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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/39258-h.zip b/39258-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..457a41a --- /dev/null +++ b/39258-h.zip diff --git a/39258-h/39258-h.htm b/39258-h/39258-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a5f7ad --- /dev/null +++ b/39258-h/39258-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1281 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + Fredericksburg and Its Many Points of Interest, by R. A. Kishpaugh—A Project Gutenberg eBook + </title> + + <style type="text/css"> + + p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em;} + + body {margin-left: 12%; margin-right: 12%;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right; font-style: normal;} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center; clear: both;} + + hr {width: 33%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;} + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + .botbor {border-bottom: solid 1px;} + + .giant {font-size: 200%} + .large {font-size: 125%} + + .note {margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%;} + .title {text-align: center; font-size: 150%;} + + .right {text-align: right;} + .center {text-align: center;} + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .bbox {border: solid 2px; color: gray; margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .dropfig {float: left; clear: left; margin: 0 2px 0 0;} + + a:link {color:#0000ff; text-decoration:none} + a:visited {color:#6633cc; text-decoration:none} + + .spacer {padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Fredericksburg and Its Many Points of +Interest, by R. A. Kishpaugh + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Fredericksburg and Its Many Points of Interest + +Author: R. A. Kishpaugh + +Release Date: March 25, 2012 [EBook #39258] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FREDERICKSBURG, POINTS OF INTEREST *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p> </p><p> </p> +<h1>FREDERICKSBURG<br /> +<small>AND</small><br /> +ITS MANY POINTS OF INTEREST</h1> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/title.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p> </p> +<p class="note">“Proud of the marks and monuments it bears to testify that its association with the +country is such that her history may not be written without the name of Fredericksburg.”</p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/title2.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p> </p> +<p class="center">R. A. KISHPAUGH, Publisher<br /> +FREDERICKSBURG. VIRGINIA</p> +<p> </p> +<p class="center">Copyrighted 1912</p> + + + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 600px; height: 351px;"><img src="images/img01.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF FREDERICKSBURG FROM STAFFORD HEIGHTS</p> + + + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<hr style="width: 50%;" /> +<p class="center"><span class="giant">FREDERICKSBURG.</span></p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<h2>Historical Sketch.</h2> + +<p><span class="dropfig"><img src="images/cap_t.jpg" alt="T" /></span>he visitor to Fredericksburg to-day finds, instead of the easy going town +of ante-bellum days, an entirely new place risen from the ruins of war and +time, new buildings, up-to-date streets and other improvements making a +modern city of the present generation. The object of this little book is +to furnish to the traveler, facts in the history of Fredericksburg, its +many places of interest as well as an up-to-date guide to the city, and to +extend to all a “welcome to Fredericksburg.”</p> + +<p>The exact time the site of what is now Fredericksburg was visited by white +men is not known, but the general impression is that the first trip was in +1608 (one year after the landing at Jamestown). Capt. John Smith, the true +founder and father of Virginia, with a crew of twelve men and an indian of +a Potomac tribe for a guide, came to the falls of the Rappahannock just +above where Fredericksburg was afterward located, and had a severe fight +with the Rappahannocks, whom he described as the most courageous and +formidable savages he had yet encountered.</p> + +<p>The early history of Fredericksburg is full of events<small><a name="f1.1" id="f1.1" href="#f1">[1]</a></small> along the general +history of the country, it being a centre of trade, the river being wider +and deeper than the present day, and that ocean going barges and +schooners, laden with cargoes from the West Indies, Liverpool and other +ports came to Fredericksburg, and took on for their return voyage +consignments of tobacco and wheat to English and Scotch merchants. A fort +was maintained near the falls of the Rappahannock, and with 250 men the +town was legally founded in 1727 and was named for Frederick, son of +George the Second.</p> + +<p>Before the introduction of railroads, trade was carried on by what was +known as “Road Wagons.” These wagons were of huge dimensions, their curved +bodies being, before and behind, at least twelve feet from the ground. +They had canvas covers and were drawn by four and often six horses. During +the period from 1800 to the civil war, as many as three hundred was often +seen on the streets and in the wagon yards of Fredericksburg at one time. +The country, to the Blue Ridge mountains, even to counties in the Valley +of Virginia, was thus supplied from Fredericksburg.</p> + +<p>The part which Fredericksburg played in the civil war is so well known, +that we will be content with a brief reference. As soon as the Confederate +capitol was removed to Richmond, it became at once, and continued during +the entire war, the objective point of the Federal invasion of the South. +It was apparent, therefore, from an inspection of the map, that +Fredericksburg would necessarily witness a bloody act in that direful +drama; for she was situated half-way on the direct route between +Washington and Richmond.</p> + +<p>If ever anywhere grim-visaged war showed his horrid front, it was at this +foredoomed, devoted town. She was the immediate theatre of one of the +bloodiest battles of the war, on December 13, 1862. In the cannonade that +ushered in that battle, a hundred and eighty guns, some of them seige +pieces, carrying seventy pound projectiles, for ten mortal hours poured a +pitiless storm of shot and shell upon the helpless town. No such +cannonade, save that which preceded Pickett’s charge at Gettysburg, was +ever heard upon this continent; nay, ever heard upon this earth. Four and +a half months after that bloody baptism, the town witnessed the desperate, +but unsuccessful, endeavor of Gen Sedgwick to march his corps of thirty +thousand men to the relief of Hooker, at Chancellorsville; and she was the +hospital for fifteen thousand wounded men from Grant’s army in the +Wilderness campaign of May, 1864.</p> + +<p>If lines be drawn from Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville; from +Chancellorsville to the Wilderness battlefields; from the Wilderness +battlefield to the Bloody Angle, near Spotsylvania Court-House; and from +there to the starting point at Fredericksburg, these lines will include a +space that is smaller in area than the District of Columbia. On this area +more blood was shed, and more men killed, than upon any area of equal +dimensions, in the world.</p> + +<p>Early in December, 1862, Burnside, urged by the clamor of the Northern +press and populace, resolved to cross the Rappahannock, and despite the +near approach of winter to assume the offensive. At this time the attempt +of Federal gun boats to pass up the river to Fredericksburg had been +frustrated by Stuart and some field batteries.</p> + +<p>On December 13, 1862, Burnside started to cross the Rappahannock. Never +did a general or army await the attack of a more numerous enemy with +greater confidence than did Lee and the Confederates at Fredericksburg.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 330px;"><img src="images/img02.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">BROMPTON (THE OLD MARYE MANSION)<br />Now the Residence of Capt. M. B. Rowe.</p> + +<p>When the two pre-arranged signal guns announced that the shelling of the +town was about to begin, long streams of carriages and wagons, bearing +fugitive women and children, and long processions on foot of those who +could not procure vehicles, all seeking temporary shelter in the woods and +wilderness, passed the camp fires of the Confederate soldiers in the rear +of the town.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 600px; height: 330px;"><img src="images/img03.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">FREDERICKSBURG IN 1862<br />Just Before the Bombardment, and After the Car Bridge was Burnt by the Confederate Army</p> +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 334px;"><img src="images/img04.