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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Memoirs of Louis XIV., Volume 3
+by Duc de Saint-Simon
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Memoirs of Louis XIV., Volume 3
+       And His Court and of The Regency
+
+Author: Duc de Saint-Simon
+
+Release Date: December 3, 2004 [EBook #3862]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV., ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+          MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV AND HIS COURT AND OF THE REGENCY
+
+                        BY THE DUKE OF SAINT-SIMON
+
+
+
+
+VOLUME 3.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII
+
+For the last two or three years the King of Spain had been in very weak
+health, and in danger of his life several times.  He had no children, and
+no hope of having any.  The question, therefore, of the succession to his
+vast empire began now to agitate every European Court.  The King of
+England (William III.), who since his usurpation had much augmented his
+credit by the grand alliance he had formed against France, and of which
+he had been the soul and the chief up to the Peace of Ryswick, undertook
+to arrange this question in a manner that should prevent war when the
+King of Spain died.  His plan was to give Spain, the Indies, the Low
+Countries, and the title of King of Spain to the Archduke, second son of
+the Emperor; Guipuscoa, Naples, Sicily, and Lorraine to France; and the
+Milanese to M. de Lorraine, as compensation for taking away from him his
+territory.
+
+The King of England made this proposition first of all to our King; who,
+tired of war, and anxious for repose, as was natural at his age, made few
+difficulties, and soon accepted.  M. de Lorraine was not in a position to
+refuse his consent to a change recommended by England, France, and
+Holland.  Thus much being settled, the Emperor was next applied to.  But
+he was not so easy to persuade: he wished to inherit the entire
+succession, and would not brook the idea of seeing the House of Austria
+driven from Italy, as it would have been if the King of England's
+proposal had been carried out.  He therefore declared it was altogether
+unheard of and unnatural to divide a succession under such circumstances,
+and that he would hear nothing upon the subject until after the death of
+the King of Spain.  The resistance he made caused the whole scheme to
+come to the ears of the King of Spain, instead of remaining a secret, as
+was intended.
+
+The King of Spain made a great stir in consequence of what had taken
+place, as though the project had been formed to strip him, during his
+lifetime, of his realm.  His ambassador in England spoke so insolently
+that he was ordered to leave the country by William, and retired to
+Flanders.  The Emperor, who did not wish to quarrel with England,
+intervened at this point, and brought about a reconciliation between the
+two powers.  The Spanish ambassador returned to London.
+
+The Emperor next endeavoured to strengthen his party in Spain.  The
+reigning Queen was his sister-in-law and was all-powerful.  Such of the
+nobility and of the ministers who would not bend before her she caused to
+be dismissed; and none were favoured by her who were not partisans of the
+House of Austria.  The Emperor had, therefore, a powerful ally at the
+Court of Madrid to aid him in carrying out his plans; and the King was so
+much in his favour, that he had made a will bequeathing his succession to
+the Archduke.  Everything therefore seemed to promise success to the
+Emperor.
+
+But just at this time, a small party arose in Spain, equally opposed to
+the Emperor, and to the propositions of the King of England.  This party
+consisted at first of only five persons: namely, Villafranca, Medina-
+Sidonia, Villagarcias, Villena, and San Estevan, all of them nobles, and
+well instructed in the affairs of government.  Their wish was to prevent
+the dismemberment of the Spanish kingdom by conferring the whole
+succession upon the son of the only son of the Queen of France, Maria
+Theresa, sister of the King of Spain.  There were, however, two great
+obstacles in their path.  Maria Theresa, upon her marriage with our King,
+had solemnly renounced all claim to the Spanish throne, and these
+renunciations had been repeated at the Peace of the Pyrenees.  The other
+obstacle was the affection the King of Spain bore to the House of
+Austria,--an affection which naturally would render him opposed to any
+project by which a rival house would be aggrandised at its expense.
+
+As to the first obstacle, these politicians were of opinion that the
+renunciations made by Maria Theresa held good only as far as they applied
+to the object for which they were made.  That object was to prevent the
+crowns of France and Spain from being united upon one head, as might have
+happened in the person of the Dauphin.  But now that the Dauphin had
+three sons, the second of whom could be called to the throne of Spain,
+the renunciations of the Queen became of no import.  As to the second
+obstacle, it was only to be removed by great perseverance and exertions;
+but they determined to leave no stone unturned to achieve their ends.
+
+One of the first resolutions of this little party was to bind one another
+to secrecy.  Their next was to admit into their confidence Cardinal
+Portocarrero, a determined enemy to the Queen.  Then they commenced an
+attack upon the Queen in the council; and being supported by the popular
+voice, succeeded in driving out of the country Madame Berlips, a German
+favourite of hers, who was much hated on account of the undue influence
+she exerted, and the rapacity she displayed.  The next measure was of
+equal importance.  Madrid and its environs groaned under the weight of
+a regiment of Germans commanded by the Prince of Darmstadt.  The council
+decreed that this regiment should be disbanded, and the Prince thanked
+for his assistance.  These two blows following upon each other so
+closely, frightened the Queen, isolated her, and put it out of her power
+to act during the rest of the life of the King.
+
+There was yet one of the preliminary steps to take, without which it was
+thought that success would not be certain.  This was to dismiss the
+King's Confessor, who had been given to him by the Queen, and who was a
+zealous Austrian.
+
+Cardinal Portocarrero was charged with this duty, and he succeeded so
+well, that two birds were killed with one stone.  The Confessor was
+dismissed, and another was put in his place, who could be relied upon to
+do and say exactly as he was requested.  Thus, the King of Spain was
+influenced in his conscience, which had over him so much the more power,
+because he was beginning to look upon the things of this world by the
+glare of that terrible flambeau that is lighted for the dying.  The
+Confessor and the Cardinal, after a short time, began unceasingly to
+attack the King upon the subject of the succession.  The King, enfeebled
+by illness, and by a lifetime of weak health, had little power of
+resistance.  Pressed by the many temporal, and affrighted by the many
+spiritual reasons which were brought forward by the two ecclesiastics,
+with no friend near whose opinion he could consult, no Austrian at hand
+to confer with, and no Spaniard who was not opposed to Austria;--the King
+fell into a profound perplexity, and in this strait, proposed to consult
+the Pope, as an authority whose decision would be infallible.  The
+Cardinal, who felt persuaded that the Pope was sufficiently enlightened
+and sufficiently impartial to declare in favour of France, assented to
+this step; and the King of Spain accordingly wrote a long letter to Rome,
+feeling much relieved by the course he had adopted.
+
+The Pope replied at once and in the most decided manner.  He said he saw
+clearly that the children of the Dauphin were the next heirs to the
+Spanish throne, and that the House of Austria had not the smallest right
+to it.  He recommended therefore the King of Spain to render justice to
+whom justice was due, and to assign the succession of his monarchy to a
+son of France.  This reply, and the letter which had given rise to it,
+were kept so profoundly secret that they were not known in Spain until
+after the King's death.
+
+Directly the Pope's answer had been received the King was pressed to make
+a fresh will, and to destroy that which he had previously made in favour
+of the Archduke.  The new will accordingly was at once drawn up and
+signed; and the old one burned in the presence, of several witnesses.
+Matters having arrived at this point, it was thought opportune to admit
+others to the knowledge of what had taken place.  The council of state,
+consisting of eight members, four of whom were already in the secret, was
+made acquainted with the movements of the new party; and, after a little
+hesitation, were gained over.
+
+The King, meantime, was drawing near to his end.  A few days after he had
+signed the new will he was at the last extremity, and in a few days more
+he died.  In his last moments the Queen had been kept from him as much as
+possible, and was unable in any way to interfere with the plans that had
+been so deeply laid.  As soon as the King was dead the first thing to be
+done was to open his will.  The council of state assembled for that
+purpose, and all the grandees of Spain who were in the capital took part
+in it, The singularity and the importance of such an event, interesting
+many millions of men, drew all Madrid to the palace, and the rooms
+adjoining that in which the council assembled were filled to suffocation.
+All the foreign ministers besieged the door.  Every one sought to be the
+first to know the choice of the King who had just died, in order to be
+the first to inform his court.  Blecourt, our ambassador, was there with
+the others, without knowing more than they; and Count d'Harrach,
+ambassador from the Emperor, who counted upon the will in favour of the
+Archduke, was there also, with a triumphant look, just opposite the door,
+and close by it.
+
+At last the door opened, and immediately closed again.  The Duc
+d'Abrantes, a man of much wit and humour, but not to be trifled with,
+came out.  He wished to have the pleasure of announcing upon whom the
+successorship had fallen, and was surrounded as soon as he appeared.
+Keeping silence, and turning his eyes on all sides, he fixed them for a
+moment on Blecourt, then looked in another direction, as if seeking some
+one else.  Blecourt interpreted this action as a bad omen.  The Duc
+d'Abrantes feigning at last to discover the Count d'Harrach, assumed a
+gratified look, flew to him, embraced him, and said aloud in Spanish,
+"Sir, it is with much pleasure;" then pausing, as though to embrace him
+better, he added: "Yes, sir, it is with an extreme joy that for all my
+life," here the embraces were redoubled as an excuse for a second pause,
+after which he went on--"and with the greatest contentment that I part
+from you, and take leave of the very august House of Austria."  So saying
+he clove the crowd, and every one ran after him to know the name of the
+real heir.
+
+The astonishment and indignation of Count d'Harrach disabled him from
+speaking, but showed themselves upon his face in all their extent.  He
+remained motionless some moments, and then went away in the greatest
+confusion at the manner in which he had been duped.
+
+Blecourt, on the other hand, ran home without asking other information,
+and at once despatched to the King a courier, who fell ill at Bayonne,
+and was replaced by one named by Harcourt, then at Bayonne getting ready
+for the occupation of Guipuscoa.  The news arrived at Court
+(Fontainebleau) in the month of November.  The King was going out
+shooting that day; but, upon learning what had taken place, at once
+countermanded the sport, announced the death of the King of Spain, and at
+three o'clock held a council of the ministers in the apartments of Madame
+de Maintenon.  This council lasted until past seven o'clock in the
+evening.  Monseigneur, who had been out wolf-hunting, returned in time to
+attend it.  On the next morning, Wednesday, another council was held, and
+in the evening a third, in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon.
+However accustomed persons were at the Court to the favour Madame de
+Maintenon enjoyed there, they were extremely surprised to see two
+councils assembled in her rooms for the greatest and most important
+deliberation that had taken place during this long reign, or indeed
+during many others.
+
+The King, Monseigneur, the Chancellor, the Duc de Brinvilliers, Torcy,
+and Madame de Maintenon, were the only persons who deliberated upon this
+affair.  Madame de Maintenon preserved at first a modest silence; but the
+King forced her to give her opinion after everybody had spoken except
+herself.  The council was divided.  Two were for keeping to the treaty
+that had been signed with King William, two for accepting the will.
+Monseigneur, drowned as he was in fat and sloth, appeared in quite
+another character from his usual ones at these councils.  To the great
+surprise of the King and his assistants, when it was his turn to speak he
+expressed himself with force in favour of accepting the testament.  Then,
+turning towards the King in a respectful but firm manner, he said that he
+took the liberty of asking for his inheritance, that the monarchy of
+Spain belonged to the Queen his mother, and consequently to him; that he
+surrendered it willingly to his second son for the tranquillity of
+Europe; but that to none other would he yield an inch of ground.  These
+words, spoken with an inflamed countenance, caused excessive surprise,
+The King listened very attentively, and then said to Madame de Maintenon,
+"And you, Madame, what do you think upon all this?"  She began by
+affecting modesty; but pressed, and even commanded to speak, she
+expressed herself with becoming confusion; briefly sang the praises of
+Monseigneur, whom she feared and liked but little--sentiments perfectly
+reciprocated--and at last was for accepting the will.
+
+
+[Illustration: Madame Maintenon In Conferance--Painted by Sir John Gilbert--front1]
+
+
+The King did not yet declare himself.  He said that the affair might well
+be allowed to sleep for four-and-twenty hours, in order that they might
+ascertain if the Spaniards approved the choice of their King.  He
+dismissed the council, but ordered it to meet again the next evening at
+the same hour and place.  Next day, several couriers arrived from Spain,
+and the news they brought left no doubt upon the King's mind as to the
+wishes of the Spanish nobles and people upon the subject of the will.
+When therefore the council reassembled in the apartments of Madame de
+Maintenon, the King, after fully discussing the matter, resolved to
+accept the will.
+
+At the first receipt of the news the King and his ministers had been
+overwhelmed with a surprise that they could not recover from for several
+days.  When the news was spread abroad, the Court was equally surprised.
+The foreign ministers passed whole nights deliberating upon the course
+the King would adopt.  Nothing else was spoken of but this matter.  The
+King one evening, to divert himself, asked the princesses their opinion.
+They replied that he should send M. le Duc d'Anjou (the second son of
+Monseigneur), into Spain, and that this was the general sentiment.
+"I am sure," replied the King, "that whatever course I adopt many people
+will condemn me."
+
+At last, on Tuesday, the 16th of November, the King publicly declared
+himself.  The Spanish ambassador had received intelligence which proved
+the eagerness of Spain to welcome the Duc d'Anjou as its King.  There
+seemed to be no doubt of the matter.  The King, immediately after getting
+up, called the ambassador into his cabinet, where M. le Duc d'Anjou had
+already arrived.  Then, pointing to the Duke, he told the ambassador he
+might salute him as King of Spain.  The ambassador threw himself upon his
+knees after the fashion of his country, and addressed to the Duke a
+tolerably long compliment in the Spanish language.  Immediately
+afterwards, the King, contrary to all custom, opened the two folding
+doors of his cabinet, and commanded everybody to enter.  It was a very
+full Court that day.  The King, majestically turning his eyes towards the
+numerous company, and showing them M. le Duc d'Anjou said--"Gentlemen,
+behold the King of Spain.  His birth called him to that crown: the late
+King also has called him to it by his will; the whole nation wished for
+him, and has asked me for him eagerly; it is the will of heaven: I have
+obeyed it with pleasure."  And then, turning towards his grandson, he
+said, "Be a good Spaniard, that is your first duty; but remember that you
+are a Frenchman born, in order that the union between the two nations may
+be preserved; it will be the means of rendering both happy, and of
+preserving the peace of Europe."  Pointing afterwards with his finger to
+the Duc d'Anjou, to indicate him to the ambassador, the King added, "If
+he follows my counsels you will be a grandee, and soon; he cannot do
+better than follow your advice."
+
+When the hubbub of the courtiers had subsided, the two other sons of
+France, brothers of M. d'Anjou, arrived, and all three embraced one
+another tenderly several times, with tears in their eyes.  The ambassador
+of the Emperor immediately entered, little suspecting what had taken
+place, and was confounded when he learned the news.  The King afterwards
+went to mass, during which at his right hand was the new King of Spain,
+who during the rest of his stay in France, was publicly treated in every
+respect as a sovereign, by the King and all the Court.
+
+The joy of Monseigneur at all this was very great.  He seemed beside
+himself, and continually repeated that no man had ever found himself in a
+condition to say as he could, "The King my father, and the King my son."
+If he had known the prophecy which from his birth had been said of him,
+"A King's son, a King's father, and never a King," which everybody had
+heard repeated a thousand times, I think he would not have so much
+rejoiced, however vain may be such prophecies.  The King himself was so
+overcome, that at supper he turned to the Spanish ambassador and said
+that the whole affair seemed to him like a dream.  In public, as I have
+observed, the new King of Spain was treated in every respect as a
+sovereign, but in private he was still the Duc d'Anjou.  He passed his
+evenings in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, where he played at all
+sorts of children's games, scampering to and fro with Messeigneurs his
+brothers, with Madame la Duchesse de Bourgogne, and with the few ladies
+to whom access was permitted.
+
+On Friday, the 19th of November, the new King of Spain put on mourning.
+Two days after, the King did the same.  On Monday, the 22nd, letters were
+received from the Elector of Bavaria, stating that the King of Spain had
+been proclaimed at Brussels with much rejoicing and illuminations.  On
+Sunday, the 28th, M. Vaudemont, governor of the Milanese, sent word that
+he had been proclaimed in that territory, and with the same
+demonstrations of joy as at Brussels.
+
+On Saturday, the 4th of December, the King of Spain set out for his
+dominions.  The King rode with him in his coach as far as Sceaux,
+surrounded in pomp by many more guards than usual, gendarmes and light
+horse, all the road covered with coaches and people; and Sceaux, where
+they arrived a little after midday, full of ladies and courtiers, guarded
+by two companies of Musketeers.  There was a good deal of leave-taking,
+and all the family was collected alone in the last room of the apartment;
+but as the doors were left open, the tears they shed so bitterly could be
+seen.  In presenting the King of Spain to the Princes of the blood, the
+King said--"Behold the Princes of my blood and of yours; the two nations
+from this time ought to regard themselves as one nation; they ought to
+have the same interests; therefore I wish these Princes to be attached to
+you as to me; you cannot have friends more faithful or more certain."
+All this lasted a good hour and a half.  But the time of separation at
+last came.  The King conducted the King of Spain to the end of the
+apartment, and embraced him several times, holding him a long while in.
+his arms.  Monseigneur did the same.  The spectacle was extremely
+touching.
+
+The King returned into the palace for some time, in order to recover
+himself.  Monseigneur got into a caleche alone, and went to Meudon; and
+the King of Spain, with his brother, M. de Noailles, and a large number
+of courtiers, set out on his journey.  The King gave to his grandson
+twenty-one purses of a thousand louis each, for pocket-money, and much
+money besides for presents.  Let us leave them on their journey, and
+admire the Providence which sports with the thoughts of men and disposes
+of states.  What would have said Ferdinand and Isabella, Charles V.  and
+Philip II., who so many times attempted to conquer France, and who have
+been so frequently accused of aspiring to universal monarchy, and Philip
+IV., even, with all his precautions at the marriage of the King and at
+the Peace of the Pyrenees,--what would they have said, to see a son of
+France become King of Spain, by the will and testament of the last of
+their blood in Spain, and by the universal wish of all the Spaniards--
+without plot, without intrigue, without a shot being fired on our part,
+and without the sanction of our King, nay even to his extreme surprise
+and that of all his ministers, who had only the trouble of making up
+their minds and of accepting?  What great and wise reflections might be
+made thereon!  But they would be out of place in these Memoirs.
+
+The King of Spain arrived in Madrid on the 19th February.  From his first
+entrance into the country he had everywhere been most warmly welcomed.
+Acclamations were uttered when he appeared; fetes and bull-fights were
+given in his honour; the nobles and ladies pressed around him.  He had
+been proclaimed in Madrid some time before, in the midst of
+demonstrations of joy.  Now that he had arrived among his subjects there,
+that joy burst out anew.  There was such a crowd in the streets that
+sixty people were stifled!  All along the line of route were an infinity
+of coaches filled with ladies richly decked.  The streets through which
+he passed were hung in the Spanish fashion; stands were placed, adorned
+with fine pictures and a vast number of silver vessels; triumphal arches
+were built from side to side.  It is impossible to conceive a greater or
+more general demonstration of joy.  The Buen-Retiro, where the new King
+took up his quarters, was filled with the Court and the nobility.  The
+junta and a number of great men received him at the door, and the
+Cardinal Portocarrero, who was there, threw himself on his knees, and
+wished to kiss the King's hand.  But the King would not permit this;
+raised the Cardinal, embraced him, and treated him as his father.  The
+Cardinal wept with joy, and could not take his eyes off the King.  He was
+just then in the flower of his first youth--fair like the late King
+Charles, and the Queen his grandmother; grave, silent, measured, self-
+contained, formed exactly to live among Spaniards.  With all this, very
+attentive in his demeanour, and paying everybody the attention due to
+him, having taken lessons from d'Harcourt on the way.  Indeed he took off
+his hat or raised it to nearly everybody, so that the Spaniards spoke on
+the subject to the Duc d'Harcourt, who replied to them that the King in
+all essential things would conform himself to usage, but that in others
+he must be allowed to act according to French politeness.  It cannot be
+imagined how much these trifling external attentions attached all hearts
+to this Prince.
+
+He was, indeed, completely triumphant in Spain, and the Austrian party as
+completely routed.  The Queen of Spain was sent away from Madrid, and
+banished to Toledo, where she remained with but a small suite, and still
+less consideration.  Each day the nobles, the citizens, and the people
+had given fresh proof of their hatred against the Germans and against the
+Queen.  She had been almost entirely abandoned, and was refused the most
+ordinary necessaries of her state.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+Shortly after his arrival in Madrid, the new King of Spain began to look
+about him for a wife, and his marriage with the second daughter of M. de
+Savoie (younger sister of Madame de Bourgogne) was decided upon as an
+alliance of much honour and importance to M. de Savoie, and, by binding
+him to her interest, of much utility to France.  An extraordinary
+ambassador (Homodei, brother of the Cardinal of that name) was sent to
+Turin to sign the contract of marriage, and bring back the new Queen into
+Spain.  He was also appointed her Ecuyer, and the Princesse des Ursins
+was selected as her 'Camarera Mayor', a very important office.  The
+Princesse des Ursins seemed just adapted for it.  A Spanish lady could
+not have been relied upon: a lady of our court would not have been fit
+for the post.  The Princesse des Ursins was, as it were, both French and
+Spanish--French by birth, Spanish by marriage.  She had passed the
+greater part of her life in Rome and Italy, and was a widow without
+children.  I shall have more hereafter to say of this celebrated woman,
+who so long and so publicly governed the Court and Crown of Spain, and
+who has made so much stir in the world by her reign and by her fall; at
+present let me finish with the new Queen of Spain.
+
+She was married, then, at Turin, on the 11th of September, with but
+little display, the King being represented by procuration, and set out on
+the 13th for Nice, where she was to embark on board the Spanish galleys
+for Barcelona.  The King of Spain, meanwhile, after hearing news that he
+had been proclaimed with much unanimity and rejoicing in Peru and Mexico,
+left Madrid on the 5th of September, to journey through Aragon and
+Catalonia to Barcelona to meet his wife.  He was much welcomed on his
+route, above all by Saragossa, which received him magnificently.
+
+The new Queen of Spain, brought by the French galleys to Nice, was so
+fatigued with the sea when she arrived there, that she determined to
+finish the rest of the journey by land, through Provence and Languedoc.
+Her graces, her presence of mind, the aptness and the politeness of her
+short replies, and her judicious curiosity, remarkable at her age,
+surprised everybody, and gave great hopes to the Princesse des Ursins.
+
+When within two days' journey of Barcelona, the Queen was met by a
+messenger, bearing presents and compliments from the King.  All her
+household joined her at the same time, being sent on in advance for that
+purpose, and her Piedmontese attendants were dismissed.  She appeared
+more affected by this separation than Madame de Bourgogne had been when
+parting from her attendants.  She wept bitterly, and seemed quite lost in
+the midst of so many new faces, the most familiar of which (that of
+Madame des Ursins) was quite fresh to her.  Upon arriving at Figueras,
+the King, impatient to see her, went on before on horseback.  In this
+first embarrassment Madame des Ursins, although completely unknown to the
+King, and but little known to the Queen, was of great service to both.
+
+Upon arriving at Figueras, the bishop diocesan married them anew, with
+little ceremony, and soon after they sat down to supper, waited upon by
+the Princesse des Ursins and the ladies of the palace, half the dishes
+being French, half Spanish.  This mixture displeased the ladies of the
+palace and several of the Spanish grandees, who plotted with the ladies
+openly to mark their displeasure; and they did so in a scandalous manner.
+Under one pretext or another--such as the weight or heat of the dishes--
+not one of the French dishes arrived upon the table; all were upset;
+while the Spanish dishes, on the contrary, were served without any
+accident.  The affectation and air of chagrin, to say the least of it,
+of the ladies of the palace, were too visible not to be perceived.  But
+the King and Queen were wise enough to appear not to notice this; and
+Madame des Ursins, much astonished, said not a word.
+
+After a long and disagreeable supper, the King and Queen withdrew.  Then
+feelings which had been kept in during supper overflowed.  The Queen wept
+for her Piedmontese women.  Like a child, as she was, she thought herself
+lost in the hands of ladies so insolent; and when it was time to go to
+bed, she said flatly that she would not go, and that she wished to return
+home.  Everything was done to console her; but the astonishment and
+embarrassment were great indeed when it was found that all was of no
+avail.  The King had undressed, and was awaiting her.  Madame des Ursins
+was at length obliged to go and tell him the resolution the Queen had
+taken.  He was piqued and annoyed.  He had until that time lived with the
+completest regularity; which had contributed to make him find the
+Princess more to his taste than he might otherwise have done.  He was
+therefore affected by her 'fantaisie', and by the same reason easily
+persuaded that she would not keep to it beyond the first night.  They did
+not see each other therefore until the morrow, and after they were
+dressed.  It was lucky that by the Spanish custom no one was permitted to
+be present when the newly-married pair went to bed; or this affair, which
+went no further than the young couple, Madame des Ursins, and one or two
+domestics, might have made a very unpleasant noise.
+
+Madame des Ursins consulted with two of the courtiers, as to the best
+measures to be adopted with a child who showed so much force and
+resolution.  The night was passed in exhortations and in promises upon
+what had occurred at the supper; and the Queen consented at last to
+remain Queen.  The Duke of Medina-Sidonia and Count San Estevan were
+consulted on the morrow.  They were of opinion that in his turn the King,
+in order to mortify her and reduce her to terms, should not visit the
+Queen on the following night.  This opinion was acted upon.  The King and
+Queen did not see each other in private that day.  In the evening the
+Queen was very sorry.  Her pride and her little vanity were wounded;
+perhaps also she had found the King to her taste.
+
+The ladies and the grand seigneurs who had attended at the supper were
+lectured for what had occurred there.  Excuses, promises, demands for
+pardon, followed; all was put right; the third day was tranquil, and the
+third night still more agreeable to the young people.  On the fourth day
+they went to Barcelona, where only fetes and pleasures awaited them.
+Soon after they set out for Madrid.
+
+At the commencement of the following year (1702), it was resolved, after
+much debate, at our court, that Philip V. should make a journey to Italy,
+and on Easter-day he set out.  He went to Naples, Leghorn, Milan, and
+Alessandria.  While at the first-named place a conspiracy which had been
+hatching against his life was discovered, and put down.  But other things
+which previously occurred in Italy ought to have been related before.  I
+must therefore return to them now.
+
+From the moment that Philip V. ascended the Spanish throne it was seen
+that a war was certain.  England maintained for some time an obstinate
+silence, refusing to acknowledge the new King; the Dutch secretly
+murmured against him, and the Emperor openly prepared for battle.  Italy,
+it was evident at once, would be the spot on which hostilities would
+commence, and our King lost no time in taking measures to be ready for
+events.  By land and by sea every preparation was made for the struggle
+about to take place.
+
+After some time the war, waited for and expected by all Europe, at last
+broke out, by some Imperialist troops firing upon a handful of men near
+Albaredo.  One Spaniard was killed, and all the rest of the men were
+taken prisoners.  The Imperialists would not give them up until a cartel
+was arranged.  The King, upon hearing this, at once despatched the
+general officers to Italy.  Our troops were to be commanded by Catinat,
+under M. de Savoie; and the Spanish troops by Vaudemont, who was
+Governor-General of the Milanese, and to whom, and his dislike to our
+King, I have before alluded.
+
+Vaudemont at once began to plot to overthrow Catinat, in conjunction with
+Tesse, who had expected the command, and who was irritated because it had
+not been given to him.  They were in communication with Chamillart,
+Minister of War, who aided them, as did other friends at Court, to be
+hereafter named, in carrying out their object.  It was all the more easy
+because they had to do with a man who depended for support solely upon
+his own talent, and whose virtue and simplicity raised him above all
+intrigue and scheming; and who, with much ability and intelligence, was
+severe in command, very laconic, disinterested, and of exceeding pure
+life.
+
+Prince Eugene commanded the army of the Emperor in Italy.  The first two
+generals under him, in order of rank, were allied with Vaudemont: one, in
+fact, was his only son; the other was the son of a friend of his.  The
+least reflection ought to have opened all eyes to the conduct of
+Vaudemont, and to have discerned it to be more than suspicious.  Catinat
+soon found it out.  He could plan nothing against the enemy that they did
+not learn immediately; and he never attempted any movement without
+finding himself opposed by a force more than double his own; so gross was
+this treachery.
+
+Catinat often complained of this: he sent word of it to the Court, but
+without daring to draw any conclusion from what happened.  Nobody
+sustained him at Court, for Vaudemont had everybody in his favour.  He
+captured our general officers by his politeness, his magnificence, and,
+above all, by presenting them with abundant supplies.  All the useful,
+and the agreeable, came from his side; all the dryness, all the
+exactitude, came from Catinat.  It need not be asked which of the two had
+all hearts.  In fine, Tesse and Vaudemont carried out their schemes so
+well that Catinat could do nothing.
+
+While these schemes were going on, the Imperialists were enabled to gain
+time, to strengthen themselves, to cross the rivers without obstacle, to,
+approach us; and, acquainted with everything as they were, to attack a
+portion of our army on the 9th July, at Capri, with five regiments of
+cavalry and dragoons.  Prince Eugene led this attack without his coming
+being in the least degree suspected, and fell suddenly upon our troops.
+Tesse, who was in the immediate neighbourhood with some dragoons,
+advanced rapidly upon hearing this, but only with a few dragoons.  A long
+resistance was made, but at last retreat became necessary.  It was
+accomplished in excellent order, and without disturbance from the enemy;
+but our loss was very great, many officers of rank being among the dead.
+
+Such was our first exploit in Italy; all the fault of which was
+attributed to Catinat.  Tesse and Vaudemont did everything in their power
+to secure his disgrace.  The King, indeed, thus prejudiced against
+Catinat, determined to take from him the command, and appointed the
+Marechal de Villeroy as his successor.  The surprise of everybody at this
+was very great, for no one expected that the Marechal de Villeroy would
+repair the fault of Catinat.  On the evening of his appointment, this
+general was exposed in a very straightforward and public manner by M. de
+Duras.  He did not like the Marechal de Villeroy; and, while everybody
+else was applauding, took the Marechal by the arm, and said, "Monsieur le
+Marechal, everybody is paying you compliments upon your departure to
+Italy, I keep mine until you return;" and then, bursting out laughing, he
+looked round upon the company.  Villeroy remained confounded, without
+offering a word.  Everybody smiled and looked down.  The King took no
+notice.
