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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Health, by John Brown
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Health
+       Five Lay Sermons to Working-People
+
+Author: John Brown
+
+Release Date: October 5, 2011 [EBook #37640]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEALTH ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Matthew Wheaton
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    He is not far from every one of us. For in Him we live
+    and move not less than in Him we have our being.
+
+            "Out of darkness comes the hand
+    Reaching through nature,--moulding man."
+
+
+
+
+    _HEALTH:_
+
+    FIVE LAY SERMONS TO WORKING-PEOPLE.
+
+    BY
+
+    JOHN BROWN, M.D.
+
+
+    BOSTON:
+    JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY,
+    _Late Ticknor and Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co._
+    1877.
+
+
+    _Affectionately inscribed to the memory of the_ REV. JAMES
+    TRENCH, _the heart and soul of the Canongate Mission, who, while
+    he preached a pure and a fervent gospel to its heathens, taught
+    them also and therefore to respect and save their health, and
+    was the Originator and Keeper of their Library and Penny Bank,
+    as well as their Minister._
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+Three of these sermons were written for, and (shall I say?) preached
+some years ago, in one of the earliest missionary stations in Edinburgh,
+established by Broughton Place Congregation, and presided over at that
+time by the Reverend James Trench; one of the best human beings it was
+ever my privilege to know. He is dead; dying in and of his work,--from
+typhus fever caught at the bedside of one of his poor members--but he
+lives in the hearts of many a widow and fatherless child; and lives
+also, I doubt not, in the immediate vision of Him to do whose will was
+his meat and his drink. Given ten thousand such men, how would the
+crooked places be made straight, and the rough places plain, the
+wildernesses of city wickedness, the solitary places of sin and despair,
+of pain and shame, be made glad! This is what is to regenerate mankind;
+this is the leaven that some day is to leaven the lump.
+
+The other two sermons were never preached, except in print; but they
+were composed in the same key. I say this not in defence, but in
+explanation. I have tried to speak to working men and women from my lay
+pulpit, in the same words, with the same voice, with the same thoughts I
+was in the habit of using when doctoring them. This is the reason of
+their plain speaking. There is no other way of reaching these sturdy and
+weather and work-beaten understandings; there is nothing fine about them
+outside, though they are often as white in the skin under their clothes
+as a duchess, and their hearts as soft and tender as Jonathan's, or as
+Rachel's, or our own Grizel Baillie's; but you must speak out to them,
+and must not be mealy-mouthed if you wish to reach their minds and
+affections and wills. I wish the gentlefolks could hear and could use a
+little more of this outspokenness; and, as old Porson said, condescend
+to call a spade a spade, and not a horticultural implement; five letters
+instead of twenty-two, and more to the purpose.
+
+You see, my dear working friends, I am great upon sparing your strength
+and taking things cannily. "All very well," say you; "it is easy
+speaking, and saying, Take it easy; but if the pat's on the fire it maun
+bile." It must, but you needn't poke up the fire forever, and you may
+now and then set the kettle on the hob, and let it sing, instead of
+leaving it to burn its bottom out.
+
+I had a friend who injured himself by overwork. One day I asked the
+servant if any person had called, and was told that some one had. "Who
+was it?" "O, it's the little gentleman that _aye rins when he walks_!"
+So I wish this age would walk more and "rin" less. A man can walk
+farther and longer than he can run, and it is poor saving to get out of
+breath. A man who lives to be seventy, and has ten children and (say)
+five-and-twenty grandchildren, is of more worth to the state than three
+men who die at thirty, it is to be hoped unmarried. However slow a coach
+seventy may have been, and however energetic and go-ahead the three
+thirties, I back the tortoise against the hares in the long run.
+
+I am constantly seeing men who suffer, and indeed die, from living too
+fast; from true though not consciously immoral dissipation or scattering
+of their lives. Many a man is bankrupt in constitution at forty-five,
+and either takes out a _cessio_ of himself to the grave, or goes on
+paying ten per cent for his stock-in-trade; he spends his capital
+instead of merely spending what he makes, or better still, laying up a
+purse for the days of darkness and old age. A queer man, forty years
+ago,--Mr. Slate, or, as he was called, _Sclate_, who was too clever and
+not clever enough, and had not wisdom to use his wit, always scheming,
+full of "go," but never getting on,--was stopped by his friend, Sir
+Walter Scott,--that wonderful friend of us all, to whom we owe Jeanie
+Deans and Rob Roy, Meg Merrilies and Dandie Dinmont, Jinglin' Geordie,
+Cuddie Headrigg, and the immortal Baillie,--one day in Princess Street.
+"How are ye getting on, Sclate?" "Oo, just the auld thing, Sir Walter;
+_ma pennies a' gang on tippenny eerands_." And so it is with our nervous
+power, with our vital capital, with the pence of life; many of them go
+on "tippenny eerands." We are forever getting our bills renewed, till
+down comes the poor and damaged concern with dropsy or consumption,
+blazing fever, madness, or palsy. There is a Western Banking system in
+living, in using our bodily organs, as well as in paper-money. But I am
+running off into another sermon.
+
+Health of mind and body, next to a good conscience, is the best blessing
+our Maker can give us, and to no one is it more immediately valuable
+than to the laboring man and his wife and children; and indeed a good
+conscience is just moral health, the wholeness of the sense and the
+organ of duty; for let us never forget that there is a religion of the
+body, as well as, and greatly helpful of, the religion of the soul. We
+are to glorify God in our souls and in our bodies, for the best of all
+reasons, _because they are his_, and to remember that at last we must
+give account, not only of our thoughts and spiritual desires and acts,
+but _all the deeds done in our body_. A husband who, in the morning
+before going to his work, would cut his right hand off sooner than
+injure the wife of his bosom, strangles her that same night when mad
+with drink; that is a deed done in his body, and truly by his body, for
+his judgment is gone; and for that he must give an account when his name
+is called; his judgment was gone; but then, as the child of a drunken
+murderer said to me, "A' but, sir, wha goned it?" I am not a teetotaler.
+I am against teetotalism as a doctrine of universal application; I think
+we are meant to use these things as not abusing them,--this is one of
+the disciplines of life; but I not the less am sure that drunkenness
+ruins men's bodies,--it is not for me to speak of souls,--is a greater
+cause of disease and misery, poverty, crime, and death among the
+laboring men and women of our towns, than consumption, fever, cholera,
+and all their tribe, with thieving and profligacy and improvidence
+thrown into the bargain: these slay their thousands; this its tens of
+thousands. Do you ever think of the full meaning of "he's the waur o'
+drink?" How much the waur?--and then "dead drunk,"--"mortal." Can there
+be anything more awfully significant than these expressions you hear
+from children in the streets?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+You will see in the woodcut a good illustration of the circulation of
+the blood: both that through our lungs, by which we breathe and burn,
+and that through the whole body, by which we live and build. That hand
+grasps the heart, the central depot, with its valves opening out and in,
+and, by its contraction and relaxation, makes the living fluid circulate
+everywhere, carrying in strength, life, and supply to all, and carrying
+off waste and harm. None of you will be the worse of thinking of that
+hand as His who makes, supports, moves, and governs all things,--that
+hand which, while it wheels the rolling worlds, gathers the lambs with
+his arm, carries them in his bosom, and gently leads those that are with
+young, and which was once nailed for "our advantage on the bitter
+cross."
+
+                                                               J. B.
+    23 RUTLAND STREET,
+    December 16, 1861.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+    Preface
+
+    SERMON I. THE DOCTOR: OUR DUTIES TO HIM
+
+       "  II. THE DOCTOR: HIS DUTIES TO YOU
+
+       " III. CHILDREN, AND HOW TO GUIDE THEM
+
+       "  IV. HEALTH
+
+       "   V. MEDICAL ODDS AND ENDS
+
+
+
+
+HEALTH.
+
+
+
+
+SERMON I.
+
+THE DOCTOR: OUR DUTIES TO HIM.
+
+
+Everybody knows the Doctor; a very important person he is to us all.
+What could we do without him? He brings us into this world, and tries to
+keep us as long in it as he can, and as long as our bodies can hold
+together; and he is with us at that strange and last hour which will
+come to us all, when we must leave this world and go into the next.
+
+When we are well, we perhaps think little about the Doctor, or we have
+our small joke at him and his drugs; but let anything go wrong with our
+body, that wonderful tabernacle in which our soul dwells, let any of its
+wheels go wrong, then off we fly to him. If the mother thinks her
+husband or her child dying, how she runs to him, and urges him with her
+tears! how she watches his face, and follows his searching eye, as he
+examines the dear sufferer; how she wonders what he thinks,--what would
+she give to know what he knows! how she wearies for his visit! how a
+cheerful word from him makes her heart leap with joy, and gives her
+spirit and strength to watch over the bed of distress! Her whole soul
+goes out to him in unspeakable gratitude when he brings back to her from
+the power of the grave her husband or darling child. The Doctor knows
+many of our secrets, of our sorrows, which no one else knows,--some of
+our sins, perhaps, which the great God alone else knows; how many cares
+and secrets, how many lives, he carries in his heart and in his hands!
+So you see he is a very important person the Doctor, and we should do
+our best to make the most of him, and to do our duty to him and to
+ourselves.
+
+A thinking man feels often painfully what a serious thing it is to be a
+doctor, to have the charge of the lives of his fellow-mortals, to stand,
+as it were, between them and death and eternity and the judgment-seat,
+and to fight hand to hand with Death. One of the best men and greatest
+physicians that ever lived, Dr. Sydenham, says, in reference to this,
+and it would be well if all doctors, young and old, would consider his
+words:--
+
+"It becomes every man who purposes to give himself to the care of
+others, seriously to consider the four following things: _First_, That
+he must one day give an account to the Supreme Judge of all the lives
+intrusted to his care. _Secondly_, That all his skill and knowledge and
+energy, as they have been given him by God, so they should be exercised
+for his glory and the good of mankind, and not for mere gain or
+ambition. _Thirdly_, and not more beautifully than truly, Let him
+reflect that he has undertaken the care of no mean creature, for, in
+order that we may estimate the value, the greatness of the human race,
+the only begotten Son of God became himself a man, and thus ennobled it
+with his divine dignity, and, far more than this, died to redeem it; and
+_Fourthly_, That the Doctor, being himself a mortal man, should be
+diligent and tender in relieving his suffering patients, inasmuch as he
+himself must one day be a like sufferer."
+
+I shall never forget a proof I myself got twenty years ago, how serious
+a thing it is to be a doctor, and how terribly in earnest people are
+when they want him. It was when cholera first came here in 1832. I was
+in England at Chatham, which you all know is a great place for ships and
+sailors. This fell disease comes on generally in the night; as the Bible
+says, "it walks in darkness," and many a morning was I roused at two
+o'clock to go and see its sudden victims, for then is its hour and
+power. One morning a sailor came to say I must go three miles down the
+river to a village where it had broken out with great fury. Off I set.
+We rowed in silence down the dark river, passing the huge hulks, and
+hearing the restless convicts turning in their beds in their chains.
+The men rowed with all their might: they had too many dying or dead at
+home to have the heart to speak to me. We got near the place; it was
+very dark, but I saw a crowd of men and women on the shore, at the
+landing-place. They were all shouting for the Doctor; the shrill cries
+of the women, and the deep voices of the men coming across the water to
+me. We were near the shore, when I saw a big old man, his hat off, his
+hair gray, his head bald; he said nothing, but turning them all off with
+his arm, he plunged into the sea, and before I knew where I was, he had
+me in his arms. I was helpless as an infant. He waded out with me,
+carrying me high up in his left arm, and with his right levelling every
+man or woman who stood in his way.
+
+It was Big Joe carrying me to see his grandson, little Joe; and he bore
+me off to the poor convulsed boy, and dared me to leave him till he was
+better. He did get better, but Big Joe was dead that night. He had the
+disease on him when he carried me away from the boat, but his heart was
+set upon his boy. I never can forget that night, and how important a
+thing it was to be able to relieve suffering, and how much Old Joe was
+in earnest about having the Doctor.
+
+Now, I want you to consider how important the Doctor is to you. Nobody
+needs him so much as the poor and laboring man. He is often ill. He is
+exposed to hunger and wet and cold, and to fever, and to all the
+diseases of hard labor and poverty. His work is heavy, and his heart is
+often heavy, too, with misery of all kinds,--his heart weary with its
+burden,--his hands and limbs often meeting with accidents,--and you know
+if the poor man, if one of you falls ill and takes fever, or breaks his
+leg, it is a far more serious thing than with a richer man. Your health
+and strength are all you have to depend on; they are your
+stock-in-trade, your capital. Therefore I shall ask you to remember
+_four things_ about your duty to the Doctor, so as to get the most good
+out of him, and do the most good to him too.
+
+_1st_, It is your duty to trust the Doctor;
+
+_2dly_, It is your duty to obey the Doctor;
+
+_3dly_, It is your duty to speak the truth to the Doctor, the whole
+truth, and nothing but the truth; and,
+
+_4thly_, It is your duty to reward the Doctor.
+
+And so now for the _first_. It is your duty to _trust_ the Doctor, that
+is, to believe in him. If you were in a ship, in a wild storm, and among
+dangerous rocks, and if you took a pilot on board, who knew all the
+coast and all the breakers, and had a clear eye, and a firm heart, and a
+practised hand, would you not let him have his own way? would you think
+of giving him your poor advice, or keep his hand from its work at the
+helm? You would not be such a fool, or so uncivil, or so mad. And yet
+many people do this very same sort of thing, just because they don't
+really trust their Doctor; and a doctor is a pilot for your bodies when
+they are in a storm and in distress. He takes the helm, and does his
+best to guide you through a fever; but he must have fair play; he must
+be trusted even in the dark. It is wonderful what cures the very sight
+of a doctor will work, if the patient believes in him; it is half the
+battle. His very face is as good as a medicine, and sometimes
+better,--and much pleasanter too.
+
+One day a laboring man came to me with indigestion. He had a sour and
+sore stomach, and heartburn, and the water-brash, and wind, and colic,
+and wonderful misery of body and mind. I found he was eating bad food,
+and too much of it; and then, when its digestion gave him pain, he took
+a glass of raw whiskey. I made him promise to give up his bad food and
+his worse whiskey, and live on pease-brose and sweet milk, and I wrote
+him a prescription, as we call it, for some medicine, and said, "Take
+_that_, and come back in a fortnight and you will be well." He did come
+back, hearty and hale;--no colic, no sinking at the heart, a clean
+tongue, and a cool hand, and a firm step, and a clear eye, and a happy
+face. I was very proud of the wonders my prescription had done; and
+having forgotten what it was, I said, "Let me see what I gave you."
+"O," says he, "I took it." "Yes," said I, "but the prescription." "_I
+took it_, as you bade me. I swallowed it." He had actually eaten the bit
+of paper, and been all that the better of it; but it would have done him
+little, at least less good had he not trusted me when I said he would be
+better, and attended to my rules.
+
+So, take my word for it, and trust your Doctor; it is his due, and it is
+for your own advantage. Now, our next duty is to _obey_ the Doctor. This
+you will think is simple enough. What use is there in calling him in, if
+we don't do what he bids us? and yet nothing is more common--partly from
+laziness and sheer stupidity, partly from conceit and suspiciousness,
+and partly, in the case of children, from false kindness and
+indulgence--than to disobey the Doctor's orders. Many a child have I
+seen die from nothing but the mother's not liking to make her swallow a
+powder, or put on a blister; and let me say, by the by, teach your
+children at once to obey you, and take the medicine. Many a life is lost
+from this, and remember you may make even Willie Winkie take his
+castor-oil in spite of his cries and teeth, _by holding his nose_, so
+that he must swallow.
+
+_Thirdly, You should tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but
+the truth_, to your Doctor. He may be never so clever, and never so
+anxious, but he can no more know how to treat a case of illness without
+knowing all about it, than a miller can make meal without corn; and many
+a life have I seen lost from the patient or his friends concealing
+something that was true, or telling something that was false. The
+silliness of this is only equal to its sinfulness and its peril.
+
+I remember, in connection with that place where Big Joe lived and died,
+a singular proof of the perversity of people in not telling the Doctor
+the truth,--as you know people are apt to send for him in cholera when
+it is too late, when it is a death rather than a disease. But there is
+an early stage, called premonitory,--or warning,--when medicines can
+avail. I summoned all the people of that fishing-village who were well,
+and told them this, and asked them if they had any of the symptoms. They
+all denied having any (this is a peculiar feature in that terrible
+disease, they are afraid to _let on_ to themselves, or even the Doctor,
+that they are "in for it"), though from their looks and from their going
+away while I was speaking, I knew they were not telling the truth. Well,
+I said, "You must, at any rate, every one of you take some of this,"
+producing a bottle of medicine. I will not tell you what it was, as you
+should never take drugs at your own hands, but it is simple and cheap. I
+made every one take it; only one woman going away without taking any;
+she was the only one of all those _who died_.
+
+_Lastly, It is your duty to reward_ your Doctor. There are four ways of
+rewarding your Doctor. The first is by giving him your money; the second
+is by giving him your gratitude; the third is by your doing his bidding;
+and the fourth is by speaking well of him, giving him a good name,
+recommending him to others. Now, I know few if any of you can pay your
+Doctor, and it is a great public blessing that in this country you will
+always get a good Doctor willing to attend you for nothing, and this
+_is_ a great blessing; but let me tell you,--I don't think I need tell
+you,--try and pay him, be it ever so little. It does you good as well as
+him; it keeps up your self-respect; it raises you in your own eye, in
+your neighbor's, and, what is best, in your God's eye, because it is
+doing what is right. The "man of independent mind," be he never so poor,
+is "king of men for a' that"; ay, and "for twice and mair than a' that";
+and to pay his way is one of the proudest things a poor man can say, and
+he may say it oftener than he thinks he can. And then let me tell you,
+as a bit of cool, worldly wisdom, that your Doctor will do you all the
+more good, and make a better job of your cure, if he gets something,
+some money for his pains; it is human nature and common sense, this. It
+is wonderful how much real kindness and watching and attendance and
+cleanliness you may get _for so many shillings a week_. Nursing is a
+much better article at that,--much,--than at _nothing_ a week. But I
+pass on to the other ways of paying or rewarding your Doctor, and, above
+all, _to gratitude_.
+
+Honey is not sweeter in your mouths, and light is not more pleasant to
+your eyes, and music to your ears, and a warm, cosey bed is not more
+welcome to your wearied legs and head, than is the honest, deep
+gratitude of the poor to the young Doctor. It is his glory, his reward;
+he fills himself with it, and wraps himself all round with it as with a
+cloak, and goes on in his work, happy and hearty; and the gratitude of
+the poor is worth the having, and worth the keeping, and worth the
+remembering. Twenty years ago I attended old Sandie Campbell's wife in a
+fever, in Big Hamilton's Close in the Grassmarket,--two worthy, kindly
+souls they were and are. (Sandie is dead now.) By God's blessing, the
+means I used saved "oor Kirsty's" life, and I made friends of these two
+forever; Sandie would have fought for me if need be, and Kirsty would do
+as good. I can count on them as my friends, and when I pass the
+close-mouth in the West Port, where they now live, and are thriving,
+keeping their pigs, and their hoary old cuddie and cart, I get a
+courtesy from Kirsty, and see her look after me, and turn to the women
+beside her, and I know exactly what she is saying to them about "Dr.
+Broon." And when I meet old Sandie, with his ancient and long-lugged
+friend, driving the draff from the distillery for his swine, I see his
+gray eye brighten and glisten, and he looks up and gives his manly and
+cordial nod, and goes on his way, and I know that he is saying to
+himself, "God bless him! he saved my Kirsty's life," and he runs back in
+his mind all those twenty past years, and lays out his heart on all he
+remembers, and that does him good and me too, and nobody any ill.
+Therefore, give your gratitude to your Doctor, and remember him, like
+honest Sandie; it will not lose its reward and it costs you nothing; it
+is one of those things you can give and never be a bit the poorer, but
+all the richer.
+
+One person I would earnestly warn you against, and that is the _Quack
+Doctor_. If the real Doctor is a sort of God of healing, or rather our
+God's cobbler for the body, the Quack is the Devil for the body, or
+rather the Devil's servant against the body. And like his father, he is
+a great liar and cheat. He offers you what he cannot give. Whenever you
+see a medicine that cures everything, be sure it cures nothing; and
+remember, it may kill. The Devil promised our Saviour all the kingdoms
+of the world if he would fall down and worship him; now this was a lie,
+he could not give him any such thing. Neither can the Quack give you his
+kingdoms of health, even though you worship him as he best likes, by
+paying him for his trash; he is dangerous and dear, and often
+deadly,--have nothing to do with him.
+
+We have our duties to one another, yours to me, and mine to you: but we
+have all our duty to one else,--to Almighty God, who is beside us at
+this very moment--who followed us all this day, and knew all we did and
+didn't do, what we thought and didn't think,--who will watch over us all
+this night,--who is continually doing us good,--who is waiting to be
+gracious to us,--who is the great Physician, whose saving health will
+heal all our diseases, and redeem our life from destruction, and crown
+us with loving-kindness and tender mercies,--who can make death the
+opening into a better life, the very gate of heaven; that same death
+which is to all of us the most awful and most certain of all things, and
+at whose door sits its dreadful king, with that javelin, that sting of
+his, which is sin, our own sin. Death would be nothing without sin, no
+more than falling asleep in the dark to awake to the happy light of the
+morning. Now, I would have you think of your duty to this great God, our
+Father in heaven; and I would have you to remember that it is your duty
+to trust him, to believe in him. If you do not, your soul will be
+shipwrecked, you will go down in terror and in darkness.
+
+It is your duty to _obey_ him. Whom else in all this world should you
+obey, if not him? and who else so easily pleased, if we only do obey?
+It is your duty to speak the truth to him, not that he needs any man to
+tell him anything. He knows everything about everybody; nobody can keep
+a secret from him. But he hates lies; he abhors a falsehood. He is the
+God of truth, and must be dealt honestly with, in sincerity and godly
+fear; and, lastly, you must in a certain sense _reward_ him. You cannot
+give him money, for the silver and gold, the cattle upon a thousand
+hills, are all his already, but you can give him your grateful lives;
+you can give him your hearts; and as old Mr. Henry says, "Thanksgiving
+is good, but thanks-living is better."
+
+One word more; you should call your Doctor early. It saves time; it
+saves suffering; it saves trouble; it saves life. If you saw a fire
+beginning in your house, you would put it out as fast as you could. You
+might perhaps be able to blow out with your breath what in an hour the
+fire-engine could make nothing of. So it is with disease and the Doctor.
+A disease in the morning when beginning is like the fire beginning; a
+dose of medicine, some simple thing, may put it out, when if left alone,
+before night it may be raging hopelessly, like the fire if left alone,
+and leaving your body dead and in the ruins in a few hours. So, call in
+the Doctor soon; it saves him much trouble, and may save you your life.
+
+And let me end by asking you to call in the Great Physician; to call him
+instantly, to call him in time; there is not a moment to lose. He is
+waiting to be called; he is standing at the door. But he must be
+_called_,--he may be called too late.
+
+
+
+
+SERMON II.
+
+THE DOCTOR: HIS DUTIES TO YOU.
+
+
+You remember our last sermon was mostly about your duties to the Doctor.
+I am now going to speak about his duties to you; for you know it is a
+law of our life, that there are no one-sided duties,--they are all
+double. It is like shaking hands, there must be two at it; and both of
+you ought to give a hearty grip and a hearty shake. You owe much to
+many, and many owe much to you. The Apostle says, "Owe no man anything
+but to love one another"; but if you owe that, you must be forever
+paying it; it is always due, always running on; and the meanest and most
+helpless, the most forlorn, can always pay and be paid in that coin, and
+in paying can buy more than he thought of. Just as a farthing candle,
+twinkling out of a cotter's window, and, it may be, guiding the gudeman
+home to his wife and children, sends its rays out into the infinite
+expanse of heaven, and thus returns, as it were, the light of the
+stars, which are many of them suns. You cannot pass any one on the
+street to whom you are not bound by this law. If he falls down, you help
+to raise him. You do your best to relieve him, and get him home; and let
+me tell you, to your great gain and honor, the poor are far more ready
+and better at this sort of work than the gentlemen and ladies. You do
+far more for each other than they do. You will share your last loaf; you
+will sit up night after night with a neighbor you know nothing about,
+just because he is your neighbor, and you know what it is to be
+neighbor-like. You are more natural and less selfish than the fine
+folks. I don't say you are better, neither do I say you are worse; that
+would be a foolish and often mischievous way of speaking. We have all
+virtues and vices and advantages peculiar to our condition. You know the
+queer old couplet,--
+
+    "Them what is rich, them rides in chaises;
+    Them what is poor, them walks like blazes."
+
+If you were well, and not in a hurry, and it were cold, would you not
+much rather "walk like blazes" than ride listless in your chaise? But
+this I know, for I have seen it, that according to their means, the poor
+bear one another's burdens far more than the rich.
+
+There are many reasons for this, outside of yourselves, and there is no
+need of your being proud of it or indeed of anything else; but it is
+something to be thankful for, in the midst of all your hardships, that
+you in this have more of the power and of the luxury of doing immediate,
+visible good. You pay this debt in ready-money, as you do your meal and
+your milk; at least you have very short credit, and the shorter the
+better. Now, the Doctor has his duties to you, and it is well that he
+should know them, and that you should know them too; for it will be long
+before you and he can do without each other. You keep each other alive.
+Disease, accidents, pain, and death reign everywhere, and we call one
+another _mortals_, as if our chief peculiarity was that we must die, and
+you all know how death came into this world. "By one man sin entered the
+world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all
+have sinned"; and disease, disorder, and distress are the fruits of sin,
+as truly as that apple grew on that forbidden tree. You have nowadays
+all sorts of schemes for making bad men good, and good men better. The
+world is full of such schemes, some of them wise and some foolish; but
+to be wise they must all go on the principle of lessening misery by
+lessening _sin_; so that the old weaver at Kilmarnock, who at a meeting
+for abolishing slavery, the corn laws, and a few more things, said, "Mr.
+Preses, I move that we abolish Original Sin," was at least beginning at
+the right end. Only fancy what a world it would be, what a family any of
+ours would be, when everybody did everything that was right, and nothing
+that was wrong, say for a week! The world would not know itself. It
+would be inclined to say with the "wee bit wifiekie," though reversing
+the cause, "This is no me." I am not going to say more on this point. It
+is not my parish. But you need none of you be long ignorant of who it is
+who has abolished death, and therefore vanquished sin.
+
+Well, then, it is the duty of the Doctor in the first place, to _cure
+us_; in the second, _to be kind to us_; in the third, to be _true to
+us_; in the fourth, to keep _our secrets_; in the fifth, to _warn us_,
+and, best of all, to _forewarn us_; in the sixth, to _be grateful to
+us_; and, in the last, to _keep his time and his temper_.
+
+And, _first_, it is the duty of the Doctor to _cure_ you,--if he can.
+That is what we call him in for; and a doctor, be he never so clever and
+delightful, who doesn't cure, is like a mole-catcher who can't catch
+moles, or a watchmaker who can do everything but make your watch go. Old
+Dr. Pringle of Perth, when preaching in the country, found his shoes
+needed mending, and he asked the brother whom he was assisting to tell
+him of good cobbler, or as he called him, a _snab_. His friend mentioned
+a "Tammas Rattray, a godly man, and an elder." "But," said Dr. Pringle,
+in his snell way, "can he mend my shoon? that's what I want; I want a
+shoemaker; I'm not wanting an elder." It turned out that Tammas was a
+better elder than a shoemaker. A doctor was once attending a poor woman
+in labor; it was a desperate case, requiring a cool head and a firm
+will; the good man--for he _was_ good--had neither of these, and, losing
+his presence of mind, gave up the poor woman as lost, and retired into
+the next room to pray for her. Another doctor, who, perhaps, wanted what
+the first one had, and certainly had what he wanted, brains and courage,
+meanwhile arrived, and called out, "Where is Doctor ----?" "O, he has
+gone into the next room to pray!" "Pray! tell him to come here this
+moment, and help me; he can work and pray too"; and with his assistance
+the snell doctor saved that woman's life. This, then, is the Doctor's
+first duty to you,--to cure you,--and for this he must, in the first
+place, be up to his business; he must know what to do, and, secondly, he
+must be able to do it; he must not merely do as a pointer dog does,
+stand and say, "There it is," and no more, he must point and shoot too.
+And let me tell you, moreover, that unless a man likes what he is at,
+and is in earnest, and sticks to it, he will no more make a good doctor
+than a good anything else. Doctoring is not only a way for a man to do
+good by curing disease, and to get money to himself for doing this, but
+it is also a study which interests for itself alone, like geology, or
+any other science; and moreover it is a way to fame and the glory of the
+world; all these four things act upon the mind of the Doctor, but unless
+the first one is uppermost, his patient will come off second-best with
+him; he is not the man for your lives or for your money.
+
+They tell a story, which may not be word for word true, but it has truth
+and a great principle in it, as all good stories have. It is told of one
+of our clever friends, the French, who are so knowing in everything. A
+great French doctor was taking an English one round the wards of his
+hospital; all sort of miseries going on before them, some dying, others
+longing for death, all ill; the Frenchman was wonderfully eloquent about
+all their diseases, you would have thought he saw through them, and knew
+all their secret wheels like looking into a watch or into a glass
+beehive. He told his English friend what would be seen in such a case,
+_when the body was opened_! He spent some time in this sort of work, and
+was coming out, full of glee, when the other doctor said: "But, Doctor
+----, you haven't _prescribed_ for these cases." "O, neither I have!"
+said he, with a grumph and a shrug; "I quite forgot _that_"; that being
+the one thing why these poor people were there, and why he was there
+too. Another story of a Frenchman, though I dare say we could tell it of
+ourselves. He was a great professor, and gave a powerful poison as a
+medicine for an ugly disease of the skin. He carried it very far, so as
+to weaken the poor fellow, who died, just as the last vestige of the
+skin disease died too. On looking at the dead body, quite smooth and
+white, and also quite dead, he said, "Ah, never mind; he was _dead
+cured_."
+
+So let me advise you, as, indeed, your good sense will advise
+yourselves, to test a Doctor by this: Is he in earnest? Does he speak
+little and do much? Does he make your case his first care? He may, after
+that, speak of the weather, or the money-market; he may gossip, and even
+_haver_; or he may drop, quietly and shortly, some "good words,"--the
+fewer the better; something that causes you to think and feel; and may
+teach you to be more of the Publican than of the Pharisee, in that story
+you know of, when they two went up to the temple to pray; but, generally
+speaking, the Doctor should, like the rest of us, stick to his trade and
+mind his business.
+
+_Secondly_, It is the Doctor's duty to be _kind_ to you. I mean by this,
+not only to speak kindly, but to _be_ kind, which includes this and a
+great deal more, though a kind word, as well as a merry heart, does good
+like a medicine. Cheerfulness, or rather cheeriness, is a great thing in
+a Doctor; his very foot should have "music in't, when he comes up the
+stair." The Doctor should never lose his power of pitying pain, and
+letting his patient see this and feel it. Some men, and they are often
+the best at their proper work, can let their hearts come out only
+through their eyes; but it is not the less sincere, and to the point;
+you can make your mouth say what is not true; you can't do quite so much
+with your eyes. A Doctor's eye should command, as well as comfort and
+cheer his patient; he should never let him think disobedience or despair
+possible. Perhaps you think Doctors get hardened by seeing so much
+suffering; this is not true. Pity as a motive, as well as a feeling
+ending in itself, is stronger in an old Doctor than in a young, so he be
+made of the right stuff. He comes to know himself what pain and sorrow
+mean, what their weight is, and how grateful he was or is for relief and
+sympathy.
+
+_Thirdly_, It is his duty to be _true_ to you. True in word and in deed.
+He ought to speak nothing but the truth, as to the nature, and extent,
+and issues of the disease he is treating; but he is not bound, as I said
+you were, to tell _the whole truth_,--that is for his own wisdom and
+discretion to judge of; only, never let him tell an untruth, and let him
+be honest enough, when he can't say anything definite, to say nothing.
+It requires some courage to confess our ignorance, but it is worth it.
+As to the question, often spoken of,--telling a man he is dying,--the
+Doctor must, in the first place, be sure the patient is dying; and,
+secondly, that it is for his good, bodily and mental, to tell him so: he
+should almost always warn the friends, but, even here, cautiously.
+
+_Fourthly_, It is his duty to _keep your secrets_. There are things a
+Doctor comes to know and is told which no one but he and the Judge of
+all should know; and he is a base man, and unworthy to be in such a
+noble profession as that of healing, who can betray what he knows must
+injure, and in some cases may ruin.
+
+_Fifthly_, It is his duty to _warn_ you against what is injuring your
+health. If he finds his patient has brought disease upon himself by sin,
+by drink, by overwork, by over-eating, by over-anything, it is his duty
+to say so plainly and firmly, and the same with regard to the treatment
+of children by their parents; the family doctor should forewarn them; he
+should explain, as far as he is able and they can comprehend them, the
+Laws of Health, and so tell them how to _prevent disease_, as well as do
+his best to _cure_ it. What a great and rich field there is here for our
+profession, if they and the public could only work well together! In
+this, those queer, half-daft, half-wise beings, the Chinese, take a
+wiser way; they pay their Doctor for keeping them well, and they stop
+his pay as long as they are ill!
+
+_Sixthly_, It is his duty to be _grateful_ to you; 1st, for employing
+him, whether you pay him in money or not, for a Doctor, worth being
+one, makes capital, makes knowledge, and therefore power, out of every
+case he has; 2dly, for obeying him and getting better. I am always very
+much obliged to my patients for being so kind as to be better, and for
+saying so; for many are ready enough to say they are worse, not so many
+to say they are better, even when they are; and you know our Scotch way
+of saying, "I'm no that ill," when "I" is in high health, or, "I'm no
+ony waur," when "I" is much better. Don't be niggards in this; it cheers
+the Doctor's heart, and it will lighten yours.
+
+_Seventhly_, and lastly, It is the Doctor's duty _to keep his time and
+his temper_ with you. Any man or woman who knows how longed for a
+doctor's visit is, and counts on it to a minute, knows how wrong, how
+painful, how angering it is for the Doctor not to keep his time. Many
+things may occur, for his urgent cases are often sudden, to put him out
+of his reckoning; but it is wonderful what method, and real
+consideration, and a strong will can do in this way. I never found Dr.
+Abercrombie a minute after or _before_ his time (both are bad, though
+one is the worser), and yet if I wanted him in a hurry, and stopped his
+carriage in the street, he could always go with me at once; he had the
+knack and the principle of being true in his times, for it is often a
+matter of _truth_. And the Doctor must keep his _temper_: this is often
+worse to manage than even his time, there is so much unreason, and
+ingratitude, and peevishness, and impertinence, and impatience, that it
+is very hard to keep one's tongue and eye from being angry: and
+sometimes the Doctor does not only well, but the best, when he is
+downrightly angry, and astonishes some fool, or some insolent, or some
+untruth doing or saying patient; but the Doctor should be patient with
+his patients, he should bear with them, knowing how much they are at the
+moment suffering. Let us remember Him who is full of compassion, whose
+compassion never fails; whose tender mercies are new to us every
+morning, as his faithfulness is every night; who healed all manner of
+diseases, and was kind to the unthankful and the evil; what would become
+of us, if he were as impatient with us as we often are with each other?
+If you want to be impressed with the Almighty's infinite loving-kindness
+and tender mercy, his forbearance, his long-suffering patience, his
+slowness to anger, his Divine ingeniousness in trying to find it
+possible to spare and save, think of the Israelites in the desert, and
+read the chapter where Abraham intercedes with God for Sodom, and these
+wonderful "peradventures."
+
+But I am getting tedious, and keeping you and myself too long, so good
+night. Let the Doctor and you be honest and grateful, and kind and
+cordial, in one word, dutiful to each other, and you will each be the
+better of the other.
+
+I may by and by say a word or two to you on your _Health_, which is your
+wealth, that by which you are and do well, and on your _Children_, and
+how to guide it and them.
+
+
+
+
+SERMON III.
+
+CHILDREN, AND HOW TO GUIDE THEM.
+
+
+Our text at this time is Children and their treatment, or as it sounds
+better to our ears, Bairns, and how to guide them. You all know the
+wonder and astonishment there is in a house among its small people when
+a baby is born; how they stare at the new arrival with its red face.
+Where does it come from? Some tell them it comes from the garden, from a
+certain kind of cabbage; some from "Rob Rorison's bonnet," of which wha
+hasna heard? some from that famous wig of Charlie's, in which the cat
+kittled, when there was three o' them leevin', and three o' them dead;
+and you know the Doctor is often said to bring the new baby in his
+pocket; and many a time have my pockets been slyly examined by the
+curious youngsters,--especially the girls!--in hopes of finding another
+baby. But I'll tell you where all the babies come from; _they all come
+from_ _God_; his hand made and fashioned them; he breathed into their
+nostrils the breath of life,--of his life. He said, "Let this little
+child be," and it was. A child is a true creation; its soul, certainly,
+and in a true sense, its body too. And as our children came from him, so
+they are going back to him, and he lends them to us as keepsakes; we are
+to keep and care for them for his sake. What a strange and sacred
+thought this is! Children are God's gifts to us, and it depends on our
+guiding of them, not only whether they are happy here, but whether they
+are happy hereafter in that great unchangeable eternity, into which you
+and I and all of us are fast going. I once asked a little girl, "Who
+made you?" and she said, holding up her apron as a measure, "God make me
+that length, and I growed the rest myself." Now this, as you know, was
+not quite true, for she could not grow one half-inch by herself. God
+makes us grow as well as makes us at first. But what I want you to fix
+in your minds is, that children come from God, and are returning to him,
+and that you and I, who are parents, have to answer to him for the way
+we behave to our dear children,--the kind of care we take of them.
+
+Now, a child consists, like ourselves, of a body and a soul. I am not
+going to say much about the guiding of the souls of children,--that is a
+little out of my line,--but I may tell you that the soul, especially in
+children, depends much, for its good and for its evil, for its happiness
+or its misery, upon the kind of body it lives in: for the body is just
+the house that the soul dwells in; and you know that, if a house be
+uncomfortable, the tenant of it will be uncomfortable and out of sorts;
+if its windows let the rain and wind in, if the chimney smoke, if the
+house be damp, and if there be a want of good air, then the people who
+live in it will be miserable enough; and if they have no coals, and no
+water, and no meat, and no beds, then you may be sure it will soon be
+left by its inhabitants. And so, if you don't do all you can to make
+your children's bodies healthy and happy, their souls will get miserable
+and cankered and useless, their tempers peevish; and if you don't feed
+and clothe them right, then their poor little souls will leave their
+ill-used bodies,--will be starved out of them; and many a man and woman
+have had their tempers, and their minds and hearts, made miseries to
+themselves, and all about them, just from a want of care of their bodies
+when children.
+
+There is something very sad, and, in a true sense, very unnatural, in an
+unhappy child. You and I, grown-up people, who have cares, and have had
+sorrows and difficulties and sins, may well be dull and sad sometimes;
+it would be still sadder, if we were not often so; but children should
+be always either laughing and playing, or eating and sleeping. Play is
+their business. You cannot think how much useful knowledge, and how much
+valuable bodily exercise, a child teaches itself in its play; and look
+how merry the young of other animals are: the kitten making fun of
+everything, even of its sedate mother's tail and whiskers; the lambs,
+running races in their mirth; even the young asses,--the
+baby-cuddie,--how pawky and droll and happy he looks with his fuzzy
+head, and his laughing eyes, and his long legs, stot, stotting after
+that venerable and _sair nauden-doun lady_, with the long ears, his
+mother. One thing I like to see, is a child clean in the morning. I like
+to see its plump little body well washed, and sweet and _caller_ from
+top to bottom. But there is another thing I like to see, and that is a
+child dirty at night. I like a _steerin' bairn_,--goo-gooin', crowing
+and kicking, keeping everybody alive. Do you remember William Miller's
+song of "Wee Willie Winkie?" Here it is. I think you will allow,
+especially you who are mothers, that it is capital.
+
+    "Wee Willie Winkie
+      Rins through the toun,
+    Up stairs an' doon stairs
+      In his nicht-goun,
+    Tirlin' at the window,
+      Crying at the lock,
+    'Are the weans in their bed,
+      For it's noo ten o'clock?'
+
+    "'Hey Willie Winkie,
+      Are ye comin' ben!
+    The cat's singin' gray thrums
+      To the sleepin' hen,
+    The dog's speldert on the floor,
+      And disna gi'e a cheep,
+    But here's a waakrife laddie!
+      That winna fa' asleep.'
+
+    "'Onything but sleep, you rogue!
+      Glow'rin' like the moon!
+    Rattlin' in an airn jug
+      Wi' an airn spoon,
+    Rumblin', tumblin' roun' about,
+      Crawin' like a cock,
+    Skirlin' like a kenna-what,
+      Wauk'nin' sleepin' folk.
+
+    "'Hey, Willie Winkie,
+      The wean's in a creel!
