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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 87,
+June 28, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 87, June 28, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 23, 2011 [EBook #37516]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 28, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_
+fonts. Original spelling varieties have not been standardized. A list of
+volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+NOTES and QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. III.--No. 87. SATURDAY, JUNE 28. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+      On the proposed Scheme for preserving a Record of Existing
+      Monuments                                                  513
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IX.: Astronomical Evidence
+      of True Date of Canterbury Pilgrimage                      515
+
+      Curious Epigrams on Oliver Cromwell, by J. Friswell        515
+
+      Folk Lore:--Popular Superstitions in Lancashire--Folk Lore
+      in Lancashire--Lancashire Customs--Od--Pigeons             516
+
+      Minor Notes:--Lord Nelson's Dress and Sword at
+      Trafalgar--Crucifix of Mary Queen of Scots--Jonah
+      and the Whale--Anachronisms of Painters                    517
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Minor Queries:--Rifles--Stanbridge Earls--Montchesni
+      or Muncey Family--Epitaph on Voltaire--Passage in
+      Coleridge's Table Talk--"Men may live Fools, but Fools
+      they cannot die"--Etymology of Bicêtre--Theobald
+      Anguilbert and Michael Scott--"Suum cuique tribuere," &c.  518
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Organs first put up in
+      Churches--Ignoramus, Comœdia, &c.--Drake's Historia
+      Anglo-Scotica                                              518
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Corpse passing makes a Right of Way, by C. H. Cooper       519
+
+      Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen, by J. B. Colman             520
+
+      Mosaic                                                     521
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Prenzie--Lady Flora Hastings'
+      Bequest--Arches of Pelaga--Engraved Warming-pans--St.
+      Pancras--Pallavicino and Count d'Olivarez--Mind your
+      P's and Q's--Banks Family--National Debts--Monte di
+      Pietà--Registry of Dissenting Baptisms--Eisell--English
+      Sapphics--Mints at Norwich--Joseph Nobbs--Voltaire,
+      where situated--Meaning of Pilcher--Catalogues of Coins
+      of Canute--Pontoppidan's Natural History of Norway--The
+      First Panorama--Written Sermons--Bogatsky                  522
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     526
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               527
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  527
+
+      Advertisements                                             527
+
+
+
+
+ON THE PROPOSED SCHEME FOR PRESERVING A RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS.
+
+
+  The following letters, which we have received since we last
+  brought the proposed scheme for preserving a record of existing
+  monuments under the notice of our readers, afford a striking proof
+  how widely the interest in the subject is extending.
+
+  We print them now, partly because the Number of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES" now in the reader's hands completes the present volume,
+  and it is desirable that the various communications upon this
+  point should, as far as possible, be found together; and partly
+  because the time is at hand when many of our readers may have the
+  opportunity, during their summer excursions, of following out the
+  plan described by our valued correspondent YORK HERALD in the
+  following letter:--
+
+References to this subject having appeared in your valuable miscellany,
+I am unwilling to lose an opportunity it affords me of throwing in my
+mite of contribution towards the means of preserving monumental
+inscriptions. It may be better perhaps, to state the humble method I
+adopt in attempting to rescue from oblivion those memorials of the dead,
+than to suggest any. I avail myself of occasions, whenever I visit the
+country, to take notes of monumental inscriptions in churches and other
+places of sepulture; generally of all within the walls of the sacred
+edifice, and those of the principal tombs in the surrounding graveyard.
+Time very often will not allow me to take _verbatim_ copies of
+inscriptions; so I merely transcribe faithfully every date, genealogical
+note, and prominent event recorded upon monuments; omitting all
+circumlocution and mere eulogistical epitaphs. By this means, much time
+and labour are saved, and much useful and valuable information is
+secured. I should prefer taking exact copies, or even drawings of the
+most remarkable monuments; but this would occupy much time, and narrow
+the means of collecting; and by which I should have lost much that is
+valuable and interesting; copies, howsoever much they would have been
+desirable, would not possess the character of legal evidence. Thus, upon
+mere incidental occasions, I have collected sepulchral memorials from
+many churches in various parts of the country; and, in some instances,
+all contained in the village church, and the adjacent burying-ground. I
+have frequently found also that preserving an account of the relative
+positions of gravestones is important; especially when groups of family
+memorials occur in the same locality. I need scarcely add that I
+preserve memoranda of all armorial insignia found upon tombs and
+hatchments, forming a collection of arms borne by various families; and
+whether they stand the test of authority or not, at all events such
+information is useful.
+
+What store of information might be obtained, by persons having leisure
+and inclination to pursue such an object, by the simple means of an
+ordinary pocket-memorandum-book!
+
+    Thomas William King.
+
+  Our next communication, from the Rev. Canon Raines, is valuable,
+  as showing that unless some limit is placed to the antiquarian
+  ardour of those who would "collect and record every existing
+  monumental inscription," the historical and genealogical inquirer
+  will be embarrassed by a mass of materials in which, like
+  Gratiano's reasons, the two grains of wheat will be hid in two
+  bushels of chaff--a mass, indeed, which, from its extent, would
+  require to be deposited with the Registrar-General, and arranged
+  by the practised hands of his official staff.