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">SUNKEN ROAD—SHOWING COBB MONUMENT</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>Shortly after nine o’clock the sun shining out with almost Indian Summer +warmth quickly dispelled the mists which hid the opposing armies, and as +the white folds dissolved, Jackson’s men beheld the plains beneath them +dark with a moving mass of more than 40,000 foes, and from the array of +batteries upon the Stafford Heights a storm of shot and shell burst upon +the Confederate lines. The Federal army advanced within 800 yards of the +foot of the opposing ridge when suddenly the silent woods awoke to life +and the flash and thunder of more than sixty guns revealed to the Federals +the magnitude of the task they had undertaken. Column after column +advanced only to be repulsed with terrible loss, until about 12 o’clock +the Irish Brigade, under General Meagher, advanced at the spot on the +Sunken Road which is now marked by the monument to General Cobb, he having +fallen earlier in the day, and boldly charging across the shot-swept +plains, opposed to it were men as fearless and as staunch; behind that +rude stone breastworks, those who were “bone of their bone and flesh of +their flesh,” as some of the soldiers of Cobb’s Brigade were Irish like +themselves. On the morning of battle General Meagher had bade his men deck +their caps with sprigs of evergreen “to remind them,” he said “of the land +of their birth.” The symbol was recognized by their countrymen, and “Oh, +God, what a pity! Here comes Meagher’s fellows,” was the cry in the +Confederate ranks. The rapidly thinning line now was within a hundred +yards of their goal, suddenly a sheet of flame leaped from the parapet, to +their glory be it told, though scores be swept away, falling in their +tracks, like corn before the sicle, the ever thinning ranks dashed on. Of +the 1,200 officers and men in this gallant charge, 937 had fallen; one +body, that of an officer, was found within fifteen feet of the parapet.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/img05.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">CHANCELLORSVILLE HOUSE AS IT APPEARED DURING THE WAR</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>It is due to the truth of history to say that not in all the annals of +war, neither in the “charge of the six hundred” at Balaklava, nor in +Pickett’s charge at Gettysburg was there ever displayed a more signal +instance of dauntless courage than was exhibited by the men who made these +hopeless attempts to carry Marye’s Heights.</p> + +<p>Under the cover of darkness and storm the Federals withdrew across the +river two days later and resumed their position on the Stafford heights.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/img06.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">SALEM CHURCH</p> +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/img07.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">“STONEWALL” JACKSON MONUMENT</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>Fredericksburg played an important part in the battle of Chancellorsville, +on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th of May, 1863. When General Hooker marched +ninety thousand men across the Rapidan at Germania and Ely’s Ford and +entrenched them behind breast-works in the impenetrable jungle of stunted +growth that screened and protected the plateau in front of the +Chancellorsville House, he left thirty thousand men, under General +Sedgwick, on the Stafford heights, opposite Fredericksburg. General Lee +left Early with 8,500 muskets (a part of Jackson’s corps) to hold back +Sedgwick, while he marched with the main body of Jackson’s corps and two +divisions of Longstreet’s corps to confront Hooker at Chancellorsville. +These two divisions of Longstreet’s corps were those of Anderson and +McLaws. Longstreet, himself, with the other two divisions of his corps, +was down on the Blackwater, below Richmond, and did not participate in the +battle of Chancellorsville. Jackson was mortally wounded at nightfall on +Saturday, the 2nd of May, after routing and driving back in wild panic, +the right wing of Hooker’s army. The next morning (Sunday) a union was +effected between Jackson’s divisions and the two divisions of Longstreet’s +corps, and a combined, impetuous assault carried the Federal position in +front of Chancellorsville, and the beaten enemy retreated to their second +line of breastworks. Just as General Lee was preparing (on Sunday, at +noon) to renew the assault, word reached him that Sedgwick had crossed the +river and carried the Marye Heights, and was marching on Chancellorsville +to join Hooker. The Confederate commander, in the exercise of what a great +critic of the art of war, has characterized as the highest display of +military genius, paused in his pursuit of Hooker, and, leaving Stuart in +command of Jackson’s corps, in front of the disheartened Federal troops at +Chancellorsville, led the two divisions of Longstreet down the +Fredericksburg road, to unite with Early in frustrating the purpose of +Sedgwick to join his forces with those of Hooker. This was accomplished on +Monday, the 4th of May, when Sedgwick was driven across the Rappahannock, +at Bank’s Ford. There was a severe engagement that raged around the “Salem +Church,” four miles out from Fredericksburg, upon the old turnpike road. +Captain Featherstone, who brought a splendid Alabama company to Virginia, +at the outbreak of the war, occupied the church with his company, and did +excellent work in holding back Sedgwick until Lee arrived.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/img08.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">SEDGWICK MONUMENT</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>Gen. R. E. Lee, in speaking of the privations and sacrifices incurred by +the citizens of Fredericksburg, said: “History presents no instance of a +people exhibiting a purer and more unselfish patriotism, or a higher +spirit of fortitude and courage than was evinced by the people of +Fredericksburg. They cheerfully incurred great hardships and privations, +and surrendered their homes and property to destruction, rather than yield +them in the hands of the enemies of their country.”</p> + +<p> <a name="mercer" id="mercer"></a></p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 600px; height: 364px;"><img src="images/img10.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">MONUMENT TO GEN. HUGH MERCER</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>Since the close of the Civil War, and the equally distressing war of the +reconstruction, Fredericksburg has entered upon a career of commercial and +industrial prosperity, far exceeding any ever experienced in her +ante-bellum days. Her population has largely increased. Situated half way +between Richmond and Washington. Five trunk lines with twenty-six trains +daily, run through the city, thus giving prompt and easy access to all the +large eastern and northern cities, while the water transportation puts +this section in cheap reach of the markets of the eastern seaboard. A +splendid water-power with the present capacity of 4,000 hydro-electric +horsepower with an ultimate development of 35,000 horse power, furnishes +cheap power to manufacturing plants located in the city. Mr. Frank J. +Gould, the owner of this immense power, has completed a survey for an +electric line from Richmond, Va., to Washington, D. C. This line will give +Fredericksburg direct communication by electric railway, with Washington, +D. C., Richmond, Va., and Petersburg, Va. Fifteen miles of this line north +of Richmond is now in operation.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 328px;"><img src="images/img11.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">NEW POSTOFFICE</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>The United States government has erected a handsome Government postoffice.</p> + +<p>The State of Virginia has established at Fredericksburg a State Normal and +Industrial School for Women, this consists of two handsome buildings +situated on part of the historic Marye’s Heights.</p> + +<p>A good High School with new modern school building, the Fredericksburg +College and two libraries furnish educational opportunities for the youths +of both sexes.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 335px;"><img src="images/img12.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">R. F. & P. R. R. PASSENGER DEPOT</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>Four banks, a silk mill, pants factory, flour mills, foundry and machine +works, sumac mills, pickle factory, buggy, wagon and wood-working plants, +cigar factories, extract works, plow manufactories, brick yards, ice +factories, bark mills, bone mills, granite works, mattress factory, +excelsior mills, two daily and two tri-weekly newspapers, telegraph, mail, +express and freight facilities unexcelled, all help to make Fredericksburg +an industrial center of the present generation.