut a bough,
+      And beat _Betoun_ therewith."
+
+If Alice is Alice in the registrar's hands, not so in homely Chaucer:
+
+    "This _Alison_ answered: Who is there
+    That knocketh so? I warrant him a thefe."
+
+Or take an old Yorkshire will:
+
+    "Item: to Symkyn, and Watkyn, and Alison Meek, servandes of John of
+    Bolton, to ilk one of yaim, 26{s}. 8{d}."--"Test. Ebor." iii. 21.
+    Surtees Society.
+
+Hugh, too, gets his name familiarly entered occasionally:
+
+    "_Hugyn_ held of the said earl an oxgang of land, and paid yearly
+    iii{s}. vi{d}."--"The De Lacy Inquisition," 1311.
+
+Huggins in our directories is the memorial of this. But in the north of
+England Hutchin was a more popular form. In the "Wappentagium de
+Strafford" occurs--
+
+    "Willelmus Huchon, & Matilda uxor ejus, iiii{d}."
+
+Also--
+
+    "Elena Houchon-servant, iiii{d}."
+
+that is, Ellen the servant of Houchon. Our Hutchinsons are all north of
+Trent folk. Thus, too, Peter (Pier) became Perrin:
+
+    "The wife of Peryn."--"Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne," Chetham Society,
+    p. 87.
+
+Marion, from Mary, is the only familiar instance that has descended to us,
+and no doubt we owe this fact to Maid Marion, the May-lady. Many a Mary
+Ann, in these days of double baptismal names, perpetuates the impression
+that Marion or Marian was compounded of Mary and Ann.
+
+Of familiar occurrence were such names as _Perrin_, from Pierre, Peter;
+_Robin_ and _Dobbin_, from Rob and Dob, Robert; _Colin_, from Col,
+Nicholas; _Diccon_, from Dick, Richard; _Huggin_, from Hugh; _Higgin_,
+from Hick or Higg, Isaac; _Figgin_, from Figg, Fulke;[9] _Phippin_, from
+Phip and Philip; and _Gibbin_, or _Gibbon_, or _Gilpin_, from Gilbert.
+Every instance proves the debt our surnames have incurred by this
+practice.
+
+Several cases are obscured by time and bad pronunciation. Our Tippings
+should more rightly be Tippins, originally Tibbins, from Tibbe (Theobald);
+our Collinges and Collings, Collins; and our Gibbings, Gibbins. Our
+Jennings should be Jennins; _Jennin_ Caervil was barber to the Earl of
+Suffolk in the French wars ("Wars of England in France," Henry VI.).
+Robing had early taken the place of Robin:
+
+    "Johanne Robyng-doghter, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Such entries as Raoulin Meriel and Raoul Partrer (this Raoul was private
+secretary to Henry VI.) remind us of the former popularity of Ralph and of
+the origin of our surnames Rawlins and Rawlinson:
+
+    "Dionisia Rawlyn-wyf, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Here again, however, the "_in_" has become "_ing_," for Rawlings is even
+more common than Rawlins. Deccon and Dickin have got mixed, and both are
+now Dickens, although Dicconson exists as distinct from Dickinson. Spenser
+knew the name well:
+
+    "Diggon Davie, I bid her 'good-day;'
+    Or Diggon her is, or I missay."
+
+    "Matilda Dicon-wyf, webester, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+The London Directory contains Lamming and Laming. Alongside are Lampin,
+Lamin, and Lammin. These again are more correct, all being surnames formed
+from Lambin, a pet form of Lambert:
+
+    "Willelmus Lambyn, et Alicia uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Lambyn Clay played before Edward at Westminster at the great festival in
+1306 (Chappell's "Popular Music of ye Olden Time," i. 29). The French
+forms are Lambin, Lamblin, and Lamberton, all to be met with in the Paris
+Directory.
+
+All these names are relics of a custom that is obsolete in England, though
+not with our neighbours.
+
+
+(_d._) _Ot and Et._
+
+These are the terminations that ran first in favour for many generations.
+
+This diminutive _ot_ or _et_ is found in our language in such words as
+_poppet_, _jacket_, _lancet_, _ballot_, _gibbet_, _target_, _gigot_,
+_chariot_, _latchet_, _pocket_, _ballet_. In the same way a little page
+became a _paget_, and hence among our surnames Smallpage, Littlepage, and
+Paget.
+
+Coming to baptism, we find scarcely a single name of any pretensions to
+popularity that did not take to itself this desinence. The two favourite
+girl-names in Yorkshire previous to the Reformation were Matilda and Emma.
+Two of the commonest surnames there to-day are Emmott and Tillot, with
+such variations as Emmett and Tillett, Emmotson and Tillotson. The
+archbishop came from Yorkshire. _Tyllot_ Thompson occurs under date 1414
+in the "Fabric Rolls of York Minster" (Surtees Society).
+
+    "Rome, April 27, Eugenius IV. (1433). Dispensation from Selow for
+    Richard de Akerode and Emmotte de Greenwood to marry, they being
+    related in the fourth degree."--"Test. Ebor.," iii. 317.
+
+    "Licence to the Vicar of Bradford to marry Roger Prestwick and Emmote
+    Crossley. Bannes thrice in one day" (1466).--"Test. Ebor.," iii. 338.
+
+Isabella was also popular in Yorkshire: hence our Ibbots and Ibbotsons,
+our Ibbetts and Ibbetsons. Registrations such as "Ibbota filia Adam," or
+"Robert filius Ibote," are of frequent occurrence in the county archives.
+The "Wappentagium de Strafford" has:
+
+    "Johanna Ibot-doghter, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Willelmus Kene, et Ibota uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Thomas Gaylyour, et Ebbot sa femme, iiii{d}."
+
+Cecilia became Sissot or Cissot:
+
+    "Willelmus Crake, & Cissot sa femme, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+In the "Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne" (Chetham Society), penned fortunately
+for our purpose in every-day style, we have such entries as--
+
+    "Syssot, wife of Patrick.
+
+    "Syssot, wife of Diccon Wilson.
+
+    "Syssot, wife of Thomas the Cook.
+
+    "Syssot, wife of Jak of Barsley."
+
+Four wives named Cecilia in a community of some twenty-five families will
+be evidence enough of the popularity of that name. All, however, were
+known in every-day converse as Sissot.
+
+Of other girl-names we may mention Mabel, which from Mab became Mabbott;
+Douce became Dowcett and Dowsett; Gillian or Julian, from Gill or Jill
+(whence Jack and Jill), became Gillot, Juliet, and Jowett; Margaret became
+Margett and Margott, and in the north Magot. Hence such entries from the
+Yorkshire parchments, already quoted, as--
+
+    "Thomas de Balme, et Magota uxor ejus, chapman, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Hugo Farrowe, et Magota uxor ejus, smyth, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Johannes Magotson, iiii{d}."
+
+Custance became Cussot, from Cuss or Cust, the nick form. The Hundred
+Rolls contain a "Cussot Colling"--a rare place to find one of these
+diminutives, for they are set down with great clerkly formality.
+
+From Lettice, Lesot was obtained:
+
+    "Johan Chapman, & Lesot sa femme, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+And Dionisia was very popular as Diot:
+
+    "Johannes Chetel, & Diot uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Willelmus Wege, & Diot uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Of course, it became a surname:
+
+    "Robertus Diot, & Mariona uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Willelmus Diotson, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+It is curious to observe that Annot, which now as Annette represents Anne,
+in Richard II.'s day was extremely familiar as the diminutive of Annora or
+Alianora. So common was Annot in North England that the common sea-gull
+came to be so known. It is a mistake to suppose that Annot had any
+connection with Anna. One out of every eight or ten girls was Annot in
+Yorkshire at a time when Anna is never found to be in use at all:
+
+    "Stephanus Webester, & Anota uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Richard Annotson, wryght, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+As Alianora and Eleanora are the same, so were Enot and Anot:
+
+    "Henricus filius Johannis Enotson, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Again, Eleanor became Elena, and this Lina and Linot. Hence in the Hundred
+Rolls we find "Linota atte Field." In fact, the early forms of Eleanor are
+innumerable. The favourite Sibilla became Sibot:
+
+    "Johannes de Estwode, et Sibota uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Willelmus Howeson, et Sibbota uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Mary not merely became Marion, but Mariot, and from our surnames it would
+appear the latter was the favourite:
+
+    "Isabella serviens Mariota Gulle, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+    "Mariota in le Lane."--Hundred Rolls.
+
+Eve became Evot, Adam and Eve being popular names. In the will of William
+de Kirkby, dated 1391, are bequests to "Evæ uxori Johannes Parvying" and
+"Willielmo de Rowlay," and later on he refers to them again as the
+aforementioned "Evotam et dictum Willielmum Rowlay" ("Test. Ebor.," i.
+145. Surtees Society).
+
+But the girl-name that made most mark was originally a boy's name,
+Theobald. Tibbe was the nick form, and Tibbot the pet name. Very speedily
+it became the property of the female sex, such entries as Tibot Fitz-piers
+ending in favour of Tibota Foliot. After the year 1300 Tib, or Tibet, is
+invariably feminine. In "Gammer Gurton's Needle," Gammer says to her
+maid--
+
+    "How now, Tib? quick! let's hear what news thou hast brought
+    hither."--Act. i. sc. 5.
+
+In "Ralph Roister Doister," the pet name is used in the song, evidently
+older than the play:
+
+          "Pipe, merry Annot, etc.,
+          Trilla, Trilla, Trillary.
+    Work, Tibet; work, Annot; work, Margery;
+    Sew, Tibet; knit, Annot; spin, Margery;
+    Let us see who will win the victory."
+
+Gib, from Gilbert, and Tib became the common name for a male and female
+cat. Scarcely any other terms were employed from 1350 to 1550:
+
+    "For right no more than Gibbe, our cat,
+    That awaiteth mice and rattes to killen,
+    Ne entend I but to beguilen."
+
+Hence both Tibet and Gibbet were also used for the same; as in the old
+phrase "flitter-gibbett," for one of wanton character. Tom in tom-cat came
+into ordinary parlance later. All our modern Tibbots, Tibbetts, Tibbitts,
+Tippitts, Tebbutts, and their endless other forms, are descended from
+Tibbe.
+
+Coming to boys' names, all our Wyatts in the Directory hail from
+Guiot,[10] the diminutive of Guy, just as Wilmot from William:
+
+    "Adam, son of Wyot, held an oxgang of land."--"De Lacy Inquisition."
+
+    "Ibbote Wylymot, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+_Payn_ is met in the form of Paynot and Paynet, _Warin_ as Warinot, _Drew_
+as Drewet, _Philip_ as Philpot, though this is feminine sometimes:
+
+    "Johannes Schikyn, et Philipot uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+_Thomas_ is found as Thomaset, _Higg_ (Isaac) as Higgot, _Jack_ as
+Jackett, _Hal_ (Henry) as Hallet (Harriot or Harriet is now feminine), and
+Hugh or Hew as Hewet:
+
+    "Dionisia Howet-doghter, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+The most interesting, perhaps, of these examples is Hamnet, or Hamlet.
+Hamon, or Hamond, was introduced from Normandy:
+
+    "Hamme, son of Adcock, held 29 acres of land."--"De Lacy Inquisition,"
+    1311.
+
+It became a favourite among high and low, and took to itself the forms of
+Hamonet and Hamelot:
+
+    "The wife of Richard, son of Hamelot."--"De Lacy Inquisition," 1311.
+
+These were quickly abbreviated into Hamnet and Hamlet. They ran side by
+side for several centuries, and at last, like Emmot, defied the English
+Bible, the Reformation, and even the Puritan period, and lived unto the
+eighteenth century. Hamlet Winstanley, the painter, was born in 1700, at
+Warrington, and died in 1756. In Kent's London Directory for 1736 several
+Hamnets occur as baptismal names. Shakespeare's little son was Hamnet, or
+Hamlet, after his godfather Hamnet Sadler. I find several instances where
+both forms are entered as the name of the same boy:
+
+    "Nov. 13, 1502. Item: the same day to Hamlet Clegge, for money by him
+    layed out ... to the keper of Dachet Ferrey in rewarde for conveying
+    the Quenes grace over Thamys there, iii{s}. iiii{d}."
+
+Compare this with--
+
+    "June 13, 1502. Item: the same day to Hampnet Clegge, for mone by him
+    delivered to the Quene for hir offring to Saint Edward at Westm.,
+    vi{s}. viii{d}."--"Privy Purse Expenses, Eliz. of York," pp. 21 and
+    62.
+
+Speaking of Hamelot, we must not forget that _ot_ and _et_ sometimes
+became _elot_ or _elet_. As a diminutive it is found in such dictionary
+words as bracelet, tartlet, gimblet, poplet (for poppet). The old ruff or
+high collar worn alike by men and women was styled a _partlet_:
+
+    "Jan. 1544. Item: from Mr. Braye ii. high collar partletts, iii{s}.
+    ix{d}."--"Privy Purse Expenses, Princess Mary."
+
+Hence partlet, a hen, on account of the ruffled feathers, a term used
+alike by Chaucer and Shakespeare.
+
+In our nomenclature we have but few traces of it. In France it was very
+commonly used. But Hughelot or Huelot, from Hugh, was popular, as our
+Hewletts can testify. Richelot for Richard, Hobelot and Robelot for
+Robert, Crestolot for Christopher, Cesselot for Cecilia, and Barbelot for
+Barbara, are found also, and prove that the desinence had made its mark.
+
+Returning, however, to _ot_ and _et_: Eliot or Elliot, from Ellis (Elias),
+had a great run. In the north it is sometimes found as Aliot:
+
+    "Alyott de Symondeston held half an oxgang of land, xix{d}."--"De Lacy
+    Inquisition," 1311.
+
+The feminine form was Elisot or Elicot, although this was used also for
+boys. The will of William de Aldeburgh, written in 1319, runs--
+
+    "Item: do et lego Elisotæ domicellæ meæ 40{s}."--"Test. Ebor.," i.
+    151.
+
+The will of Patrick de Barton, administered in the same year, says--
+
+    "Item: lego Elisotæ, uxori Ricardi Bustard unam vaccam, et
+    10{s}."--"Test. Ebor.," i. 155.
+
+    "Eliseus Carpenter, cartwyth, et Elesot uxor ejus, vi{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+As Ellis became Ellisot, so Ellice became Ellicot, whence the present
+surname. Bartholomew became Bartelot, now Bartlett, and from the pet form
+Toll, or Tolly, came Tollett and Tollitt.
+
+It is curious to notice why Emmot and Hamlet, or Hamnet, survived the
+crises that overwhelmed the others. Both became baptismal names in their
+own right. People forgot in course of time that they were diminutives of
+Emma and Hamond, and separated them from their parents. This did not come
+about till the close of Elizabeth's reign, so they have still the credit
+of having won a victory against terrible odds, the Hebrew army. Hamnet
+Shakespeare was so baptized. Hamon or Hamond would have been the regular
+form.
+
+Looking back, it is hard to realize that a custom equally affected by
+prince and peasant, as popular in country as town, as familiar in
+Yorkshire and Lancashire as in London and Winchester, should have been so
+completely uprooted, that ninety-nine out of the hundred are now unaware
+that it ever existed. This was unmistakably the result of some disturbing
+element of English social life. At the commencement of the sixteenth
+century there was no appearance of this confusion. In France the practice
+went on without let or hindrance. We can again but attribute it to the
+Reformation, and the English Bible, which swept away a large batch of the
+old names, and pronounced the new without addition or diminution. When
+some of the old names were restored, it was too late to fall back upon the
+familiarities that had been taken with them in the earlier period.
+
+
+(_e._) _Double Terminatives._
+
+In spite of the enormous popularity in England of _ot_ and _et_, they bear
+no proportion to the number in France. In England our _local_ surnames are
+two-fifths of the whole. In France _patronymic_ surnames are almost
+two-fifths of the whole. Terminatives in _on_ or _in_, and _ot_ and _et_,
+have done this. We in England only adopted double diminutives in two
+cases, those of _Colinet_ and _Robinet_, or _Dobinet_, and both were
+rarely used. Robinet has come down to us as a surname; and Dobinet so
+existed till the middle of the fifteenth century, for one John Dobynette
+is mentioned in an inventory of goods, 1463 (Mun. Acad. Oxon.). This
+Dobinet seems to have been somewhat familiarly used, for Dobinet Doughty
+is Ralph's servant in "Ralph Roister Doister." Matthew Merrygreek says--
+
+    "I know where she is: Dobinet hath wrought some wile.
+      _Tibet Talkapace._ He brought a ring and token, which he said was
+          sent
+    From our dame's husband."--Act. iii. sc. 2.
+
+Colin is turned into Colinet in Spenser's "Shepherd's Calendar," where
+Colin beseeches Pan:
+
+    "Hearken awhile from thy green cabinet,
+    The laurel song of careful Colinet?"
+
+Jannet is found as Janniting (Jannetin) once on English soil, for in the
+"London Chanticleers," a comedy written about 1636, Janniting is the
+apple-wench. _Welcome_ says--
+
+    "Who are they which they're enamoured so with?
+
+    _Bung._ The one's Nancy Curds, and the other Hanna Jenniting: Ditty
+    and Jenniting are agreed already ... the wedding will be kept at our
+    house."--Scene xiii.
+
+But the use of double diminutives was of every-day practice in Normandy
+and France, and increased their total greatly. I take at random the
+following _surnames_ (originally, of course, christian names) from the
+Paris Directory:--Margotin, Marioton, Lambinet (Lambert), Perrinot,
+Perrotin, Philiponet, Jannotin, Hugonet, Huguenin, Jacquinot, and
+Fauconnet (English Fulke). Huguenin (little wee Hugh) repeats the same
+diminutive; Perrinot and Perrotin (little wee Peter) simply reverse the
+order of the two diminutives. The "marionettes" in the puppet-show take
+the same liberty with Mariotin (little wee Mary) above mentioned. Hugonet,
+of course, is the same as Huguenot; and had English, not to say French,
+writers remembered this old custom, they would have found no difficulty in
+reducing the origin of the religious sect of that name to an _individual_
+as a starting-point. _Guillotin_ (little wee William) belongs to the same
+class, and descended from a baptismal name to become the surname of the
+famous doctor who invented the deadly machine that bears his title. I have
+discovered one instance of this as a baptismal name, viz. Gillotyne
+Hansake ("Wars of English in France: Henry VI.," vol. ii. p. 531).
+
+Returning to England, we find these pet forms in use well up to the
+Reformation:
+
+    "Nov., 1543. Item: geven to Fylpot, my Lady of Suffolk's lackaye,
+    vii{s}. vi{d}.
+
+    "June, 1537. Item: payed to Typkyn for cherys, xx{d}."--"Privy Purse
+    Expenses, Princess Mary."
+
+    "1548, July 22. Alson, d. of Jenkin Rowse."--St. Columb Major.
+
+    "1545, Oct. 3. Baptized Alison, d. of John James."--Ditto.[11]
+
+"Ralph Roister Doister," written not earlier than 1545, and not later than
+1550, by Nicholas Udall, contains three characters styled Annot Alyface,
+Tibet Talkapace, and Dobinet Doughty. Christian Custance, Sim Suresby,
+Madge Mumblecheek, and Gawyn Goodluck are other characters, all well-known
+contemporary names.
+
+In "Thersites," an interlude written in 1537, there is mention of
+
+    "_Simkin_ Sydnam, Sumnor,
+    That killed a cat at Cumnor."
+
+_Jenkin_ Jacon is introduced, also _Robin_ Rover. In a book entitled
+"Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic" (Henry VIII.), we find a
+document (numbered 1939, and dated 1526) containing a list of the
+household attendants and retinue of the king. Even here, although so
+formal a record, there occurs the name of "Hamynet Harrington, gentleman
+usher."
+
+We may assert with the utmost certainty that, on the eve of the Hebrew
+invasion, there was not a baptismal name in England of average popularity
+that had not attached to it in _daily converse_ one or other of these
+diminutives--_kin_, _cock_, _in_, _on_, _ot_, and _et_; not a name, too,
+that, before it had thus attached them, had not been shorn of all its
+fulness, and curtailed to a monosyllabic nick form. Bartholomew must
+first become Bat before it becomes Batcock, Peter must become Pierre
+before Perrot can be formed, Nicholas must be abbreviated to Col or Cole
+before Col or Cole can be styled Colin, and Thomas must be reduced to Tom
+before Tomkin can make his appearance.
+
+Several names had attached to themselves all these enclytics. For
+instance, Peter is met with, up to the crisis we are about to consider, in
+the several shapes of Perkin or Parkin, Peacock, Perrot, and Perrin; and
+William as Willin (now Willing and Willan in our directories), Wilcock,
+Wilkin, and Wilmot, was familiar to every district in the country.
+
+
+III. SCRIPTURE NAMES ALREADY IN USE AT THE REFORMATION.
+
+It now remains simply to consider the state of nomenclature in England at
+the eve of the Reformation in relation to the Bible. _Four_ classes may be
+mentioned.
+
+
+(_a._) _Mystery Names._
+
+The leading incidents of Bible narrative were familiarized to the English
+lower orders by the performance of sacred plays, or mysteries, rendered
+under the supervision of the Church. To these plays we owe the early
+popularity of Adam and Eve, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Sara,
+Daniel, Sampson, Susanna, Judith, Hanna or Anna, and Hester. But the
+Apocryphal names were not frequently used till about 1500. Scarcely any
+diminutives are found of them. On the other hand, Adam became Adcock and
+Adkin; Eve, Evott and Evett; Isaac, Hickin, and Higgin, and Higgot, and
+Higget; Joseph, Joskin; and Daniel, Dankin and Dannet.
+
+
+(_b._) _Crusade Names._
+
+The Crusaders gave us several prominent names. To them we are indebted for
+_Baptist_, _Ellis_, and _Jordan_: and _John_ received a great stimulus.
+The sacred water brought in the leathern bottle was used for baptismal
+purposes. The Jordan commemorated John the Baptist, the second Elias, the
+forerunner and baptizer of Jesus Christ. Children were styled by these
+incidents. _Jordan_ became popular through Western Europe. In England he
+gave us, as already observed, Judd, Judkin, Judson, Jordan, and Jordanson.
+Elias, as Ellis, took about the eighth place of frequency, and John, for a
+while, the first.
+
+
+(_c._) _The Saints' Calendar._
+
+The legends of the saints were carefully taught by the priesthood, and the
+day as religiously observed. All children born on these holy days received
+the name of the saint commemorated: St. James's Day, or St. Nicholas's
+Day, or St. Thomas's Day, saw a small batch of Jameses, Nicholases, and
+Thomases received into the fold of the Church. In other cases the gossip
+had some favourite saint, and placed the child under his or her
+protection. Of course, it bore the patron's name. A large number of these
+hagiological names were extra-Biblical--such as Cecilia, Catharine, or
+Theobald. Of these I make no mention here. All the Apostles, save Judas,
+became household names, John, Simon, Peter, Bartholomew, Matthew, James,
+Thomas, and Philip being the favourites. Paul and Timothy were also
+utilized, the former being always found as Pol.
+
+
+(_d._) _Festival Names._
+
+If a child was born at Whitsuntide or Easter, Christmas or Epiphany, like
+Robinson Crusoe's man Friday, or Thursday October Christian of the
+Pitcairn islanders, he received the name of the day. Hence our once
+familiar names of Noel or Nowell, Pask or Pascal, Easter, Pentecost, and
+Epiphany or Tiffany.
+
+It will be observed that all these imply no direct or personal
+acquaintance with the Scriptures. All came through the Church. All, too,
+were in the full tide of prosperity--with the single exception of Jordan,
+which was nearly obsolete--when the Bible, printed into English and set up
+in our churches, became an institution. The immediate result was that the
+old Scripture names of Bartholomew, Peter, Philip, and Nicholas received a
+blow much deadlier than that received by such Teutonic names as Robert,
+Richard, Roger, and Ralph. But that will be brought out as we progress.
+
+The subject of the influence of an English Bible upon English nomenclature
+is not uninteresting. It may be said of the "Vulgar Tongue" Bible that it
+revolutionized our nomenclature within the space of forty years, or little
+over a generation. No such crisis, surely, ever visited a nation's
+register before, nor can such possibly happen again. Every home felt the
+effect. It was like the massacre of the innocents in Egyptian days: "There
+was not one house where there was not one dead." But in Pharoah's day they
+did not replace the dead with the living. At the Reformation such a locust
+army of new names burst upon the land that we may well style it the Hebrew
+Invasion.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+THE HEBREW INVASION.
+
+    "With what face can they object to the king the bringing in of
+    forraigners, when themselves entertaine such an army of Hebrewes?"
+    _The Character of a London Diurnall_ (Dec. 1644).
+
+    "Albeit in our late Reformation some of good consideration have
+    brought in Zachary, Malachy, Josias, etc., as better agreeing with our
+    faith, but without contempt of Country names (as I hope) which have
+    both good and gracious significations, as shall appeare
+    hereafter."--CAMDEN, _Remaines_. 1614.
+
+
+I. _The March of the Army._
+
+The strongest impress of the English Reformation to-day is to be seen in
+our font-names. The majority date from 1560, the year when the Genevan
+Bible was published. This version ran through unnumbered editions, and for
+sixty, if not seventy, years was the household Bible of the nation. The
+Genevan Bible was not only written in the vulgar tongue, but was printed
+for vulgar hands. A moderate quarto was its size; all preceding versions,
+such as Coverdale's, Matthew's, and of course the Great Bible, being the
+ponderous folio, specimens of which the reader will at some time or other
+have seen. The Genevan Bible, too, was the Puritan's Bible, and was none
+the less admired by him on account of its Calvinistic annotations.
+
+But although the rage for Bible names dates from the decade 1560-1570,
+which decade marks the rise of Puritanism, there had been symptoms of the
+coming revolution as early as 1543. Richard Hilles, one of the Reformers,
+despatching a letter from Strasburg, November 15, 1543, writes:
+
+    "My wife says she has no doubt but that God helped her the sooner in
+    her confinement by reason of your good prayers. On the second of this
+    month she brought forth to the Church of Christ a son, who, as the
+    women say, is quite large enough for a mother of tall stature, and
+    whom I immediately named _Gershom_."--"Original Letters," 1537-1558,
+    No. cxii. Parker Society.
+
+We take up our Bibles, and find that of Zipporah it is said--
+
+    "And she bare him (Moses) a son, and he called his name Gershom: for
+    he said, _I have been a stranger in a strange land_."--Exod. ii. 22.
+
+The margin says, "a desolate stranger." At this time Moses was fled from
+Pharaoh, who would kill him. The parallel to Richard Hilles's mind was
+complete. This was in 1643.[12]
+
+In Mr. Tennyson's drama "Mary," we have the following scene between
+Gardiner and a yokel:
+
+      "_Gardiner._         I distrust thee,
+    There is a half voice, and a lean assent:
+    What is thy name?
+      _Man._      Sanders!
+      _Gardiner._           What else?
+      _Man._                            Zerrubabel."
+
+The Laureate was right to select for this rebellious Protestant a name
+that was to be popular throughout Elizabeth's reign; but poetic license
+runs rather far in giving this title to a _full-grown man_ in any year of
+Mary's rule. Sanders might have had a young child at home so styled, but
+for himself it was practically impossible. So clearly defined is the
+epoch that saw, if not one batch of names go out, at least a new batch
+come in. Equally marked are the names from the Bible which at this date
+were in use, and those which were not. Of this latter category Zerrubabel
+was one.
+
+In the single quotation from Hilles's letter of 1543 we see the origin of
+the great Hebrew invasion explained. The English Bible had become a fact,
+and the knowledge of its personages and narratives was becoming _directly_
+acquired. In every community up and down the country it was as if a fresh
+spring of clear water had been found, and every neighbour could come with
+jug or pail, and fill it when and how they would. One of the first
+impressions made seems to have been this: children in the olden time
+received as a name a term that was immediately significant of the
+circumstances of their birth. Often God personally, through His prophets
+or angelic messenger, acted as godparent indeed, and gave the name, as in
+Isaiah viii. 1, 3, 4:
+
+    "Moreover the Lord said unto me, Take thee a great roll, and write in
+    it with a man's pen concerning Maher-shalal-hash-baz.
+
+    "And I went unto the prophetess; and she conceived, and bare a son.
+    Then said the Lord to me, Call his name Maher-shalal-hash-baz.
+
+    "For before the child shall have knowledge to cry, My father, and my
+    mother, the riches of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria shall be taken
+    away before the king of Assyria."
+
+Here was a name palpably significant. Even before they knew its exact
+meaning the name was enrolled in English church registers, and by-and-by
+zealot Puritans employed it as applicable to English Church politics.
+
+All the patriarchs, down to the twelve sons of Jacob, had names of direct
+significance given them. Above all, a peculiar emphasis was laid upon all
+the titles of Jesus Christ, as in Isaiah vii. 14:
+
+    "Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his
+    name Immanuel."
+
+At the same time that this new revelation came, a crisis was going on of
+religion. The old Romish Church was being uprooted, or, rather, a new
+system was being grafted upon its stock, for the links have never been
+broken. The saints were shortly to be tabooed by the large mass of English
+folk; the festivals were already at a discount. Simultaneously with the
+prejudice against the very names of their saints and saintly festivals,
+arose the discovery of a mine of new names as novel as it was
+unexhaustible. They not merely met the new religious instinct, but
+supplied what would have been a very serious vacuum.
+
+But we must at once draw a line between the Reformation and Puritanism.
+Previous to the Reformation, so far as the Church was concerned, there had
+been to a certain extent a _system_ of nomenclature. The Reformation
+abrogated that system, but did not intentionally adopt a new one.
+Puritanism deliberately supplied a well-weighed and revised scheme, beyond
+which no adopted child of God must dare to trespass. Previous to the
+Reformation, the priest, with the assent of the gossip, gave the babe the
+name of the saint who was to be its patron, or on whose day the birth or
+baptism occurred. If the saint was a male, and the infant a female, the
+difficulty was overcome by giving the name a feminine form. Thus Theobald
+become Theobalda; and hence Tib and Tibot became so common among girls,
+that finally they ceased to represent boys at all. If it were one of the
+great holy days, the day or season itself furnished the name. Thus it was
+Simon, or Nicholas, or Cecilia, or Austen, or Pentecost, or Ursula, or
+Dorothy, became so familiar. From the reign of Elizabeth the clergy, and
+Englishmen generally, gave up this practice. Saints who could not boast
+apostolic honours were rejected, and holy men of lesser prestige, together
+with a large batch of virgins and martyrs of the Agnes, Catharine, and
+Ursula type, who belonged to Church history, received but scant
+attention. As a matter of course their names lapsed. But the nation stood
+by the old English names not thus popishly tainted. Against Geoffrey,
+Richard, Robert, and William, they had no prejudice: nay, they clung to
+them. The Puritan rejected both classes. He was ever trotting out his two
+big "P's,"--Pagan and Popish. Under the first he placed every name that
+could not be found in the Scriptures, and under the latter every title in
+the same Scriptures, and the Church system founded on them, that had been
+employed previous, say, to the coronation day of Edward VI. Of this there
+is the clearest proof. In a "Directory of Church Government," found among
+the papers of Cartwright, and written as early as 1565, there is the
+following order regarding and regulating baptism:--
+
+    "They which present unto baptism, ought to be persuaded not to give
+    those that are baptized the names of God, or of Christ, or of angels,
+    or of holy offices, as of baptist, evangelist, etc., nor such as
+    savour of paganism or popery: but chiefly such whereof there are
+    examples, in the Holy Scriptures, in the names of those who are
+    reported in them to have been godly and virtuous."--Neale, vol. v.
+    Appendix, p. 15.
+
+Nothing can be more precise than this. To the strict Puritan to reject the
+Richards, Mileses, and Henrys of the Teutonic, and the Bartholomews,
+Simons, Peters, and Nicholases of the ecclesiastic class, was to remove
+the Canaanite out of the land.
+
+How early this "article of religion" was obeyed, one or two quotations
+will show. Take the first four baptismal entries in the Canterbury
+Cathedral register:
+
+    "1564, Dec. 3. Abdias, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.
+
+    "1567, April 26. Barnabas, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.
+
+    "1569, June 1. Ezeckiell, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.
+
+    "1572, Feb. 10. Posthumus, the sonne of Robert Pownoll."
+
+Another son seems to have been Philemon:
+
+    "1623, April 27. John, the sonne of Philemon Pownoll."
+
+A daughter "Repentance" must be added:
+
+    "1583, Dec. 8. Married William Arnolde and Repentance Pownoll."
+
+Take another instance, a little later, from the baptisms of St. Peter's,
+Cornhill:
+
+    "1589, Nov. 2. Bezaleell, sonne of Michaell Nichollson, cordwayner.
+
+    "1599, Sep. 23. Aholiab, sonne of Michaell Nicholson, cordwainer.
+
+    "1595, May 18. Sara, daughter of Michaell Nichollson, cobler.
+
+    "1599, Nov. 1. Buried Rebecca, daughter of Michaell Nicholson,
+    cordwainer, 13 yeares."
+
+Rebecca, therefore, would be baptized in 1586. Sara and Aholiab died of
+the plague in 1603. Both old Robert Pownoll and the cobler must have been
+Puritans of a pronounced type.
+
+The Presbyterian clergy were careful to set an example of right
+name-giving:
+
+    "1613, July 28. Baptized Jaell, daughter of Roger Mainwaring,
+    preacher."--St. Helen, Bishopsgate.
+
+    "1617, Jan. 25. Baptized Ezekyell, sonne of Mr. Richard Culverwell,
+    minister."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1582, ----. Buried Zachary, sonne of Thomas Newton,
+    minister."--Barking, Essex.
+
+A still more interesting proof comes from Northampton. As an example of
+bigotry it is truly marvellous. On July 16, 1590, Archbishop Whitgift
+furnished the Lord Treasurer with the following, amongst many articles
+against Edmond Snape, curate of St. Peter's, in that town:
+
+    "Item: Christopher Hodgekinson obteyned a promise of the said Snape
+    that he would baptize his child; but Snape added, saying, 'You must
+    then give it a christian name allowed in the Scriptures.' Then
+    Hodgekinson told him that his wife's father, whose name was Richard,
+    desired to have the giving of that name."
+
+At the time of service Snape proceeded till they came to the place of
+naming: they said "Richard;"
+
+    "But hearing them calling it Richard, and that they would not give it
+    any other name, he stayed there, and would not in any case baptize the
+    child. And so it was carried away thence, and was baptized the week
+    following at Allhallows Churche, and called Richard."--Strype's
+    "Whitgift," ii. 9.
+
+This may be an extreme case, but I doubt not the majority of the
+Presbyterian clergy did their best to uproot the old English names, so far
+as their power of persuasion could go.
+
+Even the pulpit was used in behalf of the new doctrine. William Jenkin,
+the afterwards ejected minister, in his "Expositions of Jude," delivered
+in Christ Church, London, said, while commenting on the first verse, "Our
+baptismal names ought to be such as may prove remembrances of duty." He
+then instances Leah, Alpheus, and Hannah as aware of parental obligations
+in this respect, and adds--
+
+    "'Tis good to impose such names as expresse our baptismal promise. A
+    good name is as a thread tyed about the finger, to make us mindful of
+    the errand we came into the world to do for our Master."--Edition
+    1652, p. 7.
+
+As a general rule, the New Testament names spread the most rapidly,
+especially girl-names of the Priscilla, Dorcas, Tabitha, and Martha type.
+They were the property of the Reformation. Damaris bothered the clerks
+much, and is found indifferently as Tamaris, Damris, Dammeris, Dampris,
+and Dameris. By James I.'s day it had become a fashionable name:
+
+    "1617, April 13. Christened Damaris, d. of Doctor Masters.
+
+    "----, May 29. Christened Damaris, d. of Doctor Kingsley."--Canterbury
+    Cathedral.
+
+Martha, which sprang into instant popularity, is registered at the outset:
+
+    "1563, July 25. Christened Martha Wattam."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Phebe had a great run. The first I have seen is--
+
+    "1568, Oct. 24. Christened Phebe, d. of Harry Cut."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+Dorcas was, perhaps, the prime favourite, often styled and entered Darcas.
+Every register has it, and every page. A political ballad says--
+
+    "Come, Dorcas and Cloe,
+    With Lois and Zoe,
+      Young Lettice, and Beterice, and Jane;
+    Phill, Dorothy, Maud,
+    Come troop it abroad,
+      For now is our time to reign."
+
+Persis, Tryphena, and Tryphosa were also largely used. The earliest Persis
+I know is--
+
+    "1579, Maye 3. Christened Persis, d. of William Hopkinson, minister
+    heare."--Salehurst.
+
+Some of these names--as, for instance, Priscilla, Damaris, Dorcas, and
+Phebe--stood in James's reign almost at the head of girls' names in
+England. Indeed, alike in London and the provinces, the list of girl-names
+at Elizabeth's death was a perfect contrast to that when she ascended the
+throne. Then the great national names of Isabella, Matilda, Emma, and
+Cecilia ruled supreme. Then the four heroines Anna, Judith, Susan, and
+Hester, one or two of whom were in the Apocryphal narrative, had stamped
+themselves on our registers in what appeared indelible lines, although
+they were of much more recent popularity than the others. They lost
+prestige, but did not die out. Many Puritans had a sneaking fondness for
+them, finding in their histories a parallel to their own troubles, and
+perchance they had a private and more godly rendering of the popular
+ballad of their day:
+
+    "In Ninivie old Toby dwelt,
+      An aged man, and blind was he:
+    And much affliction he had felt,
+      Which brought him unto poverty:
+    He had by Anna, his true wife,
+      One only sonne, and eke no more."
+
+Esther[13] is still popular in our villages, so is Susan. Hannah has her
+admirers, and only Judith may be said to be forgotten. But their glory was
+from 1450 to 1550. After that they became secondary personages. Throughout
+the south of England, especially in the counties that surrounded London,
+the Bible had been ransacked from nook to corner. The zealots early dived
+into the innermost recesses of Scripture. They made themselves as familiar
+with chapters devoted solely to genealogical tables, as to those which
+they quoted to defend their doctrinal creed. The eighth chapter of Romans
+was not more studied by them than the thirty-sixth of Genesis, and the
+dukes of Edom classified in the one were laid under frequent contribution
+to witness to the adoption treated of in the other. Thus names unheard of
+in 1558 were "household words" in 1603.
+
+The slowest to take up the new custom were the northern counties. They
+were out of the current; and Lancashire, besides being inaccessible, had
+stuck to the old faith. Names lingered on in the Palatinate that had been
+dead nearly a hundred years in the south. Gawin figures in all northern
+registers till a century ago, and Thurston[14] was yet popular in the
+Fylde district, when it had become forgotten in the Fens. Scotland was
+never touched at all. The General Assembly of 1645 makes no hint on the
+subject, although it dwelt on nearly every other topic. Nothing
+demonstrates the clannish feeling of North Britain as this does. At this
+moment Scotland has scarcely any Bible names.
+
+In Yorkshire, however, Puritanism made early stand, though its effects on
+nomenclature were not immediately visible. It was like the fire that
+smoulders among the underwood before it catches flame; it spreads the more
+rapidly afterwards. The Genevan Bible crept into the dales and farmsteads,
+and their own primitive life seemed to be but reflected in its pages. The
+patriarchs lived as graziers, and so did they. There was a good deal about
+sheep and kine in its chapters, and their own lives were spent among the
+milk-pails and wool shears. The women of the Old Testament baked cakes,
+and knew what good butter was. So did the dales' folk. By slow degrees
+Cecilia, Isabella, and Emma lapsed from their pedestal, and the little
+babes were turned into Sarahs, Rebeccas, and Deborahs. As the seventeenth
+century progressed the state of things became still more changed. There
+had been villages in Sussex and Kent previous to Elizabeth's death, where
+the Presbyterian rector, by his personal influence at the time of baptism,
+had turned the new generation into a Hebrew colony. The same thing
+occurred in Yorkshire only half a century later. As nonconformity gained
+ground, Guy, and Miles, and Peter, and Philip became forgotten. The lads
+were no sooner ushered into existence than they were transformed into
+duplicates of Joel, and Amos, and Obediah. The measles still ran through
+the family, but it was Phineas and Caleb, not Robert and Roger, that
+underwent the infliction. Chosen leaders of Israel passed through the
+critical stages of teething. As for the twelve sons of Jacob, they could
+all have answered to their names in the dames' schools, through their
+little apple-cheeked representatives, who lined the rude benches. On the
+village green, every prophet from Isaiah to Malachi might be seen of an
+evening playing leap-frog: unless, indeed, Zephaniah was stealing apples
+in the garth.
+
+From Yorkshire, about the close of the seventeenth century, the rage for
+Scripture names passed into Lancashire. Nonconformity was making progress;
+the new industries were already turning villages into small centres of
+population, and the Church of England not providing for the increase,
+chapels were built. If we look over the pages of the directories of West
+Yorkshire and East Lancashire, and strike out the surnames, we could
+imagine we were consulting anciently inscribed registers of Joppa or
+Jericho. It would seem as if Canaan and the West Riding had got
+inextricably mixed.
+
+What a spectacle meets our eye! Within the limits of ten leaves we have
+three Pharoahs, while as many Hephzibahs are to be found on one single
+page. Adah and Zillah Pickles, sisters, are milliners. Jehoiada Rhodes
+makes saws--not Solomon's sort--and Hariph Crawshaw keeps a farm. Vashni,
+from somewhere in the Chronicles, is rescued from oblivion by Vashni
+Wilkinson, coal merchant, who very likely goes to Barzillai Williamson, on
+the same page, for his joints, Barzillai being a butcher. Jachin, known to
+but a few as situated in the Book of Kings, is in the person of Jachin
+Firth, a beer retailer, familiar to all his neighbours. Heber Holdsworth
+on one page is faced by Er Illingworth on the other. Asa and Joab are
+extremely popular, while Abner, Adna, Ashael, Erastus, Eunice, Benaiah,
+Aquila, Elihu, and Philemon enjoy a fair amount of patronage. Shadrach,
+Meshach, and Abednego, having been rescued from Chaldæan fire, have been
+deluged with baptismal water. How curious it is to contemplate such
+entries as Lemuel Wilson, Kelita Wilkinson, Shelah Haggas, Shadrach
+Newbold, Neriah Pearce, Jeduthan Jempson, Azariah Griffiths, Naphtali
+Matson, Philemon Jakes, Hameth Fell, Eleph Bisat, Malachi Ford, or Shallum
+Richardson. As to other parts of the Scriptures, I have lighted upon name
+after name that I did not know existed in the Bible at all till I looked
+into the Lancashire and Yorkshire directories.
+
+The Bible has decided the nomenclature of the north of England. In towns
+like Oldham, Bolton, Ashton, and Blackburn, the clergyman's baptismal
+register is but a record of Bible names. A clerical friend of mine
+christened twins Cain and Abel, only the other day, much against his own
+wishes. Another parson on the Derbyshire border was gravely informed, at
+the proper moment, that the name of baptism was Ramoth-Gilead. "Boy or
+girl, eh?" he asked in a somewhat agitated voice. The parents had opened
+the Bible hap-hazard, according to the village tradition, and selected the
+first name the eye fell on. It was but a year ago a little child was
+christened Tellno in a town within six miles of Manchester, at the
+suggestion of a cotton-spinner, the father, a workman of the name of Lees,
+having asked his advice. "I suppose it must be a Scripture name," said his
+master. "Oh yes! that's of course." "Suppose you choose _Tellno_," said
+his employer. "That'll do," replied the other, who had never heard it
+before, and liked it the better on that account. The child is now Tell-no
+Lees, the father, too late, finding that he had been hoaxed.[15] "_Sirs_,"
+was the answer given to a bewildered curate, after the usual demand to
+name the child. He objected, but was informed that it was a Scripture
+name, and the verse "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" was triumphantly
+appealed to. This reminds one of the Puritan who styled his dog
+"_Moreover_" after the dog in the Gospel: "_Moreover_ the dog came and
+licked his sores."
+
+There is, again, a story of a clergyman making the customary demand as to
+name from a knot of women round the font. "Ax her," said one. Turning to
+the woman who appeared to be indicated, he again asked, "What name?" "Ax
+her," she replied. The third woman, being questioned, gave the same reply.
+At last he discovered the name to be the Scriptural Achsah, Caleb's
+daughter--a name, by the way, which was somewhat popular with our
+forefathers. No wonder this mistake arose, when Achsah used to be entered
+in some such manner as this:
+
+    "1743-4, Jan. 3. Baptized Axar Starrs (a woman of ripe years), of
+    Stockport.
+
+    "1743-4, Jan. 3. Married Warren Davenport, of Stockport, Esq., and
+    Axar Starrs, aforesaid, spinster."--Marple, Cheshire.
+
+Axar's father was Caleb Starrs. The scriptural relationship was thus
+preserved. Achsah crossed the Atlantic with the Pilgrim Fathers, and has
+prospered there ever since. It is still popular in Devonshire and the
+south-west of England. All these stories serve to show the quarry whence
+modern names are hewn.
+
+I have mentioned the north because I have studied its Post-Office
+Directories carefully. But if any one will visit the shires of Dorset, and
+Devon, and Hampshire, he will find the same result. The Hebrew has won the
+day. Just as in England, north of Trent, we can still measure off the
+ravages of the Dane by striking a line through all local names lying
+westward ending in "by," so we have but to count up the baptismal names of
+the peasantry of these southern counties to see that they have become the
+bondsmen of an Eastern despot. In fact, go where and when we will from the
+reign of Elizabeth, we find the same influence at work. Take a few places
+and people at random.
+
+Looking at our testamentary records, we find the will of Kerenhappuch
+Benett proved in 1762, while Kerenhappuch Horrocks figures in the
+Manchester Directory for 1877. Onesiphorus Luffe appears on a halfpenny
+token of 1666; Habakkuk Leyman, 1650; Euodias Inman, 1650; Melchisedek
+Fritter, 1650; Elnathan Brock, 1654; and Abdiah Martin, 1664 ("Tokens of
+Seventeenth Century"). Shallum Stent was married in 1681 (Racton,
+Sussex); Gershom Baylie was constable of Lewes in 1619, Araunah Verrall
+fulfilling the same office in 1784. Captain Epenetus Crosse presented a
+petition to Privy Council in 1660 (C. S. P. Colonial); Erastus Johnson was
+defendant in 1724, and Cressens Boote twenty years earlier. Barjonah Dove
+was Vicar of Croxton in 1694. Tryphena Monger was buried in Putney
+Churchyard in 1702, and Tryphosa Saunders at St. Peter's, Worcester, in
+1770. Mahaliel Payne, Azarias Phesant, and Pelatiah Barnard are recorded
+in State Papers, 1650-1663 (C. S. P.), and Aminadab Henley was dwelling in
+Kent in 1640 ("Proceedings in Kent." Camden Society). Shadrack Pride is a
+collector of hearth-money in 1699, and Gamaliel Chase is communicated with
+in 1635 (C. S. P.). Onesiphorus Albin proposes a better plan of collecting
+the alien duty in 1692 (C. S. P.), while Mordecai Abbott is appointed
+deputy-paymaster of the forces in 1697 (C. S. P.). Eliakim Palmer is
+married at Somerset House Chapel in 1740; Dalilah White is buried at
+Cowley in 1791, and Keziah Simmons is christened there in 1850. Selah
+Collins is baptized at Dyrham, Gloucestershire, in 1752, and Keturah Jones
+is interred at Clifton in 1778. Eli-lama-Sabachthani Pressnail was
+existing in 1862 (_Notes and Queries_), and the _Times_ recorded a
+Talitha-Cumi People about the same time. The will of Mahershalalhashbaz
+Christmas was proved not very long ago. Mrs. Mahershalalhashbaz Bradford
+was dwelling in Ringwood, Hampshire, in 1863; and on January 31, 1802, the
+register of Beccles Church received the entry, "Mahershalalhashbaz, son of
+Henry and Sarah Clarke, baptized," the same being followed, October 14,
+1804, by the baptismal entry of "Zaphnaphpaaneah," another son of the same
+couple. A grant of administration in the estate of Acts-Apostles Pegden
+was made in 1865. His four brothers, older than himself, were of course
+the four Evangelists, and had there been a sixth I dare say his name would
+have been "Romans." An older member of this family, many years one of the
+kennel-keepers of Tickham fox-hounds, was Pontius Pilate Pegden. At a
+confirmation at Faversham in 1847, the incumbent of Dunkirk presented to
+the amazed archbishop a boy named "Acts-Apostles." These are, of course,
+mere eccentricities, but eccentricities follow a beaten path, and have
+their use in calculations of the nature we are considering. Eccentricities
+in dress are proverbially but exaggerations of the prevailing fashion.
+
+
+II. POPULARITY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT.
+
+The affection felt by the Puritans for the Old Testament has been observed
+by all writers upon the period, and of the period. Cleveland's remark,
+quoted by Hume, is, of course, an exaggeration.
+
+    "Cromwell," he says, "hath beat up his drums cleane through the Old
+    Testament--you may learne the genealogy of our Saviour by the names in
+    his regiment. The muster-master uses no other list than the first
+    chapter of Matthew."
+
+Lord Macaulay puts it much more faithfully in his first chapter, speaking,
+too, of an earlier period than the Commonwealth:
+
+    "In such a history (_i.e._ Old Testament) it was not difficult for
+    fierce and gloomy spirits to find much that might be distorted to suit
+    their wishes. The extreme Puritans, therefore, began to feel for the
+    Old Testament a preference which, perhaps, they did not distinctly
+    avow even to themselves, but which showed itself in all their
+    sentiments and habits. They paid to the Hebrew language a respect
+    which they refused to that tongue in which the discourses of Jesus and
+    the Epistles of Paul have come down to us. They baptized their
+    children by the names, not of Christian saints, but of Hebrew
+    patriarchs and warriors."
+
+The Presbyterian clergy had another objection to the New Testament names.
+The possessors were all saints, and in the saints' calendar. The apostolic
+title was as a red rag to his blood-shot eye.
+
+    "Upon Saint Peter, Paul, John, Jude, and James,
+    They will not put the 'saint' unto their names,"
+
+says the Water-poet in execrable verse. Its _local_ use was still more
+trying, as no man could pass through a single quarter of London without
+seeing half a dozen churches, or lanes, or taverns dedicated to Saint
+somebody or other.
+
+    "Others to make all things recant
+    The christian and surname of saint,
+    Would force all churches, streets, and towns
+    The holy title to renounce."
+
+To avoid any saintly taint, the Puritan avoided the saints themselves.
+
+But the discontented party in the Church had, as Macaulay says, a decided
+hankering after the Old Testament on other grounds than this. They paid
+the Hebrew language an almost superstitious reverence.[16] Ananias, the
+deacon, in the "Alchemist," published in 1610, says--
+
+    "Heathen Greek, I take it.
+      _Subtle._             How! heathen Greek?
+      _Ananias._ All's heathen but the Hebrew."[17]
+
+Bishop Corbet, in his "Distracted Puritan," has a lance to point at the
+same weakness:
+
+    "In the holy tongue of Canaan
+    I placed my chiefest pleasure,
+        Till I pricked my foot
+        With an Hebrew root,
+    That I bled beyond all measure."
+
+In the "City Match," written by Mayne in 1639, Bannsright says--
+
+                                    "Mistress Dorcas,
+    If you'll be usher to that holy, learned woman,
+    That can heal broken shins, scald heads, and th' itch,
+    Your schoolmistress: that can expound, and teaches
+    To knit in Chaldee, and work Hebrew samplers,
+    I'll help you back again."
+
+The Puritan was ever nicknamed after some Old Testament worthy. I could
+quote many instances, but let two from the author of the "London Diurnall"
+suffice. Addressing Prince Rupert, he says--
+
+    "Let the zeal-twanging nose, that wants a ridge,
+    Snuffling devoutly, drop his silver bridge:
+    Yes, and the gossip's spoon augment the summe,
+    Altho' poor _Caleb_ lose his christendome."
+
+More racy is his attack on Pembroke, as a member of the Mixed Assembly:
+
+    "Forbeare, good Pembroke, be not over-daring:
+    Such company may chance to spoil thy swearing;
+    And these drum-major oaths of bulk unruly
+    May dwindle to a feeble 'by my truly.'
+    He that the noble Percy's blood inherits,
+    Will he strike up a Hotspur of the spirits?
+    He'll fright the _Obediahs_ out of tune,
+    With his uncircumcis-ed Algernoon:
+    A name so stubborne, 'tis not to be scanned
+    By him in Gath with the six fingered hand."
+
+If a Bible quotation was put into the zealot's mouth, his cynical foe took
+care that it should come from the older Scriptures. In George Chapman's
+"An Humorous Day's Work," after Lemot has suggested a "full test of
+experiment" to prove her virtue, Florilla the Puritan cries--
+
+    "O husband, this is perfect trial indeed."
+
+To which the gruff Labervele replies--
+
+    "And you will try all this now, will you not?
+
+    _Florilla._ Yes, my good head: for it is written, we must pass to
+    perfection through all temptation: Abacuk the fourth.
+
+    _Labervele._ Abacuk! cuck me no cucks: in a-doors, I say: thieves,
+    Puritans, murderers! in a-doors, I say!"
+
+In the same facetious strain, Taylor, the Water-poet, addresses a child
+thus:
+
+    "To learne thy duty reade no more than this:
+    Paul's nineteenth chapter unto Genesis."
+
+This certainly tallies with the charge in "Hudibras," that they
+
+    "Corrupted the Old Testament
+    To serve the New as precedent."
+
+This affection for the older Scriptures had its effect upon our
+nomenclature. No book, no story, especially if gloomy in its outline and
+melancholy in its issues, escaped the more morbid Puritan's notice. Every
+minister of the Lord's vengeance, every stern witness against natural
+abomination, the prophet that prophesied ill--these were the names that
+were in favour. And he that was least bitter in his maledictions was most
+at a discount. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were in every-day request,
+Shadrach and Abednego being the favourites. Mordecai, too, was daily
+commemorated; while Jeremiah attained a popularity, as Jeremy, he can
+never altogether lose. "Lamentations" was so melancholy, that it must
+needs be personified, don a Puritanical habit, and stand at the font as
+godfather--I mean witness--to some wretched infant who had done nothing to
+merit such a fate. "Lamentations Chapman" appeared as defendant in a suit
+in Chancery about 1590. The exact date is not to be found, but the case
+was tried towards the close of Elizabeth's reign ("Chancery Suits,
+Elizabeth").
+
+It is really hard to say why names of melancholy import became so common.
+Perhaps it was a spirit morbidly brooding on the religious oppressions of
+the times; perhaps it was bile. Any way, Camden says "Dust" and "Ashes"
+were names in use in the days of Elizabeth and James. These, no doubt,
+were translations of the Hebrew "Aphrah" into the "vulgar tongue," the
+name having become exceedingly common. Micah, in one of the most mournful
+prophecies of the Old Testament, says--
+
+    "Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah
+    roll thyself in the dust."
+
+Literally: "in the house of dust roll thyself in the dust." The name was
+quickly seized upon:
+
+    "Sept., 1599. Baptized Affray, d. of Richard Manne of
+    Lymehus."--Stepney.
+
+    "May 15, 1576. Wedding of William Brickhead and Affera Lawrence."--St.
+    Peter's, Cornhill.
+
+This last entry proves how early the name had arisen. In Kent it had
+become very common. The registers of Canterbury Cathedral teem with it:
+
+    "1601, June 5. Christened Afra, the daughter of William Warriner.
+
+    "1614, Oct. 30. Christened Aphora, the daughter of Mr. Merrewether.
+
+    "1635, July 20. Robert Fuller maryed Apherie Pitt."
+
+In these instances we see at a glance the origin of the licentious Aphra
+Behn's name, which looks so like a _nom-de-plume_, and has puzzled many.
+She was born at Canterbury, with the surname of Johnson, baptized Aphra,
+and married a Dutch merchant named Behn. When acting as a Government spy
+at Antwerp in 1666, she signs a letter "Aphara Behn" (C. S. P.), which is
+nearer the Biblical form than many others. It is just possible her father
+might have rolled himself several times in the dust had he lived to read
+some of his daughter's writings. Their tone is not Puritanic. The name
+has become obsolete; indeed, it scarcely survived the seventeenth century,
+dying out within a hundred years of its rise. But it was very popular in
+its day.
+
+Rachel, in her dying pains, had styled, under deep depression, her babe
+Benoni ("son of my sorrow"); but his father turned it into the more
+cheerful Benjamin ("son of the right hand"). Of course, Puritanism sided
+with the mother, and the Benonis flourished at a ratio of six to one over
+the Benjamins:
+
+    "1607. Christened Benony, sonne of Beniamyn Ruthin,
+    mariner."--Stepney.
+
+    "1661, Dec. 20. Christened Margrett, d. of Bennoni Wallington,
+    goldsmith."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1637, May 6. Order to transmit Benoni Bucke to England from
+    Virginia."--"C. S. P. Colonial."
+
+    "1656, March 25. Petition of Benoni Honeywood."--"C. S. P. Colonial."
+
+I don't think, however, all these mothers died in childbed. It would speak
+badly for the chirurgic skill of the seventeenth century if they did. It
+was the Church of Christ that was in travail.
+
+_Ichabod_ was equally common. There was something hard and unrelenting in
+Jael (already mentioned) that naturally suited the temper of every
+fanatic:
+
+    "1613, July 28. Christened Jaell, d. of Roger Manwaryng,
+    preacher."--St. Helen, Bishopsgate.
+
+Mehetabell had something in it, probably its length, that made it popular
+among the Puritan faction. It lasted well, too:
+
+    "1680, March 24. Married Philip Penn and Mehittabela Hilder."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1693, May 21. Baptized Mehetabell, d. of Jeremiah Hart,
+    apothecary."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+But while Deborah, an especial pet of the fanatics, Sara, Rebecca, Rachel,
+Zipporah, and Leah were in high favour as Old Testament heroines, none had
+such a run as Abigail:
+
+    "1573, Oct. Abigoll Cumberford, christened."--Stepney.
+
+    "1617, Oct. 15. Christened Abbigale, d. of John Webb, shoemaker."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1635, Jan. 19. Married Jarrett Birkhead and Abigaile
+    Whitehead."--Ditto.
+
+    "May 30, 1721. Married Robert Elles and Abigail Six."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Few Scripture names made themselves so popular as this. At the conclusion
+of the sixteenth century it was beginning its career, and by Queen Anne's
+day had reached its zenith. When the Cavalier was drinking at the
+alehouse, he would waggishly chant through his nose, with eye upturned--
+
+    "Come, sisters, and sing
+    An hymne to our king,
+      Who sitteth on high degree.
+    The men at Whitehall,
+    And the wicked, shall fall,
+      And hey, then, up go we!
+    'A match,' quoth my sister Joice,
+      'Contented,' quoth Rachel, too;
+      Quoth Abigaile, 'Yea,' and Faith, 'Verily,'
+      And Charity, 'Let it be so.'"
+
+A curious error has been propagated by writers who ought to have known
+better. It is customarily asserted that abigail, as a cant term for a
+waiting-maid, only arose after Abigail Hill, the Duchess of Marlborough's
+cousin, became waiting-woman to the queen, and supplanted her kinswoman.
+Certainly we find both Swift and Fielding using the term after this event.
+But there is good reason for believing that the sobriquet is as old as
+Charles I.'s reign. Indeed, there can be no reasonable doubt but that we
+owe the term to the enormous popularity of Beaumont's comedy, "The
+Scornful Ladie," written about 1613, and played in 1616. The chief part
+falls to the lot of "Abigal, a waiting-gentlewoman," as the _dramatis
+personæ_ styles her, the playwright associating the name and employment
+after the scriptural narrative. But Beaumont knew his Bible well.
+
+That Abigail at once became a cant term is proved by "The Parson's
+Wedding," written by Killigrew some time between 1645 and 1650. Wanton
+addresses the Parson:
+
+    "Was she deaf to your report?
+      _Parson._ Yes, yes.
+      _Wanton._ And Ugly, her abigail, she had her say, too?
+      _Parson._ Yes, yes."
+
+That this sentence would never have been written but for Beaumont's play,
+there can be no reasonable doubt. It was performed so late as 1783. In
+1673, after yearly performances, it was published as a droll, and entitled
+"The False Heir." In 1742 it appears again under the title of "The Feigned
+Shipwreck." Samuel Pepys, in his Diary, records his visits to the
+playhouse to see "The Scornful Lady" at least four times, viz. 1661, 1662,
+1665, and 1667. Writing December 27, 1665, he says--
+
+    "By coach to the King's Playhouse, and there saw 'The Scornful Lady'
+    well acted: Doll Common doing Abigail most excellently."
+
+Abigail passed out of favour about the middle of the last century, but
+Mrs. Masham's artifices had little to do with it. The comedy had done its
+work, and Abigail coming into use, like Malkin two centuries before, as
+the cant term for a kitchen drab, or common serving wench, as is
+sufficiently proved by the literature of the day, the name lost caste with
+all classes, and was compelled to bid adieu to public favour.
+
+This affection for the Old Testament has never died out among the
+Nonconformists. The large batch of names I have already quoted from modern
+directories is almost wholly from the earlier Testament. Wherever Dissent
+is strong, there will be found a large proportion of these names. Amongst
+the passengers who went out to New England in James and Charles's reigns
+will be found such names as Ebed-meleck Gastrell, Oziell Lane, Ephraim
+Howe, Ezechell Clement, Jeremy Clement, Zachary Cripps, Noah Fletcher,
+Enoch Gould, Zebulon Cunninghame, Seth Smith, Peleg Bucke, Gercyon Bucke
+(Gershom), Rachell Saunders, Lea Saunders, Calebb Carr, Jonathan Franklin,
+Boaz Sharpe, Esau del a Ware, Pharaoh Flinton, Othniell Haggat, Mordecay
+Knight, Obediah Hawes, Gamaliell Ellis, Esaias Raughton, Azarias Pinney,
+Elisha Mallowes, Malachi Mallock, Jonadab Illett, Joshua Long, Enecha
+Fitch (seemingly a feminine of Enoch), and Job Perridge. Occasionally an
+Epenetus Olney, or Nathaniell Patient, or Epaphroditus Haughton, or
+Cornelius Conway, or Feleaman Dickerson (Philemon), or Theophilus Lucas,
+or Annanias Mann is met with; but these are few, and were evidently
+selected for their size, the temptation to poach on apostolic preserves
+being too great when such big game was to be obtained. Besides, they were
+not in the calendar! These names went to Virginia, and they are not
+forgotten.
+
+
+III. OBJECTIONABLE SCRIPTURE NAMES.
+
+Camden says--
+
+    "In times of Christianity, the names of most holy and vertuous
+    persons, and of their most worthy progenitors, were given to stirre up
+    men to the imitation of them, whose names they bare. But succeeding
+    ages, little regarding St. Chrysostome's admonition to the contrary,
+    have recalled prophane names, so as now Diana, Cassandra, Hyppolitus,
+    Venus, Lais, names of unhappy disastre, are as rife somewhere, as ever
+    they were in Paganisme."--"Remaines," p. 43.
+
+The most cursory survey of our registers proves this. Captain Hercules
+Huncks and Ensign Neptune Howard fought under the Earl of Northumberland
+in 1640 (Peacock's "Army List of Roundheads and Cavaliers"). Both were
+Royalists.
+
+    "1643, Feb. 6. Buried Paris, son of William and Margaret Lee."--St.
+    Michael, Spurriergate, York.
+
+    "1670, March 13. Baptized Cassandra, d. of James Smyth."--Banbury.
+
+    "1679, July 2. Buried Cassandra, ye wife of Edward Williams."--St.
+    Michael, Barbados, (Hotten).
+
+    "1631, May 26. Married John Cotton and Venus[18] Levat."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+Cartwright, the great Puritan, attacked these names in 1575, as "savouring
+of paganism" (Neal, v. p. xv. Appendix). It was a pity he did not include
+some names in the list of his co-religionists, for surely Tamar and Dinah
+were just as objectionable as Venus or Lais. The doctrine of a fallen
+nature could be upheld, and the blessed state of self-abasement
+maintained, without a daily reminder in the shape of a Bible name of evil
+repute. Bishop Corbett brought it as a distinct charge against the
+Puritans, that they loved to select the most unsavoury stories of Old
+Testament history for their converse. In the "Maypole" he makes a zealot
+minister say--
+
+    "To challenge liberty and recreation,
+    Let it be done in holy contemplation.
+    Brothers and sisters in the fields may walk,
+    Beginning of the Holy Word to talk:
+    Of David and Uria's lovely wife,
+    Of Tamar and her lustful brother's strife."
+
+One thing is certain, these names became popular:
+
+    "1610, March. Baptized Bathsheba, d. of John Hamond, of
+    Ratcliffe."--Stepney.
+
+    "1672, Feb. 23. Buried Bathsheba, wife of Richard Brinley,
+    hosier."--St. Denis Backchurch.
+
+The alternate form of Bath-shua (1 Chron. iii. 5) was used, although the
+clerks did not always know how to spell it:
+
+    "1609, July 1. Baptized Bathshira and Tabitha, daughters of Sir
+    Antonie Dering, Knight.
+
+    "1609, July 5. Buried Bathshira and Tabitha, ds. of Sir Antonie
+    Dering, Knight, being twines."--Pluckley, Kent.
+
+    "1601, Jan. Baptized Thamar, d. of Henry Reynold."--Stepney.
+
+    "1691, Nov. 20. Baptized Tamar, d. of Francis and Tamar Lee."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1698, April 10. Buried Tamar, wife of Richard Robinson, of
+    Fell-foot."--Cartmel.
+
+As for Dinah, she became a great favourite from her first introduction;
+every register contains her name before Elizabeth's death:
+
+    "1585, Aug. 15. Christening of Dina, d. of John Lister, barbor.
+
+    "1591, Aug. 21. Buried Mrs. Dina Walthall, a vertuous yong woman, 30
+    years."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Crossing the Atlantic with the Pilgrim Fathers, she settled down at length
+as the typical negress; yet Puritan writers admitted that when she "went
+out to see the daughters of the land," she meant to be seen of the sons
+also!
+
+Taylor, the Water-poet, seems to imply that Goliath was registered at
+baptism by the Puritan:
+
+    "Quoth he, 'what might the child baptized be?
+    Was it a male She, or a female He?'--
+    'I know not what, but 'tis a Son,' she said.--
+    'Nay then,' quoth he, 'a wager may be laid
+    It had some Scripture name.'--'Yes, so it had,'
+    Said she: 'but my weak memory's so bad,
+    I have forgot it: 'twas a godly name,
+    Tho' out of my remembrance be the same:
+    'Twas one of the small prophets verily:
+    'Twas not Esaias, nor yet Jeremy,
+    Ezekiel, Daniel, nor good Obadiah,
+    Ah, now I do remember, 'twas Goliah!'"
+
+Pharaoh occurs, and went out to Virginia, where it has ever since
+remained. It is, as already shown, familiar enough in Yorkshire.
+
+Of New Testament names, whose associations are of evil repute, we may
+mention Ananias, Sapphira, and Antipas. Ananias had become so closely
+connected with Puritanism, that not only did Dryden poke fun at the
+relationship in the "Alchemist," but _Ananias Dulman_ became the cant term
+for a long-winded zealot preacher. So says Neal.
+
+    "1603, Sep. 12. Buried Ananias, sonne of George Warren, 17
+    years."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1621, Sep. Baptized Ananias, son of Ananias Jarratt,
+    glassmaker."--Stepney.
+
+_Sapphira_ occurs in Bunhill Fields:
+
+    "Here lyeth the body of Mrs. Sapphira Lightmaker, wife of Mr. Edward
+    Lightmaker, of Broadhurst, in Sussex, gent. She died in the Lorde,
+    Dec. 20, 1704, aged 81 years."
+
+She was therefore born in 1633. Her brother (they were brought up
+Presbyterians) was Robert Leighton, who died Archbishop of Glasgow.
+
+_Drusilla_, again, was objectionable, but perchance her character was less
+historically known then:
+
+    "1622. Baptized Drusilla, d. of Thomas Davis."--Ludlow.
+
+_Antipas_, curiously enough, was almost popular, although a murderer and
+an adulterer:
+
+    "1633, Feb. 28. Baptized Antipas, sonne of Robert Barnes, of
+    Shadwell."--Stepney.
+
+    "1662. Petition of Antipas Charrington."--"Cal. St. P. Dom."
+
+    "1650. Antipas Swinnerton, Tedbury, wollman."--"Tokens of Seventeenth
+    Century."
+
+Dr. Increase Mather, the eminent Puritan, in his work entitled "Remarkable
+Providences," published at Boston, U.S.A., in 1684, has a story of an
+interposition in behalf of his friend Antipas Newman.
+
+Of other instances, somewhat later, _Sehon_ Stace, who lived in Warding in
+1707 ("Suss. Arch. Coll.," xii. 254), commemorates the King of the
+Amorites, _Milcom_ Groat ("Cal. St. P.," 1660) representing on English
+soil "the abomination of the children of Ammon." Dr. Pusey and Mr.
+Spurgeon might be excused a little astonishment at such a conversion by
+baptism.
+
+_Barrabas_ cannot be considered a happy choice:
+
+    "Buried, 1713, Oct. 18, Barabas, sonne of Barabas
+    Bowen."--All-Hallows, Barking.
+
+Mr. Maskell draws attention to the name in his history of that church.
+There is something so emphatic about "now Barrabas was a robber," that
+thoughts of theft seem proper to the very name. We should have locked up
+the spoons, we feel sure, had father or son called upon us. The father who
+called his son "Judas-not-Iscariot" scarcely cleared the name of its evil
+associations, nor would it quite meet the difficulty suggested by the
+remark in "Tristram Shandy:"
+
+    "Your Billy, sir--would you for the world have called him Judas?...
+    Would you, sir, if a Jew of a godfather had proposed the name of your
+    child, and offered you his purse along with it--would you have
+    consented to such a desecration of him?"
+
+We have all heard the story of Beelzebub. If the child had been
+inadvertently so baptized, a remedy might have been found in former days
+by changing the name at confirmation. Until 1552, the bishop confirmed by
+name. Archbishop Peccham laid down a rule:
+
+    "The minister shall take care not to permit wanton names, which being
+    pronounced do sound to lasciviousness, to be given to children
+    baptized, especially of the female sex: and if otherwise it be done,
+    the same shall be changed by the bishop at confirmation."
+
+That this law had been carelessly followed after the Reformation is clear,
+else Venus Levat, already quoted, would not have been married in 1631
+under that name. Certainly Dinah and Tamar come under the ban of this
+injunction.
+
+Curiously enough, the change of name was sanctioned in the case of
+orthodox names, for Lord Coke says--
+
+    "If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his
+    confirmation by the Bishop, he is named John, his name of confirmation
+    shall stand."
+
+He then quotes the case of Sir Francis Gawdie, Chief Justice of the Court
+of Common Pleas, whose name by baptism was Thomas, Thomas being changed to
+Francis at confirmation. He holds that Francis shall stand ("Institutes,"
+1. iii.). This practice manifestly arose out of Peccham's rule, but it is
+strange that wanton instances should be left unchanged, and the orthodox
+allowed to be altered.
+
+Arising out of the Puritan error of permitting names like Tamar and Dinah
+to stand, modern eccentricity has gone very far, and it would be
+satisfactory to see many names in use at present forbidden. I need not
+quote the Venuses of our directories. Emanuel is of an opposite character,
+and should be considered blasphemy. We have not adopted Christ yet, as Dr.
+Doran reminded us they have done in Germany, but my copy of the London
+Directory shows at least one German, bearing the baptismal name of Christ,
+at present dwelling in the metropolis. Puritan eccentricity is a trifle to
+this.
+
+
+IV. LOSSES.
+
+(_a._) _The Destruction of Pet Forms._
+
+But let us now notice some of the more disastrous effects of the great
+Hebrew invasion. The most important were the partial destruction of the
+nick forms, and the suppression of diminutives. The English pet names
+disappeared, never more to return. Desinences in "cock," "kin," "elot,"
+"ot," "et," "in," and "on," are no more found in current literature, nor
+in the clerk's register. Why should this be so? An important reason
+strikes us at once. The ecclesiastic names on which the enclytics had
+grown had become unpopular well-nigh throughout England. It was an
+English, not a Puritan prejudice. With the suppression of the names proper
+went the desinences attached to them. The tree being felled, the parasite
+decayed. Another reason was this: the names introduced from the Scriptures
+did not seem to compound comfortably with these terminatives. The Hebrew
+name would first have to be turned into a nick form before the diminutive
+was appended. The English peasantry had added "_in_," "_ot_," "_kin_," and
+"_cock_" only to the _nickname_, never to the baptismal form. It was
+Wat-kin, not Walterkin; Bat-kin, not Bartholomewkin; Wilcock, not
+Williamcock; Colin, not Nicholas-in; Philpot, not Philipot. But the
+popular feeling for a century was against turning the new Scripture names
+into curt nick forms. As it would have been an absurdity to have appended
+diminutives to sesquipedalian names, national wit, rather than deliberate
+plan, prevented it. If it was irreverent, too, to curtail Scripture names,
+it was equally irreverent to give them the diminutive dress. To prove the
+absolute truth of my statement, I have only to remind the reader that,
+saving "Nat-kin," not one single Bible name introduced by the Reformation
+and the English Bible has become conjoined with a diminutive.[19]
+
+The immediate consequence was this; the diminutive forms became obsolete.
+Emmott lingered on till the end of the seventeenth century; nay, got into
+the eighteenth:
+
+    "Emmit, d. of Edward and Ann Buck, died 24 April, 1726, aged 6
+    years."--Hawling, Gloucester.
+
+But it was only where it was not known as a form of Emma, and possibly
+both might exist in the same household. I have already furnished instances
+of Hamlet. Here is another:
+
+    "The Rev. Hamlet Marshall, D.D., died in the Close, Lincoln, in 1652.
+    With him dwelt his nephew, Hamlet Joyce. He bequeaths legacies in his
+    will to Hamlet Pickerin and Hamlet Duncalf, and his executor was his
+    son, Hamlet Marshall."--_Notes and Queries_, February 14, 1880.
+
+It lasted till the eighteenth century. But nobody knew by that time that
+it was a pet name of Hamon, or Hamond; nay, few knew that the surname of
+Hammond had ever been a baptismal name at all:
+
+    "1620, Jan. 3. Buried Hamlet Rigby, Mr. Askew's man."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1620. Petition of Hamond Franklin."--"Cal. S. P. Dom.," 1619-1623.
+
+It is curious to notice that Mr. Hovenden, in his "Canterbury Register,"
+published 1878, for the Harleian Society, has the following entries:--
+
+    "1627, Aprill 3. Christened Ham'on, the sonn of Richard Struggle."
+
+    "1634. Jan. 18. Christened Damaris, daughter of Mr. Ham'on Leucknor."
+
+Turning to the index, the editor has styled them _Hamilton_ Struggle and
+_Hamilton_ Leucknor. Ham'on, of course, is Hammon, or Hammond. I may add
+that some ecclesiastic, a critic of my book on "English Surnames," in the
+_Guardian_, rebuked me for supposing that Emmot could be from Emma, and
+calmly put it down as a form of Aymot! What can prove the effect of the
+Reformation on old English names as do such incidents as these?
+
+An English monarch styled his favourite Peter Gaveston as "Piers," a form
+that was sufficiently familiar to readers of history; but when an
+antiquary, some few years ago, found this same Gaveston described as
+"Perot," it became a difficulty to not a few. The Perrots or Parratts of
+our London Directory might have told them of the old-fashioned diminutive
+that had been knocked on the head with a Hebrew Bible.
+
+Collet, from Nicholas, used as a feminine name, died out also. The last
+instance I know of is--
+
+    "1629, Jan. 15. Married Thomas Woollard and Collatt Hargrave."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Colin, the other pet form, having got into our pastoral poetry, lingered
+longer, and may be said to be still alive:
+
+    "1728. Married Colin Foster and Beulah Digby."--Somerset House Chapel.
+
+The last Wilmot I have discovered is a certain Wilmote Adams, a defendant
+in a Chancery suit at the end of Elizabeth's reign ("Chancery Suits:
+Elizabeth"), and the last Philpot is dated 1575:
+
+    "1575, Aug. 26. Christened Philpott, a chylde that was laide at Mr
+    Alderman Osberne's gatt."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+All the others perished by the time James I. was king. Guy, or Wyatt,
+succumbed entirely, and the same may be said of the rest. Did we require
+further confirmation of this, I need only inquire: Would any Yorkshireman
+now, as he reads over shop-fronts in towns like Leeds or Bradford, or in
+the secluded villages of Wensleydale or Swaledale, the surnames of Tillot
+and Tillotson, Emmett and Emmotson, Ibbott, Ibbet, Ibbs, and Ibbotson,
+know that, twenty years before the introduction of our English Bible,
+these were not merely the familiar pet names of Matilda, Emma, and
+Isabella, but that as a trio they stood absolutely first in the scale of
+frequency? Nay, they comprised more than forty-five per cent. of the
+female population.
+
+The last registered Ibbot or Issot I have seen is in the Chancery suits at
+the close of Queen Bess's reign, wherein Ibote Babyngton and Izott Barne
+figure in some legal squabbles ("Chancery Suits: Elizabeth," vol. ii.). As
+for Sissot, or Drewet, or Doucet, or Fawcett, or Hewet, or Philcock, or
+Jeffcock, or Batkin, or Phippin, or Lambin, or Perrin, they have passed
+away--their place knoweth them no more. What a remarkable revolution is
+this, and so speedy!
+
+Failing our registers, the question may arise whether or not in familiar
+converse the old pet forms were still used. Our ballads and plays preserve
+many of the nick forms, but scarcely a pet form is to be seen later than
+1590. In 1550 Nicholas Udall wrote "Ralph Roister Doister," in the very
+commencement of which Matthew Merrygreek "says or sings"--
+
+    "Sometime Lewis Loiterer biddeth me come near:
+    Somewhiles _Watkin_ Waster maketh us good cheer."
+
+Amongst the _dramatis personæ_ are _Dobinet_ Doughty, Sim Suresby, Madge
+Mumblecrust, _Tibet_ Talkapace, and _Annot_ Aliface. A few years later
+came "Gammer Gurton's Needle." Both _Diccon_ and Hodge figure in it: two
+rustics of the most bucolic type. Hodge, after relating how Gib the cat
+had licked the milk-pan clean, adds--
+
+    "Gog's souls, _Diccon_, Gib our cat had eat the bacon too."
+
+Immediately after this, again, in 1568 was printed "Like will to Like."
+The chief characters are Tom Tosspot, _Hankin_ Hangman, Pierce Pickpurse,
+and Nichol Newfangle. Wat Waghalter is also introduced. But here may be
+said to end this homely and contemporary class of play-names. 'Tis true,
+in Beaumont and Fletcher's "Beggar's Bush," Higgen (_Higgin_) is one of
+the "three knavish beggars," but the scene is laid in Flanders.
+
+Judging by our songs and comedies, the diminutive forms went down with
+terrible rapidity, and were practically obsolete before Elizabeth's death.
+But this result was more the work of the Reformation at large than
+Puritanism.
+
+
+(_b._) _The Decrease of Nick Forms._
+
+This was not all. The nick forms saw themselves reduced to straits. The
+new godly names, I have said, were not to be turned into irreverent cant
+terms. From the earliest day of the Reformation every man who gave his
+child a Bible name stuck to it unaltered. Ebenezer at baptism was Ebenezer
+among the turnips, Ebenezer with the milk-pail, and Ebenezer in courtship;
+while Deborah, who did not become Deb till Charles I.'s reign, would
+Ebenezer him till the last day she had done scolding him, and put
+"Ebenezer" carefully on his grave, to prove how happily they had lived
+together!
+
+As for the zealot who gradually forged his way to the front, he gave his
+brother and sister in the Lord the full benefit of his or her title,
+whether it was five syllables or seven. There can be no doubt that these
+Hebrew names did not readily adapt themselves to ordinary converse with
+the world. Melchisedek and Ebedmelech were all right elbowing their way
+into the conventicle, but Melchisedek dispensing half-pounds of butter
+over the counter, or Ebedmelech carrying milk-pails from door to door,
+gave people a kind of shock. These grand assumptions suggested knavery.
+One feels certain that our great-grandmothers had a suspicion of tallow in
+the butter, and Jupiter Pluvius in the pail.
+
+Nor did these excavated names harmonize with the surnames to which they
+were yoked. Adoniram was quaint enough without Byfield, but both (as
+Butler, in "Hudibras," knew) suggested something slightly ludicrous. Byron
+took a mean advantage of this when he attacked poor Cottle, the bookseller
+and would-be writer:
+
+    "O Amos Cottle! Phoebus! what a name
+    To fill the speaking trump of future fame!
+    O Amos Cottle! for a moment think
+    What meagre profits spring from pen and ink."
+
+Amos is odd, but Amos united to Cottle makes a smile irresistible.
+
+Who does not agree with Wilkes, who, when speaking to Johnson of Dryden's
+would-be rival, the city poet, says--
+
+    "Elkanah Settle sounds so queer, who can expect much from that name?
+    We should have no hesitation to give it for John Dryden, in preference
+    to Elkanah Settle, from the names only, without knowing their
+    different merits"?
+
+And Sterne, as the elder Disraeli reminds us, in one of his multitudinous
+digressions from the life of "Tristram Shandy," makes the progenitor of
+that young gentleman turn absolutely melancholy, as he conjures up a
+vision of all the men who
+
+    "might have done exceeding well in the world, had not their characters
+    and spirits been totally depressed, and Nicodemas'd into nothing."
+
+Even Oliver Goldsmith cannot resist styling the knavish seller of green
+spectacles by a conjunction of Hebrew and English titles as Ephraim
+Jenkinson; and his servant, who acts the part of a Job Trotter (another
+Old Testament worthy, again) to his master, is, of course, Abraham!
+
+But, oddly as such combinations strike upon the modern tympanum, what must
+not the effect have been in a day when a nickname was popular according as
+it was curt? How would men rub their eyes in sheer amazement, when such
+conjunctions as Ebedmelech Gastrell, or Epaphroditus Haughton, or
+Onesiphorus Dixey, were introduced to their notice, pronounced with all
+sesquipedalian fulness, following upon the very heels of a long epoch of
+traditional one-syllabled Ralphs, Hodges, Hicks, Wats, Phips, Bates, and
+Balls (Baldwin). Conceive the amazement at such registrations as these:
+
+    "1599, Sep. 23. Christened Aholiab, sonne of Michaell Nicolson,
+    cordwainer."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1569, June 1. Christened Ezekiell, sonne of Robert Pownall."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1582, April 1. Christened Melchisadeck, sonne of Melchizadeck Bennet,
+    poulter."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1590, Dec. 20. Christened Abacucke, sonne of John Tailer."--Ditto.
+
+    "1595, Nov. Christened Zabulon, sonne of John Griffin."--Stepney.
+
+    "1603, Sep. 15. Buried Melchesideck King."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1645, July 19. Buried Edward, sonne of Mephibosheth Robins."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1660, Nov. 5. Buried Jehostiaphat (_sic_) Star."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1611, Oct. 21. Baptized Zipporah, d. of Richard Beere, of
+    Wapping."--Stepney.
+
+The "Chancery Suits" of Elizabeth contain a large batch of such names; and
+I have already enumerated a list of "Pilgrim Fathers" of James's reign,
+whose baptisms would be recorded in the previous century.
+
+But compare this with the fact that the leading men in England at this
+very time were recognized only by the curtest of abbreviated names. In
+that very quaint poem of Heywood's, "The Hierarchie of Blessed Angels,"
+the author actually makes it the ground of an affected remonstrance:
+
+    "Marlowe, renowned for his rare art and wit,
+    Could ne'er attain beyond the name of _Kit_,
+    Although his _Hero and Leander_ did
+    Merit addition rather. Famous Kid
+    Was called but _Tom_. _Tom_ Watson, though he wrote
+    Able to make Apollo's self to dote
+    Upon his muse, for all that he could strive,
+    Yet never could to his full name arrive.
+    _Tom_ Nash, in his time of no small esteem,
+    Could not a second syllable redeem.
+
+      *       *       *       *       *
+
+    Mellifluous Shakespeare, whose enchanting quill
+    Commanded mirth or passion, was but _Will_:
+    And famous Jonson, though his learned pen
+    Be dipped in Castaly, is still but _Ben_."
+
+However, in the end, he attributes the familiarity to the right cause:
+
+                        "I, for my part,
+    Think others what they please, accept that heart
+    That courts my love in most familiar phrase;
+    And that it takes not from my pains or praise,
+    If any one to me so bluntly come:
+    I hold he loves me best that calls me _Tom_."
+
+It is Sir Christopher, the curate, who, in "The Ordinary," rebels against
+"Kit:"
+
+      "_Andrew._ What may I call your name, most reverend sir?
+      _Bagshot._ His name's Sir Kit.
+      _Christopher._ My name is not so short:
+    'Tis a trisyllable, an't please your worship;
+    But vulgar tongues have made bold to profane it
+    With the short sound of that unhallowed idol
+    They call a kit. Boy, learn more reverence!
+      _Bagshot._ Yes, to my betters."
+
+We need not wonder, therefore, that the comedists took their fun out of
+the new custom, especially in relation to their length and pronunciation
+in full. In Cowley's "Cutter of Colman Street," Cutter turns Puritan, and
+thus addresses the colonel's widow, Tabitha:
+
+    "Sister Barebottle, I must not be called Cutter any more: that is a
+    name of Cavalier's darkness; the Devil was a Cutter from the
+    beginning: my name is now Abednego: I had a vision which whispered to
+    me through a key-hole, 'Go, call thyself Abednego.'"
+
+In his epilogue to this same comedy, Cutter is supposed to address the
+audience as a "congregation of the elect," the playhouse is a conventicle,
+and he is a "pious cushion-thumper." Gazing about the theatre, he
+says--through his nose, no doubt--
+
+    "But yet I wonder much not to espy a
+    Brother in all this court called Zephaniah."
+
+This is a better rhyme even than Butler's
+
+    "Their dispensations had been stifled
+    But for our Adoniram Byfield."
+
+In Brome's "Covent Garden Weeded," the arrival at the vintner's door is
+thus described:
+
+    "_Rooksbill._ Sure you mistake him, sir.
+
+    _Vintner._ You are welcome, gentlemen: Will, Harry, Zachary!
+
+    _Gabriel._ Zachary is a good name.
+
+    _Vintner._ Where are you? Shew up into the Phoenix."--Act. ii. sc. 2.
+
+The contrast between Will or Harry, the nick forms, and Zachary,[20] the
+full name, is intentionally drawn, and Gabriel instantly rails at it.
+
+In "Bartholomew Fair," half the laughter that convulsed Charles II., his
+courtiers, and courtezans, was at the mention of _Ezekiel_, the cut-purse,
+or _Zeal-of-the-land_, the baker, who saw visions; while the veriest
+noodle in the pit saw the point of Squire Cokes' perpetually addressing
+his body-man Humphrey in some such style as this:
+
+    "O, Numps! are you here, Numps? Look where I am, Numps, and Mistress
+    Grace, too! Nay, do not look so angrily, Numps: my sister is here and
+    all, I do not come without her."
+
+How the audience would laugh and cheer at a sally that was simply
+manufactured of a repetition of the good old-fashioned name for Humphrey;
+and thus a passage that reads as very dull fun indeed to the ears of the
+nineteenth century, would seem to be brimful of sarcastic allusion to the
+popular audience of the seventeenth, especially when spoken by such lips
+as Wintersels.
+
+The same effect was attempted and attained in the "Alchemist." Subtle
+addresses the deacon:
+
+      "What's your name?
+      _Ananias._ My name is Ananias.
+      _Subtle._                  Out, the varlet
+    That cozened the Apostles! Hence away!
+    Flee, mischief! had your holy consistory
+    No name to send me, of another sound,
+    Than wicked Ananias? Send your elders
+    Hither, to make atonement for you, quickly,
+    And give me satisfaction: or out goes
+    The fire ...
+    If they stay threescore minutes; the aqueity,
+    Terreity, and sulphureity
+    Shall run together again, and all be annulled,
+    Thou wicked Ananias!"
+
+Exit Ananias, and no wonder. Of course, the pit would roar at the expense
+of Ananias. But Abel, the tobacco-man, who immediately appears in his
+place, is addressed familiarly as "Nab:"
+
+      "_Face._ Abel, thou art made.
+      _Abel._ Sir, I do thank his worship.
+      _Face._ Six o' thy legs more will not do it, Nab.
+    He has brought you a pipe of tobacco, doctor.
+      _Abel._ Yes, sir; I have another thing I would impart----
+      _Face._ Out with it, Nab.
+      _Abel._                   Sir, there is lodged hard by me
+    A rich young widow."
+
+To some readers there will be little point in this. They will say "Abel,"
+as an Old Testament name, should neither have been given to an
+un-puritanic character, nor ought it to have been turned into a nickname.
+This would never have occurred to the audience. Abel, or Nab, had been one
+of the most popular of English names for at least three centuries before
+the Reformation. Hence it was _never_ used by the Puritans, and was, as a
+matter of course, the undisturbed property of their enemies. Three
+centuries of bad company had ruined Nab's morals. The zealot would none of
+it.[21]
+
+But from all this it will be seen that a much better fight was made in
+behalf of the old nick forms than of the diminutives. By a timely rally,
+Tom, Jack, Dick, and Harry were carried, against all hindrances, into the
+Restoration period, and from that time they were safe. Wat, Phip, Hodge,
+Bat or Bate, and Cole lost their position, but so had the fuller Philip,
+Roger, Bartholomew, and Nicholas, But the opponents of Puritanism carried
+the war into the enemy's camp in revenge for this, and Priscilla, Deborah,
+Jeremiah, and Nathaniel, although they were rather of the Reformation than
+Puritanic introductions, were turned by the time of Charles I. into the
+familiar nick forms of Pris, Deb, Jerry, and Nat. The licentious Richard
+Brome, in "The New Academy," even attempts a curtailment of Nehemiah:
+
+    "_Lady Nestlecock._ Negh, Negh!
+    _Nehemiah._ Hark! my mother comes.
+    _Lady N._ Where are you, childe? Negh!
+    _Nehemiah._ I hear her _neighing_ after me."
+                                          Act iv. sc. 1. (1658).
+
+It was never tried out of doors, however, and the experiment was not
+repeated. Brome was still more scant in reverence to Damaris. In "Covent
+Garden Weeded" Madge begins "the dismal story:"
+
+    "This gentlewoman whose name is Damaris----
+
+    _Nich._ Damyris, stay: her nickname then is Dammy: so we may call her
+    when we grow familiar; and to begin that familiarity--Dammy, here's to
+    you. (_Drinks._)"
+
+After this she is Dammy in the mouth of Nicholas throughout the play.
+This, too, was a failure. Indeed, it demonstrates a remarkable reverence
+for their Bible on the part of the English race, that every attempt to
+turn one of its names into a nick form (saving in some three or four
+instances) has ignominiously failed. We mean, of course, since the
+Reformation.
+
+The Restoration was a great restoration of nick forms. Such names as had
+survived were again for a while in full favour, and the reader has only
+to turn to the often coarse ballads and songs contained in such
+collections as Tom d'Urfey's "Pills to Purge Melancholy" to see how Nan,
+Sis, Sib, Kate, and Doll had been brought back to popular favour. It was
+but a spurt, however, in the main. As the lascivious reaction from the
+Puritanic strait-lacedness in some degree spent itself, so did the newly
+restored fashion, and when the eighteenth century brought in a fresh
+innovation, viz. the _classic_ forms, such as Beatrix, Maria, Lætitia,
+Carolina, Louisa, Amelia, Georgina, Dorothea, Prudentia, Honora--an
+innovation that for forty years ran like an epidemic through every class
+of society, and was sarcastically alluded to by Goldsmith in Miss Carolina
+Wilhelmina Amelia Skeggs, and the sisters Olivia and Sophia--the old nick
+forms once more bade adieu to English society, and now enjoy but a partial
+favour. But Bill, Tom, Dick, and Harry still hold on like grim death. Long
+may they continue to do so!
+
+
+(_c._) _The Decay of Saint and Festival Names._
+
+There were some serious losses in hagiology. Names that had figured in the
+calendar for centuries fared badly; Simon, Peter, Nicholas, Bartholomew,
+Philip, and Matthew, from being first favourites, lapsed into comparative
+oblivion. Some virgins and martyrs of extra-Biblical repute, like Agnes,
+Ursula, Catharine, Cecilia, or Blaze, crept into the registers of
+Charles's reign, but they had then become but shadows of their former
+selves.
+
+'Sis' is often found in D'Urfey's ballads, but it only proves the songs
+themselves were old ones, or at any rate the choruses, for Cecilia was
+practically obsolete:
+
+    "1574, Oct. 8. Buried Cisly Weanewright, ye carter's wife."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1578, June 1. Buried Cissellye, wife of Gilles Lambe."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1547, Dec. 26. Married Thomas Bodnam and Urcylaye Watsworth."--Ditto.
+
+    "1654, Sep. 20. Buried Ursley, d. of John Fife."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+It was now that Awdry gave way:
+
+    "1576, Sept. 7. Buryed Awdry, the widow of -- Seward."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1610, May 27. Baptized Awdrey, d. of John Cooke, butcher."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+St. Blaze,[22] the patron saint of wool-combers and the _nom-de-plume_ of
+Gil Blas, has only a church or two to recall his memory to us now. But he
+lived into Charles's reign:
+
+    "Blaze Winter was master of Stodmarsh Hospital, when it was
+    surrendered to Queen Elizabeth, 1575."--Hasted's "History of Kent."
+
+    "1550, May 23. Baptized Blaze, daughter of -- Goodwinne."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1555, Julie 21. Wedding of Blase Sawlter and Collis Smith."--Ditto.
+
+    "1662, May 6. Blase Whyte, one of ye minor cannons, to Mrs. Susanna
+    Wright, widow."--Cant. Cath.
+
+This is the last instance I have seen. Hillary shared the same fate:
+
+    "1547, Jan. 30. Married Hillarye Finch and Jane Whyte."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1557, June 27. Wedding of Hillary Wapolle and Jane Garret."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1593, Jan. 20. Christening of Hillary, sonne of Hillary Turner,
+    draper."--Ditto.
+
+Bride is rarely found in England now:
+
+    "1556, May 22. Baptized Bryde, daughter of -- Stoakes.
+
+    "1553, Nov. 27. Baptized Bryde, daughter of -- Faunt."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+Benedict, which for three hundred years had been known as Bennet, as
+several London churches can testify, became well-nigh extinct; but the
+feminine Benedicta, with Bennet for its shortened form, suddenly arose on
+its ashes, and flourished for a time:
+
+    "1517, Jan. 28. Wedding of William Stiche and Bennet Bennet,
+    widow."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1653, Sep. 29. Married Richard Moone to Benedicta Rolfe."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1575, Jan. 25. Baptized Bennett, son of John Langdon."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+These feminines are sometimes bothering. Look, for instance, at this:
+
+    "1596, Feb. 6. Wedding of William Bromley and Mathew Barnet, maiden,
+    of this parish."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1655, Sep. 24. Married Thomas Budd, miller, and Mathew Larkin,
+    spinster."--Ditto.
+
+The true spelling should have been Mathea, which, previous to the
+Reformation, had been given to girls born on St. Matthew's Day.[23] The
+nick form _Mat_ changed sexes. In "Englishmen for my Money" Walgrave
+says--
+
+    "Nay, stare not, look you here: no monster I, But even plain Ned, and
+    here stands Mat my wife."
+
+Appoline, all of whose teeth were extracted at her martyrdom with pincers,
+was a favourite saint for appeal against toothache. In the Homily "Against
+the Perils of Idolatry," it is said--
+
+    "All diseases have their special saints, as gods, the curers of them:
+    the toothache, St. Appoline."[24]
+
+Scarcely any name for girls was more common than this for a time; up to
+the Commonwealth period it contrived to exist. Take St. Peter, Cornhill,
+alone:
+
+    "1593, Jan. 13. Christened Apeline, d. of John Moris, clothworker.
+
+    "1609, M{ch}. 11. Christened Apoline, d. of Will{m}. Burton, marchant.
+
+    "1617, June 29. Buried Appelyna, d. of Thomas Church."
+
+Names from the great Church festivals fared as badly as those from the
+hagiology. The high day of the ecclesiastical calendar is Easter. We have
+more relics of this festival than any other. Pasche Oland or Pascoe Kerne
+figure in the Chancery suits of Elizabeth. Long before this the Hundred
+Rolls had given us a _Huge fil. Pasche_, and a contemporary record
+contained an _Antony Pascheson_. The different forms lingered till the
+Commonwealth:
+
+    "1553, M{ch}. 23. Baptized Pascall, son of John Davye."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1651, M{ch}. 18. Married Thomas Strato and Paskey Prideaux."--St.
+    Peter's, Cornhill.
+
+    "1747, May 4. Baptized Rebekah, d. of Pasko and Sarah Crocker."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1582, June 14. Baptized Pascow, son-in-law of Pascowe John."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+Pascha Turner, widow, was sister of Henry Parr, Bishop of Worcester.
+
+The more English "Easter" had a longer survival, but this arose from its
+having become confounded with Esther. To this mistake it owes the fact
+that it lived till the commencement of the present century:
+
+    "April, 1505. Christened Easter, daughter of Thomas Coxe, of
+    Wapping."--Stepney.
+
+    "May 27, 1764. Buried Easter Lewis, aged 56 years."--Lidney, Glouc.
+
+    "July 27, 1654. Married Thomas Burton, marriner, and Easter
+    Taylor."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+_Epiphany_, or _Theophania_ (shortened to Tiffany), was popular with both
+sexes, but the ladies got the chief hold of it.
+
+    "Megge Merrywedyr, and Sabyn Sprynge,
+    Tiffany Twynkeler, fayle for no thynge,"
+
+says one of our old mysteries. This form succumbed at the Reformation.
+Tyffanie Seamor appears as defendant about 1590, however ("Chancery Suits:
+Eliz."), and in Cornwall the name reached the seventeenth century:
+
+    "1594, Nov. 7. Baptized Typhenie, daughter of Sampson Bray.
+
+    "1600, June 21. Baptized Tiffeny, daughter of Harry Hake."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+The following is from Banbury register:
+
+    "1586, Jan. 9. Baptized Epiphane, ye sonne of Ambrose Bentley."[25]
+
+Epiphany Howarth records his name also about 1590 ("Chancery Suits:
+Eliz."), and a few years later he is once more met with in a State paper
+(C. S. P. 1623-25):
+
+    "1623, June. Account of monies paid by Epiphan Haworth, of
+    Herefordshire, recusant, since Nov. 11, 1611, £6 10 0."
+
+This Epiphan is valuable as showing the transition state between Epiphania
+and Ephin, the latter being the form that ousted all others:
+
+    "1563, March 14. Christening of Ephin King, d. of -- King.
+
+    "1564, June 30. Christening of Effam, d. of John Adlington.
+
+    "1620, March 30. Frauncis, sonne of Alexander Brounescome, and Effym,
+    his wife, brought a bead at Mr. Vowell's house.
+
+    "1635, Jan. 28. Buried Epham Vowell, widow."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+But Ephin was not a long liver, and by the time of the Restoration had
+wholly succumbed. The last entry I have seen is in the Westminster Abbey
+register:
+
+    "1692, Jan. 25. Buried Eppifania Cakewood, an almsman's wife."
+
+Pentecost was more sparely used. In the "Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in
+Turri Londonensi" occur both Pentecost de London (1221) and Pentecost
+Servicus, and a servitor of Henry III. bore the only name of "Pentecost"
+("Inquis., 13 Edw. I.," No. 13). This name was all but obsolete soon after
+the Reformation set in, but it lingered on till the end of the seventeenth
+century.
+
+    "1577, May 25. Baptized Pentecost, daughter of Robert Rosegan."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1610, May 27. Baptized Pentecost, d. of William Tremain."--Ditto.
+
+    "August 7, 1696. Pentecost, daughter of Mr. Ezekel and Pentecost Hall,
+    merchant, born and baptized."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Noel shared the same fate. The Hundred Rolls furnish a Noel de Aubianis,
+while the "Materials for a History of Henry VII." (p. 503) mentions a
+Nowell Harper:
+
+    "1486, July 16. General pardon to Nowell Harper, late of Boyleston,
+    co. Derby, gent."
+
+    "1545, Dec. 20. Baptized Nowell, son of William Mayhowe."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+    "1580, March 1. Baptized James, son of Nowell Mathew."--Ditto.
+
+    "1627. Petition of Nowell Warner."--"C. S. P. Domestic," 1627-8.
+
+Noel still struggled gamely, and died hard, seeing the eighteenth century
+well in:
+
+    "1706, April 23. Noell Whiteing, son of Noell and Ann Whiteing,
+    linendraper, baptized."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Again the Reformation, apart from Puritanism, had much to do with the
+decay of these names.
+
+
+(_d._) _The Last of some Old Favourites._
+
+There were some old English favourites that the Reformation and the
+English Bible did not immediately crush. Thousands of men were youths when
+the Hebrew invasion set in, and lived unto James's reign. Their names crop
+up, of course, in the burial registers. Others were inclined to be
+tenacious over family favourites. We must be content, in the records of
+Elizabeth's and even James's reign, to find some old friends standing side
+by side with the new. The majority of them were extra-Biblical, and
+therefore did not meet with the same opposition as those that savoured of
+the old ecclesiasticism. Nevertheless, this new fashion was telling on
+them, and of most we may say, "Their places know them no more."
+
+Looking from now back to then, we see this the more clearly. We turn to
+the "Calendar of State Papers," and we find a grant, dated November 5,
+1607, to _Fulk_ Reade to travel four years. Shortly afterwards (July 15,
+1609), we come across a warrant to John Carse, of the benefit of the
+recusancy of _Drew_ Lovett, of the county of Middlesex. Casting our eye
+backwards we speedily reach a grant or warrant in 1603, wherein
+_Gavin_[26] Harvey is mentioned. In 1604 comes _Ingram_ Fyser. One after
+another these names occur within the space of five years--names then,
+although it was well in James's reign, known of all men, and borne
+reputably by many. But who will say that Drew, or Fulk, or Gavin, or
+Ingram are alive now? How they were to be elbowed out of existence these
+very same records tell us; for within the same half-decade we may see
+warrants or grants relating to _Matathias_ Mason (April 7, 1610) or
+_Gersome_ Holmes (January 23, 1608). _Jethro_ Forstall obtains licence,
+November 12, 1604, to dwell in one of the alms-rooms of Canterbury
+Cathedral; while _Melchizedec_ Bradwood receives sole privilege, February
+18, 1608, of printing Jewel's "Defence of the Apology of the English
+Church." The enemy was already within the bastion, and the call for
+surrender was about to be made.
+
+Take another specimen a few years earlier. In the Chancery suits at the
+close of Elizabeth's reign, we find a plaintiff named Goddard Freeman,
+another styled Anketill Brasbridge, a defendant bearing the good old title
+of Frideswide Heysham, while a fourth endeavours to secure his title to
+some property under the signature of Avery Howlatt. Hamlett Holcrofte and
+Hammett Hyde are to be met with (but we have spoken of them), and such
+other personages as Ellice Heye, Morrice Cowles, and Gervase Hatfield.
+Within a few pages' limit we come across Dogory Garry, Digory Greenfield,
+Digory Harrit, and Degory Hollman. These names of Goddard, Anketill,
+Frideswide, Avery, Hamlet, Ellice, Morrice, Gervase, and Digory were on
+everybody's lips when Henry VIII. was king. Who can say that they exist
+now? Only Maurice and Gervase enjoy a precarious existence. A breath of
+popular disregard would blow them out. Avery held out, but in vain:
+
+    "Avery Terrill, cooke at ye Falcon, Lothbury, 1650."--"Tokens of
+    Seventeenth Century."
+
+But what else do we see in these same registers? We are confronted with
+pages bearing such names as Esaye Freeman (Isaiah), or Elizar Audly
+(Eliezer), or Seth Awcocke, or Urias Babington, or Ezekias Brent,--and
+this not forty years after the Reformation. These men must have been
+baptized in the very throes of the great contest.
+
+Another "Calendar of State Papers," bearing dates between 1590 and 1605,
+contains the names of Colet Carey (1580) and Amice Carteret (1599),
+alongside of whom stands Aquila Wyke (1603). Here once more we are
+reminded of two pretty baptismal names that have gone the way of the
+others. It makes one quite sad to think of these national losses. Amice,
+previous to the Reformation, was a household favourite, and Colet a
+perfect pet. Won't somebody come to the rescue? Why on earth should the
+fact that the Bible has been translated out of Latin into English strip us
+of these treasures?
+
+Turn once more to our church registers. Few will recognize Thurstan as a
+baptismal name:
+
+    "1544, May 11. Married Thryston Hogkyn and Letyce Knight."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1573, Nov. 15. Wedding of Thrustone Bufford and Annes Agnes
+    Dyckson."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Drew and Fulk are again found:
+
+    "1583, April 16. Buried Drew Hewat, sonne of Nicholas Hewat.
+
+    "1583, March 8. Buried Foulke Phillip, sonne of Thomas Phillip,
+    grocer."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Take the following, dropped upon hap-hazard as I turn the pages of St.
+Dionis Backchurch:
+
+    "1540, Oct. 25. Buried Jacomyn Swallowe.
+
+    "1543, Aug. 3. Buried Awdrye Hykman.
+
+    "1543, June 12. Married Bonyface Meorys and Jackamyn Kelderly.
+
+    "1546, Nov. 23. Christened Grizill, daughter of--Deyne.
+
+    "1557, Nov. 8. Buried Austin Clarke.
+
+    "1567, April 22. Married Richard Staper and Dennis Hewyt.
+
+    "1573, Sep. 25. Married John Carrington and Gyllian Lovelake.
+
+    "1574, Oct. 23. Buried Joyce, d. of John Bray.
+
+    "1594, Nov. 1. Married Gawyn Browne and Sibbell Halfhed."
+
+So they run. How quaint and pretty they sound to modern ears! Amongst the
+above I have mentioned some girl-names. The change is strongly marked
+here. It was Elizabeth's reign saw the end of Joan. Jane Grey set the
+fashionable Jane going; Joan was relegated to the milkmaid, and very soon
+even the kitchen wench would none of it. Joan is obsolete; Jane is showing
+signs of dissolution.[27]
+
+It was Elizabeth's reign saw the end of Jill, or Gill, which had been the
+pet name of Juliana for three centuries:
+
+    "1586, Feb. 5. Christening of Gillian Jones, daughter of Thomas Jones,
+    grocer."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1573, Sep. 25. Married John Carrington, Cheape, and Gillian
+    Lovelake."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+In one of our earlier mysteries Noah's wife had refused to enter the ark.
+To Noah she had said--
+
+    "Sir, for Jak nor for Gille
+      Wille I turne my face,
+    Tille I have on this hille
+      Spun a space."
+
+It lingered on till the close of James's reign. In 1619 we find in
+"Satyricall Epigrams"--
+
+    "Wille squabbled in a tavern very sore,
+    Because one brought a _gill_ of wine--no more:
+    'Fill me a quart,' quoth he, 'I'm called Will;
+    The proverb is, each _Jacke_ shall have his _Gill_.'"
+
+But Jill had become a term for a common street jade, like Parnel and Nan.
+All these disappeared at this period, and must have sunk into disuse,
+Bible or no Bible. A nanny-house, or simple "nanny," was well known to the
+loose and dissolute of either sex at the close of the sixteenth century.
+Hence, in the ballad "The Two Angrie Women of Abington," Nan Lawson is a
+wanton; while, in "Slippery Will," the hero's inclination for Nan is
+anything but complimentary:
+
+    "Long have I lived a bachelor's life,
+      And had no mind to marry;
+    But now I faine would have a wife,
+      Either Doll, Kate, Sis, or Mary.
+    These four did love me very well,
+      I had my choice of Mary;
+    But one did all the rest excell,
+      And that was pretty Nanny.
+
+    "Sweet Nan did love me deare indeed," etc.
+
+Respectable people, still liking the name, changed it to Nancy, and in
+that form it still lives.
+
+Parnel, the once favourite Petronilla, fell under the same blight as
+Peter, and shared his fate; but her character also ruined her. In the
+registers of St. Peter, Cornhill, we find the following entries:--
+
+    "1539, May 20. Christened Petronilla, ignoti cognominis."
+
+    "1594, Sep. 15. Christening of Parnell Griphin, d. of John Griphin,
+    felt-maker."
+
+    "1586, April 17. Christening of Parnell Averell, d. of William
+    Averell, merchant tailor."
+
+Two other examples may be furnished:--
+
+    "1553, Nov. 15. Peternoll, daughter of William Agar, baptized."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1590, April. Pernell, d. of Antony Barton, of Poplar."--Stepney,
+    London.
+
+The Restoration did not restore Parnel, and the name is gone.
+
+Sibyl had a tremendous run in her day, and narrowly escaped a second epoch
+of favour in the second Charles's reign. Tib and Sib were always placed
+side by side. Burton, speaking of "love melancholy," says--
+
+    "One grows too fat, another too lean: modest Matilda, pretty pleasing
+    Peg, sweet singing Susan, mincing merry Moll, dainty dancing Doll,
+    neat Nancy, jolly Joan, nimble Nell, kissing Kate, bouncing Bess with
+    black eyes, fair Phillis with fine white hands, fiddling Frank, tall
+    Tib, slender Sib, will quickly lose their grace, grow fulsome, stale,
+    sad, heavy, dull, sour, and all at last out of fashion."
+
+The "Psalm of Mercie," too, has it:
+
+    "'So, so,' quoth my sister Bab,
+      And 'Kill 'um,' quoth Margerie;
+    'Spare none,' cry's old Tib; 'No quarter,' says Sib,
+      'And, hey, for our monachie.'"
+
+In "Cocke Lorelle's Bote," one of the personages introduced is--
+
+    "Sibby Sole, mylke wyfe of Islynton."
+
+    "Sibb Smith, near Westgate, Canterbury, 1650."--"Half-penny Tokens of
+    Seventeenth Century."
+
+    "1590, Aug. 30. Christening of Cibell Overton, d. of Lawrence Overton,
+    bowyer."
+
+Three names practically disappeared in this same century--Olive, Jacomyn
+or Jacolin, and Grissel:
+
+    "1581, Feb. 17. Baptized Olyff, daughter of Degorie Stubbs."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1550, Dec. 11. Christning of Grysell, daughter of -- Plummer."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1598, March 15. Buried Jacolyn Backley, widow."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+Olive was a great favourite in the west of England, and was restored by a
+caprice of fashion as Olivia in the eighteenth century. It was the
+property of both sexes, and is often found in the dress of "Olliph,"
+"Olyffe," and "Olif." From being a household pet, Dorothy, as Doll, almost
+disappeared for a while. Doll and Dolly came back in the eighteenth
+century, under the patronage of the royal and stately Dorothea. What a run
+it again had! Dolly is one of the few instances of a really double
+existence. It was the rage from 1450 to 1570; it was overwhelmed with
+favour from 1750 to 1820. Dr. Syntax in his travels meets with three
+Dollys. Napoleon is besought in the rhymes of the day to
+
+                          "quit his folly,
+    Settle in England, and marry Dolly."
+
+Once more Dolly, saving for Dora, has made her bow and exit. I suppose she
+may turn up again about 1990, and all the little girls will be wearing
+Dolly Vardens.
+
+_Barbara_, with its pet Bab, is now of rarest use. _Dowse_, the pretty
+Douce of earlier days, is defunct, and with it the fuller Dowsabel:
+
+    "1565, Sep. 9. Buried Dowse, wife of John Thomas."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+_Joyce_ fought hard, but it was useless:
+
+    "1563, Sep. 8. Buried Joyce, wife of Thomas Armstrong."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1575, April 5. Baptized Joyes, daughter of John Lyttacott."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1652, Aug. 18. Married Joseph Sumner and Joyce Stallowhace."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+_Lettice_ disappeared, to come back as Lætitia in the eighteenth century:
+
+    "1587, June 19. Married Richard Evannes and Lettis Warren."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+_Amery_, or _Emery_, the property of either sex, lost place:
+
+    "1584, April 9. Buried Amery Martin, widow, of Wilsdon."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1668. Emerre Bradley, baker, Hartford."--"Tokens of Seventeenth
+    Century."
+
+_Avice_ shared the same fate:
+
+    "Avis Kingston and Amary Clerke, widow, applied for arrears of pay due
+    to their husbands, May 13, 1656."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1590-1, Jan. Christened Avis, d. of Philip Cliff."--Stepney.
+
+    "1600, Feb. 6. Baptized Avice, daughter of Thomas Bennett."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1623, August 5. Christened Thomas, the sonne of James Jennets, and
+    Avice his wife."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Thomasine requires a brief notice. Coming into use as a fancy name about
+1450, it seems to have met with no opposition, and for a century and a
+half was a decided success. It became familiar to every district in
+England, north or south, and is found in the registers of out-of-the-way
+villages in Derbyshire, as plentifully as in those of the metropolitan
+churches:
+
+    "1538, Nov. 30. Married Edward Bashe and Thomeson Agar."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1582, Nov. 1. Baptized Tamson, daughter of Richard Hodge."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1622, Jan. 19. Christened Thomas, the sonne of Henery Thomson,
+    haberdasher, and of Thomazine his wife."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1620, Jan. 21. Baptized Johanna, fil. Tamsin Smith,
+    adulterina."--Minster.
+
+    "1640, Jan. 31. Buried Thomasing, filia William Sympson."--Wirksworth,
+    Derbyshire.
+
+In other registers such forms as Thomasena, Thomesin, Thomazin, Tomasin,
+and Thomasin occur. In Cowley's "Chronicle," too, the name is found:
+
+    "Then Jone and Jane and Audria,
+      And then a pretty Thomasine,
+      And then another Katharine,
+    And then a long et cætera."
+
+
+V. THE GENERAL CONFUSION.
+
+But what a state of confusion does all this reveal! By the time of the
+Commonwealth, there was the choice of three methods of selection open to
+the English householder in this matter of names. He might copy the zealot
+faction, and select his names from the Scriptures or the category of
+Christian graces; he might rally by the old English gentleman, who at this
+time was generally a Cavalier, and Dick, Tom, Harry, or Dolly, his
+children; or he might be careless about the whole matter, and mix the two,
+according to his caprice or fancy. That Royalist had no bad conception of
+the state of society in 1648, when he turned off verses such as these:
+
+    "And Greenwich shall be for tenements free
+      For saints to possess Pell-Mell,
+    And where all the sport is at Hampton Court
+      Shall be for ourselves to dwell.
+    _Chorus._ ''Tis blessed,' quoth Bathsheba,
+                 And Clemence, 'We're all agreed.'
+              ''Tis right,' quoth Gertrude, 'And fit,' says sweet Jude,
+                 And Thomasine, 'Yea, indeed.'
+
+    "What though the king proclaims
+      Our meetings no more shall be;
+    In private we may hold forth the right way,
+      And be, as we should be, free.
+    _Chorus._ 'O very well said,' quoth Con;
+                 'And so will I do,' says Franck;
+              And Mercy cries, 'Aye,' and Mat, 'Really,'
+                 'And I'm o' that mind,' quoth Thank."
+
+As we shall show in our next chapter, "Thank" was no imaginary name,
+coined to meet the exigencies of rhyme. Thanks, however, to the good sense
+of the nation, an effort was made in behalf of such old favourites as
+John, William, Richard, Robert, and Thomas. So early as 1643, Thomas
+Adams, Puritan as he was, had delivered himself in a London pulpit to the
+effect that "he knew 'Williams' and 'Richards' who, though they bore names
+not found in sacred story, but familiar to the country, were as gracious
+saints" as any who bore names found in it ("Meditations upon the Creed").
+The Cavalier, we know, had deliberately stuck by the old names. A
+political skit, already referred to, after running through a list of all
+the new-fangled names introduced by the fanatics, concludes:
+
+    "They're just like the Gadaren's swine,
+        Which the devils did drive and bewitch:
+      An herd set on evill
+      Will run to the de-vill
+        And his dam when their tailes do itch.
+      'Then let 'em run on!'
+      Says Ned, Tom, and John.
+    'Ay, let 'um be hanged!' quoth Mun:
+      'They're mine,' quoth old Nick,
+      'And take 'um,' says Dick,
+    'And welcome!' quoth worshipful Dun.
+      'And God blesse King Charles!' quoth George,
+        'And save him,' says Simon and Sill;
+      'Aye, aye,' quoth old Cole and each loyall soul,
+        'And Amen, and Amen!' cries Will."
+
+Another ballad, lively and free as the other, published in 1648, and
+styled "The Anarchie, or the Blest Reformation," after railing at the
+confusion of things in general, and names in particular, concludes with
+the customary jolly old English flourish:
+
+    "'A health to King Charles!' says Tom;
+      'Up with it,' says Ralph like a man;
+    'God bless him,' says Moll, 'And raise him,' says Doll,
+      'And send him his owne,' says Nan."
+
+The Restoration practically ended the conflict, but it was a truce; for
+both sides, so far as nomenclature is concerned, retained trophies of
+victory, and, on the whole, the Hebrew was the gainer. At the start he had
+little to lose, and he has filled the land with titles that had lain in
+abeyance for four thousand years. The old English yeoman has lost many of
+his most honoured cognomens, but he can still, at least, boast one thing.
+The two names that were foremost before the middle of the twelfth century
+stand at this moment in the same position. Out of every hundred children
+baptized in England, thirteen are entered in the register as John or
+William. The Cavalier, too, can boast that "Charles,"[28] although there
+were not more of that name throughout the length and breadth of England at
+the beginning of Elizabeth's reign than could be counted on the fingers of
+one hand, now occupies the sixth place among male baptismal names.
+
+Several names, now predominant, were for various reasons lifted above the
+contest. George holds the fourth position among boys; Mary and Elizabeth,
+the first and second among girls. George dates all his popularity from the
+last century, and Mary was in danger of becoming obsolete at the close of
+Elizabeth's reign, so hateful had it become to Englishmen, whether
+Churchmen or Presbyterians. It was at this time Philip, too, lost a place
+it can never recover. But the fates came to the rescue of Mary, when the
+Prince of Orange landed at Torbay, and sate with James's daughter on
+England's throne. It has been first favourite ever since. As for
+Elizabeth, a chapter might be written upon it. Just known, and no more, at
+the beginning of the sixteenth century, it was speedily popularized in the
+"daughter of the Reformation." The Puritans, in spite of persecution and
+other provocations, were ever true to "Good Queen Bess." The name, too,
+was scriptural, and had not been mixed up with centuries of Romish
+superstition. Elizabeth ruled supreme, and was contorted and twisted into
+every conceivable shape that ingenuity could devise. It narrowly escaped
+the diminutive desinence, for Ezot and Ezota occur to my knowledge four
+times in records between 1500 and 1530. But Bess and Bessie took up the
+running, and, a century later, Bett and Betty. It will surprise almost all
+my readers, I suspect, to know that the "Lady Bettys" of the early part of
+last century were never, or rarely ever, christened Elizabeth. Queen
+Anne's reign, even William and Mary's reign, saw the fashionable rage for
+Latinized forms, already referred to, setting in. Elizabeth was turned
+into Bethia and Betha:
+
+    "1707, Jan. 2. Married Will{m}. Simonds and Bethia Ligbourne."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1721. Married Charles Bawden to Bethia Thornton."--Somerset House
+    Chapel.
+
+    "1748. Married Adam Allyn to Bethia Lee."[29]--Ditto.
+
+The familiar form of this was Betty:
+
+    "Betty Trevor, wife of the Hon. John Trevor, eldest d. of Sir Thomas
+    Frankland, of Thirkleby, in the county of York, Baronet, ob. Dec. 28,
+    1742, ætat. 25."--"Suss. Arch. Coll.," xvii. 148.
+
+Bess was forgotten, and it was not till the present century that, Betty
+having become the property of the lower orders, who had soon learnt to
+copy their betters, the higher classes fell back once more on the Bessie
+of Reformation days.
+
+Meanwhile other freaks of fancy had a turn. Bessie and Betty were dropped
+into a mill, and ground out as Betsy. This, after a while, was relegated
+to the peasantry and artisans north of Trent. Then Tetty and Tetsy had an
+innings. Dr. Johnson always called his wife Tetty. Writing March 28, 1753,
+he says--
+
+    "I kept this day as the anniversary of my Tetty's death, with prayer
+    and tears in the morning."
+
+Eliza arose before Elizabeth died; was popular in the seventeenth, much
+resorted to in the eighteenth, and is still familiar in the nineteenth
+century. Thomas Nash, in "Summer's Last Will and Testament," has the
+audacity to speak of the queen as--
+
+        "that Eliza, England's beauteous queen,
+    On whom all seasons prosperously attend."
+
+Dr. Johnson, in an epigram anent Colley Cibber and George II., says--
+
+    "Augustus still survives in Maro's strain,
+    And Spenser's verse prolongs Eliza's reign."
+
+But by the lexicographer's day, the poorer classes had ceased to
+recognize that Eliza and Betty were parts of one single name. They took up
+each on her own account, as a separate name, and thus Betty and Eliza were
+commonly met with in the same household. This is still frequently seen.
+The _Spectator_, the other day, furnished a list of our commonest font
+names, wherein Elizabeth is placed fourth, with 4610 representatives in
+every 100,000 of the population. Looking lower down, we find "Eliza"
+ranked in the twenty-first place with 1507. This is scarcely fair. The two
+ought to be added together; at least, it perpetuates a misconception.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+PURITAN ECCENTRICITIES.
+
+    "And we have known Williams and Richards, names not found in sacred
+    story, but familiar to our country, prove as gracious saints as any
+    Safe-deliverance, Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, or such like, which
+    have been rather descriptions than names."--THOMAS ADAMS, _Meditations
+    upon the Creed_, 1629.
+
+    "In giving names to children, it was their opinion that _heathenish
+    names_ should be avoided, as not so fit for Christians; and also the
+    names of God, and Christ, and angels, and the peculiar offices of the
+    Mediator,"--NEAL, _History of the Puritans_, vol. 1, ch. v. 1565.
+
+
+I. INTRODUCTORY.
+
+There are still many people who are sceptical about the stories told
+against the Puritans in the matter of name-giving. Of these some are
+Nonconformists, who do not like the slights thus cast upon their spiritual
+ancestry; unaware that while this curious phase was at its climax,
+Puritanism was yet within the pale of the Church of England. Others,
+having searched through the lists of the Protector's Parliaments,
+Commissioners, and army officers, and having found but a handful of odd
+baptismal names, declare, without hesitation, that these stories are
+wicked calumnies. Mr. Peacock, whose book on the "Army Lists of Roundheads
+and Cavaliers" is well worth study, says, in one of the numbers of _Notes
+and Queries_--
+
+    "I know modern writers have repeated the same thing over and over
+    again; but I do not remember any trustworthy evidence of the
+    Commonwealth time, or that of Charles II., that would lead us to
+    believe that strange christian names were more common in those days
+    than now. What passages have we on this subject in the works of the
+    Restoration playwrights?"
+
+This is an old mistake. If Mr. Peacock had looked at our registers from
+1580 to 1640, instead of from 1640 to 1680, he would never have written
+the above. There is the most distinct evidence that during the latter
+portion of Elizabeth's reign, the whole of James's reign, and great part
+of Charles's reign, in a district roughly comprising England south of the
+Trent, and having, say, Banbury for its centre, there prevailed, amongst a
+certain class of English religionists, a practice of baptizing children by
+scriptural phrases, pious ejaculations, or godly admonitions. It was a
+practice instituted of deliberate purpose, as conducive to vital religion,
+and as intending to separate the truly godly and renewed portion of the
+community from the world at large. The Reformation epoch had seen the
+English middle and lower classes generally adopting the proper names of
+Scripture. Thus, the sterner Puritan had found a list of Bible names that
+he would gladly have monopolized, shared in by half the English
+population. That a father should style his child Nehemiah, or Abacuck, or
+Tabitha, or Dorcas, he discovered with dismay, did not prove that that
+particular parent was under any deep conviction of sin. This began to
+trouble the minds and consciences of the elect. Fresh limits must be
+created. As Richard and Roger had given way to Nathaniel and Zerrubabel,
+so Nathaniel and Zerrubabel must now give way to _Learn-wisdom_ and
+_Hate-evil_. Who inaugurated the movement, with what success, and how it
+slowly waned, this chapter will show.
+
+There can be no doubt that it is entirely owing to Praise-God Barebone,
+and the Parliament that went by his name,[30] the impression got abroad in
+after days that the Commonwealth period was the heyday of these
+eccentricities, and that these remarkable names were merely adopted after
+conversion, and were not entered in the vestry-books as baptismal names at
+all.
+
+The existence of these names could not escape the attention of Lord
+Macaulay and Sir Walter Scott. The Whig historian has referred to
+Tribulation Wholesome and Zeal-of-the-land Busy almost as frequently as to
+that fourth-form boy for whose average (!) abilities to the very end of
+his literary life he entertained such a profound respect. Two quotations
+will suffice. In his "Comic Dramatists of the Restoration" he says,
+speaking of the Commonwealth--
+
+    "To know whether a man was really godly was impossible. But it was
+    easy to know whether he had a plain dress, lank hair, no starch in his
+    linen, no gay furniture in his house; whether he talked through his
+    nose, and showed the whites of his eyes; whether he named his children
+    _Assurance_, _Tribulation_, and _Maher-shalal-hash-baz_."
+
+Again, in his Essay on Croker's "Boswell's Life of Johnson," he declares--
+
+    "Johnson could easily see that a Roundhead who named all his children
+    after Solomon's singers, and talked in the House of Commons about
+    seeking the Lord, might be an unprincipled villain, whose religious
+    mummeries only aggravated his fault."
+
+In "Woodstock," Scott has such characters as _Zerrubabel_ Robins and
+_Merciful_ Strickalthrow, both soldiers of Oliver Cromwell; while the
+zealot ranter is one _Nehemiah_ Holdenough. Mr. Peacock most certainly has
+grounds for complaint here, but not as to facts, only dates.
+
+
+II. ORIGINATED BY THE PRESBYTERIAN CLERGY.
+
+In Strype's "Life of Whitgift" (i. 255) we find the following statement:--
+
+    "I find yet again another company of these fault-finders with the Book
+    of Common Prayer, in another diocese, namely, that of Chichester,
+    whose names and livings were these: William Hopkinson, vicar of
+    Salehurst; Samuel Norden, parson of Hamsey; Antony Hobson, vicar of
+    Leominster; Thomas Underdown, parson of St. Mary's in Lewes; John
+    Bingham, preacher of Hodeleigh; Thomas Heley, preacher of Warbleton;
+    John German, vicar of Burienam; and Richard Whiteaker, vicar of
+    Ambreley."
+
+I follow up the history of but two of these ministers, Hopkinson of
+Salehurst, and Heley of Warbleton. Suspended by the commissary, they were
+summoned to Canterbury, December 6, 1583, and subscribed. Both being
+married men, with young families, we may note their action in regard to
+name-giving. The following are to be found in the register at Salehurst:
+
+    "Maye 3, 1579, was baptized Persis (Rom. xvi. 12), the daughter of
+    William Hopkinson, minister heare.
+
+    "June 18, 1587, was baptized Stedfast, the sonne of Mr. William Bell,
+    minister.
+
+    "Nov. 3, 1588, was baptized Renewed, the doughter of William
+    Hopkinson, minister.
+
+    "Feb. 28, 1591, was baptized Safe-on-Highe, the sonne of Will{m}.
+    Hopkinson, minister of the Lord's Worde there.[31]
+
+    "Oct. 29, 1596. Constant, filia Thomæ Lorde, baptisata fuit.
+
+    "March, 1621. Rejoyce, filia Thomæ Lorde, baptisata fuit die 10, et
+    sepulta die 23.
+
+    "November, 1646. Bethshua, doughter of Mr. John Lorde, minister of
+    Salehurst, bapt. 22 die."
+
+These entries are of the utmost importance; they begin at the very date
+when the new custom arose, and are patronized by three ministers in
+succession--possibly four, if Thomas Lorde was also a clergyman.
+
+Heley's case is yet more curious. He had been prescribing grace-names for
+his flock shortly before the birth of his first child. He thus practises
+upon his own offspring:
+
+    "Nov. 7, 1585. Muche-merceye, the sonne of Thomas Hellye, minyster.
+
+    "March 26, 1587. Increased, the dather of Thomas Helly, minister.
+
+    "Maye 5, 1588. Sin-denie, the dather of Thomas Helly, minister.
+
+    "Maye 25, 1589. Fear-not, the sonne of Thomas Helly, minister."
+
+Under rectorial pressure the villagers followed suit; and for half a
+century Warbleton was, in the names of its parishioners, a complete
+exegesis of justification by faith without the deeds of the law.
+_Sorry-for-sin_ Coupard was a peripatetic exhortation to repentance, and
+_No-merit_ Vynall was a standing denunciation of works. No register in
+England is better worth a pilgrimage to-day than Warbleton.[32]
+
+Still confining our attention to Sussex and Kent, we come to Berwick:
+
+    "1594, Dec. 22. Baptized Continent, daughter of Hugh Walker, vicar.
+
+    "1602, Dec. 12. Baptized Christophilus, son of Hugh Walker."--Berwick,
+    Sussex.
+
+I think the father ought to be whipped most incontinently in the open
+market who would inflict such a name on an infant daughter. They did not
+think so then. The point, however, is that the father was incumbent of the
+parish.
+
+A more historic instance may be given. John Frewen, Puritan rector of
+Northiam, Sussex, from 1583 to 1628, and author of "Grounds and Principles
+of the Christian Religion," had two sons, at least, baptized in his
+church. The dates tally exactly with the new custom:
+
+    "1588, May 26. Baptized Accepted, sonne of John Frewen.
+
+    "1591, Sep. 5. Baptized Thankful, sonne of John Frewen."--Northiam,
+    Sussex.
+
+_Accepted_[33] died Archbishop of York, being prebend designate of
+Canterbury so early as 1620:
+
+    "1620, Sep. 8. Grant in reversion to Accepted Frewen of a prebend in
+    Canterbury Cathedral."--"C. S. P. Dom."
+
+One more instance before we pass on. In two separate wills, dated 1602
+and 1604 (folio 25, Montagu, "Prerog. Ct. of Cant.," and folio 25, Harte,
+ditto), will be found references to "More-fruite and Faint-not, children
+of Dudley Fenner, minister of the Word of God" at Marden, in Kent.
+
+Now, this Dudley Fenner was a thoroughly worthy man, but a fanatic of most
+intolerant type. In 1583 we find him at Cranbrook, in Kent. An account of
+his sayings and doings was forwarded, says Strype, to Lord Burghley, who
+himself marked the following passage:--
+
+    "Ye shall pray also that God would strike through the sides of all
+    such as go about to take away from the ministers of the Gospel the
+    liberty which is granted them by the Word of God."
+
+But a curious note occurs alongside this passage in Lord Burghley's hand:
+
+    "Names given in baptism by Dudley Fenner: Joy-againe, From-above,
+    More-fruit, Dust."--Whitgift, i. p. 247.
+
+Two of these names were given to his own children, as Cranbrook register
+shows to this day:
+
+    "1583, Dec. 22. Baptized More-fruit, son of Mr. Dudley Fenner."
+
+    "1585, June 6. Baptized Faint-not, fil. Mr. Dudley Fenner, concional
+    digniss."
+
+Soon after this Dudley Fenner again got into trouble through his sturdy
+spirit of nonconformity. After an imprisonment of twelve months, he fled
+to Middleborough, in Holland, and died there about 1589.
+
+The above incident from Strype is interesting, for here manifestly is the
+source whence Camden derived his information upon the subject. In his
+quaint "Remaines," published thirty years later (1614), after alluding to
+the Latin names then in vogue, he adds:
+
+    "As little will be thought of the new names, Free-Gift, Reformation,
+    Earth, Dust, Ashes, Delivery, More-fruit, Tribulation,
+    The-Lord-is-near, More-triale, Discipline, Joy-againe, From-above,
+    which have lately been given by some to their children, with no evill
+    meaning, but upon some singular and precise conceite."
+
+Very likely Lord Burghley gave Fenner's selection to the great antiquary.
+
+Coming into London, the following case occurs. John Press was incumbent of
+St. Matthew, Friday Street, from 1573 to 1612:
+
+    "1584. Baptized Purifie, son of Mr. John Presse, parson."
+
+John Bunyan's great character name of _Hopeful_ is to be seen in Banbury
+Church register. But such an eccentricity is to be expected in the parish
+over which Wheatley presided, the head-quarters, too, of extravagant
+Puritanism. We all remember drunken Barnaby:
+
+    "To Banbury came I, O prophane one!
+    Where I saw a Puritane one,
+    Hanging of his cat on Monday
+    For killing of a mouse on Sunday."
+
+But the point I want to emphasize is that this _Hopeful_ was Wheatley's
+own daughter:
+
+    "1604, Dec. 21. Baptized Hope-full, daughter of William Wheatlye."
+
+Take a run from Banbury into Leicestershire. A stern Puritan was Antony
+Grey, "parson and patron" of Burbach; and he continued "a constant and
+faithfull preacher of the Gospell of Jesus Christ, even to his extreame
+old age, and for some yeares after he was Earle of Kent," as his tombstone
+tells us. He had twelve children, and their baptismal entries are worth
+recording:
+
+    "1593, April 29. Grace, daughter of Mr. Anthonie Grey.
+
+    "1594, Nov. 28. Henry, son of ditto.
+
+    "1596, Nov. 16. Magdalen, daughter of ditto.
+
+    "1598, May 8. Christian, daughter of ditto.
+
+    "1600, Feb. 2. Faith-my-joy, daughter of ditto.[34]
+
+    "1603, April 3. John, son of ditto.
+
+    "1604, Feb. 23. Patience, daughter of Myster Anthonie Grey, preacher.
+
+    "1606, Oct. 5. Jobe, son of ditto.
+
+    "1608, May 1. Theophilus, son of ditto.
+
+    "1609, March 14. Priscilla, daughter of ditto (died).
+
+    "1613, Sept. 19. Nathaniel, son of ditto.
+
+    "1615, May 7. Presela, daughter of ditto."
+
+Why old Antony was persuaded of the devil to christen his second child by
+the ungodly agnomen of Henry, we are not informed. It must have given him
+many a twinge of conscience afterwards.
+
+Had the Puritan clergy confined these vagaries to their own nurseries, it
+would not have mattered much. But there can be no doubt they used their
+influence to bias the minds of godparents and witnesses in the same
+direction. We have only to pitch upon a minister who came under the
+archbishop's or Lord Treasurer's notice as disaffected, seek out the
+church over which he presided, scan the register of baptisms during the
+years of his incumbency, and a batch of extravagant names will at once be
+unearthed. In the villages of Sussex and Kent, where the personal
+influence of the recalcitrant clergy seems to have been greatest, the
+parochial records teem with them.
+
+Thus was the final stage of fanaticism reached, the year 1580 being as
+nearly as possible the exact date of its development. Thus were English
+people being prepared for the influx of a large batch of names which had
+never been seen before, nor will be again. The purely Biblical names,
+those that commemorated Bible worthies, swept over the whole country, and
+left ineffaceable impressions. The second stage of Puritan excess, names
+that savour of eccentricity and fanaticism combined, scarcely reached
+England north of Trent, and, for lack of volume, have left but the
+faintest traces. They lasted long enough to cover what may be fairly
+called an epoch, and extended just far enough to embrace a province. The
+epoch was a hundred years, and the province was from Kent to Hereford,
+making a small arc northwards, so as to take in Bedfordshire,
+Leicestershire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire. The practice, so far as
+the bolder examples is concerned, was a _deliberate scheme_ on the part of
+the Presbyterian clergy. On this point the evidence is in all respects
+conclusive.
+
+
+III. CURIOUS NAMES NOT PURITAN.