+
+MR. DUNKIN'S proposed record of existing monuments will be, if carried
+into effect, a very useful contribution to genealogists. Many years
+since I transcribed all the inscriptions _inside_ the parish church of
+Rochdale, in Lancashire; but I never contemplated the possibility of any
+antiquary having the ardour to undertake a similar _task outside_. There
+are many thousands of gravestones, covering some _acres_; and I have
+understood that when one side of a grave-stone has been covered with
+inscriptions, the stone has been turned upside down, and the sculptor
+has again commenced his endless work on the smooth surface. In a great
+majority of these frail records nothing would be obtained which the
+parish register could not supply.
+
+    F. R. RAINES.
+
+  Milnrow Parsonage, Rochdale, June 4.
+
+  Our correspondent from Bruges furnishes, like YORK HERALD,
+  valuable evidence as to what individual exertion may accomplish;
+  and we are sure, that if he will take the trouble of securing,
+  while he has the opportunity, a copy of the inscriptions in the
+  cemetery allotted to the English at Bruges, confining himself
+  merely to the names, dates, and genealogical information contained
+  in them, and will then deposit his collections either in the
+  Library of the Society of Antiquaries, or the Manuscript
+  Department of the British Museum, he will not only be setting a
+  good example to all antiquaries who may reside in any of the
+  cities of the Continent, but earn for himself hereafter the thanks
+  of many an anxious inquirer after genealogical truth.
+
+The communications made in your interesting "NOTES AND QUERIES" have
+occasioned me much gratification, and if it be in my power to contribute
+but a mite to this rich treasury of information, I should consider it a
+privilege to be allowed to do so. To show that I am actuated by a
+kindred spirit, permit me to inform you, that a few years ago I
+undertook the formation of a desultory collection of "memorials of the
+ancient dead," and with that view corresponded with several hundred
+clergymen, inviting their local assistance; and I need scarcely add that
+a prompt and courteous attention to my wishes, encouraged my labours,
+and accomplished (so far as time and opportunity permitted) my object.
+It will be obvious that I had no intention of aiming at specimens in the
+higher department of monumental art, which have been so ably executed by
+Gough, Stothard, Neale, and others, but to content myself with those
+humbler efforts of skill which lay neglected and sometimes buried in
+holes and corners in many a rural church in remote districts.
+
+The result has put me in possession of a collection of about three
+hundred illustrations, consisting of pen-and-ink outlines, pencil
+sketches, Indian ink drawings, and some more highly finished paintings
+in water colour; and in addition to these, upwards of two hundred
+autograph letters from clergymen, many of which contain not only
+inscriptions, but interesting parochial and topographical information.
+
+The illustrations I have arranged (as well as I am able) in centuries,
+commencing with the plain cope lid of the eleventh century, according to
+the plan adopted by M. H. Bloxam, Esq., in his admirable treatise
+modestly intitled _A Glimpse at the Monumental Architecture and
+Sculpture of Great Britain_. The volume made for their reception is an
+atlas-folio, guarded; on one leaf is inserted the drawing, on the other
+the letter (if any) which accompanied it, to which are added a few brief
+memoranda of my own: it is still, however, in an unfinished state.
+
+The book is a very cumbrous one, so that its transmission would be no
+very easy task; if, however, it should be thought desirable, and the
+practicability explained, I shall have much pleasure in placing its
+contents at the disposal of any one engaged in following out the plan
+proposed.
+
+Allow me to add that, about a mile distant from the quaint and
+interesting city from whence this "note" is dated (and in which I have
+resided for some time), we come to the cemetery, a portion of which is
+allotted to the interment of those English residents, or visitors, who
+may have terminated their earthly career at this place. Should a copy of
+the inscriptions in this receptacle (which are numerous) be acceptable,
+I will endeavour to procure one; but in this case I should be glad to
+know whether these extracts should be confined to names, dates, and
+genealogical information only, or include the various tributes of
+affection or of friendship, by which they are generally accompanied.
+
+    M. W. B.
+
+  Bruges.
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. IX.
+
+_The Astronomical Evidence of the True Date of the Canterbury
+Pilgrimage._
+
+As a conclusion to my investigation of this subject, I wish to place
+upon record the astronomical results on which I have relied in the
+course of my observations; in order that their correctness may be open
+to challenge, and that each reader may compare the actual phenomena,
+rigidly ascertained with all the helps that modern science affords, with
+the several approximations arrived at by Chaucer. And when it is
+recollected that some at least of the facts recorded by him must have
+been theoretical--incapable of the test of actual observation--it must
+be admitted that his near approach to truth is remarkable: not the less
+so that his ideas on some points were certainly erroneous; as, for
+example, his adoption, in the _Treatise on the Astrolabe_, of Ptolemy's
+determination of the obliquity of the ecliptic in preference to the more
+correct value assigned to it by the Arabians of the middle ages.
+
+Assuming that the true date intended by Chaucer was Saturday the 18th of
+April, 1388, the following particulars of that day are those which have
+reference to his description:--
+
+                                                            H.    M.