+    Wamblin' aff a bodie's knee
+      Like a verra eel,
+    Ruggin' at the cat's lug,
+      And ravelin' a' her thrums,--
+    Hey, Willie Winkie,--
+      See, there he comes!'
+
+    "Wearied is the mither
+      That has a stoorie wean,
+    A wee stumpie stousie,
+      Wha canna rin his lane,
+    That has a battle aye wi' sleep
+      Afore he'll close an e'e,--
+    But ae kiss frae aff his rosy lips
+      Gi'es strength anew to me."
+
+Is not this good? first-rate! The cat singin' gray thrums, and the wee
+stumpie stousie, ruggin' at her lug, and ravlin' a' her thrums; and
+then what a din he is making!--rattlit' in an airn jug wi' an airn
+spoon, skirlin' like a kenna-what, and ha'in' a battle aye wi' sleep.
+What a picture of a healthy and happy child!
+
+Now, I know how hard it is for many of you to get meat for your
+children, and clothes for them, and bed and bedding for them at night,
+and I know how you have to struggle for yourselves and them, and how
+difficult it often is for you to take all the care you would like to do
+of them, and you will believe me when I say, that it is a far greater
+thing, because a far harder thing, for a poor, struggling, and it may be
+weakly woman in your station, to bring up her children comfortably, than
+for those who are richer; but still you may do a great deal of good at
+little cost either of money or time or trouble. And it is well-wared
+pains; it will bring you in two hundred percent in real comfort, and
+profit, and credit; and so you will, I am sure, listen good-naturedly to
+me, when I go over some plain and simple things about the health of your
+children.
+
+To begin with their _heads_. You know the head contains the brain, which
+is the king of the body, and commands all under him; and it depends on
+his being good or bad whether his subjects,--the legs, and arms, and
+body, and stomach, and our old friends the bowels, are in good order and
+happy, or not. Now, first of all, keep the head cool. Nature has given
+it a nightcap of her own in the hair, and it is the best. And keep the
+head clean. Give it a good scouring every Saturday night at the least;
+and if it get sore and scabbit, the best thing I know for it is to wash
+it with soft soap (black soap), and put a big cabbage-blade on it every
+night. Then for the _lungs_, or _lichts_,--the bellows that keep the
+fire of life burning,--they are very busy in children, because a child
+is not like grown-up folk, merely keeping itself up. It is doing this,
+and growing too; and so it eats more, and sleeps more, and breathes more
+in proportion than big folk. And to carry on all this business it must
+have fresh air, and lots of it. So, whenever it can be managed, a child
+should have a good while every day in the open air, and should have
+well-aired places to sleep in. Then for their _nicht-gowns_, the best
+are long flannel gowns; and children should be always more warmly clad
+than grown-up people,--cold kills them more easily. Then there is the
+_stomach_, and as this is the kitchen and great manufactory, it is
+almost always the first thing that goes wrong in children, and generally
+as much from too much being put in, as from its food being of an
+injurious kind. A baby, for nine months after it is born, should have
+almost nothing but its mother's milk. This is God's food, and it is the
+best and the cheapest, too. If the baby be healthy it should be weaned
+or spained at nine or ten months; and this should be done gradually,
+giving the baby a little gruel, or new milk, and water and sugar, or
+thin bread-berry once a day for some time, so as gradually to wean it.
+This makes it easier for mother as well as baby. No child should get
+meat or hard things till it gets teeth to chew them, and no baby should
+ever get a drop of whiskey, or any strong drink, unless by the Doctor's
+orders. Whiskey, to the soft, tender stomach of an infant, is like
+vitriol to ours; it is a burning poison to its dear little body, as it
+may be a burning poison and a curse to its never-dying soul. As you
+value your children's health of body, and the salvation of their souls,
+never give them a drop of whiskey; and let mothers, above all others,
+beware of drinking when nursing. The whiskey passes from their stomachs
+into their milk, and poisons their own child. This is a positive fact.
+And think of a drunk woman carrying and managing a child! I was once,
+many years ago, walking in Lothian Street, when I saw a woman staggering
+along very drunk. She was carrying a child; it was lying over her
+shoulder. I saw it slip, slippin' farther and farther back. I ran, and
+cried out; but before I could get up, the poor little thing, smiling
+over its miserable mother's shoulder, fell down, like a stone, on its
+head on the pavement; it gave a gasp, and turned up its blue eyes, and
+had a convulsion, and its soul was away to God, and its little soft,
+waefu' body lying dead, and its idiotic mother grinning and staggering
+over it, half seeing the dreadful truth, then forgetting it, and
+cursing and swearing. That was a sight! so much misery, and wickedness,
+and ruin. It was the young woman's only child. When she came to herself,
+she became mad, and is to this day a drivelling idiot, and goes about
+forever seeking for her child, and cursing the woman who killed it. This
+is a true tale, too true.
+
+There is another practice which I must notice, and that is giving
+children laudanum to make them sleep, and keep them quiet, and for
+coughs and windy pains. Now, this is a most dangerous thing. I have
+often been called in to see children who were dying, and who did die,
+from laudanum given in this way. I have known four drops to kill a child
+a month old; and ten drops one a year old. The best rule, and one you
+should stick to, as under God's eye as well as the law's, is, never to
+give laudanum without a Doctor's line or order. And when on this
+subject, I would also say a word about the use of opium and laudanum
+among yourselves. I know this is far commoner among the poor in
+Edinburgh than is thought. But I assure you, from much experience, that
+the drunkenness and stupefaction from the use of laudanum is even worse
+than that from whiskey. The one poisons and makes mad the body; the
+other, the laudanum, poisons the mind, and makes it like an idiot's. So,
+in both matters beware; death is in the cup, murder is in the cup, and
+poverty and the workhouse, and the gallows, and an awful future of pain
+and misery,--all are in the cup. These are the wages the Devil pays his
+servants with for doing his work.
+
+But to go back to the bairns. At first a word on our old friends, the
+bowels. Let them alone as much as you can. They will put themselves and
+keep themselves right, if you take care to prevent wrong things going
+into the stomach. No sour apples, or raw turnips or carrots; no sweeties
+or tarts, and all that kind of abomination; no tea, to draw the sides of
+their tender little stomachs together; no whiskey, to kill their
+digestion; no _Gundy_, or _Taffy_, or _Lick_, or _Black Man_, or _Jib_;
+the less sugar and sweet things the better; the more milk and butter and
+fat the better; but plenty of plain, halesome food, parritch and milk,
+bread and butter, potatoes and milk, good broth,--kail as we call it.
+You often hear of the wonders of cod-liver oil, and they are wonders;
+poor little wretches who have faces like old puggies, and are all belly
+and no legs, and are screaming all day and all night too,--these poor
+little wretches under the cod-liver oil, get sonsy, and rosy, and fat,
+and happy, and strong. Now, this is greatly because the cod-liver oil is
+capital _food_. If you can't afford to get cod-liver oil for delicate
+children, or if they reject it, give them plain olive oil, a
+tablespoonful twice a day, and take one to yourself, and you will be
+astonished how you will both of you thrive.
+
+Some folk will tell you that children's feet should be always kept warm.
+I say no. No healthy child's feet are warm; but the great thing is to
+keep the body warm. That is like keeping the fire good, and the room
+will be warm. The chest, the breast, is the place where the fire of the
+body,--the heating apparatus,--is, and if you keep it warm, and give
+_it_ plenty of fuel, which is fresh air and good food, you need not mind
+about the feetikins, they will mind themselves; indeed, for my own part,
+I am so ungenteel as to think bare feet and bare legs in summer the most
+comfortable wear, costing much less than leather and worsted, the only
+kind of soles that are always fresh. As to the moral training of
+children, I need scarcely speak to you. What people want about these
+things is, not knowledge, but the will to do what is right,--what they
+know to be right, and the moral power to do it.
+
+Whatever you wish your child to be, be it yourself. If you wish it to be
+happy, healthy, sober, truthful, affectionate, honest, and godly, be
+yourself all these. If you wish it to be lazy and sulky, and a liar, and
+a thief, and a drunkard, and a swearer, be yourself all these. As the
+old cock crows, the young cock learns. You will remember who said,
+"Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will
+not depart from it." And you may, as a general rule, as soon expect to
+gather grapes from thorns, and figs from thistles, as get good,
+healthy, happy children from diseased and lazy and wicked parents.
+
+Let me put you in mind, seriously, of one thing that you ought to get
+done to all your children, and that is, to have them vaccinated, or
+inoculated with the cow-pock. The best time for this is two months after
+birth, but better late than never, and in these times you need never
+have any excuse for its not being done. You have only to take your
+children to the Old or the New Town Dispensaries. It is a real crime, I
+think, in parents to neglect this. It is cruel to their child, and it is
+a crime to the public. If every child in the world were vaccinated,
+which might be managed in few years, that loathsome and deadly disease,
+the small-pox, would disappear from the face of the earth; but many
+people are so stupid, and so lazy, and so prejudiced, as to neglect this
+plain duty, till they find to their cost that it is too late. So promise
+me, all seriously in your hearts, to see to this if it is not done
+already, and see to it immediately.
+
+Be always frank and open with your children. Make them trust you and
+tell you all their secrets. Make them feel at ease with you, and make
+_free_ with them. There is no such good plaything for grown-up children
+like you and me as _weans_, wee ones. It is wonderful what you can get
+them to do with a little coaxing and fun. You all know this as well as I
+do, and you all practise it every day in your own families. Here is a
+pleasant little story out of an old book. "A gentleman having led a
+company of children beyond their usual journey, they began to get weary,
+and all cried to him to carry them on his back, but because of their
+multitude he could not do this. 'But,' says he, 'I'll get horses for us
+all'; then cutting little wands out of the hedge as ponies for them, and
+a great stake as a charger for himself, this put mettle in their little
+legs, and they rode cheerily home." So much for a bit of ingenious fun.
+
+One thing, however poor you are, you can give your children, and that is
+your prayers, and they are, if real and humble, worth more than silver
+or gold,--more than food and clothing, and have often brought from our
+Father who is in heaven, and hears our prayers, both money and meat and
+clothes, and all worldly good things. And there is one thing you can
+always teach your child; you may not yourself know how to read or write,
+and therefore you may not be able to teach your children how to do these
+things; you may not know the names of the stars or their geography, and
+may therefore not be able to tell them how far you are from the sun, or
+how big the moon is; nor be able to tell them the way to Jerusalem or
+Australia, but you may always be able to tell them who made the stars
+and numbered them, and you may tell them the road to heaven. You may
+always teach them to pray. Some weeks ago, I was taken out to see the
+mother of a little child. She was very dangerously ill, and the nurse
+had left the child to come and help me. I went up to the nursery to get
+some hot water, and in the child's bed I saw something raised up. This
+was the little fellow under the bedclothes kneeling. I said, "What are
+you doing?" "I am praying God to make mamma better," said he. God likes
+these little prayers and these little people,--for of such is the
+kingdom of heaven. These are his little ones, his lambs, and he hears
+their cry; and it is enough if they only lisp their prayers. "Abba,
+Father," is all he needs; and our prayers are never so truly prayers as
+when they are most like children's in simplicity, in directness, in
+perfect fulness of reliance. "They pray right up," as black Uncle Tom
+says in that wonderful book, which I hope you have all read and wept
+over.
+
+I forgot to speak about punishing children. I am old-fashioned enough to
+uphold the ancient practice of warming the young bottoms with some
+sharpness, if need be; it is a wholesome and capital application, and
+does good to the bodies, and the souls too, of the little rebels, and it
+is far less cruel than being sulky, as some parents are, and keeping up
+a grudge at their children. Warm the bott, say I, and you will warm the
+heart too; and all goes right.
+
+And now I must end. I have many things I could say to you, but you have
+had enough of me and my bairns, I am sure. Go home, and when you see the
+little curly pows on their pillows, sound asleep, pour out a blessing on
+them, and ask our Saviour to make them his; and never forget what we
+began with, that they came from God, and are going back to him, and let
+the light of eternity fall upon them as they lie asleep, and may you
+resolve to dedicate them and yourselves to him who died for them and for
+us all, and who was once himself a little child, and sucked the breasts
+of a woman, and who said that awful saying, "Whosoever shall offend one
+of these little ones, it had been better for him that a millstone were
+hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the midst of the
+sea."
+
+
+
+
+SERMON IV.
+
+HEALTH.
+
+
+My dear friends,--I am going to give you a sort of sermon about your
+health,--and you know a sermon has always a text; so, though I am only a
+doctor, I mean to take a text for ours, and I will choose it, as our
+good friends the ministers do, from that best of all books, the Bible.
+Job ii. 4: "All that a man hath will he give for his life."
+
+This, you know, was said many thousands of years ago by the Devil, when,
+like a base and impudent fellow, as he always was and is, he came into
+the presence of the great God, along with the good angels. Here, for
+once in his life, the Devil spoke the truth and shamed himself.
+
+What he meant, and what I wish you now seriously to consider, is, that a
+man--you or I--will lose anything sooner than life; we would give
+everything for it, and part with all the money, everything we had, to
+keep away death and to lengthen our days. If you had £500 in a box at
+home, and knew that you would certainly be dead by to-morrow unless you
+gave the £500, would you ever make a doubt about what you would do? Not
+you! And if you were told that if you got drunk, or worked too hard, or
+took no sort of care of your bodily health, you would turn ill to-morrow
+and die next week, would you not keep sober, and work more moderately,
+and be more careful of yourself?
+
+Now, I want to make you believe that you are too apt to do this very
+same sort of thing in your daily life, only that instead of to-morrow or
+next week, your illness and your death comes next year, or at any rate,
+some years sooner than otherwise. _But your death is actually preparing
+already, and that by your own hands_, by your own ignorance, and often
+by your own foolish and sinful neglect and indulgence. A decay or
+rottenness spreads through the beams of a house, unseen and unfeared,
+and then, by and by down it comes, and is utterly destroyed. So it is
+with our bodies. You plant, by sin and neglect and folly, the seeds of
+disease by your own hands; and as surely as the harvest comes after the
+seed-time, so will you reap the harvest of pain, and misery, and death.
+And remember there is nobody to whom health is so valuable, is worth so
+much, as the poor laboring man; it is his stock-in-trade, his wealth,
+his capital; his bodily strength and skill are the main things he can
+make his living by, and therefore he should take better care of his
+body and its health than a rich man; for a rich man may be laid up in
+his bed for weeks and months, and yet his business may go on, for he has
+means to pay his men for working under him, or he may be what is called
+"living on his money." But if a poor man takes fever, or breaks his leg,
+or falls into a consumption, his wife and children soon want food and
+clothes: and many a time do I see on the streets poor, careworn men,
+dying by inches of consumption, going to and from their work, when, poor
+fellows, they should be in their beds; and all this just because they
+cannot afford to be ill and to lie out of work,--they cannot spare the
+time and the wages.
+
+Now, don't you think, my dear friends, that it is worth your while to
+attend to your health? If you were a carter or a coach-driver, and had a
+horse, would you not take care to give him plenty of corn, and to keep
+his stable clean and well aired, and to curry his skin well, and you
+would not kill him with overwork, for, besides the cruelty, this would
+be a dead loss to you,--it would be so much out of your pocket? And
+don't you see that God has given you your bodies to work with, and to
+please him with their diligence; and it is ungrateful to him, as well as
+unkind and wicked to your family and yourself, to waste your bodily
+strength, and bring disease and death upon yourselves? But you will say,
+"How can we make a better of it? We live from hand to mouth; we can't
+have fine houses and warm clothes, and rich food and plenty of it." No,
+I know that; but if you have not a fine house, you may always have a
+clean one, and fresh air costs nothing,--God gives it to all his
+children without stint,--and good plain clothes and meal may now be had
+cheaper than ever.
+
+Health is a word that you all have some notion of, but you will perhaps
+have a clearer idea of it when I tell you what the word comes from.
+Health was long ago _wholth_, and comes from the word _whole_ or _hale_.
+The Bible says, "They that are whole need not a physician"; that is,
+healthy people have no need of a doctor. Now, a man is whole when, like
+a bowl or any vessel, he is entire, and has nothing broken about him; he
+is like a watch that goes well, neither too fast nor too slow. But you
+will perhaps say, "You doctors should be able to put us all to rights,
+just as a watchmaker can clean and sort a watch; if you can't, what are
+you worth?" But the difference between a man and a watch is, that you
+must try to mend the man when he is going. You can't stop him and then
+set him agoing; and, you know, it would be no joke to a watchmaker, or
+to the watch, to try and clean it while it was going. But God, who does
+everything like himself, with his own perfectness, has put inside each
+of our bodies a Doctor of his own making,--one wiser than we with all
+our wisdom. Every one of us has in himself a power of keeping and
+setting his health right. If a man is overworked, God has ordained that
+he desires rest, and that rest cures him. If he lives in a damp, close
+place, free and dry air cures him. If he eats too much, fasting cures
+him. If his skin is dirty, a good scrubbing and a bit of yellow soap
+will put him all to rights.
+
+What we call disease or sickness is the opposite of health, and it comes
+on us,--1st. By descent from our parents. It is one of the surest of all
+legacies; if a man's father and mother are diseased, naturally or
+artificially, he will have much chance to be as bad, or worse. 2dly.
+Hard work brings on disease, and some kinds of work more than others.
+Masons who hew often fall into consumption; laborers get rheumatism, or
+what you call "the pains"; painters get what is called their colic, from
+the lead in the paint, and so on. In a world like ours, this set of
+causes of disease and ill health cannot be altogether got the better of;
+and it was God's command, after Adam's sin, that men should toil and
+sweat for their daily bread; but more than the half of the bad effects
+of hard work and dangerous employments might be prevented by a little
+plain knowledge, attention, and common sense. 3dly. Sin, wickedness,
+foolish and excessive pleasures, are a great cause of disease. Thousands
+die from drinking, and from following other evil courses. There is no
+life so hard, none in which the poor body comes so badly off, and is
+made so miserable, as the life of a drunkard or a dissolute man. I need
+hardly tell you, that this cause of death and disease you can all avoid.
+I don't say it is easy for any man in your circumstances to keep from
+sin; he is a foolish or ignorant man who says so, and that there are no
+temptations to drinking. You are much less to blame for doing this than
+people who are better off; but you CAN keep from drinking, and you know
+as well as I do, how much better and happier, and healthier and richer
+and more respectable you will be if you do so. 4thly and lastly. Disease
+and death are often brought on from ignorance, from not knowing what are
+called the _laws of health_,--those easy, plain, common things which, if
+you do, you will live long, and which, if you do not do, you will die
+soon.
+
+Now, I would like to make a few simple statements about this to you; and
+I will take the body bit by bit, and tell you some things that you
+should know and do in order to keep this wonderful house that your soul
+lives in, and by the deeds done in which you will one day be
+judged,--and which is God's gift and God's handiwork,--clean and
+comfortable, hale, strong, and hearty; for you know that, besides doing
+good to ourselves and our family and our neighbors with our bodily
+labor, we are told that we should glorify God in our bodies as well as
+in our souls, for they are his, more his than ours,--he has bought them
+by the blood of his Son Jesus Christ. We are not our own, we are bought
+with a price; therefore ought we to glorify God with our souls and with
+our bodies, which are his.
+
+Now, first, for _the skin_. You should take great care of it, for on its
+health a great deal depends; keep it clean, keep it warm, keep it dry,
+give it air; have a regular scrubbing of all your body every Saturday
+night; and, if you can manage it, you should every morning wash not only
+your face, but your throat and breast, with cold water, and rub yourself
+quite dry with a hard towel till you glow all over. You should keep your
+hair short if you are men; it saves you a great deal of trouble and
+dirt.
+
+Then, the inside of your _head_,--you know what is inside your
+head,--your brain; you know how useful it is to you. The cleverest pair
+of hands among you would be of little use without brains: they would be
+like a body without a soul, a watch with the mainspring broken. Now, you
+should consider what is best for keeping the brain in good trim. One
+thing of great consequence is _regular sleep, and plenty of it_. Every
+man should have at the least eight hours in his bed every
+four-and-twenty hours, and let him sleep all the time if he can; but
+even if he lies awake it is a rest to his wearied brain, as well as to
+his wearied legs and arms. _Sleep is the food of the brain._ Men may go
+mad and get silly, if they go long without sleep. Too much sleep is bad;
+but I need hardly warn you against that, or against too much meat. You
+are in no great danger from these.
+
+Then, again, whiskey and all kinds of intoxicating liquors in excess are
+just so much poison to the brain. I need not say much about this, you
+all know it; and we all know what dreadful things happen when a man
+poisons his brain and makes it mad, and like a wild beast with drink; he
+may murder his wife, or his child, and when he comes to himself he knows
+nothing of how he did it, only the terrible thing is certain, that he
+_did_ do it, and that he may be hanged for doing something when he was
+mad, and which he never dreamt of doing when in his senses: but then he
+knows that he made himself mad, and he must take all the wretched and
+tremendous consequences.
+
+From the brains we go to the _lungs_,--you know where they are,--they
+are what the butchers call the _lichts_; here they are, they are the
+bellows that keep the fire of life going; for you must know that a
+clever German philosopher has made out that we are all really
+burning,--that our bodies are warmed by a sort of burning or combustion,
+as it is called,--and fed by breath and food, as a fire is fed with
+coals and air.
+
+Now the great thing for the lungs is plenty of fresh air, and plenty of
+room to play in. About seventy thousand people die every year in Britain
+from that disease of the lungs called consumption,--that is, nearly half
+the number of people in the city of Edinburgh; and it is certain that
+more than the half of these deaths could be prevented if the lungs had
+fair play. So you should always try to get your houses well ventilated,
+that means to let the air be often changed, and free from impure
+mixtures; and you should avoid crowding many into one room, and be
+careful to keep everything clean, and put away all filth; for filth is
+not only disgusting to the eye and the nose, but is dangerous to the
+health. I have seen a great deal of cholera, and been surrounded by
+dying people, who were beyond any help from doctors, and I have always
+found that where the air was bad, the rooms ill ventilated, cleanliness
+neglected, and drunkenness prevailed, there this terrible scourge, which
+God sends upon us, was most terrible, most rapidly and widely
+destructive. Believe this, and go home and consider well what I now say,
+for you may be sure it is true.
+
+Now we come to the _heart_. You all know where it is. It is the most
+wonderful little pump in the world. There is no steam-engine half so
+clever at its work, or so strong. There it is in every one of us, beat,
+beating,--all day and all night, year after year, never stopping, like
+a watch ticking; only it never needs to be wound up,--God winds it up
+once for all. It depends for its health on the state of the rest of the
+body, especially the brains and lungs. But all violent passions, all
+irregularities of living, damage it. Exposure to cold when drunk,
+falling asleep, as many poor wretches do, in stairs all night,--this
+often brings on disease of the heart; and you know it is not only
+dangerous to have anything the matter with the heart, it is the
+commonest of all causes of sudden death. It gives no warning; you drop
+down dead in a moment. So we may say of the bodily as well as of the
+moral organ, "Keep your heart with all diligence; for out of it are the
+issues of life."
+
+We now come to the _stomach_. You all know, I dare say, where it lies!
+It speaks for itself. Our friends in England are very respectful to
+their stomachs. They make a great deal of them, and we make too little.
+If an Englishman is ill, all the trouble is in his stomach; if an
+Irishman is ill, it is in his heart, and he's "kilt entirely"; and if a
+Scotsman, it is in his "heed." Now, I wish I saw Scots men and women as
+nice and particular about their stomachs, or rather about what they put
+into them, as their friends in England. Indeed, so much does your
+genuine John Bull depend on his stomach, and its satisfaction, that we
+may put in his mouth the stout old lines of Prior:--
+
+    "The plainest man alive may tell ye
+    The seat of empire is the Belly:
+    From hence are sent out those supplies,
+    Which make us either stout or wise;
+    The strength of every other member
+    Is founded on your Belly-timber;
+    The qualms or raptures of your blood
+    Rise in proportion to your food,
+    Your stomach makes your fabric roll,
+    Just as the bias rules the bowl:
+    That great Achilles might employ
+    The strength designed to ruin Troy,
+    He dined on lions' marrow, spread
+    On toasts of ammunition bread;
+    But by his mother sent away,
+    Amongst the Thracian girls to play,
+    Effeminate he sat and quiet;
+    Strange product of a cheese-cake diet.
+    Observe the various operations,
+    Of food and drink in several nations.
+    Was ever Tartar fierce or cruel,
+    Upon the strength of water-gruel?
+    But who shall stand his rage and force,
+    If first he rides, then eats his horse!
+    Salads and eggs, and lighter fare,
+    Turn the Italian spark's guitar;
+    And if I take Dan Congreve right,
+    Pudding and beef make Britons fight."
+
+Good cooking is the beauty of a dinner. It really does a man as much
+good again if he eats his food with a relish, and with a little
+attention, it is as easy to cook well as ill. And let me tell the wives,
+that your husbands would like you all the better, and be less likely to
+go off to the public-house, if their bit of meat or their drop of broth
+were well cooked. Laboring men should eat well. They should, if
+possible, have meat--_butcher-meat_--ever day. Good broth is a capital
+dish. But, above all, keep whiskey out of your stomachs; it really plays
+the very devil when it gets in. It makes the brain mad, it burns the
+coats of the stomach; it turns the liver into a lump of rottenness; it
+softens and kills the heart; it makes a man an idiot and a brute. If you
+really need anything stronger than good meat, take a pot of wholesome
+porter or ale; but I believe you are better without even that. You will
+be all the better able to afford good meat, and plenty of it.
+
+With regard to your _bowels_,--a very important part of your
+interior,--I am not going to say much, except that neglect of them
+brings on many diseases; and laboring men are very apt to neglect them.
+Many years ago, an odd old man, at Green-cock, left at his death a
+number of sealed packets to his friends, and on opening them they found
+a Bible, £50, and a box of pills, and the words, "Fear God, and keep
+your bowels open." It was good advice, though it might have been rather
+more decorously worded. If you were a doctor, you would be astonished
+how many violent diseases of the mind, as well as of the body, are
+produced by irregularity of the bowels. Many years ago, an old minister,
+near Linlithgow, was wakened out of his sleep to go to see a great lady
+in the neighborhood who was thought dying, and whose mind was in
+dreadful despair, and who wished to see him immediately. The old man,
+rubbing his eyes, and pushing up his Kilmarnock nightcap, said, "And
+when were her leddyship's booels opened?" And finding, after some
+inquiry, that they were greatly in arrears, "I thocht sae. Rax me ower
+that pill-box on the chimney-piece, and gie my compliments to Leddy
+Margret, and tell her to tak thae twa pills, and I'll be ower by and by
+mysel'." They did as he bade them. They did their duty, and the pills
+did theirs, and her leddyship was relieved, and she was able at
+breakfast-time to profit by the Christian advice of the good old man,
+which she could not have done when her nerves were all wrong. The old
+Greeks, who were always seeking after wisdom, and didn't always find it,
+showed their knowledge and sense in calling depression of mind
+Melancholy, which means black bile. Leddy Margret's liver, I have no
+doubt, had been distilling this perilous stuff.
+
+My dear friends, there is one thing I have forgot to mention, and that
+is about keeping common-stairs clean; you know they are often abominably
+filthy, and they aggravate fever, and many of your worst and most deadly
+diseases; for you may keep your own houses never so clean and tidy, but
+if the common-stair is not kept clean too, all its foul air comes into
+your rooms, and into your lungs, and poisons you. So let all in the
+stair resolve to keep it clean, and well aired.
+
+But I must stop now. I fear I have wearied you. You see I had nothing
+new to tell you. The great thing in regulating and benefiting human
+life, is not to find out new things, but to make the best of the old
+things,--to live according to Nature, and the will of Nature's
+God,--that great Being who bids us call him our Father, and who is at
+this very moment regarding each one of us with far more than any earthly
+father's compassion and kindness, and who would make us all happy if we
+would but do his bidding, and take his road. He has given us minds by
+which we may observe the laws he has ordained in our bodies, and which
+are as regular and as certain in their effects, and as discoverable by
+us as the motions of the sun, moon, and stars in the heavens; and we
+shall not only benefit ourselves and live longer and work better and be
+happier, by knowing and obeying these laws, from love to ourselves, but
+we shall please him, we shall glorify him, and make him our
+_Friend_,--only think of that! and get his blessing, by taking care of
+our health, from love to him, and a regard to his will, in giving us
+these bodies of ours to serve him with, and which he has, with his own
+almighty hands, so fearfully and wonderfully made.
+
+I hope you will pardon my plainness in speaking to you. I am quite in
+earnest, and I have a deep regard, I may say a real affection, for you;
+for I know you well. I spent many of my early years as a doctor in going
+about among you. I have attended you long ago when ill; I have delivered
+your wives, and been in your houses when death was busy with you and
+yours, and I have seen your fortitude, energy, and honest, hearty,
+generous kindness to each other; your readiness to help your neighbors
+with anything you have, and to share your last sixpence and your last
+loaf with them. I wish I saw half as much real neighborliness and
+sympathy among what are called your betters. If a poor man falls down in
+a fit on the street, who is it that takes him up and carries him home,
+and gives him what he needs? it is not the man with a fine coat and
+gloves on,--it is the poor, dirty-coated, hard-handed, warm-hearted
+laboring man.
+
+Keep a good hold of all these homely and sturdy virtues, and add to them
+temperance and diligence, cleanliness and thrift, good knowledge, and,
+above all, the love and the fear of God, and you will not only be happy
+yourselves, but you will make this great and wonderful country of ours
+which rests upon you still more wonderful and great.
+
+
+
+
+SERMON V.
+
+MEDICAL ODDS AND ENDS.
+
+
+My dear friends,--We are going to ring in now, and end our course. I
+will be sorry and glad, and you will be the same. We are this about
+everything. It is the proportion that settles it. I am, upon the whole,
+as we say, sorry, and I dare say on the whole you are not glad. I
+dislike parting with anything or anybody I like, for it is ten to one if
+we meet again.
+
+My text is, "_That His way may he known upon earth; His saving health to
+all nations._" You will find it in that perfect little Psalm, the 67th.
+But before taking it up, I will, as my dear father used to say,--you all
+remember him, his keen eye and voice; his white hair, and his grave,
+earnest, penetrating look; and you should remember and possess his
+Canongate Sermon to you,--"The Bible, what it is, what it does, and what
+it deserves,"--well, he used to say, let us _recapitulate_ a little. It
+is a long and rather kittle word, but it is the only one that we have.
+He made it longer, but not less alive, by turning it into "a few
+recapitulatory remarks." What ground then have we travelled over?
+_First_, our duties to and about the Doctor; to call him in time, to
+trust him, to obey him, to be grateful to, and to pay him with our money
+and our hearts and our good word, if we have all these; if we have not
+the first, with twice as much of the others. _Second_, the Doctor's
+duties to us. He should be able and willing to cure us. That is what he
+is there for. He should be sincere, attentive, and tender to us, keeping
+his time and our secrets. We must tell him all we know about our
+ailments and their causes, and he must tell us all that is good for us
+to know, and no more. _Third_, your duties to your children; to the wee
+Willie Winkies and the little wifies that come toddlin' hame. It is your
+duty to _mind_ them. It is a capital Scotch use of this word: they are
+to be in your mind; you are to exercise your understanding about them;
+to give them simple food; to keep goodies and trash, and raw pears and
+whiskey, away from their tender mouths and stomachs; to give them that
+never-ending meal of good air, night and day, which is truly food and
+fire to them and you; to _be_ good before as well as to them, to speak
+and require the truth in love,--that is a wonderful expression, isn't
+it?--the truth in love; that, if acted on by us all, would bring the
+millennium next week; to be plain and homely with them, never _spaining_
+their minds from you. You are all sorry, you mothers, when you have to
+spain their mouths; it is a dreadful business that to both parties; but
+there is a spaining of the affections still more dreadful, and that need
+never be, no, never, neither in this world nor in that which is to come.
+Dr. Waugh, of London, used to say to bereaved mothers, Rachels weeping
+for their children, and refusing to be comforted, for that simplest of
+all reasons, because they were not, after giving them God's words of
+comfort, clapping them on the shoulders, and fixing his mild deep eyes
+on them (those who remember those eyes well know what they could mean),
+"My woman, your bairn is where it will have two fathers, but never but
+one mother."
+
+You should also, when the time comes, explain to your children what
+about their own health and the ways of the world they ought to know, and
+for the want of the timely knowledge of which many a life and character
+has been lost. Show them, moreover, the value you put upon health, by
+caring for your own.
+
+Do your best to get your sons well married, and soon. By "well married,"
+I mean that they should pair off old-fashionedly, for love, and marry
+what deserves to be loved, as well as what is lovely. I confess I think
+falling in love is the best way to begin; but then the moment you fall,
+you should get up and look about you, and see how the land lies, and
+whether it is as goodly as it looks. I don't like walking into love, or
+being carried into love; or, above all, being sold or selling yourself
+into it, which, after all, is not it. And by "soon," I mean as soon as
+they are keeping themselves; for a wife, such a wife as alone I mean, is
+cheaper to a young man than no wife, and is his best companion.
+
+Then for your duties to yourselves. See that you make yourself do what
+is _immediately_ just to your body, feed it when it is really hungry;
+let it sleep when it, not its master, desires sleep; make it happy, poor
+hard-working fellow! and give it a gambol when it wants it and deserves
+it, and as long as it can execute it. Dancing is just the music of the
+feet, and the gladness of the young legs, and is well called the poetry
+of motion. It is like all other natural pleasures, given to be used, and
+to be not abused, either by yourself or by those who don't like it, and
+don't enjoy your doing it,--shabby dogs these, beware of them! And if
+this be done, it is a good and a grace, as well as pleasure, and
+satisfies some good end of our being, and in its own way glorifies our
+Maker. Did you ever see anything in this world more beautiful than the
+lambs running races and dancing round the big stone of the field; and
+does not your heart get young when you hear,--
+
+    "Here we go by Jingo ring,
+    Jingo ring, Jingo ring;
+    Here we go by Jingo ring,
+      About the merry ma tanzie."
+
+This is just a dance in honor of poor old pagan Jingo; measured
+movements arising from and giving happiness. We have no right to keep
+ourselves or others from natural pleasures; and we are all too apt to
+interfere with and judge harshly the pleasures of others; hence we who
+are stiff and given to other pleasures, and who, now that we are old,
+know the many wickednesses of the world, are too apt to put the vices of
+the jaded, empty old heart, like a dark and ghastly fire burnt out, into
+the feet and the eyes, and the heart and the head of the young. I
+remember a story of a good old Antiburgher minister. It was in the days
+when dancing was held to be a great sin, and to be dealt with by the
+session. Jessie, a comely, and good, and blithe young woman, a great
+favorite of the minister's, had been guilty of dancing at a friend's
+wedding. She was summoned before the session to be "dealt with,"--the
+grim old fellows sternly concentrating their eyes upon her, as she stood
+trembling in her striped short-gown, and her pretty bare feet. The
+Doctor, who was one of divinity, and a deep thinker, greatly pitying her
+and himself, said, "Jessie, my woman, were ye dancin'?"
+
+"Yes," sobbed Jessie.
+
+"Ye maun e'en promise never to dance again, Jessie."
+
+"I wull, sir; I wull promise," with a courtesy.
+
+"Now, what were ye thinking o', Jessie, when ye were dancin'? tell us
+truly," said an old elder, who had been a poacher in youth.
+
+"Nae ill, sir," sobbed out the dear little woman.
+
+"Then, Jessie, my woman, aye dance," cried the delighted Doctor.
+
+And so say I, to the extent, that so long as our young girls think "nae
+ill," they may dance their own and their feet's fills; and so on with
+all the round of the sunshine and flowers God has thrown on and along
+the path of his children.
+
+_Lastly_, your duty to your own bodies: to preserve them; to make, or
+rather let--for they are made so to go--their wheels go sweetly; to keep
+the _girs_ firm round the old barrel; neither to over nor under work our
+bodies, and to listen to their teaching and their requests, their cries
+of pain and sorrow; and to keep them as well as your souls unspotted
+from the world. If you want to know a good book on Physiology, or the
+Laws of Health and of Life, get Dr. Combe's _Physiology_; and let all
+you mothers get his delightful _Management of Infancy_. You will love
+him for his motherly words. You will almost think he might have worn
+petticoats,--for tenderness he might; but in mind and will and eye he
+was every inch a man. It is now long since he wrote, but I have seen
+nothing so good since; he is so intelligent, so reverent, so full of the
+solemnity, the sacredness, the beauty, and joy of life, and its work; so
+full of sympathy for suffering, himself not ignorant of such evil,--for
+the latter half of his life was a daily, hourly struggle with death,
+fighting the destroyer from within with the weapons of life, his brain
+and his conscience. It is very little physiology that you require, so
+that it is physiology, and is suitable for your need. I can't say I like
+our common people, or indeed, what we call our ladies and gentlemen,
+poking curiously into all the ins and outs of our bodies as a general
+accomplishment, and something to talk of. No, I don't like it. I would
+rather they chose some other _ology_. But let them get enough to give
+them awe and love, light and help, guidance and foresight.
+
+These, with good sense and good senses, humility, and a thought of a
+hereafter in this world as well as in the next, will make us as able to
+doctor ourselves--especially to act in the _preventive service_, which
+is your main region of power for good--as in this mortal world we have
+any reason to expect. And let us keep our hearts young, and they will
+keep our legs and our arms the same. For we know now that hearts are
+kept going by having strong, pure, lively blood; if bad blood goes into
+the heart, it gets angry, and shows this by beating at our breasts, and
+frightening us; and sometimes it dies of sheer anger and disgust, if its
+blood is poor or poisoned, thin and white. "He may dee, but he'll never
+grow auld," said a canty old wife of her old minister, whose cheek was
+ruddy like an apple.
+
+_Run for the Doctor_; don't saunter to him, or go in, by the by, as an
+old elder of my father's did, when his house was on fire. He was a
+perfect Nathanael, and lived more in the next world than in this, as you
+will soon see. One winter night he slipped gently into his neighbor's
+cottage, and found James Somerville reading aloud by the blaze of the
+licht coal; he leant over the chair, and waited till James closed the
+book, when he said, "By the by, I am thinkin' ma hoose is on fire!" and
+out he and they all ran, in time to see the auld biggin' fall in with a
+glorious blaze. So it is too often when that earthly house of ours--our
+cottage, our tabernacle--is getting on fire. One moment your finger
+would put out what in an hour all the waters of Clyde would be too late
+for. If the Doctor is needed, the sooner the better. If he is not, he
+can tell you so, and you can rejoice that he had a needless journey, and
+pay him all the more thankfully. So run early and at once. How many
+deaths--how many lives of suffering and incapacity--may be spared by
+being in time! by being a day or two sooner. With children this is
+especially the case, and with workingmen in the full prime of life. A
+mustard plaster, a leech, a pill, fifteen drops of Ipecacuanha wine, a
+bran poultice, a hint, or a stitch in time, may do all and at once, when
+a red-hot iron, a basinful of blood, all the wisdom of our art, and all
+the energy of the Doctor, all your tenderness and care, are in vain.
+Many a child's life is saved by an emetic at night, who would be lost in
+twelve hours. So send in time; it is just to your child or the patient,
+and to yourself; it is just to your Doctor; for I assure you we Doctors
+are often sorry, and angry enough, when we find we are too late. It
+affronts us, and our powers, besides affronting life and all its
+meanings, and Him who gives it. And we really _enjoy_ curing; it is like
+running and winning a race,--like hunting and finding and killing our
+game. And then remember to go to the Doctor early in the day, as well as
+in the disease. I always like my patients to send and say that they
+would like the Doctor "to call before he goes out!" This is like an
+Irish message, you will say; but there is "sinse" in it. Fancy a Doctor
+being sent for, just as he is in bed, to see some one, and on going he
+finds they had been thinking of sending in the morning, and that he has
+to run neck and neck with death, with the odds all against him.
+
+I now wind up with some other odds and ends. I give you them as an old
+wife would empty her pockets,--such wallets they used to be!--in no
+regular order; here a bit of string, now a bit of gingerbread, now an
+"aiple," now a bunch of keys, now an old almanac, now three _bawbees_
+and a bad shilling, a "wheen" buttons all marrowless, a thimble, a bit
+of black sugar, and maybe at the very bottom a "goold guinea."
+
+_Shoes._--It is amazing the misery the people of civilization endure in
+and from their shoes. Nobody is ever, as they should be, comfortable at
+once in them; they hope in the long-run and after much agony, and when
+they are nearly done, to make them fit, especially if they can get them
+once well wet, so that the mighty knob of the big toe may adjust himself
+and be at ease. For my part, if I were rich, I would advertise for a
+clean, wholesome man, whose foot was exactly my size, and I would make
+him wear my shoes till I could put them on, and not know I was in
+them.[1] Why is all this? Why do you see every man's and woman's feet so
+out of shape? Why are there corns, with their miseries and maledictions?
+Why the virulence and unreachableness of those that are "soft"? Why do
+our nails grow in, and sometimes have to be torn violently off?
+
+[1] Frederick the Great kept an aid-de-camp for this purpose,
+and, poor fellow! he sometimes wore them too long, and got a kicking for
+his pains.