</p> + +<p>Good roads to Fredericksburg through the various adjoining counties open +up a larger territory for trade than ever before, and with the completion +of the National Highway from Quebec to Miami, Florida, which passes +through Fredericksburg, its many points of interest will be opened up to +the tourist.</p> + +<p>The city is amply supplied with water, pumped from the river into a +reservoir higher than any of the houses, while the water from the old +“Poplar Spring” is also used. The city owns and operates Electric and Gas +Plants, and there is also an Incandescent Light Plant, owned by a private +corporation, for lighting houses.</p> + +<p>The town offers inducements to enterprising capitalists, and to those who +are seeking homes in the genial climate of the South.</p> + + + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<hr style="width: 50%;" /> +<h2>POINTS OF INTEREST.</h2> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> + +<p class="title">Chatham</p> + +<p>One of the most interesting points of historical interest to all who visit +Fredericksburg is the magnificent old Colonial estate of Chatham, +residence of A. Randolph Howard, Esq., beautifully situated upon Stafford +Heights overlooking the town.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 330px;"><img src="images/img13.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p> </p> + +<p>The house was built in 1730 by William Fitzhugh, upon a small grant of a +few hundred thousand acres from King George of England.</p> + +<p>The architect is believed to have been the famous Sir Christopher Wrenn, +to whom is due the adaptation of the English renaissance of the Grecian +period to our Southland needs, and which has resulted in the type now +known as Colonial. Chatham is conceded to be the purest and most beautiful +specimen of the Georgian Colonial architecture in America.</p> + +<p>Through its lordly halls have trod the beauty and chivalry of generations +of the most famous families of Virginia.</p> + +<p>Upon its famous race-track such horses as Boston, Lexington, Timoleon, Sir +Archy, Sir Charles and hundreds of others fought out their races, while +their owners were guests of Colonel Fitzhugh.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 600px; height: 374px;"><img src="images/img14.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">ENTRANCE TO NATIONAL CEMETERY<br />Showing Monument Erected by Gen. Daniel Butterfield to 5th Corps, Army of Potomac</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>At Chatham General Washington paid his addresses to the widow Curtis, +General Robert E. Lee whispered sweet words of love to a niece of Mrs. +Fitzhugh, and the immortal Lincoln reviewed the Army of the Potomac before +the battle of Fredericksburg.</p> + +<p>General Burnside established his headquarters at Chatham, and at the foot +of its terraced lawns one of the pontoon bridges were thrown across the +river over which many a brave man passed never to return.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="title">The National Cemetery</p> + +<p>Located on Willis Hill, a part of the historic Marye’s Heights, +overlooking Fredericksburg and the beautiful Rappahannock Valley, the +Union soldiers who were killed in the various battles around +Fredericksburg and those who died in camp are interred. This cemetery has +the largest number of interments of any in the country, there being +15,295, of these about 2,500 are known and their names, regiment and state +are registered in a book in the superintendent’s office.</p> + +<p>Just to the left entering the cemetery General Daniel Butterfield has +erected a beautiful monument to the valor of the Fifth Army Corps, which +he commanded.</p> + +<p>To the right at the top of the hill is a monument to the 127th Regiment, +Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Colonel W. W. Jennings, Commanding.</p> + +<p>In the center of the cemetery the State of Pennsylvania has erected a +monument to commemorate the charge of General Humphrey’s Division, Fifth +Corps, in the battle of Fredericksburg, 1862.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p class="title">The “Sentry Box”</p> + +<p>On lower Main street was the residence of General George Weedon of +Revolutionary fame, and afterwards occupied by Colonel Hugh Mercer, a son +of General Hugh Mercer, who was killed at the battle of Princeton.</p> + +<p>The name “Sentry Box” being applied on account of the unobstructed view +for some distance. It being used during the Revolutionary, War of 1812 and +Civil war, as a place to watch and give the alarm of the approach of the +enemy.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="title">Rising Sun Tavern</p> + +<p>One of the oldest buildings in Fredericksburg. General George Weeden, +years before the Revolutionary war, kept hotel in this house and was the +stopping place of Washington, LaFayette and other Colonial dignitaries.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 329px;"><img src="images/img15.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p> </p> + +<p>The Rising Sun Tavern is now owned by the Society for the Preservation of +Virginia Antiquities, who have renovated the building, but retaining in +every way the old style of architecture used in wooden buildings used in +the eighteenth century.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p class="title">The Washington Farm</p> + +<p>Looking directly across the river from the “Sentry Box” can be seen the +Washington Farm. This is where Geo. Washington was raised to manhood, and +it is said where he threw the silver dollar across the Rappahannock, also +where he chopped the famous cherry tree. One of the pontoon bridges used +in 1862 was built from this farm.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="title">Kenmore</p> + +<p>“Kenmore” was built in 1740 by Colonel Fielding Lewis, an officer who +commanded a division at the siege of Yorktown where Cornwallis +surrendered. It is said the bricks used to build this house were brought +from England, but this cannot be confirmed, but the interior stucco work +of this colonial mansion has stood for over a century and is supposed to +have been done by expert Englishmen.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 332px;"><img src="images/img16.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p> </p> + +<p>It was to Kenmore that Colonel Fielding Lewis took Bettie Washington, +(George’s sister) as a bride.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 600px; height: 381px;"><img src="images/img17.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">VIEW IN CONFEDERATE CEMETERY</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p class="title">The Mercer Monument</p> + +<p>General Hugh Mercer, killed at the battle of Princeton, 1777, while +leading his men against the British. Over one hundred years after an +appropriation had been made by Congress, it evidently being overlooked, in +1906 the United States government erected this monument to his memory.</p> + +<p>Situated in the center of Washington Avenue in the attitude of a patriot, +drawn sword in hand, he stands on a pedestal, ready to strike in defense +of his country. (See <a href="#mercer">page 12</a> for illustration.)</p> + +<p>General Mercer conducted a drug store in the building now standing, corner +Main and Amelia Streets, and lived at the “Sentry Box” with George Weeden, +until the beginning of the Revolutionary War.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="title">Confederate Cemetery</p> + +<p>The first Ladies Memorial Association was organized at Fredericksburg in +1865, and in response to liberal contributions the present cemetery was +laid out, and the Confederate dead who were buried at various places were +gathered together and each grave marked.</p> + +<p>In 1874 the corner stone was laid of the monument erected on a mound in +the center of the space. This monument is about 6 feet high made of gray +granite, and on top has a life size statue of a Confederate soldier at +dress parade. On the front of the monument is the inscription “To the +Confederate Dead.”</p> + +<p>About 2,500 are buried here, of which about 600 are unknown.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 600px; height: 360px;"><img src="images/img18.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">MONUMENT TO MARY THE MOTHER OF WASHINGTON</p> + +<p> </p> +<p class="title">Mary Washington Monument</p> + +<p>About a stone throw from Kenmore, Mary, the mother of Washington is +buried. This spot was selected by herself, declaring it to be preferable +to any location, as it could never be cultivated, being near a rocky crag, +a part of the original Kenmore land.