+
+      Right       { Of the Sun at noon -                     2 . 17·2
+      Ascension   { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.                  12 .  5·7
+                  { Of the star (δ. Virginis)   12 . 25
+
+                                                             °    ′
+      North       { Of the Sun at noon -                    13 . 47·5
+      Declination { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.                   4 . 49·8
+                  { Of the star (δ. Virginis)    6 . 43·3
+
+                                             °    ′
+
+                  { Of the Sun at 10 a. m.   45 . 15
+      Altitude    { Of the Sun at 4 p. m.    29 . 15
+                  { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.    4 . 53
+                  { Of the star at 4 p. m.    4 . 20
+
+      Azimuth -     Of the Sun at rising -  112 . 30
+
+                                                   H.  M.
+
+                  { Of the Sun at half Azimuth     9 . 17 a. m.
+                  { Of the Sun at altitude 45°     9 . 58 a. m.
+      Apparent    { Of the Sun at altitude 29°     4 .  2 p. m.
+      Time        { Of apparent entrance
+                  { of Moon's centre into Libra    3 . 45 p. m.
+
+It will be seen that, if the place here assigned to the moon be correct,
+Chaucer could not have described it more appropriately than by the
+phrase "In méné Libra:" providing (of which there can be little doubt)
+that he used those words as synonymous with "in hedde of Libra." "Hedde
+of Libra," "hedde of Aries," are expressions constantly used by him to
+describe the equinoctial points; and the analogy that exists between
+"head," in the sense head-land or promontory, as, for example, "Orme's
+Head," "Holyhead," "Lizard Head," and the like; and "menez" in the same
+sense, need not be further insisted upon. Evidence fully sufficient to
+justify a much less obvious inference has been already produced, and I
+am enabled to strengthen it still further by the following reference,
+for which I am indebted to a private communication from H. B. C.
+
+   "Menez, _s. m._ Grande masse de terre, ou de roche, fort élevée
+   au-dessus du sol de la terre.
+
+   "Mean, ou Maen, _s. m._ Pierre, corps dur et solide qui se forme
+   dans la terre.
+
+   "(En Treguier et Cornouailes), MÉNÉ."
+
+   (Gonidec, _Dictionnaire Celto-Breton_.
+   Angoulême, 1821.)
+
+This last reference is doubly valuable, in referring the word _méné_ to
+the very neighbourhood of the scene of Chaucer's "Frankleine's Tale,"
+and in dispensing with the terminal letter _z_, thereby giving us the
+_verbum ipsissimum_ used by Chaucer.
+
+I must not be understood as entertaining the opinion that Chaucer's
+knowledge of astronomy--although undoubtedly great, considering the age
+in which he lived and the nature of his pursuits--would have enabled him
+to determine the moon's true place, with such correctness, wholly from
+theory; on the contrary, I look upon it as more probably the result of
+real observation at the time named, and, as such, adding another link to
+the chain of presumptive evidence that renders it more probable that
+Chaucer wrote the prologues to his _Canterbury Tales_ more as a
+narration (_with some embellishments_) of events that really took place,
+than that they were altogether the work of his imagination.
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+  Leeds, June, 1851.
+
+
+CURIOUS EPIGRAMS ON OLIVER CROMWELL.
+
+Looking carefully over a curious copy of the _Flagellum, or the Life and
+Death, Birth and Buriall of O. Cromwell, the late Usurper_, printed for
+Randal Taylor, 1672, I found on the back of the title the following
+epigrams, written in a handwriting and ink corresponding to the date of
+the book (which, by the way, is a late edition of the "little brown
+lying book," by Heath, which Carlyle notices): as they are curious and
+worth preserving, and I believe not to be met with elsewhere, I presume
+they may be of some interest to your readers. The book is also full of
+MS. marginal notes and remarks, evidently by some red-hot royalist,
+which are also curious in themselves, and with a selection of which I
+may some day trouble you should you wish it.
+
+  _Under Gen. Cromwell's Picture, hung up in the Royal Exchange,
+  these Lines were written._
+
+      "Ascend ye Throne Greate Captaine and Divine
+      By th' will of God, oh Lyon, for they'r thine;
+      Come priest of God, bring oyle, bring Robes, bring Golde,
+      Bring crowns, bring scepters, 'tis high time t' unfold
+      Yor cloyster'd Buggs, yor State cheates, Lifte ye Rod
+      Of Steele, of Iron, of the King of God,--
+      Pay all in wrath with interest. Kneeling pray
+      To Olivr Torch of Syon, Starr of Day.
+      Shoute then you Townds and Cyties, loudly Sing,
+      And all bare-headed cry, God save ye King!"
+
+  _The Repartee, unto this Blasphemie._
+
+      "Descende thou great Usurper from ye throne,
+      Thou, throughe thy pride, tooke what was not thine owne;
+      A Rope did better fitte thee than a Crowne,
+      Come Carnifex, and put ye Traytor downe,
+      For crownes and sceptres, and such sacred things
+      Doe not belong to Traytors, but to Kings;
+      Let therefoe all true Loyall subjects sing,
+      Vive le Roy! Long Live! God bless ye King!"
+
+In regard to the little controversy which I started regarding Bunyan's
+claim to be author of the _Visions of Heaven and Hell_, I hope soon to
+decide it, as I am on the scent of a copy of, I believe, a first
+edition, which does not claim him for author.
+
+    JAMES FRISWELL.