+
+All because the makers and users of shoes have not common sense, and
+common reverence for God and his works enough to study the shape and
+motions of that wonderful pivot on which we turn and progress. Because
+FASHION,--that demon that I wish I saw dressed in her own crinoline, in
+bad shoes, a man's old hat, and trailing petticoats, and with her (for
+she must be a _her_) waist well nipped by a circlet of nails with the
+points inmost, and any other of the small torments, mischiefs, and
+absurdities she destroys and makes fools of us with,--whom, I say, I
+wish I saw drummed and hissed, blazing and shrieking, out of the
+world,--because this contemptible slave, which domineers over her
+makers, says the shoe must be elegant, must be so and so, and the
+beautiful living foot must be crushed into it, and human nature must
+limp along Princess Street and through life natty and wretched.
+
+It makes me angry when I think of all this. Now, do you want to know how
+to put your feet into new shoes, and yourself into a new world? Go and
+buy from Edmonston and Douglas sixpence worth of sense, in _Why the Shoe
+Pinches_; you will, if you get your shoemaker to do as it bids him, go
+on your ways rejoicing; no more knobby, half-dislocated big toes; no
+more secret parings, and slashings desperate, in order to get on that
+pair of exquisite boots or shoes.
+
+Then there is the _Infirmary_.--Nothing I like better than to see
+subscriptions to this admirable house of help and comfort to the poor,
+advertised as from the quarry men of Craigleith; from Mr. Milne the
+brassfounder's men; from Peeblesshire; from the utmost Orkneys; and from
+those big, human mastiffs, the navvies. And yet we doctors are often met
+by the most absurd and obstinate objections by domestic servants in
+town, and by country people, to going there. This prejudice is
+lessening, but it is still great. "O, I canna gang into the Infirmary; I
+would rather dee!" Would you, indeed? Not you, or, if so, the sooner the
+better. They have a notion that they are experimented on, and slain by
+the surgeons; neglected and poisoned by the nurses, etc., etc. Such
+utter nonsense! I know well about the inner life and work of at least
+our Infirmary, and of that noble old Minto House, now gone; and I would
+rather infinitely, were I a servant, 'prentice boy, or shopman, a
+porter, or student, and anywhere but in a house of my own, and even
+then, go straight to the Infirmary, than lie in a box-bed off the
+kitchen, or on the top of the coal-bunker, or in a dark hole in the
+lobby, or in a double-bedded room. The food, the bedding, the
+physicians, the surgeons, the clerks, the dressers, the medicines, the
+wine and porter,--and they don't scrimp these when necessary,--the
+books, the Bibles, the baths, are all good,--are all better far than one
+man in ten thousand can command in his own house. So off with a grateful
+heart and a fearless to the Infirmary, and your mistress can come in and
+sit beside you; and her doctor and yours will look in and single you out
+with his smile and word, and cheer you and the ward by a kindly joke,
+and you will come out well cured, and having seen much to do you good
+for life. I never knew any one who was once in, afraid of going back;
+they know better.
+
+There are few things in human nature finer than the devotion and courage
+of medical men to their hospital and charitable duties; it is to them a
+great moral discipline. Not that they don't get good--selfish good--to
+themselves. Why shouldn't they? Nobody does good without getting it; it
+is a law of the government of God. But, as a rule, our medical men are
+not kind and skilful and attentive to their hospital patients, because
+this is to make them famous, or even because through this they are to
+get knowledge and fame; they get all this, and it is their only and
+their great reward. But they are in the main disinterested men. Honesty
+is the best policy; but, as Dr. Whately, in his keen way, says, "that
+man is not honest who is so for this reason," and so with the doctors
+and their patients. And I am glad to say for my profession, few of them
+take this second-hand line of duty.
+
+_Beards._--I am for beards out and out, because I think the Maker of the
+beard was and is. This is reason enough; but there are many others. The
+misery of shaving, its expense, its consumption of time,--a very
+corporation existing for no other purpose but to shave mankind. Campbell
+the poet, who had always a bad razor, I suppose, and was late of rising,
+said he believed the man of civilization who lived to be sixty had
+suffered more pain in littles every day in shaving than a woman with a
+large family had from her lyings-in. This would be hard to prove; but
+it is a process that never gets pleasanter by practice; and then the
+waste of time and temper,--the ugliness of being ill or unshaven. Now,
+we can easily see advantages in it; the masculine gender is intended to
+be more out of doors, and more in all weathers than the smooth-chinned
+ones, and this protects him and his Adam's apple from harm. It acts as
+the best of all respirators to the mason and the east-wind. Besides, it
+is a glory; and it must be delightful to have and to stroke a natural
+beard, not one like bean-stalks or a bottle-brush, but such a beard as
+Abraham's or Abd-el-Kader's. It is the beginning ever to cut, that makes
+all the difference. I hazard a theory, that no hair of the head or beard
+should ever be cut, or needs it, any more than the eyebrows or
+eyelashes. The finest head of hair I know is one which was never cut. It
+is not too long; it is soft and thick. The secret where to stop growing
+is in the end of the native untouched hair. If you cut it off, the poor
+hair does not know when to stop; and if our eyebrows were so cut, they
+might be made to hang over our eyes, and be wrought into a veil.
+Besides, think of the waste of substance of the body in hewing away so
+much hair every morning, and encouraging an endless rotation of crops!
+Well, then, I go in for the beards of the next generation, the unshorn
+beings whose beards will be wagging when we are away; but of course they
+must be clean. But how are we to sup our porridge and kail? Try it when
+young, when there is just a shadowy down on the upper lip, and no fears
+but they will do all this "elegantly" even. Nature is slow and gentle in
+her teaching even the accomplishment of the spoon. And as for women's
+hair, don't plaster it with scented and sour grease, or with any grease;
+it has an oil of its own. And don't tie up your hair tight, and make it
+like a cap of iron over your skull. And why are your ears covered? You
+hear all the worse, and they are not the cleaner. Besides, the ear is
+beautiful in itself, and plays its own part in the concert of the
+features. Go back to the curls, some of you, and try in everything to
+dress as it becomes you, and as you become; not as that fine lady, or
+even your own Tibbie or Grizzy chooses to dress, it may be becomingly to
+her. Why shouldn't we even in dress be more ourselves than somebody or
+everybody else?
+
+I had a word about _Teeth_. Don't get young children's teeth drawn. At
+least, let this be the rule. Bad teeth come of bad health and bad and
+hot food, and much sugar. I can't say I am a great advocate for the
+common people going in for tooth-brushes. No, they are not necessary in
+full health. The healthy man's teeth clean themselves, and so does his
+skin. A good dose of Gregory often puts away the toothache. It is a
+great thing, however, to get them early stuffed, if they need it; that
+really keeps them and your temper whole. For appearance' sake merely, I
+hate false teeth, as I hate a wig. But this is not a matter to dogmatize
+about. I never was, I think, deceived by either false hair, or false
+teeth, or false eyes, or false cheeks, for there are in the high--I
+don't call it the great--world, plumpers for making the cheeks round, as
+well as a certain dust for making them bloom. But you and I don't enjoy
+such advantages.
+
+_Rheumatism_ is peculiarly a disease of the workingman. One old
+physician said its only cure was patience and flannel. Another said six
+weeks. But I think good flannel and no drunkenness (observe, I don't say
+no drinking, though very nearly so) are its best preventives. It is a
+curious thing, the way in which cold gives rheumatism. Suppose a man is
+heated and gets cooled, and being very well at any rate, and is sitting
+or sleeping in a draught; the exposed part is chilled; the pores of its
+skin, which are always exuding and exhaling waste from the body,
+contract and shut in this bad stuff; it--this is my theory--not getting
+out is taken up by a blunder of the deluded absorbents, who are always
+prowling about for something, and it is returned back to the centre, and
+finds its way into the blood, and poisons it, affecting the heart, and
+carrying bad money, bad change, bad fat, bad capital all over the body,
+making nerves, lungs, everything unhappy and angry. This vitiated blood
+arrives by and by at the origin of its mischief, the chilled shoulder,
+and here it wreaks its vengeance, and in doing so, does some general
+good at local expense. It gives pain; it produces a certain inflammation
+of its own, and if it is not got rid of by the skin and other ways, it
+may possibly kill by the rage the body gets in, and the heat; or it may
+inflame the ill-used heart itself, and then either kill, or give the
+patient a life of suffering and peril. The medicines we give act not
+only by detecting this poison of blood, which, like yeast, leavens all
+in its neighborhood, but by sending it out of the body like a culprit.
+
+_Vaccination._--One word for this. Never neglect it; get it done within
+two months after birth, and see that it is well done; and get all your
+neighbors to do it.
+
+_Infectious Diseases._--Keep out of their way; kill them by fresh air
+and cleanliness; defy them by cheerfulness, good food (_better_ food
+than usual, in such epidemics as cholera), good sleep, and a good
+conscience.
+
+When in the midst of and waiting on those who are under the scourge of
+an epidemic, be as little very close to the patient as you can, and
+don't inhale his or her breath or exhalations when you can help it; be
+rather in the current to, than from him. Be very cleanly in putting away
+all excretions at once, and quite away; go frequently into the fresh
+air; and don't sleep in your day clothes. Do what the Doctor bids you;
+don't crowd round your dying friend; you are stealing his life in taking
+his air, and you are quietly killing yourself. This is one of the worst
+and most unmanageable of our Scottish habits, and many a time have I
+cleared the room of all but one, and dared them to enter it.
+
+Then you should, in such things as small-pox, as indeed in everything,
+carry out the Divine injunction, "_Whatsoever_ ye would that men should
+do unto you, do ye even so to them." Don't send for the minister to pray
+with and over the body of a patient in fever or delirium, or a child
+dying of small-pox or malignant scarlet fever; tell him, by all means,
+and let him pray with you, and for your child. Prayers, you know, are
+like gravitation, or the light of heaven; they will go from whatever
+place they are uttered; and if they are real prayers, they go straight
+and home to the centre, the focus of all things; and you know that poor
+fellow with the crust of typhus on his lips, and its nonsense on his
+tongue,--that child tossing in misery, not knowing even its own
+mother,--what can they know, what heed can they give to the prayer of
+the minister? He may do all the good he can,--the most good maybe when,
+like Moses on the hillside, in the battle with Amalek, he uplifts his
+hands apart. No! a word spoken by your minister to himself and his God,
+a single sigh for mercy to him who is mercy, a cry of hope, of despair
+of self, opening into trust in him, may save that child's life, when an
+angel might pour forth in vain his burning, imploring words into the
+dull or wild ears of the sufferer, in the vain hope of getting _him_ to
+pray. I never would allow my father to go to typhus cases; and I don't
+think they lost anything by it. I have seen him rising in the dark of
+his room from his knees, and I knew whose case he had been laying at the
+footstool.
+
+And now, my dear friends, I find I have exhausted our time, and never
+yet got to the sermon, and its text--"_That the way of God_"--what is
+it? It is his design in setting you here; it is the road he wishes you
+to walk in; it is his providence in your minutest as in the world's
+mightiest things; it is his will expressed in his works and word, and in
+your own soul it is his salvation. That it "_may be known_," that the
+understandings of his intelligent, responsible, mortal and immortal
+creatures should be directed to it, to study and (as far as we ever can
+or need) to understand that which, in its fulness, passes all
+understanding; that it may be known "_on the earth_," here, in this very
+room, this very minute; not, as too many preachers and performers do, to
+be known only in the next world,--men who, looking at the stars, stumble
+at their own door, and it may be _smoor_ their own child, besides
+despising, upsetting, and extinguishing their own lantern. No! the next
+world is only to be reached through this; and our road through this our
+wilderness is not safe unless on the far beyond there is shining the
+lighthouse on the other side of the dark river that has no bridge. Then
+"_His saving health_"; His health--whose?--God's--his soundness, the
+wholeness, the perfectness, that is alone in and from him,--health of
+body, of heart, and brain, health to the finger-ends, health for
+eternity as well as time. "_Saving_"; we need to be saved, and we are
+salvable, this is much; and God's health can save us, that is more. When
+a man or woman is fainting from loss of blood, we sometimes try to save
+them, when all but gone, by transfusing the warm rich blood of another
+into their veins. Now this is what God, through his Son, desires to do;
+to transfuse his blood, himself, through his Son, who is himself, into
+us, diseased and weak. "_And_" refers to his health being "_known_,"
+recognized, accepted, used, "_among all nations_"; not among the U.P.s,
+or the Frees, or the Residuaries, or the Baptists, or the New Jerusalem
+people,--nor among us in the Canongate, or in Biggar, or even in old
+Scotland, but "among all nations"; then, and only then, will the people
+praise thee, O God; will all the people praise thee. Then, and then
+only, will the earth yield her increase, and God, even our own God, will
+bless us. God will bless us, and all the ends of the earth shall fear
+him.
+
+And now, my dear and patient friends, we must say good night. You have
+been very attentive, and it has been a great pleasure to me as we went
+on to preach to you. We came to understand one another. You saw through
+my jokes, and that they were not always nothing but jokes. You bore with
+my solemnities, because I am not altogether solemn; and so good night,
+and God bless you, and may you, as Don Quixote, on his death-bed, says
+to Sancho, May you have your eyes closed by the soft fingers of your
+great-grandchildren. But no, I must shake hands with you, and kiss the
+bairns,--why shouldn't I? if their mouths are clean and their breath
+sweet? As for you, _Ailie_, you are wearying for the child; and he is
+tumbling and fretting in his cradle, and wearying for you; good by, and
+away you go on your milky way. I wish I could (unseen) see you two
+enjoying each other. And good night, my bonnie _wee wifie_; you are
+sleepy, and you must be up to make your father's porridge; and _Master
+William Winkie_, will you be still for one moment while I address you?
+Well, Master William, _wamble_ not off your mother's lap, neither rattle
+in your excruciating way in an airn jug wi' an airn spoon; no more
+crowing like a cock, or skirlin' like a kenna-what. I had much more to
+say to you, sir, but you will not bide still; off with you, and a
+blessing with you.
+
+Good night, _Hugh Cleland_, the best smith of any smiddy; with your
+bowly back, your huge arms, your big heavy brows and eyebrows, your
+clear eye, and warm unforgetting heart. And you, _John Noble_, let me
+grip your horny hand, and count the queer knobs made by the perpetual
+mell. I used, when I was a Willie Winkie, and wee, to think that you
+were born with them. Never mind, you were born for them, and of old you
+handled the trowel well, and built to the plumb. _Thomas Bertram_, your
+loom is at a discount, but many's the happy day I have watched you and
+your shuttle, and the interweaving treadles, and all the mysteries of
+setting the "wab." You are looking well, and though not the least of an
+ass, you might play Bottom must substantially yet. _Andrew Wilson_,
+across the waste of forty years and more I snuff the fragrance of your
+shop; have you forgiven me yet for stealing your paint-pot (awful joy!)
+for ten minutes to adorn my rabbit-house, and for blunting your pet
+_furmer_? Wise you were always, and in the saw-pit you spoke little, and
+wore your crape. Yourself wears well, but take heed of swallowing your
+shavings unawares, as is the trick of you "wrights"; they confound the
+interior and perplex the Doctor.
+
+_Rob Rough_, you smell of rosin, and your look is stern, nevertheless,
+or all the rather, give me your hand. What a grip! You have been the
+most sceptical of all my hearers; you like to try everything, and you
+hold fast only what you consider good; and then on your _crepida_ or
+stool, you have your own think about everything human and divine, as you
+smite down errors on the lapstane, and "yerk" your arguments with a
+well-rosined lingle; throw your window open for yourself as well as for
+your blackbird; and make your shoes not to pinch. I present you, sir,
+with a copy of the book of the wise Switzer.
+
+And nimble _Pillans_, the clothier of the race, and quick as your
+needle, strong as your corduroys, I bid you good night. May you and the
+cooper be like him of Fogo, each a better man than his father; and you,
+_Mungo_ the mole-catcher, and _Tod Laurie_, and _Sir Robert_ the cadger,
+and all the other odd people, I shake your fists twice, for I like your
+line. I often wish I had been a mole-catcher, with a brown velveteen, or
+(fine touch of tailoric fancy!) a moleskin coat; not that I dislike
+moles,--I once ate the fore-quarter of one, having stewed it in a
+Florence flask, some forty years ago, and liked it,--but I like the
+killing of them, and the country by-ways, and the regularly irregular
+life, and the importance of my trade.
+
+And good night to you all, you women-folks. _Marion Graham_ the
+milkwoman; _Tibbie Meek_ the single servant; _Jenny Muir_ the
+sempstress; _Mother Johnston_ the howdie, thou consequential Mrs. Gamp,
+presiding at the gates of life; and you in the corner there, _Nancy
+Cairns_, gray-haired, meek and old, with your crimped mutch as white as
+snow; the shepherd's widow, the now childless mother, you are stepping
+home to your _bein_ and lonely room, where your cat is now ravelling a'
+her thrums, wondering where "she" is.
+
+Good night to you all, big and little, young and old; and go home to
+your bedside, there is Some One waiting there for you, and his Son is
+here ready to take you to him. Yes, he is waiting for every one of you,
+and you have only to say, "Father, I have sinned,--take me"--and he sees
+you a great way off. But to reverse the parable; it is the first-born,
+your elder brother, who is at your side, and leads you to your Father,
+and says, "I have paid his debt"; that Son who is ever with him, whose
+is all that he hath.
+
+I need not say more. You know what I mean. You know who is waiting, and
+you know who it is who stands beside you, having the likeness of the Son
+of Man. Good night! The night cometh in which neither you nor I can
+work,--may we work while it is day; whatsoever thy _hand_ findeth to do,
+do it with thy might, for there is no work or device in the grave,
+whither we are all of us hastening; and when the night is spent, may we
+all enter on a healthful, a happy, an everlasting to-morrow!
+
+
+               Cambridge: Printed by Welch, Bigelow, & Co.
+
+
+VEST-POCKET SERIES
+
+OF
+
+Standard and Popular Authors.
+
+
+     The great popularity of the "Little Classics" has proved anew
+     the truth of Dr. Johnson's remark: "Books that you may carry to
+     the fire, and hold readily in your hand, are the most useful
+     after all." The attractive character of their contents has been
+     very strongly commended to public favor by the convenient size
+     of the volumes. These were not too large to be carried to the
+     fire or held readily in the hand, and consequently they have
+     been in great request wherever they have become known.
+
+    _The Vest-Pocket Series_ consists of volumes yet smaller than
+    the "Little Classics." Their Lilliputian size, legible type, and
+    flexible cloth binding make them peculiarly convenient for
+    carrying on short journeys; and the excellence of their contents
+    makes them desirable always and everywhere. The series includes
+
+    STORIES, ESSAYS, SKETCHES, AND POEMS
+
+    SELECTED FROM THE WRITINGS OF
+    _Emerson_,
+    _Longfellow_,
+    _Whittier_,
+    _Hawthorne_,
+    _Carlyle_,
+    _Aldrich_,
+    _Hood_,
+    _Gray_,
+    _Aytoun_,
+    _Tennyson_,
+    _Lowell_,
+    _Holmes_,
+    _Browning_,
+    _Macaulay_,
+    _Milton_,
+    _Campbell_,
+    _Owen Meredith_,
+    _Pope_,
+    _Thomson_,
+    AND OTHERS OF EQUAL FAME.
+
+The volumes are beautifully printed, many of them illustrated, and bound
+in flexible cloth covers, at a uniform price of
+
+    =FIFTY CENTS EACH.=
+
+    JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO.,
+    PUBLISHERS, BOSTON.
+
+
+WORKS OF DR. JOHN BROWN.
+
+    "_Of all the John Browns, commend us to Dr. John Brown, the
+    physician, the man of genius, the humorist, the student of men,
+    women, and dogs. By means of two beautiful volumes he has given
+    the public a share of his by-hours; and more pleasant hours it
+    would be difficult to find in any life._"--London Times.
+
+
+SPARE HOURS. First Series, I vol. 16mo. Cloth, $2.00; Half calf, $3.75.
+
+_CONTENTS._--Rab and his Friends.--"With Brains, Sir."--The Mystery of
+Black and Tan.--Her Last Half-Crown.--Our Dogs.--Queen Mary's
+Child-Garden.--Presence of Mind and Happy Guessing.--My Father's
+Memoir.--Mystifications.--"Oh, I'm wat, wat!"--Arthur H.
+Hallam.--Education through the Senses.--Vaughan's Poems.--Dr.
+Chalmers.--Dr. George Wilson.--St. Paul's Thorn in the Flesh.--The Black
+Dwarf's Bones.--Notes on Art.
+
+    "Dr. John Brown is a medical practitioner in Edinburgh, whose
+    leisure mements have been devoted to the cultivation of letters,
+    and who, without the slightest degree of formality or reserve,
+    pours out his feelings on paper, showing himself equally at home
+    in the sphere of genial criticism, pathetic sentiment, and gay
+    and sportive humor. His confessions have the frankness of
+    Montaigne, and almost the playful _naïveté_ of Charles Lamb,
+    combined with a vein of tender earnestness that stamps the
+    individuality of the writer. The tone of his remarks is
+    uniformly healthful, showing a genuine love of nature, and a
+    cordial sympathy with all conditions of humanity."--_New York
+    Tribune._
+
+
+=SPARE HOURS.= Second Series, I vol. 16mo. With Steel Portrait and
+Illustrations. Cloth, $2.00; Half calf, $3.75.
+
+_CONTENTS._--John Leech.--Marjorie Fleming.--Jeems the
+Door-keeper.--Minchmoor.--The Enterkin.--Health: Five Lay Sermons to
+Working-People.--The Duke of Athole.--Struan.--Thackeray's
+Death.--Thackeray's Literary Career.--More of "Our Dogs."--Plea for a
+Dog Home.--"Bibliomania."--"In Clear Dream and Solemn Vision."--A
+Jacobite Family.
+
+    "An excellent portrait of the author, showing a broad brow, and
+    a face replete with sense, shrewdness, humor, and resolute
+    force, adds to the attractiveness of one of the most attractive
+    volumes of essays published for a long period."--_Boston
+    Transcript._
+
+
+=RAB AND HIS FRIENDS.= Paper, 25 cents.
+
+    "Dr. Brown's masterpiece is the story of a dog called 'Rab.' The
+    tale moves from the most tragic pathos to the most reckless
+    humor, and could not have been written but by a man of genius.
+    Whether it moves to laughter or to tears, it is perfect in its
+    way, and immortalizes its author."--_London Times._
+
+    "A veritable gem. It is true, simple, pathetic, and touched with
+    an antique grace."--_Fraser's Magazine._
+
+
+=MARJORIE FLEMING ("Pet Marjorie").= Paper, 25 cents.
+
+    "A story of one of the most exquisite children, miraculously
+    brilliant, thoughtful, and fascinating."--_Detroit Post._
+
+    "A quaint, winning, sympathetic, beautiful sketch of
+    child-life."--_Springfield Republican._
+
+
+JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO.,
+
+PUBLISHERS, BOSTON.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Health, by John Brown
+
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Health, by John Brown
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Health
+       Five Lay Sermons to Working-People
+
+Author: John Brown
+
+Release Date: October 5, 2011 [EBook #37640]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEALTH ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Matthew Wheaton
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<div>
+
+<br />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/cover.png" width="400" height="625" alt="Cover" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="caption">Health<br />John Brown M.D.</p>
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1 id="booktitle">HEALTH: FIVE LAY SERMONS TO WORKING-PEOPLE.</h1>
+
+<p class="h3">BY</p>
+
+<p class="h2">JOHN BROWN, M.D.</p>
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/fig001a.png" width="400" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="inset26">
+<p>He is not far from every one of us. For in Him we live
+and move not less than in Him we have our being.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="inset20">
+<p style="text-indent:4em">"Out of darkness comes the hand<br />
+Reaching through nature,&mdash;moulding man."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="h1"><i>HEALTH:</i><br />
+<br />
+FIVE LAY SERMONS TO WORKING-PEOPLE.</p>
+<br />
+<p class="h4">BY</p>
+
+<p class="h3">JOHN BROWN, M.D.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 80px;">
+<img src="images/fig001b.png" width="80"  alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="h3">BOSTON:<br />
+JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY,</p>
+
+<p class="h4"><i>Late Ticknor and Fields, and Fields, Osgood, &amp; Co.</i><br />
+1877.</p>
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/fig002a.png" width="200" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/fig003a.png" width="150" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><i>Affectionately inscribed to the memory of the</i> <span class="smcap">Rev. James
+Trench</span>, <i>the heart and soul of the Canongate Mission, who,
+while he preached a pure and a fervent gospel to its heathens,
+taught them also and therefore to respect and save their
+health, and was the Originator and Keeper of their Library
+and Penny Bank, as well as their Minister.</i></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/fig003b.png" width="150" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/fig004.png" width="300" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<span class="pagenum">[7]</span>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/fig005a.png" width="400" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+<p><img class="dropimg" src="images/img-t.png" width="50" alt="" />
+<span class="hide">T</span><b>HREE</b> of these sermons were written for,
+and (shall I say?) preached some years
+ago, in one of the earliest missionary stations
+in Edinburgh, established by Broughton Place
+Congregation, and presided over at that time by
+the Reverend James Trench; one of the best human
+beings it was ever my privilege to know. He
+is dead; dying in and of his work,&mdash;from typhus
+fever caught at the bedside of one of his poor members&mdash;but
+he lives in the hearts of many a widow
+and fatherless child; and lives also, I doubt not, in
+the immediate vision of Him to do whose will was
+his meat and his drink. Given ten thousand such
+men, how would the crooked places be made straight,
+and the rough places plain, the wildernesses of city
+wickedness, the solitary places of sin and despair,
+of pain and shame, be made glad! This is what
+is to regenerate mankind; this is the leaven that
+some day is to leaven the lump.<span class="pagenum">[8]</span></p>
+
+<p>The other two sermons were never preached, except
+in print; but they were composed in the same
+key. I say this not in defence, but in explanation.
+I have tried to speak to working men and women
+from my lay pulpit, in the same words, with the
+same voice, with the same thoughts I was in the
+habit of using when doctoring them. This is the
+reason of their plain speaking. There is no other
+way of reaching these sturdy and weather and work-beaten
+understandings; there is nothing fine about
+them outside, though they are often as white in the
+skin under their clothes as a duchess, and their
+hearts as soft and tender as Jonathan's, or as
+Rachel's, or our own Grizel Baillie's; but you
+must speak out to them, and must not be mealy-mouthed
+if you wish to reach their minds and affections
+and wills. I wish the gentlefolks could hear
+and could use a little more of this outspokenness;
+and, as old Porson said, condescend to call a spade
+a spade, and not a horticultural implement; five
+letters instead of twenty-two, and more to the
+purpose.</p>
+
+<p>You see, my dear working friends, I am great
+upon sparing your strength and taking things cannily.
+"All very well," say you; "it is easy speaking,
+and saying, Take it easy; but if the pat's on
+the fire it maun bile." It must, but you needn't<span class="pagenum">[9]</span>
+poke up the fire forever, and you may now and then
+set the kettle on the hob, and let it sing, instead of
+leaving it to burn its bottom out.</p>
+
+<p>I had a friend who injured himself by overwork.
+One day I asked the servant if any person had
+called, and was told that some one had. "Who
+was it?" "O, it's the little gentleman that <i>aye
+rins when he walks</i>!" So I wish this age would
+walk more and "rin" less. A man can walk farther
+and longer than he can run, and it is poor
+saving to get out of breath. A man who lives to
+be seventy, and has ten children and (say) five-and-twenty
+grandchildren, is of more worth to the state
+than three men who die at thirty, it is to be hoped
+unmarried. However slow a coach seventy may
+have been, and however energetic and go-ahead the
+three thirties, I back the tortoise against the hares
+in the long run.</p>
+
+<p>I am constantly seeing men who suffer, and indeed
+die, from living too fast; from true though
+not consciously immoral dissipation or scattering
+of their lives. Many a man is bankrupt in constitution
+at forty-five, and either takes out a <i>cessio</i>
+of himself to the grave, or goes on paying ten per
+cent for his stock-in-trade; he spends his capital
+instead of merely spending what he makes, or better
+still, laying up a purse for the days of darkness<span class="pagenum">[10]</span>
+and old age. A queer man, forty years ago,&mdash;Mr.
+Slate, or, as he was called, <i>Sclate</i>, who was too
+clever and not clever enough, and had not wisdom
+to use his wit, always scheming, full of "go," but
+never getting on,&mdash;was stopped by his friend, Sir
+Walter Scott,&mdash;that wonderful friend of us all, to
+whom we owe Jeanie Deans and Rob Roy, Meg
+Merrilies and Dandie Dinmont, Jinglin' Geordie,
+Cuddie Headrigg, and the immortal Baillie,&mdash;one
+day in Princess Street. "How are ye getting on,
+Sclate?" "Oo, just the auld thing, Sir Walter;
+<i>ma pennies a' gang on tippenny eerands</i>." And
+so it is with our nervous power, with our vital
+capital, with the pence of life; many of them go
+on "tippenny eerands." We are forever getting
+our bills renewed, till down comes the poor and
+damaged concern with dropsy or consumption, blazing
+fever, madness, or palsy. There is a Western
+Banking system in living, in using our bodily
+organs, as well as in paper-money. But I am running
+off into another sermon.</p>
+
+<p>Health of mind and body, next to a good conscience,
+is the best blessing our Maker can give us,
+and to no one is it more immediately valuable than
+to the laboring man and his wife and children; and
+indeed a good conscience is just moral health, the
+wholeness of the sense and the organ of duty; for<span class="pagenum">[11]</span>
+let us never forget that there is a religion of the
+body, as well as, and greatly helpful of, the religion
+of the soul. We are to glorify God in our souls and
+in our bodies, for the best of all reasons, <i>because
+they are his</i>, and to remember that at last we
+must give account, not only of our thoughts and
+spiritual desires and acts, but <i>all the deeds done in
+our body</i>. A husband who, in the morning before
+going to his work, would cut his right hand off
+sooner than injure the wife of his bosom, strangles
+her that same night when mad with drink; that is
+a deed done in his body, and truly by his body, for
+his judgment is gone; and for that he must give
+an account when his name is called; his judgment
+was gone; but then, as the child of a drunken
+murderer said to me, "A' but, sir, wha goned it?"
+I am not a teetotaler. I am against teetotalism as
+a doctrine of universal application; I think we are
+meant to use these things as not abusing them,&mdash;this
+is one of the disciplines of life; but I not the
+less am sure that drunkenness ruins men's bodies,&mdash;it
+is not for me to speak of souls,&mdash;is a greater
+cause of disease and misery, poverty, crime, and
+death among the laboring men and women of our
+towns, than consumption, fever, cholera, and all
+their tribe, with thieving and profligacy and improvidence
+thrown into the bargain: these slay<span class="pagenum">[12]</span>
+their thousands; this its tens of thousands. Do
+you ever think of the full meaning of "he's the
+waur o' drink?" How much the waur?&mdash;and
+then "dead drunk,"&mdash;"mortal." Can there be
+anything more awfully significant than these expressions
+you hear from children in the streets?</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>You will see in the woodcut a good illustration
+of the circulation of the blood: both that through
+our lungs, by which we breathe and burn, and that
+through the whole body, by which we live and
+build. That hand grasps the heart, the central
+depot, with its valves opening out and in, and, by
+its contraction and relaxation, makes the living
+fluid circulate everywhere, carrying in strength,
+life, and supply to all, and carrying off waste and
+harm. None of you will be the worse of thinking
+of that hand as His who makes, supports, moves,
+and governs all things,&mdash;that hand which, while
+it wheels the rolling worlds, gathers the lambs with
+his arm, carries them in his bosom, and gently
+leads those that are with young, and which was
+once nailed for "our advantage on the bitter cross."</p>
+
+<p class="author">J. B.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">23 Rutland Street</span>,<br />
+December 16, 1861.</p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<span class="pagenum">[13]</span>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/fig011.png" width="300" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="h3">CONTENTS.</p>
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdlsc">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdrfirst">Page</td></tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#PREFACE">Preface</a></td>
+    <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdlsc">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td></tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">SERMON</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#SERMON_I">I.</a></td>
+    <td class="tdlsc">The Doctor: our Duties to him</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td></tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#SERMON_II">II.</a></td>
+    <td class="tdlsc">The Doctor: his Duties to you</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td></tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#SERMON_III">III.</a></td>
+    <td class="tdlsc">Children, and how to guide them</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td></tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#SERMON_IV">IV.</a></td>
+    <td class="tdlsc">Health</td>
+    <td class="tdr">56</td></tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#SERMON_V">V.</a></td>
+    <td class="tdlsc">Medical Odds and Ends</td>
+    <td class="tdr">71</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<br />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;">
+<img src="images/fig011b.png" width="100" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum">[14]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/fig012.png" width="300" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum">[15]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/fig013a.png" width="400" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="h2">HEALTH.</p>
+
+<h2><a name="SERMON_I" id="SERMON_I"></a>SERMON I.</h2>
+
+<p class="h3">THE DOCTOR: OUR DUTIES TO HIM.</p>
+
+<p><img class="dropimg" src="images/img-e.png" width="50" alt="" />
+<span class="hide">E</span><b>VERYBODY</b> knows the Doctor; a very
+important person he is to us all. What
+could we do without him? He brings us
+into this world, and tries to keep us as long in it as
+he can, and as long as our bodies can hold together;
+and he is with us at that strange and last hour which
+will come to us all, when we must leave this world
+and go into the next.</p>
+
+<p>When we are well, we perhaps think little about
+the Doctor, or we have our small joke at him and
+his drugs; but let anything go wrong with our body,
+that wonderful tabernacle in which our soul dwells,
+let any of its wheels go wrong, then off we fly to
+him. If the mother thinks her husband or her child
+dying, how she runs to him, and urges him with her
+tears! how she watches his face, and follows his
+searching eye, as he examines the dear sufferer; how<span class="pagenum">[16]</span>
+she wonders what he thinks,&mdash;what would she give
+to know what he knows! how she wearies for his
+visit! how a cheerful word from him makes her heart
+leap with joy, and gives her spirit and strength to
+watch over the bed of distress! Her whole soul
+goes out to him in unspeakable gratitude when he
+brings back to her from the power of the grave her
+husband or darling child. The Doctor knows many of
+our secrets, of our sorrows, which no one else knows,&mdash;some
+of our sins, perhaps, which the great God
+alone else knows; how many cares and secrets, how
+many lives, he carries in his heart and in his hands!
+So you see he is a very important person the Doctor,
+and we should do our best to make the most of him,
+and to do our duty to him and to ourselves.</p>
+
+<p>A thinking man feels often painfully what a serious
+thing it is to be a doctor, to have the charge of
+the lives of his fellow-mortals, to stand, as it were,
+between them and death and eternity and the judgment-seat,
+and to fight hand to hand with Death.
+One of the best men and greatest physicians that
+ever lived, Dr. Sydenham, says, in reference to this,
+and it would be well if all doctors, young and old,
+would consider his words:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"It becomes every man who purposes to give himself
+to the care of others, seriously to consider the
+four following things: <i>First</i>, That he must one
+day give an account to the Supreme Judge of all the
+lives intrusted to his care. <i>Secondly</i>, That all his<span class="pagenum">[17]</span>
+skill and knowledge and energy, as they have been
+given him by God, so they should be exercised for
+his glory and the good of mankind, and not for
+mere gain or ambition. <i>Thirdly</i>, and not more
+beautifully than truly, Let him reflect that he has
+undertaken the care of no mean creature, for, in
+order that we may estimate the value, the greatness
+of the human race, the only begotten Son of God
+became himself a man, and thus ennobled it with
+his divine dignity, and, far more than this, died to
+redeem it; and <i>Fourthly</i>, That the Doctor, being
+himself a mortal man, should be diligent and tender
+in relieving his suffering patients, inasmuch as
+he himself must one day be a like sufferer."</p>
+
+<p>I shall never forget a proof I myself got twenty
+years ago, how serious a thing it is to be a doctor,
+and how terribly in earnest people are when they
+want him. It was when cholera first came here in
+1832. I was in England at Chatham, which you
+all know is a great place for ships and sailors. This
+fell disease comes on generally in the night; as the
+Bible says, "it walks in darkness," and many a
+morning was I roused at two o'clock to go and see
+its sudden victims, for then is its hour and power.
+One morning a sailor came to say I must go three
+miles down the river to a village where it had broken
+out with great fury. Off I set. We rowed in
+silence down the dark river, passing the huge hulks,
+and hearing the restless convicts turning in their<span class="pagenum">[18]</span>
+beds in their chains. The men rowed with all their
+might: they had too many dying or dead at home
+to have the heart to speak to me. We got near the
+place; it was very dark, but I saw a crowd of men
+and women on the shore, at the landing-place. They
+were all shouting for the Doctor; the shrill cries
+of the women, and the deep voices of the men coming
+across the water to me. We were near the
+shore, when I saw a big old man, his hat off, his
+hair gray, his head bald; he said nothing, but
+turning them all off with his arm, he plunged into
+the sea, and before I knew where I was, he had me in
+his arms. I was helpless as an infant. He waded
+out with me, carrying me high up in his left arm,
+and with his right levelling every man or woman
+who stood in his way.</p>
+
+<p>It was Big Joe carrying me to see his grandson,
+little Joe; and he bore me off to the poor convulsed
+boy, and dared me to leave him till he was better.
+He did get better, but Big Joe was dead that night.
+He had the disease on him when he carried me away
+from the boat, but his heart was set upon his boy.
+I never can forget that night, and how important
+a thing it was to be able to relieve suffering, and
+how much Old Joe was in earnest about having the
+Doctor.</p>
+
+<p>Now, I want you to consider how important the
+Doctor is to you. Nobody needs him so much as
+the poor and laboring man. He is often ill. He<span class="pagenum">[19]</span>
+is exposed to hunger and wet and cold, and to fever,
+and to all the diseases of hard labor and poverty.
+His work is heavy, and his heart is often heavy, too,
+with misery of all kinds,&mdash;his heart weary with
+its burden,&mdash;his hands and limbs often meeting
+with accidents,&mdash;and you know if the poor man,
+if one of you falls ill and takes fever, or breaks his
+leg, it is a far more serious thing than with a richer
+man. Your health and strength are all you have to
+depend on; they are your stock-in-trade, your capital.
+Therefore I shall ask you to remember <i>four
+things</i> about your duty to the Doctor, so as to get
+the most good out of him, and do the most good to
+him too.</p>
+
+<p><i>1st</i>, It is your duty to trust the Doctor;</p>
+
+<p><i>2dly</i>, It is your duty to obey the Doctor;</p>
+
+<p><i>3dly</i>, It is your duty to speak the truth to the
+Doctor, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth;
+and,</p>
+
+<p><i>4thly</i>, It is your duty to reward the Doctor.</p>
+
+<p>And so now for the <i>first</i>. It is your duty to <i>trust</i>
+the Doctor, that is, to believe in him. If you were
+in a ship, in a wild storm, and among dangerous
+rocks, and if you took a pilot on board, who knew
+all the coast and all the breakers, and had a clear eye,
+and a firm heart, and a practised hand, would you
+not let him have his own way? would you think
+of giving him your poor advice, or keep his hand
+from its work at the helm? You would not be such<span class="pagenum">[20]</span>
+a fool, or so uncivil, or so mad. And yet many people
+do this very same sort of thing, just because
+they don't really trust their Doctor; and a doctor
+is a pilot for your bodies when they are in a storm
+and in distress. He takes the helm, and does his
+best to guide you through a fever; but he must
+have fair play; he must be trusted even in the dark.
+It is wonderful what cures the very sight of a doctor
+will work, if the patient believes in him; it is
+half the battle. His very face is as good as a medicine,
+and sometimes better,&mdash;and much pleasanter
+too.</p>
+
+<p>One day a laboring man came to me with indigestion.
+He had a sour and sore stomach, and
+heartburn, and the water-brash, and wind, and
+colic, and wonderful misery of body and mind. I
+found he was eating bad food, and too much of it;
+and then, when its digestion gave him pain, he took
+a glass of raw whiskey. I made him promise to
+give up his bad food and his worse whiskey, and
+live on pease-brose and sweet milk, and I wrote him
+a prescription, as we call it, for some medicine, and
+said, "Take <i>that</i>, and come back in a fortnight and
+you will be well." He did come back, hearty and
+hale;&mdash;no colic, no sinking at the heart, a clean
+tongue, and a cool hand, and a firm step, and a
+clear eye, and a happy face. I was very proud of
+the wonders my prescription had done; and having
+forgotten what it was, I said, "Let me see what I<span class="pagenum">[21]</span>
+gave you." "O," says he, "I took it." "Yes,"
+said I, "but the prescription." "<i>I took it</i>, as you
+bade me. I swallowed it." He had actually eaten
+the bit of paper, and been all that the better of it;
+but it would have done him little, at least less good
+had he not trusted me when I said he would be
+better, and attended to my rules.</p>
+
+<p>So, take my word for it, and trust your Doctor;
+it is his due, and it is for your own advantage.
+Now, our next duty is to <i>obey</i> the Doctor. This
+you will think is simple enough. What use is there
+in calling him in, if we don't do what he bids us?