+
+Catinat, when the command was taken out of his hands by the Marechal de
+Villeroy, made himself admired on every side by the moderation and
+tranquillity with which he conducted himself.  If Vaudemont was satisfied
+with the success of his schemes, it was far otherwise with Tesse, who had
+merely intrigued against Catinat for the purpose of obtaining the command
+of the army.  He did all in his power to ingratiate himself into the
+favour of the Marechal de Villeroy; but the Marechal received these
+advances very coldly.  Tesse's schemes against Catinat were beginning to
+be scented out; he was accused of having wished the Imperialists to
+succeed at Capri, and of indirectly aiding them by keeping back his
+troops; his tirades against Catinat, too, made him suspected.  The
+Marechal de Villeroy would have nothing to do with him.  His conduct was
+contrasted with that of Catinat, who, free after his fall to retire from
+the army, continued to remain there, with rare modesty, interfering in
+nothing.
+
+The first campaign passed without notable incident, except an
+unsuccessful attack upon Chiari, by our troops on the 1st of September.
+M. de Savoie led the attack; but was so firmly met by Prince Eugene, who
+was in an excellent position for defence, that he could do nothing, and
+in the end was compelled to retire disgracefully.  We lost five or six
+colonels and many men, and had a large number wounded.  This action much
+astonished our army, and encouraged that of the enemy, who did almost as
+they wished during the rest of the campaign.
+
+Towards the end of this campaign, the grand airs of familiarity which the
+Marechal de Villeroy gave himself with M. de Savoie drew upon him a cruel
+rebuke, not to say an affront.  M. de Savoie being in the midst of all
+the generals and of the flower of the army, opened, while talking, his
+snuff-box, and was about to take a pinch of snuff, when M. de Villeroy,
+who was standing near, stretched out his hand and put it into the box
+without saying a word.  M. de Savoie flushed up, and instantly threw all
+the snuff upon the ground, gave the box to one of his attendants, and
+told him to fill it again.  The Marechal, not knowing what to do with
+himself, swallowed his shame without daring to say a word, M. de Savoie
+continuing the conversation that he had not interrupted, except to ask
+for the fresh snuff.
+
+The campaign passed away, our troops always retreating, the Imperialists
+always gaining ground; they continually increasing in numbers; we
+diminishing little by little every day.  The Marechal de Villeroy and
+Prince Eugene each took up his winter quarters and crossed the frontier:
+M. de Savoie returned to Turin, and Catinat went to Paris.  The King
+received him well, but spoke of nothing but unimportant matters, and gave
+him no private audience, nor did he ask for one.
+
+Prince Eugene, who was more knowing than the Marechal de Villeroy, had
+obliged him to winter in the midst of the Milanese, and kept him closely
+pressed there, while his own troops enjoyed perfect liberty, by means of
+which they much disturbed ours.  In this advantageous situation, Prince
+Eugene conceived the design of surprising the centre of our quarters, and
+by that blow to make himself master of our positions, and afterwards of
+Milan, and other places of the country, all in very bad order; thus
+finishing effectively and suddenly his conquest.
+
+Cremona was our centre, and it was defended by a strong garrison.  Prince
+Eugene ascertained that there was at Cremona an ancient aqueduct which
+extended far out into the country, and which started from the town in the
+vault of a house occupied by a priest.  He also learnt that this aqueduct
+had been recently cleaned, but that it carried very little water, and
+that in former times the town had been surprised by means of it.  He
+caused the entrance of the aqueduct, in the country, to be reconnoitred,
+he gained over the priest in whose vault it ended, and who lived close to
+one of the gates of the city, which was walled up and but little guarded;
+he sent into Cremona as many chosen soldiers as he could, disguised as
+priests or peasants, and these hiding themselves in the house of the
+friendly priest, obtained secretly as many axes as they could.  Then the
+Prince despatched five hundred picked men and officers to march by the
+aqueduct to the priest's vault; he put Thomas de Vaudemont, son of the
+Governor General of the Milanese, at the head of a large detachment of
+troops, with orders to occupy a redoubt that defended the Po, and to come
+by the bridge to his assistance, when the struggle commenced in the town;
+and he charged the soldiers secreted in the priest's house to break down
+the walled-up gate, so as to admit the troops whom he would lead there.
+
+Everything, thus concerted with exactness, was executed with precision,
+and with all possible secrecy and success.  It was on the 1st of
+February, 1702, at break of day, that the surprise was attempted.  The
+Marechal de Villeroy had only arrived in the town on the previous night.
+The first person who got scent of what was going forward was the cook of
+the Lieutenant-General Crenan, who going out in the early morning to buy
+provisions, saw the streets full of soldiers, whose uniforms were unknown
+to him.  He ran back and awakened his master.  Neither he nor his valets
+would believe what the cook said, but nevertheless Crenan hurriedly
+dressed himself, went out, and was only too soon convinced that it was
+true.
+
+At the same time, by a piece of good luck, which proved the saving of
+Cremona, a regiment under the command of D'Entragues, drew up in battle
+array in one of the public places.  D'Entragues was a bold and skilful
+soldier, with a great desire to distinguish himself.  He wished to review
+this regiment, and had commenced business before the dawn.  While the
+light was still uncertain and feeble, and his battalions were under arms,
+he indistinctly perceived infantry troops forming at the end of the
+street, in front of him.  He knew by the order's given on the previous
+evening that no other review was to take place except his own.  He
+immediately feared, therefore, some surprise, marched at once to these
+troops, whom he found to be Imperialists, charged them, overthrew them,
+sustained the shock of the fresh troops which arrived, and kept up a
+defence so obstinate, that he gave time to all the town to awake, and to
+the majority of the troops to take up arms.  Without him, all would have
+been slaughtered as they slept.
+
+Just at dawn the Marechal de Villeroy, already up and dressed, was
+writing in his chamber.  He heard a noise, called for a horse, and
+followed by a single aide-de-camp and a page, threaded his way through
+the streets to the grand place, which is always the rendezvous in case of
+alarm.  At the turning of one of the streets he fell into the midst of an
+Imperialist corps de garde, who surrounded him and arrested him.  Feeling
+that it was impossible to defend himself, the Marechal de Villeroy
+whispered his name to the officer, and promised him ten thousand
+pistoles, a regiment, and the grandest recompenses from the King, to be
+allowed to escape.  The officer was, however, above all bribes, said he
+had not served the Emperor so long in order to end by betraying him, and
+conducted the Marechal de Villeroy to Prince Eugene, who did not receive
+him so well as he himself would have been received, under similar
+circumstances, by the Marechal.  While in the suite of Prince Eugene,
+Villeroy saw Crenan led in prisoner, and wounded to the death, and
+exclaimed that he should like to be in his place.  A moment after they
+were both sent out of the town, and passed the day, guarded, in the coach
+of Prince Eugene.
+
+Revel, become commander-in-chief by the capture of the Marechal de
+Villeroy, tried to rally the troops.  There was a fight in every street;
+the troops dispersed about, some in detachments, several scarcely armed;
+some only in their shirts fought with the greatest bravery.  They were
+driven at last to the ramparts, where they had time to look about them,
+to rally and form themselves.  If the enemy had not allowed our troops
+time to gain the ramparts, or if they had driven them beyond this
+position, when they reached it, the town could never have held out.  But
+the imperialists kept themselves entirely towards the centre of the town,
+and made no effort to fall upon our men, or to drive them from the
+ramparts.
+
+Praslin, who had the command of our cavalry, put himself at the head of
+some Irish battalions which under him did wonders.  Although continually
+occupied in defending and attacking, Praslin conceived the idea that the
+safety of Cremona depended upon the destruction of the bridge of the Po,
+so that the Imperialists could not receive reinforcements from that
+point.  He repeated this so many times, that Revel was informed of it,
+and ordered Praslin to do what he thought most advisable in the matter.
+Thereupon, Praslin instantly commanded the bridge to be broken down:
+There was not a moment to lose.  Thomas de Vaudemont was already
+approaching the bridge at the head of his troops.  But the bridge,
+nevertheless, was destroyed before his eyes, and with all his musketeers
+he was not able to prevent it.
+
+It was now three o'clock in the afternoon.  Prince Eugene was at the
+Hotel de Ville, swearing in the magistrates.  Leaving that place, and
+finding that his troops were giving way, he ascended the cathedral
+steeple to see what was passing in different parts of the town, and to
+discover why the troops of Thomas de Vaudemont did not arrive.  He had
+scarcely reached the top of the steeple, when he saw his detachments on
+the banks of the Po, and the bridge broken, thus rendering their
+assistance useless.  He was not more satisfied with what he discovered in
+every other direction.  Furious at seeing his enterprise in such bad
+case, after having been so nearly successful, he descended, tearing his
+hair and yelling.  From that time, although superior in force, he thought
+of nothing but retreat.
+
+Revel, who saw that his troops were overwhelmed by hunger, fatigue, and
+wounds, for since the break of day they had had no repose or leisure,
+thought on his side of withdrawing his men into the castle of Cremona,
+in order, at least, to defend himself under cover, and to obtain a
+capitulation.  So that the two opposing chiefs each thought at one and
+the same time of retreat.
+
+Towards the evening therefore the combat slackened on both sides, until
+our troops made a last effort to drive the enemy from one of the gates of
+the town; so as to have that gate free and open during the night to let
+in assistance.  The Irish seconded so well this attack, that it was at
+length successful.  A tolerably long calm succeeded this last struggle.
+Revel, nevertheless, thought of withdrawing his troops to the castle,
+when Mahony, an Irish officer who had fought bravely as a lion all day,
+proposed to go and see what was passing all around.  It was already
+growing dark; the reconnoiterers profited by this.  They saw that
+everything was tranquil, and understood that the enemy had retreated.
+This grand news was carried to Revel, who, with many around him, was a
+long time in believing it.  Persuaded at last, he left everything as it
+was then, until broad daylight, when he found that the enemy had gone,
+and that the streets and public places were filled with the wounded, the
+dying, and the dead.  He made arrangements for everything, and dispatched
+Mahony to the King.
+
+Prince Eugene retreated all that night with the detachment he had led,
+and made the Marechal de Villeroy, disarmed and badly mounted, follow
+him, very indecently.  The Marechal was afterwards sent to Gratz in
+Styria.  Crenan died in the coach of the Marechal de Villeroy.
+D'Entragues, to whose valour the safety of Cremona was owing, did not
+survive this glorious day.  Our loss was great; that of the enemy
+greater.
+
+The news of this, the most surprising event that has been heard of in
+recent ages, was brought to the King at Marly on the 9th of February,
+1702, by Mahony.  Soon after it arrived I heard of it, and at once
+hastened to the chateau, where I found a great buzzing and several groups
+of people talking.  Mahony was closeted a long time with the King.  At
+the end of an hour the King came out of his cabinet, and spoke strongly
+in praise of what had occurred.  He took pleasure in dwelling at great
+length upon Mahony, and declared that he had never heard anybody give
+such a clear and good account of an occurrence as he.  The King kindly
+added that he should bestow a thousand francs a year upon Mahony, and a
+brevet of Colonel.
+
+In the evening M. le Prince de Conti told me that the King had decorated
+Revel, and made Praslin Lieutenant-General.  As the latter was one of my
+particular friends, this intelligence gave me much joy.  I asked again to
+be more sure of the news.  The other principal officers were advanced in
+proportion to their grades, and many received pensions.
+
+As for the Marechal de Villeroy he was treated as those who excite envy
+and then become unfortunate are always treated.  The King, however,
+openly took his part; and in truth it was no fault of the Marechal, who
+had arrived at Cremona the day before the surprise, that he was taken
+prisoner directly he set his foot in the street.--How could he know of
+the aqueduct, the barred-up gate, and the concealed soldiers?
+Nevertheless, his friends were plunged into the greatest grief, and his
+wife, who had not been duped by the eclat which accompanied her husband
+upon his departure for Italy, but who feared for the result, was
+completely overwhelmed, and for a long time could not be prevailed upon
+to see anybody.
+
+M. de Vendome was appointed successor to M. de Villeroy, in command of
+the army in Italy.
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+But it is time now for me to go back to other matters, and to start again
+from the commencement of 1701, from which I have been led by reciting, in
+a continuous story, the particulars of our first campaign in Italy.
+
+Barbezieux had viewed with discontent the elevation of Chamillart.  His
+pride and presumption rose in arms against it; but as there was no remedy
+he gave himself up to debauch, to dissipate his annoyance.  He had built
+between Versailles and Vaucresson, at the end of the park of Saint Cloud,
+a house in the open fields, called l'Etang, which though in the dismalest
+position in the world had cost him millions.  He went there to feast and
+riot with his friends; and committing excesses above his strength, was
+seized with a fever, and died in a few days, looking death steadily in
+the face.  He was told of his approaching end by the Archbishop of
+Rheims; for he would not believe Fagon.
+
+He was thirty-three years of age, with a striking and expressive
+countenance, and much wit and aptitude for labour.  He was remarkable for
+grace, fine manners, and winning ways; but his pride and ambition were
+excessive, and when his fits of ill-temper came, nothing could repress
+them.  Resistance always excited and irritated him.  He had accustomed
+the King--whenever he had drunk too much, or when a party of pleasure was
+toward--to put off work to another time.  It was a great question,
+whether the State gained or lost most by his death?
+
+As soon as he was dead, Saint-Pouange went to Marly to tell the news to
+the King, who was so prepared for it that two hours before, starting from
+Versailles, he had left La Vrilliere behind to put the seals everywhere.
+Fagon, who had condemned him at once, had never loved him or his father,
+and was accused of over-bleeding him on purpose.  At any rate he allowed,
+at one of his last visits, expressions of joy to escape him because
+recovery was impossible.  Barbezieux used to annoy people very much by
+answering aloud when they spoke to him in whispers, and by keeping
+visitors waiting whilst he was playing with his dogs or some base
+parasite.
+
+Many people, especially divers beautiful ladies, lost much by his death.
+Some of the latter looked very disconsolate in the salon at Marly; but
+when they had gone to table, and the cake had been cut (it was Twelfth
+Night), the King manifested a joy which seemed to command imitation.
+He was not content with exclaiming "The Queen drinks," but as in a common
+wine-shop, he clattered his spoon and fork on his plate, and made others
+do so likewise, which caused a strange din, that lasted at intervals all
+through the supper.  The snivellers made more noise than the others, and
+uttered louder screams of laughter; and the nearest relatives and best
+friends were still more riotous.  On the morrow all signs of grief had
+disappeared.
+
+Chamillart was appointed in the place of Barbezieux, as Secretary of
+State; and wanted to give up the Finance, but the King, remembering the
+disputes of Louvois and Colbert, insisted on his occupying both posts.
+Chamillart was a very worthy man, with clean hands and the best
+intentions; polite, patient, obliging, a good friend, and a moderate
+enemy, loving his country, but his King better; and on very good terms
+with him and Madame de Maintenon.  His mind was limited and; like all
+persons of little wit and knowledge, he was obstinate and pig-headed--
+smiling affectedly with a gentle compassion on whoever opposed reasons to
+his, but utterly incapable of understanding them--consequently a dupe in
+friendship, in business, in everything; governed by all who could manage
+to win his admiration, or on very slight grounds could claim his
+affection.  His capacity was small, and yet he believed he knew
+everything, which was the more pitiable, as all this came to him with his
+places, and arose more from stupidity than presumption--not at all from
+vanity, of which he was divested.  The most remarkable thing is that the
+chief origin of the King's tender regard for him was this very
+incapacity.  He used to confess it to the King at every opportunity; and
+the King took pleasure in directing and instructing him, so that he was
+interested in his successes as if they had been his own, and always
+excused him.  The world and the Court excused him also, charmed by the
+facility with which he received people, the pleasure he felt in granting
+requests and rendering services, the gentleness and regretfulness of his
+refusals, and his indefatigable patience as a listener.  His memory was
+so great that he remembered all matters submitted to him, which gave
+pleasure to people who were afraid of being forgotten.  He wrote
+excellently; and his clear, flowing, and precise style was extremely
+pleasing to the King and Madame de Maintenon, who were never weary of
+praising him, encouraging him, and congratulating themselves for having
+placed upon such weak shoulders two burdens, each of which was sufficient
+to overwhelm the most sturdy.
+
+Rose, secretary in the King's cabinet, died, aged about eighty-six, at
+the commencement of the year 1701.  For nearly fifty years he had held
+the office of the "pen," as it is called.  To have the "pen," is to be a
+public forger, and to do what would cost anybody else his life.  This
+office consists in imitating so exactly the handwriting of the King; that
+the real cannot be distinguished from the counterfeit.  In this manner
+are written all the letters that the King ought or wishes to write with
+his own hand, but which, nevertheless, he will not take the trouble to
+write.  Sovereigns and people of high rank, even generals and others of
+importance, employ a secretary of this kind.  It is not possible to make
+a great King speak with more dignity than did Rose; nor with more fitness
+to each person, and upon every subject.  The King signed all the letters
+Rose wrote, and the characters were so alike it was impossible to find
+the smallest difference.  Many important things had passed through the
+hands of Rose: He was extremely faithful and secret, and the King put
+entire trust in him.
+
+Rose was artful, scheming, adroit, and dangerous.  There are stories
+without number of him; and I will relate one or two solely because they
+characterise him, and those to whom they also relate.
+
+He had, near Chantilly, a nice house and grounds that he much liked, and
+that he often visited.  This little property bordered the estate of M. le
+Prince, who, not liking so close a neighbour, wished to get rid of him.
+M. le Prince endeavoured to induce Rose to give up his house and grounds,
+but all to no effect; and at last tried to annoy him in various ways into
+acquiescence.  Among other of his tricks, he put about four hundred
+foxes, old and young, into Rose's park.  It may be imagined what disorder
+this company made there, and the surprise of Rose and his servants at an
+inexhaustible ant-hill of foxes come to one night!
+
+The worthy fellow, who was anger and vehemence itself, knew only too well
+who had treated him thus scurvily, and straightway went to the King,
+requesting to be allowed to ask him rather a rough question.  The King,
+quite accustomed to him and to his jokes,--for he was pleasant and very
+witty, demanded what was the matter.
+
+"What is the matter, Sire?" replied Rose, with a face all flushed.
+"Why, I beg you will tell me if we have two Kings in France?"
+
+"What do you mean?" said the King, surprised, and flushing in his turn.
+
+"What I mean, Sire, is, that if M. le Prince is King like you, folks must
+weep and lower their heads before that tyrant.  If he is only Prince of
+the blood, I ask justice from you, Sire, for you owe it to all your
+subjects, and you ought not to suffer them to be the prey of M. le
+Prince," said Rose; and he related everything that had taken place,
+concluding with the adventure of the foxes.
+
+The King promised that he would speak to M. le Prince in a manner to
+insure the future repose of Rose; and, indeed, he ordered all the foxes
+to be removed from the worthy man's park, all the damages they had made
+to be repaired, and all the expenses incurred to be paid by M. le Prince.
+M. le Prince was too good a courtier to fail in obeying this order, and
+never afterwards troubled Rose in the least thing; but, on the contrary,
+made all the advances towards a reconciliation.  Rose was obliged to
+receive them, but held himself aloof, nevertheless, and continually let
+slip some raillery against M. le Prince.  I and fifty others were one day
+witnesses of this.
+
+M. le Prince was accustomed to pay his court to the ministers as they
+stood waiting to attend the council in the King's chamber; and although
+he had nothing to say, spoke to them with the mien of a client obliged to
+fawn.  One morning, when there was a large assembly of the Court in this
+chamber, and M. le Prince had been cajoling the ministers with much
+suppleness and flattery, Secretary Rose, who saw what had been going on,
+went up to him on a sudden, and said aloud, putting one finger under his
+closed eye, as was sometimes his habit, "Sir, I have seen your scheming
+here with all these gentlemen, and for several days; it is not for
+nothing.  I have known the Court and mankind many years; and am not to be
+imposed upon: I see clearly where matters point:" and this with turns and
+inflections of voice which thoroughly embarrassed M. le Prince, who
+defended himself as he could.  Every one crowded to hear what was going
+on; and at last Rose, taking M. le Prince respectfully by his arm, said,
+with a cunning and meaning smile; "Is it not that you wish to be made
+first Prince of the blood royal?"  Then he turned on his heel, and
+slipped off.  The Prince was stupefied; and all present tried in vain to
+restrain their laughter.
+
+Rose had never pardoned M. de Duras an ill turn the latter had served
+him.  During one of the Court journeys, the carriage in which Rose was
+riding broke down.  He took a horse; but, not being a good equestrian,
+was very soon pitched into a hole full of mud.  While there M. de Duras
+passed, and Rose from the midst of the mire cried for help.  But M. de
+Duras, instead of giving assistance, looked from his coach-window, burst
+out laughing, and cried out: "What a luxurious horse thus to roll upon
+Roses!"--and with this witticism passed gently on through the mud.  The
+next comer, the Duc de Coislin, was more charitable; he picked up the
+worthy man, who was so furious, so carried away by anger, that it was
+some time before he could say who he was.  But the worst was to come; for
+M. de Duras, who feared nobody, and whose tongue was accustomed to wag as
+freely as that of Rose, told the story to the King and to all the Court,
+who much laughed at it.  This outraged Rose to such a point, that he
+never afterwards approached M. de Duras, and only spoke of him in fury.
+Whenever he hazarded some joke upon M. de Duras, the King began to laugh,
+and reminded him of the mud-ducking he had received.
+
+Towards the end of his life, Rose married his granddaughter, who was to
+be his heiress, to Portail, since Chief President of the Parliament.
+The marriage was not a happy one; the young spouse despised her husband;
+and said that instead of entering into a good house, she had remained at
+the portal.  At last her husband and his father complained to Rose.  He
+paid no attention at first; but, tired out at last, said if his
+granddaughter persisted in her bad conduct, he would disinherit her.
+There were no complaints after this.
+
+Rose was a little man, neither fat nor lean, with a tolerably handsome
+face, keen expression, piercing eyes sparkling with cleverness; a little
+cloak, a satin skull-cap over his grey hairs, a smooth collar, almost
+like an Abbe's, and his pocket-handkerchief always between his coat and
+his vest.  He used to say that it was nearer his nose there.  He had
+taken me into his friendship.  He laughed very freely at the foreign
+princes; and always called the Dukes with whom he was familiar, "Your
+Ducal Highness," in ridicule of the sham Highnesses.  He was extremely
+neat and brisk, and full of sense to the last; he was a sort of
+personage.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+On Saturday, the 19th of March, in the evening, the King was about to
+undress himself, when he heard cries in his chamber, which was full of
+courtiers; everybody calling for Fagon and Felix.  Monseigneur had been
+taken very ill.  He had passed the day at Meudon, where he had eaten only
+a collation; at the King's supper he had made amends by gorging himself
+nigh to bursting with fish.  He was a great eater, like the King, and
+like the Queens his mother and grandmother.  He had not appeared after
+supper, but had jest gone down to his own room from the King's cabinet,
+and was about to undress himself, when all at once he lost consciousness.
+His valets, frightened out of their wits, and some courtiers who were
+near, ran to the King's chambers, to his chief physician and his chief
+surgeon with the hubbub which I have mentioned above.  The King, all
+unbuttoned, started to his feet immediately, and descended by a little
+dark, narrow, and steep staircase towards the chamber of Monseigneur.
+Madame la Duchesse de Bourgogne arrived at the same time, and in an
+instant the chamber, which was vast, was filled.
+
+They found Monseigneur half naked: his servants endeavouring to make him
+walk erect, and dragging rather than leading him about.  He did not know
+the King, who spoke to him, nor anybody else; and defended himself as
+long as he could against Felix, who, in this pressing necessity, hazarded
+bleeding him, and succeeded.  Consciousness returned.  Monseigneur asked
+for a confessor; the King had already sent for, the cure.  Many emetics
+were given to him: but two hours passed before they operated.  At half-
+past two in the morning, no further danger appearing, the King, who had
+shed tears, went to bed, leaving orders that he was to be awakened if any
+fresh accident happened.  At five o'clock, however, all the effect having
+passed, the doctors went away, and made everybody leave the sick chamber.
+During the night all Paris hastened hither.  Monseigneur was compelled to
+keep his room for eight or ten days; and took care in future not to gorge
+himself so much with food.  Had this accident happened a quarter of an
+hour later, the chief valet de chambre, who slept in his room, would have
+found him dead in his bed.
+
+Paris loved Monseigneur, perhaps because he often went to the opera.
+The fish-fags of the Halles thought it would be proper to exhibit their
+affection, and deputed four stout gossips to wait upon him: they were
+admitted.  One of them took him round the neck and kissed him on both
+cheeks; the others kissed his hand.  They were all very well received.
+Bontems showed them over the apartments, and treated them to a dinner.
+Monseigneur gave them some money, and the King did so also.  They
+determined not to remain in debt, and had a fine Te Deum sung at Saint
+Eustache, and then feasted.
+
+For some time past Monsieur had been sorely grieved that his son, M. le
+Duc de Chartres, had not been appointed to the command of an army.  When
+M. de Chartres married, the King, who had converted his nephew by force
+into a son-in-law, promised him all kinds of favours; but except those
+which were written down in black and white had not given him any.  M. de
+Chartres, annoyed at this, and at the manner m which the illegitimate
+children were promoted over his head, had given himself up to all kinds
+of youthful follies and excesses.  The King was surprised to find
+Monsieur agree with his son's ambition; but gave a flat refusal when
+overtures were made to him on the subject.  All hope of rising to a high
+command was thus forbidden to the Duc de Chartres; so that Madame had a
+fine excuse for sneering at the weakness which had been shown by
+Monsieur, who, on his part, had long before repented of it.  He winked,
+therefore, at all the escapades performed or threatened by his son, and
+said nothing, not being sorry that the King should become uneasy, which
+was soon the case.
+
+The King at last spoke to Monsieur; and being coldly received, reproached
+him for not knowing how to exercise authority over his son.  Upon this
+Monsieur fired up; and, quite as much from foregone decision as from
+anger, in his turn asked the King what was to be done with a son at such
+an age: who was sick of treading the galleries of Versailles and the
+pavement of the Court; of being married as he was, and of remaining, as
+it were, naked, whilst his brothers-in-law were clothed in dignities,
+governments, establishments, and offices,--against all policy and all
+example.  His son, he said, was worse off than any one in the King's
+service, for all others could earn distinction; added, that idleness was
+the mother of all vice, and that it gave him much pain to see his only
+son abandon himself to debauchery and bad company; but that it would be
+cruel to blame a young man, forced as it were into these follies, and to
+say nothing against him by whom he was thus forced.
+
+Who was astonished to hear this straightforward language?  Why, the King.
+Monsieur had never let out to within a thousand leagues of this tone,
+which was only the more annoying because supported by unanswerable
+reasons that did not convince.  Mastering his embarrassments however, the
+King answered as a brother rather than as a sovereign; endeavouring, by
+gentle words, to calm the excitement of Monsieur.  But Monsieur was stung
+to the quick by the King's neglect of M. de Chartres, and would not be
+pacified; yet the real subject of the annoyance was never once alluded
+to, whilst the one kept it steadily in his mind; and the other was
+determined not to yield.  The conversation lasted very long, and was
+pushed very far; Monsieur throughout taking the high tone, the King very
+gentle.  They separated in this manner,--Monsieur frowning, but not
+daring to burst out; the King annoyed, but not wishing to estrange his
+brother, much less to let their squabble be known.
+
+As Monsieur passed most of his summers at Saint Cloud, the separation
+which this occasioned put them at their ease whilst waiting for a
+reconciliation; and Monsieur came less often than before, but when he did
+filled all their private interviews with bitter talk.  In public little
+or nothing appeared, except that familiar people remarked politeness and
+attention on the King's part, coldness on that of Monsieur--moods not
+common to either.  Nevertheless, being advised not to push matters too
+far, he read a lecture to his son, and made him change his conduct by
+degrees.  But Monsieur still remained irritated against the King; and
+this completely upset him, accustomed as he always had been to live on
+the best of terms with his brother, and to be treated by him in every
+respect as such--except that the King would not allow Monsieur to become
+a great personage.
+
+Ordinarily, whenever Monsieur or Madame were unwell, even if their little
+finger ached, the King visited them at once; and continued his visits if
+the sickness lasted.  But now, Madame had been laid up for six weeks with
+a tertian fever, for which she would do nothing, because she treated
+herself in her German fashion, and despised physic and doctors.  The
+King, who, besides the affair of M. le Duc de Chartres, was secretly
+angered with her, as will presently be seen, had not been to see her,
+although Monsieur had urged him to do so during those flying visits which
+he made to Versailles without sleeping there.  This was taken by
+Monsieur, who was ignorant of the private cause of indignation alluded
+to, for a public mark of extreme disrespect; and being proud and
+sensitive he was piqued thereby to the last degree.
+
+He had other mental troubles to torment him.  For some time past he had
+had a confessor who, although a Jesuit, kept as tight a hand over him as
+he could.  He was a gentleman of good birth, and of Brittany, by name le
+Pere du Trevoux.  He forbade Monsieur not only certain strange pleasures,
+but many which he thought he could innocently indulge in as a penance for
+his past life.  He often told him that he had no mind to be damned on his
+account; and that if he was thought too harsh let another confessor be
+appointed.  He also told him to take great care of himself, as he was
+old, worn out with debauchery, fat, short-necked, and, according to all
+appearance, likely to die soon of apoplexy.  These were terrible words to
+a prince the most voluptuous and the most attached to life that had been
+seen for a long time; who had always passed his days in the most
+luxurious idleness and who was the most incapable by nature of all
+serious application, of all serious reading, and of all self-examination.
+He was afraid of the devil; and he remembered that his former confessor
+had resigned for similar reasons as this new one was actuated by.  He was
+forced now, therefore, to look a little into himself, and to live in a
+manner that, for him, might be considered rigid.  From time to time he
+said many prayers; he obeyed his confessor, and rendered an account to
+him of the conduct he had prescribed in respect to play and many other
+things, and patiently suffered his confessor's long discourses.  He
+became sad, dejected, and spoke less than usual--that is to say, only
+about as much as three or four women--so that everybody soon saw this
+great change.  It would have been strange if all these troubles together
+had not made a great revolution in a man like Monsieur, full-bodied, and
+a great eater, not only at meals, but all the day.