+
+  12. Brooke Street, Holborn.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Popular Superstitions in Lancashire._--That a man must never "go a
+courting" on a Friday. If an unlucky fellow is caught with his lady-love
+on that day, he is followed home by a band of musicians playing on
+pokers, tongs, pan-lids, &c., unless he can rid himself of his
+tormentors by giving them money to drink with.
+
+That hooping-cough will never be taken by any child which has ridden
+upon a bear. While bear baiting was in fashion, great part of the
+owner's profits arose from the money given by parents whose children had
+had a ride. The writer knows of cases in which the charm is said
+certainly to have been effectual.
+
+That hooping-cough may be cured by tying a hairy caterpillar in a small
+bag round the child's neck, and as the caterpillar dies the cough goes.
+
+That Good Friday is the best day of all the year to begin weaning
+children, which ought if possible to be put off till that day; and a
+strong hope is sometimes entertained that a very cross child will "be
+better" after it has been christened.
+
+That May cats are unlucky, and will suck the breath of children.
+
+That crickets are lucky about a house, and will do no harm to those who
+use them well; but that they eat holes in the worsted stockings of such
+members of the family as kill them. I was assured of this on the
+experience of a respectable farmer's family.
+
+The belief in ghosts, or bogards, as they are termed, is universal.
+
+In my neighbourhood I hardly know a dell where a running stream crosses
+a road by a small bridge or stone plat, where there is not frectnin
+(frightening) to be expected. Wells, ponds, gates, &c., have often this
+bad repute. I have heard of a calf with eyes like a saucer, a woman
+without a head, a white greyhound, a column of white foam like a large
+sugar-loaf in the midst of a pond, a group of little cats, &c., &c., as
+the shape of the bogard, and sometimes a lady who jumped behind hapless
+passengers on horseback. It is supposed that a Romish priest can lay
+them, and that it is best to cheat them to consent to being laid while
+hollies are green. Hollies being evergreens, the ghosts can reappear no
+more.
+
+    P. P.
+
+_Folk Lore in Lancashire_ (Vol. iii., p. 55.).--Most of, if not all the
+instances mentioned under this head by Mr. Wilkinson are, as might be
+expected, current also in the adjacent district of the West Riding of
+Yorkshire; and, by his leave, I will add a few more, which are familiar
+to me:
+
+1. If a cock near the door crows with his face towards it, it is a sure
+prediction of the arrival of a stranger.
+
+2. If the cat frisks about the house in an unusually lively manner,
+windy or stormy weather is approaching.
+
+3. If a dog howls under a window at night, a death will shortly happen
+in that house.
+
+4. If a _female_ be the first to enter a house on Christmas or New
+Year's day, she brings ill luck to that house for the coming year.
+
+5. For hooping-cough, pass the child nine times over the back and under
+the belly of an ass. (This ceremony I once witnessed, but cannot vouch
+for its having had the desired effect.)
+
+6. For warts, rub them with a cinder, and this tied up in paper and
+dropped where four roads meet, will transfer the warts to whoever opens
+the packet.
+
+    J. EASTWOOD.
+
+  Ecclesfield.
+
+_Lancashire Customs._--The curfew is continued in many of the villages,
+and until the last ten or fifteen years it was usual at a Roman Catholic
+funeral to ring a merry peal on the bells as soon as the interment was
+over. The Roman Catholics seem now to have discontinued this practice.
+
+Carol singing and hand-bell ringing prevail at Christmas, and troops of
+men and children calling themselves _pace eggers_, go about in Passion
+Week, and especially Good Friday, as mummers in the south of England do
+at Christmas. Large tallow candles may often be seen decorated with
+evergreens, hanging up in the houses of the poor at Christmas time.
+
+    P. P.
+
+_Od._--One of the experiments by which the existence of this agency is
+tested, consists in attaching a horsehair to the first joint of the
+forefinger, and suspending to it a smooth gold ring. When the elbow is
+rested on the table, and the finger held in a horizontal position, the
+ring begins to oscillate in the plane of the direction of the finger;
+but if a female takes hold of the left hand of the person thus
+experimenting, the ring begins forthwith to oscillate in a plane at
+right angles to that of its former direction. I have never tried the
+experiment, for the simple reason that I have not been able to prevail
+upon any married lady of my acquaintance to lend me her wedding-ring for
+the purpose; and even if I had found it come true, I should still doubt
+whether the motion were not owing to the pulsations of the finger veins;
+but whatever be the cause, the fact is not new. My father recently told
+me, that in his boyhood he had often seen it tried as a charm. For this
+purpose it is essential, as may be supposed, that the ring be a
+wedding-ring, and of course the lady towards whom it oscillates is set
+down as the future spouse of the gentleman experimenting.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+_Pigeons._--The popular belief, that a person cannot die with his head
+resting on a pillow containing pigeons' feathers, is well known; but the
+following will probably be as new to many of your readers as it was to
+myself. On applying the other day to a highly respectable farmer's wife
+to know if she had any pigeons ready to eat, as a sick person had
+expressed a longing for one, she said, "Ah! poor fellow! is he so far
+gone? A pigeon is generally almost the last thing they want; I have
+supplied many a one for the like purpose."
+
+    J. EASTWOOD.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Lord Nelson's Dress and Sword at Trafalgar._--Perhaps you may think it
+worth while to preserve a note written by the late Rev. Dr. Scott on the
+498th page of the second volume of Harrison's _Life of Lord Nelson_, in
+contradiction of a bombastic description therein given of the admiral's
+dress and appearance at the battle of Trafalgar.