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 336px;"><img src="images/img19.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">MONUMENT ERECTED IN 1833</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>After the remains of the venerable matron had lain for forty-four years, a +monument was partially erected to her memory by Silas E. Burrows, a +wealthy New York merchant. The corner-stone was laid with imposing pomp on +May 7, 1833. Andrew Jackson, President of the U. S., several members of +his Cabinet, numbers of distinguished citizens from Washington, the Marine +Band and military came to swell the pageant. This monument of white +Italian marble was never finished, and for more than sixty years laid a +prey to the relic hunters and ravishes of time.</p> + +<p>In 1889, the nation was startled with the announcement that the grave and +unfinished monument to Mary Washington would be sold at public auction +from the steps of the Capitol at Washington, indignant meetings were held +and the sale abandoned by its originators. The women of America organized +to erect a monument to the memory of their fellow countrywoman, which they +did; unveiling May 10, 1894, a monument fifty feet high, and comprising a +monolith of forty feet, standing on bases eleven feet square and ten feet +high. The whole shaft is of Barre granite and of the finest workmanship. +President Cleveland, many of his Cabinet, the Governor of Virginia, the +Marine Band, companies of military and thousands of people witnessed the +ceremony.</p> + +<p>Just back of the monument is a ledge of rocks known as “Meditation Rock,” +where she used often to resort for private reading, meditation and prayer, +under the shade of the beautiful grove of Oak trees.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="title">Mary Washington House</p> + +<p>This plain, old-fashioned dwelling on the corner of Charles and Lewis +streets was the home of Mary the mother of Washington until her death in +1789.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 500px; height: 329px;"><img src="images/img20.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p> </p> + +<p>Up to the death of her husband she lived just across the river, opposite +Fredericksburg, at the “Washington Farm” and it was in these two homes the +illustrious George was raised to manhood.</p> + +<p>This building is owned by the society for the Preservation of Virginia +Antiquities, who have put the same in thorough condition, all of the +original features of architecture and general appearance being preserved.</p> + +<p>The front room in which she died is furnished as used by her in her +lifetime. This building is open to visitors for a small sum.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p class="title">The Masonic Lodge</p> + +<p>The Masonic Lodge, in which George Washington received his first degree as +a Mason, November 4, 1752, has a cabinet of some rare and valuable relics. +Some of which are the Bible that Geo. Washington was obligated on (printed +1668), a lock of his hair, autograph passes given by him during the +Revolutionary War, the old minute book giving his initiation, passing and +raising, an oil portrait of George Washington, painted by Gilbert Stuart, +the old parlor chairs of his mother, Mary Washington, and many others, +which can be seen free of charge by applying to the Master of the Lodge.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/img21.jpg" alt="" /></div> + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="title">Other Places of Interest</p> + +<p>PRESIDENT MONROE HOUSE—Situated on Princess Anne Street one block above +the passenger depot is the old story and a half frame house to which +President James Monroe held a pocket deed to qualify him for his seat in +the House of Burgesses.</p> + +<p>PAUL JONES HOUSE—The only home in America of John Paul Jones, on Main +Street near the depot.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 600px; height: 368px;"><img src="images/img22.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">INSIDE THE NATIONAL CEMETERY<br />Showing Monument to Commemorate the Charge of General Humphrey’s Division 1862</p> +<p> </p> + +<p>FEDERAL HILL—on Hanover street. In the latter part of the eighteenth +century the home of Thomas Reade Roots, a distinguished lawyer of that +time.</p> + +<p>PLANTER’S HOTEL—Used before and during the Civil war as a hotel, at the +corner of Commerce and Charles Streets. In front of this hotel is a stone +block, placed there many years before the Civil war, used for the sale and +annual hire of slaves.</p> + +<p>HOME OF GEN. DANIEL D. WHEELER—of the U. S. Army on the east side of +lower Main street. Built about 1765. Was the home of Dr. Charles Mortimer +who was physician to Mary Washington also the first Mayor of +Fredericksburg.</p> + +<p>STEVENS HOUSE—Situated on “Sunken Road” the Confederate line of battle +1862-63 in front of fence. General Thos. R. R. Cobb, killed just inside of +yard.</p> + +<p>ST. GEORGE’S BURYING GROUND—Colonel John Dandridge, the father of Martha +Washington was buried here in 1756. Wm. Paul, a brother of John Paul Jones +buried 1773. It is said that Fielding Lewis is buried under the steps of +the church. A number of remarkable tombstones can be found in the yard, +the inscription of one of which has puzzled all who have seen it, “Charles +M. Rathrock, departed this life Sept. 29th, 1084, aged three years.”</p> + +<p>CITY HALL—Built 1813—Used in 1824 for a grand ball and reception to +General Lafayette.</p> + +<p>OLD EXCHANGE HOTEL (Now known as Hotel Frederick) built in 1837, part +destroyed by fire 1850, rebuilt but not used as a hotel until after the +Civil war. During the war was used as a hospital.</p> + +<p>MASONIC GRAVEYARD—On corner of George and Charles Streets. General Lewis +Littleton was buried here in 1802.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Methodist Church</span></p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/img23.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Baptist Church</span><span class="spacer"> </span><span class="spacer"> </span><span class="smcap">Presbyterian Church</span> +<span class="spacer"> </span><span class="smcap">St. George’s Episcopal Church</span></p> +<p> </p> + +<p>MARY WASHINGTON HOSPITAL—Erected by the ladies of Fredericksburg. Corner +stone was laid April 14th, 1899, a day to commemorate George Washington’s +last visit to Fredericksburg and his dying mother. The corner-stone is a +portion of the old Mary Washington monument begun in 1833. Situated +overlooking the river and directly opposite Chatham. One of the pontoon +bridges of 1862 was directly in front of the hospital.</p> + +<p>GUNNERY SPRING—The legend of Gunnery Spring is that all that drink of the +water will return to drink again some day. A visit to Fredericksburg is +not complete without a visit to this old spring.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="title">Fredericksburg Churches</p> + +<p>St. George’s Episcopal Church—corner Princess Anne and George Streets, R. +J. McBryde, Rector.</p> + +<p>Trinity Episcopal Church—corner Prince Edward and Hanover streets, Dr. H. +H. Barber, Rector.</p> + +<p>The Presbyterian Church—corner Princess Anne and George streets, Rev. J. +H. Henderlite, Pastor.</p> + +<p>The Baptist Church—corner Princess Anne and Amelia streets, Rev. R. A. +Williams, Pastor.</p> + +<p>The Methodist Church—on Hanover street, Rev. J. R. Jacobs, Pastor.</p> + +<p>St. Mary’s Catholic Church—on Princess Anne street, Father Perrig, +Pastor.</p> + +<p> </p> +<div class="bbox" style="width: 600px; height: 325px;"><img src="images/img24.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">The Will of Mary Washington is on exhibition at the Clerk’s office of the Corporation Court.<br />This is in a good state of preservation.</p> +<p> </p> + + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<hr style="width: 50%;" /> +<h2>Some Interesting Facts</h2> + +<p>The first resolution declaring American Independence was passed in +Fredericksburg, April 27th, 1775, twenty-one days before the next earlier.</p> + +<p>Seven presidents and three of the greatest military leaders was born at +Fredericksburg or within a short distance.</p> + +<p>It was John Paul Jones, a Fredericksburg man, who raised the first flag +over our infant navy, in 1775.</p> + +<p>At Fredericksburg and within fifteen miles, more great armies +manœuvered, more great battles were fought, more men were engaged in +mortal combat and more officers and privates were killed and wounded than +in any similar territory in the world.