+
+Several names found in the registers at this time, though commonly
+ascribed to the zealots, must be placed under a different category. For
+instance, original sin and the Ninth Article would seem to be commemorated
+in such a name as Original. We may reject Camden's theory:
+
+    "Originall may seem to be deducted from the Greek _origines_, that is,
+    borne in good time,"
+
+inasmuch as he does not appear to have believed in it himself. The name,
+as a matter of fact, was given in the early part of the sixteenth century,
+in certain families of position, to the eldest son and heir, denoting that
+in him was carried on the original stock. The Bellamys of Lambcote Grange,
+Stainton, are a case in point. The eldest son for three generations bore
+the name; viz. _Original_ Bellamy, buried at Stainton, September 12,
+1619, aged 80; _Original_, his son and heir, the record of whose death I
+cannot find; and _Original_, his son and heir, who was baptized December
+29, 1606. The first of these must have been born in 1539, far too early a
+date for the name to be fathered upon the Puritans. _Original_ was in use
+in the family of Babington, of Rampton. Original Babington, son and heir
+of John Babington, was a contemporary of the first Original Bellamy
+(Nicholl's "Gen. et Top.," viii.).
+
+Another instance occurs later on:
+
+    "1635, May 21. These under-written names are to be transported to St.
+    Christopher's, imbarqued in the _Matthew_ of London, Richard Goodladd,
+    master, per warrant from ye Earle of Carlisle:
+
+    "Originall Lowis, 28 yeres," etc.--Hotten's "Emigrants," p. 81.
+
+_Sense_, a common name in Elizabeth and James's reigns, looks closely
+connected with some of the abstract virtues, such as Prudence and
+Temperance. The learned compiler of the "Calendar of State Papers"
+(1637-38) seems to have been much bothered with the name:
+
+    "1638, April 23. Petition of Seuce Whitley, widow of Thomas Whitley,
+    citizen, and grocer."
+
+The suggestion from the editorial pen is that this Seuce (as he prints it)
+is a bewildered spelling of Susey, from Susan! The fact is, Seuce is a
+bewildered misreading on the compiler's part of Sense, and Sense is an
+English dress of the foreign Senchia, or Sancho, still familiar to us in
+Sancho Panza. Several of the following entries will prove that Sense was
+too early an inmate of our registers to be a Puritan agnomen:
+
+    "1564, Oct. 15. Baptized Saints, d. of Francis Muschamp.
+
+    "1565, Nov. 25. Buried Sence, d. of ditto.
+
+    "1559, June 13. Married Matthew Draper and Sence Blackwell.
+
+    "1570-1, Jan. 15. Baptized Sence, d. of John Bowyer."--Camberwell
+    Church.
+
+    "1651. Zanchy Harvyn, Grocer's Arms, Abbey Milton."--"Tokens of
+    Seventeenth Century."
+
+    "1661, June. Petition of Mrs. Zanchy Mark."--C. S. P.
+
+That it was familiar to Camden in 1614 is clear:
+
+    "Sanchia, from Sancta, that is, Holy."--"Remaines," p. 88.
+
+The name became obsolete by the close of the seventeenth century, and,
+being a saintly title, was sufficiently odious to the Presbyterians to be
+carefully rejected by them in the sixteenth century. Men who refused the
+Apostles their saintly title were not likely to stamp the same for life on
+weak flesh.[35]
+
+Nor can _Emanuel_, or _Angel_, be brought as charges against the Puritans.
+Both flatly contradicted Cartwright's canon; yet both, and especially the
+former, have been attributed to the zealots. No names could have been
+more offensive to them than these. Even Adams, in his "Meditations upon
+the Creed," while attacking his friends on their eccentricity in
+preferring "Safe-deliverance" to "Richard," takes care to rebuke those on
+the other side, who would introduce _Emanuel_, or even _Gabriel_ or
+_Michael_, into their nurseries:
+
+    "Some call their sons _Emanuel_: this is too bold. The name is proper
+    to Christ, therefore not to be communicated to any creature."
+
+_Emanuel_ was imported from the Continent about 1500:
+
+    "1545, March 19. Baptized Humphrey, son of Emanuell Roger."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+The same conclusion must be drawn regarding _Angel_. Adams continues:
+
+    "Yea, it seems to me not fit for Christian humility to call a man
+    _Gabriel_ or _Michael_, giving the names of angels to the sons of
+    mortality."
+
+If the Puritans objected, as they did to a man, to the use of Gabriel and
+Michael as angelic names, the generic term itself would be still more
+objectionable:
+
+    "1645, Nov. 13. Buried Miss Angela Boyce."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1682, April 11. Baptized Angel, d. of Sir Nicholas Butler,
+    K{nt}."--St. Helen, Bishopgate.
+
+    "Weymouth, March 20, 1635. Embarked for New England: Angell Holland,
+    aged 21 years."--Hotten's "Emigrants," p. 285.
+
+In this case we may presume the son, and not the father, had turned
+Puritan.
+
+A curious custom, which terminated soon after Protestantism was
+established in England, gave rise to several names which read oddly enough
+to modern eyes. These were titles like Vitalis or Creature--names
+applicable to either sex. Mr. Maskell, without furnishing instances, says
+Creature occurs in the registers of All-Hallows, Barking ("Hist.
+All-Hallows," p. 62). In the vestry-books of Staplehurst, Kent, are
+registered:
+
+    "1 Edward VI. Apryle xxvii., there were borne ii. childre of Alex'nder
+    Beeryl: the one christened at home, and so deceased, called Creature;
+    the other christened at church, called John."--Burns, "History of
+    Parish Registers," p. 81.
+
+    "1550, Nov. 5. Buried Creature, daughter of Agnes Mathews, syngle
+    woman, the seconde childe.
+
+    "1579, July 19. Married John Haffynden and Creature Cheseman, yong
+    folke."--Staplehurst, Kent.
+
+One instance of _Vitalis_ may be given:
+
+    "Vitalis, son of Richard Engaine, and Sara his wife, released his
+    manor of Dagworth in 1217 to Margery de Cressi."--Blomefield's
+    "Norfolk," vi. 382, 383.
+
+These are not Puritan names. The dates are against the theory. They belong
+to a pre-Reformation practice, being names given to _quick children before
+birth_, in cases when it was feared, from the condition of the mother,
+they might not be delivered alive. Being christened before the sex could
+be known, it was necessary to affix a neutral name, and Vitalis or
+Creature answered the purpose. The old Romish rubric ran thus:
+
+    "Nemo in utero matris clausus baptizari debet, sed si infans caput
+    emiserit, et periculum mortis immineat, baptizetur in capite, nec
+    postea si vivus evaserit, erit iterum baptizandus. At si aliud membrum
+    emiserit, quod vitalem indicet motum in illo, si periculum pendeat
+    baptizetur," etc.
+
+Vitalis Engaine and Creature Cheeseman, in the above instances, both
+lived, but, by the law just quoted, retained the names given to them, and
+underwent no second baptism. If the sex of the yet breathing child was
+discovered, but death certain, the name of baptism ran thus:
+
+    "1563, July 17. Baptizata fuit in ædibus Mri Humfrey filia ejus quæ
+    nominata fuit Creatura Christi."--St. Peter in the East, Oxford.
+
+    "1563, July 17. Creatura Christi, filia Laurentii Humfredi
+    sepulta."--Ditto.
+
+An English form occurs earlier:
+
+    "1561, June 30. The Chylde-of-God, filius Ric. Stacey."--Ditto.
+
+Without entering into controversy, I will only say that if the clergy, up
+to the time of the alteration in our Article on Baptism, truly believed
+that "insomuch as infants, and children dying in their infancy, shall
+undoubtedly be saved thereby (_i.e._ baptism), _and else not_," it was
+natural that such a delicate ceremonial as I have hinted at should have
+suggested itself to their minds. After the Reformation, the practice as to
+unborn children fell into desuetude, and the names with it.
+
+
+IV. INSTANCES.
+
+(_a._) _Latin Names._
+
+The elder Disraeli reminded us, in his "Curiosities of Literature," that
+in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries it was common for our more
+learned pundits to re-style themselves in their own studies by Greek and
+Latin names. Some of these--as, for instance, Erasmus[36] and
+Melancthon--are only known to the world at large by their adopted titles.
+
+The Reformation had not become an accomplished fact before this custom
+began to prevail in England, only it was transferred from the study to the
+font, and from scholars to babies. Renovata, Renatus, Donatus, and Beata
+began to grow common. Camden, writing in 1614, speaks of still stranger
+names--
+
+    "If that any among us have named their children Remedium, Amoris,
+    'Imago-sæculi,' or with such-like names, I know some will think it
+    more than a vanity."--"Remaines," p. 44.
+
+While, however, the Presbyterian clergy did not object to some of these
+Latin sobriquets, as being identical with the names of early believers of
+the Primitive Church, stamped in not a few instances with the honours of
+martyrdom, they preferred to translate them into English. Many of my
+examples of eccentricity will be found to be nothing more than literal
+translations of names that had been in common vogue among Christians
+twelve and thirteen hundred years before. To the majority of the Puritan
+clergy, to change the Latin dress for an English equivalent would be as
+natural and imperative as the adoption of Tyndale's or the Genevan Bible
+in the place of the Latin Vulgate.
+
+A curious, though somewhat later, proof of this statement is met with in a
+will from the Probate Court of Peterborough. The testator was one Theodore
+Closland, senior fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. The date is June
+24, 1665:
+
+    "Item: to What-God-will Crosland, forty shillings, and tenn shillings
+    to his wife. And to his sonne What-God-will, six pound, thirteen
+    shillings, fourpence."
+
+This is a manifest translation of the early Christian "Quod-vult-deus."
+Grainger, in his "History of England" (iii. 360, fifth edition), says--
+
+    "In Montfaucon's 'Diarium Italicum' (p. 270), is a sepulchral
+    inscription of the year 396, upon Quod-vult-deus, a Christian, to
+    which is a note: 'Hoc ævo non pauci erant qui piis sententiolis nomina
+    propria concinnarent, _v.g._ Quod-vult-deus, Deogratias, Habet-deum,
+    Adeodatus.'"
+
+Closland, or Crosland, the grandfather, was evidently a Puritan, with a
+horror of the Latin Vulgate, Latin Pope, and Latin everything. Hence the
+translation.
+
+Nevertheless, the Puritans seem to have favoured Latin names at first. It
+was a break between the familiar sound of the old and the oddity of the
+new. Redemptus was less grotesque than Redeemed, and Renata than Renewed.
+The English equivalents soon ruled supreme, but for a generation or two,
+and in some cases for a century, the Latin names went side by side with
+them.
+
+Take Renatus, for instance:
+
+    "1616, Sep. 29. Baptized Renatus, son of Renatus Byllett, gent."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1637-8, Jan. 12. Order of Council to Renatus Edwards, girdler, to
+    shut up his shop in Lombard Street, because he is not a goldsmith.
+
+    "1690, April 10. Petition of Renatus Palmer, who prays to be appointed
+    surveyor in the port of Dartmouth."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1659, Nov. 11. Baptized Renovata, the daughter of John
+    Durance."--Cant. Cath.
+
+It was Renatus Harris who built the organ in All-Hallows, Barking, in 1675
+("Hist. All-Hallows, Barking," Maskell). Renatus and Rediviva occur in St.
+Matthew, Friday Street, circa 1590. Rediviva lingered into the eighteenth
+century:
+
+    "1735, ----. Buried Rediviva Mathews."--Banbury.
+
+Desiderata and Desiderius were being used at the close of Elizabeth's
+reign, and survived the restoration of Charles II.:
+
+    "1671, May 26. Baptized Desiderius Dionys, a poor child found in Lyme
+    Street."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Donatus and Deodatus, also, were Latin names on English soil before the
+seventeenth century came in:
+
+    "1616, Jan. 29. Baptized Donate, vel Deonata, daughter of Martyn
+    Donnacombe."--St. Columb Major.
+
+Desire and Given,[37] the equivalents, both crossed the Atlantic with the
+Pilgrim Fathers.
+
+_Love_ was popular. Side by side with it went _Amor_. George Fox, in his
+"Journal," writing in 1670, says--
+
+    "When I was come to Enfield, I went first to visit Amor Stoddart, who
+    lay very weak and almost speechless. Within a few days Amor
+    died."--Ed. 1836, ii. 129.
+
+In Ripon Cathedral may be seen:
+
+    "Amor Oxley, died Nov. 23, 1773, aged 74."
+
+The name still exists in Yorkshire, but no other county, I imagine.
+
+Other instances could be mentioned.[38] I place a few in order:
+
+    "1594, Aug. 3. Baptized Relictus Dunstane, a childe found in this
+    parisshe."--St. Dunstan.
+
+    "1613, Nov. 7. Baptized Beata, d. of Mr. John Briggs,
+    minister."--Witherley, Leic.
+
+    "1653, Sep. 29. Married Richard Moone to Benedicta Rolfe."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1661, May 25. Married Edward Clayton and Melior[39] Billinge."--St.
+    Dionis, Backchurch.
+
+    "1706. Beata Meetkirke, born Nov. 2, 1705; died Sep. 10,
+    1706."--Rushden, Hereford.
+
+
+(_b._) _Grace Names._
+
+In furnishing instances, we naturally begin with those grace names, in all
+cases culled from the registers of the period, which belong to what we may
+style the first stage. They were, one by one, but taken from the lists
+found in the New Testament, and were probably suggested at the outset by
+the moralities or interludes. The morality went between the old
+miracle-play, or mystery, and the regular drama. In "Every Man," written
+in the reign of Henry VIII., it is made a vehicle for retaining the love
+of the people for the old ways, the old worship, and the old
+superstitions. From the time of Edward VI. to the middle of Elizabeth's
+reign, there issued a cluster of interludes of this same moral type and
+cast; only all breathed of the new religion, and more or less assaulted
+the dogmas of Rome.
+
+These moralities were popular, and were frequently rendered in public,
+until the Elizabethan drama was well established. All were allegorical,
+and required personal representatives of the abstract graces, and
+doctrines of which they treated. The _dramatis personæ_ in "Hickscorner"
+are Freewill, Perseverance, Pity, Contemplation, and Imagination, and in
+"The Interlude of Youth," Humility, Pride, Charity, and Lechery.
+
+It is just possible, therefore, that several of these grace names were
+originated under the shadow of the pre-Reformation Church. The following
+are early, considering they are found in Cornwall, the county most likely
+to be the last to take up a new custom:
+
+    "1549, July 1. Baptized Patience, d. of Will{m}. Haygar."--
+
+    "1553, May 29. Baptized Honour, d. of Robert Sexton."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+However this may be, we only find the cardinal virtues at the beginning of
+the movement--those which are popular in some places to this day, and
+still maintain a firm hold in America, borne thither by the Puritan
+emigrants.
+
+The three Graces, and Grace itself, took root almost immediately as
+favourites. Shakespeare seems to have been aware of it, for Hermione
+says--
+
+    "My last good deed was to entreat his stay:
+    What was my first? It has an elder sister,
+    Or I mistake you--O would her name were Grace!"
+                                    "Winter's Tale," Act i. sc. 2.
+
+    "1565, March 19. Christening of Grace, daughter of -- Hilles."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1574, Jan. 29. Baptized Grace, daughter of John Russell."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+    "1588, Aug. 1. Married Thomas Wood and Faythe Wilson."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1565, ----. Baptized Faith, daughter of Thomas and Agnes
+    Blomefield."--Rushall, Norfolk.
+
+    "1567, Aprill 17. Christening of Charity, daughter of Randoll
+    Burchenshaw."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1571, ----. Baptized Charity, daughter of Thomas
+    Blomefield."--Rushall, Norfolk.
+
+    "1598, Nov. 19. Baptized Hope, d. of John Mainwaringe."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1636, Nov. 25. Buried Hope, d. of Thomas Alford, aged 23."--Drayton,
+    Leicester.
+
+The registers of the sixteenth and seventeenth century teem with these;
+sometimes boys received them. The Rev. Hope Sherhard was a minister in
+Providence Isle in 1632 ("Cal. S. P. Colonial," 1632).
+
+We may note that the still common custom of christening trine-born
+children by these names dates from the period of their rise:[40]
+
+    "1639, Sep. 7. Baptized Faith, Hope, and Charity, daughters of George
+    Lamb, and Alice his wife."--Hillingdon.
+
+    "1666, Feb. 22. -- Finch, wife of -- Finch, being delivered of three
+    children, two of them were baptized, one called Faith, and the other
+    Hope; and the third was intended to be called Charity, but died
+    unbaptized."--Cranford. _Vide_ Lyson's "Middlesex," p. 30.
+
+Mr. Lower says ("Essays on English Surnames," ii. 159)--
+
+    "At Charlton, Kent, three female children produced at one birth
+    received the names of Faith, Hope, and Charity."
+
+Thomas Adams, in his sermon on the "Three Divine Sisters," says--
+
+    "They shall not want prosperity,
+    That keep faith, hope, and charity."
+
+Perhaps some of these parents remembered this.
+
+Faith and Charity are both mentioned as distinctly Puritan sobriquets in
+the "Psalm of Mercie," a political poem:
+
+    "'A match,' quoth my sister Joyce,
+      'Contented,' quoth Rachel, too:
+    Quoth Abigaile, 'Yea,' and Faith, 'Verily,'
+      And Charity, 'Let it be so.'"
+
+_Love_, as the synonym of Charity, was also a favourite. Love Atkinson
+went out to Virginia with the early refugees (Hotten, "Emigrants," p. 68).
+
+    "1631-2, Jan. 31. Buried Love, daughter of William Ballard."--Berwick,
+    Sussex.
+
+    "1740, April 30. Buried Love Arundell."--Racton, Sussex.
+
+    "1749, May 31. Love Luckett admitted a freeman by
+    birthright."--"History of Town and Port of Rye," p. 237.
+
+    "1662, May 7. Baptized Love, d. of Mr. Richard Appletree."--Banbury.
+
+Besides Love and Charity, other variations were Humanity and Clemency:
+
+    "1637, March 8. Bond of William Shaw, junior, and Thomas Snelling,
+    citizens and turners, to Humanity Mayo, of St. Martin-in-the-Fields,
+    in £100 0 0."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1625, Aug. 27. Buried Clemency Chawncey."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Clemency was pretty, and deserved to live; but Mercy seems to have
+monopolized the honours, and, by the aid of John Bunyan's heroine in the
+"Pilgrim's Progress," still has her admirers. Instances are needless, but
+I furnish one or two for form's sake. They shall be late ones:
+
+    "1702, Sep. 28. Married Matthias Wallraven and Mercy Waymarke."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1716, May 25. Married Thomas Day and Mercy Parsons, of
+    Staplehurst."--Cant. Cath.
+
+But there were plenty of virtues left. Prudence had such a run, that she
+became Pru in the sixteenth, and Prudentia in the seventeenth century:
+
+    "1574, June 30. Buried Prudence, d. of John Mayhew.
+
+    "1612, Aug. 2. Married Robert Browne and Prudence Coxe."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+Justice is hard to separate from the legal title; but here is an instance:
+
+    "1660, July 16. Richard Bickley and Justice Willington reported guilty
+    of embezzling late king's goods."--"Cal. St. P. Dom."
+
+Truth, Constancy, Honour, and Temperance were frequently personified at
+the font. Temperance had the shortest life; but, if short, it was merry.
+There is scarcely a register, from Gretna Green to St. Michael's, without
+it:
+
+    "1615, Feb. 25. Baptized Temperance, d. of -- Osberne."--Hawnes,
+    Bedford.
+
+    "1610, Aug. 14. Baptized Temperance, d. of John Goodyer."--Banbury.
+
+    "1611, Nov. --. Baptized Temperance, d. of Robert
+    Carpinter."--Stepney.
+
+    "1619, July 22. Married Gyles Rolles to Temperance Blinco."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Constance,[41] Constancy, and Constant were common, it will be seen, to
+both sexes:
+
+    "1593, Sep. 29. Buried Constancy, servant with Mr. Coussin."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1629, Dec. Petition of Captain Constance Ferrar, for losses at Cape
+    Breton."--"C. S. P. Colonial."
+
+    "1665, May 25. Communication from Constance Pley to the Commissioners
+    in relation to the arrival of a convoy."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1665, May 31. Grant to Edward Halshall of £225 0 0, forfeited by
+    Connistant Cant, of Lynn Regis, for embarking wool to Guernsey not
+    entered in the Custom House."--Ditto.
+
+    "1671, Sep. 2. Buried Constant Sylvester, Esquire."--Brampton, Hunts.
+
+Patience, too, was male as well as female. Sir Patience Warde was Lord
+Mayor of London in 1681. Thus the weaker vessels were not allowed to
+monopolize the graces. How familiar some of these abstract names had
+become, the Cavalier shall tell us in his parody of the sanctimonious
+Roundheads' style:
+
+    "'Ay, marry,' quoth Agatha,
+      And Temperance, eke, also:
+    Quoth Hannah, 'It's just,' and Mary, 'It must,'
+      'And shall be,' quoth Grace, 'I trow.'"
+
+Several "Truths" occur in the "Chancery Suits" of Elizabeth, and the Greek
+Alathea arose with it:
+
+    "1595, June 27. Faith and Truth, gemini, -- John Johnson,
+    bapt."--Wath, Ripon.
+
+Alathea lasted till the eighteenth century was well-nigh out:
+
+    "1701, Dec. 4. Francis Milles to Alathea Wilton."--West. Abbey.
+
+    "1720, Sep. 18. Buried Alydea, wife of Will{m}. Gough, aged 42
+    years."--Harnhill, Glouc.
+
+    "1786, Oct. 6. Died Althea, wife of Thomas Heberden,
+    prebendary."--Exeter Cath.[42]
+
+Honour, of course, became Honora, in the eighteenth century, and has
+retained that form:
+
+    "1583, Aug. 24. Baptized Honor, daughter of Thomas Teage."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+    "1614, July 4. Baptized Honour, d. of John Baylye, of
+    Radcliffe."--Stepney.
+
+    "1667, Oct. 9. Christened Mary, d. of Sir John and Lady Honour
+    Huxley."--Hammersmith.
+
+    "1722, Oct. 4. Christened Martha, d. of John and Honoria Hart."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Sir Thomas Carew, Speaker of the Commons in James's and Charles's reign,
+had a wife Temperance, and four daughters, Patience, Temperance, Silence,
+and Prudence (Lodge's "Illust.," iii. 37). Possibly, as Speaker, he had
+had better opportunity to observe that these were the four cardinal
+parliamentary virtues, especially Silence. This last was somewhat popular,
+and seems to have got curtailed to "Sill," as Prudence to "Pru," and
+Constance to "Con." In the Calendar of "State Papers" (June 21, 1666), a
+man named Taylor, writing to another named Williamson, wishes "his brother
+Sill would come and reap the sweets of Harwich." Writing again, five days
+later, he asks "after his brother, Silence Taylor."
+
+This was one of the names that crossed the Atlantic and became a fixture
+in America (Bowditch). It is not, however, to be confounded with Sill,
+that is, Sybil, in the old Cavalier chorus:
+
+    "'And God blesse King Charles,' quoth George,
+    'And save him,' says Simon and Sill."
+
+Silence is one of the few Puritan names that found its way into the north
+of England:
+
+    "1741, Dec. 9. Married Robert Thyer to Silence Leigh."--St. Ann,
+    Manchester.
+
+The mother of Silence Leigh, who was a widow when she married, was Silence
+Beswicke ("Memorials of St. Ann, Manchester," p. 55).[43] The name is
+found again in the register of Youlgreave Church, Derbyshire (_Notes and
+Queries_, Feb. 17, 1877). Curiously enough, we find Camden omitting
+Silence as a female name of his day, but inserting Tace. In his list of
+feminine baptismal names, compiled in 1614 ("Remaines," p. 89), he has
+
+    "Tace--Be silent--a fit name to admonish that sex of silence."
+
+Here, then, is another instance of a Latin name translated into English. I
+have lighted on a case proving the antiquary's veracity:
+
+    "Here lieth the body of Tacey, the wife of George Can, of Brockwear,
+    who departed this life 22 day of Feb., An. Dom. 1715, aged 32
+    years."--Hewelsfield, Glouc.
+
+Tace must have lasted a century, therefore. Silence may be set down to
+some old Puritan stickler for the admonition of Saint Paul: "Let the woman
+learn in silence, with all subjection" (1 Tim. ii. 11).
+
+The Epistle to the Romans was a never-failing well-spring to the earnest
+Puritan, and one passage was much applied to his present condition:
+
+    "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through
+    our Lord Jesus Christ: by whom also we have access by faith unto this
+    grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God. And
+    not only so, but we glory in tribulations also: knowing that
+    tribulation worketh patience; and patience, experience; and
+    experience, hope: and hope maketh not ashamed."--v. 1-5.
+
+There is scarcely a word in this passage that is not inscribed on our
+registers between 1575 and 1595. Faith, Grace, and Hope have already been
+mentioned;[44] Camden testified to the existence of Tribulation in 1614;
+Rejoice was very familiar; Patience, of course, was common:
+
+    "1592, July 7. Buried Patience Birche."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1596, Oct. 3. Baptized Pacience, daughter of Martin Tome."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1599, April 23. Baptized Patience, d. of John Harmer."--Warbleton.
+
+Even _Experience_ is found--a strange title for an infant.
+
+    "The Rev. Experience Mayhew, A.M., born Feb. 5, 1673; died of an
+    apoplexy, Nov. 9, 1758."
+
+So ran the epitaph of a missionary (_vide_ _Pulpit_, Dec. 6, 1827) to the
+Vineyard Island. It had been handed on to him, no doubt, from some
+grandfather or grandmother of Elizabeth's closing days.
+
+A late instance of _Diligence_ occurs in St. Peter, Cornhill:
+
+    "1724, Nov. 1. Buried Diligence Constant."
+
+Obedience had a good run, and began very early:
+
+    "1573, Sep. 20. Bapt. Obedience, dather of Thomas Garding.
+
+    "1586, Aug. 28. Bapt. Obedyence, dather of Richard Ellis."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1697, April 30. Bapt. Robert, son of James and Obedience Clark."--St.
+    James, Picadilly.
+
+Obedience Robins is the name of a testator in 1709 (Wills: Archdeaconry of
+London), while the following epitaph speaks for itself:
+
+    "Obedience Newitt, wife of Thomas Newitt, died in 1617, aged 32.
+
+    "Her name and nature did accord,
+    Obedient was she to her Lord."--Burwash, Sussex.
+
+"Add to your faith, virtue," says the Apostle. As a name this grace was
+late in the field:
+
+    "1687, May 25. Married Virtue Radford and Susannah Wright."--West.
+    Abbey.
+
+    "1704, Oct. 20. Buried Virtue, wife of John Higgison."--Marshfield,
+    Glouc.
+
+    "1709, May 6. Buried Vertue Page."--Finchley.
+
+Confidence and Victory were evidently favourites:
+
+    "1587, Jan. 8. Baptized Confydence, d. of Roger Elliard."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1770, Nov. 17, died Confidence, wife of John Thomas, aged 61
+    years."--Bulley, Glouc.
+
+    "1587, Feb. 8. Buryed Vyctorye Buttres."--Elham, Kent.
+
+    "1618, Dec. 9. Buryed Victorye Lussendine."--Ditto.
+
+    "1696, May 17. Bapt. Victory, d. of Joseph Gibbs."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+_Perseverance_ went out with the emigrants to New England, but I do not
+find any instance in the home registers. _Felicity_ appeared in one of our
+law courts last year, so it cannot be said to be extinct; but there is a
+touch of irony in the first of the following examples:--
+
+    "1604-5, March 15. Baptized Felicity, d. of John Barnes,
+    vagarant."--Stepney.
+
+    "1590, July 5. Baptized Felycyte Harris."--Cranbrook.
+
+_Comfort_ has a pleasant atmosphere about it, and many a parent was
+tempted to the use of it. It lingered longer than many of its rivals.
+Comfort Farren's epitaph may be seen on the floor of Tewkesbury Abbey:
+
+    "Comfort, wife of Abraham Farren, gent., of this Corporation, died
+    August 24, 1720."
+
+Again, in Dymock Church we find:
+
+    "_Comfort_, wife to William Davis, died 14 June, 1775, aged 78 years.
+
+    "_Comfort_, their daughter, died 9 Feb., 1760, aged 24 years."
+
+Nearly 150 years before this, however, Comfort Starr was a name not
+unknown to the more heated zealots of the Puritan party. He was a native
+of Ashford, in Kent, and after various restless shiftings as a minister,
+Carlisle being his head-quarters for a time, went to New Plymouth in the
+_Mayflower_, in 1620. There he became fellow of Harvard College, but
+returned to England eventually, and died at Lewes in his eighty-seventh
+year.
+
+Perhaps the most interesting and popular of the grace names was
+"Repentance." In a "new interlude" of the Reformation, entitled the "Life
+and Repentance of Marie Magdalene," and published in 1567, one of the
+chief characters was "Repentance." At the same time Repentance came into
+font use, and, odd as it may sound, bade fair to become a permanently
+recognized name in England:
+
+    "1583, Dec. 8. Married William Arnolde and Repentance Pownoll."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1587, Oct. 22. Baptized Repentance, dather of George
+    Aysherst."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1588, June 30. Baptized Repentance Water."--Cranbrook.
+
+    "1597, Aug. 4. Baptized Repentance, daughter of Robert Benham, of
+    Lymhouse."--Stepney.
+
+    "1612, March 26. Baptized Repentance Wrathe."--Elham, Kent.
+
+    "1688, Dec. 23. Bapt. Repentance, son of Thomas and Mercy
+    Tompson."--St. James, Piccadilly.
+
+In the "Sussex Archæological Collections" (xvii. 148) is found recorded
+the case of Repentance Hastings, deputy portreeve of Seaford, who in 1643
+was convicted of hiding some wreckage:
+
+    "Repentance Hastings, 1 load, 1 cask, 2 pieces of royals."
+
+Evidently his repentance began too early in life to be lasting; but infant
+piety could not be expected to resist the hardening influence of such a
+name as this.[45]
+
+_Humiliation_ was a big word, and that alone must have been in its favour:
+
+    "1629, Jan. 24. Married Humiliation Hinde and Elizabeth Phillips by
+    banes."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Humiliation, being proud of his name, determined to retain it in the
+family--for he had one--but as he had began to worship at St. Dionis
+Backchurch, the entries of baptism lie there, the spelling of his surname
+being slightly altered:
+
+    "1630, Nov. 18. Baptized Humiliation, son of Humiliation Hyne."
+
+This son died March 11, 1631-2. Humiliation _père_, however, did not
+sorrow without hope, for in a few years he again brings a son to the
+parson:
+
+    "1637-8, Jan. 21. Baptized Humiliation, son of Humiliation Hinde."
+
+Humility is preferable to Humiliation. Humility Cooper was one of a
+freight of passengers in the _Mayflower_, who, in 1620, sought a home in
+the West. A few years afterwards Humility Hobbs followed him (Hotten,
+"Emigrants," p. 426):
+
+    "1596, March 13. Baptized Humilitye, sonne of Wylliam
+    Jones."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1688, May 5. Buried Humility, wife of Humphey Paget."--Peckleton,
+    Leic.
+
+Had it not been for Charles Dickens, Humble would not have appeared
+objectionable:
+
+    "1666-1667, Jan. 29. Petition of Dame Frances, wife of Humble Ward,
+    Lord Ward, Baron, of Birmingham."[46]--C. S. P.
+
+All Saints, Leicester, records another saintly grace:
+
+    "Here lieth the body of Abstinence Pougher, Esq., who died Sept. 5,
+    1741, aged 62 years."
+
+In some cases we find the infant represented, not by a grace-name, but as
+in a state of grace. Every register contains one or two Godlies:
+
+    "1579, July 24. Baptized Godlye, d. of Richard Fauterell."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1611, May 1. Baptized Godly, d. of Henry Gray, and Joane his wife.
+    Joane Standmer and Godly Gotherd, sureties."--South Bersted, Sussex.
+
+    "1619, Nov. Baptized Godly, d. of Thomas Edwardes, of
+    Poplar."--Stepney.
+
+    "1632, Oct. 30. Married John Wafforde to Godly Spicer."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Gracious is as objectionable as Godly. Gracious Owen was President of St.
+John's College, Oxford, during the decade 1650-1660.
+
+    "Oct. 24, 1661. Examination of Gracious Franklin: Joshua Jones,
+    minister at the Red Lion, Fleet Street, told him that he heard there
+    were 3000 men about the city maintained by Presbyterian
+    ministers."--C. S. P.
+
+_Lively_, we may presume, referred to spiritual manifestations. A curious
+combination of font name and patronymic is obtained in Lively Moody, D.D.,
+of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1682 (Wood's "Fasti Oxonienses").
+Exactly one hundred years later the name is met with again:
+
+    "1782, July 3. Lively Clarke of this town, sadler, aged
+    60."--Berkeley, Gloucester.
+
+At Warbleton, where the Puritan Heley ministered, it seems to have been
+found wearisome to be continually christening children by the names of
+Repent and Repentance, so a variation was made in the form of
+"Sorry-for-sin:"
+
+    "1589, Jan 25. Baptized Sory-for-sine, the dather of John Coupard."
+
+The following is curious:
+
+    "Thomas Luxford, of Windmill Hill, died Feb. 24, 1739, aged 72 years.
+    He was grandson of Thomas Luxford, of Windmill Hill, by _Changed_
+    Collins, his wife, daughter of Thomas Collins, of Socknash in this
+    county, Esq., and eldest son of Richard Luxford, of
+    Billinghurst."--Wartling Church.
+
+Faithful[47] may close this list:
+
+    "1640, Oct. 18. Baptized Benjamin, son of Faithful Bishop."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+Faithful Rouse settled in New England in 1644 (Bowditch). The following
+despatch mentions another:
+
+    "1666, July 18. Major Beversham and Lieut. Faithful Fortescue are sent
+    from Ireland to raise men."--C. S. P.
+
+Bunyan evidently liked it, and gave the name to the martyr of Vanity Fair:
+
+    "Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive;
+    For though they killed thee, thou art yet alive."
+
+Speaking from a nomenclatural point of view, the name did not survive, for
+the last instance I have met with is that of Faithful Meakin, curate of
+Mobberley, Cheshire, in 1729 (Earwaker, "East Cheshire," p. 99, _n._). It
+had had a run of more than a century, however.
+
+The reader will have observed that the majority of these names have become
+obsolete. The religious apathy of the early eighteenth century was against
+them. They seem to have made their way slowly westward. Certainly their
+latest representatives are to be found in the more retired villages of
+Gloucestershire and Devonshire. A few like Mercy, Faith, Hope, Charity,
+Grace, and Prudence, still survive, and will probably for ever command a
+certain amount of patronage; but they are much more popular in our
+religious story-books than the church registers. The absence of the rest
+is no great loss, I imagine.
+
+
+(_c._) _Exhortatory Names._
+
+The zealots of Elizabeth's later days began to weary of names that merely
+made household words of the apostolic virtues. Many of these sobriquets
+had become popular among the unthinking and careless. They began to stamp
+their offspring with exhortatory sentences, pious ejaculations, brief
+professions of godly sorrow for sin, or exclamations of praise for mercies
+received. I am bound to confess, however, that the prevailing tone of
+these names is rather contradictory of the picture of gloomy sourness
+drawn by the facile pens of Macaulay and Walter Scott. 'Tis true, Anger
+and Wrath existed:
+
+    "1654. Wroth Rogers to be placed on the Commission of Scandalous
+    Ministers."--Scobell's "Acts and Ord. Parl.," 1658.
+
+    "1680, Dec. 22. Buried Anger Bull, packer."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+I dare say he was familiarly termed Angry Bull, like "Savage Bear," a
+gentleman of Kent who was living at the same time, mentioned elsewhere in
+these pages. Nevertheless, in the exhortatory names there is a general air
+of cheerful assurance.
+
+The most celebrated name of this class is Praise-God Barebone. I cannot
+find his baptismal entry. A collection of verses was compiled by one
+Fear-God Barbon, of Daventry (Harleian M.S. 7332). This cannot have been
+his father, as we have evidence that the leatherseller was born about
+1596, and, allowing his parent to be anything over twenty, the date would
+be too early for exhortatory names like Fear-God. We may presume,
+therefore, he was a brother. Two other brothers are said to have been
+entitled respectively, "Jesus-Christ-came-into-the-world-to-save
+Barebone," and "If-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned
+Barebone." I say "entitled," for I doubt whether either received such a
+long string of words in baptism. Brook, in his "History of the Puritans,"
+implies they were; Hume says that both were _adopted_ names, and adds, in
+regard to the latter, that his acquaintance were so wearied with its
+length, that they styled him by the last word as "Damned Barebone." The
+editor of _Notes and Queries_ (March 15, 1862) says that, "as his morals
+were not of the best," this abbreviated form "appeared to suit him better
+than his entire baptismal prefix." Whether the title was given at the font
+or adopted, there is no doubt that he was familiarly known as Dr. Damned
+Barebone. This was more curt than courteous.
+
+Of Praise-God's history little items have leaked out. He began life as a
+leatherseller in Fleet Street, and owned a house under the sign of the
+"Lock and Key," in the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-West. He was admitted
+a freeman of the Leathersellers' Company, January 20, 1623. He was a Fifth
+Monarchy man, if a tract printed in 1654, entitled "A Declaration of
+several of the Churches of Christ, and Godly People, in and about the City
+of London," etc., which mentions "the Church which walks with Mr.
+Barebone," refers to him. This, however, may be Fear-God Barebone.
+Praise-God was imprisoned after the Restoration, but after a while
+released, and died, at the age of eighty or above, in obscurity. His life,
+which was not without its excitements, was spent in London, and possibly
+his baptismal entry will be found there.
+
+A word or two about his surname. The elder Disraeli says ("Curiosities of
+Literature")--
+
+    "There are unfortunate names, which are very injurious to the cause in
+    which they are engaged; for instance, the long Parliament in
+    Cromwell's time, called by derision the Rump, was headed by one
+    Barebones, a leatherseller."
+
+Isaac Disraeli has here perpetuated a mistake. Barebone's Parliament was
+the Parliament of Barebone, not Barebones. Peck, in his "Desiderata
+Curiosa," speaking of a member of the family who died in 1646, styles him
+Mr. Barborne; while Echard writes the name Barbon, when referring to Dr.
+Barbon, one of the chief rebuilders of the city of London after the Fire.
+Between Barebones and Barbon is a wide gap, and Barbon's Parliament
+suggests nothing ludicrous whatsoever. Yet (if we set aside the baptismal
+name) what an amount of ridicule has been cast over this same Parliament
+on account of a surname which in reality has been made to meet the
+occasion. No historian has heaped more sarcasm on the "Rump" than Hume,
+but he never styles the leatherseller as anything but "Barebone."
+
+But while _Praise-God_ has obtained exceptional notoriety, not so
+_Faint-not_, and yet there was a day when Faint-not bade fair to take its
+place as a regular and recognized name. I should weary the reader did I
+furnish a full list of instances. Here are a few:
+
+    "1585, March 6. Baptized Faynt-not, d. of James Browne."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1590, Jan. 17. Baptized Faynt-not Wood."--Cranbrook.
+
+    "1631, ----. Thomas Perse married Faint-not Kennarde."--Chiddingly.
+
+    "1642, Aug. 2. Married John Pierce and Faint-not Polhill,
+    widow."--Burwash, Sussex.
+
+This Faint-not Polhill was mother of Edward Polhill, a somewhat celebrated
+writer of his day. She married her first husband December 11, 1616.
+
+    "1678, Feb. 12. Buried Faint-not Blatcher, a poor old
+    widdow."--Warbleton.
+
+The rents of certain houses which provided an exhibition for the boys of
+Lewes Grammar School were paid in 1692 as usual. One item is set down as
+follows:
+
+    "Faint-not Batchelor's house, per annum, £6 0 0."--"Hist. and Ant.
+    Lewes," i. 311.
+
+_Faint-not_ occurs in Maresfield Church ("Suss. Arch. Coll.," xiv. 151).
+We have already referred to Faint-not, the daughter of "Dudley Fenner,
+minister of the Word of God" at Marden, Kent.
+
+Fear-not was also in use. The Rector of Warbleton baptized one of his own
+children by the name; some of his parishioners copied him:
+
+    "1594, Nov. 10. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Richard Maye.
+
+    "1589, Oct. 19. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Will{m}. Browne."
+
+Decidedly cheerful were such names as Hope-still or Hopeful. Both occur in
+Banbury Church. Hopeful Wheatley has already been mentioned.
+
+    "1611, June 16. Baptized Hope-still, d. to Edward Peedle.
+
+    "1697, Dec. 30. Buried Hope-still Faxon, a olde mayde."
+
+Whether or no her matrimonial expectations were still high to the end, we
+are not told.
+
+One of the earliest Pilgrim Fathers was Hope-still Foster (Hotten, p. 68).
+He went out to New England about 1620. His name became a common one out
+there. Two bearers of the name at home lived so long that it reached the
+Georges:
+
+    "Near this place is interred the body of John Warden, of Butler's
+    Green in this parish, Esq., who died April 30, 1730, aged 79 years;
+    and also of _Hope-still_, his wife, who died July 22, 1749, aged
+    92."--Cuckfield Church, Sussex.
+
+    "Dec. 1, 1714. Administration of goods of Michael Watkins, granted to
+    Hope-still Watkins, his widow."--C. S. P.
+
+In the list of incumbents of Lydney, Gloucestershire, will be found the
+name of _Help-on-high_ Foxe, who was presented to the living by the Dean
+and Chapter of Hereford in 1660. For some reason or other, possibly to
+curtail the length, he styled himself in general as Hope-well, and this
+was retained on his tomb:
+
+    "Hic in Cristo quiescit Hope-wel Foxe, in artibus magister, hujus
+    ecclesiæ vicarius vigilantissimus qui obiit 2 die Aprilis,
+    1662."--Bigland's "Monuments of Gloucester."
+
+How quickly such names were caught up by parishioners from their clergy
+may again be seen in the case of Hope-well Voicings, of Tetbury, who left
+a rentcharge of £1 for the charity schools at Cirencester in 1720.
+Probably he was christened by the vicar himself at Lydney.
+
+We have already mentioned Rejoice Lord, of Salehurst. The name had a
+tremendous run:
+
+    "1647, June 22. Buried Rejoice, daughter of John Harvey.
+
+    "1679, Oct. 18. Baptized Rejoice, daughter of Nicholas
+    Wratten."--Warbleton.
+
+_Rejoice_ reached the eighteenth century:
+
+    "1713, Sep. 29. Married John Pimm, of St. Dunstan's, Cant., to
+    _Rejoice_ Epps, of the precincts of this church."--Cant. Cath.
+
+_Magnify_ and _Give-thanks_ frequently occur in Warbleton register:
+
+    "1595, Dec. 7. Buried Gyve-thanks Bentham, a child.
+
+    "1593, M{ch}. 11. Baptized Give-thanks, the dather of Thomas Elliard.
+
+    "1591, Feb. 6. Baptized Magnyfy, sonne of William Freeland.
+
+    "1587, Sep. 17. Baptized Magnyfye, sonne of Thomas Beard.
+
+    "1587, April 2. Baptized Give-thankes, sonne of Thomas Cunsted."
+
+It is from the same register we obtain examples of an exhortatory name
+known to have existed at this time, viz. "Be-thankful." A dozen cases
+might be cited:
+
+    "1586, Feb. 6. Baptized Be-thankfull, the dather of Abell Tyerston.
+
+    "1601, Nov. 8. Baptized Be-thankfull, d. of James Gyles.
+
+    "1617, Nov. 27. Married Thomas Flatt and Be-thankefull Baker.
+
+    "1662, May 9. Buried Be-thankeful Giles."
+
+Thus Miss Giles bore her full name for over sixty years: and, I dare say,
+was very proud of it.[48]
+
+Besides Be-thankful, there was "Be-strong:"
+
+    "1592, Nov. 26. Baptized Be-strong Philpott."--Cranbrook.
+
+Many of the exhortatory names related to the fallen nature of man. One
+great favourite at Warbleton was "Sin-deny." It was coined first by Heley,
+the Puritan rector, in 1588, for one of his own daughters. Afterwards the
+entries are numerous. Two occur in one week:
+
+    "1592, April 23. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of Richard Tebb.
+
+    "     "      29. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of William Durant.
+
+    "1594, March  9. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of Edward Outtered."
+
+This name seems to have been monopolized by the girls. One instance only
+to the contrary can I find:
+
+    "1588, Feb. 9. Baptized Sin-dynye, sonne of Andrew Champneye."
+
+Still keeping to the same register, we find of this class:
+
+    "1669, Jan. 21. Buried Refrayne Benny, a widdow.
+
+    "1586, May 15. Baptized Refrayne, dather of John Celeb.
+
+    "1586, April 24. Baptized Repent, sonne of William Durant.
+
+    "1587, July 16. Baptized Returne, sonne of Rychard Farret.
+
+    "1587, Aug. 6. Baptized Obey, sonne of Rychard Larkford.
+
+    "1587, Dec. 24. Baptized Depend, sonne of Edward Outtered.
+
+    "1588, Ap. 7. Baptized Feare-God, sonne of John Couper.
+
+    "1608, Aug. 14. Baptized Repent Champney, a basterd.
+
+    "1595. Maye 18. Baptized Refrayne, d. of John Wykes."
+
+Many registers contain "Repent." Cranbrook has an early one:
+
+    "1586, Jan. 1. Baptized Repent Boorman."
+
+_Abuse-not_ is quaint:
+
+    "1592, Sep. 17. Baptized Abuse-not, d. of Rychard Ellis.
+
+    "1592, Dec. 3. Baptized Abus-not, d. of John Collier."--Warbleton.
+
+The last retained her name:
+
+    "1603, Maye 20. Buried Abuse-not Collyer."
+
+Here, again, are two curious entries:
+
+    "1636, March 19. Baptized Be-steadfast, sonne of Thomas Elliard.
+
+    "1589, Nov. 9. Baptized Learn-wysdome, d. of Rychard Ellis."
+
+These also are extracts from the Warbleton registers. None of them,
+however, can be more strongly exhortatory than this:
+
+    "1660, April 15. Baptized Hate-evill, d. of Antony
+    Greenhill."--Banbury.
+
+Doubtless she was related to William Greenhill, born 1581, the great
+Puritan commentator on Ezekiel. This cannot be the earliest instance of
+the name, for one Hate-evill Nutter was a settler in New England twenty
+years before her baptism (Bowditch). I suspect its origin can be traced to
+the following:--
+
+    "1580, June 25. Baptized Hatill (Hate-ill), sonne of Will{m}. Wood.
+
+    "1608, Nov. 17. Baptized Hatill, sonne to Antony
+    Robinson."--Middleton-Cheney.
+
+As Middleton-Cheney is a mere outlying parish from Banbury, I think we may
+see whence Hate-evil Greenhill's name was derived.
+
+Returning once more to Warbleton, _Lament_ is so common there, as in other
+places, that it would be absurd to suppose the mother had died in
+childbirth in every instance. A glance at the register of deaths disproves
+the idea. The fact is _Lament_ was used, like Repent, as a serious call to
+godly sorrow for sin:
+
+    "1594, July 22. Baptized Lament, d. of Antony Foxe.
+
+    "1598, May 14. Baptized Lament, d. of John Fauterell.
+
+    "1600, M{ch} 29. Baptized Lament, d. of Anne Willard."
+
+But we must not linger too much at Warbleton.
+
+_Live-well_ commanded much attention. Neither sex could claim the monopoly
+of it, as my examples prove. At the beginning of Charles II.'s reign, a
+warrant was abroad for the capture of one Live-well Chapman, a seditious
+printer. In such a charge it is possible he fulfilled the pious injunction
+of his god-parent:
+
+    "1662-3, March 9. Warrant to apprehend Live-well Chapman,[49] with all
+    his printing instruments and materials."--C. S. P.
+
+He is mentioned again:
+
+    "1663, Nov. 24. Warrant to Sir Edward Broughton to receive Live-well
+    Chapman, and keep him close prisoner for seditious practices."--C. S.
+    P.
+
+This is no unique case. Live-well Sherwood, an alderman of Norwich, was
+put on a commission for sequestering papists in 1643 (Scobell's "Orders of
+Parl.," p. 38).
+
+Again the name occurs:
+
+    "1702, Oct. 15. Thomas Halsey, of Shadwell, widower, to Live-well
+    Prisienden, of Stepney."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+_Love-God_ is found twice, at least, for letters of administration in the
+case of one Love-God Gregory were granted in 1654. Also is found:
+
+    "1596, March 6. Baptized Love-God, daughter of Hugh Walker,
+    vicar."--Berwick, Sussex.
+
+_Do-good_ is exhortatory enough, but it rather smacks of works; hence,
+possibly, the reason why I have only seen it once. A list of the trained
+bands under Lord Zouch, Lord Warden of Hastings, 1619, includes--
+
+    "_Musketts_, James Knight, Doo-good Fuller, Thomas Pilcher."--"Arch.
+    Soc. Coll." (Sussex), xiv. 102.
+
+_Fare-well_ seems a shade more worldly than Live-well, but was common
+enough:
+
+    "1589, July 16, Baptized Fare-well, son of Thomas Hamlen, gent."--St.
+    Dunstan-in-the-West, London.
+
+    "1723, Sep. 5. Buried Mr. Fare-well Perry, rector of St.
+    Peter's."--Marlborough.
+
+A writer in _Notes and Queries_, September 9, 1865 (Mr. Lloyd of
+Thurstonville), says--
+
+    "A man named Sykes, resident in this locality, had four sons whom he
+    named respectively Love-well, Do-well, Die-well, and Fare-well. Sad to
+    say, Fare-well Sykes met an untimely end by drowning, and was buried
+    this week (eleventh Sunday after Trinity) in Lockwood churchyard. The
+    brothers Live-well, Do-well, and Die-well were the chief mourners on
+    the occasion."
+
+It seems almost impossible that the father should have restored three of
+the Puritan names accidentally. Probably he had seen or heard of these
+names in some Yorkshire church register. One of these names, Farewell, is
+still used in the county, as the directories show. I see Fare-well
+Wardley, in Sheffield, in the West Riding Directory for 1867.
+
+This closes the exhortatory class. It is both numerous and interesting,
+and some of its instances grew very familiar, and looked as if they might
+find a permanent place in our registers. The eighteenth century saw them
+all succumb, however.
+
+
+(_d._) _Accidents of Birth._
+
+Evidently it was a Puritan notion that a quiverful of children was a
+matter for thanksgiving. There is a pleasant ring in some of the names
+selected by religious gossips at this time, or witnesses, as I should
+rather term them. _Free-gift_ was one such, and was on the point of
+becoming an accepted English name, when the Restoration stepped in, and it
+had to follow the way of the others. It began with the Presbyterian
+clergy, judging by the date of its rise:[50]
+
+    "1616, ----. Buried Mary, wiffe of Free-gift Mabbe."--Chiddingly,
+    Sussex.
+
+    "1621, ----. Baptized John, son of Free-gift Bishopp."--Ditto.
+
+    "1591, Jan. 14. Baptized Fre-gift, sonne of Abraham
+    Bayley."--Warbleton.
+
+The will of Free-gift Stacey was proved in 1656 in London; while a
+subsidy obtained by an unpopular tax on fires, hearths, and stoves in
+1670, rates a resident in Chichester thus:
+
+    "Free-gift Collins, two hearths."--"Suss. Arch. Coll.," xxiv. 81.
+
+The last instance I have seen is:
+
+    "Dec. 4, 1700. The petition of Free-gift Pilkington, wife of Richard
+    Pilkington, late port-master of Ipswich, county Suffolk."--C. S. P.
+
+_Good-gift_ was rarer:
+
+    "1618, March 28. Bapt. John, sonne of Goodgift Gynninges."--Warbleton.
+
+One of the earliest Puritan eccentricities was _From-above_, mentioned by
+Camden as existing in 1614:
+
+    "1582, March 10. Baptized From-above Hendley."--Cranbrook.
+
+A subsidy collected within the rape of Lewes in 1621 records:
+
+    "From-above Hendle, gent, in landes, 30 4 0."--"Suss. Arch. Coll.,"
+    lx. 71.
+
+Many of these names suggest thanksgiving for an "addition to the family."
+_More-fruit_ is one such:
+
+    "1587, June 6. Baptized More-fruite Stone, of Steven."--Berwick,
+    Sussex.
+
+    "1592, Oct. 1. Baptized More-fruite Starre."[51]--Cranbrook.
+
+    "1599, Nov. 4. Baptized More-fruite, d. of Richard
+    Barnet."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1608, Aug. 28. Baptized More-frute, d. of Rychard Curtes."--Ditto.
+
+We have already referred to More-fruit Fenner, christened about the same
+time.
+
+The great command to Adam and Eve was, "Multiply, and replenish the
+earth." Some successor of Thomas Heley thought it no harm to emphasize
+this at the font:
+
+    "1677, May 14. Buried Replenish, ye wife of Robert French."
+
+But "Increase" or "Increased" was the representative of this class of
+thanksgiving names, in palpable allusion to Psa. cxv. 14:
+
+    "The Lord shall increase you more and more, you and your children."
+
+I could easily furnish the reader with half a hundred instances. It is
+probable Thomas Heley was the inventor of it. The earliest example I can
+find is that of his own child:
+
+    "1587, March 26. Baptized Increased, dather of Thomas Helley,
+    minister.
+
+    "1637, Sep. 15. Buried Increase, wife of Robard Barden.
+
+    "1589, Apr. 13. Baptized Increased, d. of John Gynninges."--Warbleton.
+
+One or two instances from other quarters may be noted:
+
+    "1660, June. Petition of Increased Collins, for restoration to the
+    keepership of Mote's Bulwark, Dover."--C. S. P.
+
+Dr. Increase Mather, of the Liverpool family of that name, will be a
+familiar figure to every student of Puritan history. In 1685 he returned
+from America to thank King James for the Toleration Act. Through him it
+became a popular name in New England, although Increase Nowell, who
+obtained a charter of appropriation of Massachusetts Bay, March 4, 1628,
+and emigrated from London, may have helped in the matter (Neal's "New
+England," p. 124).
+
+The perils of childbirth are marked in the thanksgiving name of
+Deliverance. So early as 1627 the will of Deliverance Wilton was proved in
+London. Camden, too, writing in 1614, says "Delivery" was known to him;
+while Adams, whose Puritan proclivities I have previously hinted at,
+preaching in London in 1626, asserts that Safe-deliverance existed to his
+knowledge ("Meditations upon the Creed"). Deliverance crossed the Atlantic
+with the Pilgrim Fathers (Bowditch), and I see one instance, at least, in
+Hotten's "Emigrants:"
+
+    "1670, Feb. 18. Buried Deliverance Addison."--Christ Church, Barbados.
+
+    "Deliverance Hobbs and Deliverance Dane were both examined in the
+    great trial for witchcraft at Salem, June 2, 1692."--Neal, "New
+    England," pp. 533, 506.
+
+The last instance, probably, at home is--
+
+    "1757, Jan. 7. Buried Deliverance Branan."--Donnybrook, Dublin (_Notes
+    and Queries_).
+
+This "Deliverance" must have been especially common. One more instance: in
+the will of Anne Allport, sen., of Cannock, Stafford, dated March 25,
+1637, mention is made of "my son-in-law Deliverance Fennyhouse" (_vide_
+_Notes and Queries_, Dec. 8, 1860, W. A. Leighton).
+
+Much-mercy is characteristic:
+
+    "1598, May 22. Baptized Much-mercie Harmer, a child."--Warbleton.
+
+This is but one more proof of Heley's influence, for he had baptized one
+of his own sons "Much-mercy" in 1585.
+
+Perhaps a sense of undeserved mercies caused the following:
+
+    "1589, Sep. 28. Baptized No-merit, dather of Stephen
+    Vynall."--Warbleton.
+
+That babes are cherubs, if not seraphs, every mother knows; but it is not
+often the fact is recorded in our church registers. Peculiar thankfulness
+must have been felt here:
+
+    "On Dec. 11, 1865, aged seventy-eight years, died Cherubin
+    Diball."--_Notes and Queries_, 4th Series, ii. 130.
+
+And two hundred years previously, _i.e._ 1678, _Seraphim_ Marketman is
+referred to in the last testament of John Kirk. But was it gratitude,
+after all? We have all heard of the wretched father who would persist in
+having the twins his wife presented to him christened by the names of
+Cherubin and Seraphim, on the ground that "they continually do cry."
+Perhaps Cherubin Diball and Seraphim Marketman made noise enough for two!
+
+But if the father of the twins was not as thankful for his privilege as he
+ought to have been, others were. _Thanks_ and _Thankful_ were not unknown
+to our forefathers. One of the earliest instances I can find is the
+marriage lines of Thankful Hepden:
+
+    "1646, July 16. Thankfull Hepden and Fraunces Bruer."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+In Peck's "Desiderata Curiosa" (p. 537) we read:
+
+    "Dec. M.D.CLVI. Mr. Thankful Frewen's corps carried through London, to
+    be interred in Sussex."
+
+Thankful's father was John Frewen, Rector of Northiam, the eminent Puritan
+already referred to. _Accepted_, the elder son's name, belongs to this
+same class. _Thankful_ seems to have become a favourite in that part of
+the country, and to have lingered for a considerable time. In the "History
+of the Town and Port of Rye" we find (p. 466):
+
+    "Christmas, 1723. Assessment for repairs of highways: Mr. Thankful
+    Bishop paid 7{s} 6{d}."
+
+Again, so late as 1749 we find the death of another Thankful Frewen
+recorded, who had been Rector of Northiam for sixteen years, christened,
+no doubt, in memory of his predecessor of a century gone by.[52] Thankful
+Owen was brother to Gracious Owen, president of St. John's, Oxford,
+1650-1660.
+
+One more instance will suffice. The will of Thanks Tilden was proved in
+1698. No wonder the name was sufficiently familiar to be embodied in one
+of the political skits of the Commonwealth period:
+
+    "'O, very well said,' quoth Con;
+      'And so will I do,' says Frank;
+    And Mercy cries 'Aye,' and Mat, 'Really,'
+      'And I'm o' that mind,' quoth _Thank_."
+
+Possibly the sentence "unfeignedly thankful" suggested the other word
+also; any way, it existed:
+
+    "1586, April 1. Baptized Unfeigned, sonne of Roger
+    Elliard."--Warbleton.
+
+The estate of Unfeigned Panckhurst was administered upon in 1656.
+
+From every side we see traces of the popularity of Thankful. During the
+restoration of Hawkhurst Church, a small tombstone was discovered below
+the floor, with an inscription to the "memory of Elizabeth, daughter of
+_Thankful_ Bishop, of Hawkhurst, gent., who died January 2, 1680" ("Arch.
+Cant.," iv. 108). In the churchwarden's book of the same place occurs this
+curious item:
+
+    "1675. Received by Thankfull Thorpe, churchwarden in the year 1675, of
+    Richard Sharpe of Bennenden, the summe of one pound for shouting of a
+    hare."--"Arch. Cant.," v. 75.
+
+Several names seem to breathe assurance and trust in imminent peril.
+Perhaps both mother and child were in danger. _Preserved_ is distinctly of
+this class:
+
+    "Here lieth the body of Preserved, the daughter of Thomas Preserved
+    Emms, who departed this life in the 18th year of her age, on the 17th
+    of November, MDCCXII."--St. Nicholas, Yarmouth.
+
+    "1588, Aug. 1. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Thomas Holman.
+
+    "1594, Nov. 17. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Roger Caffe."--Warbleton.
+
+Preserved Fish, whose name appeared for many years in the New York
+Directory, did not get his name this way. A friend of his informs me that,
+about eighty-five years ago, a vessel was wrecked on the New Jersey coast,
+and when washed ashore, a little child was discovered secured in one of
+the berths, the only living thing left. The finder named the boy
+"Preserved Fish," and he bore it through a long and honoured life to the
+grave, having made for himself a good position in society.
+
+_Beloved_ would naturally suggest itself to grateful parents:
+
+    "1672, July 10. Buried Anne, wife of Beeloved King."--Warbleton.
+
+This name is also found in St. Matthew, Friday Street, London.
+
+_Joy-in-Sorrow_ is the story of Rachel and Benoni over again:
+
+    "1595. On the last daye of August the daughter of Edward Godman was
+    baptized and named Joye-in-Sorrow."--Isfield, Sussex.
+
+_Lamentation_ tells its own tale, unless taken from the title of one of
+the Old Testament books:
+
+    "Plaintiff, Lamentation Chapman: Bill to stay proceedings on a bond
+    relating to a tenement and lands in the parish of Borden,
+    Kent."--"Proc. in Chancery, Eliz.," i. 149.
+
+We have already mentioned _Safe-on-high_ Hopkinson, christened at
+Salehurst in 1591, and _Help-on-high_ Foxe, incumbent of Lydney,
+Gloucester, in 1661. The former died a few days after baptism, and the
+event seems to have been anticipated in the name selected.
+
+The termination _on-high_ was popular. _Stand-fast-on-high_ Stringer dwelt
+at Crowhurst, in Sussex, about the year 1635, as will be proved shortly,
+and _Aid-on-high_ is twice met with:
+
+    "1646, June 6. Letters of administration taken out in the estate of
+    Margery Maddock, of Ross, Hereford, by Aid-on-high Maddock, her
+    husband."
+
+    "1596, July 19. Stephen Vynall had a sonne baptized, and was named
+    Aid-on-hye."--Isfield, Sussex.[53]
+
+The three following are precatory, and we may infer that the life of
+either mother or child was endangered:
+
+    "1618, ----. Married Restore Weekes to Constant Semar."--Chiddingly.
+
+    "1613, ----. Baptized Have-mercie, d. of Thomas Stone."--Berwick,
+    Sussex.
+
+A monument at Cobham, Surrey, commemorates the third:
+
+    "Hereunder lies interred the body of Aminadab Cooper, citizen and
+    merchaunt taylor of London, who left behind him God-helpe, their only
+    sonne. Hee departed this life the 23{d} June, 1618."
+
+Still less hopeful of augury was the following:
+
+    "1697, July 6. Weakly Ekins, citizen and grocer, London."--"Inquisit.
+    of Lunacy," Rec. Office MSS.
+
+What about him? His friends brought him forward as a case for the
+Commissioners of Lunacy to take in hand, on the ground that he was weak of
+intellect, and unfit to manage his business. It might be asked whether
+such a name was not likely to drive him to the state specified in the
+petition.
+
+While on the subject of birth, we may notice that the Presbyterian clergy
+were determined to visit the sins of the parents on the children in cases
+of illegitimacy. A few instances must suffice:
+
+    "1589, Aug. 3. Baptized Helpless Henley, a bastard."--Berwick, Sussex.
+
+    "1608, Aug. 14. Baptized Repent Champney, a bastard."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1599, May 13. Baptized Repentance, d. of Martha Henley, a
+    bastard."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1600, M{ch}. 26. Baptized Lament, d. of Anne Willard, a
+    bastard."--Ditto.
+
+    "1600, April 13. Baptized Repentance Gilbert, a bastard."--Cranbrook.
+
+    "1598, Jan. 27. Baptized Forsaken, filius meretricis Agnetis
+    Walton."--Sedgefield.
+
+    "1609, Dec. 17. Baptized Flie-fornication, the bace son of Catren
+    Andrewes."--Waldron.
+
+This is more kindly, but an exceptional case:
+
+    "1609, Nov. 25. Baptized Fortune, daughter of Dennis Judie, and in sin
+    begoten."--Middleton-Cheney.
+
+
+(_e._) _General._
+
+There is a batch of names which was especially common, and which hardly
+appears to be of Puritan origin; I mean names presaging good fortune.
+Doubtless, however, they were at first used, in a purely spiritual sense,
+of the soul's prosperity; and afterwards, by more worldly minds, were
+referred to the good things of this life.
+
+_Fortune_ became a great favourite:
+
+    "1607, Oct. 4. Baptized Fortune Gardyner."--St. Giles, Camberwell.
+
+    "1642, ----. Baptized Fortune, daughter of Thomas Patchett."--Ludlow,
+    Shropshire.
+
+    "1652-3, M{ch}. 10. Married Mr. John Barrington and Mrs. Fortune
+    Smith."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1723, April 8. Buried Fortune Symons, aged 111 years."--Hammersmith.
+
+If Fortune meant fulness of years, it was attained in this last example.
+
+_Wealthy_ is equally curious:
+
+    "1665 [no date]. Petition of Wealthy, lawful wife of Henry Halley, and
+    one of the Duke of York's guards."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1714, April 25. Buried Wealthy Whathing."--Donnybrook, Dublin.[54]
+
+    "1704, Aug. 18, died Riches Browne, gent., aged 62."--Scarning,
+    Norfolk.
+
+The father of this Riches was also Riches, and was married to the daughter
+of John Nabs! (_vide_ Blomefield, vi. 5).
+
+Several names may be set in higgledy-piggledy fashion, for they belong to
+no class, and are _sui generis_.
+
+Pleasant[55] is found several times:
+
+    "1681, Nov. 8. Christened Pleasant, daughter of Robert Tarlton."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1725, Dec. 18. William Whiteing, of Chislett, to Pleasant Burt, of
+    Reculver."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1728, Nov. 3. Buried Pleasant Smith, late wife of Mr. John
+    Smith."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+The following, no doubt, had a political as well as spiritual allusion. It
+occurs several times in the New York Directory of the present year:
+
+    "1689, March 4. Petition of Freeman Howes, controller of Chichester
+    port."--"C. S. P. Treasury."
+
+    "1691, Sep. 21. Petition of Freeman Collins."--Ditto.
+
+    "1661. Petition of Freeman Sonds."--"C. S. P. Domestic."[56]
+
+What a freak of fancy is commemorated in the following:
+
+    "1698, June 23. Examination of Isaac Cooper, Thomas Abraham, and
+    Centurian Lucas."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1660, June. Petition of Handmaid, wife of Aaron Johnson."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1661, August 29. Baptized Miracle, son of George Lessa."--New
+    Buckenham.
+
+    "1728. Married John Foster to Beulah Digby."--Somerset House Chapel.
+
+The Trinity in Unity were not held in proper reverence; for _Trinity_
+Langley fought in the army of Cromwell, while _Unity_ Thornton (St. James,
+Piccadilly, 1680) and _Unity_ Awdley ("Top. et. Gen.," viii. 201) appear a
+little later:
+
+    "1694, Jan. 8. James Commelin to Mrs. Unitie Awdrey."--Market
+    Lavington.
+
+    "1668, Feb. 15. Baptized Unity, son of John Brooks."--Banbury.
+
+_Providence_ Hillershand died August 14, 1749, aged 72 (Bicknor,
+Gloucester). Providence was a _he_.
+
+    "1752, Nov. 5. Buried Selah, d. of Ric. and Diana Collins."--Dyrham,
+    Gloucestershire.
+
+    "1586, April 10. Baptized My-sake Hallam."--Cranbrook.
+
+Biblical localities were much resorted to:
+
+    "1616, Nov. 26. Baptized Bethsaida, d. of Humphrey Trenouth."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1700, June 6. Buried Canaan, wife of John Hatton, 55
+    years."--Forthampton, Gloucestershire.
+
+    "1706, April 27. Married Eden Hardy to Esther Pantall."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1695, Dec. 15. Baptized Richard, son of Richard and Nazareth
+    Rudde."--St. James, Piccadilly.
+
+_Nazareth_ Godden's will was administrated upon in 1662. _Battalion_
+Shotbolt was defendant in a suit in the eleventh year of Queen Anne
+(Decree Rolls, Record Office). The following is odd:
+
+    "1683, Oct. 11. Buried Mr. _Inward_ Ansloe."--Cant. Cath.
+
+
+V. A SCOFFING WORLD.
+
+While these strange pranks were being played, the world was not asleep.
+Calamy seems to have discovered a source of melancholy satisfaction in the
+fact that the quaint names of his brethren were subjected to the raillery
+of a wicked world. One of the ejected ministers was Sabbath Clark,
+minister of Tarvin, Cheshire. Of him he writes:
+
+    "He had been constant minister of the parish for nigh upon sixty
+    years. He carried Puritanism in his very name, by which his good
+    father intended he should bear the memorial of God's Holy Day. This
+    was a course that some in those times affected, baptizing their
+    children Reformation, Discipline, etc., as the affections of their
+    parents stood engaged. For this they have sufficiently suffered from
+    Profane Wits, and this worthy person did so in particular. Yet his
+    name was not a greater offence to such persons than his holy life."
+
+Probably Calamy was referring to the "profane wit" Dr. Cosin, Bishop of
+Chester, who, in a visitation held at Warrington about the year 1643, is
+said to have acted as follows:--
+
+    "A minister, called Sabbaith Clerke, the Doctor re-baptized, took's
+    marke, and call'd him Saturday."
+
+That this was a deliberate insult, and not a pleasantry, Calamy, of
+course, would stoutly maintain. Hence the above sample of holy ire.
+
+Many of the names in the list I have recorded must have met with the
+good-humoured raillery of the every-day folk the strangely stigmatized
+bearer might meet. I suppose in good time, however, the owner, and the
+people he was accustomed to mix with, got used to it. It is true they must
+have resorted, not unfrequently, to curter forms, much after the fashion
+of the now almost forgotten nick forms of the Plantagenet days.
+Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith is a very large mouthful, if you come to try
+it, and I dare say Mr. White or Brown, whoever he might be, did not so
+strongly urge as he ought to have done the gross impropriety of his
+friends recognizing him by the simple style of "Faith" or "Fight." Fancy
+at a dinner, in a day that had not invented the convenient practice of
+calling a man by his surname, having to address a friend across the table,
+"Please, Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, pass the pepper!" The thing was
+impossible. Even Help-on-high was found cumbersome, and, as we have seen,
+the Rector of Lydney curtailed it.
+
+A curious instance of waggery anent this matter of length will be found in
+the register of St. Helen, Bishopgate. The entry is dated 1611, just the
+time when the dramatists were making fun of this Puritanic innovation, and
+when the custom was most popular:
+
+    "Sept. 1, 1611. Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, being borne the last of
+    August in the lane going to Sir John Spencer's back-gate, and there
+    laide in a heape of seacole asshes, was baptized the ffirst day of
+    September following, and dyed the next day after."
+
+This is confirmed by the burial records:
+
+    "Sept. 2, 1611. Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, as is mentioned in the
+    register of christenings."
+
+The reference, of course, is to Job ii. 8:
+
+    "And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down
+    among the ashes."
+
+This was somewhat grim fun, though. Probably _Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes_,
+during his brief life, would be styled by the curter title of "Ashes." It
+is somewhat curious to notice that Camden, writing three years later, says
+Ashes existed. Perhaps this was the instance.
+
+A similar instance of waggery is found in the parish church of Old
+Swinford, where the following entry occurs:--
+
+    "1676, Jan. 18. Baptized
+    Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar, sonn of
+    Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar Williams."
+
+Allowing the father to be thirty years of age, the paternal christening
+would take place in 1646, which would be a likely time in the political
+history of England for a mimical hit at Puritan eccentricity.
+
+
+(_a._) _The Playwrights._
+
+There is a capital scene in "The Ordinary" (1634), where Andrew Credulous,
+after trolling out a verse of nonsensical rhyme against the Puritan names,
+says to his friends Hearsay and Slicer, in allusion to these new long and
+uncouth names:
+
+                          "Andrew the Great Turk?
+    I would I were a peppercorn, if that
+    It sounds not well. Doe'st not?
+      _Slicer._ Yes, very well.
+      _Credulous._ I'll make it else great Andrew Mahomet,
+    _Imperious Andrew Mahomet Credulous_.
+    Tell me which name sounds best.
+      _Hearsay._ That's as you speak 'em.
+      _Credulous._ Oatmealman Andrew! Andrew Oatmealman!
+      _Hearsay._ Ottoman, sir, you mean.
+      _Credulous._ Yes, Ottoman."
+
+"Oatmealman Andrew! Andrew Oatmealman!" seems to have suggested to
+Thomson that unfortunate line:
+
+    "O Sophonisba, Sophonisba O,"
+
+so unkindly parodied into--
+
+    "O Jemmy Thomson, Jemmy Thomson O."
+
+From this quotation it will be seen that it is not to the church register
+alone we must turn, to discover the manner in which these new names were
+being received by the public. Calamy might wax wroth over the "profane
+wits" of the day, but one of the severest blows administered to the men he
+has undertaken to defend, came from his own side; for Thomas Adams, Rector
+of St. Benet, Paul's Wharf, must unquestionably be placed, even by
+Calamy's own testimony, among the Puritan clergy of his day. His name does
+not appear in the list of silenced clergy, and his works are dedicated to
+pronounced friends of the Noncomformist cause. In his "Meditations upon
+the Creed" (vol. iii. p. 213, edit. 1872), first published in 1629, he
+says--
+
+    "Some call their sons _Emanuel_: this is too bold. The name is proper
+    to Christ, therefore not to be communicated to any creature. It is no
+    less than presumption to give a subject's son the style of his prince.
+    Yea, it seems to me not fit for Christian humility to call a man
+    _Gabriel_ or _Michael_, giving the names of angels to the sons of
+    mortality.
+
+    "On the other side, it is a petulant absurdity to give them ridiculous
+    names, the very rehearsing whereof causeth laughter. There be certain
+    affectate names which mistaken zeal chooseth for honour, but the event
+    discovers a proud singularity. It was the speech of a famous prophet,
+    _Non sum melior patribus meis_--'I am no better than my fathers;' but
+    such a man will be _sapientior patribus suis_--'Wiser than his
+    fathers.' As if they would tie the goodness of the person to the
+    signification of the name. But still a man is what he is, not what he
+    is called; he were the same, with or without that title or that name.
+    And we have known _Williams_ and _Richards_, names not found in sacred
+    story, but familiar to our country, prove as gracious saints as any
+    _Safe-deliverance_, _Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith_, or such like,
+    which have been rather descriptions than names."
+
+I have quoted portions of this before. I have now given it in full, for it
+is trenchant, and full of common sense. Coming from the quarter it did, we
+cannot doubt it had its effect in throwing the practice into disfavour
+among the better orders. But there had been a continued battery going on
+from a foe by whose side Adams would have rather faced death than fight.
+Years before he wrote his own sentiments, the Puritan nomenclature had
+been roughly handled on the stage, and by such ruthless pens as Ben
+Jonson, Cowley, and Beaumont and Fletcher. A year before little
+Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes was laid to rest, the sharp and unsparing
+sarcasm of "The Alchemist" and "Bartholomew Fair" had been levelled at
+these doings. The first of these two dramas Ben Jonson saw acted in 1610.
+By that time the custom was a generation old, and men who bore the godly
+but uncouth sobriquets were walking the streets, keeping shops, driving
+bargains, known, if not avoided, of all men. In 1610 Increase Brown, your
+apprentice, might be demanding an advance upon his wages, Help-on-high
+Jones might be imploring your patronage, while Search-the-Scriptures
+Robinson might be diligently studying his ledger to see how he could swell
+his total against you for tobacco and groceries. In 1610 society would be
+really awake to the fact that such things existed, and proceed to discuss
+this serio-comic matter in a comico-serious manner. The time was exactly
+ripe for the playwright, and it was the fate of the Presbyterians that the
+playwright was "rare Ben."
+
+In "The Alchemist" appears _Ananias_, a deacon, who is thus questioned by
+Subtle:
+
+                                  "What are you, sir?
+      _Ananias._ Please you, a servant of the exiled brethren,
+    That deal with widows' and with orphans' goods,
+    And make a just account unto the saints:
+    A deacon.
+      _Subtle._ O, you are sent from Master Wholesome,
+    Your teacher?
+      _Ananias._ From Tribulation Wholesome,
+    Our very zealous pastor."
+
+After accusing Ananias of being related to the "varlet that cozened the
+Apostles," Subtle meets Tribulation himself, the Amsterdam pastor, whom he
+treats with scant courtesy:
+
+    "Nor shall you need to libel 'gainst the prelates,
+    And shorten so your ears against the hearing
+    Of the next wire-drawn grace. Nor of necessity
+    Rail against plays, to please the alderman
+    Whose daily custard you devour; nor lie
+    With zealous rage till you are hoarse. Not one
+    Of these so singular arts. Nor call yourselves
+    By name of _Tribulation_, _Persecution_,
+    _Restraint_, _Long-patience_, and such like, affected
+    By the whole family or wood of you,
+    Only for glory, and to catch the ear
+    Of your disciple."
+
+To which hard thrust Tribulation meekly makes response:
+
+                    "Truly, sir, they are
+    Ways that the godly brethren have invented
+    For propagation of the glorious cause."
+
+Every word of this harangue of Subtle's would tell upon a sympathetic
+audience. So popular was the play itself, that a common street song was
+made out of it, the first verse of which we find Credulous singing in "The
+Ordinary:"
+
+    "My name's not Tribulation,
+      Nor holy Ananias;
+    I was baptized in fashion,
+      Our vicar did hold bias."[57]
+                                Act iv. sc. 1.
+
+This comedy appeared twenty years after "The Alchemist," and yet the song
+was still popular. Many a lad with a Puritan name must have had these
+rhymes flung into his teeth. _Tribulation_, by the way, is one of the
+names given in Camden's list, written four years later than Ben Jonson's
+play. This name, which has been the object of an antiquary's, a
+playwright's, a ballad-monger's and an historian's ridicule (for Macaulay
+had his fling at it), curiously enough I have not found in the registers.
+But its equivalent, _Lamentation_, occurs, as we have seen, in the
+"Chancery Suits" (1590-1600), in the case of _Lamentation Chapman_.
+_Restraint_ is met by _Abstinence_ Pougher, and _Persecution_ by _Trial_
+Travis (C. S. P. 1619, June 7).
+
+Still more severe, again, is this same dramatist in "Bartholomew Fair,"
+which was performed in London, October, 1614, by the retinue of Lady
+Elizabeth, James's daughter. Pouring ridicule upon the butt of the day,
+whose name of "Puritan" was by-and-by to be anagrammatized into "a
+turnip," from the cropped roundness of his head, this drama became the
+play-goers' favourite. It was suppressed during the Commonwealth, and one
+of the first to be revived at the Restoration.[58] The king is said to
+have given special orders for its performance. Whether his grandfather
+liked it as much may be doubted, for it once or twice touches on doctrinal
+points, and James thought he had a special gift for theology.
+
+Zeal-of-the-land Busy is a Banbury man, which town was then even more
+celebrated for Puritans than cakes. _Caster_, in "The Ordinary," says--
+
+    "I'll send some forty thousand unto Paul's:
+    Build a cathedral next in Banbury:
+    Give organs to each parish in the kingdom."
+
+Zeal-of-the-land is thus inquired of by Winwife:
+
+    "What call you the reverend elder you told me of, your Banbury man?
+
+    _Littlewit._ Rabbi Busy, sir: he is more than an elder, he is a
+    prophet, sir.
+
+    _Quarlous._ O, I know him! a baker, is he not?
+
+    _Littlewit._ He was a baker, sir, but he does dream now, and see
+    visions: he has given over his trade.
+
+    _Quarlous._ I remember that, too: out of a scruple that he took, in
+    spiced conscience, those cakes he made were served to bridales,
+    maypoles, morrices, and such profane feasts and meetings. His
+    christian name is Zeal-of-the-land?
+
+    _Littlewit._ Yes, sir; Zeal-of-the-land Busy.
+
+    _Winwife._ How! what a name's there!
+
+    _Littlewit._ O, they all have such names, sir: he was witness for Win
+    here--they will not be called godfathers--and named her Win-the-fight:
+    you thought her name had been Winnifred, did you not?
+
+    _Winwife._ I did indeed.
+
+    _Littlewit._ He would have thought himself a stark reprobate if it
+    had."
+
+All this would be caviare to the Cavalier, and it is doubtful whether he
+did not enjoy it more than his grandparents, who could but laugh at it as
+a hit religious, rather than political. The allusion to _witnesses_
+reminds us of Corporal Oath, who in "The Puritan," published in 1607 (Act
+ii. sc. 3), rails at the zealots for the mild character of their
+ejaculations. The expression "Oh!" was the most terrible expletive they
+permitted themselves to indulge in, and some even shook their heads at a
+brother who had thus far committed himself:
+
+    "Why! has the devil possessed you, that you swear no better,
+    You half-christened c----s, you un-godmothered varlets?"
+
+The terms godfather and godmother were rejected by the disaffected clergy,
+and they would have the answer made in the name of the sponsors, not the
+child. Hence they styled them witnesses.
+
+In "Women Pleased," a tragi-comedy, written, as is generally concluded, by
+Fletcher alone about the year 1616, we find the customary foe of maypoles
+addressing the hobby:
+
+                                    "I renounce it,
+    And put the beast off thus, the beast polluted.
+    And now no more shall _Hope-on-high_ Bomby
+    Follow the painted pipes of worldly pleasures,
+    And with the wicked dance the Devil's measures:
+    Away, thou pampered jade of vanity!"
+
+Here, again, is no exaggeration of name, for we have Help-on-high Foxe to
+face Hope-on-high Bomby. The Rector of Lydney would be about twenty-five
+when this play was written, and may have suggested himself the sobriquet.
+The names are all but identical.
+
+From "Women Pleased" and Fletcher to "Cutter of Coleman Street" and Cowley
+is a wide jump, but we must make it to complete our quotations from the
+playwrights. Although brought out after the Restoration, the fun about
+names was not yet played out. The scene is laid in London in 1658. This
+comedy was sorely resented by the zealots, and led the author to defend
+himself in his preface. He says that he has been accused of
+"prophaneness:"
+
+    "There is some imitation of Scripture phrases: God forbid! There is no
+    representation of the true face of Scripture, but only of that vizard
+    which these hypocrites draw upon it."
+
+This must have been more trying to bear even than Cutter himself. Under a
+thin disguise, Colonel _Fear-the-Lord_ Barebottle is none other than
+Praise-God Barebone, of then most recent notoriety. Cowley's allusion to
+him through the medium of Jolly is not pleasant:
+
+    "_Jolly._ My good neighbour, I thank him, Colonel Fear-the-Lord
+    Barebottle, a Saint and a Soap-boiler, brought it. But he's dead, and
+    boiling now himself, that's the best of 't; there's a Cavalier's
+    comfort."
+
+Cutter turns zealot, and wears a most puritanical habit. To the colonel's
+widow, Mistress Tabitha Barebottle, he says--
+
+    "Sister Barebottle, I must not be called Cutter any more: that is a
+    name of Cavalier's darkness; the Devil was a Cutter from the
+    beginning: my name is now _Abednego_. I had a vision which whispered
+    to me through a keyhole, 'Go, call thyself _Abednego_.'"[59]
+
+But Cutter--we beg his pardon, Abednego--was but a sorry convert. Having
+lapsed into a worldly mind again, he thus addresses Tabitha:
+
+    "Shall I, who am to ride the purple dromedary, go dressed like
+    _Revelation_ Fats, the basket-maker?--Give me the peruke, boy!"
+
+I fancy the reader will agree with me that Cowley needed all the arguments
+he could urge in his preface to meet the charge of irreverence.
+
+
+(_b._) _The Sussex Jury._
+
+One of the strongest indictments to be found against this phase of
+Puritanic eccentricity is to be found in Hume's well-known quotation from
+Brome's "Travels into England"--a quotation which has caused much angry
+contention. The book quoted by the historian is entitled "Travels over
+England, Scotland, and Wales, by James Brome, M.A., Rector of Cheriton, in
+Kent." Writing soon after the Restoration, Mr. Brome says (p. 279)--
+
+    "Before I leave this county (Sussex), I shall subjoin a copy of a Jury
+    returned here in the late rebellious troublesome times, given me by
+    the same worthy hand which the Huntingdon Jury was: and by the
+    christian names then in fashion we may still discover the
+    superstitious vanity of the Puritanical Precisians of that age."
+
+A second list in the British Museum Mr. Lower considers to be of a
+somewhat earlier date. We will set them side by side:
+
+  Accepted Trevor, of Norsham.       | Approved Frewen, of Northiam.
+  Redeemed Compton, of Battle.       | Be-thankful Maynard, of Brightling.
+  Faint-not Hewit, of Heathfield.    | Be-courteous Cole, of Pevensey.
+  Make-peace Heaton, of Hare.        | Safety-on-high Snat, of Uckfield.
+  God-reward Smart, of Fivehurst.    | Search-the-Scriptures Moreton,
+  Stand-fast-on-high Stringer, of    |   of Salehurst.
+    Crowhurst.                       | More-fruit Fowler, of East Hothley.
+  Earth Adams, of Warbleton.         | Free-gift Mabbs, of Chiddingly.
+  Called Lower, of the same.         | Increase Weeks, of Cuckfield.
+  Kill-sin Pimple, of Witham.        | Restore Weeks, of the same.
+  Return Spelman, of Watling.        | Kill-sin Pemble, of Westham.
+  Be faithful Joiner, of Britling.   | Elected Mitchell, of Heathfield.
+  Fly-debate Roberts, of the same.   | Faint-not Hurst, of the same.
+  Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith      | Renewed Wisberry, of Hailsham.
+    White, of Emer.                  | Return Milward, of Hellingly.
+  More-fruit Fowler, of East Hodley. | Fly-debate Smart, of Waldron.
+  Hope-for Bending, of the same.     | Fly-fornication Richardson, of
+  Graceful Harding, of Lewes.        |   the same.
+  Weep-not Billing, of the same.     | Seek-wisdom Wood, of the same.
+  Meek Brewer, of Okeham.            | Much-mercy Cryer, of the same.
+                                     | Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith
+                                     |   White, of Ewhurst.
+                                     | Small-hope Biggs, of Rye.
+                                     | Earth Adams, of Warbleton.
+                                     | Repentance Avis, of Shoreham.
+                                     | The-peace-of-God Knight, of
+                                     |   Burwash.
+
+I dare say ninety-five per cent. of readers of Hume's "History of England"
+have thought this list of Sussex jurors a silly and extravagant hoax.
+They are "either a forgery or a joke," says an indignant writer in _Notes
+and Queries_. Hume himself speaks of them as names adopted by converts,
+evidently unaware that these sobriquets were all but invariably affixed at
+the font. The truth of the matter is this. The names are real enough; the
+panel is not necessarily so. They are a collection of names existing in
+several Sussex villages at one and the same time. Everything vouches for
+their authenticity. The list was printed by Brome while the majority must
+be supposed still to be living; the villages in which they resided are
+given, the very villages whose registers we now turn to for Puritanic
+examples, with the certainty of unearthing them; above all, some of the
+names can be "run down" even now. _Accepted_ or Approved Frewen, of
+_Northiam_, we have already referred to. _Free-gift_ Mabbs, of
+_Chiddingly_, is met by the following entry from Chiddingly Church:
+
+    "1616, ----. Buried Mary, wife of Free-gift Mabbs."
+
+The will of _Redeemed_ Compton, of Battle, was proved in London in 1641.
+_Restore_ Weeks, of Cuckfield, is, no doubt, the individual who got
+married not far away, in Chiddingly Church:
+
+    "1618, ----. Restore Weeks espoused Constant Semer."
+
+"Increase Weeks, of Cuckfield," may therefore be accepted as proven,
+especially as I have shown _Increase_ to be a favourite Puritan name.
+These two would be brothers, or perchance father and son. As for the other
+names, the majority have already figured in this chapter. Fly-fornication
+is still found in Waldron register, though the surname is a different one.
+Return, Faint-not, Much-mercy, Be-thankful, Repentance, Safe-on-high,
+Renewed, and More-fruit, all have had their duplicates in the pages
+preceding. "_Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith_ White, of Emer," is the only
+unlikely sobriquet left to be dealt with. Thomas Adams, in his
+"Meditations upon the Creed," in a passage already quoted, testified to
+its existence in 1629. The conclusion is irresistible: the names are
+authentic, and the panel may have been.
+
+
+(_c._) _Royalists with Puritan Names._
+
+It may be asked whether or not the world went beyond scoffing. Was the
+stigma of a Puritan name a hindrance to the worldly advancement of the
+bearer? It is pleasant, in contradiction of any such theory, to quote the
+following:--
+
+    "1663, Aug. Petition of _Arise_ Evans to the King for an order that he
+    may receive £20 in completion of the £70 given him by the King."--C.
+    S. P.
+
+In a second appeal made March, 1664 (C. S. P.), _Arise_ reminds Charles of
+many "noble acts" done for him as a personal attendant during his exile.
+
+    "1660, June. Petition of Handmaid, wife of Aaron Johnson,
+    cabinet-maker, for the place for her husband of Warden in the Tower,
+    he being eminently loyal.
+
+    "1660, June. Petition of Increased Collins, His Majesty's servant, for
+    _restoration_ to the keepership of Mote's Bulwark, near Dover,
+    appointed January, 1629, and dismissed in 1642, as not trustworthy,
+    imprisoned and sequestered, and in 1645 tried for his life.
+
+    "1660, Oct. Petition of Noah Bridges, and his son Japhet Bridges, for
+    office of clerk to the House of Commons."--C. S. P.
+
+Thus it will be seen that, in the general rush for places of preferment at
+the Restoration, there were men and women bearing names of the most marked
+Puritanism, who did not hesitate to forward their appeals with the
+Williams and Richards of the world at large. They manifestly did not
+suppose their sobriquets would be any bar to preferment. One of them, too,
+had been body-man to Charles in his exile, and another had suffered in
+person and estate as a devoted adherent of royalty. We may hope and trust,
+therefore, that all this scoffing was of a good-humoured character.
+
+It was, doubtless, the prejudice against Puritan eccentricity that
+introduced civil titles as font names into England--a class specially
+condemned by Cartwright and his friends. At any rate, they are
+contemporary with the excesses of fanatic nomenclature, and are found
+just in the districts where the latter predominated. _Squire_ must have
+arisen before Elizabeth died:
+
+    "1626, March 21. Petition of Squire Bence."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1662, Oct. 30. Baptized Jane, d. of Squire Brockhall."--Hornby, York.
+
+    "1722, July 28. Baptized Squire, son of John Pysing and Bennet, his
+    wife."--Cant. Cath.
+
+_Duke_ was the christian name of Captain Wyvill, a fervent loyalist, and
+grandson of Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, Bart., of Constable Burton, Yorkshire:
+
+    "1681, Feb. 12. Baptized Duke, son of Robert Fance, K{nt}."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+_Squire_ passed over the Atlantic, and is frequently to be seen in the
+States; so that if men may not squire themselves at the end of their names
+in the great republic, they may at the beginning.
+
+Yorkshire and Lancashire are the great centres for this class of names on
+English soil. _Squire_ is found on every page of the West Riding
+Directory, such entries as Squire Jagger, Squire Whitley, Squire Hind,
+Squire Hardy, or Squire Chapman being of the commonest occurrence. _Duke_
+is also a favourite, Duke Redmayne and Duke Oldroyd meeting my eye after
+turning but half a dozen pages. But the great rival of _Squire_ is
+_Major_. There is a kind of martial, if not braggadocio, air about the
+very sound, which has taken the ear of the Yorkshire folk. Close together
+I light upon Major Pullen, farmer; Major Wold, farmer; Major Smith,
+sexton; Major Marshall, ironmonger. Other illustrations are _Prince_
+Jewitt, _Earl_ Moore, _Marshall_ Stewart, and _Admiral_ Fletcher. This
+custom has led to awkwardnesses. There was living at Burley, near Leeds, a
+short time ago, a "_Sir Robert_ Peel." In the same way "Earl Grey" is
+found. Sir Isaac Newton was living not long ago in the parish of Soho,
+London. Robinson Cruso still survives, hale and hearty, at King's Lynn,
+and Dean Swift is far from dead, as the West Riding Directory proves.
+
+It was an odd idea that suggested "Shorter." I have five instances of it,
+two from the Westminster Abbey registers:
+
+    "1689, March 3. Buried Shorter Norris."
+
+    "1690, July 9. Baptized Shorter, son of Robert and Ann Tanner."
+
+_Junior_ is found so early as 1657:
+
+    "1657, ----. Christened Junior, sonne of Robert Naze."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Little is similarly used. Little Midgley in the West Riding Directory is
+scarcely a happy conjunction. In the same town are to be seen John Berry,
+side by side with "Young John Berry," and Allen Mawson, with Young Allen
+Mawson.
+
+
+VI. BUNYAN'S DEBT TO THE PURITANS.
+
+But if the Sussex jury was not visionary, except for the panel, neither
+was that at Mansoul! What a text is this for the next biographer of
+Bunyan, if he have the courage to enter upon it! To suggest that the great
+dreamer was not a reprobate in his youth, and thus spoil the contrast
+between his converted and unconverted life, was a perilous act on Lord
+Macaulay's part. To insinuate that he had a not altogether unpleasant time
+of it in the Bedford gaol, that he could have his friends to visit him,
+and, on the face of it, ink, paper, and quills to set down his
+meditations, even this is enough to set a section of political and
+religious society about our ears. But to hint that his character names
+were not wholly the offspring of his imagination, not thought out in the
+isolation of his dreary captivity, and not pictured in his brain, while
+his brain-pan was lying upon a hard and comfortless pallet--this, I know,
+not very long ago would have brought a mob about me! In the present day, I
+shall only be smiled upon with contempt, and condemned to a righteous
+ignominy by the superior judgment of the worshippers of John Bunyan!
+
+Nevertheless I ask, were the great mass of Bunyan's character names the
+creation of his own brain, or were they suggested by the nomenclature of
+his friends or neighbours in the days of his youth? It is the peculiarity
+of the names in the "Pilgrim's Progress" and "Siege of Mansoul," that they
+suggest the incidents of which the bearers are the heroes. But, in a large
+proportion of cases, these names already existed. Born in 1628, Bunyan saw
+Puritan character names at their climax. Living at Elstow, he was within
+the limits of the district most addicted to the practice. He had seen
+Christian and Hopeful, Christiana and Mercy, of necessity long before he
+was "haled to prison" at Bedford. The four fair damsels, Discretion,
+Piety, Charity, and Prudence, may and must have in part been his
+companions in his boyish rambles years before he met them in the Valley of
+Humiliation; and if afterwards, in the Siege of Mansoul, he turned Charity
+into a man, he was only doing what godfathers and godmothers had been
+doing for thirty years previously. The name and sweet character of
+_Faithful_ might be a personal reminiscence, good Father _Honest_ a
+quondam host on one of his preaching expeditions, and _Standfast_, "that
+right good pilgrim," an old Pædo-Baptist of his acquaintance. The
+shepherds _Watchful_, _Sincere_, and _Experience_, if not _Knowledge_,
+were known of all men, in less pastoral avocations. And as for the men
+that were panelled in the trial of the Diabolonians, we might set them
+side by side with the Sussex jury, and certainly the contrast for oddity
+would be in favour of the cricketing county. Messrs. Belief, True-heart,
+Upright, Hate-bad, Love-God, See-truth, Heavenly-mind, Thankful,
+Good-work, Zeal-for-God, and Humble have all, or well-nigh all, been
+quoted in this chapter, as registered by the church clerk a generation
+before Do-right, the town-clerk of Mansoul, called them over in court.
+"Do-right" himself is met by "Do-good," and the witness "Search-truth" by
+"Search-the-Scriptures." Even "Giant Despair" may have suffered
+convulsions in teething in the world of fact, before his fits took him in
+the world of dreams; and his wife "Diffidence" will be found, I doubt not,
+to have been at large before Bunyan "laid him down in a den." Where names
+of evil repute come--and they are many--we do not expect to see their
+duplicates in the flesh. _Graceless_, _Love-lust_, _Live-loose_,
+_Hold-the-world_, and _Talkative_ were not names for the Puritan, but
+their contraries were. _Grace_ meets the case of _Grace-less_, _Love-lust_
+may be set by "Fly-fornication," and _Live-loose_ by "Live-well" or
+"Continent." _Hold-the-world_ is directly suggested by the favourite
+"Safe-on-high;" _Talkative_, by "Silence."
+
+That John Bunyan is under debt to the Puritans for many of his characters
+must be unquestionable; and were he living now, or could we interview him
+where he is, I do not doubt we could extract from him, good honest man,
+the ready admission that in the names of the personages that flit before
+us in his unapproachable allegory, and which have charmed the fancy of old
+and young for so many generations, he was merely stereotyping the
+recollections of childhood, and commemorating, so far as sobriquets were
+concerned, the companionships of earlier years.
+
+
+VII. THE INFLUENCE OF PURITANISM ON AMERICAN NOMENCLATURE.
+
+Baptismal nomenclature to-day in the United States, especially in the old
+settlements, bears stronger impressions of the Puritan epoch than the
+English. Their ancestors were Puritans, who had fled England for
+conscience' sake. Their life, too, in the West was for generations
+primitive, almost patriarchal, in its simplicity. There was no bantering
+scorn of a wicked world to face; there was no deliberate effort made by
+any part of the community to restore the old names. To this day the
+impress remains. Take up a story of backwood life, such as American female
+writers affect so much, and it will be inscribed "Faith Gartney's
+Girlhood," or "Prudence Palfrey." All the children that figure in these
+tales are "Truth," or "Patience," or "Charity," or "Hope." The true
+descendants of the early settlers are, to a man, woman, and child, even
+now bearers of names either from the abstract Christian graces or the
+narratives of Holy Scripture. Of course, the constant tide of immigration
+that has set in has been gradually telling against Puritan traditions. The
+grotesque in name selection, too, has gone further in some of the more
+retired and inaccessible districts of the States than the eastern border,
+or in England generally, where social restraints and the demands of custom
+are still respected. If we are to believe American authorities, there are
+localities where humour has certainly become grim, and the solemn rite of
+baptism somewhat burlesqued by a selection of names which throw into the
+shade even Puritan eccentricity.
+
+Look at the names of some of the earliest settlers of whom we have any
+authentic knowledge. We may mention the _Mayflower_ first. In 1620 the
+emigrants by this vessel founded New Plymouth. This led to the planting of
+other colonies. Among the passengers were a girl named _Desire_ Minter, a
+direct translation of Desiderata, which had just become popular in
+England; William Brewster, the ruling elder; his son _Love_ Brewster, who
+married, settled, and died there in 1650, leaving four children; and a
+younger son, _Wrestling_ Brewster. The daughters had evidently been left
+in England till a comfortable home could be found for them, for next year
+there arrived at New Plymouth, in the _Ann_ and _Little James_, _Fear_
+Brewster and _Patience_ Brewster. Patience very soon married Thomas
+Prince, one of the first governors. On this same memorable journey of the
+_Mayflower_ came also _Remember_, daughter of Isaac Allerton, first
+assistant to the new governor; _Resolved_ White, who married and left five
+children in the colony; and _Humility_ Cooper, who by-and-by returned to
+England.
+
+A little later on, in the _Ann_ and _Little James_, again came Manasseh
+Faunce and _Experience_ Mitchell. In a "List of Living" in Virginia, made
+February 16, 1623, is _Peaceable_ Sherwood. In a "muster" taken January
+30, 1624, occur _Revolt_ Morcock and _Amity_ Waine.
+
+There is a conversation in "The Ordinary"--a drama written in 1634 or
+1635, by Cartwright, the man whose "body was as handsome as his soul," as
+Langbaine has it--which may be quoted here. _Hearsay_ says--
+
+                        "London air,
+    Methinks, begins to be too hot for us.
+      _Slicer._ There is no longer tarrying here: let's swear
+    Fidelity to one another, and
+    So resolve for New England.
+      _Hearsay._ 'Tis but getting
+    A little pigeon-hole reformed ruff----
+      _Slicer._ Forcing our beards into th' orthodox bent----
+      _Shape._ Nosing a little treason 'gainst the king,
+    Bark something at the bishops, and we shall
+    Be easily received."
+                                          Act iv. sc. 5.
+
+It is interesting to remember that 1635, when this was written, saw the
+high tide of Puritan emigration. The list of passengers that have come
+down to us prove it. After that date the names cease to represent the
+sterner spirit of revolt against episcopacy and the Star Chamber.
+
+In the ship _Francis_, from Ipswich, April 30, 1634, came _Just_ Houlding.
+In the _Elizabeth_, landed April 17, 1635, _Hope-still_ Foster and
+_Patience_ Foster. From the good barque _James_, July 13, 1635, set foot
+on shore _Remembrance_ Tybbott. In the _Hercules_ sailed hither, in 1634,
+_Comfort_ Starre, "chirurgeon." In 1635 settled _Patient_ White. In a book
+of entry, dated April 12, 1632, is registered _Perseverance_ Greene, as
+one who is to be passed on to New England.
+
+Such names as Constant Wood, Temperance Hall, Charity Hickman, Fayth
+Clearke, or Grace Newell, I simply record and pass on. That these names
+were perpetuated is clear. The older States teem with them now; American
+story-books for girls are full of them. _Humility_ Cooper, of 1620, is met
+by an entry of burial in St. Michael's, Barbados:
+
+    "1678, May 16. _Humility_ Hobbs, from ye almshous."
+
+The churchwardens of St. James' Barbados, have entered an account of
+lands, December 20, 1679, wherein is set down
+
+    "Madam _Joye_ Sparks, 12 servants, 150 negroes."
+
+_Increase_ Mather is a familiar name to students of American history. His
+father, Richard Mather, was born at Liverpool in 1596. Richard left for
+New England in 1635, with his four sons, Samuel, Nathaniel, Eleazar, and
+Increase. Cotton Mather was a grandson. About the same time, Charles
+Chauncey (of a Hertfordshire family), late Vicar of Ware, who had been
+imprisoned for refusing to rail in his communion table, settled in New
+England. Dying there in 1671, as president of Harvard College, he
+bequeathed, through his children, the following names to the land of his
+adoption:--Isaac, Ichabod, Sarah, Barnabas, Elnathan, and Nathaniel. Both
+the Mathers and the Chaunceys, therefore, sent out a Nathaniel. Adding
+these to the large number of Nathaniels found in the lists of emigrants
+published by Mr. Hotten, no wonder Nathaniel became for a time the first
+name on American soil, and that "Nat" should have got instituted into a
+pet name. Jonathan was not to be compared to it for a moment.
+
+But we have not done with the Chaunceys. One of the most singular
+accidents that ever befell nomenclature has befallen them. What has
+happened to Sidney in England, has happened to Chauncey in America, only
+"more so." The younger Chaunceys married and begot children. A grandson of
+Isaac Chauncey died at Boston, in 1787, aged eighty-three. He was a great
+patriot, preacher, and philanthropist at a critical time in his country's
+history. The name had spread, too, and no wonder that it suggested itself
+to the authoress of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" as a character name. She, however,
+placed it in its proper position as a surname. It may be that Mrs. Stowe
+has given the use of this patronymic as a baptismal name an impulse, but
+it had been so used long before she herself was born. It was a memorial of
+Charles Chauncey, of Boston. It has now an average place throughout all
+the eastern border and the older settlements. I take up the New York
+Directory for 1878, and at once light upon Chauncey Clark, Chauncey Peck,
+and Chauncey Quintard; while, to distinguish the great Smith family,
+there are Chauncey Smith, lawyer, Chauncey Smith, milk-dealer, Chauncey
+Smith, meat-seller, and Chauncey Smith, junior, likewise engaged in the
+meat market. Thus, it is popular with all classes. In my London Directory
+for 1870, there are six Sidney Smiths and one Sydney Smith. Chauncey and
+Sidney seem likely to run a race in the two countries, but Chauncey has
+much the best of it at present.
+
+Another circumstance contributed to the formation of Americanisms in
+nomenclature. The further the Puritan emigrants drew away from the old
+familiar shores, the more predominant the spirit of liberty grew. It was
+displayed, amongst other ways, in the names given to children born on
+board vessel.[60] It was an outlet for their pent-up enthusiasm.
+Shakespeare puts into the mouth of Pericles--
+
+                              "We cannot but obey
+    The powers above us. Could I rage and roar
+    As doth the sea she lies on, yet the end
+    Must be as 'tis. My gentle babe, _Marina_ (whom,
+    For she was born at sea, I've named so) here
+    I charge your charity withal, leaving her
+    The infant of your care."
+                                      Act iii. sc. 3.
+
+The Puritan did the same. _Oceanus_ Hopkins was born on the high seas in
+the _Mayflower_, 1620; _Peregrine_ White came into the world as the same
+vessel touched at Cape Cod; _Sea-born_ Egginton, whose birth "happened in
+his berth," as Hood would say, is set down as owner of some land and a
+batch of negroes later on (Hotten, p. 453); while the marriage of
+_Sea-mercy_ Adams with Mary Brett is recorded, in 1686, in Philadelphia
+(Watson's "Annals of Philadelphia," 1. 503). Again, we find the
+following:--
+
+    "1626, Nov. 6. Grant of denization to Bonaventure Browne, born beyond
+    sea, but of English parents."--C. S. P.
+
+No doubt his parents went over the Atlantic on board the _Bonaventure_,
+which was plying then betwixt England and the colonies (_vide_ list of
+ships in Hotten's "Emigrants," pp. vii. and 35).
+
+We have another instance in the "baptismes" of St. George's, Barbados:
+
+    "1678, Oct. 13. Samuel, ye son of Bonaventure Jellfes."
+
+Allowing the father to be forty years old, _his_ parents would be crossing
+the water about the time the good ship _Bonaventure_ was plying.
+
+Again, we find the following (Hotten, p. 245):--
+
+    "Muster of John Laydon:
+
+        "John Laydon, aged 44, in the _Swan_, 1606.
+
+        "Anne Laydon, aged 30, in the _Mary Margett_, 1608.
+
+        "Virginia Laydon (daughter), borne in Virginia."
+
+All this, as will be readily conceived, has tended to give a marked
+character to New England nomenclature. The very names of the children born
+to these religious refugees are one of the most significant tokens to us
+in the nineteenth century of the sense of liberty they felt in the
+present, and of the oppression they had undergone in the past.
+
+If we turn from these lists of passengers, found in the archives of
+English ports, not to mention "musters" already quoted, to records
+preserved by our Transatlantic cousins, we readily trace the effect of
+Puritanism on the first generation of native-born Americans.
+
+From Mr. Bowditch's interesting book on "Suffolk Surnames," published in
+the United States, we find the following baptismal names to have been in
+circulation there: Standfast, Life, Increase, Supply, Donation, Deodat,
+Given, Free-grace, Experience, Temperance, Prudence, Mercy, Dependance,
+Deliverance, Hope, Reliance, Hopestill, Fearing, Welcome, Desire, Amity,
+Comfort, Rejoice, Pardon, Remember, Wealthy, and Consider. Nothing can be
+more interesting than the analysis of this list. With two exceptions,
+every name can be proved, from my own collection alone, to have been
+introduced from the mother country. In many instances, no doubt, Mr.
+Bowditch was referring to the same individual; in others to their
+children. The mention of _Wealthy_ reminds us of Wealthy, Riches, and
+Fortune, already demonstrated to be popular English names. _Fortune_ went
+out to New England in the person of Fortune Taylor, who appears in a roll
+of Virginian immigrants, 1623. Settling down there as a name of happy
+augury for the colonists' future, both spiritual and material, she
+reappears, in the person of Fortune the spinster, in the popular New
+England story entitled "The Wide, Wide World." Even "_Preserved_," known
+in England in 1640, was to be seen in the New York Directory in 1860; and
+_Consider_, which crossed the Atlantic two hundred and fifty years ago, so
+grew and multiplied as to be represented at this moment in the directory
+just mentioned, in the form of
+
+    "Consider Parish, merchant, Clinton, Brooklyn."
+
+Mr. Bowditch adds "_Search-the-Scriptures_" to his list of names that
+crossed the Atlantic. This tallies with Search-the-Scriptures Moreton, of
+Salehurst, one of the supposed sham jury already treated of. He quotes
+also _Hate-evil_ Nutter from a colonial record of 1649.[61] Here again we
+are reminded of Bunyan's Diabolonian jury, one of whom was _Hate-bad_. It
+is all but certain from the date that Hate-evil went out from the old
+country. The name might be perfectly familiar to the great dreamer,
+therefore. _Faint-not_ Wines, Mr. Bowditch says, became a freeman in 1644,
+so that the popularity of that great Puritan name was not allowed to be
+limited by the English coast. In this same year settled _Faithful_
+Rouse--one more memorial of English nonconformity.
+
+English Puritanism must stand the guilty cause of much modern humour, not
+to say extravagance, in American name-giving. Puns compounded of baptismal
+name and surname are more popular there than with us. Robert New has his
+sons christened Nothing and Something. Price becomes Sterling Price;
+Carrol, Christmas Carrol; Mixer, Pepper Mixer; Hopper, Opportunity Hopper;
+Ware, China Ware; Peel, Lemon Peel; Codd, Salt Codd; and Gentle, Always
+Gentle. It used to be said of the English House of Commons that there were
+in it two Lemons, with only one Peel, and the Register-General not long
+since called attention in one of his reports to the existence of Christmas
+Day. We have, too, Cannon Ball, Dunn Brown, Friend Bottle (London
+Directory), and River Jordan, not to mention two brothers named Jolly
+Death and Sudden Death, the former of whom figured in a trial lately as
+witness. The _Times_ of December 7, 1878, announced the death of Mr.
+Emperor Adrian, a Local Government Board member. Nevertheless, the
+practice prevails much more extensively across the water, and the reason
+is not far to seek.
+
+Mr. Bowditch seems to imagine, we notice, America to be a modern girl's
+name. He says administration upon the estate of America Sparrow was
+granted in 1855, while in 1857 America C. Tabb was sued at law. America
+and Americus were in use in England four hundred years ago (_vide_
+"English Surnames," 2nd edit., p. 29), and two centuries ago we meet with
+
+    "America Baguley, 1669, his halfpeny,"
+
+on a token. _Amery_ was the ordinary English dress.
+
+
+
+
+EPILOGUE.
+
+DOUBLE CHRISTIAN NAMES: THEIR RISE AND PROGRESS.
+
+
+I. ROYAL DOUBLE NAMES.
+
+    "But two christian names are rare in England, and I only remember now
+    his Majesty, who was named Charles James, as the Prince his sonne
+    Henry Frederic: and among private men, Thomas Maria Wingfield and Sir
+    Thomas Posthumus Hobby."--Camden.
+
+If we take this sentence literally, the great antiquary, who knew more of
+the families and pedigrees of the English aristocracy than any other man
+of his day, could only recall to his mind four cases of double Christian
+names. This was in 1614.
+
+At the outset, therefore, there is significance in this statement. Mr.
+Blunt, in his "Annotated Prayer-Book," says of "N. or M." in the
+Catechism--
+
+    "N. was anciently used as the initial of Nomen, and 'Nomen vel Nomina'
+    was expressed by 'N. vel NN.,' the double N being afterwards corrupted
+    into M."
+
+If this be a correct explanation, "M." must refer to cases where more than
+one child was brought to the priest, N. standing for an occasion where
+only one infant was presented. In a word, "N. or M." could not stand for
+"Thomas or Thomas Henry," but for "Thomas or Thomas and Henry." If this be
+unsatisfactory, then Mr. Blunt's explanation is unsatisfactory.
+
+Camden's sentence may be set side by side with Lord Coke's decision. In
+his "First Institute" (Coke upon Littleton) he says--
+
+    "And regularly it is requisite that the purchaser be named by the name
+    of baptism, and his surname, and that special heed be taken to the
+    name of baptism; for that a man cannot have two names of baptism, as
+    he may have divers surnames."
+
+Again, he adds--
+
+    "If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his
+    confirmation by the bishop, he is named John, he may purchase by the
+    name of his confirmation.... And this doth agree with our ancient
+    books, where it is holden that a man may have divers names at divers
+    times, but not divers christian names."
+
+This is all very plain. Even in James I.'s days thousands of our
+countrymen had no fixed surnames, and changed them according to caprice or
+fancy. But the christian name was a fixture, saving in the one case of
+confirmation. Lord Coke is referring to an old rule laid down by
+Archbishop Peckham, wherein any child whose baptismal name, by accident or
+evil thought, had a bad significance is advised, if not compelled, to
+change it for one of more Christian import.
+
+The chief point of interest, however, in this decision of Lord Coke's, is
+the patent fact that no thought of a double christian name is present in
+his mind. Had it been otherwise, he would never have worded it as he has
+done. Archbishop Peckham's rule had evidently been infringed, and Lord
+Coke upholds the infringement. A child with such an orthodox name as
+Thomas (a name with no immoral significance) might, he lays it down,
+become John at confirmation. Even in such a case as this, however, John is
+not to be added to Thomas; it must take its place, and Thomas cease to be
+recognized.
+
+Lord Coke, of course, was aware that Charles I.'s queen was Henrietta
+Maria, the late king Charles James, and his son Henry Frederic. It is
+possible, nay probable, that he was not ignorant of Thomas Maria
+Wingfield's existence, or that of Thomas Posthumus Hobby. But that these
+double baptismal names should ever become an every-day custom, that the
+lower and middle classes should ever adopt them, that even the higher
+orders should ever go beyond the use of "Maria" and "Posthumus," seems
+never to have suggested itself to his imagination.
+
+There is no doubt the custom came from France in the first instance.
+There, as in England, it was confined to the royal and aristocratic
+circles. The second son of Catharine de' Medici was baptized Edward
+Alexander in 1551. Mary Stuart followed the new fashion in the names of
+her son Charles James. The higher nobility of England slowly copied the
+practice, but within most carefully prescribed limits.
+
+One limitation was, the double name must be one already patronized by
+royalty.
+
+Henrietta Maria found her title repeated in Henrietta Maria Stanley,
+daughter of the ill-fated James, Earl of Derby, who for his determined
+loyalty was beheaded at Bolton, in Lancashire, in 1651. She was born on
+the 17th of November, 1630, and was buried in York Minster on the 13th of
+January, 1685. Sir Peter Ball, attorney to the queen of Charles I.,
+baptized his seventeenth child by the name of his royal mistress,
+Henrietta Maria. He followed her fortunes after as before the king's
+execution (Polwhel's "Devon," p. 157). These must both have been
+considered remarkable cases in their day. The loyalty of the act would be
+its sanction in the eyes of their friends.
+
+But while some copied the double name of the queen (also the name of the
+queen's mother), other nobles who had boys to christen mimicked the royal
+nursery of James I. Henry Frederick, Earl of Arundel, was born in 1608,
+and Henry Frederick Thynne, brother of Lord Weymouth, was created a
+baronet in 1641. No one need doubt the origin of these double forms. Again
+loyalty would be their answer against objections.
+
+But side by side with these went "Maria" (used for either sex) and
+"Posthumus," or Posthuma--the only two instances recalled by Camden as in
+use among "private men." There seems good reason to believe that, for two
+or three generations at least, these were deemed, by some unwritten code,
+the only permissible second names outside the royal list.
+
+The case of Wingfield is curious. Three generations, at least, bore a
+second name "Maria," all males. The first was Edward Maria, of Kimbolton,
+who received the female title in honour of, and from, the Princess Mary,
+daughter of Henry VIII., his godmother; the second was Thomas Maria,
+adduced by Camden; and the third is referred to in the following document:
+
+    "1639, April. Bill of complaint relative to the sale of the manor of
+    Keyston, Hunts, by Edward Maria Wingfield."--C. S. P., 1639.
+
+Maria had long been common in Italy, France, and Spain, as a second name,
+and still is, whether for a boy or girl, the child being thereby specially
+committed to the protection of the Virgin. The earliest instances in
+England, however, were directly given in honour of two royal godmothers,
+who happened to be Mary in one case, and Henrietta Maria in the other.
+Hence the seeming transference of the foreign second name Maria to our own
+shores. Thus introduced, Maria began to circulate in society generally as
+an allowed second name:
+
+    "1610, July 10. Baptized Charles Maria, sonne of Charles Chute,
+    Esquire."--St. Dunstan-in-the-West.
+
+    "1640, ----. Died Gulielma Maria Posthuma Springett."--Tablet,
+    Ringmer, Lewes, Sussex.
+
+This last was a bold procedure, three names being an unheard-of event. But
+the sponsor might reply that he was only placing together the two
+recognized second names, Maria and Posthuma. Later on, Maria is again
+found in the same family. In the year 1672, William Penn, the Quaker,
+married Gulielma Maria, daughter of Sir William Springett.
+
+Posthuma (as in the above instance), or Posthumus, is still more
+remarkable. The idea of styling a child by this name, thus connecting its
+birth with the father's antecedent death, seems to have touched a
+sympathetic chord, and the practice began widely to prevail. The first
+example I have seen stands as a single name. Thus, in the Canterbury
+Cathedral register, is recorded:
+
+    "1572, Feb. 10. Christened Posthumus, the sonne of Robert Pownoll."
+
+The following is the father's entry of burial:
+
+    "1571, June 8. Buried Robert Pownoll."
+
+This is the earliest instance I have seen. Very soon it was deemed right
+to make it a second name:
+
+    "1632, Sept. 18. Baptized Henry Postumus, son of James
+    Gamble."--Doncaster.
+
+Sir Thomas Posthumus Hoby, Knight, lord of the manor of Hackness, died in
+1641. He bequeathed the greater portion of his estates to "his dearly
+beloved and esteemed cozen John Sydenham," of Brimpton, Somerset, who,
+being baroneted in July, 1641, died in 1642, and was succeeded by his son
+Sir John Posthumus Sydenham. Posthumus, possibly, in this case was
+commemorative of Sir Thomas, and not of Sir John. William Ball, son of Sir
+Peter Ball, already mentioned, married Maria Posthuma Hussey. This must
+have occurred before the Commonwealth, but I have not the exact date.
+
+The character of all these names is sufficient proof of their rarity. All
+belong, with one exception, to the higher ranks of society. All were
+called after the children in the royal nursery, or Maria or Posthuma was
+the second component. Several formed the double name with both. It seems
+certain that at first it was expected that, if people in high life were to
+give encouragement to the new fashion, they must do so within certain
+carefully defined limits. As for any lower class, it was never imagined
+that they would dream of aspiring to such a daring innovation. The
+earliest instance of this class, I find, still has Mary for its second
+component, and commemorates two English queens:
+
+    "1667, Jan. 12. Baptized Elizabeth Mary, being of the age of 18 and
+    upwards, daughter to John Allen, and Emm his wife, both of them being
+    pro-baptists."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Even to the close of the seventeenth century, if a middle-class man gave
+his child a double name, it must be to commemorate royalty:
+
+    "1696, June 4. Baptized William Henry, son of Mr. Jacob Janeway, and
+    Francis his wife."--Cant. Cath.
+
+William III. was christened William Henry.
+
+Speaking of Mary's husband, we may add that two of the most familiar
+conjunctions of the present day among the middle and lower classes, that
+of Anna Maria or Mary Ann, arose similarly. In Italy and France the two
+went together a hundred years earlier, in connection with the Virgin and
+her mother. In England they are only found since 1700, being used as
+commemorative of the sisters Anne and Mary, both queens. Like William
+Henry, the combination has been popular ever since:
+
+    "1717, Feb. 15. Christened Anne-Mary, d. of James Hebert, mercer.
+
+    "1729, March 30. Christened Anna-Maria, d. of Thomas and Mary Hoare,
+    pewterer."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+The clerk of Finchley Church could not understand this conjunction--not to
+add that his education seems to have been slightly neglected:
+
+    "1715, Feb. 26. Baptized Anammeriah, d. of Thomas and Eliz. Biby.
+
+    "1716, M{ch}. 17. Baptized Anameriah, d. of Richard and Sarah Bell."
+
+These are the first double names to be found in this register.
+
+The Latin form represents the then prevailing fashion. There was not a
+girl's name in use that was not Latinized. Goldsmith took off the custom
+in his "Vicar of Wakefield," in the names of Sophia, Olivia, and Carolina
+Wilhelmina Amelia Skeggs. The latter hit at the new rage for double and
+treble baptismal names also; for the day came when two names were not
+enough. In 1738 George III. was christened George William Frederic. Gilly
+Williams, writing to George Selwyn, December 12, 1764, says--
+
+    "Lord Downe's child is to be christened this evening. The sponsors I
+    know not, but his three names made me laugh not a little--John
+    Christopher Burton. I wish to God, when he arrives at the years of
+    puberty, he may marry Mary Josephina Antonietta Bentley."--"Memoirs of
+    George Selwyn," by Jesse, quoted by Mr. Waters in "Parish Registers,"
+    p. 31.
+
+I need scarcely add that three do not nearly satisfy the craving of many
+people in the nineteenth century, nor did they everybody in the
+eighteenth:
+
+    "1781, April 29. Bapt. Charles Caractacus Ostorius Maximilian Gustavus
+    Adolphus, son of Charles Stone, tailor."--Burbage, Wilts.
+
+In Beccles Church occurs the following:
+
+    "1804, Oct. 14. Bapt. Zaphnaphpaaneah Isaiah Obededom Nicodemus
+    Francis Edward, son of Henry and Sarah Clarke."
+
+Only Francis Edward could be got in the ordinary place, so the rest had to
+be furnished in a note at the foot of the page.
+
+    "On Oct. 8th, 1876, in the revision of the parliamentary list at
+    Preston, a claimant appeared bearing the name of Thomas Hill Joseph
+    Napoleon Horatio Bonaparte Swindlehurst Nelson. The vote was allowed,
+    and the revising barrister ordered the full name to be inserted on the
+    register."--_Manchester Evening News_, October 11, 1876.
+
+
+II. CONJOINED NAMES.
+
+Returning to the first half of the seventeenth century, we find strong
+testimony of the rarity of these double names, and a feeling that there
+was something akin to illegality in their use, from our registers,
+wherein an attempt was made to glue two names together as one, without a
+hyphen or a second capital letter. Take the following, all registered
+within a generation or two of Camden's remark:
+
+    "1602, May 24. Baptized Fannasibilla, d. of Thomas
+    Temple."--Sibbesdon, Leicestershire.
+
+Here is a palpable attempt to unite Francis (Fanny) and Sybil.
+
+    "1648, Jan. 25. Baptized Aberycusgentylis, son of Richard Balthropp,
+    gent."--Iver, Buckingham.
+
+Here the father has been anxious to commemorate the great Oxford
+professor, the father of international law, Dr. Abericus Gentilis. He has
+avoided a breach of supposed national law by writing the two names in one.
+
+    "1614, Aprill 16. Buried Jockaminshaw Butler, wife of James Butler,
+    potter, in Bishopsgate Street."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+The surname of "Shaw" has done service hundreds of times since then as a
+second baptismal name.
+
+    "1640, May 7. Baptized Johnamaria, ye son of Frances Ansloe, and Clare
+    his wife."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Here again is the inevitable Maria, but so inwoven with John, that Lord
+Coke's legal maxim could not touch the case. It is the same in the
+following example:--
+
+    "1632, ----. Married John Pell to Ithamaria, d. of Henry Reynolles, of
+    London."--Lower, "Worthies of Sussex," p. 178.
+
+One of the most strange samples of conjoined names is this:
+
+    "1595, April 3. Joane, whome we maye call Yorkkooppe, because she was
+    ye basterd daughter, as yt is comonlye reported, of one John York and
+    Anne Cooper."--Landbeach.
+
+Here is a double conjunction; John and Anne forming Jo-ane, and York and
+Cooper, Yorkkooppe. The first is neat, the second clumsy: but, doubtless,
+the clerk who wielded the goose-quill deemed both a masterpiece of
+ingenuity.
+
+The following is interesting:--
+
+    "1616, July 13, being Satterday, about half an hour before 10 of the
+    clocke in the forenoon, was born the Lady Georgi-Anna, daughter to the
+    Right Hon. Lady Frances, Countess of Exeter; and the same Ladie
+    Georgi-Anna was baptized 30th July, 1616, being Tuesday, Queen Anne
+    and the Earl of Worcester, Lord Privie Seal, being witnesses: and the
+    Lorde Bishop of London administered the baptism."--_Vide_ R. E. C.
+    Waters, "Parish Registers." 1870.
+
+
+III. HYPHENED NAMES.
+
+It will be noticed that so far the two names were both (saving in the case
+of Aberycusgentylis and Jockaminshaw) from the recognized list of
+baptismal names. About the reign of Anne the idea of a patronymic for a
+second name seems to have occurred. To meet the supposed legal exigencies
+the two names were simply hyphened. We will confine our instances to the
+register of Canterbury Cathedral:
+
+    "1721, Jan. 20. Baptized Howe-Lee, son of Lee Warner, Esquire, and
+    Mary his wife.
+
+    "1728, July 4. Baptized Francis-Gunsby, son of Dr. William Ayerst,
+    prebendary of this church.
+
+    "1746, Sep. 28. Baptized James-Smith, son of James Horne, and Mary his
+    wife."
+
+I need not say that at first these children bore the name in common
+parlance of Howe-Lee, or Francis-Gunsby, or James-Smith. The two were
+never separated, but treated as one name. To this day traces of this
+eighteenth-century habit are to be found. I know an old gentleman and his
+wife, people of the old school, dwelling somewhat out of the world, who
+address a child invariably by all its baptismal titles. The effect is very
+quaint. In all formal and legal processes the two or three names have to
+be employed, and clergymen who only recite the first in the marriage
+service, as I have heard some do, are in reality guilty of misdemeanour.
+
+How odd all these contrivances to modern eyes! We take up a directory, and
+every other registration we look on is made up of three names. The poorer
+classes are even more particular than the aristocracy upon the point. The
+lady-help, describing her own superior merit, says--
+
+    "Do not think that we resemble
+      Betsy Jane or Mary Ann,
+    Women born in lowly cottage,
+      Bred for broom or frying-pan."
+
+And yet, in forty-nine church registers out of fifty, throughout the
+length and breadth of England, there will not be found a single instance
+of a double christian name previous to the year 1700. Mr. Maskell has
+failed to find any instance in the register of All-Hallows, Barking, and
+the Harleian Society's publication of the registers of St. Peter,
+Cornhill, and St. Dionis Backchurch only confirms the assertion I have
+made.
+
+Many stories have arisen upon these double names. A Mr. Gray, bearing the
+once familiar Christian name of Anketil, wanted the certificate of his
+baptism. The register was carefully searched--in vain; the neighbouring
+registers were as thoroughly scanned--in vain. Again the first register
+was referred to, and upon a closer investigation he was found entered as
+Ann Kettle Gray.
+
+Not very long ago a child was brought to the font for baptism. "What
+name?" asked the parson. "John," was the reply. "Anything else?" "John
+_h_only," said the godparent, putting in an "h" where it was not needed.
+"John Honly, I baptize thee," etc., continued the clergyman, thus thrown
+off his guard. The child was entered with the double name.
+
+In Gutch's "Geste of Robin Hode" (vol. i. p. 342) there is a curious note
+anent Maid Marian, wherein some French writers are rebuked for supposing
+Marian to be composed of Mary and Ann, and the statement is made that it
+is from Mariamne, the wife of Herod! Marian or Marion, of course, is the
+diminutive of Mary, the other pet form being Mariot. Nevertheless the
+great commonness of the double christian name Mary Ann is consequent on
+the idea that Marian is compounded of both.
+
+In the registers of marriages at Halifax parish church (December 1, 1878)
+is the name of a witness, Charity H----. He--it was a _he_--is the third
+child of his parents, two sisters, Faith and Hope, having preceded him.
+His full baptismal name is "And Charity," and in his own marriage
+certificate his name is so written. In ordinary affairs he is content with
+Charity alone (_Notes and Queries_, August 16, 1879). This could not have
+happened previous to Queen Anne's reign. Acts-Apostles Pegden's will was
+administered upon in 1865. His four elder brothers bore the four
+Evangelists' names. This, again, could not well have occurred before the
+eighteenth century was in. In Yorkshire directories one may see such
+entries as John Berry, and immediately below, Young John Berry. This
+represents a common pleasantry at the font among the "tykes," but is
+necessarily modern. Nor could "Sir Isaac" or "Sir Robert," as prænomens
+to "Newton" or "Peel," have been originated at any distant period.
+
+
+IV. THE DECAY OF SINGLE PATRONYMICS IN BAPTISM.
+
+The introduction of double baptismal names produced a revolution as
+immediate as it was unintentional. It put a stop to what bade fair to
+become a universal adoption of patronymics as single baptismal names. This
+practice took its rise about the year 1580. It became customary in highly
+placed families to christen the eldest son by the name of the landed
+estate to which he was heir. Especially was it common when the son
+succeeded to property through his mother; then the mother's surname was
+his Christian name. With the introduction of second baptismal names, this
+custom ceased, and the boy or girl, as the case might be, after a first
+orthodox name of Robert or Cecilia, received as a second the patronymic
+that before was given alone. Instead of Neville Clarke the name would be
+Charles Neville Clarke. From the year 1700, say, this has been a growing
+custom, and half our present list of treble names are thus formed.[62]
+
+The custom of giving patronymic names was, for a century at least,
+peculiar to England, and is still rare on the Continent. Camden notices
+the institution of the practice:
+
+    "Whereas in late yeares sirnames have beene given for christian names
+    among us, and no where else in Christendome: although many dislike it,
+    for that great inconvenience will ensue: neverthelesse it seemeth to
+    procede from hearty goodwill and affection of the godfathers, to shew
+    their love, or from a desire to continue and propagate their owne
+    names to succeeding ages. And is in no wise to bee disliked, but
+    rather approoved in those which, matching with heires generall of
+    worshipfull ancient families, have given those names to their heires,
+    with a mindefull and thankfull regard of them, as we have now
+    Pickering, Wotton, Grevill, Varney, Bassingburne, Gawdy, Calthorpe,
+    Parker, Pecsal, Brocas, Fitz-Raulfe, Chamberlanie, who are the heires
+    of Pickering, etc."--"Remaines," 1614.
+
+Fuller says--
+
+    "Reader, I am confident an instance can hardly be produced of a
+    surname made christian in England, save since the Reformation....
+    Since it hath been common."--"Worthies," i. 159, 160.
+
+For two hundred years this custom had the widest popularity among the
+higher classes, and from some of our registers there are traces that the
+lower orders were about to adopt the practice. In the case of female
+heiresses the effect is odd. However, this was got over sometimes by
+giving a feminine termination:
+
+    "1660, Aug. 28. John Hendon, Knight, of Biddenden in Kent, and
+    Northamtonia Haward, of Tandridge in Surrey, married."--Streatham,
+    Surrey.
+
+    "1711, Jan. 3. Buried Jermyna, d. of Mr. Edward Tyson, gent."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1699, March 7. Nathaniel Parkhurst and Althamia Smith, of Kensington,
+    married."
+
+Althamia was daughter of Altham Smyth, barrister, son of Sir Thomas Smyth,
+of Hill Hall, Essex (Chester's "Westminster Abbey," p. 173).
+
+But more often they were without the feminine desinence:
+
+    "1639, Oct. 18. Buried Essex, daughter of Lord Paget."--Drayton
+    (Lyson's "Middlesex," p. 42).
+
+Will of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, 1680 (Doctors' Commons):
+
+    "Item: To my daughter _Mallet_, when shee shall have attained the like
+    age of sixteen, the summe of foure thousand pounds."
+
+The Countess of Rochester was Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Mallet,
+Esq., of Enmore, Somerset.
+
+    "1699. Petition of Windebank Coote, widow, to the Lords of the
+    Treasury, showing that her husband Lambert Coote was a favourite
+    servant of King Charles II., and left her with a great charge of
+    children."--"C. Treas. P.," 1697-1702.
+
+    "Tamworth, daughter of Sir Roger Martin, of Long Melford, married
+    Thomas Rookwood (who was born Aug. 18, 1658)."--"Collect. et Top.,"
+    vol. ii. p. 145.
+
+    "1596, Nov. 21. Baptized Cartwright, daughter of Nicholas
+    Porter."--Aston-sub-Edge, Gloucester.
+
+    "1634, April 18. Baptized Steward, daughter of Sir Thomas Stanley,
+    Knight."--Stepney, London.
+
+    "1656, March 24. Douglas Sheffield, daughter of Sir John
+    Sheffield."--"Lunacy Commissions and Inquisitions," Record Office.
+
+    "1709, Feb. 3. Tankerville Chamberlyne, spinster, daughter of Edward
+    C."--Ditto.
+
+    "1601, Feb. Buryed Handforth, d. Thomas Davenport, a soldier in
+    Ireland."--Stockport Parish Church.
+
+    "1610, July 24. Baptized Kenburrow, ye daughter of Dr. Masters, one of
+    the worshipfull prebendaries."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1688, March 29. Baptized Tufton, daughter of the Rev. Dr. James
+    Jefferys, one of the prebendarys of this church."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Even down to the middle of last century the custom was not uncommonly
+practised:
+
+    "1763, Sep. 15. Thomas Steady, of Chartham, to Chesterton Harnett, of
+    the precincts of this church, spinster, by licence."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1759, June 12. Honourable Chatwynd Trumbull, widow."--"Lunacy
+    Commissions and Inquisitions."
+
+As to the male heirs, we need not furnish illustrations; they would
+require too much room:
+
+    "Sir Humphry Winch, Solicitor-General to Queen Elizabeth, married
+    Cicely Onslowe. His eldest son was Onslowe Winch."--"Collect. et
+    Top.," vol. iii. p. 86.
+
+    "Woodrove Foljambe, born Jan. 25, 1648, son of Peter Foljambe. His
+    mother was Jane Woodrove, of Hope, Derbyshire."--Ditto, p. 88.
+
+How common the practice was becoming among the better-class families the
+Canterbury register shall show:
+
+    "1601, April 16. Baptized Nevile, the sonne of Edwarde Whitegrave.
+
+    "1614, Nov. 28. Baptized Tunstall, sonn of Mr. William Scott, the
+    sonn-in-lawe to the worshipful Mr. Tunstall, prebendary of this
+    church.
+
+    "1615, May 15. Baptized Dudly, sonn of Mr. Doctor Jacksonn.
+
+    "1619, Dec. 16. Baptized Dudley, sonne of Sir John Wiles.
+
+    "1624, July 26. Baptized Sydney, sonne of Sirre William Barnes, K{t}."
+
+Dudley was, perhaps, the first surname that obtained a place among
+ordinary baptismal names:
+
+    "1614, Aug. 17. Christened Dudley, son of Thomas Styles.
+
+    "1684, April 17. Christened Dudley, son of Francis and Sarah
+    Dylate."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+The introduction of surnames at the font permitted private predilections
+full play. At Canterbury we naturally find:
+
+    "1727, Feb. 22. Buried Cranmer Herris, gent., in ye cloisters."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1626, Oct. Baptized Bradford, sonne of Christopher Wilson, of
+    Limehouse."--Stepney.
+
+Hanover Stirling was a scholar of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1729. A
+Scotch Jacobite in London showed some skill in the heat of the great
+crisis of 1715:
+
+    "1715, June 10. Christened Margaret Jacobina, d. of Mr. Archiball
+    Johnson, merchant."--St. Dionis Backchurch.[63]
+
+This will be sufficient. The custom is by no means extinct; but, through
+the introduction of second baptismal names, the practice is now rare, and
+all but entirely confined to boys. Two hundred and fifty years ago, it was
+quite as popular with the other sex.
+
+Both Dudley and Sydney, mentioned above, have been used so frequently that
+they have now taken a place in our ordinary list of baptismal names. So
+far as Sydney is concerned, the reason is easily explained. The Smith
+family have been so fond of commemorating the great Sydney, that it has
+spread to other families. Chauncey and Washington occupy the same position
+in the United States.
+
+
+V. THE INFLUENCE OF FOUNDLING NAMES UPON DOUBLE BAPTISMAL NAMES.
+
+One circumstance that contributed to the adoption of two baptismal names
+was the christening of foundlings. Having no father or mother to attest
+their parentage, being literally anonymous, there sprang up a custom,
+about the year 1500, of baptizing these children with a double title; only
+the second one was supposed to be the surname, and not a baptismal name at
+all. This second name was always a local name, betokening the precise
+spot, street, or parish where the child was found. Every old register has
+its numerous instances. The foundlings of St. Lawrence Jewry got the
+baptismal surname of Lawrence. At All-Hallows, Barking, the entries run:
+
+    "A child, out of Priest's Alley, christened Thomas Barkin.
+
+    "Christened a child out of Seething Lane, named Charles Parish.
+
+    "A child found in Mark Lane, and christened Mark Lane."--Maskell,
+    "All-Hallows, Barking," p. 62.
+
+At St. Dunstan-in-the-West they are still more diversified:
+
+    "1597, M{ch}. 1. Renold Falcon, a childe borne in Falcon Court, bapt.
+
+    "1611, May 11. Harbotles Harte, a poor childe found at Hart's dore in
+    Fewter Lane, bapt.
+
+    "1614, March 26. Moses Dunstan, a foundlinge in St. Dunstan's hall,
+    bapt.
+
+    "1618, Jan. 18. Mary Porch, a foundeling, bapt.
+
+    "1625, Aug. 7. Roger Middlesex was baptized.
+
+    "1627, May 19. Katherine Whitefryers was baptized."