+
+  "This is wrong, he wore the same coat he did the day before; nor
+  was there the smallest alteration in his dress whatsoever from
+  other days. In this action he had not his sword with him on deck,
+  which in other actions he had always carried.--_A. J. Scott._"
+
+Dr. Scott was the chaplain and friend in whose arms Lord Nelson died.
+
+When the late Sir N. Harris Nicolas was engaged in a controversy in _The
+Times_, respecting the sale of Lord Nelson's sword, I sent him a copy of
+the above note, and told him I had heard Dr. Scott say that "the sword
+was left hanging in the admiral's cabin." It was not found necessary to
+make use of this testimony, as the dispute had subsided.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Crucifix of Mary Queen of Scots._--The crucifix that belonged to this
+unfortunate queen, and which she is said to have held in her hands on
+the scaffold, is still preserved with great care by its present owners
+(a titled family in the neighbourhood of Winchester), and at whose seat
+I have frequently seen it. If I mistake not, the figure of our Saviour
+is of ivory, and the cross of ebony.
+
+    THE WHITE ROSE.
+
+_Jonah and the Whale._--In No. 76., p. 275., Mr. Gallatly calls
+attention to the popular error in misquoting the expression from
+Genesis: "In the sweat of thy face," &c. There is another popular error
+which may not be known to some of your correspondents: it is generally
+supposed that Jonah is recorded in the book bearing his name as having
+been swallowed by a _whale_,--this is quite an error. The expressions is
+"a great fish," and no such word as _whale_ occurs in the entire "Book
+of Jonah."
+
+    E. J. K.
+
+_Anachronisms of Painters._--I send you a further addition to the
+"Anachronisms of Painters," mentioned in Vol. iii., p. 369., and, like
+them, not in D'Israeli's list.
+
+My father (R. Robinson, of the Heath House, Wombourne) has in his
+collection a picture by Steenwyk, of the "Woman taken in Adultery," in
+which our Lord is made to write in _Dutch_! The scene also takes place
+in a church of the architecture of the thirteenth century!
+
+    G. T. R.
+
+  Wombourne, near Wolverhampton.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Rifles._--"_We_ make the best rifles, and you follow us," said the
+exhibitor of Colt's revolvers, in my hearing, with a most satisfied
+assurance, in a way "particularly communicative and easy," as _The
+Times_ of the 9th of June says of his general manner. I am always
+desirous of information, but desire the highest authority and evidence
+before I believe. I would therefore ask the opinion of all experienced
+sportsmen, such as Mr. Gordon Cumming, or of travelled officers of our
+Rifle Brigade. I may say, that if the above unqualified remark came from
+the mouth of an English maker, I should be equally incredulous. Is there
+any use for which an American rifle is to be preferred to an English
+one?
+
+    A. C.
+
+_Stanbridge or Standbridge Earls._--Can any of your correspondents give
+me any information respecting Stanbridge or Standbridge Earls, near
+Romsey, Hants? There are the remains of a palace of the Saxon kings
+still there, many parts of which are in good preservation, the chapel
+being now used as the kitchen of Stanbridge House?
+
+I have also read that one of the kings was buried in this chapel, and
+afterwards removed to Winchester; but, having no note of the book,
+should be glad to be referred to it.
+
+    COLLY WOBBLES.
+
+_Montchesni, or Muncey Family._--Can any of your correspondents inform
+us what has become of the Norman line of Montchesni, or Muncey, a family
+which, like those of Maldebauge and De Loges, held baronial rank in
+England for several generations after the Conquest, though it is now
+forgotten?
+
+    P.
+
+_Epitaph on Voltaire._--The late Sir F. Jeffrey, in a review of the
+correspondence of Baron de Grimm, quotes an epitaph on Voltaire, which
+he states to have been made by a lady of Lausanne:
+
+      "Ci gît l'enfant gaté du monde qu'il gata."
+
+Has the name of this lady been ascertained?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Passage in Coleridge's Table Talk._--In _Specimens of Coleridge's Table
+Talk_ (p. 165., Murray, 1851) appears the following:--
+
+  "So little did the early bishops and preachers think their
+  Christian faith wrapped up in, and solely to be learned from, the
+  New Testament, that I remember a letter from ----[1] to a friend
+  of his, a bishop in the East, in which he most evidently speaks of
+  the _Christian_ scriptures as of works of which the bishop knew
+  little or nothing."
+
+  [Footnote 1: "I have lost the name which Mr. Coleridge
+  mentioned."--_Editor's Note._]
+
+My object is to know how this blank is to be filled up--probably by the
+name of some well-known father of the Church.
+
+    GEORGE LEWES.
+
+  Oxford, May 28.
+
+_"Men may live fools, but fools they cannot die."_--These words are
+given in Young's _Night Thoughts_ as a quotation. Can any of your
+correspondents inform me whence they are taken?
+
+    E. J. K.