</p> + +<p>The tallest and most imposing monument erected to a woman is erected at +Fredericksburg to the memory of Mary Washington.</p> + +<p>James Monroe, for many years a citizen of Fredericksburg, announced the +American principal known as the Monroe Doctrine.</p> + +<p>James Madison, born near Fredericksburg, gave to the country the +Constitution of the United States.</p> + +<p>It was Fredericksburg that gave to the country the head of the Armies in +the Great War for Independence and the first president, in the person of +the peerless Washington.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p class="title">Close Driving Distance</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="table"> +<tr><td>Sedgwick Monument</td> + <td><span class="spacer"> </span></td> + <td align="right">12</td> + <td>miles</td></tr> +<tr><td>“Stonewall” Jackson Monument</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">11</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Massachusetts Monument</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">10</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Hays Monument</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">10</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Spotsylvania C. H.</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">12</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Salem Church</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">3</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Chancellorsville</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">10</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Wilderness</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">15</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Bloody Angle</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">12</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Hamilton’s Crossing</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">4</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Falmouth</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td>mile</td></tr> +<tr><td>Lacy House (Burnside Headquarters)</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">½</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td>Phillips House (Sumner’s Headquarters)</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="right">1</td> + <td align="center">"</td></tr></table> + + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.jpg" alt="" /></div> +<p class="title">Losses on the Six Battlefields</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="table"> +<tr><td colspan="9" align="center">FREDERICKSBURG-HAMILTON’S CROSSING</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2"> </td> + <td><span class="spacer"> </span></td> + <td align="center">Fed.</td> + <td><span class="spacer"> </span></td> + <td align="center">Con.</td> + <td><span class="spacer"> </span></td> + <td align="center">Total</td></tr> +<tr><td>Fred’sburg, Dec. 13, ’62, May 3-4 ’63</td> + <td rowspan="2"><span class="large">}</span></td> + <td> </td> + <td rowspan="2" align="center">12,653</td> + <td> </td> + <td rowspan="2" align="center"><span style="margin-left: .5em;">5,377</span></td> + <td> </td> + <td rowspan="2" align="center"><span style="margin-left: .5em;">18,030</span></td></tr> +<tr><td>Hamilton s Crossing, Dec. 13, 1862</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="9" align="center">CHANCELLORSVILLE-SALEM CHURCH</td></tr> +<tr><td>Chancellorsville, May 1-3, 1863</td> + <td rowspan="2"><span class="large">}</span></td> + <td> </td> + <td rowspan="2" align="center">17,287</td> + <td> </td> + <td rowspan="2" align="center">12,463</td> + <td> </td> + <td rowspan="2" align="center"><span style="margin-left: .5em;">29,750</span></td></tr> +<tr><td>Salem Church, May 3-4, 1863</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="9" align="center">WILDERNESS</td></tr> +<tr><td>Wilderness, May 5-6, 1864</td> + <td> </td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">17,666</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">10,641</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center"><span style="margin-left: .5em;">28,307</span></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="9" align="center">SPOTSYLVANIA</td></tr> +<tr><td>Spotsylvania, May 8-21, 1864</td> + <td> </td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center" class="botbor">15,577</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center" class="botbor">11,578</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center" class="botbor"><span style="margin-left: .5em;">27,155</span></td></tr> +<tr><td><span style="margin-left: 4em;">Total</span></td> + <td> </td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">63,183</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">40,059</td> + <td> </td> + <td align="center">103,242</td></tr></table> + + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/img25tmb.jpg" alt="" /><br /> +<a href="images/img25.jpg"><small>Larger Image</small></a></div> +<p class="center">FREDERICKSBURG AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST</p> + + +<p> </p><p> </p> +<hr style="width: 50%;" /> +<p><strong>Footnotes:</strong></p> + +<p><a name="f1" id="f1" href="#f1.1">[1]</a> See Quinn’s History of Fredericksburg.</p> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Fredericksburg and Its Many Points of +Interest, by R. 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A. Kishpaugh + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Fredericksburg and Its Many Points of Interest + +Author: R. A. Kishpaugh + +Release Date: March 25, 2012 [EBook #39258] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FREDERICKSBURG, POINTS OF INTEREST *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive.) + + + + + + + + + + FREDERICKSBURG AND ITS MANY POINTS OF INTEREST + + + "Proud of the marks and monuments it bears to + testify that its association with the country + is such that her history may not be written + without the name of Fredericksburg." + + + R. A. KISHPAUGH, Publisher + FREDERICKSBURG. VIRGINIA + + + Copyrighted 1912 + + + + +[Illustration: BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF FREDERICKSBURG FROM STAFFORD HEIGHTS] + + + + +FREDERICKSBURG. + + +Historical Sketch. + +The visitor to Fredericksburg to-day finds, instead of the easy going town +of ante-bellum days, an entirely new place risen from the ruins of war and +time, new buildings, up-to-date streets and other improvements making a +modern city of the present generation. The object of this little book is +to furnish to the traveler, facts in the history of Fredericksburg, its +many places of interest as well as an up-to-date guide to the city, and to +extend to all a "welcome to Fredericksburg." + +The exact time the site of what is now Fredericksburg was visited by white +men is not known, but the general impression is that the first trip was in +1608 (one year after the landing at Jamestown). Capt. John Smith, the true +founder and father of Virginia, with a crew of twelve men and an indian of +a Potomac tribe for a guide, came to the falls of the Rappahannock just +above where Fredericksburg was afterward located, and had a severe fight +with the Rappahannocks, whom he described as the most courageous and +formidable savages he had yet encountered. + +The early history of Fredericksburg is full of events[1] along the general +history of the country, it being a centre of trade, the river being wider +and deeper than the present day, and that ocean going barges and +schooners, laden with cargoes from the West Indies, Liverpool and other +ports came to Fredericksburg, and took on for their return voyage +consignments of tobacco and wheat to English and Scotch merchants. A fort +was maintained near the falls of the Rappahannock, and with 250 men the +town was legally founded in 1727 and was named for Frederick, son of +George the Second. + + [1] See Quinn's History of Fredericksburg. + +Before the introduction of railroads, trade was carried on by what was +known as "Road Wagons." These wagons were of huge dimensions, their curved +bodies being, before and behind, at least twelve feet from the ground. +They had canvas covers and were drawn by four and often six horses. During +the period from 1800 to the civil war, as many as three hundred was often +seen on the streets and in the wagon yards of Fredericksburg at one time. +The country, to the Blue Ridge mountains, even to counties in the Valley +of Virginia, was thus supplied from Fredericksburg. + +The part which Fredericksburg played in the civil war is so well known, +that we will be content with a brief reference. As soon as the Confederate +capitol was removed to Richmond, it became at once, and continued during +the entire war, the objective point of the Federal invasion of the South. +It was apparent, therefore, from