+
+    "1610, Nov. Bapt. Elizabeth Christabell, d. of Alice Pennye, begotten
+    in fornacacion."--Stepney, London.
+
+    "1586, May 21. Christening of Peter Grace, sonne of Katherine Davis,
+    an harlot."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1592, Aug. 2. Christening of Roger Peeter, so named of our church;
+    the mother a rogue, the childe was born the 22{d} July at Mr.
+    Lecroft's dore."--Ditto.
+
+The baptismal register of St. Dionis Backchurch teems with Dennis, or
+Dionys, as the name is entered:
+
+    "1623, Aug. 6. Joane Dennis, being laid at Mr. John Parke's doore in
+    Fanchurch Streete.
+
+    "1627, June 3. Denis the Bastard, who was laid in the parish.
+
+    "1691, Nov. 19. Ingram Dionis, a fondling taken up in Ingram's
+    Court."[64]
+
+We see in these registers the origin of the phrase, "It can't be laid at
+my door." Doubtless it was not always pleasant to have a little babe,
+however helpless, discovered on the doorstep. The gossips would have
+their "nods, and becks, and wreathed smiles," if they said nothing upon
+the subject. It was a common dodge to leave it on a well-known man's
+premises:
+
+    "1585, April 23. A man child was laid at Sir Edward Osbourne gate, and
+    was named Dennis Philpot, and so brought to Christes Ospitall."
+
+The same practice prevails in America. A New York correspondent wrote to
+me the other day as follows:--
+
+    "One babe, who was found in the vestibule of the City Hall, in this
+    city (New York), was called John City Hall; another, Thomas Fulton,
+    was found in Fulton Street in an ash-box; and a third, a fine boy of
+    about four months, was left in the porch of Christ Church Rectory in
+    Brooklyn. He was baptized by the name of Parish Church, by the Rev.
+    Dr. Canfeild, the then rector."
+
+The baptisms of "blackamoors" gave a double christian name, although the
+second was counted as a surname:
+
+    "Baptized, 1695, M{ch}. 27, John Wearmouth, a Tawny, taken captive,
+    aged 20."--Bishop Wearmouth (Burns).
+
+    "Baptized, 1602-3, March, Christian Ethiopia, borne a
+    Blackmore."--Stepney.
+
+    "Baptized, 1603, July, Charity Lucanoa, a Blackamor from
+    Ratcliff."--Ditto.
+
+    "1744, Sep. 27. Rum John Pritchard, a Indian and Mahomitan, baptized
+    this day by self at Mr. Pritchard's."--Fleet Registers (Burns).
+
+    "1717, ----. Baptized Charles Mustava, a black boy, servant to The
+    Honble. Lord Hartford."--Preshute, Wilts.
+
+Our forefathers did not seem to perceive it, but in all these cases double
+baptismal names were given. It must, however, have had its unfelt
+influence in leading up to the new custom, and especially to patronymics
+as second names. We are all now familiarized to these double and treble
+names. The poorest and the most abject creatures that bring a child to the
+font will have their string of grand and high-sounding titles; sometimes
+such a mouthful, that the parson's wonder is excited whence they
+accumulated them, till wonder is lost in apprehension lest he should fail
+to deliver himself of them correctly. The difficulty is increased when the
+name is pronounced as the fancy or education of the sponsor dictates. When
+one of three names is "Hugginy," the minister may be excused if he fails
+to understand all at once that "Eugénie" is intended. Such an incident
+occurred about six years ago, and the flustered parson, on a second
+inquiry, was not helped by the woman's rejoinder: "Yes, Hugginy; the way
+ladies does their 'air, you know."
+
+We must confess we are not anxious to see the new custom--for new it is in
+reality--spread; but we fear much it will do so. We have reached the stage
+when three baptismal names are almost as common as two; and we cannot but
+foresee, if this goes on, that, before the century is out, our present
+vestry-books will be compelled to have the space allotted to the font
+names enlarged. As it is, the parson is often at his wits' end how to set
+it down.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+  A
+
+  Abacuck, 62, 85, 119
+
+  Abdiah, 56
+
+  Abdias, 45
+
+  Abednego, 53, 63, 87, 190, 191
+
+  Abel, 54, 89, 90
+
+  Abelot, 90
+
+  Abericusgentylis, 223, 224
+
+  Abigail, 66, 67, 68, 141
+
+  Abner, 53
+
+  Abraham, 35, 85
+
+  Abstinence, 152, 187
+
+  Abuse-not, 162
+
+  Accepted, 123, 152, 171, 193
+
+  Achsah, 55
+
+  Acts-Apostles 58, 227
+
+  Adah, 53
+
+  Adam, 35
+
+  Adcock, 16, 35
+
+  Adecock, 15
+
+  Adkin, 10, 35
+
+  Admiral, 197
+
+  Adna, 53
+
+  Adoniram, 84, 88
+
+  Agatha, 144
+
+  Agnes, 43, 93
+
+  Aholiab, 45, 85
+
+  Aid-on-high, 174
+
+  Alathea, 144
+
+  Alianora, 23
+
+  Alice, 18
+
+  Aliot, 28
+
+  Alison, 18
+
+  Alpheus, 47
+
+  Altham, 230
+
+  Althamia, 230
+
+  Althea, 144
+
+  Always, 211
+
+  Alydea, 144
+
+  Amalasiontha, 60
+
+  Amelia, 92
+
+  America, 212
+
+  Americus, 212
+
+  Amery, 108, 212
+
+  Amice, 102
+
+  Aminadab, 57
+
+  Amity, 203, 209
+
+  Amor, 137
+
+  Amos, 51, 84
+
+  Anammeriah, 221
+
+  Ananias, 69, 73, 89, 185
+
+  And Charity, 227
+
+  Angel, 130, 131
+
+  Angela, 131
+
+  Anger, 155
+
+  Anketill, 101, 226
+
+  Anna, 23, 35, 48
+
+  Anna Maria, 220, 221
+
+  Anne, 23, 208
+
+  Anne-Mary, 221
+
+  Annette, 23
+
+  Annora, 23
+
+  Annot, 23, 25, 33, 82
+
+  Anot, 24
+
+  Antipas, 73, 74
+
+  Antony, 96
+
+  Aphora, 64
+
+  Aphra, 64
+
+  Aphrah, 63
+
+  Appoline, 95
+
+  Aquila, 53, 102
+
+  Araunah, 57
+
+  Arise, 194, 195
+
+  Asa, 53
+
+  Ashael, 53
+
+  Ashes, 63, 181
+
+  Assurance, 120
+
+  Atcock, 16
+
+  Atkin, 10
+
+  Atkinson, 13
+
+  Audria, 106
+
+  Austen, 43
+
+  Austin, 103
+
+  Avery, 101, 102
+
+  Avice, 108
+
+  Awdry, 93, 103
+
+  Axar, 55
+
+  Aymot, 79
+
+  Azariah, 53
+
+  Azarias, 57, 69
+
+
+  B
+
+  Bab, 106, 107
+
+  Badcock, 16
+
+  Baldwin, 3, 85
+
+  Baptist, 35
+
+  Barbara, 28, 107
+
+  Barbelot, 28
+
+  Barijirehah, 60
+
+  Barjonah, 57
+
+  Barnabas, 45, 205
+
+  Barrabas, 74
+
+  Bartholomew, 2, 3, 29, 34, 36, 44, 90, 92
+
+  Bartelot, 5, 29
+
+  Bartle, 5
+
+  Bartlett, 29
+
+  Barzillai, 53
+
+  Bat, 5, 6, 34, 90
+
+  Batcock, 5, 14, 16, 34
+
+  Bate, 5, 16, 85, 90
+
+  Bathsheba, 71, 110
+
+  Bathshira, 71
+
+  Bathshua, 71
+
+  Batkin, 5, 16, 77, 81
+
+  Battalion, 179
+
+  Batty, 5
+
+  Bawcock, 16
+
+  Beata, 134, 137, 138
+
+  Beatrice, 17
+
+  Beatrix, 17, 92
+
+  Beelzebub, 75
+
+  Belief, 200
+
+  Beloved, 173
+
+  Ben, 86
+
+  Benaiah, 53
+
+  Benedict, 94
+
+  Benedicta, 94, 138
+
+  Bennet, 94
+
+  Benjamin, 65
+
+  Benoni, 65
+
+  Bess, 106, 114, 116
+
+  Bessie, 114, 115
+
+  Be-steadfast, 163
+
+  Be-strong, 161
+
+  Betha, 114
+
+  Be-thankful, 161, 194
+
+  Bethia, 114
+
+  Bethsaida, 179
+
+  Bethshua, 122
+
+  Beton, 17
+
+  Betsy, 115
+
+  Bett, 114
+
+  Betty, 114, 115, 116
+
+  Beulah, 178
+
+  Bezaleel, 45
+
+  Bill, 92
+
+  Blaze, 93, 94
+
+  Boaz, 69
+
+  Bob, 6, 8
+
+  Bodkin, 10
+
+  Bonaventure, 208
+
+  Bradford, 232
+
+  Bride, 94
+
+  Brownjohn, 8
+
+
+  C
+
+  Cain, 54
+
+  Caleb, 52, 55, 61, 69
+
+  Canaan, 179
+
+  Cannon, 211
+
+  Caroletta, 112
+
+  Carolina, 92, 112
+
+  Carolina Wilhelmina Amelia, 92, 221
+
+  Caroline, 112
+
+  Cartwright, 230
+
+  Cassandra, 70
+
+  Catharine, 3, 36, 43, 93
+
+  Cecilia, 3, 6, 22, 28, 36, 43, 48, 51, 93, 228
+
+  Centurian, 178
+
+  Cess, 6
+
+  Cesselot, 28
+
+  Changed, 153
+
+  Charity, 67, 140, 141, 154, 199, 202, 204, 227, 234
+
+  Charity Lucanoa, 235
+
+  Charles, 112, 206
+
+  Charles Caractacus Ostorius Maximilian Gustavus Adolphus, 222
+
+  Charles James, 215, 216
+
+  Charles Maria, 218
+
+  Charles Mustava, 235
+
+  Charles Neville, 228
+
+  Charles Parish, 233
+
+  Charlotte, 112
+
+  Chatwynd, 231
+
+  Chauncey, 206, 207, 233
+
+  Cherubin, 170
+
+  Chesterton, 231
+
+  China, 211
+
+  Christ, 76
+
+  Christian, 33, 126, 199
+
+  Christiana, 199
+
+  Christian Ethiopia, 235
+
+  Christmas, 211
+
+  Christopher, 28
+
+  Christophilus, 123
+
+  Church-reform, 232
+
+  Chylde-of-God, 133
+
+  Cibell, 106
+
+  Cissot, 22
+
+  Clarice, 6
+
+  Clemence, 110
+
+  Clemency, 142
+
+  Cloe, 48
+
+  Cock, 14
+
+  Col, 34
+
+  Cole, 34, 90, 111
+
+  Colet, 102
+
+  Colin, 19, 31, 80
+
+  Colinet, 30, 31
+
+  Coll, 6
+
+  Collet, 80
+
+  Collin, 19
+
+  Colling, 19
+
+  Collinge, 19
+
+  Comfort, 149, 167, 204, 209
+
+  Con, 110, 143, 145
+
+  Confidence, 149
+
+  Consider, 209, 210
+
+  Constance, 143
+
+  Constancy, 142, 143
+
+  Constant, 121, 143, 193, 204
+
+  Continent, 123, 200
+
+  Cornelius, 69
+
+  Cotton, 205
+
+  Cranmer, 232
+
+  Creatura Christi, 133
+
+  Creature, 132, 133
+
+  Cressens, 57
+
+  Crestolot, 28
+
+  Cuss, 23
+
+  Cussot, 23, 143
+
+  Cust, 23, 143
+
+  Custance, 23, 143
+
+
+  D
+
+  Dalilah, 57
+
+  Damaris, 47, 48, 91
+
+  Dameris, 47, 48
+
+  Dammeris, 47
+
+  Dammy, 91
+
+  Dampris, 47
+
+  Damris, 47
+
+  Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar, 182
+
+  Daniel, 35, 72
+
+  Dankin, 35
+
+  Dannet, 35
+
+  Darcas, 48
+
+  David, 6
+
+  Daw, 6
+
+  Dawkin, 10
+
+  Dawks, 13
+
+  Dean, 197
+
+  Deb, 83, 91
+
+  Deborah, 51, 66, 83, 90
+
+  Deccon, 20
+
+  Degory, 101
+
+  Deliverance, 169, 170, 209
+
+  Delivery, 169
+
+  Dennis, 103, 234
+
+  Dennis Philpot, 235
+
+  Deodat, 209
+
+  Deodatus, 137
+
+  Deonata, 137
+
+  Depend, 162
+
+  Dependance, 209
+
+  Desiderata, 137, 202
+
+  Desiderius, 137
+
+  Desire, 137, 202, 209
+
+  Diccon, 19, 82
+
+  Dicconson, 20
+
+  Dick, 8, 90, 92, 109, 111
+
+  Dickens, 13, 20
+
+  Dickenson, 13, 20
+
+  Dickin, 10, 20
+
+  Die-well, 165
+
+  Diffidence, 200
+
+  Diggon, 20
+
+  Digory, 101
+
+  Diligence, 148
+
+  Dinah, 71, 72, 75, 76
+
+  Dionisia, 20, 23
+
+  Dionys, 234
+
+  Diot, 23
+
+  Discipline, 179
+
+  Discretion, 199
+
+  Dobbin, 19
+
+  Dobinet, 30, 33, 82
+
+  Do-good, 165, 200
+
+  Dogory, 101
+
+  Doll, 92, 105, 106, 107, 111
+
+  Dolly, 107, 109
+
+  Donate, 137
+
+  Donation, 209
+
+  Donatus, 134, 137
+
+  Dora, 107
+
+  Dorcas, 47, 48, 61, 119
+
+  Do-right, 200
+
+  Dorothea, 92, 107
+
+  Dorothy, 43, 48, 107
+
+  Douce, 22, 107
+
+  Doucet, 81
+
+  Douglas, 230
+
+  Dowcett, 22
+
+  Do-well, 165
+
+  Dowsabel, 107
+
+  Dowse, 107
+
+  Dowsett, 22
+
+  Drew, 26, 100, 102
+
+  Drewcock, 16
+
+  Drewet, 26, 81
+
+  Drocock, 16
+
+  Drusilla, 73
+
+  Dudley, 231, 232
+
+  Duke, 196
+
+  Dun, 111
+
+  Dunn, 211
+
+  Dust, 63, 124
+
+
+  E
+
+  Earl, 197
+
+  Easter, 36, 96
+
+  Ebbot, 22
+
+  Ebed-meleck, 69, 83, 85
+
+  Ebenezer, 83
+
+  Eden, 179
+
+  Edward Alexander, 216
+
+  Edward Maria, 217
+
+  Elcock, 16
+
+  Eleanor, 24
+
+  Eleanora, 24
+
+  Eleazar, 205
+
+  Elena, 18, 24
+
+  Eleph, 53
+
+  Eliakim, 57
+
+  Elias, 2, 28, 35
+
+  Elicot, 28
+
+  Elihu, 53
+
+  Eli-lama-Sabachthani, 57
+
+  Eliot, 28
+
+  Elisha, 69
+
+  Elisot, 28
+
+  Eliza, 115, 116
+
+  Elizabeth, 113, 116
+
+  Elizabeth Christabell, 234
+
+  Elizabeth Mary, 220
+
+  Elizar, 102
+
+  Elkanah, 84
+
+  Ellice, 29, 101
+
+  Ellicot, 29
+
+  Elliot, 28
+
+  Ellis, 28, 29, 35
+
+  Ellisot, 29
+
+  Elnathan, 56, 205
+
+  Emanuel, 76, 130, 131, 183
+
+  Emery, 108
+
+  Emm, 5, 220
+
+  Emma, 3, 21, 29, 48, 51, 78, 79, 81
+
+  Emmett, 21
+
+  Emmot, 5, 8, 21, 27, 29, 78, 79
+
+  Emmotson, 21
+
+  Emperor, 212
+
+  Enecha, 69
+
+  Enoch, 69
+
+  Enot, 24
+
+  Epaphroditus, 69, 85
+
+  Epenetus, 57, 69
+
+  Ephin, 98
+
+  Ephraim, 69, 85
+
+  Epiphany, 36, 97
+
+  Er, 53
+
+  Erasmus, 134
+
+  Erastus, 53, 57
+
+  Esaias, 69, 72
+
+  Esau, 69
+
+  Esaye, 102
+
+  Essex, 230
+
+  Esther, 49, 96
+
+  Eugénie, 236
+
+  Eunice, 53
+
+  Euodias, 56
+
+  Eve, 24, 35
+
+  Evett, 35
+
+  Evot, 24
+
+  Evott, 35
+
+  Experience, 147, 148, 199, 203, 209
+
+  Ezechell, 69
+
+  Ezeckiell, 45
+
+  Ezekias, 102
+
+  Ezekiel, 72, 85, 88
+
+  Ezekyell, 46
+
+  Ezot, 113
+
+  Ezota, 113
+
+
+  F
+
+  Faint-not, 124, 158, 159, 194, 211
+
+  Faith, 67, 140, 141, 147, 154, 201, 204, 227
+
+  Faithful, 154, 199, 211
+
+  Faith-my-joy, 126
+
+  Fannasibilla, 223
+
+  Fare-well, 165, 166
+
+  Fauconnet, 31
+
+  Fawcett, 81
+
+  Fear, 203
+
+  Fear-God, 156, 157, 162
+
+  Fearing, 209
+
+  Fear-not, 122, 159
+
+  Fear-the-Lord, 190
+
+  Feleaman, 69
+
+  Felicity, 149
+
+  Fick, 19
+
+  Ficken, 19
+
+  Figg, 19
+
+  Figgess, 19
+
+  Figgin, 19
+
+  Figgins, 19
+
+  Figgs, 19
+
+  Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, 180, 184, 194
+
+  Flie-fornication, 176, 194, 200
+
+  Forsaken, 176
+
+  Fortune, 176, 210
+
+  Francis, 75
+
+  Francis-Gunsby, 225
+
+  Frank, 106, 110
+
+  Free-gift, 166, 167, 193
+
+  Free-grace, 209
+
+  Free-man, 177, 178
+
+  Frideswide, 101
+
+  Friend, 211
+
+  From-above, 124, 167
+
+  Fulk, 100, 103
+
+  Fulke, 31
+
+
+  G
+
+  Gabriel, 131, 140, 183
+
+  Gamaliel, 57, 69
+
+  Gavin, 100
+
+  Gawain, 100
+
+  Gawen, 100
+
+  Gawin, 50, 100
+
+  Gawyn, 33, 103
+
+  Geoffrey, 44
+
+  George, 11, 111, 113
+
+  George William Frederic, 221
+
+  Georgi-Anna, 224
+
+  Georgina, 92
+
+  Gercyon, 69
+
+  Gershom, 39, 57, 69
+
+  Gersome, 101
+
+  Gertrude, 110
+
+  Gervase, 101
+
+  Gib, 25
+
+  Gibb, 6
+
+  Gibbet, 25
+
+  Gibbin, 19
+
+  Gibbing, 19
+
+  Gibbon, 19
+
+  Gilbert, 25
+
+  Gill, 22, 104
+
+  Gillian, 3, 22
+
+  Gillot, 22
+
+  Gillotyne, 32
+
+  Gilpin, 19
+
+  Given, 137, 209
+
+  Give-thanks, 161
+
+  Goddard, 101
+
+  Godgivu, 2
+
+  God-help, 175
+
+  Godly, 152, 153
+
+  Godric, 2
+
+  Goliath, 72
+
+  Good-gift, 167
+
+  Good-work, 200
+
+  Grace, 126, 140, 144, 147, 154, 200, 204
+
+  Graceless, 200
+
+  Gracious, 153, 172
+
+  Grigg, 6
+
+  Grissel, 106
+
+  Grizill, 103
+
+  Guion, 26
+
+  Guiot, 26
+
+  Guillotin, 32
+
+  Gulielma Maria, 218
+
+  Gulielma Maria Posthuma, 218
+
+  Guy, 3, 26, 51, 80
+
+  Gyllian, 103
+
+
+  H
+
+  Habakkuk, 56
+
+  Hadassah, 49
+
+  Hal, 26
+
+  Halkin, 11
+
+  Hallet, 26
+
+  Hamelot, 27
+
+  Hameth, 53
+
+  Hamilton, 79
+
+  Hamlet, 8, 26, 27, 29, 78, 79, 101
+
+  Hammett, 101
+
+  Hamnet, 26, 27, 29
+
+  Hamon, 26, 29, 78
+
+  Hamond, 26, 29, 78, 79
+
+  Hamonet, 27
+
+  Hamynet, 33
+
+  Han-cock, 10, 16
+
+  Handcock, 16
+
+  Handforth, 231
+
+  Handmaid, 178, 195
+
+  Hankin, 10, 11, 82
+
+  Hanna, 35
+
+  Hannah, 47, 49, 144
+
+  Hanover, 232
+
+  Harbotles Harte, 234
+
+  Hariph, 53
+
+  Harriet, 26
+
+  Harriot, 26
+
+  Harry, 88, 90, 92, 109
+
+  Hate-bad, 200, 211
+
+  Hate-evil, 119, 163, 210, 211
+
+  Hatill, 163
+
+  Have-mercie, 175
+
+  Hawkes, 13
+
+  Hawkin, 11
+
+  Hawkins, 13
+
+  Hawks, 13
+
+  Heacock, 16
+
+  Heavenly-mind, 200
+
+  Heber, 53
+
+  Helpless, 175
+
+  Help-on-high, 160, 174, 181, 189
+
+  Henrietta Maria, 215, 216, 218
+
+  Henry, 3, 26, 44, 126
+
+  Henry Frederick, 215, 217
+
+  Henry Postumus, 219
+
+  Hephzibah, 53
+
+  Hercules, 70
+
+  Hester, 35, 48
+
+  Hew, 26
+
+  Hewet, 26, 81
+
+  Hewlett, 28
+
+  Hick, 6, 85
+
+  Hickin, 35
+
+  Higg, 26
+
+  Higget, 35
+
+  Higgin, 19, 35, 82
+
+  Higgot, 26, 35
+
+  Hillary, 94
+
+  Hiscock, 16
+
+  Hitch-cock, 16
+
+  Hobb, 6
+
+  Hobelot, 28
+
+  Hodge, 82, 85, 90
+
+  Hold-the-world, 200
+
+  Honest, 199
+
+  Honora, 92, 145
+
+  Honour, 139, 142, 145
+
+  Hope, 140, 147, 154, 202, 209, 227
+
+  Hopeful, 125, 159, 199
+
+  Hope-on-high, 189
+
+  Hope-still, 159, 160, 204, 209
+
+  Hope-well, 160
+
+  Hopkin, 10
+
+  Hopkins, 13
+
+  Howe-Lee, 225
+
+  Hud, 6
+
+  Huelot, 28
+
+  Huggin, 19
+
+  Huggins, 18
+
+  Hugginy, 236
+
+  Hugh, 6, 18, 19, 26, 28
+
+  Hughelot, 28
+
+  Hugonet, 31, 32
+
+  Huguenin, 31
+
+  Huguenot, 32
+
+  Hugyn, 18
+
+  Humanity, 142
+
+  Humble, 152, 200
+
+  Humiliation, 151
+
+  Humility, 152, 203, 205
+
+  Humphrey, 88
+
+  Hutchin, 18
+
+  Hutchinson, 18
+
+  Hyppolitus, 70
+
+
+  I
+
+  Ibbetson, 22
+
+  Ibbett, 22
+
+  Ibbot, 22, 81
+
+  Ibbotson, 22
+
+  Ichabod, 65, 205
+
+  If-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned, 156
+
+  Immanuel, 42
+
+  Increase, 168, 169, 194, 205, 209
+
+  Increased, 122, 168, 195
+
+  Ingram, 100
+
+  Ingram Dionis, 234
+
+  Inward, 179
+
+  Isaac, 3, 26, 35, 203, 205, 206
+
+  Isabella, 3, 22, 48, 51, 81
+
+  Isaiah, 52
+
+  Issott, 81
+
+  Ithamaria, 223
+
+
+  J
+
+  Jabez, 40
+
+  Jachin, 53
+
+  Jack, 2, 6, 8, 26, 90
+
+  Jackcock, 8
+
+  Jackett, 26
+
+  Jacob, 35
+
+  Jacolin, 106
+
+  Jacomyn, 103, 106
+
+  Jacquinot, 31
+
+  Jaell, 46, 65
+
+  James, 36
+
+  James-Smith, 225
+
+  Jane, 48, 103, 106
+
+  Jannet, 31
+
+  Jannetin, 31
+
+  Janniting, 31
+
+  Jannotin, 31
+
+  Japhet, 195
+
+  Jeduthan, 53
+
+  Jeffcock, 14, 16, 81
+
+  Jeffkin, 10
+
+  Jehoiada, 53
+
+  Jehostiaphat, 85
+
+  Jenkin, 8, 11, 33
+
+  Jenkinson, 13
+
+  Jenks, 13
+
+  Jennin, 19
+
+  Jenning, 8, 19
+
+  Jeremiah, 63, 88, 90
+
+  Jeremy, 63, 69, 72, 88
+
+  Jermyna, 230
+
+  Jerry, 91
+
+  Jesus-Christ-came-into-the-world-to-save, 156
+
+  Jethro, 101
+
+  Jill, 2, 22, 104
+
+  Joab, 53
+
+  Joan, 103, 106
+
+  Joane Dennis, 234
+
+  Joane Yorkkoope, 224
+
+  Job, 69, 84, 126
+
+  Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, 181, 184
+
+  Joel, 51
+
+  Jockaminshaw, 223, 224
+
+  John, 2, 3, 7, 35, 36, 110, 111, 112, 126, 197, 208, 215, 226
+
+  Johnamaria, 223
+
+  John Christopher Burton, 222
+
+  John City Hall, 235
+
+  Johncock, 16
+
+  John Posthumus, 219
+
+  John Wearmouth, 235
+
+  Jolly, 211
+
+  Jonadab, 69
+
+  Jonathan, 69, 206
+
+  Jordan, 11, 35, 37
+
+  Jordanson, 35
+
+  Joseph, 35
+
+  Joshua, 69
+
+  Joskin, 35
+
+  Jowett, 22
+
+  Joy-againe, 124
+
+  Joyce, 67, 103, 107, 114
+
+  Joye, 205
+
+  Joy-in-sorrow, 174
+
+  Juckes, 13
+
+  Juckin, 11
+
+  Judas, 36
+
+  Judas-not-Iscariot, 74
+
+  Judd, 6, 11, 35
+
+  Jude, 110
+
+  Judith, 35, 48, 49
+
+  Judkin, 11, 35
+
+  Judson, 35
+
+  Jukes, 13
+
+  Julian, 22
+
+  Juliana, 104
+
+  Juliet, 22
+
+  Junior, 197
+
+  Just, 204
+
+  Justice, 142
+
+
+  K
+
+  Kate, 92, 105, 106
+
+  Katherine Whitefryers, 234
+
+  Kelita, 53
+
+  Kenburrow, 231
+
+  Kerenhappuch, 56
+
+  Keturah, 57
+
+  Keziah, 57
+
+  Kit, 86, 87
+
+  Knowledge, 199
+
+
+  L
+
+  Lætitia, 92, 108
+
+  Lais, 70, 71
+
+  Lambert, 31
+
+  Lamberton, 20
+
+  Lambin, 20, 81
+
+  Lambinet, 31
+
+  Lambkin, 10
+
+  Lamblin, 20
+
+  Lament, 163, 164, 176
+
+  Lamentation, 174, 187
+
+  Lamentations, 63
+
+  Lamin, 20
+
+  Laming, 20
+
+  Lammin, 20
+
+  Lamming, 20
+
+  Lampin, 20
+
+  Lampkin, 10
+
+  Larkin, 6, 10
+
+  Lawrence, 233
+
+  Laycock, 15
+
+  Leah, 47, 66, 69
+
+  Learn-wisdom, 119
+
+  Learn-wysdome, 163
+
+  Lemon, 211
+
+  Lemuel, 53
+
+  Lesot, 23
+
+  Lettice, 23, 48, 108
+
+  Life, 209
+
+  Lina, 24
+
+  Linot, 24
+
+  Little, 197
+
+  Littlejohn, 8
+
+  Live-loose, 200
+
+  Lively, 153
+
+  Live-well, 164, 200
+
+  Living, 170
+
+  Louisa, 92
+
+  Love, 137, 141, 203
+
+  Love-God, 164, 165, 200
+
+  Love-lust, 200
+
+  Love Venus, 70
+
+  Love-well, 165
+
+  Luccock, 15
+
+
+  M
+
+  Mab, 22
+
+  Mabbott, 22
+
+  Mabel, 22
+
+  Madge, 33, 82
+
+  Magdalen, 126
+
+  Magnify, 161
+
+  Magot, 23
+
+  Mahaliel, 57
+
+  Mahershalalhashbaz, 41, 58, 120
+
+  Major, 196
+
+  Makin, 12
+
+  Makinson, 12
+
+  Malachi, 52, 53, 69
+
+  Malkin, 9, 11, 12
+
+  Malkynson, 12
+
+  Mallet, 230
+
+  Manasseh, 40, 203
+
+  Margaret, 3, 22
+
+  Margaret Jacobina, 232
+
+  Margerie, 25, 106
+
+  Margett, 22
+
+  Margotin, 31
+
+  Margott, 23
+
+  Maria, 92, 215, 217, 220 223
+
+  Marian, 19, 227
+
+  Maria Posthuma, 219
+
+  Marion, 18, 24
+
+  Mariot, 24
+
+  Mariotin, 32
+
+  Marioton, 31
+
+  Mark Lane, 233
+
+  Marshall, 197
+
+  Martha, 47
+
+  Mary, 12, 24, 105, 113, 218, 220
+
+  Mary Ann, 220, 227
+
+  Mary Given, 137
+
+  Mary Josephina Antonietta, 222
+
+  Mary Porch, 234
+
+  Mat, 95, 110
+
+  Matathias, 100
+
+  Mathea, 95
+
+  Matilda, 3, 21, 48, 81, 106
+
+  Matthew, 13, 36, 92
+
+  Maud, 12, 48
+
+  Maurice, 101
+
+  Maycock, 13, 16
+
+  Meacock, 13
+
+  Meakin, 12
+
+  Mehetabell, 66
+
+  Melchisedek, 56, 83, 85, 101
+
+  Melior, 138
+
+  Mephibosheth, 85
+
+  Mercy, 110, 142, 154, 199, 209
+
+  Meshach, 53, 63
+
+  Michael, 131, 183
+
+  Michalaliel, 60
+
+  Micklejohn, 8
+
+  Milcom, 74
+
+  Miles, 44, 51
+
+  Miracle, 178
+
+  Mocock, 15
+
+  Mokock, 15
+
+  Moll, 106, 111
+
+  Mordecai, 57, 63
+
+  Mordecay, 69
+
+  More-fruite, 124, 167, 168, 194
+
+  Morrice, 101
+
+  Moses Dunstan, 234
+
+  Much-mercy, 122, 170, 194
+
+  Mun, 111
+
+  Mycock, 16
+
+  My-sake, 178
+
+
+  N
+
+  Nab, 89, 90
+
+  Nan, 92, 104, 105, 111
+
+  Nancy, 105, 106
+
+  Naphtali, 53
+
+  Nat, 91, 206
+
+  Nathaniel, 69, 78, 90, 119, 126, 205, 206
+
+  Natkin, 78
+
+  Nazareth, 179
+
+  Ned, 111
+
+  Nehemiah, 119, 120
+
+  Nell, 106
+
+  Neptune, 70
+
+  Neriah, 53
+
+  Neville, 228, 231
+
+  Nichol, 82
+
+  Nicholas, 2, 3, 34, 36, 37, 43, 45, 80, 90, 91, 92
+
+  Nick, 111
+
+  Noah, 35, 69, 195
+
+  Noel, 36, 98, 99
+
+  No-merit, 122, 170, 174
+
+  Northamtonia, 229
+
+  Nothing, 211
+
+  Nowell, 36, 99
+
+
+  O
+
+  Obadiah, 72
+
+  Obediah, 51, 61, 69
+
+  Obedience, 148
+
+  Obey, 162
+
+  Oceanus, 208
+
+  Olive, 106
+
+  Olivia, 92, 106, 221
+
+  Onesiphorus, 56, 57, 85
+
+  Onslowe, 231
+
+  Opportunity, 211
+
+  Original, 128, 129
+
+  Othniell, 69
+
+  Oziell, 69
+
+
+  P
+
+  Palcock, 16
+
+  Pardon, 209
+
+  Paris, 70
+
+  Parish Church, 235
+
+  Parkin, 34
+
+  Parnel, 104
+
+  Parratt, 79
+
+  Pascal, 36
+
+  Pasche, 96
+
+  Pascoe, 96
+
+  Pash, 11
+
+  Pashkin, 11
+
+  Pask, 11, 36
+
+  Paskin, 11
+
+  Patience, 120, 139, 143, 145, 147, 202, 203, 204
+
+  Patient, 204
+
+  Paul, 36
+
+  Payn, 26
+
+  Paynet, 26
+
+  Paynot, 26
+
+  Peaceable, 203
+
+  Peacock, 15, 34
+
+  Peg, 106
+
+  Pelatiah, 57
+
+  Peleg, 69
+
+  Pentecost, 36, 43, 98
+
+  Pepper, 211
+
+  Peregrine, 208
+
+  Perkin, 11, 34
+
+  Perks, 13
+
+  Perot, 79
+
+  Perrin, 18, 19, 34, 81
+
+  Perrinot, 31
+
+  Perrot, 34, 79
+
+  Perrotin, 31
+
+  Perseverance, 149, 187, 204
+
+  Persis, 48, 121
+
+  Peter, 2, 3, 18, 34, 36, 37, 45, 51, 79, 92, 105
+
+  Peter Grace, 234
+
+  Petronilla, 105
+
+  Pharaoh, 52, 69, 72
+
+  Phebe, 48
+
+  Philadelphia, 144
+
+  Philcock, 81
+
+  Philemon, 45, 53, 69
+
+  Philip, 2, 3, 26, 36, 37, 51, 90, 92, 95, 113
+
+  Philiponet, 31
+
+  Phillis, 106
+
+  Philpot, 26, 77, 80
+
+  Phineas, 52
+
+  Phippin, 19, 81
+
+  Phip, 85, 90
+
+  Pidcock, 15
+
+  Pierce, 82
+
+  Pierre, 34
+
+  Piers, 79
+
+  Piety, 199
+
+  Pipkin, 11
+
+  Pleasant, 177
+
+  Pol, 36
+
+  Pontius Pilate, 58
+
+  Posthuma, 217, 218
+
+  Posthumus, 45, 215, 217, 218, 219
+
+  Potkin, 11
+
+  Praise-God, 119, 156, 157, 158
+
+  Presela, 126
+
+  Preserved, 173, 210
+
+  Prince, 197
+
+  Pris, 91
+
+  Priscilla, 47, 48, 90, 126
+
+  Properjohn, 8
+
+  Providence, 178
+
+  Pru, 142, 145
+
+  Prudence, 129, 142, 145, 155, 199, 202, 209
+
+  Prudentia, 92, 142
+
+  Purifie, 125
+
+  Purkiss, 13
+
+
+  Q
+
+  Quod-vult-Deus, 135
+
+
+  R
+
+  Rachel, 66, 67, 69, 141
+
+  Ralph, 20, 37, 85, 111
+
+  Ramoth-Gilead, 54
+
+  Raoul, 20
+
+  Raoulin, 20
+
+  Rawlings, 20
+
+  Rawlins, 20
+
+  Rawlinson, 20
+
+  Rebecca, 45, 51, 66
+
+  Redeemed, 136, 193
+
+  Redemptus, 136
+
+  Rediviva, 136
+
+  Reformation, 179
+
+  Refrayne, 162
+
+  Rejoice, 147, 160, 161, 209
+
+  Rejoyce, 122
+
+  Reliance, 209
+
+  Relictus, 137
+
+  Remember, 203, 209
+
+  Remembrance, 204
+
+  Renata, 136
+
+  Renatus, 134, 136
+
+  Renewed, 121, 136, 194
+
+  Renold Falcon, 234
+
+  Renovata, 134, 136
+
+  Repent, 153, 162, 175
+
+  Repentance, 45, 150, 151, 153, 176, 194
+
+  Replenish, 168
+
+  Resolved, 203
+
+  Restore, 175, 193
+
+  Restraint, 187
+
+  Returne, 162, 194
+
+  Revelation, 191
+
+  Revolt, 203
+
+  Richard, 3, 28, 37, 44, 46, 103, 110, 119, 131, 184, 195, 205
+
+  Richelot, 28
+
+  Riches, 177, 210
+
+  River, 211
+
+  Robelot, 28
+
+  Robert, 3, 28, 37, 44, 52, 110, 211, 228
+
+  Robbin, 19
+
+  Robin, 19, 33
+
+  Robinet, 30
+
+  Robing, 19
+
+  Robinson, 197
+
+  Roger, 3, 37, 52, 90, 119
+
+  Roger Middlesex, 234
+
+  Roger Peeter, 234
+
+  Rum John Pritchard, 235
+
+  Rutterkin, 10
+
+
+  S
+
+  Sabbath, 179
+
+  Safe-deliverance, 131, 169
+
+  Safe-on-high, 121, 174, 194, 200
+
+  Salt, 211
+
+  Sampson, 35
+
+  Samuel, 205
+
+  Sancho, 130
+
+  Sander, 15
+
+  Sandercock, 15
+
+  Sapphira, 73
+
+  Sara, 35, 45, 66
+
+  Sarah, 51, 205
+
+  Saturday, 180
+
+  Sea-born, 208
+
+  Sea-mercy, 208
+
+  Search-the-Scriptures, 200, 210
+
+  Search-truth, 200
+
+  See-truth, 200
+
+  Sehon, 74
+
+  Selah, 57, 178
+
+  Senchia, 130
+
+  Sense, 129, 130
+
+  Seraphim, 170
+
+  Seth, 69, 102
+
+  Seuce, 129
+
+  Shadrach, 53, 63
+
+  Shadrack, 57
+
+  Shallum, 53, 56
+
+  Shelah, 53
+
+  Shorter, 197
+
+  Sib, 92, 105, 106
+
+  Sibb, 106
+
+  Sibby, 106
+
+  Sibilla, 24
+
+  Sibot, 24
+
+  Sibyl, 105
+
+  Sidney, 207
+
+  Silcock, 16
+
+  Silence, 11, 145, 147, 200
+
+  Silkin, 11
+
+  Sill, 11, 111, 145, 146
+
+  Sim, 6, 33, 82
+
+  Simcock, 14, 15
+
+  Simkin, 11
+
+  Simon, 2, 3, 36, 43, 45, 92, 111
+
+  Simpkinson, 13
+
+  Sincere, 199
+
+  Sin-denie, 122
+
+  Sin-deny, 162
+
+  Sir Isaac, 197, 227
+
+  Sir Robert, 197, 227
+
+  Sirs, 54
+
+  Sis, 92, 93, 105
+
+  Sissot, 22, 81
+
+  Something, 211
+
+  Sophia, 92, 144, 221
+
+  Sorry-for-sin, 122, 153
+
+  Sou'wester, 207
+
+  Squire, 196
+
+  Standfast, 199, 209
+
+  Stand-fast-on-high, 174
+
+  Stedfast, 121
+
+  Stepkin, 10
+
+  Sterling, 211
+
+  Steward, 230
+
+  Subpena, 137
+
+  Sudden, 212
+
+  Supply, 209
+
+  Susan, 48, 49, 106, 129
+
+  Susanna, 35
+
+  Susey, 129
+
+  Sybil, 11, 145
+
+  Sydney, 207, 231, 232, 233
+
+  Syssot, 22
+
+
+  T
+
+  Tabitha, 47, 119
+
+  Tace, 146, 147
+
+  Tacey, 147
+
+  Talitha-Cumi, 57
+
+  Talkative, 200
+
+  Tamar, 71, 72, 75, 76
+
+  Tamaris, 47
+
+  Tamsin, 109
+
+  Tamson, 108
+
+  Tamworth, 230
+
+  Tankerville, 230
+
+  Tebbutt, 26
+
+  Tellno, 54
+
+  Temperance, 129, 142, 143, 144, 145, 204, 209
+
+  Tetsy, 115
+
+  Tetty, 115
+
+  Thank, 109
+
+  Thankful, 123, 171, 172, 173, 200
+
+  Thanks, 171, 172
+
+  Theobald, 25, 36, 43
+
+  Theobalda, 43
+
+  Theophania, 97
+
+  Theophilus, 69, 126
+
+  Tholy, 5
+
+  Thomas, 2, 3, 26, 34, 36, 75, 108, 203, 215
+
+  Thomas Barkin, 233
+
+  Thomasena, 109
+
+  Thomaset, 26
+
+  Thomas Fulton, 235
+
+  Thomas Hill Joseph Napoleon Horatio Bonaparte Swindlehurst Nelson, 222
+
+  Thomasin, 109
+
+  Thomasine, 108, 110
+
+  Thomas Maria, 215
+
+  Thomas Posthumus, 215, 219
+
+  Thomazin, 109
+
+  Thomesin, 109
+
+  Thurstan, 102
+
+  Thurston, 50
+
+  Tib, 6, 25, 43, 104, 106
+
+  Tibbe, 25, 26
+
+  Tibbett, 25
+
+  Tibbin, 19
+
+  Tibbitt, 25
+
+  Tibet, 25, 33, 82
+
+  Tibbot, 25
+
+  Tibot, 25, 43
+
+  Tiffanie, 97
+
+  Tiffany, 36, 97
+
+  Tiffeny, 97
+
+  Tillett, 21
+
+  Tillot, 21
+
+  Tillotson, 21
+
+  Tim, 6
+
+  Timothy, 36
+
+  Tipkin, 11
+
+  Tippin, 19
+
+  Tipping, 19
+
+  Tippitt, 25
+
+  Tobel, 40
+
+  Toll, 29
+
+  Tollett, 20
+
+  Tollitt, 29
+
+  Tolly, 5, 29
+
+  Tom, 8, 34, 82, 86, 87, 90, 92, 109, 111, 122
+
+  Tomasin, 109
+
+  Tomkin, 11, 34
+
+  Tonkin, 10
+
+  Trial, 187
+
+  Tribulation, 120, 147, 185, 186
+
+  Trinity, 178
+
+  True-heart, 200
+
+  Truth, 142, 144, 202
+
+  Tryphena, 48, 57
+
+  Tryphosa, 48, 57
+
+  Tufton, 231
+
+  Tunstall, 231
+
+  Tyffanie, 97
+
+  Tyllot, 21
+
+  Typhenie, 97
+
+
+  U
+
+  Unfeigned, 172
+
+  Unity, 178
+
+  Upright, 200
+
+  Urias, 102
+
+  Ursula, 43, 93
+
+
+  V
+
+  Vashni, 53
+
+  Venus, 70, 71, 75, 76
+
+  Victory, 149
+
+  Virginia, 208
+
+  Virtue, 148
+
+  Vitalis, 132, 133
+
+
+  W
+
+  Walter, 3
+
+  Warin, 26
+
+  Warinot, 26
+
+  Washington, 232
+
+  Wat, 82, 85, 90
+
+  Watchful, 199
+
+  Watkin, 9, 11, 77, 81
+
+  Watkins, 13
+
+  Watt, 6
+
+  Weakly, 175
+
+  Wealthy, 177, 209, 210
+
+  Welcome, 209
+
+  What-God-will, 135
+
+  Wilcock, 8, 16, 34, 77
+
+  Wilkin, 8, 9, 11, 34
+
+  Will, 6, 86, 88, 111
+
+  Willan, 34
+
+  William, 3, 7, 26, 34, 44, 110, 112, 184, 195, 203
+
+  William Henry, 220
+
+  Willin, 34
+
+  Willing, 34
+
+  Willot, 8
+
+  Wilmot, 8, 26, 34, 80
+
+  Windebank, 230
+
+  Woodrove, 231
+
+  Wrath, 155
+
+  Wrestling, 203
+
+  Wyatt, 26, 80
+
+  Wyon, 26
+
+
+  Y
+
+  Young Allen, 197
+
+  Young John, 197, 227
+
+
+  Z
+
+  Zabulon, 85
+
+  Zachary, 46, 69, 88
+
+  Zanchy, 130
+
+  Zaphnaphpaaneah, 58
+
+  Zaphnaphpaaneah Isaiah Obededom Nicodemus Francis Edward, 222
+
+  Zeal-for-God, 200
+
+  Zeal-of-the-land, 88, 120, 187, 188
+
+  Zebulon, 69
+
+  Zephaniah, 52, 87
+
+  Zerrubabel, 40, 41, 119, 120
+
+  Zillah, 53
+
+  Zipporah, 66, 86
+
+
+
+
+_Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles._
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] This is easily proved. In the wardrobe accounts for Edward IV., 1480,
+occur the following items:--
+
+    "John Poyntmaker, for pointing of xl. dozen points of silk pointed
+    with agelettes of laton.
+
+    "John Carter, for cariage away of a grete loode of robeux that was
+    left in the strete.
+
+    "To a laborer called Rychard Gardyner working in the gardyne.
+
+    "To Alice Shapster for making and washing of xxiiii. sherts, and
+    xxiiii. stomachers."
+
+Shapster is a feminine form of Shapper or Shaper--one who shaped or cut
+out cloths for garments. All these several individuals, having no
+particular surname, took or received one from the occupation they
+temporarily followed.--"Privy Purse Expenses, Eliz. of York," p. 122.
+
+[2] Any number of such instances might be recorded. Mr. W. C. Leighton, in
+_Notes and Queries_, February 23, 1861, notices a deed dated 1347, wherein
+two John de Leightons, brothers, occur. Mr. Waters, in his interesting
+pamphlet, "Parish Registers" (p. 30), says that Protector Somerset had
+three sons christened Edward, born respectively 1529, 1539, and 1548. All
+were _living_ at the same time. He adds that John Leland, the antiquary,
+had a brother John, and that John White, Bishop of Winchester 1556-1560,
+was brother to Sir John White, Knight, Lord Mayor in 1563.
+
+[3] "I also give to the said Robert ... that land which Hobbekin de Bothum
+held of me."--Ext. deed of Sir Robert de Stokeport, Knight, 1189-1199:
+Earwaker's "East Cheshire," p. 334.
+
+[4] I have seen Stepkin as a surname but once. Lieutenant Charles Stepkin
+served under the Duke of Northumberland, in 1640.--Peacock's "Army List of
+Roundheads and Cavaliers," p. 78.
+
+[5] _Adekyn_ was the simple and only title of the harper to Prince Edward
+in 1306, who attended the _cour plenière_ held by King Edward at the feast
+of Whitsuntide at Westminster.--Chappell, "Popular Music of ye Olden
+Time," p. 29.
+
+[6] Sill was the nick form of Sybil and Silas till the seventeenth
+century, when the Puritan Silence seized it. I have only seen one instance
+of the surname, "John Silkin" being set down as dwelling in Tattenhall,
+Cheshire, in 1531 (Earwaker's "East Cheshire," p. 56).
+
+[7] Nevertheless the surname did exist in Yorkshire in Richard II.'s
+reign:
+
+    "Willelmus Malkynson, and Dionisia uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+[8] I need not quote, in proof of the popularity of _kin_, our surnames of
+Simpkinson, Hopkins, Dickens, Dickenson, Watkins, Hawkins, Jenkinson,
+Atkinson, and the rest. I merely mention that the patronymics ending in
+_kins_ got abbreviated into _kiss_, and _kes_, and _ks_. Hence the origin
+of our Perkes, Purkiss, Hawkes, and Hawks, Dawks, Jenks, Juckes, and Jukes
+(Judkins).
+
+[9] In this class we must assuredly place Figgins. In the Hundred Rolls
+appears "Ralph, son of Fulchon." Here, of course, is the diminutive of the
+once common Fulke. Fick and Figg were the nick forms:
+
+    "1 Henry VIII. To Fygge the taborer, 6{d}."--Churchwarden's Books of
+    Kingston-on-Thames, Brand's "Pop. Ant.," i. 147.
+
+The London Directory has all the forms and corruptions as surnames,
+including Fick, Ficken, Figg, Figgs, Figgess, and Figgins.
+
+[10] Guion was not half so popular in England as Guiot. There are
+fifty-five Wyatts to three Wyons in the London Directory (1870). If
+Spenser had written of Guyon two centuries earlier, this might have been
+altered. Guy Fawkes ruined Guy. He can never be so popular again.
+
+[11] Cornwall would naturally be last to be touched by the Reformation.
+Hence these old forms were still used to the close of Elizabeth's reign,
+as for instance:
+
+    "1576, March 24. Baptized Ibbett, d. of Kateryne Collys, bastard.
+
+    "1576, July 30. Baptized Isott, d. of Richard Moyle."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+[12] This connection of Scripture name with present circumstance ran out
+its full period. In the diary of Samuel Jeake, a well-known Puritan of
+Rye, occurs this reference to his son, born August 13, 1688: "At 49
+minutes past 11 p.m. exactly (allowing 10' that the sun sets at Rye before
+he comes to the level of the horizon, for the watch was set by the
+sun-setting), my wife was safely delivered of a son, whom I named
+Manasseh, hoping that God had now made me _forget_ all my
+toils."--"History of Town and Port of Rye," p. 576. Manasseh =
+forgetfulness.
+
+A bishop may be instanced. Aylmer, who succeeded Sandys in the see of
+London, was for many years a favourer of Puritanism, and had been one of
+the exiles. His sixth son was _Tobel_ (_i.e._ God is good), of Writtle, in
+Essex. Archbishop Whitgift was his godfather, and the reason for his
+singular appellation was his mother's being overturned in a coach without
+injury when she was pregnant (Cooper's "Ath. Cant." ii. 172).
+
+Again: "At Dr. Whitaker's death, his wife is described as being 'partui
+vicina,' and a week afterwards her child was christened by the name of
+_Jabez_, doubtless for the scriptural reason 'because, she said, I bare
+him with sorrow.'"--Cooper's "Ath. Cant." ii. 197.
+
+[13] Esther's other name of Hadassah had a share of favour. So late as
+William and Mary's reign we find the name in use:
+
+    "1691, May 24. Christened Hadasa, daughter of Arthur Richardson.
+
+    "1693, Sep. 4. Christened John, son of Nicholas and Hadassah
+    Davis."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+[14] In the Lancashire "Church Surveys," 1649-1655, being the first volume
+of the Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society's publications, edited by
+Colonel Fishwick, occur Thurston Brown, Thurston Brere, Thurston Brich, on
+one single page of the index.
+
+[15] To tell a lie is to tell a _lee_ in Lancashire.
+
+[16] Several names seem to have been taken directly from the Hebrew
+tongue. "Amalasioutha" occurs as a baptismal name in the will of a man
+named Corbye, 1594 (Rochester Wills); Barijirehah in that of J. Allen,
+1651, and Michalaliel among the Pilgrim Fathers (Hotten).
+
+[17] Colonel Cunningham, in his annotations of the "Alchemist," says,
+speaking of the New Englanders bearing the Puritan prejudices with them:
+"So deeply was it rooted, that in the rebellion of the colonies a member
+of that State seriously proposed to Congress the putting down of the
+English language by law, and decreeing the universal adoption of the
+Hebrew in its stead."--Vol. ii. p. 33, Jonson's Works.
+
+[18] The following entry is a curiosity:
+
+    "1756, May 24. Buried Love Venus Rivers."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+[19] Even Nathaniel may have been a pre-Reformation name, for Grumio says,
+"Call forth Nathaniel, Joseph, Nicholas, Philip, Walter, Sugarsop, and the
+rest; let their heads be sleekly combed" ("Taming of the Shrew," Act iv.
+sc. 1.), where he is manifestly using the old names.
+
+[20] Zachary was the then form of Zachariah, as Jeremy of Jeremiah.
+Neither is a nickname.
+
+[21] The story of Cain and Abel would be popularized in the "mysteries."
+Abelot was a favourite early pet form (_vide_ "English Surnames," index;
+also p. 82).
+
+[22] "Jan, 1537. Item: payed to Blaze for brawdering a payre of sleves for
+my lady's grace, xx{s}."--"Privy Purse Expenses, Princess Mary."
+
+[23] Philip is found just as frequently for girls as boys:
+
+    "1588, March 15. Baptized Phillip, daughter of John Younge.
+
+    "1587, Feb. 7. Baptized Phillip, daughter of James Laurence."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+[24] In the Oxford edition, 1859, is a foot-note: "Appoline was the usual
+name in England, as Appoline in France, for Apollonia, a martyr at
+Alexandria, who, among other tortures, had all her teeth beaten out."
+
+[25] Mr. Beesley, in his "History of Banbury" (p. 456), curiously enough
+speaks of this _Epiphany_ as a Puritan example. I need not say that a
+Banbury zealot would have as soon gone to the block as impose such a title
+on his child.
+
+[26] Gawain, Gawen, or Gavin lingered till last century in Cumberland and
+the Furrness district. The surname of Gunson in the same parts shows that
+"Gun" was a popular form. Hence, in the Hundred Rolls, Matilda fil. Gunne
+or Eustace Gunnson. The London Directory forms are Gowan, Gowen, and
+Gowing:
+
+    "1593, Nov. 7. Buried Sarra Bone, wife of Gawen Bone."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+[27] A good instance of the position in society of Jane and Joan is seen
+in Rowley's "A Woman never Vexed," where, in the _dramatis personæ_,
+_Jane_ is daughter to the London Alderman, and _Joan_ servant-wench to the
+Widow. The play was written about 1630.
+
+[28] There seems to have been some difficulty in forming the feminines of
+Charles, all of which are modern. Charlotte was known in England before
+the queen of George III. made it popular, through the brave Charlet la
+Trémouille, Lady Derby; but it was rarely used:
+
+    "1670, Oct. 26. Sir Sam{l}. Morland to Carola Harsnet."--Westminster
+    Abbey.
+
+    "1703. Charlotte Eliza, d. of Mr. John Harmand, a French
+    minister."--Hammersmith.
+
+    "9 Will. III. June 29. Caroletta Hasting, defendant."--Decree Rolls,
+    MSS. Record Office.
+
+Carolina, Englished into Caroline, became for a while the favourite, but
+Charlotte ran away with the honours after the beloved princess of that
+name died.
+
+[29] Bethia still lingers in certain families, but its origin has
+manifestly been forgotten. In _Notes and Queries_, February 23, 1861, Mr.
+W. A. Leighton deems the name an incorrect version of the scriptural
+Bithiah (1 Chron. iv. 18); while "G.," writing March 9, 1861, evidently
+agrees with this conclusion, for after saying that his aunt, a sister, and
+two cousins bear it, he adds, "They spell it Bethia and Bathia, instead of
+Bithiah, which is the accurate form"! Miss Yonge also is at fault: "The
+old name of Bethia, to be found in various English families, probably came
+from an ancestral Beth on either Welsh, Scots, or Irish sides." She makes
+it Keltic.
+
+The latest instance of Bethia I have seen is the following, on a mural
+tablet in Kirkthorpe Church, York:--
+
+    "Bethia Atkins, ob. Ap. 16th, 1851, aged 74."
+
+[30] "But the ridicule which falls on this mode of naming children belongs
+not to these times only, for the practice was in use long
+before."--Harris, "Life of Oliver Cromwell," p. 342.
+
+[31] This child was buried a few days later. From the name given the
+father seems to have expected the event.
+
+[32] From 1585 to 1600, that is, in fifteen years, Warbleton register
+records more than a hundred examples of eccentric Puritanism.
+
+[33] This name crept into Yorkshire after Accepted Frewen became
+archbishop. "Thornton Church is a little episcopal chapel-of-ease, rich in
+Nonconformist monuments, as of Accepted Lister, and his friend Dr.
+Hale."--Mrs. Gaskell's "Charlotte Brontë," p. 37.
+
+[34] Faith-my-joy was buried June 12, 1602. While the name was Puritan in
+the sense that it would never have been given but for the zealots, it was
+merely a translation of the Purefoy motto, "Pure Foi ma Joi." Antony
+turned it into a spiritual allusion.
+
+[35] "On Jan. 28, 17 James I., William Foster ... together with Sir Henry
+Burton, Susan Mowne, and James Bynde, and Sanctia or Sence his wife,
+joined in conveying to Robert Raunce and Edward Thurland ... a house and
+land in Carshalton on trust to sell."--"Bray's Surrey," ii. 513.
+
+[36] Erasmus became a popular baptismal name, and still exists:
+
+    "1541, Jan. 3. Baptized Erasmus, sonne of John Lynsey."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1593, Sep. 16. Baptized Erasmus, sonne of John Record, merchaunt
+    tailor."--Ditto.
+
+    "1611, July 18. Buried Erasmus Finche, captaine, of Dover
+    Castle."--Cant. Cath.
+
+[37] "April 6, 1879, at St. Peter's Thanet, entered into rest, Mary Given
+Clarke, aged 71 years."--_Church Times_, April 10, 1879.
+
+[38] The following is curious, although it does not properly belong to
+this class:
+
+    "1629, July 11. Baptized Subpena, a man childe found at the Subpena
+    office in Chancery Lane."--St. Dunstan.
+
+[39] _Melior_ was a favourite:--
+
+    "1675, April 15. Baptized Melior, d. of Thomas and Melior
+    Richardson."--Westminster Abbey.
+
+    "1664-5, Feb. 22. William Skutt seeks renewal of a wine licence, which
+    he holds in behalf of his mother-in-law, Melior Allen, of Sarum, at
+    £10 a year."--"C. S. P. Dom."
+
+    "1552, July 11. Baptized Mellior, d. of John James."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+[40] "1661, Sep. 6. Baptized Faith Dionis, Charity Dionis, Grace Dionis,
+three foundlings."--St. Dionis, Backchurch.
+
+The _Manchester Evening Mail_, March 22, 1878, says, "At Stanton, near
+Ipswich, three girls, having been born at one birth, were baptized Faith,
+Hope, and Charity."
+
+[41] Constance had been an old English favourite, its nick and pet forms
+being Cust, or Custance, or Cussot (_vide_ "English Surnames," p. 67, 2nd
+edition). The Puritan dropped these, but adopted "Constant" and
+"Constancy." The more worldly, in the mean time, curtailed it to "Con."
+
+[42] Sophia did not come into England for a century after this. But, while
+speaking of Greek names, the most popular was Philadelphia:
+
+    "1639, May 3. Buried the Lady Philadelphia Carr."--Hillingdon,
+    Middlesex.
+
+    "1720, Aug. 6. Married William Adams and Philadelphia Saffery."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1776, Jan. 5. Buried Philadelphia, wife of John Read."--Blockley,
+    Glouc.
+
+Whether Penn styled the city he founded after the Church mentioned in the
+Apocalypse, or after a friend or kinswoman, or because, interpreted, it
+was a Quaker sentiment, I cannot say. But Philadelphia, in James I.'s
+reign, had become such a favourite that I have before me over a hundred
+instances, after no very careful research. None was needed; it appears in
+every register, and lingered on into the present century.
+
+[43] "1658. Mr. Charles Beswicke, minister of the parish ch. of Stockport,
+and Sylance Symonds, d. of Mr. Robert Symonds, of Daubever, co. Derby,
+published March 28, April 4 and 11, 1658."--Banns, Parish Church,
+Stockport.
+
+This Silence was either mother or grandmother to Silence Thyer, but I am
+not sure which is the relationship. If grandmother, then there must have
+been three generations of "Silences."
+
+[44] "I myself have known some persons in London, and other parts of this
+kingdom, who have been christened by the names of Faith, Hope, Charity,
+Mercy, Grace, Obedience, Endure, Rejoice, etc."--Brome's "Travels in
+England," p. 279.
+
+[45] Repentance lingered longer than I thought. In the churchyard of
+Mappowder, Dorset, is a tombstone to the memory of "Repentance, wife of,"
+etc. She died within the last twenty years. There is no doubt that these
+names found their latest home in Devon and Dorset. The names in Mr.
+Blackmore's novels corroborate this.
+
+[46] This is another case of a Puritan name that got into high society.
+Accepted Frewen died an archbishop; Humble Ward became first Baron Ward.
+His daughter Theodosia married Sir Thomas Brereton, Bart.
+
+[47] "Faithful Teate was minister at Sudbury, Suffolk, at the time Richard
+Sibbes, who was born close by, was growing up."--Sibbes' Works, 1. xxvi.
+Nichol, 1862.
+
+[48] Antony à Wood says Robert Abbott, minister at Cranbrook, Kent,
+published a quarto sermon in 1626, entitled "Be-thankful London and her
+Sisters." When we remember that Warbleton in 1626 had at least a dozen
+Be-Thankfuls among its inhabitants, and that Cranbrook was within walking
+distance, we see where the title of this discourse was got.
+
+[49] Live-well Chapman was a Fifth Monarchy man. There is still extant a
+pamphlet headed "A Declaration of several of the Churches of Christ, and
+Godly People, in and about the City of London, concerning the Kingly
+Interest of Christ, and the Present Sufferings of His Cause, and Saints in
+England. Printed for Live-well Chapman, 1654."
+
+[50] These two were twins:
+
+    "1589, Oct. 12. Baptized Fre-gyft and Fear-not, ye children of John
+    Lulham."--Warbleton.
+
+[51] This, no doubt, will be a relative of the well-known Puritan, Comfort
+Starr, born in the adjacent hamlet of Ashford.
+
+[52] A tablet in Northiam Church says--
+
+    "In memory of Thankfull Frewen, Esq., patron of, and a generous
+    benefactor to, this Church: who was many years purse-bearer and
+    afterwards secretary to Lord Keeper Coventry, in the reign of Charles
+    the First."
+
+A flat stone in the chancel commemorates the second Thankful:
+
+    "Hic situs est vir reverendus Thankfull Frewen hujus ecclesiæ per
+    quinquaginta sex annos rector sanctissimus & doctissimus ... obiit
+    2{do} Septembris, 1749, anno ætatis 81{mo}."
+
+[53] We have already seen that Stephen Vynall had a daughter baptized
+No-merit at Warbleton, September 28, 1589. Heley's influence followed him
+to Isfield, as this entry proves.
+
+[54] "1723.--Welthiana Bryan."--Nicholl's "Coll. Top. et Gen.," iii. 250.
+
+[55] Pleasant lasted for some time:
+
+    "1757, Jan. 11. Married Thomas Dunn and Pleasant Dadd."--Cant. Cath.
+
+[56] A dozen Freemans may be seen within the limits of half that number of
+pages in the Finchley registers. Here is one:
+
+    "1603, Feb. 26. Baptized Freeman, filius Freeman Page."
+
+[57] That is, he held him crosswise in his arms.
+
+[58] "And here was 'Bartholomew Fayre' acted to-day, which had not been
+these forty years, it being so satyricall against Puritanism, they durst
+not till now."--Pepys, Sept. 7, 1661.
+
+[59] That some changed their names for titles of more godly import need
+not be doubted. William Jenkin says, "I deny not, but in some cases it may
+be lawfull to change our names, or forbear to mention them, either by
+tongue or pen: but then we should not be put upon such straits by the
+badnesse of our actions (as the most are) which we are ashamed to own,
+_but by the consideration of God's glory_, or _the Churches good_, or our
+own necessary preservation in time of persecution."--"Exposition of Jude,"
+1652, p. 7.
+
+[60] A child was baptized, January 10, 1880, in the parish church of
+Stone, near Dartford, by the name of Sou'wester. He was named after an
+uncle who was born at sea in a south-westerly gale, who received the same
+name (_Notes and Queries_, February 7, 1880).
+
+[61] We have already recorded Hate-evil as existing in the Banbury Church
+register.
+
+[62] The practice of hyphening names, as a condition of accepting
+property, etc., is of recent origin. By this means not a double baptismal,
+but a double patronymic, name is formed. But though manifestly increasing,
+the number of such double surnames is not yet a large one.
+
+[63] "At Faversham a tradesman in 1847 had a son baptized Church-reform,
+and wished for another, to style him No-tithes, but wished in vain."--P.
+S. in _Notes and Queries_, February 3, 1866.
+
+[64] Sometimes, however, one was deemed enough, as, for instance,
+"Charitye, daughter of the Lord knows who!" This is from Youlgreave,
+Derbyshire, but the correspondent of _Notes and Queries_ does not give the
+date.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.
+
+Superscripted characters are indicated by {superscript}.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature, by 
+Charles W. Bardsley
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature, by 
+Charles W. Bardsley
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
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+
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+Title: Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature
+
+Author: Charles W. Bardsley
+
+Release Date: March 28, 2012 [EBook #39284]
+
+Language: English
+
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+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOSITIES OF PURITAN NOMENCLATURE ***
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+
+
+<h1><small>CURIOSITIES<br />OF<br />PURITAN NOMENCLATURE</small></h1>
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+
+<div class="vertsbox">
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By the same Author.</span></p>
+<p class="center"><i>Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 7s. 6d.</i></p>
+<p class="title">OUR ENGLISH SURNAMES: their Sources and Significations.</p>
+
+<p class="note">&#8220;Mr. Bardsley has faithfully consulted the original medi&aelig;val documents and
+works from which the origin and development of surnames can alone be
+satisfactorily traced. He has furnished a valuable contribution to the
+literature of surnames, and we hope to hear more of him in this
+field.&#8221;&mdash;<i>Times.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY, W.</i></p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">CURIOSITIES</span><br />
+OF<br />
+<span class="huge">PURITAN NOMENCLATURE</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><small>BY</small><br />
+CHARLES W. BARDSLEY<br />
+<small>AUTHOR OF &#8220;ENGLISH SURNAMES, THEIR SOURCES AND SIGNIFICATIONS&#8221;</small></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="table">
+<tr><td><span style="margin-left: 10em;">&#8220;O my lord,</span><br />
+The times and titles now are alter&#8217;d strangely&#8221;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 13em;"><span class="smcap">King Henry VIII.</span></span></td></tr></table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/deco.jpg" alt="" /></div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">London<br />
+CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY<br />
+1880</p>
+<p class="center">[<i>The right of translation is reserved</i>]</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><i>Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><small>DEDICATED TO</small><br />
+<span class="large">HIS FELLOW MEMBERS</span><br />
+<small>OF THE</small><br />
+<span class="large">HARLEIAN SOCIETY</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></p>
+<h2>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I will not be so ill-natured as to quote the names of all the writers who
+have denied the existence of Puritan eccentricities at the font. One, at
+least, ought to have known better, for he has edited more books of the
+Puritan epoch than any other man in England. The mistake of all is that,
+misled perhaps by Walter Scott and Macaulay, they have looked solely to
+the Commonwealth period. The custom was then in its decay.</p>
+
+<p>I have to thank several clergymen for giving me extracts from the
+registers and records under their care. A stranger to them, I felt some
+diffidence in making my requests. In every case the assistance I asked for
+was readily extended. These gentlemen are the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, St.
+Matthew, Friday Street, London; the Rev. W. Wodehouse, Elham, Canterbury;
+the Rev. J. B. Waytes, Markington, Yorks.; the Rev. William Tebbs,
+Caterham Valley; the Rev. Canon Howell, Drayton, Norwich; the Rev. J. O.
+Lord, Northiam, Staplehurst; and the Rev. G. E. Haviland, Warbleton,
+Sussex. The last-named gentleman copied no less than 120<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span> names, all of
+Puritan origin, from the Warbleton records. I beg to thank him most
+warmly, and to congratulate him on possessing the most remarkable register
+of its kind in England. Certain circumstances led me to suspect that
+Warbleton was a kind of head-quarters of these eccentricities; I wrote to
+the rector, and we soon found that we had &#8220;struck ile.&#8221; That Mr. Heley,
+the Puritan incumbent, should have baptized his own children by such names
+as Fear-not and Much-mercy, was not strange, but that he should have
+persuaded the majority of his parishioners to follow his example proves
+wonderful personal influence.</p>
+
+<p>Amongst the laity, I owe gratitude to Mr. Chaloner Smith, Richmond,
+Surrey; Mr. R. R. Lloyd, St. Albans; Mr. J. E. Bailey, F.S.A., Manchester;
+Mr. J. L. Beardsley, Cleveland, U.S.A.; Mr. Tarbutts, Cranbrook, Kent; and
+Mr. Speed, Ulverston.</p>
+
+<p>Of publications, I must needs mention <i>Notes and Queries</i>, a
+treasure-house to all antiquaries; the Sussex Arch&aelig;ological Society&#8217;s
+works, and the <i>Yorkshire Arch&aelig;ological and Topographical Journal</i>. The
+&#8220;Wappentagium de Strafford&#8221; of the latter is the best document yet
+published for students of nomenclature. Out of it alone a complete history
+of English surnames and baptismal names might be written. Though inscribed
+with clerkly formality, it contained more <i>pet forms</i> than<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span> any other
+record I have yet seen; and this alone must stamp it as a most important
+document. The Harleian Society, by publishing church registers, have set a
+good example, and I have made much use of those that have been issued.
+They contain few instances of Puritan extravagance, but that is owing to
+the fact that no leading Puritan was minister of any of the three churches
+whose records they have so far printed. I sincerely hope the list of
+subscribers to this society may become enlarged.</p>
+
+<p>For the rest&mdash;the result of twelve years&#8217; research&mdash;I am alone
+responsible. Heavy clerical responsibilities have often been lightened by
+a holiday spent among the yellow parchments of churches in town and
+country, from north to south of England. As it is possible I have seen as
+many registers as any other man in the country, I will add one
+statement&mdash;a very serious one: there are thousands of entries, at this
+moment faintly legible, which in another generation will be wholly
+illegible. What is to be done?</p>
+
+<p>Should this little work meet the eye of any of the clergy in Sussex, Kent,
+and, I may add, Surrey, I would like to state that if they will search the
+baptismal records of the churches under their charge, say from 1580 to
+1620, and furnish me with the result, I shall be very much obliged.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;"><span class="smcap">Vicarage, Ulverston</span>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>March, 1880</i>.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a></span></p>
+<h2>NOTE.</h2>
+
+<p class="center">W. D. S. in the Prologue = &#8220;Wappentagium de Strafford.&#8221;</p>
+<p class="center">C. S. P. = &#8220;Calendar of State Papers.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</a></span></p>
+<p class="title">CONTENTS.</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="table">
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="#PROLOGUE">PROLOGUE.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="center">THE PET-NAME EPOCH IN ENGLAND.</td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="right"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">I.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">The Paucity of Names after the Conquest</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">II.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Pet Forms</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>a.</i>) Kin</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>b.</i>) Cock</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>c.</i>) On or In</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>d.</i>) Ot or Et</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>e.</i>) Double Terminatives.</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">III.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Scripture Names already in use at the Reformation</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>a.</i>) Mystery Names</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>b.</i>) Crusade Names</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>c.</i>) The Saints&#8217; Calendar</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>d.</i>) Festival Names</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="center">THE HEBREW INVASION.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">I.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">The March of the Army</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">II.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Popularity of the Old Testament</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">III.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Objectionable Scripture Names</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">IV.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Losses</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>a.</i>) The Destruction of Pet Forms</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>b.</i>) The Decrease of Nick Forms</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>c.</i>) The Decay of Saint and Festival Names</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>d.</i>) The Last of some Old Favourites</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">V.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">The General Confusion</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_109">109</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[Pg xii]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="center">PURITAN ECCENTRICITIES.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">I.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Introductory</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_117">117</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">II.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Originated by the Presbyterian Clergy</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">III.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Curious Names not Puritan</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_128">128</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">IV.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Instances</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>a.</i>) Latin Names</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>b.</i>) Grace Names</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>c.</i>) Exhortatory Names</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_155">155</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>d.</i>) Accidents of Birth</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_166">166</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>e.</i>) General</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_176">176</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">V.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">A Scoffing World</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_179">179</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>a.</i>) The Playwrights</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_182">182</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>b.</i>) The Sussex Jury</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_191">191</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent">(<i>c.</i>) Royalists with Puritan Names</td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_194">194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">VI.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Bunyan&#8217;s Debt to the Puritans</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_198">198</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">VII.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">The Influence of Puritanism on American Nomenclature</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="#EPILOGUE">EPILOGUE.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td align="center">DOUBLE CHRISTIAN NAMES: THEIR RISE AND PROGRESS.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">I.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Royal Double Names</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_213">213</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">II.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Conjoined Names</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_222">222</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">III.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Hyphened Names</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_224">224</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">IV.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">The Decay of Single Patronymics in Baptism</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_228">228</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">V.</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">The Influence of Foundling Names upon Double Baptismal Names</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_233">233</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Index</span></td>
+    <td align="right"><a href="#Page_239">239</a></td></tr></table>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><span class="huge">CURIOSITIES OF PURITAN NOMENCLATURE.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2><a name="PROLOGUE" id="PROLOGUE"></a>PROLOGUE.</h2>
+<p class="title">THE PET-NAME EPOCH IN ENGLAND.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;One grows too fat, another too lean: modest Matilda, pretty pleasing
+Peg, sweet-singing Susan, mincing merry Moll, dainty dancing Doll,
+neat Nancy, jolly Joan, nimble Nell, kissing Kate, bouncing Bess with
+black eyes, fair Phillis with fine white hands, fiddling Frank, tall
+Tib, slender Sib, will quickly lose their grace, grow fulsome, stale,
+sad, heavy, dull, sour, and all at last out of fashion.&#8221;&mdash;<i>Anatomy of
+Melancholy.</i></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Be the jacks fair within, the jills fair without, the carpets laid,
+and everything in order?&#8221;&mdash;<i>The Taming of the Shrew.</i></p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">I. <span class="smcap">The Paucity of Names after the Conquest.</span></p>
+
+<p>There were no Scripture names in England when the Conqueror took
+possession; even in Normandy they had appeared but a generation or two
+before William came over. If any are found in the old<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> English period, we
+may feel assured they were ecclesiastic titles, adopted at ordination.
+Greek and Latin saints were equally unnoticed.</p>
+
+<p>It is hard to believe the statement I have made. Before many generations
+had passed, Bartholomew, Simon, Peter, Philip, Thomas, Nicholas, John, and
+Elias, had engrossed a third of the male population; yet Domesday Book has
+no Philip, no Thomas, only one Nicholas, and but a sprinkling of Johns. It
+was not long before Jack and Jill took the place of Godric and Godgivu as
+representative of the English sexes, yet Jack was from the Bible, and Jill
+from the saintly Calendar.</p>
+
+<p>Without entering into a deep discussion, we may say that the great mass of
+the old English names had gone down before the year 1200 had been reached.
+Those that survived only held on for bare existence. From the moment of
+William&#8217;s advent, the names of the Norman began to prevail. He brought in
+Bible names, Saint names, and his own Teutonic names. The old English
+names bowed to them, and disappeared.</p>
+
+<p>A curious result followed. From the year 1150 to 1550, four hundred years
+in round numbers, there was a very much smaller dictionary of English
+personal names than there had been for four hundred years before, and than
+there has been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> in the four hundred years since. The Norman list was
+really a small one, and yet it took possession of the whole of England.</p>
+
+<p>A consequence of this was the Pet-name Epoch. In every community of one
+hundred Englishmen about the year 1300, there would be an average of
+twenty Johns and fifteen Williams; then would follow Thomas, Bartholomew,
+Nicholas, Philip, Simon, Peter, and Isaac from the Scriptures, and
+Richard, Robert, Walter, Henry, Guy, Roger, and Baldwin from the Teutonic
+list. Of female names, Matilda, Isabella, and Emma were first favourites,
+and Cecilia, Catharine, Margaret, and Gillian came closely upon their
+heels. Behind these, again, followed a fairly familiar number of names of
+either sex, some from the Teuton, some from the Hebrew, some from the
+Greek and Latin Church, but, when all told, not a large category.</p>
+
+<p>It was, of course, impossible for Englishmen and Englishwomen to maintain
+their individuality on these terms. Various methods to secure a
+personality arose. The surname was adopted, and there were John Atte-wood,
+John the Wheelwright, John the Bigg, and John Richard&#8217;s son, in every
+community. Among the middle and lower classes these did not become
+<i>hereditary</i> till so late as 1450<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> or 1500.<a name='fna_1' id='fna_1' href='#f_1'><small>[1]</small></a> This was not enough, for in
+common parlance it was not likely the full name would be used. Besides,
+there might be two, or even three, Johns in the same family. So late as
+March, 1545, the will of John Parnell de Gyrton runs:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Alice, my wife, and Old John, my son, to occupy my farm together,
+till Olde John marries; Young John, my son, shall have Brenlay&#8217;s land,
+plowed and sowed at Old John&#8217;s cost.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The register of Raby, Leicestershire, has this entry:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1559. Item: 29th day of August was John, and John Picke, the children
+of Xtopher and Anne, baptized.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Item: the 31st of August the same John and John were buried.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Burns, who quotes these instances in his &#8220;History of Parish
+Registers,&#8221; adds that at this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> same time &#8220;one John Barker had three sons
+named John Barker, and two daughters named Margaret Barker.&#8221;<a name='fna_2' id='fna_2' href='#f_2'><small>[2]</small></a></p>
+
+<p>If the same family had but one name for the household, we may imagine the
+difficulty when this one name was also popular throughout the village. The
+difficulty was naturally solved by, <i>firstly</i>, the adoption of <i>nick</i>
+forms; <i>secondly</i>, the addition of <i>pet</i> desinences. Thus Emma became by
+the one practice simple <i>Emm</i>, by the other <i>Emmott</i>; and any number of
+boys in a small community might be entered in a register as Bartholomew,
+and yet preserve their individuality in work-a-day life by bearing such
+names as Bat, Bate, Batty, Bartle, Bartelot, Batcock, Batkin, and Tolly,
+or Tholy. In a word, these several forms of Bartholomew were treated as so
+many separate proper names.</p>
+
+<p>No one would think of describing Wat Tyler&#8217;s&mdash;we<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> should now say Walter
+Tyler&#8217;s&mdash;insurrection as Gowen does:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;<i>Watte</i> vocat, cui <i>Thoma</i> venit, neque <i>Symme</i> retardat,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Bat</i>&mdash;que <i>Gibbe</i> simul, <i>Hykke</i> venire subent:</span><br />
+<i>Colle</i> furit, quem <i>Bobbe</i> juvat, nocumenta parantes,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cum quibus, ad damnum <i>Wille</i> coire volat&mdash;</span><br />
+<i>Crigge</i> rapit, dum <i>Davie</i> strepit, comes est quibus <i>Hobbe</i>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Larkin</i> et in medio non minor esse putat:</span><br />
+<i>Hudde</i> ferit, quem <i>Judde</i> terit, dum <i>Tibbe</i> juvatur<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Jacke</i> domosque viros vellit, en ense necat.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>These names, taken in order, are Walter, Thomas, Simon, Bartholomew,
+Gilbert, Isaac, Nicholas, Robert, William, Gregory, David, Robert (2),
+Lawrence, Hugh, Jordan (or George), Theobald, and John.</p>
+
+<p>Another instance will be evidence enough. The author of &#8220;Piers Plowman&#8221;
+says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Then goeth Glutton in, and grete other after,<br />
+<i>Cesse</i>, the sonteresse, sat on the bench:<br />
+<i>Watte</i>, the warner, and his wife bothe:<br />
+<i>Tymme</i>, the tynkere, and twayne of his prentices:<br />
+<i>Hikke</i>, the hackney man, and <i>Hugh</i>, the pedlere,<br />
+<i>Clarice</i>, of Cokkeslane, and the clerke of the churche:<br />
+<i>Dawe</i>, the dykere, and a dozen othere.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Taken in their order, these nick forms represent Cecilia, Walter, Timothy,
+Isaac, Clarice, and David. It will be seen at a glance that such
+appellatives are rare, by comparison, in the present day. Tricks of this
+kind were not to be played with Bible names at the Reformation, and the
+new names<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> from that time were pronounced, with such exceptions as will be
+detailed hereafter, in their fulness.</p>
+
+<p>To speak of William and John is to speak of a race and rivalry 800 years
+old. In Domesday there were 68 Williams, 48 Roberts, 28 Walters, to 10
+Johns. Robert Montensis asserts that in 1173, at a court feast of Henry
+II., Sir William St. John and Sir William Fitz-Hamon bade none but those
+who bore the name of William to appear. There were present 120 Williams,
+all knights. In Edward I.&#8217;s reign John came forward. In a Wiltshire
+document containing 588 names, 92 are William, 88 John, 55 Richard, 48
+Robert, 23 Roger, Geoffrey, Ralph, and Peter 16. A century later John was
+first. In 1347, out of 133 common councilmen for London, first convened,
+35 were John, 17 William, 15 Thomas, (St. Thomas of Canterbury was now an
+institution), 10 Richard, 8 Henry, 8 Robert. In 1385 the Guild of St.
+George at Norwich contained 377 names. Of these, John engrossed no less
+than 128, William 47, Thomas 41. The Reformation and the Puritan
+Commonwealth for a time darkened the fortunes of John and William, but the
+Protestant accession befriended the latter, and now, as 800 years ago,
+William is first and John second.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>But when we come to realize that nearly one-third of Englishmen were known
+either by the name of William or John about the year 1300, it will be seen
+that the <i>pet name</i> and <i>nick form</i> were no freak, but a necessity. We
+dare not attempt a category, but the surnames of to-day tell us much. Will
+was quite a distinct youth from Willot, Willot from Wilmot, Wilmot from
+Wilkin, and Wilkin from Wilcock. There might be half a dozen Johns about
+the farmstead, but it mattered little so long as one was called Jack,
+another Jenning, a third Jenkin, a fourth Jackcock (now Jacox as a
+surname), a fifth Brownjohn, and a sixth Micklejohn, or Littlejohn, or
+Properjohn (<i>i.e.</i> well built or handsome).</p>
+
+<p>The <i>nick</i> forms are still familiar in many instances, though almost
+entirely confined to such names as have descended from that day to the
+present. We still talk of Bob, and Tom, and Dick, and Jack. The
+introduction of Bible names at the Reformation did them much harm. But the
+Reformation, and the English Bible combined, utterly overwhelmed the <i>pet</i>
+desinences, and they succumbed. Emmot and Hamlet lived till the close of
+the seventeenth century, but only because they had ceased to be looked
+upon as altered forms of old favourite names, and were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> entered in vestry
+books on their own account as orthodox proper names.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">II. <span class="smcap">Pet Forms.</span></p>
+
+<p>These pet desinences were of four kinds.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>a</i>) <i>Kin.</i></p>
+
+<p>The primary sense of <i>kin</i> seems to have been relationship: from thence
+family, or offspring. The phrases &#8220;from generation to generation,&#8221; or
+&#8220;from father to son,&#8221; in &#8220;Cursor Mundi&#8221; find a briefer expression:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;This writte was gett fra kin to kin,<br />
+That best it cuth to haf in min.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The next meaning acquired by <i>kin</i> was child, or &#8220;young one.&#8221; We still
+speak in a diminutive sense of a manikin, kilderkin, pipkin, lambkin,
+jerkin, minikin (little minion), or doitkin. Appended to baptismal names
+it became very familiar. &#8220;A litul soth Sermun&#8221; says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Nor those prude yongemen<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That loveth Malekyn,</span><br />
+And those prude maydenes<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That loveth Janekyn:</span><br />
+<span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><br />
+Masses and matins<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ne kepeth they nouht,</span><br />
+For Wilekyn and Watekyn<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Be in their thouht.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>Unquestionably the incomers from Brabant and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> Flanders, whether as
+troopers or artisans, gave a great impulse to the desinence. They tacked
+it on to everything:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;<i>Rutterkin</i> can speke no Englyssh,<br />
+His tongue runneth all on buttyred fyssh,<br />
+Besmeared with grece abowte his dysshe<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Like a rutter hoyda.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>They brought in Hankin, and Han-cock, from Johannes; not to say Baudkin,
+or Bodkin, from Baldwin. <i>Baudechon le Bocher</i> in the Hundred Rolls, and
+<i>Simmerquin Waller</i>, lieutenant of the Castle of Harcourt in &#8220;Wars of the
+English in France,&#8221; look delightfully Flemish.</p>
+
+<p>Hankin is found late:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Thus for her love and loss poor Hankin dies,<br />
+His amorous soul down flies.&#8221;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;">&#8220;Musarum Delici&aelig;,&#8221; 1655.</span></p>
+
+<p>To furnish a list of English names ending in <i>kin</i> would be impossible.
+The great favourites were Hopkin (Robert),<a name='fna_3' id='fna_3' href='#f_3'><small>[3]</small></a> Lampkin and Lambkin
+(Lambert), Larkin (Lawrence), Tonkin (Antony), Dickin, Stepkin
+(Stephen),<a name='fna_4' id='fna_4' href='#f_4'><small>[4]</small></a> Dawkin (David), Adkin,<a name='fna_5' id='fna_5' href='#f_5'><small>[5]</small></a> now Atkin (Adam, not Arthur),
+Jeffkin <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>(Jeffrey), Pipkin and Potkin (Philip), Simkin, Tipkin (Theobald),
+Tomkin, Wilkin, Watkin (Walter), Jenkin, Silkin (Sybil),<a name='fna_6' id='fna_6' href='#f_6'><small>[6]</small></a> Malkin (Mary),
+Perkin (Peter), Hankin (Hans), and Halkin or Hawkin (Henry). Pashkin or
+Paskin reminds us of Pask or Pash, the old baptismal name for children
+born at Easter. Judkin (now as a surname also Juckin) was the
+representative of Judd, that is, Jordan. George afterwards usurped the
+place. All these names would be entered in their orthodox baptismal style
+in all formal records. But here and there we get free and easy entries, as
+for instance:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Agnes Hobkin-wyf, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Henry, son of Halekyn, for 17&#189; acres of land.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;De Lacy
+Inquisition,&#8221; 1311.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Emma Watkyn-doghter, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Thi beste cote, Hankyn,<br />
+Hath manye moles and spottes,<br />
+It moste ben y-wasshe.&#8221;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">&#8220;Piers Plowman.&#8221;</span></p></div>
+
+<p><i>Malkin</i> was one of the few English female names with this appendage. Some
+relics of this form of Mary still remain. Malkin in Shakespeare is the
+coarse scullery wench:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">&#8220;The kitchen malkin pins</span><br />
+Her richest lockram &#8217;bout her reechy neck,<br />
+Clambering the walls to eye him.&#8221;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;">&#8220;Coriolanus,&#8221; Act ii. sc. 1.</span></p>
+
+<p>While the author of the &#8220;Anatomy of Melancholy&#8221; is still more unkind, for
+he says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;A filthy knave, a deformed quean, a crooked carcass, a maukin, a
+witch, a rotten post, a hedge-stake may be so set out and tricked up,
+that it shall make a fair show, as much enamour as the rest.&#8221;&mdash;Part
+iii. sect. 2, mem. 2, sub-sect. 3.</p></div>
+
+<p>From a drab Malkin became a scarecrow. Hence Chaucer talks of
+&#8220;malkin-trash.&#8221; As if this were not enough, malkin became the baker&#8217;s
+clout to clean ovens with. Thus, as Jack took the name of the implements
+Jack used, as in boot-jack, so by easy transitions Malkin. The last hit
+was when Grimalkin (that is, grey-malkin) came to be the cant term for an
+old worn-out quean cat. Hence the witch&#8217;s name in &#8220;Macbeth.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>It will be seen at a glance why Malkin is the only name of this class that
+has no place among our surnames.<a name='fna_7' id='fna_7' href='#f_7'><small>[7]</small></a> She had lost character. I have
+suggested, in &#8220;English Surnames,&#8221; that Makin, Meakin, and Makinson owe
+their origin to either Mary or Maud. I would retract that supposition.
+There can be little doubt these are patronymics of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> Matthew, just as is
+Maycock or Meacock. Maykinus Lappyng occurs in &#8220;Materials for a History of
+Henry VII.,&#8221; and the Maykina Parmunter of the Hundred Rolls is probably
+but a feminine form. The masculine name was often turned into a feminine,
+but I have never seen an instance of the reverse order.</p>
+
+<p>Terminations in <i>kin</i> were slightly going down in popular estimation, when
+the Hebrew invasion made a clean sweep of them. They found shelter in
+Wales, however, and our directories preserve in their list of surnames
+their memorial for ever.<a name='fna_8' id='fna_8' href='#f_8'><small>[8]</small></a></p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>b</i>) <i>Cock.</i></p>
+
+<p>The term &#8220;cock&#8221; implied <i>pertness</i>: especially the pertness of lusty and
+swaggering youth. To cock up the eye, or the hat, or the tail, a haycock
+in a field, a cock-robin in the wood, and a cock-horse in the nursery, all
+had the same relationship of meaning&mdash;brisk action, pert
+demonstrativeness. The barn-door cockerel was not more cockapert<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> than the
+boy in the scullery that opened upon the yard where both strutted. Hence
+any lusty lad was &#8220;Cock,&#8221; while such fuller titles as Jeff-cock, or
+Sim-cock, or Bat-cock gave him a preciser individuality. The story of
+&#8220;Cocke Lorelle&#8221; is a relic of this; while the prentice lad in &#8220;Gammer
+Gurton&#8217;s Needle,&#8221; acted at Christ College, Cambridge, in 1566, goes by the
+only name of &#8220;Cock.&#8221; Tib the servant wench says to Hodge, after the needle
+is gone&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;My Gammer is so out of course, and frantic all at once,<br />
+That Cock our boy, and I, poor wench, have felt it on our bones.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>By-and-by Gammer calls the lad to search:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Come hither, Cock: what, Cock, I say.<br />
+<i>Cock.</i><span style="margin-left: 13em;">How, Gammer?</span><br />
+<i>Gammer.</i> Go, hie thee soon: and grope behind the old brass pan.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Such terms as nescock, meacock, dawcock, pillicock, or lobcock may be
+compounds&mdash;unless they owe their origin to &#8220;cockeney,&#8221; a spoiled,
+home-cherished lad. In &#8220;Wit without Money&#8221; Valentine says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;For then you are meacocks, fools, and miserable.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In &#8220;Appius and Virginia&#8221; (1563) Mausipula says (Act i. sc. 1)&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;My lady&#8217;s great business belike is at end,<br />
+When you, goodman dawcock, lust for to wend.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>In &#8220;King Lear&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Pillicock sat on pillicock-hill&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>seems an earlier rendering of the nursery rhyme&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Pillicock, Pillicock sate on a hill,<br />
+If he&#8217;s not gone, he sits there still.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In &#8220;Wily Beguiled&#8221; Will Cricket says to Churms&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Why, since you were bumbasted that your lubberly legs would not carry
+your lobcock body.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>These words have their value in proving how familiarly the term <i>cock</i> was
+employed in forming nicknames. That it should similarly be appended to
+baptismal names, especially the nick form of Sim, Will, or Jeff, can
+therefore present no difficulty.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cock</i> was almost as common as &#8220;<i>kin</i>&#8221; as a desinence. <i>Sim-cock</i> was
+<i>Simcock</i> to the end of his days, of course, if his individuality had come
+to be known by the name.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Hamme, son of Adecock, held 29 acres of land.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Mokock de la Lowe, for 10 acres.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Mokock dal Moreclough, for six acres.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Dik, son of Mocock, of Breercroft, for 20 acres.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;The De Lacy
+Inquisition,&#8221; 1311.</p></div>
+
+<p>Adecock is Adam, and Mocock or Mokock is Matthew. In the same way
+Sander-cock is a diminutive of Sander, Lay-cock of Lawrence, Luccock of
+Luke, Pidcock and Peacock of Peter,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> Maycock and Mycock of Matthew,
+Jeff-cock of Jeffrey, Johncock of John, Hitch-cock or Hiscock or Heacock
+of Higg or Hick (Isaac), Elcock of Ellis, Hancock or Handcock of Han or
+Hand (Dutch John), Drocock or Drewcock of Drew, Wilcock of William,
+Badcock or Batcock of Bartholomew, and Bawcock of Baldwin, Adcock or
+Atcock of Adam, Silcock of Silas, and Palcock of Paul:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Johannes Palcock, et Beatrix uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ricardus Sylkok, et Matilda uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>The difficulty of identification was manifestly lessened in a village or
+town where <i>Bate</i> could be distinguished from <i>Batkin</i>, and <i>Batkin</i> from
+<i>Batcock</i>. Hence, again, the common occurrence of such a component as
+<i>cock</i>. This diminutive is never seen in the seventeenth century; and yet
+we have many evidences of its use in the beginning of the sixteenth. The
+English Bible, with its tendency to require the full name as a matter of
+reverence, while it supplied new names in the place of the old ones that
+were accustomed to the desinence, caused this. It may be, too, that the
+new regulation of Cromwell in 1538, requiring the careful registration of
+all baptized children, caused parents to lay greater stress on the name as
+it was entered in the vestry-book.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>Any way, the sixteenth century saw the end of names terminating in &#8220;cock.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>c.</i>) <i>On or In.</i></p>
+
+<p>A dictionary instance is &#8220;violin,&#8221; that is, a little viol, a fiddle of
+four strings, instead of six. This diminutive, to judge from the Paris
+Directory, must have been enormously popular with our neighbours. Our
+connection with Normandy and France generally brought the fashion to the
+English Court, and in habits of this kind the English folk quickly copied
+their superiors. Terminations in <i>kin</i> and <i>cock</i> were confined to the
+lower orders first and last. Terminations in <i>on</i> or <i>in</i>, and <i>ot</i> or
+<i>et</i>, were the introduction of fashion, and being under patronage of the
+highest families in the land, naturally obtained a much wider popularity.</p>
+
+<p>Our formal registers, again, are of little assistance. Beton is coldly and
+orthodoxly Beatrice or Beatrix in the Hundred Rolls. Only here and there
+can we gather that Beatrice was never so called in work-a-day life. In
+&#8220;Piers Plowman&#8221; it is said&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;<i>Beton</i> the Brewestere<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bade him good morrow.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>And again, later on:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And bade Bette cut a bough,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And beat <i>Betoun</i> therewith.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>If Alice is Alice in the registrar&#8217;s hands, not so in homely Chaucer:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;This <i>Alison</i> answered: Who is there<br />
+That knocketh so? I warrant him a thefe.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Or take an old Yorkshire will:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Item: to Symkyn, and Watkyn, and Alison Meek, servandes of John of
+Bolton, to ilk one of yaim, 26<sup>s</sup>. 8<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Test. Ebor.&#8221; iii. 21.
+Surtees Society.</p></div>
+
+<p>Hugh, too, gets his name familiarly entered occasionally:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;<i>Hugyn</i> held of the said earl an oxgang of land, and paid yearly
+iii<sup>s</sup>. vi<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;The De Lacy Inquisition,&#8221; 1311.</p></div>
+
+<p>Huggins in our directories is the memorial of this. But in the north of
+England Hutchin was a more popular form. In the &#8220;Wappentagium de
+Strafford&#8221; occurs&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Willelmus Huchon, &amp; Matilda uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Also&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Elena Houchon-servant, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>that is, Ellen the servant of Houchon. Our Hutchinsons are all north of
+Trent folk. Thus, too, Peter (Pier) became Perrin:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;The wife of Peryn.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne,&#8221; Chetham Society,
+p. 87.</p></div>
+
+<p>Marion, from Mary, is the only familiar instance that has descended to us,
+and no doubt we owe this fact to Maid Marion, the May-lady. Many a Mary
+Ann, in these days of double baptismal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> names, perpetuates the impression
+that Marion or Marian was compounded of Mary and Ann.</p>
+
+<p>Of familiar occurrence were such names as <i>Perrin</i>, from Pierre, Peter;
+<i>Robin</i> and <i>Dobbin</i>, from Rob and Dob, Robert; <i>Colin</i>, from Col,
+Nicholas; <i>Diccon</i>, from Dick, Richard; <i>Huggin</i>, from Hugh; <i>Higgin</i>,
+from Hick or Higg, Isaac; <i>Figgin</i>, from Figg, Fulke;<a name='fna_9' id='fna_9' href='#f_9'><small>[9]</small></a> <i>Phippin</i>, from
+Phip and Philip; and <i>Gibbin</i>, or <i>Gibbon</i>, or <i>Gilpin</i>, from Gilbert.
+Every instance proves the debt our surnames have incurred by this
+practice.</p>
+
+<p>Several cases are obscured by time and bad pronunciation. Our Tippings
+should more rightly be Tippins, originally Tibbins, from Tibbe (Theobald);
+our Collinges and Collings, Collins; and our Gibbings, Gibbins. Our
+Jennings should be Jennins; <i>Jennin</i> Caervil was barber to the Earl of
+Suffolk in the French wars (&#8220;Wars of England in France,&#8221; Henry VI.).
+Robing had early taken the place of Robin:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Johanne Robyng-doghter, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>Such entries as Raoulin Meriel and Raoul Partrer (this Raoul was private
+secretary to Henry VI.) remind us of the former popularity of Ralph and of
+the origin of our surnames Rawlins and Rawlinson:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Dionisia Rawlyn-wyf, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here again, however, the &#8220;<i>in</i>&#8221; has become &#8220;<i>ing</i>,&#8221; for Rawlings is even
+more common than Rawlins. Deccon and Dickin have got mixed, and both are
+now Dickens, although Dicconson exists as distinct from Dickinson. Spenser
+knew the name well:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Diggon Davie, I bid her &#8216;good-day;&#8217;<br />
+Or Diggon her is, or I missay.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Matilda Dicon-wyf, webester, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>The London Directory contains Lamming and Laming. Alongside are Lampin,
+Lamin, and Lammin. These again are more correct, all being surnames formed
+from Lambin, a pet form of Lambert:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Willelmus Lambyn, et Alicia uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>Lambyn Clay played before Edward at Westminster at the great festival in
+1306 (Chappell&#8217;s &#8220;Popular Music of ye Olden Time,&#8221; i. 29). The French
+forms are Lambin, Lamblin, and Lamberton, all to be met with in the Paris
+Directory.</p>
+
+<p>All these names are relics of a custom that is obsolete in England, though
+not with our neighbours.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center">(<i>d.</i>) <i>Ot and Et.</i></p>
+
+<p>These are the terminations that ran first in favour for many generations.</p>
+
+<p>This diminutive <i>ot</i> or <i>et</i> is found in our language in such words as
+<i>poppet</i>, <i>jacket</i>, <i>lancet</i>, <i>ballot</i>, <i>gibbet</i>, <i>target</i>, <i>gigot</i>,
+<i>chariot</i>, <i>latchet</i>, <i>pocket</i>, <i>ballet</i>. In the same way a little page
+became a <i>paget</i>, and hence among our surnames Smallpage, Littlepage, and
+Paget.</p>
+
+<p>Coming to baptism, we find scarcely a single name of any pretensions to
+popularity that did not take to itself this desinence. The two favourite
+girl-names in Yorkshire previous to the Reformation were Matilda and Emma.
+Two of the commonest surnames there to-day are Emmott and Tillot, with
+such variations as Emmett and Tillett, Emmotson and Tillotson. The
+archbishop came from Yorkshire. <i>Tyllot</i> Thompson occurs under date 1414
+in the &#8220;Fabric Rolls of York Minster&#8221; (Surtees Society).</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Rome, April 27, Eugenius IV. (1433). Dispensation from Selow for
+Richard de Akerode and Emmotte de Greenwood to marry, they being
+related in the fourth degree.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Test. Ebor.,&#8221; iii. 317.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Licence to the Vicar of Bradford to marry Roger Prestwick and Emmote
+Crossley. Bannes thrice in one day&#8221; (1466).&mdash;&#8220;Test. Ebor.,&#8221; iii. 338.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>Isabella was also popular in Yorkshire: hence our Ibbots and Ibbotsons,
+our Ibbetts and Ibbetsons. Registrations such as &#8220;Ibbota filia Adam,&#8221; or
+&#8220;Robert filius Ibote,&#8221; are of frequent occurrence in the county archives.
+The &#8220;Wappentagium de Strafford&#8221; has:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Johanna Ibot-doghter, iiii<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Willelmus Kene, et Ibota uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Thomas Gaylyour, et Ebbot sa femme, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Cecilia became Sissot or Cissot:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Willelmus Crake, &amp; Cissot sa femme, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>In the &#8220;Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne&#8221; (Chetham Society), penned fortunately
+for our purpose in every-day style, we have such entries as&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Syssot, wife of Patrick.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Syssot, wife of Diccon Wilson.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Syssot, wife of Thomas the Cook.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Syssot, wife of Jak of Barsley.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Four wives named Cecilia in a community of some twenty-five families will
+be evidence enough of the popularity of that name. All, however, were
+known in every-day converse as Sissot.</p>
+
+<p>Of other girl-names we may mention Mabel, which from Mab became Mabbott;
+Douce became Dowcett and Dowsett; Gillian or Julian, from Gill or Jill
+(whence Jack and Jill), became Gillot, Juliet, and Jowett; Margaret became
+Margett<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> and Margott, and in the north Magot. Hence such entries from the
+Yorkshire parchments, already quoted, as&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Thomas de Balme, et Magota uxor ejus, chapman, iiii<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Hugo Farrowe, et Magota uxor ejus, smyth, iiii<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Johannes Magotson, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Custance became Cussot, from Cuss or Cust, the nick form. The Hundred
+Rolls contain a &#8220;Cussot Colling&#8221;&mdash;a rare place to find one of these
+diminutives, for they are set down with great clerkly formality.</p>
+
+<p>From Lettice, Lesot was obtained:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Johan Chapman, &amp; Lesot sa femme, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>And Dionisia was very popular as Diot:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Johannes Chetel, &amp; Diot uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Willelmus Wege, &amp; Diot uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>Of course, it became a surname:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Robertus Diot, &amp; Mariona uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Willelmus Diotson, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>It is curious to observe that Annot, which now as Annette represents Anne,
+in Richard II.&#8217;s day was extremely familiar as the diminutive of Annora or
+Alianora. So common was Annot in North England that the common sea-gull
+came to be so known. It is a mistake to suppose that Annot had any
+connection with Anna. One out of every eight or ten girls was Annot in
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>Yorkshire at a time when Anna is never found to be in use at all:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Stephanus Webester, &amp; Anota uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Richard Annotson, wryght, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>As Alianora and Eleanora are the same, so were Enot and Anot:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Henricus filius Johannis Enotson, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>Again, Eleanor became Elena, and this Lina and Linot. Hence in the Hundred
+Rolls we find &#8220;Linota atte Field.&#8221; In fact, the early forms of Eleanor are
+innumerable. The favourite Sibilla became Sibot:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Johannes de Estwode, et Sibota uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Willelmus Howeson, et Sibbota uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mary not merely became Marion, but Mariot, and from our surnames it would
+appear the latter was the favourite:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Isabella serviens Mariota Gulle, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Mariota in le Lane.&#8221;&mdash;Hundred Rolls.</p></div>
+
+<p>Eve became Evot, Adam and Eve being popular names. In the will of William
+de Kirkby, dated 1391, are bequests to &#8220;Ev&aelig; uxori Johannes Parvying&#8221; and
+&#8220;Willielmo de Rowlay,&#8221; and later on he refers to them again as the
+aforementioned &#8220;Evotam et dictum Willielmum Rowlay&#8221; (&#8220;Test. Ebor.,&#8221; i.
+145. Surtees Society).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>But the girl-name that made most mark was originally a boy&#8217;s name,
+Theobald. Tibbe was the nick form, and Tibbot the pet name. Very speedily
+it became the property of the female sex, such entries as Tibot Fitz-piers
+ending in favour of Tibota Foliot. After the year 1300 Tib, or Tibet, is
+invariably feminine. In &#8220;Gammer Gurton&#8217;s Needle,&#8221; Gammer says to her
+maid&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;How now, Tib? quick! let&#8217;s hear what news thou hast brought
+hither.&#8221;&mdash;Act. i. sc. 5.</p></div>
+
+<p>In &#8220;Ralph Roister Doister,&#8221; the pet name is used in the song, evidently
+older than the play:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">&#8220;Pipe, merry Annot, etc.,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Trilla, Trilla, Trillary.</span><br />
+Work, Tibet; work, Annot; work, Margery;<br />
+Sew, Tibet; knit, Annot; spin, Margery;<br />
+Let us see who will win the victory.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Gib, from Gilbert, and Tib became the common name for a male and female
+cat. Scarcely any other terms were employed from 1350 to 1550:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;For right no more than Gibbe, our cat,<br />
+That awaiteth mice and rattes to killen,<br />
+Ne entend I but to beguilen.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Hence both Tibet and Gibbet were also used for the same; as in the old
+phrase &#8220;flitter-gibbett,&#8221; for one of wanton character. Tom in tom-cat came
+into ordinary parlance later. All our modern Tibbots, Tibbetts, Tibbitts,
+Tippitts,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> Tebbutts, and their endless other forms, are descended from
+Tibbe.</p>
+
+<p>Coming to boys&#8217; names, all our Wyatts in the Directory hail from
+Guiot,<a name='fna_10' id='fna_10' href='#f_10'><small>[10]</small></a> the diminutive of Guy, just as Wilmot from William:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Adam, son of Wyot, held an oxgang of land.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;De Lacy Inquisition.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ibbote Wylymot, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Payn</i> is met in the form of Paynot and Paynet, <i>Warin</i> as Warinot, <i>Drew</i>
+as Drewet, <i>Philip</i> as Philpot, though this is feminine sometimes:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Johannes Schikyn, et Philipot uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Thomas</i> is found as Thomaset, <i>Higg</i> (Isaac) as Higgot, <i>Jack</i> as
+Jackett, <i>Hal</i> (Henry) as Hallet (Harriot or Harriet is now feminine), and
+Hugh or Hew as Hewet:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Dionisia Howet-doghter, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>The most interesting, perhaps, of these examples is Hamnet, or Hamlet.
+Hamon, or Hamond, was introduced from Normandy:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Hamme, son of Adcock, held 29 acres of land.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;De Lacy Inquisition,&#8221;
+1311.</p></div>
+
+<p>It became a favourite among high and low,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> and took to itself the forms of
+Hamonet and Hamelot:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;The wife of Richard, son of Hamelot.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;De Lacy Inquisition,&#8221; 1311.</p></div>
+
+<p>These were quickly abbreviated into Hamnet and Hamlet. They ran side by
+side for several centuries, and at last, like Emmot, defied the English
+Bible, the Reformation, and even the Puritan period, and lived unto the
+eighteenth century. Hamlet Winstanley, the painter, was born in 1700, at
+Warrington, and died in 1756. In Kent&#8217;s London Directory for 1736 several
+Hamnets occur as baptismal names. Shakespeare&#8217;s little son was Hamnet, or
+Hamlet, after his godfather Hamnet Sadler. I find several instances where
+both forms are entered as the name of the same boy:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Nov. 13, 1502. Item: the same day to Hamlet Clegge, for money by him
+layed out ... to the keper of Dachet Ferrey in rewarde for conveying
+the Quenes grace over Thamys there, iii<sup>s</sup>. iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Compare this with&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;June 13, 1502. Item: the same day to Hampnet Clegge, for mone by him
+delivered to the Quene for hir offring to Saint Edward at Westm.,
+vi<sup>s</sup>. viii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Privy Purse Expenses, Eliz. of York,&#8221; pp. 21 and 62.</p></div>
+
+<p>Speaking of Hamelot, we must not forget that <i>ot</i> and <i>et</i> sometimes
+became <i>elot</i> or <i>elet</i>. As a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> diminutive it is found in such dictionary
+words as bracelet, tartlet, gimblet, poplet (for poppet). The old ruff or
+high collar worn alike by men and women was styled a <i>partlet</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Jan. 1544. Item: from Mr. Braye ii. high collar partletts, iii<sup>s</sup>.
+ix<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Privy Purse Expenses, Princess Mary.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Hence partlet, a hen, on account of the ruffled feathers, a term used
+alike by Chaucer and Shakespeare.</p>
+
+<p>In our nomenclature we have but few traces of it. In France it was very
+commonly used. But Hughelot or Huelot, from Hugh, was popular, as our
+Hewletts can testify. Richelot for Richard, Hobelot and Robelot for
+Robert, Crestolot for Christopher, Cesselot for Cecilia, and Barbelot for
+Barbara, are found also, and prove that the desinence had made its mark.</p>
+
+<p>Returning, however, to <i>ot</i> and <i>et</i>: Eliot or Elliot, from Ellis (Elias),
+had a great run. In the north it is sometimes found as Aliot:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Alyott de Symondeston held half an oxgang of land, xix<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;De Lacy
+Inquisition,&#8221; 1311.</p></div>
+
+<p>The feminine form was Elisot or Elicot, although this was used also for
+boys. The will of William de Aldeburgh, written in 1319, runs&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Item: do et lego Elisot&aelig; domicell&aelig; me&aelig; 40<sup>s</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Test. Ebor.,&#8221; i.
+151.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>The will of Patrick de Barton, administered in the same year, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Item: lego Elisot&aelig;, uxori Ricardi Bustard unam vaccam, et
+10<sup>s</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Test. Ebor.,&#8221; i. 155.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Eliseus Carpenter, cartwyth, et Elesot uxor ejus, vi<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p>As Ellis became Ellisot, so Ellice became Ellicot, whence the present
+surname. Bartholomew became Bartelot, now Bartlett, and from the pet form
+Toll, or Tolly, came Tollett and Tollitt.</p>
+
+<p>It is curious to notice why Emmot and Hamlet, or Hamnet, survived the
+crises that overwhelmed the others. Both became baptismal names in their
+own right. People forgot in course of time that they were diminutives of
+Emma and Hamond, and separated them from their parents. This did not come
+about till the close of Elizabeth&#8217;s reign, so they have still the credit
+of having won a victory against terrible odds, the Hebrew army. Hamnet
+Shakespeare was so baptized. Hamon or Hamond would have been the regular
+form.</p>
+
+<p>Looking back, it is hard to realize that a custom equally affected by
+prince and peasant, as popular in country as town, as familiar in
+Yorkshire and Lancashire as in London and Winchester, should have been so
+completely uprooted, that ninety-nine out of the hundred are now unaware
+that it ever existed. This was unmistakably the result of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> some disturbing
+element of English social life. At the commencement of the sixteenth
+century there was no appearance of this confusion. In France the practice
+went on without let or hindrance. We can again but attribute it to the
+Reformation, and the English Bible, which swept away a large batch of the
+old names, and pronounced the new without addition or diminution. When
+some of the old names were restored, it was too late to fall back upon the
+familiarities that had been taken with them in the earlier period.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>e.</i>) <i>Double Terminatives.</i></p>
+
+<p>In spite of the enormous popularity in England of <i>ot</i> and <i>et</i>, they bear
+no proportion to the number in France. In England our <i>local</i> surnames are
+two-fifths of the whole. In France <i>patronymic</i> surnames are almost
+two-fifths of the whole. Terminatives in <i>on</i> or <i>in</i>, and <i>ot</i> and <i>et</i>,
+have done this. We in England only adopted double diminutives in two
+cases, those of <i>Colinet</i> and <i>Robinet</i>, or <i>Dobinet</i>, and both were
+rarely used. Robinet has come down to us as a surname; and Dobinet so
+existed till the middle of the fifteenth century, for one John Dobynette
+is mentioned in an inventory of goods, 1463 (Mun. Acad. Oxon.). This
+Dobinet seems to have been somewhat familiarly used,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> for Dobinet Doughty
+is Ralph&#8217;s servant in &#8220;Ralph Roister Doister.&#8221; Matthew Merrygreek says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I know where she is: Dobinet hath wrought some wile.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Tibet Talkapace.</i> He brought a ring and token, which he said was sent</span><br />
+From our dame&#8217;s husband.&#8221;&mdash;Act. iii. sc. 2.</p>
+
+<p>Colin is turned into Colinet in Spenser&#8217;s &#8220;Shepherd&#8217;s Calendar,&#8221; where
+Colin beseeches Pan:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Hearken awhile from thy green cabinet,<br />
+The laurel song of careful Colinet?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Jannet is found as Janniting (Jannetin) once on English soil, for in the
+&#8220;London Chanticleers,&#8221; a comedy written about 1636, Janniting is the
+apple-wench. <i>Welcome</i> says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Who are they which they&#8217;re enamoured so with?</p>
+
+<p><i>Bung.</i> The one&#8217;s Nancy Curds, and the other Hanna Jenniting: Ditty
+and Jenniting are agreed already ... the wedding will be kept at our
+house.&#8221;&mdash;Scene xiii.</p></div>
+
+<p>But the use of double diminutives was of every-day practice in Normandy
+and France, and increased their total greatly. I take at random the
+following <i>surnames</i> (originally, of course, christian names) from the
+Paris Directory:&mdash;Margotin, Marioton, Lambinet (Lambert), Perrinot,
+Perrotin, Philiponet, Jannotin, Hugonet, Huguenin, Jacquinot, and
+Fauconnet (English Fulke). Huguenin (little wee Hugh) repeats the same
+diminutive; Perrinot and Perrotin (little wee Peter) simply reverse the
+order of the two diminutives. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> &#8220;marionettes&#8221; in the puppet-show take
+the same liberty with Mariotin (little wee Mary) above mentioned. Hugonet,
+of course, is the same as Huguenot; and had English, not to say French,
+writers remembered this old custom, they would have found no difficulty in
+reducing the origin of the religious sect of that name to an <i>individual</i>
+as a starting-point. <i>Guillotin</i> (little wee William) belongs to the same
+class, and descended from a baptismal name to become the surname of the
+famous doctor who invented the deadly machine that bears his title. I have
+discovered one instance of this as a baptismal name, viz. Gillotyne
+Hansake (&#8220;Wars of English in France: Henry VI.,&#8221; vol. ii. p. 531).</p>
+
+<p>Returning to England, we find these pet forms in use well up to the
+Reformation:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Nov., 1543. Item: geven to Fylpot, my Lady of Suffolk&#8217;s lackaye,
+vii<sup>s</sup>. vi<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;June, 1537. Item: payed to Typkyn for cherys, xx<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Privy Purse
+Expenses, Princess Mary.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1548, July 22. Alson, d. of Jenkin Rowse.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1545, Oct. 3. Baptized Alison, d. of John James.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.<a name='fna_11' id='fna_11' href='#f_11'><small>[11]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>&#8220;Ralph Roister Doister,&#8221; written not earlier than 1545, and not later than
+1550, by Nicholas Udall, contains three characters styled Annot Alyface,
+Tibet Talkapace, and Dobinet Doughty. Christian Custance, Sim Suresby,
+Madge Mumblecheek, and Gawyn Goodluck are other characters, all well-known
+contemporary names.</p>
+
+<p>In &#8220;Thersites,&#8221; an interlude written in 1537, there is mention of</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;<i>Simkin</i> Sydnam, Sumnor,<br />
+That killed a cat at Cumnor.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><i>Jenkin</i> Jacon is introduced, also <i>Robin</i> Rover. In a book entitled
+&#8220;Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic&#8221; (Henry VIII.), we find a
+document (numbered 1939, and dated 1526) containing a list of the
+household attendants and retinue of the king. Even here, although so
+formal a record, there occurs the name of &#8220;Hamynet Harrington, gentleman
+usher.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>We may assert with the utmost certainty that, on the eve of the Hebrew
+invasion, there was not a baptismal name in England of average popularity
+that had not attached to it in <i>daily converse</i> one or other of these
+diminutives&mdash;<i>kin</i>, <i>cock</i>, <i>in</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>ot</i>, and <i>et</i>; not a name, too,
+that, before it had thus attached them, had not been shorn of all its
+fulness, and curtailed to a monosyllabic nick form.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> Bartholomew must
+first become Bat before it becomes Batcock, Peter must become Pierre
+before Perrot can be formed, Nicholas must be abbreviated to Col or Cole
+before Col or Cole can be styled Colin, and Thomas must be reduced to Tom
+before Tomkin can make his appearance.</p>
+
+<p>Several names had attached to themselves all these enclytics. For
+instance, Peter is met with, up to the crisis we are about to consider, in
+the several shapes of Perkin or Parkin, Peacock, Perrot, and Perrin; and
+William as Willin (now Willing and Willan in our directories), Wilcock,
+Wilkin, and Wilmot, was familiar to every district in the country.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">III. <span class="smcap">Scripture Names already in use at the Reformation.</span></p>
+
+<p>It now remains simply to consider the state of nomenclature in England at
+the eve of the Reformation in relation to the Bible. <i>Four</i> classes may be
+mentioned.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>a.</i>) <i>Mystery Names.</i></p>
+
+<p>The leading incidents of Bible narrative were familiarized to the English
+lower orders by the performance of sacred plays, or mysteries, rendered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>
+under the supervision of the Church. To these plays we owe the early
+popularity of Adam and Eve, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Sara,
+Daniel, Sampson, Susanna, Judith, Hanna or Anna, and Hester. But the
+Apocryphal names were not frequently used till about 1500. Scarcely any
+diminutives are found of them. On the other hand, Adam became Adcock and
+Adkin; Eve, Evott and Evett; Isaac, Hickin, and Higgin, and Higgot, and
+Higget; Joseph, Joskin; and Daniel, Dankin and Dannet.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>b.</i>) <i>Crusade Names.</i></p>
+
+<p>The Crusaders gave us several prominent names. To them we are indebted for
+<i>Baptist</i>, <i>Ellis</i>, and <i>Jordan</i>: and <i>John</i> received a great stimulus.
+The sacred water brought in the leathern bottle was used for baptismal
+purposes. The Jordan commemorated John the Baptist, the second Elias, the
+forerunner and baptizer of Jesus Christ. Children were styled by these
+incidents. <i>Jordan</i> became popular through Western Europe. In England he
+gave us, as already observed, Judd, Judkin, Judson, Jordan, and Jordanson.
+Elias, as Ellis, took about the eighth place of frequency, and John, for a
+while, the first.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center">(<i>c.</i>) <i>The Saints&#8217; Calendar.</i></p>
+
+<p>The legends of the saints were carefully taught by the priesthood, and the
+day as religiously observed. All children born on these holy days received
+the name of the saint commemorated: St. James&#8217;s Day, or St. Nicholas&#8217;s
+Day, or St. Thomas&#8217;s Day, saw a small batch of Jameses, Nicholases, and
+Thomases received into the fold of the Church. In other cases the gossip
+had some favourite saint, and placed the child under his or her
+protection. Of course, it bore the patron&#8217;s name. A large number of these
+hagiological names were extra-Biblical&mdash;such as Cecilia, Catharine, or
+Theobald. Of these I make no mention here. All the Apostles, save Judas,
+became household names, John, Simon, Peter, Bartholomew, Matthew, James,
+Thomas, and Philip being the favourites. Paul and Timothy were also
+utilized, the former being always found as Pol.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>d.</i>) <i>Festival Names.</i></p>
+
+<p>If a child was born at Whitsuntide or Easter, Christmas or Epiphany, like
+Robinson Crusoe&#8217;s man Friday, or Thursday October Christian of the
+Pitcairn islanders, he received the name of the day. Hence our once
+familiar names of Noel or Nowell, Pask or Pascal, Easter, Pentecost, and
+Epiphany or Tiffany.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>It will be observed that all these imply no direct or personal
+acquaintance with the Scriptures. All came through the Church. All, too,
+were in the full tide of prosperity&mdash;with the single exception of Jordan,
+which was nearly obsolete&mdash;when the Bible, printed into English and set up
+in our churches, became an institution. The immediate result was that the
+old Scripture names of Bartholomew, Peter, Philip, and Nicholas received a
+blow much deadlier than that received by such Teutonic names as Robert,
+Richard, Roger, and Ralph. But that will be brought out as we progress.</p>
+
+<p>The subject of the influence of an English Bible upon English nomenclature
+is not uninteresting. It may be said of the &#8220;Vulgar Tongue&#8221; Bible that it
+revolutionized our nomenclature within the space of forty years, or little
+over a generation. No such crisis, surely, ever visited a nation&#8217;s
+register before, nor can such possibly happen again. Every home felt the
+effect. It was like the massacre of the innocents in Egyptian days: &#8220;There
+was not one house where there was not one dead.&#8221; But in Pharoah&#8217;s day they
+did not replace the dead with the living. At the Reformation such a locust
+army of new names burst upon the land that we may well style it the Hebrew
+Invasion.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I.</h2>
+<p class="title">THE HEBREW INVASION.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;With what face can they object to the king the bringing in of
+forraigners, when themselves entertaine such an army of Hebrewes?&#8221;
+<i>The Character of a London Diurnall</i> (Dec. 1644).</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Albeit in our late Reformation some of good consideration have
+brought in Zachary, Malachy, Josias, etc., as better agreeing with our
+faith, but without contempt of Country names (as I hope) which have
+both good and gracious significations, as shall appeare
+hereafter.&#8221;&mdash;<span class="smcap">Camden</span>, <i>Remaines</i>. 1614.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">I. <i>The March of the Army.</i></p>
+
+<p>The strongest impress of the English Reformation to-day is to be seen in
+our font-names. The majority date from 1560, the year when the Genevan
+Bible was published. This version ran through unnumbered editions, and for
+sixty, if not seventy, years was the household Bible of the nation. The
+Genevan Bible was not only written in the vulgar tongue, but was printed
+for vulgar hands. A moderate quarto was its size; all preceding versions,
+such as Coverdale&#8217;s, Matthew&#8217;s,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> and of course the Great Bible, being the
+ponderous folio, specimens of which the reader will at some time or other
+have seen. The Genevan Bible, too, was the Puritan&#8217;s Bible, and was none
+the less admired by him on account of its Calvinistic annotations.</p>
+
+<p>But although the rage for Bible names dates from the decade 1560-1570,
+which decade marks the rise of Puritanism, there had been symptoms of the
+coming revolution as early as 1543. Richard Hilles, one of the Reformers,
+despatching a letter from Strasburg, November 15, 1543, writes:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;My wife says she has no doubt but that God helped her the sooner in
+her confinement by reason of your good prayers. On the second of this
+month she brought forth to the Church of Christ a son, who, as the
+women say, is quite large enough for a mother of tall stature, and
+whom I immediately named <i>Gershom</i>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Original Letters,&#8221; 1537-1558,
+No. cxii. Parker Society.</p></div>
+
+<p>We take up our Bibles, and find that of Zipporah it is said&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;And she bare him (Moses) a son, and he called his name Gershom: for
+he said, <i>I have been a stranger in a strange land</i>.&#8221;&mdash;Exod. ii. 22.</p></div>
+
+<p>The margin says, &#8220;a desolate stranger.&#8221; At this time Moses was fled from
+Pharaoh, who would kill him. The parallel to Richard Hilles&#8217;s mind was
+complete. This was in 1643.<a name='fna_12' id='fna_12' href='#f_12'><small>[12]</small></a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>In Mr. Tennyson&#8217;s drama &#8220;Mary,&#8221; we have the following scene between
+Gardiner and a yokel:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8220;<i>Gardiner.</i><span style="margin-left: 5em;">I distrust thee,</span></span><br />
+There is a half voice, and a lean assent:<br />
+What is thy name?<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Man.</i><span style="margin-left: 4em;">Sanders!</span></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Gardiner.</i><span style="margin-left: 6em;">What else?</span></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Man.</i><span style="margin-left: 12em;">Zerrubabel.&#8221;</span></span></p>
+
+<p>The Laureate was right to select for this rebellious Protestant a name
+that was to be popular throughout Elizabeth&#8217;s reign; but poetic license
+runs rather far in giving this title to a <i>full-grown man</i> in any year of
+Mary&#8217;s rule. Sanders might have had a young child at home so styled, but
+for himself it was practically impossible. So<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> clearly defined is the
+epoch that saw, if not one batch of names go out, at least a new batch
+come in. Equally marked are the names from the Bible which at this date
+were in use, and those which were not. Of this latter category Zerrubabel
+was one.</p>
+
+<p>In the single quotation from Hilles&#8217;s letter of 1543 we see the origin of
+the great Hebrew invasion explained. The English Bible had become a fact,
+and the knowledge of its personages and narratives was becoming <i>directly</i>
+acquired. In every community up and down the country it was as if a fresh
+spring of clear water had been found, and every neighbour could come with
+jug or pail, and fill it when and how they would. One of the first
+impressions made seems to have been this: children in the olden time
+received as a name a term that was immediately significant of the
+circumstances of their birth. Often God personally, through His prophets
+or angelic messenger, acted as godparent indeed, and gave the name, as in
+Isaiah viii. 1, 3, 4:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Moreover the Lord said unto me, Take thee a great roll, and write in
+it with a man&#8217;s pen concerning Maher-shalal-hash-baz.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And I went unto the prophetess; and she conceived, and bare a son.
+Then said the Lord to me, Call his name Maher-shalal-hash-baz.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;For before the child shall have knowledge to cry, My father, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>and my
+mother, the riches of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria shall be taken
+away before the king of Assyria.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Here was a name palpably significant. Even before they knew its exact
+meaning the name was enrolled in English church registers, and by-and-by
+zealot Puritans employed it as applicable to English Church politics.</p>
+
+<p>All the patriarchs, down to the twelve sons of Jacob, had names of direct
+significance given them. Above all, a peculiar emphasis was laid upon all
+the titles of Jesus Christ, as in Isaiah vii. 14:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his
+name Immanuel.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>At the same time that this new revelation came, a crisis was going on of
+religion. The old Romish Church was being uprooted, or, rather, a new
+system was being grafted upon its stock, for the links have never been
+broken. The saints were shortly to be tabooed by the large mass of English
+folk; the festivals were already at a discount. Simultaneously with the
+prejudice against the very names of their saints and saintly festivals,
+arose the discovery of a mine of new names as novel as it was
+unexhaustible. They not merely met the new religious instinct, but
+supplied what would have been a very serious vacuum.</p>
+
+<p>But we must at once draw a line between the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> Reformation and Puritanism.
+Previous to the Reformation, so far as the Church was concerned, there had
+been to a certain extent a <i>system</i> of nomenclature. The Reformation
+abrogated that system, but did not intentionally adopt a new one.
+Puritanism deliberately supplied a well-weighed and revised scheme, beyond
+which no adopted child of God must dare to trespass. Previous to the
+Reformation, the priest, with the assent of the gossip, gave the babe the
+name of the saint who was to be its patron, or on whose day the birth or
+baptism occurred. If the saint was a male, and the infant a female, the
+difficulty was overcome by giving the name a feminine form. Thus Theobald
+become Theobalda; and hence Tib and Tibot became so common among girls,
+that finally they ceased to represent boys at all. If it were one of the
+great holy days, the day or season itself furnished the name. Thus it was
+Simon, or Nicholas, or Cecilia, or Austen, or Pentecost, or Ursula, or
+Dorothy, became so familiar. From the reign of Elizabeth the clergy, and
+Englishmen generally, gave up this practice. Saints who could not boast
+apostolic honours were rejected, and holy men of lesser prestige, together
+with a large batch of virgins and martyrs of the Agnes, Catharine, and
+Ursula type,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> who belonged to Church history, received but scant
+attention. As a matter of course their names lapsed. But the nation stood
+by the old English names not thus popishly tainted. Against Geoffrey,
+Richard, Robert, and William, they had no prejudice: nay, they clung to
+them. The Puritan rejected both classes. He was ever trotting out his two
+big &#8220;P&#8217;s,&#8221;&mdash;Pagan and Popish. Under the first he placed every name that
+could not be found in the Scriptures, and under the latter every title in
+the same Scriptures, and the Church system founded on them, that had been
+employed previous, say, to the coronation day of Edward VI. Of this there
+is the clearest proof. In a &#8220;Directory of Church Government,&#8221; found among
+the papers of Cartwright, and written as early as 1565, there is the
+following order regarding and regulating baptism:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;They which present unto baptism, ought to be persuaded not to give
+those that are baptized the names of God, or of Christ, or of angels,
+or of holy offices, as of baptist, evangelist, etc., nor such as
+savour of paganism or popery: but chiefly such whereof there are
+examples, in the Holy Scriptures, in the names of those who are
+reported in them to have been godly and virtuous.&#8221;&mdash;Neale, vol. v.
+Appendix, p. 15.</p></div>
+
+<p>Nothing can be more precise than this. To the strict Puritan to reject the
+Richards, Mileses, and Henrys of the Teutonic, and the Bartholomews,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
+Simons, Peters, and Nicholases of the ecclesiastic class, was to remove
+the Canaanite out of the land.</p>
+
+<p>How early this &#8220;article of religion&#8221; was obeyed, one or two quotations
+will show. Take the first four baptismal entries in the Canterbury
+Cathedral register:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1564, Dec. 3. Abdias, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1567, April 26. Barnabas, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1569, June 1. Ezeckiell, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1572, Feb. 10. Posthumus, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Another son seems to have been Philemon:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1623, April 27. John, the sonne of Philemon Pownoll.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>A daughter &#8220;Repentance&#8221; must be added:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1583, Dec. 8. Married William Arnolde and Repentance Pownoll.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Take another instance, a little later, from the baptisms of St. Peter&#8217;s,
+Cornhill:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1589, Nov. 2. Bezaleell, sonne of Michaell Nichollson, cordwayner.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1599, Sep. 23. Aholiab, sonne of Michaell Nicholson, cordwainer.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1595, May 18. Sara, daughter of Michaell Nichollson, cobler.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1599, Nov. 1. Buried Rebecca, daughter of Michaell Nicholson,
+cordwainer, 13 yeares.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Rebecca, therefore, would be baptized in 1586. Sara and Aholiab died of
+the plague in 1603. Both old Robert Pownoll and the cobler must have been
+Puritans of a pronounced type.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>The Presbyterian clergy were careful to set an example of right
+name-giving:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1613, July 28. Baptized Jaell, daughter of Roger Mainwaring,
+preacher.&#8221;&mdash;St. Helen, Bishopsgate.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1617, Jan. 25. Baptized Ezekyell, sonne of Mr. Richard Culverwell,
+minister.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1582, &mdash;&mdash;. Buried Zachary, sonne of Thomas Newton,
+minister.&#8221;&mdash;Barking, Essex.</p></div>
+
+<p>A still more interesting proof comes from Northampton. As an example of
+bigotry it is truly marvellous. On July 16, 1590, Archbishop Whitgift
+furnished the Lord Treasurer with the following, amongst many articles
+against Edmond Snape, curate of St. Peter&#8217;s, in that town:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Item: Christopher Hodgekinson obteyned a promise of the said Snape
+that he would baptize his child; but Snape added, saying, &#8216;You must
+then give it a christian name allowed in the Scriptures.&#8217; Then
+Hodgekinson told him that his wife&#8217;s father, whose name was Richard,
+desired to have the giving of that name.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>At the time of service Snape proceeded till they came to the place of
+naming: they said &#8220;Richard;&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;But hearing them calling it Richard, and that they would not give it
+any other name, he stayed there, and would not in any case baptize the
+child. And so it was carried away thence, and was baptized the week
+following at Allhallows Churche, and called Richard.&#8221;&mdash;Strype&#8217;s
+&#8220;Whitgift,&#8221; ii. 9.</p></div>
+
+<p>This may be an extreme case, but I doubt not the majority of the
+Presbyterian clergy did their best to uproot the old English names, so far
+as their power of persuasion could go.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>Even the pulpit was used in behalf of the new doctrine. William Jenkin,
+the afterwards ejected minister, in his &#8220;Expositions of Jude,&#8221; delivered
+in Christ Church, London, said, while commenting on the first verse, &#8220;Our
+baptismal names ought to be such as may prove remembrances of duty.&#8221; He
+then instances Leah, Alpheus, and Hannah as aware of parental obligations
+in this respect, and adds&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;&#8217;Tis good to impose such names as expresse our baptismal promise. A
+good name is as a thread tyed about the finger, to make us mindful of
+the errand we came into the world to do for our Master.&#8221;&mdash;Edition
+1652, p. 7.</p></div>
+
+<p>As a general rule, the New Testament names spread the most rapidly,
+especially girl-names of the Priscilla, Dorcas, Tabitha, and Martha type.
+They were the property of the Reformation. Damaris bothered the clerks
+much, and is found indifferently as Tamaris, Damris, Dammeris, Dampris,
+and Dameris. By James I.&#8217;s day it had become a fashionable name:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1617, April 13. Christened Damaris, d. of Doctor Masters.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;&mdash;&mdash;, May 29. Christened Damaris, d. of Doctor Kingsley.&#8221;&mdash;Canterbury
+Cathedral.</p></div>
+
+<p>Martha, which sprang into instant popularity, is registered at the outset:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1563, July 25. Christened Martha Wattam.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>Phebe had a great run. The first I have seen is&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1568, Oct. 24. Christened Phebe, d. of Harry Cut.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter,
+Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Dorcas was, perhaps, the prime favourite, often styled and entered Darcas.