+
+_Etymology of Bicêtre._--In a work entitled _Description routière et
+géographique de l'Empire Français_, by R. V., Paris, 1813, the following
+notice of Bicêtre occurs in vol. i. p. 84.:--
+
+  "On voit bientôt, à peu de distance à droite, d'abord dans un
+  bas-fond, arrosé par la petite rivière de Bièvre ou des Gobelins,
+  le village de Gentilly, qui se vante de quelqu'ancienneté, et d'un
+  Concile tenu en 767; ensuite, sur une éminence, au bout d'une
+  jolie avenue en berceau, l'hôpital de Bicêtre, qui, fondé en 1290
+  par un Evêque de Paris, appartint depuis, dit-on, à un Evêque de
+  Wincester ou Wincestre, d'où par corruption on a fait Bicêtre.
+
+  "C'est une chose assez piquante que cette étymologie anglaise. Les
+  auteurs qui nous l'apprennent eussent bien dû nous en apprendre
+  aussi les circonstances. J'ai consulté à cet égard tout ce qui
+  était à consulter, sans faire d'autre découverte que quelques
+  contradictions dans les dates, et sans pouvoir offrir aucun
+  éclaircissement historique à mes lecteurs, aussi curieux que moi,
+  sans doute, de savoir comment un prélat anglais est venu donner le
+  nom de son évêché à un château de France."
+
+Is there any warrant in English history for this derivation of Bicêtre;
+and if so, who was the Bishop of Winchester that gave the name of his
+diocese to that celebrated hospital?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, June, 1851.
+
+_Theobald Anguilbert and Michael Scott._--M. Barbier, in his
+_Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes_, says that Michael
+Scott is a pseudonyme for Theobald Anguilbert, and ascribes the _Mensa
+philosophica_ to the latter as the real author. Can any one tell me who
+is Theobald Anguilbert, for I can find no account of him anywhere? and
+if there ever was such a person, whether _all_ the writings bearing the
+name of Michael Scott, who, by all accounts, appears to have been a real
+person, are to be assigned to the said Anguilbert?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+_"Suum cuique tribuere," &c._--Can any of your readers tell me where the
+following passage is to be found?
+
+  "Suum cuique tribuere, ea demum summa justitia est."
+
+All persons of whom I have inquired, tell me it is from Cicero, but no
+one can inform me _where_ it is to be found.
+
+    M. D.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Organs first put up in Churches._--In the parish register of Buxted, in
+Sussex, allusion is made to the time when the organs were put up in the
+church, but which had been taken down. This entry was made in the year
+1558. Any information as to the earliest period when organs were placed
+in our churches will much oblige.
+
+    R. W. B.
+
+  [Our correspondent will find some interesting matter on the early
+  use of organs in churches in the Rev. F. D. Wackerbath's _Music
+  and the Anglo-Saxons_, pp. 6-24. London. 8vo. 1837.]
+
+_Ignoramus, Comœdia, &c._--Perhaps some of your correspondents can
+enlighten me on the following points.
+
+1. Who was the author of this play? The Latin is sufficiently
+ultra-canine for his pedantic majesty himself.
+
+2. Do the words "coram Regia Maiestate _Jacobi, Regis Angliæ_," &c.,
+mean that the play was acted in the presence of the king? I am inclined
+to give them that interpretation from some allusions at the end of the
+last act, as well as from its being written in Latin.
+
+3. Are any of the race-courses therein mentioned still used as such?
+
+  "In Stadio Roystoniensi, Brackliensi, Gatterliensi, Coddington."
+
+This is the earliest mention of _fixed_ English race-courses that I have
+met with, and not being much versed in the secrets of the modern
+"cespite vivo," I am obliged to inquire of those who are better informed
+on that subject.
+
+    F. J.
+
+  [The author of _Ignoramus_ was George Ruggles, A. M., of Clare
+  Hall, Cambridge. This comedy, as well as that of _Albumazar_, were
+  both acted before King James I. and the Prince of Wales, during a
+  visit to Cambridge in March, 1614-15. The edition of _Ignoramus_,
+  edited by J. S. Hawkins, 8vo., 1787, contains a Life of Ruggles,
+  and a valuable Glossary to his "ultra-canine Latin" legal terms.
+  There is also a translation of this comedy, with the following
+  title: "_Ignoramus: a Comedy as it was several times acted with
+  extraordinary applause before the Majesty of King James._ With a
+  Supplement, which (out of respect to the Students of the Common
+  Law) was hitherto wanting. Written in Latine by R. Ruggles,
+  sometime Master of Arts in Clare Hall, in Cambridge, and
+  translated into English by R. C. [Robert Codrington, A. M.] of
+  Magdalen Colledge, in Oxford. London. 4to. 1662."]
+
+_Drake's Historia Anglo-Scotica._--Will any of your learned readers
+inform me, for what reason and by what authority Drake's _Historia
+Anglo-Scotica_, published in 1703, was ordered to be burned by the
+hangman? And where I can meet with a report of the proceedings relating
+to it?
+
+    FRA. MEWBURN.
+
+  Darlington.
+
+  [Dr. Drake was not the author, but merely the editor of _Historia
+  Anglo-Scotica_. In the dedication he says, "Upon a diligent
+  revisal, in order, if possible, to discover the name of the
+  author, and the age of his writing, he found that it was written
+  in, or at least not finished till, the time of Charles I." It is
+  singular, however, that he does not give the least intimation by
+  what mysterious influence the manuscript came to be wafted into
+  his library. It was ordered by the parliament of Scotland, on the
+  30th of June, 1703, to be burned by the common hangman.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+CORPSE PASSING MAKES A RIGHT WAY.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 477.)