+and yet nothing is more common&mdash;partly from laziness
+and sheer stupidity, partly from conceit and
+suspiciousness, and partly, in the case of children,
+from false kindness and indulgence&mdash;than to disobey
+the Doctor's orders. Many a child have I seen die
+from nothing but the mother's not liking to make
+her swallow a powder, or put on a blister; and let
+me say, by the by, teach your children at once to
+obey you, and take the medicine. Many a life is
+lost from this, and remember you may make even
+Willie Winkie take his castor-oil in spite of his
+cries and teeth, <i>by holding his nose</i>, so that he must
+swallow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thirdly, You should tell the truth, the whole
+truth, and nothing but the truth</i>, to your Doctor.
+He may be never so clever, and never so anxious,
+but he can no more know how to treat a case of illness<span class="pagenum">[22]</span>
+without knowing all about it, than a miller can
+make meal without corn; and many a life have I
+seen lost from the patient or his friends concealing
+something that was true, or telling something that
+was false. The silliness of this is only equal to its
+sinfulness and its peril.</p>
+
+<p>I remember, in connection with that place where
+Big Joe lived and died, a singular proof of the perversity
+of people in not telling the Doctor the
+truth,&mdash;as you know people are apt to send for
+him in cholera when it is too late, when it is a
+death rather than a disease. But there is an early
+stage, called premonitory,&mdash;or warning,&mdash;when
+medicines can avail. I summoned all the people of
+that fishing-village who were well, and told them
+this, and asked them if they had any of the symptoms.
+They all denied having any (this is a peculiar
+feature in that terrible disease, they are afraid
+to <i>let on</i> to themselves, or even the Doctor, that
+they are "in for it"), though from their looks and
+from their going away while I was speaking, I
+knew they were not telling the truth. Well, I said,
+"You must, at any rate, every one of you take
+some of this," producing a bottle of medicine. I
+will not tell you what it was, as you should never
+take drugs at your own hands, but it is simple and
+cheap. I made every one take it; only one woman
+going away without taking any; she was the only
+one of all those <i>who died</i>.<span class="pagenum">[23]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Lastly, It is your duty to reward</i> your Doctor.
+There are four ways of rewarding your Doctor.
+The first is by giving him your money; the second
+is by giving him your gratitude; the third is by
+your doing his bidding; and the fourth is by speaking
+well of him, giving him a good name, recommending
+him to others. Now, I know few if any
+of you can pay your Doctor, and it is a great public
+blessing that in this country you will always get a
+good Doctor willing to attend you for nothing, and
+this <i>is</i> a great blessing; but let me tell you,&mdash;I
+don't think I need tell you,&mdash;try and pay him, be
+it ever so little. It does you good as well as him;
+it keeps up your self-respect; it raises you in your
+own eye, in your neighbor's, and, what is best, in
+your God's eye, because it is doing what is right.
+The "man of independent mind," be he never so
+poor, is "king of men for a' that"; ay, and "for
+twice and mair than a' that"; and to pay his way
+is one of the proudest things a poor man can say,
+and he may say it oftener than he thinks he can.
+And then let me tell you, as a bit of cool, worldly
+wisdom, that your Doctor will do you all the more
+good, and make a better job of your cure, if he gets
+something, some money for his pains; it is human
+nature and common sense, this. It is wonderful
+how much real kindness and watching and attendance
+and cleanliness you may get <i>for so many
+shillings a week</i>. Nursing is a much better<span class="pagenum">[24]</span>
+article at that,&mdash;much,&mdash;than at <i>nothing</i> a week.
+But I pass on to the other ways of paying or
+rewarding your Doctor, and, above all, <i>to gratitude</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Honey is not sweeter in your mouths, and light
+is not more pleasant to your eyes, and music to your
+ears, and a warm, cosey bed is not more welcome to
+your wearied legs and head, than is the honest, deep
+gratitude of the poor to the young Doctor. It is
+his glory, his reward; he fills himself with it, and
+wraps himself all round with it as with a cloak,
+and goes on in his work, happy and hearty; and
+the gratitude of the poor is worth the having, and
+worth the keeping, and worth the remembering.
+Twenty years ago I attended old Sandie Campbell's
+wife in a fever, in Big Hamilton's Close in the
+Grassmarket,&mdash;two worthy, kindly souls they were
+and are. (Sandie is dead now.) By God's blessing,
+the means I used saved "oor Kirsty's" life,
+and I made friends of these two forever; Sandie
+would have fought for me if need be, and Kirsty
+would do as good. I can count on them as my
+friends, and when I pass the close-mouth in the
+West Port, where they now live, and are thriving,
+keeping their pigs, and their hoary old cuddie and
+cart, I get a courtesy from Kirsty, and see her look
+after me, and turn to the women beside her, and I
+know exactly what she is saying to them about
+"Dr. Broon." And when I meet old Sandie, with<span class="pagenum">[25]</span>
+his ancient and long-lugged friend, driving the
+draff from the distillery for his swine, I see his
+gray eye brighten and glisten, and he looks up and
+gives his manly and cordial nod, and goes on his
+way, and I know that he is saying to himself, "God
+bless him! he saved my Kirsty's life," and he runs
+back in his mind all those twenty past years, and
+lays out his heart on all he remembers, and that
+does him good and me too, and nobody any ill.
+Therefore, give your gratitude to your Doctor, and
+remember him, like honest Sandie; it will not lose
+its reward and it costs you nothing; it is one of
+those things you can give and never be a bit the
+poorer, but all the richer.</p>
+
+<p>One person I would earnestly warn you against,
+and that is the <i>Quack Doctor</i>. If the real Doctor
+is a sort of God of healing, or rather our God's
+cobbler for the body, the Quack is the Devil for
+the body, or rather the Devil's servant against the
+body. And like his father, he is a great liar and
+cheat. He offers you what he cannot give. Whenever
+you see a medicine that cures everything, be
+sure it cures nothing; and remember, it may kill.
+The Devil promised our Saviour all the kingdoms
+of the world if he would fall down and worship
+him; now this was a lie, he could not give him
+any such thing. Neither can the Quack give you
+his kingdoms of health, even though you worship
+him as he best likes, by paying him for his trash;<span class="pagenum">[26]</span>
+he is dangerous and dear, and often deadly,&mdash;have
+nothing to do with him.</p>
+
+<p>We have our duties to one another, yours to me,
+and mine to you: but we have all our duty to one
+else,&mdash;to Almighty God, who is beside us at this
+very moment&mdash;who followed us all this day, and
+knew all we did and didn't do, what we thought
+and didn't think,&mdash;who will watch over us all this
+night,&mdash;who is continually doing us good,&mdash;who
+is waiting to be gracious to us,&mdash;who is the great
+Physician, whose saving health will heal all our
+diseases, and redeem our life from destruction, and
+crown us with loving-kindness and tender mercies,&mdash;who
+can make death the opening into a better
+life, the very gate of heaven; that same death
+which is to all of us the most awful and most certain
+of all things, and at whose door sits its dreadful
+king, with that javelin, that sting of his, which
+is sin, our own sin. Death would be nothing without
+sin, no more than falling asleep in the dark to
+awake to the happy light of the morning. Now,
+I would have you think of your duty to this great
+God, our Father in heaven; and I would have you
+to remember that it is your duty to trust him, to
+believe in him. If you do not, your soul will be
+shipwrecked, you will go down in terror and in
+darkness.</p>
+
+<p>It is your duty to <i>obey</i> him. Whom else in all
+this world should you obey, if not him? and who<span class="pagenum">[27]</span>
+else so easily pleased, if we only do obey? It is
+your duty to speak the truth to him, not that he
+needs any man to tell him anything. He knows
+everything about everybody; nobody can keep a
+secret from him. But he hates lies; he abhors
+a falsehood. He is the God of truth, and must be
+dealt honestly with, in sincerity and godly fear;
+and, lastly, you must in a certain sense <i>reward</i>
+him. You cannot give him money, for the silver
+and gold, the cattle upon a thousand hills, are
+all his already, but you can give him your grateful
+lives; you can give him your hearts; and as
+old Mr. Henry says, "Thanksgiving is good, but
+thanks-living is better."</p>
+
+<p>One word more; you should call your Doctor
+early. It saves time; it saves suffering; it saves
+trouble; it saves life. If you saw a fire beginning
+in your house, you would put it out as fast as you
+could. You might perhaps be able to blow out with
+your breath what in an hour the fire-engine could
+make nothing of. So it is with disease and the
+Doctor. A disease in the morning when beginning
+is like the fire beginning; a dose of medicine, some
+simple thing, may put it out, when if left alone,
+before night it may be raging hopelessly, like the
+fire if left alone, and leaving your body dead and in
+the ruins in a few hours. So, call in the Doctor
+soon; it saves him much trouble, and may save you
+your life.<span class="pagenum">[28]</span></p>
+
+<p>And let me end by asking you to call in the
+Great Physician; to call him instantly, to call
+him in time; there is not a moment to lose. He
+is waiting to be called; he is standing at the door.
+But he must be <i>called</i>,&mdash;he may be called too
+late.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/fig026.png" width="200" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<span class="pagenum">[29]</span>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/fig027a.png" width="400" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="SERMON_II" id="SERMON_II"></a>SERMON II.</h2>
+
+<p class="h3">THE DOCTOR: HIS DUTIES TO YOU.</p>
+
+<p><img class="dropimg" src="images/img-y.png" width="50" alt="" />
+<span class="hide">Y</span><b>OU</b> remember our last sermon was mostly
+about your duties to the Doctor. I am
+now going to speak about his duties to
+you; for you know it is a law of our life, that there
+are no one-sided duties,&mdash;they are all double. It
+is like shaking hands, there must be two at it;
+and both of you ought to give a hearty grip and a
+hearty shake. You owe much to many, and many
+owe much to you. The Apostle says, "Owe no
+man anything but to love one another"; but if
+you owe that, you must be forever paying it; it is
+always due, always running on; and the meanest
+and most helpless, the most forlorn, can always pay
+and be paid in that coin, and in paying can buy
+more than he thought of. Just as a farthing candle,
+twinkling out of a cotter's window, and, it
+may be, guiding the gudeman home to his wife and
+children, sends its rays out into the infinite expanse<span class="pagenum">[30]</span>
+of heaven, and thus returns, as it were, the
+light of the stars, which are many of them suns.
+You cannot pass any one on the street to whom
+you are not bound by this law. If he falls down,
+you help to raise him. You do your best to relieve
+him, and get him home; and let me tell you,
+to your great gain and honor, the poor are far more
+ready and better at this sort of work than the gentlemen
+and ladies. You do far more for each other
+than they do. You will share your last loaf; you
+will sit up night after night with a neighbor you
+know nothing about, just because he is your neighbor,
+and you know what it is to be neighbor-like.
+You are more natural and less selfish than the fine
+folks. I don't say you are better, neither do I say
+you are worse; that would be a foolish and often
+mischievous way of speaking. We have all virtues
+and vices and advantages peculiar to our condition.
+You know the queer old couplet,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Them what is rich, them rides in chaises;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Them what is poor, them walks like blazes."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>If you were well, and not in a hurry, and it were
+cold, would you not much rather "walk like blazes"
+than ride listless in your chaise? But this I know,
+for I have seen it, that according to their means,
+the poor bear one another's burdens far more than
+the rich.</p>
+
+<p>There are many reasons for this, outside of yourselves,<span class="pagenum">[31]</span>
+and there is no need of your being proud of
+it or indeed of anything else; but it is something
+to be thankful for, in the midst of all your hardships,
+that you in this have more of the power and
+of the luxury of doing immediate, visible good.
+You pay this debt in ready-money, as you do your
+meal and your milk; at least you have very short
+credit, and the shorter the better. Now, the Doctor
+has his duties to you, and it is well that he
+should know them, and that you should know them
+too; for it will be long before you and he can do
+without each other. You keep each other alive.
+Disease, accidents, pain, and death reign everywhere,
+and we call one another <i>mortals</i>, as if our
+chief peculiarity was that we must die, and you all
+know how death came into this world. "By one
+man sin entered the world, and death by sin; and
+so death passed upon all men, for that all have
+sinned"; and disease, disorder, and distress are the
+fruits of sin, as truly as that apple grew on that
+forbidden tree. You have nowadays all sorts of
+schemes for making bad men good, and good men
+better. The world is full of such schemes, some of
+them wise and some foolish; but to be wise they
+must all go on the principle of lessening misery by
+lessening <i>sin</i>; so that the old weaver at Kilmarnock,
+who at a meeting for abolishing slavery, the corn
+laws, and a few more things, said, "Mr. Preses,
+I move that we abolish Original Sin," was at least<span class="pagenum">[32]</span>
+beginning at the right end. Only fancy what a
+world it would be, what a family any of ours would
+be, when everybody did everything that was right,
+and nothing that was wrong, say for a week! The
+world would not know itself. It would be inclined
+to say with the "wee bit wifiekie," though reversing
+the cause, "This is no me." I am not going
+to say more on this point. It is not my parish.
+But you need none of you be long ignorant of who
+it is who has abolished death, and therefore vanquished
+sin.</p>
+
+<p>Well, then, it is the duty of the Doctor in the
+first place, to <i>cure us</i>; in the second, <i>to be kind to
+us</i>; in the third, to be <i>true to us</i>; in the fourth, to
+keep <i>our secrets</i>; in the fifth, to <i>warn us</i>, and, best
+of all, to <i>forewarn us</i>; in the sixth, to <i>be grateful
+to us</i>; and, in the last, to <i>keep his time and his
+temper</i>.</p>
+
+<p>And, <i>first</i>, it is the duty of the Doctor to <i>cure</i>
+you,&mdash;if he can. That is what we call him in for;
+and a doctor, be he never so clever and delightful,
+who doesn't cure, is like a mole-catcher who can't
+catch moles, or a watchmaker who can do everything
+but make your watch go. Old Dr. Pringle
+of Perth, when preaching in the country, found his
+shoes needed mending, and he asked the brother whom
+he was assisting to tell him of good cobbler, or as he
+called him, a <i>snab</i>. His friend mentioned a "Tammas
+Rattray, a godly man, and an elder." "But,"<span class="pagenum">[33]</span>
+said Dr. Pringle, in his snell way, "can he mend
+my shoon? that's what I want; I want a shoemaker;
+I'm not wanting an elder." It turned out that
+Tammas was a better elder than a shoemaker. A
+doctor was once attending a poor woman in labor;
+it was a desperate case, requiring a cool head and a
+firm will; the good man&mdash;for he <i>was</i> good&mdash;had
+neither of these, and, losing his presence of mind,
+gave up the poor woman as lost, and retired into
+the next room to pray for her. Another doctor,
+who, perhaps, wanted what the first one had, and
+certainly had what he wanted, brains and courage,
+meanwhile arrived, and called out, "Where is
+Doctor &mdash;&mdash;?" "O, he has gone into the next
+room to pray!" "Pray! tell him to come here
+this moment, and help me; he can work and pray
+too"; and with his assistance the snell doctor saved
+that woman's life. This, then, is the Doctor's first
+duty to you,&mdash;to cure you,&mdash;and for this he must,
+in the first place, be up to his business; he must
+know what to do, and, secondly, he must be able to
+do it; he must not merely do as a pointer dog does,
+stand and say, "There it is," and no more, he must
+point and shoot too. And let me tell you, moreover,
+that unless a man likes what he is at, and is in earnest,
+and sticks to it, he will no more make a good
+doctor than a good anything else. Doctoring is not
+only a way for a man to do good by curing disease,
+and to get money to himself for doing this, but it is<span class="pagenum">[34]</span>
+also a study which interests for itself alone, like
+geology, or any other science; and moreover it is a
+way to fame and the glory of the world; all these
+four things act upon the mind of the Doctor, but
+unless the first one is uppermost, his patient will
+come off second-best with him; he is not the man
+for your lives or for your money.</p>
+
+<p>They tell a story, which may not be word for
+word true, but it has truth and a great principle in
+it, as all good stories have. It is told of one of our
+clever friends, the French, who are so knowing in
+everything. A great French doctor was taking an
+English one round the wards of his hospital; all
+sort of miseries going on before them, some dying,
+others longing for death, all ill; the Frenchman
+was wonderfully eloquent about all their diseases,
+you would have thought he saw through them, and
+knew all their secret wheels like looking into a watch
+or into a glass beehive. He told his English friend
+what would be seen in such a case, <i>when the body
+was opened</i>! He spent some time in this sort of
+work, and was coming out, full of glee, when the
+other doctor said: "But, Doctor &mdash;&mdash;, you haven't
+<i>prescribed</i> for these cases." "O, neither I have!"
+said he, with a grumph and a shrug; "I quite forgot
+<i>that</i>"; that being the one thing why these poor
+people were there, and why he was there too. Another
+story of a Frenchman, though I dare say we
+could tell it of ourselves. He was a great professor,<span class="pagenum">[35]</span>
+and gave a powerful poison as a medicine for an
+ugly disease of the skin. He carried it very far, so
+as to weaken the poor fellow, who died, just as the
+last vestige of the skin disease died too. On looking
+at the dead body, quite smooth and white, and also
+quite dead, he said, "Ah, never mind; he was <i>dead
+cured</i>."</p>
+
+<p>So let me advise you, as, indeed, your good sense
+will advise yourselves, to test a Doctor by this: Is
+he in earnest? Does he speak little and do much?
+Does he make your case his first care? He may,
+after that, speak of the weather, or the money-market;
+he may gossip, and even <i>haver</i>; or he may
+drop, quietly and shortly, some "good words,"&mdash;the
+fewer the better; something that causes you to
+think and feel; and may teach you to be more of the
+Publican than of the Pharisee, in that story you
+know of, when they two went up to the temple to
+pray; but, generally speaking, the Doctor should,
+like the rest of us, stick to his trade and mind his
+business.</p>
+
+<p><i>Secondly</i>, It is the Doctor's duty to be <i>kind</i> to
+you. I mean by this, not only to speak kindly, but
+to <i>be</i> kind, which includes this and a great deal
+more, though a kind word, as well as a merry heart,
+does good like a medicine. Cheerfulness, or rather
+cheeriness, is a great thing in a Doctor; his very
+foot should have "music in't, when he comes up the
+stair." The Doctor should never lose his power of<span class="pagenum">[36]</span>
+pitying pain, and letting his patient see this and
+feel it. Some men, and they are often the best at
+their proper work, can let their hearts come out
+only through their eyes; but it is not the less sincere,
+and to the point; you can make your mouth
+say what is not true; you can't do quite so much
+with your eyes. A Doctor's eye should command,
+as well as comfort and cheer his patient; he should
+never let him think disobedience or despair possible.
+Perhaps you think Doctors get hardened by
+seeing so much suffering; this is not true. Pity
+as a motive, as well as a feeling ending in itself, is
+stronger in an old Doctor than in a young, so he be
+made of the right stuff. He comes to know himself
+what pain and sorrow mean, what their weight
+is, and how grateful he was or is for relief and
+sympathy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thirdly</i>, It is his duty to be <i>true</i> to you. True
+in word and in deed. He ought to speak nothing
+but the truth, as to the nature, and extent, and
+issues of the disease he is treating; but he is not
+bound, as I said you were, to tell <i>the whole truth</i>,&mdash;that
+is for his own wisdom and discretion to
+judge of; only, never let him tell an untruth, and
+let him be honest enough, when he can't say anything
+definite, to say nothing. It requires some
+courage to confess our ignorance, but it is worth it.
+As to the question, often spoken of,&mdash;telling a
+man he is dying,&mdash;the Doctor must, in the first<span class="pagenum">[37]</span>
+place, be sure the patient is dying; and, secondly,
+that it is for his good, bodily and mental, to tell
+him so: he should almost always warn the friends,
+but, even here, cautiously.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fourthly</i>, It is his duty to <i>keep your secrets</i>.
+There are things a Doctor comes to know and is
+told which no one but he and the Judge of all
+should know; and he is a base man, and unworthy
+to be in such a noble profession as that of healing,
+who can betray what he knows must injure, and in
+some cases may ruin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fifthly</i>, It is his duty to <i>warn</i> you against what
+is injuring your health. If he finds his patient has
+brought disease upon himself by sin, by drink, by
+overwork, by over-eating, by over-anything, it is
+his duty to say so plainly and firmly, and the same
+with regard to the treatment of children by their
+parents; the family doctor should forewarn them;
+he should explain, as far as he is able and they can
+comprehend them, the Laws of Health, and so tell
+them how to <i>prevent disease</i>, as well as do his best
+to <i>cure</i> it. What a great and rich field there is
+here for our profession, if they and the public could
+only work well together! In this, those queer,
+half-daft, half-wise beings, the Chinese, take a wiser
+way; they pay their Doctor for keeping them well,
+and they stop his pay as long as they are ill!</p>
+
+<p><i>Sixthly</i>, It is his duty to be <i>grateful</i> to you;
+1st, for employing him, whether you pay him in<span class="pagenum">[38]</span>
+money or not, for a Doctor, worth being one, makes
+capital, makes knowledge, and therefore power, out
+of every case he has; 2dly, for obeying him and
+getting better. I am always very much obliged to
+my patients for being so kind as to be better, and
+for saying so; for many are ready enough to say
+they are worse, not so many to say they are better,
+even when they are; and you know our Scotch
+way of saying, "I'm no that ill," when "I" is
+in high health, or, "I'm no ony waur," when
+"I" is much better. Don't be niggards in this;
+it cheers the Doctor's heart, and it will lighten
+yours.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seventhly</i>, and lastly, It is the Doctor's duty <i>to
+keep his time and his temper</i> with you. Any man
+or woman who knows how longed for a doctor's
+visit is, and counts on it to a minute, knows how
+wrong, how painful, how angering it is for the
+Doctor not to keep his time. Many things may
+occur, for his urgent cases are often sudden, to put
+him out of his reckoning; but it is wonderful what
+method, and real consideration, and a strong will
+can do in this way. I never found Dr. Abercrombie
+a minute after or <i>before</i> his time (both are bad,
+though one is the worser), and yet if I wanted him
+in a hurry, and stopped his carriage in the street,
+he could always go with me at once; he had the
+knack and the principle of being true in his times,
+for it is often a matter of <i>truth</i>. And the Doctor<span class="pagenum">[39]</span>
+must keep his <i>temper</i>: this is often worse to manage
+than even his time, there is so much unreason,
+and ingratitude, and peevishness, and impertinence,
+and impatience, that it is very hard to keep one's
+tongue and eye from being angry: and sometimes
+the Doctor does not only well, but the best, when
+he is downrightly angry, and astonishes some fool,
+or some insolent, or some untruth doing or saying
+patient; but the Doctor should be patient with his
+patients, he should bear with them, knowing how
+much they are at the moment suffering. Let us
+remember Him who is full of compassion, whose
+compassion never fails; whose tender mercies are
+new to us every morning, as his faithfulness is every
+night; who healed all manner of diseases, and was
+kind to the unthankful and the evil; what would
+become of us, if he were as impatient with us as
+we often are with each other? If you want to be
+impressed with the Almighty's infinite loving-kindness
+and tender mercy, his forbearance, his long-suffering
+patience, his slowness to anger, his Divine
+ingeniousness in trying to find it possible to
+spare and save, think of the Israelites in the desert,
+and read the chapter where Abraham intercedes
+with God for Sodom, and these wonderful "peradventures."</p>
+
+<p>But I am getting tedious, and keeping you and
+myself too long, so good night. Let the Doctor
+and you be honest and grateful, and kind and cordial,<span class="pagenum">[40]</span>
+in one word, dutiful to each other, and you
+will each be the better of the other.</p>
+
+<p>I may by and by say a word or two to you on
+your <i>Health</i>, which is your wealth, that by which
+you are and do well, and on your <i>Children</i>, and
+how to guide it and them.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/fig038.png" width="200" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<span class="pagenum">[41]</span>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/fig039ai.png" width="400" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="SERMON_III" id="SERMON_III"></a>SERMON III.</h2>
+
+<p class="h3">CHILDREN, AND HOW TO GUIDE THEM.</p>
+
+<p><img class="dropimg" src="images/img-o.png" width="50" alt="" />
+<span class="hide">O</span><b>UR</b> text at this time is Children and their
+treatment, or as it sounds better to our
+ears, Bairns, and how to guide them.
+You all know the wonder and astonishment there is
+in a house among its small people when a baby is
+born; how they stare at the new arrival with its
+red face. Where does it come from? Some tell
+them it comes from the garden, from a certain kind
+of cabbage; some from "Rob Rorison's bonnet,"
+of which wha hasna heard? some from that famous
+wig of Charlie's, in which the cat kittled, when
+there was three o' them leevin', and three o' them
+dead; and you know the Doctor is often said to
+bring the new baby in his pocket; and many a
+time have my pockets been slyly examined by the
+curious youngsters,&mdash;especially the girls!&mdash;in
+hopes of finding another baby. But I'll tell you
+where all the babies come from; <i>they all come from</i><span class="pagenum">[42]</span>
+<i>God</i>; his hand made and fashioned them; he
+breathed into their nostrils the breath of life,&mdash;of
+his life. He said, "Let this little child be," and
+it was. A child is a true creation; its soul, certainly,
+and in a true sense, its body too. And as
+our children came from him, so they are going
+back to him, and he lends them to us as keepsakes;
+we are to keep and care for them for his
+sake. What a strange and sacred thought this is!
+Children are God's gifts to us, and it depends on
+our guiding of them, not only whether they are
+happy here, but whether they are happy hereafter
+in that great unchangeable eternity, into which you
+and I and all of us are fast going. I once asked a
+little girl, "Who made you?" and she said, holding
+up her apron as a measure, "God make me that
+length, and I growed the rest myself." Now this,
+as you know, was not quite true, for she could not
+grow one half-inch by herself. God makes us grow
+as well as makes us at first. But what I want you
+to fix in your minds is, that children come from
+God, and are returning to him, and that you and I,
+who are parents, have to answer to him for the
+way we behave to our dear children,&mdash;the kind of
+care we take of them.</p>
+
+<p>Now, a child consists, like ourselves, of a body
+and a soul. I am not going to say much about the
+guiding of the souls of children,&mdash;that is a little
+out of my line,&mdash;but I may tell you that the soul,<span class="pagenum">[43]</span>
+especially in children, depends much, for its good
+and for its evil, for its happiness or its misery, upon
+the kind of body it lives in: for the body is just
+the house that the soul dwells in; and you know
+that, if a house be uncomfortable, the tenant of it
+will be uncomfortable and out of sorts; if its windows
+let the rain and wind in, if the chimney smoke,
+if the house be damp, and if there be a want of
+good air, then the people who live in it will be miserable
+enough; and if they have no coals, and no
+water, and no meat, and no beds, then you may be
+sure it will soon be left by its inhabitants. And so,
+if you don't do all you can to make your children's
+bodies healthy and happy, their souls will get miserable
+and cankered and useless, their tempers peevish;
+and if you don't feed and clothe them right,
+then their poor little souls will leave their ill-used
+bodies,&mdash;will be starved out of them; and many a
+man and woman have had their tempers, and their
+minds and hearts, made miseries to themselves, and
+all about them, just from a want of care of their
+bodies when children.</p>
+
+<p>There is something very sad, and, in a true sense,
+very unnatural, in an unhappy child. You and I,
+grown-up people, who have cares, and have had sorrows
+and difficulties and sins, may well be dull and sad
+sometimes; it would be still sadder, if we were not
+often so; but children should be always either laughing
+and playing, or eating and sleeping. Play is<span class="pagenum">[44]</span>
+their business. You cannot think how much useful
+knowledge, and how much valuable bodily exercise,
+a child teaches itself in its play; and look how
+merry the young of other animals are: the kitten
+making fun of everything, even of its sedate mother's
+tail and whiskers; the lambs, running races in
+their mirth; even the young asses,&mdash;the baby-cuddie,&mdash;how
+pawky and droll and happy he looks
+with his fuzzy head, and his laughing eyes, and his
+long legs, stot, stotting after that venerable and <i>sair
+nauden-doun lady</i>, with the long ears, his mother.
+One thing I like to see, is a child clean in the morning.
+I like to see its plump little body well washed,
+and sweet and <i>caller</i> from top to bottom. But
+there is another thing I like to see, and that is a
+child dirty at night. I like a <i>steerin' bairn</i>,&mdash;goo-gooin',
+crowing and kicking, keeping everybody
+alive. Do you remember William Miller's song
+of "Wee Willie Winkie?" Here it is. I think
+you will allow, especially you who are mothers, that
+it is capital.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Wee Willie Winkie<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rins through the toun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Up stairs an' doon stairs<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">In his nicht-goun,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tirlin' at the window,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Crying at the lock,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">'Are the weans in their bed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For it's noo ten o'clock?'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"'Hey Willie Winkie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Are ye comin' ben!<span class="pagenum">[45]</span><br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The cat's singin' gray thrums<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To the sleepin' hen,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The dog's speldert on the floor,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And disna gi'e a cheep,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But here's a waakrife laddie!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That winna fa' asleep.'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"'Onything but sleep, you rogue!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Glow'rin' like the moon!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rattlin' in an airn jug<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wi' an airn spoon,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rumblin', tumblin' roun' about,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Crawin' like a cock,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Skirlin' like a kenna-what,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wauk'nin' sleepin' folk.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"'Hey, Willie Winkie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The wean's in a creel!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wamblin' aff a bodie's knee<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like a verra eel,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ruggin' at the cat's lug,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And ravelin' a' her thrums,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hey, Willie Winkie,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">See, there he comes!'<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Wearied is the mither<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That has a stoorie wean,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A wee stumpie stousie,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Wha canna rin his lane,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That has a battle aye wi' sleep<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Afore he'll close an e'e,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But ae kiss frae aff his rosy lips<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gi'es strength anew to me."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Is not this good? first-rate! The cat singin'
+gray thrums, and the wee stumpie stousie, ruggin'
+at her lug, and ravlin' a' her thrums; and then<span class="pagenum">[46]</span>
+what a din he is making!&mdash;rattlit' in an airn jug
+wi' an airn spoon, skirlin' like a kenna-what, and
+ha'in' a battle aye wi' sleep. What a picture of a
+healthy and happy child!</p>
+
+<p>Now, I know how hard it is for many of you to
+get meat for your children, and clothes for them,
+and bed and bedding for them at night, and I know
+how you have to struggle for yourselves and them,
+and how difficult it often is for you to take all the
+care you would like to do of them, and you will believe
+me when I say, that it is a far greater thing, because
+a far harder thing, for a poor, struggling, and
+it may be weakly woman in your station, to bring
+up her children comfortably, than for those who are
+richer; but still you may do a great deal of good
+at little cost either of money or time or trouble.
+And it is well-wared pains; it will bring you in
+two hundred percent in real comfort, and profit,
+and credit; and so you will, I am sure, listen good-naturedly
+to me, when I go over some plain and
+simple things about the health of your children.</p>
+
+<p>To begin with their <i>heads</i>. You know the head
+contains the brain, which is the king of the body,
+and commands all under him; and it depends on his
+being good or bad whether his subjects,&mdash;the legs,
+and arms, and body, and stomach, and our old friends
+the bowels, are in good order and happy, or not.
+Now, first of all, keep the head cool. Nature has
+given it a nightcap of her own in the hair, and it<span class="pagenum">[47]</span>
+is the best. And keep the head clean. Give it a
+good scouring every Saturday night at the least; and
+if it get sore and scabbit, the best thing I know for
+it is to wash it with soft soap (black soap), and put
+a big cabbage-blade on it every night. Then for
+the <i>lungs</i>, or <i>lichts</i>,&mdash;the bellows that keep the
+fire of life burning,&mdash;they are very busy in children,
+because a child is not like grown-up folk, merely
+keeping itself up. It is doing this, and growing
+too; and so it eats more, and sleeps more, and
+breathes more in proportion than big folk. And
+to carry on all this business it must have fresh air,
+and lots of it. So, whenever it can be managed, a
+child should have a good while every day in the
+open air, and should have well-aired places to sleep
+in. Then for their <i>nicht-gowns</i>, the best are long
+flannel gowns; and children should be always more
+warmly clad than grown-up people,&mdash;cold kills
+them more easily. Then there is the <i>stomach</i>, and
+as this is the kitchen and great manufactory, it is
+almost always the first thing that goes wrong in
+children, and generally as much from too much being
+put in, as from its food being of an injurious
+kind. A baby, for nine months after it is born,
+should have almost nothing but its mother's milk.
+This is God's food, and it is the best and the cheapest,
+too. If the baby be healthy it should be weaned
+or spained at nine or ten months; and this should
+be done gradually, giving the baby a little gruel, or<span class="pagenum">[48]</span>
+new milk, and water and sugar, or thin bread-berry
+once a day for some time, so as gradually to wean it.
+This makes it easier for mother as well as baby.
+No child should get meat or hard things till it gets
+teeth to chew them, and no baby should ever get a
+drop of whiskey, or any strong drink, unless by the
+Doctor's orders. Whiskey, to the soft, tender stomach
+of an infant, is like vitriol to ours; it is a burning
+poison to its dear little body, as it may be a burning
+poison and a curse to its never-dying soul. As you
+value your children's health of body, and the salvation
+of their souls, never give them a drop of whiskey;
+and let mothers, above all others, beware of
+drinking when nursing. The whiskey passes from
+their stomachs into their milk, and poisons their
+own child. This is a positive fact. And think of
+a drunk woman carrying and managing a child! I
+was once, many years ago, walking in Lothian Street,
+when I saw a woman staggering along very drunk.
+She was carrying a child; it was lying over her
+shoulder. I saw it slip, slippin' farther and farther
+back. I ran, and cried out; but before I could get
+up, the poor little thing, smiling over its miserable
+mother's shoulder, fell down, like a stone, on its head
+on the pavement; it gave a gasp, and turned up its
+blue eyes, and had a convulsion, and its soul was
+away to God, and its little soft, waefu' body lying
+dead, and its idiotic mother grinning and staggering
+over it, half seeing the dreadful truth, then forgetting<span class="pagenum">[49]</span>
+it, and cursing and swearing. That was a
+sight! so much misery, and wickedness, and ruin.
+It was the young woman's only child. When she
+came to herself, she became mad, and is to this day
+a drivelling idiot, and goes about forever seeking for
+her child, and cursing the woman who killed it.
+This is a true tale, too true.</p>
+
+<p>There is another practice which I must notice,
+and that is giving children laudanum to make them
+sleep, and keep them quiet, and for coughs and
+windy pains. Now, this is a most dangerous thing.
+I have often been called in to see children who
+were dying, and who did die, from laudanum given
+in this way. I have known four drops to kill a
+child a month old; and ten drops one a year old.
+The best rule, and one you should stick to, as under
+God's eye as well as the law's, is, never to give
+laudanum without a Doctor's line or order. And
+when on this subject, I would also say a word about
+the use of opium and laudanum among yourselves.
+I know this is far commoner among the poor in
+Edinburgh than is thought. But I assure you,
+from much experience, that the drunkenness and
+stupefaction from the use of laudanum is even worse
+than that from whiskey. The one poisons and
+makes mad the body; the other, the laudanum,
+poisons the mind, and makes it like an idiot's. So,
+in both matters beware; death is in the cup, murder
+is in the cup, and poverty and the workhouse,<span class="pagenum">[50]</span>
+and the gallows, and an awful future of pain and
+misery,&mdash;all are in the cup. These are the wages
+the Devil pays his servants with for doing his work.</p>
+
+<p>But to go back to the bairns. At first a word
+on our old friends, the bowels. Let them alone
+as much as you can. They will put themselves
+and keep themselves right, if you take care to prevent
+wrong things going into the stomach. No
+sour apples, or raw turnips or carrots; no sweeties
+or tarts, and all that kind of abomination; no
+tea, to draw the sides of their tender little stomachs
+together; no whiskey, to kill their digestion; no
+<i>Gundy</i>, or <i>Taffy</i>, or <i>Lick</i>, or <i>Black Man</i>, or <i>Jib</i>;
+the less sugar and sweet things the better; the
+more milk and butter and fat the better; but plenty
+of plain, halesome food, parritch and milk, bread
+and butter, potatoes and milk, good broth,&mdash;kail as
+we call it. You often hear of the wonders of cod-liver
+oil, and they are wonders; poor little wretches
+who have faces like old puggies, and are all belly
+and no legs, and are screaming all day and all night
+too,&mdash;these poor little wretches under the cod-liver
+oil, get sonsy, and rosy, and fat, and happy,
+and strong. Now, this is greatly because the cod-liver
+oil is capital <i>food</i>. If you can't afford to get
+cod-liver oil for delicate children, or if they reject
+it, give them plain olive oil, a tablespoonful twice
+a day, and take one to yourself, and you will be
+astonished how you will both of you thrive.<span class="pagenum">[51]</span></p>
+
+<p>Some folk will tell you that children's feet should
+be always kept warm. I say no. No healthy child's
+feet are warm; but the great thing is to keep the
+body warm. That is like keeping the fire good,
+and the room will be warm. The chest, the breast,
+is the place where the fire of the body,&mdash;the heating
+apparatus,&mdash;is, and if you keep it warm, and
+give <i>it</i> plenty of fuel, which is fresh air and good
+food, you need not mind about the feetikins, they
+will mind themselves; indeed, for my own part, I
+am so ungenteel as to think bare feet and bare legs
+in summer the most comfortable wear, costing
+much less than leather and worsted, the only kind
+of soles that are always fresh. As to the moral
+training of children, I need scarcely speak to you.
+What people want about these things is, not knowledge,
+but the will to do what is right,&mdash;what they
+know to be right, and the moral power to do it.</p>
+
+<p>Whatever you wish your child to be, be it yourself.
+If you wish it to be happy, healthy, sober,
+truthful, affectionate, honest, and godly, be yourself
+all these. If you wish it to be lazy and sulky, and
+a liar, and a thief, and a drunkard, and a swearer,
+be yourself all these. As the old cock crows, the
+young cock learns. You will remember who said,
+"Train up a child in the way he should go, and
+when he is old he will not depart from it." And
+you may, as a general rule, as soon expect to gather
+grapes from thorns, and figs from thistles, as get<span class="pagenum">[52]</span>
+good, healthy, happy children from diseased and
+lazy and wicked parents.</p>
+
+<p>Let me put you in mind, seriously, of one thing
+that you ought to get done to all your children,
+and that is, to have them vaccinated, or inoculated
+with the cow-pock. The best time for this
+is two months after birth, but better late than
+never, and in these times you need never have any
+excuse for its not being done. You have only to
+take your children to the Old or the New Town
+Dispensaries. It is a real crime, I think, in parents
+to neglect this. It is cruel to their child,
+and it is a crime to the public. If every child in
+the world were vaccinated, which might be managed
+in few years, that loathsome and deadly disease,
+the small-pox, would disappear from the face of the
+earth; but many people are so stupid, and so lazy,
+and so prejudiced, as to neglect this plain duty, till
+they find to their cost that it is too late. So promise
+me, all seriously in your hearts, to see to this if
+it is not done already, and see to it immediately.</p>
+
+<p>Be always frank and open with your children.
+Make them trust you and tell you all their secrets.
+Make them feel at ease with you, and make <i>free</i>
+with them. There is no such good plaything for
+grown-up children like you and me as <i>weans</i>, wee
+ones. It is wonderful what you can get them to do
+with a little coaxing and fun. You all know this as
+well as I do, and you all practise it every day in your<span class="pagenum">[53]</span>
+own families. Here is a pleasant little story out of
+an old book. "A gentleman having led a company
+of children beyond their usual journey, they began
+to get weary, and all cried to him to carry them on
+his back, but because of their multitude he could
+not do this. 'But,' says he, 'I'll get horses for us
+all'; then cutting little wands out of the hedge as
+ponies for them, and a great stake as a charger for
+himself, this put mettle in their little legs, and they
+rode cheerily home." So much for a bit of ingenious
+fun.</p>
+
+<p>One thing, however poor you are, you can give
+your children, and that is your prayers, and they
+are, if real and humble, worth more than silver or
+gold,&mdash;more than food and clothing, and have often
+brought from our Father who is in heaven, and hears
+our prayers, both money and meat and clothes, and
+all worldly good things. And there is one thing you
+can always teach your child; you may not yourself
+know how to read or write, and therefore you may
+not be able to teach your children how to do these
+things; you may not know the names of the stars
+or their geography, and may therefore not be able
+to tell them how far you are from the sun, or
+how big the moon is; nor be able to tell
+them the way to Jerusalem or Australia, but you
+may always be able to tell them who made the
+stars and numbered them, and you may tell them
+the road to heaven. You may always teach them to<span class="pagenum">[54]</span>
+pray. Some weeks ago, I was taken out to see the
+mother of a little child. She was very dangerously
+ill, and the nurse had left the child to come and help
+me. I went up to the nursery to get some hot
+water, and in the child's bed I saw something raised
+up. This was the little fellow under the bedclothes
+kneeling. I said, "What are you doing?" "I am
+praying God to make mamma better," said he. God
+likes these little prayers and these little people,&mdash;for
+of such is the kingdom of heaven. These are
+his little ones, his lambs, and he hears their cry;
+and it is enough if they only lisp their prayers.