+
+On Thursday, the 8th of June, he went from Saint Cloud to dine with the
+King at Marly; and, as was his custom, entered the cabinet as soon as the
+Council of State went out.  He found the King angry with M. de Chartres
+for neglecting his wife, and allowing her to seek consolation for this
+neglect in the society of others.  M. de Chartres was at that time
+enamoured of Mademoiselle de Sary, maid of honour to Madame, and carried
+on his suit in the most open and flagrant manner.  The King took this for
+his theme, and very stiffly reproached Monsieur for the conduct of his
+son.  Monsieur, who needed little to exasperate him, tartly replied, that
+fathers who had led certain lives had little authority over their
+children, and little right to blame them.  The King, who felt the point
+of the answer, fell back on the patience of his daughter, and said that
+at least she ought not to be allowed to see the truth so clearly.  But
+Monsieur was resolved to have his fling, and recalled, in the most
+aggravating manner, the conduct the King had adopted towards his Queen,
+with respect to his mistresses, even allowing the latter to accompany him
+in his journeys--the Queen at his side, and all in the same coach.  This
+last remark drove the King beyond all patience, and he redoubled his
+reproaches, so that presently both were shouting to each other at the top
+of their voices.  The door of the room in which they wrangled was open,
+and only covered by a curtain, as was the custom at Marly, and the
+adjoining room was full of courtiers, waiting to see the King go by to
+dinner.  On the other side was a little salon, devoted to very private
+purposes, and filled with valets, who could hear distinctly every word of
+what passed.  The attendant without, upon hearing this noise, entered,
+and told the King how many people were within hearing, and immediately
+retired.  The conversation did not stop, however; it was simply carried
+on in a lower tone.  Monsieur continued his reproaches; said that the
+King, in marrying his daughter to M. de Chartres, had promised marvels,
+and had done nothing; that for his part he had wished his son to serve,
+to keep him out of the way of these intrigues, but that his demands had
+been vain; that it was no wonder M. de Chartres amused himself, by way of
+consolation, for the neglect he had been treated with.  Monsieur added,
+that he saw only too plainly the truth of what had been predicted,
+namely, that he would have all the shame and dishonour of the marriage
+without ever deriving any profit from it.  The King, more and more
+carried away by anger, replied, that the war would soon oblige him to
+make some retrenchments, and that he would commence by cutting down the
+pensions of Monsieur, since he showed himself so little accommodating.
+
+At this moment the King was informed that his dinner was ready, and both
+he and Monsieur left the room and went to table, Monsieur, all fury,
+flushed, and with eyes inflamed by anger.  His face thus crimsoned
+induced some ladies who were at table, and some courtiers behind--but
+more for the purpose of saying something than anything else--to make the
+remark, that Monsieur, by his appearance, had great need of bleeding.
+The same thing had been said some time before at Saint Cloud; he was
+absolutely too full; and, indeed, he had himself admitted that it was
+true.  Even the King, in spite of their squabbles, had more than once
+pressed him to consent.  But Tancrede, his head surgeon, was old, and an
+unskilful bleeder: he had missed fire once.  Monsieur would not be bled
+by him; and not to vex him was good enough to refuse being bled by
+another, and to die in consequence.
+
+Upon hearing this observation about bleeding, the King spoke to him again
+on the subject; and said that he did not know what prevented him from
+having him at once taken to his room, and bled by force.  The dinner
+passed in the ordinary manner; and Monsieur ate extremely, as he did at
+all his meals, to say nothing of an abundant supply of chocolate in the
+morning, and what he swallowed all day in the shape of fruit, pastry,
+preserves, and every kind of dainties, with which indeed the tables of
+his cabinets and his pockets were always filled.
+
+Upon rising from the table, the King, in his carriage, alone went to
+Saint Germain, to visit the King and Queen of England.  Other members of
+the family went there likewise separately; and Monsieur, after going
+there also, returned to Saint Cloud.
+
+In the evening, after supper, the King was in his cabinet, with
+Monseigneur and the Princesses, as at Versailles, when a messenger came
+from Saint Cloud, and asked to see the King in the name of the Duc de
+Chartres.  He was admitted into the cabinet, and said that Monsieur had
+been taken very ill while at supper; that he had been bled, that he was
+better, but that an emetic had been given to him.  The fact was, Monsieur
+had supped as usual with the ladies, who were at Saint Cloud.  During the
+meal, as he poured out a glass of liqueur for Madame de Bouillon, it was
+perceived that he stammered, and pointed at something with his hand.  As
+it was customary with him sometimes to speak Spanish, some of the ladies
+asked what he said, others cried aloud.  All this was the work of an
+instant, and immediately afterwards Monsieur fell in a fit of apoplexy
+upon M. de Chartres, who supported him.  He was taken into his room,
+shaken, moved about, bled considerably, and had strong emetics
+administered to him, but scarcely any signs of life did he show.
+
+Upon hearing this news, the King, who had been accustomed to fly to visit
+Monsieur for a mere nothing, went to Madame de Maintenon's, and had her
+waked up.  He passed a quarter of an hour with her, and then, towards
+midnight, returning to his room, ordered his coach to be got ready, and
+sent the Marquis de Gesvres to Saint Cloud, to see if Monsieur was worse,
+in which case he was to return and wake him; and they went quickly to
+bed.  Besides the particular relations in which they were at that time, I
+think that the King suspected some artifice; that he went in consequence
+to consult Madame de Maintenon, and preferred sinning against all laws of
+propriety to running the chance of being duped.  Madame de Maintenon did
+not like Monsieur.  She feared him.  He paid her very little court, and
+despite all his timidity and his more than deference, observations
+escaped him at times, when he was with the King, which marked his disdain
+of her, and the shame that he felt of public opinion.  She was not eager,
+therefore, to advise the King to go and visit him, still less to commence
+a journey by night, the loss of rest, and the witnessing a spectacle so
+sad, and so likely to touch him, and make him make reflections on
+himself; for she hoped that if things went quietly he might be spared the
+trouble altogether.
+
+A moment after the King had got into bed, a page came to say that
+Monsieur was better, and that he had just asked for some Schaffhausen
+water, which is excellent for apoplexy.  An hour and a half later,
+another messenger came, awakened the King, and told him that the emetic
+had no effect, and that Monsieur was very ill.  At this the King rose and
+set out at once.  On the way he met the Marquis de Gesvres, who was
+coming to fetch him, and brought similar news.  It may be imagined what a
+hubbub and disorder there was this night at Marly, and what horror at
+Saint Cloud, that palace of delight!  Everybody who was at Marly hastened
+as he was best able to Saint Cloud.  Whoever was first ready started
+together.  Men and women jostled each other, and then threw themselves
+into the coaches without order and without regard to etiquette.
+Monseigneur was with Madame la Duchesse.  He was so struck by what had
+occurred, and its resemblance to what he himself had experienced, that he
+could scarcely stand, and was dragged, almost carried, to the carriage,
+all trembling.
+
+The King arrived at Saint Cloud before three o'clock in the morning.
+Monsieur had not had a moment's consciousness since his attack.  A ray of
+intelligence came to him for an instant, while his confessor, Pere du
+Trevoux, went to say mass, but it returned no more.  The most horrible
+sights have often ridiculous contrasts.  When the said confessor came
+back, he cried, "Monsieur, do you not know your confessor?  Do you not
+know the good little Pere du Trevoux, who is speaking to you?" and thus
+caused the less afflicted to laugh indecently.
+
+The King appeared much moved; naturally he wept with great facility; he
+was, therefore, all tears.  He had never had cause not to love his
+brother tenderly; although on bad terms with him for the last two months,
+these sad moments recalled all his tenderness; perhaps, too, he
+reproached himself for having hastened death by the scene of the morning.
+And finally, Monsieur was younger than he by two years, and all his life
+had enjoyed as good health as he, and better!  The King heard mass at
+Saint Cloud;  and, towards eight o'clock in the morning, Monsieur being
+past all hope, Madame de Maintenon and Madame la Duchesse de Bourgogne
+persuaded the King to stay no longer, and accordingly returned with him
+in his carriage to Marly.  As he was going out and was showing some sign
+of affection to M. de Chartres--both weeping very much--that young Prince
+did not fail to take advantage of the opportunity.  "Oh Sire!" he
+exclaimed, embracing the King's thighs, "what will become of me?  I lose
+Monsieur, and I know that you do not like me."  The King, surprised and
+much touched, embraced him, and said all the tender things he could.
+
+On arriving at Marly, the King went with the Duchesse de Bourgogne to
+Madame de Maintenon.  Three hours after came M. Fagon, who had been
+ordered not to leave Monsieur until he was dead or better--which could
+not be but by miracle.  The King said, as soon as he saw him: "Well!
+M. Fagon, my brother is dead?"--"Yes, Sire," said Fagon, "no remedy has
+taken effect."
+
+The King wept a good deal.  He was pressed to dine with Madame de
+Maintenon; but he would not do so, and had his dinner, as usual, with the
+ladies.  The tears often ran down his cheek, during the meal, which was
+short.  After this, he shut himself up in Madame de Maintenon's rooms
+until seven o'clock, and then took a turn in his garden.  Afterwards he
+worked with Chamillart and Pontchartrain; and arranged all the funeral
+ceremonies of Monsieur.  He supped an hour before his customary time, and
+went to bed soon afterwards.
+
+At the departure from St. Cloud of the King, all the crowd assembled
+there little by little withdrew, so that Monsieur dying, stretched upon a
+couch in his cabinet, remained exposed to the scullions and the lower
+officers of the household, the majority of whom, either by affection or
+interest, were much afflicted.  The chief officers and others who lost
+posts and pensions filled the air with their cries; whilst all the women
+who were at Saint Cloud, and who lost their consideration and their
+amusement, ran here and there, crying, with dishevelled hair, like
+Bacchantes.  The Duchesse de la Ferme, who had basely married her
+daughter to one of Monsieur's minions, named La Carte, came into the
+cabinet; and, whilst gazing on the Prince, who still palpitated there,
+exclaimed, giving vent to her profound reflections, "Pardi!  Here is a
+daughter well married!"
+
+"A very important matter!" cried Chatillon, who himself lost everything
+by this death.  "Is this a moment to consider whether your daughter is
+well married or not?"
+
+Madame, who had never had great affection or great esteem for Monsieur,
+but who felt her loss and her fall, meanwhile remained in her cabinet,
+and in the midst of her grief cried out, with all her might, "No convent!
+Let no one talk of a convent!  I will have nothing to do with a convent!"
+The good Princess had not lost her judgment.  She knew that, by her
+compact of marriage, she had to choose, on becoming a widow, between a
+convent and the chateau of Montargis.  She liked neither alternative; but
+she had greater fear of the convent than of Montargis; and perhaps
+thought it would be easier to escape from the latter than the former.
+She knew she had much to fear from the King, although she did not yet
+know all, and although he had been properly polite to her, considering
+the occasion.
+
+Next morning, Friday, M. de Chartres, came to the King, who was still in
+bed, and who spoke to him in a very friendly manner.  He said that the
+Duke must for the future regard him as his father; that he would take
+care of his position and his interests; that he had forgotten all the
+little causes of anger he had had against him; that he hoped the Duke
+would also forget them; that he begged that the advances of friendship he
+made, might serve to attach him to him, and make their two hearts belong
+to one another again.  It may easily be conceived how well M. de Chartres
+answered all this.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+After such a frightful spectacle as had been witnessed, so many tears and
+so much tenderness, nobody doubted that the three, days which remained of
+the stay at Marly would be exceedingly sad.  But, on the very morrow of
+the day on which Monsieur died, some ladies of the palace, upon entering
+the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, where was the King with the
+Duchesse de Bourgogne, about twelve o'clock, heard her from the chamber
+where they were, next to hers, singing opera tunes.  A little while
+after, the King, seeing the Duchesse de Bourgogne very sad in a corner of
+the room, asked Madame de Maintenon, with surprise, why the said Duchess
+was so melancholy; set himself to work to rouse her; then played with her
+and some ladies of the palace he had called in to join in the sport.
+This was not all.  Before rising from the dinner table, at a little after
+two o'clock, and twenty-six hours after the death of Monsieur,
+Monseigneur the Duc de Bourgogne asked the Duc de Montfort if he would
+play at brelan.
+
+"At brelan!" cried Montfort, in extreme astonishment; "you cannot mean
+it!  Monsieur is still warm."
+
+"Pardon me," replied the Prince, "I do mean it though.  The King does not
+wish that we should be dull here at Marly, and has ordered me to make
+everybody play; and, for fear that nobody should dare to begin, to set,
+myself, the example;" and with this he began to play at brelan; and the
+salon was soon filled with gaming tables.
+
+Such was the affection of the King: such that of Madame de Maintenon!
+She felt the loss of Monsieur as a deliverance, and could scarcely
+restrain her joy; and it was with the greatest difficulty she succeeded
+in putting on a mournful countenance.  She saw that the King was already
+consoled; nothing could therefore be more becoming than for her to divert
+him, and nothing suited her better than to bring things back into their
+usual course, so that there might be no more talk of Monsieur nor of
+affliction.  For propriety of appearance she cared nothing.  The thing
+could not fail, however, to be scandalous; and in whispers was found so.
+Monseigneur, though he had appeared to like Monsieur, who had given him
+all sorts of balls and amusements, and shown him every kind of attention
+and complaisance, went out wolf hunting the very day after his death;
+and, upon his return, finding play going on in the salons, went without
+hesitation and played himself like the rest.  Monseigneur le Duc de
+Bourgogne and M. le Duc de Berry only saw Monsieur on public occasions,
+and therefore could not be much moved by his loss.  But Madame la
+Duchesse was extremely touched by this event.  He was her grandfather;
+and she tenderly loved her mother, who loved Monsieur; and Monsieur had
+always been very kind to her, and provided all kinds of diversion for
+her.  Although not very loving to anybody, she loved Monsieur; and was
+much affected not to dare to show her grief, which she indulged a long
+time in private.  What the grief of Madame was has already been seen.
+
+As for M. de Chartres, he was much affected by his loss.  The father and
+son loved each other extremely.  Monsieur was a gentle and indulgent
+parent, who had never constrained his son.  But if the Duke's heart was
+touched, his reason also was.  Besides the great assistance it was to him
+to have a father, brother of the King, that father was, as it were,
+a barrier between him and the King, under whose hand he now found himself
+directly placed.  His greatness, his consideration, the comfort of his
+house and his life, would, therefore, depend on him alone.  Assiduity,
+propriety of conduct, a certain manner, and, above all, a very different
+deportment towards his wife, would now become the price of everything he
+could expect to obtain from the King.  Madame la Duchesse de Chartres,
+although well treated by Monsieur, was glad to be delivered from him; for
+he was a barrier betwixt her and the King, that left her at the mercy of
+her husband.  She was charmed to be quit of the duty of following
+Monsieur to Paris or Saint Cloud, where she found herself, as it were, in
+a foreign country, with faces which she never saw anywhere else, which
+did not make her welcome; and where she was exposed to the contempt and
+humour of Madame, who little spared her.  She expected for the future
+never to leave the Court, and to be not only exempt from paying her court
+to Monsieur, but that Madame and her husband would for the future be
+obliged to treat her in quite another manner.
+
+The bulk of the Court regretted Monsieur, for it was he who set all
+pleasure a-going; and when he left it, life and merriment seemed to have
+disappeared likewise.  Setting aside his obstinacy with regard to the
+Princes, he loved the order of rank; preferences, and distinctions: he
+caused them to be observed as much as possible, and himself set the
+example.  He loved great people; and was so affable and polite, that
+crowds came to him.  The difference which he knew how to make, and which
+he never failed to make, between every one according to his position,
+contributed greatly to his popularity.  In his receptions, by his greater
+or less, or more neglectful attention, and by his words, he always marked
+in a flattering manner the differences made by birth and dignity, by age
+and merit, and by profession; and all this with a dignity natural to him,
+and a constant facility which he had acquired.  His familiarity obliged,
+and yet no rash people ever ventured to take advantage of it.  He visited
+or sent exactly when it was proper; and under his roof he allowed a
+complete liberty, without injury to the respect shown him, or to a
+perfect court air.
+
+He had learned from the Queen his mother, and well remembered this art.
+The crowd, therefore, constantly flocked towards the Palais Royal.
+
+At Saint Cloud, where all his numerous household used to assemble, there
+were many ladies who, to speak the truth, would scarcely have been
+received elsewhere, but many also of a higher set, and great store of
+gamblers.  The pleasures of all kinds of games, and the singular beauty
+of the place, where a thousand caleches were always ready to whirl even
+the most lazy ladies through the walks, soft music and good cheer, made
+it a palace of delight, grace, and magnificence.
+
+All this without any assistance from Madame, who dined and supped with
+the ladies and Monsieur, rode out sometimes in a caleche with one of
+them, often sulked with the company, made herself feared for her harsh
+and surly temper--frequently even for her words; and passed her days in a
+little cabinet she had chosen, where the windows were ten feet from the
+ground, gazing perpetually on the portraits of Paladins and other German
+princes, with which she had tapestried the walls; and writing every day
+with her own hand whole volumes of letters, of which she always kept
+autograph copies.  Monsieur had never been able to bend her to a more
+human way of life; and lived decently with her, without caring for her
+person in any way.
+
+For his part, Monsieur, who had very gallantly won the battle of Cassel,
+and who had always shown courage in the sieges where he had served, had
+only the bad qualities that distinguish women.  With more knowledge of
+the world than wit, with no reading, though he had a vast and exact
+acquaintance with noble houses, their births and marriages, he was good
+for nothing.  Nobody was so flabby in body and mind, no one so weak,
+so timid, so open to deception, so led by the nose, so despised by his
+favourites, often so roughly treated by them.  He was quarrelsome in
+small matters, incapable of keeping any secret, suspicious, mistrustful;
+fond of spreading reports in his Court to make mischief, to learn what
+was really going on or just to amuse himself: he fetched and carried from
+one to the other.  With so many defects, unrelated to any virtue, he had
+such an abominable taste, that his gifts and the fortunes that he gave to
+those he took into favour had rendered him publicly scandalous.  He
+neither respected times nor places.  His minions, who owed him
+everything, sometimes treated him most insolently; and he had often much
+to do to appease horrible jealousies.  He lived in continual hot water
+with his favourites, to say nothing of the quarrels of that troop of
+ladies of a very decided character--many of whom were very malicious,
+and, most, more than malicious--with whom Monsieur used to divert
+himself, entering into all their wretched squabbles.
+
+The Chevaliers de Lorraine and Chatillon had both made a large fortune by
+their good looks, with which he was more smitten than with those of any
+other of his favourites.  Chatillon, who had neither head, nor sense, nor
+wit, got on in this way, and acquired fortune.  The other behaved like a
+Guisard, who blushes at nothing provided he succeeds; and governed
+Monsieur with a high hand all his life, was overwhelmed with money and
+benefices, did what he liked for his family, lived always publicly as the
+master with Monsieur; and as he had, with the pride of the Guises, their
+art and cleverness, he contrived to get between the King and Monsieur,
+to be dealt with gingerly, if not feared by both, and was almost as
+important a man with the one as with the other.  He had the finest
+apartments in the Palais Royal and Saint Cloud, and a pension of ten
+thousand crowns.  He remained in his apartments after the death of
+Monsieur, but would not from pride continue to receive the pension, which
+from pride was offered him.  Although it would have been difficult to be
+more timid and submissive than was Monsieur with the King--for he
+flattered both his ministers and his mistresses--he, nevertheless,
+mingled with his respectful demeanour the demeanour of a brother, and the
+free and easy ways of one.  In private, he was yet more unconstrained;
+always taking an armed chair, and never waiting until the King told him
+to sit.  In the Cabinet, after the King appeared, no other Prince sat
+besides him, not even Monseigneur.  But in what regarded his service, and
+his manner of approaching and leaving the King, no private person could
+behave with more respect; and he naturally did everything with grace and
+dignity.  He never, however, was able to bend to Madame de Maintenon
+completely, nor avoid making small attacks on her to the King, nor avoid
+satirising her pretty broadly in person.  It was not her success that
+annoyed him; but simply the idea that La Scarron had become his sister-
+in-law; this was insupportable to him.  Monsieur was extremely vain, but
+not haughty, very sensitive, and a great stickler for what was due to
+him.  Upon one occasion he complained to the King that M. le Duc had for
+some time neglected to attend upon him, as he was bound, and had boasted
+that he would not do it.  The King replied, that it was not a thing to be
+angry about, that he ought to seek an opportunity to be served by M. le
+Duc, and if he would not, to affront him.  Accordingly, one morning at
+Marly, as he was dressing, seeing M. le Duc walking in the garden,
+Monsieur opened the window and called to him.  Monsieur le Duc came up,
+and entered the room.  Then, while one remark was leading to another,
+Monsieur slipped off his dressing-gown, and then his shirt.  A valet de
+chambre standing by, at once slipped a clean shirt into the hands of M.
+le Duc, who, caught thus in a trap, was compelled to offer the garment to
+Monsieur, as it was his duty to do.  As soon as Monsieur had received it,
+he burst out laughing, and said--"Good-bye, cousin, go away.  I do not
+want to delay you longer."  M. le Duc felt the point of this, and went
+away very angry, and continued so in consequence of the high tone
+Monsieur afterwards kept up on the subject.
+
+Monsieur was a little round-bellied man, who wore such high-heeled shoes
+that he seemed mounted always upon stilts; was always decked out like a
+woman, covered everywhere with rings, bracelets, jewels; with a long
+black wig, powdered, and curled in front; with ribbons wherever he could
+put them; steeped in perfumes, and in fine a model of cleanliness.  He
+was accused of putting on an imperceptible touch of rouge.  He had a long
+nose, good eyes and mouth, a full but very long face.  All his portraits
+resembled him.  I was piqued to see that his features recalled those of
+Louis XIII., to whom; except in matters of courage, he was so completely
+dissimilar.
+
+On Saturday, the 11th of June, the Court returned to Versailles.  On
+arriving there the King went to visit Madame and her son and daughter-in-
+law separately.  Madame, very much troubled by reflection on her position
+with regard to the King, had sent the Duchesse de Ventadour to Madame de
+Maintenon.  The latter replied to the message only in general terms; said
+she would visit Madame after dinner, and requested that the Duchess might
+be present at the interview.  It was Sunday, the morning after the return
+from Marly.  After the first compliments, every one went out except
+Madame de Ventadour.  Then Madame requested Madame de Maintenon to sit
+down; and she must have felt her position keenly to bring her to this.
+
+She began the conversation by complaining of the indifference with which
+the King had treated her during her illness.  Madame de Maintenon allowed
+her to talk on; and when she had finished, said that the King had
+commanded her to say that their common loss effaced all the past,
+provided that he had reason to be better satisfied for the future, not
+only as regarded M. le Duc de Chartres, but other matters also.  Upon
+this Madame exclaimed and protested that, except in as far as regarded
+her son, she had never given cause for displeasure; and went on
+alternating complaints and justifications.  Precisely at the point when
+she was most emphatic, Madame de Maintenon drew forth a letter from her
+pocket and asked if the handwriting was known to her.  It was a letter
+from Madame to the Duchess of Hanover, in which she said, after giving
+news of the Court, that no one knew what to say of the intercourse
+between the King and Madame de Maintenon, whether it was that of marriage
+or of concubinage; and then, touching upon other matters, launched out
+upon the misery of the realm: that, she said, was too great to be
+relieved.  This letter had been opened at the post--as almost all letters
+were at that time, and are indeed still--and sent to the King.  It may be
+imagined that this was a thunderstroke to Madame: it nearly killed her.
+She burst into tears; and Madame de Maintenon very quietly and demurely
+began to represent to her the contents of the letter in all its parts,
+especially as it was addressed to a foreign country.  Madame de Ventadour
+interposed with some twaddle, to give Madame time to breathe and recover
+sufficiently to say something.  The best excuse was the admission of what
+could not be denied, with supplications for pardon, expressions of
+repentance, prayers, promises.  But Madame de Maintenon had not finished
+yet.  Having got rid of the commission she had been charged with by the
+King, she next turned to her own business: she asked Madame how it was,
+that after being so friendly with her a long time ago, she had suddenly
+ceased to bestow any regard upon her, and had continued to treat her with
+coldness ever since.  At this, Madame thinking herself quite safe, said
+that the coldness was on the part of Madame de Maintenon, who had all on
+a sudden discontinued the friendly intercourse which formerly existed
+between them.  As before, Madame de Maintenon allowed Madame to talk her
+fill before she replied.  She then said she was about to divulge a secret
+which had never escaped her mouth, although she had for ten years been at
+liberty to tell it; and she forthwith related a thousand most offensive
+things which had been uttered against her by Madame to the late Madame la
+Dauphine.  This latter, falling out with Madame, had related all these
+things to Madame de Maintenon, who now brought them forward triumphantly.
+
+At this new blow, Madame was thunderstruck, and stood like a statue.
+There was nothing for it but to behave as before--that is to say, shed
+tears, cry, ask pardon, humble herself, and beg for mercy.  Madame de
+Maintenon triumphed coldly over her for a long time,--allowing her to
+excite herself in talking, and weeping, and taking her hands, which she
+did with increasing energy and humility.  This was a terrible humiliation
+for such a haughty German.  Madame de Maintenon at last gave way, as she
+had always meant to do after having satiated her vengeance.  They
+embraced, promised forgetfulness on both sides, and a new friendship from
+that time.  The King, who was not ignorant of what had occurred, took
+back Madame into favour.  She went neither to a convent nor to Montargis,
+but was allowed to remain in Paris, and her pension was augmented.  As
+for M. le Duc de Chartres, he was prodigiously well treated.  The King
+gave him all the pensions Monsieur had enjoyed, besides allowing him to
+retain his own; so that he had one million eight hundred thousand livres
+a year; added to the Palais Royal, Saint Cloud, and other mansions.  He
+had a Swiss guard, which none but the sons of France had ever had before;
+in fact he retained all the privileges his father had enjoyed, and he
+took the name of Duc d'Orleans.  The pensions of Madame de Chartres were
+augmented.  All these honours so great and so unheard of bestowed on M.
+de Chartres, and an income of a hundred thousand crowns more than his
+father, were due solely to the quarrel which had recently taken place
+between Monsieur and the King, as to the marriage M. de Chartres had
+made.  People accustom themselves to everything, but this prodigious good
+fortune infinitely surprised everybody.  The Princes of the blood were
+extremely mortified.  To console them, the King immediately gave to M. le
+Prince all the advantages of a first Prince of the blood, and added ten
+thousand crowns to his pension.
+
+Madame wore deep mourning for forty days, after which she threw it almost
+entirely aside, with the King's permission.  He did not like to see such
+sad-looking things before his eyes every day.  Madame went about in
+public, and with the Court, in her half-mourning, under pretence that
+being with the King, and living under his roof, she was of the family.
+But her conduct was not the less thought strange in spite of this excuse.
+During the winter, as the King could not well go to the theatre, the
+theatre cane to him, in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, where
+comedies with music were played.  The King wore mourning for six months,
+and paid all the expenses of the superb funeral which took place on the
+13th of June.
+
+While upon the subject of Monsieur, I will relate an anecdote known to
+but few people, concerning the death of his first wife, Henriette
+d'Angleterre, whom nobody doubts was poisoned.  Her gallantries made
+Monsieur jealous; and his tastes made her furious.  His favourites, whom
+she hated, did all in their power to sow discord between them, in order
+to dispose of Monsieur at their will.  The Chevalier de Lorraine, then in
+the prime of his first youth (having been born in 1643) completely ruled
+over Monsieur, and made Madame feel that he had this power.  She,
+charming and young, could not suffer this, and complained to the King,
+so that M. de Lorraine was exiled.  When Monsieur heard this, he swooned,
+then melted into tears, and throwing himself at the feet of the King,
+implored him to recall M. de Lorraine.  But his prayers were useless,
+and, rushing away in fury, he retired into the country and remained there
+until, ashamed of a thing so publicly disgraceful, he returned to Paris
+and lived with Madame as before.
+
+Although M. de Lorraine was banished, two of his intimate friends,
+D'Effiat and the Count de Beuvron, remained in the household of Monsieur.
+The absence of M. de Lorraine nipped all their hopes of success, and made
+them fear that some other favourite might arrive from whom they could
+hope for nothing.  They saw no chance that M. de Lorraine's exile would
+speedily terminate; for Madame (Henriette d'Angleterre) was in greater
+favour with the King than ever, and had just been sent by him into
+England on a mysterious errand in which she had perfectly succeeded.
+She returned triumphant and very well in health.  This gave the last blow
+to the hopes of D'Effiat and Beuvron, as to the return of M. de Lorraine,
+who had gone to Italy to try to get rid of his vexation.  I know not
+which of the three thought of it first, but the Chevalier de Lorraine
+sent a sure and rapid poison to his two friends by a messenger who did
+not probably know what he carried.
+
+At Saint Cloud, Madame was in the habit of taking a glass of endive-
+water, at about seven o'clock in the evening.  A servant of hers used to
+make it, and then put it away in a cupboard where there was some ordinary
+water for the use of Madame if she found the other too bitter.  The
+cupboard was in an antechamber which served as the public passage by
+which the apartments of Madame were reached.  D'Effiat took notice of all
+these things, and on the 29th of June, 1670, he went to the ante-chamber;
+saw that he was unobserved and that nobody was near, and threw the poison
+into the endive-water; then hearing some one approaching, he seized the
+jug of common water and feigned to be putting it back in its place just
+as the servant, before alluded to, entered and asked him sharply what he
+was doing in that cupboard.  D'Effiat, without losing countenance, asked
+his pardon, and said, that being thirsty, and knowing there was some
+water in the cupboard, he could not resist drinking.  The servant
+grumbled; and D'Effiat, trying to appease him, entered the apartments of
+Madame, like the other courtiers, and began talking without the slightest
+emotion.
+
+What followed an hour afterwards does not belong to my subject, and has
+made only too much stir throughout all Europe.  Madame died on the
+morrow, June 30, at three o'clock in the morning; and the King was
+profoundly prostrated with grief.  Apparently during the day, some
+indications showed him that Purnon, chief steward of Madame, was in the
+secret of her decease.  Purnon was brought before him privately, and was
+threatened with instant death, unless he disclosed all; full pardon being
+on the contrary promised him if he did.  Purnon, thus pressed, admitted
+that Madame had been poisoned, and under the circumstance I have just
+related.  "And my brother," said the King, "did he know of this?"--
+"No, Sire, not one of us was stupid enough to tell him; he has no
+secrecy, he would have betrayed us."  On hearing this answer the King
+uttered a great "ah!" like a man oppressed, who suddenly breathes again.