+
+The fact of the passage of a funeral procession over land, from being an
+act of user of a very public character, must always have had some
+influence on the trial of the question whether the owner of the land had
+dedicated the same to the public; and it is not improbable that in early
+times very great weight was attached to evidence of this kind: so that
+the passage of a corpse across land came to be considered in the popular
+mind as conclusive and incontrovertible evidence of a public right of
+way over that land. With the reverence for the dead which is so pleasing
+a characteristic of modern refinement, it is probable that acts of user
+of this description would now have little weight, inasmuch as no man of
+right feeling would be disposed to interrupt parties assembled on so
+mournful and solemn an occasion. I recollect, however, having read a
+trial in modern times for a riot, arising out of a forcible attempt to
+carry a corpse over a field against the will of the landowner; the
+object of the parties in care of the corpse was believed to be the
+establishment of a public right of way over the field in question, the
+owner of which, with a body of partisans, forcibly resisted the attempt,
+on the apparent belief that the act of carrying a corpse across the
+field would certainly have established the right claimed. I regret I did
+not "make a Note" of the case, so as to be able to specify the time,
+place, and circumstances with certainty.
+
+That the notion in question is of great antiquity may I think be
+inferred from the following passage in _Prynne's Records_, iii. 213.,
+referring to Walter Bronescombe, Bishop of Exeter, 1258-1280 (and as the
+authority for which, Prynne cites Holinshed's _Chronicle_, 1303, 1304;
+and Godwin's _Catalogue of Bishops_, 326.):--
+
+  "He did by a Policy purchase the Lordship and House of Clift
+  Sachfeld, and enlarged the Barton thereof by gaining of Cornish
+  Wood from the Dean and Chapter fraudulently; building then a very
+  fair and sumptuous house there; he called it Bishop's Clift, and
+  left the same to his successors. Likewise he got the Patronage of
+  Clift Fomesone, now called Sowton, and annexed the same to his new
+  Lordship, which (as it was said) he procured by this means. He had
+  a Frier to be his Chaplain and Confessor, which died in his said
+  House of Clift, and should have been buried at the Parish Church
+  of Faringdon, because the said House was and is in that Parish;
+  but because the Parish Church was somewhat farre off, the wayes
+  foul, and the weather rainy, or for some other causes, the Bishop
+  commanded the corps to be carryed to the parish church of Sowton,
+  then called Clift Fomeson, which is very near, and bordereth upon
+  the Bishop's Lordship; the two Parishes being then divided by a
+  little Lake called Clift. At this time one Fomeson, a Gentleman,
+  was Lord and Patron of Clift Fomeson; and he, being advertised of
+  such a Burial towards in his Parish, and a leech way to be made
+  over to his Land, without his leave or consent required therein;
+  calleth his Tenants together, goeth to the Bridge over the lake
+  between the Bishop's Land and his; there meeteth the Bishop's men,
+  bringing the said Corps, and forbiddeth them to come over the
+  water. The men nothing regarding the Prohibition, do press
+  forwards to come over the water, and the others do withstand, so
+  long, that in the end, my Lord's Fryer is fallen into the Water.
+  The Bishop taketh this matter in such grief, that a holy Fryer, a
+  Religious man, his own Chaplain and Confessor, should be so
+  unreverently cast into the Water, that he falleth out with the
+  Gentleman, and upon what occasion I know not, he sueth him in the
+  Law (in his own Ecclesiastical Court, where he was both party and
+  Judge), and so vexeth and tormenteth him, that in the end he was
+  fain to yeeld himself to the Bishop's devotion, and seeketh all
+  the wayes he could to carry the Bishop's good will, which he could
+  not obtain, until for redemption he had given up and surrendered
+  his patronage of Sowton, with a piece of land; all which the said
+  Bishop annexed to his new Lordship."
+
+In "An Exhortation, to be spoken to such Parishes where they use their
+Perambulation in Rogation Week; for the Oversight of the Bounds and
+Limits of their Town," is a curious passage, which I subjoin:
+
+  "It is a shame to behold the insatiableness of some covetous
+  persons in their doings; that where their ancestors left of their
+  land a broad and sufficient bier-balk, to carry the corpse to the
+  Christian sepulture, how men pinch at such bier-balks, which by
+  long use and custom ought to be inviolably kept for that purpose;
+  and now they quite eat them up, and turn the dead body to be borne
+  farther about in the high streets; or else, if they leave any such
+  meer, it is too straight for two to walk on."--_Homilies_, ed.
+  Corrie, p. 499.