an inspection of the map, that +Fredericksburg would necessarily witness a bloody act in that direful +drama; for she was situated half-way on the direct route between +Washington and Richmond. + +If ever anywhere grim-visaged war showed his horrid front, it was at this +foredoomed, devoted town. She was the immediate theatre of one of the +bloodiest battles of the war, on December 13, 1862. In the cannonade that +ushered in that battle, a hundred and eighty guns, some of them seige +pieces, carrying seventy pound projectiles, for ten mortal hours poured a +pitiless storm of shot and shell upon the helpless town. No such +cannonade, save that which preceded Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, was +ever heard upon this continent; nay, ever heard upon this earth. Four and +a half months after that bloody baptism, the town witnessed the desperate, +but unsuccessful, endeavor of Gen Sedgwick to march his corps of thirty +thousand men to the relief of Hooker, at Chancellorsville; and she was the +hospital for fifteen thousand wounded men from Grant's army in the +Wilderness campaign of May, 1864. + +If lines be drawn from Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville; from +Chancellorsville to the Wilderness battlefields; from the Wilderness +battlefield to the Bloody Angle, near Spotsylvania Court-House; and from +there to the starting point at Fredericksburg, these lines will include a +space that is smaller in area than the District of Columbia. On this area +more blood was shed, and more men killed, than upon any area of equal +dimensions, in the world. + +Early in December, 1862, Burnside, urged by the clamor of the Northern +press and populace, resolved to cross the Rappahannock, and despite the +near approach of winter to assume the offensive. At this time the attempt +of Federal gun boats to pass up the river to Fredericksburg had been +frustrated by Stuart and some field batteries. + +On December 13, 1862, Burnside started to cross the Rappahannock. Never +did a general or army await the attack of a more numerous enemy with +greater confidence than did Lee and the Confederates at Fredericksburg. + +[Illustration: BROMPTON (THE OLD MARYE MANSION) Now the Residence of Capt. +M. B. Rowe.] + +When the two pre-arranged signal guns announced that the shelling of the +town was about to begin, long streams of carriages and wagons, bearing +fugitive women and children, and long processions on foot of those who +could not procure vehicles, all seeking temporary shelter in the woods and +wilderness, passed the camp fires of the Confederate soldiers in the rear +of the town. + +[Illustration: FREDERICKSBURG IN 1862 Just Before the Bombardment, and +After the Car Bridge was Burnt by the Confederate Army] + +[Illustration: SUNKEN ROAD--SHOWING COBB MONUMENT] + +Shortly after nine o'clock the sun shining out with almost Indian Summer +warmth quickly dispelled the mists which hid the opposing armies, and as +the white folds dissolved, Jackson's men beheld the plains beneath them +dark with a moving mass of more than 40,000 foes, and from the array of +batteries upon the Stafford Heights a storm of shot and shell burst upon +the Confederate lines. The Federal army advanced within 800 yards of the +foot of the opposing ridge when suddenly the silent woods awoke to life +and the flash and thunder of more than sixty guns revealed to the Federals +the magnitude of the task they had undertaken. Column after column +advanced only to be repulsed with terrible loss, until about 12 o'clock +the Irish Brigade, under General Meagher, advanced at the spot on the +Sunken Road which is now marked by the monument to General Cobb, he having +fallen earlier in the day, and boldly charging across the shot-swept +plains, opposed to it were men as fearless and as staunch; behind that +rude stone breastworks, those who were "bone of their bone and flesh of +their flesh," as some of the soldiers of Cobb's Brigade were Irish like +themselves. On the morning of battle General Meagher had bade his men deck +their caps with sprigs of evergreen "to remind them," he said "of the land +of their birth." The symbol was recognized by their countrymen, and "Oh, +God, what a pity! Here comes Meagher's fellows," was the cry in the +Confederate ranks. The rapidly thinning line now was within a hundred +yards of their goal, suddenly a sheet of flame leaped from the parapet, to +their glory be it told, though scores be swept away, falling in their +tracks, like corn before the sicle, the ever thinning ranks dashed on. Of +the 1,200 officers and men in this gallant charge, 937 had fallen; one +body, that of an officer, was found within fifteen feet of the parapet. + +[Illustration: CHANCELLORSVILLE HOUSE AS IT APPEARED DURING THE WAR] + +It is due to the truth of history to say that not in all the annals of +war, neither in the "charge of the six hundred" at Balaklava, nor in +Pickett's charge at Gettysburg was there ever displayed a more signal +instance of dauntless courage than was exhibited by the men who made these +hopeless attempts to carry Marye's Heights. + +Under the cover of darkness and storm the Federals withdrew across the +river two days later and resumed their position on the Stafford heights. + +[Illustration: SALEM CHURCH] + +[Illustration: "STONEWALL" JACKSON MONUMENT] + +Fredericksburg played an important part in the battle of Chancellorsville, +on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th of May, 1863. When General Hooker marched +ninety thousand men across the Rapidan at Germania and Ely's Ford and +entrenched them behind breast-works in the impenetrable jungle of stunted +growth that screened and protected the plateau in front of the +Chancellorsville House, he left thirty thousand men, under General +Sedgwick, on the Stafford heights, opposite Fredericksburg. General Lee +left Early with 8,500 muskets (a part of Jackson's corps) to hold back +Sedgwick, while he marched with the main body of Jackson's corps and two +divisions of Longstreet's corps to confront Hooker at Chancellorsville. +These two divisions of Longstreet's corps were those of Anderson and +McLaws. Longstreet, himself, with the other two divisions of his corps, +was down on the Blackwater, below Richmond, and did not participate in the +battle of Chancellorsville. Jackson was mortally wounded at nightfall on +Saturday, the 2nd of May, after routing and driving back in wild panic, +the right wing of Hooker's army. The next morning (Sunday) a union was +effected between Jackson's divisions and the two divisions of Longstreet's +corps, and a combined, impetuous assault carried the Federal position in +front of Chancellorsville, and the beaten enemy retreated to their second +line of breastworks. Just as General Lee was preparing (on Sunday, at +noon) to renew the assault, word reached him that Sedgwick had crossed the +river and carried the Marye Heights, and was marching on Chancellorsville +to join Hooker. The Confederate commander, in the exercise of what a great +critic of the art of war, has characterized as the highest display of +military genius, paused in his pursuit of Hooker, and, leaving Stuart in +command of Jackson's corps, in front of the disheartened Federal troops at +Chancellorsville, led the two divisions of Longstreet down the +Fredericksburg road, to unite with Early in frustrating the purpose of +Sedgwick to join his forces with those of Hooker. This was accomplished on +Monday, the 4th of May, when Sedgwick was driven across the Rappahannock, +at Bank's Ford. There was a severe engagement that raged around the "Salem +Church," four miles out from Fredericksburg, upon the old turnpike road. +Captain Featherstone, who brought a splendid Alabama company to Virginia, +at the outbreak of the war, occupied the church with his company, and did +excellent work in holding back Sedgwick until Lee arrived. + +[Illustration: SEDGWICK MONUMENT] + +Gen. R. E. Lee, in speaking of the privations and sacrifices incurred by +the citizens of Fredericksburg, said: "History presents no instance of a +people exhibiting a purer and more unselfish patriotism, or a higher +spirit of fortitude and courage than was evinced by the people of +Fredericksburg. They cheerfully incurred great hardships and privations, +and surrendered their homes and property to destruction, rather than yield +them in the hands of the enemies of their country." + +[Illustration: MONUMENT TO GEN. HUGH MERCER] + +Since the close of the Civil War, and the equally distressing war of the +reconstruction, Fredericksburg has entered upon a career of commercial and +industrial prosperity, far exceeding any ever experienced in her +ante-bellum days. Her population has largely increased. Situated half way +between Richmond and Washington. Five trunk lines with twenty-six trains +daily, run through the