+Every register has it, and every page. A political ballad says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Come, Dorcas and Cloe,<br />
+With Lois and Zoe,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Young Lettice, and Beterice, and Jane;</span><br />
+Phill, Dorothy, Maud,<br />
+Come troop it abroad,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For now is our time to reign.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>Persis, Tryphena, and Tryphosa were also largely used. The earliest Persis
+I know is&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1579, Maye 3. Christened Persis, d. of William Hopkinson, minister
+heare.&#8221;&mdash;Salehurst.</p></div>
+
+<p>Some of these names&mdash;as, for instance, Priscilla, Damaris, Dorcas, and
+Phebe&mdash;stood in James&#8217;s reign almost at the head of girls&#8217; names in
+England. Indeed, alike in London and the provinces, the list of girl-names
+at Elizabeth&#8217;s death was a perfect contrast to that when she ascended the
+throne. Then the great national names of Isabella, Matilda, Emma, and
+Cecilia ruled supreme. Then the four heroines Anna, Judith, Susan, and
+Hester, one or two of whom were in the Apocryphal narrative, had stamped
+themselves on our registers in what appeared indelible lines, although
+they were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> of much more recent popularity than the others. They lost
+prestige, but did not die out. Many Puritans had a sneaking fondness for
+them, finding in their histories a parallel to their own troubles, and
+perchance they had a private and more godly rendering of the popular
+ballad of their day:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;In Ninivie old Toby dwelt,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An aged man, and blind was he:</span><br />
+And much affliction he had felt,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Which brought him unto poverty:</span><br />
+He had by Anna, his true wife,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">One only sonne, and eke no more.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>Esther<a name='fna_13' id='fna_13' href='#f_13'><small>[13]</small></a> is still popular in our villages, so is Susan. Hannah has her
+admirers, and only Judith may be said to be forgotten. But their glory was
+from 1450 to 1550. After that they became secondary personages. Throughout
+the south of England, especially in the counties that surrounded London,
+the Bible had been ransacked from nook to corner. The zealots early dived
+into the innermost recesses of Scripture. They made themselves as familiar
+with chapters devoted solely to genealogical tables, as to those which
+they quoted to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> defend their doctrinal creed. The eighth chapter of Romans
+was not more studied by them than the thirty-sixth of Genesis, and the
+dukes of Edom classified in the one were laid under frequent contribution
+to witness to the adoption treated of in the other. Thus names unheard of
+in 1558 were &#8220;household words&#8221; in 1603.</p>
+
+<p>The slowest to take up the new custom were the northern counties. They
+were out of the current; and Lancashire, besides being inaccessible, had
+stuck to the old faith. Names lingered on in the Palatinate that had been
+dead nearly a hundred years in the south. Gawin figures in all northern
+registers till a century ago, and Thurston<a name='fna_14' id='fna_14' href='#f_14'><small>[14]</small></a> was yet popular in the
+Fylde district, when it had become forgotten in the Fens. Scotland was
+never touched at all. The General Assembly of 1645 makes no hint on the
+subject, although it dwelt on nearly every other topic. Nothing
+demonstrates the clannish feeling of North Britain as this does. At this
+moment Scotland has scarcely any Bible names.</p>
+
+<p>In Yorkshire, however, Puritanism made early stand, though its effects on
+nomenclature were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> not immediately visible. It was like the fire that
+smoulders among the underwood before it catches flame; it spreads the more
+rapidly afterwards. The Genevan Bible crept into the dales and farmsteads,
+and their own primitive life seemed to be but reflected in its pages. The
+patriarchs lived as graziers, and so did they. There was a good deal about
+sheep and kine in its chapters, and their own lives were spent among the
+milk-pails and wool shears. The women of the Old Testament baked cakes,
+and knew what good butter was. So did the dales&#8217; folk. By slow degrees
+Cecilia, Isabella, and Emma lapsed from their pedestal, and the little
+babes were turned into Sarahs, Rebeccas, and Deborahs. As the seventeenth
+century progressed the state of things became still more changed. There
+had been villages in Sussex and Kent previous to Elizabeth&#8217;s death, where
+the Presbyterian rector, by his personal influence at the time of baptism,
+had turned the new generation into a Hebrew colony. The same thing
+occurred in Yorkshire only half a century later. As nonconformity gained
+ground, Guy, and Miles, and Peter, and Philip became forgotten. The lads
+were no sooner ushered into existence than they were transformed into
+duplicates of Joel, and Amos, and Obediah.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> The measles still ran through
+the family, but it was Phineas and Caleb, not Robert and Roger, that
+underwent the infliction. Chosen leaders of Israel passed through the
+critical stages of teething. As for the twelve sons of Jacob, they could
+all have answered to their names in the dames&#8217; schools, through their
+little apple-cheeked representatives, who lined the rude benches. On the
+village green, every prophet from Isaiah to Malachi might be seen of an
+evening playing leap-frog: unless, indeed, Zephaniah was stealing apples
+in the garth.</p>
+
+<p>From Yorkshire, about the close of the seventeenth century, the rage for
+Scripture names passed into Lancashire. Nonconformity was making progress;
+the new industries were already turning villages into small centres of
+population, and the Church of England not providing for the increase,
+chapels were built. If we look over the pages of the directories of West
+Yorkshire and East Lancashire, and strike out the surnames, we could
+imagine we were consulting anciently inscribed registers of Joppa or
+Jericho. It would seem as if Canaan and the West Riding had got
+inextricably mixed.</p>
+
+<p>What a spectacle meets our eye! Within the limits of ten leaves we have
+three Pharoahs, while<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> as many Hephzibahs are to be found on one single
+page. Adah and Zillah Pickles, sisters, are milliners. Jehoiada Rhodes
+makes saws&mdash;not Solomon&#8217;s sort&mdash;and Hariph Crawshaw keeps a farm. Vashni,
+from somewhere in the Chronicles, is rescued from oblivion by Vashni
+Wilkinson, coal merchant, who very likely goes to Barzillai Williamson, on
+the same page, for his joints, Barzillai being a butcher. Jachin, known to
+but a few as situated in the Book of Kings, is in the person of Jachin
+Firth, a beer retailer, familiar to all his neighbours. Heber Holdsworth
+on one page is faced by Er Illingworth on the other. Asa and Joab are
+extremely popular, while Abner, Adna, Ashael, Erastus, Eunice, Benaiah,
+Aquila, Elihu, and Philemon enjoy a fair amount of patronage. Shadrach,
+Meshach, and Abednego, having been rescued from Chald&aelig;an fire, have been
+deluged with baptismal water. How curious it is to contemplate such
+entries as Lemuel Wilson, Kelita Wilkinson, Shelah Haggas, Shadrach
+Newbold, Neriah Pearce, Jeduthan Jempson, Azariah Griffiths, Naphtali
+Matson, Philemon Jakes, Hameth Fell, Eleph Bisat, Malachi Ford, or Shallum
+Richardson. As to other parts of the Scriptures, I have lighted upon name
+after name that I did not know existed in the Bible at all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> till I looked
+into the Lancashire and Yorkshire directories.</p>
+
+<p>The Bible has decided the nomenclature of the north of England. In towns
+like Oldham, Bolton, Ashton, and Blackburn, the clergyman&#8217;s baptismal
+register is but a record of Bible names. A clerical friend of mine
+christened twins Cain and Abel, only the other day, much against his own
+wishes. Another parson on the Derbyshire border was gravely informed, at
+the proper moment, that the name of baptism was Ramoth-Gilead. &#8220;Boy or
+girl, eh?&#8221; he asked in a somewhat agitated voice. The parents had opened
+the Bible hap-hazard, according to the village tradition, and selected the
+first name the eye fell on. It was but a year ago a little child was
+christened Tellno in a town within six miles of Manchester, at the
+suggestion of a cotton-spinner, the father, a workman of the name of Lees,
+having asked his advice. &#8220;I suppose it must be a Scripture name,&#8221; said his
+master. &#8220;Oh yes! that&#8217;s of course.&#8221; &#8220;Suppose you choose <i>Tellno</i>,&#8221; said
+his employer. &#8220;That&#8217;ll do,&#8221; replied the other, who had never heard it
+before, and liked it the better on that account. The child is now Tell-no
+Lees, the father, too late, finding that he had been hoaxed.<a name='fna_15' id='fna_15' href='#f_15'><small>[15]</small></a> &#8220;<i>Sirs</i>,&#8221;
+was the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> answer given to a bewildered curate, after the usual demand to
+name the child. He objected, but was informed that it was a Scripture
+name, and the verse &#8220;Sirs, what must I do to be saved?&#8221; was triumphantly
+appealed to. This reminds one of the Puritan who styled his dog
+&#8220;<i>Moreover</i>&#8221; after the dog in the Gospel: &#8220;<i>Moreover</i> the dog came and
+licked his sores.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>There is, again, a story of a clergyman making the customary demand as to
+name from a knot of women round the font. &#8220;Ax her,&#8221; said one. Turning to
+the woman who appeared to be indicated, he again asked, &#8220;What name?&#8221; &#8220;Ax
+her,&#8221; she replied. The third woman, being questioned, gave the same reply.
+At last he discovered the name to be the Scriptural Achsah, Caleb&#8217;s
+daughter&mdash;a name, by the way, which was somewhat popular with our
+forefathers. No wonder this mistake arose, when Achsah used to be entered
+in some such manner as this:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1743-4, Jan. 3. Baptized Axar Starrs (a woman of ripe years), of
+Stockport.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1743-4, Jan. 3. Married Warren Davenport, of Stockport, Esq., and
+Axar Starrs, aforesaid, spinster.&#8221;&mdash;Marple, Cheshire.</p></div>
+
+<p>Axar&#8217;s father was Caleb Starrs. The scriptural relationship was thus
+preserved. Achsah crossed the Atlantic with the Pilgrim Fathers, and has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>
+prospered there ever since. It is still popular in Devonshire and the
+south-west of England. All these stories serve to show the quarry whence
+modern names are hewn.</p>
+
+<p>I have mentioned the north because I have studied its Post-Office
+Directories carefully. But if any one will visit the shires of Dorset, and
+Devon, and Hampshire, he will find the same result. The Hebrew has won the
+day. Just as in England, north of Trent, we can still measure off the
+ravages of the Dane by striking a line through all local names lying
+westward ending in &#8220;by,&#8221; so we have but to count up the baptismal names of
+the peasantry of these southern counties to see that they have become the
+bondsmen of an Eastern despot. In fact, go where and when we will from the
+reign of Elizabeth, we find the same influence at work. Take a few places
+and people at random.</p>
+
+<p>Looking at our testamentary records, we find the will of Kerenhappuch
+Benett proved in 1762, while Kerenhappuch Horrocks figures in the
+Manchester Directory for 1877. Onesiphorus Luffe appears on a halfpenny
+token of 1666; Habakkuk Leyman, 1650; Euodias Inman, 1650; Melchisedek
+Fritter, 1650; Elnathan Brock, 1654; and Abdiah Martin, 1664 (&#8220;Tokens of
+Seventeenth Century&#8221;). Shallum Stent was married in 1681<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> (Racton,
+Sussex); Gershom Baylie was constable of Lewes in 1619, Araunah Verrall
+fulfilling the same office in 1784. Captain Epenetus Crosse presented a
+petition to Privy Council in 1660 (C. S. P. Colonial); Erastus Johnson was
+defendant in 1724, and Cressens Boote twenty years earlier. Barjonah Dove
+was Vicar of Croxton in 1694. Tryphena Monger was buried in Putney
+Churchyard in 1702, and Tryphosa Saunders at St. Peter&#8217;s, Worcester, in
+1770. Mahaliel Payne, Azarias Phesant, and Pelatiah Barnard are recorded
+in State Papers, 1650-1663 (C. S. P.), and Aminadab Henley was dwelling in
+Kent in 1640 (&#8220;Proceedings in Kent.&#8221; Camden Society). Shadrack Pride is a
+collector of hearth-money in 1699, and Gamaliel Chase is communicated with
+in 1635 (C. S. P.). Onesiphorus Albin proposes a better plan of collecting
+the alien duty in 1692 (C. S. P.), while Mordecai Abbott is appointed
+deputy-paymaster of the forces in 1697 (C. S. P.). Eliakim Palmer is
+married at Somerset House Chapel in 1740; Dalilah White is buried at
+Cowley in 1791, and Keziah Simmons is christened there in 1850. Selah
+Collins is baptized at Dyrham, Gloucestershire, in 1752, and Keturah Jones
+is interred at Clifton in 1778. Eli-lama-Sabachthani Pressnail was
+existing in 1862 (<i>Notes and Queries</i>), and the <i>Times</i> recorded a
+Talitha-Cumi<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> People about the same time. The will of Mahershalalhashbaz
+Christmas was proved not very long ago. Mrs. Mahershalalhashbaz Bradford
+was dwelling in Ringwood, Hampshire, in 1863; and on January 31, 1802, the
+register of Beccles Church received the entry, &#8220;Mahershalalhashbaz, son of
+Henry and Sarah Clarke, baptized,&#8221; the same being followed, October 14,
+1804, by the baptismal entry of &#8220;Zaphnaphpaaneah,&#8221; another son of the same
+couple. A grant of administration in the estate of Acts-Apostles Pegden
+was made in 1865. His four brothers, older than himself, were of course
+the four Evangelists, and had there been a sixth I dare say his name would
+have been &#8220;Romans.&#8221; An older member of this family, many years one of the
+kennel-keepers of Tickham fox-hounds, was Pontius Pilate Pegden. At a
+confirmation at Faversham in 1847, the incumbent of Dunkirk presented to
+the amazed archbishop a boy named &#8220;Acts-Apostles.&#8221; These are, of course,
+mere eccentricities, but eccentricities follow a beaten path, and have
+their use in calculations of the nature we are considering. Eccentricities
+in dress are proverbially but exaggerations of the prevailing fashion.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center">II. POPULARITY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT.</p>
+
+<p>The affection felt by the Puritans for the Old Testament has been observed
+by all writers upon the period, and of the period. Cleveland&#8217;s remark,
+quoted by Hume, is, of course, an exaggeration.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Cromwell,&#8221; he says, &#8220;hath beat up his drums cleane through the Old
+Testament&mdash;you may learne the genealogy of our Saviour by the names in
+his regiment. The muster-master uses no other list than the first
+chapter of Matthew.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Lord Macaulay puts it much more faithfully in his first chapter, speaking,
+too, of an earlier period than the Commonwealth:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;In such a history (<i>i.e.</i> Old Testament) it was not difficult for
+fierce and gloomy spirits to find much that might be distorted to suit
+their wishes. The extreme Puritans, therefore, began to feel for the
+Old Testament a preference which, perhaps, they did not distinctly
+avow even to themselves, but which showed itself in all their
+sentiments and habits. They paid to the Hebrew language a respect
+which they refused to that tongue in which the discourses of Jesus and
+the Epistles of Paul have come down to us. They baptized their
+children by the names, not of Christian saints, but of Hebrew
+patriarchs and warriors.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The Presbyterian clergy had another objection to the New Testament names.
+The possessors were all saints, and in the saints&#8217; calendar. The apostolic
+title was as a red rag to his blood-shot eye.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Upon Saint Peter, Paul, John, Jude, and James,<br />
+They will not put the &#8216;saint&#8217; unto their names,&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>says the Water-poet in execrable verse. Its <i>local</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> use was still more
+trying, as no man could pass through a single quarter of London without
+seeing half a dozen churches, or lanes, or taverns dedicated to Saint
+somebody or other.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Others to make all things recant<br />
+The christian and surname of saint,<br />
+Would force all churches, streets, and towns<br />
+The holy title to renounce.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>To avoid any saintly taint, the Puritan avoided the saints themselves.</p>
+
+<p>But the discontented party in the Church had, as Macaulay says, a decided
+hankering after the Old Testament on other grounds than this. They paid
+the Hebrew language an almost superstitious reverence.<a name='fna_16' id='fna_16' href='#f_16'><small>[16]</small></a> Ananias, the
+deacon, in the &#8220;Alchemist,&#8221; published in 1610, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Heathen Greek, I take it.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Subtle.</i><span style="margin-left: 7em;">How! heathen Greek?</span></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Ananias.</i> All&#8217;s heathen but the Hebrew.&#8221;<a name='fna_17' id='fna_17' href='#f_17'><small>[17]</small></a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>Bishop Corbet, in his &#8220;Distracted Puritan,&#8221; has a lance to point at the
+same weakness:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;In the holy tongue of Canaan<br />
+I placed my chiefest pleasure,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Till I pricked my foot</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">With an Hebrew root,</span><br />
+That I bled beyond all measure.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In the &#8220;City Match,&#8221; written by Mayne in 1639, Bannsright says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 8em;">&#8220;Mistress Dorcas,</span><br />
+If you&#8217;ll be usher to that holy, learned woman,<br />
+That can heal broken shins, scald heads, and th&#8217; itch,<br />
+Your schoolmistress: that can expound, and teaches<br />
+To knit in Chaldee, and work Hebrew samplers,<br />
+I&#8217;ll help you back again.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The Puritan was ever nicknamed after some Old Testament worthy. I could
+quote many instances, but let two from the author of the &#8220;London Diurnall&#8221;
+suffice. Addressing Prince Rupert, he says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Let the zeal-twanging nose, that wants a ridge,<br />
+Snuffling devoutly, drop his silver bridge:<br />
+Yes, and the gossip&#8217;s spoon augment the summe,<br />
+Altho&#8217; poor <i>Caleb</i> lose his christendome.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>More racy is his attack on Pembroke, as a member of the Mixed Assembly:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Forbeare, good Pembroke, be not over-daring:<br />
+Such company may chance to spoil thy swearing;<br />
+And these drum-major oaths of bulk unruly<br />
+May dwindle to a feeble &#8216;by my truly.&#8217;<br />
+He that the noble Percy&#8217;s blood inherits,<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>Will he strike up a Hotspur of the spirits?<br />
+He&#8217;ll fright the <i>Obediahs</i> out of tune,<br />
+With his uncircumcis-ed Algernoon:<br />
+A name so stubborne, &#8217;tis not to be scanned<br />
+By him in Gath with the six fingered hand.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>If a Bible quotation was put into the zealot&#8217;s mouth, his cynical foe took
+care that it should come from the older Scriptures. In George Chapman&#8217;s
+&#8220;An Humorous Day&#8217;s Work,&#8221; after Lemot has suggested a &#8220;full test of
+experiment&#8221; to prove her virtue, Florilla the Puritan cries&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;O husband, this is perfect trial indeed.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>To which the gruff Labervele replies&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;And you will try all this now, will you not?</p>
+
+<p><i>Florilla.</i> Yes, my good head: for it is written, we must pass to
+perfection through all temptation: Abacuk the fourth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Labervele.</i> Abacuk! cuck me no cucks: in a-doors, I say: thieves,
+Puritans, murderers! in a-doors, I say!&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>In the same facetious strain, Taylor, the Water-poet, addresses a child
+thus:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;To learne thy duty reade no more than this:<br />
+Paul&#8217;s nineteenth chapter unto Genesis.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>This certainly tallies with the charge in &#8220;Hudibras,&#8221; that they</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Corrupted the Old Testament<br />
+To serve the New as precedent.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>This affection for the older Scriptures had its effect upon our
+nomenclature. No book, no story, especially if gloomy in its outline and
+melancholy in its issues, escaped the more morbid Puritan&#8217;s<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> notice. Every
+minister of the Lord&#8217;s vengeance, every stern witness against natural
+abomination, the prophet that prophesied ill&mdash;these were the names that
+were in favour. And he that was least bitter in his maledictions was most
+at a discount. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were in every-day request,
+Shadrach and Abednego being the favourites. Mordecai, too, was daily
+commemorated; while Jeremiah attained a popularity, as Jeremy, he can
+never altogether lose. &#8220;Lamentations&#8221; was so melancholy, that it must
+needs be personified, don a Puritanical habit, and stand at the font as
+godfather&mdash;I mean witness&mdash;to some wretched infant who had done nothing to
+merit such a fate. &#8220;Lamentations Chapman&#8221; appeared as defendant in a suit
+in Chancery about 1590. The exact date is not to be found, but the case
+was tried towards the close of Elizabeth&#8217;s reign (&#8220;Chancery Suits,
+Elizabeth&#8221;).</p>
+
+<p>It is really hard to say why names of melancholy import became so common.
+Perhaps it was a spirit morbidly brooding on the religious oppressions of
+the times; perhaps it was bile. Any way, Camden says &#8220;Dust&#8221; and &#8220;Ashes&#8221;
+were names in use in the days of Elizabeth and James. These, no doubt,
+were translations of the Hebrew &#8220;Aphrah&#8221; into the &#8220;vulgar tongue,&#8221; the
+name having become<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> exceedingly common. Micah, in one of the most mournful
+prophecies of the Old Testament, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah
+roll thyself in the dust.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Literally: &#8220;in the house of dust roll thyself in the dust.&#8221; The name was
+quickly seized upon:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Sept., 1599. Baptized Affray, d. of Richard Manne of
+Lymehus.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;May 15, 1576. Wedding of William Brickhead and Affera Lawrence.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter&#8217;s, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>This last entry proves how early the name had arisen. In Kent it had
+become very common. The registers of Canterbury Cathedral teem with it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1601, June 5. Christened Afra, the daughter of William Warriner.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1614, Oct. 30. Christened Aphora, the daughter of Mr. Merrewether.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1635, July 20. Robert Fuller maryed Apherie Pitt.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>In these instances we see at a glance the origin of the licentious Aphra
+Behn&#8217;s name, which looks so like a <i>nom-de-plume</i>, and has puzzled many.
+She was born at Canterbury, with the surname of Johnson, baptized Aphra,
+and married a Dutch merchant named Behn. When acting as a Government spy
+at Antwerp in 1666, she signs a letter &#8220;Aphara Behn&#8221; (C. S. P.), which is
+nearer the Biblical form than many others. It is just possible her father
+might have rolled himself several times in the dust had he lived to read
+some of his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> daughter&#8217;s writings. Their tone is not Puritanic. The name
+has become obsolete; indeed, it scarcely survived the seventeenth century,
+dying out within a hundred years of its rise. But it was very popular in
+its day.</p>
+
+<p>Rachel, in her dying pains, had styled, under deep depression, her babe
+Benoni (&#8220;son of my sorrow&#8221;); but his father turned it into the more
+cheerful Benjamin (&#8220;son of the right hand&#8221;). Of course, Puritanism sided
+with the mother, and the Benonis flourished at a ratio of six to one over
+the Benjamins:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1607. Christened Benony, sonne of Beniamyn Ruthin,
+mariner.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1661, Dec. 20. Christened Margrett, d. of Bennoni Wallington,
+goldsmith.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1637, May 6. Order to transmit Benoni Bucke to England from
+Virginia.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. S. P. Colonial.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1656, March 25. Petition of Benoni Honeywood.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. S. P. Colonial.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>I don&#8217;t think, however, all these mothers died in childbed. It would speak
+badly for the chirurgic skill of the seventeenth century if they did. It
+was the Church of Christ that was in travail.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ichabod</i> was equally common. There was something hard and unrelenting in
+Jael (already mentioned) that naturally suited the temper of every
+fanatic:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1613, July 28. Christened Jaell, d. of Roger Manwaryng,
+preacher.&#8221;&mdash;St. Helen, Bishopsgate.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>Mehetabell had something in it, probably its length, that made it popular
+among the Puritan faction. It lasted well, too:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1680, March 24. Married Philip Penn and Mehittabela Hilder.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1693, May 21. Baptized Mehetabell, d. of Jeremiah Hart,
+apothecary.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>But while Deborah, an especial pet of the fanatics, Sara, Rebecca, Rachel,
+Zipporah, and Leah were in high favour as Old Testament heroines, none had
+such a run as Abigail:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1573, Oct. Abigoll Cumberford, christened.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1617, Oct. 15. Christened Abbigale, d. of John Webb, shoemaker.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1635, Jan. 19. Married Jarrett Birkhead and Abigaile
+Whitehead.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;May 30, 1721. Married Robert Elles and Abigail Six.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>Few Scripture names made themselves so popular as this. At the conclusion
+of the sixteenth century it was beginning its career, and by Queen Anne&#8217;s
+day had reached its zenith. When the Cavalier was drinking at the
+alehouse, he would waggishly chant through his nose, with eye upturned&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Come, sisters, and sing<br />
+An hymne to our king,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who sitteth on high degree.</span><br />
+The men at Whitehall,<br />
+And the wicked, shall fall,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And hey, then, up go we!</span><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span>&#8216;A match,&#8217; quoth my sister Joice,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;Contented,&#8217; quoth Rachel, too;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quoth Abigaile, &#8216;Yea,&#8217; and Faith, &#8216;Verily,&#8217;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Charity, &#8216;Let it be so.&#8217;&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>A curious error has been propagated by writers who ought to have known
+better. It is customarily asserted that abigail, as a cant term for a
+waiting-maid, only arose after Abigail Hill, the Duchess of Marlborough&#8217;s
+cousin, became waiting-woman to the queen, and supplanted her kinswoman.
+Certainly we find both Swift and Fielding using the term after this event.
+But there is good reason for believing that the sobriquet is as old as
+Charles I.&#8217;s reign. Indeed, there can be no reasonable doubt but that we
+owe the term to the enormous popularity of Beaumont&#8217;s comedy, &#8220;The
+Scornful Ladie,&#8221; written about 1613, and played in 1616. The chief part
+falls to the lot of &#8220;Abigal, a waiting-gentlewoman,&#8221; as the <i>dramatis
+person&aelig;</i> styles her, the playwright associating the name and employment
+after the scriptural narrative. But Beaumont knew his Bible well.</p>
+
+<p>That Abigail at once became a cant term is proved by &#8220;The Parson&#8217;s
+Wedding,&#8221; written by Killigrew some time between 1645 and 1650. Wanton
+addresses the Parson:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Was she deaf to your report?<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Parson.</i> Yes, yes.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Wanton.</i> And Ugly, her abigail, she had her say, too?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Parson.</i> Yes, yes.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>That this sentence would never have been written but for Beaumont&#8217;s play,
+there can be no reasonable doubt. It was performed so late as 1783. In
+1673, after yearly performances, it was published as a droll, and entitled
+&#8220;The False Heir.&#8221; In 1742 it appears again under the title of &#8220;The Feigned
+Shipwreck.&#8221; Samuel Pepys, in his Diary, records his visits to the
+playhouse to see &#8220;The Scornful Lady&#8221; at least four times, viz. 1661, 1662,
+1665, and 1667. Writing December 27, 1665, he says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;By coach to the King&#8217;s Playhouse, and there saw &#8216;The Scornful Lady&#8217;
+well acted: Doll Common doing Abigail most excellently.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Abigail passed out of favour about the middle of the last century, but
+Mrs. Masham&#8217;s artifices had little to do with it. The comedy had done its
+work, and Abigail coming into use, like Malkin two centuries before, as
+the cant term for a kitchen drab, or common serving wench, as is
+sufficiently proved by the literature of the day, the name lost caste with
+all classes, and was compelled to bid adieu to public favour.</p>
+
+<p>This affection for the Old Testament has never died out among the
+Nonconformists. The large batch of names I have already quoted from modern
+directories is almost wholly from the earlier Testament. Wherever Dissent
+is strong,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> there will be found a large proportion of these names. Amongst
+the passengers who went out to New England in James and Charles&#8217;s reigns
+will be found such names as Ebed-meleck Gastrell, Oziell Lane, Ephraim
+Howe, Ezechell Clement, Jeremy Clement, Zachary Cripps, Noah Fletcher,
+Enoch Gould, Zebulon Cunninghame, Seth Smith, Peleg Bucke, Gercyon Bucke
+(Gershom), Rachell Saunders, Lea Saunders, Calebb Carr, Jonathan Franklin,
+Boaz Sharpe, Esau del a Ware, Pharaoh Flinton, Othniell Haggat, Mordecay
+Knight, Obediah Hawes, Gamaliell Ellis, Esaias Raughton, Azarias Pinney,
+Elisha Mallowes, Malachi Mallock, Jonadab Illett, Joshua Long, Enecha
+Fitch (seemingly a feminine of Enoch), and Job Perridge. Occasionally an
+Epenetus Olney, or Nathaniell Patient, or Epaphroditus Haughton, or
+Cornelius Conway, or Feleaman Dickerson (Philemon), or Theophilus Lucas,
+or Annanias Mann is met with; but these are few, and were evidently
+selected for their size, the temptation to poach on apostolic preserves
+being too great when such big game was to be obtained. Besides, they were
+not in the calendar! These names went to Virginia, and they are not
+forgotten.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center">III. <span class="smcap">Objectionable Scripture Names.</span></p>
+
+<p>Camden says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;In times of Christianity, the names of most holy and vertuous
+persons, and of their most worthy progenitors, were given to stirre up
+men to the imitation of them, whose names they bare. But succeeding
+ages, little regarding St. Chrysostome&#8217;s admonition to the contrary,
+have recalled prophane names, so as now Diana, Cassandra, Hyppolitus,
+Venus, Lais, names of unhappy disastre, are as rife somewhere, as ever
+they were in Paganisme.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Remaines,&#8221; p. 43.</p></div>
+
+<p>The most cursory survey of our registers proves this. Captain Hercules
+Huncks and Ensign Neptune Howard fought under the Earl of Northumberland
+in 1640 (Peacock&#8217;s &#8220;Army List of Roundheads and Cavaliers&#8221;). Both were
+Royalists.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1643, Feb. 6. Buried Paris, son of William and Margaret Lee.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Michael, Spurriergate, York.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1670, March 13. Baptized Cassandra, d. of James Smyth.&#8221;&mdash;Banbury.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1679, July 2. Buried Cassandra, ye wife of Edward Williams.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Michael, Barbados, (Hotten).</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1631, May 26. Married John Cotton and Venus<a name='fna_18' id='fna_18' href='#f_18'><small>[18]</small></a> Levat.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter,
+Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Cartwright, the great Puritan, attacked these names in 1575, as &#8220;savouring
+of paganism&#8221; (Neal, v. p. xv. Appendix). It was a pity he did not include
+some names in the list of his <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>co-religionists, for surely Tamar and Dinah
+were just as objectionable as Venus or Lais. The doctrine of a fallen
+nature could be upheld, and the blessed state of self-abasement
+maintained, without a daily reminder in the shape of a Bible name of evil
+repute. Bishop Corbett brought it as a distinct charge against the
+Puritans, that they loved to select the most unsavoury stories of Old
+Testament history for their converse. In the &#8220;Maypole&#8221; he makes a zealot
+minister say&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;To challenge liberty and recreation,<br />
+Let it be done in holy contemplation.<br />
+Brothers and sisters in the fields may walk,<br />
+Beginning of the Holy Word to talk:<br />
+Of David and Uria&#8217;s lovely wife,<br />
+Of Tamar and her lustful brother&#8217;s strife.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>One thing is certain, these names became popular:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1610, March. Baptized Bathsheba, d. of John Hamond, of
+Ratcliffe.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1672, Feb. 23. Buried Bathsheba, wife of Richard Brinley,
+hosier.&#8221;&mdash;St. Denis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>The alternate form of Bath-shua (1 Chron. iii. 5) was used, although the
+clerks did not always know how to spell it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1609, July 1. Baptized Bathshira and Tabitha, daughters of Sir
+Antonie Dering, Knight.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1609, July 5. Buried Bathshira and Tabitha, ds. of Sir Antonie
+Dering, Knight, being twines.&#8221;&mdash;Pluckley, Kent.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1601, Jan. Baptized Thamar, d. of Henry Reynold.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1691, Nov. 20. Baptized Tamar, d. of Francis and Tamar Lee.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span>&#8220;1698, April 10. Buried Tamar, wife of Richard Robinson, of
+Fell-foot.&#8221;&mdash;Cartmel.</p></div>
+
+<p>As for Dinah, she became a great favourite from her first introduction;
+every register contains her name before Elizabeth&#8217;s death:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1585, Aug. 15. Christening of Dina, d. of John Lister, barbor.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1591, Aug. 21. Buried Mrs. Dina Walthall, a vertuous yong woman, 30
+years.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Crossing the Atlantic with the Pilgrim Fathers, she settled down at length
+as the typical negress; yet Puritan writers admitted that when she &#8220;went
+out to see the daughters of the land,&#8221; she meant to be seen of the sons
+also!</p>
+
+<p>Taylor, the Water-poet, seems to imply that Goliath was registered at
+baptism by the Puritan:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Quoth he, &#8216;what might the child baptized be?<br />
+Was it a male She, or a female He?&#8217;&mdash;<br />
+&#8216;I know not what, but &#8217;tis a Son,&#8217; she said.&mdash;<br />
+&#8216;Nay then,&#8217; quoth he, &#8216;a wager may be laid<br />
+It had some Scripture name.&#8217;&mdash;&#8216;Yes, so it had,&#8217;<br />
+Said she: &#8216;but my weak memory&#8217;s so bad,<br />
+I have forgot it: &#8217;twas a godly name,<br />
+Tho&#8217; out of my remembrance be the same:<br />
+&#8217;Twas one of the small prophets verily:<br />
+&#8217;Twas not Esaias, nor yet Jeremy,<br />
+Ezekiel, Daniel, nor good Obadiah,<br />
+Ah, now I do remember, &#8217;twas Goliah!&#8217;&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Pharaoh occurs, and went out to Virginia, where it has ever since
+remained. It is, as already shown, familiar enough in Yorkshire.</p>
+
+<p>Of New Testament names, whose associations are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> of evil repute, we may
+mention Ananias, Sapphira, and Antipas. Ananias had become so closely
+connected with Puritanism, that not only did Dryden poke fun at the
+relationship in the &#8220;Alchemist,&#8221; but <i>Ananias Dulman</i> became the cant term
+for a long-winded zealot preacher. So says Neal.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1603, Sep. 12. Buried Ananias, sonne of George Warren, 17
+years.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1621, Sep. Baptized Ananias, son of Ananias Jarratt,
+glassmaker.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Sapphira</i> occurs in Bunhill Fields:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Here lyeth the body of Mrs. Sapphira Lightmaker, wife of Mr. Edward
+Lightmaker, of Broadhurst, in Sussex, gent. She died in the Lorde,
+Dec. 20, 1704, aged 81 years.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>She was therefore born in 1633. Her brother (they were brought up
+Presbyterians) was Robert Leighton, who died Archbishop of Glasgow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Drusilla</i>, again, was objectionable, but perchance her character was less
+historically known then:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1622. Baptized Drusilla, d. of Thomas Davis.&#8221;&mdash;Ludlow.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Antipas</i>, curiously enough, was almost popular, although a murderer and
+an adulterer:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1633, Feb. 28. Baptized Antipas, sonne of Robert Barnes, of
+Shadwell.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1662. Petition of Antipas Charrington.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Cal. St. P. Dom.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1650. Antipas Swinnerton, Tedbury, wollman.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Tokens of Seventeenth
+Century.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>Dr. Increase Mather, the eminent Puritan, in his work entitled &#8220;Remarkable
+Providences,&#8221; published at Boston, U.S.A., in 1684, has a story of an
+interposition in behalf of his friend Antipas Newman.</p>
+
+<p>Of other instances, somewhat later, <i>Sehon</i> Stace, who lived in Warding in
+1707 (&#8220;Suss. Arch. Coll.,&#8221; xii. 254), commemorates the King of the
+Amorites, <i>Milcom</i> Groat (&#8220;Cal. St. P.,&#8221; 1660) representing on English
+soil &#8220;the abomination of the children of Ammon.&#8221; Dr. Pusey and Mr.
+Spurgeon might be excused a little astonishment at such a conversion by
+baptism.</p>
+
+<p><i>Barrabas</i> cannot be considered a happy choice:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Buried, 1713, Oct. 18, Barabas, sonne of Barabas
+Bowen.&#8221;&mdash;All-Hallows, Barking.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Maskell draws attention to the name in his history of that church.
+There is something so emphatic about &#8220;now Barrabas was a robber,&#8221; that
+thoughts of theft seem proper to the very name. We should have locked up
+the spoons, we feel sure, had father or son called upon us. The father who
+called his son &#8220;Judas-not-Iscariot&#8221; scarcely cleared the name of its evil
+associations, nor would it quite meet the difficulty suggested by the
+remark in &#8220;Tristram Shandy:&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>&#8220;Your Billy, sir&mdash;would you for the world have called him Judas?...
+Would you, sir, if a Jew of a godfather had proposed the name of your
+child, and offered you his purse along with it&mdash;would you have
+consented to such a desecration of him?&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>We have all heard the story of Beelzebub. If the child had been
+inadvertently so baptized, a remedy might have been found in former days
+by changing the name at confirmation. Until 1552, the bishop confirmed by
+name. Archbishop Peccham laid down a rule:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;The minister shall take care not to permit wanton names, which being
+pronounced do sound to lasciviousness, to be given to children
+baptized, especially of the female sex: and if otherwise it be done,
+the same shall be changed by the bishop at confirmation.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>That this law had been carelessly followed after the Reformation is clear,
+else Venus Levat, already quoted, would not have been married in 1631
+under that name. Certainly Dinah and Tamar come under the ban of this
+injunction.</p>
+
+<p>Curiously enough, the change of name was sanctioned in the case of
+orthodox names, for Lord Coke says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his
+confirmation by the Bishop, he is named John, his name of confirmation
+shall stand.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>He then quotes the case of Sir Francis Gawdie, Chief Justice of the Court
+of Common Pleas, whose name by baptism was Thomas, Thomas being changed to
+Francis at confirmation. He<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> holds that Francis shall stand (&#8220;Institutes,&#8221;
+1. iii.). This practice manifestly arose out of Peccham&#8217;s rule, but it is
+strange that wanton instances should be left unchanged, and the orthodox
+allowed to be altered.</p>
+
+<p>Arising out of the Puritan error of permitting names like Tamar and Dinah
+to stand, modern eccentricity has gone very far, and it would be
+satisfactory to see many names in use at present forbidden. I need not
+quote the Venuses of our directories. Emanuel is of an opposite character,
+and should be considered blasphemy. We have not adopted Christ yet, as Dr.
+Doran reminded us they have done in Germany, but my copy of the London
+Directory shows at least one German, bearing the baptismal name of Christ,
+at present dwelling in the metropolis. Puritan eccentricity is a trifle to
+this.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">IV. <span class="smcap">Losses.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">(<i>a.</i>) <i>The Destruction of Pet Forms.</i></p>
+
+<p>But let us now notice some of the more disastrous effects of the great
+Hebrew invasion. The most important were the partial destruction of the
+nick forms, and the suppression of diminutives. The English pet names
+disappeared, never more to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> return. Desinences in &#8220;cock,&#8221; &#8220;kin,&#8221; &#8220;elot,&#8221;
+&#8220;ot,&#8221; &#8220;et,&#8221; &#8220;in,&#8221; and &#8220;on,&#8221; are no more found in current literature, nor
+in the clerk&#8217;s register. Why should this be so? An important reason
+strikes us at once. The ecclesiastic names on which the enclytics had
+grown had become unpopular well-nigh throughout England. It was an
+English, not a Puritan prejudice. With the suppression of the names proper
+went the desinences attached to them. The tree being felled, the parasite
+decayed. Another reason was this: the names introduced from the Scriptures
+did not seem to compound comfortably with these terminatives. The Hebrew
+name would first have to be turned into a nick form before the diminutive
+was appended. The English peasantry had added &#8220;<i>in</i>,&#8221; &#8220;<i>ot</i>,&#8221; &#8220;<i>kin</i>,&#8221; and
+&#8220;<i>cock</i>&#8221; only to the <i>nickname</i>, never to the baptismal form. It was
+Wat-kin, not Walterkin; Bat-kin, not Bartholomewkin; Wilcock, not
+Williamcock; Colin, not Nicholas-in; Philpot, not Philipot. But the
+popular feeling for a century was against turning the new Scripture names
+into curt nick forms. As it would have been an absurdity to have appended
+diminutives to sesquipedalian names, national wit, rather than deliberate
+plan, prevented it. If it was irreverent, too, to curtail Scripture names,
+it was equally irreverent to give<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> them the diminutive dress. To prove the
+absolute truth of my statement, I have only to remind the reader that,
+saving &#8220;Nat-kin,&#8221; not one single Bible name introduced by the Reformation
+and the English Bible has become conjoined with a diminutive.<a name='fna_19' id='fna_19' href='#f_19'><small>[19]</small></a></p>
+
+<p>The immediate consequence was this; the diminutive forms became obsolete.
+Emmott lingered on till the end of the seventeenth century; nay, got into
+the eighteenth:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Emmit, d. of Edward and Ann Buck, died 24 April, 1726, aged 6
+years.&#8221;&mdash;Hawling, Gloucester.</p></div>
+
+<p>But it was only where it was not known as a form of Emma, and possibly
+both might exist in the same household. I have already furnished instances
+of Hamlet. Here is another:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;The Rev. Hamlet Marshall, D.D., died in the Close, Lincoln, in 1652.
+With him dwelt his nephew, Hamlet Joyce. He bequeaths legacies in his
+will to Hamlet Pickerin and Hamlet Duncalf, and his executor was his
+son, Hamlet Marshall.&#8221;&mdash;<i>Notes and Queries</i>, February 14, 1880.</p></div>
+
+<p>It lasted till the eighteenth century. But nobody knew by that time that
+it was a pet name of Hamon, or Hamond; nay, few knew that the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span> surname of
+Hammond had ever been a baptismal name at all:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1620, Jan. 3. Buried Hamlet Rigby, Mr. Askew&#8217;s man.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter,
+Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1620. Petition of Hamond Franklin.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Cal. S. P. Dom.,&#8221; 1619-1623.</p></div>
+
+<p>It is curious to notice that Mr. Hovenden, in his &#8220;Canterbury Register,&#8221;
+published 1878, for the Harleian Society, has the following entries:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1627, Aprill 3. Christened Ham&#8217;on, the sonn of Richard Struggle.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1634. Jan. 18. Christened Damaris, daughter of Mr. Ham&#8217;on Leucknor.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Turning to the index, the editor has styled them <i>Hamilton</i> Struggle and
+<i>Hamilton</i> Leucknor. Ham&#8217;on, of course, is Hammon, or Hammond. I may add
+that some ecclesiastic, a critic of my book on &#8220;English Surnames,&#8221; in the
+<i>Guardian</i>, rebuked me for supposing that Emmot could be from Emma, and
+calmly put it down as a form of Aymot! What can prove the effect of the
+Reformation on old English names as do such incidents as these?</p>
+
+<p>An English monarch styled his favourite Peter Gaveston as &#8220;Piers,&#8221; a form
+that was sufficiently familiar to readers of history; but when an
+antiquary, some few years ago, found this same Gaveston described as
+&#8220;Perot,&#8221; it became a difficulty to not a few. The Perrots or Parratts of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span>
+our London Directory might have told them of the old-fashioned diminutive
+that had been knocked on the head with a Hebrew Bible.</p>
+
+<p>Collet, from Nicholas, used as a feminine name, died out also. The last
+instance I know of is&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1629, Jan. 15. Married Thomas Woollard and Collatt Hargrave.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Colin, the other pet form, having got into our pastoral poetry, lingered
+longer, and may be said to be still alive:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1728. Married Colin Foster and Beulah Digby.&#8221;&mdash;Somerset House Chapel.</p></div>
+
+<p>The last Wilmot I have discovered is a certain Wilmote Adams, a defendant
+in a Chancery suit at the end of Elizabeth&#8217;s reign (&#8220;Chancery Suits:
+Elizabeth&#8221;), and the last Philpot is dated 1575:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1575, Aug. 26. Christened Philpott, a chylde that was laide at Mr
+Alderman Osberne&#8217;s gatt.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>All the others perished by the time James I. was king. Guy, or Wyatt,
+succumbed entirely, and the same may be said of the rest. Did we require
+further confirmation of this, I need only inquire: Would any Yorkshireman
+now, as he reads over shop-fronts in towns like Leeds or Bradford, or in
+the secluded villages of Wensleydale or Swaledale, the surnames of Tillot
+and Tillotson, Emmett and Emmotson, Ibbott, Ibbet, Ibbs, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> Ibbotson,
+know that, twenty years before the introduction of our English Bible,
+these were not merely the familiar pet names of Matilda, Emma, and
+Isabella, but that as a trio they stood absolutely first in the scale of
+frequency? Nay, they comprised more than forty-five per cent. of the
+female population.</p>
+
+<p>The last registered Ibbot or Issot I have seen is in the Chancery suits at
+the close of Queen Bess&#8217;s reign, wherein Ibote Babyngton and Izott Barne
+figure in some legal squabbles (&#8220;Chancery Suits: Elizabeth,&#8221; vol. ii.). As
+for Sissot, or Drewet, or Doucet, or Fawcett, or Hewet, or Philcock, or
+Jeffcock, or Batkin, or Phippin, or Lambin, or Perrin, they have passed
+away&mdash;their place knoweth them no more. What a remarkable revolution is
+this, and so speedy!</p>
+
+<p>Failing our registers, the question may arise whether or not in familiar
+converse the old pet forms were still used. Our ballads and plays preserve
+many of the nick forms, but scarcely a pet form is to be seen later than
+1590. In 1550 Nicholas Udall wrote &#8220;Ralph Roister Doister,&#8221; in the very
+commencement of which Matthew Merrygreek &#8220;says or sings&#8221;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Sometime Lewis Loiterer biddeth me come near:<br />
+Somewhiles <i>Watkin</i> Waster maketh us good cheer.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span>Amongst the <i>dramatis person&aelig;</i> are <i>Dobinet</i> Doughty, Sim Suresby, Madge
+Mumblecrust, <i>Tibet</i> Talkapace, and <i>Annot</i> Aliface. A few years later
+came &#8220;Gammer Gurton&#8217;s Needle.&#8221; Both <i>Diccon</i> and Hodge figure in it: two
+rustics of the most bucolic type. Hodge, after relating how Gib the cat
+had licked the milk-pan clean, adds&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Gog&#8217;s souls, <i>Diccon</i>, Gib our cat had eat the bacon too.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Immediately after this, again, in 1568 was printed &#8220;Like will to Like.&#8221;
+The chief characters are Tom Tosspot, <i>Hankin</i> Hangman, Pierce Pickpurse,
+and Nichol Newfangle. Wat Waghalter is also introduced. But here may be
+said to end this homely and contemporary class of play-names. &#8217;Tis true,
+in Beaumont and Fletcher&#8217;s &#8220;Beggar&#8217;s Bush,&#8221; Higgen (<i>Higgin</i>) is one of
+the &#8220;three knavish beggars,&#8221; but the scene is laid in Flanders.</p>
+
+<p>Judging by our songs and comedies, the diminutive forms went down with
+terrible rapidity, and were practically obsolete before Elizabeth&#8217;s death.
+But this result was more the work of the Reformation at large than
+Puritanism.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>b.</i>) <i>The Decrease of Nick Forms.</i></p>
+
+<p>This was not all. The nick forms saw themselves reduced to straits. The
+new godly names,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> I have said, were not to be turned into irreverent cant
+terms. From the earliest day of the Reformation every man who gave his
+child a Bible name stuck to it unaltered. Ebenezer at baptism was Ebenezer
+among the turnips, Ebenezer with the milk-pail, and Ebenezer in courtship;
+while Deborah, who did not become Deb till Charles I.&#8217;s reign, would
+Ebenezer him till the last day she had done scolding him, and put
+&#8220;Ebenezer&#8221; carefully on his grave, to prove how happily they had lived
+together!</p>
+
+<p>As for the zealot who gradually forged his way to the front, he gave his
+brother and sister in the Lord the full benefit of his or her title,
+whether it was five syllables or seven. There can be no doubt that these
+Hebrew names did not readily adapt themselves to ordinary converse with
+the world. Melchisedek and Ebedmelech were all right elbowing their way
+into the conventicle, but Melchisedek dispensing half-pounds of butter
+over the counter, or Ebedmelech carrying milk-pails from door to door,
+gave people a kind of shock. These grand assumptions suggested knavery.
+One feels certain that our great-grandmothers had a suspicion of tallow in
+the butter, and Jupiter Pluvius in the pail.</p>
+
+<p>Nor did these excavated names harmonize with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> the surnames to which they
+were yoked. Adoniram was quaint enough without Byfield, but both (as
+Butler, in &#8220;Hudibras,&#8221; knew) suggested something slightly ludicrous. Byron
+took a mean advantage of this when he attacked poor Cottle, the bookseller
+and would-be writer:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;O Amos Cottle! Ph&oelig;bus! what a name<br />
+To fill the speaking trump of future fame!<br />
+O Amos Cottle! for a moment think<br />
+What meagre profits spring from pen and ink.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Amos is odd, but Amos united to Cottle makes a smile irresistible.</p>
+
+<p>Who does not agree with Wilkes, who, when speaking to Johnson of Dryden&#8217;s
+would-be rival, the city poet, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Elkanah Settle sounds so queer, who can expect much from that name?
+We should have no hesitation to give it for John Dryden, in preference
+to Elkanah Settle, from the names only, without knowing their
+different merits&#8221;?</p></div>
+
+<p>And Sterne, as the elder Disraeli reminds us, in one of his multitudinous
+digressions from the life of &#8220;Tristram Shandy,&#8221; makes the progenitor of
+that young gentleman turn absolutely melancholy, as he conjures up a
+vision of all the men who</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;might have done exceeding well in the world, had not their characters
+and spirits been totally depressed, and Nicodemas&#8217;d into nothing.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Even Oliver Goldsmith cannot resist styling the knavish seller of green
+spectacles by a conjunction<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> of Hebrew and English titles as Ephraim
+Jenkinson; and his servant, who acts the part of a Job Trotter (another
+Old Testament worthy, again) to his master, is, of course, Abraham!</p>
+
+<p>But, oddly as such combinations strike upon the modern tympanum, what must
+not the effect have been in a day when a nickname was popular according as
+it was curt? How would men rub their eyes in sheer amazement, when such
+conjunctions as Ebedmelech Gastrell, or Epaphroditus Haughton, or
+Onesiphorus Dixey, were introduced to their notice, pronounced with all
+sesquipedalian fulness, following upon the very heels of a long epoch of
+traditional one-syllabled Ralphs, Hodges, Hicks, Wats, Phips, Bates, and
+Balls (Baldwin). Conceive the amazement at such registrations as these:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1599, Sep. 23. Christened Aholiab, sonne of Michaell Nicolson,
+cordwainer.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1569, June 1. Christened Ezekiell, sonne of Robert Pownall.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1582, April 1. Christened Melchisadeck, sonne of Melchizadeck Bennet,
+poulter.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1590, Dec. 20. Christened Abacucke, sonne of John Tailer.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1595, Nov. Christened Zabulon, sonne of John Griffin.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1603, Sep. 15. Buried Melchesideck King.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1645, July 19. Buried Edward, sonne of Mephibosheth Robins.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1660, Nov. 5. Buried Jehostiaphat (<i>sic</i>) Star.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span>&#8220;1611, Oct. 21. Baptized Zipporah, d. of Richard Beere, of
+Wapping.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p></div>
+
+<p>The &#8220;Chancery Suits&#8221; of Elizabeth contain a large batch of such names; and
+I have already enumerated a list of &#8220;Pilgrim Fathers&#8221; of James&#8217;s reign,
+whose baptisms would be recorded in the previous century.</p>
+
+<p>But compare this with the fact that the leading men in England at this
+very time were recognized only by the curtest of abbreviated names. In
+that very quaint poem of Heywood&#8217;s, &#8220;The Hierarchie of Blessed Angels,&#8221;
+the author actually makes it the ground of an affected remonstrance:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Marlowe, renowned for his rare art and wit,<br />
+Could ne&#8217;er attain beyond the name of <i>Kit</i>,<br />
+Although his <i>Hero and Leander</i> did<br />
+Merit addition rather. Famous Kid<br />
+Was called but <i>Tom</i>. <i>Tom</i> Watson, though he wrote<br />
+Able to make Apollo&#8217;s self to dote<br />
+Upon his muse, for all that he could strive,<br />
+Yet never could to his full name arrive.<br />
+<i>Tom</i> Nash, in his time of no small esteem,<br />
+Could not a second syllable redeem.<br />
+<span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><span class="spacer">&#183;</span><br />
+Mellifluous Shakespeare, whose enchanting quill<br />
+Commanded mirth or passion, was but <i>Will</i>:<br />
+And famous Jonson, though his learned pen<br />
+Be dipped in Castaly, is still but <i>Ben</i>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>However, in the end, he attributes the familiarity to the right cause:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 9em;">&#8220;I, for my part,</span><br />
+Think others what they please, accept that heart<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span>That courts my love in most familiar phrase;<br />
+And that it takes not from my pains or praise,<br />
+If any one to me so bluntly come:<br />
+I hold he loves me best that calls me <i>Tom</i>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>It is Sir Christopher, the curate, who, in &#8220;The Ordinary,&#8221; rebels against
+&#8220;Kit:&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8220;<i>Andrew.</i> What may I call your name, most reverend sir?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Bagshot.</i> His name&#8217;s Sir Kit.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Christopher.</i> My name is not so short:</span><br />
+&#8217;Tis a trisyllable, an&#8217;t please your worship;<br />
+But vulgar tongues have made bold to profane it<br />
+With the short sound of that unhallowed idol<br />
+They call a kit. Boy, learn more reverence!<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Bagshot.</i> Yes, to my betters.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>We need not wonder, therefore, that the comedists took their fun out of
+the new custom, especially in relation to their length and pronunciation
+in full. In Cowley&#8217;s &#8220;Cutter of Colman Street,&#8221; Cutter turns Puritan, and
+thus addresses the colonel&#8217;s widow, Tabitha:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Sister Barebottle, I must not be called Cutter any more: that is a
+name of Cavalier&#8217;s darkness; the Devil was a Cutter from the
+beginning: my name is now Abednego: I had a vision which whispered to
+me through a key-hole, &#8216;Go, call thyself Abednego.&#8217;&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>In his epilogue to this same comedy, Cutter is supposed to address the
+audience as a &#8220;congregation of the elect,&#8221; the playhouse is a conventicle,
+and he is a &#8220;pious cushion-thumper.&#8221; Gazing about the theatre, he
+says&mdash;through his nose, no doubt&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;But yet I wonder much not to espy a<br />
+Brother in all this court called Zephaniah.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>This is a better rhyme even than Butler&#8217;s</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Their dispensations had been stifled<br />
+But for our Adoniram Byfield.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In Brome&#8217;s &#8220;Covent Garden Weeded,&#8221; the arrival at the vintner&#8217;s door is
+thus described:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;<i>Rooksbill.</i> Sure you mistake him, sir.</p>
+
+<p><i>Vintner.</i> You are welcome, gentlemen: Will, Harry, Zachary!</p>
+
+<p><i>Gabriel.</i> Zachary is a good name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Vintner.</i> Where are you? Shew up into the Phoenix.&#8221;&mdash;Act. ii. sc. 2.</p></div>
+
+<p>The contrast between Will or Harry, the nick forms, and Zachary,<a name='fna_20' id='fna_20' href='#f_20'><small>[20]</small></a> the
+full name, is intentionally drawn, and Gabriel instantly rails at it.</p>
+
+<p>In &#8220;Bartholomew Fair,&#8221; half the laughter that convulsed Charles II., his
+courtiers, and courtezans, was at the mention of <i>Ezekiel</i>, the cut-purse,
+or <i>Zeal-of-the-land</i>, the baker, who saw visions; while the veriest
+noodle in the pit saw the point of Squire Cokes&#8217; perpetually addressing
+his body-man Humphrey in some such style as this:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;O, Numps! are you here, Numps? Look where I am, Numps, and Mistress
+Grace, too! Nay, do not look so angrily, Numps: my sister is here and
+all, I do not come without her.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>How the audience would laugh and cheer at a sally that was simply
+manufactured of a repetition of the good old-fashioned name for Humphrey;
+and thus a passage that reads as very dull fun<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> indeed to the ears of the
+nineteenth century, would seem to be brimful of sarcastic allusion to the
+popular audience of the seventeenth, especially when spoken by such lips
+as Wintersels.</p>
+
+<p>The same effect was attempted and attained in the &#8220;Alchemist.&#8221; Subtle
+addresses the deacon:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8220;What&#8217;s your name?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Ananias.</i> My name is Ananias.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Subtle.</i><span style="margin-left: 9em;">Out, the varlet</span></span><br />
+That cozened the Apostles! Hence away!<br />
+Flee, mischief! had your holy consistory<br />
+No name to send me, of another sound,<br />
+Than wicked Ananias? Send your elders<br />
+Hither, to make atonement for you, quickly,<br />
+And give me satisfaction: or out goes<br />
+The fire ...<br />
+If they stay threescore minutes; the aqueity,<br />
+Terreity, and sulphureity<br />
+Shall run together again, and all be annulled,<br />
+Thou wicked Ananias!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Exit Ananias, and no wonder. Of course, the pit would roar at the expense
+of Ananias. But Abel, the tobacco-man, who immediately appears in his
+place, is addressed familiarly as &#8220;Nab:&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8220;<i>Face.</i> Abel, thou art made.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Abel.</i> Sir, I do thank his worship.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Face.</i> Six o&#8217; thy legs more will not do it, Nab.</span><br />
+He has brought you a pipe of tobacco, doctor.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Abel.</i> Yes, sir; I have another thing I would impart&mdash;&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Face.</i> Out with it, Nab.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Abel.</i><span style="margin-left: 7em;">Sir, there is lodged hard by me</span></span><br />
+A rich young widow.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>To some readers there will be little point in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> this. They will say &#8220;Abel,&#8221;
+as an Old Testament name, should neither have been given to an
+un-puritanic character, nor ought it to have been turned into a nickname.
+This would never have occurred to the audience. Abel, or Nab, had been one
+of the most popular of English names for at least three centuries before
+the Reformation. Hence it was <i>never</i> used by the Puritans, and was, as a
+matter of course, the undisturbed property of their enemies. Three
+centuries of bad company had ruined Nab&#8217;s morals. The zealot would none of
+it.<a name='fna_21' id='fna_21' href='#f_21'><small>[21]</small></a></p>
+
+<p>But from all this it will be seen that a much better fight was made in
+behalf of the old nick forms than of the diminutives. By a timely rally,
+Tom, Jack, Dick, and Harry were carried, against all hindrances, into the
+Restoration period, and from that time they were safe. Wat, Phip, Hodge,
+Bat or Bate, and Cole lost their position, but so had the fuller Philip,
+Roger, Bartholomew, and Nicholas, But the opponents of Puritanism carried
+the war into the enemy&#8217;s camp in revenge for this, and Priscilla, Deborah,
+Jeremiah, and Nathaniel, although they were rather of the Reformation than
+Puritanic introductions, were turned by the time<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> of Charles I. into the
+familiar nick forms of Pris, Deb, Jerry, and Nat. The licentious Richard
+Brome, in &#8220;The New Academy,&#8221; even attempts a curtailment of Nehemiah:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;<i>Lady Nestlecock.</i> Negh, Negh!<br />
+<i>Nehemiah.</i> Hark! my mother comes.<br />
+<i>Lady N.</i> Where are you, childe? Negh!<br />
+<i>Nehemiah.</i> I hear her <i>neighing</i> after me.&#8221;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Act iv. sc. 1. (1658).</span></p>
+
+<p>It was never tried out of doors, however, and the experiment was not
+repeated. Brome was still more scant in reverence to Damaris. In &#8220;Covent
+Garden Weeded&#8221; Madge begins &#8220;the dismal story:&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;This gentlewoman whose name is Damaris&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i>Nich.</i> Damyris, stay: her nickname then is Dammy: so we may call her
+when we grow familiar; and to begin that familiarity&mdash;Dammy, here&#8217;s to
+you. (<i>Drinks.</i>)&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>After this she is Dammy in the mouth of Nicholas throughout the play.
+This, too, was a failure. Indeed, it demonstrates a remarkable reverence
+for their Bible on the part of the English race, that every attempt to
+turn one of its names into a nick form (saving in some three or four
+instances) has ignominiously failed. We mean, of course, since the
+Reformation.</p>
+
+<p>The Restoration was a great restoration of nick forms. Such names as had
+survived were again for a while in full favour, and the reader has only<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>
+to turn to the often coarse ballads and songs contained in such
+collections as Tom d&#8217;Urfey&#8217;s &#8220;Pills to Purge Melancholy&#8221; to see how Nan,
+Sis, Sib, Kate, and Doll had been brought back to popular favour. It was
+but a spurt, however, in the main. As the lascivious reaction from the
+Puritanic strait-lacedness in some degree spent itself, so did the newly
+restored fashion, and when the eighteenth century brought in a fresh
+innovation, viz. the <i>classic</i> forms, such as Beatrix, Maria, L&aelig;titia,
+Carolina, Louisa, Amelia, Georgina, Dorothea, Prudentia, Honora&mdash;an
+innovation that for forty years ran like an epidemic through every class
+of society, and was sarcastically alluded to by Goldsmith in Miss Carolina
+Wilhelmina Amelia Skeggs, and the sisters Olivia and Sophia&mdash;the old nick
+forms once more bade adieu to English society, and now enjoy but a partial
+favour. But Bill, Tom, Dick, and Harry still hold on like grim death. Long
+may they continue to do so!</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>c.</i>) <i>The Decay of Saint and Festival Names.</i></p>
+
+<p>There were some serious losses in hagiology. Names that had figured in the
+calendar for centuries fared badly; Simon, Peter, Nicholas, Bartholomew,
+Philip, and Matthew, from being first favourites, lapsed into comparative
+oblivion.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> Some virgins and martyrs of extra-Biblical repute, like Agnes,
+Ursula, Catharine, Cecilia, or Blaze, crept into the registers of
+Charles&#8217;s reign, but they had then become but shadows of their former
+selves.</p>
+
+<p>&#8216;Sis&#8217; is often found in D&#8217;Urfey&#8217;s ballads, but it only proves the songs
+themselves were old ones, or at any rate the choruses, for Cecilia was
+practically obsolete:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1574, Oct. 8. Buried Cisly Weanewright, ye carter&#8217;s wife.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1578, June 1. Buried Cissellye, wife of Gilles Lambe.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1547, Dec. 26. Married Thomas Bodnam and Urcylaye Watsworth.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1654, Sep. 20. Buried Ursley, d. of John Fife.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>It was now that Awdry gave way:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1576, Sept. 7. Buryed Awdry, the widow of &mdash; Seward.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter,
+Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1610, May 27. Baptized Awdrey, d. of John Cooke, butcher.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>St. Blaze,<a name='fna_22' id='fna_22' href='#f_22'><small>[22]</small></a> the patron saint of wool-combers and the <i>nom-de-plume</i> of
+Gil Blas, has only a church or two to recall his memory to us now. But he
+lived into Charles&#8217;s reign:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Blaze Winter was master of Stodmarsh Hospital, when it was
+surrendered to Queen Elizabeth, 1575.&#8221;&mdash;Hasted&#8217;s &#8220;History of Kent.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>&#8220;1550, May 23. Baptized Blaze, daughter of &mdash; Goodwinne.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter,
+Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1555, Julie 21. Wedding of Blase Sawlter and Collis Smith.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1662, May 6. Blase Whyte, one of ye minor cannons, to Mrs. Susanna
+Wright, widow.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the last instance I have seen. Hillary shared the same fate:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1547, Jan. 30. Married Hillarye Finch and Jane Whyte.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1557, June 27. Wedding of Hillary Wapolle and Jane Garret.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1593, Jan. 20. Christening of Hillary, sonne of Hillary Turner,
+draper.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p></div>
+
+<p>Bride is rarely found in England now:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1556, May 22. Baptized Bryde, daughter of &mdash; Stoakes.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1553, Nov. 27. Baptized Bryde, daughter of &mdash; Faunt.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter,
+Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Benedict, which for three hundred years had been known as Bennet, as
+several London churches can testify, became well-nigh extinct; but the
+feminine Benedicta, with Bennet for its shortened form, suddenly arose on
+its ashes, and flourished for a time:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1517, Jan. 28. Wedding of William Stiche and Bennet Bennet,
+widow.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1653, Sep. 29. Married Richard Moone to Benedicta Rolfe.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1575, Jan. 25. Baptized Bennett, son of John Langdon.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb
+Major.</p></div>
+
+<p>These feminines are sometimes bothering. Look, for instance, at this:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>&#8220;1596, Feb. 6. Wedding of William Bromley and Mathew Barnet, maiden,
+of this parish.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1655, Sep. 24. Married Thomas Budd, miller, and Mathew Larkin,
+spinster.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p></div>
+
+<p>The true spelling should have been Mathea, which, previous to the
+Reformation, had been given to girls born on St. Matthew&#8217;s Day.<a name='fna_23' id='fna_23' href='#f_23'><small>[23]</small></a> The
+nick form <i>Mat</i> changed sexes. In &#8220;Englishmen for my Money&#8221; Walgrave
+says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Nay, stare not, look you here: no monster I, But even plain Ned, and
+here stands Mat my wife.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Appoline, all of whose teeth were extracted at her martyrdom with pincers,
+was a favourite saint for appeal against toothache. In the Homily &#8220;Against
+the Perils of Idolatry,&#8221; it is said&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;All diseases have their special saints, as gods, the curers of them:
+the toothache, St. Appoline.&#8221;<a name='fna_24' id='fna_24' href='#f_24'><small>[24]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p>Scarcely any name for girls was more common than this for a time; up to
+the Commonwealth period it contrived to exist. Take St. Peter, Cornhill,
+alone:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span>&#8220;1593, Jan. 13. Christened Apeline, d. of John Moris, clothworker.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1609, M<sup>ch</sup>. 11. Christened Apoline, d. of Will<sup>m</sup>. Burton, marchant.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1617, June 29. Buried Appelyna, d. of Thomas Church.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Names from the great Church festivals fared as badly as those from the
+hagiology. The high day of the ecclesiastical calendar is Easter. We have
+more relics of this festival than any other. Pasche Oland or Pascoe Kerne
+figure in the Chancery suits of Elizabeth. Long before this the Hundred
+Rolls had given us a <i>Huge fil. Pasche</i>, and a contemporary record
+contained an <i>Antony Pascheson</i>. The different forms lingered till the
+Commonwealth:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1553, M<sup>ch</sup>. 23. Baptized Pascall, son of John Davye.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1651, M<sup>ch</sup>. 18. Married Thomas Strato and Paskey Prideaux.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter&#8217;s, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1747, May 4. Baptized Rebekah, d. of Pasko and Sarah Crocker.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1582, June 14. Baptized Pascow, son-in-law of Pascowe John.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p></div>
+
+<p>Pascha Turner, widow, was sister of Henry Parr, Bishop of Worcester.</p>
+
+<p>The more English &#8220;Easter&#8221; had a longer survival, but this arose from its
+having become confounded with Esther. To this mistake it owes the fact
+that it lived till the commencement of the present century:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;April, 1505. Christened Easter, daughter of Thomas Coxe, of
+Wapping.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>&#8220;May 27, 1764. Buried Easter Lewis, aged 56 years.&#8221;&mdash;Lidney, Glouc.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;July 27, 1654. Married Thomas Burton, marriner, and Easter
+Taylor.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Epiphany</i>, or <i>Theophania</i> (shortened to Tiffany), was popular with both
+sexes, but the ladies got the chief hold of it.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Megge Merrywedyr, and Sabyn Sprynge,<br />
+Tiffany Twynkeler, fayle for no thynge,&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>says one of our old mysteries. This form succumbed at the Reformation.
+Tyffanie Seamor appears as defendant about 1590, however (&#8220;Chancery Suits:
+Eliz.&#8221;), and in Cornwall the name reached the seventeenth century:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1594, Nov. 7. Baptized Typhenie, daughter of Sampson Bray.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1600, June 21. Baptized Tiffeny, daughter of Harry Hake.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb
+Major.</p></div>
+
+<p>The following is from Banbury register:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1586, Jan. 9. Baptized Epiphane, ye sonne of Ambrose Bentley.&#8221;<a name='fna_25' id='fna_25' href='#f_25'><small>[25]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p>Epiphany Howarth records his name also about 1590 (&#8220;Chancery Suits:
+Eliz.&#8221;), and a few years later he is once more met with in a State paper
+(C. S. P. 1623-25):</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1623, June. Account of monies paid by Epiphan Haworth, of
+Herefordshire, recusant, since Nov. 11, 1611, &pound;6 10 0.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span>This Epiphan is valuable as showing the transition state between Epiphania
+and Ephin, the latter being the form that ousted all others:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1563, March 14. Christening of Ephin King, d. of &mdash; King.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1564, June 30. Christening of Effam, d. of John Adlington.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1620, March 30. Frauncis, sonne of Alexander Brounescome, and Effym,
+his wife, brought a bead at Mr. Vowell&#8217;s house.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1635, Jan. 28. Buried Epham Vowell, widow.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>But Ephin was not a long liver, and by the time of the Restoration had
+wholly succumbed. The last entry I have seen is in the Westminster Abbey
+register:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1692, Jan. 25. Buried Eppifania Cakewood, an almsman&#8217;s wife.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Pentecost was more sparely used. In the &#8220;Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in
+Turri Londonensi&#8221; occur both Pentecost de London (1221) and Pentecost
+Servicus, and a servitor of Henry III. bore the only name of &#8220;Pentecost&#8221;
+(&#8220;Inquis., 13 Edw. I.,&#8221; No. 13). This name was all but obsolete soon after
+the Reformation set in, but it lingered on till the end of the seventeenth
+century.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1577, May 25. Baptized Pentecost, daughter of Robert Rosegan.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1610, May 27. Baptized Pentecost, d. of William Tremain.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;August 7, 1696. Pentecost, daughter of Mr. Ezekel and Pentecost Hall,
+merchant, born and baptized.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>Noel shared the same fate. The Hundred Rolls furnish a Noel de Aubianis,
+while the &#8220;Materials<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span> for a History of Henry VII.&#8221; (p. 503) mentions a
+Nowell Harper:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1486, July 16. General pardon to Nowell Harper, late of Boyleston,
+co. Derby, gent.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1545, Dec. 20. Baptized Nowell, son of William Mayhowe.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb
+Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1580, March 1. Baptized James, son of Nowell Mathew.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1627. Petition of Nowell Warner.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. S. P. Domestic,&#8221; 1627-8.</p></div>
+
+<p>Noel still struggled gamely, and died hard, seeing the eighteenth century
+well in:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1706, April 23. Noell Whiteing, son of Noell and Ann Whiteing,
+linendraper, baptized.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>Again the Reformation, apart from Puritanism, had much to do with the
+decay of these names.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>d.</i>) <i>The Last of some Old Favourites.</i></p>
+
+<p>There were some old English favourites that the Reformation and the
+English Bible did not immediately crush. Thousands of men were youths when
+the Hebrew invasion set in, and lived unto James&#8217;s reign. Their names crop
+up, of course, in the burial registers. Others were inclined to be
+tenacious over family favourites. We must be content, in the records of
+Elizabeth&#8217;s and even James&#8217;s reign, to find some old friends standing side
+by side with the new. The majority of them were extra-Biblical, and
+therefore did not meet<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> with the same opposition as those that savoured of
+the old ecclesiasticism. Nevertheless, this new fashion was telling on
+them, and of most we may say, &#8220;Their places know them no more.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Looking from now back to then, we see this the more clearly. We turn to
+the &#8220;Calendar of State Papers,&#8221; and we find a grant, dated November 5,
+1607, to <i>Fulk</i> Reade to travel four years. Shortly afterwards (July 15,
+1609), we come across a warrant to John Carse, of the benefit of the
+recusancy of <i>Drew</i> Lovett, of the county of Middlesex. Casting our eye
+backwards we speedily reach a grant or warrant in 1603, wherein
+<i>Gavin</i><a name='fna_26' id='fna_26' href='#f_26'><small>[26]</small></a> Harvey is mentioned. In 1604 comes <i>Ingram</i> Fyser. One after
+another these names occur within the space of five years&mdash;names then,
+although it was well in James&#8217;s reign, known of all men, and borne
+reputably by many. But who will say that Drew, or Fulk, or Gavin, or
+Ingram are alive now? How they were to be elbowed out of existence these
+very same records tell us; for within the same half-decade we may see
+warrants or grants relating to <i>Matathias</i> Mason<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> (April 7, 1610) or
+<i>Gersome</i> Holmes (January 23, 1608). <i>Jethro</i> Forstall obtains licence,
+November 12, 1604, to dwell in one of the alms-rooms of Canterbury
+Cathedral; while <i>Melchizedec</i> Bradwood receives sole privilege, February
+18, 1608, of printing Jewel&#8217;s &#8220;Defence of the Apology of the English
+Church.&#8221; The enemy was already within the bastion, and the call for
+surrender was about to be made.</p>
+
+<p>Take another specimen a few years earlier. In the Chancery suits at the
+close of Elizabeth&#8217;s reign, we find a plaintiff named Goddard Freeman,
+another styled Anketill Brasbridge, a defendant bearing the good old title
+of Frideswide Heysham, while a fourth endeavours to secure his title to
+some property under the signature of Avery Howlatt. Hamlett Holcrofte and
+Hammett Hyde are to be met with (but we have spoken of them), and such
+other personages as Ellice Heye, Morrice Cowles, and Gervase Hatfield.
+Within a few pages&#8217; limit we come across Dogory Garry, Digory Greenfield,
+Digory Harrit, and Degory Hollman. These names of Goddard, Anketill,
+Frideswide, Avery, Hamlet, Ellice, Morrice, Gervase, and Digory were on
+everybody&#8217;s lips when Henry VIII. was king. Who can say that they exist
+now? Only Maurice and Gervase enjoy a precarious<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> existence. A breath of
+popular disregard would blow them out. Avery held out, but in vain:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Avery Terrill, cooke at ye Falcon, Lothbury, 1650.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Tokens of
+Seventeenth Century.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>But what else do we see in these same registers? We are confronted with
+pages bearing such names as Esaye Freeman (Isaiah), or Elizar Audly
+(Eliezer), or Seth Awcocke, or Urias Babington, or Ezekias Brent,&mdash;and
+this not forty years after the Reformation. These men must have been
+baptized in the very throes of the great contest.</p>
+
+<p>Another &#8220;Calendar of State Papers,&#8221; bearing dates between 1590 and 1605,
+contains the names of Colet Carey (1580) and Amice Carteret (1599),
+alongside of whom stands Aquila Wyke (1603). Here once more we are
+reminded of two pretty baptismal names that have gone the way of the
+others. It makes one quite sad to think of these national losses. Amice,
+previous to the Reformation, was a household favourite, and Colet a
+perfect pet. Won&#8217;t somebody come to the rescue? Why on earth should the
+fact that the Bible has been translated out of Latin into English strip us
+of these treasures?</p>
+
+<p>Turn once more to our church registers. Few will recognize Thurstan as a
+baptismal name:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1544, May 11. Married Thryston Hogkyn and Letyce Knight.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span>&#8220;1573, Nov. 15. Wedding of Thrustone Bufford and Annes Agnes
+Dyckson.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Drew and Fulk are again found:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1583, April 16. Buried Drew Hewat, sonne of Nicholas Hewat.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1583, March 8. Buried Foulke Phillip, sonne of Thomas Phillip,
+grocer.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Take the following, dropped upon hap-hazard as I turn the pages of St.
+Dionis Backchurch:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1540, Oct. 25. Buried Jacomyn Swallowe.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1543, Aug. 3. Buried Awdrye Hykman.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1543, June 12. Married Bonyface Meorys and Jackamyn Kelderly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1546, Nov. 23. Christened Grizill, daughter of&mdash;Deyne.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1557, Nov. 8. Buried Austin Clarke.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1567, April 22. Married Richard Staper and Dennis Hewyt.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1573, Sep. 25. Married John Carrington and Gyllian Lovelake.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1574, Oct. 23. Buried Joyce, d. of John Bray.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1594, Nov. 1. Married Gawyn Browne and Sibbell Halfhed.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>So they run. How quaint and pretty they sound to modern ears! Amongst the
+above I have mentioned some girl-names. The change is strongly marked
+here. It was Elizabeth&#8217;s reign saw the end of Joan. Jane Grey set the
+fashionable Jane going; Joan was relegated to the milkmaid, and very soon
+even the kitchen wench would none of it. Joan is obsolete; Jane is showing
+signs of dissolution.<a name='fna_27' id='fna_27' href='#f_27'><small>[27]</small></a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span>It was Elizabeth&#8217;s reign saw the end of Jill, or Gill, which had been the
+pet name of Juliana for three centuries:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1586, Feb. 5. Christening of Gillian Jones, daughter of Thomas Jones,
+grocer.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1573, Sep. 25. Married John Carrington, Cheape, and Gillian
+Lovelake.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>In one of our earlier mysteries Noah&#8217;s wife had refused to enter the ark.
+To Noah she had said&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Sir, for Jak nor for Gille<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wille I turne my face,</span><br />
+Tille I have on this hille<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Spun a space.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>It lingered on till the close of James&#8217;s reign. In 1619 we find in
+&#8220;Satyricall Epigrams&#8221;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Wille squabbled in a tavern very sore,<br />
+Because one brought a <i>gill</i> of wine&mdash;no more:<br />
+&#8216;Fill me a quart,&#8217; quoth he, &#8216;I&#8217;m called Will;<br />
+The proverb is, each <i>Jacke</i> shall have his <i>Gill</i>.&#8217;&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But Jill had become a term for a common street jade, like Parnel and Nan.
+All these disappeared at this period, and must have sunk into disuse,
+Bible or no Bible. A nanny-house, or simple &#8220;nanny,&#8221; was well known to the
+loose and dissolute of either sex at the close of the sixteenth century.
+Hence, in the ballad &#8220;The Two Angrie Women of Abington,&#8221; Nan Lawson is a
+wanton; while, in &#8220;Slippery Will,&#8221; the hero&#8217;s inclination for Nan is
+anything but complimentary:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span>
+&#8220;Long have I lived a bachelor&#8217;s life,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And had no mind to marry;</span><br />
+But now I faine would have a wife,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Either Doll, Kate, Sis, or Mary.</span><br />
+These four did love me very well,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I had my choice of Mary;</span><br />
+But one did all the rest excell,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And that was pretty Nanny.</span><br />
+<br />
+&#8220;Sweet Nan did love me deare indeed,&#8221; etc.</p>
+
+<p>Respectable people, still liking the name, changed it to Nancy, and in
+that form it still lives.</p>
+
+<p>Parnel, the once favourite Petronilla, fell under the same blight as
+Peter, and shared his fate; but her character also ruined her. In the
+registers of St. Peter, Cornhill, we find the following entries:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1539, May 20. Christened Petronilla, ignoti cognominis.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1594, Sep. 15. Christening of Parnell Griphin, d. of John Griphin,
+felt-maker.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1586, April 17. Christening of Parnell Averell, d. of William
+Averell, merchant tailor.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Two other examples may be furnished:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1553, Nov. 15. Peternoll, daughter of William Agar, baptized.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1590, April. Pernell, d. of Antony Barton, of Poplar.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney,
+London.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Restoration did not restore Parnel, and the name is gone.</p>
+
+<p>Sibyl had a tremendous run in her day, and narrowly escaped a second epoch
+of favour in the second Charles&#8217;s reign. Tib and Sib were always<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> placed
+side by side. Burton, speaking of &#8220;love melancholy,&#8221; says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;One grows too fat, another too lean: modest Matilda, pretty pleasing
+Peg, sweet singing Susan, mincing merry Moll, dainty dancing Doll,
+neat Nancy, jolly Joan, nimble Nell, kissing Kate, bouncing Bess with
+black eyes, fair Phillis with fine white hands, fiddling Frank, tall
+Tib, slender Sib, will quickly lose their grace, grow fulsome, stale,
+sad, heavy, dull, sour, and all at last out of fashion.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The &#8220;Psalm of Mercie,&#8221; too, has it:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;So, so,&#8217; quoth my sister Bab,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And &#8216;Kill &#8217;um,&#8217; quoth Margerie;</span><br />
+&#8216;Spare none,&#8217; cry&#8217;s old Tib; &#8216;No quarter,&#8217; says Sib,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;And, hey, for our monachie.&#8217;&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>In &#8220;Cocke Lorelle&#8217;s Bote,&#8221; one of the personages introduced is&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Sibby Sole, mylke wyfe of Islynton.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Sibb Smith, near Westgate, Canterbury, 1650.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Half-penny Tokens of
+Seventeenth Century.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1590, Aug. 30. Christening of Cibell Overton, d. of Lawrence Overton,
+bowyer.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Three names practically disappeared in this same century&mdash;Olive, Jacomyn
+or Jacolin, and Grissel:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1581, Feb. 17. Baptized Olyff, daughter of Degorie Stubbs.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1550, Dec. 11. Christning of Grysell, daughter of &mdash; Plummer.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1598, March 15. Buried Jacolyn Backley, widow.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>Olive was a great favourite in the west of England, and was restored by a
+caprice of fashion as Olivia in the eighteenth century. It was the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span>property of both sexes, and is often found in the dress of &#8220;Olliph,&#8221;
+&#8220;Olyffe,&#8221; and &#8220;Olif.&#8221; From being a household pet, Dorothy, as Doll, almost
+disappeared for a while. Doll and Dolly came back in the eighteenth
+century, under the patronage of the royal and stately Dorothea. What a run
+it again had! Dolly is one of the few instances of a really double
+existence. It was the rage from 1450 to 1570; it was overwhelmed with
+favour from 1750 to 1820. Dr. Syntax in his travels meets with three
+Dollys. Napoleon is besought in the rhymes of the day to</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left:9em;">&#8220;quit his folly,</span><br />
+Settle in England, and marry Dolly.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Once more Dolly, saving for Dora, has made her bow and exit. I suppose she
+may turn up again about 1990, and all the little girls will be wearing
+Dolly Vardens.</p>
+
+<p><i>Barbara</i>, with its pet Bab, is now of rarest use. <i>Dowse</i>, the pretty
+Douce of earlier days, is defunct, and with it the fuller Dowsabel:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1565, Sep. 9. Buried Dowse, wife of John Thomas.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Joyce</i> fought hard, but it was useless:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1563, Sep. 8. Buried Joyce, wife of Thomas Armstrong.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1575, April 5. Baptized Joyes, daughter of John Lyttacott.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span>&#8220;1652, Aug. 18. Married Joseph Sumner and Joyce Stallowhace.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Lettice</i> disappeared, to come back as L&aelig;titia in the eighteenth century:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1587, June 19. Married Richard Evannes and Lettis Warren.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Amery</i>, or <i>Emery</i>, the property of either sex, lost place:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1584, April 9. Buried Amery Martin, widow, of Wilsdon.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter,
+Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1668. Emerre Bradley, baker, Hartford.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Tokens of Seventeenth
+Century.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Avice</i> shared the same fate:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Avis Kingston and Amary Clerke, widow, applied for arrears of pay due
+to their husbands, May 13, 1656.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1590-1, Jan. Christened Avis, d. of Philip Cliff.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1600, Feb. 6. Baptized Avice, daughter of Thomas Bennett.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1623, August 5. Christened Thomas, the sonne of James Jennets, and
+Avice his wife.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Thomasine requires a brief notice. Coming into use as a fancy name about
+1450, it seems to have met with no opposition, and for a century and a
+half was a decided success. It became familiar to every district in
+England, north or south, and is found in the registers of out-of-the-way
+villages in Derbyshire, as plentifully as in those of the metropolitan
+churches:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1538, Nov. 30. Married Edward Bashe and Thomeson Agar.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span>&#8220;1582, Nov. 1. Baptized Tamson, daughter of Richard Hodge.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1622, Jan. 19. Christened Thomas, the sonne of Henery Thomson,
+haberdasher, and of Thomazine his wife.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1620, Jan. 21. Baptized Johanna, fil. Tamsin Smith,
+adulterina.&#8221;&mdash;Minster.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1640, Jan. 31. Buried Thomasing, filia William Sympson.&#8221;&mdash;Wirksworth,
+Derbyshire.</p></div>
+
+<p>In other registers such forms as Thomasena, Thomesin, Thomazin, Tomasin,
+and Thomasin occur. In Cowley&#8217;s &#8220;Chronicle,&#8221; too, the name is found:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Then Jone and Jane and Audria,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And then a pretty Thomasine,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And then another Katharine,</span><br />
+And then a long et c&aelig;tera.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">V. <span class="smcap">The General Confusion.</span></p>
+
+<p>But what a state of confusion does all this reveal! By the time of the
+Commonwealth, there was the choice of three methods of selection open to
+the English householder in this matter of names. He might copy the zealot
+faction, and select his names from the Scriptures or the category of
+Christian graces; he might rally by the old English gentleman, who at this
+time was generally a Cavalier, and Dick, Tom, Harry, or Dolly, his
+children; or he might be careless about the whole matter, and mix the two,
+according to his caprice<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span> or fancy. That Royalist had no bad conception of
+the state of society in 1648, when he turned off verses such as these:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And Greenwich shall be for tenements free<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For saints to possess Pell-Mell,</span><br />
+And where all the sport is at Hampton Court<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shall be for ourselves to dwell.</span><br />
+<i>Chorus.</i> &#8216;&#8217;Tis blessed,&#8217; quoth Bathsheba,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And Clemence, &#8216;We&#8217;re all agreed.&#8217;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">&#8216;&#8217;Tis right,&#8217; quoth Gertrude, &#8216;And fit,&#8217; says sweet Jude,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">And Thomasine, &#8216;Yea, indeed.&#8217;</span><br />
+<br />
+&#8220;What though the king proclaims<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Our meetings no more shall be;</span><br />
+In private we may hold forth the right way,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And be, as we should be, free.</span><br />
+<i>Chorus.</i> &#8216;O very well said,&#8217; quoth Con;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">&#8216;And so will I do,&#8217; says Franck;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">And Mercy cries, &#8216;Aye,&#8217; and Mat, &#8216;Really,&#8217;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">&#8216;And I&#8217;m o&#8217; that mind,&#8217; quoth Thank.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>As we shall show in our next chapter, &#8220;Thank&#8221; was no imaginary name,
+coined to meet the exigencies of rhyme. Thanks, however, to the good sense
+of the nation, an effort was made in behalf of such old favourites as
+John, William, Richard, Robert, and Thomas. So early as 1643, Thomas
+Adams, Puritan as he was, had delivered himself in a London pulpit to the
+effect that &#8220;he knew &#8216;Williams&#8217; and &#8216;Richards&#8217; who, though they bore names
+not found in sacred story, but familiar to the country, were as gracious
+saints&#8221; as any who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> bore names found in it (&#8220;Meditations upon the Creed&#8221;).
+The Cavalier, we know, had deliberately stuck by the old names. A
+political skit, already referred to, after running through a list of all
+the new-fangled names introduced by the fanatics, concludes:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;They&#8217;re just like the Gadaren&#8217;s swine,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Which the devils did drive and bewitch:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An herd set on evill</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will run to the de-vill</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And his dam when their tailes do itch.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;Then let &#8217;em run on!&#8217;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says Ned, Tom, and John.</span><br />
+&#8216;Ay, let &#8217;um be hanged!&#8217; quoth Mun:<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;They&#8217;re mine,&#8217; quoth old Nick,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;And take &#8217;um,&#8217; says Dick,</span><br />
+&#8216;And welcome!&#8217; quoth worshipful Dun.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;And God blesse King Charles!&#8217; quoth George,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&#8216;And save him,&#8217; says Simon and Sill;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;Aye, aye,&#8217; quoth old Cole and each loyall soul,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&#8216;And Amen, and Amen!&#8217; cries Will.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>Another ballad, lively and free as the other, published in 1648, and
+styled &#8220;The Anarchie, or the Blest Reformation,&#8221; after railing at the
+confusion of things in general, and names in particular, concludes with
+the customary jolly old English flourish:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;A health to King Charles!&#8217; says Tom;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;Up with it,&#8217; says Ralph like a man;</span><br />
+&#8216;God bless him,&#8217; says Moll, &#8216;And raise him,&#8217; says Doll,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;And send him his owne,&#8217; says Nan.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>The Restoration practically ended the conflict,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span> but it was a truce; for
+both sides, so far as nomenclature is concerned, retained trophies of
+victory, and, on the whole, the Hebrew was the gainer. At the start he had
+little to lose, and he has filled the land with titles that had lain in
+abeyance for four thousand years. The old English yeoman has lost many of
+his most honoured cognomens, but he can still, at least, boast one thing.
+The two names that were foremost before the middle of the twelfth century
+stand at this moment in the same position. Out of every hundred children
+baptized in England, thirteen are entered in the register as John or
+William. The Cavalier, too, can boast that &#8220;Charles,&#8221;<a name='fna_28' id='fna_28' href='#f_28'><small>[28]</small></a> although there
+were not more of that name throughout the length and breadth of England at
+the beginning of Elizabeth&#8217;s reign than could be counted on the fingers of
+one hand, now<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span> occupies the sixth place among male baptismal names.</p>
+
+<p>Several names, now predominant, were for various reasons lifted above the
+contest. George holds the fourth position among boys; Mary and Elizabeth,
+the first and second among girls. George dates all his popularity from the
+last century, and Mary was in danger of becoming obsolete at the close of
+Elizabeth&#8217;s reign, so hateful had it become to Englishmen, whether
+Churchmen or Presbyterians. It was at this time Philip, too, lost a place
+it can never recover. But the fates came to the rescue of Mary, when the
+Prince of Orange landed at Torbay, and sate with James&#8217;s daughter on
+England&#8217;s throne. It has been first favourite ever since. As for
+Elizabeth, a chapter might be written upon it. Just known, and no more, at
+the beginning of the sixteenth century, it was speedily popularized in the
+&#8220;daughter of the Reformation.&#8221; The Puritans, in spite of persecution and
+other provocations, were ever true to &#8220;Good Queen Bess.&#8221; The name, too,
+was scriptural, and had not been mixed up with centuries of Romish
+superstition. Elizabeth ruled supreme, and was contorted and twisted into
+every conceivable shape that ingenuity could devise. It narrowly escaped
+the diminutive desinence, for Ezot and Ezota occur<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span> to my knowledge four
+times in records between 1500 and 1530. But Bess and Bessie took up the
+running, and, a century later, Bett and Betty. It will surprise almost all
+my readers, I suspect, to know that the &#8220;Lady Bettys&#8221; of the early part of
+last century were never, or rarely ever, christened Elizabeth. Queen
+Anne&#8217;s reign, even William and Mary&#8217;s reign, saw the fashionable rage for
+Latinized forms, already referred to, setting in. Elizabeth was turned
+into Bethia and Betha:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1707, Jan. 2. Married Will<sup>m</sup>. Simonds and Bethia Ligbourne.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1721. Married Charles Bawden to Bethia Thornton.&#8221;&mdash;Somerset House
+Chapel.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1748. Married Adam Allyn to Bethia Lee.&#8221;<a name='fna_29' id='fna_29' href='#f_29'><small>[29]</small></a>&mdash;Ditto.</p></div>
+
+<p>The familiar form of this was Betty:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Betty Trevor, wife of the Hon. John Trevor, eldest d. of Sir Thomas
+Frankland, of Thirkleby, in the county of York, Baronet, ob. Dec. 28,
+1742, &aelig;tat. 25.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Suss. Arch. Coll.,&#8221; xvii. 148.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span>Bess was forgotten, and it was not till the present century that, Betty
+having become the property of the lower orders, who had soon learnt to
+copy their betters, the higher classes fell back once more on the Bessie
+of Reformation days.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile other freaks of fancy had a turn. Bessie and Betty were dropped
+into a mill, and ground out as Betsy. This, after a while, was relegated
+to the peasantry and artisans north of Trent. Then Tetty and Tetsy had an
+innings. Dr. Johnson always called his wife Tetty. Writing March 28, 1753,
+he says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;I kept this day as the anniversary of my Tetty&#8217;s death, with prayer
+and tears in the morning.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Eliza arose before Elizabeth died; was popular in the seventeenth, much
+resorted to in the eighteenth, and is still familiar in the nineteenth
+century. Thomas Nash, in &#8220;Summer&#8217;s Last Will and Testament,&#8221; has the
+audacity to speak of the queen as&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">&#8220;that Eliza, England&#8217;s beauteous queen,</span><br />
+On whom all seasons prosperously attend.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Johnson, in an epigram anent Colley Cibber and George II., says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Augustus still survives in Maro&#8217;s strain,<br />
+And Spenser&#8217;s verse prolongs Eliza&#8217;s reign.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But by the lexicographer&#8217;s day, the poorer<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> classes had ceased to
+recognize that Eliza and Betty were parts of one single name. They took up
+each on her own account, as a separate name, and thus Betty and Eliza were
+commonly met with in the same household. This is still frequently seen.
+The <i>Spectator</i>, the other day, furnished a list of our commonest font
+names, wherein Elizabeth is placed fourth, with 4610 representatives in
+every 100,000 of the population. Looking lower down, we find &#8220;Eliza&#8221;
+ranked in the twenty-first place with 1507. This is scarcely fair. The two
+ought to be added together; at least, it perpetuates a misconception.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II.</h2>
+<p class="title">PURITAN ECCENTRICITIES.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;And we have known Williams and Richards, names not found in sacred
+story, but familiar to our country, prove as gracious saints as any
+Safe-deliverance, Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, or such like, which
+have been rather descriptions than names.&#8221;&mdash;<span class="smcap">Thomas Adams</span>, <i>Meditations
+upon the Creed</i>, 1629.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;In giving names to children, it was their opinion that <i>heathenish
+names</i> should be avoided, as not so fit for Christians; and also the
+names of God, and Christ, and angels, and the peculiar offices of the
+Mediator,&#8221;&mdash;<span class="smcap">Neal</span>, <i>History of the Puritans</i>, vol. 1, ch. v. 1565.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">I. <span class="smcap">Introductory.</span></p>
+
+<p>There are still many people who are sceptical about the stories told
+against the Puritans in the matter of name-giving. Of these some are
+Nonconformists, who do not like the slights thus cast upon their spiritual
+ancestry; unaware that while this curious phase was at its climax,
+Puritanism was yet within the pale of the Church of England. Others,
+having searched through the lists of the Protector&#8217;s Parliaments,
+Commissioners, and army officers, and having found but a handful of odd<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>
+baptismal names, declare, without hesitation, that these stories are
+wicked calumnies. Mr. Peacock, whose book on the &#8220;Army Lists of Roundheads
+and Cavaliers&#8221; is well worth study, says, in one of the numbers of <i>Notes
+and Queries</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;I know modern writers have repeated the same thing over and over
+again; but I do not remember any trustworthy evidence of the
+Commonwealth time, or that of Charles II., that would lead us to
+believe that strange christian names were more common in those days
+than now. What passages have we on this subject in the works of the
+Restoration playwrights?&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This is an old mistake. If Mr. Peacock had looked at our registers from
+1580 to 1640, instead of from 1640 to 1680, he would never have written
+the above. There is the most distinct evidence that during the latter
+portion of Elizabeth&#8217;s reign, the whole of James&#8217;s reign, and great part
+of Charles&#8217;s reign, in a district roughly comprising England south of the
+Trent, and having, say, Banbury for its centre, there prevailed, amongst a
+certain class of English religionists, a practice of baptizing children by
+scriptural phrases, pious ejaculations, or godly admonitions. It was a
+practice instituted of deliberate purpose, as conducive to vital religion,
+and as intending to separate the truly godly and renewed portion of the
+community from the world at large. The Reformation epoch had seen the
+English middle and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> lower classes generally adopting the proper names of
+Scripture. Thus, the sterner Puritan had found a list of Bible names that
+he would gladly have monopolized, shared in by half the English
+population. That a father should style his child Nehemiah, or Abacuck, or
+Tabitha, or Dorcas, he discovered with dismay, did not prove that that
+particular parent was under any deep conviction of sin. This began to
+trouble the minds and consciences of the elect. Fresh limits must be
+created. As Richard and Roger had given way to Nathaniel and Zerrubabel,
+so Nathaniel and Zerrubabel must now give way to <i>Learn-wisdom</i> and
+<i>Hate-evil</i>. Who inaugurated the movement, with what success, and how it
+slowly waned, this chapter will show.</p>
+
+<p>There can be no doubt that it is entirely owing to Praise-God Barebone,
+and the Parliament that went by his name,<a name='fna_30' id='fna_30' href='#f_30'><small>[30]</small></a> the impression got abroad in
+after days that the Commonwealth period was the heyday of these
+eccentricities, and that these remarkable names were merely adopted after
+conversion, and were not entered in the vestry-books as baptismal names at
+all.</p>
+
+<p>The existence of these names could not escape<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> the attention of Lord
+Macaulay and Sir Walter Scott. The Whig historian has referred to
+Tribulation Wholesome and Zeal-of-the-land Busy almost as frequently as to
+that fourth-form boy for whose average (!) abilities to the very end of
+his literary life he entertained such a profound respect. Two quotations
+will suffice. In his &#8220;Comic Dramatists of the Restoration&#8221; he says,
+speaking of the Commonwealth&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;To know whether a man was really godly was impossible. But it was
+easy to know whether he had a plain dress, lank hair, no starch in his
+linen, no gay furniture in his house; whether he talked through his
+nose, and showed the whites of his eyes; whether he named his children
+<i>Assurance</i>, <i>Tribulation</i>, and <i>Maher-shalal-hash-baz</i>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Again, in his Essay on Croker&#8217;s &#8220;Boswell&#8217;s Life of Johnson,&#8221; he declares&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Johnson could easily see that a Roundhead who named all his children
+after Solomon&#8217;s singers, and talked in the House of Commons about
+seeking the Lord, might be an unprincipled villain, whose religious
+mummeries only aggravated his fault.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>In &#8220;Woodstock,&#8221; Scott has such characters as <i>Zerrubabel</i> Robins and
+<i>Merciful</i> Strickalthrow, both soldiers of Oliver Cromwell; while the
+zealot ranter is one <i>Nehemiah</i> Holdenough. Mr. Peacock most certainly has
+grounds for complaint here, but not as to facts, only dates.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center">II. <span class="smcap">Originated by the Presbyterian Clergy.</span></p>
+
+<p>In Strype&#8217;s &#8220;Life of Whitgift&#8221; (i. 255) we find the following statement:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;I find yet again another company of these fault-finders with the Book
+of Common Prayer, in another diocese, namely, that of Chichester,
+whose names and livings were these: William Hopkinson, vicar of
+Salehurst; Samuel Norden, parson of Hamsey; Antony Hobson, vicar of
+Leominster; Thomas Underdown, parson of St. Mary&#8217;s in Lewes; John
+Bingham, preacher of Hodeleigh; Thomas Heley, preacher of Warbleton;
+John German, vicar of Burienam; and Richard Whiteaker, vicar of
+Ambreley.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>I follow up the history of but two of these ministers, Hopkinson of
+Salehurst, and Heley of Warbleton. Suspended by the commissary, they were
+summoned to Canterbury, December 6, 1583, and subscribed. Both being
+married men, with young families, we may note their action in regard to
+name-giving. The following are to be found in the register at Salehurst:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Maye 3, 1579, was baptized Persis (Rom. xvi. 12), the daughter of
+William Hopkinson, minister heare.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;June 18, 1587, was baptized Stedfast, the sonne of Mr. William Bell,
+minister.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nov. 3, 1588, was baptized Renewed, the doughter of William
+Hopkinson, minister.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Feb. 28, 1591, was baptized Safe-on-Highe, the sonne of Will<sup>m</sup>.
+Hopkinson, minister of the Lord&#8217;s Worde there.<a name='fna_31' id='fna_31' href='#f_31'><small>[31]</small></a></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oct. 29, 1596. Constant, filia Thom&aelig; Lorde, baptisata fuit.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>&#8220;March, 1621. Rejoyce, filia Thom&aelig; Lorde, baptisata fuit die 10, et
+sepulta die 23.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;November, 1646. Bethshua, doughter of Mr. John Lorde, minister of
+Salehurst, bapt. 22 die.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>These entries are of the utmost importance; they begin at the very date
+when the new custom arose, and are patronized by three ministers in
+succession&mdash;possibly four, if Thomas Lorde was also a clergyman.</p>
+
+<p>Heley&#8217;s case is yet more curious. He had been prescribing grace-names for
+his flock shortly before the birth of his first child. He thus practises
+upon his own offspring:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Nov. 7, 1585. Muche-merceye, the sonne of Thomas Hellye, minyster.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;March 26, 1587. Increased, the dather of Thomas Helly, minister.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Maye 5, 1588. Sin-denie, the dather of Thomas Helly, minister.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Maye 25, 1589. Fear-not, the sonne of Thomas Helly, minister.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Under rectorial pressure the villagers followed suit; and for half a
+century Warbleton was, in the names of its parishioners, a complete
+exegesis of justification by faith without the deeds of the law.
+<i>Sorry-for-sin</i> Coupard was a peripatetic exhortation to repentance, and
+<i>No-merit</i> Vynall was a standing denunciation of works. No register in
+England is better worth a pilgrimage to-day than Warbleton.<a name='fna_32' id='fna_32' href='#f_32'><small>[32]</small></a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span>Still confining our attention to Sussex and Kent, we come to Berwick:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1594, Dec. 22. Baptized Continent, daughter of Hugh Walker, vicar.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1602, Dec. 12. Baptized Christophilus, son of Hugh Walker.&#8221;&mdash;Berwick,
+Sussex.</p></div>
+
+<p>I think the father ought to be whipped most incontinently in the open
+market who would inflict such a name on an infant daughter. They did not
+think so then. The point, however, is that the father was incumbent of the
+parish.</p>
+
+<p>A more historic instance may be given. John Frewen, Puritan rector of
+Northiam, Sussex, from 1583 to 1628, and author of &#8220;Grounds and Principles
+of the Christian Religion,&#8221; had two sons, at least, baptized in his
+church. The dates tally exactly with the new custom:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1588, May 26. Baptized Accepted, sonne of John Frewen.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1591, Sep. 5. Baptized Thankful, sonne of John Frewen.&#8221;&mdash;Northiam,
+Sussex.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Accepted</i><a name='fna_33' id='fna_33' href='#f_33'><small>[33]</small></a> died Archbishop of York, being prebend designate of
+Canterbury so early as 1620:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1620, Sep. 8. Grant in reversion to Accepted Frewen of a prebend in
+Canterbury Cathedral.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. S. P. Dom.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>One more instance before we pass on. In two<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span> separate wills, dated 1602
+and 1604 (folio 25, Montagu, &#8220;Prerog. Ct. of Cant.,&#8221; and folio 25, Harte,
+ditto), will be found references to &#8220;More-fruite and Faint-not, children
+of Dudley Fenner, minister of the Word of God&#8221; at Marden, in Kent.</p>
+
+<p>Now, this Dudley Fenner was a thoroughly worthy man, but a fanatic of most
+intolerant type. In 1583 we find him at Cranbrook, in Kent. An account of
+his sayings and doings was forwarded, says Strype, to Lord Burghley, who
+himself marked the following passage:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Ye shall pray also that God would strike through the sides of all
+such as go about to take away from the ministers of the Gospel the
+liberty which is granted them by the Word of God.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>But a curious note occurs alongside this passage in Lord Burghley&#8217;s hand:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Names given in baptism by Dudley Fenner: Joy-againe, From-above,
+More-fruit, Dust.&#8221;&mdash;Whitgift, i. p. 247.</p></div>
+
+<p>Two of these names were given to his own children, as Cranbrook register
+shows to this day:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1583, Dec. 22. Baptized More-fruit, son of Mr. Dudley Fenner.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1585, June 6. Baptized Faint-not, fil. Mr. Dudley Fenner, concional
+digniss.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Soon after this Dudley Fenner again got into trouble through his sturdy
+spirit of nonconformity. After an imprisonment of twelve months, he fled
+to Middleborough, in Holland, and died there about 1589.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>The above incident from Strype is interesting, for here manifestly is the
+source whence Camden derived his information upon the subject. In his
+quaint &#8220;Remaines,&#8221; published thirty years later (1614), after alluding to
+the Latin names then in vogue, he adds:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;As little will be thought of the new names, Free-Gift, Reformation,
+Earth, Dust, Ashes, Delivery, More-fruit, Tribulation,
+The-Lord-is-near, More-triale, Discipline, Joy-againe, From-above,
+which have lately been given by some to their children, with no evill
+meaning, but upon some singular and precise conceite.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Very likely Lord Burghley gave Fenner&#8217;s selection to the great antiquary.</p>
+
+<p>Coming into London, the following case occurs. John Press was incumbent of
+St. Matthew, Friday Street, from 1573 to 1612:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1584. Baptized Purifie, son of Mr. John Presse, parson.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>John Bunyan&#8217;s great character name of <i>Hopeful</i> is to be seen in Banbury
+Church register. But such an eccentricity is to be expected in the parish
+over which Wheatley presided, the head-quarters, too, of extravagant
+Puritanism. We all remember drunken Barnaby:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;To Banbury came I, O prophane one!<br />
+Where I saw a Puritane one,<br />
+Hanging of his cat on Monday<br />
+For killing of a mouse on Sunday.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But the point I want to emphasize is that this <i>Hopeful</i> was Wheatley&#8217;s
+own daughter:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1604, Dec. 21. Baptized Hope-full, daughter of William Wheatlye.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>Take a run from Banbury into Leicestershire. A stern Puritan was Antony
+Grey, &#8220;parson and patron&#8221; of Burbach; and he continued &#8220;a constant and
+faithfull preacher of the Gospell of Jesus Christ, even to his extreame
+old age, and for some yeares after he was Earle of Kent,&#8221; as his tombstone
+tells us. He had twelve children, and their baptismal entries are worth
+recording:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1593, April 29. Grace, daughter of Mr. Anthonie Grey.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1594, Nov. 28. Henry, son of ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1596, Nov. 16. Magdalen, daughter of ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1598, May 8. Christian, daughter of ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1600, Feb. 2. Faith-my-joy, daughter of ditto.<a name='fna_34' id='fna_34' href='#f_34'><small>[34]</small></a></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1603, April 3. John, son of ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1604, Feb. 23. Patience, daughter of Myster Anthonie Grey, preacher.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1606, Oct. 5. Jobe, son of ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1608, May 1. Theophilus, son of ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1609, March 14. Priscilla, daughter of ditto (died).</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1613, Sept. 19. Nathaniel, son of ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1615, May 7. Presela, daughter of ditto.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Why old Antony was persuaded of the devil to christen his second child by
+the ungodly agnomen of Henry, we are not informed. It must have given him
+many a twinge of conscience afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>Had the Puritan clergy confined these vagaries to their own nurseries, it
+would not have mattered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> much. But there can be no doubt they used their
+influence to bias the minds of godparents and witnesses in the same
+direction. We have only to pitch upon a minister who came under the
+archbishop&#8217;s or Lord Treasurer&#8217;s notice as disaffected, seek out the
+church over which he presided, scan the register of baptisms during the
+years of his incumbency, and a batch of extravagant names will at once be
+unearthed. In the villages of Sussex and Kent, where the personal
+influence of the recalcitrant clergy seems to have been greatest, the
+parochial records teem with them.</p>
+
+<p>Thus was the final stage of fanaticism reached, the year 1580 being as
+nearly as possible the exact date of its development. Thus were English
+people being prepared for the influx of a large batch of names which had
+never been seen before, nor will be again. The purely Biblical names,
+those that commemorated Bible worthies, swept over the whole country, and
+left ineffaceable impressions. The second stage of Puritan excess, names
+that savour of eccentricity and fanaticism combined, scarcely reached
+England north of Trent, and, for lack of volume, have left but the
+faintest traces. They lasted long enough to cover what may be fairly
+called an epoch, and extended just far enough to embrace a province. The
+epoch<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> was a hundred years, and the province was from Kent to Hereford,
+making a small arc northwards, so as to take in Bedfordshire,
+Leicestershire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire. The practice, so far as
+the bolder examples is concerned, was a <i>deliberate scheme</i> on the part of
+the Presbyterian clergy. On this point the evidence is in all respects
+conclusive.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">III. <span class="smcap">Curious Names not Puritan.</span></p>
+
+<p>Several names found in the registers at this time, though commonly
+ascribed to the zealots, must be placed under a different category. For
+instance, original sin and the Ninth Article would seem to be commemorated
+in such a name as Original. We may reject Camden&#8217;s theory:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Originall may seem to be deducted from the Greek <i>origines</i>, that is,
+borne in good time,&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>inasmuch as he does not appear to have believed in it himself. The name,
+as a matter of fact, was given in the early part of the sixteenth century,
+in certain families of position, to the eldest son and heir, denoting that
+in him was carried on the original stock. The Bellamys of Lambcote Grange,
+Stainton, are a case in point. The eldest son for three generations bore
+the name; viz. <i>Original</i> Bellamy, buried at Stainton, September 12,
+1619,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> aged 80; <i>Original</i>, his son and heir, the record of whose death I
+cannot find; and <i>Original</i>, his son and heir, who was baptized December
+29, 1606. The first of these must have been born in 1539, far too early a
+date for the name to be fathered upon the Puritans. <i>Original</i> was in use
+in the family of Babington, of Rampton. Original Babington, son and heir
+of John Babington, was a contemporary of the first Original Bellamy
+(Nicholl&#8217;s &#8220;Gen. et Top.,&#8221; viii.).</p>
+
+<p>Another instance occurs later on:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1635, May 21. These under-written names are to be transported to St.
+Christopher&#8217;s, imbarqued in the <i>Matthew</i> of London, Richard Goodladd,
+master, per warrant from ye Earle of Carlisle:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Originall Lowis, 28 yeres,&#8221; etc.&mdash;Hotten&#8217;s &#8220;Emigrants,&#8221; p. 81.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Sense</i>, a common name in Elizabeth and James&#8217;s reigns, looks closely
+connected with some of the abstract virtues, such as Prudence and
+Temperance. The learned compiler of the &#8220;Calendar of State Papers&#8221;
+(1637-38) seems to have been much bothered with the name:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1638, April 23. Petition of Seuce Whitley, widow of Thomas Whitley,
+citizen, and grocer.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The suggestion from the editorial pen is that this Seuce (as he prints it)
+is a bewildered spelling of Susey, from Susan! The fact is, Seuce is a
+bewildered misreading on the compiler&#8217;s part of Sense, and Sense is an
+English dress of the foreign<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span> Senchia, or Sancho, still familiar to us in
+Sancho Panza. Several of the following entries will prove that Sense was
+too early an inmate of our registers to be a Puritan agnomen:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1564, Oct. 15. Baptized Saints, d. of Francis Muschamp.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1565, Nov. 25. Buried Sence, d. of ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1559, June 13. Married Matthew Draper and Sence Blackwell.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1570-1, Jan. 15. Baptized Sence, d. of John Bowyer.&#8221;&mdash;Camberwell
+Church.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1651. Zanchy Harvyn, Grocer&#8217;s Arms, Abbey Milton.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Tokens of
+Seventeenth Century.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1661, June. Petition of Mrs. Zanchy Mark.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p>That it was familiar to Camden in 1614 is clear:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Sanchia, from Sancta, that is, Holy.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Remaines,&#8221; p. 88.</p></div>
+
+<p>The name became obsolete by the close of the seventeenth century, and,
+being a saintly title, was sufficiently odious to the Presbyterians to be
+carefully rejected by them in the sixteenth century. Men who refused the
+Apostles their saintly title were not likely to stamp the same for life on
+weak flesh.<a name='fna_35' id='fna_35' href='#f_35'><small>[35]</small></a></p>
+
+<p>Nor can <i>Emanuel</i>, or <i>Angel</i>, be brought as charges against the Puritans.
+Both flatly contradicted Cartwright&#8217;s canon; yet both, and especially the
+former, have been attributed to the zealots. No<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span> names could have been
+more offensive to them than these. Even Adams, in his &#8220;Meditations upon
+the Creed,&#8221; while attacking his friends on their eccentricity in
+preferring &#8220;Safe-deliverance&#8221; to &#8220;Richard,&#8221; takes care to rebuke those on
+the other side, who would introduce <i>Emanuel</i>, or even <i>Gabriel</i> or
+<i>Michael</i>, into their nurseries:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Some call their sons <i>Emanuel</i>: this is too bold. The name is proper
+to Christ, therefore not to be communicated to any creature.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Emanuel</i> was imported from the Continent about 1500:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1545, March 19. Baptized Humphrey, son of Emanuell Roger.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p></div>
+
+<p>The same conclusion must be drawn regarding <i>Angel</i>. Adams continues:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Yea, it seems to me not fit for Christian humility to call a man
+<i>Gabriel</i> or <i>Michael</i>, giving the names of angels to the sons of
+mortality.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>If the Puritans objected, as they did to a man, to the use of Gabriel and
+Michael as angelic names, the generic term itself would be still more
+objectionable:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1645, Nov. 13. Buried Miss Angela Boyce.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1682, April 11. Baptized Angel, d. of Sir Nicholas Butler,
+K<sup>nt</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;St. Helen, Bishopgate.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Weymouth, March 20, 1635. Embarked for New England: Angell Holland,
+aged 21 years.&#8221;&mdash;Hotten&#8217;s &#8220;Emigrants,&#8221; p. 285.</p></div>
+
+<p>In this case we may presume the son, and not the father, had turned
+Puritan.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>A curious custom, which terminated soon after Protestantism was
+established in England, gave rise to several names which read oddly enough
+to modern eyes. These were titles like Vitalis or Creature&mdash;names
+applicable to either sex. Mr. Maskell, without furnishing instances, says
+Creature occurs in the registers of All-Hallows, Barking (&#8220;Hist.
+All-Hallows,&#8221; p. 62). In the vestry-books of Staplehurst, Kent, are
+registered:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1 Edward VI. Apryle xxvii., there were borne ii. childre of Alex&#8217;nder
+Beeryl: the one christened at home, and so deceased, called Creature;
+the other christened at church, called John.&#8221;&mdash;Burns, &#8220;History of
+Parish Registers,&#8221; p. 81.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1550, Nov. 5. Buried Creature, daughter of Agnes Mathews, syngle
+woman, the seconde childe.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1579, July 19. Married John Haffynden and Creature Cheseman, yong
+folke.&#8221;&mdash;Staplehurst, Kent.</p></div>
+
+<p>One instance of <i>Vitalis</i> may be given:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Vitalis, son of Richard Engaine, and Sara his wife, released his
+manor of Dagworth in 1217 to Margery de Cressi.&#8221;&mdash;Blomefield&#8217;s
+&#8220;Norfolk,&#8221; vi. 382, 383.</p></div>
+
+<p>These are not Puritan names. The dates are against the theory. They belong
+to a pre-Reformation practice, being names given to <i>quick children before
+birth</i>, in cases when it was feared, from the condition of the mother,
+they might not be delivered alive. Being christened before the sex could
+be known, it was necessary to affix a neutral name, and Vitalis or
+Creature answered the purpose. The old Romish rubric ran thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span>&#8220;Nemo in utero matris clausus baptizari debet, sed si infans caput
+emiserit, et periculum mortis immineat, baptizetur in capite, nec
+postea si vivus evaserit, erit iterum baptizandus. At si aliud membrum
+emiserit, quod vitalem indicet motum in illo, si periculum pendeat
+baptizetur,&#8221; etc.</p></div>
+
+<p>Vitalis Engaine and Creature Cheeseman, in the above instances, both
+lived, but, by the law just quoted, retained the names given to them, and
+underwent no second baptism. If the sex of the yet breathing child was
+discovered, but death certain, the name of baptism ran thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1563, July 17. Baptizata fuit in &aelig;dibus Mri Humfrey filia ejus qu&aelig;
+nominata fuit Creatura Christi.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter in the East, Oxford.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1563, July 17. Creatura Christi, filia Laurentii Humfredi
+sepulta.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p></div>
+
+<p>An English form occurs earlier:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1561, June 30. The Chylde-of-God, filius Ric. Stacey.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p></div>
+
+<p>Without entering into controversy, I will only say that if the clergy, up
+to the time of the alteration in our Article on Baptism, truly believed
+that &#8220;insomuch as infants, and children dying in their infancy, shall
+undoubtedly be saved thereby (<i>i.e.</i> baptism), <i>and else not</i>,&#8221; it was
+natural that such a delicate ceremonial as I have hinted at should have
+suggested itself to their minds. After the Reformation, the practice as to
+unborn children fell into desuetude, and the names with it.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center">IV. <span class="smcap">Instances.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center">(<i>a.</i>) <i>Latin Names.</i></p>
+
+<p>The elder Disraeli reminded us, in his &#8220;Curiosities of Literature,&#8221; that
+in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries it was common for our more
+learned pundits to re-style themselves in their own studies by Greek and
+Latin names. Some of these&mdash;as, for instance, Erasmus<a name='fna_36' id='fna_36' href='#f_36'><small>[36]</small></a> and
+Melancthon&mdash;are only known to the world at large by their adopted titles.</p>
+
+<p>The Reformation had not become an accomplished fact before this custom
+began to prevail in England, only it was transferred from the study to the
+font, and from scholars to babies. Renovata, Renatus, Donatus, and Beata
+began to grow common. Camden, writing in 1614, speaks of still stranger
+names&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;If that any among us have named their children Remedium, Amoris,
+&#8216;Imago-s&aelig;culi,&#8217; or with such-like names, I know some will think it
+more than a vanity.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Remaines,&#8221; p. 44.</p></div>
+
+<p>While, however, the Presbyterian clergy did not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span> object to some of these
+Latin sobriquets, as being identical with the names of early believers of
+the Primitive Church, stamped in not a few instances with the honours of
+martyrdom, they preferred to translate them into English. Many of my
+examples of eccentricity will be found to be nothing more than literal
+translations of names that had been in common vogue among Christians
+twelve and thirteen hundred years before. To the majority of the Puritan
+clergy, to change the Latin dress for an English equivalent would be as
+natural and imperative as the adoption of Tyndale&#8217;s or the Genevan Bible
+in the place of the Latin Vulgate.</p>
+
+<p>A curious, though somewhat later, proof of this statement is met with in a
+will from the Probate Court of Peterborough. The testator was one Theodore
+Closland, senior fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. The date is June
+24, 1665:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Item: to What-God-will Crosland, forty shillings, and tenn shillings
+to his wife. And to his sonne What-God-will, six pound, thirteen
+shillings, fourpence.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This is a manifest translation of the early Christian &#8220;Quod-vult-deus.&#8221;
+Grainger, in his &#8220;History of England&#8221; (iii. 360, fifth edition), says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;In Montfaucon&#8217;s &#8216;Diarium Italicum&#8217; (p. 270), is a sepulchral
+inscription of the year 396, upon Quod-vult-deus, a Christian, to
+which is a note: &#8216;Hoc &aelig;vo non pauci erant qui piis sententiolis nomina
+propria concinnarent, <i>v.g.</i> Quod-vult-deus, Deogratias, Habet-deum,
+Adeodatus.&#8217;&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span>Closland, or Crosland, the grandfather, was evidently a Puritan, with a
+horror of the Latin Vulgate, Latin Pope, and Latin everything. Hence the
+translation.</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless, the Puritans seem to have favoured Latin names at first. It
+was a break between the familiar sound of the old and the oddity of the
+new. Redemptus was less grotesque than Redeemed, and Renata than Renewed.
+The English equivalents soon ruled supreme, but for a generation or two,
+and in some cases for a century, the Latin names went side by side with
+them.</p>
+
+<p>Take Renatus, for instance:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1616, Sep. 29. Baptized Renatus, son of Renatus Byllett, gent.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1637-8, Jan. 12. Order of Council to Renatus Edwards, girdler, to
+shut up his shop in Lombard Street, because he is not a goldsmith.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1690, April 10. Petition of Renatus Palmer, who prays to be appointed
+surveyor in the port of Dartmouth.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1659, Nov. 11. Baptized Renovata, the daughter of John
+Durance.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>It was Renatus Harris who built the organ in All-Hallows, Barking, in 1675
+(&#8220;Hist. All-Hallows, Barking,&#8221; Maskell). Renatus and Rediviva occur in St.
+Matthew, Friday Street, circa 1590. Rediviva lingered into the eighteenth
+century:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1735, &mdash;&mdash;. Buried Rediviva Mathews.&#8221;&mdash;Banbury.</p></div>
+
+<p>Desiderata and Desiderius were being used at the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> close of Elizabeth&#8217;s
+reign, and survived the restoration of Charles II.:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1671, May 26. Baptized Desiderius Dionys, a poor child found in Lyme
+Street.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>Donatus and Deodatus, also, were Latin names on English soil before the
+seventeenth century came in:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1616, Jan. 29. Baptized Donate, vel Deonata, daughter of Martyn
+Donnacombe.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb Major.</p></div>
+
+<p>Desire and Given,<a name='fna_37' id='fna_37' href='#f_37'><small>[37]</small></a> the equivalents, both crossed the Atlantic with the
+Pilgrim Fathers.</p>
+
+<p><i>Love</i> was popular. Side by side with it went <i>Amor</i>. George Fox, in his
+&#8220;Journal,&#8221; writing in 1670, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;When I was come to Enfield, I went first to visit Amor Stoddart, who
+lay very weak and almost speechless. Within a few days Amor
+died.&#8221;&mdash;Ed. 1836, ii. 129.</p></div>
+
+<p>In Ripon Cathedral may be seen:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Amor Oxley, died Nov. 23, 1773, aged 74.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The name still exists in Yorkshire, but no other county, I imagine.</p>
+
+<p>Other instances could be mentioned.<a name='fna_38' id='fna_38' href='#f_38'><small>[38]</small></a> I place a few in order:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1594, Aug. 3. Baptized Relictus Dunstane, a childe found in this
+parisshe.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dunstan.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span>&#8220;1613, Nov. 7. Baptized Beata, d. of Mr. John Briggs,
+minister.&#8221;&mdash;Witherley, Leic.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1653, Sep. 29. Married Richard Moone to Benedicta Rolfe.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1661, May 25. Married Edward Clayton and Melior<a name='fna_39' id='fna_39' href='#f_39'><small>[39]</small></a> Billinge.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis, Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1706. Beata Meetkirke, born Nov. 2, 1705; died Sep. 10,
+1706.&#8221;&mdash;Rushden, Hereford.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>b.</i>) <i>Grace Names.</i></p>
+
+<p>In furnishing instances, we naturally begin with those grace names, in all
+cases culled from the registers of the period, which belong to what we may
+style the first stage. They were, one by one, but taken from the lists
+found in the New Testament, and were probably suggested at the outset by
+the moralities or interludes. The morality went between the old
+miracle-play, or mystery, and the regular drama. In &#8220;Every Man,&#8221; written
+in the reign of Henry VIII., it is made a vehicle for retaining the love
+of the people for the old ways, the old worship, and the old
+superstitions. From the time of Edward VI. to the middle of Elizabeth&#8217;s
+reign, there issued a cluster of interludes of this same moral type and
+cast; only all breathed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span> of the new religion, and more or less assaulted
+the dogmas of Rome.</p>
+
+<p>These moralities were popular, and were frequently rendered in public,
+until the Elizabethan drama was well established. All were allegorical,
+and required personal representatives of the abstract graces, and
+doctrines of which they treated. The <i>dramatis person&aelig;</i> in &#8220;Hickscorner&#8221;
+are Freewill, Perseverance, Pity, Contemplation, and Imagination, and in
+&#8220;The Interlude of Youth,&#8221; Humility, Pride, Charity, and Lechery.</p>
+
+<p>It is just possible, therefore, that several of these grace names were
+originated under the shadow of the pre-Reformation Church. The following
+are early, considering they are found in Cornwall, the county most likely
+to be the last to take up a new custom:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1549, July 1. Baptized Patience, d. of Will<sup>m</sup>. Haygar.&#8221;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1553, May 29. Baptized Honour, d. of Robert Sexton.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb
+Major.</p></div>
+
+<p>However this may be, we only find the cardinal virtues at the beginning of
+the movement&mdash;those which are popular in some places to this day, and
+still maintain a firm hold in America, borne thither by the Puritan
+emigrants.</p>
+
+<p>The three Graces, and Grace itself, took root almost immediately as
+favourites. Shakespeare seems to have been aware of it, for Hermione
+says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="poem"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span>
+&#8220;My last good deed was to entreat his stay:<br />
+What was my first? It has an elder sister,<br />
+Or I mistake you&mdash;O would her name were Grace!&#8221;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">&#8220;Winter&#8217;s Tale,&#8221; Act i. sc. 2.</span></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1565, March 19. Christening of Grace, daughter of &mdash; Hilles.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1574, Jan. 29. Baptized Grace, daughter of John Russell.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb
+Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1588, Aug. 1. Married Thomas Wood and Faythe Wilson.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1565, &mdash;&mdash;. Baptized Faith, daughter of Thomas and Agnes
+Blomefield.&#8221;&mdash;Rushall, Norfolk.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1567, Aprill 17. Christening of Charity, daughter of Randoll
+Burchenshaw.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1571, &mdash;&mdash;. Baptized Charity, daughter of Thomas
+Blomefield.&#8221;&mdash;Rushall, Norfolk.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1598, Nov. 19. Baptized Hope, d. of John Mainwaringe.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1636, Nov. 25. Buried Hope, d. of Thomas Alford, aged 23.&#8221;&mdash;Drayton,
+Leicester.</p></div>
+
+<p>The registers of the sixteenth and seventeenth century teem with these;
+sometimes boys received them. The Rev. Hope Sherhard was a minister in
+Providence Isle in 1632 (&#8220;Cal. S. P. Colonial,&#8221; 1632).</p>
+
+<p>We may note that the still common custom of christening trine-born
+children by these names dates from the period of their rise:<a name='fna_40' id='fna_40' href='#f_40'><small>[40]</small></a></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1639, Sep. 7. Baptized Faith, Hope, and Charity, daughters of George
+Lamb, and Alice his wife.&#8221;&mdash;Hillingdon.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span>&#8220;1666, Feb. 22. &mdash; Finch, wife of &mdash; Finch, being delivered of three
+children, two of them were baptized, one called Faith, and the other
+Hope; and the third was intended to be called Charity, but died
+unbaptized.&#8221;&mdash;Cranford. <i>Vide</i> Lyson&#8217;s &#8220;Middlesex,&#8221; p. 30.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Lower says (&#8220;Essays on English Surnames,&#8221; ii. 159)&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;At Charlton, Kent, three female children produced at one birth
+received the names of Faith, Hope, and Charity.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Thomas Adams, in his sermon on the &#8220;Three Divine Sisters,&#8221; says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;They shall not want prosperity,<br />
+That keep faith, hope, and charity.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps some of these parents remembered this.</p>
+
+<p>Faith and Charity are both mentioned as distinctly Puritan sobriquets in
+the &#8220;Psalm of Mercie,&#8221; a political poem:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;A match,&#8217; quoth my sister Joyce,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;Contented,&#8217; quoth Rachel, too:</span><br />
+Quoth Abigaile, &#8216;Yea,&#8217; and Faith, &#8216;Verily,&#8217;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Charity, &#8216;Let it be so.&#8217;&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Love</i>, as the synonym of Charity, was also a favourite. Love Atkinson
+went out to Virginia with the early refugees (Hotten, &#8220;Emigrants,&#8221; p. 68).</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1631-2, Jan. 31. Buried Love, daughter of William Ballard.&#8221;&mdash;Berwick,
+Sussex.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1740, April 30. Buried Love Arundell.&#8221;&mdash;Racton, Sussex.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1749, May 31. Love Luckett admitted a freeman by
+birthright.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;History of Town and Port of Rye,&#8221; p. 237.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1662, May 7. Baptized Love, d. of Mr. Richard Appletree.&#8221;&mdash;Banbury.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span>Besides Love and Charity, other variations were Humanity and Clemency:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1637, March 8. Bond of William Shaw, junior, and Thomas Snelling,
+citizens and turners, to Humanity Mayo, of St. Martin-in-the-Fields,
+in &pound;100 0 0.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1625, Aug. 27. Buried Clemency Chawncey.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>Clemency was pretty, and deserved to live; but Mercy seems to have
+monopolized the honours, and, by the aid of John Bunyan&#8217;s heroine in the
+&#8220;Pilgrim&#8217;s Progress,&#8221; still has her admirers. Instances are needless, but
+I furnish one or two for form&#8217;s sake. They shall be late ones:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1702, Sep. 28. Married Matthias Wallraven and Mercy Waymarke.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1716, May 25. Married Thomas Day and Mercy Parsons, of
+Staplehurst.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>But there were plenty of virtues left. Prudence had such a run, that she
+became Pru in the sixteenth, and Prudentia in the seventeenth century:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1574, June 30. Buried Prudence, d. of John Mayhew.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1612, Aug. 2. Married Robert Browne and Prudence Coxe.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>Justice is hard to separate from the legal title; but here is an instance:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1660, July 16. Richard Bickley and Justice Willington reported guilty
+of embezzling late king&#8217;s goods.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Cal. St. P. Dom.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Truth, Constancy, Honour, and Temperance were frequently personified at
+the font. Temperance<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> had the shortest life; but, if short, it was merry.
+There is scarcely a register, from Gretna Green to St. Michael&#8217;s, without
+it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1615, Feb. 25. Baptized Temperance, d. of &mdash; Osberne.&#8221;&mdash;Hawnes,
+Bedford.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1610, Aug. 14. Baptized Temperance, d. of John Goodyer.&#8221;&mdash;Banbury.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1611, Nov. &mdash;. Baptized Temperance, d. of Robert
+Carpinter.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1619, July 22. Married Gyles Rolles to Temperance Blinco.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Constance,<a name='fna_41' id='fna_41' href='#f_41'><small>[41]</small></a> Constancy, and Constant were common, it will be seen, to
+both sexes:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1593, Sep. 29. Buried Constancy, servant with Mr. Coussin.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1629, Dec. Petition of Captain Constance Ferrar, for losses at Cape
+Breton.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. S. P. Colonial.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1665, May 25. Communication from Constance Pley to the Commissioners
+in relation to the arrival of a convoy.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1665, May 31. Grant to Edward Halshall of &pound;225 0 0, forfeited by
+Connistant Cant, of Lynn Regis, for embarking wool to Guernsey not
+entered in the Custom House.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1671, Sep. 2. Buried Constant Sylvester, Esquire.&#8221;&mdash;Brampton, Hunts.</p></div>
+
+<p>Patience, too, was male as well as female. Sir Patience Warde was Lord
+Mayor of London in 1681. Thus the weaker vessels were not allowed to
+monopolize the graces. How familiar some of these abstract names had
+become, the Cavalier<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> shall tell us in his parody of the sanctimonious
+Roundheads&#8217; style:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;Ay, marry,&#8217; quoth Agatha,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Temperance, eke, also:</span><br />
+Quoth Hannah, &#8216;It&#8217;s just,&#8217; and Mary, &#8216;It must,&#8217;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;And shall be,&#8217; quoth Grace, &#8216;I trow.&#8217;&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>Several &#8220;Truths&#8221; occur in the &#8220;Chancery Suits&#8221; of Elizabeth, and the Greek
+Alathea arose with it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1595, June 27. Faith and Truth, gemini, &mdash; John Johnson,
+bapt.&#8221;&mdash;Wath, Ripon.</p></div>
+
+<p>Alathea lasted till the eighteenth century was well-nigh out:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1701, Dec. 4. Francis Milles to Alathea Wilton.&#8221;&mdash;West. Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1720, Sep. 18. Buried Alydea, wife of Will<sup>m</sup>. Gough, aged 42
+years.&#8221;&mdash;Harnhill, Glouc.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1786, Oct. 6. Died Althea, wife of Thomas Heberden,
+prebendary.&#8221;&mdash;Exeter Cath.<a name='fna_42' id='fna_42' href='#f_42'><small>[42]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span>Honour, of course, became Honora, in the eighteenth century, and has
+retained that form:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1583, Aug. 24. Baptized Honor, daughter of Thomas Teage.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb
+Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1614, July 4. Baptized Honour, d. of John Baylye, of
+Radcliffe.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1667, Oct. 9. Christened Mary, d. of Sir John and Lady Honour
+Huxley.&#8221;&mdash;Hammersmith.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1722, Oct. 4. Christened Martha, d. of John and Honoria Hart.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>Sir Thomas Carew, Speaker of the Commons in James&#8217;s and Charles&#8217;s reign,
+had a wife Temperance, and four daughters, Patience, Temperance, Silence,
+and Prudence (Lodge&#8217;s &#8220;Illust.,&#8221; iii. 37). Possibly, as Speaker, he had
+had better opportunity to observe that these were the four cardinal
+parliamentary virtues, especially Silence. This last was somewhat popular,
+and seems to have got curtailed to &#8220;Sill,&#8221; as Prudence to &#8220;Pru,&#8221; and
+Constance to &#8220;Con.&#8221; In the Calendar of &#8220;State Papers&#8221; (June 21, 1666), a
+man named Taylor, writing to another named Williamson, wishes &#8220;his brother
+Sill would come and reap the sweets of Harwich.&#8221; Writing again, five days
+later, he asks &#8220;after his brother, Silence Taylor.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>This was one of the names that crossed the Atlantic and became a fixture
+in America (Bowditch). It is not, however, to be confounded with Sill,
+that is, Sybil, in the old Cavalier chorus:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span>
+&#8220;&#8216;And God blesse King Charles,&#8217; quoth George,<br />
+&#8216;And save him,&#8217; says Simon and Sill.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Silence is one of the few Puritan names that found its way into the north
+of England:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1741, Dec. 9. Married Robert Thyer to Silence Leigh.&#8221;&mdash;St. Ann,
+Manchester.</p></div>
+
+<p>The mother of Silence Leigh, who was a widow when she married, was Silence
+Beswicke (&#8220;Memorials of St. Ann, Manchester,&#8221; p. 55).<a name='fna_43' id='fna_43' href='#f_43'><small>[43]</small></a> The name is
+found again in the register of Youlgreave Church, Derbyshire (<i>Notes and
+Queries</i>, Feb. 17, 1877). Curiously enough, we find Camden omitting
+Silence as a female name of his day, but inserting Tace. In his list of
+feminine baptismal names, compiled in 1614 (&#8220;Remaines,&#8221; p. 89), he has</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Tace&mdash;Be silent&mdash;a fit name to admonish that sex of silence.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Here, then, is another instance of a Latin name translated into English. I
+have lighted on a case proving the antiquary&#8217;s veracity:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Here lieth the body of Tacey, the wife of George Can, of Brockwear,
+who departed this life 22 day of Feb., An. Dom. 1715, aged 32
+years.&#8221;&mdash;Hewelsfield, Glouc.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span>Tace must have lasted a century, therefore. Silence may be set down to
+some old Puritan stickler for the admonition of Saint Paul: &#8220;Let the woman
+learn in silence, with all subjection&#8221; (1 Tim. ii. 11).</p>
+
+<p>The Epistle to the Romans was a never-failing well-spring to the earnest
+Puritan, and one passage was much applied to his present condition:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through
+our Lord Jesus Christ: by whom also we have access by faith unto this
+grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God. And
+not only so, but we glory in tribulations also: knowing that
+tribulation worketh patience; and patience, experience; and
+experience, hope: and hope maketh not ashamed.&#8221;&mdash;v. 1-5.</p></div>
+
+<p>There is scarcely a word in this passage that is not inscribed on our
+registers between 1575 and 1595. Faith, Grace, and Hope have already been
+mentioned;<a name='fna_44' id='fna_44' href='#f_44'><small>[44]</small></a> Camden testified to the existence of Tribulation in 1614;
+Rejoice was very familiar; Patience, of course, was common:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1592, July 7. Buried Patience Birche.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1596, Oct. 3. Baptized Pacience, daughter of Martin Tome.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1599, April 23. Baptized Patience, d. of John Harmer.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>Even <i>Experience</i> is found&mdash;a strange title for an infant.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span>&#8220;The Rev. Experience Mayhew, A.M., born Feb. 5, 1673; died of an
+apoplexy, Nov. 9, 1758.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>So ran the epitaph of a missionary (<i>vide Pulpit</i>, Dec. 6, 1827) to the
+Vineyard Island. It had been handed on to him, no doubt, from some
+grandfather or grandmother of Elizabeth&#8217;s closing days.</p>
+
+<p>A late instance of <i>Diligence</i> occurs in St. Peter, Cornhill:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1724, Nov. 1. Buried Diligence Constant.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Obedience had a good run, and began very early:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1573, Sep. 20. Bapt. Obedience, dather of Thomas Garding.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1586, Aug. 28. Bapt. Obedyence, dather of Richard Ellis.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1697, April 30. Bapt. Robert, son of James and Obedience Clark.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+James, Picadilly.</p></div>
+
+<p>Obedience Robins is the name of a testator in 1709 (Wills: Archdeaconry of
+London), while the following epitaph speaks for itself:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Obedience Newitt, wife of Thomas Newitt, died in 1617, aged 32.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Her name and nature did accord,<br />
+Obedient was she to her Lord.&#8221;&mdash;Burwash, Sussex.</p></div>
+
+<p>&#8220;Add to your faith, virtue,&#8221; says the Apostle. As a name this grace was
+late in the field:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1687, May 25. Married Virtue Radford and Susannah Wright.&#8221;&mdash;West.
+Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1704, Oct. 20. Buried Virtue, wife of John Higgison.&#8221;&mdash;Marshfield,
+Glouc.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1709, May 6. Buried Vertue Page.&#8221;&mdash;Finchley.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span>Confidence and Victory were evidently favourites:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1587, Jan. 8. Baptized Confydence, d. of Roger Elliard.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1770, Nov. 17, died Confidence, wife of John Thomas, aged 61
+years.&#8221;&mdash;Bulley, Glouc.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1587, Feb. 8. Buryed Vyctorye Buttres.&#8221;&mdash;Elham, Kent.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1618, Dec. 9. Buryed Victorye Lussendine.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1696, May 17. Bapt. Victory, d. of Joseph Gibbs.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Perseverance</i> went out with the emigrants to New England, but I do not
+find any instance in the home registers. <i>Felicity</i> appeared in one of our
+law courts last year, so it cannot be said to be extinct; but there is a
+touch of irony in the first of the following examples:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1604-5, March 15. Baptized Felicity, d. of John Barnes,
+vagarant.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1590, July 5. Baptized Felycyte Harris.&#8221;&mdash;Cranbrook.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Comfort</i> has a pleasant atmosphere about it, and many a parent was
+tempted to the use of it. It lingered longer than many of its rivals.