+"Abba, Father," is all he needs; and our prayers
+are never so truly prayers as when they are most
+like children's in simplicity, in directness, in perfect
+fulness of reliance. "They pray right up," as
+black Uncle Tom says in that wonderful book, which
+I hope you have all read and wept over.</p>
+
+<p>I forgot to speak about punishing children. I
+am old-fashioned enough to uphold the ancient practice
+of warming the young bottoms with some
+sharpness, if need be; it is a wholesome and capital
+application, and does good to the bodies, and the
+souls too, of the little rebels, and it is far less cruel
+than being sulky, as some parents are, and keeping
+up a grudge at their children. Warm the bott, say
+I, and you will warm the heart too; and all goes
+right.</p>
+
+<p>And now I must end. I have many things I could<span class="pagenum">[55]</span>
+say to you, but you have had enough of me and my
+bairns, I am sure. Go home, and when you see the
+little curly pows on their pillows, sound asleep, pour
+out a blessing on them, and ask our Saviour to make
+them his; and never forget what we began with,
+that they came from God, and are going back to
+him, and let the light of eternity fall upon them as
+they lie asleep, and may you resolve to dedicate them
+and yourselves to him who died for them and for us
+all, and who was once himself a little child, and
+sucked the breasts of a woman, and who said that
+awful saying, "Whosoever shall offend one of these
+little ones, it had been better for him that a millstone
+were hanged about his neck, and that he were
+drowned in the midst of the sea."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/fig053.png" width="150" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<span class="pagenum">[56]</span>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/fig013a.png" width="400" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="SERMON_IV" id="SERMON_IV"></a>SERMON IV.</h2>
+
+<p class="h3">HEALTH.</p>
+
+<p><img class="dropimg" src="images/img-m.png" width="50" alt="" />
+<span class="hide">M</span><b>Y DEAR FRIENDS</b>,&mdash;I am going to
+give you a sort of sermon about your
+health,&mdash;and you know a sermon has
+always a text; so, though I am only a doctor, I
+mean to take a text for ours, and I will choose it, as
+our good friends the ministers do, from that best of
+all books, the Bible. Job ii. 4: "All that a man
+hath will he give for his life."</p>
+
+<p>This, you know, was said many thousands of years
+ago by the Devil, when, like a base and impudent
+fellow, as he always was and is, he came into the
+presence of the great God, along with the good
+angels. Here, for once in his life, the Devil spoke
+the truth and shamed himself.</p>
+
+<p>What he meant, and what I wish you now seriously
+to consider, is, that a man&mdash;you or I&mdash;will
+lose anything sooner than life; we would give everything
+for it, and part with all the money, everything
+we had, to keep away death and to lengthen our days.<span class="pagenum">[57]</span>
+If you had &pound;500 in a box at home, and knew that
+you would certainly be dead by to-morrow unless
+you gave the &pound;500, would you ever make a doubt
+about what you would do? Not you! And if you
+were told that if you got drunk, or worked too hard,
+or took no sort of care of your bodily health, you
+would turn ill to-morrow and die next week, would
+you not keep sober, and work more moderately, and
+be more careful of yourself?</p>
+
+<p>Now, I want to make you believe that you are too
+apt to do this very same sort of thing in your daily
+life, only that instead of to-morrow or next week,
+your illness and your death comes next year, or at
+any rate, some years sooner than otherwise. <i>But
+your death is actually preparing already, and that
+by your own hands</i>, by your own ignorance, and
+often by your own foolish and sinful neglect and
+indulgence. A decay or rottenness spreads through
+the beams of a house, unseen and unfeared, and
+then, by and by down it comes, and is utterly destroyed.
+So it is with our bodies. You plant, by
+sin and neglect and folly, the seeds of disease by
+your own hands; and as surely as the harvest comes
+after the seed-time, so will you reap the harvest of
+pain, and misery, and death. And remember there
+is nobody to whom health is so valuable, is worth so
+much, as the poor laboring man; it is his stock-in-trade,
+his wealth, his capital; his bodily strength
+and skill are the main things he can make his living<span class="pagenum">[58]</span>
+by, and therefore he should take better care of his
+body and its health than a rich man; for a rich man
+may be laid up in his bed for weeks and months,
+and yet his business may go on, for he has means
+to pay his men for working under him, or he may
+be what is called "living on his money." But if a
+poor man takes fever, or breaks his leg, or falls into
+a consumption, his wife and children soon want
+food and clothes: and many a time do I see on the
+streets poor, careworn men, dying by inches of consumption,
+going to and from their work, when, poor
+fellows, they should be in their beds; and all this
+just because they cannot afford to be ill and to lie
+out of work,&mdash;they cannot spare the time and the
+wages.</p>
+
+<p>Now, don't you think, my dear friends, that it is
+worth your while to attend to your health? If you
+were a carter or a coach-driver, and had a horse,
+would you not take care to give him plenty of corn,
+and to keep his stable clean and well aired, and to
+curry his skin well, and you would not kill him with
+overwork, for, besides the cruelty, this would be a
+dead loss to you,&mdash;it would be so much out of your
+pocket? And don't you see that God has given you
+your bodies to work with, and to please him with
+their diligence; and it is ungrateful to him, as well
+as unkind and wicked to your family and yourself, to
+waste your bodily strength, and bring disease and
+death upon yourselves? But you will say, "How<span class="pagenum">[59]</span>
+can we make a better of it? We live from hand to
+mouth; we can't have fine houses and warm clothes,
+and rich food and plenty of it." No, I know that;
+but if you have not a fine house, you may always
+have a clean one, and fresh air costs nothing,&mdash;God
+gives it to all his children without stint,&mdash;and
+good plain clothes and meal may now be had
+cheaper than ever.</p>
+
+<p>Health is a word that you all have some notion of,
+but you will perhaps have a clearer idea of it when I
+tell you what the word comes from. Health was
+long ago <i>wholth</i>, and comes from the word <i>whole</i> or
+<i>hale</i>. The Bible says, "They that are whole need
+not a physician"; that is, healthy people have no
+need of a doctor. Now, a man is whole when, like
+a bowl or any vessel, he is entire, and has nothing
+broken about him; he is like a watch that goes well,
+neither too fast nor too slow. But you will perhaps
+say, "You doctors should be able to put us all to
+rights, just as a watchmaker can clean and sort a
+watch; if you can't, what are you worth?" But
+the difference between a man and a watch is, that
+you must try to mend the man when he is going.
+You can't stop him and then set him agoing; and,
+you know, it would be no joke to a watchmaker, or
+to the watch, to try and clean it while it was going.
+But God, who does everything like himself, with
+his own perfectness, has put inside each of our bodies
+a Doctor of his own making,&mdash;one wiser than<span class="pagenum">[60]</span>
+we with all our wisdom. Every one of us has in
+himself a power of keeping and setting his health
+right. If a man is overworked, God has ordained
+that he desires rest, and that rest cures him. If he
+lives in a damp, close place, free and dry air cures
+him. If he eats too much, fasting cures him. If
+his skin is dirty, a good scrubbing and a bit of yellow
+soap will put him all to rights.</p>
+
+<p>What we call disease or sickness is the opposite
+of health, and it comes on us,&mdash;1st. By descent
+from our parents. It is one of the surest of all legacies;
+if a man's father and mother are diseased,
+naturally or artificially, he will have much chance
+to be as bad, or worse. 2dly. Hard work brings on
+disease, and some kinds of work more than others.
+Masons who hew often fall into consumption;
+laborers get rheumatism, or what you call "the
+pains"; painters get what is called their colic, from
+the lead in the paint, and so on. In a world like
+ours, this set of causes of disease and ill health cannot
+be altogether got the better of; and it was God's
+command, after Adam's sin, that men should toil
+and sweat for their daily bread; but more than the
+half of the bad effects of hard work and dangerous
+employments might be prevented by a little plain
+knowledge, attention, and common sense. 3dly.
+Sin, wickedness, foolish and excessive pleasures, are
+a great cause of disease. Thousands die from drinking,
+and from following other evil courses. There<span class="pagenum">[61]</span>
+is no life so hard, none in which the poor body
+comes so badly off, and is made so miserable, as the
+life of a drunkard or a dissolute man. I need
+hardly tell you, that this cause of death and disease
+you can all avoid. I don't say it is easy for any
+man in your circumstances to keep from sin; he is
+a foolish or ignorant man who says so, and that
+there are no temptations to drinking. You are
+much less to blame for doing this than people who
+are better off; but you <span class="smcap">CAN</span> keep from drinking,
+and you know as well as I do, how much better and
+happier, and healthier and richer and more respectable
+you will be if you do so. 4thly and lastly.
+Disease and death are often brought on from ignorance,
+from not knowing what are called the <i>laws
+of health</i>,&mdash;those easy, plain, common things which,
+if you do, you will live long, and which, if you do
+not do, you will die soon.</p>
+
+<p>Now, I would like to make a few simple statements
+about this to you; and I will take the body
+bit by bit, and tell you some things that you should
+know and do in order to keep this wonderful house
+that your soul lives in, and by the deeds done in
+which you will one day be judged,&mdash;and which is
+God's gift and God's handiwork,&mdash;clean and comfortable,
+hale, strong, and hearty; for you know
+that, besides doing good to ourselves and our family
+and our neighbors with our bodily labor, we are told
+that we should glorify God in our bodies as well as<span class="pagenum">[62]</span>
+in our souls, for they are his, more his than ours,&mdash;he
+has bought them by the blood of his Son
+Jesus Christ. We are not our own, we are bought
+with a price; therefore ought we to glorify God
+with our souls and with our bodies, which are
+his.</p>
+
+<p>Now, first, for <i>the skin</i>. You should take great
+care of it, for on its health a great deal depends;
+keep it clean, keep it warm, keep it dry, give it air;
+have a regular scrubbing of all your body every
+Saturday night; and, if you can manage it, you
+should every morning wash not only your face, but
+your throat and breast, with cold water, and rub
+yourself quite dry with a hard towel till you glow
+all over. You should keep your hair short if you
+are men; it saves you a great deal of trouble and
+dirt.</p>
+
+<p>Then, the inside of your <i>head</i>,&mdash;you know what
+is inside your head,&mdash;your brain; you know how
+useful it is to you. The cleverest pair of hands
+among you would be of little use without brains:
+they would be like a body without a soul, a watch
+with the mainspring broken. Now, you should
+consider what is best for keeping the brain in good
+trim. One thing of great consequence is <i>regular
+sleep, and plenty of it</i>. Every man should have at
+the least eight hours in his bed every four-and-twenty
+hours, and let him sleep all the time if he
+can; but even if he lies awake it is a rest to his<span class="pagenum">[63]</span>
+wearied brain, as well as to his wearied legs and
+arms. <i>Sleep is the food of the brain.</i> Men may
+go mad and get silly, if they go long without sleep.
+Too much sleep is bad; but I need hardly warn you
+against that, or against too much meat. You are
+in no great danger from these.</p>
+
+<p>Then, again, whiskey and all kinds of intoxicating
+liquors in excess are just so much poison to the
+brain. I need not say much about this, you all
+know it; and we all know what dreadful things
+happen when a man poisons his brain and makes
+it mad, and like a wild beast with drink; he may
+murder his wife, or his child, and when he comes
+to himself he knows nothing of how he did it, only
+the terrible thing is certain, that he <i>did</i> do it, and
+that he may be hanged for doing something when
+he was mad, and which he never dreamt of doing
+when in his senses: but then he knows that he
+made himself mad, and he must take all the wretched
+and tremendous consequences.</p>
+
+<p>From the brains we go to the <i>lungs</i>,&mdash;you know
+where they are,&mdash;they are what the butchers call
+the <i>lichts</i>; here they are, they are the bellows that
+keep the fire of life going; for you must know
+that a clever German philosopher has made out
+that we are all really burning,&mdash;that our bodies
+are warmed by a sort of burning or combustion, as
+it is called,&mdash;and fed by breath and food, as a fire
+is fed with coals and air.<span class="pagenum">[64]</span></p>
+
+<p>Now the great thing for the lungs is plenty of
+fresh air, and plenty of room to play in. About
+seventy thousand people die every year in Britain
+from that disease of the lungs called consumption,&mdash;that
+is, nearly half the number of people in the city
+of Edinburgh; and it is certain that more than
+the half of these deaths could be prevented if the
+lungs had fair play. So you should always try to
+get your houses well ventilated, that means to let
+the air be often changed, and free from impure
+mixtures; and you should avoid crowding many
+into one room, and be careful to keep everything
+clean, and put away all filth; for filth is not only
+disgusting to the eye and the nose, but is dangerous
+to the health. I have seen a great deal of cholera,
+and been surrounded by dying people, who
+were beyond any help from doctors, and I have
+always found that where the air was bad, the rooms
+ill ventilated, cleanliness neglected, and drunkenness
+prevailed, there this terrible scourge, which God
+sends upon us, was most terrible, most rapidly and
+widely destructive. Believe this, and go home and
+consider well what I now say, for you may be sure
+it is true.</p>
+
+<p>Now we come to the <i>heart</i>. You all know where
+it is. It is the most wonderful little pump in the
+world. There is no steam-engine half so clever at
+its work, or so strong. There it is in every one
+of us, beat, beating,&mdash;all day and all night, year<span class="pagenum">[65]</span>
+after year, never stopping, like a watch ticking;
+only it never needs to be wound up,&mdash;God winds
+it up once for all. It depends for its health on the
+state of the rest of the body, especially the brains
+and lungs. But all violent passions, all irregularities
+of living, damage it. Exposure to cold when
+drunk, falling asleep, as many poor wretches do, in
+stairs all night,&mdash;this often brings on disease of
+the heart; and you know it is not only dangerous
+to have anything the matter with the heart, it is
+the commonest of all causes of sudden death. It
+gives no warning; you drop down dead in a moment.
+So we may say of the bodily as well as of
+the moral organ, "Keep your heart with all diligence;
+for out of it are the issues of life."</p>
+
+<p>We now come to the <i>stomach</i>. You all know, I
+dare say, where it lies! It speaks for itself. Our
+friends in England are very respectful to their stomachs.
+They make a great deal of them, and we
+make too little. If an Englishman is ill, all the
+trouble is in his stomach; if an Irishman is ill, it
+is in his heart, and he's "kilt entirely"; and if a
+Scotsman, it is in his "heed." Now, I wish I saw
+Scots men and women as nice and particular about
+their stomachs, or rather about what they put into
+them, as their friends in England. Indeed, so
+much does your genuine John Bull depend on his
+stomach, and its satisfaction, that we may put in
+his mouth the stout old lines of Prior:<span class="pagenum">[66]</span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"The plainest man alive may tell ye<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The seat of empire is the Belly:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">From hence are sent out those supplies,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Which make us either stout or wise;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The strength of every other member<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is founded on your Belly-timber;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The qualms or raptures of your blood<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rise in proportion to your food,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Your stomach makes your fabric roll,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Just as the bias rules the bowl:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That great Achilles might employ<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The strength designed to ruin Troy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">He dined on lions' marrow, spread<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">On toasts of ammunition bread;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But by his mother sent away,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Amongst the Thracian girls to play,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Effeminate he sat and quiet;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Strange product of a cheese-cake diet.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Observe the various operations,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of food and drink in several nations.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was ever Tartar fierce or cruel,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Upon the strength of water-gruel?<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But who shall stand his rage and force,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">If first he rides, then eats his horse!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Salads and eggs, and lighter fare,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Turn the Italian spark's guitar;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And if I take Dan Congreve right,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pudding and beef make Britons fight."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Good cooking is the beauty of a dinner. It
+really does a man as much good again if he eats his
+food with a relish, and with a little attention, it is
+as easy to cook well as ill. And let me tell the
+wives, that your husbands would like you all the
+better, and be less likely to go off to the public-house,<span class="pagenum">[67]</span>
+if their bit of meat or their drop of broth
+were well cooked. Laboring men should eat well.
+They should, if possible, have meat&mdash;<i>butcher-meat</i>&mdash;ever
+day. Good broth is a capital dish. But,
+above all, keep whiskey out of your stomachs; it
+really plays the very devil when it gets in. It
+makes the brain mad, it burns the coats of the stomach;
+it turns the liver into a lump of rottenness; it
+softens and kills the heart; it makes a man an
+idiot and a brute. If you really need anything
+stronger than good meat, take a pot of wholesome
+porter or ale; but I believe you are better without
+even that. You will be all the better able to afford
+good meat, and plenty of it.</p>
+
+<p>With regard to your <i>bowels</i>,&mdash;a very important
+part of your interior,&mdash;I am not going to say much,
+except that neglect of them brings on many diseases;
+and laboring men are very apt to neglect
+them. Many years ago, an odd old man, at Green-cock,
+left at his death a number of sealed packets to
+his friends, and on opening them they found a Bible,
+&pound;50, and a box of pills, and the words, "Fear God,
+and keep your bowels open." It was good advice,
+though it might have been rather more decorously
+worded. If you were a doctor, you would be astonished
+how many violent diseases of the mind, as
+well as of the body, are produced by irregularity of
+the bowels. Many years ago, an old minister, near
+Linlithgow, was wakened out of his sleep to go to<span class="pagenum">[68]</span>
+see a great lady in the neighborhood who was
+thought dying, and whose mind was in dreadful
+despair, and who wished to see him immediately.
+The old man, rubbing his eyes, and pushing up his
+Kilmarnock nightcap, said, "And when were her
+leddyship's booels opened?" And finding, after
+some inquiry, that they were greatly in arrears, "I
+thocht sae. Rax me ower that pill-box on the
+chimney-piece, and gie my compliments to Leddy
+Margret, and tell her to tak thae twa pills, and
+I'll be ower by and by mysel'." They did as he
+bade them. They did their duty, and the pills did
+theirs, and her leddyship was relieved, and she was
+able at breakfast-time to profit by the Christian
+advice of the good old man, which she could not
+have done when her nerves were all wrong. The
+old Greeks, who were always seeking after wisdom,
+and didn't always find it, showed their knowledge
+and sense in calling depression of mind Melancholy,
+which means black bile. Leddy Margret's liver,
+I have no doubt, had been distilling this perilous
+stuff.</p>
+
+<p>My dear friends, there is one thing I have forgot
+to mention, and that is about keeping common-stairs
+clean; you know they are often abominably filthy,
+and they aggravate fever, and many of your worst
+and most deadly diseases; for you may keep your
+own houses never so clean and tidy, but if the common-stair
+is not kept clean too, all its foul air comes<span class="pagenum">[69]</span>
+into your rooms, and into your lungs, and poisons
+you. So let all in the stair resolve to keep it clean,
+and well aired.</p>
+
+<p>But I must stop now. I fear I have wearied you.
+You see I had nothing new to tell you. The great
+thing in regulating and benefiting human life, is not
+to find out new things, but to make the best of the
+old things,&mdash;to live according to Nature, and the
+will of Nature's God,&mdash;that great Being who bids
+us call him our Father, and who is at this very
+moment regarding each one of us with far more than
+any earthly father's compassion and kindness, and
+who would make us all happy if we would but do
+his bidding, and take his road. He has given us
+minds by which we may observe the laws he has
+ordained in our bodies, and which are as regular and
+as certain in their effects, and as discoverable by us
+as the motions of the sun, moon, and stars in the
+heavens; and we shall not only benefit ourselves
+and live longer and work better and be happier, by
+knowing and obeying these laws, from love to ourselves,
+but we shall please him, we shall glorify
+him, and make him our <i>Friend</i>,&mdash;only think of
+that! and get his blessing, by taking care of our
+health, from love to him, and a regard to his will,
+in giving us these bodies of ours to serve him with,
+and which he has, with his own almighty hands,
+so fearfully and wonderfully made.</p>
+
+<p>I hope you will pardon my plainness in speaking<span class="pagenum">[70]</span>
+to you. I am quite in earnest, and I have a deep
+regard, I may say a real affection, for you; for I
+know you well. I spent many of my early years
+as a doctor in going about among you. I have
+attended you long ago when ill; I have delivered
+your wives, and been in your houses when death
+was busy with you and yours, and I have seen your
+fortitude, energy, and honest, hearty, generous kindness
+to each other; your readiness to help your
+neighbors with anything you have, and to share
+your last sixpence and your last loaf with them. I
+wish I saw half as much real neighborliness and
+sympathy among what are called your betters. If
+a poor man falls down in a fit on the street, who is
+it that takes him up and carries him home, and gives
+him what he needs? it is not the man with a fine
+coat and gloves on,&mdash;it is the poor, dirty-coated,
+hard-handed, warm-hearted laboring man.</p>
+
+<p>Keep a good hold of all these homely and sturdy
+virtues, and add to them temperance and diligence,
+cleanliness and thrift, good knowledge, and, above
+all, the love and the fear of God, and you will not only
+be happy yourselves, but you will make this great
+and wonderful country of ours which rests upon you
+still more wonderful and great.</p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<span class="pagenum">[71]</span>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/fig013a.png" width="400" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="SERMON_V" id="SERMON_V"></a>SERMON V.</h2>
+
+<p class="h3">MEDICAL ODDS AND ENDS.</p>
+
+<p><img class="dropimg" src="images/img-m.png" width="50" alt="" />
+<span class="hide">M</span><b>Y DEAR FRIENDS</b>,&mdash;We are going to
+ring in now, and end our course. I will
+be sorry and glad, and you will be the
+same. We are this about everything. It is the proportion
+that settles it. I am, upon the whole, as
+we say, sorry, and I dare say on the whole you are
+not glad. I dislike parting with anything or anybody
+I like, for it is ten to one if we meet again.</p>
+
+<p>My text is, "<i>That His way may he known upon
+earth; His saving health to all nations.</i>" You will
+find it in that perfect little Psalm, the 67th. But
+before taking it up, I will, as my dear father used to
+say,&mdash;you all remember him, his keen eye and voice;
+his white hair, and his grave, earnest, penetrating
+look; and you should remember and possess his Canongate
+Sermon to you,&mdash;"The Bible, what it is, what
+it does, and what it deserves,"&mdash;well, he used to say,
+let us <i>recapitulate</i> a little. It is a long and rather
+kittle word, but it is the only one that we have. He
+made it longer, but not less alive, by turning it into<span class="pagenum">[72]</span>
+"a few recapitulatory remarks." What ground then
+have we travelled over? <i>First</i>, our duties to and
+about the Doctor; to call him in time, to trust him,
+to obey him, to be grateful to, and to pay him with
+our money and our hearts and our good word, if we
+have all these; if we have not the first, with twice
+as much of the others. <i>Second</i>, the Doctor's
+duties to us. He should be able and willing to cure
+us. That is what he is there for. He should be
+sincere, attentive, and tender to us, keeping his time
+and our secrets. We must tell him all we know
+about our ailments and their causes, and he must
+tell us all that is good for us to know, and no more.
+<i>Third</i>, your duties to your children; to the wee
+Willie Winkies and the little wifies that come toddlin'
+hame. It is your duty to <i>mind</i> them. It is
+a capital Scotch use of this word: they are to be in
+your mind; you are to exercise your understanding
+about them; to give them simple food; to keep
+goodies and trash, and raw pears and whiskey, away
+from their tender mouths and stomachs; to give
+them that never-ending meal of good air, night and
+day, which is truly food and fire to them and you;
+to <i>be</i> good before as well as to them, to speak and
+require the truth in love,&mdash;that is a wonderful expression,
+isn't it?&mdash;the truth in love; that, if
+acted on by us all, would bring the millennium next
+week; to be plain and homely with them, never
+<i>spaining</i> their minds from you. You are all sorry,<span class="pagenum">[73]</span>
+you mothers, when you have to spain their mouths; it
+is a dreadful business that to both parties; but there
+is a spaining of the affections still more dreadful,
+and that need never be, no, never, neither in this
+world nor in that which is to come. Dr. Waugh,
+of London, used to say to bereaved mothers, Rachels
+weeping for their children, and refusing to be comforted,
+for that simplest of all reasons, because they
+were not, after giving them God's words of comfort,
+clapping them on the shoulders, and fixing
+his mild deep eyes on them (those who remember
+those eyes well know what they could mean), "My
+woman, your bairn is where it will have two fathers,
+but never but one mother."</p>
+
+<p>You should also, when the time comes, explain
+to your children what about their own health and
+the ways of the world they ought to know, and for
+the want of the timely knowledge of which many a
+life and character has been lost. Show them, moreover,
+the value you put upon health, by caring for
+your own.</p>
+
+<p>Do your best to get your sons well married, and
+soon. By "well married," I mean that they should
+pair off old-fashionedly, for love, and marry what
+deserves to be loved, as well as what is lovely. I
+confess I think falling in love is the best way to
+begin; but then the moment you fall, you should
+get up and look about you, and see how the land
+lies, and whether it is as goodly as it looks. I<span class="pagenum">[74]</span>
+don't like walking into love, or being carried into
+love; or, above all, being sold or selling yourself
+into it, which, after all, is not it. And by "soon,"
+I mean as soon as they are keeping themselves; for
+a wife, such a wife as alone I mean, is cheaper to a
+young man than no wife, and is his best companion.</p>
+
+<p>Then for your duties to yourselves. See that you
+make yourself do what is <i>immediately</i> just to your
+body, feed it when it is really hungry; let it sleep
+when it, not its master, desires sleep; make it
+happy, poor hard-working fellow! and give it a
+gambol when it wants it and deserves it, and as
+long as it can execute it. Dancing is just the
+music of the feet, and the gladness of the young
+legs, and is well called the poetry of motion. It is
+like all other natural pleasures, given to be used,
+and to be not abused, either by yourself or by those
+who don't like it, and don't enjoy your doing it,&mdash;shabby
+dogs these, beware of them! And if this
+be done, it is a good and a grace, as well as pleasure,
+and satisfies some good end of our being, and
+in its own way glorifies our Maker. Did you ever
+see anything in this world more beautiful than the
+lambs running races and dancing round the big
+stone of the field; and does not your heart get
+young when you hear,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Here we go by Jingo ring,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Jingo ring, Jingo ring;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here we go by Jingo ring,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">About the merry ma tanzie."<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum">[75]</span></div></div>
+
+<p>This is just a dance in honor of poor old pagan
+Jingo; measured movements arising from and
+giving happiness. We have no right to keep ourselves
+or others from natural pleasures; and we are
+all too apt to interfere with and judge harshly the
+pleasures of others; hence we who are stiff and
+given to other pleasures, and who, now that we are
+old, know the many wickednesses of the world, are
+too apt to put the vices of the jaded, empty old
+heart, like a dark and ghastly fire burnt out, into
+the feet and the eyes, and the heart and the head
+of the young. I remember a story of a good old
+Antiburgher minister. It was in the days when
+dancing was held to be a great sin, and to be dealt
+with by the session. Jessie, a comely, and good,
+and blithe young woman, a great favorite of the
+minister's, had been guilty of dancing at a friend's
+wedding. She was summoned before the session to
+be "dealt with,"&mdash;the grim old fellows sternly
+concentrating their eyes upon her, as she stood
+trembling in her striped short-gown, and her pretty
+bare feet. The Doctor, who was one of divinity,
+and a deep thinker, greatly pitying her and himself,
+said, "Jessie, my woman, were ye dancin'?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes," sobbed Jessie.</p>
+
+<p>"Ye maun e'en promise never to dance again,
+Jessie."</p>
+
+<p>"I wull, sir; I wull promise," with a courtesy.</p>
+
+<p>"Now, what were ye thinking o', Jessie, when<span class="pagenum">[76]</span>
+ye were dancin'? tell us truly," said an old elder,
+who had been a poacher in youth.</p>
+
+<p>"Nae ill, sir," sobbed out the dear little woman.</p>
+
+<p>"Then, Jessie, my woman, aye dance," cried the
+delighted Doctor.</p>
+
+<p>And so say I, to the extent, that so long as our
+young girls think "nae ill," they may dance their
+own and their feet's fills; and so on with all the
+round of the sunshine and flowers God has thrown
+on and along the path of his children.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lastly</i>, your duty to your own bodies: to preserve
+them; to make, or rather let&mdash;for they are
+made so to go&mdash;their wheels go sweetly; to keep
+the <i>girs</i> firm round the old barrel; neither to over
+nor under work our bodies, and to listen to their
+teaching and their requests, their cries of pain and
+sorrow; and to keep them as well as your souls unspotted
+from the world. If you want to know a
+good book on Physiology, or the Laws of Health
+and of Life, get Dr. Combe's <i>Physiology</i>; and let
+all you mothers get his delightful <i>Management of
+Infancy</i>. You will love him for his motherly
+words. You will almost think he might have worn
+petticoats,&mdash;for tenderness he might; but in mind
+and will and eye he was every inch a man. It is
+now long since he wrote, but I have seen nothing
+so good since; he is so intelligent, so reverent, so
+full of the solemnity, the sacredness, the beauty, and
+joy of life, and its work; so full of sympathy for<span class="pagenum">[77]</span>
+suffering, himself not ignorant of such evil,&mdash;for
+the latter half of his life was a daily, hourly struggle
+with death, fighting the destroyer from within
+with the weapons of life, his brain and his conscience.
+It is very little physiology that you require,
+so that it is physiology, and is suitable for
+your need. I can't say I like our common people,
+or indeed, what we call our ladies and gentlemen,
+poking curiously into all the ins and outs of our
+bodies as a general accomplishment, and something
+to talk of. No, I don't like it. I would rather they
+chose some other <i>ology</i>. But let them get enough
+to give them awe and love, light and help, guidance
+and foresight.</p>
+
+<p>These, with good sense and good senses, humility,
+and a thought of a hereafter in this world as well as
+in the next, will make us as able to doctor ourselves&mdash;especially
+to act in the <i>preventive service</i>, which
+is your main region of power for good&mdash;as in this
+mortal world we have any reason to expect. And
+let us keep our hearts young, and they will keep our
+legs and our arms the same. For we know now
+that hearts are kept going by having strong, pure,
+lively blood; if bad blood goes into the heart, it
+gets angry, and shows this by beating at our
+breasts, and frightening us; and sometimes it dies
+of sheer anger and disgust, if its blood is poor or
+poisoned, thin and white. "He may dee, but he'll
+never grow auld," said a canty old wife of her old
+minister, whose cheek was ruddy like an apple.<span class="pagenum">[78]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Run for the Doctor</i>; don't saunter to him, or go
+in, by the by, as an old elder of my father's did,
+when his house was on fire. He was a perfect Nathanael,
+and lived more in the next world than in
+this, as you will soon see. One winter night he
+slipped gently into his neighbor's cottage, and found
+James Somerville reading aloud by the blaze of the
+licht coal; he leant over the chair, and waited till
+James closed the book, when he said, "By the by,
+I am thinkin' ma hoose is on fire!" and out he and
+they all ran, in time to see the auld biggin' fall in
+with a glorious blaze. So it is too often when that
+earthly house of ours&mdash;our cottage, our tabernacle&mdash;is
+getting on fire. One moment your finger
+would put out what in an hour all the waters of
+Clyde would be too late for. If the Doctor is
+needed, the sooner the better. If he is not, he can
+tell you so, and you can rejoice that he had a needless
+journey, and pay him all the more thankfully.
+So run early and at once. How many deaths&mdash;how
+many lives of suffering and incapacity&mdash;may
+be spared by being in time! by being a day or two
+sooner. With children this is especially the case,
+and with workingmen in the full prime of life. A
+mustard plaster, a leech, a pill, fifteen drops of Ipecacuanha
+wine, a bran poultice, a hint, or a stitch
+in time, may do all and at once, when a red-hot
+iron, a basinful of blood, all the wisdom of our art,
+and all the energy of the Doctor, all your tenderness<span class="pagenum">[79]</span>
+and care, are in vain. Many a child's life is
+saved by an emetic at night, who would be lost in
+twelve hours. So send in time; it is just to your
+child or the patient, and to yourself; it is just to
+your Doctor; for I assure you we Doctors are often
+sorry, and angry enough, when we find we are too
+late. It affronts us, and our powers, besides affronting
+life and all its meanings, and Him who gives it.
+And we really <i>enjoy</i> curing; it is like running and
+winning a race,&mdash;like hunting and finding and
+killing our game. And then remember to go to
+the Doctor early in the day, as well as in the disease.
+I always like my patients to send and say
+that they would like the Doctor "to call before he
+goes out!" This is like an Irish message, you will
+say; but there is "sinse" in it. Fancy a Doctor
+being sent for, just as he is in bed, to see some one,
+and on going he finds they had been thinking of
+sending in the morning, and that he has to run neck
+and neck with death, with the odds all against him.</p>
+
+<p>I now wind up with some other odds and ends.
+I give you them as an old wife would empty her
+pockets,&mdash;such wallets they used to be!&mdash;in no
+regular order; here a bit of string, now a bit of
+gingerbread, now an "aiple," now a bunch of keys,
+now an old almanac, now three <i>bawbees</i> and a bad
+shilling, a "wheen" buttons all marrowless, a
+thimble, a bit of black sugar, and maybe at the
+very bottom a "goold guinea."<span class="pagenum">[80]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Shoes.</i>&mdash;It is amazing the misery the people of
+civilization endure in and from their shoes. Nobody
+is ever, as they should be, comfortable at once
+in them; they hope in the long-run and after much
+agony, and when they are nearly done, to make
+them fit, especially if they can get them once well
+wet, so that the mighty knob of the big toe may
+adjust himself and be at ease. For my part, if I
+were rich, I would advertise for a clean, wholesome
+man, whose foot was exactly my size, and I would
+make him wear my shoes till I could put them on,
+and not know I was in them.<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> Why is all this?
+Why do you see every man's and woman's feet so
+out of shape? Why are there corns, with their
+miseries and maledictions? Why the virulence and
+unreachableness of those that are "soft"? Why
+do our nails grow in, and sometimes have to be torn
+violently off?</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Frederick the Great kept an aid-de-camp for this purpose,
+and, poor fellow! he sometimes wore them too long,
+and got a kicking for his pains.</p></div>
+
+<p>All because the makers and users of shoes have
+not common sense, and common reverence for God
+and his works enough to study the shape and motions
+of that wonderful pivot on which we turn and
+progress. Because <span class="smcap">Fashion</span>,&mdash;that demon that I
+wish I saw dressed in her own crinoline, in bad
+shoes, a man's old hat, and trailing petticoats, and
+with her (for she must be a <i>her</i>) waist well nipped
+<span class="pagenum">[81]</span>by a circlet of nails with the points inmost, and
+any other of the small torments, mischiefs, and absurdities
+she destroys and makes fools of us with,&mdash;whom,
+I say, I wish I saw drummed and hissed,
+blazing and shrieking, out of the world,&mdash;because
+this contemptible slave, which domineers over her
+makers, says the shoe must be elegant, must be so
+and so, and the beautiful living foot must be crushed
+into it, and human nature must limp along Princess
+Street and through life natty and wretched.</p>
+
+<p>It makes me angry when I think of all this.
+Now, do you want to know how to put your feet
+into new shoes, and yourself into a new world? Go
+and buy from Edmonston and Douglas sixpence
+worth of sense, in <i>Why the Shoe Pinches</i>; you will,
+if you get your shoemaker to do as it bids him, go
+on your ways rejoicing; no more knobby, half-dislocated
+big toes; no more secret parings, and
+slashings desperate, in order to get on that pair of
+exquisite boots or shoes.</p>
+
+<p>Then there is the <i>Infirmary</i>.&mdash;Nothing I like
+better than to see subscriptions to this admirable
+house of help and comfort to the poor, advertised
+as from the quarry men of Craigleith; from Mr.
+Milne the brassfounder's men; from Peeblesshire;
+from the utmost Orkneys; and from those big, human
+mastiffs, the navvies. And yet we doctors are
+often met by the most absurd and obstinate objections
+by domestic servants in town, and by country<span class="pagenum">[82]</span>
+people, to going there. This prejudice is lessening,
+but it is still great. "O, I canna gang into the
+Infirmary; I would rather dee!" Would you, indeed?
+Not you, or, if so, the sooner the better.
+They have a notion that they are experimented on,
+and slain by the surgeons; neglected and poisoned
+by the nurses, etc., etc. Such utter nonsense! I
+know well about the inner life and work of at least
+our Infirmary, and of that noble old Minto House,
+now gone; and I would rather infinitely, were I a
+servant, 'prentice boy, or shopman, a porter, or
+student, and anywhere but in a house of my own,
+and even then, go straight to the Infirmary, than
+lie in a box-bed off the kitchen, or on the top of the
+coal-bunker, or in a dark hole in the lobby, or in a
+double-bedded room. The food, the bedding, the
+physicians, the surgeons, the clerks, the dressers,
+the medicines, the wine and porter,&mdash;and they
+don't scrimp these when necessary,&mdash;the books,
+the Bibles, the baths, are all good,&mdash;are all better
+far than one man in ten thousand can command in
+his own house. So off with a grateful heart and a
+fearless to the Infirmary, and your mistress can
+come in and sit beside you; and her doctor and
+yours will look in and single you out with his smile
+and word, and cheer you and the ward by a kindly
+joke, and you will come out well cured, and having
+seen much to do you good for life. I never knew
+any one who was once in, afraid of going back;
+they know better.<span class="pagenum">[83]</span></p>
+
+<p>There are few things in human nature finer than
+the devotion and courage of medical men to their
+hospital and charitable duties; it is to them a great
+moral discipline. Not that they don't get good&mdash;selfish
+good&mdash;to themselves. Why shouldn't they?
+Nobody does good without getting it; it is a law
+of the government of God. But, as a rule, our
+medical men are not kind and skilful and attentive
+to their hospital patients, because this is to make
+them famous, or even because through this they are
+to get knowledge and fame; they get all this, and
+it is their only and their great reward. But they
+are in the main disinterested men. Honesty is the
+best policy; but, as Dr. Whately, in his keen way,
+says, "that man is not honest who is so for this
+reason," and so with the doctors and their patients.
+And I am glad to say for my profession, few of
+them take this second-hand line of duty.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beards.</i>&mdash;I am for beards out and out, because
+I think the Maker of the beard was and is. This
+is reason enough; but there are many others. The
+misery of shaving, its expense, its consumption of
+time,&mdash;a very corporation existing for no other
+purpose but to shave mankind. Campbell the poet,
+who had always a bad razor, I suppose, and was
+late of rising, said he believed the man of civilization
+who lived to be sixty had suffered more pain in
+littles every day in shaving than a woman with a
+large family had from her lyings-in. This would<span class="pagenum">[84]</span>
+be hard to prove; but it is a process that never gets
+pleasanter by practice; and then the waste of time
+and temper,&mdash;the ugliness of being ill or unshaven.
+Now, we can easily see advantages in it; the masculine
+gender is intended to be more out of doors,
+and more in all weathers than the smooth-chinned
+ones, and this protects him and his Adam's apple
+from harm. It acts as the best of all respirators
+to the mason and the east-wind. Besides, it is a
+glory; and it must be delightful to have and to
+stroke a natural beard, not one like bean-stalks or
+a bottle-brush, but such a beard as Abraham's or
+Abd-el-Kader's. It is the beginning ever to cut,
+that makes all the difference. I hazard a theory,
+that no hair of the head or beard should ever be cut,
+or needs it, any more than the eyebrows or eyelashes.
+The finest head of hair I know is one which was
+never cut. It is not too long; it is soft and thick.
+The secret where to stop growing is in the end of
+the native untouched hair. If you cut it off, the
+poor hair does not know when to stop; and if our
+eyebrows were so cut, they might be made to hang
+over our eyes, and be wrought into a veil. Besides,
+think of the waste of substance of the body in hewing
+away so much hair every morning, and encouraging
+an endless rotation of crops! Well, then, I
+go in for the beards of the next generation, the unshorn
+beings whose beards will be wagging when
+we are away; but of course they must be clean.<span class="pagenum">[85]</span>
+But how are we to sup our porridge and kail?
+Try it when young, when there is just a shadowy
+down on the upper lip, and no fears but they will
+do all this "elegantly" even. Nature is slow and
+gentle in her teaching even the accomplishment of
+the spoon. And as for women's hair, don't plaster
+it with scented and sour grease, or with any grease;
+it has an oil of its own. And don't tie up your
+hair tight, and make it like a cap of iron over your
+skull. And why are your ears covered? You hear
+all the worse, and they are not the cleaner. Besides,
+the ear is beautiful in itself, and plays its own
+part in the concert of the features. Go back to the
+curls, some of you, and try in everything to dress
+as it becomes you, and as you become; not as
+that fine lady, or even your own Tibbie or Grizzy
+chooses to dress, it may be becomingly to her.
+Why shouldn't we even in dress be more ourselves
+than somebody or everybody else?</p>
+
+<p>I had a word about <i>Teeth</i>. Don't get young
+children's teeth drawn. At least, let this be the
+rule. Bad teeth come of bad health and bad and
+hot food, and much sugar. I can't say I am a
+great advocate for the common people going in for
+tooth-brushes. No, they are not necessary in full
+health. The healthy man's teeth clean themselves,
+and so does his skin. A good dose of Gregory
+often puts away the toothache. It is a great thing,
+however, to get them early stuffed, if they need it;<span class="pagenum">[86]</span>
+that really keeps them and your temper whole.