city, thus giving prompt and easy access to all the +large eastern and northern cities, while the water transportation puts +this section in cheap reach of the markets of the eastern seaboard. A +splendid water-power with the present capacity of 4,000 hydro-electric +horsepower with an ultimate development of 35,000 horse power, furnishes +cheap power to manufacturing plants located in the city. Mr. Frank J. +Gould, the owner of this immense power, has completed a survey for an +electric line from Richmond, Va., to Washington, D. C. This line will give +Fredericksburg direct communication by electric railway, with Washington, +D. C., Richmond, Va., and Petersburg, Va. Fifteen miles of this line north +of Richmond is now in operation. + +[Illustration: NEW POSTOFFICE] + +The United States government has erected a handsome Government postoffice. + +The State of Virginia has established at Fredericksburg a State Normal and +Industrial School for Women, this consists of two handsome buildings +situated on part of the historic Marye's Heights. + +A good High School with new modern school building, the Fredericksburg +College and two libraries furnish educational opportunities for the youths +of both sexes. + +[Illustration: R. F. & P. R. R. PASSENGER DEPOT] + +Four banks, a silk mill, pants factory, flour mills, foundry and machine +works, sumac mills, pickle factory, buggy, wagon and wood-working plants, +cigar factories, extract works, plow manufactories, brick yards, ice +factories, bark mills, bone mills, granite works, mattress factory, +excelsior mills, two daily and two tri-weekly newspapers, telegraph, mail, +express and freight facilities unexcelled, all help to make Fredericksburg +an industrial center of the present generation. + +Good roads to Fredericksburg through the various adjoining counties open +up a larger territory for trade than ever before, and with the completion +of the National Highway from Quebec to Miami, Florida, which passes +through Fredericksburg, its many points of interest will be opened up to +the tourist. + +The city is amply supplied with water, pumped from the river into a +reservoir higher than any of the houses, while the water from the old +"Poplar Spring" is also used. The city owns and operates Electric and Gas +Plants, and there is also an Incandescent Light Plant, owned by a private +corporation, for lighting houses. + +The town offers inducements to enterprising capitalists, and to those who +are seeking homes in the genial climate of the South. + + + + +POINTS OF INTEREST. + + +Chatham + +One of the most interesting points of historical interest to all who visit +Fredericksburg is the magnificent old Colonial estate of Chatham, +residence of A. Randolph Howard, Esq., beautifully situated upon Stafford +Heights overlooking the town. + +[Illustration] + +The house was built in 1730 by William Fitzhugh, upon a small grant of a +few hundred thousand acres from King George of England. + +The architect is believed to have been the famous Sir Christopher Wrenn, +to whom is due the adaptation of the English renaissance of the Grecian +period to our Southland needs, and which has resulted in the type now +known as Colonial. Chatham is conceded to be the purest and most beautiful +specimen of the Georgian Colonial architecture in America. + +Through its lordly halls have trod the beauty and chivalry of generations +of the most famous families of Virginia. + +Upon its famous race-track such horses as Boston, Lexington, Timoleon, Sir +Archy, Sir Charles and hundreds of others fought out their races, while +their owners were guests of Colonel Fitzhugh. + +[Illustration: ENTRANCE TO NATIONAL CEMETERY Showing Monument Erected by +Gen. Daniel Butterfield to 5th Corps, Army of Potomac] + +At Chatham General Washington paid his addresses to the widow Curtis, +General Robert E. Lee whispered sweet words of love to a niece of Mrs. +Fitzhugh, and the immortal Lincoln reviewed the Army of the Potomac before +the battle of Fredericksburg. + +General Burnside established his headquarters at Chatham, and at the foot +of its terraced lawns one of the pontoon bridges were thrown across the +river over which many a brave man passed never to return. + + +The National Cemetery + +Located on Willis Hill, a part of the historic Marye's Heights, +overlooking Fredericksburg and the beautiful Rappahannock Valley, the +Union soldiers who were killed in the various battles around +Fredericksburg and those who died in camp are interred. This cemetery has +the largest number of interments of any in the country, there being +15,295, of these about 2,500 are known and their names, regiment and state +are registered in a book in the superintendent's office. + +Just to the left entering the cemetery General Daniel Butterfield has +erected a beautiful monument to the valor of the Fifth Army Corps, which +he commanded. + +To the right at the top of the hill is a monument to the 127th Regiment, +Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Colonel W. W. Jennings, Commanding. + +In the center of the cemetery the State of Pennsylvania has erected a +monument to commemorate the charge of General Humphrey's Division, Fifth +Corps, in the battle of Fredericksburg, 1862. + + +The "Sentry Box" + +On lower Main street was the residence of General George Weedon of +Revolutionary fame, and afterwards occupied by Colonel Hugh Mercer, a son +of General Hugh Mercer, who was killed at the battle of Princeton. + +The name "Sentry Box" being applied on account of the unobstructed view +for some distance. It being used during the Revolutionary, War of 1812 and +Civil war, as a place to watch and give the alarm of the approach of the +enemy. + + +Rising Sun Tavern + +One of the oldest buildings in Fredericksburg. General George Weeden, +years before the Revolutionary war, kept hotel in this house and was the +stopping place of Washington, LaFayette and other Colonial dignitaries. + +[Illustration] + +The Rising Sun Tavern is now owned by the Society for the Preservation of +Virginia Antiquities, who have renovated the building, but retaining in +every way the old style of architecture used in wooden buildings used in +the eighteenth century. + + +The Washington Farm + +Looking directly across the river from the "Sentry Box" can be seen the +Washington Farm. This is where Geo. Washington was raised to manhood, and +it is said where he threw the silver dollar across the Rappahannock, also +where he chopped the famous cherry tree. One of the pontoon bridges used +in 1862 was built from this farm. + + +Kenmore + +"Kenmore" was built in 1740 by Colonel Fielding Lewis, an officer who +commanded a division at the siege of Yorktown where Cornwallis +surrendered. It is said the bricks used to build this house were brought +from England, but this cannot be confirmed, but the interior stucco work +of this colonial mansion has stood for over a century and is supposed to +have been done by expert Englishmen. + +[Illustration] + +It was to Kenmore that Colonel Fielding Lewis took Bettie Washington, +(George's sister) as a bride. + +[Illustration: VIEW IN CONFEDERATE CEMETERY] + + +The Mercer Monument + +General Hugh Mercer, killed at the battle of Princeton, 1777, while +leading his men against the British. Over one hundred years after an +appropriation had been made by Congress, it evidently being overlooked, in +1906 the United States government erected this monument to his memory. + +Situated in the center of Washington Avenue in the attitude of a patriot, +drawn sword in hand, he stands on a pedestal, ready to strike in defense +of his country. (See page 12 for illustration.) + +General Mercer conducted a drug store in the building now standing, corner +Main and Amelia Streets, and lived at the "Sentry Box" with George Weeden, +until the beginning of the Revolutionary War. + + +Confederate Cemetery + +The first Ladies Memorial Association was organized at Fredericksburg in +1865, and in response to liberal contributions the present cemetery was +laid out, and the Confederate dead who were buried at various places were +gathered together and each grave marked. + +In 1874 the corner stone was laid of the monument erected on a mound in +the center of the space. This monument is about 6 feet high made of gray +granite, and on top has a life size statue of a Confederate soldier at +dress parade. On the front of the monument is the inscription "To the +Confederate Dead." + +About 2,500 are buried here, of which about 600 are unknown. + + +[Illustration: MONUMENT TO MARY THE MOTHER OF WASHINGTON] + +Mary Washington Monument + +About a stone throw from Kenmore, Mary, the mother of Washington is +buried. This spot was selected by herself, declaring it to be preferable +to any location, as it could never be cultivated, being near a rocky crag, +a part of the original Kenmore