+Comfort Farren&#8217;s epitaph may be seen on the floor of Tewkesbury Abbey:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Comfort, wife of Abraham Farren, gent., of this Corporation, died
+August 24, 1720.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Again, in Dymock Church we find:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;<i>Comfort</i>, wife to William Davis, died 14 June, 1775, aged 78 years.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<i>Comfort</i>, their daughter, died 9 Feb., 1760, aged 24 years.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Nearly 150 years before this, however, Comfort<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> Starr was a name not
+unknown to the more heated zealots of the Puritan party. He was a native
+of Ashford, in Kent, and after various restless shiftings as a minister,
+Carlisle being his head-quarters for a time, went to New Plymouth in the
+<i>Mayflower</i>, in 1620. There he became fellow of Harvard College, but
+returned to England eventually, and died at Lewes in his eighty-seventh
+year.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps the most interesting and popular of the grace names was
+&#8220;Repentance.&#8221; In a &#8220;new interlude&#8221; of the Reformation, entitled the &#8220;Life
+and Repentance of Marie Magdalene,&#8221; and published in 1567, one of the
+chief characters was &#8220;Repentance.&#8221; At the same time Repentance came into
+font use, and, odd as it may sound, bade fair to become a permanently
+recognized name in England:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1583, Dec. 8. Married William Arnolde and Repentance Pownoll.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1587, Oct. 22. Baptized Repentance, dather of George
+Aysherst.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1588, June 30. Baptized Repentance Water.&#8221;&mdash;Cranbrook.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1597, Aug. 4. Baptized Repentance, daughter of Robert Benham, of
+Lymhouse.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1612, March 26. Baptized Repentance Wrathe.&#8221;&mdash;Elham, Kent.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1688, Dec. 23. Bapt. Repentance, son of Thomas and Mercy
+Tompson.&#8221;&mdash;St. James, Piccadilly.</p></div>
+
+<p>In the &#8220;Sussex Arch&aelig;ological Collections&#8221; (xvii.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> 148) is found recorded
+the case of Repentance Hastings, deputy portreeve of Seaford, who in 1643
+was convicted of hiding some wreckage:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Repentance Hastings, 1 load, 1 cask, 2 pieces of royals.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Evidently his repentance began too early in life to be lasting; but infant
+piety could not be expected to resist the hardening influence of such a
+name as this.<a name='fna_45' id='fna_45' href='#f_45'><small>[45]</small></a></p>
+
+<p><i>Humiliation</i> was a big word, and that alone must have been in its favour:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1629, Jan. 24. Married Humiliation Hinde and Elizabeth Phillips by
+banes.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>Humiliation, being proud of his name, determined to retain it in the
+family&mdash;for he had one&mdash;but as he had began to worship at St. Dionis
+Backchurch, the entries of baptism lie there, the spelling of his surname
+being slightly altered:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1630, Nov. 18. Baptized Humiliation, son of Humiliation Hyne.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This son died March 11, 1631-2. Humiliation <i>p&egrave;re</i>, however, did not
+sorrow without hope, for in a few years he again brings a son to the
+parson:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1637-8, Jan. 21. Baptized Humiliation, son of Humiliation Hinde.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span>Humility is preferable to Humiliation. Humility Cooper was one of a
+freight of passengers in the <i>Mayflower</i>, who, in 1620, sought a home in
+the West. A few years afterwards Humility Hobbs followed him (Hotten,
+&#8220;Emigrants,&#8221; p. 426):</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1596, March 13. Baptized Humilitye, sonne of Wylliam
+Jones.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1688, May 5. Buried Humility, wife of Humphey Paget.&#8221;&mdash;Peckleton,
+Leic.</p></div>
+
+<p>Had it not been for Charles Dickens, Humble would not have appeared
+objectionable:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1666-1667, Jan. 29. Petition of Dame Frances, wife of Humble Ward,
+Lord Ward, Baron, of Birmingham.&#8221;<a name='fna_46' id='fna_46' href='#f_46'><small>[46]</small></a>&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p>All Saints, Leicester, records another saintly grace:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Here lieth the body of Abstinence Pougher, Esq., who died Sept. 5,
+1741, aged 62 years.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>In some cases we find the infant represented, not by a grace-name, but as
+in a state of grace. Every register contains one or two Godlies:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1579, July 24. Baptized Godlye, d. of Richard Fauterell.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1611, May 1. Baptized Godly, d. of Henry Gray, and Joane his wife.
+Joane Standmer and Godly Gotherd, sureties.&#8221;&mdash;South Bersted, Sussex.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1619, Nov. Baptized Godly, d. of Thomas Edwardes, of
+Poplar.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span>&#8220;1632, Oct. 30. Married John Wafforde to Godly Spicer.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>Gracious is as objectionable as Godly. Gracious Owen was President of St.
+John&#8217;s College, Oxford, during the decade 1650-1660.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Oct. 24, 1661. Examination of Gracious Franklin: Joshua Jones,
+minister at the Red Lion, Fleet Street, told him that he heard there
+were 3000 men about the city maintained by Presbyterian
+ministers.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Lively</i>, we may presume, referred to spiritual manifestations. A curious
+combination of font name and patronymic is obtained in Lively Moody, D.D.,
+of St. John&#8217;s College, Cambridge, 1682 (Wood&#8217;s &#8220;Fasti Oxonienses&#8221;).
+Exactly one hundred years later the name is met with again:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1782, July 3. Lively Clarke of this town, sadler, aged
+60.&#8221;&mdash;Berkeley, Gloucester.</p></div>
+
+<p>At Warbleton, where the Puritan Heley ministered, it seems to have been
+found wearisome to be continually christening children by the names of
+Repent and Repentance, so a variation was made in the form of
+&#8220;Sorry-for-sin:&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1589, Jan 25. Baptized Sory-for-sine, the dather of John Coupard.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The following is curious:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Thomas Luxford, of Windmill Hill, died Feb. 24, 1739, aged 72 years.
+He was grandson of Thomas Luxford, of Windmill Hill, by <i>Changed</i>
+Collins, his wife, daughter of Thomas Collins, of Socknash in this
+county, Esq., and eldest son of Richard Luxford, of
+Billinghurst.&#8221;&mdash;Wartling Church.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span>Faithful<a name='fna_47' id='fna_47' href='#f_47'><small>[47]</small></a> may close this list:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1640, Oct. 18. Baptized Benjamin, son of Faithful Bishop.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Columb Major.</p></div>
+
+<p>Faithful Rouse settled in New England in 1644 (Bowditch). The following
+despatch mentions another:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1666, July 18. Major Beversham and Lieut. Faithful Fortescue are sent
+from Ireland to raise men.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p>Bunyan evidently liked it, and gave the name to the martyr of Vanity Fair:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive;<br />
+For though they killed thee, thou art yet alive.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Speaking from a nomenclatural point of view, the name did not survive, for
+the last instance I have met with is that of Faithful Meakin, curate of
+Mobberley, Cheshire, in 1729 (Earwaker, &#8220;East Cheshire,&#8221; p. 99, <i>n.</i>). It
+had had a run of more than a century, however.</p>
+
+<p>The reader will have observed that the majority of these names have become
+obsolete. The religious apathy of the early eighteenth century was against
+them. They seem to have made their way slowly westward. Certainly their
+latest representatives are to be found in the more retired villages of
+Gloucestershire and Devonshire. A few like Mercy, Faith, Hope, Charity,
+Grace, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span> Prudence, still survive, and will probably for ever command a
+certain amount of patronage; but they are much more popular in our
+religious story-books than the church registers. The absence of the rest
+is no great loss, I imagine.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>c.</i>) <i>Exhortatory Names.</i></p>
+
+<p>The zealots of Elizabeth&#8217;s later days began to weary of names that merely
+made household words of the apostolic virtues. Many of these sobriquets
+had become popular among the unthinking and careless. They began to stamp
+their offspring with exhortatory sentences, pious ejaculations, brief
+professions of godly sorrow for sin, or exclamations of praise for mercies
+received. I am bound to confess, however, that the prevailing tone of
+these names is rather contradictory of the picture of gloomy sourness
+drawn by the facile pens of Macaulay and Walter Scott. &#8217;Tis true, Anger
+and Wrath existed:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1654. Wroth Rogers to be placed on the Commission of Scandalous
+Ministers.&#8221;&mdash;Scobell&#8217;s &#8220;Acts and Ord. Parl.,&#8221; 1658.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1680, Dec. 22. Buried Anger Bull, packer.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>I dare say he was familiarly termed Angry Bull, like &#8220;Savage Bear,&#8221; a
+gentleman of Kent who was living at the same time, mentioned elsewhere in
+these pages. Nevertheless, in the exhortatory names there is a general air
+of cheerful assurance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span>The most celebrated name of this class is Praise-God Barebone. I cannot
+find his baptismal entry. A collection of verses was compiled by one
+Fear-God Barbon, of Daventry (Harleian M.S. 7332). This cannot have been
+his father, as we have evidence that the leatherseller was born about
+1596, and, allowing his parent to be anything over twenty, the date would
+be too early for exhortatory names like Fear-God. We may presume,
+therefore, he was a brother. Two other brothers are said to have been
+entitled respectively, &#8220;Jesus-Christ-came-into-the-world-to-save
+Barebone,&#8221; and &#8220;If-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned
+Barebone.&#8221; I say &#8220;entitled,&#8221; for I doubt whether either received such a
+long string of words in baptism. Brook, in his &#8220;History of the Puritans,&#8221;
+implies they were; Hume says that both were <i>adopted</i> names, and adds, in
+regard to the latter, that his acquaintance were so wearied with its
+length, that they styled him by the last word as &#8220;Damned Barebone.&#8221; The
+editor of <i>Notes and Queries</i> (March 15, 1862) says that, &#8220;as his morals
+were not of the best,&#8221; this abbreviated form &#8220;appeared to suit him better
+than his entire baptismal prefix.&#8221; Whether the title was given at the font
+or adopted, there is no doubt that he was familiarly known as Dr. Damned
+Barebone. This was more curt than courteous.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span>Of Praise-God&#8217;s history little items have leaked out. He began life as a
+leatherseller in Fleet Street, and owned a house under the sign of the
+&#8220;Lock and Key,&#8221; in the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-West. He was admitted
+a freeman of the Leathersellers&#8217; Company, January 20, 1623. He was a Fifth
+Monarchy man, if a tract printed in 1654, entitled &#8220;A Declaration of
+several of the Churches of Christ, and Godly People, in and about the City
+of London,&#8221; etc., which mentions &#8220;the Church which walks with Mr.
+Barebone,&#8221; refers to him. This, however, may be Fear-God Barebone.
+Praise-God was imprisoned after the Restoration, but after a while
+released, and died, at the age of eighty or above, in obscurity. His life,
+which was not without its excitements, was spent in London, and possibly
+his baptismal entry will be found there.</p>
+
+<p>A word or two about his surname. The elder Disraeli says (&#8220;Curiosities of
+Literature&#8221;)&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;There are unfortunate names, which are very injurious to the cause in
+which they are engaged; for instance, the long Parliament in
+Cromwell&#8217;s time, called by derision the Rump, was headed by one
+Barebones, a leatherseller.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Isaac Disraeli has here perpetuated a mistake. Barebone&#8217;s Parliament was
+the Parliament of Barebone, not Barebones. Peck, in his &#8220;Desiderata
+Curiosa,&#8221; speaking of a member of the family who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span> died in 1646, styles him
+Mr. Barborne; while Echard writes the name Barbon, when referring to Dr.
+Barbon, one of the chief rebuilders of the city of London after the Fire.
+Between Barebones and Barbon is a wide gap, and Barbon&#8217;s Parliament
+suggests nothing ludicrous whatsoever. Yet (if we set aside the baptismal
+name) what an amount of ridicule has been cast over this same Parliament
+on account of a surname which in reality has been made to meet the
+occasion. No historian has heaped more sarcasm on the &#8220;Rump&#8221; than Hume,
+but he never styles the leatherseller as anything but &#8220;Barebone.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But while <i>Praise-God</i> has obtained exceptional notoriety, not so
+<i>Faint-not</i>, and yet there was a day when Faint-not bade fair to take its
+place as a regular and recognized name. I should weary the reader did I
+furnish a full list of instances. Here are a few:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1585, March 6. Baptized Faynt-not, d. of James Browne.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1590, Jan. 17. Baptized Faynt-not Wood.&#8221;&mdash;Cranbrook.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1631, &mdash;&mdash;. Thomas Perse married Faint-not Kennarde.&#8221;&mdash;Chiddingly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1642, Aug. 2. Married John Pierce and Faint-not Polhill,
+widow.&#8221;&mdash;Burwash, Sussex.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Faint-not Polhill was mother of Edward Polhill, a somewhat celebrated
+writer of his day. She married her first husband December 11, 1616.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span>&#8220;1678, Feb. 12. Buried Faint-not Blatcher, a poor old
+widdow.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>The rents of certain houses which provided an exhibition for the boys of
+Lewes Grammar School were paid in 1692 as usual. One item is set down as
+follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Faint-not Batchelor&#8217;s house, per annum, &pound;6 0 0.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Hist. and Ant.
+Lewes,&#8221; i. 311.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Faint-not</i> occurs in Maresfield Church (&#8220;Suss. Arch. Coll.,&#8221; xiv. 151).
+We have already referred to Faint-not, the daughter of &#8220;Dudley Fenner,
+minister of the Word of God&#8221; at Marden, Kent.</p>
+
+<p>Fear-not was also in use. The Rector of Warbleton baptized one of his own
+children by the name; some of his parishioners copied him:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1594, Nov. 10. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Richard Maye.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1589, Oct. 19. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Will<sup>m</sup>. Browne.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Decidedly cheerful were such names as Hope-still or Hopeful. Both occur in
+Banbury Church. Hopeful Wheatley has already been mentioned.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1611, June 16. Baptized Hope-still, d. to Edward Peedle.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1697, Dec. 30. Buried Hope-still Faxon, a olde mayde.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Whether or no her matrimonial expectations were still high to the end, we
+are not told.</p>
+
+<p>One of the earliest Pilgrim Fathers was Hope-still Foster (Hotten, p. 68).
+He went out to New England about 1620. His name became a common<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span> one out
+there. Two bearers of the name at home lived so long that it reached the
+Georges:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Near this place is interred the body of John Warden, of Butler&#8217;s
+Green in this parish, Esq., who died April 30, 1730, aged 79 years;
+and also of <i>Hope-still</i>, his wife, who died July 22, 1749, aged
+92.&#8221;&mdash;Cuckfield Church, Sussex.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Dec. 1, 1714. Administration of goods of Michael Watkins, granted to
+Hope-still Watkins, his widow.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p>In the list of incumbents of Lydney, Gloucestershire, will be found the
+name of <i>Help-on-high</i> Foxe, who was presented to the living by the Dean
+and Chapter of Hereford in 1660. For some reason or other, possibly to
+curtail the length, he styled himself in general as Hope-well, and this
+was retained on his tomb:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Hic in Cristo quiescit Hope-wel Foxe, in artibus magister, hujus
+ecclesi&aelig; vicarius vigilantissimus qui obiit 2 die Aprilis,
+1662.&#8221;&mdash;Bigland&#8217;s &#8220;Monuments of Gloucester.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>How quickly such names were caught up by parishioners from their clergy
+may again be seen in the case of Hope-well Voicings, of Tetbury, who left
+a rentcharge of &pound;1 for the charity schools at Cirencester in 1720.
+Probably he was christened by the vicar himself at Lydney.</p>
+
+<p>We have already mentioned Rejoice Lord, of Salehurst. The name had a
+tremendous run:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1647, June 22. Buried Rejoice, daughter of John Harvey.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1679, Oct. 18. Baptized Rejoice, daughter of Nicholas
+Wratten.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span><i>Rejoice</i> reached the eighteenth century:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1713, Sep. 29. Married John Pimm, of St. Dunstan&#8217;s, Cant., to
+<i>Rejoice</i> Epps, of the precincts of this church.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Magnify</i> and <i>Give-thanks</i> frequently occur in Warbleton register:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1595, Dec. 7. Buried Gyve-thanks Bentham, a child.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1593, M<sup>ch</sup>. 11. Baptized Give-thanks, the dather of Thomas Elliard.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1591, Feb. 6. Baptized Magnyfy, sonne of William Freeland.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1587, Sep. 17. Baptized Magnyfye, sonne of Thomas Beard.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1587, April 2. Baptized Give-thankes, sonne of Thomas Cunsted.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>It is from the same register we obtain examples of an exhortatory name
+known to have existed at this time, viz. &#8220;Be-thankful.&#8221; A dozen cases
+might be cited:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1586, Feb. 6. Baptized Be-thankfull, the dather of Abell Tyerston.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1601, Nov. 8. Baptized Be-thankfull, d. of James Gyles.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1617, Nov. 27. Married Thomas Flatt and Be-thankefull Baker.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1662, May 9. Buried Be-thankeful Giles.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Thus Miss Giles bore her full name for over sixty years: and, I dare say,
+was very proud of it.<a name='fna_48' id='fna_48' href='#f_48'><small>[48]</small></a></p>
+
+<p>Besides Be-thankful, there was &#8220;Be-strong:&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1592, Nov. 26. Baptized Be-strong Philpott.&#8221;&mdash;Cranbrook.</p></div>
+
+<p>Many of the exhortatory names related to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> fallen nature of man. One
+great favourite at Warbleton was &#8220;Sin-deny.&#8221; It was coined first by Heley,
+the Puritan rector, in 1588, for one of his own daughters. Afterwards the
+entries are numerous. Two occur in one week:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>
+&#8220;1592, April 23. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of Richard Tebb.<br />
+<br />
+&#8220;<span class="spacer">&nbsp;</span>"<span class="spacer">&nbsp;</span>29. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of William Durant.<br />
+<br />
+&#8220;1594, March  9. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of Edward Outtered.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This name seems to have been monopolized by the girls. One instance only
+to the contrary can I find:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1588, Feb. 9. Baptized Sin-dynye, sonne of Andrew Champneye.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Still keeping to the same register, we find of this class:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1669, Jan. 21. Buried Refrayne Benny, a widdow.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1586, May 15. Baptized Refrayne, dather of John Celeb.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1586, April 24. Baptized Repent, sonne of William Durant.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1587, July 16. Baptized Returne, sonne of Rychard Farret.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1587, Aug. 6. Baptized Obey, sonne of Rychard Larkford.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1587, Dec. 24. Baptized Depend, sonne of Edward Outtered.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1588, Ap. 7. Baptized Feare-God, sonne of John Couper.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1608, Aug. 14. Baptized Repent Champney, a basterd.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1595. Maye 18. Baptized Refrayne, d. of John Wykes.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Many registers contain &#8220;Repent.&#8221; Cranbrook has an early one:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1586, Jan. 1. Baptized Repent Boorman.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Abuse-not</i> is quaint:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1592, Sep. 17. Baptized Abuse-not, d. of Rychard Ellis.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1592, Dec. 3. Baptized Abus-not, d. of John Collier.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>The last retained her name:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1603, Maye 20. Buried Abuse-not Collyer.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span>Here, again, are two curious entries:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1636, March 19. Baptized Be-steadfast, sonne of Thomas Elliard.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1589, Nov. 9. Baptized Learn-wysdome, d. of Rychard Ellis.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>These also are extracts from the Warbleton registers. None of them,
+however, can be more strongly exhortatory than this:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1660, April 15. Baptized Hate-evill, d. of Antony
+Greenhill.&#8221;&mdash;Banbury.</p></div>
+
+<p>Doubtless she was related to William Greenhill, born 1581, the great
+Puritan commentator on Ezekiel. This cannot be the earliest instance of
+the name, for one Hate-evill Nutter was a settler in New England twenty
+years before her baptism (Bowditch). I suspect its origin can be traced to
+the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1580, June 25. Baptized Hatill (Hate-ill), sonne of Will<sup>m</sup>. Wood.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1608, Nov. 17. Baptized Hatill, sonne to Antony
+Robinson.&#8221;&mdash;Middleton-Cheney.</p></div>
+
+<p>As Middleton-Cheney is a mere outlying parish from Banbury, I think we may
+see whence Hate-evil Greenhill&#8217;s name was derived.</p>
+
+<p>Returning once more to Warbleton, <i>Lament</i> is so common there, as in other
+places, that it would be absurd to suppose the mother had died in
+childbirth in every instance. A glance at the register of deaths disproves
+the idea. The fact is <i>Lament</i> was used, like Repent, as a serious call to
+godly sorrow for sin:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span>&#8220;1594, July 22. Baptized Lament, d. of Antony Foxe.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1598, May 14. Baptized Lament, d. of John Fauterell.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1600, M<sup>ch</sup> 29. Baptized Lament, d. of Anne Willard.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>But we must not linger too much at Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p><i>Live-well</i> commanded much attention. Neither sex could claim the monopoly
+of it, as my examples prove. At the beginning of Charles II.&#8217;s reign, a
+warrant was abroad for the capture of one Live-well Chapman, a seditious
+printer. In such a charge it is possible he fulfilled the pious injunction
+of his god-parent:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1662-3, March 9. Warrant to apprehend Live-well Chapman,<a name='fna_49' id='fna_49' href='#f_49'><small>[49]</small></a> with all
+his printing instruments and materials.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p>He is mentioned again:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1663, Nov. 24. Warrant to Sir Edward Broughton to receive Live-well
+Chapman, and keep him close prisoner for seditious practices.&#8221;&mdash;C. S.
+P.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is no unique case. Live-well Sherwood, an alderman of Norwich, was
+put on a commission for sequestering papists in 1643 (Scobell&#8217;s &#8220;Orders of
+Parl.,&#8221; p. 38).</p>
+
+<p>Again the name occurs:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1702, Oct. 15. Thomas Halsey, of Shadwell, widower, to Live-well
+Prisienden, of Stepney.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Love-God</i> is found twice, at least, for letters of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span> administration in the
+case of one Love-God Gregory were granted in 1654. Also is found:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1596, March 6. Baptized Love-God, daughter of Hugh Walker,
+vicar.&#8221;&mdash;Berwick, Sussex.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Do-good</i> is exhortatory enough, but it rather smacks of works; hence,
+possibly, the reason why I have only seen it once. A list of the trained
+bands under Lord Zouch, Lord Warden of Hastings, 1619, includes&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;<i>Musketts</i>, James Knight, Doo-good Fuller, Thomas Pilcher.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Arch.
+Soc. Coll.&#8221; (Sussex), xiv. 102.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Fare-well</i> seems a shade more worldly than Live-well, but was common
+enough:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1589, July 16, Baptized Fare-well, son of Thomas Hamlen, gent.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dunstan-in-the-West, London.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1723, Sep. 5. Buried Mr. Fare-well Perry, rector of St.
+Peter&#8217;s.&#8221;&mdash;Marlborough.</p></div>
+
+<p>A writer in <i>Notes and Queries</i>, September 9, 1865 (Mr. Lloyd of
+Thurstonville), says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;A man named Sykes, resident in this locality, had four sons whom he
+named respectively Love-well, Do-well, Die-well, and Fare-well. Sad to
+say, Fare-well Sykes met an untimely end by drowning, and was buried
+this week (eleventh Sunday after Trinity) in Lockwood churchyard. The
+brothers Live-well, Do-well, and Die-well were the chief mourners on
+the occasion.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>It seems almost impossible that the father should have restored three of
+the Puritan names accidentally. Probably he had seen or heard of these
+names in some Yorkshire church register. One of these names, Farewell, is
+still used in the county,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span> as the directories show. I see Fare-well
+Wardley, in Sheffield, in the West Riding Directory for 1867.</p>
+
+<p>This closes the exhortatory class. It is both numerous and interesting,
+and some of its instances grew very familiar, and looked as if they might
+find a permanent place in our registers. The eighteenth century saw them
+all succumb, however.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>d.</i>) <i>Accidents of Birth.</i></p>
+
+<p>Evidently it was a Puritan notion that a quiverful of children was a
+matter for thanksgiving. There is a pleasant ring in some of the names
+selected by religious gossips at this time, or witnesses, as I should
+rather term them. <i>Free-gift</i> was one such, and was on the point of
+becoming an accepted English name, when the Restoration stepped in, and it
+had to follow the way of the others. It began with the Presbyterian
+clergy, judging by the date of its rise:<a name='fna_50' id='fna_50' href='#f_50'><small>[50]</small></a></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1616, &mdash;&mdash;. Buried Mary, wiffe of Free-gift Mabbe.&#8221;&mdash;Chiddingly,
+Sussex.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1621, &mdash;&mdash;. Baptized John, son of Free-gift Bishopp.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1591, Jan. 14. Baptized Fre-gift, sonne of Abraham
+Bayley.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>The will of Free-gift Stacey was proved in 1656<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span> in London; while a
+subsidy obtained by an unpopular tax on fires, hearths, and stoves in
+1670, rates a resident in Chichester thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Free-gift Collins, two hearths.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Suss. Arch. Coll.,&#8221; xxiv. 81.</p></div>
+
+<p>The last instance I have seen is:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Dec. 4, 1700. The petition of Free-gift Pilkington, wife of Richard
+Pilkington, late port-master of Ipswich, county Suffolk.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Good-gift</i> was rarer:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1618, March 28. Bapt. John, sonne of Goodgift Gynninges.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>One of the earliest Puritan eccentricities was <i>From-above</i>, mentioned by
+Camden as existing in 1614:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1582, March 10. Baptized From-above Hendley.&#8221;&mdash;Cranbrook.</p></div>
+
+<p>A subsidy collected within the rape of Lewes in 1621 records:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;From-above Hendle, gent, in landes, 30 4 0.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Suss. Arch. Coll.,&#8221;
+lx. 71.</p></div>
+
+<p>Many of these names suggest thanksgiving for an &#8220;addition to the family.&#8221;
+<i>More-fruit</i> is one such:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1587, June 6. Baptized More-fruite Stone, of Steven.&#8221;&mdash;Berwick,
+Sussex.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1592, Oct. 1. Baptized More-fruite Starre.&#8221;<a name='fna_51' id='fna_51' href='#f_51'><small>[51]</small></a>&mdash;Cranbrook.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1599, Nov. 4. Baptized More-fruite, d. of Richard
+Barnet.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1608, Aug. 28. Baptized More-frute, d. of Rychard Curtes.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span>We have already referred to More-fruit Fenner, christened about the same
+time.</p>
+
+<p>The great command to Adam and Eve was, &#8220;Multiply, and replenish the
+earth.&#8221; Some successor of Thomas Heley thought it no harm to emphasize
+this at the font:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1677, May 14. Buried Replenish, ye wife of Robert French.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>But &#8220;Increase&#8221; or &#8220;Increased&#8221; was the representative of this class of
+thanksgiving names, in palpable allusion to Psa. cxv. 14:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;The Lord shall increase you more and more, you and your children.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>I could easily furnish the reader with half a hundred instances. It is
+probable Thomas Heley was the inventor of it. The earliest example I can
+find is that of his own child:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1587, March 26. Baptized Increased, dather of Thomas Helley,
+minister.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1637, Sep. 15. Buried Increase, wife of Robard Barden.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1589, Apr. 13. Baptized Increased, d. of John Gynninges.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>One or two instances from other quarters may be noted:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1660, June. Petition of Increased Collins, for restoration to the
+keepership of Mote&#8217;s Bulwark, Dover.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p>Dr. Increase Mather, of the Liverpool family of that name, will be a
+familiar figure to every student of Puritan history. In 1685 he returned
+from America to thank King James for the Toleration<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> Act. Through him it
+became a popular name in New England, although Increase Nowell, who
+obtained a charter of appropriation of Massachusetts Bay, March 4, 1628,
+and emigrated from London, may have helped in the matter (Neal&#8217;s &#8220;New
+England,&#8221; p. 124).</p>
+
+<p>The perils of childbirth are marked in the thanksgiving name of
+Deliverance. So early as 1627 the will of Deliverance Wilton was proved in
+London. Camden, too, writing in 1614, says &#8220;Delivery&#8221; was known to him;
+while Adams, whose Puritan proclivities I have previously hinted at,
+preaching in London in 1626, asserts that Safe-deliverance existed to his
+knowledge (&#8220;Meditations upon the Creed&#8221;). Deliverance crossed the Atlantic
+with the Pilgrim Fathers (Bowditch), and I see one instance, at least, in
+Hotten&#8217;s &#8220;Emigrants:&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1670, Feb. 18. Buried Deliverance Addison.&#8221;&mdash;Christ Church, Barbados.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Deliverance Hobbs and Deliverance Dane were both examined in the
+great trial for witchcraft at Salem, June 2, 1692.&#8221;&mdash;Neal, &#8220;New
+England,&#8221; pp. 533, 506.</p></div>
+
+<p>The last instance, probably, at home is&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1757, Jan. 7. Buried Deliverance Branan.&#8221;&mdash;Donnybrook, Dublin (<i>Notes
+and Queries</i>).</p></div>
+
+<p>This &#8220;Deliverance&#8221; must have been especially common. One more instance: in
+the will of Anne Allport, sen., of Cannock, Stafford, dated<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span> March 25,
+1637, mention is made of &#8220;my son-in-law Deliverance Fennyhouse&#8221; (<i>vide
+Notes and Queries</i>, Dec. 8, 1860, W. A. Leighton).</p>
+
+<p>Much-mercy is characteristic:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1598, May 22. Baptized Much-mercie Harmer, a child.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is but one more proof of Heley&#8217;s influence, for he had baptized one
+of his own sons &#8220;Much-mercy&#8221;&#8221; in 1585.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps a sense of undeserved mercies caused the following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1589, Sep. 28. Baptized No-merit, dather of Stephen
+Vynall.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>That babes are cherubs, if not seraphs, every mother knows; but it is not
+often the fact is recorded in our church registers. Peculiar thankfulness
+must have been felt here:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;On Dec. 11, 1865, aged seventy-eight years, died Cherubin
+Diball.&#8221;&mdash;<i>Notes and Queries</i>, 4th Series, ii. 130.</p></div>
+
+<p>And two hundred years previously, <i>i.e.</i> 1678, <i>Seraphim</i> Marketman is
+referred to in the last testament of John Kirk. But was it gratitude,
+after all? We have all heard of the wretched father who would persist in
+having the twins his wife presented to him christened by the names of
+Cherubin and Seraphim, on the ground that &#8220;they continually do cry.&#8221;
+Perhaps Cherubin Diball and Seraphim Marketman made noise enough for two!</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span>But if the father of the twins was not as thankful for his privilege as he
+ought to have been, others were. <i>Thanks</i> and <i>Thankful</i> were not unknown
+to our forefathers. One of the earliest instances I can find is the
+marriage lines of Thankful Hepden:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1646, July 16. Thankfull Hepden and Fraunces Bruer.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>In Peck&#8217;s &#8220;Desiderata Curiosa&#8221; (p. 537) we read:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Dec. M.D.CLVI. Mr. Thankful Frewen&#8217;s corps carried through London, to
+be interred in Sussex.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Thankful&#8217;s father was John Frewen, Rector of Northiam, the eminent Puritan
+already referred to. <i>Accepted</i>, the elder son&#8217;s name, belongs to this
+same class. <i>Thankful</i> seems to have become a favourite in that part of
+the country, and to have lingered for a considerable time. In the &#8220;History
+of the Town and Port of Rye&#8221; we find (p. 466):</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Christmas, 1723. Assessment for repairs of highways: Mr. Thankful
+Bishop paid 7<sup>s</sup> 6<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Again, so late as 1749 we find the death of another Thankful Frewen
+recorded, who had been Rector of Northiam for sixteen years, christened,
+no doubt, in memory of his predecessor of a century gone by.<a name='fna_52' id='fna_52' href='#f_52'><small>[52]</small></a> Thankful
+Owen was brother to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> Gracious Owen, president of St. John&#8217;s, Oxford,
+1650-1660.</p>
+
+<p>One more instance will suffice. The will of Thanks Tilden was proved in
+1698. No wonder the name was sufficiently familiar to be embodied in one
+of the political skits of the Commonwealth period:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;O, very well said,&#8217; quoth Con;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;And so will I do,&#8217; says Frank;</span><br />
+And Mercy cries &#8216;Aye,&#8217; and Mat, &#8216;Really,&#8217;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&#8216;And I&#8217;m o&#8217; that mind,&#8217; quoth <i>Thank</i>.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>Possibly the sentence &#8220;unfeignedly thankful&#8221; suggested the other word
+also; any way, it existed:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1586, April 1. Baptized Unfeigned, sonne of Roger
+Elliard.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>The estate of Unfeigned Panckhurst was administered upon in 1656.</p>
+
+<p>From every side we see traces of the popularity of Thankful. During the
+restoration of Hawkhurst Church, a small tombstone was discovered below
+the floor, with an inscription to the &#8220;memory of Elizabeth, daughter of
+<i>Thankful</i> Bishop, of Hawkhurst, gent., who died January 2, 1680&#8221; (&#8220;Arch.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span>
+Cant.,&#8221; iv. 108). In the churchwarden&#8217;s book of the same place occurs this
+curious item:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1675. Received by Thankfull Thorpe, churchwarden in the year 1675, of
+Richard Sharpe of Bennenden, the summe of one pound for shouting of a
+hare.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Arch. Cant.,&#8221; v. 75.</p></div>
+
+<p>Several names seem to breathe assurance and trust in imminent peril.
+Perhaps both mother and child were in danger. <i>Preserved</i> is distinctly of
+this class:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Here lieth the body of Preserved, the daughter of Thomas Preserved
+Emms, who departed this life in the 18th year of her age, on the 17th
+of November, <span class="smcaplc">MDCCXII</span>.&#8221;&mdash;St. Nicholas, Yarmouth.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1588, Aug. 1. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Thomas Holman.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1594, Nov. 17. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Roger Caffe.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p>Preserved Fish, whose name appeared for many years in the New York
+Directory, did not get his name this way. A friend of his informs me that,
+about eighty-five years ago, a vessel was wrecked on the New Jersey coast,
+and when washed ashore, a little child was discovered secured in one of
+the berths, the only living thing left. The finder named the boy
+&#8220;Preserved Fish,&#8221; and he bore it through a long and honoured life to the
+grave, having made for himself a good position in society.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beloved</i> would naturally suggest itself to grateful parents:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1672, July 10. Buried Anne, wife of Beeloved King.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span>This name is also found in St. Matthew, Friday Street, London.</p>
+
+<p><i>Joy-in-Sorrow</i> is the story of Rachel and Benoni over again:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1595. On the last daye of August the daughter of Edward Godman was
+baptized and named Joye-in-Sorrow.&#8221;&mdash;Isfield, Sussex.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Lamentation</i> tells its own tale, unless taken from the title of one of
+the Old Testament books:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Plaintiff, Lamentation Chapman: Bill to stay proceedings on a bond
+relating to a tenement and lands in the parish of Borden,
+Kent.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Proc. in Chancery, Eliz.,&#8221; i. 149.</p></div>
+
+<p>We have already mentioned <i>Safe-on-high</i> Hopkinson, christened at
+Salehurst in 1591, and <i>Help-on-high</i> Foxe, incumbent of Lydney,
+Gloucester, in 1661. The former died a few days after baptism, and the
+event seems to have been anticipated in the name selected.</p>
+
+<p>The termination <i>on-high</i> was popular. <i>Stand-fast-on-high</i> Stringer dwelt
+at Crowhurst, in Sussex, about the year 1635, as will be proved shortly,
+and <i>Aid-on-high</i> is twice met with:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1646, June 6. Letters of administration taken out in the estate of
+Margery Maddock, of Ross, Hereford, by Aid-on-high Maddock, her
+husband.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1596, July 19. Stephen Vynall had a sonne baptized, and was named
+Aid-on-hye.&#8221;&mdash;Isfield, Sussex.<a name='fna_53' id='fna_53' href='#f_53'><small>[53]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span>The three following are precatory, and we may infer that the life of
+either mother or child was endangered:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1618, &mdash;&mdash;. Married Restore Weekes to Constant Semar.&#8221;&mdash;Chiddingly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1613, &mdash;&mdash;. Baptized Have-mercie, d. of Thomas Stone.&#8221;&mdash;Berwick,
+Sussex.</p></div>
+
+<p>A monument at Cobham, Surrey, commemorates the third:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Hereunder lies interred the body of Aminadab Cooper, citizen and
+merchaunt taylor of London, who left behind him God-helpe, their only
+sonne. Hee departed this life the 23<sup>d</sup> June, 1618.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Still less hopeful of augury was the following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1697, July 6. Weakly Ekins, citizen and grocer, London.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Inquisit.
+of Lunacy,&#8221; Rec. Office MSS.</p></div>
+
+<p>What about him? His friends brought him forward as a case for the
+Commissioners of Lunacy to take in hand, on the ground that he was weak of
+intellect, and unfit to manage his business. It might be asked whether
+such a name was not likely to drive him to the state specified in the
+petition.</p>
+
+<p>While on the subject of birth, we may notice that the Presbyterian clergy
+were determined to visit the sins of the parents on the children in cases
+of illegitimacy. A few instances must suffice:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1589, Aug. 3. Baptized Helpless Henley, a bastard.&#8221;&mdash;Berwick, Sussex.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1608, Aug. 14. Baptized Repent Champney, a bastard.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span>&#8220;1599, May 13. Baptized Repentance, d. of Martha Henley, a
+bastard.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1600, M<sup>ch</sup>. 26. Baptized Lament, d. of Anne Willard, a
+bastard.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1600, April 13. Baptized Repentance Gilbert, a bastard.&#8221;&mdash;Cranbrook.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1598, Jan. 27. Baptized Forsaken, filius meretricis Agnetis
+Walton.&#8221;&mdash;Sedgefield.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1609, Dec. 17. Baptized Flie-fornication, the bace son of Catren
+Andrewes.&#8221;&mdash;Waldron.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is more kindly, but an exceptional case:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1609, Nov. 25. Baptized Fortune, daughter of Dennis Judie, and in sin
+begoten.&#8221;&mdash;Middleton-Cheney.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>e.</i>) <i>General.</i></p>
+
+<p>There is a batch of names which was especially common, and which hardly
+appears to be of Puritan origin; I mean names presaging good fortune.
+Doubtless, however, they were at first used, in a purely spiritual sense,
+of the soul&#8217;s prosperity; and afterwards, by more worldly minds, were
+referred to the good things of this life.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fortune</i> became a great favourite:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1607, Oct. 4. Baptized Fortune Gardyner.&#8221;&mdash;St. Giles, Camberwell.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1642, &mdash;&mdash;. Baptized Fortune, daughter of Thomas Patchett.&#8221;&mdash;Ludlow,
+Shropshire.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1652-3, M<sup>ch</sup>. 10. Married Mr. John Barrington and Mrs. Fortune
+Smith.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1723, April 8. Buried Fortune Symons, aged 111 years.&#8221;&mdash;Hammersmith.</p></div>
+
+<p>If Fortune meant fulness of years, it was attained in this last example.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span><i>Wealthy</i> is equally curious:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1665 [no date]. Petition of Wealthy, lawful wife of Henry Halley, and
+one of the Duke of York&#8217;s guards.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1714, April 25. Buried Wealthy Whathing.&#8221;&mdash;Donnybrook, Dublin.<a name='fna_54' id='fna_54' href='#f_54'><small>[54]</small></a></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1704, Aug. 18, died Riches Browne, gent., aged 62.&#8221;&mdash;Scarning,
+Norfolk.</p></div>
+
+<p>The father of this Riches was also Riches, and was married to the daughter
+of John Nabs! (<i>vide</i> Blomefield, vi. 5).</p>
+
+<p>Several names may be set in higgledy-piggledy fashion, for they belong to
+no class, and are <i>sui generis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Pleasant<a name='fna_55' id='fna_55' href='#f_55'><small>[55]</small></a> is found several times:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1681, Nov. 8. Christened Pleasant, daughter of Robert Tarlton.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1725, Dec. 18. William Whiteing, of Chislett, to Pleasant Burt, of
+Reculver.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1728, Nov. 3. Buried Pleasant Smith, late wife of Mr. John
+Smith.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>The following, no doubt, had a political as well as spiritual allusion. It
+occurs several times in the New York Directory of the present year:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1689, March 4. Petition of Freeman Howes, controller of Chichester
+port.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. S. P. Treasury.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1691, Sep. 21. Petition of Freeman Collins.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span>&#8220;1661. Petition of Freeman Sonds.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. S. P. Domestic.&#8221;<a name='fna_56' id='fna_56' href='#f_56'><small>[56]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p>What a freak of fancy is commemorated in the following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1698, June 23. Examination of Isaac Cooper, Thomas Abraham, and
+Centurian Lucas.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1660, June. Petition of Handmaid, wife of Aaron Johnson.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1661, August 29. Baptized Miracle, son of George Lessa.&#8221;&mdash;New
+Buckenham.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1728. Married John Foster to Beulah Digby.&#8221;&mdash;Somerset House Chapel.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Trinity in Unity were not held in proper reverence; for <i>Trinity</i>
+Langley fought in the army of Cromwell, while <i>Unity</i> Thornton (St. James,
+Piccadilly, 1680) and <i>Unity</i> Awdley (&#8220;Top. et. Gen.,&#8221; viii. 201) appear a
+little later:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1694, Jan. 8. James Commelin to Mrs. Unitie Awdrey.&#8221;&mdash;Market
+Lavington.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1668, Feb. 15. Baptized Unity, son of John Brooks.&#8221;&mdash;Banbury.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Providence</i> Hillershand died August 14, 1749, aged 72 (Bicknor,
+Gloucester). Providence was a <i>he</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1752, Nov. 5. Buried Selah, d. of Ric. and Diana Collins.&#8221;&mdash;Dyrham,
+Gloucestershire.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1586, April 10. Baptized My-sake Hallam.&#8221;&mdash;Cranbrook.</p></div>
+
+<p>Biblical localities were much resorted to:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span>&#8220;1616, Nov. 26. Baptized Bethsaida,
+d. of Humphrey Trenouth.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb Major.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1700, June 6. Buried Canaan, wife of John Hatton, 55
+years.&#8221;&mdash;Forthampton, Gloucestershire.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1706, April 27. Married Eden Hardy to Esther Pantall.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1695, Dec. 15. Baptized Richard, son of Richard and Nazareth
+Rudde.&#8221;&mdash;St. James, Piccadilly.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Nazareth</i> Godden&#8217;s will was administrated upon in 1662. <i>Battalion</i>
+Shotbolt was defendant in a suit in the eleventh year of Queen Anne
+(Decree Rolls, Record Office). The following is odd:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1683, Oct. 11. Buried Mr. <i>Inward</i> Ansloe.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">V. <span class="smcap">A Scoffing World.</span></p>
+
+<p>While these strange pranks were being played, the world was not asleep.
+Calamy seems to have discovered a source of melancholy satisfaction in the
+fact that the quaint names of his brethren were subjected to the raillery
+of a wicked world. One of the ejected ministers was Sabbath Clark,
+minister of Tarvin, Cheshire. Of him he writes:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;He had been constant minister of the parish for nigh upon sixty
+years. He carried Puritanism in his very name, by which his good
+father intended he should bear the memorial of God&#8217;s Holy Day. This
+was a course that some in those times affected, baptizing their
+children Reformation, Discipline, etc., as the affections of their
+parents stood engaged. For this they have sufficiently suffered from
+Profane Wits, and this worthy person did so in particular. Yet his
+name was not a greater offence to such persons than his holy life.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Probably Calamy was referring to the &#8220;profane<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> wit&#8221; Dr. Cosin, Bishop of
+Chester, who, in a visitation held at Warrington about the year 1643, is
+said to have acted as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;A minister, called Sabbaith Clerke, the Doctor re-baptized, took&#8217;s
+marke, and call&#8217;d him Saturday.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>That this was a deliberate insult, and not a pleasantry, Calamy, of
+course, would stoutly maintain. Hence the above sample of holy ire.</p>
+
+<p>Many of the names in the list I have recorded must have met with the
+good-humoured raillery of the every-day folk the strangely stigmatized
+bearer might meet. I suppose in good time, however, the owner, and the
+people he was accustomed to mix with, got used to it. It is true they must
+have resorted, not unfrequently, to curter forms, much after the fashion
+of the now almost forgotten nick forms of the Plantagenet days.
+Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith is a very large mouthful, if you come to try
+it, and I dare say Mr. White or Brown, whoever he might be, did not so
+strongly urge as he ought to have done the gross impropriety of his
+friends recognizing him by the simple style of &#8220;Faith&#8221; or &#8220;Fight.&#8221; Fancy
+at a dinner, in a day that had not invented the convenient practice of
+calling a man by his surname, having to address a friend across the table,
+&#8220;Please, Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> pass the pepper!&#8221; The thing was
+impossible. Even Help-on-high was found cumbersome, and, as we have seen,
+the Rector of Lydney curtailed it.</p>
+
+<p>A curious instance of waggery anent this matter of length will be found in
+the register of St. Helen, Bishopgate. The entry is dated 1611, just the
+time when the dramatists were making fun of this Puritanic innovation, and
+when the custom was most popular:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Sept. 1, 1611. Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, being borne the last of
+August in the lane going to Sir John Spencer&#8217;s back-gate, and there
+laide in a heape of seacole asshes, was baptized the ffirst day of
+September following, and dyed the next day after.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This is confirmed by the burial records:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Sept. 2, 1611. Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, as is mentioned in the
+register of christenings.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The reference, of course, is to Job ii. 8:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down
+among the ashes.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This was somewhat grim fun, though. Probably <i>Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes</i>,
+during his brief life, would be styled by the curter title of &#8220;Ashes.&#8221; It
+is somewhat curious to notice that Camden, writing three years later, says
+Ashes existed. Perhaps this was the instance.</p>
+
+<p>A similar instance of waggery is found in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span> parish church of Old
+Swinford, where the following entry occurs:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1676, Jan. 18. Baptized
+Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar, sonn of
+Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar Williams.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Allowing the father to be thirty years of age, the paternal christening
+would take place in 1646, which would be a likely time in the political
+history of England for a mimical hit at Puritan eccentricity.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>a.</i>) <i>The Playwrights.</i></p>
+
+<p>There is a capital scene in &#8220;The Ordinary&#8221; (1634), where Andrew Credulous,
+after trolling out a verse of nonsensical rhyme against the Puritan names,
+says to his friends Hearsay and Slicer, in allusion to these new long and
+uncouth names:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 9em;">&#8220;Andrew the Great Turk?</span><br />
+I would I were a peppercorn, if that<br />
+It sounds not well. Doe&#8217;st not?<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Slicer.</i> Yes, very well.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Credulous.</i> I&#8217;ll make it else great Andrew Mahomet,</span><br />
+<i>Imperious Andrew Mahomet Credulous</i>.<br />
+Tell me which name sounds best.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Hearsay.</i> That&#8217;s as you speak &#8217;em.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Credulous.</i> Oatmealman Andrew! Andrew Oatmealman!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Hearsay.</i> Ottoman, sir, you mean.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Credulous.</i> Yes, Ottoman.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oatmealman Andrew! Andrew Oatmealman!&#8221;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span> seems to have suggested to
+Thomson that unfortunate line:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;O Sophonisba, Sophonisba O,&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>so unkindly parodied into&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;O Jemmy Thomson, Jemmy Thomson O.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>From this quotation it will be seen that it is not to the church register
+alone we must turn, to discover the manner in which these new names were
+being received by the public. Calamy might wax wroth over the &#8220;profane
+wits&#8221; of the day, but one of the severest blows administered to the men he
+has undertaken to defend, came from his own side; for Thomas Adams, Rector
+of St. Benet, Paul&#8217;s Wharf, must unquestionably be placed, even by
+Calamy&#8217;s own testimony, among the Puritan clergy of his day. His name does
+not appear in the list of silenced clergy, and his works are dedicated to
+pronounced friends of the Noncomformist cause. In his &#8220;Meditations upon
+the Creed&#8221; (vol. iii. p. 213, edit. 1872), first published in 1629, he
+says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Some call their sons <i>Emanuel</i>: this is too bold. The name is proper
+to Christ, therefore not to be communicated to any creature. It is no
+less than presumption to give a subject&#8217;s son the style of his prince.
+Yea, it seems to me not fit for Christian humility to call a man
+<i>Gabriel</i> or <i>Michael</i>, giving the names of angels to the sons of
+mortality.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;On the other side, it is a petulant absurdity to give them ridiculous
+names, the very rehearsing whereof causeth laughter. There <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span>be certain
+affectate names which mistaken zeal chooseth for honour, but the event
+discovers a proud singularity. It was the speech of a famous prophet,
+<i>Non sum melior patribus meis</i>&mdash;&#8216;I am no better than my fathers;&#8217; but
+such a man will be <i>sapientior patribus suis</i>&mdash;&#8216;Wiser than his
+fathers.&#8217; As if they would tie the goodness of the person to the
+signification of the name. But still a man is what he is, not what he
+is called; he were the same, with or without that title or that name.
+And we have known <i>Williams</i> and <i>Richards</i>, names not found in sacred
+story, but familiar to our country, prove as gracious saints as any
+<i>Safe-deliverance</i>, <i>Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith</i>, or such like,
+which have been rather descriptions than names.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>I have quoted portions of this before. I have now given it in full, for it
+is trenchant, and full of common sense. Coming from the quarter it did, we
+cannot doubt it had its effect in throwing the practice into disfavour
+among the better orders. But there had been a continued battery going on
+from a foe by whose side Adams would have rather faced death than fight.
+Years before he wrote his own sentiments, the Puritan nomenclature had
+been roughly handled on the stage, and by such ruthless pens as Ben
+Jonson, Cowley, and Beaumont and Fletcher. A year before little
+Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes was laid to rest, the sharp and unsparing
+sarcasm of &#8220;The Alchemist&#8221; and &#8220;Bartholomew Fair&#8221; had been levelled at
+these doings. The first of these two dramas Ben Jonson saw acted in 1610.
+By that time the custom was a generation old, and men who bore the godly
+but uncouth sobriquets were walking the streets, keeping shops, driving<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span>
+bargains, known, if not avoided, of all men. In 1610 Increase Brown, your
+apprentice, might be demanding an advance upon his wages, Help-on-high
+Jones might be imploring your patronage, while Search-the-Scriptures
+Robinson might be diligently studying his ledger to see how he could swell
+his total against you for tobacco and groceries. In 1610 society would be
+really awake to the fact that such things existed, and proceed to discuss
+this serio-comic matter in a comico-serious manner. The time was exactly
+ripe for the playwright, and it was the fate of the Presbyterians that the
+playwright was &#8220;rare Ben.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In &#8220;The Alchemist&#8221; appears <i>Ananias</i>, a deacon, who is thus questioned by
+Subtle:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">&#8220;What are you, sir?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Ananias.</i> Please you, a servant of the exiled brethren,</span><br />
+That deal with widows&#8217; and with orphans&#8217; goods,<br />
+And make a just account unto the saints:<br />
+A deacon.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Subtle.</i> O, you are sent from Master Wholesome,</span><br />
+Your teacher?<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Ananias.</i> From Tribulation Wholesome,</span><br />
+Our very zealous pastor.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>After accusing Ananias of being related to the &#8220;varlet that cozened the
+Apostles,&#8221; Subtle meets Tribulation himself, the Amsterdam pastor, whom he
+treats with scant courtesy:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Nor shall you need to libel &#8217;gainst the prelates,<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span>And shorten so your ears against the hearing<br />
+Of the next wire-drawn grace. Nor of necessity<br />
+Rail against plays, to please the alderman<br />
+Whose daily custard you devour; nor lie<br />
+With zealous rage till you are hoarse. Not one<br />
+Of these so singular arts. Nor call yourselves<br />
+By name of <i>Tribulation</i>, <i>Persecution</i>,<br />
+<i>Restraint</i>, <i>Long-patience</i>, and such like, affected<br />
+By the whole family or wood of you,<br />
+Only for glory, and to catch the ear<br />
+Of your disciple.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>To which hard thrust Tribulation meekly makes response:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">&#8220;Truly, sir, they are</span><br />
+Ways that the godly brethren have invented<br />
+For propagation of the glorious cause.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Every word of this harangue of Subtle&#8217;s would tell upon a sympathetic
+audience. So popular was the play itself, that a common street song was
+made out of it, the first verse of which we find Credulous singing in &#8220;The
+Ordinary:&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;My name&#8217;s not Tribulation,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nor holy Ananias;</span><br />
+I was baptized in fashion,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Our vicar did hold bias.&#8221;<a name='fna_57' id='fna_57' href='#f_57'><small>[57]</small></a></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">Act iv. sc. 1.</span></p>
+
+<p>This comedy appeared twenty years after &#8220;The Alchemist,&#8221; and yet the song
+was still popular. Many a lad with a Puritan name must have had these
+rhymes flung into his teeth. <i>Tribulation</i>, by the way, is one of the
+names given in Camden&#8217;s list, written four years later than Ben Jonson&#8217;s<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span>
+play. This name, which has been the object of an antiquary&#8217;s, a
+playwright&#8217;s, a ballad-monger&#8217;s and an historian&#8217;s ridicule (for Macaulay
+had his fling at it), curiously enough I have not found in the registers.
+But its equivalent, <i>Lamentation</i>, occurs, as we have seen, in the
+&#8220;Chancery Suits&#8221; (1590-1600), in the case of <i>Lamentation Chapman</i>.
+<i>Restraint</i> is met by <i>Abstinence</i> Pougher, and <i>Persecution</i> by <i>Trial</i>
+Travis (C. S. P. 1619, June 7).</p>
+
+<p>Still more severe, again, is this same dramatist in &#8220;Bartholomew Fair,&#8221;
+which was performed in London, October, 1614, by the retinue of Lady
+Elizabeth, James&#8217;s daughter. Pouring ridicule upon the butt of the day,
+whose name of &#8220;Puritan&#8221; was by-and-by to be anagrammatized into &#8220;a
+turnip,&#8221; from the cropped roundness of his head, this drama became the
+play-goers&#8217; favourite. It was suppressed during the Commonwealth, and one
+of the first to be revived at the Restoration.<a name='fna_58' id='fna_58' href='#f_58'><small>[58]</small></a> The king is said to
+have given special orders for its performance. Whether his grandfather
+liked it as much may be doubted, for it once or twice touches on doctrinal
+points, and James thought he had a special gift for theology.</p>
+
+<p>Zeal-of-the-land Busy is a Banbury man, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span> town was then even more
+celebrated for Puritans than cakes. <i>Caster</i>, in &#8220;The Ordinary,&#8221; says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I&#8217;ll send some forty thousand unto Paul&#8217;s:<br />
+Build a cathedral next in Banbury:<br />
+Give organs to each parish in the kingdom.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Zeal-of-the-land is thus inquired of by Winwife:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;What call you the reverend elder you told me of, your Banbury man?</p>
+
+<p><i>Littlewit.</i> Rabbi Busy, sir: he is more than an elder, he is a
+prophet, sir.</p>
+
+<p><i>Quarlous.</i> O, I know him! a baker, is he not?</p>
+
+<p><i>Littlewit.</i> He was a baker, sir, but he does dream now, and see
+visions: he has given over his trade.</p>
+
+<p><i>Quarlous.</i> I remember that, too: out of a scruple that he took, in
+spiced conscience, those cakes he made were served to bridales,
+maypoles, morrices, and such profane feasts and meetings. His
+christian name is Zeal-of-the-land?</p>
+
+<p><i>Littlewit.</i> Yes, sir; Zeal-of-the-land Busy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winwife.</i> How! what a name&#8217;s there!</p>
+
+<p><i>Littlewit.</i> O, they all have such names, sir: he was witness for Win
+here&mdash;they will not be called godfathers&mdash;and named her Win-the-fight:
+you thought her name had been Winnifred, did you not?</p>
+
+<p><i>Winwife.</i> I did indeed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Littlewit.</i> He would have thought himself a stark reprobate if it
+had.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>All this would be caviare to the Cavalier, and it is doubtful whether he
+did not enjoy it more than his grandparents, who could but laugh at it as
+a hit religious, rather than political. The allusion to <i>witnesses</i>
+reminds us of Corporal Oath, who in &#8220;The Puritan,&#8221; published in 1607 (Act
+ii. sc. 3), rails at the zealots for the mild character of their
+ejaculations. The expression &#8220;Oh!&#8221; was the most<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> terrible expletive they
+permitted themselves to indulge in, and some even shook their heads at a
+brother who had thus far committed himself:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Why! has the devil possessed you, that you swear no better,<br />
+You half-christened c&mdash;&mdash;s, you un-godmothered varlets?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The terms godfather and godmother were rejected by the disaffected clergy,
+and they would have the answer made in the name of the sponsors, not the
+child. Hence they styled them witnesses.</p>
+
+<p>In &#8220;Women Pleased,&#8221; a tragi-comedy, written, as is generally concluded, by
+Fletcher alone about the year 1616, we find the customary foe of maypoles
+addressing the hobby:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 12em;">&#8220;I renounce it,</span><br />
+And put the beast off thus, the beast polluted.<br />
+And now no more shall <i>Hope-on-high</i> Bomby<br />
+Follow the painted pipes of worldly pleasures,<br />
+And with the wicked dance the Devil&#8217;s measures:<br />
+Away, thou pampered jade of vanity!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Here, again, is no exaggeration of name, for we have Help-on-high Foxe to
+face Hope-on-high Bomby. The Rector of Lydney would be about twenty-five
+when this play was written, and may have suggested himself the sobriquet.
+The names are all but identical.</p>
+
+<p>From &#8220;Women Pleased&#8221; and Fletcher to &#8220;Cutter of Coleman Street&#8221; and Cowley
+is a wide jump, but we must make it to complete our quotations from the
+playwrights. Although brought<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> out after the Restoration, the fun about
+names was not yet played out. The scene is laid in London in 1658. This
+comedy was sorely resented by the zealots, and led the author to defend
+himself in his preface. He says that he has been accused of
+&#8220;prophaneness:&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;There is some imitation of Scripture phrases: God forbid! There is no
+representation of the true face of Scripture, but only of that vizard
+which these hypocrites draw upon it.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This must have been more trying to bear even than Cutter himself. Under a
+thin disguise, Colonel <i>Fear-the-Lord</i> Barebottle is none other than
+Praise-God Barebone, of then most recent notoriety. Cowley&#8217;s allusion to
+him through the medium of Jolly is not pleasant:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;<i>Jolly.</i> My good neighbour, I thank him, Colonel Fear-the-Lord
+Barebottle, a Saint and a Soap-boiler, brought it. But he&#8217;s dead, and
+boiling now himself, that&#8217;s the best of &#8217;t; there&#8217;s a Cavalier&#8217;s
+comfort.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Cutter turns zealot, and wears a most puritanical habit. To the colonel&#8217;s
+widow, Mistress Tabitha Barebottle, he says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Sister Barebottle, I must not be called Cutter any more: that is a
+name of Cavalier&#8217;s darkness; the Devil was a Cutter from the
+beginning: my name is now <i>Abednego</i>. I had a vision which whispered
+to me through a keyhole, &#8216;Go, call thyself <i>Abednego</i>.&#8217;&#8221;<a name='fna_59' id='fna_59' href='#f_59'><small>[59]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span>But Cutter&mdash;we beg his pardon, Abednego&mdash;was but a sorry convert. Having
+lapsed into a worldly mind again, he thus addresses Tabitha:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Shall I, who am to ride the purple dromedary, go dressed like
+<i>Revelation</i> Fats, the basket-maker?&mdash;Give me the peruke, boy!&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>I fancy the reader will agree with me that Cowley needed all the arguments
+he could urge in his preface to meet the charge of irreverence.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>b.</i>) <i>The Sussex Jury.</i></p>
+
+<p>One of the strongest indictments to be found against this phase of
+Puritanic eccentricity is to be found in Hume&#8217;s well-known quotation from
+Brome&#8217;s &#8220;Travels into England&#8221;&mdash;a quotation which has caused much angry
+contention. The book quoted by the historian is entitled &#8220;Travels over
+England, Scotland, and Wales, by James Brome, M.A., Rector of Cheriton, in
+Kent.&#8221; Writing soon after the Restoration, Mr. Brome says (p. 279)&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Before I leave this county (Sussex), I shall subjoin a copy of a Jury
+returned here in the late rebellious troublesome times, given me by
+the same worthy hand which the Huntingdon Jury was: and by the
+christian names then in fashion we may still discover the
+superstitious vanity of the Puritanical Precisians of that age.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>A second list in the British Museum Mr. Lower<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span> considers to be of a
+somewhat earlier date. We will set them side by side:</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="table">
+<tr><td class="br">Accepted Trevor, of Norsham.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Approved Frewen, of Northiam.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Redeemed Compton, of Battle.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Be-thankful Maynard, of Brightling.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Faint-not Hewit, of Heathfield.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Be-courteous Cole, of Pevensey.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Make-peace Heaton, of Hare.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Safety-on-high Snat, of Uckfield.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">God-reward Smart, of Fivehurst.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Search-the-Scriptures Moreton, of Salehurst.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Stand-fast-on-high Stringer, of Crowhurst.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">More-fruit Fowler, of East Hothley.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Earth Adams, of Warbleton.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Free-gift Mabbs, of Chiddingly.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Called Lower, of the same.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Increase Weeks, of Cuckfield.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Kill-sin Pimple, of Witham.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Restore Weeks, of the same.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Return Spelman, of Watling.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Kill-sin Pemble, of Westham.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Be faithful Joiner, of Britling.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Elected Mitchell, of Heathfield.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Fly-debate Roberts, of the same.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Faint-not Hurst, of the same.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith White, of Emer.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Renewed Wisberry, of Hailsham.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">More-fruit Fowler, of East Hodley.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Return Milward, of Hellingly.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Hope-for Bending, of the same.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Fly-debate Smart, of Waldron.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Graceful Harding, of Lewes.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Fly-fornication Richardson, of the same.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Weep-not Billing, of the same.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Seek-wisdom Wood, of the same.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">Meek Brewer, of Okeham.</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Much-mercy Cryer, of the same.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith White, of Ewhurst.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Small-hope Biggs, of Rye.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Earth Adams, of Warbleton.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent2">Repentance Avis, of Shoreham.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="br">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="dent2">The-peace-of-God Knight, of Burwash.</td></tr></table>
+
+<p>I dare say ninety-five per cent. of readers of Hume&#8217;s &#8220;History of England&#8221;
+have thought this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span> list of Sussex jurors a silly and extravagant hoax.
+They are &#8220;either a forgery or a joke,&#8221; says an indignant writer in <i>Notes
+and Queries</i>. Hume himself speaks of them as names adopted by converts,
+evidently unaware that these sobriquets were all but invariably affixed at
+the font. The truth of the matter is this. The names are real enough; the
+panel is not necessarily so. They are a collection of names existing in
+several Sussex villages at one and the same time. Everything vouches for
+their authenticity. The list was printed by Brome while the majority must
+be supposed still to be living; the villages in which they resided are
+given, the very villages whose registers we now turn to for Puritanic
+examples, with the certainty of unearthing them; above all, some of the
+names can be &#8220;run down&#8221; even now. <i>Accepted</i> or Approved Frewen, of
+<i>Northiam</i>, we have already referred to. <i>Free-gift</i> Mabbs, of
+<i>Chiddingly</i>, is met by the following entry from Chiddingly Church:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1616, &mdash;&mdash;. Buried Mary, wife of Free-gift Mabbs.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The will of <i>Redeemed</i> Compton, of Battle, was proved in London in 1641.
+<i>Restore</i> Weeks, of Cuckfield, is, no doubt, the individual who got
+married not far away, in Chiddingly Church:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1618, &mdash;&mdash;. Restore Weeks espoused Constant Semer.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span>&#8220;Increase Weeks, of Cuckfield,&#8221; may therefore be accepted as proven,
+especially as I have shown <i>Increase</i> to be a favourite Puritan name.
+These two would be brothers, or perchance father and son. As for the other
+names, the majority have already figured in this chapter. Fly-fornication
+is still found in Waldron register, though the surname is a different one.
+Return, Faint-not, Much-mercy, Be-thankful, Repentance, Safe-on-high,
+Renewed, and More-fruit, all have had their duplicates in the pages
+preceding. &#8220;<i>Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith</i> White, of Emer,&#8221; is the only
+unlikely sobriquet left to be dealt with. Thomas Adams, in his
+&#8220;Meditations upon the Creed,&#8221; in a passage already quoted, testified to
+its existence in 1629. The conclusion is irresistible: the names are
+authentic, and the panel may have been.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">(<i>c.</i>) <i>Royalists with Puritan Names.</i></p>
+
+<p>It may be asked whether or not the world went beyond scoffing. Was the
+stigma of a Puritan name a hindrance to the worldly advancement of the
+bearer? It is pleasant, in contradiction of any such theory, to quote the
+following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1663, Aug. Petition of <i>Arise</i> Evans to the King for an order that he
+may receive &pound;20 in completion of the &pound;70 given him by the King.&#8221;&mdash;C.
+S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span>In a second appeal made March, 1664 (C. S. P.), <i>Arise</i> reminds Charles of
+many &#8220;noble acts&#8221; done for him as a personal attendant during his exile.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1660, June. Petition of Handmaid, wife of Aaron Johnson,
+cabinet-maker, for the place for her husband of Warden in the Tower,
+he being eminently loyal.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1660, June. Petition of Increased Collins, His Majesty&#8217;s servant, for
+<i>restoration</i> to the keepership of Mote&#8217;s Bulwark, near Dover,
+appointed January, 1629, and dismissed in 1642, as not trustworthy,
+imprisoned and sequestered, and in 1645 tried for his life.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1660, Oct. Petition of Noah Bridges, and his son Japhet Bridges, for
+office of clerk to the House of Commons.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p>Thus it will be seen that, in the general rush for places of preferment at
+the Restoration, there were men and women bearing names of the most marked
+Puritanism, who did not hesitate to forward their appeals with the
+Williams and Richards of the world at large. They manifestly did not
+suppose their sobriquets would be any bar to preferment. One of them, too,
+had been body-man to Charles in his exile, and another had suffered in
+person and estate as a devoted adherent of royalty. We may hope and trust,
+therefore, that all this scoffing was of a good-humoured character.</p>
+
+<p>It was, doubtless, the prejudice against Puritan eccentricity that
+introduced civil titles as font names into England&mdash;a class specially
+condemned by Cartwright and his friends. At any rate, they are
+contemporary with the excesses of fanatic<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span> nomenclature, and are found
+just in the districts where the latter predominated. <i>Squire</i> must have
+arisen before Elizabeth died:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1626, March 21. Petition of Squire Bence.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1662, Oct. 30. Baptized Jane, d. of Squire Brockhall.&#8221;&mdash;Hornby, York.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1722, July 28. Baptized Squire, son of John Pysing and Bennet, his
+wife.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Duke</i> was the christian name of Captain Wyvill, a fervent loyalist, and
+grandson of Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, Bart., of Constable Burton, Yorkshire:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1681, Feb. 12. Baptized Duke, son of Robert Fance, K<sup>nt</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Squire</i> passed over the Atlantic, and is frequently to be seen in the
+States; so that if men may not squire themselves at the end of their names
+in the great republic, they may at the beginning.</p>
+
+<p>Yorkshire and Lancashire are the great centres for this class of names on
+English soil. <i>Squire</i> is found on every page of the West Riding
+Directory, such entries as Squire Jagger, Squire Whitley, Squire Hind,
+Squire Hardy, or Squire Chapman being of the commonest occurrence. <i>Duke</i>
+is also a favourite, Duke Redmayne and Duke Oldroyd meeting my eye after
+turning but half a dozen pages. But the great rival of <i>Squire</i> is
+<i>Major</i>. There is a kind of martial, if not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> braggadocio, air about the
+very sound, which has taken the ear of the Yorkshire folk. Close together
+I light upon Major Pullen, farmer; Major Wold, farmer; Major Smith,
+sexton; Major Marshall, ironmonger. Other illustrations are <i>Prince</i>
+Jewitt, <i>Earl</i> Moore, <i>Marshall</i> Stewart, and <i>Admiral</i> Fletcher. This
+custom has led to awkwardnesses. There was living at Burley, near Leeds, a
+short time ago, a &#8220;<i>Sir Robert</i> Peel.&#8221; In the same way &#8220;Earl Grey&#8221; is
+found. Sir Isaac Newton was living not long ago in the parish of Soho,
+London. Robinson Cruso still survives, hale and hearty, at King&#8217;s Lynn,
+and Dean Swift is far from dead, as the West Riding Directory proves.</p>
+
+<p>It was an odd idea that suggested &#8220;Shorter.&#8221; I have five instances of it,
+two from the Westminster Abbey registers:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1689, March 3. Buried Shorter Norris.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1690, July 9. Baptized Shorter, son of Robert and Ann Tanner.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Junior</i> is found so early as 1657:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1657, &mdash;&mdash;. Christened Junior, sonne of Robert Naze.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>Little is similarly used. Little Midgley in the West Riding Directory is
+scarcely a happy conjunction. In the same town are to be seen John Berry,
+side by side with &#8220;Young John Berry,&#8221; and Allen Mawson, with Young Allen
+Mawson.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center">VI. <span class="smcap">Bunyan&#8217;s Debt to the Puritans.</span></p>
+
+<p>But if the Sussex jury was not visionary, except for the panel, neither
+was that at Mansoul! What a text is this for the next biographer of
+Bunyan, if he have the courage to enter upon it! To suggest that the great
+dreamer was not a reprobate in his youth, and thus spoil the contrast
+between his converted and unconverted life, was a perilous act on Lord
+Macaulay&#8217;s part. To insinuate that he had a not altogether unpleasant time
+of it in the Bedford gaol, that he could have his friends to visit him,
+and, on the face of it, ink, paper, and quills to set down his
+meditations, even this is enough to set a section of political and
+religious society about our ears. But to hint that his character names
+were not wholly the offspring of his imagination, not thought out in the
+isolation of his dreary captivity, and not pictured in his brain, while
+his brain-pan was lying upon a hard and comfortless pallet&mdash;this, I know,
+not very long ago would have brought a mob about me! In the present day, I
+shall only be smiled upon with contempt, and condemned to a righteous
+ignominy by the superior judgment of the worshippers of John Bunyan!</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless I ask, were the great mass of Bunyan&#8217;s character names the
+creation of his own<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span> brain, or were they suggested by the nomenclature of
+his friends or neighbours in the days of his youth? It is the peculiarity
+of the names in the &#8220;Pilgrim&#8217;s Progress&#8221; and &#8220;Siege of Mansoul,&#8221; that they
+suggest the incidents of which the bearers are the heroes. But, in a large
+proportion of cases, these names already existed. Born in 1628, Bunyan saw
+Puritan character names at their climax. Living at Elstow, he was within
+the limits of the district most addicted to the practice. He had seen
+Christian and Hopeful, Christiana and Mercy, of necessity long before he
+was &#8220;haled to prison&#8221; at Bedford. The four fair damsels, Discretion,
+Piety, Charity, and Prudence, may and must have in part been his
+companions in his boyish rambles years before he met them in the Valley of
+Humiliation; and if afterwards, in the Siege of Mansoul, he turned Charity
+into a man, he was only doing what godfathers and godmothers had been
+doing for thirty years previously. The name and sweet character of
+<i>Faithful</i> might be a personal reminiscence, good Father <i>Honest</i> a
+quondam host on one of his preaching expeditions, and <i>Standfast</i>, &#8220;that
+right good pilgrim,&#8221; an old P&aelig;do-Baptist of his acquaintance. The
+shepherds <i>Watchful</i>, <i>Sincere</i>, and <i>Experience</i>, if not <i>Knowledge</i>,
+were known of all men, in less pastoral avocations. And as for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> the men
+that were panelled in the trial of the Diabolonians, we might set them
+side by side with the Sussex jury, and certainly the contrast for oddity
+would be in favour of the cricketing county. Messrs. Belief, True-heart,
+Upright, Hate-bad, Love-God, See-truth, Heavenly-mind, Thankful,
+Good-work, Zeal-for-God, and Humble have all, or well-nigh all, been
+quoted in this chapter, as registered by the church clerk a generation
+before Do-right, the town-clerk of Mansoul, called them over in court.
+&#8220;Do-right&#8221; himself is met by &#8220;Do-good,&#8221; and the witness &#8220;Search-truth&#8221; by
+&#8220;Search-the-Scriptures.&#8221; Even &#8220;Giant Despair&#8221; may have suffered
+convulsions in teething in the world of fact, before his fits took him in
+the world of dreams; and his wife &#8220;Diffidence&#8221; will be found, I doubt not,
+to have been at large before Bunyan &#8220;laid him down in a den.&#8221; Where names
+of evil repute come&mdash;and they are many&mdash;we do not expect to see their
+duplicates in the flesh. <i>Graceless</i>, <i>Love-lust</i>, <i>Live-loose</i>,
+<i>Hold-the-world</i>, and <i>Talkative</i> were not names for the Puritan, but
+their contraries were. <i>Grace</i> meets the case of <i>Grace-less</i>, <i>Love-lust</i>
+may be set by &#8220;Fly-fornication,&#8221; and <i>Live-loose</i> by &#8220;Live-well&#8221; or
+&#8220;Continent.&#8221; <i>Hold-the-world</i> is directly suggested by the favourite
+&#8220;Safe-on-high;&#8221; <i>Talkative</i>, by &#8220;Silence.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span>That John Bunyan is under debt to the Puritans for many of his characters
+must be unquestionable; and were he living now, or could we interview him
+where he is, I do not doubt we could extract from him, good honest man,
+the ready admission that in the names of the personages that flit before
+us in his unapproachable allegory, and which have charmed the fancy of old
+and young for so many generations, he was merely stereotyping the
+recollections of childhood, and commemorating, so far as sobriquets were
+concerned, the companionships of earlier years.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">VII. <span class="smcap">The Influence of Puritanism on American Nomenclature.</span></p>
+
+<p>Baptismal nomenclature to-day in the United States, especially in the old
+settlements, bears stronger impressions of the Puritan epoch than the
+English. Their ancestors were Puritans, who had fled England for
+conscience&#8217; sake. Their life, too, in the West was for generations
+primitive, almost patriarchal, in its simplicity. There was no bantering
+scorn of a wicked world to face; there was no deliberate effort made by
+any part of the community to restore the old names. To this day the
+impress remains. Take up a story of backwood life, such as American female
+writers affect so much, and it will be inscribed &#8220;Faith Gartney&#8217;s<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span>
+Girlhood,&#8221; or &#8220;Prudence Palfrey.&#8221; All the children that figure in these
+tales are &#8220;Truth,&#8221; or &#8220;Patience,&#8221; or &#8220;Charity,&#8221; or &#8220;Hope.&#8221; The true
+descendants of the early settlers are, to a man, woman, and child, even
+now bearers of names either from the abstract Christian graces or the
+narratives of Holy Scripture. Of course, the constant tide of immigration
+that has set in has been gradually telling against Puritan traditions. The
+grotesque in name selection, too, has gone further in some of the more
+retired and inaccessible districts of the States than the eastern border,
+or in England generally, where social restraints and the demands of custom
+are still respected. If we are to believe American authorities, there are
+localities where humour has certainly become grim, and the solemn rite of
+baptism somewhat burlesqued by a selection of names which throw into the
+shade even Puritan eccentricity.</p>
+
+<p>Look at the names of some of the earliest settlers of whom we have any
+authentic knowledge. We may mention the <i>Mayflower</i> first. In 1620 the
+emigrants by this vessel founded New Plymouth. This led to the planting of
+other colonies. Among the passengers were a girl named <i>Desire</i> Minter, a
+direct translation of Desiderata, which had just become popular in
+England;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> William Brewster, the ruling elder; his son <i>Love</i> Brewster, who
+married, settled, and died there in 1650, leaving four children; and a
+younger son, <i>Wrestling</i> Brewster. The daughters had evidently been left
+in England till a comfortable home could be found for them, for next year
+there arrived at New Plymouth, in the <i>Ann</i> and <i>Little James</i>, <i>Fear</i>
+Brewster and <i>Patience</i> Brewster. Patience very soon married Thomas
+Prince, one of the first governors. On this same memorable journey of the
+<i>Mayflower</i> came also <i>Remember</i>, daughter of Isaac Allerton, first
+assistant to the new governor; <i>Resolved</i> White, who married and left five
+children in the colony; and <i>Humility</i> Cooper, who by-and-by returned to
+England.</p>
+
+<p>A little later on, in the <i>Ann</i> and <i>Little James</i>, again came Manasseh
+Faunce and <i>Experience</i> Mitchell. In a &#8220;List of Living&#8221; in Virginia, made
+February 16, 1623, is <i>Peaceable</i> Sherwood. In a &#8220;muster&#8221; taken January
+30, 1624, occur <i>Revolt</i> Morcock and <i>Amity</i> Waine.</p>
+
+<p>There is a conversation in &#8220;The Ordinary&#8221;&mdash;a drama written in 1634 or
+1635, by Cartwright, the man whose &#8220;body was as handsome as his soul,&#8221; as
+Langbaine has it&mdash;which may be quoted here. <i>Hearsay</i> says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 8em;">&#8220;London air,</span><br />
+Methinks, begins to be too hot for us.<br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Slicer.</i> There is no longer tarrying here: let&#8217;s swear</span><br />
+Fidelity to one another, and<br />
+So resolve for New England.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Hearsay.</i> &#8217;Tis but getting</span><br />
+A little pigeon-hole reformed ruff&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Slicer.</i> Forcing our beards into th&#8217; orthodox bent&mdash;&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Shape.</i> Nosing a little treason &#8217;gainst the king,</span><br />
+Bark something at the bishops, and we shall<br />
+Be easily received.&#8221;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 16em;">Act iv. sc. 5.</span></p>
+
+<p>It is interesting to remember that 1635, when this was written, saw the
+high tide of Puritan emigration. The list of passengers that have come
+down to us prove it. After that date the names cease to represent the
+sterner spirit of revolt against episcopacy and the Star Chamber.</p>
+
+<p>In the ship <i>Francis</i>, from Ipswich, April 30, 1634, came <i>Just</i> Houlding.
+In the <i>Elizabeth</i>, landed April 17, 1635, <i>Hope-still</i> Foster and
+<i>Patience</i> Foster. From the good barque <i>James</i>, July 13, 1635, set foot
+on shore <i>Remembrance</i> Tybbott. In the <i>Hercules</i> sailed hither, in 1634,
+<i>Comfort</i> Starre, &#8220;chirurgeon.&#8221; In 1635 settled <i>Patient</i> White. In a book
+of entry, dated April 12, 1632, is registered <i>Perseverance</i> Greene, as
+one who is to be passed on to New England.</p>
+
+<p>Such names as Constant Wood, Temperance Hall, Charity Hickman, Fayth
+Clearke, or Grace Newell, I simply record and pass on. That these names
+were perpetuated is clear. The older States<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span> teem with them now; American
+story-books for girls are full of them. <i>Humility</i> Cooper, of 1620, is met
+by an entry of burial in St. Michael&#8217;s, Barbados:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1678, May 16. <i>Humility</i> Hobbs, from ye almshous.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The churchwardens of St. James&#8217; Barbados, have entered an account of
+lands, December 20, 1679, wherein is set down</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Madam <i>Joye</i> Sparks, 12 servants, 150 negroes.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Increase</i> Mather is a familiar name to students of American history. His
+father, Richard Mather, was born at Liverpool in 1596. Richard left for
+New England in 1635, with his four sons, Samuel, Nathaniel, Eleazar, and
+Increase. Cotton Mather was a grandson. About the same time, Charles
+Chauncey (of a Hertfordshire family), late Vicar of Ware, who had been
+imprisoned for refusing to rail in his communion table, settled in New
+England. Dying there in 1671, as president of Harvard College, he
+bequeathed, through his children, the following names to the land of his
+adoption:&mdash;Isaac, Ichabod, Sarah, Barnabas, Elnathan, and Nathaniel. Both
+the Mathers and the Chaunceys, therefore, sent out a Nathaniel. Adding
+these to the large number of Nathaniels found in the lists of emigrants
+published by Mr.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span> Hotten, no wonder Nathaniel became for a time the first
+name on American soil, and that &#8220;Nat&#8221; should have got instituted into a
+pet name. Jonathan was not to be compared to it for a moment.</p>
+
+<p>But we have not done with the Chaunceys. One of the most singular
+accidents that ever befell nomenclature has befallen them. What has
+happened to Sidney in England, has happened to Chauncey in America, only
+&#8220;more so.&#8221; The younger Chaunceys married and begot children. A grandson of
+Isaac Chauncey died at Boston, in 1787, aged eighty-three. He was a great
+patriot, preacher, and philanthropist at a critical time in his country&#8217;s
+history. The name had spread, too, and no wonder that it suggested itself
+to the authoress of &#8220;Uncle Tom&#8217;s Cabin&#8221; as a character name. She, however,
+placed it in its proper position as a surname. It may be that Mrs. Stowe
+has given the use of this patronymic as a baptismal name an impulse, but
+it had been so used long before she herself was born. It was a memorial of
+Charles Chauncey, of Boston. It has now an average place throughout all
+the eastern border and the older settlements. I take up the New York
+Directory for 1878, and at once light upon Chauncey Clark, Chauncey Peck,
+and Chauncey Quintard; while, to distinguish the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> great Smith family,
+there are Chauncey Smith, lawyer, Chauncey Smith, milk-dealer, Chauncey
+Smith, meat-seller, and Chauncey Smith, junior, likewise engaged in the
+meat market. Thus, it is popular with all classes. In my London Directory
+for 1870, there are six Sidney Smiths and one Sydney Smith. Chauncey and
+Sidney seem likely to run a race in the two countries, but Chauncey has
+much the best of it at present.</p>
+
+<p>Another circumstance contributed to the formation of Americanisms in
+nomenclature. The further the Puritan emigrants drew away from the old
+familiar shores, the more predominant the spirit of liberty grew. It was
+displayed, amongst other ways, in the names given to children born on
+board vessel.<a name='fna_60' id='fna_60' href='#f_60'><small>[60]</small></a> It was an outlet for their pent-up enthusiasm.
+Shakespeare puts into the mouth of Pericles&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">&#8220;We cannot but obey</span><br />
+The powers above us. Could I rage and roar<br />
+As doth the sea she lies on, yet the end<br />
+Must be as &#8217;tis. My gentle babe, <i>Marina</i> (whom,<br />
+For she was born at sea, I&#8217;ve named so) here<br />
+I charge your charity withal, leaving her<br />
+The infant of your care.&#8221;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Act iii. sc. 3.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span>The Puritan did the same. <i>Oceanus</i> Hopkins was born on the high seas in
+the <i>Mayflower</i>, 1620; <i>Peregrine</i> White came into the world as the same
+vessel touched at Cape Cod; <i>Sea-born</i> Egginton, whose birth &#8220;happened in
+his berth,&#8221; as Hood would say, is set down as owner of some land and a
+batch of negroes later on (Hotten, p. 453); while the marriage of
+<i>Sea-mercy</i> Adams with Mary Brett is recorded, in 1686, in Philadelphia
+(Watson&#8217;s &#8220;Annals of Philadelphia,&#8221; 1. 503). Again, we find the
+following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1626, Nov. 6. Grant of denization to Bonaventure Browne, born beyond
+sea, but of English parents.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P.</p></div>
+
+<p>No doubt his parents went over the Atlantic on board the <i>Bonaventure</i>,
+which was plying then betwixt England and the colonies (<i>vide</i> list of
+ships in Hotten&#8217;s &#8220;Emigrants,&#8221; pp. vii. and 35).</p>
+
+<p>We have another instance in the &#8220;baptismes&#8221; of St. George&#8217;s, Barbados:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1678, Oct. 13. Samuel, ye son of Bonaventure Jellfes.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Allowing the father to be forty years old, <i>his</i> parents would be crossing
+the water about the time the good ship <i>Bonaventure</i> was plying.</p>
+
+<p>Again, we find the following (Hotten, p. 245):&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>&#8220;Muster of John Laydon:<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&#8220;John Laydon, aged 44, in the <i>Swan</i>, 1606.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&#8220;Anne Laydon, aged 30, in the <i>Mary Margett</i>, 1608.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&#8220;Virginia Laydon (daughter), borne in Virginia.&#8221;</span></p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span>All this, as will be readily conceived, has tended to give a marked
+character to New England nomenclature. The very names of the children born
+to these religious refugees are one of the most significant tokens to us
+in the nineteenth century of the sense of liberty they felt in the
+present, and of the oppression they had undergone in the past.</p>
+
+<p>If we turn from these lists of passengers, found in the archives of
+English ports, not to mention &#8220;musters&#8221; already quoted, to records
+preserved by our Transatlantic cousins, we readily trace the effect of
+Puritanism on the first generation of native-born Americans.</p>
+
+<p>From Mr. Bowditch&#8217;s interesting book on &#8220;Suffolk Surnames,&#8221; published in
+the United States, we find the following baptismal names to have been in
+circulation there: Standfast, Life, Increase, Supply, Donation, Deodat,
+Given, Free-grace, Experience, Temperance, Prudence, Mercy, Dependance,
+Deliverance, Hope, Reliance, Hopestill, Fearing, Welcome, Desire, Amity,
+Comfort, Rejoice, Pardon, Remember, Wealthy, and Consider. Nothing can be
+more interesting than the analysis of this list. With two exceptions,
+every name can be proved, from my own collection alone, to have been
+introduced from the mother country.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span> In many instances, no doubt, Mr.
+Bowditch was referring to the same individual; in others to their
+children. The mention of <i>Wealthy</i> reminds us of Wealthy, Riches, and
+Fortune, already demonstrated to be popular English names. <i>Fortune</i> went
+out to New England in the person of Fortune Taylor, who appears in a roll
+of Virginian immigrants, 1623. Settling down there as a name of happy
+augury for the colonists&#8217; future, both spiritual and material, she
+reappears, in the person of Fortune the spinster, in the popular New
+England story entitled &#8220;The Wide, Wide World.&#8221; Even &#8220;<i>Preserved</i>,&#8221; known
+in England in 1640, was to be seen in the New York Directory in 1860; and
+<i>Consider</i>, which crossed the Atlantic two hundred and fifty years ago, so
+grew and multiplied as to be represented at this moment in the directory
+just mentioned, in the form of</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Consider Parish, merchant, Clinton, Brooklyn.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Bowditch adds &#8220;<i>Search-the-Scriptures</i>&#8221; to his list of names that
+crossed the Atlantic. This tallies with Search-the-Scriptures Moreton, of
+Salehurst, one of the supposed sham jury already treated of. He quotes
+also <i>Hate-evil</i> Nutter from a colonial record of 1649.<a name='fna_61' id='fna_61' href='#f_61'><small>[61]</small></a> Here again we
+are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span> reminded of Bunyan&#8217;s Diabolonian jury, one of whom was <i>Hate-bad</i>. It
+is all but certain from the date that Hate-evil went out from the old
+country. The name might be perfectly familiar to the great dreamer,
+therefore. <i>Faint-not</i> Wines, Mr. Bowditch says, became a freeman in 1644,
+so that the popularity of that great Puritan name was not allowed to be
+limited by the English coast. In this same year settled <i>Faithful</i>
+Rouse&mdash;one more memorial of English nonconformity.</p>
+
+<p>English Puritanism must stand the guilty cause of much modern humour, not
+to say extravagance, in American name-giving. Puns compounded of baptismal
+name and surname are more popular there than with us. Robert New has his
+sons christened Nothing and Something. Price becomes Sterling Price;
+Carrol, Christmas Carrol; Mixer, Pepper Mixer; Hopper, Opportunity Hopper;
+Ware, China Ware; Peel, Lemon Peel; Codd, Salt Codd; and Gentle, Always
+Gentle. It used to be said of the English House of Commons that there were
+in it two Lemons, with only one Peel, and the Register-General not long
+since called attention in one of his reports to the existence of Christmas
+Day. We have, too, Cannon Ball, Dunn Brown, Friend Bottle (London
+Directory), and River Jordan, not to mention two brothers named Jolly
+Death and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span> Sudden Death, the former of whom figured in a trial lately as
+witness. The <i>Times</i> of December 7, 1878, announced the death of Mr.
+Emperor Adrian, a Local Government Board member. Nevertheless, the
+practice prevails much more extensively across the water, and the reason
+is not far to seek.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Bowditch seems to imagine, we notice, America to be a modern girl&#8217;s
+name. He says administration upon the estate of America Sparrow was
+granted in 1855, while in 1857 America C. Tabb was sued at law. America
+and Americus were in use in England four hundred years ago (<i>vide</i>
+&#8220;English Surnames,&#8221; 2nd edit., p. 29), and two centuries ago we meet with</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;America Baguley, 1669, his halfpeny,&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>on a token. <i>Amery</i> was the ordinary English dress.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="EPILOGUE" id="EPILOGUE"></a>EPILOGUE.</h2>
+<p class="title">DOUBLE CHRISTIAN NAMES: THEIR RISE AND PROGRESS.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">I. <span class="smcap">Royal Double Names.</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;But two christian names are rare in England, and I only remember now
+his Majesty, who was named Charles James, as the Prince his sonne
+Henry Frederic: and among private men, Thomas Maria Wingfield and Sir
+Thomas Posthumus Hobby.&#8221;&mdash;Camden.</p></div>
+
+<p>If we take this sentence literally, the great antiquary, who knew more of
+the families and pedigrees of the English aristocracy than any other man
+of his day, could only recall to his mind four cases of double Christian
+names. This was in 1614.</p>
+
+<p>At the outset, therefore, there is significance in this statement. Mr.
+Blunt, in his &#8220;Annotated Prayer-Book,&#8221; says of &#8220;N. or M.&#8221; in the
+Catechism&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;N. was anciently used as the initial of Nomen, and &#8216;Nomen vel Nomina&#8217;
+was expressed by &#8216;N. vel NN.,&#8217; the double N being afterwards corrupted
+into M.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span>If this be a correct explanation, &#8220;M.&#8221; must refer to cases where more than
+one child was brought to the priest, N. standing for an occasion where
+only one infant was presented. In a word, &#8220;N. or M.&#8221; could not stand for
+&#8220;Thomas or Thomas Henry,&#8221; but for &#8220;Thomas or Thomas and Henry.&#8221; If this be
+unsatisfactory, then Mr. Blunt&#8217;s explanation is unsatisfactory.</p>
+
+<p>Camden&#8217;s sentence may be set side by side with Lord Coke&#8217;s decision. In
+his &#8220;First Institute&#8221; (Coke upon Littleton) he says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;And regularly it is requisite that the purchaser be named by the name
+of baptism, and his surname, and that special heed be taken to the
+name of baptism; for that a man cannot have two names of baptism, as
+he may have divers surnames.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Again, he adds&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his
+confirmation by the bishop, he is named John, he may purchase by the
+name of his confirmation.... And this doth agree with our ancient
+books, where it is holden that a man may have divers names at divers
+times, but not divers christian names.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This is all very plain. Even in James I.&#8217;s days thousands of our
+countrymen had no fixed surnames, and changed them according to caprice or
+fancy. But the christian name was a fixture, saving in the one case of
+confirmation. Lord Coke is referring to an old rule laid down by
+Archbishop Peckham, wherein any child whose baptismal name, by accident or
+evil thought, had a bad significance<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span> is advised, if not compelled, to
+change it for one of more Christian import.</p>
+
+<p>The chief point of interest, however, in this decision of Lord Coke&#8217;s, is
+the patent fact that no thought of a double christian name is present in
+his mind. Had it been otherwise, he would never have worded it as he has
+done. Archbishop Peckham&#8217;s rule had evidently been infringed, and Lord
+Coke upholds the infringement. A child with such an orthodox name as
+Thomas (a name with no immoral significance) might, he lays it down,
+become John at confirmation. Even in such a case as this, however, John is
+not to be added to Thomas; it must take its place, and Thomas cease to be
+recognized.</p>
+
+<p>Lord Coke, of course, was aware that Charles I.&#8217;s queen was Henrietta
+Maria, the late king Charles James, and his son Henry Frederic. It is
+possible, nay probable, that he was not ignorant of Thomas Maria
+Wingfield&#8217;s existence, or that of Thomas Posthumus Hobby. But that these
+double baptismal names should ever become an every-day custom, that the
+lower and middle classes should ever adopt them, that even the higher
+orders should ever go beyond the use of &#8220;Maria&#8221; and &#8220;Posthumus,&#8221; seems
+never to have suggested itself to his imagination.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span>There is no doubt the custom came from France in the first instance.
+There, as in England, it was confined to the royal and aristocratic
+circles. The second son of Catharine de&#8217; Medici was baptized Edward
+Alexander in 1551. Mary Stuart followed the new fashion in the names of
+her son Charles James. The higher nobility of England slowly copied the
+practice, but within most carefully prescribed limits.</p>
+
+<p>One limitation was, the double name must be one already patronized by
+royalty.</p>
+
+<p>Henrietta Maria found her title repeated in Henrietta Maria Stanley,
+daughter of the ill-fated James, Earl of Derby, who for his determined
+loyalty was beheaded at Bolton, in Lancashire, in 1651. She was born on
+the 17th of November, 1630, and was buried in York Minster on the 13th of
+January, 1685. Sir Peter Ball, attorney to the queen of Charles I.,
+baptized his seventeenth child by the name of his royal mistress,
+Henrietta Maria. He followed her fortunes after as before the king&#8217;s
+execution (Polwhel&#8217;s &#8220;Devon,&#8221; p. 157). These must both have been
+considered remarkable cases in their day. The loyalty of the act would be
+its sanction in the eyes of their friends.</p>
+
+<p>But while some copied the double name of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span> queen (also the name of the
+queen&#8217;s mother), other nobles who had boys to christen mimicked the royal
+nursery of James I. Henry Frederick, Earl of Arundel, was born in 1608,
+and Henry Frederick Thynne, brother of Lord Weymouth, was created a
+baronet in 1641. No one need doubt the origin of these double forms. Again
+loyalty would be their answer against objections.</p>
+
+<p>But side by side with these went &#8220;Maria&#8221; (used for either sex) and
+&#8220;Posthumus,&#8221; or Posthuma&mdash;the only two instances recalled by Camden as in
+use among &#8220;private men.&#8221; There seems good reason to believe that, for two
+or three generations at least, these were deemed, by some unwritten code,
+the only permissible second names outside the royal list.</p>
+
+<p>The case of Wingfield is curious. Three generations, at least, bore a
+second name &#8220;Maria,&#8221; all males. The first was Edward Maria, of Kimbolton,
+who received the female title in honour of, and from, the Princess Mary,
+daughter of Henry VIII., his godmother; the second was Thomas Maria,
+adduced by Camden; and the third is referred to in the following document:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1639, April. Bill of complaint relative to the sale of the manor of
+Keyston, Hunts, by Edward Maria Wingfield.&#8221;&mdash;C. S. P., 1639.</p></div>
+
+<p>Maria had long been common in Italy, France,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span> and Spain, as a second name,
+and still is, whether for a boy or girl, the child being thereby specially
+committed to the protection of the Virgin. The earliest instances in
+England, however, were directly given in honour of two royal godmothers,
+who happened to be Mary in one case, and Henrietta Maria in the other.
+Hence the seeming transference of the foreign second name Maria to our own
+shores. Thus introduced, Maria began to circulate in society generally as
+an allowed second name:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1610, July 10. Baptized Charles Maria, sonne of Charles Chute,
+Esquire.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dunstan-in-the-West.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1640, &mdash;&mdash;. Died Gulielma Maria Posthuma Springett.&#8221;&mdash;Tablet,
+Ringmer, Lewes, Sussex.</p></div>
+
+<p>This last was a bold procedure, three names being an unheard-of event. But
+the sponsor might reply that he was only placing together the two
+recognized second names, Maria and Posthuma. Later on, Maria is again
+found in the same family. In the year 1672, William Penn, the Quaker,
+married Gulielma Maria, daughter of Sir William Springett.</p>
+
+<p>Posthuma (as in the above instance), or Posthumus, is still more
+remarkable. The idea of styling a child by this name, thus connecting its
+birth with the father&#8217;s antecedent death, seems to have touched a
+sympathetic chord, and the practice began widely to prevail. The first
+example I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span> have seen stands as a single name. Thus, in the Canterbury
+Cathedral register, is recorded:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1572, Feb. 10. Christened Posthumus, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The following is the father&#8217;s entry of burial:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1571, June 8. Buried Robert Pownoll.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the earliest instance I have seen. Very soon it was deemed right
+to make it a second name:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1632, Sept. 18. Baptized Henry Postumus, son of James
+Gamble.&#8221;&mdash;Doncaster.</p></div>
+
+<p>Sir Thomas Posthumus Hoby, Knight, lord of the manor of Hackness, died in
+1641. He bequeathed the greater portion of his estates to &#8220;his dearly
+beloved and esteemed cozen John Sydenham,&#8221; of Brimpton, Somerset, who,
+being baroneted in July, 1641, died in 1642, and was succeeded by his son
+Sir John Posthumus Sydenham. Posthumus, possibly, in this case was
+commemorative of Sir Thomas, and not of Sir John. William Ball, son of Sir
+Peter Ball, already mentioned, married Maria Posthuma Hussey. This must
+have occurred before the Commonwealth, but I have not the exact date.</p>
+
+<p>The character of all these names is sufficient proof of their rarity. All
+belong, with one exception, to the higher ranks of society. All were
+called<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span> after the children in the royal nursery, or Maria or Posthuma was
+the second component. Several formed the double name with both. It seems
+certain that at first it was expected that, if people in high life were to
+give encouragement to the new fashion, they must do so within certain
+carefully defined limits. As for any lower class, it was never imagined
+that they would dream of aspiring to such a daring innovation. The
+earliest instance of this class, I find, still has Mary for its second
+component, and commemorates two English queens:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1667, Jan. 12. Baptized Elizabeth Mary, being of the age of 18 and
+upwards, daughter to John Allen, and Emm his wife, both of them being
+pro-baptists.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>Even to the close of the seventeenth century, if a middle-class man gave
+his child a double name, it must be to commemorate royalty:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1696, June 4. Baptized William Henry, son of Mr. Jacob Janeway, and
+Francis his wife.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>William III. was christened William Henry.</p>
+
+<p>Speaking of Mary&#8217;s husband, we may add that two of the most familiar
+conjunctions of the present day among the middle and lower classes, that
+of Anna Maria or Mary Ann, arose similarly. In Italy and France the two
+went together a hundred years earlier, in connection with the Virgin and
+her mother. In England they are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span> only found since 1700, being used as
+commemorative of the sisters Anne and Mary, both queens. Like William
+Henry, the combination has been popular ever since:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1717, Feb. 15. Christened Anne-Mary, d. of James Hebert, mercer.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1729, March 30. Christened Anna-Maria, d. of Thomas and Mary Hoare,
+pewterer.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>The clerk of Finchley Church could not understand this conjunction&mdash;not to
+add that his education seems to have been slightly neglected:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1715, Feb. 26. Baptized Anammeriah, d. of Thomas and Eliz. Biby.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1716, M<sup>ch</sup>. 17. Baptized Anameriah, d. of Richard and Sarah Bell.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>These are the first double names to be found in this register.</p>
+
+<p>The Latin form represents the then prevailing fashion. There was not a
+girl&#8217;s name in use that was not Latinized. Goldsmith took off the custom
+in his &#8220;Vicar of Wakefield,&#8221; in the names of Sophia, Olivia, and Carolina
+Wilhelmina Amelia Skeggs. The latter hit at the new rage for double and
+treble baptismal names also; for the day came when two names were not
+enough. In 1738 George III. was christened George William Frederic. Gilly
+Williams, writing to George Selwyn, December 12, 1764, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span>&#8220;Lord Downe&#8217;s child is to
+be christened this evening. The sponsors I know not, but his three names made me laugh not a little&mdash;John
+Christopher Burton. I wish to God, when he arrives at the years of
+puberty, he may marry Mary Josephina Antonietta Bentley.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Memoirs of
+George Selwyn,&#8221; by Jesse, quoted by Mr. Waters in &#8220;Parish Registers,&#8221; p. 31.</p></div>
+
+<p>I need scarcely add that three do not nearly satisfy the craving of many
+people in the nineteenth century, nor did they everybody in the
+eighteenth:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1781, April 29. Bapt. Charles Caractacus Ostorius Maximilian Gustavus
+Adolphus, son of Charles Stone, tailor.&#8221;&mdash;Burbage, Wilts.</p></div>
+
+<p>In Beccles Church occurs the following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1804, Oct. 14. Bapt. Zaphnaphpaaneah Isaiah Obededom Nicodemus
+Francis Edward, son of Henry and Sarah Clarke.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Only Francis Edward could be got in the ordinary place, so the rest had to
+be furnished in a note at the foot of the page.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;On Oct. 8th, 1876, in the revision of the parliamentary list at
+Preston, a claimant appeared bearing the name of Thomas Hill Joseph
+Napoleon Horatio Bonaparte Swindlehurst Nelson. The vote was allowed,
+and the revising barrister ordered the full name to be inserted on the
+register.&#8221;&mdash;<i>Manchester Evening News</i>, October 11, 1876.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">II. <span class="smcap">Conjoined Names.</span></p>
+
+<p>Returning to the first half of the seventeenth century, we find strong
+testimony of the rarity of these double names, and a feeling that there
+was something akin to illegality in their use, from our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span> registers,
+wherein an attempt was made to glue two names together as one, without a
+hyphen or a second capital letter. Take the following, all registered
+within a generation or two of Camden&#8217;s remark:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1602, May 24. Baptized Fannasibilla, d. of Thomas
+Temple.&#8221;&mdash;Sibbesdon, Leicestershire.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here is a palpable attempt to unite Francis (Fanny) and Sybil.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1648, Jan. 25. Baptized Aberycusgentylis, son of Richard Balthropp,
+gent.&#8221;&mdash;Iver, Buckingham.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here the father has been anxious to commemorate the great Oxford
+professor, the father of international law, Dr. Abericus Gentilis. He has
+avoided a breach of supposed national law by writing the two names in one.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1614, Aprill 16. Buried Jockaminshaw Butler, wife of James Butler,
+potter, in Bishopsgate Street.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p>The surname of &#8220;Shaw&#8221; has done service hundreds of times since then as a
+second baptismal name.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1640, May 7. Baptized Johnamaria, ye son of Frances Ansloe, and Clare
+his wife.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here again is the inevitable Maria, but so inwoven with John, that Lord
+Coke&#8217;s legal maxim could not touch the case. It is the same in the
+following example:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1632, &mdash;&mdash;. Married John Pell to Ithamaria, d. of Henry Reynolles, of
+London.&#8221;&mdash;Lower, &#8220;Worthies of Sussex,&#8221; p. 178.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span>One of the most strange samples of conjoined names is this:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1595, April 3. Joane, whome we maye call Yorkkooppe, because she was
+ye basterd daughter, as yt is comonlye reported, of one John York and
+Anne Cooper.&#8221;&mdash;Landbeach.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here is a double conjunction; John and Anne forming Jo-ane, and York and
+Cooper, Yorkkooppe. The first is neat, the second clumsy: but, doubtless,
+the clerk who wielded the goose-quill deemed both a masterpiece of
+ingenuity.</p>
+
+<p>The following is interesting:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1616, July 13, being Satterday, about half an hour before 10 of the
+clocke in the forenoon, was born the Lady Georgi-Anna, daughter to the
+Right Hon. Lady Frances, Countess of Exeter; and the same Ladie
+Georgi-Anna was baptized 30th July, 1616, being Tuesday, Queen Anne
+and the Earl of Worcester, Lord Privie Seal, being witnesses: and the
+Lorde Bishop of London administered the baptism.&#8221;&mdash;<i>Vide</i> R. E. C.
+Waters, &#8220;Parish Registers.&#8221; 1870.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">III. <span class="smcap">Hyphened Names.</span></p>
+
+<p>It will be noticed that so far the two names were both (saving in the case
+of Aberycusgentylis and Jockaminshaw) from the recognized list of
+baptismal names. About the reign of Anne the idea of a patronymic for a
+second name seems to have occurred. To meet the supposed legal exigencies
+the two names were simply hyphened. We will confine our instances to the
+register of Canterbury Cathedral:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span>&#8220;1721, Jan. 20. Baptized Howe-Lee,
+son of Lee Warner, Esquire, and Mary his wife.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1728, July 4. Baptized Francis-Gunsby, son of Dr. William Ayerst,
+prebendary of this church.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1746, Sep. 28. Baptized James-Smith, son of James Horne, and Mary his
+wife.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>I need not say that at first these children bore the name in common
+parlance of Howe-Lee, or Francis-Gunsby, or James-Smith. The two were
+never separated, but treated as one name. To this day traces of this
+eighteenth-century habit are to be found. I know an old gentleman and his
+wife, people of the old school, dwelling somewhat out of the world, who
+address a child invariably by all its baptismal titles. The effect is very
+quaint. In all formal and legal processes the two or three names have to
+be employed, and clergymen who only recite the first in the marriage
+service, as I have heard some do, are in reality guilty of misdemeanour.</p>
+
+<p>How odd all these contrivances to modern eyes! We take up a directory, and
+every other registration we look on is made up of three names. The poorer
+classes are even more particular than the aristocracy upon the point. The
+lady-help, describing her own superior merit, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Do not think that we resemble<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Betsy Jane or Mary Ann,</span><br />
+Women born in lowly cottage,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bred for broom or frying-pan.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span>And yet, in forty-nine church registers out of fifty, throughout the
+length and breadth of England, there will not be found a single instance
+of a double christian name previous to the year 1700. Mr. Maskell has
+failed to find any instance in the register of All-Hallows, Barking, and
+the Harleian Society&#8217;s publication of the registers of St. Peter,
+Cornhill, and St. Dionis Backchurch only confirms the assertion I have
+made.</p>
+
+<p>Many stories have arisen upon these double names. A Mr. Gray, bearing the
+once familiar Christian name of Anketil, wanted the certificate of his
+baptism. The register was carefully searched&mdash;in vain; the neighbouring
+registers were as thoroughly scanned&mdash;in vain. Again the first register
+was referred to, and upon a closer investigation he was found entered as
+Ann Kettle Gray.</p>
+
+<p>Not very long ago a child was brought to the font for baptism. &#8220;What
+name?&#8221; asked the parson. &#8220;John,&#8221; was the reply. &#8220;Anything else?&#8221; &#8220;John
+<i>h</i>only,&#8221; said the godparent, putting in an &#8220;h&#8221; where it was not needed.
+&#8220;John Honly, I baptize thee,&#8221; etc., continued the clergyman, thus thrown
+off his guard. The child was entered with the double name.</p>
+
+<p>In Gutch&#8217;s &#8220;Geste of Robin Hode&#8221; (vol. i. p. 342) there is a curious note
+anent Maid Marian, wherein<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span> some French writers are rebuked for supposing
+Marian to be composed of Mary and Ann, and the statement is made that it
+is from Mariamne, the wife of Herod! Marian or Marion, of course, is the
+diminutive of Mary, the other pet form being Mariot. Nevertheless the
+great commonness of the double christian name Mary Ann is consequent on
+the idea that Marian is compounded of both.</p>
+
+<p>In the registers of marriages at Halifax parish church (December 1, 1878)
+is the name of a witness, Charity H&mdash;&mdash;. He&mdash;it was a <i>he</i>&mdash;is the third
+child of his parents, two sisters, Faith and Hope, having preceded him.
+His full baptismal name is &#8220;And Charity,&#8221; and in his own marriage
+certificate his name is so written. In ordinary affairs he is content with
+Charity alone (<i>Notes and Queries</i>, August 16, 1879). This could not have
+happened previous to Queen Anne&#8217;s reign. Acts-Apostles Pegden&#8217;s will was
+administered upon in 1865. His four elder brothers bore the four
+Evangelists&#8217; names. This, again, could not well have occurred before the
+eighteenth century was in. In Yorkshire directories one may see such
+entries as John Berry, and immediately below, Young John Berry. This
+represents a common pleasantry at the font among the &#8220;tykes,&#8221; but is
+necessarily<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span> modern. Nor could &#8220;Sir Isaac&#8221; or &#8220;Sir Robert,&#8221; as pr&aelig;nomens
+to &#8220;Newton&#8221; or &#8220;Peel,&#8221; have been originated at any distant period.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">IV. <span class="smcap">The Decay of Single Patronymics in Baptism.</span></p>
+
+<p>The introduction of double baptismal names produced a revolution as
+immediate as it was unintentional. It put a stop to what bade fair to
+become a universal adoption of patronymics as single baptismal names. This
+practice took its rise about the year 1580. It became customary in highly
+placed families to christen the eldest son by the name of the landed
+estate to which he was heir. Especially was it common when the son
+succeeded to property through his mother; then the mother&#8217;s surname was
+his Christian name. With the introduction of second baptismal names, this
+custom ceased, and the boy or girl, as the case might be, after a first
+orthodox name of Robert or Cecilia, received as a second the patronymic
+that before was given alone. Instead of Neville Clarke the name would be
+Charles Neville Clarke. From the year 1700, say, this has been a growing
+custom, and half our present list of treble names are thus formed.<a name='fna_62' id='fna_62' href='#f_62'><small>[62]</small></a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span>The custom of giving patronymic names was, for a century at least,
+peculiar to England, and is still rare on the Continent. Camden notices
+the institution of the practice:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Whereas in late yeares sirnames have beene given for christian names
+among us, and no where else in Christendome: although many dislike it,
+for that great inconvenience will ensue: neverthelesse it seemeth to
+procede from hearty goodwill and affection of the godfathers, to shew
+their love, or from a desire to continue and propagate their owne
+names to succeeding ages. And is in no wise to bee disliked, but
+rather approoved in those which, matching with heires generall of
+worshipfull ancient families, have given those names to their heires,
+with a mindefull and thankfull regard of them, as we have now
+Pickering, Wotton, Grevill, Varney, Bassingburne, Gawdy, Calthorpe,
+Parker, Pecsal, Brocas, Fitz-Raulfe, Chamberlanie, who are the heires
+of Pickering, etc.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Remaines,&#8221; 1614.</p></div>
+
+<p>Fuller says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Reader, I am confident an instance can hardly be produced of a
+surname made christian in England, save since the Reformation....
+Since it hath been common.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Worthies,&#8221; i. 159, 160.</p></div>
+
+<p>For two hundred years this custom had the widest popularity among the
+higher classes, and from some of our registers there are traces that the
+lower orders were about to adopt the practice. In the case of female
+heiresses the effect is odd. However, this was got over sometimes by
+giving a feminine termination:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1660, Aug. 28. John Hendon, Knight, of Biddenden in Kent, and
+Northamtonia Haward, of Tandridge in Surrey, married.&#8221;&mdash;Streatham,
+Surrey.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span>&#8220;1711, Jan. 3. Buried Jermyna, d. of Mr. Edward Tyson, gent.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1699, March 7. Nathaniel Parkhurst and Althamia Smith, of Kensington,
+married.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Althamia was daughter of Altham Smyth, barrister, son of Sir Thomas Smyth,
+of Hill Hall, Essex (Chester&#8217;s &#8220;Westminster Abbey,&#8221; p. 173).</p>
+
+<p>But more often they were without the feminine desinence:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1639, Oct. 18. Buried Essex, daughter of Lord Paget.&#8221;&mdash;Drayton
+(Lyson&#8217;s &#8220;Middlesex,&#8221; p. 42).</p></div>
+
+<p>Will of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, 1680 (Doctors&#8217; Commons):</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Item: To my daughter <i>Mallet</i>, when shee shall have attained the like
+age of sixteen, the summe of foure thousand pounds.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The Countess of Rochester was Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Mallet,
+Esq., of Enmore, Somerset.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1699. Petition of Windebank Coote, widow, to the Lords of the
+Treasury, showing that her husband Lambert Coote was a favourite
+servant of King Charles II., and left her with a great charge of
+children.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. Treas. P.,&#8221; 1697-1702.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Tamworth, daughter of Sir Roger Martin, of Long Melford, married
+Thomas Rookwood (who was born Aug. 18, 1658).&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Collect. et Top.,&#8221;
+vol. ii. p. 145.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1596, Nov. 21. Baptized Cartwright, daughter of Nicholas
+Porter.&#8221;&mdash;Aston-sub-Edge, Gloucester.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1634, April 18. Baptized Steward, daughter of Sir Thomas Stanley,
+Knight.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney, London.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1656, March 24. Douglas Sheffield, daughter of Sir John
+Sheffield.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Lunacy Commissions and Inquisitions,&#8221; Record Office.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1709, Feb. 3. Tankerville Chamberlyne, spinster, daughter of Edward
+C.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span>&#8220;1601, Feb. Buryed Handforth, d. Thomas Davenport, a soldier in
+Ireland.&#8221;&mdash;Stockport Parish Church.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1610, July 24. Baptized Kenburrow, ye daughter of Dr. Masters, one of
+the worshipfull prebendaries.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1688, March 29. Baptized Tufton, daughter of the Rev. Dr. James
+Jefferys, one of the prebendarys of this church.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p>Even down to the middle of last century the custom was not uncommonly
+practised:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1763, Sep. 15. Thomas Steady, of Chartham, to Chesterton Harnett, of
+the precincts of this church, spinster, by licence.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1759, June 12. Honourable Chatwynd Trumbull, widow.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Lunacy
+Commissions and Inquisitions.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>As to the male heirs, we need not furnish illustrations; they would
+require too much room:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Sir Humphry Winch, Solicitor-General to Queen Elizabeth, married
+Cicely Onslowe. His eldest son was Onslowe Winch.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Collect. et
+Top.,&#8221; vol. iii. p. 86.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Woodrove Foljambe, born Jan. 25, 1648, son of Peter Foljambe. His
+mother was Jane Woodrove, of Hope, Derbyshire.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto, p. 88.</p></div>
+
+<p>How common the practice was becoming among the better-class families the
+Canterbury register shall show:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1601, April 16. Baptized Nevile, the sonne of Edwarde Whitegrave.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1614, Nov. 28. Baptized Tunstall, sonn of Mr. William Scott, the
+sonn-in-lawe to the worshipful Mr. Tunstall, prebendary of this
+church.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1615, May 15. Baptized Dudly, sonn of Mr. Doctor Jacksonn.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1619, Dec. 16. Baptized Dudley, sonne of Sir John Wiles.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1624, July 26. Baptized Sydney, sonne of Sirre William Barnes, K<sup>t</sup>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span>Dudley was, perhaps, the first surname that obtained a place among
+ordinary baptismal names:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1614, Aug. 17. Christened Dudley, son of Thomas Styles.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1684, April 17. Christened Dudley, son of Francis and Sarah
+Dylate.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p>The introduction of surnames at the font permitted private predilections
+full play. At Canterbury we naturally find:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1727, Feb. 22. Buried Cranmer Herris, gent., in ye cloisters.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1626, Oct. Baptized Bradford, sonne of Christopher Wilson, of
+Limehouse.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p></div>
+
+<p>Hanover Stirling was a scholar of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1729. A
+Scotch Jacobite in London showed some skill in the heat of the great
+crisis of 1715:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1715, June 10. Christened Margaret Jacobina, d. of Mr. Archiball
+Johnson, merchant.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis Backchurch.<a name='fna_63' id='fna_63' href='#f_63'><small>[63]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p>This will be sufficient. The custom is by no means extinct; but, through
+the introduction of second baptismal names, the practice is now rare, and
+all but entirely confined to boys. Two hundred and fifty years ago, it was
+quite as popular with the other sex.</p>
+
+<p>Both Dudley and Sydney, mentioned above, have been used so frequently that
+they have now<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span> taken a place in our ordinary list of baptismal names. So
+far as Sydney is concerned, the reason is easily explained. The Smith
+family have been so fond of commemorating the great Sydney, that it has
+spread to other families. Chauncey and Washington occupy the same position
+in the United States.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">V. <span class="smcap">The Influence of Foundling Names upon Double Baptismal Names.</span></p>
+
+<p>One circumstance that contributed to the adoption of two baptismal names
+was the christening of foundlings. Having no father or mother to attest
+their parentage, being literally anonymous, there sprang up a custom,
+about the year 1500, of baptizing these children with a double title; only
+the second one was supposed to be the surname, and not a baptismal name at
+all. This second name was always a local name, betokening the precise
+spot, street, or parish where the child was found. Every old register has
+its numerous instances. The foundlings of St. Lawrence Jewry got the
+baptismal surname of Lawrence. At All-Hallows, Barking, the entries run:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;A child, out of Priest&#8217;s Alley, christened Thomas Barkin.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Christened a child out of Seething Lane, named Charles Parish.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A child found in Mark Lane, and christened Mark Lane.&#8221;&mdash;Maskell,
+&#8220;All-Hallows, Barking,&#8221; p. 62.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span>At St. Dunstan-in-the-West they are still more diversified:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1597, M<sup>ch</sup>. 1. Renold Falcon, a childe borne in Falcon Court, bapt.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1611, May 11. Harbotles Harte, a poor childe found at Hart&#8217;s dore in
+Fewter Lane, bapt.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1614, March 26. Moses Dunstan, a foundlinge in St. Dunstan&#8217;s hall,
+bapt.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1618, Jan. 18. Mary Porch, a foundeling, bapt.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1625, Aug. 7. Roger Middlesex was baptized.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1627, May 19. Katherine Whitefryers was baptized.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1610, Nov. Bapt. Elizabeth Christabell, d. of Alice Pennye, begotten
+in fornacacion.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney, London.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1586, May 21. Christening of Peter Grace, sonne of Katherine Davis,
+an harlot.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1592, Aug. 2. Christening of Roger Peeter, so named of our church;
+the mother a rogue, the childe was born the 22<sup>d</sup> July at Mr.
+Lecroft&#8217;s dore.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p></div>
+
+<p>The baptismal register of St. Dionis Backchurch teems with Dennis, or
+Dionys, as the name is entered:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1623, Aug. 6. Joane Dennis, being laid at Mr. John Parke&#8217;s doore in
+Fanchurch Streete.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1627, June 3. Denis the Bastard, who was laid in the parish.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1691, Nov. 19. Ingram Dionis, a fondling taken up in Ingram&#8217;s
+Court.&#8221;<a name='fna_64' id='fna_64' href='#f_64'><small>[64]</small></a></p></div>
+
+<p>We see in these registers the origin of the phrase, &#8220;It can&#8217;t be laid at
+my door.&#8221; Doubtless it was not always pleasant to have a little babe,
+however<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span> helpless, discovered on the doorstep. The gossips would have
+their &#8220;nods, and becks, and wreathed smiles,&#8221; if they said nothing upon
+the subject. It was a common dodge to leave it on a well-known man&#8217;s
+premises:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1585, April 23. A man child was laid at Sir Edward Osbourne gate, and
+was named Dennis Philpot, and so brought to Christes Ospitall.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The same practice prevails in America. A New York correspondent wrote to
+me the other day as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;One babe, who was found in the vestibule of the City Hall, in this
+city (New York), was called John City Hall; another, Thomas Fulton,
+was found in Fulton Street in an ash-box; and a third, a fine boy of
+about four months, was left in the porch of Christ Church Rectory in
+Brooklyn. He was baptized by the name of Parish Church, by the Rev.