+
+Purnon was immediately set at liberty; and years afterwards related this
+narrative to M. Joly de Fleury, procureur-general of the Parliament, by
+which magistrate it was related to me.  From this same magistrate I
+learned that, a few days before the second marriage of Monsieur, the King
+took Madame aside and told her that circumstance, assuring her that he
+was too honest a man to wish her to marry his brother, if that brother
+could be capable of such a crime.  Madame profited by what she heard.
+Purnon remained in her service; but after a time she pretended to find
+faults in him, and made him resign; he sold his post accordingly, towards
+the end of 1674, to Maurel de Vaulonne, and quitted her service.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+A the breaking out of the war in Italy this year Segur bought the
+government of the Foix country from Tallard, one of the generals called
+away to serve in that war.  Segur had been in his youth a very handsome
+fellow; he was at that time in the Black Musketeers, and this company was
+always quartered at Nemours while the Court was at Fontainebleau.  Segur
+played very well upon the lute; but found life dull, nevertheless, at
+Nemours, made the acquaintance of the Abbesse de la Joye, a place hard
+by, and charmed her ears and eyes so much that she became with child by
+him.  After some months the Abbess pleaded illness, left the convent, and
+set out for the waters, as she said.  Putting off her journey too long,
+she was obliged to stop a night at Fontainebleau; and in consequence of
+the Court being there, could find no accommodation, except in a wretched
+little inn already full of company.  She had delayed so long that the
+pangs of labour seized her in the night, and the cries she uttered
+brought all the house to her assistance.  She was delivered of a child
+then and there; and the next morning this fact was the talk of the town.
+
+The Duc de Saint Aignan, one of the first of the courtiers who learned
+it, went straight to the King, who was brisk and free enough in those
+days, and related to him what had occurred; the King laughed heartily at
+the poor Abbess, who, while trying to hide her shame, had come into the
+very midst of the Court.  Nobody knew then that her abbey was only four
+leagues distant, but everybody learned it soon, and the Duc de Saint
+Aignan among the first.
+
+When he returned to his house, he found long faces on every side.  His
+servants made signs one to another, but nobody said a word.  He perceived
+this, and asked what was the matter; but, for some time, no one dared to
+reply.  At last a valet-de-chambre grew bold enough to say to Saint
+Aignan, that the Abbess, whose adventure had afforded so much mirth, was
+his own daughter; and that, after he had gone to the King, she had sent
+for assistance, in order to get out of the place where she was staying.
+
+It was now the Duke's turn to be confused.  After having made the King
+and all the Court laugh at this adventure, he became himself the
+laughing-stock of everybody.  He bore the affair as well as he could;
+carried away the Abbess and her baggage; and, as the scandal was public,
+made her send in her resignation and hide herself in another convent,
+where she lived more than forty years.
+
+That worthy man, Saint-Herem, died this year at his house in Auvergne, to
+which he had retired.  Everybody liked him; and M. de Rochefoucauld had
+reproached the King for not making him Chevalier of the Order.  The King
+had confounded him with Courtine, his brother-in-law, for they had
+married two sisters; but when put right had not given the favour.
+
+Madame de Saint-Herem was the most singular creature in the world, not
+only in face but in manners.  She half boiled her thigh one day in the
+Seine, near Fontainebleau, where she was bathing.  The river was too
+cold; she wished to warm it, and had a quantity of water heated and
+thrown into the stream just above her.  The water reaching her before it
+could grow cold, scalded her so much that she was forced to keep her bed.
+
+When it thundered, she used to squat herself under a couch and make all
+her servants lie above, one upon the other, so that if the thunderbolt
+fell, it might have its effect upon them before penetrating to her.  She
+had ruined herself and her husband, though they were rich, through sheer
+imbecility; and it is incredible the amount of money she spent in her
+absurdities.
+
+The best adventure which happened to her, among a thousand others, was at
+her house in the Place Royale, where she was one day attacked by a
+madman, who, finding her alone in her chamber, was very enterprising.
+The good lady, hideous at eighteen, but who was at this time eighty and a
+widow, cried aloud as well as she could.  Her servants heard her at last,
+ran to her assistance, and found her all disordered, struggling in the
+hands of this raging madman.  The man was found to be really out of his
+senses when brought before the tribunal, and the story amused everybody.
+
+The health of the King of England (James II.), which had for some time
+been very languishing, grew weaker towards the middle of August of this
+year, and by the 8th of September completely gave way.  There was no
+longer any hope.  The King, Madame de Maintenon, and all the royal
+persons, visited him often.  He received the last sacrament with a piety
+in keeping with his past life, and his death was expected every instant.
+In this conjuncture the King made a resolve more worthy of Louis XII., or
+Francis I., than of his own wisdom.  On Tuesday, the 13th of September,
+he went from Marly to Saint Germain.  The King of England was so ill that
+when the King was announced to him he scarcely opened his eyes for an
+instant.  The King told him that he might die in peace respecting the
+Prince of Wales, whom he would recognise as King of England, Scotland,
+and Ireland.
+
+The few English who were there threw themselves upon their knees, but the
+King of England gave no signs of life.  The gratitude of the Prince of
+Wales and of his mother, when they heard what the King had said, may be
+imagined.  Returned to Marly, the King repeated to all the Court what he
+had said.  Nothing was heard but praises and applause.
+
+Yet reflections did not fail to be made promptly, if not publicly.  It
+was seen, that to recognise the Prince of Wales was to act in direct
+opposition to the recognition of the Prince of Orange as King of England,
+that the King had declared at the Peace of Ryswick.  It was to wound the
+Prince of Orange in the tenderest point, and to invite England and
+Holland to become allies of the Emperor against France.  As for the
+Prince of Wales, this recognition was no solid advantage to him, but was
+calculated to make the party opposed to him in England only more bitter
+and vigilant in their opposition.
+
+The King of England, in the few intervals of intelligence he had,
+appeared much impressed by what the King had done.  He died about three
+o'clock in the afternoon of the 16th September of this year, 1701.
+He had requested that there might he no display at his funeral, and his
+wish was faithfully observed.  He was buried on the Saturday, at seven
+o'clock in the evening, in the church of the English Benedictines at
+Paris, Rue St. Jacques, without pomp, and attended by but few mourners.
+His body rests in the chapel, like that of the simplest private person,
+until the time, apparently very distant, when it shall be transported to
+England.  His heart is at the Filles de Sainte Marie, of Chaillot.
+
+Immediately afterwards, the Prince of Wales was received by the King as
+King of England, with all the formalities and state with which his father
+before him had been received.  Soon afterwards he was recognised by the
+new King of Spain.
+
+The Count of Manchester, English ambassador in France, ceased to appear
+at Versailles after this recognition of the Prince of Wales by the King,
+and immediately quitted his post and left the country without any leave-
+taking.  King William heard, while in Holland, of the death of James II.
+and of this recognition.  He was at table with some German princes and
+other lords when the news arrived; did not utter a word, except to
+announce the death; but blushed, pulled down his hat, and could not keep
+his countenance.  He sent orders to London, to drive out Poussin, acting
+as French ambassador, immediately; and Poussin directly crossed the sea
+and arrived at Calais.
+
+This event was itself followed by the signing of the great treaty of
+alliance, offensive and defensive, against France and Spain, by Austria,
+England, and Holland; in which they afterwards succeeded in engaging
+other powers, which compelled the King to increase the number of his
+troops.
+
+Just after the return of the Court from Fontainebleau, a strange scene
+happened at St. Maur, in a pretty house there which M. le Duc possessed.
+He was at this house one night with five or six intimate friends, whom he
+had invited to pass the night there.  One of these friends was the Comte
+de Fiesque.  At table, and before the wine had begun to circulate, a
+dispute upon some historical point arose between him and M. le Duc.  The
+Comte de Fiesque, who had some intellect and learning, strongly sustained
+his opinion.  M. le Duc sustained his; and for want of better reasons,
+threw a plate at the head of Fiesque, drove him from the table and out of
+the house.  So sudden and strange a scene frightened the guests.  The
+Comte de Fiesque, who had gone to M. le Duc's house with the intention of
+passing the night there, had not retained a carriage, went to ask shelter
+of the cure, and got back to Paris the next day as early in the morning
+as he could.  It may be imagined that the rest of the supper and of the
+evening was terribly dull.  M. le Duc remained fuming (perhaps against
+himself, but without saying so), and could not be induced to apologise
+for the affront.  It made a great stir in society, and things remained
+thus several months.  After a while, friends mixed themselves in the
+matter; M. le Duc, completely himself again, made all the advances
+towards a reconciliation.  The Comte de Fiesque received them, and the
+reconciliation took place.  The most surprising thing is, that after this
+they continued on as good terms as though nothing had passed between
+them.
+
+The year 1702 commenced with balls at Versailles, many of which were
+masquerades.  Madame du Maine gave several in her chamber, always keeping
+her bed because she was in the family-way; which made rather a singular
+spectacle.  There were several balls at Marly, but the majority were not
+masquerades.  The King often witnessed, but in strict privacy, and always
+in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, sacred dramas such as
+"Absalon," "Athalie," &c.  Madame la Duchesse de Bourgogne, M. le Duc
+d'Orleans, the Comte and Comtesse d'Anjou, the young Comte de Noailles,
+Mademoiselle de Melun, urged by the Noailles, played the principal
+characters in very magnificent stage dresses.  Baron, the excellent old
+actor, instructed them and played with them.  M. de Noailles and his
+clever wife were the inventors and promoters of these interior pleasures,
+for the purpose of intruding themselves more and more into the society of
+the King, in support of the alliance of Madame de Maintenon.
+
+Only forty spectators were admitted to the representations.  Madame was
+sometimes invited by the King, because she liked plays.  This favour was
+much sought after.  Madame de Maintenon wished to show that she had
+forgotten the past.
+
+Longepierre had written a very singular piece called "Electra," which was
+played on a magnificent stage erected in Madame de Conti's house, and all
+the Court flocked several times to see it.  This piece was without love,
+but full of other passions and of most interesting situations.  I think
+it had been written in the hopes that the King would go and see it.  But
+he contented himself with hearing it talked about, and the representation
+was confined to the Hotel de Conti.  Longepierre would not allow it to be
+given elsewhere.  He was an intriguing fellow of much wit, gentle,
+insinuating, and who, under a tranquillity and indifference and a very
+deceitful philosophy, thrust himself everywhere, and meddled with
+everything in order to make his fortune.  He succeeded in intruding
+himself into favour with the Duc d'Orleans, but behaved so badly that he
+was driven away.
+
+The death of the Abbe de Vatteville occurred at the commencement of this
+year, and made some noise, on account of the prodigies of the Abbe's
+life.  This Vatteville was the younger son of a Franche-Comte family;
+early in life he joined the Order of the Chartreux monks, and was
+ordained priest.  He had much intellect, but was of an impetuous spirit,
+and soon began to chafe under the yoke of a religious life.  He
+determined, therefore, to set himself free from it, and procured some
+secular habits, pistols, and a horse.  Just as he was about to escape
+over the walls of the monastery by means of a ladder, the prior entered
+his cell.
+
+Vatteville made no to-do, but at once drew a pistol, shot the prior dead,
+and effected his escape.
+
+Two or three days afterwards, travelling over the country and avoiding
+as much as possible the frequented places, he arrived at a wretched
+roadside inn, and asked what there was in the house.  The landlord
+replied--"A leg of mutton and a capon."--"Good!" replied our unfrocked
+monk; "put them down to roast."
+
+The landlord replied that they were too much for a single person, and
+that he had nothing else for the whole house.  The monk upon this flew
+into a passion, and declared that the least the landlord could do was to
+give him what he would pay for; and that he had sufficient appetite to
+eat both leg of mutton and capon.  They were accordingly put down to the
+fire, the landlord not daring to say another word.  While they were
+cooking, a traveller on horseback arrived at the inn, and learning that
+they were for one person, was much astonished.  He offered to pay his
+share to be allowed to dine off them with the stranger who had ordered
+this dinner; but the landlord told him he was afraid the gentleman would
+not consent to the arrangement.  Thereupon the traveller went upstairs,
+and civilly asked Vatteville if he might dine with him on paying half of
+the expense.  Vatteville would not consent, and a dispute soon arose
+between the two; to be brief, the monk served this traveller as he had
+served the prior, killed him with a pistol shot.  After this he went
+downstairs tranquilly, and in the midst of the fright of the landlord and
+of the whole house, had the leg of mutton and capon served up to him,
+picked both to the very bone, paid his score, remounted his horse, and
+went his way.
+
+Not knowing what course to take, he went to Turkey, and in order to
+succeed there, had himself circumcised, put on the turban, and entered
+into the militia.  His blasphemy advanced him, his talents and his colour
+distinguished him; he became Bacha, and the confidential man in the
+Morea, where the Turks were making war against the Venetians.  He
+determined to make use of this position in order to advance his own
+interests, and entering into communication with the generalissimo of the
+Republic, promised to betray into his hands several secret places
+belonging to the Turks, but on certain conditions.  These were,
+absolution from the Pope for all crimes of his life, his murders and his
+apostasy included; security against the Chartreux and against being
+placed in any other Order; full restitution of his civil rights, and
+liberty to exercise his profession of priest with the right of possessing
+all benefices of every kind.  The Venetians thought the bargain too good
+to be refused, and the Pope, in the interest of the Church, accorded all
+the demands of the Bacha.  When Vatteville was quite assured that his
+conditions would be complied with, he took his measures so well that he
+executed perfectly all he had undertaken.  Immediately after he threw
+himself into the Venetian army, and passed into Italy.  He was well
+received at Rome by the Pope, and returned to his family in Franche-
+Comte, and amused himself by braving the Chartreux.
+
+At the first conquest of the Franche-Comte, he intrigued so well with the
+Queen-mother and the ministry, that he was promised the Archbishopric of
+Besancon; but the Pope cried out against this on account of his murders,
+circumcision, and apostasy.  The King sided with the Pope, and Vatteville
+was obliged to be contented with the abbey of Baume, another good abbey
+in Picardy, and divers other advantages.
+
+Except when he came to the Court, where he was always received with great
+distinction, he remained at his abbey of Baume, living there like a grand
+seigneur, keeping a fine pack of hounds, a good table, entertaining
+jovial company, keeping mistresses very freely; tyrannising over his
+tenants and his neighbours in the most absolute manner.  The intendants
+gave way to him, and by express orders of the Court allowed him to act
+much as he pleased, even with the taxes, which he regulated at his will,
+and in his conduct was oftentimes very violent.  With these manners and
+this bearing, which caused him to be both feared and respected, he would
+often amuse himself by going to see the Chartreux, in order to plume
+himself on having quitted their frock.  He played much at hombre, and
+frequently gained 'codille' (a term of the game), so that the name of the
+Abbe Codille was given to him.  He lived in this manner always with the
+same licence and in the same consideration, until nearly ninety years of
+age.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+The changes which took place in the army after the Peace of Ryswick, were
+very great and very strange.  The excellence of the regiments, the merits
+of the officers, those who commanded, all were forgotten by Barbezieux,
+young and impetuous, whom the King allowed to act as he liked.  My
+regiment was disbanded, and my company was incorporated with that of
+Count d'Uzes, brother-in-law of Duras, who looked well after the
+interests of his relative.  I was thus deprived of command, without
+regiment, without company, and the only opportunity offered me was to
+serve in a regiment commanded by Saint Morris, where I should have been,
+as it were, at the lowest step of the ladder, with my whole military
+career to begin over again.
+
+I had served at the head of my regiment during four campaigns, with
+applause and reputation, I am bold enough to say it.  I thought therefore
+I was entitled to better treatment than this.  Promotions were made; five
+officers, all my juniors, were placed over my head.  I resolved then to
+leave the service, but not to take a rash step.  I consulted first with
+several friends before sending in my resignation.  All whom I consulted
+advised me to quit the service, but for a long time I could not resolve
+to do so.  Nearly three months passed, during which I suffered cruel
+anguish of mind from my irresolution.  I knew that if I left the army I
+should be certain to incur the anger of the King, and I do not hesitate
+to say that this was not a matter of indifference to me.  The King was
+always annoyed when anybody ceased to serve; he called it "quitting him;"
+and made his anger felt for a long time.  At last, however, I determined
+on my course of action.
+
+I wrote a short letter to the King, in which, without making any
+complaints, I said that as my health was not good (it had given me some
+trouble on different occasions) I begged to be allowed to quit his
+service, and said that I hoped I should be permitted to console myself
+for leaving the army by assiduously attending upon him at the Court:
+After despatching this letter I went away immediately to Paris.
+
+I learnt afterwards from my friends, that upon receiving my letter the
+King called Chamillart to him, and said with emotion: "Well!  Monsieur,
+here is another man who quits us!--" and he read my letter word for word.
+I did not learn that anything else escaped him.
+
+As for me, I did not return to Versailles for a whole week, or see the
+King again until Easter Monday.  After his supper that evening, and when
+about to undress himself, he paid me a distinction, a mere trifle I
+admit, and which I should be ashamed to mention if it did not under the
+circumstances serve as a characteristic of him.
+
+Although the place he undressed in was very well illuminated, the
+chaplain at the evening prayers there held in his hand a lighted candle,
+which he gave afterwards to the chief valet-de-chambre, who carried it
+before the King until he reached his arm-chair, and then handed it to
+whomever the King ordered him to give it to.  On this evening the King,
+glancing all around him, cast his eye upon me, and told the valet to give
+the candle to me.  It was an honour which he bestowed sometimes upon one,
+sometimes upon another, according to his whim, but which, by his manner
+of bestowing it, was always coveted, as a great distinction.  My surprise
+may be imagined when I heard myself named aloud for this office, not only
+on this but on many other occasions.  It was not that there was any lack
+of people of consideration to hold the candle; but the King was
+sufficiently piqued by my retirement not to wish everybody to see that
+he was so.
+
+For three years he failed not to make me feel to what extent he was angry
+with me.  He spoke to me no longer; he scarcely bestowed a glance upon
+me, and never once alluded to my letter.  To show that his annoyance did
+not extend to my wife, but that it was solely and wholly directed against
+me, he bestowed, about eight months after, several marks of favour upon
+Madame de Saint-Simon.  She was continually invited to the suppers at
+Trianon--an honour which had never before been granted her.  I only
+laughed at this.  Madame de Saint-Simon was not invited to Marly; because
+the husbands always, by right, accompanied their wives there, apartments
+being given for both.  At Trianon it was different.  Nobody was allowed
+to sleep there except those absolutely in attendance.  The King wished,
+therefore, the better to mark by this distinction that the exclusion was
+intended for me alone, and that my wife had no part in it.
+
+Notwithstanding this; I persevered in my ordinary assiduity, without ever
+asking to be invited to Marly, and lived agreeably with my wife and my
+friends.  I have thought it best to finish with this subject at once--now
+I must go back to my starting point.
+
+At the commencement of this year (1702) it seemed as though the
+flatterers of the King foresaw that the prosperity of his reign was at
+an end, and that henceforth they would only have to praise him for his
+constancy.  The great number of medals that had been struck on all
+occasions--the most ordinary not having been forgotten--were collected,
+engraved, and destined for a medallic history.  The Abbes Tallemant,
+Toureil, and Dacier, three learned members of the Academy, were charged
+with the explanation to be placed opposite each of these medals, in a
+large volume of the most magnificent impression of the Louvre.  As the
+history commenced at the death of Louis XIII., his medal was placed at
+the head of the book, and thus it became necessary to say something of
+him in the preface.
+
+As it was known that I had a correct knowledge of Louis XIII., I was
+asked to write that portion of the preface which related to him.  I
+consented to this, but on condition that I should be spared the ridicule
+of it in society, and that the matter should be faithfully kept secret.
+I wrote my theme then, which cost me little more than a morning, being of
+small extent.  I had the fate of authors: my writing was praised, and
+appeared to answer all expectations.  I congratulated myself, delighted
+at having devoted two or three hours to a grateful duty--for so I
+considered it.
+
+But when my essay was examined, the three gentlemen above-named were
+affrighted.  There are truths the unstudied simplicity of which emits a
+lustre which obscures all the results of an eloquence which exaggerates
+or extenuates; Louis XIII. furnished such proofs in abundance.  I had
+contented myself by showing them forth; but this picture tarnished those
+which followed--so at least it appeared to those who had gilded the
+latter.  They applied themselves, therefore, to cut out, or weaken,
+everything that might, by comparison, obscure their hero.  But as they
+found at last that it was not me they had to correct, but the thing
+itself, they gave up the task altogether, threw aside my writing, and
+printed the history without any notice whatever of Louis XIII. under his
+portrait--except to note that his death caused his son to ascend the
+throne.
+
+Reflections upon this kind of iniquity would carry me too far.
+
+In the early part of this year (1702), King William (of England), worn
+out before his time with labours and business, in which he had been
+engaged all his life, and which he had carried on with a capacity, an
+address, a superiority of genius that acquired for him supreme authority
+in Holland, the crown of England, the confidence, and, to speak the
+truth, the complete dictatorship of all Europe--except France;--King
+William, I say, had fallen into a wasting of strength and of health
+which, without attacking or diminishing his intellect, or causing him to
+relax the infinite labours of his cabinet, was accompanied by a
+deficiency of breath, which aggravated the asthma he had had for several
+years.  He felt his condition, and his powerful genius did not disavow
+it.  Under forged names he consulted the most eminent physicians of
+Europe, among others, Fagon; who, having to do, as he thought, with a
+cure, replied in all sincerity, and with out dissimulation, that he must
+prepare for a speedy death.  His illness increasing, William consulted
+Fagon, anew, but this time openly.  The physician recognised the malady
+of the cure--he did not change his opinion, but expressed it in a less
+decided manner, and prescribed with much feeling the remedies most likely
+if not to cure, at least to prolong.  These remedies were followed and
+gave relief; but at last the time had arrived when William was to feel
+that the greatest men finish like the humblest and to see the nothingness
+of what the world calls great destinies.
+
+He rode out as often as he could; but no longer having the strength to
+hold himself on horseback, received a fall, which hastened his end by the
+shock it gave him.  He occupied himself with religion as little as he had
+all his life.  He ordered everything, and spoke to his ministers and his
+familiars with a surprising tranquillity, which did not abandon him until
+the last moment.  Although crushed with pain, he had the satisfaction of
+thinking that he had consummated a great alliance, which would last after
+his death, and that it would strike the great blow against France, which
+he had projected.  This thought, which flattered him even in the hour of
+death, stood in place of all other consolation,--a consolation frivolous
+and cruelly deceitful, which left him soon the prey to eternal truths!
+For two days he was sustained by strong waters and spirituous liquors.
+His last nourishment was a cup of chocolate.  He died the 19th March,
+1702, at ten o'clock in the morning.
+
+The Princess Anne, his sister-in-law, wife of Prince George of Denmark,
+was at the same time proclaimed queen.  A few days after, she declared
+her husband Grand Admiral and Commander-in-Chief (generalissimo),
+recalled the Earl of Rochester, her maternal uncle, and the Earl of
+Sunderland, and sent the Count of Marlborough, afterwards so well known,
+to Holland to follow out there all the plans of his predecessor.
+
+The King did not learn this death until the Saturday morning following,
+by a courier from Calais.  A boat had escaped, in spite of the vigilance
+which had closed the ports.  The King was silent upon the news, except to
+Monseigneur and to Madame de Maintenon.  On the next day confirmation of
+the intelligence arrived from all parts.  The King no longer made a
+secret of it, but spoke little on the subject, and affected much
+indifference respecting it.  With the recollection of all the indecent
+follies committed in Paris during the last war, when it was believed that
+William had been killed at the battle of the Boyne in Ireland, the
+necessary precautions against falling into the same error were taken by
+the King's orders.
+
+The King simply declared that he would not wear mourning, and prohibited
+the Duc de Bouillon, the Marechal de Duras and the Marechal de Lorges,
+who were all related to William, from doing so--an act probably without
+example.  Nearly all England and the United Provinces mourned the loss of
+William.  Some good republicans alone breathed again with joy in secret,
+at having recovered their liberty.  The grand alliance was very sensibly
+touched by this loss, but found itself so well cemented, that the spirit
+of William continued to animate it; and Heinsius, his confidant,
+perpetuated it, and inspired all the chiefs of the republic, their allies
+and their generals, with it, so that it scarcely appeared that William
+was no more.
+
+I have related, in its proper place, all that happened to Catinat in
+Italy, when the schemes of Tesse and M. de Vaudemont caused him to be
+dismissed from the command of the army.  After the signing of the
+alliance against France by the Emperor, England, and Holland, the war
+took a more extended field.  It became necessary to send an army to the
+Rhine.  There was nothing for it but to have recourse to Catinat.
+
+Since his return from Italy, he had almost always lived at his little
+house of Saint Gratien, beyond Saint Denis, where he bore with wisdom the
+injury that had been done him and the neglect he had experienced upon his
+return, surrounded by his family and a small number of friends.
+Chamillart one day sent for him, saying that he had the King's order to
+talk with him.  Catinat went accordingly to Chamillart, from whom he
+learned that he was destined for the Rhine; he refused the command, and
+only accepted it after a long dispute, by the necessity of obedience.
+
+On the morrow, the 11th of March, the King called Catinat into his
+cabinet.  The conversation was amiable on the part of the King, serious
+and respectful on the part of Catinat.  The King, who perceived this,
+wished to make him speak about Italy, and pressed him to explain what had
+really passed there.  Catinat excused himself, saying that everything
+belonged to the past, and that it was useless now to rake up matters
+which would give him a bad opinion of the people who served him, and
+nourish eternal enmity.  The King admired the sagacity and virtue of
+Catinat, but, wishing to sound the depths of certain things, and discover
+who was really to blame, pressed him more and more to speak out;
+mentioning certain things which Catinat had not rendered an account of,
+and others he had been silent upon, all of which had come to him from
+other sources.
+
+Catinat, who, by his conversation of the previous evening with
+Chamillart, suspected that the King would say something to him, had
+brought his papers to Versailles.  Sure of his position, he declared that
+he had not in any way failed to render account to Chamillart or to the
+King, and detailed the very things that had just been mentioned to him.
+He begged that a messenger might be despatched in order to search his
+cassette, in which the proofs of what he had advanced could be seen,
+truths that Chamillart, if present, he said, would not dare to disavow.
+The King took him at his word, and sent in search of Chamillart.
+
+When he arrived, the King related to him the conversation that had just
+taken place.  Chamillart replied with an embarrassed voice, that there
+was no necessity to wait for the cassette of Catinat, for he admitted
+that the accusation against him was true in every respect.  The King,
+much astonished, reproved him for his infidelity in keeping silence upon
+these comments, whereby Catinat had lost his favour.
+
+Chamillart, his eyes lowered, allowed the King to say on; but as he felt
+that his anger was rising; said.  "Sire, you are right; but it is not my
+fault."
+
+"And whose is it, then?" replied the King warmly.  "Is it mine?"
+
+"Certainly not, Sire," said Chamillart, trembling; "but I am bold enough
+to tell you, with the most exact truth, that it is not mine."
+
+The King insisting, Chamillart was obliged to explain, that having shown
+the letters of Catinat to Madame de Maintenon, she had commanded him to
+keep them from his Majesty, and to say not a syllable about them.
+Chamillart added, that Madame de Maintenon was not far off, and
+supplicated the King to ask her the truth of this matter.
+
+In his turn, the King was now more embarrassed than Chamillart; lowering
+his voice, he said that it was inconceivable how Madame de Maintenon felt
+interested in his comfort, and endeavoured to keep from him everything
+that might vex him, and without showing any more displeasure, turned to
+Marshal Catinat, said he was delighted with an explanation which showed
+that nobody was wrong; addressed several gracious remarks to the Marshal;
+begged him to remain on good terms with Chamillart, and hastened to quit
+them and enter into his private cabinet.
+
+Catinat, more ashamed of what he had just heard and seen than pleased
+with a justification so complete, paid some compliments to Chamillart,
+who, out of his wits at the perilous explanation he had given, received
+them, and returned them as well as he could.  They left the cabinet soon
+after, and the selection of Catinat by the King for the command of the
+army of the Rhine was declared.
+
+Reflections upon this affair present themselves of their, own accord.
+The King verified what had been said that very evening with Madame de
+Maintenon.  They were only on better terms than ever in consequence.  She
+approved of Chamillart for avowing all; and this minister was only the
+better treated afterwards by the King and by Madame de Maintenon.
+
+As for Catinat, he took the command he had been called to, but did not
+remain long in it.  The explanations that had passed, all the more
+dangerous because in his favour, were not of a kind to prove otherwise
+than hurtful to him.  He soon resigned his command, finding himself too
+much obstructed to do anything, and retired to his house of Saint
+Gratien, near Saint Denis, which he scarcely ever left, and where he saw
+only a few private friends, sorry that he had ever left it, and that he
+had listened to the cajoleries of the King.
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+A King's son, a King's father, and never a King
+Capacity was small, and yet he believed he knew everything
+He was accused of putting on an imperceptible touch of rouge
+Monseigneur, who had been out wolf-hunting
+Never been able to bend her to a more human way of life
+Spoke only about as much as three or four women
+Supported by unanswerable reasons that did not convince
+The most horrible sights have often ridiculous contrasts
+The nothingness of what the world calls great destinies
+Whatever course I adopt many people will condemn me
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Memoirs of Louis XIV., Volume 3
+by Duc de Saint-Simon
+
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+This etext was produced by David Widger  <widger@cecomet.net>
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+[NOTE: There is a short list of bookmarks, or pointers, at the end of the
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+
+
+
+          MEMOIRS OF LOUIS XIV AND HIS COURT AND OF THE REGENCY
+
+                        BY THE DUKE OF SAINT-SIMON
+
+
+                                VOLUME 3.
+
+CHAPTER XVIII
+
+Settlement of the Spanish Succession.--King William III.--New Party in
+Spain.--Their Attack on the Queen.--Perplexity of the King.--His Will.--
+Scene at the Palace.--News Sent to France.--Council at Madame de
+Maintenon's.--The King's Decision.--A Public Declaration.--Treatment of
+the New King.--His Departure for Spain.--Reflections.--Philip V. Arrives
+in Spain.--The Queen Dowager Banished.
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+Marriage of Phillip V.--The Queen's Journey.--Rival Dishes.--
+A Delicate Quarrel.--The King's journey to Italy.--The Intrigues against
+Catinat.--Vaudemont s Success.--Appointment of Villeroy.--The First
+Campaign.--A Snuffbox.--Prince Eugene's Plan.--Attack and Defence of
+Cremona.--Villeroy Made Prisoner.--Appointment of M. de Vendome.