land. + +[Illustration: MONUMENT ERECTED IN 1833] + +After the remains of the venerable matron had lain for forty-four years, a +monument was partially erected to her memory by Silas E. Burrows, a +wealthy New York merchant. The corner-stone was laid with imposing pomp on +May 7, 1833. Andrew Jackson, President of the U. S., several members of +his Cabinet, numbers of distinguished citizens from Washington, the Marine +Band and military came to swell the pageant. This monument of white +Italian marble was never finished, and for more than sixty years laid a +prey to the relic hunters and ravishes of time. + +In 1889, the nation was startled with the announcement that the grave and +unfinished monument to Mary Washington would be sold at public auction +from the steps of the Capitol at Washington, indignant meetings were held +and the sale abandoned by its originators. The women of America organized +to erect a monument to the memory of their fellow countrywoman, which they +did; unveiling May 10, 1894, a monument fifty feet high, and comprising a +monolith of forty feet, standing on bases eleven feet square and ten feet +high. The whole shaft is of Barre granite and of the finest workmanship. +President Cleveland, many of his Cabinet, the Governor of Virginia, the +Marine Band, companies of military and thousands of people witnessed the +ceremony. + +Just back of the monument is a ledge of rocks known as "Meditation Rock," +where she used often to resort for private reading, meditation and prayer, +under the shade of the beautiful grove of Oak trees. + + +Mary Washington House + +This plain, old-fashioned dwelling on the corner of Charles and Lewis +streets was the home of Mary the mother of Washington until her death in +1789. + +[Illustration] + +Up to the death of her husband she lived just across the river, opposite +Fredericksburg, at the "Washington Farm" and it was in these two homes the +illustrious George was raised to manhood. + +This building is owned by the society for the Preservation of Virginia +Antiquities, who have put the same in thorough condition, all of the +original features of architecture and general appearance being preserved. + +The front room in which she died is furnished as used by her in her +lifetime. This building is open to visitors for a small sum. + + +The Masonic Lodge + +[Illustration] + +The Masonic Lodge, in which George Washington received his first degree as +a Mason, November 4, 1752, has a cabinet of some rare and valuable relics. +Some of which are the Bible that Geo. Washington was obligated on (printed +1668), a lock of his hair, autograph passes given by him during the +Revolutionary War, the old minute book giving his initiation, passing and +raising, an oil portrait of George Washington, painted by Gilbert Stuart, +the old parlor chairs of his mother, Mary Washington, and many others, +which can be seen free of charge by applying to the Master of the Lodge. + + +Other Places of Interest + +PRESIDENT MONROE HOUSE--Situated on Princess Anne Street one block above +the passenger depot is the old story and a half frame house to which +President James Monroe held a pocket deed to qualify him for his seat in +the House of Burgesses. + +PAUL JONES HOUSE--The only home in America of John Paul Jones, on Main +Street near the depot. + +[Illustration: INSIDE THE NATIONAL CEMETERY Showing Monument to +Commemorate the Charge of General Humphrey's Division 1862] + +FEDERAL HILL--on Hanover street. In the latter part of the eighteenth +century the home of Thomas Reade Roots, a distinguished lawyer of that +time. + +PLANTER'S HOTEL--Used before and during the Civil war as a hotel, at the +corner of Commerce and Charles Streets. In front of this hotel is a stone +block, placed there many years before the Civil war, used for the sale and +annual hire of slaves. + +HOME OF GEN. DANIEL D. WHEELER--of the U. S. Army on the east side of +lower Main street. Built about 1765. Was the home of Dr. Charles Mortimer +who was physician to Mary Washington also the first Mayor of +Fredericksburg. + +STEVENS HOUSE--Situated on "Sunken Road" the Confederate line of battle +1862-63 in front of fence. General Thos. R. R. Cobb, killed just inside of +yard. + +ST. GEORGE'S BURYING GROUND--Colonel John Dandridge, the father of Martha +Washington was buried here in 1756. Wm. Paul, a brother of John Paul Jones +buried 1773. It is said that Fielding Lewis is buried under the steps of +the church. A number of remarkable tombstones can be found in the yard, +the inscription of one of which has puzzled all who have seen it, "Charles +M. Rathrock, departed this life Sept. 29th, 1084, aged three years." + +CITY HALL--Built 1813--Used in 1824 for a grand ball and reception to +General Lafayette. + +OLD EXCHANGE HOTEL (Now known as Hotel Frederick) built in 1837, part +destroyed by fire 1850, rebuilt but not used as a hotel until after the +Civil war. During the war was used as a hospital. + +MASONIC GRAVEYARD--On corner of George and Charles Streets. General Lewis +Littleton was buried here in 1802. + +[Illustration: Methodist Church, Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church, St. +George's Episcopal Church] + +MARY WASHINGTON HOSPITAL--Erected by the ladies of Fredericksburg. Corner +stone was laid April 14th, 1899, a day to commemorate George Washington's +last visit to Fredericksburg and his dying mother. The corner-stone is a +portion of the old Mary Washington monument begun in 1833. Situated +overlooking the river and directly opposite Chatham. One of the pontoon +bridges of 1862 was directly in front of the hospital. + +GUNNERY SPRING--The legend of Gunnery Spring is that all that drink of the +water will return to drink again some day. A visit to Fredericksburg is +not complete without a visit to this old spring. + + +Fredericksburg Churches + +St. George's Episcopal Church--corner Princess Anne and George Streets, R. +J. McBryde, Rector. + +Trinity Episcopal Church--corner Prince Edward and Hanover streets, Dr. H. +H. Barber, Rector. + +The Presbyterian Church--corner Princess Anne and George streets, Rev. J. +H. Henderlite, Pastor. + +The Baptist Church--corner Princess Anne and Amelia streets, Rev. R. A. +Williams, Pastor. + +The Methodist Church--on Hanover street, Rev. J. R. Jacobs, Pastor. + +St. Mary's Catholic Church--on Princess Anne street, Father Perrig, +Pastor. + +[Illustration: The Will of Mary Washington is on exhibition at the Clerk's +office of the Corporation Court. This is in a good state of preservation.] + + + + +Some Interesting Facts + +The first resolution declaring American Independence was passed in +Fredericksburg, April 27th, 1775, twenty-one days before the next earlier. + +Seven presidents and three of the greatest military leaders was born at +Fredericksburg or within a short distance. + +It was John Paul Jones, a Fredericksburg man, who raised the first flag +over our infant navy, in 1775. + +At Fredericksburg and within fifteen miles, more great armies manoeuvered, +more great battles were fought, more men were engaged in mortal combat and +more officers and privates were killed and wounded than in any similar +territory in the world. + +The tallest and most imposing monument erected to a woman is erected at +Fredericksburg to the memory of Mary Washington. + +James Monroe, for many years a citizen of Fredericksburg, announced the +American principal known as the Monroe Doctrine. + +James Madison, born near Fredericksburg, gave to the country the +Constitution of the United States. + +It was Fredericksburg that gave to the country the head of the Armies in +the Great War for Independence and the first president, in the person of +the peerless Washington. + + +Close Driving Distance + + Sedgwick Monument 12 miles + "Stonewall" Jackson Monument 11 " + Massachusetts Monument 10 " + Hays Monument 10 " + Spotsylvania C. H. 12 " + Salem Church 3 " + Chancellorsville 10 " + Wilderness 15 " + Bloody Angle 12 " + Hamilton's Crossing 4 " + Falmouth 1 mile + Lacy House (Burnside Headquarters) 1/2 " + Phillips House (Sumner's Headquarters) 1 " + + +Losses on the Six Battlefields + + FREDERICKSBURG-HAMILTON'S CROSSING + + Fed. Con. Total + + Fred'sburg, Dec. 13, '62, May 3-4 '63} 12,653 5,377 18,030 + Hamilton s Crossing, Dec. 13, 1862 } + + CHANCELLORSVILLE-SALEM CHURCH + + Chancellorsville, May 1-3, 1863} 17,287 12,463 29,750 + Salem Church, May 3-4, 1863 } + + WILDERNESS + + Wilderness, May 5-6, 1864 17,666 10,641 28,307 + + SPOTSYLVANIA + + Spotsylvania, May 8-21, 1864 15,577 11,578 27,155 + ------ ------ ------ + Total 63,183 40,059 103,242 + + + + +[Illustration: FREDERICKSBURG AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST] + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Fredericksburg and Its Many Points of +Interest, by R. A. 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