+Dr. Canfeild, the then rector.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The baptisms of &#8220;blackamoors&#8221; gave a double christian name, although the
+second was counted as a surname:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Baptized, 1695, M<sup>ch</sup>. 27, John Wearmouth, a Tawny, taken captive,
+aged 20.&#8221;&mdash;Bishop Wearmouth (Burns).</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Baptized, 1602-3, March, Christian Ethiopia, borne a
+Blackmore.&#8221;&mdash;Stepney.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Baptized, 1603, July, Charity Lucanoa, a Blackamor from
+Ratcliff.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1744, Sep. 27. Rum John Pritchard, a Indian and Mahomitan, baptized
+this day by self at Mr. Pritchard&#8217;s.&#8221;&mdash;Fleet Registers (Burns).</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1717, &mdash;&mdash;. Baptized Charles Mustava, a black boy, servant to The
+Honble. Lord Hartford.&#8221;&mdash;Preshute, Wilts.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span>Our forefathers did not seem to perceive it, but in all these cases double
+baptismal names were given. It must, however, have had its unfelt
+influence in leading up to the new custom, and especially to patronymics
+as second names. We are all now familiarized to these double and treble
+names. The poorest and the most abject creatures that bring a child to the
+font will have their string of grand and high-sounding titles; sometimes
+such a mouthful, that the parson&#8217;s wonder is excited whence they
+accumulated them, till wonder is lost in apprehension lest he should fail
+to deliver himself of them correctly. The difficulty is increased when the
+name is pronounced as the fancy or education of the sponsor dictates. When
+one of three names is &#8220;Hugginy,&#8221; the minister may be excused if he fails
+to understand all at once that &#8220;Eug&eacute;nie&#8221; is intended. Such an incident
+occurred about six years ago, and the flustered parson, on a second
+inquiry, was not helped by the woman&#8217;s rejoinder: &#8220;Yes, Hugginy; the way
+ladies does their &#8217;air, you know.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>We must confess we are not anxious to see the new custom&mdash;for new it is in
+reality&mdash;spread; but we fear much it will do so. We have reached the stage
+when three baptismal names are almost as common as two; and we cannot but
+foresee, if<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span> this goes on, that, before the century is out, our present
+vestry-books will be compelled to have the space allotted to the font
+names enlarged. As it is, the parson is often at his wits&#8217; end how to set
+it down.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span></p>
+<p class="title">INDEX.</p>
+
+
+<p class="index">
+A<br />
+<br />
+Abacuck, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a><br />
+<br />
+Abdiah, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><br />
+<br />
+Abdias, <a href="#Page_45">45</a><br />
+<br />
+Abednego, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a><br />
+<br />
+Abel, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Abelot, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Abericusgentylis, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a><br />
+<br />
+Abigail, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a><br />
+<br />
+Abner, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Abraham, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Abstinence, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><br />
+<br />
+Abuse-not, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><br />
+<br />
+Accepted, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a><br />
+<br />
+Achsah, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br />
+<br />
+Acts-Apostles <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+Adah, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Adam, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Adcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Adecock, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<br />
+Adkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Admiral, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Adna, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Adoniram, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><br />
+<br />
+Agatha, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><br />
+<br />
+Agnes, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><br />
+<br />
+Aholiab, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Aid-on-high, <a href="#Page_174">174</a><br />
+<br />
+Alathea, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><br />
+<br />
+Alianora, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Alice, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br />
+<br />
+Aliot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Alison, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br />
+<br />
+Alpheus, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br />
+<br />
+Altham, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Althamia, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Althea, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><br />
+<br />
+Always, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Alydea, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><br />
+<br />
+Amalasiontha, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br />
+<br />
+Amelia, <a href="#Page_92">92</a><br />
+<br />
+America, <a href="#Page_212">212</a><br />
+<br />
+Americus, <a href="#Page_212">212</a><br />
+<br />
+Amery, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a><br />
+<br />
+Amice, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Aminadab, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Amity, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Amor, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Amos, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a><br />
+<br />
+Anammeriah, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><br />
+<br />
+Ananias, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a><br />
+<br />
+And Charity, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+Angel, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a><br />
+<br />
+Angela, <a href="#Page_131">131</a><br />
+<br />
+Anger, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><br />
+<br />
+Anketill, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><br />
+<br />
+Anna, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br />
+<br />
+Anna Maria, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><br />
+<br />
+Anne, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><br />
+<br />
+Anne-Mary, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><br />
+<br />
+Annette, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Annora, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Annot, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Anot, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Antipas, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><br />
+<br />
+Antony, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><br />
+<br />
+Aphora, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br />
+<br />
+Aphra, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br />
+<br />
+Aphrah, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><br />
+<br />
+Appoline, <a href="#Page_95">95</a><br />
+<br />
+Aquila, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Araunah, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Arise, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a><br />
+<br />
+Asa, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Ashael, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span><br />
+Ashes, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><br />
+<br />
+Assurance, <a href="#Page_120">120</a><br />
+<br />
+Atcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Atkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Atkinson, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Audria, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Austen, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br />
+<br />
+Austin, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><br />
+<br />
+Avery, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Avice, <a href="#Page_108">108</a><br />
+<br />
+Awdry, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><br />
+<br />
+Axar, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br />
+<br />
+Aymot, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><br />
+<br />
+Azariah, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Azarias, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+B<br />
+<br />
+Bab, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><br />
+<br />
+Badcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Baldwin, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Baptist, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Barbara, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><br />
+<br />
+Barbelot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Barijirehah, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br />
+<br />
+Barjonah, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Barnabas, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Barrabas, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><br />
+<br />
+Bartholomew, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a><br />
+<br />
+Bartelot, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br />
+<br />
+Bartle, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><br />
+<br />
+Bartlett, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br />
+<br />
+Barzillai, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Bat, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Batcock, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Bate, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Bathsheba, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><br />
+<br />
+Bathshira, <a href="#Page_71">71</a><br />
+<br />
+Bathshua, <a href="#Page_71">71</a><br />
+<br />
+Batkin, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Battalion, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Batty, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><br />
+<br />
+Bawcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Beata, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a><br />
+<br />
+Beatrice, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><br />
+<br />
+Beatrix, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a><br />
+<br />
+Beelzebub, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><br />
+<br />
+Belief, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Beloved, <a href="#Page_173">173</a><br />
+<br />
+Ben, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><br />
+<br />
+Benaiah, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Benedict, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><br />
+<br />
+Benedicta, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a><br />
+<br />
+Bennet, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><br />
+<br />
+Benjamin, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br />
+<br />
+Benoni, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br />
+<br />
+Bess, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><br />
+<br />
+Bessie, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a><br />
+<br />
+Be-steadfast, <a href="#Page_163">163</a><br />
+<br />
+Be-strong, <a href="#Page_161">161</a><br />
+<br />
+Betha, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><br />
+<br />
+Be-thankful, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a><br />
+<br />
+Bethia, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><br />
+<br />
+Bethsaida, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Bethshua, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><br />
+<br />
+Beton, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><br />
+<br />
+Betsy, <a href="#Page_115">115</a><br />
+<br />
+Bett, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><br />
+<br />
+Betty, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><br />
+<br />
+Beulah, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+Bezaleel, <a href="#Page_45">45</a><br />
+<br />
+Bill, <a href="#Page_92">92</a><br />
+<br />
+Blaze, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><br />
+<br />
+Boaz, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Bob, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><br />
+<br />
+Bodkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Bonaventure, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><br />
+<br />
+Bradford, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><br />
+<br />
+Bride, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><br />
+<br />
+Brownjohn, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+C<br />
+<br />
+Cain, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br />
+<br />
+Caleb, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Canaan, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Cannon, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Caroletta, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><br />
+<br />
+Carolina, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><br />
+<br />
+Carolina Wilhelmina Amelia, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><br />
+<br />
+Caroline, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><br />
+<br />
+Cartwright, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Cassandra, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><br />
+<br />
+Catharine, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><br />
+<br />
+Cecilia, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span><br />
+Centurian, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+Cess, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Cesselot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Changed, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><br />
+<br />
+Charity, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Charity Lucanoa, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<br />
+Charles, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><br />
+<br />
+Charles Caractacus Ostorius Maximilian Gustavus Adolphus, <a href="#Page_222">222</a><br />
+<br />
+Charles James, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a><br />
+<br />
+Charles Maria, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><br />
+<br />
+Charles Mustava, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<br />
+Charles Neville, <a href="#Page_228">228</a><br />
+<br />
+Charles Parish, <a href="#Page_233">233</a><br />
+<br />
+Charlotte, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><br />
+<br />
+Chatwynd, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+Chauncey, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a><br />
+<br />
+Cherubin, <a href="#Page_170">170</a><br />
+<br />
+Chesterton, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+China, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Christ, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><br />
+<br />
+Christian, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+Christiana, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+Christian Ethiopia, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<br />
+Christmas, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Christopher, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Christophilus, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><br />
+<br />
+Church-reform, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><br />
+<br />
+Chylde-of-God, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><br />
+<br />
+Cibell, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Cissot, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Clarice, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Clemence, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><br />
+<br />
+Clemency, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><br />
+<br />
+Cloe, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br />
+<br />
+Cock, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><br />
+<br />
+Col, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Cole, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Colet, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Colin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><br />
+<br />
+Colinet, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Coll, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Collet, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><br />
+<br />
+Collin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Colling, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Collinge, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Comfort, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Con, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><br />
+<br />
+Confidence, <a href="#Page_149">149</a><br />
+<br />
+Consider, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a><br />
+<br />
+Constance, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><br />
+<br />
+Constancy, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><br />
+<br />
+Constant, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><br />
+<br />
+Continent, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Cornelius, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Cotton, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Cranmer, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><br />
+<br />
+Creatura Christi, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><br />
+<br />
+Creature, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><br />
+<br />
+Cressens, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Crestolot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Cuss, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Cussot, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><br />
+<br />
+Cust, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><br />
+<br />
+Custance, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+D<br />
+<br />
+Dalilah, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Damaris, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a><br />
+<br />
+Dameris, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br />
+<br />
+Dammeris, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br />
+<br />
+Dammy, <a href="#Page_91">91</a><br />
+<br />
+Dampris, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br />
+<br />
+Damris, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br />
+<br />
+Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar, <a href="#Page_182">182</a><br />
+<br />
+Daniel, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><br />
+<br />
+Dankin, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Dannet, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Darcas, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br />
+<br />
+David, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Daw, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Dawkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Dawks, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Dean, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Deb, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a><br />
+<br />
+Deborah, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Deccon, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Degory, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Deliverance, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Delivery, <a href="#Page_169">169</a><br />
+<br />
+Dennis, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Dennis Philpot, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span><br />
+Deodat, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Deodatus, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Deonata, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Depend, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><br />
+<br />
+Dependance, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Desiderata, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a><br />
+<br />
+Desiderius, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Desire, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Diccon, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Dicconson, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Dick, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Dickens, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Dickenson, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Dickin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Die-well, <a href="#Page_165">165</a><br />
+<br />
+Diffidence, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Diggon, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Digory, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Diligence, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><br />
+<br />
+Dinah, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><br />
+<br />
+Dionisia, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Dionys, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Diot, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Discipline, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Discretion, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+Dobbin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Dobinet, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Do-good, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Dogory, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Doll, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Dolly, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Donate, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Donation, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Donatus, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Dora, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><br />
+<br />
+Dorcas, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a><br />
+<br />
+Do-right, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Dorothea, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><br />
+<br />
+Dorothy, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><br />
+<br />
+Douce, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><br />
+<br />
+Doucet, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Douglas, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Dowcett, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Do-well, <a href="#Page_165">165</a><br />
+<br />
+Dowsabel, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><br />
+<br />
+Dowse, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><br />
+<br />
+Dowsett, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Drew, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Drewcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Drewet, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Drocock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Drusilla, <a href="#Page_73">73</a><br />
+<br />
+Dudley, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><br />
+<br />
+Duke, <a href="#Page_196">196</a><br />
+<br />
+Dun, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Dunn, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Dust, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+E<br />
+<br />
+Earl, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Easter, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><br />
+<br />
+Ebbot, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Ebed-meleck, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Ebenezer, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><br />
+<br />
+Eden, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Edward Alexander, <a href="#Page_216">216</a><br />
+<br />
+Edward Maria, <a href="#Page_217">217</a><br />
+<br />
+Elcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Eleanor, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Eleanora, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Eleazar, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Elena, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Eleph, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Eliakim, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Elias, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Elicot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Elihu, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Eli-lama-Sabachthani, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Eliot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Elisha, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Elisot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Eliza, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><br />
+<br />
+Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><br />
+<br />
+Elizabeth Christabell, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Elizabeth Mary, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><br />
+<br />
+Elizar, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Elkanah, <a href="#Page_84">84</a><br />
+<br />
+Ellice, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Ellicot, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br />
+<br />
+Elliot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Ellis, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Ellisot, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br />
+<br />
+Elnathan, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Emanuel, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a><br />
+<br />
+Emery, <a href="#Page_108">108</a><br />
+<br />
+Emm, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span><br />
+Emma, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Emmett, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br />
+<br />
+Emmot, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><br />
+<br />
+Emmotson, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br />
+<br />
+Emperor, <a href="#Page_212">212</a><br />
+<br />
+Enecha, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Enoch, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Enot, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Epaphroditus, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Epenetus, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Ephin, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><br />
+<br />
+Ephraim, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Epiphany, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><br />
+<br />
+Er, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Erasmus, <a href="#Page_134">134</a><br />
+<br />
+Erastus, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Esaias, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><br />
+<br />
+Esau, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Esaye, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Essex, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Esther, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><br />
+<br />
+Eug&eacute;nie, <a href="#Page_236">236</a><br />
+<br />
+Eunice, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Euodias, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><br />
+<br />
+Eve, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Evett, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Evot, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Evott, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Experience, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Ezechell, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Ezeckiell, <a href="#Page_45">45</a><br />
+<br />
+Ezekias, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Ezekiel, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><br />
+<br />
+Ezekyell, <a href="#Page_46">46</a><br />
+<br />
+Ezot, <a href="#Page_113">113</a><br />
+<br />
+Ezota, <a href="#Page_113">113</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+F<br />
+<br />
+Faint-not, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Faith, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+Faithful, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Faith-my-joy, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><br />
+<br />
+Fannasibilla, <a href="#Page_223">223</a><br />
+<br />
+Fare-well, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a><br />
+<br />
+Fauconnet, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Fawcett, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Fear, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><br />
+<br />
+Fear-God, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><br />
+<br />
+Fearing, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Fear-not, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a><br />
+<br />
+Fear-the-Lord, <a href="#Page_190">190</a><br />
+<br />
+Feleaman, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Felicity, <a href="#Page_149">149</a><br />
+<br />
+Fick, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Ficken, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Figg, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Figgess, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Figgin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Figgins, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Figgs, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a><br />
+<br />
+Flie-fornication, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Forsaken, <a href="#Page_176">176</a><br />
+<br />
+Fortune, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a><br />
+<br />
+Francis, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><br />
+<br />
+Francis-Gunsby, <a href="#Page_225">225</a><br />
+<br />
+Frank, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><br />
+<br />
+Free-gift, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a><br />
+<br />
+Free-grace, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Free-man, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+Frideswide, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Friend, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+From-above, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><br />
+<br />
+Fulk, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><br />
+<br />
+Fulke, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+G<br />
+<br />
+Gabriel, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a><br />
+<br />
+Gamaliel, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Gavin, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><br />
+<br />
+Gawain, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><br />
+<br />
+Gawen, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><br />
+<br />
+Gawin, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><br />
+<br />
+Gawyn, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><br />
+<br />
+Geoffrey, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><br />
+<br />
+George, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a><br />
+<br />
+George William Frederic, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><br />
+<br />
+Georgi-Anna, <a href="#Page_224">224</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span><br />
+Georgina, <a href="#Page_92">92</a><br />
+<br />
+Gercyon, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Gershom, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Gersome, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Gertrude, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><br />
+<br />
+Gervase, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Gib, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><br />
+<br />
+Gibb, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Gibbet, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><br />
+<br />
+Gibbin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Gibbing, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Gibbon, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Gilbert, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><br />
+<br />
+Gill, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><br />
+<br />
+Gillian, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Gillot, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Gillotyne, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><br />
+<br />
+Gilpin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Given, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Give-thanks, <a href="#Page_161">161</a><br />
+<br />
+Goddard, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Godgivu, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><br />
+<br />
+God-help, <a href="#Page_175">175</a><br />
+<br />
+Godly, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><br />
+<br />
+Godric, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><br />
+<br />
+Goliath, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><br />
+<br />
+Good-gift, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><br />
+<br />
+Good-work, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Grace, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><br />
+<br />
+Graceless, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Gracious, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><br />
+<br />
+Grigg, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Grissel, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Grizill, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><br />
+<br />
+Guion, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Guiot, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Guillotin, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><br />
+<br />
+Gulielma Maria, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><br />
+<br />
+Gulielma Maria Posthuma, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><br />
+<br />
+Guy, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><br />
+<br />
+Gyllian, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+H<br />
+<br />
+Habakkuk, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><br />
+<br />
+Hadassah, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br />
+<br />
+Hal, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Halkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Hallet, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Hamelot, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br />
+<br />
+Hameth, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Hamilton, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><br />
+<br />
+Hamlet, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Hammett, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Hamnet, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br />
+<br />
+Hamon, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a><br />
+<br />
+Hamond, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><br />
+<br />
+Hamonet, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br />
+<br />
+Hamynet, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><br />
+<br />
+Han-cock, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Handcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Handforth, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+Handmaid, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a><br />
+<br />
+Hankin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Hanna, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Hannah, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><br />
+<br />
+Hanover, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><br />
+<br />
+Harbotles Harte, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Hariph, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Harriet, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Harriot, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Harry, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Hate-bad, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Hate-evil, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Hatill, <a href="#Page_163">163</a><br />
+<br />
+Have-mercie, <a href="#Page_175">175</a><br />
+<br />
+Hawkes, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Hawkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Hawkins, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Hawks, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Heacock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Heavenly-mind, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Heber, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Helpless, <a href="#Page_175">175</a><br />
+<br />
+Help-on-high, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a><br />
+<br />
+Henrietta Maria, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><br />
+<br />
+Henry, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><br />
+<br />
+Henry Frederick, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a><br />
+<br />
+Henry Postumus, <a href="#Page_219">219</a><br />
+<br />
+Hephzibah, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Hercules, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><br />
+<br />
+Hester, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br />
+<br />
+Hew, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Hewet, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span><br />
+Hewlett, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Hick, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Hickin, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Higg, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Higget, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Higgin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Higgot, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Hillary, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><br />
+<br />
+Hiscock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Hitch-cock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Hobb, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Hobelot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Hodge, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Hold-the-world, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Honest, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+Honora, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><br />
+<br />
+Honour, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><br />
+<br />
+Hope, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+Hopeful, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+Hope-on-high, <a href="#Page_189">189</a><br />
+<br />
+Hope-still, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Hope-well, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><br />
+<br />
+Hopkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Hopkins, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Howe-Lee, <a href="#Page_225">225</a><br />
+<br />
+Hud, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Huelot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Huggin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Huggins, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br />
+<br />
+Hugginy, <a href="#Page_236">236</a><br />
+<br />
+Hugh, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Hughelot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Hugonet, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><br />
+<br />
+Huguenin, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Huguenot, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><br />
+<br />
+Hugyn, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br />
+<br />
+Humanity, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><br />
+<br />
+Humble, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Humiliation, <a href="#Page_151">151</a><br />
+<br />
+Humility, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Humphrey, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><br />
+<br />
+Hutchin, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br />
+<br />
+Hutchinson, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br />
+<br />
+Hyppolitus, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+I<br />
+<br />
+Ibbetson, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Ibbett, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Ibbot, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Ibbotson, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Ichabod, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+If-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned, <a href="#Page_156">156</a><br />
+<br />
+Immanuel, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><br />
+<br />
+Increase, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Increased, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a><br />
+<br />
+Ingram, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><br />
+<br />
+Ingram Dionis, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Inward, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Isaac, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><br />
+<br />
+Isabella, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Isaiah, <a href="#Page_52">52</a><br />
+<br />
+Issott, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Ithamaria, <a href="#Page_223">223</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+J<br />
+<br />
+Jabez, <a href="#Page_40">40</a><br />
+<br />
+Jachin, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Jack, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Jackcock, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><br />
+<br />
+Jackett, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Jacob, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Jacolin, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Jacomyn, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Jacquinot, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Jaell, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br />
+<br />
+James, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><br />
+<br />
+James-Smith, <a href="#Page_225">225</a><br />
+<br />
+Jane, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Jannet, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Jannetin, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Janniting, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Jannotin, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Japhet, <a href="#Page_195">195</a><br />
+<br />
+Jeduthan, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Jeffcock, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Jeffkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Jehoiada, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span><br />
+Jehostiaphat, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Jenkin, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><br />
+<br />
+Jenkinson, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Jenks, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Jennin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Jenning, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Jeremiah, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Jeremy, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><br />
+<br />
+Jermyna, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Jerry, <a href="#Page_91">91</a><br />
+<br />
+Jesus-Christ-came-into-the-world-to-save, <a href="#Page_156">156</a><br />
+<br />
+Jethro, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Jill, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><br />
+<br />
+Joab, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Joan, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Joane Dennis, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Joane Yorkkoope, <a href="#Page_224">224</a><br />
+<br />
+Job, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><br />
+<br />
+Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a><br />
+<br />
+Joel, <a href="#Page_51">51</a><br />
+<br />
+Jockaminshaw, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a><br />
+<br />
+John, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><br />
+<br />
+Johnamaria, <a href="#Page_223">223</a><br />
+<br />
+John Christopher Burton, <a href="#Page_222">222</a><br />
+<br />
+John City Hall, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<br />
+Johncock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+John Posthumus, <a href="#Page_219">219</a><br />
+<br />
+John Wearmouth, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<br />
+Jolly, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Jonadab, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Jonathan, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><br />
+<br />
+Jordan, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><br />
+<br />
+Jordanson, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Joseph, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Joshua, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Joskin, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Jowett, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Joy-againe, <a href="#Page_124">124</a><br />
+<br />
+Joyce, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><br />
+<br />
+Joye, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Joy-in-sorrow, <a href="#Page_174">174</a><br />
+<br />
+Juckes, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Juckin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Judas, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><br />
+<br />
+Judas-not-Iscariot, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><br />
+<br />
+Judd, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Jude, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><br />
+<br />
+Judith, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br />
+<br />
+Judkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Judson, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Jukes, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Julian, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Juliana, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><br />
+<br />
+Juliet, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Junior, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Just, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><br />
+<br />
+Justice, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+K<br />
+<br />
+Kate, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Katherine Whitefryers, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Kelita, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Kenburrow, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+Kerenhappuch, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><br />
+<br />
+Keturah, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Keziah, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Kit, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a><br />
+<br />
+Knowledge, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+L<br />
+<br />
+L&aelig;titia, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a><br />
+<br />
+Lais, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a><br />
+<br />
+Lambert, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Lamberton, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Lambin, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Lambinet, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Lambkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Lamblin, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Lament, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a><br />
+<br />
+Lamentation, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><br />
+<br />
+Lamentations, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><br />
+<br />
+Lamin, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Laming, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Lammin, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Lamming, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Lampin, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Lampkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Larkin, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Lawrence, <a href="#Page_233">233</a><br />
+<br />
+Laycock, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span><br />
+Leah, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Learn-wisdom, <a href="#Page_119">119</a><br />
+<br />
+Learn-wysdome, <a href="#Page_163">163</a><br />
+<br />
+Lemon, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Lemuel, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Lesot, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Lettice, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a><br />
+<br />
+Life, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Lina, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Linot, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Little, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Littlejohn, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><br />
+<br />
+Live-loose, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Lively, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><br />
+<br />
+Live-well, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Living, <a href="#Page_170">170</a><br />
+<br />
+Louisa, <a href="#Page_92">92</a><br />
+<br />
+Love, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><br />
+<br />
+Love-God, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Love-lust, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Love Venus, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><br />
+<br />
+Love-well, <a href="#Page_165">165</a><br />
+<br />
+Luccock, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+M<br />
+<br />
+Mab, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Mabbott, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Mabel, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Madge, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Magdalen, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><br />
+<br />
+Magnify, <a href="#Page_161">161</a><br />
+<br />
+Magot, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Mahaliel, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Mahershalalhashbaz, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a><br />
+<br />
+Major, <a href="#Page_196">196</a><br />
+<br />
+Makin, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br />
+<br />
+Makinson, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br />
+<br />
+Malachi, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Malkin, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br />
+<br />
+Malkynson, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br />
+<br />
+Mallet, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Manasseh, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><br />
+<br />
+Margaret, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Margaret Jacobina, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><br />
+<br />
+Margerie, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Margett, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+Margotin, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Margott, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br />
+<br />
+Maria, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a> <a href="#Page_223">223</a><br />
+<br />
+Marian, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+Maria Posthuma, <a href="#Page_219">219</a><br />
+<br />
+Marion, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Mariot, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Mariotin, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><br />
+<br />
+Marioton, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Mark Lane, <a href="#Page_233">233</a><br />
+<br />
+Marshall, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Martha, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br />
+<br />
+Mary, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><br />
+<br />
+Mary Ann, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+Mary Given, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Mary Josephina Antonietta, <a href="#Page_222">222</a><br />
+<br />
+Mary Porch, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Mat, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><br />
+<br />
+Matathias, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><br />
+<br />
+Mathea, <a href="#Page_95">95</a><br />
+<br />
+Matilda, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Matthew, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a><br />
+<br />
+Maud, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br />
+<br />
+Maurice, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Maycock, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Meacock, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Meakin, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br />
+<br />
+Mehetabell, <a href="#Page_66">66</a><br />
+<br />
+Melchisedek, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Melior, <a href="#Page_138">138</a><br />
+<br />
+Mephibosheth, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Mercy, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Meshach, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><br />
+<br />
+Michael, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a><br />
+<br />
+Michalaliel, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br />
+<br />
+Micklejohn, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><br />
+<br />
+Milcom, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><br />
+<br />
+Miles, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a><br />
+<br />
+Miracle, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+Mocock, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<br />
+Mokock, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<br />
+Moll, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Mordecai, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><br />
+<br />
+Mordecay, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+More-fruite, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a><br />
+<br />
+Morrice, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><br />
+<br />
+Moses Dunstan, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Much-mercy, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a><br />
+<br />
+Mun, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span><br />
+Mycock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+My-sake, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+N<br />
+<br />
+Nab, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Nan, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Nancy, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Naphtali, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Nat, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><br />
+<br />
+Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><br />
+<br />
+Natkin, <a href="#Page_78">78</a><br />
+<br />
+Nazareth, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Ned, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Nehemiah, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a><br />
+<br />
+Nell, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Neptune, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><br />
+<br />
+Neriah, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Neville, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+Nichol, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Nicholas, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a><br />
+<br />
+Nick, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Noah, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a><br />
+<br />
+Noel, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a><br />
+<br />
+No-merit, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a><br />
+<br />
+Northamtonia, <a href="#Page_229">229</a><br />
+<br />
+Nothing, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Nowell, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+O<br />
+<br />
+Obadiah, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><br />
+<br />
+Obediah, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Obedience, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><br />
+<br />
+Obey, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><br />
+<br />
+Oceanus, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><br />
+<br />
+Olive, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Olivia, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><br />
+<br />
+Onesiphorus, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Onslowe, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+Opportunity, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Original, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a><br />
+<br />
+Othniell, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Oziell, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+P<br />
+<br />
+Palcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Pardon, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Paris, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><br />
+<br />
+Parish Church, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<br />
+Parkin, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Parnel, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><br />
+<br />
+Parratt, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><br />
+<br />
+Pascal, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><br />
+<br />
+Pasche, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><br />
+<br />
+Pascoe, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><br />
+<br />
+Pash, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Pashkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Pask, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><br />
+<br />
+Paskin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Patience, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><br />
+<br />
+Patient, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><br />
+<br />
+Paul, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><br />
+<br />
+Payn, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Paynet, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Paynot, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Peaceable, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><br />
+<br />
+Peacock, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Peg, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Pelatiah, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Peleg, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Pentecost, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><br />
+<br />
+Pepper, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Peregrine, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><br />
+<br />
+Perkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Perks, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Perot, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><br />
+<br />
+Perrin, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Perrinot, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Perrot, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><br />
+<br />
+Perrotin, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Perseverance, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><br />
+<br />
+Persis, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a><br />
+<br />
+Peter, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><br />
+<br />
+Peter Grace, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Petronilla, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><br />
+<br />
+Pharaoh, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><br />
+<br />
+Phebe, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br />
+<br />
+Philadelphia, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span><br />
+Philcock, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Philemon, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Philip, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a><br />
+<br />
+Philiponet, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br />
+<br />
+Phillis, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Philpot, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><br />
+<br />
+Phineas, <a href="#Page_52">52</a><br />
+<br />
+Phippin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Phip, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Pidcock, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<br />
+Pierce, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Pierre, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Piers, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><br />
+<br />
+Piety, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+Pipkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Pleasant, <a href="#Page_177">177</a><br />
+<br />
+Pol, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><br />
+<br />
+Pontius Pilate, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><br />
+<br />
+Posthuma, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><br />
+<br />
+Posthumus, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a><br />
+<br />
+Potkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Praise-God, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a><br />
+<br />
+Presela, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><br />
+<br />
+Preserved, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a><br />
+<br />
+Prince, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Pris, <a href="#Page_91">91</a><br />
+<br />
+Priscilla, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><br />
+<br />
+Properjohn, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><br />
+<br />
+Providence, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+Pru, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><br />
+<br />
+Prudence, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Prudentia, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><br />
+<br />
+Purifie, <a href="#Page_125">125</a><br />
+<br />
+Purkiss, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Q<br />
+<br />
+Quod-vult-Deus, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+R<br />
+<br />
+Rachel, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a><br />
+<br />
+Ralph, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Ramoth-Gilead, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br />
+<br />
+Raoul, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Raoulin, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Rawlings, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Rawlins, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Rawlinson, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Rebecca, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a><br />
+<br />
+Redeemed, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a><br />
+<br />
+Redemptus, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><br />
+<br />
+Rediviva, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><br />
+<br />
+Reformation, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Refrayne, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><br />
+<br />
+Rejoice, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Rejoyce, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><br />
+<br />
+Reliance, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Relictus, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Remember, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Remembrance, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><br />
+<br />
+Renata, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><br />
+<br />
+Renatus, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><br />
+<br />
+Renewed, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a><br />
+<br />
+Renold Falcon, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Renovata, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><br />
+<br />
+Repent, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a><br />
+<br />
+Repentance, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a><br />
+<br />
+Replenish, <a href="#Page_168">168</a><br />
+<br />
+Resolved, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><br />
+<br />
+Restore, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a><br />
+<br />
+Restraint, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><br />
+<br />
+Returne, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a><br />
+<br />
+Revelation, <a href="#Page_191">191</a><br />
+<br />
+Revolt, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><br />
+<br />
+Richard, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Richelot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Riches, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a><br />
+<br />
+River, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Robelot, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br />
+<br />
+Robert, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a><br />
+<br />
+Robbin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Robin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><br />
+<br />
+Robinet, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br />
+<br />
+Robing, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Robinson, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Roger, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a><br />
+<br />
+Roger Middlesex, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<br />
+Roger Peeter, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span><br />
+Rum John Pritchard, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<br />
+Rutterkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+S<br />
+<br />
+Sabbath, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><br />
+<br />
+Safe-deliverance, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a><br />
+<br />
+Safe-on-high, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Salt, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Sampson, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Samuel, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Sancho, <a href="#Page_130">130</a><br />
+<br />
+Sander, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<br />
+Sandercock, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<br />
+Sapphira, <a href="#Page_73">73</a><br />
+<br />
+Sara, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a><br />
+<br />
+Sarah, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><br />
+<br />
+Saturday, <a href="#Page_180">180</a><br />
+<br />
+Sea-born, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><br />
+<br />
+Sea-mercy, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><br />
+<br />
+Search-the-Scriptures, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a><br />
+<br />
+Search-truth, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+See-truth, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Sehon, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><br />
+<br />
+Selah, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+Senchia, <a href="#Page_130">130</a><br />
+<br />
+Sense, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a><br />
+<br />
+Seraphim, <a href="#Page_170">170</a><br />
+<br />
+Seth, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Seuce, <a href="#Page_129">129</a><br />
+<br />
+Shadrach, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><br />
+<br />
+Shadrack, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Shallum, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><br />
+<br />
+Shelah, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Shorter, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Sib, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Sibb, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Sibby, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Sibilla, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Sibot, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br />
+<br />
+Sibyl, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><br />
+<br />
+Sidney, <a href="#Page_207">207</a><br />
+<br />
+Silcock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br />
+<br />
+Silence, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Silkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Sill, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a><br />
+<br />
+Sim, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Simcock, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br />
+<br />
+Simkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Simon, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Simpkinson, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Sincere, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+Sin-denie, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><br />
+<br />
+Sin-deny, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><br />
+<br />
+Sir Isaac, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+Sir Robert, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+Sirs, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br />
+<br />
+Sis, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><br />
+<br />
+Sissot, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Something, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Sophia, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><br />
+<br />
+Sorry-for-sin, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><br />
+<br />
+Sou&#8217;wester, <a href="#Page_207">207</a><br />
+<br />
+Squire, <a href="#Page_196">196</a><br />
+<br />
+Standfast, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Stand-fast-on-high, <a href="#Page_174">174</a><br />
+<br />
+Stedfast, <a href="#Page_121">121</a><br />
+<br />
+Stepkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Sterling, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><br />
+<br />
+Steward, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Subpena, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><br />
+<br />
+Sudden, <a href="#Page_212">212</a><br />
+<br />
+Supply, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Susan, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a><br />
+<br />
+Susanna, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br />
+<br />
+Susey, <a href="#Page_129">129</a><br />
+<br />
+Sybil, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><br />
+<br />
+Sydney, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a><br />
+<br />
+Syssot, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+T<br />
+<br />
+Tabitha, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a><br />
+<br />
+Tace, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a><br />
+<br />
+Tacey, <a href="#Page_147">147</a><br />
+<br />
+Talitha-Cumi, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Talkative, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Tamar, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><br />
+<br />
+Tamaris, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br />
+<br />
+Tamsin, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Tamson, <a href="#Page_108">108</a><br />
+<br />
+Tamworth, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Tankerville, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Tebbutt, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Tellno, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span><br />
+Temperance, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+Tetsy, <a href="#Page_115">115</a><br />
+<br />
+Tetty, <a href="#Page_115">115</a><br />
+<br />
+Thank, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Thankful, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Thanks, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><br />
+<br />
+Theobald, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br />
+<br />
+Theobalda, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br />
+<br />
+Theophania, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><br />
+<br />
+Theophilus, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><br />
+<br />
+Tholy, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomas, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomas Barkin, <a href="#Page_233">233</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomasena, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomaset, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomas Fulton, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomas Hill Joseph Napoleon Horatio Bonaparte Swindlehurst Nelson, <a href="#Page_222">222</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomasin, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomasine, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomas Maria, <a href="#Page_215">215</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomas Posthumus, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomazin, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Thomesin, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Thurstan, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Thurston, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><br />
+<br />
+Tib, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><br />
+<br />
+Tibbe, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Tibbett, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><br />
+<br />
+Tibbin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Tibbitt, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><br />
+<br />
+Tibet, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><br />
+<br />
+Tibbot, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><br />
+<br />
+Tibot, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br />
+<br />
+Tiffanie, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><br />
+<br />
+Tiffany, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><br />
+<br />
+Tiffeny, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><br />
+<br />
+Tillett, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br />
+<br />
+Tillot, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br />
+<br />
+Tillotson, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br />
+<br />
+Tim, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Timothy, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><br />
+<br />
+Tipkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br />
+<br />
+Tippin, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Tipping, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br />
+<br />
+Tippitt, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><br />
+<br />
+Tobel, <a href="#Page_40">40</a><br />
+<br />
+Toll, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br />
+<br />
+Tollett, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br />
+<br />
+Tollitt, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br />
+<br />
+Tolly, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br />
+<br />
+Tom, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><br />
+<br />
+Tomasin, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><br />
+<br />
+Tomkin, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Tonkin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br />
+<br />
+Trial, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><br />
+<br />
+Tribulation, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a><br />
+<br />
+Trinity, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+True-heart, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Truth, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a><br />
+<br />
+Tryphena, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Tryphosa, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br />
+<br />
+Tufton, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+Tunstall, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+Tyffanie, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><br />
+<br />
+Tyllot, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br />
+<br />
+Typhenie, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+U<br />
+<br />
+Unfeigned, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><br />
+<br />
+Unity, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><br />
+<br />
+Upright, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Urias, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><br />
+<br />
+Ursula, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+V<br />
+<br />
+Vashni, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Venus, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><br />
+<br />
+Victory, <a href="#Page_149">149</a><br />
+<br />
+Virginia, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><br />
+<br />
+Virtue, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><br />
+<br />
+Vitalis, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+W<br />
+<br />
+Walter, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><br />
+<br />
+Warin, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+Warinot, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span><br />
+Washington, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><br />
+<br />
+Wat, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><br />
+<br />
+Watchful, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><br />
+<br />
+Watkin, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><br />
+<br />
+Watkins, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br />
+<br />
+Watt, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br />
+<br />
+Weakly, <a href="#Page_175">175</a><br />
+<br />
+Wealthy, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a><br />
+<br />
+Welcome, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><br />
+<br />
+What-God-will, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><br />
+<br />
+Wilcock, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a><br />
+<br />
+Wilkin, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Will, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><br />
+<br />
+Willan, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+William, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><br />
+<br />
+William Henry, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><br />
+<br />
+Willin, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Willing, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br />
+<br />
+Willot, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><br />
+<br />
+Wilmot, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><br />
+<br />
+Windebank, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><br />
+<br />
+Woodrove, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><br />
+<br />
+Wrath, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><br />
+<br />
+Wrestling, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><br />
+<br />
+Wyatt, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><br />
+<br />
+Wyon, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Y<br />
+<br />
+Young Allen, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><br />
+<br />
+Young John, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+Z<br />
+<br />
+Zabulon, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><br />
+<br />
+Zachary, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><br />
+<br />
+Zanchy, <a href="#Page_130">130</a><br />
+<br />
+Zaphnaphpaaneah, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><br />
+<br />
+Zaphnaphpaaneah Isaiah Obededom Nicodemus Francis Edward, <a href="#Page_222">222</a><br />
+<br />
+Zeal-for-God, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><br />
+<br />
+Zeal-of-the-land, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a><br />
+<br />
+Zebulon, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><br />
+<br />
+Zephaniah, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a><br />
+<br />
+Zerrubabel, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a><br />
+<br />
+Zillah, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><br />
+<br />
+Zipporah, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><i>Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><strong>Footnotes:</strong></p>
+
+<p><a name='f_1' id='f_1' href='#fna_1'>[1]</a> This is easily proved. In the wardrobe accounts for Edward IV., 1480,
+occur the following items:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;John Poyntmaker, for pointing of xl. dozen points of silk pointed
+with agelettes of laton.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;John Carter, for cariage away of a grete loode of robeux that was
+left in the strete.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;To a laborer called Rychard Gardyner working in the gardyne.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;To Alice Shapster for making and washing of xxiiii. sherts, and
+xxiiii. stomachers.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Shapster is a feminine form of Shapper or Shaper&mdash;one who shaped or cut
+out cloths for garments. All these several individuals, having no
+particular surname, took or received one from the occupation they
+temporarily followed.&mdash;&#8220;Privy Purse Expenses, Eliz. of York,&#8221; p. 122.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_2' id='f_2' href='#fna_2'>[2]</a> Any number of such instances might be recorded. Mr. W. C. Leighton, in
+<i>Notes and Queries</i>, February 23, 1861, notices a deed dated 1347, wherein
+two John de Leightons, brothers, occur. Mr. Waters, in his interesting
+pamphlet, &#8220;Parish Registers&#8221; (p. 30), says that Protector Somerset had
+three sons christened Edward, born respectively 1529, 1539, and 1548. All
+were <i>living</i> at the same time. He adds that John Leland, the antiquary,
+had a brother John, and that John White, Bishop of Winchester 1556-1560,
+was brother to Sir John White, Knight, Lord Mayor in 1563.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_3' id='f_3' href='#fna_3'>[3]</a> &#8220;I also give to the said Robert ... that land which Hobbekin de Bothum
+held of me.&#8221;&mdash;Ext. deed of Sir Robert de Stokeport, Knight, 1189-1199:
+Earwaker&#8217;s &#8220;East Cheshire,&#8221; p. 334.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_4' id='f_4' href='#fna_4'>[4]</a> I have seen Stepkin as a surname but once. Lieutenant Charles Stepkin
+served under the Duke of Northumberland, in 1640.&mdash;Peacock&#8217;s &#8220;Army List of
+Roundheads and Cavaliers,&#8221; p. 78.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_5' id='f_5' href='#fna_5'>[5]</a> <i>Adekyn</i> was the simple and only title of the harper to Prince Edward
+in 1306, who attended the <i>cour pleni&egrave;re</i> held by King Edward at the feast
+of Whitsuntide at Westminster.&mdash;Chappell, &#8220;Popular Music of ye Olden
+Time,&#8221; p. 29.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_6' id='f_6' href='#fna_6'>[6]</a> Sill was the nick form of Sybil and Silas till the seventeenth
+century, when the Puritan Silence seized it. I have only seen one instance
+of the surname, &#8220;John Silkin&#8221; being set down as dwelling in Tattenhall,
+Cheshire, in 1531 (Earwaker&#8217;s &#8220;East Cheshire,&#8221; p. 56).</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_7' id='f_7' href='#fna_7'>[7]</a> Nevertheless the surname did exist in Yorkshire in Richard II.&#8217;s
+reign:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Willelmus Malkynson, and Dionisia uxor ejus, iiii<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;W. D. S.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_8' id='f_8' href='#fna_8'>[8]</a> I need not quote, in proof of the popularity of <i>kin</i>, our surnames of
+Simpkinson, Hopkins, Dickens, Dickenson, Watkins, Hawkins, Jenkinson,
+Atkinson, and the rest. I merely mention that the patronymics ending in
+<i>kins</i> got abbreviated into <i>kiss</i>, and <i>kes</i>, and <i>ks</i>. Hence the origin
+of our Perkes, Purkiss, Hawkes, and Hawks, Dawks, Jenks, Juckes, and Jukes
+(Judkins).</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_9' id='f_9' href='#fna_9'>[9]</a> In this class we must assuredly place Figgins. In the Hundred Rolls
+appears &#8220;Ralph, son of Fulchon.&#8221; Here, of course, is the diminutive of the
+once common Fulke. Fick and Figg were the nick forms:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1 Henry VIII. To Fygge the taborer, 6<sup>d</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;Churchwarden&#8217;s Books of
+Kingston-on-Thames, Brand&#8217;s &#8220;Pop. Ant.,&#8221; i. 147.</p></div>
+
+<p>The London Directory has all the forms and corruptions as surnames,
+including Fick, Ficken, Figg, Figgs, Figgess, and Figgins.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_10' id='f_10' href='#fna_10'>[10]</a> Guion was not half so popular in England as Guiot. There are
+fifty-five Wyatts to three Wyons in the London Directory (1870). If
+Spenser had written of Guyon two centuries earlier, this might have been
+altered. Guy Fawkes ruined Guy. He can never be so popular again.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_11' id='f_11' href='#fna_11'>[11]</a> Cornwall would naturally be last to be touched by the Reformation.
+Hence these old forms were still used to the close of Elizabeth&#8217;s reign,
+as for instance:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1576, March 24. Baptized Ibbett, d. of Kateryne Collys, bastard.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1576, July 30. Baptized Isott, d. of Richard Moyle.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb Major.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_12' id='f_12' href='#fna_12'>[12]</a> This connection of Scripture name with present circumstance ran out
+its full period. In the diary of Samuel Jeake, a well-known Puritan of
+Rye, occurs this reference to his son, born August 13, 1688: &#8220;At 49
+minutes past 11 p.m. exactly (allowing 10&prime; that the sun sets at Rye before
+he comes to the level of the horizon, for the watch was set by the
+sun-setting), my wife was safely delivered of a son, whom I named
+Manasseh, hoping that God had now made me <i>forget</i> all my
+toils.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;History of Town and Port of Rye,&#8221; p. 576. Manasseh =
+forgetfulness.</p>
+
+<p>A bishop may be instanced. Aylmer, who succeeded Sandys in the see of
+London, was for many years a favourer of Puritanism, and had been one of
+the exiles. His sixth son was <i>Tobel</i> (<i>i.e.</i> God is good), of Writtle, in
+Essex. Archbishop Whitgift was his godfather, and the reason for his
+singular appellation was his mother&#8217;s being overturned in a coach without
+injury when she was pregnant (Cooper&#8217;s &#8220;Ath. Cant.&#8221; ii. 172).</p>
+
+<p>Again: &#8220;At Dr. Whitaker&#8217;s death, his wife is described as being &#8216;partui
+vicina,&#8217; and a week afterwards her child was christened by the name of
+<i>Jabez</i>, doubtless for the scriptural reason &#8216;because, she said, I bare
+him with sorrow.&#8217;&#8221;&mdash;Cooper&#8217;s &#8220;Ath. Cant.&#8221; ii. 197.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_13' id='f_13' href='#fna_13'>[13]</a> Esther&#8217;s other name of Hadassah had a share of favour. So late as
+William and Mary&#8217;s reign we find the name in use:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1691, May 24. Christened Hadasa, daughter of Arthur Richardson.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1693, Sep. 4. Christened John, son of Nicholas and Hadassah Davis.&#8221;&mdash;St.
+Dionis Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_14' id='f_14' href='#fna_14'>[14]</a> In the Lancashire &#8220;Church Surveys,&#8221; 1649-1655, being the first volume
+of the Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society&#8217;s publications, edited by
+Colonel Fishwick, occur Thurston Brown, Thurston Brere, Thurston Brich, on
+one single page of the index.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_15' id='f_15' href='#fna_15'>[15]</a> To tell a lie is to tell a <i>lee</i> in Lancashire.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_16' id='f_16' href='#fna_16'>[16]</a> Several names seem to have been taken directly from the Hebrew
+tongue. &#8220;Amalasioutha&#8221; occurs as a baptismal name in the will of a man
+named Corbye, 1594 (Rochester Wills); Barijirehah in that of J. Allen,
+1651, and Michalaliel among the Pilgrim Fathers (Hotten).</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_17' id='f_17' href='#fna_17'>[17]</a> Colonel Cunningham, in his annotations of the &#8220;Alchemist,&#8221; says,
+speaking of the New Englanders bearing the Puritan prejudices with them:
+&#8220;So deeply was it rooted, that in the rebellion of the colonies a member
+of that State seriously proposed to Congress the putting down of the
+English language by law, and decreeing the universal adoption of the
+Hebrew in its stead.&#8221;&mdash;Vol. ii. p. 33, Jonson&#8217;s Works.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_18' id='f_18' href='#fna_18'>[18]</a> The following entry is a curiosity:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1756, May 24. Buried Love Venus Rivers.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter, Cornhill.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_19' id='f_19' href='#fna_19'>[19]</a> Even Nathaniel may have been a pre-Reformation name, for Grumio says,
+&#8220;Call forth Nathaniel, Joseph, Nicholas, Philip, Walter, Sugarsop, and the
+rest; let their heads be sleekly combed&#8221; (&#8220;Taming of the Shrew,&#8221; Act iv.
+sc. 1.), where he is manifestly using the old names.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_20' id='f_20' href='#fna_20'>[20]</a> Zachary was the then form of Zachariah, as Jeremy of Jeremiah.
+Neither is a nickname.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_21' id='f_21' href='#fna_21'>[21]</a> The story of Cain and Abel would be popularized in the &#8220;mysteries.&#8221;
+Abelot was a favourite early pet form (<i>vide</i> &#8220;English Surnames,&#8221; index;
+also p. 82).</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_22' id='f_22' href='#fna_22'>[22]</a> &#8220;Jan, 1537. Item: payed to Blaze for brawdering a payre of sleves for
+my lady&#8217;s grace, xx<sup>s</sup>.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Privy Purse Expenses, Princess Mary.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_23' id='f_23' href='#fna_23'>[23]</a> Philip is found just as frequently for girls as boys:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1588, March 15. Baptized Phillip, daughter of John Younge.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1587, Feb. 7. Baptized Phillip, daughter of James Laurence.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb
+Major.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_24' id='f_24' href='#fna_24'>[24]</a> In the Oxford edition, 1859, is a foot-note: &#8220;Appoline was the usual
+name in England, as Appoline in France, for Apollonia, a martyr at
+Alexandria, who, among other tortures, had all her teeth beaten out.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_25' id='f_25' href='#fna_25'>[25]</a> Mr. Beesley, in his &#8220;History of Banbury&#8221; (p. 456), curiously enough
+speaks of this <i>Epiphany</i> as a Puritan example. I need not say that a
+Banbury zealot would have as soon gone to the block as impose such a title
+on his child.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_26' id='f_26' href='#fna_26'>[26]</a> Gawain, Gawen, or Gavin lingered till last century in Cumberland and
+the Furrness district. The surname of Gunson in the same parts shows that
+&#8220;Gun&#8221; was a popular form. Hence, in the Hundred Rolls, Matilda fil. Gunne
+or Eustace Gunnson. The London Directory forms are Gowan, Gowen, and
+Gowing:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1593, Nov. 7. Buried Sarra Bone, wife of Gawen Bone.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis
+Backchurch.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_27' id='f_27' href='#fna_27'>[27]</a> A good instance of the position in society of Jane and Joan is seen
+in Rowley&#8217;s &#8220;A Woman never Vexed,&#8221; where, in the <i>dramatis person&aelig;</i>,
+<i>Jane</i> is daughter to the London Alderman, and <i>Joan</i> servant-wench to the
+Widow. The play was written about 1630.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_28' id='f_28' href='#fna_28'>[28]</a> There seems to have been some difficulty in forming the feminines of
+Charles, all of which are modern. Charlotte was known in England before
+the queen of George III. made it popular, through the brave Charlet la
+Tr&eacute;mouille, Lady Derby; but it was rarely used:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1670, Oct. 26. Sir Sam<sup>l</sup>. Morland to Carola Harsnet.&#8221;&mdash;Westminster
+Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1703. Charlotte Eliza, d. of Mr. John Harmand, a French
+minister.&#8221;&mdash;Hammersmith.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;9 Will. III. June 29. Caroletta Hasting, defendant.&#8221;&mdash;Decree Rolls, MSS.
+Record Office.</p></div>
+
+<p>Carolina, Englished into Caroline, became for a while the favourite, but
+Charlotte ran away with the honours after the beloved princess of that
+name died.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_29' id='f_29' href='#fna_29'>[29]</a> Bethia still lingers in certain families, but its origin has
+manifestly been forgotten. In <i>Notes and Queries</i>, February 23, 1861, Mr.
+W. A. Leighton deems the name an incorrect version of the scriptural
+Bithiah (1 Chron. iv. 18); while &#8220;G.,&#8221; writing March 9, 1861, evidently
+agrees with this conclusion, for after saying that his aunt, a sister, and
+two cousins bear it, he adds, &#8220;They spell it Bethia and Bathia, instead of
+Bithiah, which is the accurate form&#8221;! Miss Yonge also is at fault: &#8220;The
+old name of Bethia, to be found in various English families, probably came
+from an ancestral Beth on either Welsh, Scots, or Irish sides.&#8221; She makes
+it Keltic.</p>
+
+<p>The latest instance of Bethia I have seen is the following, on a mural
+tablet in Kirkthorpe Church, York:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Bethia Atkins, ob. Ap. 16th, 1851, aged 74.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_30' id='f_30' href='#fna_30'>[30]</a> &#8220;But the ridicule which falls on this mode of naming children belongs
+not to these times only, for the practice was in use long
+before.&#8221;&mdash;Harris, &#8220;Life of Oliver Cromwell,&#8221; p. 342.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_31' id='f_31' href='#fna_31'>[31]</a> This child was buried a few days later. From the name given the
+father seems to have expected the event.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_32' id='f_32' href='#fna_32'>[32]</a> From 1585 to 1600, that is, in fifteen years, Warbleton register
+records more than a hundred examples of eccentric Puritanism.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_33' id='f_33' href='#fna_33'>[33]</a> This name crept into Yorkshire after Accepted Frewen became
+archbishop. &#8220;Thornton Church is a little episcopal chapel-of-ease, rich in
+Nonconformist monuments, as of Accepted Lister, and his friend Dr.
+Hale.&#8221;&mdash;Mrs. Gaskell&#8217;s &#8220;Charlotte Bront&euml;,&#8221; p. 37.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_34' id='f_34' href='#fna_34'>[34]</a> Faith-my-joy was buried June 12, 1602. While the name was Puritan in
+the sense that it would never have been given but for the zealots, it was
+merely a translation of the Purefoy motto, &#8220;Pure Foi ma Joi.&#8221; Antony
+turned it into a spiritual allusion.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_35' id='f_35' href='#fna_35'>[35]</a> &#8220;On Jan. 28, 17 James I., William Foster ... together with Sir Henry
+Burton, Susan Mowne, and James Bynde, and Sanctia or Sence his wife,
+joined in conveying to Robert Raunce and Edward Thurland ... a house and
+land in Carshalton on trust to sell.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Bray&#8217;s Surrey,&#8221; ii. 513.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_36' id='f_36' href='#fna_36'>[36]</a> Erasmus became a popular baptismal name, and still exists:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1541, Jan. 3. Baptized Erasmus, sonne of John Lynsey.&#8221;&mdash;St. Peter,
+Cornhill.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1593, Sep. 16. Baptized Erasmus, sonne of John Record, merchaunt
+tailor.&#8221;&mdash;Ditto.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1611, July 18. Buried Erasmus Finche, captaine, of Dover Castle.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_37' id='f_37' href='#fna_37'>[37]</a> &#8220;April 6, 1879, at St. Peter&#8217;s Thanet, entered into rest, Mary Given
+Clarke, aged 71 years.&#8221;&mdash;<i>Church Times</i>, April 10, 1879.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_38' id='f_38' href='#fna_38'>[38]</a> The following is curious, although it does not properly belong to
+this class:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1629, July 11. Baptized Subpena, a man childe found at the Subpena office
+in Chancery Lane.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dunstan.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_39' id='f_39' href='#fna_39'>[39]</a> <i>Melior</i> was a favourite:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1675, April 15. Baptized Melior, d. of Thomas and Melior
+Richardson.&#8221;&mdash;Westminster Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1664-5, Feb. 22. William Skutt seeks renewal of a wine licence, which he
+holds in behalf of his mother-in-law, Melior Allen, of Sarum, at &pound;10 a
+year.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;C. S. P. Dom.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1552, July 11. Baptized Mellior, d. of John James.&#8221;&mdash;St. Columb Major.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_40' id='f_40' href='#fna_40'>[40]</a> &#8220;1661, Sep. 6. Baptized Faith Dionis, Charity Dionis, Grace Dionis,
+three foundlings.&#8221;&mdash;St. Dionis, Backchurch.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Manchester Evening Mail</i>, March 22, 1878, says, &#8220;At Stanton, near
+Ipswich, three girls, having been born at one birth, were baptized Faith,
+Hope, and Charity.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_41' id='f_41' href='#fna_41'>[41]</a> Constance had been an old English favourite, its nick and pet forms
+being Cust, or Custance, or Cussot (<i>vide</i> &#8220;English Surnames,&#8221; p. 67, 2nd
+edition). The Puritan dropped these, but adopted &#8220;Constant&#8221; and
+&#8220;Constancy.&#8221; The more worldly, in the mean time, curtailed it to &#8220;Con.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_42' id='f_42' href='#fna_42'>[42]</a> Sophia did not come into England for a century after this. But, while
+speaking of Greek names, the most popular was Philadelphia:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1639, May 3. Buried the Lady Philadelphia Carr.&#8221;&mdash;Hillingdon, Middlesex.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1720, Aug. 6. Married William Adams and Philadelphia Saffery.&#8221;&mdash;Cant.
+Cath.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;1776, Jan. 5. Buried Philadelphia, wife of John Read.&#8221;&mdash;Blockley, Glouc.</p></div>
+
+<p>Whether Penn styled the city he founded after the Church mentioned in the
+Apocalypse, or after a friend or kinswoman, or because, interpreted, it
+was a Quaker sentiment, I cannot say. But Philadelphia, in James I.&#8217;s
+reign, had become such a favourite that I have before me over a hundred
+instances, after no very careful research. None was needed; it appears in
+every register, and lingered on into the present century.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_43' id='f_43' href='#fna_43'>[43]</a> &#8220;1658. Mr. Charles Beswicke, minister of the parish ch. of Stockport,
+and Sylance Symonds, d. of Mr. Robert Symonds, of Daubever, co. Derby,
+published March 28, April 4 and 11, 1658.&#8221;&mdash;Banns, Parish Church,
+Stockport.</p>
+
+<p>This Silence was either mother or grandmother to Silence Thyer, but I am
+not sure which is the relationship. If grandmother, then there must have
+been three generations of &#8220;Silences.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_44' id='f_44' href='#fna_44'>[44]</a> &#8220;I myself have known some persons in London, and other parts of this
+kingdom, who have been christened by the names of Faith, Hope, Charity,
+Mercy, Grace, Obedience, Endure, Rejoice, etc.&#8221;&mdash;Brome&#8217;s &#8220;Travels in
+England,&#8221; p. 279.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_45' id='f_45' href='#fna_45'>[45]</a> Repentance lingered longer than I thought. In the churchyard of
+Mappowder, Dorset, is a tombstone to the memory of &#8220;Repentance, wife of,&#8221;
+etc. She died within the last twenty years. There is no doubt that these
+names found their latest home in Devon and Dorset. The names in Mr.
+Blackmore&#8217;s novels corroborate this.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_46' id='f_46' href='#fna_46'>[46]</a> This is another case of a Puritan name that got into high society.
+Accepted Frewen died an archbishop; Humble Ward became first Baron Ward.
+His daughter Theodosia married Sir Thomas Brereton, Bart.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_47' id='f_47' href='#fna_47'>[47]</a> &#8220;Faithful Teate was minister at Sudbury, Suffolk, at the time Richard
+Sibbes, who was born close by, was growing up.&#8221;&mdash;Sibbes&#8217; Works, 1. xxvi.
+Nichol, 1862.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_48' id='f_48' href='#fna_48'>[48]</a> Antony &agrave; Wood says Robert Abbott, minister at Cranbrook, Kent,
+published a quarto sermon in 1626, entitled &#8220;Be-thankful London and her
+Sisters.&#8221; When we remember that Warbleton in 1626 had at least a dozen
+Be-Thankfuls among its inhabitants, and that Cranbrook was within walking
+distance, we see where the title of this discourse was got.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_49' id='f_49' href='#fna_49'>[49]</a> Live-well Chapman was a Fifth Monarchy man. There is still extant a
+pamphlet headed &#8220;A Declaration of several of the Churches of Christ, and
+Godly People, in and about the City of London, concerning the Kingly
+Interest of Christ, and the Present Sufferings of His Cause, and Saints in
+England. Printed for Live-well Chapman, 1654.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_50' id='f_50' href='#fna_50'>[50]</a> These two were twins:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1589, Oct. 12. Baptized Fre-gyft and Fear-not, ye children of John
+Lulham.&#8221;&mdash;Warbleton.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_51' id='f_51' href='#fna_51'>[51]</a> This, no doubt, will be a relative of the well-known Puritan, Comfort
+Starr, born in the adjacent hamlet of Ashford.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_52' id='f_52' href='#fna_52'>[52]</a> A tablet in Northiam Church says&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;In memory of Thankfull Frewen, Esq., patron of, and a generous benefactor
+to, this Church: who was many years purse-bearer and afterwards secretary
+to Lord Keeper Coventry, in the reign of Charles the First.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>A flat stone in the chancel commemorates the second Thankful:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Hic situs est vir reverendus Thankfull Frewen hujus ecclesi&aelig; per
+quinquaginta sex annos rector sanctissimus &amp; doctissimus ... obiit 2<sup>do</sup>
+Septembris, 1749, anno &aelig;tatis 81<sup>mo</sup>.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_53' id='f_53' href='#fna_53'>[53]</a> We have already seen that Stephen Vynall had a daughter baptized
+No-merit at Warbleton, September 28, 1589. Heley&#8217;s influence followed him
+to Isfield, as this entry proves.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_54' id='f_54' href='#fna_54'>[54]</a> &#8220;1723.&mdash;Welthiana Bryan.&#8221;&mdash;Nicholl&#8217;s &#8220;Coll. Top. et Gen.,&#8221; iii. 250.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_55' id='f_55' href='#fna_55'>[55]</a> Pleasant lasted for some time:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1757, Jan. 11. Married Thomas Dunn and Pleasant Dadd.&#8221;&mdash;Cant. Cath.</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_56' id='f_56' href='#fna_56'>[56]</a> A dozen Freemans may be seen within the limits of half that number of
+pages in the Finchley registers. Here is one:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;1603, Feb. 26. Baptized Freeman, filius Freeman Page.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p><a name='f_57' id='f_57' href='#fna_57'>[57]</a> That is, he held him crosswise in his arms.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_58' id='f_58' href='#fna_58'>[58]</a> &#8220;And here was &#8216;Bartholomew Fayre&#8217; acted to-day, which had not been
+these forty years, it being so satyricall against Puritanism, they durst
+not till now.&#8221;&mdash;Pepys, Sept. 7, 1661.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_59' id='f_59' href='#fna_59'>[59]</a> That some changed their names for titles of more godly import need
+not be doubted. William Jenkin says, &#8220;I deny not, but in some cases it may
+be lawfull to change our names, or forbear to mention them, either by
+tongue or pen: but then we should not be put upon such straits by the
+badnesse of our actions (as the most are) which we are ashamed to own,
+<i>but by the consideration of God&#8217;s glory</i>, or <i>the Churches good</i>, or our
+own necessary preservation in time of persecution.&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Exposition of Jude,&#8221;
+1652, p. 7.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_60' id='f_60' href='#fna_60'>[60]</a> A child was baptized, January 10, 1880, in the parish church of
+Stone, near Dartford, by the name of Sou&#8217;wester. He was named after an
+uncle who was born at sea in a south-westerly gale, who received the same
+name (<i>Notes and Queries</i>, February 7, 1880).</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_61' id='f_61' href='#fna_61'>[61]</a> We have already recorded Hate-evil as existing in the Banbury Church
+register.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_62' id='f_62' href='#fna_62'>[62]</a> The practice of hyphening names, as a condition of accepting
+property, etc., is of recent origin. By this means not a double baptismal,
+but a double patronymic, name is formed. But though manifestly increasing,
+the number of such double surnames is not yet a large one.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_63' id='f_63' href='#fna_63'>[63]</a> &#8220;At Faversham a tradesman in 1847 had a son baptized Church-reform,
+and wished for another, to style him No-tithes, but wished in vain.&#8221;&mdash;P.
+S. in <i>Notes and Queries</i>, February 3, 1866.</p>
+
+<p><a name='f_64' id='f_64' href='#fna_64'>[64]</a> Sometimes, however, one was deemed enough, as, for instance,
+&#8220;Charitye, daughter of the Lord knows who!&#8221; This is from Youlgreave,
+Derbyshire, but the correspondent of <i>Notes and Queries</i> does not give the
+date.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature, by 
+Charles W. Bardsley
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature, by
+Charles W. Bardsley
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature
+
+Author: Charles W. Bardsley
+
+Release Date: March 28, 2012 [EBook #39284]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIOSITIES OF PURITAN NOMENCLATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES OF PURITAN NOMENCLATURE
+
+
+
+
+BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
+
+_Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 7s. 6d._
+
+OUR ENGLISH SURNAMES: their Sources and Significations.
+
+"Mr. Bardsley has faithfully consulted the original mediaeval documents and
+works from which the origin and development of surnames can alone be
+satisfactorily traced. He has furnished a valuable contribution to the
+literature of surnames, and we hope to hear more of him in this
+field."--_Times._
+
+_CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY, W._
+
+
+
+
+  CURIOSITIES OF
+  PURITAN NOMENCLATURE
+
+
+  BY CHARLES W. BARDSLEY
+
+  AUTHOR OF "ENGLISH SURNAMES, THEIR SOURCES AND SIGNIFICATIONS"
+
+
+                              "O my lord,
+    The times and titles now are alter'd strangely"
+                                        KING HENRY VIII.
+
+
+  London
+  CHATTO AND WINDUS, PICCADILLY
+  1880
+
+  [_The right of translation is reserved_]
+
+
+
+
+_Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles._
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATED TO HIS FELLOW MEMBERS OF THE HARLEIAN SOCIETY.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+I will not be so ill-natured as to quote the names of all the writers who
+have denied the existence of Puritan eccentricities at the font. One, at
+least, ought to have known better, for he has edited more books of the
+Puritan epoch than any other man in England. The mistake of all is that,
+misled perhaps by Walter Scott and Macaulay, they have looked solely to
+the Commonwealth period. The custom was then in its decay.
+
+I have to thank several clergymen for giving me extracts from the
+registers and records under their care. A stranger to them, I felt some
+diffidence in making my requests. In every case the assistance I asked for
+was readily extended. These gentlemen are the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson, St.
+Matthew, Friday Street, London; the Rev. W. Wodehouse, Elham, Canterbury;
+the Rev. J. B. Waytes, Markington, Yorks.; the Rev. William Tebbs,
+Caterham Valley; the Rev. Canon Howell, Drayton, Norwich; the Rev. J. O.
+Lord, Northiam, Staplehurst; and the Rev. G. E. Haviland, Warbleton,
+Sussex. The last-named gentleman copied no less than 120 names, all of
+Puritan origin, from the Warbleton records. I beg to thank him most
+warmly, and to congratulate him on possessing the most remarkable register
+of its kind in England. Certain circumstances led me to suspect that
+Warbleton was a kind of head-quarters of these eccentricities; I wrote to
+the rector, and we soon found that we had "struck ile." That Mr. Heley,
+the Puritan incumbent, should have baptized his own children by such names
+as Fear-not and Much-mercy, was not strange, but that he should have
+persuaded the majority of his parishioners to follow his example proves
+wonderful personal influence.
+
+Amongst the laity, I owe gratitude to Mr. Chaloner Smith, Richmond,
+Surrey; Mr. R. R. Lloyd, St. Albans; Mr. J. E. Bailey, F.S.A., Manchester;
+Mr. J. L. Beardsley, Cleveland, U.S.A.; Mr. Tarbutts, Cranbrook, Kent; and
+Mr. Speed, Ulverston.
+
+Of publications, I must needs mention _Notes and Queries_, a
+treasure-house to all antiquaries; the Sussex Archaeological Society's
+works, and the _Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal_. The
+"Wappentagium de Strafford" of the latter is the best document yet
+published for students of nomenclature. Out of it alone a complete history
+of English surnames and baptismal names might be written. Though inscribed
+with clerkly formality, it contained more _pet forms_ than any other
+record I have yet seen; and this alone must stamp it as a most important
+document. The Harleian Society, by publishing church registers, have set a
+good example, and I have made much use of those that have been issued.
+They contain few instances of Puritan extravagance, but that is owing to
+the fact that no leading Puritan was minister of any of the three churches
+whose records they have so far printed. I sincerely hope the list of
+subscribers to this society may become enlarged.
+
+For the rest--the result of twelve years' research--I am alone
+responsible. Heavy clerical responsibilities have often been lightened by
+a holiday spent among the yellow parchments of churches in town and
+country, from north to south of England. As it is possible I have seen as
+many registers as any other man in the country, I will add one
+statement--a very serious one: there are thousands of entries, at this
+moment faintly legible, which in another generation will be wholly
+illegible. What is to be done?
+
+Should this little work meet the eye of any of the clergy in Sussex, Kent,
+and, I may add, Surrey, I would like to state that if they will search the
+baptismal records of the churches under their charge, say from 1580 to
+1620, and furnish me with the result, I shall be very much obliged.
+
+  VICARAGE, ULVERSTON,
+    _March, 1880_.
+
+
+
+
+NOTE.
+
+W. D. S. in the Prologue = "Wappentagium de Strafford."
+
+C. S. P. = "Calendar of State Papers."
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+  PROLOGUE.
+
+  THE PET-NAME EPOCH IN ENGLAND.
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+      I. THE PAUCITY OF NAMES AFTER THE CONQUEST                     1
+
+     II. PET FORMS                                                   9
+         (_a._) Kin                                                  9
+         (_b._) Cock                                                13
+         (_c._) On or In                                            17
+         (_d._) Ot or Et                                            21
+         (_e._) Double Terminatives.                                30
+
+    III. SCRIPTURE NAMES ALREADY IN USE AT THE REFORMATION          34
+         (_a._) Mystery Names                                       34
+         (_b._) Crusade Names                                       35
+         (_c._) The Saints' Calendar                                36
+         (_d._) Festival Names                                      36
+
+
+    CHAPTER I.
+
+    THE HEBREW INVASION.
+
+      I. THE MARCH OF THE ARMY                                      38
+
+     II. POPULARITY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT                            59
+
+    III. OBJECTIONABLE SCRIPTURE NAMES                              70
+
+     IV. LOSSES                                                     76
+         (_a._) The Destruction of Pet Forms                        76
+         (_b._) The Decrease of Nick Forms                          82
+         (_c._) The Decay of Saint and Festival Names               92
+         (_d._) The Last of some Old Favourites                     99
+
+      V. THE GENERAL CONFUSION                                     109
+
+
+    CHAPTER II.
+
+    PURITAN ECCENTRICITIES.
+
+      I. INTRODUCTORY                                              117
+
+     II. ORIGINATED BY THE PRESBYTERIAN CLERGY                     121
+
+    III. CURIOUS NAMES NOT PURITAN                                 128
+
+     IV. INSTANCES                                                 134
+         (_a._) Latin Names                                        134
+         (_b._) Grace Names                                        138
+         (_c._) Exhortatory Names                                  155
+         (_d._) Accidents of Birth                                 166
+         (_e._) General                                            176
+
+      V. A SCOFFING WORLD                                          179
+         (_a._) The Playwrights                                    182
+         (_b._) The Sussex Jury                                    191
+         (_c._) Royalists with Puritan Names                       194
+
+     VI. BUNYAN'S DEBT TO THE PURITANS                             198
+
+    VII. THE INFLUENCE OF PURITANISM ON AMERICAN NOMENCLATURE      201
+
+
+    EPILOGUE.
+
+    DOUBLE CHRISTIAN NAMES: THEIR RISE AND PROGRESS.
+
+      I. ROYAL DOUBLE NAMES                                        213
+
+     II. CONJOINED NAMES                                           222
+
+    III. HYPHENED NAMES                                            224
+
+     IV. THE DECAY OF SINGLE PATRONYMICS IN BAPTISM                228
+
+      V. THE INFLUENCE OF FOUNDLING NAMES UPON DOUBLE BAPTISMAL
+         NAMES                                                     233
+
+
+    INDEX                                                          239
+
+
+
+
+CURIOSITIES OF PURITAN NOMENCLATURE.
+
+
+
+
+PROLOGUE.
+
+THE PET-NAME EPOCH IN ENGLAND.
+
+    "One grows too fat, another too lean: modest Matilda, pretty pleasing
+    Peg, sweet-singing Susan, mincing merry Moll, dainty dancing Doll,
+    neat Nancy, jolly Joan, nimble Nell, kissing Kate, bouncing Bess with
+    black eyes, fair Phillis with fine white hands, fiddling Frank, tall
+    Tib, slender Sib, will quickly lose their grace, grow fulsome, stale,
+    sad, heavy, dull, sour, and all at last out of fashion."--_Anatomy of
+    Melancholy._
+
+    "Be the jacks fair within, the jills fair without, the carpets laid,
+    and everything in order?"--_The Taming of the Shrew._
+
+
+I. THE PAUCITY OF NAMES AFTER THE CONQUEST.
+
+There were no Scripture names in England when the Conqueror took
+possession; even in Normandy they had appeared but a generation or two
+before William came over. If any are found in the old English period, we
+may feel assured they were ecclesiastic titles, adopted at ordination.
+Greek and Latin saints were equally unnoticed.
+
+It is hard to believe the statement I have made. Before many generations
+had passed, Bartholomew, Simon, Peter, Philip, Thomas, Nicholas, John, and
+Elias, had engrossed a third of the male population; yet Domesday Book has
+no Philip, no Thomas, only one Nicholas, and but a sprinkling of Johns. It
+was not long before Jack and Jill took the place of Godric and Godgivu as
+representative of the English sexes, yet Jack was from the Bible, and Jill
+from the saintly Calendar.
+
+Without entering into a deep discussion, we may say that the great mass of
+the old English names had gone down before the year 1200 had been reached.
+Those that survived only held on for bare existence. From the moment of
+William's advent, the names of the Norman began to prevail. He brought in
+Bible names, Saint names, and his own Teutonic names. The old English
+names bowed to them, and disappeared.
+
+A curious result followed. From the year 1150 to 1550, four hundred years
+in round numbers, there was a very much smaller dictionary of English
+personal names than there had been for four hundred years before, and than
+there has been in the four hundred years since. The Norman list was
+really a small one, and yet it took possession of the whole of England.
+
+A consequence of this was the Pet-name Epoch. In every community of one
+hundred Englishmen about the year 1300, there would be an average of
+twenty Johns and fifteen Williams; then would follow Thomas, Bartholomew,
+Nicholas, Philip, Simon, Peter, and Isaac from the Scriptures, and
+Richard, Robert, Walter, Henry, Guy, Roger, and Baldwin from the Teutonic
+list. Of female names, Matilda, Isabella, and Emma were first favourites,
+and Cecilia, Catharine, Margaret, and Gillian came closely upon their
+heels. Behind these, again, followed a fairly familiar number of names of
+either sex, some from the Teuton, some from the Hebrew, some from the
+Greek and Latin Church, but, when all told, not a large category.
+
+It was, of course, impossible for Englishmen and Englishwomen to maintain
+their individuality on these terms. Various methods to secure a
+personality arose. The surname was adopted, and there were John Atte-wood,
+John the Wheelwright, John the Bigg, and John Richard's son, in every
+community. Among the middle and lower classes these did not become
+_hereditary_ till so late as 1450 or 1500.[1] This was not enough, for in
+common parlance it was not likely the full name would be used. Besides,
+there might be two, or even three, Johns in the same family. So late as
+March, 1545, the will of John Parnell de Gyrton runs:
+
+    "Alice, my wife, and Old John, my son, to occupy my farm together,
+    till Olde John marries; Young John, my son, shall have Brenlay's land,
+    plowed and sowed at Old John's cost."
+
+The register of Raby, Leicestershire, has this entry:
+
+    "1559. Item: 29th day of August was John, and John Picke, the children
+    of Xtopher and Anne, baptized.
+
+    "Item: the 31st of August the same John and John were buried."
+
+Mr. Burns, who quotes these instances in his "History of Parish
+Registers," adds that at this same time "one John Barker had three sons
+named John Barker, and two daughters named Margaret Barker."[2]
+
+If the same family had but one name for the household, we may imagine the
+difficulty when this one name was also popular throughout the village. The
+difficulty was naturally solved by, _firstly_, the adoption of _nick_
+forms; _secondly_, the addition of _pet_ desinences. Thus Emma became by
+the one practice simple _Emm_, by the other _Emmott_; and any number of
+boys in a small community might be entered in a register as Bartholomew,
+and yet preserve their individuality in work-a-day life by bearing such
+names as Bat, Bate, Batty, Bartle, Bartelot, Batcock, Batkin, and Tolly,
+or Tholy. In a word, these several forms of Bartholomew were treated as so
+many separate proper names.
+
+No one would think of describing Wat Tyler's--we should now say Walter
+Tyler's--insurrection as Gowen does:
+
+    "_Watte_ vocat, cui _Thoma_ venit, neque _Symme_ retardat,
+      _Bat_--que _Gibbe_ simul, _Hykke_ venire subent:
+    _Colle_ furit, quem _Bobbe_ juvat, nocumenta parantes,
+      Cum quibus, ad damnum _Wille_ coire volat--
+    _Crigge_ rapit, dum _Davie_ strepit, comes est quibus _Hobbe_,
+      _Larkin_ et in medio non minor esse putat:
+    _Hudde_ ferit, quem _Judde_ terit, dum _Tibbe_ juvatur
+      _Jacke_ domosque viros vellit, en ense necat."
+
+These names, taken in order, are Walter, Thomas, Simon, Bartholomew,
+Gilbert, Isaac, Nicholas, Robert, William, Gregory, David, Robert (2),
+Lawrence, Hugh, Jordan (or George), Theobald, and John.
+
+Another instance will be evidence enough. The author of "Piers Plowman"
+says--
+
+    "Then goeth Glutton in, and grete other after,
+    _Cesse_, the sonteresse, sat on the bench:
+    _Watte_, the warner, and his wife bothe:
+    _Tymme_, the tynkere, and twayne of his prentices:
+    _Hikke_, the hackney man, and _Hugh_, the pedlere,
+    _Clarice_, of Cokkeslane, and the clerke of the churche:
+    _Dawe_, the dykere, and a dozen othere."
+
+Taken in their order, these nick forms represent Cecilia, Walter, Timothy,
+Isaac, Clarice, and David. It will be seen at a glance that such
+appellatives are rare, by comparison, in the present day. Tricks of this
+kind were not to be played with Bible names at the Reformation, and the
+new names from that time were pronounced, with such exceptions as will be
+detailed hereafter, in their fulness.
+
+To speak of William and John is to speak of a race and rivalry 800 years
+old. In Domesday there were 68 Williams, 48 Roberts, 28 Walters, to 10
+Johns. Robert Montensis asserts that in 1173, at a court feast of Henry
+II., Sir William St. John and Sir William Fitz-Hamon bade none but those
+who bore the name of William to appear. There were present 120 Williams,
+all knights. In Edward I.'s reign John came forward. In a Wiltshire
+document containing 588 names, 92 are William, 88 John, 55 Richard, 48
+Robert, 23 Roger, Geoffrey, Ralph, and Peter 16. A century later John was
+first. In 1347, out of 133 common councilmen for London, first convened,
+35 were John, 17 William, 15 Thomas, (St. Thomas of Canterbury was now an
+institution), 10 Richard, 8 Henry, 8 Robert. In 1385 the Guild of St.
+George at Norwich contained 377 names. Of these, John engrossed no less
+than 128, William 47, Thomas 41. The Reformation and the Puritan
+Commonwealth for a time darkened the fortunes of John and William, but the
+Protestant accession befriended the latter, and now, as 800 years ago,
+William is first and John second.
+
+But when we come to realize that nearly one-third of Englishmen were known
+either by the name of William or John about the year 1300, it will be seen
+that the _pet name_ and _nick form_ were no freak, but a necessity. We
+dare not attempt a category, but the surnames of to-day tell us much. Will
+was quite a distinct youth from Willot, Willot from Wilmot, Wilmot from
+Wilkin, and Wilkin from Wilcock. There might be half a dozen Johns about
+the farmstead, but it mattered little so long as one was called Jack,
+another Jenning, a third Jenkin, a fourth Jackcock (now Jacox as a
+surname), a fifth Brownjohn, and a sixth Micklejohn, or Littlejohn, or
+Properjohn (_i.e._ well built or handsome).
+
+The _nick_ forms are still familiar in many instances, though almost
+entirely confined to such names as have descended from that day to the
+present. We still talk of Bob, and Tom, and Dick, and Jack. The
+introduction of Bible names at the Reformation did them much harm. But the
+Reformation, and the English Bible combined, utterly overwhelmed the _pet_
+desinences, and they succumbed. Emmot and Hamlet lived till the close of
+the seventeenth century, but only because they had ceased to be looked
+upon as altered forms of old favourite names, and were entered in vestry
+books on their own account as orthodox proper names.
+
+
+II. PET FORMS.
+
+These pet desinences were of four kinds.
+
+
+(_a_) _Kin._
+
+The primary sense of _kin_ seems to have been relationship: from thence
+family, or offspring. The phrases "from generation to generation," or
+"from father to son," in "Cursor Mundi" find a briefer expression:
+
+    "This writte was gett fra kin to kin,
+    That best it cuth to haf in min."
+
+The next meaning acquired by _kin_ was child, or "young one." We still
+speak in a diminutive sense of a manikin, kilderkin, pipkin, lambkin,
+jerkin, minikin (little minion), or doitkin. Appended to baptismal names
+it became very familiar. "A litul soth Sermun" says--
+
+    "Nor those prude yongemen
+      That loveth Malekyn,
+    And those prude maydenes
+      That loveth Janekyn:
+
+      *       *       *
+
+    Masses and matins
+      Ne kepeth they nouht,
+    For Wilekyn and Watekyn
+      Be in their thouht."
+
+Unquestionably the incomers from Brabant and Flanders, whether as
+troopers or artisans, gave a great impulse to the desinence. They tacked
+it on to everything:
+
+    "_Rutterkin_ can speke no Englyssh,
+    His tongue runneth all on buttyred fyssh,
+    Besmeared with grece abowte his dysshe
+                  Like a rutter hoyda."
+
+They brought in Hankin, and Han-cock, from Johannes; not to say Baudkin,
+or Bodkin, from Baldwin. _Baudechon le Bocher_ in the Hundred Rolls, and
+_Simmerquin Waller_, lieutenant of the Castle of Harcourt in "Wars of the
+English in France," look delightfully Flemish.
+
+Hankin is found late:
+
+    "Thus for her love and loss poor Hankin dies,
+    His amorous soul down flies."
+                                    "Musarum Deliciae," 1655.
+
+To furnish a list of English names ending in _kin_ would be impossible.
+The great favourites were Hopkin (Robert),[3] Lampkin and Lambkin
+(Lambert), Larkin (Lawrence), Tonkin (Antony), Dickin, Stepkin
+(Stephen),[4] Dawkin (David), Adkin,[5] now Atkin (Adam, not Arthur),
+Jeffkin (Jeffrey), Pipkin and Potkin (Philip), Simkin, Tipkin (Theobald),
+Tomkin, Wilkin, Watkin (Walter), Jenkin, Silkin (Sybil),[6] Malkin (Mary),
+Perkin (Peter), Hankin (Hans), and Halkin or Hawkin (Henry). Pashkin or
+Paskin reminds us of Pask or Pash, the old baptismal name for children
+born at Easter. Judkin (now as a surname also Juckin) was the
+representative of Judd, that is, Jordan. George afterwards usurped the
+place. All these names would be entered in their orthodox baptismal style
+in all formal records. But here and there we get free and easy entries, as
+for instance:
+
+    "Agnes Hobkin-wyf, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+    "Henry, son of Halekyn, for 17-1/2 acres of land."--"De Lacy
+    Inquisition," 1311.
+
+    "Emma Watkyn-doghter, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+    "Thi beste cote, Hankyn,
+    Hath manye moles and spottes,
+    It moste ben y-wasshe."
+                          "Piers Plowman."
+
+_Malkin_ was one of the few English female names with this appendage. Some
+relics of this form of Mary still remain. Malkin in Shakespeare is the
+coarse scullery wench:
+
+                  "The kitchen malkin pins
+    Her richest lockram 'bout her reechy neck,
+    Clambering the walls to eye him."
+                                "Coriolanus," Act ii. sc. 1.
+
+While the author of the "Anatomy of Melancholy" is still more unkind, for
+he says--
+
+    "A filthy knave, a deformed quean, a crooked carcass, a maukin, a
+    witch, a rotten post, a hedge-stake may be so set out and tricked up,
+    that it shall make a fair show, as much enamour as the rest."--Part
+    iii. sect. 2, mem. 2, sub-sect. 3.
+
+From a drab Malkin became a scarecrow. Hence Chaucer talks of
+"malkin-trash." As if this were not enough, malkin became the baker's
+clout to clean ovens with. Thus, as Jack took the name of the implements
+Jack used, as in boot-jack, so by easy transitions Malkin. The last hit
+was when Grimalkin (that is, grey-malkin) came to be the cant term for an
+old worn-out quean cat. Hence the witch's name in "Macbeth."
+
+It will be seen at a glance why Malkin is the only name of this class that
+has no place among our surnames.[7] She had lost character. I have
+suggested, in "English Surnames," that Makin, Meakin, and Makinson owe
+their origin to either Mary or Maud. I would retract that supposition.
+There can be little doubt these are patronymics of Matthew, just as is
+Maycock or Meacock. Maykinus Lappyng occurs in "Materials for a History of
+Henry VII.," and the Maykina Parmunter of the Hundred Rolls is probably
+but a feminine form. The masculine name was often turned into a feminine,
+but I have never seen an instance of the reverse order.
+
+Terminations in _kin_ were slightly going down in popular estimation, when
+the Hebrew invasion made a clean sweep of them. They found shelter in
+Wales, however, and our directories preserve in their list of surnames
+their memorial for ever.[8]
+
+
+(_b_) _Cock._
+
+The term "cock" implied _pertness_: especially the pertness of lusty and
+swaggering youth. To cock up the eye, or the hat, or the tail, a haycock
+in a field, a cock-robin in the wood, and a cock-horse in the nursery, all
+had the same relationship of meaning--brisk action, pert
+demonstrativeness. The barn-door cockerel was not more cockapert than the
+boy in the scullery that opened upon the yard where both strutted. Hence
+any lusty lad was "Cock," while such fuller titles as Jeff-cock, or
+Sim-cock, or Bat-cock gave him a preciser individuality. The story of
+"Cocke Lorelle" is a relic of this; while the prentice lad in "Gammer
+Gurton's Needle," acted at Christ College, Cambridge, in 1566, goes by the
+only name of "Cock." Tib the servant wench says to Hodge, after the needle
+is gone--
+
+    "My Gammer is so out of course, and frantic all at once,
+    That Cock our boy, and I, poor wench, have felt it on our bones."
+
+By-and-by Gammer calls the lad to search:
+
+    "Come hither, Cock: what, Cock, I say.
+    _Cock._                          How, Gammer?
+    _Gammer._ Go, hie thee soon: and grope behind the old brass pan."
+
+Such terms as nescock, meacock, dawcock, pillicock, or lobcock may be
+compounds--unless they owe their origin to "cockeney," a spoiled,
+home-cherished lad. In "Wit without Money" Valentine says--
+
+    "For then you are meacocks, fools, and miserable."
+
+In "Appius and Virginia" (1563) Mausipula says (Act i. sc. 1)--
+
+    "My lady's great business belike is at end,
+    When you, goodman dawcock, lust for to wend."
+
+In "King Lear"
+
+    "Pillicock sat on pillicock-hill"
+
+seems an earlier rendering of the nursery rhyme--
+
+    "Pillicock, Pillicock sate on a hill,
+    If he's not gone, he sits there still."
+
+In "Wily Beguiled" Will Cricket says to Churms--
+
+    "Why, since you were bumbasted that your lubberly legs would not carry
+    your lobcock body."
+
+These words have their value in proving how familiarly the term _cock_ was
+employed in forming nicknames. That it should similarly be appended to
+baptismal names, especially the nick form of Sim, Will, or Jeff, can
+therefore present no difficulty.
+
+_Cock_ was almost as common as "_kin_" as a desinence. _Sim-cock_ was
+_Simcock_ to the end of his days, of course, if his individuality had come
+to be known by the name.
+
+    "Hamme, son of Adecock, held 29 acres of land.
+
+    "Mokock de la Lowe, for 10 acres.
+
+    "Mokock dal Moreclough, for six acres.
+
+    "Dik, son of Mocock, of Breercroft, for 20 acres."--"The De Lacy
+    Inquisition," 1311.
+
+Adecock is Adam, and Mocock or Mokock is Matthew. In the same way
+Sander-cock is a diminutive of Sander, Lay-cock of Lawrence, Luccock of
+Luke, Pidcock and Peacock of Peter, Maycock and Mycock of Matthew,
+Jeff-cock of Jeffrey, Johncock of John, Hitch-cock or Hiscock or Heacock
+of Higg or Hick (Isaac), Elcock of Ellis, Hancock or Handcock of Han or
+Hand (Dutch John), Drocock or Drewcock of Drew, Wilcock of William,
+Badcock or Batcock of Bartholomew, and Bawcock of Baldwin, Adcock or
+Atcock of Adam, Silcock of Silas, and Palcock of Paul:
+
+    "Johannes Palcock, et Beatrix uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+    "Ricardus Sylkok, et Matilda uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+The difficulty of identification was manifestly lessened in a village or
+town where _Bate_ could be distinguished from _Batkin_, and _Batkin_ from
+_Batcock_. Hence, again, the common occurrence of such a component as
+_cock_. This diminutive is never seen in the seventeenth century; and yet
+we have many evidences of its use in the beginning of the sixteenth. The
+English Bible, with its tendency to require the full name as a matter of
+reverence, while it supplied new names in the place of the old ones that
+were accustomed to the desinence, caused this. It may be, too, that the
+new regulation of Cromwell in 1538, requiring the careful registration of
+all baptized children, caused parents to lay greater stress on the name as
+it was entered in the vestry-book.
+
+Any way, the sixteenth century saw the end of names terminating in "cock."
+
+
+(_c._) _On or In._
+
+A dictionary instance is "violin," that is, a little viol, a fiddle of
+four strings, instead of six. This diminutive, to judge from the Paris
+Directory, must have been enormously popular with our neighbours. Our
+connection with Normandy and France generally brought the fashion to the
+English Court, and in habits of this kind the English folk quickly copied
+their superiors. Terminations in _kin_ and _cock_ were confined to the
+lower orders first and last. Terminations in _on_ or _in_, and _ot_ or
+_et_, were the introduction of fashion, and being under patronage of the
+highest families in the land, naturally obtained a much wider popularity.
+
+Our formal registers, again, are of little assistance. Beton is coldly and
+orthodoxly Beatrice or Beatrix in the Hundred Rolls. Only here and there
+can we gather that Beatrice was never so called in work-a-day life. In
+"Piers Plowman" it is said--
+
+    "_Beton_ the Brewestere
+      Bade him good morrow."
+
+And again, later on:
+
+    "And bade Bette cut a bough,
+      And beat _Betoun_ therewith."
+
+If Alice is Alice in the registrar's hands, not so in homely Chaucer:
+
+    "This _Alison_ answered: Who is there
+    That knocketh so? I warrant him a thefe."
+
+Or take an old Yorkshire will:
+
+    "Item: to Symkyn, and Watkyn, and Alison Meek, servandes of John of
+    Bolton, to ilk one of yaim, 26{s}. 8{d}."--"Test. Ebor." iii. 21.
+    Surtees Society.
+
+Hugh, too, gets his name familiarly entered occasionally:
+
+    "_Hugyn_ held of the said earl an oxgang of land, and paid yearly
+    iii{s}. vi{d}."--"The De Lacy Inquisition," 1311.
+
+Huggins in our directories is the memorial of this. But in the north of
+England Hutchin was a more popular form. In the "Wappentagium de
+Strafford" occurs--
+
+    "Willelmus Huchon, & Matilda uxor ejus, iiii{d}."
+
+Also--
+
+    "Elena Houchon-servant, iiii{d}."
+
+that is, Ellen the servant of Houchon. Our Hutchinsons are all north of
+Trent folk. Thus, too, Peter (Pier) became Perrin:
+
+    "The wife of Peryn."--"Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne," Chetham Society,
+    p. 87.
+
+Marion, from Mary, is the only familiar instance that has descended to us,
+and no doubt we owe this fact to Maid Marion, the May-lady. Many a Mary
+Ann, in these days of double baptismal names, perpetuates the impression
+that Marion or Marian was compounded of Mary and Ann.
+
+Of familiar occurrence were such names as _Perrin_, from Pierre, Peter;
+_Robin_ and _Dobbin_, from Rob and Dob, Robert; _Colin_, from Col,
+Nicholas; _Diccon_, from Dick, Richard; _Huggin_, from Hugh; _Higgin_,
+from Hick or Higg, Isaac; _Figgin_, from Figg, Fulke;[9] _Phippin_, from
+Phip and Philip; and _Gibbin_, or _Gibbon_, or _Gilpin_, from Gilbert.
+Every instance proves the debt our surnames have incurred by this
+practice.
+
+Several cases are obscured by time and bad pronunciation. Our Tippings
+should more rightly be Tippins, originally Tibbins, from Tibbe (Theobald);
+our Collinges and Collings, Collins; and our Gibbings, Gibbins. Our
+Jennings should be Jennins; _Jennin_ Caervil was barber to the Earl of
+Suffolk in the French wars ("Wars of England in France," Henry VI.).
+Robing had early taken the place of Robin:
+
+    "Johanne Robyng-doghter, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Such entries as Raoulin Meriel and Raoul Partrer (this Raoul was private
+secretary to Henry VI.) remind us of the former popularity of Ralph and of
+the origin of our surnames Rawlins and Rawlinson:
+
+    "Dionisia Rawlyn-wyf, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Here again, however, the "_in_" has become "_ing_," for Rawlings is even
+more common than Rawlins. Deccon and Dickin have got mixed, and both are
+now Dickens, although Dicconson exists as distinct from Dickinson. Spenser
+knew the name well:
+
+    "Diggon Davie, I bid her 'good-day;'
+    Or Diggon her is, or I missay."
+
+    "Matilda Dicon-wyf, webester, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+The London Directory contains Lamming and Laming. Alongside are Lampin,
+Lamin, and Lammin. These again are more correct, all being surnames formed
+from Lambin, a pet form of Lambert:
+
+    "Willelmus Lambyn, et Alicia uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Lambyn Clay played before Edward at Westminster at the great festival in
+1306 (Chappell's "Popular Music of ye Olden Time," i. 29). The French
+forms are Lambin, Lamblin, and Lamberton, all to be met with in the Paris
+Directory.
+
+All these names are relics of a custom that is obsolete in England, though
+not with our neighbours.
+
+
+(_d._) _Ot and Et._
+
+These are the terminations that ran first in favour for many generations.
+
+This diminutive _ot_ or _et_ is found in our language in such words as
+_poppet_, _jacket_, _lancet_, _ballot_, _gibbet_, _target_, _gigot_,
+_chariot_, _latchet_, _pocket_, _ballet_. In the same way a little page
+became a _paget_, and hence among our surnames Smallpage, Littlepage, and
+Paget.
+
+Coming to baptism, we find scarcely a single name of any pretensions to
+popularity that did not take to itself this desinence. The two favourite
+girl-names in Yorkshire previous to the Reformation were Matilda and Emma.
+Two of the commonest surnames there to-day are Emmott and Tillot, with
+such variations as Emmett and Tillett, Emmotson and Tillotson. The
+archbishop came from Yorkshire. _Tyllot_ Thompson occurs under date 1414
+in the "Fabric Rolls of York Minster" (Surtees Society).
+
+    "Rome, April 27, Eugenius IV. (1433). Dispensation from Selow for
+    Richard de Akerode and Emmotte de Greenwood to marry, they being
+    related in the fourth degree."--"Test. Ebor.," iii. 317.
+
+    "Licence to the Vicar of Bradford to marry Roger Prestwick and Emmote
+    Crossley. Bannes thrice in one day" (1466).--"Test. Ebor.," iii. 338.
+
+Isabella was also popular in Yorkshire: hence our Ibbots and Ibbotsons,
+our Ibbetts and Ibbetsons. Registrations such as "Ibbota filia Adam," or
+"Robert filius Ibote," are of frequent occurrence in the county archives.
+The "Wappentagium de Strafford" has:
+
+    "Johanna Ibot-doghter, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Willelmus Kene, et Ibota uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Thomas Gaylyour, et Ebbot sa femme, iiii{d}."
+
+Cecilia became Sissot or Cissot:
+
+    "Willelmus Crake, & Cissot sa femme, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+In the "Manor of Ashton-under-Lyne" (Chetham Society), penned fortunately
+for our purpose in every-day style, we have such entries as--
+
+    "Syssot, wife of Patrick.
+
+    "Syssot, wife of Diccon Wilson.
+
+    "Syssot, wife of Thomas the Cook.
+
+    "Syssot, wife of Jak of Barsley."
+
+Four wives named Cecilia in a community of some twenty-five families will
+be evidence enough of the popularity of that name. All, however, were
+known in every-day converse as Sissot.
+
+Of other girl-names we may mention Mabel, which from Mab became Mabbott;
+Douce became Dowcett and Dowsett; Gillian or Julian, from Gill or Jill
+(whence Jack and Jill), became Gillot, Juliet, and Jowett; Margaret became
+Margett and Margott, and in the north Magot. Hence such entries from the
+Yorkshire parchments, already quoted, as--
+
+    "Thomas de Balme, et Magota uxor ejus, chapman, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Hugo Farrowe, et Magota uxor ejus, smyth, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Johannes Magotson, iiii{d}."
+
+Custance became Cussot, from Cuss or Cust, the nick form. The Hundred
+Rolls contain a "Cussot Colling"--a rare place to find one of these
+diminutives, for they are set down with great clerkly formality.
+
+From Lettice, Lesot was obtained:
+
+    "Johan Chapman, & Lesot sa femme, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+And Dionisia was very popular as Diot:
+
+    "Johannes Chetel, & Diot uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Willelmus Wege, & Diot uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Of course, it became a surname:
+
+    "Robertus Diot, & Mariona uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Willelmus Diotson, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+It is curious to observe that Annot, which now as Annette represents Anne,
+in Richard II.'s day was extremely familiar as the diminutive of Annora or
+Alianora. So common was Annot in North England that the common sea-gull
+came to be so known. It is a mistake to suppose that Annot had any
+connection with Anna. One out of every eight or ten girls was Annot in
+Yorkshire at a time when Anna is never found to be in use at all:
+
+    "Stephanus Webester, & Anota uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Richard Annotson, wryght, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+As Alianora and Eleanora are the same, so were Enot and Anot:
+
+    "Henricus filius Johannis Enotson, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Again, Eleanor became Elena, and this Lina and Linot. Hence in the Hundred
+Rolls we find "Linota atte Field." In fact, the early forms of Eleanor are
+innumerable. The favourite Sibilla became Sibot:
+
+    "Johannes de Estwode, et Sibota uxor ejus, iiii{d}.
+
+    "Willelmus Howeson, et Sibbota uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+Mary not merely became Marion, but Mariot, and from our surnames it would
+appear the latter was the favourite:
+
+    "Isabella serviens Mariota Gulle, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+    "Mariota in le Lane."--Hundred Rolls.
+
+Eve became Evot, Adam and Eve being popular names. In the will of William
+de Kirkby, dated 1391, are bequests to "Evae uxori Johannes Parvying" and
+"Willielmo de Rowlay," and later on he refers to them again as the
+aforementioned "Evotam et dictum Willielmum Rowlay" ("Test. Ebor.," i.
+145. Surtees Society).
+
+But the girl-name that made most mark was originally a boy's name,
+Theobald. Tibbe was the nick form, and Tibbot the pet name. Very speedily
+it became the property of the female sex, such entries as Tibot Fitz-piers
+ending in favour of Tibota Foliot. After the year 1300 Tib, or Tibet, is
+invariably feminine. In "Gammer Gurton's Needle," Gammer says to her
+maid--
+
+    "How now, Tib? quick! let's hear what news thou hast brought
+    hither."--Act. i. sc. 5.
+
+In "Ralph Roister Doister," the pet name is used in the song, evidently
+older than the play:
+
+          "Pipe, merry Annot, etc.,
+          Trilla, Trilla, Trillary.
+    Work, Tibet; work, Annot; work, Margery;
+    Sew, Tibet; knit, Annot; spin, Margery;
+    Let us see who will win the victory."
+
+Gib, from Gilbert, and Tib became the common name for a male and female
+cat. Scarcely any other terms were employed from 1350 to 1550:
+
+    "For right no more than Gibbe, our cat,
+    That awaiteth mice and rattes to killen,
+    Ne entend I but to beguilen."
+
+Hence both Tibet and Gibbet were also used for the same; as in the old
+phrase "flitter-gibbett," for one of wanton character. Tom in tom-cat came
+into ordinary parlance later. All our modern Tibbots, Tibbetts, Tibbitts,
+Tippitts, Tebbutts, and their endless other forms, are descended from
+Tibbe.
+
+Coming to boys' names, all our Wyatts in the Directory hail from
+Guiot,[10] the diminutive of Guy, just as Wilmot from William:
+
+    "Adam, son of Wyot, held an oxgang of land."--"De Lacy Inquisition."
+
+    "Ibbote Wylymot, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+_Payn_ is met in the form of Paynot and Paynet, _Warin_ as Warinot, _Drew_
+as Drewet, _Philip_ as Philpot, though this is feminine sometimes:
+
+    "Johannes Schikyn, et Philipot uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+_Thomas_ is found as Thomaset, _Higg_ (Isaac) as Higgot, _Jack_ as
+Jackett, _Hal_ (Henry) as Hallet (Harriot or Harriet is now feminine), and
+Hugh or Hew as Hewet:
+
+    "Dionisia Howet-doghter, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+The most interesting, perhaps, of these examples is Hamnet, or Hamlet.
+Hamon, or Hamond, was introduced from Normandy:
+
+    "Hamme, son of Adcock, held 29 acres of land."--"De Lacy Inquisition,"
+    1311.
+
+It became a favourite among high and low, and took to itself the forms of
+Hamonet and Hamelot:
+
+    "The wife of Richard, son of Hamelot."--"De Lacy Inquisition," 1311.
+
+These were quickly abbreviated into Hamnet and Hamlet. They ran side by
+side for several centuries, and at last, like Emmot, defied the English
+Bible, the Reformation, and even the Puritan period, and lived unto the
+eighteenth century. Hamlet Winstanley, the painter, was born in 1700, at
+Warrington, and died in 1756. In Kent's London Directory for 1736 several
+Hamnets occur as baptismal names. Shakespeare's little son was Hamnet, or
+Hamlet, after his godfather Hamnet Sadler. I find several instances where
+both forms are entered as the name of the same boy:
+
+    "Nov. 13, 1502. Item: the same day to Hamlet Clegge, for money by him
+    layed out ... to the keper of Dachet Ferrey in rewarde for conveying
+    the Quenes grace over Thamys there, iii{s}. iiii{d}."
+
+Compare this with--
+
+    "June 13, 1502. Item: the same day to Hampnet Clegge, for mone by him
+    delivered to the Quene for hir offring to Saint Edward at Westm.,
+    vi{s}. viii{d}."--"Privy Purse Expenses, Eliz. of York," pp. 21 and
+    62.
+
+Speaking of Hamelot, we must not forget that _ot_ and _et_ sometimes
+became _elot_ or _elet_. As a diminutive it is found in such dictionary
+words as bracelet, tartlet, gimblet, poplet (for poppet). The old ruff or
+high collar worn alike by men and women was styled a _partlet_:
+
+    "Jan. 1544. Item: from Mr. Braye ii. high collar partletts, iii{s}.
+    ix{d}."--"Privy Purse Expenses, Princess Mary."
+
+Hence partlet, a hen, on account of the ruffled feathers, a term used
+alike by Chaucer and Shakespeare.
+
+In our nomenclature we have but few traces of it. In France it was very
+commonly used. But Hughelot or Huelot, from Hugh, was popular, as our
+Hewletts can testify. Richelot for Richard, Hobelot and Robelot for
+Robert, Crestolot for Christopher, Cesselot for Cecilia, and Barbelot for
+Barbara, are found also, and prove that the desinence had made its mark.
+
+Returning, however, to _ot_ and _et_: Eliot or Elliot, from Ellis (Elias),
+had a great run. In the north it is sometimes found as Aliot:
+
+    "Alyott de Symondeston held half an oxgang of land, xix{d}."--"De Lacy
+    Inquisition," 1311.
+
+The feminine form was Elisot or Elicot, although this was used also for
+boys. The will of William de Aldeburgh, written in 1319, runs--
+
+    "Item: do et lego Elisotae domicellae meae 40{s}."--"Test. Ebor.," i.
+    151.
+
+The will of Patrick de Barton, administered in the same year, says--
+
+    "Item: lego Elisotae, uxori Ricardi Bustard unam vaccam, et
+    10{s}."--"Test. Ebor.," i. 155.
+
+    "Eliseus Carpenter, cartwyth, et Elesot uxor ejus, vi{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+As Ellis became Ellisot, so Ellice became Ellicot, whence the present
+surname. Bartholomew became Bartelot, now Bartlett, and from the pet form
+Toll, or Tolly, came Tollett and Tollitt.
+
+It is curious to notice why Emmot and Hamlet, or Hamnet, survived the
+crises that overwhelmed the others. Both became baptismal names in their
+own right. People forgot in course of time that they were diminutives of
+Emma and Hamond, and separated them from their parents. This did not come
+about till the close of Elizabeth's reign, so they have still the credit
+of having won a victory against terrible odds, the Hebrew army. Hamnet
+Shakespeare was so baptized. Hamon or Hamond would have been the regular
+form.
+
+Looking back, it is hard to realize that a custom equally affected by
+prince and peasant, as popular in country as town, as familiar in
+Yorkshire and Lancashire as in London and Winchester, should have been so
+completely uprooted, that ninety-nine out of the hundred are now unaware
+that it ever existed. This was unmistakably the result of some disturbing
+element of English social life. At the commencement of the sixteenth
+century there was no appearance of this confusion. In France the practice
+went on without let or hindrance. We can again but attribute it to the
+Reformation, and the English Bible, which swept away a large batch of the
+old names, and pronounced the new without addition or diminution. When
+some of the old names were restored, it was too late to fall back upon the
+familiarities that had been taken with them in the earlier period.
+
+
+(_e._) _Double Terminatives._
+
+In spite of the enormous popularity in England of _ot_ and _et_, they bear
+no proportion to the number in France. In England our _local_ surnames are
+two-fifths of the whole. In France _patronymic_ surnames are almost
+two-fifths of the whole. Terminatives in _on_ or _in_, and _ot_ and _et_,
+have done this. We in England only adopted double diminutives in two
+cases, those of _Colinet_ and _Robinet_, or _Dobinet_, and both were
+rarely used. Robinet has come down to us as a surname; and Dobinet so
+existed till the middle of the fifteenth century, for one John Dobynette
+is mentioned in an inventory of goods, 1463 (Mun. Acad. Oxon.). This
+Dobinet seems to have been somewhat familiarly used, for Dobinet Doughty
+is Ralph's servant in "Ralph Roister Doister." Matthew Merrygreek says--
+
+    "I know where she is: Dobinet hath wrought some wile.
+      _Tibet Talkapace._ He brought a ring and token, which he said was
+          sent
+    From our dame's husband."--Act. iii. sc. 2.
+
+Colin is turned into Colinet in Spenser's "Shepherd's Calendar," where
+Colin beseeches Pan:
+
+    "Hearken awhile from thy green cabinet,
+    The laurel song of careful Colinet?"
+
+Jannet is found as Janniting (Jannetin) once on English soil, for in the
+"London Chanticleers," a comedy written about 1636, Janniting is the
+apple-wench. _Welcome_ says--
+
+    "Who are they which they're enamoured so with?
+
+    _Bung._ The one's Nancy Curds, and the other Hanna Jenniting: Ditty
+    and Jenniting are agreed already ... the wedding will be kept at our
+    house."--Scene xiii.
+
+But the use of double diminutives was of every-day practice in Normandy
+and France, and increased their total greatly. I take at random the
+following _surnames_ (originally, of course, christian names) from the
+Paris Directory:--Margotin, Marioton, Lambinet (Lambert), Perrinot,
+Perrotin, Philiponet, Jannotin, Hugonet, Huguenin, Jacquinot, and
+Fauconnet (English Fulke). Huguenin (little wee Hugh) repeats the same
+diminutive; Perrinot and Perrotin (little wee Peter) simply reverse the
+order of the two diminutives. The "marionettes" in the puppet-show take
+the same liberty with Mariotin (little wee Mary) above mentioned. Hugonet,
+of course, is the same as Huguenot; and had English, not to say French,
+writers remembered this old custom, they would have found no difficulty in
+reducing the origin of the religious sect of that name to an _individual_
+as a starting-point. _Guillotin_ (little wee William) belongs to the same
+class, and descended from a baptismal name to become the surname of the
+famous doctor who invented the deadly machine that bears his title. I have
+discovered one instance of this as a baptismal name, viz. Gillotyne
+Hansake ("Wars of English in France: Henry VI.," vol. ii. p. 531).
+
+Returning to England, we find these pet forms in use well up to the
+Reformation:
+
+    "Nov., 1543. Item: geven to Fylpot, my Lady of Suffolk's lackaye,
+    vii{s}. vi{d}.
+
+    "June, 1537. Item: payed to Typkyn for cherys, xx{d}."--"Privy Purse
+    Expenses, Princess Mary."
+
+    "1548, July 22. Alson, d. of Jenkin Rowse."--St. Columb Major.
+
+    "1545, Oct. 3. Baptized Alison, d. of John James."--Ditto.[11]
+
+"Ralph Roister Doister," written not earlier than 1545, and not later than
+1550, by Nicholas Udall, contains three characters styled Annot Alyface,
+Tibet Talkapace, and Dobinet Doughty. Christian Custance, Sim Suresby,
+Madge Mumblecheek, and Gawyn Goodluck are other characters, all well-known
+contemporary names.
+
+In "Thersites," an interlude written in 1537, there is mention of
+
+    "_Simkin_ Sydnam, Sumnor,
+    That killed a cat at Cumnor."
+
+_Jenkin_ Jacon is introduced, also _Robin_ Rover. In a book entitled
+"Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic" (Henry VIII.), we find a
+document (numbered 1939, and dated 1526) containing a list of the
+household attendants and retinue of the king. Even here, although so
+formal a record, there occurs the name of "Hamynet Harrington, gentleman
+usher."
+
+We may assert with the utmost certainty that, on the eve of the Hebrew
+invasion, there was not a baptismal name in England of average popularity
+that had not attached to it in _daily converse_ one or other of these
+diminutives--_kin_, _cock_, _in_, _on_, _ot_, and _et_; not a name, too,
+that, before it had thus attached them, had not been shorn of all its
+fulness, and curtailed to a monosyllabic nick form. Bartholomew must
+first become Bat before it becomes Batcock, Peter must become Pierre
+before Perrot can be formed, Nicholas must be abbreviated to Col or Cole
+before Col or Cole can be styled Colin, and Thomas must be reduced to Tom
+before Tomkin can make his appearance.
+
+Several names had attached to themselves all these enclytics. For
+instance, Peter is met with, up to the crisis we are about to consider, in
+the several shapes of Perkin or Parkin, Peacock, Perrot, and Perrin; and
+William as Willin (now Willing and Willan in our directories), Wilcock,
+Wilkin, and Wilmot, was familiar to every district in the country.
+
+
+III. SCRIPTURE NAMES ALREADY IN USE AT THE REFORMATION.
+
+It now remains simply to consider the state of nomenclature in England at
+the eve of the Reformation in relation to the Bible. _Four_ classes may be
+mentioned.
+
+
+(_a._) _Mystery Names._
+
+The leading incidents of Bible narrative were familiarized to the English
+lower orders by the performance of sacred plays, or mysteries, rendered
+under the supervision of the Church. To these plays we owe the early
+popularity of Adam and Eve, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Sara,
+Daniel, Sampson, Susanna, Judith, Hanna or Anna, and Hester. But the
+Apocryphal names were not frequently used till about 1500. Scarcely any
+diminutives are found of them. On the other hand, Adam became Adcock and
+Adkin; Eve, Evott and Evett; Isaac, Hickin, and Higgin, and Higgot, and
+Higget; Joseph, Joskin; and Daniel, Dankin and Dannet.
+
+
+(_b._) _Crusade Names._
+
+The Crusaders gave us several prominent names. To them we are indebted for
+_Baptist_, _Ellis_, and _Jordan_: and _John_ received a great stimulus.
+The sacred water brought in the leathern bottle was used for baptismal
+purposes. The Jordan commemorated John the Baptist, the second Elias, the
+forerunner and baptizer of Jesus Christ. Children were styled by these
+incidents. _Jordan_ became popular through Western Europe. In England he
+gave us, as already observed, Judd, Judkin, Judson, Jordan, and Jordanson.
+Elias, as Ellis, took about the eighth place of frequency, and John, for a
+while, the first.
+
+
+(_c._) _The Saints' Calendar._
+
+The legends of the saints were carefully taught by the priesthood, and the
+day as religiously observed. All children born on these holy days received
+the name of the saint commemorated: St. James's Day, or St. Nicholas's
+Day, or St. Thomas's Day, saw a small batch of Jameses, Nicholases, and
+Thomases received into the fold of the Church. In other cases the gossip
+had some favourite saint, and placed the child under his or her
+protection. Of course, it bore the patron's name. A large number of these
+hagiological names were extra-Biblical--such as Cecilia, Catharine, or
+Theobald. Of these I make no mention here. All the Apostles, save Judas,
+became household names, John, Simon, Peter, Bartholomew, Matthew, James,
+Thomas, and Philip being the favourites. Paul and Timothy were also
+utilized, the former being always found as Pol.
+
+
+(_d._) _Festival Names._
+
+If a child was born at Whitsuntide or Easter, Christmas or Epiphany, like
+Robinson Crusoe's man Friday, or Thursday October Christian of the
+Pitcairn islanders, he received the name of the day. Hence our once
+familiar names of Noel or Nowell, Pask or Pascal, Easter, Pentecost, and
+Epiphany or Tiffany.
+
+It will be observed that all these imply no direct or personal
+acquaintance with the Scriptures. All came through the Church. All, too,
+were in the full tide of prosperity--with the single exception of Jordan,
+which was nearly obsolete--when the Bible, printed into English and set up
+in our churches, became an institution. The immediate result was that the
+old Scripture names of Bartholomew, Peter, Philip, and Nicholas received a
+blow much deadlier than that received by such Teutonic names as Robert,
+Richard, Roger, and Ralph. But that will be brought out as we progress.
+
+The subject of the influence of an English Bible upon English nomenclature
+is not uninteresting. It may be said of the "Vulgar Tongue" Bible that it
+revolutionized our nomenclature within the space of forty years, or little
+over a generation. No such crisis, surely, ever visited a nation's
+register before, nor can such possibly happen again. Every home felt the
+effect. It was like the massacre of the innocents in Egyptian days: "There
+was not one house where there was not one dead." But in Pharoah's day they
+did not replace the dead with the living. At the Reformation such a locust
+army of new names burst upon the land that we may well style it the Hebrew
+Invasion.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+THE HEBREW INVASION.
+
+    "With what face can they object to the king the bringing in of
+    forraigners, when themselves entertaine such an army of Hebrewes?"
+    _The Character of a London Diurnall_ (Dec. 1644).
+
+    "Albeit in our late Reformation some of good consideration have
+    brought in Zachary, Malachy, Josias, etc., as better agreeing with our
+    faith, but without contempt of Country names (as I hope) which have
+    both good and gracious significations, as shall appeare
+    hereafter."--CAMDEN, _Remaines_. 1614.
+
+
+I. _The March of the Army._
+
+The strongest impress of the English Reformation to-day is to be seen in
+our font-names. The majority date from 1560, the year when the Genevan
+Bible was published. This version ran through unnumbered editions, and for
+sixty, if not seventy, years was the household Bible of the nation. The
+Genevan Bible was not only written in the vulgar tongue, but was printed
+for vulgar hands. A moderate quarto was its size; all preceding versions,
+such as Coverdale's, Matthew's, and of course the Great Bible, being the
+ponderous folio, specimens of which the reader will at some time or other
+have seen. The Genevan Bible, too, was the Puritan's Bible, and was none
+the less admired by him on account of its Calvinistic annotations.
+
+But although the rage for Bible names dates from the decade 1560-1570,
+which decade marks the rise of Puritanism, there had been symptoms of the
+coming revolution as early as 1543. Richard Hilles, one of the Reformers,
+despatching a letter from Strasburg, November 15, 1543, writes:
+
+    "My wife says she has no doubt but that God helped her the sooner in
+    her confinement by reason of your good prayers. On the second of this
+    month she brought forth to the Church of Christ a son, who, as the
+    women say, is quite large enough for a mother of tall stature, and
+    whom I immediately named _Gershom_."--"Original Letters," 1537-1558,
+    No. cxii. Parker Society.
+
+We take up our Bibles, and find that of Zipporah it is said--
+
+    "And she bare him (Moses) a son, and he called his name Gershom: for
+    he said, _I have been a stranger in a strange land_."--Exod. ii. 22.
+
+The margin says, "a desolate stranger." At this time Moses was fled from
+Pharaoh, who would kill him. The parallel to Richard Hilles's mind was
+complete. This was in 1643.[12]
+
+In Mr. Tennyson's drama "Mary," we have the following scene between
+Gardiner and a yokel:
+
+      "_Gardiner._         I distrust thee,
+    There is a half voice, and a lean assent:
+    What is thy name?
+      _Man._      Sanders!
+      _Gardiner._           What else?
+      _Man._                            Zerrubabel."
+
+The Laureate was right to select for this rebellious Protestant a name
+that was to be popular throughout Elizabeth's reign; but poetic license
+runs rather far in giving this title to a _full-grown man_ in any year of
+Mary's rule. Sanders might have had a young child at home so styled, but
+for himself it was practically impossible. So clearly defined is the
+epoch that saw, if not one batch of names go out, at least a new batch
+come in. Equally marked are the names from the Bible which at this date
+were in use, and those which were not. Of this latter category Zerrubabel
+was one.
+
+In the single quotation from Hilles's letter of 1543 we see the origin of
+the great Hebrew invasion explained. The English Bible had become a fact,
+and the knowledge of its personages and narratives was becoming _directly_
+acquired. In every community up and down the country it was as if a fresh
+spring of clear water had been found, and every neighbour could come with
+jug or pail, and fill it when and how they would. One of the first
+impressions made seems to have been this: children in the olden time
+received as a name a term that was immediately significant of the
+circumstances of their birth. Often God personally, through His prophets
+or angelic messenger, acted as godparent indeed, and gave the name, as in
+Isaiah viii. 1, 3, 4:
+
+    "Moreover the Lord said unto me, Take thee a great roll, and write in
+    it with a man's pen concerning Maher-shalal-hash-baz.
+
+    "And I went unto the prophetess; and she conceived, and bare a son.
+    Then said the Lord to me, Call his name Maher-shalal-hash-baz.
+
+    "For before the child shall have knowledge to cry, My father, and my
+    mother, the riches of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria shall be taken
+    away before the king of Assyria."
+
+Here was a name palpably significant. Even before they knew its exact
+meaning the name was enrolled in English church registers, and by-and-by
+zealot Puritans employed it as applicable to English Church politics.
+
+All the patriarchs, down to the twelve sons of Jacob, had names of direct
+significance given them. Above all, a peculiar emphasis was laid upon all
+the titles of Jesus Christ, as in Isaiah vii. 14:
+
+    "Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his
+    name Immanuel."
+
+At the same time that this new revelation came, a crisis was going on of
+religion. The old Romish Church was being uprooted, or, rather, a new
+system was being grafted upon its stock, for the links have never been
+broken. The saints were shortly to be tabooed by the large mass of English
+folk; the festivals were already at a discount. Simultaneously with the
+prejudice against the very names of their saints and saintly festivals,
+arose the discovery of a mine of new names as novel as it was
+unexhaustible. They not merely met the new religious instinct, but
+supplied what would have been a very serious vacuum.
+
+But we must at once draw a line between the Reformation and Puritanism.
+Previous to the Reformation, so far as the Church was concerned, there had
+been to a certain extent a _system_ of nomenclature. The Reformation
+abrogated that system, but did not intentionally adopt a new one.
+Puritanism deliberately supplied a well-weighed and revised scheme, beyond
+which no adopted child of God must dare to trespass. Previous to the
+Reformation, the priest, with the assent of the gossip, gave the babe the
+name of the saint who was to be its patron, or on whose day the birth or
+baptism occurred. If the saint was a male, and the infant a female, the
+difficulty was overcome by giving the name a feminine form. Thus Theobald
+become Theobalda; and hence Tib and Tibot became so common among girls,
+that finally they ceased to represent boys at all. If it were one of the
+great holy days, the day or season itself furnished the name. Thus it was
+Simon, or Nicholas, or Cecilia, or Austen, or Pentecost, or Ursula, or
+Dorothy, became so familiar. From the reign of Elizabeth the clergy, and
+Englishmen generally, gave up this practice. Saints who could not boast
+apostolic honours were rejected, and holy men of lesser prestige, together
+with a large batch of virgins and martyrs of the Agnes, Catharine, and
+Ursula type, who belonged to Church history, received but scant
+attention. As a matter of course their names lapsed. But the nation stood
+by the old English names not thus popishly tainted. Against Geoffrey,
+Richard, Robert, and William, they had no prejudice: nay, they clung to
+them. The Puritan rejected both classes. He was ever trotting out his two
+big "P's,"--Pagan and Popish. Under the first he placed every name that
+could not be found in the Scriptures, and under the latter every title in
+the same Scriptures, and the Church system founded on them, that had been
+employed previous, say, to the coronation day of Edward VI. Of this there
+is the clearest proof. In a "Directory of Church Government," found among
+the papers of Cartwright, and written as early as 1565, there is the
+following order regarding and regulating baptism:--
+
+    "They which present unto baptism, ought to be persuaded not to give
+    those that are baptized the names of God, or of Christ, or of angels,
+    or of holy offices, as of baptist, evangelist, etc., nor such as
+    savour of paganism or popery: but chiefly such whereof there are
+    examples, in the Holy Scriptures, in the names of those who are
+    reported in them to have been godly and virtuous."--Neale, vol. v.
+    Appendix, p. 15.
+
+Nothing can be more precise than this. To the strict Puritan to reject the
+Richards, Mileses, and Henrys of the Teutonic, and the Bartholomews,
+Simons, Peters, and Nicholases of the ecclesiastic class, was to remove
+the Canaanite out of the land.
+
+How early this "article of religion" was obeyed, one or two quotations
+will show. Take the first four baptismal entries in the Canterbury
+Cathedral register:
+
+    "1564, Dec. 3. Abdias, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.
+
+    "1567, April 26. Barnabas, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.
+
+    "1569, June 1. Ezeckiell, the sonne of Robert Pownoll.
+
+    "1572, Feb. 10. Posthumus, the sonne of Robert Pownoll."
+
+Another son seems to have been Philemon:
+
+    "1623, April 27. John, the sonne of Philemon Pownoll."
+
+A daughter "Repentance" must be added:
+
+    "1583, Dec. 8. Married William Arnolde and Repentance Pownoll."
+
+Take another instance, a little later, from the baptisms of St. Peter's,
+Cornhill:
+
+    "1589, Nov. 2. Bezaleell, sonne of Michaell Nichollson, cordwayner.
+
+    "1599, Sep. 23. Aholiab, sonne of Michaell Nicholson, cordwainer.
+
+    "1595, May 18. Sara, daughter of Michaell Nichollson, cobler.
+
+    "1599, Nov. 1. Buried Rebecca, daughter of Michaell Nicholson,
+    cordwainer, 13 yeares."
+
+Rebecca, therefore, would be baptized in 1586. Sara and Aholiab died of
+the plague in 1603. Both old Robert Pownoll and the cobler must have been
+Puritans of a pronounced type.
+
+The Presbyterian clergy were careful to set an example of right
+name-giving:
+
+    "1613, July 28. Baptized Jaell, daughter of Roger Mainwaring,
+    preacher."--St. Helen, Bishopsgate.
+
+    "1617, Jan. 25. Baptized Ezekyell, sonne of Mr. Richard Culverwell,
+    minister."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1582, ----. Buried Zachary, sonne of Thomas Newton,
+    minister."--Barking, Essex.
+
+A still more interesting proof comes from Northampton. As an example of
+bigotry it is truly marvellous. On July 16, 1590, Archbishop Whitgift
+furnished the Lord Treasurer with the following, amongst many articles
+against Edmond Snape, curate of St. Peter's, in that town:
+
+    "Item: Christopher Hodgekinson obteyned a promise of the said Snape
+    that he would baptize his child; but Snape added, saying, 'You must
+    then give it a christian name allowed in the Scriptures.' Then
+    Hodgekinson told him that his wife's father, whose name was Richard,
+    desired to have the giving of that name."
+
+At the time of service Snape proceeded till they came to the place of
+naming: they said "Richard;"
+
+    "But hearing them calling it Richard, and that they would not give it
+    any other name, he stayed there, and would not in any case baptize the
+    child. And so it was carried away thence, and was baptized the week
+    following at Allhallows Churche, and called Richard."--Strype's
+    "Whitgift," ii. 9.
+
+This may be an extreme case, but I doubt not the majority of the
+Presbyterian clergy did their best to uproot the old English names, so far
+as their power of persuasion could go.
+
+Even the pulpit was used in behalf of the new doctrine. William Jenkin,
+the afterwards ejected minister, in his "Expositions of Jude," delivered
+in Christ Church, London, said, while commenting on the first verse, "Our
+baptismal names ought to be such as may prove remembrances of duty." He
+then instances Leah, Alpheus, and Hannah as aware of parental obligations
+in this respect, and adds--
+
+    "'Tis good to impose such names as expresse our baptismal promise. A
+    good name is as a thread tyed about the finger, to make us mindful of
+    the errand we came into the world to do for our Master."--Edition
+    1652, p. 7.
+
+As a general rule, the New Testament names spread the most rapidly,
+especially girl-names of the Priscilla, Dorcas, Tabitha, and Martha type.
+They were the property of the Reformation. Damaris bothered the clerks
+much, and is found indifferently as Tamaris, Damris, Dammeris, Dampris,
+and Dameris. By James I.'s day it had become a fashionable name:
+
+    "1617, April 13. Christened Damaris, d. of Doctor Masters.
+
+    "----, May 29. Christened Damaris, d. of Doctor Kingsley."--Canterbury
+    Cathedral.
+
+Martha, which sprang into instant popularity, is registered at the outset:
+
+    "1563, July 25. Christened Martha Wattam."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Phebe had a great run. The first I have seen is--
+
+    "1568, Oct. 24. Christened Phebe, d. of Harry Cut."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+Dorcas was, perhaps, the prime favourite, often styled and entered Darcas.
+Every register has it, and every page. A political ballad says--
+
+    "Come, Dorcas and Cloe,
+    With Lois and Zoe,
+      Young Lettice, and Beterice, and Jane;
+    Phill, Dorothy, Maud,
+    Come troop it abroad,
+      For now is our time to reign."
+
+Persis, Tryphena, and Tryphosa were also largely used. The earliest Persis
+I know is--
+
+    "1579, Maye 3. Christened Persis, d. of William Hopkinson, minister
+    heare."--Salehurst.
+
+Some of these names--as, for instance, Priscilla, Damaris, Dorcas, and
+Phebe--stood in James's reign almost at the head of girls' names in
+England. Indeed, alike in London and the provinces, the list of girl-names
+at Elizabeth's death was a perfect contrast to that when she ascended the
+throne. Then the great national names of Isabella, Matilda, Emma, and
+Cecilia ruled supreme. Then the four heroines Anna, Judith, Susan, and
+Hester, one or two of whom were in the Apocryphal narrative, had stamped
+themselves on our registers in what appeared indelible lines, although
+they were of much more recent popularity than the others. They lost
+prestige, but did not die out. Many Puritans had a sneaking fondness for
+them, finding in their histories a parallel to their own troubles, and
+perchance they had a private and more godly rendering of the popular
+ballad of their day:
+
+    "In Ninivie old Toby dwelt,
+      An aged man, and blind was he:
+    And much affliction he had felt,
+      Which brought him unto poverty:
+    He had by Anna, his true wife,
+      One only sonne, and eke no more."
+
+Esther[13] is still popular in our villages, so is Susan. Hannah has her
+admirers, and only Judith may be said to be forgotten. But their glory was
+from 1450 to 1550. After that they became secondary personages. Throughout
+the south of England, especially in the counties that surrounded London,
+the Bible had been ransacked from nook to corner. The zealots early dived
+into the innermost recesses of Scripture. They made themselves as familiar
+with chapters devoted solely to genealogical tables, as to those which
+they quoted to defend their doctrinal creed. The eighth chapter of Romans
+was not more studied by them than the thirty-sixth of Genesis, and the
+dukes of Edom classified in the one were laid under frequent contribution
+to witness to the adoption treated of in the other. Thus names unheard of
+in 1558 were "household words" in 1603.
+
+The slowest to take up the new custom were the northern counties. They
+were out of the current; and Lancashire, besides being inaccessible, had
+stuck to the old faith. Names lingered on in the Palatinate that had been
+dead nearly a hundred years in the south. Gawin figures in all northern
+registers till a century ago, and Thurston[14] was yet popular in the
+Fylde district, when it had become forgotten in the Fens. Scotland was
+never touched at all. The General Assembly of 1645 makes no hint on the
+subject, although it dwelt on nearly every other topic. Nothing
+demonstrates the clannish feeling of North Britain as this does. At this
+moment Scotland has scarcely any Bible names.
+
+In Yorkshire, however, Puritanism made early stand, though its effects on
+nomenclature were not immediately visible. It was like the fire that
+smoulders among the underwood before it catches flame; it spreads the more
+rapidly afterwards. The Genevan Bible crept into the dales and farmsteads,
+and their own primitive life seemed to be but reflected in its pages. The
+patriarchs lived as graziers, and so did they. There was a good deal about
+sheep and kine in its chapters, and their own lives were spent among the
+milk-pails and wool shears. The women of the Old Testament baked cakes,
+and knew what good butter was. So did the dales' folk. By slow degrees
+Cecilia, Isabella, and Emma lapsed from their pedestal, and the little
+babes were turned into Sarahs, Rebeccas, and Deborahs. As the seventeenth
+century progressed the state of things became still more changed. There
+had been villages in Sussex and Kent previous to Elizabeth's death, where
+the Presbyterian rector, by his personal influence at the time of baptism,
+had turned the new generation into a Hebrew colony. The same thing
+occurred in Yorkshire only half a century later. As nonconformity gained
+ground, Guy, and Miles, and Peter, and Philip became forgotten. The lads
+were no sooner ushered into existence than they were transformed into
+duplicates of Joel, and Amos, and Obediah. The measles still ran through
+the family, but it was Phineas and Caleb, not Robert and Roger, that
+underwent the infliction. Chosen leaders of Israel passed through the
+critical stages of teething. As for the twelve sons of Jacob, they could
+all have answered to their names in the dames' schools, through their
+little apple-cheeked representatives, who lined the rude benches. On the
+village green, every prophet from Isaiah to Malachi might be seen of an
+evening playing leap-frog: unless, indeed, Zephaniah was stealing apples
+in the garth.
+
+From Yorkshire, about the close of the seventeenth century, the rage for
+Scripture names passed into Lancashire. Nonconformity was making progress;
+the new industries were already turning villages into small centres of
+population, and the Church of England not providing for the increase,
+chapels were built. If we look over the pages of the directories of West
+Yorkshire and East Lancashire, and strike out the surnames, we could
+imagine we were consulting anciently inscribed registers of Joppa or
+Jericho. It would seem as if Canaan and the West Riding had got
+inextricably mixed.
+
+What a spectacle meets our eye! Within the limits of ten leaves we have
+three Pharoahs, while as many Hephzibahs are to be found on one single
+page. Adah and Zillah Pickles, sisters, are milliners. Jehoiada Rhodes
+makes saws--not Solomon's sort--and Hariph Crawshaw keeps a farm. Vashni,
+from somewhere in the Chronicles, is rescued from oblivion by Vashni
+Wilkinson, coal merchant, who very likely goes to Barzillai Williamson, on
+the same page, for his joints, Barzillai being a butcher. Jachin, known to
+but a few as situated in the Book of Kings, is in the person of Jachin
+Firth, a beer retailer, familiar to all his neighbours. Heber Holdsworth
+on one page is faced by Er Illingworth on the other. Asa and Joab are
+extremely popular, while Abner, Adna, Ashael, Erastus, Eunice, Benaiah,
+Aquila, Elihu, and Philemon enjoy a fair amount of patronage. Shadrach,
+Meshach, and Abednego, having been rescued from Chaldaean fire, have been
+deluged with baptismal water. How curious it is to contemplate such
+entries as Lemuel Wilson, Kelita Wilkinson, Shelah Haggas, Shadrach
+Newbold, Neriah Pearce, Jeduthan Jempson, Azariah Griffiths, Naphtali
+Matson, Philemon Jakes, Hameth Fell, Eleph Bisat, Malachi Ford, or Shallum
+Richardson. As to other parts of the Scriptures, I have lighted upon name
+after name that I did not know existed in the Bible at all till I looked
+into the Lancashire and Yorkshire directories.
+
+The Bible has decided the nomenclature of the north of England. In towns
+like Oldham, Bolton, Ashton, and Blackburn, the clergyman's baptismal
+register is but a record of Bible names. A clerical friend of mine
+christened twins Cain and Abel, only the other day, much against his own
+wishes. Another parson on the Derbyshire border was gravely informed, at
+the proper moment, that the name of baptism was Ramoth-Gilead. "Boy or
+girl, eh?" he asked in a somewhat agitated voice. The parents had opened
+the Bible hap-hazard, according to the village tradition, and selected the
+first name the eye fell on. It was but a year ago a little child was
+christened Tellno in a town within six miles of Manchester, at the
+suggestion of a cotton-spinner, the father, a workman of the name of Lees,
+having asked his advice. "I suppose it must be a Scripture name," said his
+master. "Oh yes! that's of course." "Suppose you choose _Tellno_," said
+his employer. "That'll do," replied the other, who had never heard it
+before, and liked it the better on that account. The child is now Tell-no
+Lees, the father, too late, finding that he had been hoaxed.[15] "_Sirs_,"
+was the answer given to a bewildered curate, after the usual demand to
+name the child. He objected, but was informed that it was a Scripture
+name, and the verse "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" was triumphantly
+appealed to. This reminds one of the Puritan who styled his dog
+"_Moreover_" after the dog in the Gospel: "_Moreover_ the dog came and
+licked his sores."
+
+There is, again, a story of a clergyman making the customary demand as to
+name from a knot of women round the font. "Ax her," said one. Turning to
+the woman who appeared to be indicated, he again asked, "What name?" "Ax
+her," she replied. The third woman, being questioned, gave the same reply.
+At last he discovered the name to be the Scriptural Achsah, Caleb's
+daughter--a name, by the way, which was somewhat popular with our
+forefathers. No wonder this mistake arose, when Achsah used to be entered
+in some such manner as this:
+
+    "1743-4, Jan. 3. Baptized Axar Starrs (a woman of ripe years), of
+    Stockport.
+
+    "1743-4, Jan. 3. Married Warren Davenport, of Stockport, Esq., and
+    Axar Starrs, aforesaid, spinster."--Marple, Cheshire.
+
+Axar's father was Caleb Starrs. The scriptural relationship was thus
+preserved. Achsah crossed the Atlantic with the Pilgrim Fathers, and has
+prospered there ever since. It is still popular in Devonshire and the
+south-west of England. All these stories serve to show the quarry whence
+modern names are hewn.
+
+I have mentioned the north because I have studied its Post-Office
+Directories carefully. But if any one will visit the shires of Dorset, and
+Devon, and Hampshire, he will find the same result. The Hebrew has won the
+day. Just as in England, north of Trent, we can still measure off the
+ravages of the Dane by striking a line through all local names lying
+westward ending in "by," so we have but to count up the baptismal names of
+the peasantry of these southern counties to see that they have become the
+bondsmen of an Eastern despot. In fact, go where and when we will from the
+reign of Elizabeth, we find the same influence at work. Take a few places
+and people at random.
+
+Looking at our testamentary records, we find the will of Kerenhappuch
+Benett proved in 1762, while Kerenhappuch Horrocks figures in the
+Manchester Directory for 1877. Onesiphorus Luffe appears on a halfpenny
+token of 1666; Habakkuk Leyman, 1650; Euodias Inman, 1650; Melchisedek
+Fritter, 1650; Elnathan Brock, 1654; and Abdiah Martin, 1664 ("Tokens of
+Seventeenth Century"). Shallum Stent was married in 1681 (Racton,
+Sussex); Gershom Baylie was constable of Lewes in 1619, Araunah Verrall
+fulfilling the same office in 1784. Captain Epenetus Crosse presented a
+petition to Privy Council in 1660 (C. S. P. Colonial); Erastus Johnson was
+defendant in 1724, and Cressens Boote twenty years earlier. Barjonah Dove
+was Vicar of Croxton in 1694. Tryphena Monger was buried in Putney
+Churchyard in 1702, and Tryphosa Saunders at St. Peter's, Worcester, in
+1770. Mahaliel Payne, Azarias Phesant, and Pelatiah Barnard are recorded
+in State Papers, 1650-1663 (C. S. P.), and Aminadab Henley was dwelling in
+Kent in 1640 ("Proceedings in Kent." Camden Society). Shadrack Pride is a
+collector of hearth-money in 1699, and Gamaliel Chase is communicated with
+in 1635 (C. S. P.). Onesiphorus Albin proposes a better plan of collecting
+the alien duty in 1692 (C. S. P.), while Mordecai Abbott is appointed
+deputy-paymaster of the forces in 1697 (C. S. P.). Eliakim Palmer is
+married at Somerset House Chapel in 1740; Dalilah White is buried at
+Cowley in 1791, and Keziah Simmons is christened there in 1850. Selah
+Collins is baptized at Dyrham, Gloucestershire, in 1752, and Keturah Jones
+is interred at Clifton in 1778. Eli-lama-Sabachthani Pressnail was
+existing in 1862 (_Notes and Queries_), and the _Times_ recorded a
+Talitha-Cumi People about the same time. The will of Mahershalalhashbaz
+Christmas was proved not very long ago. Mrs. Mahershalalhashbaz Bradford
+was dwelling in Ringwood, Hampshire, in 1863; and on January 31, 1802, the
+register of Beccles Church received the entry, "Mahershalalhashbaz, son of
+Henry and Sarah Clarke, baptized," the same being followed, October 14,
+1804, by the baptismal entry of "Zaphnaphpaaneah," another son of the same
+couple. A grant of administration in the estate of Acts-Apostles Pegden
+was made in 1865. His four brothers, older than himself, were of course
+the four Evangelists, and had there been a sixth I dare say his name would
+have been "Romans." An older member of this family, many years one of the
+kennel-keepers of Tickham fox-hounds, was Pontius Pilate Pegden. At a
+confirmation at Faversham in 1847, the incumbent of Dunkirk presented to
+the amazed archbishop a boy named "Acts-Apostles." These are, of course,
+mere eccentricities, but eccentricities follow a beaten path, and have
+their use in calculations of the nature we are considering. Eccentricities
+in dress are proverbially but exaggerations of the prevailing fashion.
+
+
+II. POPULARITY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT.
+
+The affection felt by the Puritans for the Old Testament has been observed
+by all writers upon the period, and of the period. Cleveland's remark,
+quoted by Hume, is, of course, an exaggeration.
+
+    "Cromwell," he says, "hath beat up his drums cleane through the Old
+    Testament--you may learne the genealogy of our Saviour by the names in
+    his regiment. The muster-master uses no other list than the first
+    chapter of Matthew."
+
+Lord Macaulay puts it much more faithfully in his first chapter, speaking,
+too, of an earlier period than the Commonwealth:
+
+    "In such a history (_i.e._ Old Testament) it was not difficult for
+    fierce and gloomy spirits to find much that might be distorted to suit
+    their wishes. The extreme Puritans, therefore, began to feel for the
+    Old Testament a preference which, perhaps, they did not distinctly
+    avow even to themselves, but which showed itself in all their
+    sentiments and habits. They paid to the Hebrew language a respect
+    which they refused to that tongue in which the discourses of Jesus and
+    the Epistles of Paul have come down to us. They baptized their
+    children by the names, not of Christian saints, but of Hebrew
+    patriarchs and warriors."
+
+The Presbyterian clergy had another objection to the New Testament names.
+The possessors were all saints, and in the saints' calendar. The apostolic
+title was as a red rag to his blood-shot eye.
+
+    "Upon Saint Peter, Paul, John, Jude, and James,
+    They will not put the 'saint' unto their names,"
+
+says the Water-poet in execrable verse. Its _local_ use was still more
+trying, as no man could pass through a single quarter of London without
+seeing half a dozen churches, or lanes, or taverns dedicated to Saint
+somebody or other.
+
+    "Others to make all things recant
+    The christian and surname of saint,
+    Would force all churches, streets, and towns
+    The holy title to renounce."
+
+To avoid any saintly taint, the Puritan avoided the saints themselves.
+
+But the discontented party in the Church had, as Macaulay says, a decided
+hankering after the Old Testament on other grounds than this. They paid
+the Hebrew language an almost superstitious reverence.[16] Ananias, the
+deacon, in the "Alchemist," published in 1610, says--
+
+    "Heathen Greek, I take it.
+      _Subtle._             How! heathen Greek?
+      _Ananias._ All's heathen but the Hebrew."[17]
+
+Bishop Corbet, in his "Distracted Puritan," has a lance to point at the
+same weakness:
+
+    "In the holy tongue of Canaan
+    I placed my chiefest pleasure,
+        Till I pricked my foot
+        With an Hebrew root,
+    That I bled beyond all measure."
+
+In the "City Match," written by Mayne in 1639, Bannsright says--
+
+                                    "Mistress Dorcas,
+    If you'll be usher to that holy, learned woman,
+    That can heal broken shins, scald heads, and th' itch,
+    Your schoolmistress: that can expound, and teaches
+    To knit in Chaldee, and work Hebrew samplers,
+    I'll help you back again."
+
+The Puritan was ever nicknamed after some Old Testament worthy. I could
+quote many instances, but let two from the author of the "London Diurnall"
+suffice. Addressing Prince Rupert, he says--
+
+    "Let the zeal-twanging nose, that wants a ridge,
+    Snuffling devoutly, drop his silver bridge:
+    Yes, and the gossip's spoon augment the summe,
+    Altho' poor _Caleb_ lose his christendome."
+
+More racy is his attack on Pembroke, as a member of the Mixed Assembly:
+
+    "Forbeare, good Pembroke, be not over-daring:
+    Such company may chance to spoil thy swearing;
+    And these drum-major oaths of bulk unruly
+    May dwindle to a feeble 'by my truly.'
+    He that the noble Percy's blood inherits,
+    Will he strike up a Hotspur of the spirits?
+    He'll fright the _Obediahs_ out of tune,
+    With his uncircumcis-ed Algernoon:
+    A name so stubborne, 'tis not to be scanned
+    By him in Gath with the six fingered hand."
+
+If a Bible quotation was put into the zealot's mouth, his cynical foe took
+care that it should come from the older Scriptures. In George Chapman's
+"An Humorous Day's Work," after Lemot has suggested a "full test of
+experiment" to prove her virtue, Florilla the Puritan cries--
+
+    "O husband, this is perfect trial indeed."
+
+To which the gruff Labervele replies--
+
+    "And you will try all this now, will you not?
+
+    _Florilla._ Yes, my good head: for it is written, we must pass to
+    perfection through all temptation: Abacuk the fourth.
+
+    _Labervele._ Abacuk! cuck me no cucks: in a-doors, I say: thieves,
+    Puritans, murderers! in a-doors, I say!"
+
+In the same facetious strain, Taylor, the Water-poet, addresses a child
+thus:
+
+    "To learne thy duty reade no more than this:
+    Paul's nineteenth chapter unto Genesis."
+
+This certainly tallies with the charge in "Hudibras," that they
+
+    "Corrupted the Old Testament
+    To serve the New as precedent."
+
+This affection for the older Scriptures had its effect upon our
+nomenclature. No book, no story, especially if gloomy in its outline and
+melancholy in its issues, escaped the more morbid Puritan's notice. Every
+minister of the Lord's vengeance, every stern witness against natural
+abomination, the prophet that prophesied ill--these were the names that
+were in favour. And he that was least bitter in his maledictions was most
+at a discount. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were in every-day request,
+Shadrach and Abednego being the favourites. Mordecai, too, was daily
+commemorated; while Jeremiah attained a popularity, as Jeremy, he can
+never altogether lose. "Lamentations" was so melancholy, that it must
+needs be personified, don a Puritanical habit, and stand at the font as
+godfather--I mean witness--to some wretched infant who had done nothing to
+merit such a fate. "Lamentations Chapman" appeared as defendant in a suit
+in Chancery about 1590. The exact date is not to be found, but the case
+was tried towards the close of Elizabeth's reign ("Chancery Suits,
+Elizabeth").
+
+It is really hard to say why names of melancholy import became so common.
+Perhaps it was a spirit morbidly brooding on the religious oppressions of
+the times; perhaps it was bile. Any way, Camden says "Dust" and "Ashes"
+were names in use in the days of Elizabeth and James. These, no doubt,
+were translations of the Hebrew "Aphrah" into the "vulgar tongue," the
+name having become exceedingly common. Micah, in one of the most mournful
+prophecies of the Old Testament, says--
+
+    "Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah
+    roll thyself in the dust."
+
+Literally: "in the house of dust roll thyself in the dust." The name was
+quickly seized upon:
+
+    "Sept., 1599. Baptized Affray, d. of Richard Manne of
+    Lymehus."--Stepney.
+
+    "May 15, 1576. Wedding of William Brickhead and Affera Lawrence."--St.
+    Peter's, Cornhill.
+
+This last entry proves how early the name had arisen. In Kent it had
+become very common. The registers of Canterbury Cathedral teem with it:
+
+    "1601, June 5. Christened Afra, the daughter of William Warriner.
+
+    "1614, Oct. 30. Christened Aphora, the daughter of Mr. Merrewether.
+
+    "1635, July 20. Robert Fuller maryed Apherie Pitt."
+
+In these instances we see at a glance the origin of the licentious Aphra
+Behn's name, which looks so like a _nom-de-plume_, and has puzzled many.
+She was born at Canterbury, with the surname of Johnson, baptized Aphra,
+and married a Dutch merchant named Behn. When acting as a Government spy
+at Antwerp in 1666, she signs a letter "Aphara Behn" (C. S. P.), which is
+nearer the Biblical form than many others. It is just possible her father
+might have rolled himself several times in the dust had he lived to read
+some of his daughter's writings. Their tone is not Puritanic. The name
+has become obsolete; indeed, it scarcely survived the seventeenth century,
+dying out within a hundred years of its rise. But it was very popular in
+its day.
+
+Rachel, in her dying pains, had styled, under deep depression, her babe
+Benoni ("son of my sorrow"); but his father turned it into the more
+cheerful Benjamin ("son of the right hand"). Of course, Puritanism sided
+with the mother, and the Benonis flourished at a ratio of six to one over
+the Benjamins:
+
+    "1607. Christened Benony, sonne of Beniamyn Ruthin,
+    mariner."--Stepney.
+
+    "1661, Dec. 20. Christened Margrett, d. of Bennoni Wallington,
+    goldsmith."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1637, May 6. Order to transmit Benoni Bucke to England from
+    Virginia."--"C. S. P. Colonial."
+
+    "1656, March 25. Petition of Benoni Honeywood."--"C. S. P. Colonial."
+
+I don't think, however, all these mothers died in childbed. It would speak
+badly for the chirurgic skill of the seventeenth century if they did. It
+was the Church of Christ that was in travail.
+
+_Ichabod_ was equally common. There was something hard and unrelenting in
+Jael (already mentioned) that naturally suited the temper of every
+fanatic:
+
+    "1613, July 28. Christened Jaell, d. of Roger Manwaryng,
+    preacher."--St. Helen, Bishopsgate.
+
+Mehetabell had something in it, probably its length, that made it popular
+among the Puritan faction. It lasted well, too:
+
+    "1680, March 24. Married Philip Penn and Mehittabela Hilder."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1693, May 21. Baptized Mehetabell, d. of Jeremiah Hart,
+    apothecary."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+But while Deborah, an especial pet of the fanatics, Sara, Rebecca, Rachel,
+Zipporah, and Leah were in high favour as Old Testament heroines, none had
+such a run as Abigail:
+
+    "1573, Oct. Abigoll Cumberford, christened."--Stepney.
+
+    "1617, Oct. 15. Christened Abbigale, d. of John Webb, shoemaker."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1635, Jan. 19. Married Jarrett Birkhead and Abigaile
+    Whitehead."--Ditto.
+
+    "May 30, 1721. Married Robert Elles and Abigail Six."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Few Scripture names made themselves so popular as this. At the conclusion
+of the sixteenth century it was beginning its career, and by Queen Anne's
+day had reached its zenith. When the Cavalier was drinking at the
+alehouse, he would waggishly chant through his nose, with eye upturned--
+
+    "Come, sisters, and sing
+    An hymne to our king,
+      Who sitteth on high degree.
+    The men at Whitehall,
+    And the wicked, shall fall,
+      And hey, then, up go we!
+    'A match,' quoth my sister Joice,
+      'Contented,' quoth Rachel, too;
+      Quoth Abigaile, 'Yea,' and Faith, 'Verily,'
+      And Charity, 'Let it be so.'"
+
+A curious error has been propagated by writers who ought to have known
+better. It is customarily asserted that abigail, as a cant term for a
+waiting-maid, only arose after Abigail Hill, the Duchess of Marlborough's
+cousin, became waiting-woman to the queen, and supplanted her kinswoman.
+Certainly we find both Swift and Fielding using the term after this event.
+But there is good reason for believing that the sobriquet is as old as
+Charles I.'s reign. Indeed, there can be no reasonable doubt but that we
+owe the term to the enormous popularity of Beaumont's comedy, "The
+Scornful Ladie," written about 1613, and played in 1616. The chief part
+falls to the lot of "Abigal, a waiting-gentlewoman," as the _dramatis
+personae_ styles her, the playwright associating the name and employment
+after the scriptural narrative. But Beaumont knew his Bible well.
+
+That Abigail at once became a cant term is proved by "The Parson's
+Wedding," written by Killigrew some time between 1645 and 1650. Wanton
+addresses the Parson:
+
+    "Was she deaf to your report?
+      _Parson._ Yes, yes.
+      _Wanton._ And Ugly, her abigail, she had her say, too?
+      _Parson._ Yes, yes."
+
+That this sentence would never have been written but for Beaumont's play,
+there can be no reasonable doubt. It was performed so late as 1783. In
+1673, after yearly performances, it was published as a droll, and entitled
+"The False Heir." In 1742 it appears again under the title of "The Feigned
+Shipwreck." Samuel Pepys, in his Diary, records his visits to the
+playhouse to see "The Scornful Lady" at least four times, viz. 1661, 1662,
+1665, and 1667. Writing December 27, 1665, he says--
+
+    "By coach to the King's Playhouse, and there saw 'The Scornful Lady'
+    well acted: Doll Common doing Abigail most excellently."
+
+Abigail passed out of favour about the middle of the last century, but
+Mrs. Masham's artifices had little to do with it. The comedy had done its
+work, and Abigail coming into use, like Malkin two centuries before, as
+the cant term for a kitchen drab, or common serving wench, as is
+sufficiently proved by the literature of the day, the name lost caste with
+all classes, and was compelled to bid adieu to public favour.
+
+This affection for the Old Testament has never died out among the
+Nonconformists. The large batch of names I have already quoted from modern
+directories is almost wholly from the earlier Testament. Wherever Dissent
+is strong, there will be found a large proportion of these names. Amongst
+the passengers who went out to New England in James and Charles's reigns
+will be found such names as Ebed-meleck Gastrell, Oziell Lane, Ephraim
+Howe, Ezechell Clement, Jeremy Clement, Zachary Cripps, Noah Fletcher,
+Enoch Gould, Zebulon Cunninghame, Seth Smith, Peleg Bucke, Gercyon Bucke
+(Gershom), Rachell Saunders, Lea Saunders, Calebb Carr, Jonathan Franklin,
+Boaz Sharpe, Esau del a Ware, Pharaoh Flinton, Othniell Haggat, Mordecay
+Knight, Obediah Hawes, Gamaliell Ellis, Esaias Raughton, Azarias Pinney,
+Elisha Mallowes, Malachi Mallock, Jonadab Illett, Joshua Long, Enecha
+Fitch (seemingly a feminine of Enoch), and Job Perridge. Occasionally an
+Epenetus Olney, or Nathaniell Patient, or Epaphroditus Haughton, or
+Cornelius Conway, or Feleaman Dickerson (Philemon), or Theophilus Lucas,
+or Annanias Mann is met with; but these are few, and were evidently
+selected for their size, the temptation to poach on apostolic preserves
+being too great when such big game was to be obtained. Besides, they were
+not in the calendar! These names went to Virginia, and they are not
+forgotten.
+
+
+III. OBJECTIONABLE SCRIPTURE NAMES.
+
+Camden says--
+
+    "In times of Christianity, the names of most holy and vertuous
+    persons, and of their most worthy progenitors, were given to stirre up
+    men to the imitation of them, whose names they bare. But succeeding
+    ages, little regarding St. Chrysostome's admonition to the contrary,
+    have recalled prophane names, so as now Diana, Cassandra, Hyppolitus,
+    Venus, Lais, names of unhappy disastre, are as rife somewhere, as ever
+    they were in Paganisme."--"Remaines," p. 43.
+
+The most cursory survey of our registers proves this. Captain Hercules
+Huncks and Ensign Neptune Howard fought under the Earl of Northumberland
+in 1640 (Peacock's "Army List of Roundheads and Cavaliers"). Both were
+Royalists.
+
+    "1643, Feb. 6. Buried Paris, son of William and Margaret Lee."--St.
+    Michael, Spurriergate, York.
+
+    "1670, March 13. Baptized Cassandra, d. of James Smyth."--Banbury.
+
+    "1679, July 2. Buried Cassandra, ye wife of Edward Williams."--St.
+    Michael, Barbados, (Hotten).
+
+    "1631, May 26. Married John Cotton and Venus[18] Levat."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+Cartwright, the great Puritan, attacked these names in 1575, as "savouring
+of paganism" (Neal, v. p. xv. Appendix). It was a pity he did not include
+some names in the list of his co-religionists, for surely Tamar and Dinah
+were just as objectionable as Venus or Lais. The doctrine of a fallen
+nature could be upheld, and the blessed state of self-abasement
+maintained, without a daily reminder in the shape of a Bible name of evil
+repute. Bishop Corbett brought it as a distinct charge against the
+Puritans, that they loved to select the most unsavoury stories of Old
+Testament history for their converse. In the "Maypole" he makes a zealot
+minister say--
+
+    "To challenge liberty and recreation,
+    Let it be done in holy contemplation.
+    Brothers and sisters in the fields may walk,
+    Beginning of the Holy Word to talk:
+    Of David and Uria's lovely wife,
+    Of Tamar and her lustful brother's strife."
+
+One thing is certain, these names became popular:
+
+    "1610, March. Baptized Bathsheba, d. of John Hamond, of
+    Ratcliffe."--Stepney.
+
+    "1672, Feb. 23. Buried Bathsheba, wife of Richard Brinley,
+    hosier."--St. Denis Backchurch.
+
+The alternate form of Bath-shua (1 Chron. iii. 5) was used, although the
+clerks did not always know how to spell it:
+
+    "1609, July 1. Baptized Bathshira and Tabitha, daughters of Sir
+    Antonie Dering, Knight.
+
+    "1609, July 5. Buried Bathshira and Tabitha, ds. of Sir Antonie
+    Dering, Knight, being twines."--Pluckley, Kent.
+
+    "1601, Jan. Baptized Thamar, d. of Henry Reynold."--Stepney.