+For appearance' sake merely, I hate false teeth, as
+I hate a wig. But this is not a matter to dogmatize
+about. I never was, I think, deceived by
+either false hair, or false teeth, or false eyes, or false
+cheeks, for there are in the high&mdash;I don't call it
+the great&mdash;world, plumpers for making the cheeks
+round, as well as a certain dust for making them
+bloom. But you and I don't enjoy such advantages.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rheumatism</i> is peculiarly a disease of the workingman.
+One old physician said its only cure
+was patience and flannel. Another said six weeks.
+But I think good flannel and no drunkenness (observe,
+I don't say no drinking, though very nearly
+so) are its best preventives. It is a curious thing,
+the way in which cold gives rheumatism. Suppose
+a man is heated and gets cooled, and being very well
+at any rate, and is sitting or sleeping in a draught;
+the exposed part is chilled; the pores of its skin,
+which are always exuding and exhaling waste from
+the body, contract and shut in this bad stuff; it&mdash;this
+is my theory&mdash;not getting out is taken up by
+a blunder of the deluded absorbents, who are always
+prowling about for something, and it is returned
+back to the centre, and finds its way into the blood,
+and poisons it, affecting the heart, and carrying bad
+money, bad change, bad fat, bad capital all over the
+body, making nerves, lungs, everything unhappy and<span class="pagenum">[87]</span>
+angry. This vitiated blood arrives by and by at the
+origin of its mischief, the chilled shoulder, and here
+it wreaks its vengeance, and in doing so, does some
+general good at local expense. It gives pain; it
+produces a certain inflammation of its own, and if it
+is not got rid of by the skin and other ways, it may
+possibly kill by the rage the body gets in, and the
+heat; or it may inflame the ill-used heart itself, and
+then either kill, or give the patient a life of suffering
+and peril. The medicines we give act not only by
+detecting this poison of blood, which, like yeast,
+leavens all in its neighborhood, but by sending it
+out of the body like a culprit.</p>
+
+<p><i>Vaccination.</i>&mdash;One word for this. Never neglect
+it; get it done within two months after birth, and
+see that it is well done; and get all your neighbors
+to do it.</p>
+
+<p><i>Infectious Diseases.</i>&mdash;Keep out of their way;
+kill them by fresh air and cleanliness; defy them
+by cheerfulness, good food (<i>better</i> food than usual,
+in such epidemics as cholera), good sleep, and a good
+conscience.</p>
+
+<p>When in the midst of and waiting on those who
+are under the scourge of an epidemic, be as little
+very close to the patient as you can, and don't inhale
+his or her breath or exhalations when you can
+help it; be rather in the current to, than from him.
+Be very cleanly in putting away all excretions at
+once, and quite away; go frequently into the fresh<span class="pagenum">[88]</span>
+air; and don't sleep in your day clothes. Do what
+the Doctor bids you; don't crowd round your dying
+friend; you are stealing his life in taking his air,
+and you are quietly killing yourself. This is one of
+the worst and most unmanageable of our Scottish
+habits, and many a time have I cleared the room of
+all but one, and dared them to enter it.</p>
+
+<p>Then you should, in such things as small-pox, as
+indeed in everything, carry out the Divine injunction,
+"<i>Whatsoever</i> ye would that men should do
+unto you, do ye even so to them." Don't send for
+the minister to pray with and over the body of a
+patient in fever or delirium, or a child dying of
+small-pox or malignant scarlet fever; tell him, by
+all means, and let him pray with you, and for your
+child. Prayers, you know, are like gravitation, or
+the light of heaven; they will go from whatever
+place they are uttered; and if they are real prayers,
+they go straight and home to the centre, the focus
+of all things; and you know that poor fellow with
+the crust of typhus on his lips, and its nonsense on
+his tongue,&mdash;that child tossing in misery, not
+knowing even its own mother,&mdash;what can they
+know, what heed can they give to the prayer of the
+minister? He may do all the good he can,&mdash;the
+most good maybe when, like Moses on the hillside,
+in the battle with Amalek, he uplifts his hands
+apart. No! a word spoken by your minister to
+himself and his God, a single sigh for mercy to<span class="pagenum">[89]</span>
+him who is mercy, a cry of hope, of despair of
+self, opening into trust in him, may save that
+child's life, when an angel might pour forth in vain
+his burning, imploring words into the dull or wild
+ears of the sufferer, in the vain hope of getting <i>him</i>
+to pray. I never would allow my father to go to
+typhus cases; and I don't think they lost anything
+by it. I have seen him rising in the dark of his
+room from his knees, and I knew whose case he had
+been laying at the footstool.</p>
+
+<p>And now, my dear friends, I find I have exhausted
+our time, and never yet got to the sermon,
+and its text&mdash;"<i>That the way of God</i>"&mdash;what is
+it? It is his design in setting you here; it is the
+road he wishes you to walk in; it is his providence
+in your minutest as in the world's mightiest things;
+it is his will expressed in his works and word, and
+in your own soul it is his salvation. That it "<i>may
+be known</i>," that the understandings of his intelligent,
+responsible, mortal and immortal creatures
+should be directed to it, to study and (as far as we
+ever can or need) to understand that which, in its
+fulness, passes all understanding; that it may be
+known "<i>on the earth</i>," here, in this very room,
+this very minute; not, as too many preachers and
+performers do, to be known only in the next world,&mdash;men
+who, looking at the stars, stumble at their
+own door, and it may be <i>smoor</i> their own child, besides
+despising, upsetting, and extinguishing their<span class="pagenum">[90]</span>
+own lantern. No! the next world is only to be
+reached through this; and our road through this
+our wilderness is not safe unless on the far beyond
+there is shining the lighthouse on the other side of
+the dark river that has no bridge. Then "<i>His saving
+health</i>"; His health&mdash;whose?&mdash;God's&mdash;his
+soundness, the wholeness, the perfectness, that is
+alone in and from him,&mdash;health of body, of heart,
+and brain, health to the finger-ends, health for
+eternity as well as time. "<i>Saving</i>"; we need to
+be saved, and we are salvable, this is much; and
+God's health can save us, that is more. When a
+man or woman is fainting from loss of blood, we
+sometimes try to save them, when all but gone, by
+transfusing the warm rich blood of another into
+their veins. Now this is what God, through his
+Son, desires to do; to transfuse his blood, himself,
+through his Son, who is himself, into us, diseased
+and weak. "<i>And</i>" refers to his health being
+"<i>known</i>," recognized, accepted, used, "<i>among all
+nations</i>"; not among the U.P.s, or the Frees, or
+the Residuaries, or the Baptists, or the New Jerusalem
+people,&mdash;nor among us in the Canongate,
+or in Biggar, or even in old Scotland, but "among
+all nations"; then, and only then, will the people
+praise thee, O God; will all the people praise
+thee. Then, and then only, will the earth yield
+her increase, and God, even our own God, will bless
+us. God will bless us, and all the ends of the earth
+shall fear him.<span class="pagenum">[91]</span></p>
+
+<p>And now, my dear and patient friends, we must
+say good night. You have been very attentive, and
+it has been a great pleasure to me as we went on to
+preach to you. We came to understand one another.
+You saw through my jokes, and that they were
+not always nothing but jokes. You bore with my
+solemnities, because I am not altogether solemn;
+and so good night, and God bless you, and may you,
+as Don Quixote, on his death-bed, says to Sancho,
+May you have your eyes closed by the soft fingers
+of your great-grandchildren. But no, I must shake
+hands with you, and kiss the bairns,&mdash;why shouldn't
+I? if their mouths are clean and their breath sweet?
+As for you, <i>Ailie</i>, you are wearying for the child;
+and he is tumbling and fretting in his cradle, and
+wearying for you; good by, and away you go on
+your milky way. I wish I could (unseen) see you
+two enjoying each other. And good night, my
+bonnie <i>wee wifie</i>; you are sleepy, and you must be
+up to make your father's porridge; and <i>Master
+William Winkie</i>, will you be still for one moment
+while I address you? Well, Master William, <i>wamble</i>
+not off your mother's lap, neither rattle in your
+excruciating way in an airn jug wi' an airn spoon;
+no more crowing like a cock, or skirlin' like a kenna-what.
+I had much more to say to you, sir, but
+you will not bide still; off with you, and a blessing
+with you.</p>
+
+<p>Good night, <i>Hugh Cleland</i>, the best smith of any<span class="pagenum">[92]</span>
+smiddy; with your bowly back, your huge arms,
+your big heavy brows and eyebrows, your clear
+eye, and warm unforgetting heart. And you, <i>John
+Noble</i>, let me grip your horny hand, and count the
+queer knobs made by the perpetual mell. I used,
+when I was a Willie Winkie, and wee, to think
+that you were born with them. Never mind, you
+were born for them, and of old you handled the
+trowel well, and built to the plumb. <i>Thomas Bertram</i>,
+your loom is at a discount, but many's the
+happy day I have watched you and your shuttle,
+and the interweaving treadles, and all the mysteries
+of setting the "wab." You are looking well, and
+though not the least of an ass, you might play Bottom
+must substantially yet. <i>Andrew Wilson</i>, across
+the waste of forty years and more I snuff the fragrance
+of your shop; have you forgiven me yet for
+stealing your paint-pot (awful joy!) for ten minutes
+to adorn my rabbit-house, and for blunting
+your pet <i>furmer</i>? Wise you were always, and in
+the saw-pit you spoke little, and wore your crape.
+Yourself wears well, but take heed of swallowing
+your shavings unawares, as is the trick of you
+"wrights"; they confound the interior and perplex
+the Doctor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rob Rough</i>, you smell of rosin, and your look is
+stern, nevertheless, or all the rather, give me your
+hand. What a grip! You have been the most
+sceptical of all my hearers; you like to try everything,<span class="pagenum">[93]</span>
+and you hold fast only what you consider
+good; and then on your <i>crepida</i> or stool, you have
+your own think about everything human and divine,
+as you smite down errors on the lapstane,
+and "yerk" your arguments with a well-rosined
+lingle; throw your window open for yourself as
+well as for your blackbird; and make your shoes
+not to pinch. I present you, sir, with a copy of
+the book of the wise Switzer.</p>
+
+<p>And nimble <i>Pillans</i>, the clothier of the race, and
+quick as your needle, strong as your corduroys, I
+bid you good night. May you and the cooper be
+like him of Fogo, each a better man than his father;
+and you, <i>Mungo</i> the mole-catcher, and <i>Tod Laurie</i>,
+and <i>Sir Robert</i> the cadger, and all the other odd
+people, I shake your fists twice, for I like your line.
+I often wish I had been a mole-catcher, with a brown
+velveteen, or (fine touch of tailoric fancy!) a moleskin
+coat; not that I dislike moles,&mdash;I once ate
+the fore-quarter of one, having stewed it in a Florence
+flask, some forty years ago, and liked it,&mdash;but
+I like the killing of them, and the country by-ways,
+and the regularly irregular life, and the importance
+of my trade.</p>
+
+<p>And good night to you all, you women-folks.
+<i>Marion Graham</i> the milkwoman; <i>Tibbie Meek</i> the
+single servant; <i>Jenny Muir</i> the sempstress; <i>Mother
+Johnston</i> the howdie, thou consequential Mrs. Gamp,
+presiding at the gates of life; and you in the corner<span class="pagenum">[94]</span>
+there, <i>Nancy Cairns</i>, gray-haired, meek and old,
+with your crimped mutch as white as snow; the
+shepherd's widow, the now childless mother, you
+are stepping home to your <i>bein</i> and lonely room,
+where your cat is now ravelling a' her thrums,
+wondering where "she" is.</p>
+
+<p>Good night to you all, big and little, young and
+old; and go home to your bedside, there is Some
+One waiting there for you, and his Son is here
+ready to take you to him. Yes, he is waiting for
+every one of you, and you have only to say, "Father,
+I have sinned,&mdash;take me"&mdash;and he sees you a
+great way off. But to reverse the parable; it is
+the first-born, your elder brother, who is at your
+side, and leads you to your Father, and says, "I
+have paid his debt"; that Son who is ever with
+him, whose is all that he hath.</p>
+
+<p>I need not say more. You know what I mean.
+You know who is waiting, and you know who it is
+who stands beside you, having the likeness of the
+Son of Man. Good night! The night cometh in
+which neither you nor I can work,&mdash;may we work
+while it is day; whatsoever thy <i>hand</i> findeth to do,
+do it with thy might, for there is no work or device
+in the grave, whither we are all of us hastening;
+and when the night is spent, may we all enter on a
+healthful, a happy, an everlasting to-morrow!</p>
+
+<br />
+
+<p class="h3">Cambridge: Printed by Welch, Bigelow, &amp; Co.</p>
+
+<p class="spacer">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<p class="h3">
+VEST-POCKET SERIES<br />
+<br />
+OF<br />
+<br />
+Standard and Popular Authors.<br />
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p><img class="dropimg" src="images/img-t.png" width="50" alt="" />
+<span class="hide">T</span><b>HE</b> great popularity of the "Little Classics"
+has proved anew the truth of Dr. Johnson's
+remark: "Books that you may carry to the
+fire, and hold readily in your hand, are the most useful
+after all." The attractive character of their contents
+has been very strongly commended to public favor
+by the convenient size of the volumes. These
+were not too large to be carried to the fire or held
+readily in the hand, and consequently they have been
+in great request wherever they have become known.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="h3">
+<i>The Vest-Pocket Series</i><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>consists of volumes yet smaller than the "Little Classics."
+Their Lilliputian size, legible type, and flexible
+cloth binding make them peculiarly convenient for
+carrying on short journeys; and the excellence of
+their contents makes them desirable always and
+everywhere. The series includes</p>
+
+<p class="h3">
+STORIES, ESSAYS, SKETCHES, AND POEMS<br />
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">SELECTED FROM THE WRITINGS OF</span><br />
+<br />
+<i>Emerson</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Longfellow</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Whittier</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Hawthorne</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Carlyle</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Aldrich</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Hood</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Gray</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Aytoun</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Tennyson</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Lowell</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Holmes</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Browning</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Macaulay</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Milton</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Campbell</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Owen Meredith</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Pope</i>,<br />
+
+<i>Thomson</i>,<br />
+<br />
+AND OTHERS OF EQUAL FAME.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The volumes are beautifully printed, many of them
+illustrated, and bound in flexible cloth covers, at a
+uniform price of</p>
+
+<p class="h4">
+<b>FIFTY CENTS EACH.</b><br />
+<br />
+JAMES R. OSGOOD &amp; CO.,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Publishers, Boston</span>.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<p class="h2">WORKS OF DR. JOHN BROWN.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"<i>Of all the John Browns, commend us to Dr. John Brown,
+the physician, the man of genius, the humorist, the student of
+men, women, and dogs. By means of two beautiful volumes he
+has given the public a share of his by-hours; and more pleasant
+hours it would be difficult to find in any life.</i>"&mdash;London Times.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>SPARE HOURS. First Series, I vol. 16mo. Cloth,
+$2.00; Half calf, $3.75.</p>
+
+<p><i>CONTENTS.</i>&mdash;Rab and his Friends.&mdash;"With Brains, Sir."&mdash;The
+Mystery of Black and Tan.&mdash;Her Last Half-Crown.&mdash;Our
+Dogs.&mdash;Queen Mary's Child-Garden.&mdash;Presence of
+Mind and Happy Guessing.&mdash;My Father's Memoir.&mdash;Mystifications.&mdash;"Oh,
+I'm wat, wat!"&mdash;Arthur H. Hallam.&mdash;Education
+through the Senses.&mdash;Vaughan's Poems.&mdash;Dr.
+Chalmers.&mdash;Dr. George Wilson.&mdash;St. Paul's Thorn in the
+Flesh.&mdash;The Black Dwarf's Bones.&mdash;Notes on Art.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Dr. John Brown is a medical practitioner in Edinburgh, whose
+leisure mements have been devoted to the cultivation of letters,
+and who, without the slightest degree of formality or reserve, pours
+out his feelings on paper, showing himself equally at home in the
+sphere of genial criticism, pathetic sentiment, and gay and sportive
+humor. His confessions have the frankness of Montaigne, and
+almost the playful <i>na&iuml;vet&eacute;</i> of Charles Lamb, combined with a vein
+of tender earnestness that stamps the individuality of the writer.
+The tone of his remarks is uniformly healthful, showing a genuine
+love of nature, and a cordial sympathy with all conditions of humanity."&mdash;<i>New
+York Tribune.</i></p></blockquote>
+
+<p><b>SPARE HOURS.</b> Second Series, I vol. 16mo. With
+Steel Portrait and Illustrations. Cloth, $2.00; Half
+calf, $3.75.</p>
+
+<p><i>CONTENTS.</i>&mdash;John Leech.&mdash;Marjorie Fleming.&mdash;Jeems the
+Door-keeper.&mdash;Minchmoor.&mdash;The Enterkin.&mdash;Health: Five
+Lay Sermons to Working-People.&mdash;The Duke of Athole.&mdash;Struan.&mdash;Thackeray's
+Death.&mdash;Thackeray's Literary Career.&mdash;More
+of "Our Dogs."&mdash;Plea for a Dog Home.&mdash;"Bibliomania."&mdash;"In
+Clear Dream and Solemn Vision."&mdash;A Jacobite
+Family.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"An excellent portrait of the author, showing a broad brow, and
+a face replete with sense, shrewdness, humor, and resolute force,
+adds to the attractiveness of one of the most attractive volumes of
+essays published for a long period."&mdash;<i>Boston Transcript.</i></p></blockquote>
+
+<p><b>RAB AND HIS FRIENDS.</b> Paper, 25 cents.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"Dr. Brown's masterpiece is the story of a dog called 'Rab.'
+The tale moves from the most tragic pathos to the most reckless
+humor, and could not have been written but by a man of genius.
+Whether it moves to laughter or to tears, it is perfect in its way,
+and immortalizes its author."&mdash;<i>London Times.</i></p>
+
+<p>"A veritable gem. It is true, simple, pathetic, and touched with
+an antique grace."&mdash;<i>Fraser's Magazine.</i></p></blockquote>
+
+<p><b>MARJORIE FLEMING ("Pet Marjorie").</b> Paper,
+25 cents.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>"A story of one of the most exquisite children, miraculously
+brilliant, thoughtful, and fascinating."&mdash;<i>Detroit Post.</i></p>
+
+<p>"A quaint, winning, sympathetic, beautiful sketch of
+child-life."&mdash;<i>Springfield
+Republican.</i></p></blockquote>
+
+<p class="h4">JAMES R. OSGOOD &amp; CO.,<br />
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">Publishers, Boston.</span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Health, by John Brown
+
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,2476 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Health, by John Brown
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Health
+       Five Lay Sermons to Working-People
+
+Author: John Brown
+
+Release Date: October 5, 2011 [EBook #37640]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEALTH ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier, Matthew Wheaton
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    He is not far from every one of us. For in Him we live
+    and move not less than in Him we have our being.
+
+            "Out of darkness comes the hand
+    Reaching through nature,--moulding man."
+
+
+
+
+    _HEALTH:_
+
+    FIVE LAY SERMONS TO WORKING-PEOPLE.
+
+    BY
+
+    JOHN BROWN, M.D.
+
+
+    BOSTON:
+    JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY,
+    _Late Ticknor and Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co._
+    1877.
+
+
+    _Affectionately inscribed to the memory of the_ REV. JAMES
+    TRENCH, _the heart and soul of the Canongate Mission, who, while
+    he preached a pure and a fervent gospel to its heathens, taught
+    them also and therefore to respect and save their health, and
+    was the Originator and Keeper of their Library and Penny Bank,
+    as well as their Minister._
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+Three of these sermons were written for, and (shall I say?) preached
+some years ago, in one of the earliest missionary stations in Edinburgh,
+established by Broughton Place Congregation, and presided over at that
+time by the Reverend James Trench; one of the best human beings it was
+ever my privilege to know. He is dead; dying in and of his work,--from
+typhus fever caught at the bedside of one of his poor members--but he
+lives in the hearts of many a widow and fatherless child; and lives
+also, I doubt not, in the immediate vision of Him to do whose will was
+his meat and his drink. Given ten thousand such men, how would the
+crooked places be made straight, and the rough places plain, the
+wildernesses of city wickedness, the solitary places of sin and despair,
+of pain and shame, be made glad! This is what is to regenerate mankind;
+this is the leaven that some day is to leaven the lump.
+
+The other two sermons were never preached, except in print; but they
+were composed in the same key. I say this not in defence, but in
+explanation. I have tried to speak to working men and women from my lay
+pulpit, in the same words, with the same voice, with the same thoughts I
+was in the habit of using when doctoring them. This is the reason of
+their plain speaking. There is no other way of reaching these sturdy and
+weather and work-beaten understandings; there is nothing fine about them
+outside, though they are often as white in the skin under their clothes
+as a duchess, and their hearts as soft and tender as Jonathan's, or as
+Rachel's, or our own Grizel Baillie's; but you must speak out to them,
+and must not be mealy-mouthed if you wish to reach their minds and
+affections and wills. I wish the gentlefolks could hear and could use a
+little more of this outspokenness; and, as old Porson said, condescend
+to call a spade a spade, and not a horticultural implement; five letters
+instead of twenty-two, and more to the purpose.
+
+You see, my dear working friends, I am great upon sparing your strength
+and taking things cannily. "All very well," say you; "it is easy
+speaking, and saying, Take it easy; but if the pat's on the fire it maun
+bile." It must, but you needn't poke up the fire forever, and you may
+now and then set the kettle on the hob, and let it sing, instead of
+leaving it to burn its bottom out.
+
+I had a friend who injured himself by overwork. One day I asked the
+servant if any person had called, and was told that some one had. "Who
+was it?" "O, it's the little gentleman that _aye rins when he walks_!"
+So I wish this age would walk more and "rin" less. A man can walk
+farther and longer than he can run, and it is poor saving to get out of
+breath. A man who lives to be seventy, and has ten children and (say)
+five-and-twenty grandchildren, is of more worth to the state than three
+men who die at thirty, it is to be hoped unmarried. However slow a coach
+seventy may have been, and however energetic and go-ahead the three
+thirties, I back the tortoise against the hares in the long run.
+
+I am constantly seeing men who suffer, and indeed die, from living too
+fast; from true though not consciously immoral dissipation or scattering
+of their lives. Many a man is bankrupt in constitution at forty-five,
+and either takes out a _cessio_ of himself to the grave, or goes on
+paying ten per cent for his stock-in-trade; he spends his capital
+instead of merely spending what he makes, or better still, laying up a
+purse for the days of darkness and old age. A queer man, forty years
+ago,--Mr. Slate, or, as he was called, _Sclate_, who was too clever and
+not clever enough, and had not wisdom to use his wit, always scheming,
+full of "go," but never getting on,--was stopped by his friend, Sir
+Walter Scott,--that wonderful friend of us all, to whom we owe Jeanie
+Deans and Rob Roy, Meg Merrilies and Dandie Dinmont, Jinglin' Geordie,
+Cuddie Headrigg, and the immortal Baillie,--one day in Princess Street.
+"How are ye getting on, Sclate?" "Oo, just the auld thing, Sir Walter;
+_ma pennies a' gang on tippenny eerands_." And so it is with our nervous
+power, with our vital capital, with the pence of life; many of them go
+on "tippenny eerands." We are forever getting our bills renewed, till
+down comes the poor and damaged concern with dropsy or consumption,
+blazing fever, madness, or palsy. There is a Western Banking system in
+living, in using our bodily organs, as well as in paper-money. But I am
+running off into another sermon.
+
+Health of mind and body, next to a good conscience, is the best blessing
+our Maker can give us, and to no one is it more immediately valuable
+than to the laboring man and his wife and children; and indeed a good
+conscience is just moral health, the wholeness of the sense and the
+organ of duty; for let us never forget that there is a religion of the
+body, as well as, and greatly helpful of, the religion of the soul. We
+are to glorify God in our souls and in our bodies, for the best of all
+reasons, _because they are his_, and to remember that at last we must
+give account, not only of our thoughts and spiritual desires and acts,
+but _all the deeds done in our body_. A husband who, in the morning
+before going to his work, would cut his right hand off sooner than
+injure the wife of his bosom, strangles her that same night when mad
+with drink; that is a deed done in his body, and truly by his body, for
+his judgment is gone; and for that he must give an account when his name
+is called; his judgment was gone; but then, as the child of a drunken
+murderer said to me, "A' but, sir, wha goned it?" I am not a teetotaler.
+I am against teetotalism as a doctrine of universal application; I think
+we are meant to use these things as not abusing them,--this is one of
+the disciplines of life; but I not the less am sure that drunkenness
+ruins men's bodies,--it is not for me to speak of souls,--is a greater
+cause of disease and misery, poverty, crime, and death among the
+laboring men and women of our towns, than consumption, fever, cholera,
+and all their tribe, with thieving and profligacy and improvidence
+thrown into the bargain: these slay their thousands; this its tens of
+thousands. Do you ever think of the full meaning of "he's the waur o'
+drink?" How much the waur?--and then "dead drunk,"--"mortal." Can there
+be anything more awfully significant than these expressions you hear
+from children in the streets?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+You will see in the woodcut a good illustration of the circulation of
+the blood: both that through our lungs, by which we breathe and burn,
+and that through the whole body, by which we live and build. That hand
+grasps the heart, the central depot, with its valves opening out and in,
+and, by its contraction and relaxation, makes the living fluid circulate
+everywhere, carrying in strength, life, and supply to all, and carrying
+off waste and harm. None of you will be the worse of thinking of that
+hand as His who makes, supports, moves, and governs all things,--that
+hand which, while it wheels the rolling worlds, gathers the lambs with
+his arm, carries them in his bosom, and gently leads those that are with
+young, and which was once nailed for "our advantage on the bitter
+cross."
+
+                                                               J. B.
+    23 RUTLAND STREET,
+    December 16, 1861.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+    Preface
+
+    SERMON I. THE DOCTOR: OUR DUTIES TO HIM
+
+       "  II. THE DOCTOR: HIS DUTIES TO YOU
+
+       " III. CHILDREN, AND HOW TO GUIDE THEM
+
+       "  IV. HEALTH
+
+       "   V. MEDICAL ODDS AND ENDS
+
+
+
+
+HEALTH.
+
+
+
+
+SERMON I.
+
+THE DOCTOR: OUR DUTIES TO HIM.
+
+
+Everybody knows the Doctor; a very important person he is to us all.
+What could we do without him? He brings us into this world, and tries to
+keep us as long in it as he can, and as long as our bodies can hold
+together; and he is with us at that strange and last hour which will
+come to us all, when we must leave this world and go into the next.
+
+When we are well, we perhaps think little about the Doctor, or we have
+our small joke at him and his drugs; but let anything go wrong with our
+body, that wonderful tabernacle in which our soul dwells, let any of its
+wheels go wrong, then off we fly to him. If the mother thinks her
+husband or her child dying, how she runs to him, and urges him with her
+tears! how she watches his face, and follows his searching eye, as he
+examines the dear sufferer; how she wonders what he thinks,--what would
+she give to know what he knows! how she wearies for his visit! how a
+cheerful word from him makes her heart leap with joy, and gives her
+spirit and strength to watch over the bed of distress! Her whole soul
+goes out to him in unspeakable gratitude when he brings back to her from
+the power of the grave her husband or darling child. The Doctor knows
+many of our secrets, of our sorrows, which no one else knows,--some of
+our sins, perhaps, which the great God alone else knows; how many cares
+and secrets, how many lives, he carries in his heart and in his hands!
+So you see he is a very important person the Doctor, and we should do
+our best to make the most of him, and to do our duty to him and to
+ourselves.
+
+A thinking man feels often painfully what a serious thing it is to be a
+doctor, to have the charge of the lives of his fellow-mortals, to stand,
+as it were, between them and death and eternity and the judgment-seat,
+and to fight hand to hand with Death. One of the best men and greatest
+physicians that ever lived, Dr. Sydenham, says, in reference to this,
+and it would be well if all doctors, young and old, would consider his
+words:--
+
+"It becomes every man who purposes to give himself to the care of
+others, seriously to consider the four following things: _First_, That
+he must one day give an account to the Supreme Judge of all the lives
+intrusted to his care. _Secondly_, That all his skill and knowledge and
+energy, as they have been given him by God, so they should be exercised
+for his glory and the good of mankind, and not for mere gain or
+ambition. _Thirdly_, and not more beautifully than truly, Let him
+reflect that he has undertaken the care of no mean creature, for, in
+order that we may estimate the value, the greatness of the human race,
+the only begotten Son of God became himself a man, and thus ennobled it
+with his divine dignity, and, far more than this, died to redeem it; and
+_Fourthly_, That the Doctor, being himself a mortal man, should be
+diligent and tender in relieving his suffering patients, inasmuch as he
+himself must one day be a like sufferer."
+
+I shall never forget a proof I myself got twenty years ago, how serious
+a thing it is to be a doctor, and how terribly in earnest people are
+when they want him. It was when cholera first came here in 1832. I was
+in England at Chatham, which you all know is a great place for ships and
+sailors. This fell disease comes on generally in the night; as the Bible
+says, "it walks in darkness," and many a morning was I roused at two
+o'clock to go and see its sudden victims, for then is its hour and
+power. One morning a sailor came to say I must go three miles down the
+river to a village where it had broken out with great fury. Off I set.
+We rowed in silence down the dark river, passing the huge hulks, and
+hearing the restless convicts turning in their beds in their chains.
+The men rowed with all their might: they had too many dying or dead at
+home to have the heart to speak to me. We got near the place; it was
+very dark, but I saw a crowd of men and women on the shore, at the
+landing-place. They were all shouting for the Doctor; the shrill cries
+of the women, and the deep voices of the men coming across the water to
+me. We were near the shore, when I saw a big old man, his hat off, his
+hair gray, his head bald; he said nothing, but turning them all off with
+his arm, he plunged into the sea, and before I knew where I was, he had
+me in his arms. I was helpless as an infant. He waded out with me,
+carrying me high up in his left arm, and with his right levelling every
+man or woman who stood in his way.
+
+It was Big Joe carrying me to see his grandson, little Joe; and he bore
+me off to the poor convulsed boy, and dared me to leave him till he was
+better. He did get better, but Big Joe was dead that night. He had the
+disease on him when he carried me away from the boat, but his heart was
+set upon his boy. I never can forget that night, and how important a
+thing it was to be able to relieve suffering, and how much Old Joe was
+in earnest about having the Doctor.
+
+Now, I want you to consider how important the Doctor is to you. Nobody
+needs him so much as the poor and laboring man. He is often ill. He is
+exposed to hunger and wet and cold, and to fever, and to all the
+diseases of hard labor and poverty. His work is heavy, and his heart is
+often heavy, too, with misery of all kinds,--his heart weary with its
+burden,--his hands and limbs often meeting with accidents,--and you know
+if the poor man, if one of you falls ill and takes fever, or breaks his
+leg, it is a far more serious thing than with a richer man. Your health
+and strength are all you have to depend on; they are your
+stock-in-trade, your capital. Therefore I shall ask you to remember
+_four things_ about your duty to the Doctor, so as to get the most good
+out of him, and do the most good to him too.
+
+_1st_, It is your duty to trust the Doctor;
+
+_2dly_, It is your duty to obey the Doctor;
+
+_3dly_, It is your duty to speak the truth to the Doctor, the whole
+truth, and nothing but the truth; and,
+
+_4thly_, It is your duty to reward the Doctor.
+
+And so now for the _first_. It is your duty to _trust_ the Doctor, that
+is, to believe in him. If you were in a ship, in a wild storm, and among
+dangerous rocks, and if you took a pilot on board, who knew all the
+coast and all the breakers, and had a clear eye, and a firm heart, and a
+practised hand, would you not let him have his own way? would you think
+of giving him your poor advice, or keep his hand from its work at the
+helm? You would not be such a fool, or so uncivil, or so mad. And yet
+many people do this very same sort of thing, just because they don't
+really trust their Doctor; and a doctor is a pilot for your bodies when
+they are in a storm and in distress. He takes the helm, and does his
+best to guide you through a fever; but he must have fair play; he must
+be trusted even in the dark. It is wonderful what cures the very sight
+of a doctor will work, if the patient believes in him; it is half the
+battle. His very face is as good as a medicine, and sometimes
+better,--and much pleasanter too.
+
+One day a laboring man came to me with indigestion. He had a sour and
+sore stomach, and heartburn, and the water-brash, and wind, and colic,
+and wonderful misery of body and mind. I found he was eating bad food,
+and too much of it; and then, when its digestion gave him pain, he took
+a glass of raw whiskey. I made him promise to give up his bad food and
+his worse whiskey, and live on pease-brose and sweet milk, and I wrote
+him a prescription, as we call it, for some medicine, and said, "Take
+_that_, and come back in a fortnight and you will be well." He did come
+back, hearty and hale;--no colic, no sinking at the heart, a clean
+tongue, and a cool hand, and a firm step, and a clear eye, and a happy
+face. I was very proud of the wonders my prescription had done; and
+having forgotten what it was, I said, "Let me see what I gave you."
+"O," says he, "I took it." "Yes," said I, "but the prescription." "_I
+took it_, as you bade me. I swallowed it." He had actually eaten the bit
+of paper, and been all that the better of it; but it would have done him
+little, at least less good had he not trusted me when I said he would be
+better, and attended to my rules.
+
+So, take my word for it, and trust your Doctor; it is his due, and it is
+for your own advantage. Now, our next duty is to _obey_ the Doctor. This
+you will think is simple enough. What use is there in calling him in, if
+we don't do what he bids us? and yet nothing is more common--partly from
+laziness and sheer stupidity, partly from conceit and suspiciousness,
+and partly, in the case of children, from false kindness and
+indulgence--than to disobey the Doctor's orders. Many a child have I
+seen die from nothing but the mother's not liking to make her swallow a
+powder, or put on a blister; and let me say, by the by, teach your
+children at once to obey you, and take the medicine. Many a life is lost
+from this, and remember you may make even Willie Winkie take his
+castor-oil in spite of his cries and teeth, _by holding his nose_, so
+that he must swallow.
+
+_Thirdly, You should tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but
+the truth_, to your Doctor. He may be never so clever, and never so
+anxious, but he can no more know how to treat a case of illness without
+knowing all about it, than a miller can make meal without corn; and many
+a life have I seen lost from the patient or his friends concealing
+something that was true, or telling something that was false. The
+silliness of this is only equal to its sinfulness and its peril.
+
+I remember, in connection with that place where Big Joe lived and died,
+a singular proof of the perversity of people in not telling the Doctor
+the truth,--as you know people are apt to send for him in cholera when
+it is too late, when it is a death rather than a disease. But there is
+an early stage, called premonitory,--or warning,--when medicines can
+avail. I summoned all the people of that fishing-village who were well,
+and told them this, and asked them if they had any of the symptoms. They
+all denied having any (this is a peculiar feature in that terrible
+disease, they are afraid to _let on_ to themselves, or even the Doctor,
+that they are "in for it"), though from their looks and from their going
+away while I was speaking, I knew they were not telling the truth. Well,
+I said, "You must, at any rate, every one of you take some of this,"
+producing a bottle of medicine. I will not tell you what it was, as you
+should never take drugs at your own hands, but it is simple and cheap. I
+made every one take it; only one woman going away without taking any;
+she was the only one of all those _who died_.
+
+_Lastly, It is your duty to reward_ your Doctor. There are four ways of
+rewarding your Doctor. The first is by giving him your money; the second
+is by giving him your gratitude; the third is by your doing his bidding;
+and the fourth is by speaking well of him, giving him a good name,
+recommending him to others. Now, I know few if any of you can pay your
+Doctor, and it is a great public blessing that in this country you will
+always get a good Doctor willing to attend you for nothing, and this
+_is_ a great blessing; but let me tell you,--I don't think I need tell
+you,--try and pay him, be it ever so little. It does you good as well as
+him; it keeps up your self-respect; it raises you in your own eye, in
+your neighbor's, and, what is best, in your God's eye, because it is
+doing what is right. The "man of independent mind," be he never so poor,
+is "king of men for a' that"; ay, and "for twice and mair than a' that";
+and to pay his way is one of the proudest things a poor man can say, and
+he may say it oftener than he thinks he can. And then let me tell you,
+as a bit of cool, worldly wisdom, that your Doctor will do you all the
+more good, and make a better job of your cure, if he gets something,
+some money for his pains; it is human nature and common sense, this. It
+is wonderful how much real kindness and watching and attendance and
+cleanliness you may get _for so many shillings a week_. Nursing is a
+much better article at that,--much,--than at _nothing_ a week. But I
+pass on to the other ways of paying or rewarding your Doctor, and, above
+all, _to gratitude_.
+
+Honey is not sweeter in your mouths, and light is not more pleasant to
+your eyes, and music to your ears, and a warm, cosey bed is not more
+welcome to your wearied legs and head, than is the honest, deep
+gratitude of the poor to the young Doctor. It is his glory, his reward;
+he fills himself with it, and wraps himself all round with it as with a
+cloak, and goes on in his work, happy and hearty; and the gratitude of
+the poor is worth the having, and worth the keeping, and worth the
+remembering. Twenty years ago I attended old Sandie Campbell's wife in a
+fever, in Big Hamilton's Close in the Grassmarket,--two worthy, kindly
+souls they were and are. (Sandie is dead now.) By God's blessing, the
+means I used saved "oor Kirsty's" life, and I made friends of these two
+forever; Sandie would have fought for me if need be, and Kirsty would do
+as good. I can count on them as my friends, and when I pass the
+close-mouth in the West Port, where they now live, and are thriving,
+keeping their pigs, and their hoary old cuddie and cart, I get a
+courtesy from Kirsty, and see her look after me, and turn to the women
+beside her, and I know exactly what she is saying to them about "Dr.
+Broon." And when I meet old Sandie, with his ancient and long-lugged
+friend, driving the draff from the distillery for his swine, I see his
+gray eye brighten and glisten, and he looks up and gives his manly and
+cordial nod, and goes on his way, and I know that he is saying to
+himself, "God bless him! he saved my Kirsty's life," and he runs back in
+his mind all those twenty past years, and lays out his heart on all he
+remembers, and that does him good and me too, and nobody any ill.
+Therefore, give your gratitude to your Doctor, and remember him, like
+honest Sandie; it will not lose its reward and it costs you nothing; it
+is one of those things you can give and never be a bit the poorer, but
+all the richer.
+
+One person I would earnestly warn you against, and that is the _Quack
+Doctor_. If the real Doctor is a sort of God of healing, or rather our
+God's cobbler for the body, the Quack is the Devil for the body, or
+rather the Devil's servant against the body. And like his father, he is
+a great liar and cheat. He offers you what he cannot give. Whenever you
+see a medicine that cures everything, be sure it cures nothing; and
+remember, it may kill. The Devil promised our Saviour all the kingdoms
+of the world if he would fall down and worship him; now this was a lie,
+he could not give him any such thing. Neither can the Quack give you his
+kingdoms of health, even though you worship him as he best likes, by
+paying him for his trash; he is dangerous and dear, and often
+deadly,--have nothing to do with him.
+
+We have our duties to one another, yours to me, and mine to you: but we
+have all our duty to one else,--to Almighty God, who is beside us at
+this very moment--who followed us all this day, and knew all we did and
+didn't do, what we thought and didn't think,--who will watch over us all
+this night,--who is continually doing us good,--who is waiting to be
+gracious to us,--who is the great Physician, whose saving health will
+heal all our diseases, and redeem our life from destruction, and crown
+us with loving-kindness and tender mercies,--who can make death the
+opening into a better life, the very gate of heaven; that same death
+which is to all of us the most awful and most certain of all things, and
+at whose door sits its dreadful king, with that javelin, that sting of
+his, which is sin, our own sin. Death would be nothing without sin, no
+more than falling asleep in the dark to awake to the happy light of the
+morning. Now, I would have you think of your duty to this great God, our
+Father in heaven; and I would have you to remember that it is your duty
+to trust him, to believe in him. If you do not, your soul will be
+shipwrecked, you will go down in terror and in darkness.
+
+It is your duty to _obey_ him. Whom else in all this world should you
+obey, if not him? and who else so easily pleased, if we only do obey?
+It is your duty to speak the truth to him, not that he needs any man to
+tell him anything. He knows everything about everybody; nobody can keep
+a secret from him. But he hates lies; he abhors a falsehood. He is the
+God of truth, and must be dealt honestly with, in sincerity and godly
+fear; and, lastly, you must in a certain sense _reward_ him. You cannot
+give him money, for the silver and gold, the cattle upon a thousand
+hills, are all his already, but you can give him your grateful lives;
+you can give him your hearts; and as old Mr. Henry says, "Thanksgiving
+is good, but thanks-living is better."
+
+One word more; you should call your Doctor early. It saves time; it
+saves suffering; it saves trouble; it saves life. If you saw a fire
+beginning in your house, you would put it out as fast as you could. You
+might perhaps be able to blow out with your breath what in an hour the
+fire-engine could make nothing of. So it is with disease and the Doctor.
+A disease in the morning when beginning is like the fire beginning; a
+dose of medicine, some simple thing, may put it out, when if left alone,
+before night it may be raging hopelessly, like the fire if left alone,
+and leaving your body dead and in the ruins in a few hours. So, call in
+the Doctor soon; it saves him much trouble, and may save you your life.