+
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+Discontent and Death of Barbezieux.--His Character.--Elevation of
+Chamillart.--Strange Reasons of His Success.--Death of Rose.--Anecdotes.
+--An Invasion of Foxes.--M. le Prince.--A Horse upon Roses.--Marriage of
+His Daughter: His Manners and Appearance
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+Monseigneur's Indigestion.--The King Disturbed.--The Ladies of the
+Halle.--Quarrel of the King and His Brother.--Mutual Reproaches.--
+Monsieur's Confessors.--A New Scene of Wrangling.--Monsieur at Table.--
+He Is Seized with Apoplexy.--The News Carried to Marly.--How Received by
+the King.--Death of Monsieur.--Various Forms of Grief.--The Duc de
+Chartres.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+The Dead Soon Forgotten.--Feelings of Madame de Maintenon.--And of the
+Duc de Chartres.--Of the Courtiers.--Madame's Mode of Life.--Character of
+Monsieur.--Anecdote of M. le Prince.--Strange Interview of Madame de
+Maintenon with Madame.--Mourning at Court.--Death of Henriette
+d'Angleterre.--A Poisoning Scene.--The King and the Accomplice.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+Scandalous Adventure of the Abbesse de la Joye.--Anecdote of Madame de
+Saint-Herem.--Death of James II. and Recognition of His Son.--Alliance
+against France.--Scene at St. Maur.--Balls and Plays.--The "Electra" of
+Longepierre--Romantic Adventures of the Abbe de Vatterville.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+Changes in the Army.--I Leave the Service.--Annoyance of the King.--The
+Medallic History of the Reign.--Louis XIII.--Death of William III.--
+Accession of Queen Anne.--The Alliance Continued.--Anecdotes of Catinat.
+--Madame de Maintenon and the King.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII
+
+For the last two or three years the King of Spain had been in very weak
+health, and in danger of his life several times.  He had no children, and
+no hope of having any.  The question, therefore, of the succession to his
+vast empire began now to agitate every European Court.  The King of
+England (William III.), who since his usurpation had much augmented his
+credit by the grand alliance he had formed against France, and of which
+he had been the soul and the chief up to the Peace of Ryswick, undertook
+to arrange this question in a manner that should prevent war when the
+King of Spain died.  His plan was to give Spain, the Indies, the Low
+Countries, and the title of King of Spain to the Archduke, second son of
+the Emperor; Guipuscoa, Naples, Sicily, and Lorraine to France; and the
+Milanese to M. de Lorraine, as compensation for taking away from him his
+territory.
+
+The King of England made this proposition first of all to our King; who,
+tired of war, and anxious for repose, as was natural at his age, made few
+difficulties, and soon accepted.  M. de Lorraine was not in a position to
+refuse his consent to a change recommended by England, France, and
+Holland.  Thus much being settled, the Emperor was next applied to.  But
+he was not so easy to persuade: he wished to inherit the entire
+succession, and would not brook the idea of seeing the House of Austria
+driven from Italy, as it would have been if the King of England's
+proposal had been carried out.  He therefore declared it was altogether
+unheard of and unnatural to divide a succession under such circumstances,
+and that he would hear nothing upon the subject until after the death of
+the King of Spain.  The resistance he made caused the whole scheme to
+come to the ears of the King of Spain, instead of remaining a secret, as
+was intended.
+
+The King of Spain made a great stir in consequence of what had taken
+place, as though the project had been formed to strip him, during his
+lifetime, of his realm.  His ambassador in England spoke so insolently
+that he was ordered to leave the country by William, and retired to
+Flanders.  The Emperor, who did not wish to quarrel with England,
+intervened at this point, and brought about a reconciliation between the
+two powers.  The Spanish ambassador returned to London.
+
+The Emperor next endeavoured to strengthen his party in Spain.  The
+reigning Queen was his sister-in-law and was all-powerful.  Such of the
+nobility and of the ministers who would not bend before her she caused to
+be dismissed; and none were favoured by her who were not partisans of the
+House of Austria.  The Emperor had, therefore, a powerful ally at the
+Court of Madrid to aid him in carrying out his plans; and the King was so
+much in his favour, that he had made a will bequeathing his succession to
+the Archduke.  Everything therefore seemed to promise success to the
+Emperor.
+
+But just at this time, a small party arose in Spain, equally opposed to
+the Emperor, and to the propositions of the King of England.  This party
+consisted at first of only five persons: namely, Villafranca, Medina-
+Sidonia, Villagarcias, Villena, and San Estevan, all of them nobles, and
+well instructed in the affairs of government.  Their wish was to prevent
+the dismemberment of the Spanish kingdom by conferring the whole
+succession upon the son of the only son of the Queen of France, Maria
+Theresa, sister of the King of Spain.  There were, however, two great
+obstacles in their path.  Maria Theresa, upon her marriage with our King,
+had solemnly renounced all claim to the Spanish throne, and these
+renunciations had been repeated at the Peace of the Pyrenees.  The other
+obstacle was the affection the King of Spain bore to the House of
+Austria,--an affection which naturally would render him opposed to any
+project by which a rival house would be aggrandised at its expense.
+
+As to the first obstacle, these politicians were of opinion that the
+renunciations made by Maria Theresa held good only as far as they applied
+to the object for which they were made.  That object was to prevent the
+crowns of France and Spain from being united upon one head, as might have
+happened in the person of the Dauphin.  But now that the Dauphin had
+three sons, the second of whom could be called to the throne of Spain,
+the renunciations of the Queen became of no import.  As to the second
+obstacle, it was only to be removed by great perseverance and exertions;
+but they determined to leave no stone unturned to achieve their ends.
+
+One of the first resolutions of this little party was to bind one another
+to secrecy.  Their next was to admit into their confidence Cardinal
+Portocarrero, a determined enemy to the Queen.  Then they commenced an
+attack upon the Queen in the council; and being supported by the popular
+voice, succeeded in driving out of the country Madame Berlips, a German
+favourite of hers, who was much hated on account of the undue influence
+she exerted, and the rapacity she displayed.  The next measure was of
+equal importance.  Madrid and its environs groaned under the weight of
+a regiment of Germans commanded by the Prince of Darmstadt.  The council
+decreed that this regiment should be disbanded, and the Prince thanked
+for his assistance.  These two blows following upon each other so
+closely, frightened the Queen, isolated her, and put it out of her power
+to act during the rest of the life of the King.
+
+There was yet one of the preliminary steps to take, without which it was
+thought that success would not be certain.  This was to dismiss the
+King's Confessor, who had been given to him by the Queen, and who was a
+zealous Austrian.
+
+Cardinal Portocarrero was charged with this duty, and he succeeded so
+well, that two birds were killed with one stone.  The Confessor was
+dismissed, and another was put in his place, who could be relied upon to
+do and say exactly as he was requested.  Thus, the King of Spain was
+influenced in his conscience, which had over him so much the more power,
+because he was beginning to look upon the things of this world by the
+glare of that terrible flambeau that is lighted for the dying.  The
+Confessor and the Cardinal, after a short time, began unceasingly to
+attack the King upon the subject of the succession.  The King, enfeebled
+by illness, and by a lifetime of weak health, had little power of
+resistance.  Pressed by the many temporal, and affrighted by the many
+spiritual reasons which were brought forward by the two ecclesiastics,
+with no friend near whose opinion he could consult, no Austrian at hand
+to confer with, and no Spaniard who was not opposed to Austria;--the King
+fell into a profound perplexity, and in this strait, proposed to consult
+the Pope, as an authority whose decision would be infallible.  The
+Cardinal, who felt persuaded that the Pope was sufficiently enlightened
+and sufficiently impartial to declare in favour of France, assented to
+this step; and the King of Spain accordingly wrote a long letter to Rome,
+feeling much relieved by the course he had adopted.
+
+The Pope replied at once and in the most decided manner.  He said he saw
+clearly that the children of the Dauphin were the next heirs to the
+Spanish throne, and that the House of Austria had not the smallest right
+to it.  He recommended therefore the King of Spain to render justice to
+whom justice was due, and to assign the succession of his monarchy to a
+son of France.  This reply, and the letter which had given rise to it,
+were kept so profoundly secret that they were not known in Spain until
+after the King's death.
+
+Directly the Pope's answer had been received the King was pressed to make
+a fresh will, and to destroy that which he had previously made in favour
+of the Archduke.  The new will accordingly was at once drawn up and
+signed; and the old one burned in the presence, of several witnesses.
+Matters having arrived at this point, it was thought opportune to admit
+others to the knowledge of what had taken place.  The council of state,
+consisting of eight members, four of whom were already in the secret, was
+made acquainted with the movements of the new party; and, after a little
+hesitation, were gained over.
+
+The King, meantime, was drawing near to his end.  A few days after he had
+signed the new will he was at the last extremity, and in a few days more
+he died.  In his last moments the Queen had been kept from him as much as
+possible, and was unable in any way to interfere with the plans that had
+been so deeply laid.  As soon as the King was dead the first thing to be
+done was to open his will.  The council of state assembled for that
+purpose, and all the grandees of Spain who were in the capital took part
+in it, The singularity and the importance of such an event, interesting
+many millions of men, drew all Madrid to the palace, and the rooms
+adjoining that in which the council assembled were filled to suffocation.
+All the foreign ministers besieged the door.  Every one sought to be the
+first to know the choice of the King who had just died, in order to be
+the first to inform his court.  Blecourt, our ambassador, was there with
+the others, without knowing more than they; and Count d'Harrach,
+ambassador from the Emperor, who counted upon the will in favour of the
+Archduke, was there also, with a triumphant look, just opposite the door,
+and close by it.
+
+At last the door opened, and immediately closed again.  The Duc
+d'Abrantes, a man of much wit and humour, but not to be trifled with,
+came out.  He wished to have the pleasure of announcing upon whom the
+successorship had fallen, and was surrounded as soon as he appeared.
+Keeping silence, and turning his eyes on all sides, he fixed them for a
+moment on Blecourt, then looked in another direction, as if seeking some
+one else.  Blecourt interpreted this action as a bad omen.  The Duc
+d'Abrantes feigning at last to discover the Count d'Harrach, assumed a
+gratified look, flew to him, embraced him, and said aloud in Spanish,
+"Sir, it is with much pleasure;" then pausing, as though to embrace him
+better, he added: "Yes, sir, it is with an extreme joy that for all my
+life," here the embraces were redoubled as an excuse for a second pause,
+after which he went on--"and with the greatest contentment that I part
+from you, and take leave of the very august House of Austria."  So saying
+he clove the crowd, and every one ran after him to know the name of the
+real heir.
+
+The astonishment and indignation of Count d'Harrach disabled him from
+speaking, but showed themselves upon his face in all their extent.  He
+remained motionless some moments, and then went away in the greatest
+confusion at the manner in which he had been duped.
+
+Blecourt, on the other hand, ran home without asking other information,
+and at once despatched to the King a courier, who fell ill at Bayonne,
+and was replaced by one named by Harcourt, then at Bayonne getting ready
+for the occupation of Guipuscoa.  The news arrived at Court
+(Fontainebleau) in the month of November.  The King was going out
+shooting that day; but, upon learning what had taken place, at once
+countermanded the sport, announced the death of the King of Spain, and at
+three o'clock held a council of the ministers in the apartments of Madame
+de Maintenon.  This council lasted until past seven o'clock in the
+evening.  Monseigneur, who had been out wolf-hunting, returned in time to
+attend it.  On the next morning, Wednesday, another council was held, and
+in the evening a third, in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon.
+However accustomed persons were at the Court to the favour Madame de
+Maintenon enjoyed there, they were extremely surprised to see two
+councils assembled in her rooms for the greatest and most important
+deliberation that had taken place during this long reign, or indeed
+during many others.
+
+The King, Monseigneur, the Chancellor, the Duc de Brinvilliers, Torcy,
+and Madame de Maintenon, were the only persons who deliberated upon this
+affair.  Madame de Maintenon preserved at first a modest silence; but the
+King forced her to give her opinion after everybody had spoken except
+herself.  The council was divided.  Two were for keeping to the treaty
+that had been signed with King William, two for accepting the will.
+Monseigneur, drowned as he was in fat and sloth, appeared in quite
+another character from his usual ones at these councils.  To the great
+surprise of the King and his assistants, when it was his turn to speak he
+expressed himself with force in favour of accepting the testament.  Then,
+turning towards the King in a respectful but firm manner, he said that he
+took the liberty of asking for his inheritance, that the monarchy of
+Spain belonged to the Queen his mother, and consequently to him; that he
+surrendered it willingly to his second son for the tranquillity of
+Europe; but that to none other would he yield an inch of ground.  These
+words, spoken with an inflamed countenance, caused excessive surprise,
+The King listened very attentively, and then said to Madame de Maintenon,
+"And you, Madame, what do you think upon all this?"  She began by
+affecting modesty; but pressed, and even commanded to speak, she
+expressed herself with becoming confusion; briefly sang the praises of
+Monseigneur, whom she feared and liked but little--sentiments perfectly
+reciprocated--and at last was for accepting the will.
+
+The King did not yet declare himself.  He said that the affair might well
+be allowed to sleep for four-and-twenty hours, in order that they might
+ascertain if the Spaniards approved the choice of their King.  He
+dismissed the council, but ordered it to meet again the next evening at
+the same hour and place.  Next day, several couriers arrived from Spain,
+and the news they brought left no doubt upon the King's mind as to the
+wishes of the Spanish nobles and people upon the subject of the will.
+When therefore the council reassembled in the apartments of Madame de
+Maintenon, the King, after fully discussing the matter, resolved to
+accept the will.
+
+At the first receipt of the news the King and his ministers had been
+overwhelmed with a surprise that they could not recover from for several
+days.  When the news was spread abroad, the Court was equally surprised.
+The foreign ministers passed whole nights deliberating upon the course
+the King would adopt.  Nothing else was spoken of but this matter.  The
+King one evening, to divert himself, asked the princesses their opinion.
+They replied that he should send M. le Duc d'Anjou (the second son of
+Monseigneur), into Spain, and that this was the general sentiment.
+"I am sure," replied the King, "that whatever course I adopt many people
+will condemn me."
+
+At last, on Tuesday, the 16th of November, the King publicly declared
+himself.  The Spanish ambassador had received intelligence which proved
+the eagerness of Spain to welcome the Duc d'Anjou as its King.  There
+seemed to be no doubt of the matter.  The King, immediately after getting
+up, called the ambassador into his cabinet, where M. le Duc d'Anjou had
+already arrived.  Then, pointing to the Duke, he told the ambassador he
+might salute him as King of Spain.  The ambassador threw himself upon his
+knees after the fashion of his country, and addressed to the Duke a
+tolerably long compliment in the Spanish language.  Immediately
+afterwards, the King, contrary to all custom, opened the two folding
+doors of his cabinet, and commanded everybody to enter.  It was a very
+full Court that day.  The King, majestically turning his eyes towards the
+numerous company, and showing them M. le Duc d'Anjou said--"Gentlemen,
+behold the King of Spain.  His birth called him to that crown: the late
+King also has called him to it by his will; the whole nation wished for
+him, and has asked me for him eagerly; it is the will of heaven: I have
+obeyed it with pleasure."  And then, turning towards his grandson, he
+said, "Be a good Spaniard, that is your first duty; but remember that you
+are a Frenchman born, in order that the union between the two nations may
+be preserved; it will be the means of rendering both happy, and of
+preserving the peace of Europe."  Pointing afterwards with his finger to
+the Duc d'Anjou, to indicate him to the ambassador, the King added, "If
+he follows my counsels you will be a grandee, and soon; he cannot do
+better than follow your advice."
+
+When the hubbub of the courtiers had subsided, the two other sons of
+France, brothers of M. d'Anjou, arrived, and all three embraced one
+another tenderly several times, with tears in their eyes.  The ambassador
+of the Emperor immediately entered, little suspecting what had taken
+place, and was confounded when he learned the news.  The King afterwards
+went to mass, during which at his right hand was the new King of Spain,
+who during the rest of his stay in France, was publicly treated in every
+respect as a sovereign, by the King and all the Court.
+
+The joy of Monseigneur at all this was very great.  He seemed beside
+himself, and continually repeated that no man had ever found himself in a
+condition to say as he could, "The King my father, and the King my son."
+If he had known the prophecy which from his birth had been said of him,
+"A King's son, a King's father, and never a King," which everybody had
+heard repeated a thousand times, I think he would not have so much
+rejoiced, however vain may be such prophecies.  The King himself was so
+overcome, that at supper he turned to the Spanish ambassador and said
+that the whole affair seemed to him like a dream.  In public, as I have
+observed, the new King of Spain was treated in every respect as a
+sovereign, but in private he was still the Duc d'Anjou.  He passed his
+evenings in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, where he played at all
+sorts of children's games, scampering to and fro with Messeigneurs his
+brothers, with Madame la Duchesse de Bourgogne, and with the few ladies
+to whom access was permitted.
+
+On Friday, the 19th of November, the new King of Spain put on mourning.
+Two days after, the King did the same.  On Monday, the 22nd, letters were
+received from the Elector of Bavaria, stating that the King of Spain had
+been proclaimed at Brussels with much rejoicing and illuminations.  On
+Sunday, the 28th, M. Vaudemont, governor of the Milanese, sent word that
+he had been proclaimed in that territory, and with the same
+demonstrations of joy as at Brussels.
+
+On Saturday, the 4th of December, the King of Spain set out for his
+dominions.  The King rode with him in his coach as far as Sceaux,
+surrounded in pomp by many more guards than usual, gendarmes and light
+horse, all the road covered with coaches and people; and Sceaux, where
+they arrived a little after midday, full of ladies and courtiers, guarded
+by two companies of Musketeers.  There was a good deal of leave-taking,
+and all the family was collected alone in the last room of the apartment;
+but as the doors were left open, the tears they shed so bitterly could be
+seen.  In presenting the King of Spain to the Princes of the blood, the
+King said--"Behold the Princes of my blood and of yours; the two nations
+from this time ought to regard themselves as one nation; they ought to
+have the same interests; therefore I wish these Princes to be attached to
+you as to me; you cannot have friends more faithful or more certain."
+All this lasted a good hour and a half.  But the time of separation at
+last came.  The King conducted the King of Spain to the end of the
+apartment, and embraced him several times, holding him a long while in.
+his arms.  Monseigneur did the same.  The spectacle was extremely
+touching.
+
+The King returned into the palace for some time, in order to recover
+himself.  Monseigneur got into a caleche alone, and went to Meudon; and
+the King of Spain, with his brother, M. de Noailles, and a large number
+of courtiers, set out on his journey.  The King gave to his grandson
+twenty-one purses of a thousand louis each, for pocket-money, and much
+money besides for presents.  Let us leave them on their journey, and
+admire the Providence which sports with the thoughts of men and disposes
+of states.  What would have said Ferdinand and Isabella, Charles V.  and
+Philip II., who so many times attempted to conquer France, and who have
+been so frequently accused of aspiring to universal monarchy, and Philip
+IV., even, with all his precautions at the marriage of the King and at
+the Peace of the Pyrenees,--what would they have said, to see a son of
+France become King of Spain, by the will and testament of the last of
+their blood in Spain, and by the universal wish of all the Spaniards--
+without plot, without intrigue, without a shot being fired on our part,
+and without the sanction of our King, nay even to his extreme surprise
+and that of all his ministers, who had only the trouble of making up
+their minds and of accepting?  What great and wise reflections might be
+made thereon!  But they would be out of place in these Memoirs.
+
+The King of Spain arrived in Madrid on the 19th February.  From his first
+entrance into the country he had everywhere been most warmly welcomed.
+Acclamations were uttered when he appeared; fetes and bull-fights were
+given in his honour; the nobles and ladies pressed around him.  He had
+been proclaimed in Madrid some time before, in the midst of
+demonstrations of joy.  Now that he had arrived among his subjects there,
+that joy burst out anew.  There was such a crowd in the streets that
+sixty people were stifled!  All along the line of route were an infinity
+of coaches filled with ladies richly decked.  The streets through which
+he passed were hung in the Spanish fashion; stands were placed, adorned
+with fine pictures and a vast number of silver vessels; triumphal arches
+were built from side to side.  It is impossible to conceive a greater or
+more general demonstration of joy.  The Buen-Retiro, where the new King
+took up his quarters, was filled with the Court and the nobility.  The
+junta and a number of great men received him at the door, and the
+Cardinal Portocarrero, who was there, threw himself on his knees, and
+wished to kiss the King's hand.  But the King would not permit this;
+raised the Cardinal, embraced him, and treated him as his father.  The
+Cardinal wept with joy, and could not take his eyes off the King.  He was
+just then in the flower of his first youth--fair like the late King
+Charles, and the Queen his grandmother; grave, silent, measured, self-
+contained, formed exactly to live among Spaniards.  With all this, very
+attentive in his demeanour, and paying everybody the attention due to
+him, having taken lessons from d'Harcourt on the way.  Indeed he took off
+his hat or raised it to nearly everybody, so that the Spaniards spoke on
+the subject to the Duc d'Harcourt, who replied to them that the King in
+all essential things would conform himself to usage, but that in others
+he must be allowed to act according to French politeness.  It cannot be
+imagined how much these trifling external attentions attached all hearts
+to this Prince.
+
+He was, indeed, completely triumphant in Spain, and the Austrian party as
+completely routed.  The Queen of Spain was sent away from Madrid, and
+banished to Toledo, where she remained with but a small suite, and still
+less consideration.  Each day the nobles, the citizens, and the people
+had given fresh proof of their hatred against the Germans and against the
+Queen.  She had been almost entirely abandoned, and was refused the most
+ordinary necessaries of her state.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+Shortly after his arrival in Madrid, the new King of Spain began to look
+about him for a wife, and his marriage with the second daughter of M. de
+Savoie (younger sister of Madame de Bourgogne) was decided upon as an
+alliance of much honour and importance to M. de Savoie, and, by binding
+him to her interest, of much utility to France.  An extraordinary
+ambassador (Homodei, brother of the Cardinal of that name) was sent to
+Turin to sign the contract of marriage, and bring back the new Queen into
+Spain.  He was also appointed her Ecuyer, and the Princesse des Ursins
+was selected as her 'Camarera Mayor', a very important office.  The
+Princesse des Ursins seemed just adapted for it.  A Spanish lady could
+not have been relied upon: a lady of our court would not have been fit
+for the post.  The Princesse des Ursins was, as it were, both French and
+Spanish--French by birth, Spanish by marriage.  She had passed the
+greater part of her life in Rome and Italy, and was a widow without
+children.  I shall have more hereafter to say of this celebrated woman,
+who so long and so publicly governed the Court and Crown of Spain, and
+who has made so much stir in the world by her reign and by her fall; at
+present let me finish with the new Queen of Spain.
+
+She was married, then, at Turin, on the 11th of September, with but
+little display, the King being represented by procuration, and set out on
+the 13th for Nice, where she was to embark on board the Spanish galleys
+for Barcelona.  The King of Spain, meanwhile, after hearing news that he
+had been proclaimed with much unanimity and rejoicing in Peru and Mexico,
+left Madrid on the 5th of September, to journey through Aragon and
+Catalonia to Barcelona to meet his wife.  He was much welcomed on his
+route, above all by Saragossa, which received him magnificently.
+
+The new Queen of Spain, brought by the French galleys to Nice, was so
+fatigued with the sea when she arrived there, that she determined to
+finish the rest of the journey by land, through Provence and Languedoc.
+Her graces, her presence of mind, the aptness and the politeness of her
+short replies, and her judicious curiosity, remarkable at her age,
+surprised everybody, and gave great hopes to the Princesse des Ursins.
+
+When within two days' journey of Barcelona, the Queen was met by a
+messenger, bearing presents and compliments from the King.  All her
+household joined her at the same time, being sent on in advance for that
+purpose, and her Piedmontese attendants were dismissed.  She appeared
+more affected by this separation than Madame de Bourgogne had been when
+parting from her attendants.  She wept bitterly, and seemed quite lost in
+the midst of so many new faces, the most familiar of which (that of
+Madame des Ursins) was quite fresh to her.  Upon arriving at Figueras,
+the King, impatient to see her, went on before on horseback.  In this
+first embarrassment Madame des Ursins, although completely unknown to the
+King, and but little known to the Queen, was of great service to both.
+
+Upon arriving at Figueras, the bishop diocesan married them anew, with
+little ceremony, and soon after they sat down to supper, waited upon by
+the Princesse des Ursins and the ladies of the palace, half the dishes
+being French, half Spanish.  This mixture displeased the ladies of the
+palace and several of the Spanish grandees, who plotted with the ladies
+openly to mark their displeasure; and they did so in a scandalous manner.
+Under one pretext or another--such as the weight or heat of the dishes--
+not one of the French dishes arrived upon the table; all were upset;
+while the Spanish dishes, on the contrary, were served without any
+accident.  The affectation and air of chagrin, to say the least of it,
+of the ladies of the palace, were too visible not to be perceived.  But
+the King and Queen were wise enough to appear not to notice this; and
+Madame des Ursins, much astonished, said not a word.
+
+After a long and disagreeable supper, the King and Queen withdrew.  Then
+feelings which had been kept in during supper overflowed.  The Queen wept
+for her Piedmontese women.  Like a child, as she was, she thought herself
+lost in the hands of ladies so insolent; and when it was time to go to
+bed, she said flatly that she would not go, and that she wished to return
+home.  Everything was done to console her; but the astonishment and
+embarrassment were great indeed when it was found that all was of no
+avail.  The King had undressed, and was awaiting her.  Madame des Ursins
+was at length obliged to go and tell him the resolution the Queen had
+taken.  He was piqued and annoyed.  He had until that time lived with the
+completest regularity; which had contributed to make him find the
+Princess more to his taste than he might otherwise have done.  He was
+therefore affected by her 'fantaisie', and by the same reason easily
+persuaded that she would not keep to it beyond the first night.  They did
+not see each other therefore until the morrow, and after they were
+dressed.  It was lucky that by the Spanish custom no one was permitted to
+be present when the newly-married pair went to bed; or this affair, which
+went no further than the young couple, Madame des Ursins, and one or two
+domestics, might have made a very unpleasant noise.
+
+Madame des Ursins consulted with two of the courtiers, as to the best
+measures to be adopted with a child who showed so much force and
+resolution.  The night was passed in exhortations and in promises upon
+what had occurred at the supper; and the Queen consented at last to
+remain Queen.  The Duke of Medina-Sidonia and Count San Estevan were
+consulted on the morrow.  They were of opinion that in his turn the King,
+in order to mortify her and reduce her to terms, should not visit the
+Queen on the following night.  This opinion was acted upon.  The King and
+Queen did not see each other in private that day.  In the evening the
+Queen was very sorry.  Her pride and her little vanity were wounded;
+perhaps also she had found the King to her taste.
+
+The ladies and the grand seigneurs who had attended at the supper were
+lectured for what had occurred there.  Excuses, promises, demands for
+pardon, followed; all was put right; the third day was tranquil, and the
+third night still more agreeable to the young people.  On the fourth day
+they went to Barcelona, where only fetes and pleasures awaited them.
+Soon after they set out for Madrid.
+
+At the commencement of the following year (1702), it was resolved, after
+much debate, at our court, that Philip V. should make a journey to Italy,
+and on Easter-day he set out.  He went to Naples, Leghorn, Milan, and
+Alessandria.  While at the first-named place a conspiracy which had been
+hatching against his life was discovered, and put down.  But other things
+which previously occurred in Italy ought to have been related before.  I
+must therefore return to them now.
+
+From the moment that Philip V. ascended the Spanish throne it was seen
+that a war was certain.  England maintained for some time an obstinate
+silence, refusing to acknowledge the new King; the Dutch secretly
+murmured against him, and the Emperor openly prepared for battle.  Italy,
+it was evident at once, would be the spot on which hostilities would
+commence, and our King lost no time in taking measures to be ready for
+events.  By land and by sea every preparation was made for the struggle
+about to take place.
+
+After some time the war, waited for and expected by all Europe, at last
+broke out, by some Imperialist troops firing upon a handful of men near
+Albaredo.  One Spaniard was killed, and all the rest of the men were
+taken prisoners.  The Imperialists would not give them up until a cartel
+was arranged.  The King, upon hearing this, at once despatched the
+general officers to Italy.  Our troops were to be commanded by Catinat,
+under M. de Savoie; and the Spanish troops by Vaudemont, who was
+Governor-General of the Milanese, and to whom, and his dislike to our
+King, I have before alluded.
+
+Vaudemont at once began to plot to overthrow Catinat, in conjunction with
+Tesse, who had expected the command, and who was irritated because it had
+not been given to him.  They were in communication with Chamillart,
+Minister of War, who aided them, as did other friends at Court, to be
+hereafter named, in carrying out their object.  It was all the more easy
+because they had to do with a man who depended for support solely upon
+his own talent, and whose virtue and simplicity raised him above all
+intrigue and scheming; and who, with much ability and intelligence, was
+severe in command, very laconic, disinterested, and of exceeding pure
+life.
+
+Prince Eugene commanded the army of the Emperor in Italy.  The first two
+generals under him, in order of rank, were allied with Vaudemont: one, in
+fact, was his only son; the other was the son of a friend of his.  The
+least reflection ought to have opened all eyes to the conduct of
+Vaudemont, and to have discerned it to be more than suspicious.  Catinat
+soon found it out.  He could plan nothing against the enemy that they did
+not learn immediately; and he never attempted any movement without
+finding himself opposed by a force more than double his own; so gross was
+this treachery.
+
+Catinat often complained of this: he sent word of it to the Court, but
+without daring to draw any conclusion from what happened.  Nobody
+sustained him at Court, for Vaudemont had everybody in his favour.  He
+captured our general officers by his politeness, his magnificence, and,
+above all, by presenting them with abundant supplies.  All the useful,
+and the agreeable, came from his side; all the dryness, all the
+exactitude, came from Catinat.  It need not be asked which of the two had
+all hearts.  In fine, Tesse and Vaudemont carried out their schemes so
+well that Catinat could do nothing.
+
+While these schemes were going on, the Imperialists were enabled to gain
+time, to strengthen themselves, to cross the rivers without obstacle, to,
+approach us; and, acquainted with everything as they were, to attack a
+portion of our army on the 9th July, at Capri, with five regiments of
+cavalry and dragoons.  Prince Eugene led this attack without his coming
+being in the least degree suspected, and fell suddenly upon our troops.