+
+    "1691, Nov. 20. Baptized Tamar, d. of Francis and Tamar Lee."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1698, April 10. Buried Tamar, wife of Richard Robinson, of
+    Fell-foot."--Cartmel.
+
+As for Dinah, she became a great favourite from her first introduction;
+every register contains her name before Elizabeth's death:
+
+    "1585, Aug. 15. Christening of Dina, d. of John Lister, barbor.
+
+    "1591, Aug. 21. Buried Mrs. Dina Walthall, a vertuous yong woman, 30
+    years."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Crossing the Atlantic with the Pilgrim Fathers, she settled down at length
+as the typical negress; yet Puritan writers admitted that when she "went
+out to see the daughters of the land," she meant to be seen of the sons
+also!
+
+Taylor, the Water-poet, seems to imply that Goliath was registered at
+baptism by the Puritan:
+
+    "Quoth he, 'what might the child baptized be?
+    Was it a male She, or a female He?'--
+    'I know not what, but 'tis a Son,' she said.--
+    'Nay then,' quoth he, 'a wager may be laid
+    It had some Scripture name.'--'Yes, so it had,'
+    Said she: 'but my weak memory's so bad,
+    I have forgot it: 'twas a godly name,
+    Tho' out of my remembrance be the same:
+    'Twas one of the small prophets verily:
+    'Twas not Esaias, nor yet Jeremy,
+    Ezekiel, Daniel, nor good Obadiah,
+    Ah, now I do remember, 'twas Goliah!'"
+
+Pharaoh occurs, and went out to Virginia, where it has ever since
+remained. It is, as already shown, familiar enough in Yorkshire.
+
+Of New Testament names, whose associations are of evil repute, we may
+mention Ananias, Sapphira, and Antipas. Ananias had become so closely
+connected with Puritanism, that not only did Dryden poke fun at the
+relationship in the "Alchemist," but _Ananias Dulman_ became the cant term
+for a long-winded zealot preacher. So says Neal.
+
+    "1603, Sep. 12. Buried Ananias, sonne of George Warren, 17
+    years."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1621, Sep. Baptized Ananias, son of Ananias Jarratt,
+    glassmaker."--Stepney.
+
+_Sapphira_ occurs in Bunhill Fields:
+
+    "Here lyeth the body of Mrs. Sapphira Lightmaker, wife of Mr. Edward
+    Lightmaker, of Broadhurst, in Sussex, gent. She died in the Lorde,
+    Dec. 20, 1704, aged 81 years."
+
+She was therefore born in 1633. Her brother (they were brought up
+Presbyterians) was Robert Leighton, who died Archbishop of Glasgow.
+
+_Drusilla_, again, was objectionable, but perchance her character was less
+historically known then:
+
+    "1622. Baptized Drusilla, d. of Thomas Davis."--Ludlow.
+
+_Antipas_, curiously enough, was almost popular, although a murderer and
+an adulterer:
+
+    "1633, Feb. 28. Baptized Antipas, sonne of Robert Barnes, of
+    Shadwell."--Stepney.
+
+    "1662. Petition of Antipas Charrington."--"Cal. St. P. Dom."
+
+    "1650. Antipas Swinnerton, Tedbury, wollman."--"Tokens of Seventeenth
+    Century."
+
+Dr. Increase Mather, the eminent Puritan, in his work entitled "Remarkable
+Providences," published at Boston, U.S.A., in 1684, has a story of an
+interposition in behalf of his friend Antipas Newman.
+
+Of other instances, somewhat later, _Sehon_ Stace, who lived in Warding in
+1707 ("Suss. Arch. Coll.," xii. 254), commemorates the King of the
+Amorites, _Milcom_ Groat ("Cal. St. P.," 1660) representing on English
+soil "the abomination of the children of Ammon." Dr. Pusey and Mr.
+Spurgeon might be excused a little astonishment at such a conversion by
+baptism.
+
+_Barrabas_ cannot be considered a happy choice:
+
+    "Buried, 1713, Oct. 18, Barabas, sonne of Barabas
+    Bowen."--All-Hallows, Barking.
+
+Mr. Maskell draws attention to the name in his history of that church.
+There is something so emphatic about "now Barrabas was a robber," that
+thoughts of theft seem proper to the very name. We should have locked up
+the spoons, we feel sure, had father or son called upon us. The father who
+called his son "Judas-not-Iscariot" scarcely cleared the name of its evil
+associations, nor would it quite meet the difficulty suggested by the
+remark in "Tristram Shandy:"
+
+    "Your Billy, sir--would you for the world have called him Judas?...
+    Would you, sir, if a Jew of a godfather had proposed the name of your
+    child, and offered you his purse along with it--would you have
+    consented to such a desecration of him?"
+
+We have all heard the story of Beelzebub. If the child had been
+inadvertently so baptized, a remedy might have been found in former days
+by changing the name at confirmation. Until 1552, the bishop confirmed by
+name. Archbishop Peccham laid down a rule:
+
+    "The minister shall take care not to permit wanton names, which being
+    pronounced do sound to lasciviousness, to be given to children
+    baptized, especially of the female sex: and if otherwise it be done,
+    the same shall be changed by the bishop at confirmation."
+
+That this law had been carelessly followed after the Reformation is clear,
+else Venus Levat, already quoted, would not have been married in 1631
+under that name. Certainly Dinah and Tamar come under the ban of this
+injunction.
+
+Curiously enough, the change of name was sanctioned in the case of
+orthodox names, for Lord Coke says--
+
+    "If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his
+    confirmation by the Bishop, he is named John, his name of confirmation
+    shall stand."
+
+He then quotes the case of Sir Francis Gawdie, Chief Justice of the Court
+of Common Pleas, whose name by baptism was Thomas, Thomas being changed to
+Francis at confirmation. He holds that Francis shall stand ("Institutes,"
+1. iii.). This practice manifestly arose out of Peccham's rule, but it is
+strange that wanton instances should be left unchanged, and the orthodox
+allowed to be altered.
+
+Arising out of the Puritan error of permitting names like Tamar and Dinah
+to stand, modern eccentricity has gone very far, and it would be
+satisfactory to see many names in use at present forbidden. I need not
+quote the Venuses of our directories. Emanuel is of an opposite character,
+and should be considered blasphemy. We have not adopted Christ yet, as Dr.
+Doran reminded us they have done in Germany, but my copy of the London
+Directory shows at least one German, bearing the baptismal name of Christ,
+at present dwelling in the metropolis. Puritan eccentricity is a trifle to
+this.
+
+
+IV. LOSSES.
+
+(_a._) _The Destruction of Pet Forms._
+
+But let us now notice some of the more disastrous effects of the great
+Hebrew invasion. The most important were the partial destruction of the
+nick forms, and the suppression of diminutives. The English pet names
+disappeared, never more to return. Desinences in "cock," "kin," "elot,"
+"ot," "et," "in," and "on," are no more found in current literature, nor
+in the clerk's register. Why should this be so? An important reason
+strikes us at once. The ecclesiastic names on which the enclytics had
+grown had become unpopular well-nigh throughout England. It was an
+English, not a Puritan prejudice. With the suppression of the names proper
+went the desinences attached to them. The tree being felled, the parasite
+decayed. Another reason was this: the names introduced from the Scriptures
+did not seem to compound comfortably with these terminatives. The Hebrew
+name would first have to be turned into a nick form before the diminutive
+was appended. The English peasantry had added "_in_," "_ot_," "_kin_," and
+"_cock_" only to the _nickname_, never to the baptismal form. It was
+Wat-kin, not Walterkin; Bat-kin, not Bartholomewkin; Wilcock, not
+Williamcock; Colin, not Nicholas-in; Philpot, not Philipot. But the
+popular feeling for a century was against turning the new Scripture names
+into curt nick forms. As it would have been an absurdity to have appended
+diminutives to sesquipedalian names, national wit, rather than deliberate
+plan, prevented it. If it was irreverent, too, to curtail Scripture names,
+it was equally irreverent to give them the diminutive dress. To prove the
+absolute truth of my statement, I have only to remind the reader that,
+saving "Nat-kin," not one single Bible name introduced by the Reformation
+and the English Bible has become conjoined with a diminutive.[19]
+
+The immediate consequence was this; the diminutive forms became obsolete.
+Emmott lingered on till the end of the seventeenth century; nay, got into
+the eighteenth:
+
+    "Emmit, d. of Edward and Ann Buck, died 24 April, 1726, aged 6
+    years."--Hawling, Gloucester.
+
+But it was only where it was not known as a form of Emma, and possibly
+both might exist in the same household. I have already furnished instances
+of Hamlet. Here is another:
+
+    "The Rev. Hamlet Marshall, D.D., died in the Close, Lincoln, in 1652.
+    With him dwelt his nephew, Hamlet Joyce. He bequeaths legacies in his
+    will to Hamlet Pickerin and Hamlet Duncalf, and his executor was his
+    son, Hamlet Marshall."--_Notes and Queries_, February 14, 1880.
+
+It lasted till the eighteenth century. But nobody knew by that time that
+it was a pet name of Hamon, or Hamond; nay, few knew that the surname of
+Hammond had ever been a baptismal name at all:
+
+    "1620, Jan. 3. Buried Hamlet Rigby, Mr. Askew's man."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1620. Petition of Hamond Franklin."--"Cal. S. P. Dom.," 1619-1623.
+
+It is curious to notice that Mr. Hovenden, in his "Canterbury Register,"
+published 1878, for the Harleian Society, has the following entries:--
+
+    "1627, Aprill 3. Christened Ham'on, the sonn of Richard Struggle."
+
+    "1634. Jan. 18. Christened Damaris, daughter of Mr. Ham'on Leucknor."
+
+Turning to the index, the editor has styled them _Hamilton_ Struggle and
+_Hamilton_ Leucknor. Ham'on, of course, is Hammon, or Hammond. I may add
+that some ecclesiastic, a critic of my book on "English Surnames," in the
+_Guardian_, rebuked me for supposing that Emmot could be from Emma, and
+calmly put it down as a form of Aymot! What can prove the effect of the
+Reformation on old English names as do such incidents as these?
+
+An English monarch styled his favourite Peter Gaveston as "Piers," a form
+that was sufficiently familiar to readers of history; but when an
+antiquary, some few years ago, found this same Gaveston described as
+"Perot," it became a difficulty to not a few. The Perrots or Parratts of
+our London Directory might have told them of the old-fashioned diminutive
+that had been knocked on the head with a Hebrew Bible.
+
+Collet, from Nicholas, used as a feminine name, died out also. The last
+instance I know of is--
+
+    "1629, Jan. 15. Married Thomas Woollard and Collatt Hargrave."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Colin, the other pet form, having got into our pastoral poetry, lingered
+longer, and may be said to be still alive:
+
+    "1728. Married Colin Foster and Beulah Digby."--Somerset House Chapel.
+
+The last Wilmot I have discovered is a certain Wilmote Adams, a defendant
+in a Chancery suit at the end of Elizabeth's reign ("Chancery Suits:
+Elizabeth"), and the last Philpot is dated 1575:
+
+    "1575, Aug. 26. Christened Philpott, a chylde that was laide at Mr
+    Alderman Osberne's gatt."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+All the others perished by the time James I. was king. Guy, or Wyatt,
+succumbed entirely, and the same may be said of the rest. Did we require
+further confirmation of this, I need only inquire: Would any Yorkshireman
+now, as he reads over shop-fronts in towns like Leeds or Bradford, or in
+the secluded villages of Wensleydale or Swaledale, the surnames of Tillot
+and Tillotson, Emmett and Emmotson, Ibbott, Ibbet, Ibbs, and Ibbotson,
+know that, twenty years before the introduction of our English Bible,
+these were not merely the familiar pet names of Matilda, Emma, and
+Isabella, but that as a trio they stood absolutely first in the scale of
+frequency? Nay, they comprised more than forty-five per cent. of the
+female population.
+
+The last registered Ibbot or Issot I have seen is in the Chancery suits at
+the close of Queen Bess's reign, wherein Ibote Babyngton and Izott Barne
+figure in some legal squabbles ("Chancery Suits: Elizabeth," vol. ii.). As
+for Sissot, or Drewet, or Doucet, or Fawcett, or Hewet, or Philcock, or
+Jeffcock, or Batkin, or Phippin, or Lambin, or Perrin, they have passed
+away--their place knoweth them no more. What a remarkable revolution is
+this, and so speedy!
+
+Failing our registers, the question may arise whether or not in familiar
+converse the old pet forms were still used. Our ballads and plays preserve
+many of the nick forms, but scarcely a pet form is to be seen later than
+1590. In 1550 Nicholas Udall wrote "Ralph Roister Doister," in the very
+commencement of which Matthew Merrygreek "says or sings"--
+
+    "Sometime Lewis Loiterer biddeth me come near:
+    Somewhiles _Watkin_ Waster maketh us good cheer."
+
+Amongst the _dramatis personae_ are _Dobinet_ Doughty, Sim Suresby, Madge
+Mumblecrust, _Tibet_ Talkapace, and _Annot_ Aliface. A few years later
+came "Gammer Gurton's Needle." Both _Diccon_ and Hodge figure in it: two
+rustics of the most bucolic type. Hodge, after relating how Gib the cat
+had licked the milk-pan clean, adds--
+
+    "Gog's souls, _Diccon_, Gib our cat had eat the bacon too."
+
+Immediately after this, again, in 1568 was printed "Like will to Like."
+The chief characters are Tom Tosspot, _Hankin_ Hangman, Pierce Pickpurse,
+and Nichol Newfangle. Wat Waghalter is also introduced. But here may be
+said to end this homely and contemporary class of play-names. 'Tis true,
+in Beaumont and Fletcher's "Beggar's Bush," Higgen (_Higgin_) is one of
+the "three knavish beggars," but the scene is laid in Flanders.
+
+Judging by our songs and comedies, the diminutive forms went down with
+terrible rapidity, and were practically obsolete before Elizabeth's death.
+But this result was more the work of the Reformation at large than
+Puritanism.
+
+
+(_b._) _The Decrease of Nick Forms._
+
+This was not all. The nick forms saw themselves reduced to straits. The
+new godly names, I have said, were not to be turned into irreverent cant
+terms. From the earliest day of the Reformation every man who gave his
+child a Bible name stuck to it unaltered. Ebenezer at baptism was Ebenezer
+among the turnips, Ebenezer with the milk-pail, and Ebenezer in courtship;
+while Deborah, who did not become Deb till Charles I.'s reign, would
+Ebenezer him till the last day she had done scolding him, and put
+"Ebenezer" carefully on his grave, to prove how happily they had lived
+together!
+
+As for the zealot who gradually forged his way to the front, he gave his
+brother and sister in the Lord the full benefit of his or her title,
+whether it was five syllables or seven. There can be no doubt that these
+Hebrew names did not readily adapt themselves to ordinary converse with
+the world. Melchisedek and Ebedmelech were all right elbowing their way
+into the conventicle, but Melchisedek dispensing half-pounds of butter
+over the counter, or Ebedmelech carrying milk-pails from door to door,
+gave people a kind of shock. These grand assumptions suggested knavery.
+One feels certain that our great-grandmothers had a suspicion of tallow in
+the butter, and Jupiter Pluvius in the pail.
+
+Nor did these excavated names harmonize with the surnames to which they
+were yoked. Adoniram was quaint enough without Byfield, but both (as
+Butler, in "Hudibras," knew) suggested something slightly ludicrous. Byron
+took a mean advantage of this when he attacked poor Cottle, the bookseller
+and would-be writer:
+
+    "O Amos Cottle! Phoebus! what a name
+    To fill the speaking trump of future fame!
+    O Amos Cottle! for a moment think
+    What meagre profits spring from pen and ink."
+
+Amos is odd, but Amos united to Cottle makes a smile irresistible.
+
+Who does not agree with Wilkes, who, when speaking to Johnson of Dryden's
+would-be rival, the city poet, says--
+
+    "Elkanah Settle sounds so queer, who can expect much from that name?
+    We should have no hesitation to give it for John Dryden, in preference
+    to Elkanah Settle, from the names only, without knowing their
+    different merits"?
+
+And Sterne, as the elder Disraeli reminds us, in one of his multitudinous
+digressions from the life of "Tristram Shandy," makes the progenitor of
+that young gentleman turn absolutely melancholy, as he conjures up a
+vision of all the men who
+
+    "might have done exceeding well in the world, had not their characters
+    and spirits been totally depressed, and Nicodemas'd into nothing."
+
+Even Oliver Goldsmith cannot resist styling the knavish seller of green
+spectacles by a conjunction of Hebrew and English titles as Ephraim
+Jenkinson; and his servant, who acts the part of a Job Trotter (another
+Old Testament worthy, again) to his master, is, of course, Abraham!
+
+But, oddly as such combinations strike upon the modern tympanum, what must
+not the effect have been in a day when a nickname was popular according as
+it was curt? How would men rub their eyes in sheer amazement, when such
+conjunctions as Ebedmelech Gastrell, or Epaphroditus Haughton, or
+Onesiphorus Dixey, were introduced to their notice, pronounced with all
+sesquipedalian fulness, following upon the very heels of a long epoch of
+traditional one-syllabled Ralphs, Hodges, Hicks, Wats, Phips, Bates, and
+Balls (Baldwin). Conceive the amazement at such registrations as these:
+
+    "1599, Sep. 23. Christened Aholiab, sonne of Michaell Nicolson,
+    cordwainer."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1569, June 1. Christened Ezekiell, sonne of Robert Pownall."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1582, April 1. Christened Melchisadeck, sonne of Melchizadeck Bennet,
+    poulter."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1590, Dec. 20. Christened Abacucke, sonne of John Tailer."--Ditto.
+
+    "1595, Nov. Christened Zabulon, sonne of John Griffin."--Stepney.
+
+    "1603, Sep. 15. Buried Melchesideck King."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1645, July 19. Buried Edward, sonne of Mephibosheth Robins."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1660, Nov. 5. Buried Jehostiaphat (_sic_) Star."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1611, Oct. 21. Baptized Zipporah, d. of Richard Beere, of
+    Wapping."--Stepney.
+
+The "Chancery Suits" of Elizabeth contain a large batch of such names; and
+I have already enumerated a list of "Pilgrim Fathers" of James's reign,
+whose baptisms would be recorded in the previous century.
+
+But compare this with the fact that the leading men in England at this
+very time were recognized only by the curtest of abbreviated names. In
+that very quaint poem of Heywood's, "The Hierarchie of Blessed Angels,"
+the author actually makes it the ground of an affected remonstrance:
+
+    "Marlowe, renowned for his rare art and wit,
+    Could ne'er attain beyond the name of _Kit_,
+    Although his _Hero and Leander_ did
+    Merit addition rather. Famous Kid
+    Was called but _Tom_. _Tom_ Watson, though he wrote
+    Able to make Apollo's self to dote
+    Upon his muse, for all that he could strive,
+    Yet never could to his full name arrive.
+    _Tom_ Nash, in his time of no small esteem,
+    Could not a second syllable redeem.
+
+      *       *       *       *       *
+
+    Mellifluous Shakespeare, whose enchanting quill
+    Commanded mirth or passion, was but _Will_:
+    And famous Jonson, though his learned pen
+    Be dipped in Castaly, is still but _Ben_."
+
+However, in the end, he attributes the familiarity to the right cause:
+
+                        "I, for my part,
+    Think others what they please, accept that heart
+    That courts my love in most familiar phrase;
+    And that it takes not from my pains or praise,
+    If any one to me so bluntly come:
+    I hold he loves me best that calls me _Tom_."
+
+It is Sir Christopher, the curate, who, in "The Ordinary," rebels against
+"Kit:"
+
+      "_Andrew._ What may I call your name, most reverend sir?
+      _Bagshot._ His name's Sir Kit.
+      _Christopher._ My name is not so short:
+    'Tis a trisyllable, an't please your worship;
+    But vulgar tongues have made bold to profane it
+    With the short sound of that unhallowed idol
+    They call a kit. Boy, learn more reverence!
+      _Bagshot._ Yes, to my betters."
+
+We need not wonder, therefore, that the comedists took their fun out of
+the new custom, especially in relation to their length and pronunciation
+in full. In Cowley's "Cutter of Colman Street," Cutter turns Puritan, and
+thus addresses the colonel's widow, Tabitha:
+
+    "Sister Barebottle, I must not be called Cutter any more: that is a
+    name of Cavalier's darkness; the Devil was a Cutter from the
+    beginning: my name is now Abednego: I had a vision which whispered to
+    me through a key-hole, 'Go, call thyself Abednego.'"
+
+In his epilogue to this same comedy, Cutter is supposed to address the
+audience as a "congregation of the elect," the playhouse is a conventicle,
+and he is a "pious cushion-thumper." Gazing about the theatre, he
+says--through his nose, no doubt--
+
+    "But yet I wonder much not to espy a
+    Brother in all this court called Zephaniah."
+
+This is a better rhyme even than Butler's
+
+    "Their dispensations had been stifled
+    But for our Adoniram Byfield."
+
+In Brome's "Covent Garden Weeded," the arrival at the vintner's door is
+thus described:
+
+    "_Rooksbill._ Sure you mistake him, sir.
+
+    _Vintner._ You are welcome, gentlemen: Will, Harry, Zachary!
+
+    _Gabriel._ Zachary is a good name.
+
+    _Vintner._ Where are you? Shew up into the Phoenix."--Act. ii. sc. 2.
+
+The contrast between Will or Harry, the nick forms, and Zachary,[20] the
+full name, is intentionally drawn, and Gabriel instantly rails at it.
+
+In "Bartholomew Fair," half the laughter that convulsed Charles II., his
+courtiers, and courtezans, was at the mention of _Ezekiel_, the cut-purse,
+or _Zeal-of-the-land_, the baker, who saw visions; while the veriest
+noodle in the pit saw the point of Squire Cokes' perpetually addressing
+his body-man Humphrey in some such style as this:
+
+    "O, Numps! are you here, Numps? Look where I am, Numps, and Mistress
+    Grace, too! Nay, do not look so angrily, Numps: my sister is here and
+    all, I do not come without her."
+
+How the audience would laugh and cheer at a sally that was simply
+manufactured of a repetition of the good old-fashioned name for Humphrey;
+and thus a passage that reads as very dull fun indeed to the ears of the
+nineteenth century, would seem to be brimful of sarcastic allusion to the
+popular audience of the seventeenth, especially when spoken by such lips
+as Wintersels.
+
+The same effect was attempted and attained in the "Alchemist." Subtle
+addresses the deacon:
+
+      "What's your name?
+      _Ananias._ My name is Ananias.
+      _Subtle._                  Out, the varlet
+    That cozened the Apostles! Hence away!
+    Flee, mischief! had your holy consistory
+    No name to send me, of another sound,
+    Than wicked Ananias? Send your elders
+    Hither, to make atonement for you, quickly,
+    And give me satisfaction: or out goes
+    The fire ...
+    If they stay threescore minutes; the aqueity,
+    Terreity, and sulphureity
+    Shall run together again, and all be annulled,
+    Thou wicked Ananias!"
+
+Exit Ananias, and no wonder. Of course, the pit would roar at the expense
+of Ananias. But Abel, the tobacco-man, who immediately appears in his
+place, is addressed familiarly as "Nab:"
+
+      "_Face._ Abel, thou art made.
+      _Abel._ Sir, I do thank his worship.
+      _Face._ Six o' thy legs more will not do it, Nab.
+    He has brought you a pipe of tobacco, doctor.
+      _Abel._ Yes, sir; I have another thing I would impart----
+      _Face._ Out with it, Nab.
+      _Abel._                   Sir, there is lodged hard by me
+    A rich young widow."
+
+To some readers there will be little point in this. They will say "Abel,"
+as an Old Testament name, should neither have been given to an
+un-puritanic character, nor ought it to have been turned into a nickname.
+This would never have occurred to the audience. Abel, or Nab, had been one
+of the most popular of English names for at least three centuries before
+the Reformation. Hence it was _never_ used by the Puritans, and was, as a
+matter of course, the undisturbed property of their enemies. Three
+centuries of bad company had ruined Nab's morals. The zealot would none of
+it.[21]
+
+But from all this it will be seen that a much better fight was made in
+behalf of the old nick forms than of the diminutives. By a timely rally,
+Tom, Jack, Dick, and Harry were carried, against all hindrances, into the
+Restoration period, and from that time they were safe. Wat, Phip, Hodge,
+Bat or Bate, and Cole lost their position, but so had the fuller Philip,
+Roger, Bartholomew, and Nicholas, But the opponents of Puritanism carried
+the war into the enemy's camp in revenge for this, and Priscilla, Deborah,
+Jeremiah, and Nathaniel, although they were rather of the Reformation than
+Puritanic introductions, were turned by the time of Charles I. into the
+familiar nick forms of Pris, Deb, Jerry, and Nat. The licentious Richard
+Brome, in "The New Academy," even attempts a curtailment of Nehemiah:
+
+    "_Lady Nestlecock._ Negh, Negh!
+    _Nehemiah._ Hark! my mother comes.
+    _Lady N._ Where are you, childe? Negh!
+    _Nehemiah._ I hear her _neighing_ after me."
+                                          Act iv. sc. 1. (1658).
+
+It was never tried out of doors, however, and the experiment was not
+repeated. Brome was still more scant in reverence to Damaris. In "Covent
+Garden Weeded" Madge begins "the dismal story:"
+
+    "This gentlewoman whose name is Damaris----
+
+    _Nich._ Damyris, stay: her nickname then is Dammy: so we may call her
+    when we grow familiar; and to begin that familiarity--Dammy, here's to
+    you. (_Drinks._)"
+
+After this she is Dammy in the mouth of Nicholas throughout the play.
+This, too, was a failure. Indeed, it demonstrates a remarkable reverence
+for their Bible on the part of the English race, that every attempt to
+turn one of its names into a nick form (saving in some three or four
+instances) has ignominiously failed. We mean, of course, since the
+Reformation.
+
+The Restoration was a great restoration of nick forms. Such names as had
+survived were again for a while in full favour, and the reader has only
+to turn to the often coarse ballads and songs contained in such
+collections as Tom d'Urfey's "Pills to Purge Melancholy" to see how Nan,
+Sis, Sib, Kate, and Doll had been brought back to popular favour. It was
+but a spurt, however, in the main. As the lascivious reaction from the
+Puritanic strait-lacedness in some degree spent itself, so did the newly
+restored fashion, and when the eighteenth century brought in a fresh
+innovation, viz. the _classic_ forms, such as Beatrix, Maria, Laetitia,
+Carolina, Louisa, Amelia, Georgina, Dorothea, Prudentia, Honora--an
+innovation that for forty years ran like an epidemic through every class
+of society, and was sarcastically alluded to by Goldsmith in Miss Carolina
+Wilhelmina Amelia Skeggs, and the sisters Olivia and Sophia--the old nick
+forms once more bade adieu to English society, and now enjoy but a partial
+favour. But Bill, Tom, Dick, and Harry still hold on like grim death. Long
+may they continue to do so!
+
+
+(_c._) _The Decay of Saint and Festival Names._
+
+There were some serious losses in hagiology. Names that had figured in the
+calendar for centuries fared badly; Simon, Peter, Nicholas, Bartholomew,
+Philip, and Matthew, from being first favourites, lapsed into comparative
+oblivion. Some virgins and martyrs of extra-Biblical repute, like Agnes,
+Ursula, Catharine, Cecilia, or Blaze, crept into the registers of
+Charles's reign, but they had then become but shadows of their former
+selves.
+
+'Sis' is often found in D'Urfey's ballads, but it only proves the songs
+themselves were old ones, or at any rate the choruses, for Cecilia was
+practically obsolete:
+
+    "1574, Oct. 8. Buried Cisly Weanewright, ye carter's wife."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1578, June 1. Buried Cissellye, wife of Gilles Lambe."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1547, Dec. 26. Married Thomas Bodnam and Urcylaye Watsworth."--Ditto.
+
+    "1654, Sep. 20. Buried Ursley, d. of John Fife."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+It was now that Awdry gave way:
+
+    "1576, Sept. 7. Buryed Awdry, the widow of -- Seward."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1610, May 27. Baptized Awdrey, d. of John Cooke, butcher."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+St. Blaze,[22] the patron saint of wool-combers and the _nom-de-plume_ of
+Gil Blas, has only a church or two to recall his memory to us now. But he
+lived into Charles's reign:
+
+    "Blaze Winter was master of Stodmarsh Hospital, when it was
+    surrendered to Queen Elizabeth, 1575."--Hasted's "History of Kent."
+
+    "1550, May 23. Baptized Blaze, daughter of -- Goodwinne."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1555, Julie 21. Wedding of Blase Sawlter and Collis Smith."--Ditto.
+
+    "1662, May 6. Blase Whyte, one of ye minor cannons, to Mrs. Susanna
+    Wright, widow."--Cant. Cath.
+
+This is the last instance I have seen. Hillary shared the same fate:
+
+    "1547, Jan. 30. Married Hillarye Finch and Jane Whyte."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1557, June 27. Wedding of Hillary Wapolle and Jane Garret."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1593, Jan. 20. Christening of Hillary, sonne of Hillary Turner,
+    draper."--Ditto.
+
+Bride is rarely found in England now:
+
+    "1556, May 22. Baptized Bryde, daughter of -- Stoakes.
+
+    "1553, Nov. 27. Baptized Bryde, daughter of -- Faunt."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+Benedict, which for three hundred years had been known as Bennet, as
+several London churches can testify, became well-nigh extinct; but the
+feminine Benedicta, with Bennet for its shortened form, suddenly arose on
+its ashes, and flourished for a time:
+
+    "1517, Jan. 28. Wedding of William Stiche and Bennet Bennet,
+    widow."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1653, Sep. 29. Married Richard Moone to Benedicta Rolfe."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1575, Jan. 25. Baptized Bennett, son of John Langdon."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+These feminines are sometimes bothering. Look, for instance, at this:
+
+    "1596, Feb. 6. Wedding of William Bromley and Mathew Barnet, maiden,
+    of this parish."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1655, Sep. 24. Married Thomas Budd, miller, and Mathew Larkin,
+    spinster."--Ditto.
+
+The true spelling should have been Mathea, which, previous to the
+Reformation, had been given to girls born on St. Matthew's Day.[23] The
+nick form _Mat_ changed sexes. In "Englishmen for my Money" Walgrave
+says--
+
+    "Nay, stare not, look you here: no monster I, But even plain Ned, and
+    here stands Mat my wife."
+
+Appoline, all of whose teeth were extracted at her martyrdom with pincers,
+was a favourite saint for appeal against toothache. In the Homily "Against
+the Perils of Idolatry," it is said--
+
+    "All diseases have their special saints, as gods, the curers of them:
+    the toothache, St. Appoline."[24]
+
+Scarcely any name for girls was more common than this for a time; up to
+the Commonwealth period it contrived to exist. Take St. Peter, Cornhill,
+alone:
+
+    "1593, Jan. 13. Christened Apeline, d. of John Moris, clothworker.
+
+    "1609, M{ch}. 11. Christened Apoline, d. of Will{m}. Burton, marchant.
+
+    "1617, June 29. Buried Appelyna, d. of Thomas Church."
+
+Names from the great Church festivals fared as badly as those from the
+hagiology. The high day of the ecclesiastical calendar is Easter. We have
+more relics of this festival than any other. Pasche Oland or Pascoe Kerne
+figure in the Chancery suits of Elizabeth. Long before this the Hundred
+Rolls had given us a _Huge fil. Pasche_, and a contemporary record
+contained an _Antony Pascheson_. The different forms lingered till the
+Commonwealth:
+
+    "1553, M{ch}. 23. Baptized Pascall, son of John Davye."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1651, M{ch}. 18. Married Thomas Strato and Paskey Prideaux."--St.
+    Peter's, Cornhill.
+
+    "1747, May 4. Baptized Rebekah, d. of Pasko and Sarah Crocker."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1582, June 14. Baptized Pascow, son-in-law of Pascowe John."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+Pascha Turner, widow, was sister of Henry Parr, Bishop of Worcester.
+
+The more English "Easter" had a longer survival, but this arose from its
+having become confounded with Esther. To this mistake it owes the fact
+that it lived till the commencement of the present century:
+
+    "April, 1505. Christened Easter, daughter of Thomas Coxe, of
+    Wapping."--Stepney.
+
+    "May 27, 1764. Buried Easter Lewis, aged 56 years."--Lidney, Glouc.
+
+    "July 27, 1654. Married Thomas Burton, marriner, and Easter
+    Taylor."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+_Epiphany_, or _Theophania_ (shortened to Tiffany), was popular with both
+sexes, but the ladies got the chief hold of it.
+
+    "Megge Merrywedyr, and Sabyn Sprynge,
+    Tiffany Twynkeler, fayle for no thynge,"
+
+says one of our old mysteries. This form succumbed at the Reformation.
+Tyffanie Seamor appears as defendant about 1590, however ("Chancery Suits:
+Eliz."), and in Cornwall the name reached the seventeenth century:
+
+    "1594, Nov. 7. Baptized Typhenie, daughter of Sampson Bray.
+
+    "1600, June 21. Baptized Tiffeny, daughter of Harry Hake."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+The following is from Banbury register:
+
+    "1586, Jan. 9. Baptized Epiphane, ye sonne of Ambrose Bentley."[25]
+
+Epiphany Howarth records his name also about 1590 ("Chancery Suits:
+Eliz."), and a few years later he is once more met with in a State paper
+(C. S. P. 1623-25):
+
+    "1623, June. Account of monies paid by Epiphan Haworth, of
+    Herefordshire, recusant, since Nov. 11, 1611, L6 10 0."
+
+This Epiphan is valuable as showing the transition state between Epiphania
+and Ephin, the latter being the form that ousted all others:
+
+    "1563, March 14. Christening of Ephin King, d. of -- King.
+
+    "1564, June 30. Christening of Effam, d. of John Adlington.
+
+    "1620, March 30. Frauncis, sonne of Alexander Brounescome, and Effym,
+    his wife, brought a bead at Mr. Vowell's house.
+
+    "1635, Jan. 28. Buried Epham Vowell, widow."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+But Ephin was not a long liver, and by the time of the Restoration had
+wholly succumbed. The last entry I have seen is in the Westminster Abbey
+register:
+
+    "1692, Jan. 25. Buried Eppifania Cakewood, an almsman's wife."
+
+Pentecost was more sparely used. In the "Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in
+Turri Londonensi" occur both Pentecost de London (1221) and Pentecost
+Servicus, and a servitor of Henry III. bore the only name of "Pentecost"
+("Inquis., 13 Edw. I.," No. 13). This name was all but obsolete soon after
+the Reformation set in, but it lingered on till the end of the seventeenth
+century.
+
+    "1577, May 25. Baptized Pentecost, daughter of Robert Rosegan."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1610, May 27. Baptized Pentecost, d. of William Tremain."--Ditto.
+
+    "August 7, 1696. Pentecost, daughter of Mr. Ezekel and Pentecost Hall,
+    merchant, born and baptized."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Noel shared the same fate. The Hundred Rolls furnish a Noel de Aubianis,
+while the "Materials for a History of Henry VII." (p. 503) mentions a
+Nowell Harper:
+
+    "1486, July 16. General pardon to Nowell Harper, late of Boyleston,
+    co. Derby, gent."
+
+    "1545, Dec. 20. Baptized Nowell, son of William Mayhowe."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+    "1580, March 1. Baptized James, son of Nowell Mathew."--Ditto.
+
+    "1627. Petition of Nowell Warner."--"C. S. P. Domestic," 1627-8.
+
+Noel still struggled gamely, and died hard, seeing the eighteenth century
+well in:
+
+    "1706, April 23. Noell Whiteing, son of Noell and Ann Whiteing,
+    linendraper, baptized."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Again the Reformation, apart from Puritanism, had much to do with the
+decay of these names.
+
+
+(_d._) _The Last of some Old Favourites._
+
+There were some old English favourites that the Reformation and the
+English Bible did not immediately crush. Thousands of men were youths when
+the Hebrew invasion set in, and lived unto James's reign. Their names crop
+up, of course, in the burial registers. Others were inclined to be
+tenacious over family favourites. We must be content, in the records of
+Elizabeth's and even James's reign, to find some old friends standing side
+by side with the new. The majority of them were extra-Biblical, and
+therefore did not meet with the same opposition as those that savoured of
+the old ecclesiasticism. Nevertheless, this new fashion was telling on
+them, and of most we may say, "Their places know them no more."
+
+Looking from now back to then, we see this the more clearly. We turn to
+the "Calendar of State Papers," and we find a grant, dated November 5,
+1607, to _Fulk_ Reade to travel four years. Shortly afterwards (July 15,
+1609), we come across a warrant to John Carse, of the benefit of the
+recusancy of _Drew_ Lovett, of the county of Middlesex. Casting our eye
+backwards we speedily reach a grant or warrant in 1603, wherein
+_Gavin_[26] Harvey is mentioned. In 1604 comes _Ingram_ Fyser. One after
+another these names occur within the space of five years--names then,
+although it was well in James's reign, known of all men, and borne
+reputably by many. But who will say that Drew, or Fulk, or Gavin, or
+Ingram are alive now? How they were to be elbowed out of existence these
+very same records tell us; for within the same half-decade we may see
+warrants or grants relating to _Matathias_ Mason (April 7, 1610) or
+_Gersome_ Holmes (January 23, 1608). _Jethro_ Forstall obtains licence,
+November 12, 1604, to dwell in one of the alms-rooms of Canterbury
+Cathedral; while _Melchizedec_ Bradwood receives sole privilege, February
+18, 1608, of printing Jewel's "Defence of the Apology of the English
+Church." The enemy was already within the bastion, and the call for
+surrender was about to be made.
+
+Take another specimen a few years earlier. In the Chancery suits at the
+close of Elizabeth's reign, we find a plaintiff named Goddard Freeman,
+another styled Anketill Brasbridge, a defendant bearing the good old title
+of Frideswide Heysham, while a fourth endeavours to secure his title to
+some property under the signature of Avery Howlatt. Hamlett Holcrofte and
+Hammett Hyde are to be met with (but we have spoken of them), and such
+other personages as Ellice Heye, Morrice Cowles, and Gervase Hatfield.
+Within a few pages' limit we come across Dogory Garry, Digory Greenfield,
+Digory Harrit, and Degory Hollman. These names of Goddard, Anketill,
+Frideswide, Avery, Hamlet, Ellice, Morrice, Gervase, and Digory were on
+everybody's lips when Henry VIII. was king. Who can say that they exist
+now? Only Maurice and Gervase enjoy a precarious existence. A breath of
+popular disregard would blow them out. Avery held out, but in vain:
+
+    "Avery Terrill, cooke at ye Falcon, Lothbury, 1650."--"Tokens of
+    Seventeenth Century."
+
+But what else do we see in these same registers? We are confronted with
+pages bearing such names as Esaye Freeman (Isaiah), or Elizar Audly
+(Eliezer), or Seth Awcocke, or Urias Babington, or Ezekias Brent,--and
+this not forty years after the Reformation. These men must have been
+baptized in the very throes of the great contest.
+
+Another "Calendar of State Papers," bearing dates between 1590 and 1605,
+contains the names of Colet Carey (1580) and Amice Carteret (1599),
+alongside of whom stands Aquila Wyke (1603). Here once more we are
+reminded of two pretty baptismal names that have gone the way of the
+others. It makes one quite sad to think of these national losses. Amice,
+previous to the Reformation, was a household favourite, and Colet a
+perfect pet. Won't somebody come to the rescue? Why on earth should the
+fact that the Bible has been translated out of Latin into English strip us
+of these treasures?
+
+Turn once more to our church registers. Few will recognize Thurstan as a
+baptismal name:
+
+    "1544, May 11. Married Thryston Hogkyn and Letyce Knight."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1573, Nov. 15. Wedding of Thrustone Bufford and Annes Agnes
+    Dyckson."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Drew and Fulk are again found:
+
+    "1583, April 16. Buried Drew Hewat, sonne of Nicholas Hewat.
+
+    "1583, March 8. Buried Foulke Phillip, sonne of Thomas Phillip,
+    grocer."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Take the following, dropped upon hap-hazard as I turn the pages of St.
+Dionis Backchurch:
+
+    "1540, Oct. 25. Buried Jacomyn Swallowe.
+
+    "1543, Aug. 3. Buried Awdrye Hykman.
+
+    "1543, June 12. Married Bonyface Meorys and Jackamyn Kelderly.
+
+    "1546, Nov. 23. Christened Grizill, daughter of--Deyne.
+
+    "1557, Nov. 8. Buried Austin Clarke.
+
+    "1567, April 22. Married Richard Staper and Dennis Hewyt.
+
+    "1573, Sep. 25. Married John Carrington and Gyllian Lovelake.
+
+    "1574, Oct. 23. Buried Joyce, d. of John Bray.
+
+    "1594, Nov. 1. Married Gawyn Browne and Sibbell Halfhed."
+
+So they run. How quaint and pretty they sound to modern ears! Amongst the
+above I have mentioned some girl-names. The change is strongly marked
+here. It was Elizabeth's reign saw the end of Joan. Jane Grey set the
+fashionable Jane going; Joan was relegated to the milkmaid, and very soon
+even the kitchen wench would none of it. Joan is obsolete; Jane is showing
+signs of dissolution.[27]
+
+It was Elizabeth's reign saw the end of Jill, or Gill, which had been the
+pet name of Juliana for three centuries:
+
+    "1586, Feb. 5. Christening of Gillian Jones, daughter of Thomas Jones,
+    grocer."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1573, Sep. 25. Married John Carrington, Cheape, and Gillian
+    Lovelake."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+In one of our earlier mysteries Noah's wife had refused to enter the ark.
+To Noah she had said--
+
+    "Sir, for Jak nor for Gille
+      Wille I turne my face,
+    Tille I have on this hille
+      Spun a space."
+
+It lingered on till the close of James's reign. In 1619 we find in
+"Satyricall Epigrams"--
+
+    "Wille squabbled in a tavern very sore,
+    Because one brought a _gill_ of wine--no more:
+    'Fill me a quart,' quoth he, 'I'm called Will;
+    The proverb is, each _Jacke_ shall have his _Gill_.'"
+
+But Jill had become a term for a common street jade, like Parnel and Nan.
+All these disappeared at this period, and must have sunk into disuse,
+Bible or no Bible. A nanny-house, or simple "nanny," was well known to the
+loose and dissolute of either sex at the close of the sixteenth century.
+Hence, in the ballad "The Two Angrie Women of Abington," Nan Lawson is a
+wanton; while, in "Slippery Will," the hero's inclination for Nan is
+anything but complimentary:
+
+    "Long have I lived a bachelor's life,
+      And had no mind to marry;
+    But now I faine would have a wife,
+      Either Doll, Kate, Sis, or Mary.
+    These four did love me very well,
+      I had my choice of Mary;
+    But one did all the rest excell,
+      And that was pretty Nanny.
+
+    "Sweet Nan did love me deare indeed," etc.
+
+Respectable people, still liking the name, changed it to Nancy, and in
+that form it still lives.
+
+Parnel, the once favourite Petronilla, fell under the same blight as
+Peter, and shared his fate; but her character also ruined her. In the
+registers of St. Peter, Cornhill, we find the following entries:--
+
+    "1539, May 20. Christened Petronilla, ignoti cognominis."
+
+    "1594, Sep. 15. Christening of Parnell Griphin, d. of John Griphin,
+    felt-maker."
+
+    "1586, April 17. Christening of Parnell Averell, d. of William
+    Averell, merchant tailor."
+
+Two other examples may be furnished:--
+
+    "1553, Nov. 15. Peternoll, daughter of William Agar, baptized."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1590, April. Pernell, d. of Antony Barton, of Poplar."--Stepney,
+    London.
+
+The Restoration did not restore Parnel, and the name is gone.
+
+Sibyl had a tremendous run in her day, and narrowly escaped a second epoch
+of favour in the second Charles's reign. Tib and Sib were always placed
+side by side. Burton, speaking of "love melancholy," says--
+
+    "One grows too fat, another too lean: modest Matilda, pretty pleasing
+    Peg, sweet singing Susan, mincing merry Moll, dainty dancing Doll,
+    neat Nancy, jolly Joan, nimble Nell, kissing Kate, bouncing Bess with
+    black eyes, fair Phillis with fine white hands, fiddling Frank, tall
+    Tib, slender Sib, will quickly lose their grace, grow fulsome, stale,
+    sad, heavy, dull, sour, and all at last out of fashion."
+
+The "Psalm of Mercie," too, has it:
+
+    "'So, so,' quoth my sister Bab,
+      And 'Kill 'um,' quoth Margerie;
+    'Spare none,' cry's old Tib; 'No quarter,' says Sib,
+      'And, hey, for our monachie.'"
+
+In "Cocke Lorelle's Bote," one of the personages introduced is--
+
+    "Sibby Sole, mylke wyfe of Islynton."
+
+    "Sibb Smith, near Westgate, Canterbury, 1650."--"Half-penny Tokens of
+    Seventeenth Century."
+
+    "1590, Aug. 30. Christening of Cibell Overton, d. of Lawrence Overton,
+    bowyer."
+
+Three names practically disappeared in this same century--Olive, Jacomyn
+or Jacolin, and Grissel:
+
+    "1581, Feb. 17. Baptized Olyff, daughter of Degorie Stubbs."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1550, Dec. 11. Christning of Grysell, daughter of -- Plummer."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1598, March 15. Buried Jacolyn Backley, widow."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+Olive was a great favourite in the west of England, and was restored by a
+caprice of fashion as Olivia in the eighteenth century. It was the
+property of both sexes, and is often found in the dress of "Olliph,"
+"Olyffe," and "Olif." From being a household pet, Dorothy, as Doll, almost
+disappeared for a while. Doll and Dolly came back in the eighteenth
+century, under the patronage of the royal and stately Dorothea. What a run
+it again had! Dolly is one of the few instances of a really double
+existence. It was the rage from 1450 to 1570; it was overwhelmed with
+favour from 1750 to 1820. Dr. Syntax in his travels meets with three
+Dollys. Napoleon is besought in the rhymes of the day to
+
+                          "quit his folly,
+    Settle in England, and marry Dolly."
+
+Once more Dolly, saving for Dora, has made her bow and exit. I suppose she
+may turn up again about 1990, and all the little girls will be wearing
+Dolly Vardens.
+
+_Barbara_, with its pet Bab, is now of rarest use. _Dowse_, the pretty
+Douce of earlier days, is defunct, and with it the fuller Dowsabel:
+
+    "1565, Sep. 9. Buried Dowse, wife of John Thomas."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+_Joyce_ fought hard, but it was useless:
+
+    "1563, Sep. 8. Buried Joyce, wife of Thomas Armstrong."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1575, April 5. Baptized Joyes, daughter of John Lyttacott."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1652, Aug. 18. Married Joseph Sumner and Joyce Stallowhace."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+_Lettice_ disappeared, to come back as Laetitia in the eighteenth century:
+
+    "1587, June 19. Married Richard Evannes and Lettis Warren."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+_Amery_, or _Emery_, the property of either sex, lost place:
+
+    "1584, April 9. Buried Amery Martin, widow, of Wilsdon."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1668. Emerre Bradley, baker, Hartford."--"Tokens of Seventeenth
+    Century."
+
+_Avice_ shared the same fate:
+
+    "Avis Kingston and Amary Clerke, widow, applied for arrears of pay due
+    to their husbands, May 13, 1656."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1590-1, Jan. Christened Avis, d. of Philip Cliff."--Stepney.
+
+    "1600, Feb. 6. Baptized Avice, daughter of Thomas Bennett."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1623, August 5. Christened Thomas, the sonne of James Jennets, and
+    Avice his wife."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Thomasine requires a brief notice. Coming into use as a fancy name about
+1450, it seems to have met with no opposition, and for a century and a
+half was a decided success. It became familiar to every district in
+England, north or south, and is found in the registers of out-of-the-way
+villages in Derbyshire, as plentifully as in those of the metropolitan
+churches:
+
+    "1538, Nov. 30. Married Edward Bashe and Thomeson Agar."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1582, Nov. 1. Baptized Tamson, daughter of Richard Hodge."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1622, Jan. 19. Christened Thomas, the sonne of Henery Thomson,
+    haberdasher, and of Thomazine his wife."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1620, Jan. 21. Baptized Johanna, fil. Tamsin Smith,
+    adulterina."--Minster.
+
+    "1640, Jan. 31. Buried Thomasing, filia William Sympson."--Wirksworth,
+    Derbyshire.
+
+In other registers such forms as Thomasena, Thomesin, Thomazin, Tomasin,
+and Thomasin occur. In Cowley's "Chronicle," too, the name is found:
+
+    "Then Jone and Jane and Audria,
+      And then a pretty Thomasine,
+      And then another Katharine,
+    And then a long et caetera."
+
+
+V. THE GENERAL CONFUSION.
+
+But what a state of confusion does all this reveal! By the time of the
+Commonwealth, there was the choice of three methods of selection open to
+the English householder in this matter of names. He might copy the zealot
+faction, and select his names from the Scriptures or the category of
+Christian graces; he might rally by the old English gentleman, who at this
+time was generally a Cavalier, and Dick, Tom, Harry, or Dolly, his
+children; or he might be careless about the whole matter, and mix the two,
+according to his caprice or fancy. That Royalist had no bad conception of
+the state of society in 1648, when he turned off verses such as these:
+
+    "And Greenwich shall be for tenements free
+      For saints to possess Pell-Mell,
+    And where all the sport is at Hampton Court
+      Shall be for ourselves to dwell.
+    _Chorus._ ''Tis blessed,' quoth Bathsheba,
+                 And Clemence, 'We're all agreed.'
+              ''Tis right,' quoth Gertrude, 'And fit,' says sweet Jude,
+                 And Thomasine, 'Yea, indeed.'
+
+    "What though the king proclaims
+      Our meetings no more shall be;
+    In private we may hold forth the right way,
+      And be, as we should be, free.
+    _Chorus._ 'O very well said,' quoth Con;
+                 'And so will I do,' says Franck;
+              And Mercy cries, 'Aye,' and Mat, 'Really,'
+                 'And I'm o' that mind,' quoth Thank."
+
+As we shall show in our next chapter, "Thank" was no imaginary name,
+coined to meet the exigencies of rhyme. Thanks, however, to the good sense
+of the nation, an effort was made in behalf of such old favourites as
+John, William, Richard, Robert, and Thomas. So early as 1643, Thomas
+Adams, Puritan as he was, had delivered himself in a London pulpit to the
+effect that "he knew 'Williams' and 'Richards' who, though they bore names
+not found in sacred story, but familiar to the country, were as gracious
+saints" as any who bore names found in it ("Meditations upon the Creed").
+The Cavalier, we know, had deliberately stuck by the old names. A
+political skit, already referred to, after running through a list of all
+the new-fangled names introduced by the fanatics, concludes:
+
+    "They're just like the Gadaren's swine,
+        Which the devils did drive and bewitch:
+      An herd set on evill
+      Will run to the de-vill
+        And his dam when their tailes do itch.
+      'Then let 'em run on!'
+      Says Ned, Tom, and John.
+    'Ay, let 'um be hanged!' quoth Mun:
+      'They're mine,' quoth old Nick,
+      'And take 'um,' says Dick,
+    'And welcome!' quoth worshipful Dun.
+      'And God blesse King Charles!' quoth George,
+        'And save him,' says Simon and Sill;
+      'Aye, aye,' quoth old Cole and each loyall soul,
+        'And Amen, and Amen!' cries Will."
+
+Another ballad, lively and free as the other, published in 1648, and
+styled "The Anarchie, or the Blest Reformation," after railing at the
+confusion of things in general, and names in particular, concludes with
+the customary jolly old English flourish:
+
+    "'A health to King Charles!' says Tom;
+      'Up with it,' says Ralph like a man;
+    'God bless him,' says Moll, 'And raise him,' says Doll,
+      'And send him his owne,' says Nan."
+
+The Restoration practically ended the conflict, but it was a truce; for
+both sides, so far as nomenclature is concerned, retained trophies of
+victory, and, on the whole, the Hebrew was the gainer. At the start he had
+little to lose, and he has filled the land with titles that had lain in
+abeyance for four thousand years. The old English yeoman has lost many of
+his most honoured cognomens, but he can still, at least, boast one thing.
+The two names that were foremost before the middle of the twelfth century
+stand at this moment in the same position. Out of every hundred children
+baptized in England, thirteen are entered in the register as John or
+William. The Cavalier, too, can boast that "Charles,"[28] although there
+were not more of that name throughout the length and breadth of England at
+the beginning of Elizabeth's reign than could be counted on the fingers of
+one hand, now occupies the sixth place among male baptismal names.
+
+Several names, now predominant, were for various reasons lifted above the
+contest. George holds the fourth position among boys; Mary and Elizabeth,
+the first and second among girls. George dates all his popularity from the
+last century, and Mary was in danger of becoming obsolete at the close of
+Elizabeth's reign, so hateful had it become to Englishmen, whether
+Churchmen or Presbyterians. It was at this time Philip, too, lost a place
+it can never recover. But the fates came to the rescue of Mary, when the
+Prince of Orange landed at Torbay, and sate with James's daughter on
+England's throne. It has been first favourite ever since. As for
+Elizabeth, a chapter might be written upon it. Just known, and no more, at
+the beginning of the sixteenth century, it was speedily popularized in the
+"daughter of the Reformation." The Puritans, in spite of persecution and
+other provocations, were ever true to "Good Queen Bess." The name, too,
+was scriptural, and had not been mixed up with centuries of Romish
+superstition. Elizabeth ruled supreme, and was contorted and twisted into
+every conceivable shape that ingenuity could devise. It narrowly escaped
+the diminutive desinence, for Ezot and Ezota occur to my knowledge four
+times in records between 1500 and 1530. But Bess and Bessie took up the
+running, and, a century later, Bett and Betty. It will surprise almost all
+my readers, I suspect, to know that the "Lady Bettys" of the early part of
+last century were never, or rarely ever, christened Elizabeth. Queen
+Anne's reign, even William and Mary's reign, saw the fashionable rage for
+Latinized forms, already referred to, setting in. Elizabeth was turned
+into Bethia and Betha:
+
+    "1707, Jan. 2. Married Will{m}. Simonds and Bethia Ligbourne."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1721. Married Charles Bawden to Bethia Thornton."--Somerset House
+    Chapel.
+
+    "1748. Married Adam Allyn to Bethia Lee."[29]--Ditto.
+
+The familiar form of this was Betty:
+
+    "Betty Trevor, wife of the Hon. John Trevor, eldest d. of Sir Thomas
+    Frankland, of Thirkleby, in the county of York, Baronet, ob. Dec. 28,
+    1742, aetat. 25."--"Suss. Arch. Coll.," xvii. 148.
+
+Bess was forgotten, and it was not till the present century that, Betty
+having become the property of the lower orders, who had soon learnt to
+copy their betters, the higher classes fell back once more on the Bessie
+of Reformation days.
+
+Meanwhile other freaks of fancy had a turn. Bessie and Betty were dropped
+into a mill, and ground out as Betsy. This, after a while, was relegated
+to the peasantry and artisans north of Trent. Then Tetty and Tetsy had an
+innings. Dr. Johnson always called his wife Tetty. Writing March 28, 1753,
+he says--
+
+    "I kept this day as the anniversary of my Tetty's death, with prayer
+    and tears in the morning."
+
+Eliza arose before Elizabeth died; was popular in the seventeenth, much
+resorted to in the eighteenth, and is still familiar in the nineteenth
+century. Thomas Nash, in "Summer's Last Will and Testament," has the
+audacity to speak of the queen as--
+
+        "that Eliza, England's beauteous queen,
+    On whom all seasons prosperously attend."
+
+Dr. Johnson, in an epigram anent Colley Cibber and George II., says--
+
+    "Augustus still survives in Maro's strain,
+    And Spenser's verse prolongs Eliza's reign."
+
+But by the lexicographer's day, the poorer classes had ceased to
+recognize that Eliza and Betty were parts of one single name. They took up
+each on her own account, as a separate name, and thus Betty and Eliza were
+commonly met with in the same household. This is still frequently seen.
+The _Spectator_, the other day, furnished a list of our commonest font
+names, wherein Elizabeth is placed fourth, with 4610 representatives in
+every 100,000 of the population. Looking lower down, we find "Eliza"
+ranked in the twenty-first place with 1507. This is scarcely fair. The two
+ought to be added together; at least, it perpetuates a misconception.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+PURITAN ECCENTRICITIES.
+
+    "And we have known Williams and Richards, names not found in sacred
+    story, but familiar to our country, prove as gracious saints as any
+    Safe-deliverance, Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, or such like, which
+    have been rather descriptions than names."--THOMAS ADAMS, _Meditations
+    upon the Creed_, 1629.
+
+    "In giving names to children, it was their opinion that _heathenish
+    names_ should be avoided, as not so fit for Christians; and also the
+    names of God, and Christ, and angels, and the peculiar offices of the
+    Mediator,"--NEAL, _History of the Puritans_, vol. 1, ch. v. 1565.
+
+
+I. INTRODUCTORY.
+
+There are still many people who are sceptical about the stories told
+against the Puritans in the matter of name-giving. Of these some are
+Nonconformists, who do not like the slights thus cast upon their spiritual
+ancestry; unaware that while this curious phase was at its climax,
+Puritanism was yet within the pale of the Church of England. Others,
+having searched through the lists of the Protector's Parliaments,
+Commissioners, and army officers, and having found but a handful of odd
+baptismal names, declare, without hesitation, that these stories are
+wicked calumnies. Mr. Peacock, whose book on the "Army Lists of Roundheads
+and Cavaliers" is well worth study, says, in one of the numbers of _Notes
+and Queries_--
+
+    "I know modern writers have repeated the same thing over and over
+    again; but I do not remember any trustworthy evidence of the
+    Commonwealth time, or that of Charles II., that would lead us to
+    believe that strange christian names were more common in those days
+    than now. What passages have we on this subject in the works of the
+    Restoration playwrights?"
+
+This is an old mistake. If Mr. Peacock had looked at our registers from
+1580 to 1640, instead of from 1640 to 1680, he would never have written
+the above. There is the most distinct evidence that during the latter
+portion of Elizabeth's reign, the whole of James's reign, and great part
+of Charles's reign, in a district roughly comprising England south of the
+Trent, and having, say, Banbury for its centre, there prevailed, amongst a
+certain class of English religionists, a practice of baptizing children by
+scriptural phrases, pious ejaculations, or godly admonitions. It was a
+practice instituted of deliberate purpose, as conducive to vital religion,
+and as intending to separate the truly godly and renewed portion of the
+community from the world at large. The Reformation epoch had seen the
+English middle and lower classes generally adopting the proper names of
+Scripture. Thus, the sterner Puritan had found a list of Bible names that
+he would gladly have monopolized, shared in by half the English
+population. That a father should style his child Nehemiah, or Abacuck, or
+Tabitha, or Dorcas, he discovered with dismay, did not prove that that
+particular parent was under any deep conviction of sin. This began to
+trouble the minds and consciences of the elect. Fresh limits must be
+created. As Richard and Roger had given way to Nathaniel and Zerrubabel,
+so Nathaniel and Zerrubabel must now give way to _Learn-wisdom_ and
+_Hate-evil_. Who inaugurated the movement, with what success, and how it
+slowly waned, this chapter will show.
+
+There can be no doubt that it is entirely owing to Praise-God Barebone,
+and the Parliament that went by his name,[30] the impression got abroad in
+after days that the Commonwealth period was the heyday of these
+eccentricities, and that these remarkable names were merely adopted after
+conversion, and were not entered in the vestry-books as baptismal names at
+all.
+
+The existence of these names could not escape the attention of Lord
+Macaulay and Sir Walter Scott. The Whig historian has referred to
+Tribulation Wholesome and Zeal-of-the-land Busy almost as frequently as to
+that fourth-form boy for whose average (!) abilities to the very end of
+his literary life he entertained such a profound respect. Two quotations
+will suffice. In his "Comic Dramatists of the Restoration" he says,
+speaking of the Commonwealth--
+
+    "To know whether a man was really godly was impossible. But it was
+    easy to know whether he had a plain dress, lank hair, no starch in his
+    linen, no gay furniture in his house; whether he talked through his
+    nose, and showed the whites of his eyes; whether he named his children
+    _Assurance_, _Tribulation_, and _Maher-shalal-hash-baz_."
+
+Again, in his Essay on Croker's "Boswell's Life of Johnson," he declares--
+
+    "Johnson could easily see that a Roundhead who named all his children
+    after Solomon's singers, and talked in the House of Commons about
+    seeking the Lord, might be an unprincipled villain, whose religious
+    mummeries only aggravated his fault."
+
+In "Woodstock," Scott has such characters as _Zerrubabel_ Robins and
+_Merciful_ Strickalthrow, both soldiers of Oliver Cromwell; while the
+zealot ranter is one _Nehemiah_ Holdenough. Mr. Peacock most certainly has
+grounds for complaint here, but not as to facts, only dates.
+
+
+II. ORIGINATED BY THE PRESBYTERIAN CLERGY.
+
+In Strype's "Life of Whitgift" (i. 255) we find the following statement:--
+
+    "I find yet again another company of these fault-finders with the Book
+    of Common Prayer, in another diocese, namely, that of Chichester,
+    whose names and livings were these: William Hopkinson, vicar of
+    Salehurst; Samuel Norden, parson of Hamsey; Antony Hobson, vicar of
+    Leominster; Thomas Underdown, parson of St. Mary's in Lewes; John
+    Bingham, preacher of Hodeleigh; Thomas Heley, preacher of Warbleton;
+    John German, vicar of Burienam; and Richard Whiteaker, vicar of
+    Ambreley."
+
+I follow up the history of but two of these ministers, Hopkinson of
+Salehurst, and Heley of Warbleton. Suspended by the commissary, they were
+summoned to Canterbury, December 6, 1583, and subscribed. Both being
+married men, with young families, we may note their action in regard to
+name-giving. The following are to be found in the register at Salehurst:
+
+    "Maye 3, 1579, was baptized Persis (Rom. xvi. 12), the daughter of
+    William Hopkinson, minister heare.
+
+    "June 18, 1587, was baptized Stedfast, the sonne of Mr. William Bell,
+    minister.
+
+    "Nov. 3, 1588, was baptized Renewed, the doughter of William
+    Hopkinson, minister.
+
+    "Feb. 28, 1591, was baptized Safe-on-Highe, the sonne of Will{m}.
+    Hopkinson, minister of the Lord's Worde there.[31]
+
+    "Oct. 29, 1596. Constant, filia Thomae Lorde, baptisata fuit.
+
+    "March, 1621. Rejoyce, filia Thomae Lorde, baptisata fuit die 10, et
+    sepulta die 23.
+
+    "November, 1646. Bethshua, doughter of Mr. John Lorde, minister of
+    Salehurst, bapt. 22 die."
+
+These entries are of the utmost importance; they begin at the very date
+when the new custom arose, and are patronized by three ministers in
+succession--possibly four, if Thomas Lorde was also a clergyman.
+
+Heley's case is yet more curious. He had been prescribing grace-names for
+his flock shortly before the birth of his first child. He thus practises
+upon his own offspring:
+
+    "Nov. 7, 1585. Muche-merceye, the sonne of Thomas Hellye, minyster.
+
+    "March 26, 1587. Increased, the dather of Thomas Helly, minister.
+
+    "Maye 5, 1588. Sin-denie, the dather of Thomas Helly, minister.
+
+    "Maye 25, 1589. Fear-not, the sonne of Thomas Helly, minister."
+
+Under rectorial pressure the villagers followed suit; and for half a
+century Warbleton was, in the names of its parishioners, a complete
+exegesis of justification by faith without the deeds of the law.
+_Sorry-for-sin_ Coupard was a peripatetic exhortation to repentance, and
+_No-merit_ Vynall was a standing denunciation of works. No register in
+England is better worth a pilgrimage to-day than Warbleton.[32]
+
+Still confining our attention to Sussex and Kent, we come to Berwick:
+
+    "1594, Dec. 22. Baptized Continent, daughter of Hugh Walker, vicar.
+
+    "1602, Dec. 12. Baptized Christophilus, son of Hugh Walker."--Berwick,
+    Sussex.
+
+I think the father ought to be whipped most incontinently in the open
+market who would inflict such a name on an infant daughter. They did not
+think so then. The point, however, is that the father was incumbent of the
+parish.
+
+A more historic instance may be given. John Frewen, Puritan rector of
+Northiam, Sussex, from 1583 to 1628, and author of "Grounds and Principles
+of the Christian Religion," had two sons, at least, baptized in his
+church. The dates tally exactly with the new custom:
+
+    "1588, May 26. Baptized Accepted, sonne of John Frewen.
+
+    "1591, Sep. 5. Baptized Thankful, sonne of John Frewen."--Northiam,
+    Sussex.
+
+_Accepted_[33] died Archbishop of York, being prebend designate of
+Canterbury so early as 1620:
+
+    "1620, Sep. 8. Grant in reversion to Accepted Frewen of a prebend in
+    Canterbury Cathedral."--"C. S. P. Dom."
+
+One more instance before we pass on. In two separate wills, dated 1602
+and 1604 (folio 25, Montagu, "Prerog. Ct. of Cant.," and folio 25, Harte,
+ditto), will be found references to "More-fruite and Faint-not, children
+of Dudley Fenner, minister of the Word of God" at Marden, in Kent.
+
+Now, this Dudley Fenner was a thoroughly worthy man, but a fanatic of most
+intolerant type. In 1583 we find him at Cranbrook, in Kent. An account of
+his sayings and doings was forwarded, says Strype, to Lord Burghley, who
+himself marked the following passage:--
+
+    "Ye shall pray also that God would strike through the sides of all
+    such as go about to take away from the ministers of the Gospel the
+    liberty which is granted them by the Word of God."
+
+But a curious note occurs alongside this passage in Lord Burghley's hand:
+
+    "Names given in baptism by Dudley Fenner: Joy-againe, From-above,
+    More-fruit, Dust."--Whitgift, i. p. 247.
+
+Two of these names were given to his own children, as Cranbrook register
+shows to this day:
+
+    "1583, Dec. 22. Baptized More-fruit, son of Mr. Dudley Fenner."
+
+    "1585, June 6. Baptized Faint-not, fil. Mr. Dudley Fenner, concional
+    digniss."
+
+Soon after this Dudley Fenner again got into trouble through his sturdy
+spirit of nonconformity. After an imprisonment of twelve months, he fled
+to Middleborough, in Holland, and died there about 1589.
+
+The above incident from Strype is interesting, for here manifestly is the
+source whence Camden derived his information upon the subject. In his
+quaint "Remaines," published thirty years later (1614), after alluding to
+the Latin names then in vogue, he adds:
+
+    "As little will be thought of the new names, Free-Gift, Reformation,
+    Earth, Dust, Ashes, Delivery, More-fruit, Tribulation,
+    The-Lord-is-near, More-triale, Discipline, Joy-againe, From-above,
+    which have lately been given by some to their children, with no evill
+    meaning, but upon some singular and precise conceite."
+
+Very likely Lord Burghley gave Fenner's selection to the great antiquary.
+
+Coming into London, the following case occurs. John Press was incumbent of
+St. Matthew, Friday Street, from 1573 to 1612:
+
+    "1584. Baptized Purifie, son of Mr. John Presse, parson."
+
+John Bunyan's great character name of _Hopeful_ is to be seen in Banbury
+Church register. But such an eccentricity is to be expected in the parish
+over which Wheatley presided, the head-quarters, too, of extravagant
+Puritanism. We all remember drunken Barnaby:
+
+    "To Banbury came I, O prophane one!
+    Where I saw a Puritane one,
+    Hanging of his cat on Monday
+    For killing of a mouse on Sunday."
+
+But the point I want to emphasize is that this _Hopeful_ was Wheatley's
+own daughter:
+
+    "1604, Dec. 21. Baptized Hope-full, daughter of William Wheatlye."
+
+Take a run from Banbury into Leicestershire. A stern Puritan was Antony
+Grey, "parson and patron" of Burbach; and he continued "a constant and
+faithfull preacher of the Gospell of Jesus Christ, even to his extreame
+old age, and for some yeares after he was Earle of Kent," as his tombstone
+tells us. He had twelve children, and their baptismal entries are worth
+recording:
+
+    "1593, April 29. Grace, daughter of Mr. Anthonie Grey.
+
+    "1594, Nov. 28. Henry, son of ditto.
+
+    "1596, Nov. 16. Magdalen, daughter of ditto.
+
+    "1598, May 8. Christian, daughter of ditto.
+
+    "1600, Feb. 2. Faith-my-joy, daughter of ditto.[34]
+
+    "1603, April 3. John, son of ditto.
+
+    "1604, Feb. 23. Patience, daughter of Myster Anthonie Grey, preacher.
+
+    "1606, Oct. 5. Jobe, son of ditto.
+
+    "1608, May 1. Theophilus, son of ditto.
+
+    "1609, March 14. Priscilla, daughter of ditto (died).
+
+    "1613, Sept. 19. Nathaniel, son of ditto.
+
+    "1615, May 7. Presela, daughter of ditto."
+
+Why old Antony was persuaded of the devil to christen his second child by
+the ungodly agnomen of Henry, we are not informed. It must have given him
+many a twinge of conscience afterwards.
+
+Had the Puritan clergy confined these vagaries to their own nurseries, it
+would not have mattered much. But there can be no doubt they used their
+influence to bias the minds of godparents and witnesses in the same
+direction. We have only to pitch upon a minister who came under the
+archbishop's or Lord Treasurer's notice as disaffected, seek out the
+church over which he presided, scan the register of baptisms during the
+years of his incumbency, and a batch of extravagant names will at once be
+unearthed. In the villages of Sussex and Kent, where the personal
+influence of the recalcitrant clergy seems to have been greatest, the
+parochial records teem with them.
+
+Thus was the final stage of fanaticism reached, the year 1580 being as
+nearly as possible the exact date of its development. Thus were English
+people being prepared for the influx of a large batch of names which had
+never been seen before, nor will be again. The purely Biblical names,
+those that commemorated Bible worthies, swept over the whole country, and
+left ineffaceable impressions. The second stage of Puritan excess, names
+that savour of eccentricity and fanaticism combined, scarcely reached
+England north of Trent, and, for lack of volume, have left but the
+faintest traces. They lasted long enough to cover what may be fairly
+called an epoch, and extended just far enough to embrace a province. The
+epoch was a hundred years, and the province was from Kent to Hereford,
+making a small arc northwards, so as to take in Bedfordshire,
+Leicestershire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire. The practice, so far as
+the bolder examples is concerned, was a _deliberate scheme_ on the part of
+the Presbyterian clergy. On this point the evidence is in all respects
+conclusive.
+
+
+III. CURIOUS NAMES NOT PURITAN.
+
+Several names found in the registers at this time, though commonly
+ascribed to the zealots, must be placed under a different category. For
+instance, original sin and the Ninth Article would seem to be commemorated
+in such a name as Original. We may reject Camden's theory:
+
+    "Originall may seem to be deducted from the Greek _origines_, that is,
+    borne in good time,"
+
+inasmuch as he does not appear to have believed in it himself. The name,
+as a matter of fact, was given in the early part of the sixteenth century,
+in certain families of position, to the eldest son and heir, denoting that
+in him was carried on the original stock. The Bellamys of Lambcote Grange,
+Stainton, are a case in point. The eldest son for three generations bore
+the name; viz. _Original_ Bellamy, buried at Stainton, September 12,
+1619, aged 80; _Original_, his son and heir, the record of whose death I
+cannot find; and _Original_, his son and heir, who was baptized December
+29, 1606. The first of these must have been born in 1539, far too early a
+date for the name to be fathered upon the Puritans. _Original_ was in use
+in the family of Babington, of Rampton. Original Babington, son and heir
+of John Babington, was a contemporary of the first Original Bellamy
+(Nicholl's "Gen. et Top.," viii.).
+
+Another instance occurs later on:
+
+    "1635, May 21. These under-written names are to be transported to St.
+    Christopher's, imbarqued in the _Matthew_ of London, Richard Goodladd,
+    master, per warrant from ye Earle of Carlisle:
+
+    "Originall Lowis, 28 yeres," etc.--Hotten's "Emigrants," p. 81.
+
+_Sense_, a common name in Elizabeth and James's reigns, looks closely
+connected with some of the abstract virtues, such as Prudence and
+Temperance. The learned compiler of the "Calendar of State Papers"
+(1637-38) seems to have been much bothered with the name:
+
+    "1638, April 23. Petition of Seuce Whitley, widow of Thomas Whitley,
+    citizen, and grocer."
+
+The suggestion from the editorial pen is that this Seuce (as he prints it)
+is a bewildered spelling of Susey, from Susan! The fact is, Seuce is a
+bewildered misreading on the compiler's part of Sense, and Sense is an
+English dress of the foreign Senchia, or Sancho, still familiar to us in
+Sancho Panza. Several of the following entries will prove that Sense was
+too early an inmate of our registers to be a Puritan agnomen:
+
+    "1564, Oct. 15. Baptized Saints, d. of Francis Muschamp.
+
+    "1565, Nov. 25. Buried Sence, d. of ditto.
+
+    "1559, June 13. Married Matthew Draper and Sence Blackwell.
+
+    "1570-1, Jan. 15. Baptized Sence, d. of John Bowyer."--Camberwell
+    Church.
+
+    "1651. Zanchy Harvyn, Grocer's Arms, Abbey Milton."--"Tokens of
+    Seventeenth Century."
+
+    "1661, June. Petition of Mrs. Zanchy Mark."--C. S. P.
+
+That it was familiar to Camden in 1614 is clear:
+
+    "Sanchia, from Sancta, that is, Holy."--"Remaines," p. 88.
+
+The name became obsolete by the close of the seventeenth century, and,
+being a saintly title, was sufficiently odious to the Presbyterians to be
+carefully rejected by them in the sixteenth century. Men who refused the
+Apostles their saintly title were not likely to stamp the same for life on
+weak flesh.[35]
+
+Nor can _Emanuel_, or _Angel_, be brought as charges against the Puritans.
+Both flatly contradicted Cartwright's canon; yet both, and especially the
+former, have been attributed to the zealots. No names could have been
+more offensive to them than these. Even Adams, in his "Meditations upon
+the Creed," while attacking his friends on their eccentricity in
+preferring "Safe-deliverance" to "Richard," takes care to rebuke those on
+the other side, who would introduce _Emanuel_, or even _Gabriel_ or
+_Michael_, into their nurseries:
+
+    "Some call their sons _Emanuel_: this is too bold. The name is proper
+    to Christ, therefore not to be communicated to any creature."
+
+_Emanuel_ was imported from the Continent about 1500:
+
+    "1545, March 19. Baptized Humphrey, son of Emanuell Roger."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+The same conclusion must be drawn regarding _Angel_. Adams continues:
+
+    "Yea, it seems to me not fit for Christian humility to call a man
+    _Gabriel_ or _Michael_, giving the names of angels to the sons of
+    mortality."
+
+If the Puritans objected, as they did to a man, to the use of Gabriel and
+Michael as angelic names, the generic term itself would be still more
+objectionable:
+
+    "1645, Nov. 13. Buried Miss Angela Boyce."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1682, April 11. Baptized Angel, d. of Sir Nicholas Butler,
+    K{nt}."--St. Helen, Bishopgate.
+
+    "Weymouth, March 20, 1635. Embarked for New England: Angell Holland,
+    aged 21 years."--Hotten's "Emigrants," p. 285.
+
+In this case we may presume the son, and not the father, had turned
+Puritan.
+
+A curious custom, which terminated soon after Protestantism was
+established in England, gave rise to several names which read oddly enough
+to modern eyes. These were titles like Vitalis or Creature--names
+applicable to either sex. Mr. Maskell, without furnishing instances, says
+Creature occurs in the registers of All-Hallows, Barking ("Hist.
+All-Hallows," p. 62). In the vestry-books of Staplehurst, Kent, are
+registered:
+
+    "1 Edward VI. Apryle xxvii., there were borne ii. childre of Alex'nder
+    Beeryl: the one christened at home, and so deceased, called Creature;
+    the other christened at church, called John."--Burns, "History of
+    Parish Registers," p. 81.
+
+    "1550, Nov. 5. Buried Creature, daughter of Agnes Mathews, syngle
+    woman, the seconde childe.
+
+    "1579, July 19. Married John Haffynden and Creature Cheseman, yong
+    folke."--Staplehurst, Kent.
+
+One instance of _Vitalis_ may be given:
+
+    "Vitalis, son of Richard Engaine, and Sara his wife, released his
+    manor of Dagworth in 1217 to Margery de Cressi."--Blomefield's
+    "Norfolk," vi. 382, 383.
+
+These are not Puritan names. The dates are against the theory. They belong
+to a pre-Reformation practice, being names given to _quick children before
+birth_, in cases when it was feared, from the condition of the mother,
+they might not be delivered alive. Being christened before the sex could
+be known, it was necessary to affix a neutral name, and Vitalis or
+Creature answered the purpose. The old Romish rubric ran thus:
+
+    "Nemo in utero matris clausus baptizari debet, sed si infans caput
+    emiserit, et periculum mortis immineat, baptizetur in capite, nec
+    postea si vivus evaserit, erit iterum baptizandus. At si aliud membrum
+    emiserit, quod vitalem indicet motum in illo, si periculum pendeat
+    baptizetur," etc.
+
+Vitalis Engaine and Creature Cheeseman, in the above instances, both
+lived, but, by the law just quoted, retained the names given to them, and
+underwent no second baptism. If the sex of the yet breathing child was
+discovered, but death certain, the name of baptism ran thus:
+
+    "1563, July 17. Baptizata fuit in aedibus Mri Humfrey filia ejus quae
+    nominata fuit Creatura Christi."--St. Peter in the East, Oxford.
+
+    "1563, July 17. Creatura Christi, filia Laurentii Humfredi
+    sepulta."--Ditto.
+
+An English form occurs earlier:
+
+    "1561, June 30. The Chylde-of-God, filius Ric. Stacey."--Ditto.
+
+Without entering into controversy, I will only say that if the clergy, up
+to the time of the alteration in our Article on Baptism, truly believed
+that "insomuch as infants, and children dying in their infancy, shall
+undoubtedly be saved thereby (_i.e._ baptism), _and else not_," it was
+natural that such a delicate ceremonial as I have hinted at should have
+suggested itself to their minds. After the Reformation, the practice as to
+unborn children fell into desuetude, and the names with it.
+
+
+IV. INSTANCES.
+
+(_a._) _Latin Names._
+
+The elder Disraeli reminded us, in his "Curiosities of Literature," that
+in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries it was common for our more
+learned pundits to re-style themselves in their own studies by Greek and
+Latin names. Some of these--as, for instance, Erasmus[36] and
+Melancthon--are only known to the world at large by their adopted titles.
+
+The Reformation had not become an accomplished fact before this custom
+began to prevail in England, only it was transferred from the study to the
+font, and from scholars to babies. Renovata, Renatus, Donatus, and Beata
+began to grow common. Camden, writing in 1614, speaks of still stranger
+names--
+
+    "If that any among us have named their children Remedium, Amoris,
+    'Imago-saeculi,' or with such-like names, I know some will think it
+    more than a vanity."--"Remaines," p. 44.
+
+While, however, the Presbyterian clergy did not object to some of these
+Latin sobriquets, as being identical with the names of early believers of
+the Primitive Church, stamped in not a few instances with the honours of
+martyrdom, they preferred to translate them into English. Many of my
+examples of eccentricity will be found to be nothing more than literal
+translations of names that had been in common vogue among Christians
+twelve and thirteen hundred years before. To the majority of the Puritan
+clergy, to change the Latin dress for an English equivalent would be as
+natural and imperative as the adoption of Tyndale's or the Genevan Bible
+in the place of the Latin Vulgate.
+
+A curious, though somewhat later, proof of this statement is met with in a
+will from the Probate Court of Peterborough. The testator was one Theodore
+Closland, senior fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. The date is June
+24, 1665:
+
+    "Item: to What-God-will Crosland, forty shillings, and tenn shillings
+    to his wife. And to his sonne What-God-will, six pound, thirteen
+    shillings, fourpence."
+
+This is a manifest translation of the early Christian "Quod-vult-deus."
+Grainger, in his "History of England" (iii. 360, fifth edition), says--
+
+    "In Montfaucon's 'Diarium Italicum' (p. 270), is a sepulchral
+    inscription of the year 396, upon Quod-vult-deus, a Christian, to
+    which is a note: 'Hoc aevo non pauci erant qui piis sententiolis nomina
+    propria concinnarent, _v.g._ Quod-vult-deus, Deogratias, Habet-deum,
+    Adeodatus.'"
+
+Closland, or Crosland, the grandfather, was evidently a Puritan, with a
+horror of the Latin Vulgate, Latin Pope, and Latin everything. Hence the
+translation.
+
+Nevertheless, the Puritans seem to have favoured Latin names at first. It
+was a break between the familiar sound of the old and the oddity of the
+new. Redemptus was less grotesque than Redeemed, and Renata than Renewed.
+The English equivalents soon ruled supreme, but for a generation or two,
+and in some cases for a century, the Latin names went side by side with
+them.
+
+Take Renatus, for instance:
+
+    "1616, Sep. 29. Baptized Renatus, son of Renatus Byllett, gent."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1637-8, Jan. 12. Order of Council to Renatus Edwards, girdler, to
+    shut up his shop in Lombard Street, because he is not a goldsmith.
+
+    "1690, April 10. Petition of Renatus Palmer, who prays to be appointed
+    surveyor in the port of Dartmouth."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1659, Nov. 11. Baptized Renovata, the daughter of John
+    Durance."--Cant. Cath.
+
+It was Renatus Harris who built the organ in All-Hallows, Barking, in 1675
+("Hist. All-Hallows, Barking," Maskell). Renatus and Rediviva occur in St.
+Matthew, Friday Street, circa 1590. Rediviva lingered into the eighteenth
+century:
+
+    "1735, ----. Buried Rediviva Mathews."--Banbury.
+
+Desiderata and Desiderius were being used at the close of Elizabeth's
+reign, and survived the restoration of Charles II.:
+
+    "1671, May 26. Baptized Desiderius Dionys, a poor child found in Lyme
+    Street."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Donatus and Deodatus, also, were Latin names on English soil before the
+seventeenth century came in:
+
+    "1616, Jan. 29. Baptized Donate, vel Deonata, daughter of Martyn
+    Donnacombe."--St. Columb Major.
+
+Desire and Given,[37] the equivalents, both crossed the Atlantic with the
+Pilgrim Fathers.
+
+_Love_ was popular. Side by side with it went _Amor_. George Fox, in his
+"Journal," writing in 1670, says--
+
+    "When I was come to Enfield, I went first to visit Amor Stoddart, who
+    lay very weak and almost speechless. Within a few days Amor
+    died."--Ed. 1836, ii. 129.
+
+In Ripon Cathedral may be seen:
+
+    "Amor Oxley, died Nov. 23, 1773, aged 74."
+
+The name still exists in Yorkshire, but no other county, I imagine.
+
+Other instances could be mentioned.[38] I place a few in order:
+
+    "1594, Aug. 3. Baptized Relictus Dunstane, a childe found in this
+    parisshe."--St. Dunstan.
+
+    "1613, Nov. 7. Baptized Beata, d. of Mr. John Briggs,
+    minister."--Witherley, Leic.
+
+    "1653, Sep. 29. Married Richard Moone to Benedicta Rolfe."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1661, May 25. Married Edward Clayton and Melior[39] Billinge."--St.
+    Dionis, Backchurch.
+
+    "1706. Beata Meetkirke, born Nov. 2, 1705; died Sep. 10,
+    1706."--Rushden, Hereford.
+
+
+(_b._) _Grace Names._
+
+In furnishing instances, we naturally begin with those grace names, in all
+cases culled from the registers of the period, which belong to what we may
+style the first stage. They were, one by one, but taken from the lists
+found in the New Testament, and were probably suggested at the outset by
+the moralities or interludes. The morality went between the old
+miracle-play, or mystery, and the regular drama. In "Every Man," written
+in the reign of Henry VIII., it is made a vehicle for retaining the love
+of the people for the old ways, the old worship, and the old
+superstitions. From the time of Edward VI. to the middle of Elizabeth's
+reign, there issued a cluster of interludes of this same moral type and
+cast; only all breathed of the new religion, and more or less assaulted
+the dogmas of Rome.
+
+These moralities were popular, and were frequently rendered in public,
+until the Elizabethan drama was well established. All were allegorical,
+and required personal representatives of the abstract graces, and
+doctrines of which they treated. The _dramatis personae_ in "Hickscorner"
+are Freewill, Perseverance, Pity, Contemplation, and Imagination, and in
+"The Interlude of Youth," Humility, Pride, Charity, and Lechery.
+
+It is just possible, therefore, that several of these grace names were
+originated under the shadow of the pre-Reformation Church. The following
+are early, considering they are found in Cornwall, the county most likely
+to be the last to take up a new custom:
+
+    "1549, July 1. Baptized Patience, d. of Will{m}. Haygar."--
+
+    "1553, May 29. Baptized Honour, d. of Robert Sexton."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+However this may be, we only find the cardinal virtues at the beginning of
+the movement--those which are popular in some places to this day, and
+still maintain a firm hold in America, borne thither by the Puritan
+emigrants.
+
+The three Graces, and Grace itself, took root almost immediately as
+favourites. Shakespeare seems to have been aware of it, for Hermione
+says--
+
+    "My last good deed was to entreat his stay:
+    What was my first? It has an elder sister,
+    Or I mistake you--O would her name were Grace!"
+                                    "Winter's Tale," Act i. sc. 2.
+
+    "1565, March 19. Christening of Grace, daughter of -- Hilles."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1574, Jan. 29. Baptized Grace, daughter of John Russell."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+    "1588, Aug. 1. Married Thomas Wood and Faythe Wilson."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1565, ----. Baptized Faith, daughter of Thomas and Agnes
+    Blomefield."--Rushall, Norfolk.
+
+    "1567, Aprill 17. Christening of Charity, daughter of Randoll
+    Burchenshaw."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1571, ----. Baptized Charity, daughter of Thomas
+    Blomefield."--Rushall, Norfolk.
+
+    "1598, Nov. 19. Baptized Hope, d. of John Mainwaringe."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1636, Nov. 25. Buried Hope, d. of Thomas Alford, aged 23."--Drayton,
+    Leicester.
+
+The registers of the sixteenth and seventeenth century teem with these;
+sometimes boys received them. The Rev. Hope Sherhard was a minister in
+Providence Isle in 1632 ("Cal. S. P. Colonial," 1632).
+
+We may note that the still common custom of christening trine-born
+children by these names dates from the period of their rise:[40]
+
+    "1639, Sep. 7. Baptized Faith, Hope, and Charity, daughters of George
+    Lamb, and Alice his wife."--Hillingdon.
+
+    "1666, Feb. 22. -- Finch, wife of -- Finch, being delivered of three
+    children, two of them were baptized, one called Faith, and the other
+    Hope; and the third was intended to be called Charity, but died
+    unbaptized."--Cranford. _Vide_ Lyson's "Middlesex," p. 30.
+
+Mr. Lower says ("Essays on English Surnames," ii. 159)--
+
+    "At Charlton, Kent, three female children produced at one birth
+    received the names of Faith, Hope, and Charity."
+
+Thomas Adams, in his sermon on the "Three Divine Sisters," says--
+
+    "They shall not want prosperity,
+    That keep faith, hope, and charity."
+
+Perhaps some of these parents remembered this.
+
+Faith and Charity are both mentioned as distinctly Puritan sobriquets in
+the "Psalm of Mercie," a political poem:
+
+    "'A match,' quoth my sister Joyce,
+      'Contented,' quoth Rachel, too:
+    Quoth Abigaile, 'Yea,' and Faith, 'Verily,'
+      And Charity, 'Let it be so.'"
+
+_Love_, as the synonym of Charity, was also a favourite. Love Atkinson
+went out to Virginia with the early refugees (Hotten, "Emigrants," p. 68).
+
+    "1631-2, Jan. 31. Buried Love, daughter of William Ballard."--Berwick,
+    Sussex.
+
+    "1740, April 30. Buried Love Arundell."--Racton, Sussex.
+
+    "1749, May 31. Love Luckett admitted a freeman by
+    birthright."--"History of Town and Port of Rye," p. 237.
+
+    "1662, May 7. Baptized Love, d. of Mr. Richard Appletree."--Banbury.
+
+Besides Love and Charity, other variations were Humanity and Clemency:
+
+    "1637, March 8. Bond of William Shaw, junior, and Thomas Snelling,
+    citizens and turners, to Humanity Mayo, of St. Martin-in-the-Fields,
+    in L100 0 0."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1625, Aug. 27. Buried Clemency Chawncey."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Clemency was pretty, and deserved to live; but Mercy seems to have
+monopolized the honours, and, by the aid of John Bunyan's heroine in the
+"Pilgrim's Progress," still has her admirers. Instances are needless, but
+I furnish one or two for form's sake. They shall be late ones:
+
+    "1702, Sep. 28. Married Matthias Wallraven and Mercy Waymarke."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1716, May 25. Married Thomas Day and Mercy Parsons, of
+    Staplehurst."--Cant. Cath.
+
+But there were plenty of virtues left. Prudence had such a run, that she
+became Pru in the sixteenth, and Prudentia in the seventeenth century:
+
+    "1574, June 30. Buried Prudence, d. of John Mayhew.
+
+    "1612, Aug. 2. Married Robert Browne and Prudence Coxe."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+Justice is hard to separate from the legal title; but here is an instance:
+
+    "1660, July 16. Richard Bickley and Justice Willington reported guilty
+    of embezzling late king's goods."--"Cal. St. P. Dom."
+
+Truth, Constancy, Honour, and Temperance were frequently personified at
+the font. Temperance had the shortest life; but, if short, it was merry.
+There is scarcely a register, from Gretna Green to St. Michael's, without
+it:
+
+    "1615, Feb. 25. Baptized Temperance, d. of -- Osberne."--Hawnes,
+    Bedford.
+
+    "1610, Aug. 14. Baptized Temperance, d. of John Goodyer."--Banbury.
+
+    "1611, Nov. --. Baptized Temperance, d. of Robert
+    Carpinter."--Stepney.
+
+    "1619, July 22. Married Gyles Rolles to Temperance Blinco."--St.
+    Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Constance,[41] Constancy, and Constant were common, it will be seen, to
+both sexes:
+
+    "1593, Sep. 29. Buried Constancy, servant with Mr. Coussin."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1629, Dec. Petition of Captain Constance Ferrar, for losses at Cape
+    Breton."--"C. S. P. Colonial."
+
+    "1665, May 25. Communication from Constance Pley to the Commissioners
+    in relation to the arrival of a convoy."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1665, May 31. Grant to Edward Halshall of L225 0 0, forfeited by
+    Connistant Cant, of Lynn Regis, for embarking wool to Guernsey not
+    entered in the Custom House."--Ditto.
+
+    "1671, Sep. 2. Buried Constant Sylvester, Esquire."--Brampton, Hunts.
+
+Patience, too, was male as well as female. Sir Patience Warde was Lord
+Mayor of London in 1681. Thus the weaker vessels were not allowed to
+monopolize the graces. How familiar some of these abstract names had
+become, the Cavalier shall tell us in his parody of the sanctimonious
+Roundheads' style:
+
+    "'Ay, marry,' quoth Agatha,
+      And Temperance, eke, also:
+    Quoth Hannah, 'It's just,' and Mary, 'It must,'
+      'And shall be,' quoth Grace, 'I trow.'"
+
+Several "Truths" occur in the "Chancery Suits" of Elizabeth, and the Greek
+Alathea arose with it:
+
+    "1595, June 27. Faith and Truth, gemini, -- John Johnson,
+    bapt."--Wath, Ripon.
+
+Alathea lasted till the eighteenth century was well-nigh out:
+
+    "1701, Dec. 4. Francis Milles to Alathea Wilton."--West. Abbey.
+
+    "1720, Sep. 18. Buried Alydea, wife of Will{m}. Gough, aged 42
+    years."--Harnhill, Glouc.
+
+    "1786, Oct. 6. Died Althea, wife of Thomas Heberden,
+    prebendary."--Exeter Cath.[42]
+
+Honour, of course, became Honora, in the eighteenth century, and has
+retained that form:
+
+    "1583, Aug. 24. Baptized Honor, daughter of Thomas Teage."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+    "1614, July 4. Baptized Honour, d. of John Baylye, of
+    Radcliffe."--Stepney.
+
+    "1667, Oct. 9. Christened Mary, d. of Sir John and Lady Honour
+    Huxley."--Hammersmith.
+
+    "1722, Oct. 4. Christened Martha, d. of John and Honoria Hart."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+Sir Thomas Carew, Speaker of the Commons in James's and Charles's reign,
+had a wife Temperance, and four daughters, Patience, Temperance, Silence,
+and Prudence (Lodge's "Illust.," iii. 37). Possibly, as Speaker, he had
+had better opportunity to observe that these were the four cardinal
+parliamentary virtues, especially Silence. This last was somewhat popular,
+and seems to have got curtailed to "Sill," as Prudence to "Pru," and
+Constance to "Con." In the Calendar of "State Papers" (June 21, 1666), a
+man named Taylor, writing to another named Williamson, wishes "his brother
+Sill would come and reap the sweets of Harwich." Writing again, five days
+later, he asks "after his brother, Silence Taylor."
+
+This was one of the names that crossed the Atlantic and became a fixture
+in America (Bowditch). It is not, however, to be confounded with Sill,
+that is, Sybil, in the old Cavalier chorus:
+
+    "'And God blesse King Charles,' quoth George,
+    'And save him,' says Simon and Sill."
+
+Silence is one of the few Puritan names that found its way into the north
+of England:
+
+    "1741, Dec. 9. Married Robert Thyer to Silence Leigh."--St. Ann,
+    Manchester.
+
+The mother of Silence Leigh, who was a widow when she married, was Silence
+Beswicke ("Memorials of St. Ann, Manchester," p. 55).[43] The name is
+found again in the register of Youlgreave Church, Derbyshire (_Notes and
+Queries_, Feb. 17, 1877). Curiously enough, we find Camden omitting
+Silence as a female name of his day, but inserting Tace. In his list of
+feminine baptismal names, compiled in 1614 ("Remaines," p. 89), he has
+
+    "Tace--Be silent--a fit name to admonish that sex of silence."
+
+Here, then, is another instance of a Latin name translated into English. I
+have lighted on a case proving the antiquary's veracity:
+
+    "Here lieth the body of Tacey, the wife of George Can, of Brockwear,
+    who departed this life 22 day of Feb., An. Dom. 1715, aged 32
+    years."--Hewelsfield, Glouc.
+
+Tace must have lasted a century, therefore. Silence may be set down to
+some old Puritan stickler for the admonition of Saint Paul: "Let the woman
+learn in silence, with all subjection" (1 Tim. ii. 11).
+
+The Epistle to the Romans was a never-failing well-spring to the earnest
+Puritan, and one passage was much applied to his present condition:
+
+    "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through
+    our Lord Jesus Christ: by whom also we have access by faith unto this
+    grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God. And
+    not only so, but we glory in tribulations also: knowing that
+    tribulation worketh patience; and patience, experience; and
+    experience, hope: and hope maketh not ashamed."--v. 1-5.
+
+There is scarcely a word in this passage that is not inscribed on our
+registers between 1575 and 1595. Faith, Grace, and Hope have already been
+mentioned;[44] Camden testified to the existence of Tribulation in 1614;
+Rejoice was very familiar; Patience, of course, was common:
+
+    "1592, July 7. Buried Patience Birche."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1596, Oct. 3. Baptized Pacience, daughter of Martin Tome."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1599, April 23. Baptized Patience, d. of John Harmer."--Warbleton.
+
+Even _Experience_ is found--a strange title for an infant.
+
+    "The Rev. Experience Mayhew, A.M., born Feb. 5, 1673; died of an
+    apoplexy, Nov. 9, 1758."
+
+So ran the epitaph of a missionary (_vide_ _Pulpit_, Dec. 6, 1827) to the
+Vineyard Island. It had been handed on to him, no doubt, from some
+grandfather or grandmother of Elizabeth's closing days.
+
+A late instance of _Diligence_ occurs in St. Peter, Cornhill:
+
+    "1724, Nov. 1. Buried Diligence Constant."
+
+Obedience had a good run, and began very early:
+
+    "1573, Sep. 20. Bapt. Obedience, dather of Thomas Garding.
+
+    "1586, Aug. 28. Bapt. Obedyence, dather of Richard Ellis."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1697, April 30. Bapt. Robert, son of James and Obedience Clark."--St.
+    James, Picadilly.
+
+Obedience Robins is the name of a testator in 1709 (Wills: Archdeaconry of
+London), while the following epitaph speaks for itself:
+
+    "Obedience Newitt, wife of Thomas Newitt, died in 1617, aged 32.
+
+    "Her name and nature did accord,
+    Obedient was she to her Lord."--Burwash, Sussex.
+
+"Add to your faith, virtue," says the Apostle. As a name this grace was
+late in the field:
+
+    "1687, May 25. Married Virtue Radford and Susannah Wright."--West.
+    Abbey.
+
+    "1704, Oct. 20. Buried Virtue, wife of John Higgison."--Marshfield,
+    Glouc.
+
+    "1709, May 6. Buried Vertue Page."--Finchley.
+
+Confidence and Victory were evidently favourites:
+
+    "1587, Jan. 8. Baptized Confydence, d. of Roger Elliard."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1770, Nov. 17, died Confidence, wife of John Thomas, aged 61
+    years."--Bulley, Glouc.
+
+    "1587, Feb. 8. Buryed Vyctorye Buttres."--Elham, Kent.
+
+    "1618, Dec. 9. Buryed Victorye Lussendine."--Ditto.
+
+    "1696, May 17. Bapt. Victory, d. of Joseph Gibbs."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+_Perseverance_ went out with the emigrants to New England, but I do not
+find any instance in the home registers. _Felicity_ appeared in one of our
+law courts last year, so it cannot be said to be extinct; but there is a
+touch of irony in the first of the following examples:--
+
+    "1604-5, March 15. Baptized Felicity, d. of John Barnes,
+    vagarant."--Stepney.
+
+    "1590, July 5. Baptized Felycyte Harris."--Cranbrook.
+
+_Comfort_ has a pleasant atmosphere about it, and many a parent was
+tempted to the use of it. It lingered longer than many of its rivals.
+Comfort Farren's epitaph may be seen on the floor of Tewkesbury Abbey:
+
+    "Comfort, wife of Abraham Farren, gent., of this Corporation, died
+    August 24, 1720."
+
+Again, in Dymock Church we find:
+
+    "_Comfort_, wife to William Davis, died 14 June, 1775, aged 78 years.
+
+    "_Comfort_, their daughter, died 9 Feb., 1760, aged 24 years."
+
+Nearly 150 years before this, however, Comfort Starr was a name not
+unknown to the more heated zealots of the Puritan party. He was a native
+of Ashford, in Kent, and after various restless shiftings as a minister,
+Carlisle being his head-quarters for a time, went to New Plymouth in the
+_Mayflower_, in 1620. There he became fellow of Harvard College, but
+returned to England eventually, and died at Lewes in his eighty-seventh
+year.
+
+Perhaps the most interesting and popular of the grace names was
+"Repentance." In a "new interlude" of the Reformation, entitled the "Life
+and Repentance of Marie Magdalene," and published in 1567, one of the
+chief characters was "Repentance." At the same time Repentance came into
+font use, and, odd as it may sound, bade fair to become a permanently
+recognized name in England:
+
+    "1583, Dec. 8. Married William Arnolde and Repentance Pownoll."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1587, Oct. 22. Baptized Repentance, dather of George
+    Aysherst."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1588, June 30. Baptized Repentance Water."--Cranbrook.
+
+    "1597, Aug. 4. Baptized Repentance, daughter of Robert Benham, of
+    Lymhouse."--Stepney.
+
+    "1612, March 26. Baptized Repentance Wrathe."--Elham, Kent.
+
+    "1688, Dec. 23. Bapt. Repentance, son of Thomas and Mercy
+    Tompson."--St. James, Piccadilly.
+
+In the "Sussex Archaeological Collections" (xvii. 148) is found recorded
+the case of Repentance Hastings, deputy portreeve of Seaford, who in 1643
+was convicted of hiding some wreckage:
+
+    "Repentance Hastings, 1 load, 1 cask, 2 pieces of royals."
+
+Evidently his repentance began too early in life to be lasting; but infant
+piety could not be expected to resist the hardening influence of such a
+name as this.[45]
+
+_Humiliation_ was a big word, and that alone must have been in its favour:
+
+    "1629, Jan. 24. Married Humiliation Hinde and Elizabeth Phillips by
+    banes."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+Humiliation, being proud of his name, determined to retain it in the
+family--for he had one--but as he had began to worship at St. Dionis
+Backchurch, the entries of baptism lie there, the spelling of his surname
+being slightly altered:
+
+    "1630, Nov. 18. Baptized Humiliation, son of Humiliation Hyne."
+
+This son died March 11, 1631-2. Humiliation _pere_, however, did not
+sorrow without hope, for in a few years he again brings a son to the
+parson:
+
+    "1637-8, Jan. 21. Baptized Humiliation, son of Humiliation Hinde."
+
+Humility is preferable to Humiliation. Humility Cooper was one of a
+freight of passengers in the _Mayflower_, who, in 1620, sought a home in
+the West. A few years afterwards Humility Hobbs followed him (Hotten,
+"Emigrants," p. 426):
+
+    "1596, March 13. Baptized Humilitye, sonne of Wylliam
+    Jones."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1688, May 5. Buried Humility, wife of Humphey Paget."--Peckleton,
+    Leic.
+
+Had it not been for Charles Dickens, Humble would not have appeared
+objectionable:
+
+    "1666-1667, Jan. 29. Petition of Dame Frances, wife of Humble Ward,
+    Lord Ward, Baron, of Birmingham."[46]--C. S. P.
+
+All Saints, Leicester, records another saintly grace:
+
+    "Here lieth the body of Abstinence Pougher, Esq., who died Sept. 5,
+    1741, aged 62 years."
+
+In some cases we find the infant represented, not by a grace-name, but as
+in a state of grace. Every register contains one or two Godlies:
+
+    "1579, July 24. Baptized Godlye, d. of Richard Fauterell."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1611, May 1. Baptized Godly, d. of Henry Gray, and Joane his wife.
+    Joane Standmer and Godly Gotherd, sureties."--South Bersted, Sussex.
+
+    "1619, Nov. Baptized Godly, d. of Thomas Edwardes, of
+    Poplar."--Stepney.
+
+    "1632, Oct. 30. Married John Wafforde to Godly Spicer."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Gracious is as objectionable as Godly. Gracious Owen was President of St.
+John's College, Oxford, during the decade 1650-1660.
+
+    "Oct. 24, 1661. Examination of Gracious Franklin: Joshua Jones,
+    minister at the Red Lion, Fleet Street, told him that he heard there
+    were 3000 men about the city maintained by Presbyterian
+    ministers."--C. S. P.
+
+_Lively_, we may presume, referred to spiritual manifestations. A curious
+combination of font name and patronymic is obtained in Lively Moody, D.D.,
+of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1682 (Wood's "Fasti Oxonienses").
+Exactly one hundred years later the name is met with again:
+
+    "1782, July 3. Lively Clarke of this town, sadler, aged
+    60."--Berkeley, Gloucester.
+
+At Warbleton, where the Puritan Heley ministered, it seems to have been
+found wearisome to be continually christening children by the names of
+Repent and Repentance, so a variation was made in the form of
+"Sorry-for-sin:"
+
+    "1589, Jan 25. Baptized Sory-for-sine, the dather of John Coupard."
+
+The following is curious:
+
+    "Thomas Luxford, of Windmill Hill, died Feb. 24, 1739, aged 72 years.
+    He was grandson of Thomas Luxford, of Windmill Hill, by _Changed_
+    Collins, his wife, daughter of Thomas Collins, of Socknash in this
+    county, Esq., and eldest son of Richard Luxford, of
+    Billinghurst."--Wartling Church.
+
+Faithful[47] may close this list:
+
+    "1640, Oct. 18. Baptized Benjamin, son of Faithful Bishop."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+Faithful Rouse settled in New England in 1644 (Bowditch). The following
+despatch mentions another:
+
+    "1666, July 18. Major Beversham and Lieut. Faithful Fortescue are sent
+    from Ireland to raise men."--C. S. P.
+
+Bunyan evidently liked it, and gave the name to the martyr of Vanity Fair:
+
+    "Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive;
+    For though they killed thee, thou art yet alive."
+
+Speaking from a nomenclatural point of view, the name did not survive, for
+the last instance I have met with is that of Faithful Meakin, curate of
+Mobberley, Cheshire, in 1729 (Earwaker, "East Cheshire," p. 99, _n._). It
+had had a run of more than a century, however.
+
+The reader will have observed that the majority of these names have become
+obsolete. The religious apathy of the early eighteenth century was against
+them. They seem to have made their way slowly westward. Certainly their
+latest representatives are to be found in the more retired villages of
+Gloucestershire and Devonshire. A few like Mercy, Faith, Hope, Charity,
+Grace, and Prudence, still survive, and will probably for ever command a
+certain amount of patronage; but they are much more popular in our
+religious story-books than the church registers. The absence of the rest
+is no great loss, I imagine.
+
+
+(_c._) _Exhortatory Names._
+
+The zealots of Elizabeth's later days began to weary of names that merely
+made household words of the apostolic virtues. Many of these sobriquets
+had become popular among the unthinking and careless. They began to stamp
+their offspring with exhortatory sentences, pious ejaculations, brief
+professions of godly sorrow for sin, or exclamations of praise for mercies
+received. I am bound to confess, however, that the prevailing tone of
+these names is rather contradictory of the picture of gloomy sourness
+drawn by the facile pens of Macaulay and Walter Scott. 'Tis true, Anger
+and Wrath existed:
+
+    "1654. Wroth Rogers to be placed on the Commission of Scandalous
+    Ministers."--Scobell's "Acts and Ord. Parl.," 1658.
+
+    "1680, Dec. 22. Buried Anger Bull, packer."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+I dare say he was familiarly termed Angry Bull, like "Savage Bear," a
+gentleman of Kent who was living at the same time, mentioned elsewhere in
+these pages. Nevertheless, in the exhortatory names there is a general air
+of cheerful assurance.
+
+The most celebrated name of this class is Praise-God Barebone. I cannot
+find his baptismal entry. A collection of verses was compiled by one
+Fear-God Barbon, of Daventry (Harleian M.S. 7332). This cannot have been
+his father, as we have evidence that the leatherseller was born about
+1596, and, allowing his parent to be anything over twenty, the date would
+be too early for exhortatory names like Fear-God. We may presume,
+therefore, he was a brother. Two other brothers are said to have been
+entitled respectively, "Jesus-Christ-came-into-the-world-to-save
+Barebone," and "If-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned
+Barebone." I say "entitled," for I doubt whether either received such a
+long string of words in baptism. Brook, in his "History of the Puritans,"
+implies they were; Hume says that both were _adopted_ names, and adds, in
+regard to the latter, that his acquaintance were so wearied with its
+length, that they styled him by the last word as "Damned Barebone." The
+editor of _Notes and Queries_ (March 15, 1862) says that, "as his morals
+were not of the best," this abbreviated form "appeared to suit him better
+than his entire baptismal prefix." Whether the title was given at the font
+or adopted, there is no doubt that he was familiarly known as Dr. Damned
+Barebone. This was more curt than courteous.
+
+Of Praise-God's history little items have leaked out. He began life as a
+leatherseller in Fleet Street, and owned a house under the sign of the
+"Lock and Key," in the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-West. He was admitted
+a freeman of the Leathersellers' Company, January 20, 1623. He was a Fifth
+Monarchy man, if a tract printed in 1654, entitled "A Declaration of
+several of the Churches of Christ, and Godly People, in and about the City
+of London," etc., which mentions "the Church which walks with Mr.
+Barebone," refers to him. This, however, may be Fear-God Barebone.
+Praise-God was imprisoned after the Restoration, but after a while
+released, and died, at the age of eighty or above, in obscurity. His life,
+which was not without its excitements, was spent in London, and possibly
+his baptismal entry will be found there.
+
+A word or two about his surname. The elder Disraeli says ("Curiosities of
+Literature")--
+
+    "There are unfortunate names, which are very injurious to the cause in
+    which they are engaged; for instance, the long Parliament in
+    Cromwell's time, called by derision the Rump, was headed by one
+    Barebones, a leatherseller."
+
+Isaac Disraeli has here perpetuated a mistake. Barebone's Parliament was
+the Parliament of Barebone, not Barebones. Peck, in his "Desiderata
+Curiosa," speaking of a member of the family who died in 1646, styles him
+Mr. Barborne; while Echard writes the name Barbon, when referring to Dr.
+Barbon, one of the chief rebuilders of the city of London after the Fire.
+Between Barebones and Barbon is a wide gap, and Barbon's Parliament
+suggests nothing ludicrous whatsoever. Yet (if we set aside the baptismal
+name) what an amount of ridicule has been cast over this same Parliament
+on account of a surname which in reality has been made to meet the
+occasion. No historian has heaped more sarcasm on the "Rump" than Hume,
+but he never styles the leatherseller as anything but "Barebone."
+
+But while _Praise-God_ has obtained exceptional notoriety, not so
+_Faint-not_, and yet there was a day when Faint-not bade fair to take its
+place as a regular and recognized name. I should weary the reader did I
+furnish a full list of instances. Here are a few:
+
+    "1585, March 6. Baptized Faynt-not, d. of James Browne."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1590, Jan. 17. Baptized Faynt-not Wood."--Cranbrook.
+
+    "1631, ----. Thomas Perse married Faint-not Kennarde."--Chiddingly.
+
+    "1642, Aug. 2. Married John Pierce and Faint-not Polhill,
+    widow."--Burwash, Sussex.
+
+This Faint-not Polhill was mother of Edward Polhill, a somewhat celebrated
+writer of his day. She married her first husband December 11, 1616.
+
+    "1678, Feb. 12. Buried Faint-not Blatcher, a poor old
+    widdow."--Warbleton.
+
+The rents of certain houses which provided an exhibition for the boys of
+Lewes Grammar School were paid in 1692 as usual. One item is set down as
+follows:
+
+    "Faint-not Batchelor's house, per annum, L6 0 0."--"Hist. and Ant.
+    Lewes," i. 311.
+
+_Faint-not_ occurs in Maresfield Church ("Suss. Arch. Coll.," xiv. 151).
+We have already referred to Faint-not, the daughter of "Dudley Fenner,
+minister of the Word of God" at Marden, Kent.
+
+Fear-not was also in use. The Rector of Warbleton baptized one of his own
+children by the name; some of his parishioners copied him:
+
+    "1594, Nov. 10. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Richard Maye.
+
+    "1589, Oct. 19. Baptized Fear-not, sonne of Will{m}. Browne."
+
+Decidedly cheerful were such names as Hope-still or Hopeful. Both occur in
+Banbury Church. Hopeful Wheatley has already been mentioned.
+
+    "1611, June 16. Baptized Hope-still, d. to Edward Peedle.
+
+    "1697, Dec. 30. Buried Hope-still Faxon, a olde mayde."
+
+Whether or no her matrimonial expectations were still high to the end, we
+are not told.
+
+One of the earliest Pilgrim Fathers was Hope-still Foster (Hotten, p. 68).
+He went out to New England about 1620. His name became a common one out
+there. Two bearers of the name at home lived so long that it reached the
+Georges:
+
+    "Near this place is interred the body of John Warden, of Butler's
+    Green in this parish, Esq., who died April 30, 1730, aged 79 years;
+    and also of _Hope-still_, his wife, who died July 22, 1749, aged
+    92."--Cuckfield Church, Sussex.
+
+    "Dec. 1, 1714. Administration of goods of Michael Watkins, granted to
+    Hope-still Watkins, his widow."--C. S. P.
+
+In the list of incumbents of Lydney, Gloucestershire, will be found the
+name of _Help-on-high_ Foxe, who was presented to the living by the Dean
+and Chapter of Hereford in 1660. For some reason or other, possibly to
+curtail the length, he styled himself in general as Hope-well, and this
+was retained on his tomb:
+
+    "Hic in Cristo quiescit Hope-wel Foxe, in artibus magister, hujus
+    ecclesiae vicarius vigilantissimus qui obiit 2 die Aprilis,
+    1662."--Bigland's "Monuments of Gloucester."
+
+How quickly such names were caught up by parishioners from their clergy
+may again be seen in the case of Hope-well Voicings, of Tetbury, who left
+a rentcharge of L1 for the charity schools at Cirencester in 1720.
+Probably he was christened by the vicar himself at Lydney.
+
+We have already mentioned Rejoice Lord, of Salehurst. The name had a
+tremendous run:
+
+    "1647, June 22. Buried Rejoice, daughter of John Harvey.
+
+    "1679, Oct. 18. Baptized Rejoice, daughter of Nicholas
+    Wratten."--Warbleton.
+
+_Rejoice_ reached the eighteenth century:
+
+    "1713, Sep. 29. Married John Pimm, of St. Dunstan's, Cant., to
+    _Rejoice_ Epps, of the precincts of this church."--Cant. Cath.
+
+_Magnify_ and _Give-thanks_ frequently occur in Warbleton register:
+
+    "1595, Dec. 7. Buried Gyve-thanks Bentham, a child.
+
+    "1593, M{ch}. 11. Baptized Give-thanks, the dather of Thomas Elliard.
+
+    "1591, Feb. 6. Baptized Magnyfy, sonne of William Freeland.
+
+    "1587, Sep. 17. Baptized Magnyfye, sonne of Thomas Beard.
+
+    "1587, April 2. Baptized Give-thankes, sonne of Thomas Cunsted."
+
+It is from the same register we obtain examples of an exhortatory name
+known to have existed at this time, viz. "Be-thankful." A dozen cases
+might be cited:
+
+    "1586, Feb. 6. Baptized Be-thankfull, the dather of Abell Tyerston.
+
+    "1601, Nov. 8. Baptized Be-thankfull, d. of James Gyles.
+
+    "1617, Nov. 27. Married Thomas Flatt and Be-thankefull Baker.
+
+    "1662, May 9. Buried Be-thankeful Giles."
+
+Thus Miss Giles bore her full name for over sixty years: and, I dare say,
+was very proud of it.[48]
+
+Besides Be-thankful, there was "Be-strong:"
+
+    "1592, Nov. 26. Baptized Be-strong Philpott."--Cranbrook.
+
+Many of the exhortatory names related to the fallen nature of man. One
+great favourite at Warbleton was "Sin-deny." It was coined first by Heley,
+the Puritan rector, in 1588, for one of his own daughters. Afterwards the
+entries are numerous. Two occur in one week:
+
+    "1592, April 23. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of Richard Tebb.
+
+    "     "      29. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of William Durant.
+
+    "1594, March  9. Baptized Sin-denye, d. of Edward Outtered."
+
+This name seems to have been monopolized by the girls. One instance only
+to the contrary can I find:
+
+    "1588, Feb. 9. Baptized Sin-dynye, sonne of Andrew Champneye."
+
+Still keeping to the same register, we find of this class:
+
+    "1669, Jan. 21. Buried Refrayne Benny, a widdow.
+
+    "1586, May 15. Baptized Refrayne, dather of John Celeb.
+
+    "1586, April 24. Baptized Repent, sonne of William Durant.
+
+    "1587, July 16. Baptized Returne, sonne of Rychard Farret.
+
+    "1587, Aug. 6. Baptized Obey, sonne of Rychard Larkford.
+
+    "1587, Dec. 24. Baptized Depend, sonne of Edward Outtered.
+
+    "1588, Ap. 7. Baptized Feare-God, sonne of John Couper.
+
+    "1608, Aug. 14. Baptized Repent Champney, a basterd.
+
+    "1595. Maye 18. Baptized Refrayne, d. of John Wykes."
+
+Many registers contain "Repent." Cranbrook has an early one:
+
+    "1586, Jan. 1. Baptized Repent Boorman."
+
+_Abuse-not_ is quaint:
+
+    "1592, Sep. 17. Baptized Abuse-not, d. of Rychard Ellis.
+
+    "1592, Dec. 3. Baptized Abus-not, d. of John Collier."--Warbleton.
+
+The last retained her name:
+
+    "1603, Maye 20. Buried Abuse-not Collyer."
+
+Here, again, are two curious entries:
+
+    "1636, March 19. Baptized Be-steadfast, sonne of Thomas Elliard.
+
+    "1589, Nov. 9. Baptized Learn-wysdome, d. of Rychard Ellis."
+
+These also are extracts from the Warbleton registers. None of them,
+however, can be more strongly exhortatory than this:
+
+    "1660, April 15. Baptized Hate-evill, d. of Antony
+    Greenhill."--Banbury.
+
+Doubtless she was related to William Greenhill, born 1581, the great
+Puritan commentator on Ezekiel. This cannot be the earliest instance of
+the name, for one Hate-evill Nutter was a settler in New England twenty
+years before her baptism (Bowditch). I suspect its origin can be traced to
+the following:--
+
+    "1580, June 25. Baptized Hatill (Hate-ill), sonne of Will{m}. Wood.
+
+    "1608, Nov. 17. Baptized Hatill, sonne to Antony
+    Robinson."--Middleton-Cheney.
+
+As Middleton-Cheney is a mere outlying parish from Banbury, I think we may
+see whence Hate-evil Greenhill's name was derived.
+
+Returning once more to Warbleton, _Lament_ is so common there, as in other
+places, that it would be absurd to suppose the mother had died in
+childbirth in every instance. A glance at the register of deaths disproves
+the idea. The fact is _Lament_ was used, like Repent, as a serious call to
+godly sorrow for sin:
+
+    "1594, July 22. Baptized Lament, d. of Antony Foxe.
+
+    "1598, May 14. Baptized Lament, d. of John Fauterell.
+
+    "1600, M{ch} 29. Baptized Lament, d. of Anne Willard."
+
+But we must not linger too much at Warbleton.
+
+_Live-well_ commanded much attention. Neither sex could claim the monopoly
+of it, as my examples prove. At the beginning of Charles II.'s reign, a
+warrant was abroad for the capture of one Live-well Chapman, a seditious
+printer. In such a charge it is possible he fulfilled the pious injunction
+of his god-parent:
+
+    "1662-3, March 9. Warrant to apprehend Live-well Chapman,[49] with all
+    his printing instruments and materials."--C. S. P.
+
+He is mentioned again:
+
+    "1663, Nov. 24. Warrant to Sir Edward Broughton to receive Live-well
+    Chapman, and keep him close prisoner for seditious practices."--C. S.
+    P.
+
+This is no unique case. Live-well Sherwood, an alderman of Norwich, was
+put on a commission for sequestering papists in 1643 (Scobell's "Orders of
+Parl.," p. 38).
+
+Again the name occurs:
+
+    "1702, Oct. 15. Thomas Halsey, of Shadwell, widower, to Live-well
+    Prisienden, of Stepney."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+_Love-God_ is found twice, at least, for letters of administration in the
+case of one Love-God Gregory were granted in 1654. Also is found:
+
+    "1596, March 6. Baptized Love-God, daughter of Hugh Walker,
+    vicar."--Berwick, Sussex.
+
+_Do-good_ is exhortatory enough, but it rather smacks of works; hence,
+possibly, the reason why I have only seen it once. A list of the trained
+bands under Lord Zouch, Lord Warden of Hastings, 1619, includes--
+
+    "_Musketts_, James Knight, Doo-good Fuller, Thomas Pilcher."--"Arch.
+    Soc. Coll." (Sussex), xiv. 102.
+
+_Fare-well_ seems a shade more worldly than Live-well, but was common
+enough:
+
+    "1589, July 16, Baptized Fare-well, son of Thomas Hamlen, gent."--St.
+    Dunstan-in-the-West, London.
+
+    "1723, Sep. 5. Buried Mr. Fare-well Perry, rector of St.
+    Peter's."--Marlborough.
+
+A writer in _Notes and Queries_, September 9, 1865 (Mr. Lloyd of
+Thurstonville), says--
+
+    "A man named Sykes, resident in this locality, had four sons whom he
+    named respectively Love-well, Do-well, Die-well, and Fare-well. Sad to
+    say, Fare-well Sykes met an untimely end by drowning, and was buried
+    this week (eleventh Sunday after Trinity) in Lockwood churchyard. The
+    brothers Live-well, Do-well, and Die-well were the chief mourners on
+    the occasion."
+
+It seems almost impossible that the father should have restored three of
+the Puritan names accidentally. Probably he had seen or heard of these
+names in some Yorkshire church register. One of these names, Farewell, is
+still used in the county, as the directories show. I see Fare-well
+Wardley, in Sheffield, in the West Riding Directory for 1867.
+
+This closes the exhortatory class. It is both numerous and interesting,
+and some of its instances grew very familiar, and looked as if they might
+find a permanent place in our registers. The eighteenth century saw them
+all succumb, however.
+
+
+(_d._) _Accidents of Birth._
+
+Evidently it was a Puritan notion that a quiverful of children was a
+matter for thanksgiving. There is a pleasant ring in some of the names
+selected by religious gossips at this time, or witnesses, as I should
+rather term them. _Free-gift_ was one such, and was on the point of
+becoming an accepted English name, when the Restoration stepped in, and it
+had to follow the way of the others. It began with the Presbyterian
+clergy, judging by the date of its rise:[50]
+
+    "1616, ----. Buried Mary, wiffe of Free-gift Mabbe."--Chiddingly,
+    Sussex.
+
+    "1621, ----. Baptized John, son of Free-gift Bishopp."--Ditto.
+
+    "1591, Jan. 14. Baptized Fre-gift, sonne of Abraham
+    Bayley."--Warbleton.
+
+The will of Free-gift Stacey was proved in 1656 in London; while a
+subsidy obtained by an unpopular tax on fires, hearths, and stoves in
+1670, rates a resident in Chichester thus:
+
+    "Free-gift Collins, two hearths."--"Suss. Arch. Coll.," xxiv. 81.
+
+The last instance I have seen is:
+
+    "Dec. 4, 1700. The petition of Free-gift Pilkington, wife of Richard
+    Pilkington, late port-master of Ipswich, county Suffolk."--C. S. P.
+
+_Good-gift_ was rarer:
+
+    "1618, March 28. Bapt. John, sonne of Goodgift Gynninges."--Warbleton.
+
+One of the earliest Puritan eccentricities was _From-above_, mentioned by
+Camden as existing in 1614:
+
+    "1582, March 10. Baptized From-above Hendley."--Cranbrook.
+
+A subsidy collected within the rape of Lewes in 1621 records:
+
+    "From-above Hendle, gent, in landes, 30 4 0."--"Suss. Arch. Coll.,"
+    lx. 71.
+
+Many of these names suggest thanksgiving for an "addition to the family."
+_More-fruit_ is one such:
+
+    "1587, June 6. Baptized More-fruite Stone, of Steven."--Berwick,
+    Sussex.
+
+    "1592, Oct. 1. Baptized More-fruite Starre."[51]--Cranbrook.
+
+    "1599, Nov. 4. Baptized More-fruite, d. of Richard
+    Barnet."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1608, Aug. 28. Baptized More-frute, d. of Rychard Curtes."--Ditto.
+
+We have already referred to More-fruit Fenner, christened about the same
+time.
+
+The great command to Adam and Eve was, "Multiply, and replenish the
+earth." Some successor of Thomas Heley thought it no harm to emphasize
+this at the font:
+
+    "1677, May 14. Buried Replenish, ye wife of Robert French."
+
+But "Increase" or "Increased" was the representative of this class of
+thanksgiving names, in palpable allusion to Psa. cxv. 14:
+
+    "The Lord shall increase you more and more, you and your children."
+
+I could easily furnish the reader with half a hundred instances. It is
+probable Thomas Heley was the inventor of it. The earliest example I can
+find is that of his own child:
+
+    "1587, March 26. Baptized Increased, dather of Thomas Helley,
+    minister.
+
+    "1637, Sep. 15. Buried Increase, wife of Robard Barden.
+
+    "1589, Apr. 13. Baptized Increased, d. of John Gynninges."--Warbleton.
+
+One or two instances from other quarters may be noted:
+
+    "1660, June. Petition of Increased Collins, for restoration to the
+    keepership of Mote's Bulwark, Dover."--C. S. P.
+
+Dr. Increase Mather, of the Liverpool family of that name, will be a
+familiar figure to every student of Puritan history. In 1685 he returned
+from America to thank King James for the Toleration Act. Through him it
+became a popular name in New England, although Increase Nowell, who
+obtained a charter of appropriation of Massachusetts Bay, March 4, 1628,
+and emigrated from London, may have helped in the matter (Neal's "New
+England," p. 124).
+
+The perils of childbirth are marked in the thanksgiving name of
+Deliverance. So early as 1627 the will of Deliverance Wilton was proved in
+London. Camden, too, writing in 1614, says "Delivery" was known to him;
+while Adams, whose Puritan proclivities I have previously hinted at,
+preaching in London in 1626, asserts that Safe-deliverance existed to his
+knowledge ("Meditations upon the Creed"). Deliverance crossed the Atlantic
+with the Pilgrim Fathers (Bowditch), and I see one instance, at least, in
+Hotten's "Emigrants:"
+
+    "1670, Feb. 18. Buried Deliverance Addison."--Christ Church, Barbados.
+
+    "Deliverance Hobbs and Deliverance Dane were both examined in the
+    great trial for witchcraft at Salem, June 2, 1692."--Neal, "New
+    England," pp. 533, 506.
+
+The last instance, probably, at home is--
+
+    "1757, Jan. 7. Buried Deliverance Branan."--Donnybrook, Dublin (_Notes
+    and Queries_).
+
+This "Deliverance" must have been especially common. One more instance: in
+the will of Anne Allport, sen., of Cannock, Stafford, dated March 25,
+1637, mention is made of "my son-in-law Deliverance Fennyhouse" (_vide_
+_Notes and Queries_, Dec. 8, 1860, W. A. Leighton).
+
+Much-mercy is characteristic:
+
+    "1598, May 22. Baptized Much-mercie Harmer, a child."--Warbleton.
+
+This is but one more proof of Heley's influence, for he had baptized one
+of his own sons "Much-mercy" in 1585.
+
+Perhaps a sense of undeserved mercies caused the following:
+
+    "1589, Sep. 28. Baptized No-merit, dather of Stephen
+    Vynall."--Warbleton.
+
+That babes are cherubs, if not seraphs, every mother knows; but it is not
+often the fact is recorded in our church registers. Peculiar thankfulness
+must have been felt here:
+
+    "On Dec. 11, 1865, aged seventy-eight years, died Cherubin
+    Diball."--_Notes and Queries_, 4th Series, ii. 130.
+
+And two hundred years previously, _i.e._ 1678, _Seraphim_ Marketman is
+referred to in the last testament of John Kirk. But was it gratitude,
+after all? We have all heard of the wretched father who would persist in
+having the twins his wife presented to him christened by the names of
+Cherubin and Seraphim, on the ground that "they continually do cry."
+Perhaps Cherubin Diball and Seraphim Marketman made noise enough for two!
+
+But if the father of the twins was not as thankful for his privilege as he
+ought to have been, others were. _Thanks_ and _Thankful_ were not unknown
+to our forefathers. One of the earliest instances I can find is the
+marriage lines of Thankful Hepden:
+
+    "1646, July 16. Thankfull Hepden and Fraunces Bruer."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+In Peck's "Desiderata Curiosa" (p. 537) we read:
+
+    "Dec. M.D.CLVI. Mr. Thankful Frewen's corps carried through London, to
+    be interred in Sussex."
+
+Thankful's father was John Frewen, Rector of Northiam, the eminent Puritan
+already referred to. _Accepted_, the elder son's name, belongs to this
+same class. _Thankful_ seems to have become a favourite in that part of
+the country, and to have lingered for a considerable time. In the "History
+of the Town and Port of Rye" we find (p. 466):
+
+    "Christmas, 1723. Assessment for repairs of highways: Mr. Thankful
+    Bishop paid 7{s} 6{d}."
+
+Again, so late as 1749 we find the death of another Thankful Frewen
+recorded, who had been Rector of Northiam for sixteen years, christened,
+no doubt, in memory of his predecessor of a century gone by.[52] Thankful
+Owen was brother to Gracious Owen, president of St. John's, Oxford,
+1650-1660.
+
+One more instance will suffice. The will of Thanks Tilden was proved in
+1698. No wonder the name was sufficiently familiar to be embodied in one
+of the political skits of the Commonwealth period:
+
+    "'O, very well said,' quoth Con;
+      'And so will I do,' says Frank;
+    And Mercy cries 'Aye,' and Mat, 'Really,'
+      'And I'm o' that mind,' quoth _Thank_."
+
+Possibly the sentence "unfeignedly thankful" suggested the other word
+also; any way, it existed:
+
+    "1586, April 1. Baptized Unfeigned, sonne of Roger
+    Elliard."--Warbleton.
+
+The estate of Unfeigned Panckhurst was administered upon in 1656.
+
+From every side we see traces of the popularity of Thankful. During the
+restoration of Hawkhurst Church, a small tombstone was discovered below
+the floor, with an inscription to the "memory of Elizabeth, daughter of
+_Thankful_ Bishop, of Hawkhurst, gent., who died January 2, 1680" ("Arch.
+Cant.," iv. 108). In the churchwarden's book of the same place occurs this
+curious item:
+
+    "1675. Received by Thankfull Thorpe, churchwarden in the year 1675, of
+    Richard Sharpe of Bennenden, the summe of one pound for shouting of a
+    hare."--"Arch. Cant.," v. 75.
+
+Several names seem to breathe assurance and trust in imminent peril.
+Perhaps both mother and child were in danger. _Preserved_ is distinctly of
+this class:
+
+    "Here lieth the body of Preserved, the daughter of Thomas Preserved
+    Emms, who departed this life in the 18th year of her age, on the 17th
+    of November, MDCCXII."--St. Nicholas, Yarmouth.
+
+    "1588, Aug. 1. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Thomas Holman.
+
+    "1594, Nov. 17. Baptized Preserved, sonne of Roger Caffe."--Warbleton.
+
+Preserved Fish, whose name appeared for many years in the New York
+Directory, did not get his name this way. A friend of his informs me that,
+about eighty-five years ago, a vessel was wrecked on the New Jersey coast,
+and when washed ashore, a little child was discovered secured in one of
+the berths, the only living thing left. The finder named the boy
+"Preserved Fish," and he bore it through a long and honoured life to the
+grave, having made for himself a good position in society.
+
+_Beloved_ would naturally suggest itself to grateful parents:
+
+    "1672, July 10. Buried Anne, wife of Beeloved King."--Warbleton.
+
+This name is also found in St. Matthew, Friday Street, London.
+
+_Joy-in-Sorrow_ is the story of Rachel and Benoni over again:
+
+    "1595. On the last daye of August the daughter of Edward Godman was
+    baptized and named Joye-in-Sorrow."--Isfield, Sussex.
+
+_Lamentation_ tells its own tale, unless taken from the title of one of
+the Old Testament books:
+
+    "Plaintiff, Lamentation Chapman: Bill to stay proceedings on a bond
+    relating to a tenement and lands in the parish of Borden,
+    Kent."--"Proc. in Chancery, Eliz.," i. 149.
+
+We have already mentioned _Safe-on-high_ Hopkinson, christened at
+Salehurst in 1591, and _Help-on-high_ Foxe, incumbent of Lydney,
+Gloucester, in 1661. The former died a few days after baptism, and the
+event seems to have been anticipated in the name selected.
+
+The termination _on-high_ was popular. _Stand-fast-on-high_ Stringer dwelt
+at Crowhurst, in Sussex, about the year 1635, as will be proved shortly,
+and _Aid-on-high_ is twice met with:
+
+    "1646, June 6. Letters of administration taken out in the estate of
+    Margery Maddock, of Ross, Hereford, by Aid-on-high Maddock, her
+    husband."
+
+    "1596, July 19. Stephen Vynall had a sonne baptized, and was named
+    Aid-on-hye."--Isfield, Sussex.[53]
+
+The three following are precatory, and we may infer that the life of
+either mother or child was endangered:
+
+    "1618, ----. Married Restore Weekes to Constant Semar."--Chiddingly.
+
+    "1613, ----. Baptized Have-mercie, d. of Thomas Stone."--Berwick,
+    Sussex.
+
+A monument at Cobham, Surrey, commemorates the third:
+
+    "Hereunder lies interred the body of Aminadab Cooper, citizen and
+    merchaunt taylor of London, who left behind him God-helpe, their only
+    sonne. Hee departed this life the 23{d} June, 1618."
+
+Still less hopeful of augury was the following:
+
+    "1697, July 6. Weakly Ekins, citizen and grocer, London."--"Inquisit.
+    of Lunacy," Rec. Office MSS.
+
+What about him? His friends brought him forward as a case for the
+Commissioners of Lunacy to take in hand, on the ground that he was weak of
+intellect, and unfit to manage his business. It might be asked whether
+such a name was not likely to drive him to the state specified in the
+petition.
+
+While on the subject of birth, we may notice that the Presbyterian clergy
+were determined to visit the sins of the parents on the children in cases
+of illegitimacy. A few instances must suffice:
+
+    "1589, Aug. 3. Baptized Helpless Henley, a bastard."--Berwick, Sussex.
+
+    "1608, Aug. 14. Baptized Repent Champney, a bastard."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1599, May 13. Baptized Repentance, d. of Martha Henley, a
+    bastard."--Warbleton.
+
+    "1600, M{ch}. 26. Baptized Lament, d. of Anne Willard, a
+    bastard."--Ditto.
+
+    "1600, April 13. Baptized Repentance Gilbert, a bastard."--Cranbrook.
+
+    "1598, Jan. 27. Baptized Forsaken, filius meretricis Agnetis
+    Walton."--Sedgefield.
+
+    "1609, Dec. 17. Baptized Flie-fornication, the bace son of Catren
+    Andrewes."--Waldron.
+
+This is more kindly, but an exceptional case:
+
+    "1609, Nov. 25. Baptized Fortune, daughter of Dennis Judie, and in sin
+    begoten."--Middleton-Cheney.
+
+
+(_e._) _General._
+
+There is a batch of names which was especially common, and which hardly
+appears to be of Puritan origin; I mean names presaging good fortune.
+Doubtless, however, they were at first used, in a purely spiritual sense,
+of the soul's prosperity; and afterwards, by more worldly minds, were
+referred to the good things of this life.
+
+_Fortune_ became a great favourite:
+
+    "1607, Oct. 4. Baptized Fortune Gardyner."--St. Giles, Camberwell.
+
+    "1642, ----. Baptized Fortune, daughter of Thomas Patchett."--Ludlow,
+    Shropshire.
+
+    "1652-3, M{ch}. 10. Married Mr. John Barrington and Mrs. Fortune
+    Smith."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1723, April 8. Buried Fortune Symons, aged 111 years."--Hammersmith.
+
+If Fortune meant fulness of years, it was attained in this last example.
+
+_Wealthy_ is equally curious:
+
+    "1665 [no date]. Petition of Wealthy, lawful wife of Henry Halley, and
+    one of the Duke of York's guards."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1714, April 25. Buried Wealthy Whathing."--Donnybrook, Dublin.[54]
+
+    "1704, Aug. 18, died Riches Browne, gent., aged 62."--Scarning,
+    Norfolk.
+
+The father of this Riches was also Riches, and was married to the daughter
+of John Nabs! (_vide_ Blomefield, vi. 5).
+
+Several names may be set in higgledy-piggledy fashion, for they belong to
+no class, and are _sui generis_.
+
+Pleasant[55] is found several times:
+
+    "1681, Nov. 8. Christened Pleasant, daughter of Robert Tarlton."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1725, Dec. 18. William Whiteing, of Chislett, to Pleasant Burt, of
+    Reculver."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1728, Nov. 3. Buried Pleasant Smith, late wife of Mr. John
+    Smith."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+The following, no doubt, had a political as well as spiritual allusion. It
+occurs several times in the New York Directory of the present year:
+
+    "1689, March 4. Petition of Freeman Howes, controller of Chichester
+    port."--"C. S. P. Treasury."
+
+    "1691, Sep. 21. Petition of Freeman Collins."--Ditto.