+
+And let me end by asking you to call in the Great Physician; to call him
+instantly, to call him in time; there is not a moment to lose. He is
+waiting to be called; he is standing at the door. But he must be
+_called_,--he may be called too late.
+
+
+
+
+SERMON II.
+
+THE DOCTOR: HIS DUTIES TO YOU.
+
+
+You remember our last sermon was mostly about your duties to the Doctor.
+I am now going to speak about his duties to you; for you know it is a
+law of our life, that there are no one-sided duties,--they are all
+double. It is like shaking hands, there must be two at it; and both of
+you ought to give a hearty grip and a hearty shake. You owe much to
+many, and many owe much to you. The Apostle says, "Owe no man anything
+but to love one another"; but if you owe that, you must be forever
+paying it; it is always due, always running on; and the meanest and most
+helpless, the most forlorn, can always pay and be paid in that coin, and
+in paying can buy more than he thought of. Just as a farthing candle,
+twinkling out of a cotter's window, and, it may be, guiding the gudeman
+home to his wife and children, sends its rays out into the infinite
+expanse of heaven, and thus returns, as it were, the light of the
+stars, which are many of them suns. You cannot pass any one on the
+street to whom you are not bound by this law. If he falls down, you help
+to raise him. You do your best to relieve him, and get him home; and let
+me tell you, to your great gain and honor, the poor are far more ready
+and better at this sort of work than the gentlemen and ladies. You do
+far more for each other than they do. You will share your last loaf; you
+will sit up night after night with a neighbor you know nothing about,
+just because he is your neighbor, and you know what it is to be
+neighbor-like. You are more natural and less selfish than the fine
+folks. I don't say you are better, neither do I say you are worse; that
+would be a foolish and often mischievous way of speaking. We have all
+virtues and vices and advantages peculiar to our condition. You know the
+queer old couplet,--
+
+    "Them what is rich, them rides in chaises;
+    Them what is poor, them walks like blazes."
+
+If you were well, and not in a hurry, and it were cold, would you not
+much rather "walk like blazes" than ride listless in your chaise? But
+this I know, for I have seen it, that according to their means, the poor
+bear one another's burdens far more than the rich.
+
+There are many reasons for this, outside of yourselves, and there is no
+need of your being proud of it or indeed of anything else; but it is
+something to be thankful for, in the midst of all your hardships, that
+you in this have more of the power and of the luxury of doing immediate,
+visible good. You pay this debt in ready-money, as you do your meal and
+your milk; at least you have very short credit, and the shorter the
+better. Now, the Doctor has his duties to you, and it is well that he
+should know them, and that you should know them too; for it will be long
+before you and he can do without each other. You keep each other alive.
+Disease, accidents, pain, and death reign everywhere, and we call one
+another _mortals_, as if our chief peculiarity was that we must die, and
+you all know how death came into this world. "By one man sin entered the
+world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all
+have sinned"; and disease, disorder, and distress are the fruits of sin,
+as truly as that apple grew on that forbidden tree. You have nowadays
+all sorts of schemes for making bad men good, and good men better. The
+world is full of such schemes, some of them wise and some foolish; but
+to be wise they must all go on the principle of lessening misery by
+lessening _sin_; so that the old weaver at Kilmarnock, who at a meeting
+for abolishing slavery, the corn laws, and a few more things, said, "Mr.
+Preses, I move that we abolish Original Sin," was at least beginning at
+the right end. Only fancy what a world it would be, what a family any of
+ours would be, when everybody did everything that was right, and nothing
+that was wrong, say for a week! The world would not know itself. It
+would be inclined to say with the "wee bit wifiekie," though reversing
+the cause, "This is no me." I am not going to say more on this point. It
+is not my parish. But you need none of you be long ignorant of who it is
+who has abolished death, and therefore vanquished sin.
+
+Well, then, it is the duty of the Doctor in the first place, to _cure
+us_; in the second, _to be kind to us_; in the third, to be _true to
+us_; in the fourth, to keep _our secrets_; in the fifth, to _warn us_,
+and, best of all, to _forewarn us_; in the sixth, to _be grateful to
+us_; and, in the last, to _keep his time and his temper_.
+
+And, _first_, it is the duty of the Doctor to _cure_ you,--if he can.
+That is what we call him in for; and a doctor, be he never so clever and
+delightful, who doesn't cure, is like a mole-catcher who can't catch
+moles, or a watchmaker who can do everything but make your watch go. Old
+Dr. Pringle of Perth, when preaching in the country, found his shoes
+needed mending, and he asked the brother whom he was assisting to tell
+him of good cobbler, or as he called him, a _snab_. His friend mentioned
+a "Tammas Rattray, a godly man, and an elder." "But," said Dr. Pringle,
+in his snell way, "can he mend my shoon? that's what I want; I want a
+shoemaker; I'm not wanting an elder." It turned out that Tammas was a
+better elder than a shoemaker. A doctor was once attending a poor woman
+in labor; it was a desperate case, requiring a cool head and a firm
+will; the good man--for he _was_ good--had neither of these, and, losing
+his presence of mind, gave up the poor woman as lost, and retired into
+the next room to pray for her. Another doctor, who, perhaps, wanted what
+the first one had, and certainly had what he wanted, brains and courage,
+meanwhile arrived, and called out, "Where is Doctor ----?" "O, he has
+gone into the next room to pray!" "Pray! tell him to come here this
+moment, and help me; he can work and pray too"; and with his assistance
+the snell doctor saved that woman's life. This, then, is the Doctor's
+first duty to you,--to cure you,--and for this he must, in the first
+place, be up to his business; he must know what to do, and, secondly, he
+must be able to do it; he must not merely do as a pointer dog does,
+stand and say, "There it is," and no more, he must point and shoot too.
+And let me tell you, moreover, that unless a man likes what he is at,
+and is in earnest, and sticks to it, he will no more make a good doctor
+than a good anything else. Doctoring is not only a way for a man to do
+good by curing disease, and to get money to himself for doing this, but
+it is also a study which interests for itself alone, like geology, or
+any other science; and moreover it is a way to fame and the glory of the
+world; all these four things act upon the mind of the Doctor, but unless
+the first one is uppermost, his patient will come off second-best with
+him; he is not the man for your lives or for your money.
+
+They tell a story, which may not be word for word true, but it has truth
+and a great principle in it, as all good stories have. It is told of one
+of our clever friends, the French, who are so knowing in everything. A
+great French doctor was taking an English one round the wards of his
+hospital; all sort of miseries going on before them, some dying, others
+longing for death, all ill; the Frenchman was wonderfully eloquent about
+all their diseases, you would have thought he saw through them, and knew
+all their secret wheels like looking into a watch or into a glass
+beehive. He told his English friend what would be seen in such a case,
+_when the body was opened_! He spent some time in this sort of work, and
+was coming out, full of glee, when the other doctor said: "But, Doctor
+----, you haven't _prescribed_ for these cases." "O, neither I have!"
+said he, with a grumph and a shrug; "I quite forgot _that_"; that being
+the one thing why these poor people were there, and why he was there
+too. Another story of a Frenchman, though I dare say we could tell it of
+ourselves. He was a great professor, and gave a powerful poison as a
+medicine for an ugly disease of the skin. He carried it very far, so as
+to weaken the poor fellow, who died, just as the last vestige of the
+skin disease died too. On looking at the dead body, quite smooth and
+white, and also quite dead, he said, "Ah, never mind; he was _dead
+cured_."
+
+So let me advise you, as, indeed, your good sense will advise
+yourselves, to test a Doctor by this: Is he in earnest? Does he speak
+little and do much? Does he make your case his first care? He may, after
+that, speak of the weather, or the money-market; he may gossip, and even
+_haver_; or he may drop, quietly and shortly, some "good words,"--the
+fewer the better; something that causes you to think and feel; and may
+teach you to be more of the Publican than of the Pharisee, in that story
+you know of, when they two went up to the temple to pray; but, generally
+speaking, the Doctor should, like the rest of us, stick to his trade and
+mind his business.
+
+_Secondly_, It is the Doctor's duty to be _kind_ to you. I mean by this,
+not only to speak kindly, but to _be_ kind, which includes this and a
+great deal more, though a kind word, as well as a merry heart, does good
+like a medicine. Cheerfulness, or rather cheeriness, is a great thing in
+a Doctor; his very foot should have "music in't, when he comes up the
+stair." The Doctor should never lose his power of pitying pain, and
+letting his patient see this and feel it. Some men, and they are often
+the best at their proper work, can let their hearts come out only
+through their eyes; but it is not the less sincere, and to the point;
+you can make your mouth say what is not true; you can't do quite so much
+with your eyes. A Doctor's eye should command, as well as comfort and
+cheer his patient; he should never let him think disobedience or despair
+possible. Perhaps you think Doctors get hardened by seeing so much
+suffering; this is not true. Pity as a motive, as well as a feeling
+ending in itself, is stronger in an old Doctor than in a young, so he be
+made of the right stuff. He comes to know himself what pain and sorrow
+mean, what their weight is, and how grateful he was or is for relief and
+sympathy.
+
+_Thirdly_, It is his duty to be _true_ to you. True in word and in deed.
+He ought to speak nothing but the truth, as to the nature, and extent,
+and issues of the disease he is treating; but he is not bound, as I said
+you were, to tell _the whole truth_,--that is for his own wisdom and
+discretion to judge of; only, never let him tell an untruth, and let him
+be honest enough, when he can't say anything definite, to say nothing.
+It requires some courage to confess our ignorance, but it is worth it.
+As to the question, often spoken of,--telling a man he is dying,--the
+Doctor must, in the first place, be sure the patient is dying; and,
+secondly, that it is for his good, bodily and mental, to tell him so: he
+should almost always warn the friends, but, even here, cautiously.
+
+_Fourthly_, It is his duty to _keep your secrets_. There are things a
+Doctor comes to know and is told which no one but he and the Judge of
+all should know; and he is a base man, and unworthy to be in such a
+noble profession as that of healing, who can betray what he knows must
+injure, and in some cases may ruin.
+
+_Fifthly_, It is his duty to _warn_ you against what is injuring your
+health. If he finds his patient has brought disease upon himself by sin,
+by drink, by overwork, by over-eating, by over-anything, it is his duty
+to say so plainly and firmly, and the same with regard to the treatment
+of children by their parents; the family doctor should forewarn them; he
+should explain, as far as he is able and they can comprehend them, the
+Laws of Health, and so tell them how to _prevent disease_, as well as do
+his best to _cure_ it. What a great and rich field there is here for our
+profession, if they and the public could only work well together! In
+this, those queer, half-daft, half-wise beings, the Chinese, take a
+wiser way; they pay their Doctor for keeping them well, and they stop
+his pay as long as they are ill!
+
+_Sixthly_, It is his duty to be _grateful_ to you; 1st, for employing
+him, whether you pay him in money or not, for a Doctor, worth being
+one, makes capital, makes knowledge, and therefore power, out of every
+case he has; 2dly, for obeying him and getting better. I am always very
+much obliged to my patients for being so kind as to be better, and for
+saying so; for many are ready enough to say they are worse, not so many
+to say they are better, even when they are; and you know our Scotch way
+of saying, "I'm no that ill," when "I" is in high health, or, "I'm no
+ony waur," when "I" is much better. Don't be niggards in this; it cheers
+the Doctor's heart, and it will lighten yours.
+
+_Seventhly_, and lastly, It is the Doctor's duty _to keep his time and
+his temper_ with you. Any man or woman who knows how longed for a
+doctor's visit is, and counts on it to a minute, knows how wrong, how
+painful, how angering it is for the Doctor not to keep his time. Many
+things may occur, for his urgent cases are often sudden, to put him out
+of his reckoning; but it is wonderful what method, and real
+consideration, and a strong will can do in this way. I never found Dr.
+Abercrombie a minute after or _before_ his time (both are bad, though
+one is the worser), and yet if I wanted him in a hurry, and stopped his
+carriage in the street, he could always go with me at once; he had the
+knack and the principle of being true in his times, for it is often a
+matter of _truth_. And the Doctor must keep his _temper_: this is often
+worse to manage than even his time, there is so much unreason, and
+ingratitude, and peevishness, and impertinence, and impatience, that it
+is very hard to keep one's tongue and eye from being angry: and
+sometimes the Doctor does not only well, but the best, when he is
+downrightly angry, and astonishes some fool, or some insolent, or some
+untruth doing or saying patient; but the Doctor should be patient with
+his patients, he should bear with them, knowing how much they are at the
+moment suffering. Let us remember Him who is full of compassion, whose
+compassion never fails; whose tender mercies are new to us every
+morning, as his faithfulness is every night; who healed all manner of
+diseases, and was kind to the unthankful and the evil; what would become
+of us, if he were as impatient with us as we often are with each other?
+If you want to be impressed with the Almighty's infinite loving-kindness
+and tender mercy, his forbearance, his long-suffering patience, his
+slowness to anger, his Divine ingeniousness in trying to find it
+possible to spare and save, think of the Israelites in the desert, and
+read the chapter where Abraham intercedes with God for Sodom, and these
+wonderful "peradventures."
+
+But I am getting tedious, and keeping you and myself too long, so good
+night. Let the Doctor and you be honest and grateful, and kind and
+cordial, in one word, dutiful to each other, and you will each be the
+better of the other.
+
+I may by and by say a word or two to you on your _Health_, which is your
+wealth, that by which you are and do well, and on your _Children_, and
+how to guide it and them.
+
+
+
+
+SERMON III.
+
+CHILDREN, AND HOW TO GUIDE THEM.
+
+
+Our text at this time is Children and their treatment, or as it sounds
+better to our ears, Bairns, and how to guide them. You all know the
+wonder and astonishment there is in a house among its small people when
+a baby is born; how they stare at the new arrival with its red face.
+Where does it come from? Some tell them it comes from the garden, from a
+certain kind of cabbage; some from "Rob Rorison's bonnet," of which wha
+hasna heard? some from that famous wig of Charlie's, in which the cat
+kittled, when there was three o' them leevin', and three o' them dead;
+and you know the Doctor is often said to bring the new baby in his
+pocket; and many a time have my pockets been slyly examined by the
+curious youngsters,--especially the girls!--in hopes of finding another
+baby. But I'll tell you where all the babies come from; _they all come
+from_ _God_; his hand made and fashioned them; he breathed into their
+nostrils the breath of life,--of his life. He said, "Let this little
+child be," and it was. A child is a true creation; its soul, certainly,
+and in a true sense, its body too. And as our children came from him, so
+they are going back to him, and he lends them to us as keepsakes; we are
+to keep and care for them for his sake. What a strange and sacred
+thought this is! Children are God's gifts to us, and it depends on our
+guiding of them, not only whether they are happy here, but whether they
+are happy hereafter in that great unchangeable eternity, into which you
+and I and all of us are fast going. I once asked a little girl, "Who
+made you?" and she said, holding up her apron as a measure, "God make me
+that length, and I growed the rest myself." Now this, as you know, was
+not quite true, for she could not grow one half-inch by herself. God
+makes us grow as well as makes us at first. But what I want you to fix
+in your minds is, that children come from God, and are returning to him,
+and that you and I, who are parents, have to answer to him for the way
+we behave to our dear children,--the kind of care we take of them.
+
+Now, a child consists, like ourselves, of a body and a soul. I am not
+going to say much about the guiding of the souls of children,--that is a
+little out of my line,--but I may tell you that the soul, especially in
+children, depends much, for its good and for its evil, for its happiness
+or its misery, upon the kind of body it lives in: for the body is just
+the house that the soul dwells in; and you know that, if a house be
+uncomfortable, the tenant of it will be uncomfortable and out of sorts;
+if its windows let the rain and wind in, if the chimney smoke, if the
+house be damp, and if there be a want of good air, then the people who
+live in it will be miserable enough; and if they have no coals, and no
+water, and no meat, and no beds, then you may be sure it will soon be
+left by its inhabitants. And so, if you don't do all you can to make
+your children's bodies healthy and happy, their souls will get miserable
+and cankered and useless, their tempers peevish; and if you don't feed
+and clothe them right, then their poor little souls will leave their
+ill-used bodies,--will be starved out of them; and many a man and woman
+have had their tempers, and their minds and hearts, made miseries to
+themselves, and all about them, just from a want of care of their bodies
+when children.
+
+There is something very sad, and, in a true sense, very unnatural, in an
+unhappy child. You and I, grown-up people, who have cares, and have had
+sorrows and difficulties and sins, may well be dull and sad sometimes;
+it would be still sadder, if we were not often so; but children should
+be always either laughing and playing, or eating and sleeping. Play is
+their business. You cannot think how much useful knowledge, and how much
+valuable bodily exercise, a child teaches itself in its play; and look
+how merry the young of other animals are: the kitten making fun of
+everything, even of its sedate mother's tail and whiskers; the lambs,
+running races in their mirth; even the young asses,--the
+baby-cuddie,--how pawky and droll and happy he looks with his fuzzy
+head, and his laughing eyes, and his long legs, stot, stotting after
+that venerable and _sair nauden-doun lady_, with the long ears, his
+mother. One thing I like to see, is a child clean in the morning. I like
+to see its plump little body well washed, and sweet and _caller_ from
+top to bottom. But there is another thing I like to see, and that is a
+child dirty at night. I like a _steerin' bairn_,--goo-gooin', crowing
+and kicking, keeping everybody alive. Do you remember William Miller's
+song of "Wee Willie Winkie?" Here it is. I think you will allow,
+especially you who are mothers, that it is capital.
+
+    "Wee Willie Winkie
+      Rins through the toun,
+    Up stairs an' doon stairs
+      In his nicht-goun,
+    Tirlin' at the window,
+      Crying at the lock,
+    'Are the weans in their bed,
+      For it's noo ten o'clock?'
+
+    "'Hey Willie Winkie,
+      Are ye comin' ben!
+    The cat's singin' gray thrums
+      To the sleepin' hen,
+    The dog's speldert on the floor,
+      And disna gi'e a cheep,
+    But here's a waakrife laddie!
+      That winna fa' asleep.'
+
+    "'Onything but sleep, you rogue!
+      Glow'rin' like the moon!
+    Rattlin' in an airn jug
+      Wi' an airn spoon,
+    Rumblin', tumblin' roun' about,
+      Crawin' like a cock,
+    Skirlin' like a kenna-what,
+      Wauk'nin' sleepin' folk.
+
+    "'Hey, Willie Winkie,
+      The wean's in a creel!
+    Wamblin' aff a bodie's knee
+      Like a verra eel,
+    Ruggin' at the cat's lug,
+      And ravelin' a' her thrums,--
+    Hey, Willie Winkie,--
+      See, there he comes!'
+
+    "Wearied is the mither
+      That has a stoorie wean,
+    A wee stumpie stousie,
+      Wha canna rin his lane,
+    That has a battle aye wi' sleep
+      Afore he'll close an e'e,--
+    But ae kiss frae aff his rosy lips
+      Gi'es strength anew to me."
+
+Is not this good? first-rate! The cat singin' gray thrums, and the wee
+stumpie stousie, ruggin' at her lug, and ravlin' a' her thrums; and
+then what a din he is making!--rattlit' in an airn jug wi' an airn
+spoon, skirlin' like a kenna-what, and ha'in' a battle aye wi' sleep.
+What a picture of a healthy and happy child!
+
+Now, I know how hard it is for many of you to get meat for your
+children, and clothes for them, and bed and bedding for them at night,
+and I know how you have to struggle for yourselves and them, and how
+difficult it often is for you to take all the care you would like to do
+of them, and you will believe me when I say, that it is a far greater
+thing, because a far harder thing, for a poor, struggling, and it may be
+weakly woman in your station, to bring up her children comfortably, than
+for those who are richer; but still you may do a great deal of good at
+little cost either of money or time or trouble. And it is well-wared
+pains; it will bring you in two hundred percent in real comfort, and
+profit, and credit; and so you will, I am sure, listen good-naturedly to
+me, when I go over some plain and simple things about the health of your
+children.
+
+To begin with their _heads_. You know the head contains the brain, which
+is the king of the body, and commands all under him; and it depends on
+his being good or bad whether his subjects,--the legs, and arms, and
+body, and stomach, and our old friends the bowels, are in good order and
+happy, or not. Now, first of all, keep the head cool. Nature has given
+it a nightcap of her own in the hair, and it is the best. And keep the
+head clean. Give it a good scouring every Saturday night at the least;
+and if it get sore and scabbit, the best thing I know for it is to wash
+it with soft soap (black soap), and put a big cabbage-blade on it every
+night. Then for the _lungs_, or _lichts_,--the bellows that keep the
+fire of life burning,--they are very busy in children, because a child
+is not like grown-up folk, merely keeping itself up. It is doing this,
+and growing too; and so it eats more, and sleeps more, and breathes more
+in proportion than big folk. And to carry on all this business it must
+have fresh air, and lots of it. So, whenever it can be managed, a child
+should have a good while every day in the open air, and should have
+well-aired places to sleep in. Then for their _nicht-gowns_, the best
+are long flannel gowns; and children should be always more warmly clad
+than grown-up people,--cold kills them more easily. Then there is the
+_stomach_, and as this is the kitchen and great manufactory, it is
+almost always the first thing that goes wrong in children, and generally
+as much from too much being put in, as from its food being of an
+injurious kind. A baby, for nine months after it is born, should have
+almost nothing but its mother's milk. This is God's food, and it is the
+best and the cheapest, too. If the baby be healthy it should be weaned
+or spained at nine or ten months; and this should be done gradually,
+giving the baby a little gruel, or new milk, and water and sugar, or
+thin bread-berry once a day for some time, so as gradually to wean it.
+This makes it easier for mother as well as baby. No child should get
+meat or hard things till it gets teeth to chew them, and no baby should
+ever get a drop of whiskey, or any strong drink, unless by the Doctor's
+orders. Whiskey, to the soft, tender stomach of an infant, is like
+vitriol to ours; it is a burning poison to its dear little body, as it
+may be a burning poison and a curse to its never-dying soul. As you
+value your children's health of body, and the salvation of their souls,
+never give them a drop of whiskey; and let mothers, above all others,
+beware of drinking when nursing. The whiskey passes from their stomachs
+into their milk, and poisons their own child. This is a positive fact.
+And think of a drunk woman carrying and managing a child! I was once,
+many years ago, walking in Lothian Street, when I saw a woman staggering
+along very drunk. She was carrying a child; it was lying over her
+shoulder. I saw it slip, slippin' farther and farther back. I ran, and
+cried out; but before I could get up, the poor little thing, smiling
+over its miserable mother's shoulder, fell down, like a stone, on its
+head on the pavement; it gave a gasp, and turned up its blue eyes, and
+had a convulsion, and its soul was away to God, and its little soft,
+waefu' body lying dead, and its idiotic mother grinning and staggering
+over it, half seeing the dreadful truth, then forgetting it, and
+cursing and swearing. That was a sight! so much misery, and wickedness,
+and ruin. It was the young woman's only child. When she came to herself,
+she became mad, and is to this day a drivelling idiot, and goes about
+forever seeking for her child, and cursing the woman who killed it. This
+is a true tale, too true.
+
+There is another practice which I must notice, and that is giving
+children laudanum to make them sleep, and keep them quiet, and for
+coughs and windy pains. Now, this is a most dangerous thing. I have
+often been called in to see children who were dying, and who did die,
+from laudanum given in this way. I have known four drops to kill a child
+a month old; and ten drops one a year old. The best rule, and one you
+should stick to, as under God's eye as well as the law's, is, never to
+give laudanum without a Doctor's line or order. And when on this
+subject, I would also say a word about the use of opium and laudanum
+among yourselves. I know this is far commoner among the poor in
+Edinburgh than is thought. But I assure you, from much experience, that
+the drunkenness and stupefaction from the use of laudanum is even worse
+than that from whiskey. The one poisons and makes mad the body; the
+other, the laudanum, poisons the mind, and makes it like an idiot's. So,
+in both matters beware; death is in the cup, murder is in the cup, and
+poverty and the workhouse, and the gallows, and an awful future of pain
+and misery,--all are in the cup. These are the wages the Devil pays his
+servants with for doing his work.
+
+But to go back to the bairns. At first a word on our old friends, the
+bowels. Let them alone as much as you can. They will put themselves and
+keep themselves right, if you take care to prevent wrong things going
+into the stomach. No sour apples, or raw turnips or carrots; no sweeties
+or tarts, and all that kind of abomination; no tea, to draw the sides of
+their tender little stomachs together; no whiskey, to kill their
+digestion; no _Gundy_, or _Taffy_, or _Lick_, or _Black Man_, or _Jib_;
+the less sugar and sweet things the better; the more milk and butter and
+fat the better; but plenty of plain, halesome food, parritch and milk,
+bread and butter, potatoes and milk, good broth,--kail as we call it.
+You often hear of the wonders of cod-liver oil, and they are wonders;
+poor little wretches who have faces like old puggies, and are all belly
+and no legs, and are screaming all day and all night too,--these poor
+little wretches under the cod-liver oil, get sonsy, and rosy, and fat,
+and happy, and strong. Now, this is greatly because the cod-liver oil is
+capital _food_. If you can't afford to get cod-liver oil for delicate
+children, or if they reject it, give them plain olive oil, a
+tablespoonful twice a day, and take one to yourself, and you will be
+astonished how you will both of you thrive.
+
+Some folk will tell you that children's feet should be always kept warm.
+I say no. No healthy child's feet are warm; but the great thing is to
+keep the body warm. That is like keeping the fire good, and the room
+will be warm. The chest, the breast, is the place where the fire of the
+body,--the heating apparatus,--is, and if you keep it warm, and give
+_it_ plenty of fuel, which is fresh air and good food, you need not mind
+about the feetikins, they will mind themselves; indeed, for my own part,
+I am so ungenteel as to think bare feet and bare legs in summer the most
+comfortable wear, costing much less than leather and worsted, the only
+kind of soles that are always fresh. As to the moral training of
+children, I need scarcely speak to you. What people want about these
+things is, not knowledge, but the will to do what is right,--what they
+know to be right, and the moral power to do it.
+
+Whatever you wish your child to be, be it yourself. If you wish it to be
+happy, healthy, sober, truthful, affectionate, honest, and godly, be
+yourself all these. If you wish it to be lazy and sulky, and a liar, and
+a thief, and a drunkard, and a swearer, be yourself all these. As the
+old cock crows, the young cock learns. You will remember who said,
+"Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will
+not depart from it." And you may, as a general rule, as soon expect to
+gather grapes from thorns, and figs from thistles, as get good,
+healthy, happy children from diseased and lazy and wicked parents.
+
+Let me put you in mind, seriously, of one thing that you ought to get
+done to all your children, and that is, to have them vaccinated, or
+inoculated with the cow-pock. The best time for this is two months after
+birth, but better late than never, and in these times you need never
+have any excuse for its not being done. You have only to take your
+children to the Old or the New Town Dispensaries. It is a real crime, I
+think, in parents to neglect this. It is cruel to their child, and it is
+a crime to the public. If every child in the world were vaccinated,
+which might be managed in few years, that loathsome and deadly disease,
+the small-pox, would disappear from the face of the earth; but many
+people are so stupid, and so lazy, and so prejudiced, as to neglect this
+plain duty, till they find to their cost that it is too late. So promise
+me, all seriously in your hearts, to see to this if it is not done
+already, and see to it immediately.
+
+Be always frank and open with your children. Make them trust you and
+tell you all their secrets. Make them feel at ease with you, and make
+_free_ with them. There is no such good plaything for grown-up children
+like you and me as _weans_, wee ones. It is wonderful what you can get
+them to do with a little coaxing and fun. You all know this as well as I
+do, and you all practise it every day in your own families. Here is a
+pleasant little story out of an old book. "A gentleman having led a
+company of children beyond their usual journey, they began to get weary,
+and all cried to him to carry them on his back, but because of their
+multitude he could not do this. 'But,' says he, 'I'll get horses for us
+all'; then cutting little wands out of the hedge as ponies for them, and
+a great stake as a charger for himself, this put mettle in their little
+legs, and they rode cheerily home." So much for a bit of ingenious fun.
+
+One thing, however poor you are, you can give your children, and that is
+your prayers, and they are, if real and humble, worth more than silver
+or gold,--more than food and clothing, and have often brought from our
+Father who is in heaven, and hears our prayers, both money and meat and
+clothes, and all worldly good things. And there is one thing you can
+always teach your child; you may not yourself know how to read or write,
+and therefore you may not be able to teach your children how to do these
+things; you may not know the names of the stars or their geography, and
+may therefore not be able to tell them how far you are from the sun, or
+how big the moon is; nor be able to tell them the way to Jerusalem or
+Australia, but you may always be able to tell them who made the stars
+and numbered them, and you may tell them the road to heaven. You may
+always teach them to pray. Some weeks ago, I was taken out to see the
+mother of a little child. She was very dangerously ill, and the nurse
+had left the child to come and help me. I went up to the nursery to get
+some hot water, and in the child's bed I saw something raised up. This
+was the little fellow under the bedclothes kneeling. I said, "What are
+you doing?" "I am praying God to make mamma better," said he. God likes
+these little prayers and these little people,--for of such is the
+kingdom of heaven. These are his little ones, his lambs, and he hears
+their cry; and it is enough if they only lisp their prayers. "Abba,
+Father," is all he needs; and our prayers are never so truly prayers as
+when they are most like children's in simplicity, in directness, in
+perfect fulness of reliance. "They pray right up," as black Uncle Tom
+says in that wonderful book, which I hope you have all read and wept
+over.
+
+I forgot to speak about punishing children. I am old-fashioned enough to
+uphold the ancient practice of warming the young bottoms with some
+sharpness, if need be; it is a wholesome and capital application, and
+does good to the bodies, and the souls too, of the little rebels, and it
+is far less cruel than being sulky, as some parents are, and keeping up
+a grudge at their children. Warm the bott, say I, and you will warm the
+heart too; and all goes right.
+
+And now I must end. I have many things I could say to you, but you have
+had enough of me and my bairns, I am sure. Go home, and when you see the
+little curly pows on their pillows, sound asleep, pour out a blessing on
+them, and ask our Saviour to make them his; and never forget what we
+began with, that they came from God, and are going back to him, and let
+the light of eternity fall upon them as they lie asleep, and may you
+resolve to dedicate them and yourselves to him who died for them and for
+us all, and who was once himself a little child, and sucked the breasts
+of a woman, and who said that awful saying, "Whosoever shall offend one
+of these little ones, it had been better for him that a millstone were
+hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the midst of the
+sea."
+
+
+
+
+SERMON IV.
+
+HEALTH.
+
+
+My dear friends,--I am going to give you a sort of sermon about your
+health,--and you know a sermon has always a text; so, though I am only a
+doctor, I mean to take a text for ours, and I will choose it, as our
+good friends the ministers do, from that best of all books, the Bible.
+Job ii. 4: "All that a man hath will he give for his life."
+
+This, you know, was said many thousands of years ago by the Devil, when,
+like a base and impudent fellow, as he always was and is, he came into
+the presence of the great God, along with the good angels. Here, for
+once in his life, the Devil spoke the truth and shamed himself.
+
+What he meant, and what I wish you now seriously to consider, is, that a
+man--you or I--will lose anything sooner than life; we would give
+everything for it, and part with all the money, everything we had, to
+keep away death and to lengthen our days. If you had L500 in a box at
+home, and knew that you would certainly be dead by to-morrow unless you
+gave the L500, would you ever make a doubt about what you would do? Not
+you! And if you were told that if you got drunk, or worked too hard, or
+took no sort of care of your bodily health, you would turn ill to-morrow
+and die next week, would you not keep sober, and work more moderately,
+and be more careful of yourself?
+
+Now, I want to make you believe that you are too apt to do this very
+same sort of thing in your daily life, only that instead of to-morrow or
+next week, your illness and your death comes next year, or at any rate,
+some years sooner than otherwise. _But your death is actually preparing
+already, and that by your own hands_, by your own ignorance, and often
+by your own foolish and sinful neglect and indulgence. A decay or
+rottenness spreads through the beams of a house, unseen and unfeared,
+and then, by and by down it comes, and is utterly destroyed. So it is
+with our bodies. You plant, by sin and neglect and folly, the seeds of
+disease by your own hands; and as surely as the harvest comes after the
+seed-time, so will you reap the harvest of pain, and misery, and death.
+And remember there is nobody to whom health is so valuable, is worth so
+much, as the poor laboring man; it is his stock-in-trade, his wealth,
+his capital; his bodily strength and skill are the main things he can
+make his living by, and therefore he should take better care of his
+body and its health than a rich man; for a rich man may be laid up in
+his bed for weeks and months, and yet his business may go on, for he has
+means to pay his men for working under him, or he may be what is called
+"living on his money." But if a poor man takes fever, or breaks his leg,
+or falls into a consumption, his wife and children soon want food and
+clothes: and many a time do I see on the streets poor, careworn men,
+dying by inches of consumption, going to and from their work, when, poor
+fellows, they should be in their beds; and all this just because they
+cannot afford to be ill and to lie out of work,--they cannot spare the
+time and the wages.
+
+Now, don't you think, my dear friends, that it is worth your while to
+attend to your health? If you were a carter or a coach-driver, and had a
+horse, would you not take care to give him plenty of corn, and to keep
+his stable clean and well aired, and to curry his skin well, and you
+would not kill him with overwork, for, besides the cruelty, this would
+be a dead loss to you,--it would be so much out of your pocket? And
+don't you see that God has given you your bodies to work with, and to
+please him with their diligence; and it is ungrateful to him, as well as
+unkind and wicked to your family and yourself, to waste your bodily
+strength, and bring disease and death upon yourselves? But you will say,
+"How can we make a better of it? We live from hand to mouth; we can't
+have fine houses and warm clothes, and rich food and plenty of it." No,
+I know that; but if you have not a fine house, you may always have a
+clean one, and fresh air costs nothing,--God gives it to all his
+children without stint,--and good plain clothes and meal may now be had
+cheaper than ever.
+
+Health is a word that you all have some notion of, but you will perhaps
+have a clearer idea of it when I tell you what the word comes from.
+Health was long ago _wholth_, and comes from the word _whole_ or _hale_.
+The Bible says, "They that are whole need not a physician"; that is,
+healthy people have no need of a doctor. Now, a man is whole when, like
+a bowl or any vessel, he is entire, and has nothing broken about him; he
+is like a watch that goes well, neither too fast nor too slow. But you
+will perhaps say, "You doctors should be able to put us all to rights,
+just as a watchmaker can clean and sort a watch; if you can't, what are
+you worth?" But the difference between a man and a watch is, that you
+must try to mend the man when he is going. You can't stop him and then
+set him agoing; and, you know, it would be no joke to a watchmaker, or
+to the watch, to try and clean it while it was going. But God, who does
+everything like himself, with his own perfectness, has put inside each
+of our bodies a Doctor of his own making,--one wiser than we with all
+our wisdom. Every one of us has in himself a power of keeping and
+setting his health right. If a man is overworked, God has ordained that
+he desires rest, and that rest cures him. If he lives in a damp, close
+place, free and dry air cures him. If he eats too much, fasting cures
+him. If his skin is dirty, a good scrubbing and a bit of yellow soap
+will put him all to rights.
+
+What we call disease or sickness is the opposite of health, and it comes
+on us,--1st. By descent from our parents. It is one of the surest of all
+legacies; if a man's father and mother are diseased, naturally or
+artificially, he will have much chance to be as bad, or worse. 2dly.
+Hard work brings on disease, and some kinds of work more than others.
+Masons who hew often fall into consumption; laborers get rheumatism, or
+what you call "the pains"; painters get what is called their colic, from
+the lead in the paint, and so on. In a world like ours, this set of
+causes of disease and ill health cannot be altogether got the better of;
+and it was God's command, after Adam's sin, that men should toil and
+sweat for their daily bread; but more than the half of the bad effects
+of hard work and dangerous employments might be prevented by a little
+plain knowledge, attention, and common sense. 3dly. Sin, wickedness,
+foolish and excessive pleasures, are a great cause of disease. Thousands
+die from drinking, and from following other evil courses. There is no
+life so hard, none in which the poor body comes so badly off, and is
+made so miserable, as the life of a drunkard or a dissolute man. I need
+hardly tell you, that this cause of death and disease you can all avoid.
+I don't say it is easy for any man in your circumstances to keep from
+sin; he is a foolish or ignorant man who says so, and that there are no
+temptations to drinking. You are much less to blame for doing this than
+people who are better off; but you CAN keep from drinking, and you know
+as well as I do, how much better and happier, and healthier and richer
+and more respectable you will be if you do so. 4thly and lastly. Disease
+and death are often brought on from ignorance, from not knowing what are
+called the _laws of health_,--those easy, plain, common things which, if
+you do, you will live long, and which, if you do not do, you will die
+soon.
+
+Now, I would like to make a few simple statements about this to you; and
+I will take the body bit by bit, and tell you some things that you
+should know and do in order to keep this wonderful house that your soul
+lives in, and by the deeds done in which you will one day be
+judged,--and which is God's gift and God's handiwork,--clean and
+comfortable, hale, strong, and hearty; for you know that, besides doing
+good to ourselves and our family and our neighbors with our bodily
+labor, we are told that we should glorify God in our bodies as well as
+in our souls, for they are his, more his than ours,--he has bought them
+by the blood of his Son Jesus Christ. We are not our own, we are bought
+with a price; therefore ought we to glorify God with our souls and with
+our bodies, which are his.
+
+Now, first, for _the skin_. You should take great care of it, for on its
+health a great deal depends; keep it clean, keep it warm, keep it dry,
+give it air; have a regular scrubbing of all your body every Saturday
+night; and, if you can manage it, you should every morning wash not only
+your face, but your throat and breast, with cold water, and rub yourself
+quite dry with a hard towel till you glow all over. You should keep your
+hair short if you are men; it saves you a great deal of trouble and
+dirt.
+
+Then, the inside of your _head_,--you know what is inside your
+head,--your brain; you know how useful it is to you. The cleverest pair
+of hands among you would be of little use without brains: they would be
+like a body without a soul, a watch with the mainspring broken. Now, you
+should consider what is best for keeping the brain in good trim. One
+thing of great consequence is _regular sleep, and plenty of it_. Every
+man should have at the least eight hours in his bed every
+four-and-twenty hours, and let him sleep all the time if he can; but
+even if he lies awake it is a rest to his wearied brain, as well as to
+his wearied legs and arms. _Sleep is the food of the brain._ Men may go
+mad and get silly, if they go long without sleep. Too much sleep is bad;
+but I need hardly warn you against that, or against too much meat. You
+are in no great danger from these.
+
+Then, again, whiskey and all kinds of intoxicating liquors in excess are
+just so much poison to the brain. I need not say much about this, you
+all know it; and we all know what dreadful things happen when a man
+poisons his brain and makes it mad, and like a wild beast with drink; he
+may murder his wife, or his child, and when he comes to himself he knows
+nothing of how he did it, only the terrible thing is certain, that he
+_did_ do it, and that he may be hanged for doing something when he was
+mad, and which he never dreamt of doing when in his senses: but then he
+knows that he made himself mad, and he must take all the wretched and
+tremendous consequences.
+
+From the brains we go to the _lungs_,--you know where they are,--they
+are what the butchers call the _lichts_; here they are, they are the
+bellows that keep the fire of life going; for you must know that a
+clever German philosopher has made out that we are all really
+burning,--that our bodies are warmed by a sort of burning or combustion,
+as it is called,--and fed by breath and food, as a fire is fed with
+coals and air.
+
+Now the great thing for the lungs is plenty of fresh air, and plenty of
+room to play in. About seventy thousand people die every year in Britain
+from that disease of the lungs called consumption,--that is, nearly half
+the number of people in the city of Edinburgh; and it is certain that
+more than the half of these deaths could be prevented if the lungs had
+fair play. So you should always try to get your houses well ventilated,
+that means to let the air be often changed, and free from impure
+mixtures; and you should avoid crowding many into one room, and be
+careful to keep everything clean, and put away all filth; for filth is
+not only disgusting to the eye and the nose, but is dangerous to the
+health. I have seen a great deal of cholera, and been surrounded by
+dying people, who were beyond any help from doctors, and I have always
+found that where the air was bad, the rooms ill ventilated, cleanliness
+neglected, and drunkenness prevailed, there this terrible scourge, which
+God sends upon us, was most terrible, most rapidly and widely
+destructive. Believe this, and go home and consider well what I now say,
+for you may be sure it is true.
+
+Now we come to the _heart_. You all know where it is. It is the most
+wonderful little pump in the world. There is no steam-engine half so
+clever at its work, or so strong. There it is in every one of us, beat,
+beating,--all day and all night, year after year, never stopping, like
+a watch ticking; only it never needs to be wound up,--God winds it up
+once for all. It depends for its health on the state of the rest of the
+body, especially the brains and lungs. But all violent passions, all
+irregularities of living, damage it. Exposure to cold when drunk,
+falling asleep, as many poor wretches do, in stairs all night,--this
+often brings on disease of the heart; and you know it is not only
+dangerous to have anything the matter with the heart, it is the
+commonest of all causes of sudden death. It gives no warning; you drop
+down dead in a moment. So we may say of the bodily as well as of the
+moral organ, "Keep your heart with all diligence; for out of it are the
+issues of life."