+Tesse, who was in the immediate neighbourhood with some dragoons,
+advanced rapidly upon hearing this, but only with a few dragoons.  A long
+resistance was made, but at last retreat became necessary.  It was
+accomplished in excellent order, and without disturbance from the enemy;
+but our loss was very great, many officers of rank being among the dead.
+
+Such was our first exploit in Italy; all the fault of which was
+attributed to Catinat.  Tesse and Vaudemont did everything in their power
+to secure his disgrace.  The King, indeed, thus prejudiced against
+Catinat, determined to take from him the command, and appointed the
+Marechal de Villeroy as his successor.  The surprise of everybody at this
+was very great, for no one expected that the Marechal de Villeroy would
+repair the fault of Catinat.  On the evening of his appointment, this
+general was exposed in a very straightforward and public manner by M. de
+Duras.  He did not like the Marechal de Villeroy; and, while everybody
+else was applauding, took the Marechal by the arm, and said, "Monsieur le
+Marechal, everybody is paying you compliments upon your departure to
+Italy, I keep mine until you return;" and then, bursting out laughing, he
+looked round upon the company.  Villeroy remained confounded, without
+offering a word.  Everybody smiled and looked down.  The King took no
+notice.
+
+Catinat, when the command was taken out of his hands by the Marechal de
+Villeroy, made himself admired on every side by the moderation and
+tranquillity with which he conducted himself.  If Vaudemont was satisfied
+with the success of his schemes, it was far otherwise with Tesse, who had
+merely intrigued against Catinat for the purpose of obtaining the command
+of the army.  He did all in his power to ingratiate himself into the
+favour of the Marechal de Villeroy; but the Marechal received these
+advances very coldly.  Tesse's schemes against Catinat were beginning to
+be scented out; he was accused of having wished the Imperialists to
+succeed at Capri, and of indirectly aiding them by keeping back his
+troops; his tirades against Catinat, too, made him suspected.  The
+Marechal de Villeroy would have nothing to do with him.  His conduct was
+contrasted with that of Catinat, who, free after his fall to retire from
+the army, continued to remain there, with rare modesty, interfering in
+nothing.
+
+The first campaign passed without notable incident, except an
+unsuccessful attack upon Chiari, by our troops on the 1st of September.
+M. de Savoie led the attack; but was so firmly met by Prince Eugene, who
+was in an excellent position for defence, that he could do nothing, and
+in the end was compelled to retire disgracefully.  We lost five or six
+colonels and many men, and had a large number wounded.  This action much
+astonished our army, and encouraged that of the enemy, who did almost as
+they wished during the rest of the campaign.
+
+Towards the end of this campaign, the grand airs of familiarity which the
+Marechal de Villeroy gave himself with M. de Savoie drew upon him a cruel
+rebuke, not to say an affront.  M. de Savoie being in the midst of all
+the generals and of the flower of the army, opened, while talking, his
+snuff-box, and was about to take a pinch of snuff, when M. de Villeroy,
+who was standing near, stretched out his hand and put it into the box
+without saying a word.  M. de Savoie flushed up, and instantly threw all
+the snuff upon the ground, gave the box to one of his attendants, and
+told him to fill it again.  The Marechal, not knowing what to do with
+himself, swallowed his shame without daring to say a word, M. de Savoie
+continuing the conversation that he had not interrupted, except to ask
+for the fresh snuff.
+
+The campaign passed away, our troops always retreating, the Imperialists
+always gaining ground; they continually increasing in numbers; we
+diminishing little by little every day.  The Marechal de Villeroy and
+Prince Eugene each took up his winter quarters and crossed the frontier:
+M. de Savoie returned to Turin, and Catinat went to Paris.  The King
+received him well, but spoke of nothing but unimportant matters, and gave
+him no private audience, nor did he ask for one.
+
+Prince Eugene, who was more knowing than the Marechal de Villeroy, had
+obliged him to winter in the midst of the Milanese, and kept him closely
+pressed there, while his own troops enjoyed perfect liberty, by means of
+which they much disturbed ours.  In this advantageous situation, Prince
+Eugene conceived the design of surprising the centre of our quarters, and
+by that blow to make himself master of our positions, and afterwards of
+Milan, and other places of the country, all in very bad order; thus
+finishing effectively and suddenly his conquest.
+
+Cremona was our centre, and it was defended by a strong garrison.  Prince
+Eugene ascertained that there was at Cremona an ancient aqueduct which
+extended far out into the country, and which started from the town in the
+vault of a house occupied by a priest.  He also learnt that this aqueduct
+had been recently cleaned, but that it carried very little water, and
+that in former times the town had been surprised by means of it.  He
+caused the entrance of the aqueduct, in the country, to be reconnoitred,
+he gained over the priest in whose vault it ended, and who lived close to
+one of the gates of the city, which was walled up and but little guarded;
+he sent into Cremona as many chosen soldiers as he could, disguised as
+priests or peasants, and these hiding themselves in the house of the
+friendly priest, obtained secretly as many axes as they could.  Then the
+Prince despatched five hundred picked men and officers to march by the
+aqueduct to the priest's vault; he put Thomas de Vaudemont, son of the
+Governor General of the Milanese, at the head of a large detachment of
+troops, with orders to occupy a redoubt that defended the Po, and to come
+by the bridge to his assistance, when the struggle commenced in the town;
+and he charged the soldiers secreted in the priest's house to break down
+the walled-up gate, so as to admit the troops whom he would lead there.
+
+Everything, thus concerted with exactness, was executed with precision,
+and with all possible secrecy and success.  It was on the 1st of
+February, 1702, at break of day, that the surprise was attempted.  The
+Marechal de Villeroy had only arrived in the town on the previous night.
+The first person who got scent of what was going forward was the cook of
+the Lieutenant-General Crenan, who going out in the early morning to buy
+provisions, saw the streets full of soldiers, whose uniforms were unknown
+to him.  He ran back and awakened his master.  Neither he nor his valets
+would believe what the cook said, but nevertheless Crenan hurriedly
+dressed himself, went out, and was only too soon convinced that it was
+true.
+
+At the same time, by a piece of good luck, which proved the saving of
+Cremona, a regiment under the command of D'Entragues, drew up in battle
+array in one of the public places.  D'Entragues was a bold and skilful
+soldier, with a great desire to distinguish himself.  He wished to review
+this regiment, and had commenced business before the dawn.  While the
+light was still uncertain and feeble, and his battalions were under arms,
+he indistinctly perceived infantry troops forming at the end of the
+street, in front of him.  He knew by the order's given on the previous
+evening that no other review was to take place except his own.  He
+immediately feared, therefore, some surprise, marched at once to these
+troops, whom he found to be Imperialists, charged them, overthrew them,
+sustained the shock of the fresh troops which arrived, and kept up a
+defence so obstinate, that he gave time to all the town to awake, and to
+the majority of the troops to take up arms.  Without him, all would have
+been slaughtered as they slept.
+
+Just at dawn the Marechal de Villeroy, already up and dressed, was
+writing in his chamber.  He heard a noise, called for a horse, and
+followed by a single aide-de-camp and a page, threaded his way through
+the streets to the grand place, which is always the rendezvous in case of
+alarm.  At the turning of one of the streets he fell into the midst of an
+Imperialist corps de garde, who surrounded him and arrested him.  Feeling
+that it was impossible to defend himself, the Marechal de Villeroy
+whispered his name to the officer, and promised him ten thousand
+pistoles, a regiment, and the grandest recompenses from the King, to be
+allowed to escape.  The officer was, however, above all bribes, said he
+had not served the Emperor so long in order to end by betraying him, and
+conducted the Marechal de Villeroy to Prince Eugene, who did not receive
+him so well as he himself would have been received, under similar
+circumstances, by the Marechal.  While in the suite of Prince Eugene,
+Villeroy saw Crenan led in prisoner, and wounded to the death, and
+exclaimed that he should like to be in his place.  A moment after they
+were both sent out of the town, and passed the day, guarded, in the coach
+of Prince Eugene.
+
+Revel, become commander-in-chief by the capture of the Marechal de
+Villeroy, tried to rally the troops.  There was a fight in every street;
+the troops dispersed about, some in detachments, several scarcely armed;
+some only in their shirts fought with the greatest bravery.  They were
+driven at last to the ramparts, where they had time to look about them,
+to rally and form themselves.  If the enemy had not allowed our troops
+time to gain the ramparts, or if they had driven them beyond this
+position, when they reached it, the town could never have held out.  But
+the imperialists kept themselves entirely towards the centre of the town,
+and made no effort to fall upon our men, or to drive them from the
+ramparts.
+
+Praslin, who had the command of our cavalry, put himself at the head of
+some Irish battalions which under him did wonders.  Although continually
+occupied in defending and attacking, Praslin conceived the idea that the
+safety of Cremona depended upon the destruction of the bridge of the Po,
+so that the Imperialists could not receive reinforcements from that
+point.  He repeated this so many times, that Revel was informed of it,
+and ordered Praslin to do what he thought most advisable in the matter.
+Thereupon, Praslin instantly commanded the bridge to be broken down:
+There was not a moment to lose.  Thomas de Vaudemont was already
+approaching the bridge at the head of his troops.  But the bridge,
+nevertheless, was destroyed before his eyes, and with all his musketeers
+he was not able to prevent it.
+
+It was now three o'clock in the afternoon.  Prince Eugene was at the
+Hotel de Ville, swearing in the magistrates.  Leaving that place, and
+finding that his troops were giving way, he ascended the cathedral
+steeple to see what was passing in different parts of the town, and to
+discover why the troops of Thomas de Vaudemont did not arrive.  He had
+scarcely reached the top of the steeple, when he saw his detachments on
+the banks of the Po, and the bridge broken, thus rendering their
+assistance useless.  He was not more satisfied with what he discovered in
+every other direction.  Furious at seeing his enterprise in such bad
+case, after having been so nearly successful, he descended, tearing his
+hair and yelling.  From that time, although superior in force, he thought
+of nothing but retreat.
+
+Revel, who saw that his troops were overwhelmed by hunger, fatigue, and
+wounds, for since the break of day they had had no repose or leisure,
+thought on his side of withdrawing his men into the castle of Cremona,
+in order, at least, to defend himself under cover, and to obtain a
+capitulation.  So that the two opposing chiefs each thought at one and
+the same time of retreat.
+
+Towards the evening therefore the combat slackened on both sides, until
+our troops made a last effort to drive the enemy from one of the gates of
+the town; so as to have that gate free and open during the night to let
+in assistance.  The Irish seconded so well this attack, that it was at
+length successful.  A tolerably long calm succeeded this last struggle.
+Revel, nevertheless, thought of withdrawing his troops to the castle,
+when Mahony, an Irish officer who had fought bravely as a lion all day,
+proposed to go and see what was passing all around.  It was already
+growing dark; the reconnoiterers profited by this.  They saw that
+everything was tranquil, and understood that the enemy had retreated.
+This grand news was carried to Revel, who, with many around him, was a
+long time in believing it.  Persuaded at last, he left everything as it
+was then, until broad daylight, when he found that the enemy had gone,
+and that the streets and public places were filled with the wounded, the
+dying, and the dead.  He made arrangements for everything, and dispatched
+Mahony to the King.
+
+Prince Eugene retreated all that night with the detachment he had led,
+and made the Marechal de Villeroy, disarmed and badly mounted, follow
+him, very indecently.  The Marechal was afterwards sent to Gratz in
+Styria.  Crenan died in the coach of the Marechal de Villeroy.
+D'Entragues, to whose valour the safety of Cremona was owing, did not
+survive this glorious day.  Our loss was great; that of the enemy
+greater.
+
+The news of this, the most surprising event that has been heard of in
+recent ages, was brought to the King at Marly on the 9th of February,
+1702, by Mahony.  Soon after it arrived I heard of it, and at once
+hastened to the chateau, where I found a great buzzing and several groups
+of people talking.  Mahony was closeted a long time with the King.  At
+the end of an hour the King came out of his cabinet, and spoke strongly
+in praise of what had occurred.  He took pleasure in dwelling at great
+length upon Mahony, and declared that he had never heard anybody give
+such a clear and good account of an occurrence as he.  The King kindly
+added that he should bestow a thousand francs a year upon Mahony, and a
+brevet of Colonel.
+
+In the evening M. le Prince de Conti told me that the King had decorated
+Revel, and made Praslin Lieutenant-General.  As the latter was one of my
+particular friends, this intelligence gave me much joy.  I asked again to
+be more sure of the news.  The other principal officers were advanced in
+proportion to their grades, and many received pensions.
+
+As for the Marechal de Villeroy he was treated as those who excite envy
+and then become unfortunate are always treated.  The King, however,
+openly took his part; and in truth it was no fault of the Marechal, who
+had arrived at Cremona the day before the surprise, that he was taken
+prisoner directly he set his foot in the street.--How could he know of
+the aqueduct, the barred-up gate, and the concealed soldiers?
+Nevertheless, his friends were plunged into the greatest grief, and his
+wife, who had not been duped by the eclat which accompanied her husband
+upon his departure for Italy, but who feared for the result, was
+completely overwhelmed, and for a long time could not be prevailed upon
+to see anybody.
+
+M. de Vendome was appointed successor to M. de Villeroy, in command of
+the army in Italy.
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+But it is time now for me to go back to other matters, and to start again
+from the commencement of 1701, from which I have been led by reciting, in
+a continuous story, the particulars of our first campaign in Italy.
+
+Barbezieux had viewed with discontent the elevation of Chamillart.  His
+pride and presumption rose in arms against it; but as there was no remedy
+he gave himself up to debauch, to dissipate his annoyance.  He had built
+between Versailles and Vaucresson, at the end of the park of Saint Cloud,
+a house in the open fields, called l'Etang, which though in the dismalest
+position in the world had cost him millions.  He went there to feast and
+riot with his friends; and committing excesses above his strength, was
+seized with a fever, and died in a few days, looking death steadily in
+the face.  He was told of his approaching end by the Archbishop of
+Rheims; for he would not believe Fagon.
+
+He was thirty-three years of age, with a striking and expressive
+countenance, and much wit and aptitude for labour.  He was remarkable for
+grace, fine manners, and winning ways; but his pride and ambition were
+excessive, and when his fits of ill-temper came, nothing could repress
+them.  Resistance always excited and irritated him.  He had accustomed
+the King--whenever he had drunk too much, or when a party of pleasure was
+toward--to put off work to another time.  It was a great question,
+whether the State gained or lost most by his death?
+
+As soon as he was dead, Saint-Pouange went to Marly to tell the news to
+the King, who was so prepared for it that two hours before, starting from
+Versailles, he had left La Vrilliere behind to put the seals everywhere.
+Fagon, who had condemned him at once, had never loved him or his father,
+and was accused of over-bleeding him on purpose.  At any rate he allowed,
+at one of his last visits, expressions of joy to escape him because
+recovery was impossible.  Barbezieux used to annoy people very much by
+answering aloud when they spoke to him in whispers, and by keeping
+visitors waiting whilst he was playing with his dogs or some base
+parasite.
+
+Many people, especially divers beautiful ladies, lost much by his death.
+Some of the latter looked very disconsolate in the salon at Marly; but
+when they had gone to table, and the cake had been cut (it was Twelfth
+Night), the King manifested a joy which seemed to command imitation.
+He was not content with exclaiming "The Queen drinks," but as in a common
+wine-shop, he clattered his spoon and fork on his plate, and made others
+do so likewise, which caused a strange din, that lasted at intervals all
+through the supper.  The snivellers made more noise than the others, and
+uttered louder screams of laughter; and the nearest relatives and best
+friends were still more riotous.  On the morrow all signs of grief had
+disappeared.
+
+Chamillart was appointed in the place of Barbezieux, as Secretary of
+State; and wanted to give up the Finance, but the King, remembering the
+disputes of Louvois and Colbert, insisted on his occupying both posts.
+Chamillart was a very worthy man, with clean hands and the best
+intentions; polite, patient, obliging, a good friend, and a moderate
+enemy, loving his country, but his King better; and on very good terms
+with him and Madame de Maintenon.  His mind was limited and; like all
+persons of little wit and knowledge, he was obstinate and pig-headed--
+smiling affectedly with a gentle compassion on whoever opposed reasons to
+his, but utterly incapable of understanding them--consequently a dupe in
+friendship, in business, in everything; governed by all who could manage
+to win his admiration, or on very slight grounds could claim his
+affection.  His capacity was small, and yet he believed he knew
+everything, which was the more pitiable, as all this came to him with his
+places, and arose more from stupidity than presumption--not at all from
+vanity, of which he was divested.  The most remarkable thing is that the
+chief origin of the King's tender regard for him was this very
+incapacity.  He used to confess it to the King at every opportunity; and
+the King took pleasure in directing and instructing him, so that he was
+interested in his successes as if they had been his own, and always
+excused him.  The world and the Court excused him also, charmed by the
+facility with which he received people, the pleasure he felt in granting
+requests and rendering services, the gentleness and regretfulness of his
+refusals, and his indefatigable patience as a listener.  His memory was
+so great that he remembered all matters submitted to him, which gave
+pleasure to people who were afraid of being forgotten.  He wrote
+excellently; and his clear, flowing, and precise style was extremely
+pleasing to the King and Madame de Maintenon, who were never weary of
+praising him, encouraging him, and congratulating themselves for having
+placed upon such weak shoulders two burdens, each of which was sufficient
+to overwhelm the most sturdy.
+
+Rose, secretary in the King's cabinet, died, aged about eighty-six, at
+the commencement of the year 1701.  For nearly fifty years he had held
+the office of the "pen," as it is called.  To have the "pen," is to be a
+public forger, and to do what would cost anybody else his life.  This
+office consists in imitating so exactly the handwriting of the King; that
+the real cannot be distinguished from the counterfeit.  In this manner
+are written all the letters that the King ought or wishes to write with
+his own hand, but which, nevertheless, he will not take the trouble to
+write.  Sovereigns and people of high rank, even generals and others of
+importance, employ a secretary of this kind.  It is not possible to make
+a great King speak with more dignity than did Rose; nor with more fitness
+to each person, and upon every subject.  The King signed all the letters
+Rose wrote, and the characters were so alike it was impossible to find
+the smallest difference.  Many important things had passed through the
+hands of Rose: He was extremely faithful and secret, and the King put
+entire trust in him.
+
+Rose was artful, scheming, adroit, and dangerous.  There are stories
+without number of him; and I will relate one or two solely because they
+characterise him, and those to whom they also relate.
+
+He had, near Chantilly, a nice house and grounds that he much liked, and
+that he often visited.  This little property bordered the estate of M. le
+Prince, who, not liking so close a neighbour, wished to get rid of him.
+M. le Prince endeavoured to induce Rose to give up his house and grounds,
+but all to no effect; and at last tried to annoy him in various ways into
+acquiescence.  Among other of his tricks, he put about four hundred
+foxes, old and young, into Rose's park.  It may be imagined what disorder
+this company made there, and the surprise of Rose and his servants at an
+inexhaustible ant-hill of foxes come to one night!
+
+The worthy fellow, who was anger and vehemence itself, knew only too well
+who had treated him thus scurvily, and straightway went to the King,
+requesting to be allowed to ask him rather a rough question.  The King,
+quite accustomed to him and to his jokes,--for he was pleasant and very
+witty, demanded what was the matter.
+
+"What is the matter, Sire?" replied Rose, with a face all flushed.
+"Why, I beg you will tell me if we have two Kings in France?"
+
+"What do you mean?" said the King, surprised, and flushing in his turn.
+
+"What I mean, Sire, is, that if M. le Prince is King like you, folks must
+weep and lower their heads before that tyrant.  If he is only Prince of
+the blood, I ask justice from you, Sire, for you owe it to all your
+subjects, and you ought not to suffer them to be the prey of M. le
+Prince," said Rose; and he related everything that had taken place,
+concluding with the adventure of the foxes.
+
+The King promised that he would speak to M. le Prince in a manner to
+insure the future repose of Rose; and, indeed, he ordered all the foxes
+to be removed from the worthy man's park, all the damages they had made
+to be repaired, and all the expenses incurred to be paid by M. le Prince.
+M. le Prince was too good a courtier to fail in obeying this order, and
+never afterwards troubled Rose in the least thing; but, on the contrary,
+made all the advances towards a reconciliation.  Rose was obliged to
+receive them, but held himself aloof, nevertheless, and continually let
+slip some raillery against M. le Prince.  I and fifty others were one day
+witnesses of this.
+
+M. le Prince was accustomed to pay his court to the ministers as they
+stood waiting to attend the council in the King's chamber; and although
+he had nothing to say, spoke to them with the mien of a client obliged to
+fawn.  One morning, when there was a large assembly of the Court in this
+chamber, and M. le Prince had been cajoling the ministers with much
+suppleness and flattery, Secretary Rose, who saw what had been going on,
+went up to him on a sudden, and said aloud, putting one finger under his
+closed eye, as was sometimes his habit, "Sir, I have seen your scheming
+here with all these gentlemen, and for several days; it is not for
+nothing.  I have known the Court and mankind many years; and am not to be
+imposed upon: I see clearly where matters point:" and this with turns and
+inflections of voice which thoroughly embarrassed M. le Prince, who
+defended himself as he could.  Every one crowded to hear what was going
+on; and at last Rose, taking M. le Prince respectfully by his arm, said,
+with a cunning and meaning smile; "Is it not that you wish to be made
+first Prince of the blood royal?"  Then he turned on his heel, and
+slipped off.  The Prince was stupefied; and all present tried in vain to
+restrain their laughter.
+
+Rose had never pardoned M. de Duras an ill turn the latter had served
+him.  During one of the Court journeys, the carriage in which Rose was
+riding broke down.  He took a horse; but, not being a good equestrian,
+was very soon pitched into a hole full of mud.  While there M. de Duras
+passed, and Rose from the midst of the mire cried for help.  But M. de
+Duras, instead of giving assistance, looked from his coach-window, burst
+out laughing, and cried out: "What a luxurious horse thus to roll upon
+Roses!"--and with this witticism passed gently on through the mud.  The
+next comer, the Duc de Coislin, was more charitable; he picked up the
+worthy man, who was so furious, so carried away by anger, that it was
+some time before he could say who he was.  But the worst was to come; for
+M. de Duras, who feared nobody, and whose tongue was accustomed to wag as
+freely as that of Rose, told the story to the King and to all the Court,
+who much laughed at it.  This outraged Rose to such a point, that he
+never afterwards approached M. de Duras, and only spoke of him in fury.
+Whenever he hazarded some joke upon M. de Duras, the King began to laugh,
+and reminded him of the mud-ducking he had received.
+
+Towards the end of his life, Rose married his granddaughter, who was to
+be his heiress, to Portail, since Chief President of the Parliament.
+The marriage was not a happy one; the young spouse despised her husband;
+and said that instead of entering into a good house, she had remained at
+the portal.  At last her husband and his father complained to Rose.  He
+paid no attention at first; but, tired out at last, said if his
+granddaughter persisted in her bad conduct, he would disinherit her.
+There were no complaints after this.
+
+Rose was a little man, neither fat nor lean, with a tolerably handsome
+face, keen expression, piercing eyes sparkling with cleverness; a little
+cloak, a satin skull-cap over his grey hairs, a smooth collar, almost
+like an Abbe's, and his pocket-handkerchief always between his coat and
+his vest.  He used to say that it was nearer his nose there.  He had
+taken me into his friendship.  He laughed very freely at the foreign
+princes; and always called the Dukes with whom he was familiar, "Your
+Ducal Highness," in ridicule of the sham Highnesses.  He was extremely
+neat and brisk, and full of sense to the last; he was a sort of
+personage.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+On Saturday, the 19th of March, in the evening, the King was about to
+undress himself, when he heard cries in his chamber, which was full of
+courtiers; everybody calling for Fagon and Felix.  Monseigneur had been
+taken very ill.  He had passed the day at Meudon, where he had eaten only
+a collation; at the King's supper he had made amends by gorging himself
+nigh to bursting with fish.  He was a great eater, like the King, and
+like the Queens his mother and grandmother.  He had not appeared after
+supper, but had jest gone down to his own room from the King's cabinet,
+and was about to undress himself, when all at once he lost consciousness.
+His valets, frightened out of their wits, and some courtiers who were
+near, ran to the King's chambers, to his chief physician and his chief
+surgeon with the hubbub which I have mentioned above.  The King, all
+unbuttoned, started to his feet immediately, and descended by a little
+dark, narrow, and steep staircase towards the chamber of Monseigneur.
+Madame la Duchesse de Bourgogne arrived at the same time, and in an
+instant the chamber, which was vast, was filled.
+
+They found Monseigneur half naked: his servants endeavouring to make him
+walk erect, and dragging rather than leading him about.  He did not know
+the King, who spoke to him, nor anybody else; and defended himself as
+long as he could against Felix, who, in this pressing necessity, hazarded
+bleeding him, and succeeded.  Consciousness returned.  Monseigneur asked
+for a confessor; the King had already sent for, the cure.  Many emetics
+were given to him: but two hours passed before they operated.  At half-
+past two in the morning, no further danger appearing, the King, who had
+shed tears, went to bed, leaving orders that he was to be awakened if any
+fresh accident happened.  At five o'clock, however, all the effect having
+passed, the doctors went away, and made everybody leave the sick chamber.
+During the night all Paris hastened hither.  Monseigneur was compelled to
+keep his room for eight or ten days; and took care in future not to gorge
+himself so much with food.  Had this accident happened a quarter of an
+hour later, the chief valet de chambre, who slept in his room, would have
+found him dead in his bed.
+
+Paris loved Monseigneur, perhaps because he often went to the opera.
+The fish-fags of the Halles thought it would be proper to exhibit their
+affection, and deputed four stout gossips to wait upon him: they were
+admitted.  One of them took him round the neck and kissed him on both
+cheeks; the others kissed his hand.  They were all very well received.
+Bontems showed them over the apartments, and treated them to a dinner.
+Monseigneur gave them some money, and the King did so also.  They
+determined not to remain in debt, and had a fine Te Deum sung at Saint
+Eustache, and then feasted.
+
+For some time past Monsieur had been sorely grieved that his son, M. le
+Duc de Chartres, had not been appointed to the command of an army.  When
+M. de Chartres married, the King, who had converted his nephew by force
+into a son-in-law, promised him all kinds of favours; but except those
+which were written down in black and white had not given him any.  M. de
+Chartres, annoyed at this, and at the manner m which the illegitimate
+children were promoted over his head, had given himself up to all kinds
+of youthful follies and excesses.  The King was surprised to find
+Monsieur agree with his son's ambition; but gave a flat refusal when
+overtures were made to him on the subject.  All hope of rising to a high
+command was thus forbidden to the Duc de Chartres; so that Madame had a
+fine excuse for sneering at the weakness which had been shown by
+Monsieur, who, on his part, had long before repented of it.  He winked,
+therefore, at all the escapades performed or threatened by his son, and
+said nothing, not being sorry that the King should become uneasy, which
+was soon the case.
+
+The King at last spoke to Monsieur; and being coldly received, reproached
+him for not knowing how to exercise authority over his son.  Upon this
+Monsieur fired up; and, quite as much from foregone decision as from
+anger, in his turn asked the King what was to be done with a son at such
+an age: who was sick of treading the galleries of Versailles and the
+pavement of the Court; of being married as he was, and of remaining, as
+it were, naked, whilst his brothers-in-law were clothed in dignities,
+governments, establishments, and offices,--against all policy and all
+example.  His son, he said, was worse off than any one in the King's
+service, for all others could earn distinction; added, that idleness was
+the mother of all vice, and that it gave him much pain to see his only
+son abandon himself to debauchery and bad company; but that it would be
+cruel to blame a young man, forced as it were into these follies, and to
+say nothing against him by whom he was thus forced.
+
+Who was astonished to hear this straightforward language?  Why, the King.
+Monsieur had never let out to within a thousand leagues of this tone,
+which was only the more annoying because supported by unanswerable
+reasons that did not convince.  Mastering his embarrassments however, the
+King answered as a brother rather than as a sovereign; endeavouring, by
+gentle words, to calm the excitement of Monsieur.  But Monsieur was stung
+to the quick by the King's neglect of M. de Chartres, and would not be
+pacified; yet the real subject of the annoyance was never once alluded
+to, whilst the one kept it steadily in his mind; and the other was
+determined not to yield.  The conversation lasted very long, and was
+pushed very far; Monsieur throughout taking the high tone, the King very
+gentle.  They separated in this manner,--Monsieur frowning, but not
+daring to burst out; the King annoyed, but not wishing to estrange his
+brother, much less to let their squabble be known.
+
+As Monsieur passed most of his summers at Saint Cloud, the separation
+which this occasioned put them at their ease whilst waiting for a
+reconciliation; and Monsieur came less often than before, but when he did
+filled all their private interviews with bitter talk.  In public little
+or nothing appeared, except that familiar people remarked politeness and
+attention on the King's part, coldness on that of Monsieur--moods not
+common to either.  Nevertheless, being advised not to push matters too
+far, he read a lecture to his son, and made him change his conduct by
+degrees.  But Monsieur still remained irritated against the King; and
+this completely upset him, accustomed as he always had been to live on
+the best of terms with his brother, and to be treated by him in every
+respect as such--except that the King would not allow Monsieur to become
+a great personage.
+
+Ordinarily, whenever Monsieur or Madame were unwell, even if their little
+finger ached, the King visited them at once; and continued his visits if
+the sickness lasted.  But now, Madame had been laid up for six weeks with
+a tertian fever, for which she would do nothing, because she treated
+herself in her German fashion, and despised physic and doctors.  The
+King, who, besides the affair of M. le Duc de Chartres, was secretly
+angered with her, as will presently be seen, had not been to see her,
+although Monsieur had urged him to do so during those flying visits which
+he made to Versailles without sleeping there.  This was taken by
+Monsieur, who was ignorant of the private cause of indignation alluded
+to, for a public mark of extreme disrespect; and being proud and
+sensitive he was piqued thereby to the last degree.
+
+He had other mental troubles to torment him.  For some time past he had
+had a confessor who, although a Jesuit, kept as tight a hand over him as
+he could.  He was a gentleman of good birth, and of Brittany, by name le
+Pere du Trevoux.  He forbade Monsieur not only certain strange pleasures,
+but many which he thought he could innocently indulge in as a penance for
+his past life.  He often told him that he had no mind to be damned on his
+account; and that if he was thought too harsh let another confessor be
+appointed.  He also told him to take great care of himself, as he was
+old, worn out with debauchery, fat, short-necked, and, according to all
+appearance, likely to die soon of apoplexy.  These were terrible words to
+a prince the most voluptuous and the most attached to life that had been
+seen for a long time; who had always passed his days in the most
+luxurious idleness and who was the most incapable by nature of all
+serious application, of all serious reading, and of all self-examination.