+
+    "1661. Petition of Freeman Sonds."--"C. S. P. Domestic."[56]
+
+What a freak of fancy is commemorated in the following:
+
+    "1698, June 23. Examination of Isaac Cooper, Thomas Abraham, and
+    Centurian Lucas."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1660, June. Petition of Handmaid, wife of Aaron Johnson."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1661, August 29. Baptized Miracle, son of George Lessa."--New
+    Buckenham.
+
+    "1728. Married John Foster to Beulah Digby."--Somerset House Chapel.
+
+The Trinity in Unity were not held in proper reverence; for _Trinity_
+Langley fought in the army of Cromwell, while _Unity_ Thornton (St. James,
+Piccadilly, 1680) and _Unity_ Awdley ("Top. et. Gen.," viii. 201) appear a
+little later:
+
+    "1694, Jan. 8. James Commelin to Mrs. Unitie Awdrey."--Market
+    Lavington.
+
+    "1668, Feb. 15. Baptized Unity, son of John Brooks."--Banbury.
+
+_Providence_ Hillershand died August 14, 1749, aged 72 (Bicknor,
+Gloucester). Providence was a _he_.
+
+    "1752, Nov. 5. Buried Selah, d. of Ric. and Diana Collins."--Dyrham,
+    Gloucestershire.
+
+    "1586, April 10. Baptized My-sake Hallam."--Cranbrook.
+
+Biblical localities were much resorted to:
+
+    "1616, Nov. 26. Baptized Bethsaida, d. of Humphrey Trenouth."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+    "1700, June 6. Buried Canaan, wife of John Hatton, 55
+    years."--Forthampton, Gloucestershire.
+
+    "1706, April 27. Married Eden Hardy to Esther Pantall."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+    "1695, Dec. 15. Baptized Richard, son of Richard and Nazareth
+    Rudde."--St. James, Piccadilly.
+
+_Nazareth_ Godden's will was administrated upon in 1662. _Battalion_
+Shotbolt was defendant in a suit in the eleventh year of Queen Anne
+(Decree Rolls, Record Office). The following is odd:
+
+    "1683, Oct. 11. Buried Mr. _Inward_ Ansloe."--Cant. Cath.
+
+
+V. A SCOFFING WORLD.
+
+While these strange pranks were being played, the world was not asleep.
+Calamy seems to have discovered a source of melancholy satisfaction in the
+fact that the quaint names of his brethren were subjected to the raillery
+of a wicked world. One of the ejected ministers was Sabbath Clark,
+minister of Tarvin, Cheshire. Of him he writes:
+
+    "He had been constant minister of the parish for nigh upon sixty
+    years. He carried Puritanism in his very name, by which his good
+    father intended he should bear the memorial of God's Holy Day. This
+    was a course that some in those times affected, baptizing their
+    children Reformation, Discipline, etc., as the affections of their
+    parents stood engaged. For this they have sufficiently suffered from
+    Profane Wits, and this worthy person did so in particular. Yet his
+    name was not a greater offence to such persons than his holy life."
+
+Probably Calamy was referring to the "profane wit" Dr. Cosin, Bishop of
+Chester, who, in a visitation held at Warrington about the year 1643, is
+said to have acted as follows:--
+
+    "A minister, called Sabbaith Clerke, the Doctor re-baptized, took's
+    marke, and call'd him Saturday."
+
+That this was a deliberate insult, and not a pleasantry, Calamy, of
+course, would stoutly maintain. Hence the above sample of holy ire.
+
+Many of the names in the list I have recorded must have met with the
+good-humoured raillery of the every-day folk the strangely stigmatized
+bearer might meet. I suppose in good time, however, the owner, and the
+people he was accustomed to mix with, got used to it. It is true they must
+have resorted, not unfrequently, to curter forms, much after the fashion
+of the now almost forgotten nick forms of the Plantagenet days.
+Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith is a very large mouthful, if you come to try
+it, and I dare say Mr. White or Brown, whoever he might be, did not so
+strongly urge as he ought to have done the gross impropriety of his
+friends recognizing him by the simple style of "Faith" or "Fight." Fancy
+at a dinner, in a day that had not invented the convenient practice of
+calling a man by his surname, having to address a friend across the table,
+"Please, Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, pass the pepper!" The thing was
+impossible. Even Help-on-high was found cumbersome, and, as we have seen,
+the Rector of Lydney curtailed it.
+
+A curious instance of waggery anent this matter of length will be found in
+the register of St. Helen, Bishopgate. The entry is dated 1611, just the
+time when the dramatists were making fun of this Puritanic innovation, and
+when the custom was most popular:
+
+    "Sept. 1, 1611. Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, being borne the last of
+    August in the lane going to Sir John Spencer's back-gate, and there
+    laide in a heape of seacole asshes, was baptized the ffirst day of
+    September following, and dyed the next day after."
+
+This is confirmed by the burial records:
+
+    "Sept. 2, 1611. Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, as is mentioned in the
+    register of christenings."
+
+The reference, of course, is to Job ii. 8:
+
+    "And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down
+    among the ashes."
+
+This was somewhat grim fun, though. Probably _Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes_,
+during his brief life, would be styled by the curter title of "Ashes." It
+is somewhat curious to notice that Camden, writing three years later, says
+Ashes existed. Perhaps this was the instance.
+
+A similar instance of waggery is found in the parish church of Old
+Swinford, where the following entry occurs:--
+
+    "1676, Jan. 18. Baptized
+    Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar, sonn of
+    Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar Williams."
+
+Allowing the father to be thirty years of age, the paternal christening
+would take place in 1646, which would be a likely time in the political
+history of England for a mimical hit at Puritan eccentricity.
+
+
+(_a._) _The Playwrights._
+
+There is a capital scene in "The Ordinary" (1634), where Andrew Credulous,
+after trolling out a verse of nonsensical rhyme against the Puritan names,
+says to his friends Hearsay and Slicer, in allusion to these new long and
+uncouth names:
+
+                          "Andrew the Great Turk?
+    I would I were a peppercorn, if that
+    It sounds not well. Doe'st not?
+      _Slicer._ Yes, very well.
+      _Credulous._ I'll make it else great Andrew Mahomet,
+    _Imperious Andrew Mahomet Credulous_.
+    Tell me which name sounds best.
+      _Hearsay._ That's as you speak 'em.
+      _Credulous._ Oatmealman Andrew! Andrew Oatmealman!
+      _Hearsay._ Ottoman, sir, you mean.
+      _Credulous._ Yes, Ottoman."
+
+"Oatmealman Andrew! Andrew Oatmealman!" seems to have suggested to
+Thomson that unfortunate line:
+
+    "O Sophonisba, Sophonisba O,"
+
+so unkindly parodied into--
+
+    "O Jemmy Thomson, Jemmy Thomson O."
+
+From this quotation it will be seen that it is not to the church register
+alone we must turn, to discover the manner in which these new names were
+being received by the public. Calamy might wax wroth over the "profane
+wits" of the day, but one of the severest blows administered to the men he
+has undertaken to defend, came from his own side; for Thomas Adams, Rector
+of St. Benet, Paul's Wharf, must unquestionably be placed, even by
+Calamy's own testimony, among the Puritan clergy of his day. His name does
+not appear in the list of silenced clergy, and his works are dedicated to
+pronounced friends of the Noncomformist cause. In his "Meditations upon
+the Creed" (vol. iii. p. 213, edit. 1872), first published in 1629, he
+says--
+
+    "Some call their sons _Emanuel_: this is too bold. The name is proper
+    to Christ, therefore not to be communicated to any creature. It is no
+    less than presumption to give a subject's son the style of his prince.
+    Yea, it seems to me not fit for Christian humility to call a man
+    _Gabriel_ or _Michael_, giving the names of angels to the sons of
+    mortality.
+
+    "On the other side, it is a petulant absurdity to give them ridiculous
+    names, the very rehearsing whereof causeth laughter. There be certain
+    affectate names which mistaken zeal chooseth for honour, but the event
+    discovers a proud singularity. It was the speech of a famous prophet,
+    _Non sum melior patribus meis_--'I am no better than my fathers;' but
+    such a man will be _sapientior patribus suis_--'Wiser than his
+    fathers.' As if they would tie the goodness of the person to the
+    signification of the name. But still a man is what he is, not what he
+    is called; he were the same, with or without that title or that name.
+    And we have known _Williams_ and _Richards_, names not found in sacred
+    story, but familiar to our country, prove as gracious saints as any
+    _Safe-deliverance_, _Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith_, or such like,
+    which have been rather descriptions than names."
+
+I have quoted portions of this before. I have now given it in full, for it
+is trenchant, and full of common sense. Coming from the quarter it did, we
+cannot doubt it had its effect in throwing the practice into disfavour
+among the better orders. But there had been a continued battery going on
+from a foe by whose side Adams would have rather faced death than fight.
+Years before he wrote his own sentiments, the Puritan nomenclature had
+been roughly handled on the stage, and by such ruthless pens as Ben
+Jonson, Cowley, and Beaumont and Fletcher. A year before little
+Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes was laid to rest, the sharp and unsparing
+sarcasm of "The Alchemist" and "Bartholomew Fair" had been levelled at
+these doings. The first of these two dramas Ben Jonson saw acted in 1610.
+By that time the custom was a generation old, and men who bore the godly
+but uncouth sobriquets were walking the streets, keeping shops, driving
+bargains, known, if not avoided, of all men. In 1610 Increase Brown, your
+apprentice, might be demanding an advance upon his wages, Help-on-high
+Jones might be imploring your patronage, while Search-the-Scriptures
+Robinson might be diligently studying his ledger to see how he could swell
+his total against you for tobacco and groceries. In 1610 society would be
+really awake to the fact that such things existed, and proceed to discuss
+this serio-comic matter in a comico-serious manner. The time was exactly
+ripe for the playwright, and it was the fate of the Presbyterians that the
+playwright was "rare Ben."
+
+In "The Alchemist" appears _Ananias_, a deacon, who is thus questioned by
+Subtle:
+
+                                  "What are you, sir?
+      _Ananias._ Please you, a servant of the exiled brethren,
+    That deal with widows' and with orphans' goods,
+    And make a just account unto the saints:
+    A deacon.
+      _Subtle._ O, you are sent from Master Wholesome,
+    Your teacher?
+      _Ananias._ From Tribulation Wholesome,
+    Our very zealous pastor."
+
+After accusing Ananias of being related to the "varlet that cozened the
+Apostles," Subtle meets Tribulation himself, the Amsterdam pastor, whom he
+treats with scant courtesy:
+
+    "Nor shall you need to libel 'gainst the prelates,
+    And shorten so your ears against the hearing
+    Of the next wire-drawn grace. Nor of necessity
+    Rail against plays, to please the alderman
+    Whose daily custard you devour; nor lie
+    With zealous rage till you are hoarse. Not one
+    Of these so singular arts. Nor call yourselves
+    By name of _Tribulation_, _Persecution_,
+    _Restraint_, _Long-patience_, and such like, affected
+    By the whole family or wood of you,
+    Only for glory, and to catch the ear
+    Of your disciple."
+
+To which hard thrust Tribulation meekly makes response:
+
+                    "Truly, sir, they are
+    Ways that the godly brethren have invented
+    For propagation of the glorious cause."
+
+Every word of this harangue of Subtle's would tell upon a sympathetic
+audience. So popular was the play itself, that a common street song was
+made out of it, the first verse of which we find Credulous singing in "The
+Ordinary:"
+
+    "My name's not Tribulation,
+      Nor holy Ananias;
+    I was baptized in fashion,
+      Our vicar did hold bias."[57]
+                                Act iv. sc. 1.
+
+This comedy appeared twenty years after "The Alchemist," and yet the song
+was still popular. Many a lad with a Puritan name must have had these
+rhymes flung into his teeth. _Tribulation_, by the way, is one of the
+names given in Camden's list, written four years later than Ben Jonson's
+play. This name, which has been the object of an antiquary's, a
+playwright's, a ballad-monger's and an historian's ridicule (for Macaulay
+had his fling at it), curiously enough I have not found in the registers.
+But its equivalent, _Lamentation_, occurs, as we have seen, in the
+"Chancery Suits" (1590-1600), in the case of _Lamentation Chapman_.
+_Restraint_ is met by _Abstinence_ Pougher, and _Persecution_ by _Trial_
+Travis (C. S. P. 1619, June 7).
+
+Still more severe, again, is this same dramatist in "Bartholomew Fair,"
+which was performed in London, October, 1614, by the retinue of Lady
+Elizabeth, James's daughter. Pouring ridicule upon the butt of the day,
+whose name of "Puritan" was by-and-by to be anagrammatized into "a
+turnip," from the cropped roundness of his head, this drama became the
+play-goers' favourite. It was suppressed during the Commonwealth, and one
+of the first to be revived at the Restoration.[58] The king is said to
+have given special orders for its performance. Whether his grandfather
+liked it as much may be doubted, for it once or twice touches on doctrinal
+points, and James thought he had a special gift for theology.
+
+Zeal-of-the-land Busy is a Banbury man, which town was then even more
+celebrated for Puritans than cakes. _Caster_, in "The Ordinary," says--
+
+    "I'll send some forty thousand unto Paul's:
+    Build a cathedral next in Banbury:
+    Give organs to each parish in the kingdom."
+
+Zeal-of-the-land is thus inquired of by Winwife:
+
+    "What call you the reverend elder you told me of, your Banbury man?
+
+    _Littlewit._ Rabbi Busy, sir: he is more than an elder, he is a
+    prophet, sir.
+
+    _Quarlous._ O, I know him! a baker, is he not?
+
+    _Littlewit._ He was a baker, sir, but he does dream now, and see
+    visions: he has given over his trade.
+
+    _Quarlous._ I remember that, too: out of a scruple that he took, in
+    spiced conscience, those cakes he made were served to bridales,
+    maypoles, morrices, and such profane feasts and meetings. His
+    christian name is Zeal-of-the-land?
+
+    _Littlewit._ Yes, sir; Zeal-of-the-land Busy.
+
+    _Winwife._ How! what a name's there!
+
+    _Littlewit._ O, they all have such names, sir: he was witness for Win
+    here--they will not be called godfathers--and named her Win-the-fight:
+    you thought her name had been Winnifred, did you not?
+
+    _Winwife._ I did indeed.
+
+    _Littlewit._ He would have thought himself a stark reprobate if it
+    had."
+
+All this would be caviare to the Cavalier, and it is doubtful whether he
+did not enjoy it more than his grandparents, who could but laugh at it as
+a hit religious, rather than political. The allusion to _witnesses_
+reminds us of Corporal Oath, who in "The Puritan," published in 1607 (Act
+ii. sc. 3), rails at the zealots for the mild character of their
+ejaculations. The expression "Oh!" was the most terrible expletive they
+permitted themselves to indulge in, and some even shook their heads at a
+brother who had thus far committed himself:
+
+    "Why! has the devil possessed you, that you swear no better,
+    You half-christened c----s, you un-godmothered varlets?"
+
+The terms godfather and godmother were rejected by the disaffected clergy,
+and they would have the answer made in the name of the sponsors, not the
+child. Hence they styled them witnesses.
+
+In "Women Pleased," a tragi-comedy, written, as is generally concluded, by
+Fletcher alone about the year 1616, we find the customary foe of maypoles
+addressing the hobby:
+
+                                    "I renounce it,
+    And put the beast off thus, the beast polluted.
+    And now no more shall _Hope-on-high_ Bomby
+    Follow the painted pipes of worldly pleasures,
+    And with the wicked dance the Devil's measures:
+    Away, thou pampered jade of vanity!"
+
+Here, again, is no exaggeration of name, for we have Help-on-high Foxe to
+face Hope-on-high Bomby. The Rector of Lydney would be about twenty-five
+when this play was written, and may have suggested himself the sobriquet.
+The names are all but identical.
+
+From "Women Pleased" and Fletcher to "Cutter of Coleman Street" and Cowley
+is a wide jump, but we must make it to complete our quotations from the
+playwrights. Although brought out after the Restoration, the fun about
+names was not yet played out. The scene is laid in London in 1658. This
+comedy was sorely resented by the zealots, and led the author to defend
+himself in his preface. He says that he has been accused of
+"prophaneness:"
+
+    "There is some imitation of Scripture phrases: God forbid! There is no
+    representation of the true face of Scripture, but only of that vizard
+    which these hypocrites draw upon it."
+
+This must have been more trying to bear even than Cutter himself. Under a
+thin disguise, Colonel _Fear-the-Lord_ Barebottle is none other than
+Praise-God Barebone, of then most recent notoriety. Cowley's allusion to
+him through the medium of Jolly is not pleasant:
+
+    "_Jolly._ My good neighbour, I thank him, Colonel Fear-the-Lord
+    Barebottle, a Saint and a Soap-boiler, brought it. But he's dead, and
+    boiling now himself, that's the best of 't; there's a Cavalier's
+    comfort."
+
+Cutter turns zealot, and wears a most puritanical habit. To the colonel's
+widow, Mistress Tabitha Barebottle, he says--
+
+    "Sister Barebottle, I must not be called Cutter any more: that is a
+    name of Cavalier's darkness; the Devil was a Cutter from the
+    beginning: my name is now _Abednego_. I had a vision which whispered
+    to me through a keyhole, 'Go, call thyself _Abednego_.'"[59]
+
+But Cutter--we beg his pardon, Abednego--was but a sorry convert. Having
+lapsed into a worldly mind again, he thus addresses Tabitha:
+
+    "Shall I, who am to ride the purple dromedary, go dressed like
+    _Revelation_ Fats, the basket-maker?--Give me the peruke, boy!"
+
+I fancy the reader will agree with me that Cowley needed all the arguments
+he could urge in his preface to meet the charge of irreverence.
+
+
+(_b._) _The Sussex Jury._
+
+One of the strongest indictments to be found against this phase of
+Puritanic eccentricity is to be found in Hume's well-known quotation from
+Brome's "Travels into England"--a quotation which has caused much angry
+contention. The book quoted by the historian is entitled "Travels over
+England, Scotland, and Wales, by James Brome, M.A., Rector of Cheriton, in
+Kent." Writing soon after the Restoration, Mr. Brome says (p. 279)--
+
+    "Before I leave this county (Sussex), I shall subjoin a copy of a Jury
+    returned here in the late rebellious troublesome times, given me by
+    the same worthy hand which the Huntingdon Jury was: and by the
+    christian names then in fashion we may still discover the
+    superstitious vanity of the Puritanical Precisians of that age."
+
+A second list in the British Museum Mr. Lower considers to be of a
+somewhat earlier date. We will set them side by side:
+
+  Accepted Trevor, of Norsham.       | Approved Frewen, of Northiam.
+  Redeemed Compton, of Battle.       | Be-thankful Maynard, of Brightling.
+  Faint-not Hewit, of Heathfield.    | Be-courteous Cole, of Pevensey.
+  Make-peace Heaton, of Hare.        | Safety-on-high Snat, of Uckfield.
+  God-reward Smart, of Fivehurst.    | Search-the-Scriptures Moreton,
+  Stand-fast-on-high Stringer, of    |   of Salehurst.
+    Crowhurst.                       | More-fruit Fowler, of East Hothley.
+  Earth Adams, of Warbleton.         | Free-gift Mabbs, of Chiddingly.
+  Called Lower, of the same.         | Increase Weeks, of Cuckfield.
+  Kill-sin Pimple, of Witham.        | Restore Weeks, of the same.
+  Return Spelman, of Watling.        | Kill-sin Pemble, of Westham.
+  Be faithful Joiner, of Britling.   | Elected Mitchell, of Heathfield.
+  Fly-debate Roberts, of the same.   | Faint-not Hurst, of the same.
+  Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith      | Renewed Wisberry, of Hailsham.
+    White, of Emer.                  | Return Milward, of Hellingly.
+  More-fruit Fowler, of East Hodley. | Fly-debate Smart, of Waldron.
+  Hope-for Bending, of the same.     | Fly-fornication Richardson, of
+  Graceful Harding, of Lewes.        |   the same.
+  Weep-not Billing, of the same.     | Seek-wisdom Wood, of the same.
+  Meek Brewer, of Okeham.            | Much-mercy Cryer, of the same.
+                                     | Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith
+                                     |   White, of Ewhurst.
+                                     | Small-hope Biggs, of Rye.
+                                     | Earth Adams, of Warbleton.
+                                     | Repentance Avis, of Shoreham.
+                                     | The-peace-of-God Knight, of
+                                     |   Burwash.
+
+I dare say ninety-five per cent. of readers of Hume's "History of England"
+have thought this list of Sussex jurors a silly and extravagant hoax.
+They are "either a forgery or a joke," says an indignant writer in _Notes
+and Queries_. Hume himself speaks of them as names adopted by converts,
+evidently unaware that these sobriquets were all but invariably affixed at
+the font. The truth of the matter is this. The names are real enough; the
+panel is not necessarily so. They are a collection of names existing in
+several Sussex villages at one and the same time. Everything vouches for
+their authenticity. The list was printed by Brome while the majority must
+be supposed still to be living; the villages in which they resided are
+given, the very villages whose registers we now turn to for Puritanic
+examples, with the certainty of unearthing them; above all, some of the
+names can be "run down" even now. _Accepted_ or Approved Frewen, of
+_Northiam_, we have already referred to. _Free-gift_ Mabbs, of
+_Chiddingly_, is met by the following entry from Chiddingly Church:
+
+    "1616, ----. Buried Mary, wife of Free-gift Mabbs."
+
+The will of _Redeemed_ Compton, of Battle, was proved in London in 1641.
+_Restore_ Weeks, of Cuckfield, is, no doubt, the individual who got
+married not far away, in Chiddingly Church:
+
+    "1618, ----. Restore Weeks espoused Constant Semer."
+
+"Increase Weeks, of Cuckfield," may therefore be accepted as proven,
+especially as I have shown _Increase_ to be a favourite Puritan name.
+These two would be brothers, or perchance father and son. As for the other
+names, the majority have already figured in this chapter. Fly-fornication
+is still found in Waldron register, though the surname is a different one.
+Return, Faint-not, Much-mercy, Be-thankful, Repentance, Safe-on-high,
+Renewed, and More-fruit, all have had their duplicates in the pages
+preceding. "_Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith_ White, of Emer," is the only
+unlikely sobriquet left to be dealt with. Thomas Adams, in his
+"Meditations upon the Creed," in a passage already quoted, testified to
+its existence in 1629. The conclusion is irresistible: the names are
+authentic, and the panel may have been.
+
+
+(_c._) _Royalists with Puritan Names._
+
+It may be asked whether or not the world went beyond scoffing. Was the
+stigma of a Puritan name a hindrance to the worldly advancement of the
+bearer? It is pleasant, in contradiction of any such theory, to quote the
+following:--
+
+    "1663, Aug. Petition of _Arise_ Evans to the King for an order that he
+    may receive L20 in completion of the L70 given him by the King."--C.
+    S. P.
+
+In a second appeal made March, 1664 (C. S. P.), _Arise_ reminds Charles of
+many "noble acts" done for him as a personal attendant during his exile.
+
+    "1660, June. Petition of Handmaid, wife of Aaron Johnson,
+    cabinet-maker, for the place for her husband of Warden in the Tower,
+    he being eminently loyal.
+
+    "1660, June. Petition of Increased Collins, His Majesty's servant, for
+    _restoration_ to the keepership of Mote's Bulwark, near Dover,
+    appointed January, 1629, and dismissed in 1642, as not trustworthy,
+    imprisoned and sequestered, and in 1645 tried for his life.
+
+    "1660, Oct. Petition of Noah Bridges, and his son Japhet Bridges, for
+    office of clerk to the House of Commons."--C. S. P.
+
+Thus it will be seen that, in the general rush for places of preferment at
+the Restoration, there were men and women bearing names of the most marked
+Puritanism, who did not hesitate to forward their appeals with the
+Williams and Richards of the world at large. They manifestly did not
+suppose their sobriquets would be any bar to preferment. One of them, too,
+had been body-man to Charles in his exile, and another had suffered in
+person and estate as a devoted adherent of royalty. We may hope and trust,
+therefore, that all this scoffing was of a good-humoured character.
+
+It was, doubtless, the prejudice against Puritan eccentricity that
+introduced civil titles as font names into England--a class specially
+condemned by Cartwright and his friends. At any rate, they are
+contemporary with the excesses of fanatic nomenclature, and are found
+just in the districts where the latter predominated. _Squire_ must have
+arisen before Elizabeth died:
+
+    "1626, March 21. Petition of Squire Bence."--C. S. P.
+
+    "1662, Oct. 30. Baptized Jane, d. of Squire Brockhall."--Hornby, York.
+
+    "1722, July 28. Baptized Squire, son of John Pysing and Bennet, his
+    wife."--Cant. Cath.
+
+_Duke_ was the christian name of Captain Wyvill, a fervent loyalist, and
+grandson of Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, Bart., of Constable Burton, Yorkshire:
+
+    "1681, Feb. 12. Baptized Duke, son of Robert Fance, K{nt}."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+_Squire_ passed over the Atlantic, and is frequently to be seen in the
+States; so that if men may not squire themselves at the end of their names
+in the great republic, they may at the beginning.
+
+Yorkshire and Lancashire are the great centres for this class of names on
+English soil. _Squire_ is found on every page of the West Riding
+Directory, such entries as Squire Jagger, Squire Whitley, Squire Hind,
+Squire Hardy, or Squire Chapman being of the commonest occurrence. _Duke_
+is also a favourite, Duke Redmayne and Duke Oldroyd meeting my eye after
+turning but half a dozen pages. But the great rival of _Squire_ is
+_Major_. There is a kind of martial, if not braggadocio, air about the
+very sound, which has taken the ear of the Yorkshire folk. Close together
+I light upon Major Pullen, farmer; Major Wold, farmer; Major Smith,
+sexton; Major Marshall, ironmonger. Other illustrations are _Prince_
+Jewitt, _Earl_ Moore, _Marshall_ Stewart, and _Admiral_ Fletcher. This
+custom has led to awkwardnesses. There was living at Burley, near Leeds, a
+short time ago, a "_Sir Robert_ Peel." In the same way "Earl Grey" is
+found. Sir Isaac Newton was living not long ago in the parish of Soho,
+London. Robinson Cruso still survives, hale and hearty, at King's Lynn,
+and Dean Swift is far from dead, as the West Riding Directory proves.
+
+It was an odd idea that suggested "Shorter." I have five instances of it,
+two from the Westminster Abbey registers:
+
+    "1689, March 3. Buried Shorter Norris."
+
+    "1690, July 9. Baptized Shorter, son of Robert and Ann Tanner."
+
+_Junior_ is found so early as 1657:
+
+    "1657, ----. Christened Junior, sonne of Robert Naze."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Little is similarly used. Little Midgley in the West Riding Directory is
+scarcely a happy conjunction. In the same town are to be seen John Berry,
+side by side with "Young John Berry," and Allen Mawson, with Young Allen
+Mawson.
+
+
+VI. BUNYAN'S DEBT TO THE PURITANS.
+
+But if the Sussex jury was not visionary, except for the panel, neither
+was that at Mansoul! What a text is this for the next biographer of
+Bunyan, if he have the courage to enter upon it! To suggest that the great
+dreamer was not a reprobate in his youth, and thus spoil the contrast
+between his converted and unconverted life, was a perilous act on Lord
+Macaulay's part. To insinuate that he had a not altogether unpleasant time
+of it in the Bedford gaol, that he could have his friends to visit him,
+and, on the face of it, ink, paper, and quills to set down his
+meditations, even this is enough to set a section of political and
+religious society about our ears. But to hint that his character names
+were not wholly the offspring of his imagination, not thought out in the
+isolation of his dreary captivity, and not pictured in his brain, while
+his brain-pan was lying upon a hard and comfortless pallet--this, I know,
+not very long ago would have brought a mob about me! In the present day, I
+shall only be smiled upon with contempt, and condemned to a righteous
+ignominy by the superior judgment of the worshippers of John Bunyan!
+
+Nevertheless I ask, were the great mass of Bunyan's character names the
+creation of his own brain, or were they suggested by the nomenclature of
+his friends or neighbours in the days of his youth? It is the peculiarity
+of the names in the "Pilgrim's Progress" and "Siege of Mansoul," that they
+suggest the incidents of which the bearers are the heroes. But, in a large
+proportion of cases, these names already existed. Born in 1628, Bunyan saw
+Puritan character names at their climax. Living at Elstow, he was within
+the limits of the district most addicted to the practice. He had seen
+Christian and Hopeful, Christiana and Mercy, of necessity long before he
+was "haled to prison" at Bedford. The four fair damsels, Discretion,
+Piety, Charity, and Prudence, may and must have in part been his
+companions in his boyish rambles years before he met them in the Valley of
+Humiliation; and if afterwards, in the Siege of Mansoul, he turned Charity
+into a man, he was only doing what godfathers and godmothers had been
+doing for thirty years previously. The name and sweet character of
+_Faithful_ might be a personal reminiscence, good Father _Honest_ a
+quondam host on one of his preaching expeditions, and _Standfast_, "that
+right good pilgrim," an old Paedo-Baptist of his acquaintance. The
+shepherds _Watchful_, _Sincere_, and _Experience_, if not _Knowledge_,
+were known of all men, in less pastoral avocations. And as for the men
+that were panelled in the trial of the Diabolonians, we might set them
+side by side with the Sussex jury, and certainly the contrast for oddity
+would be in favour of the cricketing county. Messrs. Belief, True-heart,
+Upright, Hate-bad, Love-God, See-truth, Heavenly-mind, Thankful,
+Good-work, Zeal-for-God, and Humble have all, or well-nigh all, been
+quoted in this chapter, as registered by the church clerk a generation
+before Do-right, the town-clerk of Mansoul, called them over in court.
+"Do-right" himself is met by "Do-good," and the witness "Search-truth" by
+"Search-the-Scriptures." Even "Giant Despair" may have suffered
+convulsions in teething in the world of fact, before his fits took him in
+the world of dreams; and his wife "Diffidence" will be found, I doubt not,
+to have been at large before Bunyan "laid him down in a den." Where names
+of evil repute come--and they are many--we do not expect to see their
+duplicates in the flesh. _Graceless_, _Love-lust_, _Live-loose_,
+_Hold-the-world_, and _Talkative_ were not names for the Puritan, but
+their contraries were. _Grace_ meets the case of _Grace-less_, _Love-lust_
+may be set by "Fly-fornication," and _Live-loose_ by "Live-well" or
+"Continent." _Hold-the-world_ is directly suggested by the favourite
+"Safe-on-high;" _Talkative_, by "Silence."
+
+That John Bunyan is under debt to the Puritans for many of his characters
+must be unquestionable; and were he living now, or could we interview him
+where he is, I do not doubt we could extract from him, good honest man,
+the ready admission that in the names of the personages that flit before
+us in his unapproachable allegory, and which have charmed the fancy of old
+and young for so many generations, he was merely stereotyping the
+recollections of childhood, and commemorating, so far as sobriquets were
+concerned, the companionships of earlier years.
+
+
+VII. THE INFLUENCE OF PURITANISM ON AMERICAN NOMENCLATURE.
+
+Baptismal nomenclature to-day in the United States, especially in the old
+settlements, bears stronger impressions of the Puritan epoch than the
+English. Their ancestors were Puritans, who had fled England for
+conscience' sake. Their life, too, in the West was for generations
+primitive, almost patriarchal, in its simplicity. There was no bantering
+scorn of a wicked world to face; there was no deliberate effort made by
+any part of the community to restore the old names. To this day the
+impress remains. Take up a story of backwood life, such as American female
+writers affect so much, and it will be inscribed "Faith Gartney's
+Girlhood," or "Prudence Palfrey." All the children that figure in these
+tales are "Truth," or "Patience," or "Charity," or "Hope." The true
+descendants of the early settlers are, to a man, woman, and child, even
+now bearers of names either from the abstract Christian graces or the
+narratives of Holy Scripture. Of course, the constant tide of immigration
+that has set in has been gradually telling against Puritan traditions. The
+grotesque in name selection, too, has gone further in some of the more
+retired and inaccessible districts of the States than the eastern border,
+or in England generally, where social restraints and the demands of custom
+are still respected. If we are to believe American authorities, there are
+localities where humour has certainly become grim, and the solemn rite of
+baptism somewhat burlesqued by a selection of names which throw into the
+shade even Puritan eccentricity.
+
+Look at the names of some of the earliest settlers of whom we have any
+authentic knowledge. We may mention the _Mayflower_ first. In 1620 the
+emigrants by this vessel founded New Plymouth. This led to the planting of
+other colonies. Among the passengers were a girl named _Desire_ Minter, a
+direct translation of Desiderata, which had just become popular in
+England; William Brewster, the ruling elder; his son _Love_ Brewster, who
+married, settled, and died there in 1650, leaving four children; and a
+younger son, _Wrestling_ Brewster. The daughters had evidently been left
+in England till a comfortable home could be found for them, for next year
+there arrived at New Plymouth, in the _Ann_ and _Little James_, _Fear_
+Brewster and _Patience_ Brewster. Patience very soon married Thomas
+Prince, one of the first governors. On this same memorable journey of the
+_Mayflower_ came also _Remember_, daughter of Isaac Allerton, first
+assistant to the new governor; _Resolved_ White, who married and left five
+children in the colony; and _Humility_ Cooper, who by-and-by returned to
+England.
+
+A little later on, in the _Ann_ and _Little James_, again came Manasseh
+Faunce and _Experience_ Mitchell. In a "List of Living" in Virginia, made
+February 16, 1623, is _Peaceable_ Sherwood. In a "muster" taken January
+30, 1624, occur _Revolt_ Morcock and _Amity_ Waine.
+
+There is a conversation in "The Ordinary"--a drama written in 1634 or
+1635, by Cartwright, the man whose "body was as handsome as his soul," as
+Langbaine has it--which may be quoted here. _Hearsay_ says--
+
+                        "London air,
+    Methinks, begins to be too hot for us.
+      _Slicer._ There is no longer tarrying here: let's swear
+    Fidelity to one another, and
+    So resolve for New England.
+      _Hearsay._ 'Tis but getting
+    A little pigeon-hole reformed ruff----
+      _Slicer._ Forcing our beards into th' orthodox bent----
+      _Shape._ Nosing a little treason 'gainst the king,
+    Bark something at the bishops, and we shall
+    Be easily received."
+                                          Act iv. sc. 5.
+
+It is interesting to remember that 1635, when this was written, saw the
+high tide of Puritan emigration. The list of passengers that have come
+down to us prove it. After that date the names cease to represent the
+sterner spirit of revolt against episcopacy and the Star Chamber.
+
+In the ship _Francis_, from Ipswich, April 30, 1634, came _Just_ Houlding.
+In the _Elizabeth_, landed April 17, 1635, _Hope-still_ Foster and
+_Patience_ Foster. From the good barque _James_, July 13, 1635, set foot
+on shore _Remembrance_ Tybbott. In the _Hercules_ sailed hither, in 1634,
+_Comfort_ Starre, "chirurgeon." In 1635 settled _Patient_ White. In a book
+of entry, dated April 12, 1632, is registered _Perseverance_ Greene, as
+one who is to be passed on to New England.
+
+Such names as Constant Wood, Temperance Hall, Charity Hickman, Fayth
+Clearke, or Grace Newell, I simply record and pass on. That these names
+were perpetuated is clear. The older States teem with them now; American
+story-books for girls are full of them. _Humility_ Cooper, of 1620, is met
+by an entry of burial in St. Michael's, Barbados:
+
+    "1678, May 16. _Humility_ Hobbs, from ye almshous."
+
+The churchwardens of St. James' Barbados, have entered an account of
+lands, December 20, 1679, wherein is set down
+
+    "Madam _Joye_ Sparks, 12 servants, 150 negroes."
+
+_Increase_ Mather is a familiar name to students of American history. His
+father, Richard Mather, was born at Liverpool in 1596. Richard left for
+New England in 1635, with his four sons, Samuel, Nathaniel, Eleazar, and
+Increase. Cotton Mather was a grandson. About the same time, Charles
+Chauncey (of a Hertfordshire family), late Vicar of Ware, who had been
+imprisoned for refusing to rail in his communion table, settled in New
+England. Dying there in 1671, as president of Harvard College, he
+bequeathed, through his children, the following names to the land of his
+adoption:--Isaac, Ichabod, Sarah, Barnabas, Elnathan, and Nathaniel. Both
+the Mathers and the Chaunceys, therefore, sent out a Nathaniel. Adding
+these to the large number of Nathaniels found in the lists of emigrants
+published by Mr. Hotten, no wonder Nathaniel became for a time the first
+name on American soil, and that "Nat" should have got instituted into a
+pet name. Jonathan was not to be compared to it for a moment.
+
+But we have not done with the Chaunceys. One of the most singular
+accidents that ever befell nomenclature has befallen them. What has
+happened to Sidney in England, has happened to Chauncey in America, only
+"more so." The younger Chaunceys married and begot children. A grandson of
+Isaac Chauncey died at Boston, in 1787, aged eighty-three. He was a great
+patriot, preacher, and philanthropist at a critical time in his country's
+history. The name had spread, too, and no wonder that it suggested itself
+to the authoress of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" as a character name. She, however,
+placed it in its proper position as a surname. It may be that Mrs. Stowe
+has given the use of this patronymic as a baptismal name an impulse, but
+it had been so used long before she herself was born. It was a memorial of
+Charles Chauncey, of Boston. It has now an average place throughout all
+the eastern border and the older settlements. I take up the New York
+Directory for 1878, and at once light upon Chauncey Clark, Chauncey Peck,
+and Chauncey Quintard; while, to distinguish the great Smith family,
+there are Chauncey Smith, lawyer, Chauncey Smith, milk-dealer, Chauncey
+Smith, meat-seller, and Chauncey Smith, junior, likewise engaged in the
+meat market. Thus, it is popular with all classes. In my London Directory
+for 1870, there are six Sidney Smiths and one Sydney Smith. Chauncey and
+Sidney seem likely to run a race in the two countries, but Chauncey has
+much the best of it at present.
+
+Another circumstance contributed to the formation of Americanisms in
+nomenclature. The further the Puritan emigrants drew away from the old
+familiar shores, the more predominant the spirit of liberty grew. It was
+displayed, amongst other ways, in the names given to children born on
+board vessel.[60] It was an outlet for their pent-up enthusiasm.
+Shakespeare puts into the mouth of Pericles--
+
+                              "We cannot but obey
+    The powers above us. Could I rage and roar
+    As doth the sea she lies on, yet the end
+    Must be as 'tis. My gentle babe, _Marina_ (whom,
+    For she was born at sea, I've named so) here
+    I charge your charity withal, leaving her
+    The infant of your care."
+                                      Act iii. sc. 3.
+
+The Puritan did the same. _Oceanus_ Hopkins was born on the high seas in
+the _Mayflower_, 1620; _Peregrine_ White came into the world as the same
+vessel touched at Cape Cod; _Sea-born_ Egginton, whose birth "happened in
+his berth," as Hood would say, is set down as owner of some land and a
+batch of negroes later on (Hotten, p. 453); while the marriage of
+_Sea-mercy_ Adams with Mary Brett is recorded, in 1686, in Philadelphia
+(Watson's "Annals of Philadelphia," 1. 503). Again, we find the
+following:--
+
+    "1626, Nov. 6. Grant of denization to Bonaventure Browne, born beyond
+    sea, but of English parents."--C. S. P.
+
+No doubt his parents went over the Atlantic on board the _Bonaventure_,
+which was plying then betwixt England and the colonies (_vide_ list of
+ships in Hotten's "Emigrants," pp. vii. and 35).
+
+We have another instance in the "baptismes" of St. George's, Barbados:
+
+    "1678, Oct. 13. Samuel, ye son of Bonaventure Jellfes."
+
+Allowing the father to be forty years old, _his_ parents would be crossing
+the water about the time the good ship _Bonaventure_ was plying.
+
+Again, we find the following (Hotten, p. 245):--
+
+    "Muster of John Laydon:
+
+        "John Laydon, aged 44, in the _Swan_, 1606.
+
+        "Anne Laydon, aged 30, in the _Mary Margett_, 1608.
+
+        "Virginia Laydon (daughter), borne in Virginia."
+
+All this, as will be readily conceived, has tended to give a marked
+character to New England nomenclature. The very names of the children born
+to these religious refugees are one of the most significant tokens to us
+in the nineteenth century of the sense of liberty they felt in the
+present, and of the oppression they had undergone in the past.
+
+If we turn from these lists of passengers, found in the archives of
+English ports, not to mention "musters" already quoted, to records
+preserved by our Transatlantic cousins, we readily trace the effect of
+Puritanism on the first generation of native-born Americans.
+
+From Mr. Bowditch's interesting book on "Suffolk Surnames," published in
+the United States, we find the following baptismal names to have been in
+circulation there: Standfast, Life, Increase, Supply, Donation, Deodat,
+Given, Free-grace, Experience, Temperance, Prudence, Mercy, Dependance,
+Deliverance, Hope, Reliance, Hopestill, Fearing, Welcome, Desire, Amity,
+Comfort, Rejoice, Pardon, Remember, Wealthy, and Consider. Nothing can be
+more interesting than the analysis of this list. With two exceptions,
+every name can be proved, from my own collection alone, to have been
+introduced from the mother country. In many instances, no doubt, Mr.
+Bowditch was referring to the same individual; in others to their
+children. The mention of _Wealthy_ reminds us of Wealthy, Riches, and
+Fortune, already demonstrated to be popular English names. _Fortune_ went
+out to New England in the person of Fortune Taylor, who appears in a roll
+of Virginian immigrants, 1623. Settling down there as a name of happy
+augury for the colonists' future, both spiritual and material, she
+reappears, in the person of Fortune the spinster, in the popular New
+England story entitled "The Wide, Wide World." Even "_Preserved_," known
+in England in 1640, was to be seen in the New York Directory in 1860; and
+_Consider_, which crossed the Atlantic two hundred and fifty years ago, so
+grew and multiplied as to be represented at this moment in the directory
+just mentioned, in the form of
+
+    "Consider Parish, merchant, Clinton, Brooklyn."
+
+Mr. Bowditch adds "_Search-the-Scriptures_" to his list of names that
+crossed the Atlantic. This tallies with Search-the-Scriptures Moreton, of
+Salehurst, one of the supposed sham jury already treated of. He quotes
+also _Hate-evil_ Nutter from a colonial record of 1649.[61] Here again we
+are reminded of Bunyan's Diabolonian jury, one of whom was _Hate-bad_. It
+is all but certain from the date that Hate-evil went out from the old
+country. The name might be perfectly familiar to the great dreamer,
+therefore. _Faint-not_ Wines, Mr. Bowditch says, became a freeman in 1644,
+so that the popularity of that great Puritan name was not allowed to be
+limited by the English coast. In this same year settled _Faithful_
+Rouse--one more memorial of English nonconformity.
+
+English Puritanism must stand the guilty cause of much modern humour, not
+to say extravagance, in American name-giving. Puns compounded of baptismal
+name and surname are more popular there than with us. Robert New has his
+sons christened Nothing and Something. Price becomes Sterling Price;
+Carrol, Christmas Carrol; Mixer, Pepper Mixer; Hopper, Opportunity Hopper;
+Ware, China Ware; Peel, Lemon Peel; Codd, Salt Codd; and Gentle, Always
+Gentle. It used to be said of the English House of Commons that there were
+in it two Lemons, with only one Peel, and the Register-General not long
+since called attention in one of his reports to the existence of Christmas
+Day. We have, too, Cannon Ball, Dunn Brown, Friend Bottle (London
+Directory), and River Jordan, not to mention two brothers named Jolly
+Death and Sudden Death, the former of whom figured in a trial lately as
+witness. The _Times_ of December 7, 1878, announced the death of Mr.
+Emperor Adrian, a Local Government Board member. Nevertheless, the
+practice prevails much more extensively across the water, and the reason
+is not far to seek.
+
+Mr. Bowditch seems to imagine, we notice, America to be a modern girl's
+name. He says administration upon the estate of America Sparrow was
+granted in 1855, while in 1857 America C. Tabb was sued at law. America
+and Americus were in use in England four hundred years ago (_vide_
+"English Surnames," 2nd edit., p. 29), and two centuries ago we meet with
+
+    "America Baguley, 1669, his halfpeny,"
+
+on a token. _Amery_ was the ordinary English dress.
+
+
+
+
+EPILOGUE.
+
+DOUBLE CHRISTIAN NAMES: THEIR RISE AND PROGRESS.
+
+
+I. ROYAL DOUBLE NAMES.
+
+    "But two christian names are rare in England, and I only remember now
+    his Majesty, who was named Charles James, as the Prince his sonne
+    Henry Frederic: and among private men, Thomas Maria Wingfield and Sir
+    Thomas Posthumus Hobby."--Camden.
+
+If we take this sentence literally, the great antiquary, who knew more of
+the families and pedigrees of the English aristocracy than any other man
+of his day, could only recall to his mind four cases of double Christian
+names. This was in 1614.
+
+At the outset, therefore, there is significance in this statement. Mr.
+Blunt, in his "Annotated Prayer-Book," says of "N. or M." in the
+Catechism--
+
+    "N. was anciently used as the initial of Nomen, and 'Nomen vel Nomina'
+    was expressed by 'N. vel NN.,' the double N being afterwards corrupted
+    into M."
+
+If this be a correct explanation, "M." must refer to cases where more than
+one child was brought to the priest, N. standing for an occasion where
+only one infant was presented. In a word, "N. or M." could not stand for
+"Thomas or Thomas Henry," but for "Thomas or Thomas and Henry." If this be
+unsatisfactory, then Mr. Blunt's explanation is unsatisfactory.
+
+Camden's sentence may be set side by side with Lord Coke's decision. In
+his "First Institute" (Coke upon Littleton) he says--
+
+    "And regularly it is requisite that the purchaser be named by the name
+    of baptism, and his surname, and that special heed be taken to the
+    name of baptism; for that a man cannot have two names of baptism, as
+    he may have divers surnames."
+
+Again, he adds--
+
+    "If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his
+    confirmation by the bishop, he is named John, he may purchase by the
+    name of his confirmation.... And this doth agree with our ancient
+    books, where it is holden that a man may have divers names at divers
+    times, but not divers christian names."
+
+This is all very plain. Even in James I.'s days thousands of our
+countrymen had no fixed surnames, and changed them according to caprice or
+fancy. But the christian name was a fixture, saving in the one case of
+confirmation. Lord Coke is referring to an old rule laid down by
+Archbishop Peckham, wherein any child whose baptismal name, by accident or
+evil thought, had a bad significance is advised, if not compelled, to
+change it for one of more Christian import.
+
+The chief point of interest, however, in this decision of Lord Coke's, is
+the patent fact that no thought of a double christian name is present in
+his mind. Had it been otherwise, he would never have worded it as he has
+done. Archbishop Peckham's rule had evidently been infringed, and Lord
+Coke upholds the infringement. A child with such an orthodox name as
+Thomas (a name with no immoral significance) might, he lays it down,
+become John at confirmation. Even in such a case as this, however, John is
+not to be added to Thomas; it must take its place, and Thomas cease to be
+recognized.
+
+Lord Coke, of course, was aware that Charles I.'s queen was Henrietta
+Maria, the late king Charles James, and his son Henry Frederic. It is
+possible, nay probable, that he was not ignorant of Thomas Maria
+Wingfield's existence, or that of Thomas Posthumus Hobby. But that these
+double baptismal names should ever become an every-day custom, that the
+lower and middle classes should ever adopt them, that even the higher
+orders should ever go beyond the use of "Maria" and "Posthumus," seems
+never to have suggested itself to his imagination.
+
+There is no doubt the custom came from France in the first instance.
+There, as in England, it was confined to the royal and aristocratic
+circles. The second son of Catharine de' Medici was baptized Edward
+Alexander in 1551. Mary Stuart followed the new fashion in the names of
+her son Charles James. The higher nobility of England slowly copied the
+practice, but within most carefully prescribed limits.
+
+One limitation was, the double name must be one already patronized by
+royalty.
+
+Henrietta Maria found her title repeated in Henrietta Maria Stanley,
+daughter of the ill-fated James, Earl of Derby, who for his determined
+loyalty was beheaded at Bolton, in Lancashire, in 1651. She was born on
+the 17th of November, 1630, and was buried in York Minster on the 13th of
+January, 1685. Sir Peter Ball, attorney to the queen of Charles I.,
+baptized his seventeenth child by the name of his royal mistress,
+Henrietta Maria. He followed her fortunes after as before the king's
+execution (Polwhel's "Devon," p. 157). These must both have been
+considered remarkable cases in their day. The loyalty of the act would be
+its sanction in the eyes of their friends.
+
+But while some copied the double name of the queen (also the name of the
+queen's mother), other nobles who had boys to christen mimicked the royal
+nursery of James I. Henry Frederick, Earl of Arundel, was born in 1608,
+and Henry Frederick Thynne, brother of Lord Weymouth, was created a
+baronet in 1641. No one need doubt the origin of these double forms. Again
+loyalty would be their answer against objections.
+
+But side by side with these went "Maria" (used for either sex) and
+"Posthumus," or Posthuma--the only two instances recalled by Camden as in
+use among "private men." There seems good reason to believe that, for two
+or three generations at least, these were deemed, by some unwritten code,
+the only permissible second names outside the royal list.
+
+The case of Wingfield is curious. Three generations, at least, bore a
+second name "Maria," all males. The first was Edward Maria, of Kimbolton,
+who received the female title in honour of, and from, the Princess Mary,
+daughter of Henry VIII., his godmother; the second was Thomas Maria,
+adduced by Camden; and the third is referred to in the following document:
+
+    "1639, April. Bill of complaint relative to the sale of the manor of
+    Keyston, Hunts, by Edward Maria Wingfield."--C. S. P., 1639.
+
+Maria had long been common in Italy, France, and Spain, as a second name,
+and still is, whether for a boy or girl, the child being thereby specially
+committed to the protection of the Virgin. The earliest instances in
+England, however, were directly given in honour of two royal godmothers,
+who happened to be Mary in one case, and Henrietta Maria in the other.
+Hence the seeming transference of the foreign second name Maria to our own
+shores. Thus introduced, Maria began to circulate in society generally as
+an allowed second name:
+
+    "1610, July 10. Baptized Charles Maria, sonne of Charles Chute,
+    Esquire."--St. Dunstan-in-the-West.
+
+    "1640, ----. Died Gulielma Maria Posthuma Springett."--Tablet,
+    Ringmer, Lewes, Sussex.
+
+This last was a bold procedure, three names being an unheard-of event. But
+the sponsor might reply that he was only placing together the two
+recognized second names, Maria and Posthuma. Later on, Maria is again
+found in the same family. In the year 1672, William Penn, the Quaker,
+married Gulielma Maria, daughter of Sir William Springett.
+
+Posthuma (as in the above instance), or Posthumus, is still more
+remarkable. The idea of styling a child by this name, thus connecting its
+birth with the father's antecedent death, seems to have touched a
+sympathetic chord, and the practice began widely to prevail. The first
+example I have seen stands as a single name. Thus, in the Canterbury
+Cathedral register, is recorded:
+
+    "1572, Feb. 10. Christened Posthumus, the sonne of Robert Pownoll."
+
+The following is the father's entry of burial:
+
+    "1571, June 8. Buried Robert Pownoll."
+
+This is the earliest instance I have seen. Very soon it was deemed right
+to make it a second name:
+
+    "1632, Sept. 18. Baptized Henry Postumus, son of James
+    Gamble."--Doncaster.
+
+Sir Thomas Posthumus Hoby, Knight, lord of the manor of Hackness, died in
+1641. He bequeathed the greater portion of his estates to "his dearly
+beloved and esteemed cozen John Sydenham," of Brimpton, Somerset, who,
+being baroneted in July, 1641, died in 1642, and was succeeded by his son
+Sir John Posthumus Sydenham. Posthumus, possibly, in this case was
+commemorative of Sir Thomas, and not of Sir John. William Ball, son of Sir
+Peter Ball, already mentioned, married Maria Posthuma Hussey. This must
+have occurred before the Commonwealth, but I have not the exact date.
+
+The character of all these names is sufficient proof of their rarity. All
+belong, with one exception, to the higher ranks of society. All were
+called after the children in the royal nursery, or Maria or Posthuma was
+the second component. Several formed the double name with both. It seems
+certain that at first it was expected that, if people in high life were to
+give encouragement to the new fashion, they must do so within certain
+carefully defined limits. As for any lower class, it was never imagined
+that they would dream of aspiring to such a daring innovation. The
+earliest instance of this class, I find, still has Mary for its second
+component, and commemorates two English queens:
+
+    "1667, Jan. 12. Baptized Elizabeth Mary, being of the age of 18 and
+    upwards, daughter to John Allen, and Emm his wife, both of them being
+    pro-baptists."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Even to the close of the seventeenth century, if a middle-class man gave
+his child a double name, it must be to commemorate royalty:
+
+    "1696, June 4. Baptized William Henry, son of Mr. Jacob Janeway, and
+    Francis his wife."--Cant. Cath.
+
+William III. was christened William Henry.
+
+Speaking of Mary's husband, we may add that two of the most familiar
+conjunctions of the present day among the middle and lower classes, that
+of Anna Maria or Mary Ann, arose similarly. In Italy and France the two
+went together a hundred years earlier, in connection with the Virgin and
+her mother. In England they are only found since 1700, being used as
+commemorative of the sisters Anne and Mary, both queens. Like William
+Henry, the combination has been popular ever since:
+
+    "1717, Feb. 15. Christened Anne-Mary, d. of James Hebert, mercer.
+
+    "1729, March 30. Christened Anna-Maria, d. of Thomas and Mary Hoare,
+    pewterer."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+The clerk of Finchley Church could not understand this conjunction--not to
+add that his education seems to have been slightly neglected:
+
+    "1715, Feb. 26. Baptized Anammeriah, d. of Thomas and Eliz. Biby.
+
+    "1716, M{ch}. 17. Baptized Anameriah, d. of Richard and Sarah Bell."
+
+These are the first double names to be found in this register.
+
+The Latin form represents the then prevailing fashion. There was not a
+girl's name in use that was not Latinized. Goldsmith took off the custom
+in his "Vicar of Wakefield," in the names of Sophia, Olivia, and Carolina
+Wilhelmina Amelia Skeggs. The latter hit at the new rage for double and
+treble baptismal names also; for the day came when two names were not
+enough. In 1738 George III. was christened George William Frederic. Gilly
+Williams, writing to George Selwyn, December 12, 1764, says--
+
+    "Lord Downe's child is to be christened this evening. The sponsors I
+    know not, but his three names made me laugh not a little--John
+    Christopher Burton. I wish to God, when he arrives at the years of
+    puberty, he may marry Mary Josephina Antonietta Bentley."--"Memoirs of
+    George Selwyn," by Jesse, quoted by Mr. Waters in "Parish Registers,"
+    p. 31.
+
+I need scarcely add that three do not nearly satisfy the craving of many
+people in the nineteenth century, nor did they everybody in the
+eighteenth:
+
+    "1781, April 29. Bapt. Charles Caractacus Ostorius Maximilian Gustavus
+    Adolphus, son of Charles Stone, tailor."--Burbage, Wilts.
+
+In Beccles Church occurs the following:
+
+    "1804, Oct. 14. Bapt. Zaphnaphpaaneah Isaiah Obededom Nicodemus
+    Francis Edward, son of Henry and Sarah Clarke."
+
+Only Francis Edward could be got in the ordinary place, so the rest had to
+be furnished in a note at the foot of the page.
+
+    "On Oct. 8th, 1876, in the revision of the parliamentary list at
+    Preston, a claimant appeared bearing the name of Thomas Hill Joseph
+    Napoleon Horatio Bonaparte Swindlehurst Nelson. The vote was allowed,
+    and the revising barrister ordered the full name to be inserted on the
+    register."--_Manchester Evening News_, October 11, 1876.
+
+
+II. CONJOINED NAMES.
+
+Returning to the first half of the seventeenth century, we find strong
+testimony of the rarity of these double names, and a feeling that there
+was something akin to illegality in their use, from our registers,
+wherein an attempt was made to glue two names together as one, without a
+hyphen or a second capital letter. Take the following, all registered
+within a generation or two of Camden's remark:
+
+    "1602, May 24. Baptized Fannasibilla, d. of Thomas
+    Temple."--Sibbesdon, Leicestershire.
+
+Here is a palpable attempt to unite Francis (Fanny) and Sybil.
+
+    "1648, Jan. 25. Baptized Aberycusgentylis, son of Richard Balthropp,
+    gent."--Iver, Buckingham.
+
+Here the father has been anxious to commemorate the great Oxford
+professor, the father of international law, Dr. Abericus Gentilis. He has
+avoided a breach of supposed national law by writing the two names in one.
+
+    "1614, Aprill 16. Buried Jockaminshaw Butler, wife of James Butler,
+    potter, in Bishopsgate Street."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+The surname of "Shaw" has done service hundreds of times since then as a
+second baptismal name.
+
+    "1640, May 7. Baptized Johnamaria, ye son of Frances Ansloe, and Clare
+    his wife."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Here again is the inevitable Maria, but so inwoven with John, that Lord
+Coke's legal maxim could not touch the case. It is the same in the
+following example:--
+
+    "1632, ----. Married John Pell to Ithamaria, d. of Henry Reynolles, of
+    London."--Lower, "Worthies of Sussex," p. 178.
+
+One of the most strange samples of conjoined names is this:
+
+    "1595, April 3. Joane, whome we maye call Yorkkooppe, because she was
+    ye basterd daughter, as yt is comonlye reported, of one John York and
+    Anne Cooper."--Landbeach.
+
+Here is a double conjunction; John and Anne forming Jo-ane, and York and
+Cooper, Yorkkooppe. The first is neat, the second clumsy: but, doubtless,
+the clerk who wielded the goose-quill deemed both a masterpiece of
+ingenuity.
+
+The following is interesting:--
+
+    "1616, July 13, being Satterday, about half an hour before 10 of the
+    clocke in the forenoon, was born the Lady Georgi-Anna, daughter to the
+    Right Hon. Lady Frances, Countess of Exeter; and the same Ladie
+    Georgi-Anna was baptized 30th July, 1616, being Tuesday, Queen Anne
+    and the Earl of Worcester, Lord Privie Seal, being witnesses: and the
+    Lorde Bishop of London administered the baptism."--_Vide_ R. E. C.
+    Waters, "Parish Registers." 1870.
+
+
+III. HYPHENED NAMES.
+
+It will be noticed that so far the two names were both (saving in the case
+of Aberycusgentylis and Jockaminshaw) from the recognized list of
+baptismal names. About the reign of Anne the idea of a patronymic for a
+second name seems to have occurred. To meet the supposed legal exigencies
+the two names were simply hyphened. We will confine our instances to the
+register of Canterbury Cathedral:
+
+    "1721, Jan. 20. Baptized Howe-Lee, son of Lee Warner, Esquire, and
+    Mary his wife.
+
+    "1728, July 4. Baptized Francis-Gunsby, son of Dr. William Ayerst,
+    prebendary of this church.
+
+    "1746, Sep. 28. Baptized James-Smith, son of James Horne, and Mary his
+    wife."
+
+I need not say that at first these children bore the name in common
+parlance of Howe-Lee, or Francis-Gunsby, or James-Smith. The two were
+never separated, but treated as one name. To this day traces of this
+eighteenth-century habit are to be found. I know an old gentleman and his
+wife, people of the old school, dwelling somewhat out of the world, who
+address a child invariably by all its baptismal titles. The effect is very
+quaint. In all formal and legal processes the two or three names have to
+be employed, and clergymen who only recite the first in the marriage
+service, as I have heard some do, are in reality guilty of misdemeanour.
+
+How odd all these contrivances to modern eyes! We take up a directory, and
+every other registration we look on is made up of three names. The poorer
+classes are even more particular than the aristocracy upon the point. The
+lady-help, describing her own superior merit, says--
+
+    "Do not think that we resemble
+      Betsy Jane or Mary Ann,
+    Women born in lowly cottage,
+      Bred for broom or frying-pan."
+
+And yet, in forty-nine church registers out of fifty, throughout the
+length and breadth of England, there will not be found a single instance
+of a double christian name previous to the year 1700. Mr. Maskell has
+failed to find any instance in the register of All-Hallows, Barking, and
+the Harleian Society's publication of the registers of St. Peter,
+Cornhill, and St. Dionis Backchurch only confirms the assertion I have
+made.
+
+Many stories have arisen upon these double names. A Mr. Gray, bearing the
+once familiar Christian name of Anketil, wanted the certificate of his
+baptism. The register was carefully searched--in vain; the neighbouring
+registers were as thoroughly scanned--in vain. Again the first register
+was referred to, and upon a closer investigation he was found entered as
+Ann Kettle Gray.
+
+Not very long ago a child was brought to the font for baptism. "What
+name?" asked the parson. "John," was the reply. "Anything else?" "John
+_h_only," said the godparent, putting in an "h" where it was not needed.
+"John Honly, I baptize thee," etc., continued the clergyman, thus thrown
+off his guard. The child was entered with the double name.
+
+In Gutch's "Geste of Robin Hode" (vol. i. p. 342) there is a curious note
+anent Maid Marian, wherein some French writers are rebuked for supposing
+Marian to be composed of Mary and Ann, and the statement is made that it
+is from Mariamne, the wife of Herod! Marian or Marion, of course, is the
+diminutive of Mary, the other pet form being Mariot. Nevertheless the
+great commonness of the double christian name Mary Ann is consequent on
+the idea that Marian is compounded of both.
+
+In the registers of marriages at Halifax parish church (December 1, 1878)
+is the name of a witness, Charity H----. He--it was a _he_--is the third
+child of his parents, two sisters, Faith and Hope, having preceded him.
+His full baptismal name is "And Charity," and in his own marriage
+certificate his name is so written. In ordinary affairs he is content with
+Charity alone (_Notes and Queries_, August 16, 1879). This could not have
+happened previous to Queen Anne's reign. Acts-Apostles Pegden's will was
+administered upon in 1865. His four elder brothers bore the four
+Evangelists' names. This, again, could not well have occurred before the
+eighteenth century was in. In Yorkshire directories one may see such
+entries as John Berry, and immediately below, Young John Berry. This
+represents a common pleasantry at the font among the "tykes," but is
+necessarily modern. Nor could "Sir Isaac" or "Sir Robert," as praenomens
+to "Newton" or "Peel," have been originated at any distant period.
+
+
+IV. THE DECAY OF SINGLE PATRONYMICS IN BAPTISM.
+
+The introduction of double baptismal names produced a revolution as
+immediate as it was unintentional. It put a stop to what bade fair to
+become a universal adoption of patronymics as single baptismal names. This
+practice took its rise about the year 1580. It became customary in highly
+placed families to christen the eldest son by the name of the landed
+estate to which he was heir. Especially was it common when the son
+succeeded to property through his mother; then the mother's surname was
+his Christian name. With the introduction of second baptismal names, this
+custom ceased, and the boy or girl, as the case might be, after a first
+orthodox name of Robert or Cecilia, received as a second the patronymic
+that before was given alone. Instead of Neville Clarke the name would be
+Charles Neville Clarke. From the year 1700, say, this has been a growing
+custom, and half our present list of treble names are thus formed.[62]
+
+The custom of giving patronymic names was, for a century at least,
+peculiar to England, and is still rare on the Continent. Camden notices
+the institution of the practice:
+
+    "Whereas in late yeares sirnames have beene given for christian names
+    among us, and no where else in Christendome: although many dislike it,
+    for that great inconvenience will ensue: neverthelesse it seemeth to
+    procede from hearty goodwill and affection of the godfathers, to shew
+    their love, or from a desire to continue and propagate their owne
+    names to succeeding ages. And is in no wise to bee disliked, but
+    rather approoved in those which, matching with heires generall of
+    worshipfull ancient families, have given those names to their heires,
+    with a mindefull and thankfull regard of them, as we have now
+    Pickering, Wotton, Grevill, Varney, Bassingburne, Gawdy, Calthorpe,
+    Parker, Pecsal, Brocas, Fitz-Raulfe, Chamberlanie, who are the heires
+    of Pickering, etc."--"Remaines," 1614.
+
+Fuller says--
+
+    "Reader, I am confident an instance can hardly be produced of a
+    surname made christian in England, save since the Reformation....
+    Since it hath been common."--"Worthies," i. 159, 160.
+
+For two hundred years this custom had the widest popularity among the
+higher classes, and from some of our registers there are traces that the
+lower orders were about to adopt the practice. In the case of female
+heiresses the effect is odd. However, this was got over sometimes by
+giving a feminine termination:
+
+    "1660, Aug. 28. John Hendon, Knight, of Biddenden in Kent, and
+    Northamtonia Haward, of Tandridge in Surrey, married."--Streatham,
+    Surrey.
+
+    "1711, Jan. 3. Buried Jermyna, d. of Mr. Edward Tyson, gent."--St.
+    Dionis Backchurch.
+
+    "1699, March 7. Nathaniel Parkhurst and Althamia Smith, of Kensington,
+    married."
+
+Althamia was daughter of Altham Smyth, barrister, son of Sir Thomas Smyth,
+of Hill Hall, Essex (Chester's "Westminster Abbey," p. 173).
+
+But more often they were without the feminine desinence:
+
+    "1639, Oct. 18. Buried Essex, daughter of Lord Paget."--Drayton
+    (Lyson's "Middlesex," p. 42).
+
+Will of John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, 1680 (Doctors' Commons):
+
+    "Item: To my daughter _Mallet_, when shee shall have attained the like
+    age of sixteen, the summe of foure thousand pounds."
+
+The Countess of Rochester was Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Mallet,
+Esq., of Enmore, Somerset.
+
+    "1699. Petition of Windebank Coote, widow, to the Lords of the
+    Treasury, showing that her husband Lambert Coote was a favourite
+    servant of King Charles II., and left her with a great charge of
+    children."--"C. Treas. P.," 1697-1702.
+
+    "Tamworth, daughter of Sir Roger Martin, of Long Melford, married
+    Thomas Rookwood (who was born Aug. 18, 1658)."--"Collect. et Top.,"
+    vol. ii. p. 145.
+
+    "1596, Nov. 21. Baptized Cartwright, daughter of Nicholas
+    Porter."--Aston-sub-Edge, Gloucester.
+
+    "1634, April 18. Baptized Steward, daughter of Sir Thomas Stanley,
+    Knight."--Stepney, London.
+
+    "1656, March 24. Douglas Sheffield, daughter of Sir John
+    Sheffield."--"Lunacy Commissions and Inquisitions," Record Office.
+
+    "1709, Feb. 3. Tankerville Chamberlyne, spinster, daughter of Edward
+    C."--Ditto.
+
+    "1601, Feb. Buryed Handforth, d. Thomas Davenport, a soldier in
+    Ireland."--Stockport Parish Church.
+
+    "1610, July 24. Baptized Kenburrow, ye daughter of Dr. Masters, one of
+    the worshipfull prebendaries."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1688, March 29. Baptized Tufton, daughter of the Rev. Dr. James
+    Jefferys, one of the prebendarys of this church."--Cant. Cath.
+
+Even down to the middle of last century the custom was not uncommonly
+practised:
+
+    "1763, Sep. 15. Thomas Steady, of Chartham, to Chesterton Harnett, of
+    the precincts of this church, spinster, by licence."--Cant. Cath.
+
+    "1759, June 12. Honourable Chatwynd Trumbull, widow."--"Lunacy
+    Commissions and Inquisitions."
+
+As to the male heirs, we need not furnish illustrations; they would
+require too much room:
+
+    "Sir Humphry Winch, Solicitor-General to Queen Elizabeth, married
+    Cicely Onslowe. His eldest son was Onslowe Winch."--"Collect. et
+    Top.," vol. iii. p. 86.
+
+    "Woodrove Foljambe, born Jan. 25, 1648, son of Peter Foljambe. His
+    mother was Jane Woodrove, of Hope, Derbyshire."--Ditto, p. 88.
+
+How common the practice was becoming among the better-class families the
+Canterbury register shall show:
+
+    "1601, April 16. Baptized Nevile, the sonne of Edwarde Whitegrave.
+
+    "1614, Nov. 28. Baptized Tunstall, sonn of Mr. William Scott, the
+    sonn-in-lawe to the worshipful Mr. Tunstall, prebendary of this
+    church.
+
+    "1615, May 15. Baptized Dudly, sonn of Mr. Doctor Jacksonn.
+
+    "1619, Dec. 16. Baptized Dudley, sonne of Sir John Wiles.
+
+    "1624, July 26. Baptized Sydney, sonne of Sirre William Barnes, K{t}."
+
+Dudley was, perhaps, the first surname that obtained a place among
+ordinary baptismal names:
+
+    "1614, Aug. 17. Christened Dudley, son of Thomas Styles.
+
+    "1684, April 17. Christened Dudley, son of Francis and Sarah
+    Dylate."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+The introduction of surnames at the font permitted private predilections
+full play. At Canterbury we naturally find:
+
+    "1727, Feb. 22. Buried Cranmer Herris, gent., in ye cloisters."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1626, Oct. Baptized Bradford, sonne of Christopher Wilson, of
+    Limehouse."--Stepney.
+
+Hanover Stirling was a scholar of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1729. A
+Scotch Jacobite in London showed some skill in the heat of the great
+crisis of 1715:
+
+    "1715, June 10. Christened Margaret Jacobina, d. of Mr. Archiball
+    Johnson, merchant."--St. Dionis Backchurch.[63]
+
+This will be sufficient. The custom is by no means extinct; but, through
+the introduction of second baptismal names, the practice is now rare, and
+all but entirely confined to boys. Two hundred and fifty years ago, it was
+quite as popular with the other sex.
+
+Both Dudley and Sydney, mentioned above, have been used so frequently that
+they have now taken a place in our ordinary list of baptismal names. So
+far as Sydney is concerned, the reason is easily explained. The Smith
+family have been so fond of commemorating the great Sydney, that it has
+spread to other families. Chauncey and Washington occupy the same position
+in the United States.
+
+
+V. THE INFLUENCE OF FOUNDLING NAMES UPON DOUBLE BAPTISMAL NAMES.
+
+One circumstance that contributed to the adoption of two baptismal names
+was the christening of foundlings. Having no father or mother to attest
+their parentage, being literally anonymous, there sprang up a custom,
+about the year 1500, of baptizing these children with a double title; only
+the second one was supposed to be the surname, and not a baptismal name at
+all. This second name was always a local name, betokening the precise
+spot, street, or parish where the child was found. Every old register has
+its numerous instances. The foundlings of St. Lawrence Jewry got the
+baptismal surname of Lawrence. At All-Hallows, Barking, the entries run:
+
+    "A child, out of Priest's Alley, christened Thomas Barkin.
+
+    "Christened a child out of Seething Lane, named Charles Parish.
+
+    "A child found in Mark Lane, and christened Mark Lane."--Maskell,
+    "All-Hallows, Barking," p. 62.
+
+At St. Dunstan-in-the-West they are still more diversified:
+
+    "1597, M{ch}. 1. Renold Falcon, a childe borne in Falcon Court, bapt.
+
+    "1611, May 11. Harbotles Harte, a poor childe found at Hart's dore in
+    Fewter Lane, bapt.
+
+    "1614, March 26. Moses Dunstan, a foundlinge in St. Dunstan's hall,
+    bapt.
+
+    "1618, Jan. 18. Mary Porch, a foundeling, bapt.
+
+    "1625, Aug. 7. Roger Middlesex was baptized.
+
+    "1627, May 19. Katherine Whitefryers was baptized."
+
+    "1610, Nov. Bapt. Elizabeth Christabell, d. of Alice Pennye, begotten
+    in fornacacion."--Stepney, London.
+
+    "1586, May 21. Christening of Peter Grace, sonne of Katherine Davis,
+    an harlot."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+    "1592, Aug. 2. Christening of Roger Peeter, so named of our church;
+    the mother a rogue, the childe was born the 22{d} July at Mr.
+    Lecroft's dore."--Ditto.
+
+The baptismal register of St. Dionis Backchurch teems with Dennis, or
+Dionys, as the name is entered:
+
+    "1623, Aug. 6. Joane Dennis, being laid at Mr. John Parke's doore in
+    Fanchurch Streete.
+
+    "1627, June 3. Denis the Bastard, who was laid in the parish.
+
+    "1691, Nov. 19. Ingram Dionis, a fondling taken up in Ingram's
+    Court."[64]
+
+We see in these registers the origin of the phrase, "It can't be laid at
+my door." Doubtless it was not always pleasant to have a little babe,
+however helpless, discovered on the doorstep. The gossips would have
+their "nods, and becks, and wreathed smiles," if they said nothing upon
+the subject. It was a common dodge to leave it on a well-known man's
+premises:
+
+    "1585, April 23. A man child was laid at Sir Edward Osbourne gate, and
+    was named Dennis Philpot, and so brought to Christes Ospitall."
+
+The same practice prevails in America. A New York correspondent wrote to
+me the other day as follows:--
+
+    "One babe, who was found in the vestibule of the City Hall, in this
+    city (New York), was called John City Hall; another, Thomas Fulton,
+    was found in Fulton Street in an ash-box; and a third, a fine boy of
+    about four months, was left in the porch of Christ Church Rectory in
+    Brooklyn. He was baptized by the name of Parish Church, by the Rev.
+    Dr. Canfeild, the then rector."
+
+The baptisms of "blackamoors" gave a double christian name, although the
+second was counted as a surname:
+
+    "Baptized, 1695, M{ch}. 27, John Wearmouth, a Tawny, taken captive,
+    aged 20."--Bishop Wearmouth (Burns).
+
+    "Baptized, 1602-3, March, Christian Ethiopia, borne a
+    Blackmore."--Stepney.
+
+    "Baptized, 1603, July, Charity Lucanoa, a Blackamor from
+    Ratcliff."--Ditto.
+
+    "1744, Sep. 27. Rum John Pritchard, a Indian and Mahomitan, baptized
+    this day by self at Mr. Pritchard's."--Fleet Registers (Burns).
+
+    "1717, ----. Baptized Charles Mustava, a black boy, servant to The
+    Honble. Lord Hartford."--Preshute, Wilts.
+
+Our forefathers did not seem to perceive it, but in all these cases double
+baptismal names were given. It must, however, have had its unfelt
+influence in leading up to the new custom, and especially to patronymics
+as second names. We are all now familiarized to these double and treble
+names. The poorest and the most abject creatures that bring a child to the
+font will have their string of grand and high-sounding titles; sometimes
+such a mouthful, that the parson's wonder is excited whence they
+accumulated them, till wonder is lost in apprehension lest he should fail
+to deliver himself of them correctly. The difficulty is increased when the
+name is pronounced as the fancy or education of the sponsor dictates. When
+one of three names is "Hugginy," the minister may be excused if he fails
+to understand all at once that "Eugenie" is intended. Such an incident
+occurred about six years ago, and the flustered parson, on a second
+inquiry, was not helped by the woman's rejoinder: "Yes, Hugginy; the way
+ladies does their 'air, you know."
+
+We must confess we are not anxious to see the new custom--for new it is in
+reality--spread; but we fear much it will do so. We have reached the stage
+when three baptismal names are almost as common as two; and we cannot but
+foresee, if this goes on, that, before the century is out, our present
+vestry-books will be compelled to have the space allotted to the font
+names enlarged. As it is, the parson is often at his wits' end how to set
+it down.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+  A
+
+  Abacuck, 62, 85, 119
+
+  Abdiah, 56
+
+  Abdias, 45
+
+  Abednego, 53, 63, 87, 190, 191
+
+  Abel, 54, 89, 90
+
+  Abelot, 90
+
+  Abericusgentylis, 223, 224
+
+  Abigail, 66, 67, 68, 141
+
+  Abner, 53
+
+  Abraham, 35, 85
+
+  Abstinence, 152, 187
+
+  Abuse-not, 162
+
+  Accepted, 123, 152, 171, 193
+
+  Achsah, 55
+
+  Acts-Apostles 58, 227
+
+  Adah, 53
+
+  Adam, 35
+
+  Adcock, 16, 35
+
+  Adecock, 15
+
+  Adkin, 10, 35
+
+  Admiral, 197
+
+  Adna, 53
+
+  Adoniram, 84, 88
+
+  Agatha, 144
+
+  Agnes, 43, 93
+
+  Aholiab, 45, 85
+
+  Aid-on-high, 174
+
+  Alathea, 144
+
+  Alianora, 23
+
+  Alice, 18
+
+  Aliot, 28
+
+  Alison, 18
+
+  Alpheus, 47
+
+  Altham, 230
+
+  Althamia, 230
+
+  Althea, 144
+
+  Always, 211
+
+  Alydea, 144
+
+  Amalasiontha, 60
+
+  Amelia, 92
+
+  America, 212
+
+  Americus, 212
+
+  Amery, 108, 212
+
+  Amice, 102
+
+  Aminadab, 57
+
+  Amity, 203, 209
+
+  Amor, 137
+
+  Amos, 51, 84
+
+  Anammeriah, 221
+
+  Ananias, 69, 73, 89, 185
+
+  And Charity, 227
+
+  Angel, 130, 131
+
+  Angela, 131
+
+  Anger, 155
+
+  Anketill, 101, 226
+
+  Anna, 23, 35, 48
+
+  Anna Maria, 220, 221
+
+  Anne, 23, 208
+
+  Anne-Mary, 221
+
+  Annette, 23
+
+  Annora, 23
+
+  Annot, 23, 25, 33, 82
+
+  Anot, 24
+
+  Antipas, 73, 74
+
+  Antony, 96
+
+  Aphora, 64
+
+  Aphra, 64
+
+  Aphrah, 63
+
+  Appoline, 95
+
+  Aquila, 53, 102
+
+  Araunah, 57
+
+  Arise, 194, 195
+
+  Asa, 53
+
+  Ashael, 53
+
+  Ashes, 63, 181
+
+  Assurance, 120
+
+  Atcock, 16
+
+  Atkin, 10
+
+  Atkinson, 13
+
+  Audria, 106
+
+  Austen, 43
+
+  Austin, 103
+
+  Avery, 101, 102
+
+  Avice, 108
+
+  Awdry, 93, 103
+
+  Axar, 55
+
+  Aymot, 79
+
+  Azariah, 53
+
+  Azarias, 57, 69
+
+
+  B
+
+  Bab, 106, 107
+
+  Badcock, 16
+
+  Baldwin, 3, 85
+
+  Baptist, 35
+
+  Barbara, 28, 107
+
+  Barbelot, 28
+
+  Barijirehah, 60
+
+  Barjonah, 57
+
+  Barnabas, 45, 205
+
+  Barrabas, 74
+
+  Bartholomew, 2, 3, 29, 34, 36, 44, 90, 92
+
+  Bartelot, 5, 29
+
+  Bartle, 5
+
+  Bartlett, 29
+
+  Barzillai, 53
+
+  Bat, 5, 6, 34, 90
+
+  Batcock, 5, 14, 16, 34
+
+  Bate, 5, 16, 85, 90
+
+  Bathsheba, 71, 110
+
+  Bathshira, 71
+
+  Bathshua, 71
+
+  Batkin, 5, 16, 77, 81
+
+  Battalion, 179
+
+  Batty, 5
+
+  Bawcock, 16
+
+  Beata, 134, 137, 138
+
+  Beatrice, 17
+
+  Beatrix, 17, 92
+
+  Beelzebub, 75
+
+  Belief, 200
+
+  Beloved, 173
+
+  Ben, 86
+
+  Benaiah, 53
+
+  Benedict, 94
+
+  Benedicta, 94, 138
+
+  Bennet, 94
+
+  Benjamin, 65
+
+  Benoni, 65
+
+  Bess, 106, 114, 116
+
+  Bessie, 114, 115
+
+  Be-steadfast, 163
+
+  Be-strong, 161
+
+  Betha, 114
+
+  Be-thankful, 161, 194
+
+  Bethia, 114
+
+  Bethsaida, 179
+
+  Bethshua, 122
+
+  Beton, 17
+
+  Betsy, 115
+
+  Bett, 114
+
+  Betty, 114, 115, 116
+
+  Beulah, 178
+
+  Bezaleel, 45
+
+  Bill, 92
+
+  Blaze, 93, 94
+
+  Boaz, 69
+
+  Bob, 6, 8
+
+  Bodkin, 10
+
+  Bonaventure, 208
+
+  Bradford, 232
+
+  Bride, 94
+
+  Brownjohn, 8
+
+
+  C
+
+  Cain, 54
+
+  Caleb, 52, 55, 61, 69
+
+  Canaan, 179
+
+  Cannon, 211
+
+  Caroletta, 112
+
+  Carolina, 92, 112
+
+  Carolina Wilhelmina Amelia, 92, 221
+
+  Caroline, 112
+
+  Cartwright, 230
+
+  Cassandra, 70
+
+  Catharine, 3, 36, 43, 93
+
+  Cecilia, 3, 6, 22, 28, 36, 43, 48, 51, 93, 228
+
+  Centurian, 178
+
+  Cess, 6
+
+  Cesselot, 28
+
+  Changed, 153
+
+  Charity, 67, 140, 141, 154, 199, 202, 204, 227, 234
+
+  Charity Lucanoa, 235
+
+  Charles, 112, 206
+
+  Charles Caractacus Ostorius Maximilian Gustavus Adolphus, 222
+
+  Charles James, 215, 216
+
+  Charles Maria, 218
+
+  Charles Mustava, 235
+
+  Charles Neville, 228
+
+  Charles Parish, 233
+
+  Charlotte, 112
+
+  Chatwynd, 231
+
+  Chauncey, 206, 207, 233
+
+  Cherubin, 170
+
+  Chesterton, 231
+
+  China, 211
+
+  Christ, 76
+
+  Christian, 33, 126, 199
+
+  Christiana, 199
+
+  Christian Ethiopia, 235
+
+  Christmas, 211
+
+  Christopher, 28
+
+  Christophilus, 123
+
+  Church-reform, 232
+
+  Chylde-of-God, 133
+
+  Cibell, 106
+
+  Cissot, 22
+
+  Clarice, 6
+
+  Clemence, 110
+
+  Clemency, 142
+
+  Cloe, 48
+
+  Cock, 14
+
+  Col, 34
+
+  Cole, 34, 90, 111
+
+  Colet, 102
+
+  Colin, 19, 31, 80
+
+  Colinet, 30, 31
+
+  Coll, 6
+
+  Collet, 80
+
+  Collin, 19
+
+  Colling, 19
+
+  Collinge, 19
+
+  Comfort, 149, 167, 204, 209
+
+  Con, 110, 143, 145
+
+  Confidence, 149
+
+  Consider, 209, 210
+
+  Constance, 143
+
+  Constancy, 142, 143
+
+  Constant, 121, 143, 193, 204
+
+  Continent, 123, 200
+
+  Cornelius, 69
+
+  Cotton, 205
+
+  Cranmer, 232
+
+  Creatura Christi, 133
+
+  Creature, 132, 133
+
+  Cressens, 57
+
+  Crestolot, 28
+
+  Cuss, 23
+
+  Cussot, 23, 143
+
+  Cust, 23, 143
+
+  Custance, 23, 143
+
+
+  D
+
+  Dalilah, 57
+
+  Damaris, 47, 48, 91
+
+  Dameris, 47, 48
+
+  Dammeris, 47
+
+  Dammy, 91
+
+  Dampris, 47
+
+  Damris, 47
+
+  Dancell-Dallphebo-Marke-Antony-Dallery-Gallery-Cesar, 182
+
+  Daniel, 35, 72
+
+  Dankin, 35
+
+  Dannet, 35
+
+  Darcas, 48
+
+  David, 6
+
+  Daw, 6
+
+  Dawkin, 10
+
+  Dawks, 13
+
+  Dean, 197
+
+  Deb, 83, 91
+
+  Deborah, 51, 66, 83, 90
+
+  Deccon, 20
+
+  Degory, 101
+
+  Deliverance, 169, 170, 209
+
+  Delivery, 169
+
+  Dennis, 103, 234
+
+  Dennis Philpot, 235
+
+  Deodat, 209
+
+  Deodatus, 137
+
+  Deonata, 137
+
+  Depend, 162
+
+  Dependance, 209
+
+  Desiderata, 137, 202
+
+  Desiderius, 137
+
+  Desire, 137, 202, 209
+
+  Diccon, 19, 82
+
+  Dicconson, 20
+
+  Dick, 8, 90, 92, 109, 111
+
+  Dickens, 13, 20
+
+  Dickenson, 13, 20
+
+  Dickin, 10, 20
+
+  Die-well, 165
+
+  Diffidence, 200
+
+  Diggon, 20
+
+  Digory, 101
+
+  Diligence, 148
+
+  Dinah, 71, 72, 75, 76
+
+  Dionisia, 20, 23
+
+  Dionys, 234
+
+  Diot, 23
+
+  Discipline, 179
+
+  Discretion, 199
+
+  Dobbin, 19
+
+  Dobinet, 30, 33, 82
+
+  Do-good, 165, 200
+
+  Dogory, 101
+
+  Doll, 92, 105, 106, 107, 111
+
+  Dolly, 107, 109
+
+  Donate, 137
+
+  Donation, 209
+
+  Donatus, 134, 137
+
+  Dora, 107
+
+  Dorcas, 47, 48, 61, 119
+
+  Do-right, 200
+
+  Dorothea, 92, 107
+
+  Dorothy, 43, 48, 107
+
+  Douce, 22, 107
+
+  Doucet, 81
+
+  Douglas, 230
+
+  Dowcett, 22
+
+  Do-well, 165
+
+  Dowsabel, 107
+
+  Dowse, 107
+
+  Dowsett, 22
+
+  Drew, 26, 100, 102
+
+  Drewcock, 16
+
+  Drewet, 26, 81
+
+  Drocock, 16
+
+  Drusilla, 73
+
+  Dudley, 231, 232
+
+  Duke, 196
+
+  Dun, 111
+
+  Dunn, 211
+
+  Dust, 63, 124
+
+
+  E
+
+  Earl, 197
+
+  Easter, 36, 96
+
+  Ebbot, 22
+
+  Ebed-meleck, 69, 83, 85
+
+  Ebenezer, 83
+
+  Eden, 179
+
+  Edward Alexander, 216
+
+  Edward Maria, 217
+
+  Elcock, 16
+
+  Eleanor, 24
+
+  Eleanora, 24
+
+  Eleazar, 205
+
+  Elena, 18, 24
+
+  Eleph, 53
+
+  Eliakim, 57
+
+  Elias, 2, 28, 35
+
+  Elicot, 28
+
+  Elihu, 53
+
+  Eli-lama-Sabachthani, 57
+
+  Eliot, 28
+
+  Elisha, 69
+
+  Elisot, 28
+
+  Eliza, 115, 116
+
+  Elizabeth, 113, 116
+
+  Elizabeth Christabell, 234
+
+  Elizabeth Mary, 220
+
+  Elizar, 102
+
+  Elkanah, 84
+
+  Ellice, 29, 101
+
+  Ellicot, 29
+
+  Elliot, 28
+
+  Ellis, 28, 29, 35
+
+  Ellisot, 29
+
+  Elnathan, 56, 205
+
+  Emanuel, 76, 130, 131, 183
+
+  Emery, 108
+
+  Emm, 5, 220
+
+  Emma, 3, 21, 29, 48, 51, 78, 79, 81
+
+  Emmett, 21
+
+  Emmot, 5, 8, 21, 27, 29, 78, 79
+
+  Emmotson, 21
+
+  Emperor, 212
+
+  Enecha, 69
+
+  Enoch, 69
+
+  Enot, 24
+
+  Epaphroditus, 69, 85
+
+  Epenetus, 57, 69
+
+  Ephin, 98
+
+  Ephraim, 69, 85
+
+  Epiphany, 36, 97
+
+  Er, 53
+
+  Erasmus, 134
+
+  Erastus, 53, 57
+
+  Esaias, 69, 72
+
+  Esau, 69
+
+  Esaye, 102
+
+  Essex, 230
+
+  Esther, 49, 96
+
+  Eugenie, 236
+
+  Eunice, 53
+
+  Euodias, 56
+
+  Eve, 24, 35
+
+  Evett, 35
+
+  Evot, 24
+
+  Evott, 35
+
+  Experience, 147, 148, 199, 203, 209
+
+  Ezechell, 69
+
+  Ezeckiell, 45
+
+  Ezekias, 102
+
+  Ezekiel, 72, 85, 88
+
+  Ezekyell, 46
+
+  Ezot, 113
+
+  Ezota, 113
+
+
+  F
+
+  Faint-not, 124, 158, 159, 194, 211
+
+  Faith, 67, 140, 141, 147, 154, 201, 204, 227
+
+  Faithful, 154, 199, 211
+
+  Faith-my-joy, 126
+
+  Fannasibilla, 223
+
+  Fare-well, 165, 166
+
+  Fauconnet, 31
+
+  Fawcett, 81
+
+  Fear, 203
+
+  Fear-God, 156, 157, 162
+
+  Fearing, 209
+
+  Fear-not, 122, 159
+
+  Fear-the-Lord, 190
+
+  Feleaman, 69
+
+  Felicity, 149
+
+  Fick, 19
+
+  Ficken, 19
+
+  Figg, 19
+
+  Figgess, 19
+
+  Figgin, 19
+
+  Figgins, 19
+
+  Figgs, 19
+
+  Fight-the-good-fight-of-faith, 180, 184, 194
+
+  Flie-fornication, 176, 194, 200
+
+  Forsaken, 176
+
+  Fortune, 176, 210
+
+  Francis, 75
+
+  Francis-Gunsby, 225
+
+  Frank, 106, 110
+
+  Free-gift, 166, 167, 193
+
+  Free-grace, 209
+
+  Free-man, 177, 178
+
+  Frideswide, 101
+
+  Friend, 211
+
+  From-above, 124, 167
+
+  Fulk, 100, 103
+
+  Fulke, 31
+
+
+  G
+
+  Gabriel, 131, 140, 183
+
+  Gamaliel, 57, 69
+
+  Gavin, 100
+
+  Gawain, 100
+
+  Gawen, 100
+
+  Gawin, 50, 100
+
+  Gawyn, 33, 103
+
+  Geoffrey, 44
+
+  George, 11, 111, 113
+
+  George William Frederic, 221
+
+  Georgi-Anna, 224
+
+  Georgina, 92
+
+  Gercyon, 69
+
+  Gershom, 39, 57, 69
+
+  Gersome, 101
+
+  Gertrude, 110
+
+  Gervase, 101
+
+  Gib, 25
+
+  Gibb, 6
+
+  Gibbet, 25
+
+  Gibbin, 19
+
+  Gibbing, 19
+
+  Gibbon, 19
+
+  Gilbert, 25
+
+  Gill, 22, 104
+
+  Gillian, 3, 22
+
+  Gillot, 22
+
+  Gillotyne, 32
+
+  Gilpin, 19
+
+  Given, 137, 209
+
+  Give-thanks, 161
+
+  Goddard, 101
+
+  Godgivu, 2
+
+  God-help, 175
+
+  Godly, 152, 153
+
+  Godric, 2
+
+  Goliath, 72
+
+  Good-gift, 167
+
+  Good-work, 200
+
+  Grace, 126, 140, 144, 147, 154, 200, 204
+
+  Graceless, 200
+
+  Gracious, 153, 172
+
+  Grigg, 6
+
+  Grissel, 106
+
+  Grizill, 103
+
+  Guion, 26
+
+  Guiot, 26
+
+  Guillotin, 32
+
+  Gulielma Maria, 218
+
+  Gulielma Maria Posthuma, 218
+
+  Guy, 3, 26, 51, 80
+
+  Gyllian, 103
+
+
+  H
+
+  Habakkuk, 56
+
+  Hadassah, 49
+
+  Hal, 26
+
+  Halkin, 11
+
+  Hallet, 26
+
+  Hamelot, 27
+
+  Hameth, 53
+
+  Hamilton, 79
+
+  Hamlet, 8, 26, 27, 29, 78, 79, 101
+
+  Hammett, 101
+
+  Hamnet, 26, 27, 29
+
+  Hamon, 26, 29, 78
+
+  Hamond, 26, 29, 78, 79
+
+  Hamonet, 27
+
+  Hamynet, 33
+
+  Han-cock, 10, 16
+
+  Handcock, 16
+
+  Handforth, 231
+
+  Handmaid, 178, 195
+
+  Hankin, 10, 11, 82
+
+  Hanna, 35
+
+  Hannah, 47, 49, 144
+
+  Hanover, 232
+
+  Harbotles Harte, 234
+
+  Hariph, 53
+
+  Harriet, 26
+
+  Harriot, 26
+
+  Harry, 88, 90, 92, 109
+
+  Hate-bad, 200, 211
+
+  Hate-evil, 119, 163, 210, 211
+
+  Hatill, 163
+
+  Have-mercie, 175
+
+  Hawkes, 13
+
+  Hawkin, 11
+
+  Hawkins, 13
+
+  Hawks, 13
+
+  Heacock, 16
+
+  Heavenly-mind, 200
+
+  Heber, 53
+
+  Helpless, 175
+
+  Help-on-high, 160, 174, 181, 189
+
+  Henrietta Maria, 215, 216, 218
+
+  Henry, 3, 26, 44, 126
+
+  Henry Frederick, 215, 217
+
+  Henry Postumus, 219
+
+  Hephzibah, 53
+
+  Hercules, 70
+
+  Hester, 35, 48
+
+  Hew, 26
+
+  Hewet, 26, 81
+
+  Hewlett, 28
+
+  Hick, 6, 85
+
+  Hickin, 35
+
+  Higg, 26
+
+  Higget, 35
+
+  Higgin, 19, 35, 82
+
+  Higgot, 26, 35
+
+  Hillary, 94
+
+  Hiscock, 16
+
+  Hitch-cock, 16
+
+  Hobb, 6
+
+  Hobelot, 28
+
+  Hodge, 82, 85, 90
+
+  Hold-the-world, 200
+
+  Honest, 199
+
+  Honora, 92, 145
+
+  Honour, 139, 142, 145
+
+  Hope, 140, 147, 154, 202, 209, 227
+
+  Hopeful, 125, 159, 199
+
+  Hope-on-high, 189
+
+  Hope-still, 159, 160, 204, 209
+
+  Hope-well, 160
+
+  Hopkin, 10
+
+  Hopkins, 13
+
+  Howe-Lee, 225
+
+  Hud, 6
+
+  Huelot, 28
+
+  Huggin, 19
+
+  Huggins, 18
+
+  Hugginy, 236
+
+  Hugh, 6, 18, 19, 26, 28
+
+  Hughelot, 28
+
+  Hugonet, 31, 32
+
+  Huguenin, 31
+
+  Huguenot, 32
+
+  Hugyn, 18
+
+  Humanity, 142
+
+  Humble, 152, 200
+
+  Humiliation, 151
+
+  Humility, 152, 203, 205
+
+  Humphrey, 88
+
+  Hutchin, 18
+
+  Hutchinson, 18
+
+  Hyppolitus, 70
+
+
+  I
+
+  Ibbetson, 22
+
+  Ibbett, 22
+
+  Ibbot, 22, 81
+
+  Ibbotson, 22
+
+  Ichabod, 65, 205
+
+  If-Christ-had-not-died-for-thee-thou-hadst-been-damned, 156
+
+  Immanuel, 42
+
+  Increase, 168, 169, 194, 205, 209
+
+  Increased, 122, 168, 195
+
+  Ingram, 100
+
+  Ingram Dionis, 234
+
+  Inward, 179
+
+  Isaac, 3, 26, 35, 203, 205, 206
+
+  Isabella, 3, 22, 48, 51, 81
+
+  Isaiah, 52
+
+  Issott, 81
+
+  Ithamaria, 223
+
+
+  J
+
+  Jabez, 40
+
+  Jachin, 53
+
+  Jack, 2, 6, 8, 26, 90
+
+  Jackcock, 8
+
+  Jackett, 26
+
+  Jacob, 35
+
+  Jacolin, 106
+
+  Jacomyn, 103, 106
+
+  Jacquinot, 31
+
+  Jaell, 46, 65
+
+  James, 36
+
+  James-Smith, 225
+
+  Jane, 48, 103, 106
+
+  Jannet, 31
+
+  Jannetin, 31
+
+  Janniting, 31
+
+  Jannotin, 31
+
+  Japhet, 195
+
+  Jeduthan, 53
+
+  Jeffcock, 14, 16, 81
+
+  Jeffkin, 10
+
+  Jehoiada, 53
+
+  Jehostiaphat, 85
+
+  Jenkin, 8, 11, 33
+
+  Jenkinson, 13
+
+  Jenks, 13
+
+  Jennin, 19
+
+  Jenning, 8, 19
+
+  Jeremiah, 63, 88, 90
+
+  Jeremy, 63, 69, 72, 88
+
+  Jermyna, 230
+
+  Jerry, 91
+
+  Jesus-Christ-came-into-the-world-to-save, 156
+
+  Jethro, 101
+
+  Jill, 2, 22, 104
+
+  Joab, 53
+
+  Joan, 103, 106
+
+  Joane Dennis, 234
+
+  Joane Yorkkoope, 224
+
+  Job, 69, 84, 126
+
+  Job-rakt-out-of-the-asshes, 181, 184
+
+  Joel, 51
+
+  Jockaminshaw, 223, 224
+
+  John, 2, 3, 7, 35, 36, 110, 111, 112, 126, 197, 208, 215, 226
+
+  Johnamaria, 223
+
+  John Christopher Burton, 222
+
+  John City Hall, 235
+
+  Johncock, 16
+
+  John Posthumus, 219
+
+  John Wearmouth, 235
+
+  Jolly, 211
+
+  Jonadab, 69
+
+  Jonathan, 69, 206
+
+  Jordan, 11, 35, 37
+
+  Jordanson, 35
+
+  Joseph, 35
+
+  Joshua, 69
+
+  Joskin, 35
+
+  Jowett, 22
+
+  Joy-againe, 124
+
+  Joyce, 67, 103, 107, 114
+
+  Joye, 205
+
+  Joy-in-sorrow, 174
+
+  Juckes, 13
+
+  Juckin, 11
+
+  Judas, 36
+
+  Judas-not-Iscariot, 74
+
+  Judd, 6, 11, 35
+
+  Jude, 110
+
+  Judith, 35, 48, 49
+
+  Judkin, 11, 35
+
+  Judson, 35
+
+  Jukes, 13
+
+  Julian, 22
+
+  Juliana, 104
+
+  Juliet, 22
+
+  Junior, 197
+
+  Just, 204
+
+  Justice, 142
+
+
+  K
+
+  Kate, 92, 105, 106
+
+  Katherine Whitefryers, 234
+
+  Kelita, 53
+
+  Kenburrow, 231
+
+  Kerenhappuch, 56
+
+  Keturah, 57
+
+  Keziah, 57
+
+  Kit, 86, 87
+
+  Knowledge, 199
+
+
+  L
+
+  Laetitia, 92, 108
+
+  Lais, 70, 71
+
+  Lambert, 31
+
+  Lamberton, 20
+
+  Lambin, 20, 81
+
+  Lambinet, 31
+
+  Lambkin, 10
+
+  Lamblin, 20
+
+  Lament, 163, 164, 176
+
+  Lamentation, 174, 187
+
+  Lamentations, 63
+
+  Lamin, 20
+
+  Laming, 20
+
+  Lammin, 20
+
+  Lamming, 20
+
+  Lampin, 20
+
+  Lampkin, 10
+
+  Larkin, 6, 10
+
+  Lawrence, 233
+
+  Laycock, 15
+
+  Leah, 47, 66, 69
+
+  Learn-wisdom, 119
+
+  Learn-wysdome, 163
+
+  Lemon, 211
+
+  Lemuel, 53
+
+  Lesot, 23
+
+  Lettice, 23, 48, 108
+
+  Life, 209
+
+  Lina, 24
+
+  Linot, 24
+
+  Little, 197
+
+  Littlejohn, 8
+
+  Live-loose, 200
+
+  Lively, 153
+
+  Live-well, 164, 200
+
+  Living, 170
+
+  Louisa, 92
+
+  Love, 137, 141, 203
+
+  Love-God, 164, 165, 200
+
+  Love-lust, 200
+
+  Love Venus, 70
+
+  Love-well, 165
+
+  Luccock, 15
+
+
+  M
+
+  Mab, 22
+
+  Mabbott, 22
+
+  Mabel, 22
+
+  Madge, 33, 82
+
+  Magdalen, 126
+
+  Magnify, 161
+
+  Magot, 23
+
+  Mahaliel, 57
+
+  Mahershalalhashbaz, 41, 58, 120
+
+  Major, 196
+
+  Makin, 12
+
+  Makinson, 12
+
+  Malachi, 52, 53, 69
+
+  Malkin, 9, 11, 12
+
+  Malkynson, 12
+
+  Mallet, 230
+
+  Manasseh, 40, 203
+
+  Margaret, 3, 22
+
+  Margaret Jacobina, 232
+
+  Margerie, 25, 106
+
+  Margett, 22
+
+  Margotin, 31
+
+  Margott, 23
+
+  Maria, 92, 215, 217, 220 223
+
+  Marian, 19, 227
+
+  Maria Posthuma, 219
+
+  Marion, 18, 24
+
+  Mariot, 24
+
+  Mariotin, 32
+
+  Marioton, 31
+
+  Mark Lane, 233
+
+  Marshall, 197
+
+  Martha, 47
+
+  Mary, 12, 24, 105, 113, 218, 220
+
+  Mary Ann, 220, 227
+
+  Mary Given, 137
+
+  Mary Josephina Antonietta, 222
+
+  Mary Porch, 234
+
+  Mat, 95, 110
+
+  Matathias, 100
+
+  Mathea, 95
+
+  Matilda, 3, 21, 48, 81, 106
+
+  Matthew, 13, 36, 92
+
+  Maud, 12, 48
+
+  Maurice, 101
+
+  Maycock, 13, 16
+
+  Meacock, 13
+
+  Meakin, 12
+
+  Mehetabell, 66
+
+  Melchisedek, 56, 83, 85, 101
+
+  Melior, 138
+
+  Mephibosheth, 85
+
+  Mercy, 110, 142, 154, 199, 209
+
+  Meshach, 53, 63
+
+  Michael, 131, 183
+
+  Michalaliel, 60
+
+  Micklejohn, 8
+
+  Milcom, 74
+
+  Miles, 44, 51
+
+  Miracle, 178
+
+  Mocock, 15
+
+  Mokock, 15
+
+  Moll, 106, 111
+
+  Mordecai, 57, 63
+
+  Mordecay, 69
+
+  More-fruite, 124, 167, 168, 194
+
+  Morrice, 101
+
+  Moses Dunstan, 234
+
+  Much-mercy, 122, 170, 194
+
+  Mun, 111
+
+  Mycock, 16
+
+  My-sake, 178
+
+
+  N
+
+  Nab, 89, 90
+
+  Nan, 92, 104, 105, 111
+
+  Nancy, 105, 106
+
+  Naphtali, 53
+
+  Nat, 91, 206
+
+  Nathaniel, 69, 78, 90, 119, 126, 205, 206
+
+  Natkin, 78
+
+  Nazareth, 179
+
+  Ned, 111
+
+  Nehemiah, 119, 120
+
+  Nell, 106
+
+  Neptune, 70
+
+  Neriah, 53
+
+  Neville, 228, 231
+
+  Nichol, 82
+
+  Nicholas, 2, 3, 34, 36, 37, 43, 45, 80, 90, 91, 92
+
+  Nick, 111
+
+  Noah, 35, 69, 195
+
+  Noel, 36, 98, 99
+
+  No-merit, 122, 170, 174
+
+  Northamtonia, 229
+
+  Nothing, 211
+
+  Nowell, 36, 99
+
+
+  O
+
+  Obadiah, 72
+
+  Obediah, 51, 61, 69
+
+  Obedience, 148
+
+  Obey, 162
+
+  Oceanus, 208
+
+  Olive, 106
+
+  Olivia, 92, 106, 221
+
+  Onesiphorus, 56, 57, 85
+
+  Onslowe, 231
+
+  Opportunity, 211
+
+  Original, 128, 129
+
+  Othniell, 69
+
+  Oziell, 69
+
+
+  P
+
+  Palcock, 16
+
+  Pardon, 209
+
+  Paris, 70
+
+  Parish Church, 235
+
+  Parkin, 34
+
+  Parnel, 104
+
+  Parratt, 79
+
+  Pascal, 36
+
+  Pasche, 96
+
+  Pascoe, 96
+
+  Pash, 11
+
+  Pashkin, 11
+
+  Pask, 11, 36
+
+  Paskin, 11
+
+  Patience, 120, 139, 143, 145, 147, 202, 203, 204
+
+  Patient, 204
+
+  Paul, 36
+
+  Payn, 26
+
+  Paynet, 26
+
+  Paynot, 26
+
+  Peaceable, 203
+
+  Peacock, 15, 34
+
+  Peg, 106
+
+  Pelatiah, 57
+
+  Peleg, 69
+
+  Pentecost, 36, 43, 98
+
+  Pepper, 211
+
+  Peregrine, 208
+
+  Perkin, 11, 34
+
+  Perks, 13
+
+  Perot, 79
+
+  Perrin, 18, 19, 34, 81
+
+  Perrinot, 31
+
+  Perrot, 34, 79
+
+  Perrotin, 31
+
+  Perseverance, 149, 187, 204
+
+  Persis, 48, 121
+
+  Peter, 2, 3, 18, 34, 36, 37, 45, 51, 79, 92, 105
+
+  Peter Grace, 234
+
+  Petronilla, 105
+
+  Pharaoh, 52, 69, 72
+
+  Phebe, 48
+
+  Philadelphia, 144
+
+  Philcock, 81
+
+  Philemon, 45, 53, 69
+
+  Philip, 2, 3, 26, 36, 37, 51, 90, 92, 95, 113
+
+  Philiponet, 31
+
+  Phillis, 106
+
+  Philpot, 26, 77, 80
+
+  Phineas, 52
+
+  Phippin, 19, 81
+
+  Phip, 85, 90
+
+  Pidcock, 15
+
+  Pierce, 82
+
+  Pierre, 34
+
+  Piers, 79
+
+  Piety, 199
+
+  Pipkin, 11
+
+  Pleasant, 177
+
+  Pol, 36
+
+  Pontius Pilate, 58
+
+  Posthuma, 217, 218
+
+  Posthumus, 45, 215, 217, 218, 219
+
+  Potkin, 11
+
+  Praise-God, 119, 156, 157, 158
+
+  Presela, 126
+
+  Preserved, 173, 210
+
+  Prince, 197
+
+  Pris, 91
+
+  Priscilla, 47, 48, 90, 126
+
+  Properjohn, 8
+
+  Providence, 178
+
+  Pru, 142, 145
+
+  Prudence, 129, 142, 145, 155, 199, 202, 209
+
+  Prudentia, 92, 142
+
+  Purifie, 125
+
+  Purkiss, 13
+
+
+  Q
+
+  Quod-vult-Deus, 135
+
+
+  R
+
+  Rachel, 66, 67, 69, 141
+
+  Ralph, 20, 37, 85, 111
+
+  Ramoth-Gilead, 54
+
+  Raoul, 20
+
+  Raoulin, 20
+
+  Rawlings, 20
+
+  Rawlins, 20
+
+  Rawlinson, 20
+
+  Rebecca, 45, 51, 66
+
+  Redeemed, 136, 193
+
+  Redemptus, 136
+
+  Rediviva, 136
+
+  Reformation, 179
+
+  Refrayne, 162
+
+  Rejoice, 147, 160, 161, 209
+
+  Rejoyce, 122
+
+  Reliance, 209
+
+  Relictus, 137
+
+  Remember, 203, 209
+
+  Remembrance, 204
+
+  Renata, 136
+
+  Renatus, 134, 136
+
+  Renewed, 121, 136, 194
+
+  Renold Falcon, 234
+
+  Renovata, 134, 136
+
+  Repent, 153, 162, 175
+
+  Repentance, 45, 150, 151, 153, 176, 194
+
+  Replenish, 168
+
+  Resolved, 203
+
+  Restore, 175, 193
+
+  Restraint, 187
+
+  Returne, 162, 194
+
+  Revelation, 191
+
+  Revolt, 203
+
+  Richard, 3, 28, 37, 44, 46, 103, 110, 119, 131, 184, 195, 205
+
+  Richelot, 28
+
+  Riches, 177, 210
+
+  River, 211
+
+  Robelot, 28
+
+  Robert, 3, 28, 37, 44, 52, 110, 211, 228
+
+  Robbin, 19
+
+  Robin, 19, 33
+
+  Robinet, 30
+
+  Robing, 19
+
+  Robinson, 197
+
+  Roger, 3, 37, 52, 90, 119
+
+  Roger Middlesex, 234
+
+  Roger Peeter, 234
+
+  Rum John Pritchard, 235
+
+  Rutterkin, 10
+
+
+  S
+
+  Sabbath, 179
+
+  Safe-deliverance, 131, 169
+
+  Safe-on-high, 121, 174, 194, 200
+
+  Salt, 211
+
+  Sampson, 35
+
+  Samuel, 205
+
+  Sancho, 130
+
+  Sander, 15
+
+  Sandercock, 15
+
+  Sapphira, 73
+
+  Sara, 35, 45, 66
+
+  Sarah, 51, 205
+
+  Saturday, 180
+
+  Sea-born, 208
+
+  Sea-mercy, 208
+
+  Search-the-Scriptures, 200, 210
+
+  Search-truth, 200
+
+  See-truth, 200
+
+  Sehon, 74
+
+  Selah, 57, 178
+
+  Senchia, 130
+
+  Sense, 129, 130
+
+  Seraphim, 170
+
+  Seth, 69, 102
+
+  Seuce, 129
+
+  Shadrach, 53, 63
+
+  Shadrack, 57
+
+  Shallum, 53, 56
+
+  Shelah, 53
+
+  Shorter, 197
+
+  Sib, 92, 105, 106
+
+  Sibb, 106
+
+  Sibby, 106
+
+  Sibilla, 24
+
+  Sibot, 24
+
+  Sibyl, 105
+
+  Sidney, 207
+
+  Silcock, 16
+
+  Silence, 11, 145, 147, 200
+
+  Silkin, 11
+
+  Sill, 11, 111, 145, 146
+
+  Sim, 6, 33, 82
+
+  Simcock, 14, 15
+
+  Simkin, 11
+
+  Simon, 2, 3, 36, 43, 45, 92, 111
+
+  Simpkinson, 13
+
+  Sincere, 199
+
+  Sin-denie, 122
+
+  Sin-deny, 162
+
+  Sir Isaac, 197, 227
+
+  Sir Robert, 197, 227
+
+  Sirs, 54
+
+  Sis, 92, 93, 105
+
+  Sissot, 22, 81
+
+  Something, 211
+
+  Sophia, 92, 144, 221
+
+  Sorry-for-sin, 122, 153
+
+  Sou'wester, 207
+
+  Squire, 196
+
+  Standfast, 199, 209
+
+  Stand-fast-on-high, 174
+
+  Stedfast, 121
+
+  Stepkin, 10
+
+  Sterling, 211
+
+  Steward, 230
+
+  Subpena, 137
+
+  Sudden, 212
+
+  Supply, 209
+
+  Susan, 48, 49, 106, 129
+
+  Susanna, 35
+
+  Susey, 129
+
+  Sybil, 11, 145
+
+  Sydney, 207, 231, 232, 233
+
+  Syssot, 22
+
+
+  T
+
+  Tabitha, 47, 119
+
+  Tace, 146, 147
+
+  Tacey, 147
+
+  Talitha-Cumi, 57
+
+  Talkative, 200
+
+  Tamar, 71, 72, 75, 76
+
+  Tamaris, 47
+
+  Tamsin, 109
+
+  Tamson, 108
+
+  Tamworth, 230
+
+  Tankerville, 230
+
+  Tebbutt, 26
+
+  Tellno, 54
+
+  Temperance, 129, 142, 143, 144, 145, 204, 209
+
+  Tetsy, 115
+
+  Tetty, 115
+
+  Thank, 109
+
+  Thankful, 123, 171, 172, 173, 200
+
+  Thanks, 171, 172
+
+  Theobald, 25, 36, 43
+
+  Theobalda, 43
+
+  Theophania, 97
+
+  Theophilus, 69, 126
+
+  Tholy, 5
+
+  Thomas, 2, 3, 26, 34, 36, 75, 108, 203, 215
+
+  Thomas Barkin, 233
+
+  Thomasena, 109
+
+  Thomaset, 26
+
+  Thomas Fulton, 235
+
+  Thomas Hill Joseph Napoleon Horatio Bonaparte Swindlehurst Nelson, 222
+
+  Thomasin, 109
+
+  Thomasine, 108, 110
+
+  Thomas Maria, 215
+
+  Thomas Posthumus, 215, 219
+
+  Thomazin, 109
+
+  Thomesin, 109
+
+  Thurstan, 102
+
+  Thurston, 50
+
+  Tib, 6, 25, 43, 104, 106
+
+  Tibbe, 25, 26
+
+  Tibbett, 25
+
+  Tibbin, 19
+
+  Tibbitt, 25
+
+  Tibet, 25, 33, 82
+
+  Tibbot, 25
+
+  Tibot, 25, 43
+
+  Tiffanie, 97
+
+  Tiffany, 36, 97
+
+  Tiffeny, 97
+
+  Tillett, 21
+
+  Tillot, 21
+
+  Tillotson, 21
+
+  Tim, 6
+
+  Timothy, 36
+
+  Tipkin, 11
+
+  Tippin, 19
+
+  Tipping, 19
+
+  Tippitt, 25
+
+  Tobel, 40
+
+  Toll, 29
+
+  Tollett, 20
+
+  Tollitt, 29
+
+  Tolly, 5, 29
+
+  Tom, 8, 34, 82, 86, 87, 90, 92, 109, 111, 122
+
+  Tomasin, 109
+
+  Tomkin, 11, 34
+
+  Tonkin, 10
+
+  Trial, 187
+
+  Tribulation, 120, 147, 185, 186
+
+  Trinity, 178
+
+  True-heart, 200
+
+  Truth, 142, 144, 202
+
+  Tryphena, 48, 57
+
+  Tryphosa, 48, 57
+
+  Tufton, 231
+
+  Tunstall, 231
+
+  Tyffanie, 97
+
+  Tyllot, 21
+
+  Typhenie, 97
+
+
+  U
+
+  Unfeigned, 172
+
+  Unity, 178
+
+  Upright, 200
+
+  Urias, 102
+
+  Ursula, 43, 93
+
+
+  V
+
+  Vashni, 53
+
+  Venus, 70, 71, 75, 76
+
+  Victory, 149
+
+  Virginia, 208
+
+  Virtue, 148
+
+  Vitalis, 132, 133
+
+
+  W
+
+  Walter, 3
+
+  Warin, 26
+
+  Warinot, 26
+
+  Washington, 232
+
+  Wat, 82, 85, 90
+
+  Watchful, 199
+
+  Watkin, 9, 11, 77, 81
+
+  Watkins, 13
+
+  Watt, 6
+
+  Weakly, 175
+
+  Wealthy, 177, 209, 210
+
+  Welcome, 209
+
+  What-God-will, 135
+
+  Wilcock, 8, 16, 34, 77
+
+  Wilkin, 8, 9, 11, 34
+
+  Will, 6, 86, 88, 111
+
+  Willan, 34
+
+  William, 3, 7, 26, 34, 44, 110, 112, 184, 195, 203
+
+  William Henry, 220
+
+  Willin, 34
+
+  Willing, 34
+
+  Willot, 8
+
+  Wilmot, 8, 26, 34, 80
+
+  Windebank, 230
+
+  Woodrove, 231
+
+  Wrath, 155
+
+  Wrestling, 203
+
+  Wyatt, 26, 80
+
+  Wyon, 26
+
+
+  Y
+
+  Young Allen, 197
+
+  Young John, 197, 227
+
+
+  Z
+
+  Zabulon, 85
+
+  Zachary, 46, 69, 88
+
+  Zanchy, 130
+
+  Zaphnaphpaaneah, 58
+
+  Zaphnaphpaaneah Isaiah Obededom Nicodemus Francis Edward, 222
+
+  Zeal-for-God, 200
+
+  Zeal-of-the-land, 88, 120, 187, 188
+
+  Zebulon, 69
+
+  Zephaniah, 52, 87
+
+  Zerrubabel, 40, 41, 119, 120
+
+  Zillah, 53
+
+  Zipporah, 66, 86
+
+
+
+
+_Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles._
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] This is easily proved. In the wardrobe accounts for Edward IV., 1480,
+occur the following items:--
+
+    "John Poyntmaker, for pointing of xl. dozen points of silk pointed
+    with agelettes of laton.
+
+    "John Carter, for cariage away of a grete loode of robeux that was
+    left in the strete.
+
+    "To a laborer called Rychard Gardyner working in the gardyne.
+
+    "To Alice Shapster for making and washing of xxiiii. sherts, and
+    xxiiii. stomachers."
+
+Shapster is a feminine form of Shapper or Shaper--one who shaped or cut
+out cloths for garments. All these several individuals, having no
+particular surname, took or received one from the occupation they
+temporarily followed.--"Privy Purse Expenses, Eliz. of York," p. 122.
+
+[2] Any number of such instances might be recorded. Mr. W. C. Leighton, in
+_Notes and Queries_, February 23, 1861, notices a deed dated 1347, wherein
+two John de Leightons, brothers, occur. Mr. Waters, in his interesting
+pamphlet, "Parish Registers" (p. 30), says that Protector Somerset had
+three sons christened Edward, born respectively 1529, 1539, and 1548. All
+were _living_ at the same time. He adds that John Leland, the antiquary,
+had a brother John, and that John White, Bishop of Winchester 1556-1560,
+was brother to Sir John White, Knight, Lord Mayor in 1563.
+
+[3] "I also give to the said Robert ... that land which Hobbekin de Bothum
+held of me."--Ext. deed of Sir Robert de Stokeport, Knight, 1189-1199:
+Earwaker's "East Cheshire," p. 334.
+
+[4] I have seen Stepkin as a surname but once. Lieutenant Charles Stepkin
+served under the Duke of Northumberland, in 1640.--Peacock's "Army List of
+Roundheads and Cavaliers," p. 78.
+
+[5] _Adekyn_ was the simple and only title of the harper to Prince Edward
+in 1306, who attended the _cour pleniere_ held by King Edward at the feast
+of Whitsuntide at Westminster.--Chappell, "Popular Music of ye Olden
+Time," p. 29.
+
+[6] Sill was the nick form of Sybil and Silas till the seventeenth
+century, when the Puritan Silence seized it. I have only seen one instance
+of the surname, "John Silkin" being set down as dwelling in Tattenhall,
+Cheshire, in 1531 (Earwaker's "East Cheshire," p. 56).
+
+[7] Nevertheless the surname did exist in Yorkshire in Richard II.'s
+reign:
+
+    "Willelmus Malkynson, and Dionisia uxor ejus, iiii{d}."--W. D. S.
+
+[8] I need not quote, in proof of the popularity of _kin_, our surnames of
+Simpkinson, Hopkins, Dickens, Dickenson, Watkins, Hawkins, Jenkinson,
+Atkinson, and the rest. I merely mention that the patronymics ending in
+_kins_ got abbreviated into _kiss_, and _kes_, and _ks_. Hence the origin
+of our Perkes, Purkiss, Hawkes, and Hawks, Dawks, Jenks, Juckes, and Jukes
+(Judkins).
+
+[9] In this class we must assuredly place Figgins. In the Hundred Rolls
+appears "Ralph, son of Fulchon." Here, of course, is the diminutive of the
+once common Fulke. Fick and Figg were the nick forms:
+
+    "1 Henry VIII. To Fygge the taborer, 6{d}."--Churchwarden's Books of
+    Kingston-on-Thames, Brand's "Pop. Ant.," i. 147.
+
+The London Directory has all the forms and corruptions as surnames,
+including Fick, Ficken, Figg, Figgs, Figgess, and Figgins.
+
+[10] Guion was not half so popular in England as Guiot. There are
+fifty-five Wyatts to three Wyons in the London Directory (1870). If
+Spenser had written of Guyon two centuries earlier, this might have been
+altered. Guy Fawkes ruined Guy. He can never be so popular again.
+
+[11] Cornwall would naturally be last to be touched by the Reformation.
+Hence these old forms were still used to the close of Elizabeth's reign,
+as for instance:
+
+    "1576, March 24. Baptized Ibbett, d. of Kateryne Collys, bastard.
+
+    "1576, July 30. Baptized Isott, d. of Richard Moyle."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+[12] This connection of Scripture name with present circumstance ran out
+its full period. In the diary of Samuel Jeake, a well-known Puritan of
+Rye, occurs this reference to his son, born August 13, 1688: "At 49
+minutes past 11 p.m. exactly (allowing 10' that the sun sets at Rye before
+he comes to the level of the horizon, for the watch was set by the
+sun-setting), my wife was safely delivered of a son, whom I named
+Manasseh, hoping that God had now made me _forget_ all my
+toils."--"History of Town and Port of Rye," p. 576. Manasseh =
+forgetfulness.
+
+A bishop may be instanced. Aylmer, who succeeded Sandys in the see of
+London, was for many years a favourer of Puritanism, and had been one of
+the exiles. His sixth son was _Tobel_ (_i.e._ God is good), of Writtle, in
+Essex. Archbishop Whitgift was his godfather, and the reason for his
+singular appellation was his mother's being overturned in a coach without
+injury when she was pregnant (Cooper's "Ath. Cant." ii. 172).
+
+Again: "At Dr. Whitaker's death, his wife is described as being 'partui
+vicina,' and a week afterwards her child was christened by the name of
+_Jabez_, doubtless for the scriptural reason 'because, she said, I bare
+him with sorrow.'"--Cooper's "Ath. Cant." ii. 197.
+
+[13] Esther's other name of Hadassah had a share of favour. So late as
+William and Mary's reign we find the name in use:
+
+    "1691, May 24. Christened Hadasa, daughter of Arthur Richardson.
+
+    "1693, Sep. 4. Christened John, son of Nicholas and Hadassah
+    Davis."--St. Dionis Backchurch.
+
+[14] In the Lancashire "Church Surveys," 1649-1655, being the first volume
+of the Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society's publications, edited by
+Colonel Fishwick, occur Thurston Brown, Thurston Brere, Thurston Brich, on
+one single page of the index.
+
+[15] To tell a lie is to tell a _lee_ in Lancashire.
+
+[16] Several names seem to have been taken directly from the Hebrew
+tongue. "Amalasioutha" occurs as a baptismal name in the will of a man
+named Corbye, 1594 (Rochester Wills); Barijirehah in that of J. Allen,
+1651, and Michalaliel among the Pilgrim Fathers (Hotten).
+
+[17] Colonel Cunningham, in his annotations of the "Alchemist," says,
+speaking of the New Englanders bearing the Puritan prejudices with them:
+"So deeply was it rooted, that in the rebellion of the colonies a member
+of that State seriously proposed to Congress the putting down of the
+English language by law, and decreeing the universal adoption of the
+Hebrew in its stead."--Vol. ii. p. 33, Jonson's Works.
+
+[18] The following entry is a curiosity:
+
+    "1756, May 24. Buried Love Venus Rivers."--St. Peter, Cornhill.
+
+[19] Even Nathaniel may have been a pre-Reformation name, for Grumio says,
+"Call forth Nathaniel, Joseph, Nicholas, Philip, Walter, Sugarsop, and the
+rest; let their heads be sleekly combed" ("Taming of the Shrew," Act iv.
+sc. 1.), where he is manifestly using the old names.
+
+[20] Zachary was the then form of Zachariah, as Jeremy of Jeremiah.
+Neither is a nickname.
+
+[21] The story of Cain and Abel would be popularized in the "mysteries."
+Abelot was a favourite early pet form (_vide_ "English Surnames," index;
+also p. 82).
+
+[22] "Jan, 1537. Item: payed to Blaze for brawdering a payre of sleves for
+my lady's grace, xx{s}."--"Privy Purse Expenses, Princess Mary."
+
+[23] Philip is found just as frequently for girls as boys:
+
+    "1588, March 15. Baptized Phillip, daughter of John Younge.
+
+    "1587, Feb. 7. Baptized Phillip, daughter of James Laurence."--St.
+    Columb Major.
+
+[24] In the Oxford edition, 1859, is a foot-note: "Appoline was the usual
+name in England, as Appoline in France, for Apollonia, a martyr at
+Alexandria, who, among other tortures, had all her teeth beaten out."
+
+[25] Mr. Beesley, in his "History of Banbury" (p. 456), curiously enough
+speaks of this _Epiphany_ as a Puritan example. I need not say that a
+Banbury zealot would have as soon gone to the block as impose such a title
+on his child.
+
+[26] Gawain, Gawen, or Gavin lingered till last century in Cumberland and
+the Furrness district. The surname of Gunson in the same parts shows that
+"Gun" was a popular form. Hence, in the Hundred Rolls, Matilda fil. Gunne
+or Eustace Gunnson. The London Directory forms are Gowan, Gowen, and
+Gowing:
+
+    "1593, Nov. 7. Buried Sarra Bone, wife of Gawen Bone."--St. Dionis
+    Backchurch.
+
+[27] A good instance of the position in society of Jane and Joan is seen
+in Rowley's "A Woman never Vexed," where, in the _dramatis personae_,
+_Jane_ is daughter to the London Alderman, and _Joan_ servant-wench to the
+Widow. The play was written about 1630.
+
+[28] There seems to have been some difficulty in forming the feminines of
+Charles, all of which are modern. Charlotte was known in England before
+the queen of George III. made it popular, through the brave Charlet la
+Tremouille, Lady Derby; but it was rarely used:
+
+    "1670, Oct. 26. Sir Sam{l}. Morland to Carola Harsnet."--Westminster
+    Abbey.
+
+    "1703. Charlotte Eliza, d. of Mr. John Harmand, a French
+    minister."--Hammersmith.
+
+    "9 Will. III. June 29. Caroletta Hasting, defendant."--Decree Rolls,
+    MSS. Record Office.
+
+Carolina, Englished into Caroline, became for a while the favourite, but
+Charlotte ran away with the honours after the beloved princess of that
+name died.
+
+[29] Bethia still lingers in certain families, but its origin has
+manifestly been forgotten. In _Notes and Queries_, February 23, 1861, Mr.
+W. A. Leighton deems the name an incorrect version of the scriptural
+Bithiah (1 Chron. iv. 18); while "G.," writing March 9, 1861, evidently
+agrees with this conclusion, for after saying that his aunt, a sister, and
+two cousins bear it, he adds, "They spell it Bethia and Bathia, instead of
+Bithiah, which is the accurate form"! Miss Yonge also is at fault: "The
+old name of Bethia, to be found in various English families, probably came
+from an ancestral Beth on either Welsh, Scots, or Irish sides." She makes
+it Keltic.
+
+The latest instance of Bethia I have seen is the following, on a mural
+tablet in Kirkthorpe Church, York:--
+
+    "Bethia Atkins, ob. Ap. 16th, 1851, aged 74."
+
+[30] "But the ridicule which falls on this mode of naming children belongs
+not to these times only, for the practice was in use long
+before."--Harris, "Life of Oliver Cromwell," p. 342.
+
+[31] This child was buried a few days later. From the name given the
+father seems to have expected the event.
+
+[32] From 1585 to 1600, that is, in fifteen years, Warbleton register
+records more than a hundred examples of eccentric Puritanism.
+
+[33] This name crept into Yorkshire after Accepted Frewen became
+archbishop. "Thornton Church is a little episcopal chapel-of-ease, rich in
+Nonconformist monuments, as of Accepted Lister, and his friend Dr.
+Hale."--Mrs. Gaskell's "Charlotte Bronte," p. 37.
+
+[34] Faith-my-joy was buried June 12, 1602. While the name was Puritan in
+the sense that it would never have been given but for the zealots, it was
+merely a translation of the Purefoy motto, "Pure Foi ma Joi." Antony
+turned it into a spiritual allusion.
+
+[35] "On Jan. 28, 17 James I., William Foster ... together with Sir Henry
+Burton, Susan Mowne, and James Bynde, and Sanctia or Sence his wife,
+joined in conveying to Robert Raunce and Edward Thurland ... a house and
+land in Carshalton on trust to sell."--"Bray's Surrey," ii. 513.
+
+[36] Erasmus became a popular baptismal name, and still exists:
+
+    "1541, Jan. 3. Baptized Erasmus, sonne of John Lynsey."--St. Peter,
+    Cornhill.
+
+    "1593, Sep. 16. Baptized Erasmus, sonne of John Record, merchaunt
+    tailor."--Ditto.
+
+    "1611, July 18. Buried Erasmus Finche, captaine, of Dover
+    Castle."--Cant. Cath.
+
+[37] "April 6, 1879, at St. Peter's Thanet, entered into rest, Mary Given
+Clarke, aged 71 years."--_Church Times_, April 10, 1879.
+
+[38] The following is curious, although it does not properly belong to
+this class:
+
+    "1629, July 11. Baptized Subpena, a man childe found at the Subpena
+    office in Chancery Lane."--St. Dunstan.
+
+[39] _Melior_ was a favourite:--
+
+    "1675, April 15. Baptized Melior, d. of Thomas and Melior
+    Richardson."--Westminster Abbey.
+
+    "1664-5, Feb. 22. William Skutt seeks renewal of a wine licence, which
+    he holds in behalf of his mother-in-law, Melior Allen, of Sarum, at
+    L10 a year."--"C. S. P. Dom."
+
+    "1552, July 11. Baptized Mellior, d. of John James."--St. Columb
+    Major.
+
+[40] "1661, Sep. 6. Baptized Faith Dionis, Charity Dionis, Grace Dionis,
+three foundlings."--St. Dionis, Backchurch.
+
+The _Manchester Evening Mail_, March 22, 1878, says, "At Stanton, near
+Ipswich, three girls, having been born at one birth, were baptized Faith,
+Hope, and Charity."
+
+[41] Constance had been an old English favourite, its nick and pet forms
+being Cust, or Custance, or Cussot (_vide_ "English Surnames," p. 67, 2nd
+edition). The Puritan dropped these, but adopted "Constant" and
+"Constancy." The more worldly, in the mean time, curtailed it to "Con."
+
+[42] Sophia did not come into England for a century after this. But, while
+speaking of Greek names, the most popular was Philadelphia:
+
+    "1639, May 3. Buried the Lady Philadelphia Carr."--Hillingdon,
+    Middlesex.
+
+    "1720, Aug. 6. Married William Adams and Philadelphia Saffery."--Cant.
+    Cath.
+
+    "1776, Jan. 5. Buried Philadelphia, wife of John Read."--Blockley,
+    Glouc.
+
+Whether Penn styled the city he founded after the Church mentioned in the
+Apocalypse, or after a friend or kinswoman, or because, interpreted, it
+was a Quaker sentiment, I cannot say. But Philadelphia, in James I.'s
+reign, had become such a favourite that I have before me over a hundred
+instances, after no very careful research. None was needed; it appears in
+every register, and lingered on into the present century.
+
+[43] "1658. Mr. Charles Beswicke, minister of the parish ch. of Stockport,
+and Sylance Symonds, d. of Mr. Robert Symonds, of Daubever, co. Derby,
+published March 28, April 4 and 11, 1658."--Banns, Parish Church,
+Stockport.
+
+This Silence was either mother or grandmother to Silence Thyer, but I am
+not sure which is the relationship. If grandmother, then there must have
+been three generations of "Silences."
+
+[44] "I myself have known some persons in London, and other parts of this
+kingdom, who have been christened by the names of Faith, Hope, Charity,
+Mercy, Grace, Obedience, Endure, Rejoice, etc."--Brome's "Travels in
+England," p. 279.
+
+[45] Repentance lingered longer than I thought. In the churchyard of
+Mappowder, Dorset, is a tombstone to the memory of "Repentance, wife of,"
+etc. She died within the last twenty years. There is no doubt that these
+names found their latest home in Devon and Dorset. The names in Mr.
+Blackmore's novels corroborate this.
+
+[46] This is another case of a Puritan name that got into high society.
+Accepted Frewen died an archbishop; Humble Ward became first Baron Ward.
+His daughter Theodosia married Sir Thomas Brereton, Bart.
+
+[47] "Faithful Teate was minister at Sudbury, Suffolk, at the time Richard
+Sibbes, who was born close by, was growing up."--Sibbes' Works, 1. xxvi.
+Nichol, 1862.
+
+[48] Antony a Wood says Robert Abbott, minister at Cranbrook, Kent,
+published a quarto sermon in 1626, entitled "Be-thankful London and her
+Sisters." When we remember that Warbleton in 1626 had at least a dozen
+Be-Thankfuls among its inhabitants, and that Cranbrook was within walking
+distance, we see where the title of this discourse was got.
+
+[49] Live-well Chapman was a Fifth Monarchy man. There is still extant a
+pamphlet headed "A Declaration of several of the Churches of Christ, and
+Godly People, in and about the City of London, concerning the Kingly
+Interest of Christ, and the Present Sufferings of His Cause, and Saints in
+England. Printed for Live-well Chapman, 1654."
+
+[50] These two were twins:
+
+    "1589, Oct. 12. Baptized Fre-gyft and Fear-not, ye children of John
+    Lulham."--Warbleton.
+
+[51] This, no doubt, will be a relative of the well-known Puritan, Comfort
+Starr, born in the adjacent hamlet of Ashford.
+
+[52] A tablet in Northiam Church says--
+
+    "In memory of Thankfull Frewen, Esq., patron of, and a generous
+    benefactor to, this Church: who was many years purse-bearer and
+    afterwards secretary to Lord Keeper Coventry, in the reign of Charles
+    the First."
+
+A flat stone in the chancel commemorates the second Thankful:
+
+    "Hic situs est vir reverendus Thankfull Frewen hujus ecclesiae per
+    quinquaginta sex annos rector sanctissimus & doctissimus ... obiit
+    2{do} Septembris, 1749, anno aetatis 81{mo}."
+
+[53] We have already seen that Stephen Vynall had a daughter baptized
+No-merit at Warbleton, September 28, 1589. Heley's influence followed him
+to Isfield, as this entry proves.
+
+[54] "1723.--Welthiana Bryan."--Nicholl's "Coll. Top. et Gen.," iii. 250.
+
+[55] Pleasant lasted for some time:
+
+    "1757, Jan. 11. Married Thomas Dunn and Pleasant Dadd."--Cant. Cath.
+
+[56] A dozen Freemans may be seen within the limits of half that number of
+pages in the Finchley registers. Here is one:
+
+    "1603, Feb. 26. Baptized Freeman, filius Freeman Page."
+
+[57] That is, he held him crosswise in his arms.
+
+[58] "And here was 'Bartholomew Fayre' acted to-day, which had not been
+these forty years, it being so satyricall against Puritanism, they durst
+not till now."--Pepys, Sept. 7, 1661.
+
+[59] That some changed their names for titles of more godly import need
+not be doubted. William Jenkin says, "I deny not, but in some cases it may
+be lawfull to change our names, or forbear to mention them, either by
+tongue or pen: but then we should not be put upon such straits by the
+badnesse of our actions (as the most are) which we are ashamed to own,
+_but by the consideration of God's glory_, or _the Churches good_, or our
+own necessary preservation in time of persecution."--"Exposition of Jude,"
+1652, p. 7.
+
+[60] A child was baptized, January 10, 1880, in the parish church of
+Stone, near Dartford, by the name of Sou'wester. He was named after an
+uncle who was born at sea in a south-westerly gale, who received the same
+name (_Notes and Queries_, February 7, 1880).
+
+[61] We have already recorded Hate-evil as existing in the Banbury Church
+register.
+
+[62] The practice of hyphening names, as a condition of accepting
+property, etc., is of recent origin. By this means not a double baptismal,
+but a double patronymic, name is formed. But though manifestly increasing,
+the number of such double surnames is not yet a large one.
+
+[63] "At Faversham a tradesman in 1847 had a son baptized Church-reform,
+and wished for another, to style him No-tithes, but wished in vain."--P.
+S. in _Notes and Queries_, February 3, 1866.
+
+[64] Sometimes, however, one was deemed enough, as, for instance,
+"Charitye, daughter of the Lord knows who!" This is from Youlgreave,
+Derbyshire, but the correspondent of _Notes and Queries_ does not give the
+date.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.
+
+Superscripted characters are indicated by {superscript}.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature, by
+Charles W. Bardsley
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