+
+We now come to the _stomach_. You all know, I dare say, where it lies!
+It speaks for itself. Our friends in England are very respectful to
+their stomachs. They make a great deal of them, and we make too little.
+If an Englishman is ill, all the trouble is in his stomach; if an
+Irishman is ill, it is in his heart, and he's "kilt entirely"; and if a
+Scotsman, it is in his "heed." Now, I wish I saw Scots men and women as
+nice and particular about their stomachs, or rather about what they put
+into them, as their friends in England. Indeed, so much does your
+genuine John Bull depend on his stomach, and its satisfaction, that we
+may put in his mouth the stout old lines of Prior:--
+
+    "The plainest man alive may tell ye
+    The seat of empire is the Belly:
+    From hence are sent out those supplies,
+    Which make us either stout or wise;
+    The strength of every other member
+    Is founded on your Belly-timber;
+    The qualms or raptures of your blood
+    Rise in proportion to your food,
+    Your stomach makes your fabric roll,
+    Just as the bias rules the bowl:
+    That great Achilles might employ
+    The strength designed to ruin Troy,
+    He dined on lions' marrow, spread
+    On toasts of ammunition bread;
+    But by his mother sent away,
+    Amongst the Thracian girls to play,
+    Effeminate he sat and quiet;
+    Strange product of a cheese-cake diet.
+    Observe the various operations,
+    Of food and drink in several nations.
+    Was ever Tartar fierce or cruel,
+    Upon the strength of water-gruel?
+    But who shall stand his rage and force,
+    If first he rides, then eats his horse!
+    Salads and eggs, and lighter fare,
+    Turn the Italian spark's guitar;
+    And if I take Dan Congreve right,
+    Pudding and beef make Britons fight."
+
+Good cooking is the beauty of a dinner. It really does a man as much
+good again if he eats his food with a relish, and with a little
+attention, it is as easy to cook well as ill. And let me tell the wives,
+that your husbands would like you all the better, and be less likely to
+go off to the public-house, if their bit of meat or their drop of broth
+were well cooked. Laboring men should eat well. They should, if
+possible, have meat--_butcher-meat_--ever day. Good broth is a capital
+dish. But, above all, keep whiskey out of your stomachs; it really plays
+the very devil when it gets in. It makes the brain mad, it burns the
+coats of the stomach; it turns the liver into a lump of rottenness; it
+softens and kills the heart; it makes a man an idiot and a brute. If you
+really need anything stronger than good meat, take a pot of wholesome
+porter or ale; but I believe you are better without even that. You will
+be all the better able to afford good meat, and plenty of it.
+
+With regard to your _bowels_,--a very important part of your
+interior,--I am not going to say much, except that neglect of them
+brings on many diseases; and laboring men are very apt to neglect them.
+Many years ago, an odd old man, at Green-cock, left at his death a
+number of sealed packets to his friends, and on opening them they found
+a Bible, L50, and a box of pills, and the words, "Fear God, and keep
+your bowels open." It was good advice, though it might have been rather
+more decorously worded. If you were a doctor, you would be astonished
+how many violent diseases of the mind, as well as of the body, are
+produced by irregularity of the bowels. Many years ago, an old minister,
+near Linlithgow, was wakened out of his sleep to go to see a great lady
+in the neighborhood who was thought dying, and whose mind was in
+dreadful despair, and who wished to see him immediately. The old man,
+rubbing his eyes, and pushing up his Kilmarnock nightcap, said, "And
+when were her leddyship's booels opened?" And finding, after some
+inquiry, that they were greatly in arrears, "I thocht sae. Rax me ower
+that pill-box on the chimney-piece, and gie my compliments to Leddy
+Margret, and tell her to tak thae twa pills, and I'll be ower by and by
+mysel'." They did as he bade them. They did their duty, and the pills
+did theirs, and her leddyship was relieved, and she was able at
+breakfast-time to profit by the Christian advice of the good old man,
+which she could not have done when her nerves were all wrong. The old
+Greeks, who were always seeking after wisdom, and didn't always find it,
+showed their knowledge and sense in calling depression of mind
+Melancholy, which means black bile. Leddy Margret's liver, I have no
+doubt, had been distilling this perilous stuff.
+
+My dear friends, there is one thing I have forgot to mention, and that
+is about keeping common-stairs clean; you know they are often abominably
+filthy, and they aggravate fever, and many of your worst and most deadly
+diseases; for you may keep your own houses never so clean and tidy, but
+if the common-stair is not kept clean too, all its foul air comes into
+your rooms, and into your lungs, and poisons you. So let all in the
+stair resolve to keep it clean, and well aired.
+
+But I must stop now. I fear I have wearied you. You see I had nothing
+new to tell you. The great thing in regulating and benefiting human
+life, is not to find out new things, but to make the best of the old
+things,--to live according to Nature, and the will of Nature's
+God,--that great Being who bids us call him our Father, and who is at
+this very moment regarding each one of us with far more than any earthly
+father's compassion and kindness, and who would make us all happy if we
+would but do his bidding, and take his road. He has given us minds by
+which we may observe the laws he has ordained in our bodies, and which
+are as regular and as certain in their effects, and as discoverable by
+us as the motions of the sun, moon, and stars in the heavens; and we
+shall not only benefit ourselves and live longer and work better and be
+happier, by knowing and obeying these laws, from love to ourselves, but
+we shall please him, we shall glorify him, and make him our
+_Friend_,--only think of that! and get his blessing, by taking care of
+our health, from love to him, and a regard to his will, in giving us
+these bodies of ours to serve him with, and which he has, with his own
+almighty hands, so fearfully and wonderfully made.
+
+I hope you will pardon my plainness in speaking to you. I am quite in
+earnest, and I have a deep regard, I may say a real affection, for you;
+for I know you well. I spent many of my early years as a doctor in going
+about among you. I have attended you long ago when ill; I have delivered
+your wives, and been in your houses when death was busy with you and
+yours, and I have seen your fortitude, energy, and honest, hearty,
+generous kindness to each other; your readiness to help your neighbors
+with anything you have, and to share your last sixpence and your last
+loaf with them. I wish I saw half as much real neighborliness and
+sympathy among what are called your betters. If a poor man falls down in
+a fit on the street, who is it that takes him up and carries him home,
+and gives him what he needs? it is not the man with a fine coat and
+gloves on,--it is the poor, dirty-coated, hard-handed, warm-hearted
+laboring man.
+
+Keep a good hold of all these homely and sturdy virtues, and add to them
+temperance and diligence, cleanliness and thrift, good knowledge, and,
+above all, the love and the fear of God, and you will not only be happy
+yourselves, but you will make this great and wonderful country of ours
+which rests upon you still more wonderful and great.
+
+
+
+
+SERMON V.
+
+MEDICAL ODDS AND ENDS.
+
+
+My dear friends,--We are going to ring in now, and end our course. I
+will be sorry and glad, and you will be the same. We are this about
+everything. It is the proportion that settles it. I am, upon the whole,
+as we say, sorry, and I dare say on the whole you are not glad. I
+dislike parting with anything or anybody I like, for it is ten to one if
+we meet again.
+
+My text is, "_That His way may he known upon earth; His saving health to
+all nations._" You will find it in that perfect little Psalm, the 67th.
+But before taking it up, I will, as my dear father used to say,--you all
+remember him, his keen eye and voice; his white hair, and his grave,
+earnest, penetrating look; and you should remember and possess his
+Canongate Sermon to you,--"The Bible, what it is, what it does, and what
+it deserves,"--well, he used to say, let us _recapitulate_ a little. It
+is a long and rather kittle word, but it is the only one that we have.
+He made it longer, but not less alive, by turning it into "a few
+recapitulatory remarks." What ground then have we travelled over?
+_First_, our duties to and about the Doctor; to call him in time, to
+trust him, to obey him, to be grateful to, and to pay him with our money
+and our hearts and our good word, if we have all these; if we have not
+the first, with twice as much of the others. _Second_, the Doctor's
+duties to us. He should be able and willing to cure us. That is what he
+is there for. He should be sincere, attentive, and tender to us, keeping
+his time and our secrets. We must tell him all we know about our
+ailments and their causes, and he must tell us all that is good for us
+to know, and no more. _Third_, your duties to your children; to the wee
+Willie Winkies and the little wifies that come toddlin' hame. It is your
+duty to _mind_ them. It is a capital Scotch use of this word: they are
+to be in your mind; you are to exercise your understanding about them;
+to give them simple food; to keep goodies and trash, and raw pears and
+whiskey, away from their tender mouths and stomachs; to give them that
+never-ending meal of good air, night and day, which is truly food and
+fire to them and you; to _be_ good before as well as to them, to speak
+and require the truth in love,--that is a wonderful expression, isn't
+it?--the truth in love; that, if acted on by us all, would bring the
+millennium next week; to be plain and homely with them, never _spaining_
+their minds from you. You are all sorry, you mothers, when you have to
+spain their mouths; it is a dreadful business that to both parties; but
+there is a spaining of the affections still more dreadful, and that need
+never be, no, never, neither in this world nor in that which is to come.
+Dr. Waugh, of London, used to say to bereaved mothers, Rachels weeping
+for their children, and refusing to be comforted, for that simplest of
+all reasons, because they were not, after giving them God's words of
+comfort, clapping them on the shoulders, and fixing his mild deep eyes
+on them (those who remember those eyes well know what they could mean),
+"My woman, your bairn is where it will have two fathers, but never but
+one mother."
+
+You should also, when the time comes, explain to your children what
+about their own health and the ways of the world they ought to know, and
+for the want of the timely knowledge of which many a life and character
+has been lost. Show them, moreover, the value you put upon health, by
+caring for your own.
+
+Do your best to get your sons well married, and soon. By "well married,"
+I mean that they should pair off old-fashionedly, for love, and marry
+what deserves to be loved, as well as what is lovely. I confess I think
+falling in love is the best way to begin; but then the moment you fall,
+you should get up and look about you, and see how the land lies, and
+whether it is as goodly as it looks. I don't like walking into love, or
+being carried into love; or, above all, being sold or selling yourself
+into it, which, after all, is not it. And by "soon," I mean as soon as
+they are keeping themselves; for a wife, such a wife as alone I mean, is
+cheaper to a young man than no wife, and is his best companion.
+
+Then for your duties to yourselves. See that you make yourself do what
+is _immediately_ just to your body, feed it when it is really hungry;
+let it sleep when it, not its master, desires sleep; make it happy, poor
+hard-working fellow! and give it a gambol when it wants it and deserves
+it, and as long as it can execute it. Dancing is just the music of the
+feet, and the gladness of the young legs, and is well called the poetry
+of motion. It is like all other natural pleasures, given to be used, and
+to be not abused, either by yourself or by those who don't like it, and
+don't enjoy your doing it,--shabby dogs these, beware of them! And if
+this be done, it is a good and a grace, as well as pleasure, and
+satisfies some good end of our being, and in its own way glorifies our
+Maker. Did you ever see anything in this world more beautiful than the
+lambs running races and dancing round the big stone of the field; and
+does not your heart get young when you hear,--
+
+    "Here we go by Jingo ring,
+    Jingo ring, Jingo ring;
+    Here we go by Jingo ring,
+      About the merry ma tanzie."
+
+This is just a dance in honor of poor old pagan Jingo; measured
+movements arising from and giving happiness. We have no right to keep
+ourselves or others from natural pleasures; and we are all too apt to
+interfere with and judge harshly the pleasures of others; hence we who
+are stiff and given to other pleasures, and who, now that we are old,
+know the many wickednesses of the world, are too apt to put the vices of
+the jaded, empty old heart, like a dark and ghastly fire burnt out, into
+the feet and the eyes, and the heart and the head of the young. I
+remember a story of a good old Antiburgher minister. It was in the days
+when dancing was held to be a great sin, and to be dealt with by the
+session. Jessie, a comely, and good, and blithe young woman, a great
+favorite of the minister's, had been guilty of dancing at a friend's
+wedding. She was summoned before the session to be "dealt with,"--the
+grim old fellows sternly concentrating their eyes upon her, as she stood
+trembling in her striped short-gown, and her pretty bare feet. The
+Doctor, who was one of divinity, and a deep thinker, greatly pitying her
+and himself, said, "Jessie, my woman, were ye dancin'?"
+
+"Yes," sobbed Jessie.
+
+"Ye maun e'en promise never to dance again, Jessie."
+
+"I wull, sir; I wull promise," with a courtesy.
+
+"Now, what were ye thinking o', Jessie, when ye were dancin'? tell us
+truly," said an old elder, who had been a poacher in youth.
+
+"Nae ill, sir," sobbed out the dear little woman.
+
+"Then, Jessie, my woman, aye dance," cried the delighted Doctor.
+
+And so say I, to the extent, that so long as our young girls think "nae
+ill," they may dance their own and their feet's fills; and so on with
+all the round of the sunshine and flowers God has thrown on and along
+the path of his children.
+
+_Lastly_, your duty to your own bodies: to preserve them; to make, or
+rather let--for they are made so to go--their wheels go sweetly; to keep
+the _girs_ firm round the old barrel; neither to over nor under work our
+bodies, and to listen to their teaching and their requests, their cries
+of pain and sorrow; and to keep them as well as your souls unspotted
+from the world. If you want to know a good book on Physiology, or the
+Laws of Health and of Life, get Dr. Combe's _Physiology_; and let all
+you mothers get his delightful _Management of Infancy_. You will love
+him for his motherly words. You will almost think he might have worn
+petticoats,--for tenderness he might; but in mind and will and eye he
+was every inch a man. It is now long since he wrote, but I have seen
+nothing so good since; he is so intelligent, so reverent, so full of the
+solemnity, the sacredness, the beauty, and joy of life, and its work; so
+full of sympathy for suffering, himself not ignorant of such evil,--for
+the latter half of his life was a daily, hourly struggle with death,
+fighting the destroyer from within with the weapons of life, his brain
+and his conscience. It is very little physiology that you require, so
+that it is physiology, and is suitable for your need. I can't say I like
+our common people, or indeed, what we call our ladies and gentlemen,
+poking curiously into all the ins and outs of our bodies as a general
+accomplishment, and something to talk of. No, I don't like it. I would
+rather they chose some other _ology_. But let them get enough to give
+them awe and love, light and help, guidance and foresight.
+
+These, with good sense and good senses, humility, and a thought of a
+hereafter in this world as well as in the next, will make us as able to
+doctor ourselves--especially to act in the _preventive service_, which
+is your main region of power for good--as in this mortal world we have
+any reason to expect. And let us keep our hearts young, and they will
+keep our legs and our arms the same. For we know now that hearts are
+kept going by having strong, pure, lively blood; if bad blood goes into
+the heart, it gets angry, and shows this by beating at our breasts, and
+frightening us; and sometimes it dies of sheer anger and disgust, if its
+blood is poor or poisoned, thin and white. "He may dee, but he'll never
+grow auld," said a canty old wife of her old minister, whose cheek was
+ruddy like an apple.
+
+_Run for the Doctor_; don't saunter to him, or go in, by the by, as an
+old elder of my father's did, when his house was on fire. He was a
+perfect Nathanael, and lived more in the next world than in this, as you
+will soon see. One winter night he slipped gently into his neighbor's
+cottage, and found James Somerville reading aloud by the blaze of the
+licht coal; he leant over the chair, and waited till James closed the
+book, when he said, "By the by, I am thinkin' ma hoose is on fire!" and
+out he and they all ran, in time to see the auld biggin' fall in with a
+glorious blaze. So it is too often when that earthly house of ours--our
+cottage, our tabernacle--is getting on fire. One moment your finger
+would put out what in an hour all the waters of Clyde would be too late
+for. If the Doctor is needed, the sooner the better. If he is not, he
+can tell you so, and you can rejoice that he had a needless journey, and
+pay him all the more thankfully. So run early and at once. How many
+deaths--how many lives of suffering and incapacity--may be spared by
+being in time! by being a day or two sooner. With children this is
+especially the case, and with workingmen in the full prime of life. A
+mustard plaster, a leech, a pill, fifteen drops of Ipecacuanha wine, a
+bran poultice, a hint, or a stitch in time, may do all and at once, when
+a red-hot iron, a basinful of blood, all the wisdom of our art, and all
+the energy of the Doctor, all your tenderness and care, are in vain.
+Many a child's life is saved by an emetic at night, who would be lost in
+twelve hours. So send in time; it is just to your child or the patient,
+and to yourself; it is just to your Doctor; for I assure you we Doctors
+are often sorry, and angry enough, when we find we are too late. It
+affronts us, and our powers, besides affronting life and all its
+meanings, and Him who gives it. And we really _enjoy_ curing; it is like
+running and winning a race,--like hunting and finding and killing our
+game. And then remember to go to the Doctor early in the day, as well as
+in the disease. I always like my patients to send and say that they
+would like the Doctor "to call before he goes out!" This is like an
+Irish message, you will say; but there is "sinse" in it. Fancy a Doctor
+being sent for, just as he is in bed, to see some one, and on going he
+finds they had been thinking of sending in the morning, and that he has
+to run neck and neck with death, with the odds all against him.
+
+I now wind up with some other odds and ends. I give you them as an old
+wife would empty her pockets,--such wallets they used to be!--in no
+regular order; here a bit of string, now a bit of gingerbread, now an
+"aiple," now a bunch of keys, now an old almanac, now three _bawbees_
+and a bad shilling, a "wheen" buttons all marrowless, a thimble, a bit
+of black sugar, and maybe at the very bottom a "goold guinea."
+
+_Shoes._--It is amazing the misery the people of civilization endure in
+and from their shoes. Nobody is ever, as they should be, comfortable at
+once in them; they hope in the long-run and after much agony, and when
+they are nearly done, to make them fit, especially if they can get them
+once well wet, so that the mighty knob of the big toe may adjust himself
+and be at ease. For my part, if I were rich, I would advertise for a
+clean, wholesome man, whose foot was exactly my size, and I would make
+him wear my shoes till I could put them on, and not know I was in
+them.[1] Why is all this? Why do you see every man's and woman's feet so
+out of shape? Why are there corns, with their miseries and maledictions?
+Why the virulence and unreachableness of those that are "soft"? Why do
+our nails grow in, and sometimes have to be torn violently off?
+
+[1] Frederick the Great kept an aid-de-camp for this purpose,
+and, poor fellow! he sometimes wore them too long, and got a kicking for
+his pains.
+
+All because the makers and users of shoes have not common sense, and
+common reverence for God and his works enough to study the shape and
+motions of that wonderful pivot on which we turn and progress. Because
+FASHION,--that demon that I wish I saw dressed in her own crinoline, in
+bad shoes, a man's old hat, and trailing petticoats, and with her (for
+she must be a _her_) waist well nipped by a circlet of nails with the
+points inmost, and any other of the small torments, mischiefs, and
+absurdities she destroys and makes fools of us with,--whom, I say, I
+wish I saw drummed and hissed, blazing and shrieking, out of the
+world,--because this contemptible slave, which domineers over her
+makers, says the shoe must be elegant, must be so and so, and the
+beautiful living foot must be crushed into it, and human nature must
+limp along Princess Street and through life natty and wretched.
+
+It makes me angry when I think of all this. Now, do you want to know how
+to put your feet into new shoes, and yourself into a new world? Go and
+buy from Edmonston and Douglas sixpence worth of sense, in _Why the Shoe
+Pinches_; you will, if you get your shoemaker to do as it bids him, go
+on your ways rejoicing; no more knobby, half-dislocated big toes; no
+more secret parings, and slashings desperate, in order to get on that
+pair of exquisite boots or shoes.
+
+Then there is the _Infirmary_.--Nothing I like better than to see
+subscriptions to this admirable house of help and comfort to the poor,
+advertised as from the quarry men of Craigleith; from Mr. Milne the
+brassfounder's men; from Peeblesshire; from the utmost Orkneys; and from
+those big, human mastiffs, the navvies. And yet we doctors are often met
+by the most absurd and obstinate objections by domestic servants in
+town, and by country people, to going there. This prejudice is
+lessening, but it is still great. "O, I canna gang into the Infirmary; I
+would rather dee!" Would you, indeed? Not you, or, if so, the sooner the
+better. They have a notion that they are experimented on, and slain by
+the surgeons; neglected and poisoned by the nurses, etc., etc. Such
+utter nonsense! I know well about the inner life and work of at least
+our Infirmary, and of that noble old Minto House, now gone; and I would
+rather infinitely, were I a servant, 'prentice boy, or shopman, a
+porter, or student, and anywhere but in a house of my own, and even
+then, go straight to the Infirmary, than lie in a box-bed off the
+kitchen, or on the top of the coal-bunker, or in a dark hole in the
+lobby, or in a double-bedded room. The food, the bedding, the
+physicians, the surgeons, the clerks, the dressers, the medicines, the
+wine and porter,--and they don't scrimp these when necessary,--the
+books, the Bibles, the baths, are all good,--are all better far than one
+man in ten thousand can command in his own house. So off with a grateful
+heart and a fearless to the Infirmary, and your mistress can come in and
+sit beside you; and her doctor and yours will look in and single you out
+with his smile and word, and cheer you and the ward by a kindly joke,
+and you will come out well cured, and having seen much to do you good
+for life. I never knew any one who was once in, afraid of going back;
+they know better.
+
+There are few things in human nature finer than the devotion and courage
+of medical men to their hospital and charitable duties; it is to them a
+great moral discipline. Not that they don't get good--selfish good--to
+themselves. Why shouldn't they? Nobody does good without getting it; it
+is a law of the government of God. But, as a rule, our medical men are
+not kind and skilful and attentive to their hospital patients, because
+this is to make them famous, or even because through this they are to
+get knowledge and fame; they get all this, and it is their only and
+their great reward. But they are in the main disinterested men. Honesty
+is the best policy; but, as Dr. Whately, in his keen way, says, "that
+man is not honest who is so for this reason," and so with the doctors
+and their patients. And I am glad to say for my profession, few of them
+take this second-hand line of duty.
+
+_Beards._--I am for beards out and out, because I think the Maker of the
+beard was and is. This is reason enough; but there are many others. The
+misery of shaving, its expense, its consumption of time,--a very
+corporation existing for no other purpose but to shave mankind. Campbell
+the poet, who had always a bad razor, I suppose, and was late of rising,
+said he believed the man of civilization who lived to be sixty had
+suffered more pain in littles every day in shaving than a woman with a
+large family had from her lyings-in. This would be hard to prove; but
+it is a process that never gets pleasanter by practice; and then the
+waste of time and temper,--the ugliness of being ill or unshaven. Now,
+we can easily see advantages in it; the masculine gender is intended to
+be more out of doors, and more in all weathers than the smooth-chinned
+ones, and this protects him and his Adam's apple from harm. It acts as
+the best of all respirators to the mason and the east-wind. Besides, it
+is a glory; and it must be delightful to have and to stroke a natural
+beard, not one like bean-stalks or a bottle-brush, but such a beard as
+Abraham's or Abd-el-Kader's. It is the beginning ever to cut, that makes
+all the difference. I hazard a theory, that no hair of the head or beard
+should ever be cut, or needs it, any more than the eyebrows or
+eyelashes. The finest head of hair I know is one which was never cut. It
+is not too long; it is soft and thick. The secret where to stop growing
+is in the end of the native untouched hair. If you cut it off, the poor
+hair does not know when to stop; and if our eyebrows were so cut, they
+might be made to hang over our eyes, and be wrought into a veil.
+Besides, think of the waste of substance of the body in hewing away so
+much hair every morning, and encouraging an endless rotation of crops!
+Well, then, I go in for the beards of the next generation, the unshorn
+beings whose beards will be wagging when we are away; but of course they
+must be clean. But how are we to sup our porridge and kail? Try it when
+young, when there is just a shadowy down on the upper lip, and no fears
+but they will do all this "elegantly" even. Nature is slow and gentle in
+her teaching even the accomplishment of the spoon. And as for women's
+hair, don't plaster it with scented and sour grease, or with any grease;
+it has an oil of its own. And don't tie up your hair tight, and make it
+like a cap of iron over your skull. And why are your ears covered? You
+hear all the worse, and they are not the cleaner. Besides, the ear is
+beautiful in itself, and plays its own part in the concert of the
+features. Go back to the curls, some of you, and try in everything to
+dress as it becomes you, and as you become; not as that fine lady, or
+even your own Tibbie or Grizzy chooses to dress, it may be becomingly to
+her. Why shouldn't we even in dress be more ourselves than somebody or
+everybody else?
+
+I had a word about _Teeth_. Don't get young children's teeth drawn. At
+least, let this be the rule. Bad teeth come of bad health and bad and
+hot food, and much sugar. I can't say I am a great advocate for the
+common people going in for tooth-brushes. No, they are not necessary in
+full health. The healthy man's teeth clean themselves, and so does his
+skin. A good dose of Gregory often puts away the toothache. It is a
+great thing, however, to get them early stuffed, if they need it; that
+really keeps them and your temper whole. For appearance' sake merely, I
+hate false teeth, as I hate a wig. But this is not a matter to dogmatize
+about. I never was, I think, deceived by either false hair, or false
+teeth, or false eyes, or false cheeks, for there are in the high--I
+don't call it the great--world, plumpers for making the cheeks round, as
+well as a certain dust for making them bloom. But you and I don't enjoy
+such advantages.
+
+_Rheumatism_ is peculiarly a disease of the workingman. One old
+physician said its only cure was patience and flannel. Another said six
+weeks. But I think good flannel and no drunkenness (observe, I don't say
+no drinking, though very nearly so) are its best preventives. It is a
+curious thing, the way in which cold gives rheumatism. Suppose a man is
+heated and gets cooled, and being very well at any rate, and is sitting
+or sleeping in a draught; the exposed part is chilled; the pores of its
+skin, which are always exuding and exhaling waste from the body,
+contract and shut in this bad stuff; it--this is my theory--not getting
+out is taken up by a blunder of the deluded absorbents, who are always
+prowling about for something, and it is returned back to the centre, and
+finds its way into the blood, and poisons it, affecting the heart, and
+carrying bad money, bad change, bad fat, bad capital all over the body,
+making nerves, lungs, everything unhappy and angry. This vitiated blood
+arrives by and by at the origin of its mischief, the chilled shoulder,
+and here it wreaks its vengeance, and in doing so, does some general
+good at local expense. It gives pain; it produces a certain inflammation
+of its own, and if it is not got rid of by the skin and other ways, it
+may possibly kill by the rage the body gets in, and the heat; or it may
+inflame the ill-used heart itself, and then either kill, or give the
+patient a life of suffering and peril. The medicines we give act not
+only by detecting this poison of blood, which, like yeast, leavens all
+in its neighborhood, but by sending it out of the body like a culprit.
+
+_Vaccination._--One word for this. Never neglect it; get it done within
+two months after birth, and see that it is well done; and get all your
+neighbors to do it.
+
+_Infectious Diseases._--Keep out of their way; kill them by fresh air
+and cleanliness; defy them by cheerfulness, good food (_better_ food
+than usual, in such epidemics as cholera), good sleep, and a good
+conscience.
+
+When in the midst of and waiting on those who are under the scourge of
+an epidemic, be as little very close to the patient as you can, and
+don't inhale his or her breath or exhalations when you can help it; be
+rather in the current to, than from him. Be very cleanly in putting away
+all excretions at once, and quite away; go frequently into the fresh
+air; and don't sleep in your day clothes. Do what the Doctor bids you;
+don't crowd round your dying friend; you are stealing his life in taking
+his air, and you are quietly killing yourself. This is one of the worst
+and most unmanageable of our Scottish habits, and many a time have I
+cleared the room of all but one, and dared them to enter it.
+
+Then you should, in such things as small-pox, as indeed in everything,
+carry out the Divine injunction, "_Whatsoever_ ye would that men should
+do unto you, do ye even so to them." Don't send for the minister to pray
+with and over the body of a patient in fever or delirium, or a child
+dying of small-pox or malignant scarlet fever; tell him, by all means,
+and let him pray with you, and for your child. Prayers, you know, are
+like gravitation, or the light of heaven; they will go from whatever
+place they are uttered; and if they are real prayers, they go straight
+and home to the centre, the focus of all things; and you know that poor
+fellow with the crust of typhus on his lips, and its nonsense on his
+tongue,--that child tossing in misery, not knowing even its own
+mother,--what can they know, what heed can they give to the prayer of
+the minister? He may do all the good he can,--the most good maybe when,
+like Moses on the hillside, in the battle with Amalek, he uplifts his
+hands apart. No! a word spoken by your minister to himself and his God,
+a single sigh for mercy to him who is mercy, a cry of hope, of despair
+of self, opening into trust in him, may save that child's life, when an
+angel might pour forth in vain his burning, imploring words into the
+dull or wild ears of the sufferer, in the vain hope of getting _him_ to
+pray. I never would allow my father to go to typhus cases; and I don't
+think they lost anything by it. I have seen him rising in the dark of
+his room from his knees, and I knew whose case he had been laying at the
+footstool.
+
+And now, my dear friends, I find I have exhausted our time, and never
+yet got to the sermon, and its text--"_That the way of God_"--what is
+it? It is his design in setting you here; it is the road he wishes you
+to walk in; it is his providence in your minutest as in the world's
+mightiest things; it is his will expressed in his works and word, and in
+your own soul it is his salvation. That it "_may be known_," that the
+understandings of his intelligent, responsible, mortal and immortal
+creatures should be directed to it, to study and (as far as we ever can
+or need) to understand that which, in its fulness, passes all
+understanding; that it may be known "_on the earth_," here, in this very
+room, this very minute; not, as too many preachers and performers do, to
+be known only in the next world,--men who, looking at the stars, stumble
+at their own door, and it may be _smoor_ their own child, besides
+despising, upsetting, and extinguishing their own lantern. No! the next
+world is only to be reached through this; and our road through this our
+wilderness is not safe unless on the far beyond there is shining the
+lighthouse on the other side of the dark river that has no bridge. Then
+"_His saving health_"; His health--whose?--God's--his soundness, the
+wholeness, the perfectness, that is alone in and from him,--health of
+body, of heart, and brain, health to the finger-ends, health for
+eternity as well as time. "_Saving_"; we need to be saved, and we are
+salvable, this is much; and God's health can save us, that is more. When
+a man or woman is fainting from loss of blood, we sometimes try to save
+them, when all but gone, by transfusing the warm rich blood of another
+into their veins. Now this is what God, through his Son, desires to do;
+to transfuse his blood, himself, through his Son, who is himself, into
+us, diseased and weak. "_And_" refers to his health being "_known_,"
+recognized, accepted, used, "_among all nations_"; not among the U.P.s,
+or the Frees, or the Residuaries, or the Baptists, or the New Jerusalem
+people,--nor among us in the Canongate, or in Biggar, or even in old
+Scotland, but "among all nations"; then, and only then, will the people
+praise thee, O God; will all the people praise thee. Then, and then
+only, will the earth yield her increase, and God, even our own God, will
+bless us. God will bless us, and all the ends of the earth shall fear
+him.
+
+And now, my dear and patient friends, we must say good night. You have
+been very attentive, and it has been a great pleasure to me as we went
+on to preach to you. We came to understand one another. You saw through
+my jokes, and that they were not always nothing but jokes. You bore with
+my solemnities, because I am not altogether solemn; and so good night,
+and God bless you, and may you, as Don Quixote, on his death-bed, says
+to Sancho, May you have your eyes closed by the soft fingers of your
+great-grandchildren. But no, I must shake hands with you, and kiss the
+bairns,--why shouldn't I? if their mouths are clean and their breath
+sweet? As for you, _Ailie_, you are wearying for the child; and he is
+tumbling and fretting in his cradle, and wearying for you; good by, and
+away you go on your milky way. I wish I could (unseen) see you two
+enjoying each other. And good night, my bonnie _wee wifie_; you are
+sleepy, and you must be up to make your father's porridge; and _Master
+William Winkie_, will you be still for one moment while I address you?
+Well, Master William, _wamble_ not off your mother's lap, neither rattle
+in your excruciating way in an airn jug wi' an airn spoon; no more
+crowing like a cock, or skirlin' like a kenna-what. I had much more to
+say to you, sir, but you will not bide still; off with you, and a
+blessing with you.
+
+Good night, _Hugh Cleland_, the best smith of any smiddy; with your
+bowly back, your huge arms, your big heavy brows and eyebrows, your
+clear eye, and warm unforgetting heart. And you, _John Noble_, let me
+grip your horny hand, and count the queer knobs made by the perpetual
+mell. I used, when I was a Willie Winkie, and wee, to think that you
+were born with them. Never mind, you were born for them, and of old you
+handled the trowel well, and built to the plumb. _Thomas Bertram_, your
+loom is at a discount, but many's the happy day I have watched you and
+your shuttle, and the interweaving treadles, and all the mysteries of
+setting the "wab." You are looking well, and though not the least of an
+ass, you might play Bottom must substantially yet. _Andrew Wilson_,
+across the waste of forty years and more I snuff the fragrance of your
+shop; have you forgiven me yet for stealing your paint-pot (awful joy!)
+for ten minutes to adorn my rabbit-house, and for blunting your pet
+_furmer_? Wise you were always, and in the saw-pit you spoke little, and
+wore your crape. Yourself wears well, but take heed of swallowing your
+shavings unawares, as is the trick of you "wrights"; they confound the
+interior and perplex the Doctor.
+
+_Rob Rough_, you smell of rosin, and your look is stern, nevertheless,
+or all the rather, give me your hand. What a grip! You have been the
+most sceptical of all my hearers; you like to try everything, and you
+hold fast only what you consider good; and then on your _crepida_ or
+stool, you have your own think about everything human and divine, as you
+smite down errors on the lapstane, and "yerk" your arguments with a
+well-rosined lingle; throw your window open for yourself as well as for
+your blackbird; and make your shoes not to pinch. I present you, sir,
+with a copy of the book of the wise Switzer.
+
+And nimble _Pillans_, the clothier of the race, and quick as your
+needle, strong as your corduroys, I bid you good night. May you and the
+cooper be like him of Fogo, each a better man than his father; and you,
+_Mungo_ the mole-catcher, and _Tod Laurie_, and _Sir Robert_ the cadger,
+and all the other odd people, I shake your fists twice, for I like your
+line. I often wish I had been a mole-catcher, with a brown velveteen, or
+(fine touch of tailoric fancy!) a moleskin coat; not that I dislike
+moles,--I once ate the fore-quarter of one, having stewed it in a
+Florence flask, some forty years ago, and liked it,--but I like the
+killing of them, and the country by-ways, and the regularly irregular
+life, and the importance of my trade.
+
+And good night to you all, you women-folks. _Marion Graham_ the
+milkwoman; _Tibbie Meek_ the single servant; _Jenny Muir_ the
+sempstress; _Mother Johnston_ the howdie, thou consequential Mrs. Gamp,
+presiding at the gates of life; and you in the corner there, _Nancy
+Cairns_, gray-haired, meek and old, with your crimped mutch as white as
+snow; the shepherd's widow, the now childless mother, you are stepping
+home to your _bein_ and lonely room, where your cat is now ravelling a'
+her thrums, wondering where "she" is.
+
+Good night to you all, big and little, young and old; and go home to
+your bedside, there is Some One waiting there for you, and his Son is
+here ready to take you to him. Yes, he is waiting for every one of you,
+and you have only to say, "Father, I have sinned,--take me"--and he sees
+you a great way off. But to reverse the parable; it is the first-born,
+your elder brother, who is at your side, and leads you to your Father,
+and says, "I have paid his debt"; that Son who is ever with him, whose
+is all that he hath.
+
+I need not say more. You know what I mean. You know who is waiting, and
+you know who it is who stands beside you, having the likeness of the Son
+of Man. Good night! The night cometh in which neither you nor I can
+work,--may we work while it is day; whatsoever thy _hand_ findeth to do,
+do it with thy might, for there is no work or device in the grave,
+whither we are all of us hastening; and when the night is spent, may we
+all enter on a healthful, a happy, an everlasting to-morrow!
+
+
+               Cambridge: Printed by Welch, Bigelow, & Co.
+
+
+VEST-POCKET SERIES
+
+OF
+
+Standard and Popular Authors.
+
+
+     The great popularity of the "Little Classics" has proved anew
+     the truth of Dr. Johnson's remark: "Books that you may carry to
+     the fire, and hold readily in your hand, are the most useful
+     after all." The attractive character of their contents has been
+     very strongly commended to public favor by the convenient size
+     of the volumes. These were not too large to be carried to the
+     fire or held readily in the hand, and consequently they have
+     been in great request wherever they have become known.
+
+    _The Vest-Pocket Series_ consists of volumes yet smaller than
+    the "Little Classics." Their Lilliputian size, legible type, and
+    flexible cloth binding make them peculiarly convenient for
+    carrying on short journeys; and the excellence of their contents
+    makes them desirable always and everywhere. The series includes
+
+    STORIES, ESSAYS, SKETCHES, AND POEMS
+
+    SELECTED FROM THE WRITINGS OF
+    _Emerson_,
+    _Longfellow_,
+    _Whittier_,
+    _Hawthorne_,
+    _Carlyle_,
+    _Aldrich_,
+    _Hood_,
+    _Gray_,
+    _Aytoun_,
+    _Tennyson_,
+    _Lowell_,
+    _Holmes_,
+    _Browning_,
+    _Macaulay_,
+    _Milton_,
+    _Campbell_,
+    _Owen Meredith_,
+    _Pope_,
+    _Thomson_,
+    AND OTHERS OF EQUAL FAME.
+
+The volumes are beautifully printed, many of them illustrated, and bound
+in flexible cloth covers, at a uniform price of
+
+    =FIFTY CENTS EACH.=
+
+    JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO.,
+    PUBLISHERS, BOSTON.
+
+
+WORKS OF DR. JOHN BROWN.
+
+    "_Of all the John Browns, commend us to Dr. John Brown, the
+    physician, the man of genius, the humorist, the student of men,
+    women, and dogs. By means of two beautiful volumes he has given
+    the public a share of his by-hours; and more pleasant hours it
+    would be difficult to find in any life._"--London Times.
+
+
+SPARE HOURS. First Series, I vol. 16mo. Cloth, $2.00; Half calf, $3.75.
+
+_CONTENTS._--Rab and his Friends.--"With Brains, Sir."--The Mystery of
+Black and Tan.--Her Last Half-Crown.--Our Dogs.--Queen Mary's
+Child-Garden.--Presence of Mind and Happy Guessing.--My Father's
+Memoir.--Mystifications.--"Oh, I'm wat, wat!"--Arthur H.
+Hallam.--Education through the Senses.--Vaughan's Poems.--Dr.
+Chalmers.--Dr. George Wilson.--St. Paul's Thorn in the Flesh.--The Black
+Dwarf's Bones.--Notes on Art.
+
+    "Dr. John Brown is a medical practitioner in Edinburgh, whose
+    leisure mements have been devoted to the cultivation of letters,
+    and who, without the slightest degree of formality or reserve,
+    pours out his feelings on paper, showing himself equally at home
+    in the sphere of genial criticism, pathetic sentiment, and gay
+    and sportive humor. His confessions have the frankness of
+    Montaigne, and almost the playful _naivete_ of Charles Lamb,
+    combined with a vein of tender earnestness that stamps the
+    individuality of the writer. The tone of his remarks is
+    uniformly healthful, showing a genuine love of nature, and a
+    cordial sympathy with all conditions of humanity."--_New York
+    Tribune._
+
+
+=SPARE HOURS.= Second Series, I vol. 16mo. With Steel Portrait and
+Illustrations. Cloth, $2.00; Half calf, $3.75.
+
+_CONTENTS._--John Leech.--Marjorie Fleming.--Jeems the
+Door-keeper.--Minchmoor.--The Enterkin.--Health: Five Lay Sermons to
+Working-People.--The Duke of Athole.--Struan.--Thackeray's
+Death.--Thackeray's Literary Career.--More of "Our Dogs."--Plea for a
+Dog Home.--"Bibliomania."--"In Clear Dream and Solemn Vision."--A
+Jacobite Family.
+
+    "An excellent portrait of the author, showing a broad brow, and
+    a face replete with sense, shrewdness, humor, and resolute
+    force, adds to the attractiveness of one of the most attractive
+    volumes of essays published for a long period."--_Boston
+    Transcript._
+
+
+=RAB AND HIS FRIENDS.= Paper, 25 cents.
+
+    "Dr. Brown's masterpiece is the story of a dog called 'Rab.' The
+    tale moves from the most tragic pathos to the most reckless
+    humor, and could not have been written but by a man of genius.
+    Whether it moves to laughter or to tears, it is perfect in its
+    way, and immortalizes its author."--_London Times._
+
+    "A veritable gem. It is true, simple, pathetic, and touched with
+    an antique grace."--_Fraser's Magazine._
+
+
+=MARJORIE FLEMING ("Pet Marjorie").= Paper, 25 cents.
+
+    "A story of one of the most exquisite children, miraculously
+    brilliant, thoughtful, and fascinating."--_Detroit Post._
+
+    "A quaint, winning, sympathetic, beautiful sketch of
+    child-life."--_Springfield Republican._
+
+
+JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO.,
+
+PUBLISHERS, BOSTON.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Health, by John Brown
+
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