+He was afraid of the devil; and he remembered that his former confessor
+had resigned for similar reasons as this new one was actuated by.  He was
+forced now, therefore, to look a little into himself, and to live in a
+manner that, for him, might be considered rigid.  From time to time he
+said many prayers; he obeyed his confessor, and rendered an account to
+him of the conduct he had prescribed in respect to play and many other
+things, and patiently suffered his confessor's long discourses.  He
+became sad, dejected, and spoke less than usual--that is to say, only
+about as much as three or four women--so that everybody soon saw this
+great change.  It would have been strange if all these troubles together
+had not made a great revolution in a man like Monsieur, full-bodied, and
+a great eater, not only at meals, but all the day.
+
+On Thursday, the 8th of June, he went from Saint Cloud to dine with the
+King at Marly; and, as was his custom, entered the cabinet as soon as the
+Council of State went out.  He found the King angry with M. de Chartres
+for neglecting his wife, and allowing her to seek consolation for this
+neglect in the society of others.  M. de Chartres was at that time
+enamoured of Mademoiselle de Sary, maid of honour to Madame, and carried
+on his suit in the most open and flagrant manner.  The King took this for
+his theme, and very stiffly reproached Monsieur for the conduct of his
+son.  Monsieur, who needed little to exasperate him, tartly replied, that
+fathers who had led certain lives had little authority over their
+children, and little right to blame them.  The King, who felt the point
+of the answer, fell back on the patience of his daughter, and said that
+at least she ought not to be allowed to see the truth so clearly.  But
+Monsieur was resolved to have his fling, and recalled, in the most
+aggravating manner, the conduct the King had adopted towards his Queen,
+with respect to his mistresses, even allowing the latter to accompany him
+in his journeys--the Queen at his side, and all in the same coach.  This
+last remark drove the King beyond all patience, and he redoubled his
+reproaches, so that presently both were shouting to each other at the top
+of their voices.  The door of the room in which they wrangled was open,
+and only covered by a curtain, as was the custom at Marly, and the
+adjoining room was full of courtiers, waiting to see the King go by to
+dinner.  On the other side was a little salon, devoted to very private
+purposes, and filled with valets, who could hear distinctly every word of
+what passed.  The attendant without, upon hearing this noise, entered,
+and told the King how many people were within hearing, and immediately
+retired.  The conversation did not stop, however; it was simply carried
+on in a lower tone.  Monsieur continued his reproaches; said that the
+King, in marrying his daughter to M. de Chartres, had promised marvels,
+and had done nothing; that for his part he had wished his son to serve,
+to keep him out of the way of these intrigues, but that his demands had
+been vain; that it was no wonder M. de Chartres amused himself, by way of
+consolation, for the neglect he had been treated with.  Monsieur added,
+that he saw only too plainly the truth of what had been predicted,
+namely, that he would have all the shame and dishonour of the marriage
+without ever deriving any profit from it.  The King, more and more
+carried away by anger, replied, that the war would soon oblige him to
+make some retrenchments, and that he would commence by cutting down the
+pensions of Monsieur, since he showed himself so little accommodating.
+
+At this moment the King was informed that his dinner was ready, and both
+he and Monsieur left the room and went to table, Monsieur, all fury,
+flushed, and with eyes inflamed by anger.  His face thus crimsoned
+induced some ladies who were at table, and some courtiers behind--but
+more for the purpose of saying something than anything else--to make the
+remark, that Monsieur, by his appearance, had great need of bleeding.
+The same thing had been said some time before at Saint Cloud; he was
+absolutely too full; and, indeed, he had himself admitted that it was
+true.  Even the King, in spite of their squabbles, had more than once
+pressed him to consent.  But Tancrede, his head surgeon, was old, and an
+unskilful bleeder: he had missed fire once.  Monsieur would not be bled
+by him; and not to vex him was good enough to refuse being bled by
+another, and to die in consequence.
+
+Upon hearing this observation about bleeding, the King spoke to him again
+on the subject; and said that he did not know what prevented him from
+having him at once taken to his room, and bled by force.  The dinner
+passed in the ordinary manner; and Monsieur ate extremely, as he did at
+all his meals, to say nothing of an abundant supply of chocolate in the
+morning, and what he swallowed all day in the shape of fruit, pastry,
+preserves, and every kind of dainties, with which indeed the tables of
+his cabinets and his pockets were always filled.
+
+Upon rising from the table, the King, in his carriage, alone went to
+Saint Germain, to visit the King and Queen of England.  Other members of
+the family went there likewise separately; and Monsieur, after going
+there also, returned to Saint Cloud.
+
+In the evening, after supper, the King was in his cabinet, with
+Monseigneur and the Princesses, as at Versailles, when a messenger came
+from Saint Cloud, and asked to see the King in the name of the Duc de
+Chartres.  He was admitted into the cabinet, and said that Monsieur had
+been taken very ill while at supper; that he had been bled, that he was
+better, but that an emetic had been given to him.  The fact was, Monsieur
+had supped as usual with the ladies, who were at Saint Cloud.  During the
+meal, as he poured out a glass of liqueur for Madame de Bouillon, it was
+perceived that he stammered, and pointed at something with his hand.  As
+it was customary with him sometimes to speak Spanish, some of the ladies
+asked what he said, others cried aloud.  All this was the work of an
+instant, and immediately afterwards Monsieur fell in a fit of apoplexy
+upon M. de Chartres, who supported him.  He was taken into his room,
+shaken, moved about, bled considerably, and had strong emetics
+administered to him, but scarcely any signs of life did he show.
+
+Upon hearing this news, the King, who had been accustomed to fly to visit
+Monsieur for a mere nothing, went to Madame de Maintenon's, and had her
+waked up.  He passed a quarter of an hour with her, and then, towards
+midnight, returning to his room, ordered his coach to be got ready, and
+sent the Marquis de Gesvres to Saint Cloud, to see if Monsieur was worse,
+in which case he was to return and wake him; and they went quickly to
+bed.  Besides the particular relations in which they were at that time, I
+think that the King suspected some artifice; that he went in consequence
+to consult Madame de Maintenon, and preferred sinning against all laws of
+propriety to running the chance of being duped.  Madame de Maintenon did
+not like Monsieur.  She feared him.  He paid her very little court, and
+despite all his timidity and his more than deference, observations
+escaped him at times, when he was with the King, which marked his disdain
+of her, and the shame that he felt of public opinion.  She was not eager,
+therefore, to advise the King to go and visit him, still less to commence
+a journey by night, the loss of rest, and the witnessing a spectacle so
+sad, and so likely to touch him, and make him make reflections on
+himself; for she hoped that if things went quietly he might be spared the
+trouble altogether.
+
+A moment after the King had got into bed, a page came to say that
+Monsieur was better, and that he had just asked for some Schaffhausen
+water, which is excellent for apoplexy.  An hour and a half later,
+another messenger came, awakened the King, and told him that the emetic
+had no effect, and that Monsieur was very ill.  At this the King rose and
+set out at once.  On the way he met the Marquis de Gesvres, who was
+coming to fetch him, and brought similar news.  It may be imagined what a
+hubbub and disorder there was this night at Marly, and what horror at
+Saint Cloud, that palace of delight!  Everybody who was at Marly hastened
+as he was best able to Saint Cloud.  Whoever was first ready started
+together.  Men and women jostled each other, and then threw themselves
+into the coaches without order and without regard to etiquette.
+Monseigneur was with Madame la Duchesse.  He was so struck by what had
+occurred, and its resemblance to what he himself had experienced, that he
+could scarcely stand, and was dragged, almost carried, to the carriage,
+all trembling.
+
+The King arrived at Saint Cloud before three o'clock in the morning.
+Monsieur had not had a moment's consciousness since his attack.  A ray of
+intelligence came to him for an instant, while his confessor, Pere du
+Trevoux, went to say mass, but it returned no more.  The most horrible
+sights have often ridiculous contrasts.  When the said confessor came
+back, he cried, "Monsieur, do you not know your confessor?  Do you not
+know the good little Pere du Trevoux, who is speaking to you?" and thus
+caused the less afflicted to laugh indecently.
+
+The King appeared much moved; naturally he wept with great facility; he
+was, therefore, all tears.  He had never had cause not to love his
+brother tenderly; although on bad terms with him for the last two months,
+these sad moments recalled all his tenderness; perhaps, too, he
+reproached himself for having hastened death by the scene of the morning.
+And finally, Monsieur was younger than he by two years, and all his life
+had enjoyed as good health as he, and better!  The King heard mass at
+Saint Cloud;  and, towards eight o'clock in the morning, Monsieur being
+past all hope, Madame de Maintenon and Madame la Duchesse de Bourgogne
+persuaded the King to stay no longer, and accordingly returned with him
+in his carriage to Marly.  As he was going out and was showing some sign
+of affection to M. de Chartres--both weeping very much--that young Prince
+did not fail to take advantage of the opportunity.  "Oh Sire!" he
+exclaimed, embracing the King's thighs, "what will become of me?  I lose
+Monsieur, and I know that you do not like me."  The King, surprised and
+much touched, embraced him, and said all the tender things he could.
+
+On arriving at Marly, the King went with the Duchesse de Bourgogne to
+Madame de Maintenon.  Three hours after came M. Fagon, who had been
+ordered not to leave Monsieur until he was dead or better--which could
+not be but by miracle.  The King said, as soon as he saw him: "Well!
+M. Fagon, my brother is dead?"--"Yes, Sire," said Fagon, "no remedy has
+taken effect."
+
+The King wept a good deal.  He was pressed to dine with Madame de
+Maintenon; but he would not do so, and had his dinner, as usual, with the
+ladies.  The tears often ran down his cheek, during the meal, which was
+short.  After this, he shut himself up in Madame de Maintenon's rooms
+until seven o'clock, and then took a turn in his garden.  Afterwards he
+worked with Chamillart and Pontchartrain; and arranged all the funeral
+ceremonies of Monsieur.  He supped an hour before his customary time, and
+went to bed soon afterwards.
+
+At the departure from St. Cloud of the King, all the crowd assembled
+there little by little withdrew, so that Monsieur dying, stretched upon a
+couch in his cabinet, remained exposed to the scullions and the lower
+officers of the household, the majority of whom, either by affection or
+interest, were much afflicted.  The chief officers and others who lost
+posts and pensions filled the air with their cries; whilst all the women
+who were at Saint Cloud, and who lost their consideration and their
+amusement, ran here and there, crying, with dishevelled hair, like
+Bacchantes.  The Duchesse de la Ferme, who had basely married her
+daughter to one of Monsieur's minions, named La Carte, came into the
+cabinet; and, whilst gazing on the Prince, who still palpitated there,
+exclaimed, giving vent to her profound reflections, "Pardi!  Here is a
+daughter well married!"
+
+"A very important matter!" cried Chatillon, who himself lost everything
+by this death.  "Is this a moment to consider whether your daughter is
+well married or not?"
+
+Madame, who had never had great affection or great esteem for Monsieur,
+but who felt her loss and her fall, meanwhile remained in her cabinet,
+and in the midst of her grief cried out, with all her might, "No convent!
+Let no one talk of a convent!  I will have nothing to do with a convent!"
+The good Princess had not lost her judgment.  She knew that, by her
+compact of marriage, she had to choose, on becoming a widow, between a
+convent and the chateau of Montargis.  She liked neither alternative; but
+she had greater fear of the convent than of Montargis; and perhaps
+thought it would be easier to escape from the latter than the former.
+She knew she had much to fear from the King, although she did not yet
+know all, and although he had been properly polite to her, considering
+the occasion.
+
+Next morning, Friday, M. de Chartres, came to the King, who was still in
+bed, and who spoke to him in a very friendly manner.  He said that the
+Duke must for the future regard him as his father; that he would take
+care of his position and his interests; that he had forgotten all the
+little causes of anger he had had against him; that he hoped the Duke
+would also forget them; that he begged that the advances of friendship he
+made, might serve to attach him to him, and make their two hearts belong
+to one another again.  It may easily be conceived how well M. de Chartres
+answered all this.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+After such a frightful spectacle as had been witnessed, so many tears and
+so much tenderness, nobody doubted that the three, days which remained of
+the stay at Marly would be exceedingly sad.  But, on the very morrow of
+the day on which Monsieur died, some ladies of the palace, upon entering
+the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, where was the King with the
+Duchesse de Bourgogne, about twelve o'clock, heard her from the chamber
+where they were, next to hers, singing opera tunes.  A little while
+after, the King, seeing the Duchesse de Bourgogne very sad in a corner of
+the room, asked Madame de Maintenon, with surprise, why the said Duchess
+was so melancholy; set himself to work to rouse her; then played with her
+and some ladies of the palace he had called in to join in the sport.
+This was not all.  Before rising from the dinner table, at a little after
+two o'clock, and twenty-six hours after the death of Monsieur,
+Monseigneur the Duc de Bourgogne asked the Duc de Montfort if he would
+play at brelan.
+
+"At brelan!" cried Montfort, in extreme astonishment; "you cannot mean
+it!  Monsieur is still warm."
+
+"Pardon me," replied the Prince, "I do mean it though.  The King does not
+wish that we should be dull here at Marly, and has ordered me to make
+everybody play; and, for fear that nobody should dare to begin, to set,
+myself, the example;" and with this he began to play at brelan; and the
+salon was soon filled with gaming tables.
+
+Such was the affection of the King: such that of Madame de Maintenon!
+She felt the loss of Monsieur as a deliverance, and could scarcely
+restrain her joy; and it was with the greatest difficulty she succeeded
+in putting on a mournful countenance.  She saw that the King was already
+consoled; nothing could therefore be more becoming than for her to divert
+him, and nothing suited her better than to bring things back into their
+usual course, so that there might be no more talk of Monsieur nor of
+affliction.  For propriety of appearance she cared nothing.  The thing
+could not fail, however, to be scandalous; and in whispers was found so.
+Monseigneur, though he had appeared to like Monsieur, who had given him
+all sorts of balls and amusements, and shown him every kind of attention
+and complaisance, went out wolf hunting the very day after his death;
+and, upon his return, finding play going on in the salons, went without
+hesitation and played himself like the rest.  Monseigneur le Duc de
+Bourgogne and M. le Duc de Berry only saw Monsieur on public occasions,
+and therefore could not be much moved by his loss.  But Madame la
+Duchesse was extremely touched by this event.  He was her grandfather;
+and she tenderly loved her mother, who loved Monsieur; and Monsieur had
+always been very kind to her, and provided all kinds of diversion for
+her.  Although not very loving to anybody, she loved Monsieur; and was
+much affected not to dare to show her grief, which she indulged a long
+time in private.  What the grief of Madame was has already been seen.
+
+As for M. de Chartres, he was much affected by his loss.  The father and
+son loved each other extremely.  Monsieur was a gentle and indulgent
+parent, who had never constrained his son.  But if the Duke's heart was
+touched, his reason also was.  Besides the great assistance it was to him
+to have a father, brother of the King, that father was, as it were,
+a barrier between him and the King, under whose hand he now found himself
+directly placed.  His greatness, his consideration, the comfort of his
+house and his life, would, therefore, depend on him alone.  Assiduity,
+propriety of conduct, a certain manner, and, above all, a very different
+deportment towards his wife, would now become the price of everything he
+could expect to obtain from the King.  Madame la Duchesse de Chartres,
+although well treated by Monsieur, was glad to be delivered from him; for
+he was a barrier betwixt her and the King, that left her at the mercy of
+her husband.  She was charmed to be quit of the duty of following
+Monsieur to Paris or Saint Cloud, where she found herself, as it were, in
+a foreign country, with faces which she never saw anywhere else, which
+did not make her welcome; and where she was exposed to the contempt and
+humour of Madame, who little spared her.  She expected for the future
+never to leave the Court, and to be not only exempt from paying her court
+to Monsieur, but that Madame and her husband would for the future be
+obliged to treat her in quite another manner.
+
+The bulk of the Court regretted Monsieur, for it was he who set all
+pleasure a-going; and when he left it, life and merriment seemed to have
+disappeared likewise.  Setting aside his obstinacy with regard to the
+Princes, he loved the order of rank; preferences, and distinctions: he
+caused them to be observed as much as possible, and himself set the
+example.  He loved great people; and was so affable and polite, that
+crowds came to him.  The difference which he knew how to make, and which
+he never failed to make, between every one according to his position,
+contributed greatly to his popularity.  In his receptions, by his greater
+or less, or more neglectful attention, and by his words, he always marked
+in a flattering manner the differences made by birth and dignity, by age
+and merit, and by profession; and all this with a dignity natural to him,
+and a constant facility which he had acquired.  His familiarity obliged,
+and yet no rash people ever ventured to take advantage of it.  He visited
+or sent exactly when it was proper; and under his roof he allowed a
+complete liberty, without injury to the respect shown him, or to a
+perfect court air.
+
+He had learned from the Queen his mother, and well remembered this art.
+The crowd, therefore, constantly flocked towards the Palais Royal.
+
+At Saint Cloud, where all his numerous household used to assemble, there
+were many ladies who, to speak the truth, would scarcely have been
+received elsewhere, but many also of a higher set, and great store of
+gamblers.  The pleasures of all kinds of games, and the singular beauty
+of the place, where a thousand caleches were always ready to whirl even
+the most lazy ladies through the walks, soft music and good cheer, made
+it a palace of delight, grace, and magnificence.
+
+All this without any assistance from Madame, who dined and supped with
+the ladies and Monsieur, rode out sometimes in a caleche with one of
+them, often sulked with the company, made herself feared for her harsh
+and surly temper--frequently even for her words; and passed her days in a
+little cabinet she had chosen, where the windows were ten feet from the
+ground, gazing perpetually on the portraits of Paladins and other German
+princes, with which she had tapestried the walls; and writing every day
+with her own hand whole volumes of letters, of which she always kept
+autograph copies.  Monsieur had never been able to bend her to a more
+human way of life; and lived decently with her, without caring for her
+person in any way.
+
+For his part, Monsieur, who had very gallantly won the battle of Cassel,
+and who had always shown courage in the sieges where he had served, had
+only the bad qualities that distinguish women.  With more knowledge of
+the world than wit, with no reading, though he had a vast and exact
+acquaintance with noble houses, their births and marriages, he was good
+for nothing.  Nobody was so flabby in body and mind, no one so weak,
+so timid, so open to deception, so led by the nose, so despised by his
+favourites, often so roughly treated by them.  He was quarrelsome in
+small matters, incapable of keeping any secret, suspicious, mistrustful;
+fond of spreading reports in his Court to make mischief, to learn what
+was really going on or just to amuse himself: he fetched and carried from
+one to the other.  With so many defects, unrelated to any virtue, he had
+such an abominable taste, that his gifts and the fortunes that he gave to
+those he took into favour had rendered him publicly scandalous.  He
+neither respected times nor places.  His minions, who owed him
+everything, sometimes treated him most insolently; and he had often much
+to do to appease horrible jealousies.  He lived in continual hot water
+with his favourites, to say nothing of the quarrels of that troop of
+ladies of a very decided character--many of whom were very malicious,
+and, most, more than malicious--with whom Monsieur used to divert
+himself, entering into all their wretched squabbles.
+
+The Chevaliers de Lorraine and Chatillon had both made a large fortune by
+their good looks, with which he was more smitten than with those of any
+other of his favourites.  Chatillon, who had neither head, nor sense, nor
+wit, got on in this way, and acquired fortune.  The other behaved like a
+Guisard, who blushes at nothing provided he succeeds; and governed
+Monsieur with a high hand all his life, was overwhelmed with money and
+benefices, did what he liked for his family, lived always publicly as the
+master with Monsieur; and as he had, with the pride of the Guises, their
+art and cleverness, he contrived to get between the King and Monsieur,
+to be dealt with gingerly, if not feared by both, and was almost as
+important a man with the one as with the other.  He had the finest
+apartments in the Palais Royal and Saint Cloud, and a pension of ten
+thousand crowns.  He remained in his apartments after the death of
+Monsieur, but would not from pride continue to receive the pension, which
+from pride was offered him.  Although it would have been difficult to be
+more timid and submissive than was Monsieur with the King--for he
+flattered both his ministers and his mistresses--he, nevertheless,
+mingled with his respectful demeanour the demeanour of a brother, and the
+free and easy ways of one.  In private, he was yet more unconstrained;
+always taking an armed chair, and never waiting until the King told him
+to sit.  In the Cabinet, after the King appeared, no other Prince sat
+besides him, not even Monseigneur.  But in what regarded his service, and
+his manner of approaching and leaving the King, no private person could
+behave with more respect; and he naturally did everything with grace and
+dignity.  He never, however, was able to bend to Madame de Maintenon
+completely, nor avoid making small attacks on her to the King, nor avoid
+satirising her pretty broadly in person.  It was not her success that
+annoyed him; but simply the idea that La Scarron had become his sister-
+in-law; this was insupportable to him.  Monsieur was extremely vain, but
+not haughty, very sensitive, and a great stickler for what was due to
+him.  Upon one occasion he complained to the King that M. le Duc had for
+some time neglected to attend upon him, as he was bound, and had boasted
+that he would not do it.  The King replied, that it was not a thing to be
+angry about, that he ought to seek an opportunity to be served by M. le
+Duc, and if he would not, to affront him.  Accordingly, one morning at
+Marly, as he was dressing, seeing M. le Duc walking in the garden,
+Monsieur opened the window and called to him.  Monsieur le Duc came up,
+and entered the room.  Then, while one remark was leading to another,
+Monsieur slipped off his dressing-gown, and then his shirt.  A valet de
+chambre standing by, at once slipped a clean shirt into the hands of M.
+le Duc, who, caught thus in a trap, was compelled to offer the garment to
+Monsieur, as it was his duty to do.  As soon as Monsieur had received it,
+he burst out laughing, and said--"Good-bye, cousin, go away.  I do not
+want to delay you longer."  M. le Duc felt the point of this, and went
+away very angry, and continued so in consequence of the high tone
+Monsieur afterwards kept up on the subject.
+
+Monsieur was a little round-bellied man, who wore such high-heeled shoes
+that he seemed mounted always upon stilts; was always decked out like a
+woman, covered everywhere with rings, bracelets, jewels; with a long
+black wig, powdered, and curled in front; with ribbons wherever he could
+put them; steeped in perfumes, and in fine a model of cleanliness.  He
+was accused of putting on an imperceptible touch of rouge.  He had a long
+nose, good eyes and mouth, a full but very long face.  All his portraits
+resembled him.  I was piqued to see that his features recalled those of
+Louis XIII., to whom; except in matters of courage, he was so completely
+dissimilar.
+
+On Saturday, the 11th of June, the Court returned to Versailles.  On
+arriving there the King went to visit Madame and her son and daughter-in-
+law separately.  Madame, very much troubled by reflection on her position
+with regard to the King, had sent the Duchesse de Ventadour to Madame de
+Maintenon.  The latter replied to the message only in general terms; said
+she would visit Madame after dinner, and requested that the Duchess might
+be present at the interview.  It was Sunday, the morning after the return
+from Marly.  After the first compliments, every one went out except
+Madame de Ventadour.  Then Madame requested Madame de Maintenon to sit
+down; and she must have felt her position keenly to bring her to this.
+
+She began the conversation by complaining of the indifference with which
+the King had treated her during her illness.  Madame de Maintenon allowed
+her to talk on; and when she had finished, said that the King had
+commanded her to say that their common loss effaced all the past,
+provided that he had reason to be better satisfied for the future, not
+only as regarded M. le Duc de Chartres, but other matters also.  Upon
+this Madame exclaimed and protested that, except in as far as regarded
+her son, she had never given cause for displeasure; and went on
+alternating complaints and justifications.  Precisely at the point when
+she was most emphatic, Madame de Maintenon drew forth a letter from her
+pocket and asked if the handwriting was known to her.  It was a letter
+from Madame to the Duchess of Hanover, in which she said, after giving
+news of the Court, that no one knew what to say of the intercourse
+between the King and Madame de Maintenon, whether it was that of marriage
+or of concubinage; and then, touching upon other matters, launched out
+upon the misery of the realm: that, she said, was too great to be
+relieved.  This letter had been opened at the post--as almost all letters
+were at that time, and are indeed still--and sent to the King.  It may be
+imagined that this was a thunderstroke to Madame: it nearly killed her.
+She burst into tears; and Madame de Maintenon very quietly and demurely
+began to represent to her the contents of the letter in all its parts,
+especially as it was addressed to a foreign country.  Madame de Ventadour
+interposed with some twaddle, to give Madame time to breathe and recover
+sufficiently to say something.  The best excuse was the admission of what
+could not be denied, with supplications for pardon, expressions of
+repentance, prayers, promises.  But Madame de Maintenon had not finished
+yet.  Having got rid of the commission she had been charged with by the
+King, she next turned to her own business: she asked Madame how it was,
+that after being so friendly with her a long time ago, she had suddenly
+ceased to bestow any regard upon her, and had continued to treat her with
+coldness ever since.  At this, Madame thinking herself quite safe, said
+that the coldness was on the part of Madame de Maintenon, who had all on
+a sudden discontinued the friendly intercourse which formerly existed
+between them.  As before, Madame de Maintenon allowed Madame to talk her
+fill before she replied.  She then said she was about to divulge a secret
+which had never escaped her mouth, although she had for ten years been at
+liberty to tell it; and she forthwith related a thousand most offensive
+things which had been uttered against her by Madame to the late Madame la
+Dauphine.  This latter, falling out with Madame, had related all these
+things to Madame de Maintenon, who now brought them forward triumphantly.
+
+At this new blow, Madame was thunderstruck, and stood like a statue.
+There was nothing for it but to behave as before--that is to say, shed
+tears, cry, ask pardon, humble herself, and beg for mercy.  Madame de
+Maintenon triumphed coldly over her for a long time,--allowing her to
+excite herself in talking, and weeping, and taking her hands, which she
+did with increasing energy and humility.  This was a terrible humiliation
+for such a haughty German.  Madame de Maintenon at last gave way, as she
+had always meant to do after having satiated her vengeance.  They
+embraced, promised forgetfulness on both sides, and a new friendship from
+that time.  The King, who was not ignorant of what had occurred, took
+back Madame into favour.  She went neither to a convent nor to Montargis,
+but was allowed to remain in Paris, and her pension was augmented.  As
+for M. le Duc de Chartres, he was prodigiously well treated.  The King
+gave him all the pensions Monsieur had enjoyed, besides allowing him to
+retain his own; so that he had one million eight hundred thousand livres
+a year; added to the Palais Royal, Saint Cloud, and other mansions.  He
+had a Swiss guard, which none but the sons of France had ever had before;
+in fact he retained all the privileges his father had enjoyed, and he
+took the name of Duc d'Orleans.  The pensions of Madame de Chartres were
+augmented.  All these honours so great and so unheard of bestowed on M.
+de Chartres, and an income of a hundred thousand crowns more than his
+father, were due solely to the quarrel which had recently taken place
+between Monsieur and the King, as to the marriage M. de Chartres had
+made.  People accustom themselves to everything, but this prodigious good
+fortune infinitely surprised everybody.  The Princes of the blood were
+extremely mortified.  To console them, the King immediately gave to M. le
+Prince all the advantages of a first Prince of the blood, and added ten
+thousand crowns to his pension.
+
+Madame wore deep mourning for forty days, after which she threw it almost
+entirely aside, with the King's permission.  He did not like to see such
+sad-looking things before his eyes every day.  Madame went about in
+public, and with the Court, in her half-mourning, under pretence that
+being with the King, and living under his roof, she was of the family.
+But her conduct was not the less thought strange in spite of this excuse.
+During the winter, as the King could not well go to the theatre, the
+theatre cane to him, in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, where
+comedies with music were played.  The King wore mourning for six months,
+and paid all the expenses of the superb funeral which took place on the
+13th of June.
+
+While upon the subject of Monsieur, I will relate an anecdote known to
+but few people, concerning the death of his first wife, Henriette
+d'Angleterre, whom nobody doubts was poisoned.  Her gallantries made
+Monsieur jealous; and his tastes made her furious.  His favourites, whom
+she hated, did all in their power to sow discord between them, in order
+to dispose of Monsieur at their will.  The Chevalier de Lorraine, then in
+the prime of his first youth (having been born in 1643) completely ruled
+over Monsieur, and made Madame feel that he had this power.  She,
+charming and young, could not suffer this, and complained to the King,
+so that M. de Lorraine was exiled.  When Monsieur heard this, he swooned,
+then melted into tears, and throwing himself at the feet of the King,
+implored him to recall M. de Lorraine.  But his prayers were useless,
+and, rushing away in fury, he retired into the country and remained there
+until, ashamed of a thing so publicly disgraceful, he returned to Paris
+and lived with Madame as before.
+
+Although M. de Lorraine was banished, two of his intimate friends,
+D'Effiat and the Count de Beuvron, remained in the household of Monsieur.
+The absence of M. de Lorraine nipped all their hopes of success, and made
+them fear that some other favourite might arrive from whom they could
+hope for nothing.  They saw no chance that M. de Lorraine's exile would
+speedily terminate; for Madame (Henriette d'Angleterre) was in greater
+favour with the King than ever, and had just been sent by him into
+England on a mysterious errand in which she had perfectly succeeded.
+She returned triumphant and very well in health.  This gave the last blow
+to the hopes of D'Effiat and Beuvron, as to the return of M. de Lorraine,
+who had gone to Italy to try to get rid of his vexation.  I know not
+which of the three thought of it first, but the Chevalier de Lorraine
+sent a sure and rapid poison to his two friends by a messenger who did
+not probably know what he carried.
+
+At Saint Cloud, Madame was in the habit of taking a glass of endive-
+water, at about seven o'clock in the evening.  A servant of hers used to
+make it, and then put it away in a cupboard where there was some ordinary
+water for the use of Madame if she found the other too bitter.  The
+cupboard was in an antechamber which served as the public passage by
+which the apartments of Madame were reached.  D'Effiat took notice of all
+these things, and on the 29th of June, 1670, he went to the ante-chamber;
+saw that he was unobserved and that nobody was near, and threw the poison
+into the endive-water; then hearing some one approaching, he seized the
+jug of common water and feigned to be putting it back in its place just
+as the servant, before alluded to, entered and asked him sharply what he
+was doing in that cupboard.  D'Effiat, without losing countenance, asked
+his pardon, and said, that being thirsty, and knowing there was some
+water in the cupboard, he could not resist drinking.  The servant
+grumbled; and D'Effiat, trying to appease him, entered the apartments of
+Madame, like the other courtiers, and began talking without the slightest
+emotion.
+
+What followed an hour afterwards does not belong to my subject, and has
+made only too much stir throughout all Europe.  Madame died on the
+morrow, June 30, at three o'clock in the morning; and the King was
+profoundly prostrated with grief.  Apparently during the day, some
+indications showed him that Purnon, chief steward of Madame, was in the
+secret of her decease.  Purnon was brought before him privately, and was
+threatened with instant death, unless he disclosed all; full pardon being
+on the contrary promised him if he did.  Purnon, thus pressed, admitted
+that Madame had been poisoned, and under the circumstance I have just
+related.  "And my brother," said the King, "did he know of this?"--
+"No, Sire, not one of us was stupid enough to tell him; he has no
+secrecy, he would have betrayed us."  On hearing this answer the King
+uttered a great "ah!" like a man oppressed, who suddenly breathes again.
+
+Purnon was immediately set at liberty; and years afterwards related this
+narrative to M. Joly de Fleury, procureur-general of the Parliament, by
+which magistrate it was related to me.  From this same magistrate I
+learned that, a few days before the second marriage of Monsieur, the King
+took Madame aside and told her that circumstance, assuring her that he
+was too honest a man to wish her to marry his brother, if that brother
+could be capable of such a crime.  Madame profited by what she heard.
+Purnon remained in her service; but after a time she pretended to find
+faults in him, and made him resign; he sold his post accordingly, towards
+the end of 1674, to Maurel de Vaulonne, and quitted her service.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+A the breaking out of the war in Italy this year Segur bought the
+government of the Foix country from Tallard, one of the generals called
+away to serve in that war.  Segur had been in his youth a very handsome
+fellow; he was at that time in the Black Musketeers, and this company was
+always quartered at Nemours while the Court was at Fontainebleau.  Segur
+played very well upon the lute; but found life dull, nevertheless, at
+Nemours, made the acquaintance of the Abbesse de la Joye, a place hard
+by, and charmed her ears and eyes so much that she became with child by
+him.  After some months the Abbess pleaded illness, left the convent, and
+set out for the waters, as she said.  Putting off her journey too long,
+she was obliged to stop a night at Fontainebleau; and in consequence of
+the Court being there, could find no accommodation, except in a wretched
+little inn already full of company.  She had delayed so long that the
+pangs of labour seized her in the night, and the cries she uttered
+brought all the house to her assistance.  She was delivered of a child
+then and there; and the next morning this fact was the talk of the town.
+
+The Duc de Saint Aignan, one of the first of the courtiers who learned
+it, went straight to the King, who was brisk and free enough in those
+days, and related to him what had occurred; the King laughed heartily at
+the poor Abbess, who, while trying to hide her shame, had come into the
+very midst of the Court.  Nobody knew then that her abbey was only four
+leagues distant, but everybody learned it soon, and the Duc de Saint
+Aignan among the first.
+
+When he returned to his house, he found long faces on every side.  His
+servants made signs one to another, but nobody said a word.  He perceived
+this, and asked what was the matter; but, for some time, no one dared to
+reply.  At last a valet-de-chambre grew bold enough to say to Saint
+Aignan, that the Abbess, whose adventure had afforded so much mirth, was
+his own daughter; and that, after he had gone to the King, she had sent
+for assistance, in order to get out of the place where she was staying.
+
+It was now the Duke's turn to be confused.  After having made the King
+and all the Court laugh at this adventure, he became himself the
+laughing-stock of everybody.  He bore the affair as well as he could;
+carried away the Abbess and her baggage; and, as the scandal was public,
+made her send in her resignation and hide herself in another convent,
+where she lived more than forty years.
+
+That worthy man, Saint-Herem, died this year at his house in Auvergne, to
+which he had retired.  Everybody liked him; and M. de Rochefoucauld had
+reproached the King for not making him Chevalier of the Order.  The King
+had confounded him with Courtine, his brother-in-law, for they had
+married two sisters; but when put right had not given the favour.
+
+Madame de Saint-Herem was the most singular creature in the world, not
+only in face but in manners.  She half boiled her thigh one day in the
+Seine, near Fontainebleau, where she was bathing.  The river was too
+cold; she wished to warm it, and had a quantity of water heated and
+thrown into the stream just above her.  The water reaching her before it
+could grow cold, scalded her so much that she was forced to keep her bed.
+
+When it thundered, she used to squat herself under a couch and make all
+her servants lie above, one upon the other, so that if the thunderbolt
+fell, it might have its effect upon them before penetrating to her.  She
+had ruined herself and her husband, though they were rich, through sheer
+imbecility; and it is incredible the amount of money she spent in her
+absurdities.
+
+The best adventure which happened to her, among a thousand others, was at
+her house in the Place Royale, where she was one day attacked by a
+madman, who, finding her alone in her chamber, was very enterprising.
+The good lady, hideous at eighteen, but who was at this time eighty and a
+widow, cried aloud as well as she could.  Her servants heard her at last,
+ran to her assistance, and found her all disordered, struggling in the
+hands of this raging madman.  The man was found to be really out of his
+senses when brought before the tribunal, and the story amused everybody.
+
+The health of the King of England (James II.), which had for some time
+been very languishing, grew weaker towards the middle of August of this
+year, and by the 8th of September completely gave way.  There was no
+longer any hope.  The King, Madame de Maintenon, and all the royal
+persons, visited him often.  He received the last sacrament with a piety
+in keeping with his past life, and his death was expected every instant.
+In this conjuncture the King made a resolve more worthy of Louis XII., or
+Francis I., than of his own wisdom.  On Tuesday, the 13th of September,
+he went from Marly to Saint Germain.  The King of England was so ill that
+when the King was announced to him he scarcely opened his eyes for an
+instant.  The King told him that he might die in peace respecting the
+Prince of Wales, whom he would recognise as King of England, Scotland,
+and Ireland.
+
+The few English who were there threw themselves upon their knees, but the
+King of England gave no signs of life.  The gratitude of the Prince of
+Wales and of his mother, when they heard what the King had said, may be
+imagined.  Returned to Marly, the King repeated to all the Court what he
+had said.  Nothing was heard but praises and applause.
+
+Yet reflections did not fail to be made promptly, if not publicly.  It
+was seen, that to recognise the Prince of Wales was to act in direct
+opposition to the recognition of the Prince of Orange as King of England,
+that the King had declared at the Peace of Ryswick.  It was to wound the
+Prince of Orange in the tenderest point, and to invite England and
+Holland to become allies of the Emperor against France.  As for the
+Prince of Wales, this recognition was no solid advantage to him, but was
+calculated to make the party opposed to him in England only more bitter
+and vigilant in their opposition.
+
+The King of England, in the few intervals of intelligence he had,
+appeared much impressed by what the King had done.  He died about three
+o'clock in the afternoon of the 16th September of this year, 1701.
+He had requested that there might he no display at his funeral, and his
+wish was faithfully observed.  He was buried on the Saturday, at seven
+o'clock in the evening, in the church of the English Benedictines at
+Paris, Rue St. Jacques, without pomp, and attended by but few mourners.
+His body rests in the chapel, like that of the simplest private person,
+until the time, apparently very distant, when it shall be transported to
+England.  His heart is at the Filles de Sainte Marie, of Chaillot.
+
+Immediately afterwards, the Prince of Wales was received by the King as
+King of England, with all the formalities and state with which his father
+before him had been received.  Soon afterwards he was recognised by the
+new King of Spain.
+
+The Count of Manchester, English ambassador in France, ceased to appear
+at Versailles after this recognition of the Prince of Wales by the King,
+and immediately quitted his post and left the country without any leave-
+taking.  King William heard, while in Holland, of the death of James II.
+and of this recognition.  He was at table with some German princes and
+other lords when the news arrived; did not utter a word, except to
+announce the death; but blushed, pulled down his hat, and could not keep
+his countenance.  He sent orders to London, to drive out Poussin, acting
+as French ambassador, immediately; and Poussin directly crossed the sea
+and arrived at Calais.
+
+This event was itself followed by the signing of the great treaty of
+alliance, offensive and defensive, against France and Spain, by Austria,
+England, and Holland; in which they afterwards succeeded in engaging
+other powers, which compelled the King to increase the number of his
+troops.
+
+Just after the return of the Court from Fontainebleau, a strange scene
+happened at St. Maur, in a pretty house there which M. le Duc possessed.
+He was at this house one night with five or six intimate friends, whom he
+had invited to pass the night there.  One of these friends was the Comte
+de Fiesque.  At table, and before the wine had begun to circulate, a
+dispute upon some historical point arose between him and M. le Duc.  The
+Comte de Fiesque, who had some intellect and learning, strongly sustained
+his opinion.  M. le Duc sustained his; and for want of better reasons,
+threw a plate at the head of Fiesque, drove him from the table and out of
+the house.  So sudden and strange a scene frightened the guests.  The
+Comte de Fiesque, who had gone to M. le Duc's house with the intention of
+passing the night there, had not retained a carriage, went to ask shelter
+of the cure, and got back to Paris the next day as early in the morning
+as he could.  It may be imagined that the rest of the supper and of the
+evening was terribly dull.  M. le Duc remained fuming (perhaps against
+himself, but without saying so), and could not be induced to apologise
+for the affront.  It made a great stir in society, and things remained
+thus several months.  After a while, friends mixed themselves in the
+matter; M. le Duc, completely himself again, made all the advances
+towards a reconciliation.  The Comte de Fiesque received them, and the
+reconciliation took place.  The most surprising thing is, that after this
+they continued on as good terms as though nothing had passed between
+them.
+
+The year 1702 commenced with balls at Versailles, many of which were
+masquerades.  Madame du Maine gave several in her chamber, always keeping
+her bed because she was in the family-way; which made rather a singular
+spectacle.  There were several balls at Marly, but the majority were not
+masquerades.  The King often witnessed, but in strict privacy, and always
+in the apartments of Madame de Maintenon, sacred dramas such as
+"Absalon," "Athalie," &c.  Madame la Duchesse de Bourgogne, M. le Duc
+d'Orleans, the Comte and Comtesse d'Anjou, the young Comte de Noailles,
+Mademoiselle de Melun, urged by the Noailles, played the principal
+characters in very magnificent stage dresses.  Baron, the excellent old
+actor, instructed them and played with them.  M. de Noailles and his
+clever wife were the inventors and promoters of these interior pleasures,
+for the purpose of intruding themselves more and more into the society of
+the King, in support of the alliance of Madame de Maintenon.
+
+Only forty spectators were admitted to the representations.  Madame was
+sometimes invited by the King, because she liked plays.  This favour was
+much sought after.  Madame de Maintenon wished to show that she had
+forgotten the past.
+
+Longepierre had written a very singular piece called "Electra," which was
+played on a magnificent stage erected in Madame de Conti's house, and all
+the Court flocked several times to see it.  This piece was without love,
+but full of other passions and of most interesting situations.  I think
+it had been written in the hopes that the King would go and see it.  But
+he contented himself with hearing it talked about, and the representation
+was confined to the Hotel de Conti.  Longepierre would not allow it to be
+given elsewhere.  He was an intriguing fellow of much wit, gentle,
+insinuating, and who, under a tranquillity and indifference and a very
+deceitful philosophy, thrust himself everywhere, and meddled with
+everything in order to make his fortune.  He succeeded in intruding
+himself into favour with the Duc d'Orleans, but behaved so badly that he
+was driven away.
+
+The death of the Abbe de Vatteville occurred at the commencement of this
+year, and made some noise, on account of the prodigies of the Abbe's
+life.  This Vatteville was the younger son of a Franche-Comte family;
+early in life he joined the Order of the Chartreux monks, and was
+ordained priest.  He had much intellect, but was of an impetuous spirit,
+and soon began to chafe under the yoke of a religious life.  He
+determined, therefore, to set himself free from it, and procured some
+secular habits, pistols, and a horse.  Just as he was about to escape
+over the walls of the monastery by means of a ladder, the prior entered
+his cell.
+
+Vatteville made no to-do, but at once drew a pistol, shot the prior dead,
+and effected his escape.
+
+Two or three days afterwards, travelling over the country and avoiding
+as much as possible the frequented places, he arrived at a wretched
+roadside inn, and asked what there was in the house.  The landlord
+replied--"A leg of mutton and a capon."--"Good!" replied our unfrocked
+monk; "put them down to roast."
+
+The landlord replied that they were too much for a single person, and
+that he had nothing else for the whole house.  The monk upon this flew
+into a passion, and declared that the least the landlord could do was to
+give him what he would pay for; and that he had sufficient appetite to
+eat both leg of mutton and capon.  They were accordingly put down to the
+fire, the landlord not daring to say another word.  While they were
+cooking, a traveller on horseback arrived at the inn, and learning that
+they were for one person, was much astonished.  He offered to pay his
+share to be allowed to dine off them with the stranger who had ordered
+this dinner; but the landlord told him he was afraid the gentleman would
+not consent to the arrangement.  Thereupon the traveller went upstairs,
+and civilly asked Vatteville if he might dine with him on paying half of
+the expense.  Vatteville would not consent, and a dispute soon arose
+between the two; to be brief, the monk served this traveller as he had
+served the prior, killed him with a pistol shot.  After this he went
+downstairs tranquilly, and in the midst of the fright of the landlord and
+of the whole house, had the leg of mutton and capon served up to him,
+picked both to the very bone, paid his score, remounted his horse, and
+went his way.
+
+Not knowing what course to take, he went to Turkey, and in order to
+succeed there, had himself circumcised, put on the turban, and entered
+into the militia.  His blasphemy advanced him, his talents and his colour
+distinguished him; he became Bacha, and the confidential man in the
+Morea, where the Turks were making war against the Venetians.  He
+determined to make use of this position in order to advance his own
+interests, and entering into communication with the generalissimo of the
+Republic, promised to betray into his hands several secret places
+belonging to the Turks, but on certain conditions.  These were,
+absolution from the Pope for all crimes of his life, his murders and his
+apostasy included; security against the Chartreux and against being
+placed in any other Order; full restitution of his civil rights, and
+liberty to exercise his profession of priest with the right of possessing
+all benefices of every kind.  The Venetians thought the bargain too good
+to be refused, and the Pope, in the interest of the Church, accorded all
+the demands of the Bacha.  When Vatteville was quite assured that his
+conditions would be complied with, he took his measures so well that he
+executed perfectly all he had undertaken.  Immediately after he threw
+himself into the Venetian army, and passed into Italy.  He was well
+received at Rome by the Pope, and returned to his family in Franche-
+Comte, and amused himself by braving the Chartreux.
+
+At the first conquest of the Franche-Comte, he intrigued so well with the
+Queen-mother and the ministry, that he was promised the Archbishopric of
+Besancon; but the Pope cried out against this on account of his murders,
+circumcision, and apostasy.  The King sided with the Pope, and Vatteville
+was obliged to be contented with the abbey of Baume, another good abbey
+in Picardy, and divers other advantages.
+
+Except when he came to the Court, where he was always received with great
+distinction, he remained at his abbey of Baume, living there like a grand
+seigneur, keeping a fine pack of hounds, a good table, entertaining
+jovial company, keeping mistresses very freely; tyrannising over his
+tenants and his neighbours in the most absolute manner.  The intendants
+gave way to him, and by express orders of the Court allowed him to act
+much as he pleased, even with the taxes, which he regulated at his will,
+and in his conduct was oftentimes very violent.  With these manners and
+this bearing, which caused him to be both feared and respected, he would
+often amuse himself by going to see the Chartreux, in order to plume
+himself on having quitted their frock.  He played much at hombre, and
+frequently gained 'codille' (a term of the game), so that the name of the
+Abbe Codille was given to him.  He lived in this manner always with the
+same licence and in the same consideration, until nearly ninety years of
+age.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+The changes which took place in the army after the Peace of Ryswick, were
+very great and very strange.  The excellence of the regiments, the merits
+of the officers, those who commanded, all were forgotten by Barbezieux,
+young and impetuous, whom the King allowed to act as he liked.  My
+regiment was disbanded, and my company was incorporated with that of
+Count d'Uzes, brother-in-law of Duras, who looked well after the
+interests of his relative.  I was thus deprived of command, without
+regiment, without company, and the only opportunity offered me was to
+serve in a regiment commanded by Saint Morris, where I should have been,
+as it were, at the lowest step of the ladder, with my whole military
+career to begin over again.
+
+I had served at the head of my regiment during four campaigns, with
+applause and reputation, I am bold enough to say it.  I thought therefore
+I was entitled to better treatment than this.  Promotions were made; five
+officers, all my juniors, were placed over my head.  I resolved then to
+leave the service, but not to take a rash step.  I consulted first with
+several friends before sending in my resignation.  All whom I consulted
+advised me to quit the service, but for a long time I could not resolve
+to do so.  Nearly three months passed, during which I suffered cruel
+anguish of mind from my irresolution.  I knew that if I left the army I
+should be certain to incur the anger of the King, and I do not hesitate
+to say that this was not a matter of indifference to me.  The King was
+always annoyed when anybody ceased to serve; he called it "quitting him;"
+and made his anger felt for a long time.  At last, however, I determined
+on my course of action.
+
+I wrote a short letter to the King, in which, without making any
+complaints, I said that as my health was not good (it had given me some
+trouble on different occasions) I begged to be allowed to quit his
+service, and said that I hoped I should be permitted to console myself
+for leaving the army by assiduously attending upon him at the Court:
+After despatching this letter I went away immediately to Paris.
+
+I learnt afterwards from my friends, that upon receiving my letter the
+King called Chamillart to him, and said with emotion: "Well!  Monsieur,
+here is another man who quits us!--" and he read my letter word for word.
+I did not learn that anything else escaped him.
+
+As for me, I did not return to Versailles for a whole week, or see the
+King again until Easter Monday.  After his supper that evening, and when
+about to undress himself, he paid me a distinction, a mere trifle I
+admit, and which I should be ashamed to mention if it did not under the
+circumstances serve as a characteristic of him.
+
+Although the place he undressed in was very well illuminated, the
+chaplain at the evening prayers there held in his hand a lighted candle,
+which he gave afterwards to the chief valet-de-chambre, who carried it
+before the King until he reached his arm-chair, and then handed it to
+whomever the King ordered him to give it to.  On this evening the King,
+glancing all around him, cast his eye upon me, and told the valet to give
+the candle to me.  It was an honour which he bestowed sometimes upon one,
+sometimes upon another, according to his whim, but which, by his manner
+of bestowing it, was always coveted, as a great distinction.  My surprise
+may be imagined when I heard myself named aloud for this office, not only
+on this but on many other occasions.  It was not that there was any lack
+of people of consideration to hold the candle; but the King was
+sufficiently piqued by my retirement not to wish everybody to see that
+he was so.
+
+For three years he failed not to make me feel to what extent he was angry
+with me.  He spoke to me no longer; he scarcely bestowed a glance upon
+me, and never once alluded to my letter.  To show that his annoyance did
+not extend to my wife, but that it was solely and wholly directed against
+me, he bestowed, about eight months after, several marks of favour upon
+Madame de Saint-Simon.  She was continually invited to the suppers at
+Trianon--an honour which had never before been granted her.  I only
+laughed at this.  Madame de Saint-Simon was not invited to Marly; because
+the husbands always, by right, accompanied their wives there, apartments
+being given for both.  At Trianon it was different.  Nobody was allowed
+to sleep there except those absolutely in attendance.  The King wished,
+therefore, the better to mark by this distinction that the exclusion was
+intended for me alone, and that my wife had no part in it.
+
+Notwithstanding this; I persevered in my ordinary assiduity, without ever
+asking to be invited to Marly, and lived agreeably with my wife and my
+friends.  I have thought it best to finish with this subject at once--now
+I must go back to my starting point.
+
+At the commencement of this year (1702) it seemed as though the
+flatterers of the King foresaw that the prosperity of his reign was at
+an end, and that henceforth they would only have to praise him for his
+constancy.  The great number of medals that had been struck on all
+occasions--the most ordinary not having been forgotten--were collected,
+engraved, and destined for a medallic history.  The Abbes Tallemant,
+Toureil, and Dacier, three learned members of the Academy, were charged
+with the explanation to be placed opposite each of these medals, in a
+large volume of the most magnificent impression of the Louvre.  As the
+history commenced at the death of Louis XIII., his medal was placed at
+the head of the book, and thus it became necessary to say something of
+him in the preface.
+
+As it was known that I had a correct knowledge of Louis XIII., I was
+asked to write that portion of the preface which related to him.  I
+consented to this, but on condition that I should be spared the ridicule
+of it in society, and that the matter should be faithfully kept secret.
+I wrote my theme then, which cost me little more than a morning, being of
+small extent.  I had the fate of authors: my writing was praised, and
+appeared to answer all expectations.  I congratulated myself, delighted
+at having devoted two or three hours to a grateful duty--for so I
+considered it.
+
+But when my essay was examined, the three gentlemen above-named were
+affrighted.  There are truths the unstudied simplicity of which emits a
+lustre which obscures all the results of an eloquence which exaggerates
+or extenuates; Louis XIII. furnished such proofs in abundance.  I had
+contented myself by showing them forth; but this picture tarnished those
+which followed--so at least it appeared to those who had gilded the
+latter.  They applied themselves, therefore, to cut out, or weaken,
+everything that might, by comparison, obscure their hero.  But as they
+found at last that it was not me they had to correct, but the thing
+itself, they gave up the task altogether, threw aside my writing, and
+printed the history without any notice whatever of Louis XIII. under his
+portrait--except to note that his death caused his son to ascend the
+throne.
+
+Reflections upon this kind of iniquity would carry me too far.
+
+In the early part of this year (1702), King William (of England), worn
+out before his time with labours and business, in which he had been
+engaged all his life, and which he had carried on with a capacity, an
+address, a superiority of genius that acquired for him supreme authority
+in Holland, the crown of England, the confidence, and, to speak the
+truth, the complete dictatorship of all Europe--except France;--King
+William, I say, had fallen into a wasting of strength and of health
+which, without attacking or diminishing his intellect, or causing him to
+relax the infinite labours of his cabinet, was accompanied by a
+deficiency of breath, which aggravated the asthma he had had for several
+years.  He felt his condition, and his powerful genius did not disavow
+it.  Under forged names he consulted the most eminent physicians of
+Europe, among others, Fagon; who, having to do, as he thought, with a
+cure, replied in all sincerity, and with out dissimulation, that he must
+prepare for a speedy death.  His illness increasing, William consulted
+Fagon, anew, but this time openly.  The physician recognised the malady
+of the cure--he did not change his opinion, but expressed it in a less
+decided manner, and prescribed with much feeling the remedies most likely
+if not to cure, at least to prolong.  These remedies were followed and
+gave relief; but at last the time had arrived when William was to feel
+that the greatest men finish like the humblest and to see the nothingness
+of what the world calls great destinies.
+
+He rode out as often as he could; but no longer having the strength to
+hold himself on horseback, received a fall, which hastened his end by the
+shock it gave him.  He occupied himself with religion as little as he had
+all his life.  He ordered everything, and spoke to his ministers and his
+familiars with a surprising tranquillity, which did not abandon him until
+the last moment.  Although crushed with pain, he had the satisfaction of
+thinking that he had consummated a great alliance, which would last after
+his death, and that it would strike the great blow against France, which
+he had projected.  This thought, which flattered him even in the hour of
+death, stood in place of all other consolation,--a consolation frivolous
+and cruelly deceitful, which left him soon the prey to eternal truths!
+For two days he was sustained by strong waters and spirituous liquors.
+His last nourishment was a cup of chocolate.  He died the 19th March,
+1702, at ten o'clock in the morning.
+
+The Princess Anne, his sister-in-law, wife of Prince George of Denmark,
+was at the same time proclaimed queen.  A few days after, she declared
+her husband Grand Admiral and Commander-in-Chief (generalissimo),
+recalled the Earl of Rochester, her maternal uncle, and the Earl of
+Sunderland, and sent the Count of Marlborough, afterwards so well known,
+to Holland to follow out there all the plans of his predecessor.
+
+The King did not learn this death until the Saturday morning following,
+by a courier from Calais.  A boat had escaped, in spite of the vigilance
+which had closed the ports.  The King was silent upon the news, except to
+Monseigneur and to Madame de Maintenon.  On the next day confirmation of
+the intelligence arrived from all parts.  The King no longer made a
+secret of it, but spoke little on the subject, and affected much
+indifference respecting it.  With the recollection of all the indecent
+follies committed in Paris during the last war, when it was believed that
+William had been killed at the battle of the Boyne in Ireland, the
+necessary precautions against falling into the same error were taken by
+the King's orders.
+
+The King simply declared that he would not wear mourning, and prohibited
+the Duc de Bouillon, the Marechal de Duras and the Marechal de Lorges,
+who were all related to William, from doing so--an act probably without
+example.  Nearly all England and the United Provinces mourned the loss of
+William.  Some good republicans alone breathed again with joy in secret,
+at having recovered their liberty.  The grand alliance was very sensibly
+touched by this loss, but found itself so well cemented, that the spirit
+of William continued to animate it; and Heinsius, his confidant,
+perpetuated it, and inspired all the chiefs of the republic, their allies
+and their generals, with it, so that it scarcely appeared that William
+was no more.
+
+I have related, in its proper place, all that happened to Catinat in
+Italy, when the schemes of Tesse and M. de Vaudemont caused him to be
+dismissed from the command of the army.  After the signing of the
+alliance against France by the Emperor, England, and Holland, the war
+took a more extended field.  It became necessary to send an army to the
+Rhine.  There was nothing for it but to have recourse to Catinat.
+
+Since his return from Italy, he had almost always lived at his little
+house of Saint Gratien, beyond Saint Denis, where he bore with wisdom the
+injury that had been done him and the neglect he had experienced upon his
+return, surrounded by his family and a small number of friends.
+Chamillart one day sent for him, saying that he had the King's order to
+talk with him.  Catinat went accordingly to Chamillart, from whom he
+learned that he was destined for the Rhine; he refused the command, and
+only accepted it after a long dispute, by the necessity of obedience.
+
+On the morrow, the 11th of March, the King called Catinat into his
+cabinet.  The conversation was amiable on the part of the King, serious
+and respectful on the part of Catinat.  The King, who perceived this,
+wished to make him speak about Italy, and pressed him to explain what had
+really passed there.  Catinat excused himself, saying that everything
+belonged to the past, and that it was useless now to rake up matters
+which would give him a bad opinion of the people who served him, and
+nourish eternal enmity.  The King admired the sagacity and virtue of
+Catinat, but, wishing to sound the depths of certain things, and discover
+who was really to blame, pressed him more and more to speak out;
+mentioning certain things which Catinat had not rendered an account of,
+and others he had been silent upon, all of which had come to him from
+other sources.
+
+Catinat, who, by his conversation of the previous evening with
+Chamillart, suspected that the King would say something to him, had
+brought his papers to Versailles.  Sure of his position, he declared that
+he had not in any way failed to render account to Chamillart or to the
+King, and detailed the very things that had just been mentioned to him.
+He begged that a messenger might be despatched in order to search his
+cassette, in which the proofs of what he had advanced could be seen,
+truths that Chamillart, if present, he said, would not dare to disavow.
+The King took him at his word, and sent in search of Chamillart.
+
+When he arrived, the King related to him the conversation that had just
+taken place.  Chamillart replied with an embarrassed voice, that there
+was no necessity to wait for the cassette of Catinat, for he admitted
+that the accusation against him was true in every respect.  The King,
+much astonished, reproved him for his infidelity in keeping silence upon
+these comments, whereby Catinat had lost his favour.
+
+Chamillart, his eyes lowered, allowed the King to say on; but as he felt
+that his anger was rising; said.  "Sire, you are right; but it is not my
+fault."
+
+"And whose is it, then?" replied the King warmly.  "Is it mine?"
+
+"Certainly not, Sire," said Chamillart, trembling; "but I am bold enough
+to tell you, with the most exact truth, that it is not mine."
+
+The King insisting, Chamillart was obliged to explain, that having shown
+the letters of Catinat to Madame de Maintenon, she had commanded him to
+keep them from his Majesty, and to say not a syllable about them.
+Chamillart added, that Madame de Maintenon was not far off, and
+supplicated the King to ask her the truth of this matter.
+
+In his turn, the King was now more embarrassed than Chamillart; lowering
+his voice, he said that it was inconceivable how Madame de Maintenon felt
+interested in his comfort, and endeavoured to keep from him everything
+that might vex him, and without showing any more displeasure, turned to
+Marshal Catinat, said he was delighted with an explanation which showed
+that nobody was wrong; addressed several gracious remarks to the Marshal;
+begged him to remain on good terms with Chamillart, and hastened to quit
+them and enter into his private cabinet.
+
+Catinat, more ashamed of what he had just heard and seen than pleased
+with a justification so complete, paid some compliments to Chamillart,
+who, out of his wits at the perilous explanation he had given, received
+them, and returned them as well as he could.  They left the cabinet soon
+after, and the selection of Catinat by the King for the command of the
+army of the Rhine was declared.
+
+Reflections upon this affair present themselves of their, own accord.
+The King verified what had been said that very evening with Madame de
+Maintenon.  They were only on better terms than ever in consequence.  She
+approved of Chamillart for avowing all; and this minister was only the
+better treated afterwards by the King and by Madame de Maintenon.
+
+As for Catinat, he took the command he had been called to, but did not
+remain long in it.  The explanations that had passed, all the more
+dangerous because in his favour, were not of a kind to prove otherwise
+than hurtful to him.  He soon resigned his command, finding himself too
+much obstructed to do anything, and retired to his house of Saint
+Gratien, near Saint Denis, which he scarcely ever left, and where he saw
+only a few private friends, sorry that he had ever left it, and that he
+had listened to the cajoleries of the King.
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+A King's son, a King's father, and never a King
+Capacity was small, and yet he believed he knew everything
+He was accused of putting on an imperceptible touch of rouge
+Monseigneur, who had been out wolf-hunting
+Never been able to bend her to a more human way of life
+Spoke only about as much as three or four women
+Supported by unanswerable reasons that did not convince
+The most horrible sights have often ridiculous contrasts
+The nothingness of what the world calls great destinies
+Whatever course I adopt many people will condemn me
+
+
+
+
+End of this Project Gutenberg Etext of Memoirs of Louis XIV. and The Regency,
+v3, by the Duc de Saint-Simon
+
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