+
+It may perhaps be considered not quite irrelevant here to state that
+there seems once to have been an opinion, that the passage of the
+sovereign across land had the effect of making a highway thereon. The
+only allusion, however, to this opinion which I can call to mind, occurs
+in Peck's _Antiquarian Annals of Stanford_, lib. xi. s. xii.; an extract
+from which follows:--
+
+  "From Stanford King Edward, as I conceive, went to Huntingdon; for
+  in a letter of one of our kings dated at that town the 12th of
+  July (without any year or king's name to ascertain the time and
+  person it belongs to), the King writes to the aldermen and
+  bailiffs of Stanford, acquainting them, that, when he came to
+  Stanford, he went through Pilsgate field (coming then I suppose
+  from Peterborough), and, it being usual it seems that whatever way
+  the King rides to any place (though the same was no public way
+  before) for everybody else to claim the same liberty afterwards,
+  and thenceforth to call any such new passage the King's highway;
+  being followed to Huntingdon by divers of his own tenants,
+  inhabitants of Pilsgate, who then and there represented the damage
+  they should sustain by such a practice, the King by his letters
+  immediately commanded that his passing that way should not be made
+  a precedent for other people's so doing, but did utterly forbid
+  and discharge them therefrom. His letter, directed 'to our dearly
+  beloved the alderman, bailiffs, and good people of our Town of
+  Stanford,' upon this occasion, is thus worded:--'Dear and
+  well-beloved friends, by the grievous complaint of our beloved
+  lieges and tenents of the town of Pillesyate near our town of
+  Staunford, we have understood, that, in as much as, on Tuesday
+  last, we passed through the middle of a meadow and a certain
+  pasture there called Pillesyate meadow appertaining to the said
+  town of Pillesyate, you, and others of the country circumjacent,
+  claim to have and use an high way royal to pass through the middle
+  of the said meadow and pasture, to the great damage and disseisin
+  of our said lieges and tenents, whereupon they have supplicated
+  for a remedy; so we will, if it be so, and we command and charge
+  firmly, that you neither make nor use, nor suffer to be made nor
+  used by others of our said town of Staunford, nor others
+  whatsoever, no high road through the middle of the said meadow and
+  pasture; but that you forbear from it entirely, and that you cause
+  it to be openly proclaimed in our said town, that all others of
+  our said town and the country round it, do likewise; to the end
+  that our said tenents may have and peaceably enjoy the said meadow
+  and pasture, so, and in the manner, as they have done before these
+  times, without disturbance or impeachment of you or others, of
+  what estate or condition soever they be, notwithstanding that we
+  passed that way in manner as is said. And this in no manner fail
+  ye. Given under our signet at Huntyngdon the 12th day of July.'"
+
+I am unable to say whether the opinion it was the object of the above
+royal letter to refute was general, or was peculiar to the "good people"
+of Stanford, "and others of the country circumjacent."
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, June 18. 1851.
+
+
+DOZEN OF BREAD; BAKER'S DOZEN
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 298.; Vol iii., p. 153.).
+
+From the following extracts from two of the "Bury Wills" recently
+published by the Camden Society, it would appear that a dozen of bread
+always consisted of _twelve_ loaves; and that the term "Baker's dozen"
+arose from the practice of giving, in addition to the _twelve_ loaves, a
+further quantity as "_inbread_," in the same manner as it is (or until
+recently was) the custom to give an extra bushel of coals as "ingrain"
+upon the sale of a large quantity; a chaldron, I believe.
+
+Francis Pynner, of Bury, Gent., by will, dated April 26, 1639, gave to
+feoffees certain property upon trust (_inter alia_) out of the rents,
+upon the last Friday in every month in the year, to provide one twopenny
+loaf for each of forty poor people in Bury, to be distributed by the
+clerk, sexton, and beadle of St. Mary's parish, who were to have the
+"_inbread of the said bread_." And the testator also bequeathed certain
+other property to feoffees upon trust to employ the rents as follows
+(that is to say):--
+
+  "The yerely sūme of ffiue pounds p'cell of the said yerely
+  rents to be bestowed in wheaten bread, to be made into _penny_
+  loaves, and upon eu'y Lord's day, called Sonday, throughout eu'y
+  yere of the said terme [40 years or thereabouts], _fowre_ and
+  _twenty_ loaves of the said bread, with the _inbread_ allowed by
+  the baker for those _twoe dosens_ of bread, to be timely brought
+  and sett vpon a forme towards the vpp' end of the chancell of the
+  said p'ish church of St. Marie, and ... the same _twoe dosens_ of
+  bread to be giuen and distributed ... to and amongst fowre and
+  twentie poore people ... the p'ish clarke and sexton of the said
+  church, and the beadle of the said p'ish of St. Marie for the time
+  then being, shall alwaies be three which from time to time shall
+  haue their shares and parts in the said bread. And they, the said
+  clarke, sexton, and bedell, shall alwaies haue the _inbread_ of
+  all the bread aforesaid ovr and besides their shares in the said
+  twoe dosens of bread from time to time----"
+
+And William Fiske, of Pakenham, Gent., by will, dated March 20, 1648,
+provided twelvepence a week to pay weekly for _one dozen_ of bread which
+his mind was, should "be weekly given vnto twelue _or thirteene_"
+persons therein referred to.
+
+    J. B. COLMAN.
+
+  Eye, June 16. 1851.
+
+
+MOSAIC.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 389.)
+
+Among the various kinds of picturesque representation, practised by the
+Greeks and Romans, and transmitted by them to after times, is that of
+_Mosaic_, a mode of execution which, in its durability of form, and
+permanency of colour, possesses distinguished advantages, being
+unaffected by heat or cold, drought or moisture, and perishing only with
+the building to which it has been originally attached. This art has been
+known in Rome since the days of the Republic. The severer rulers of that
+period forbade the introduction of foreign marbles, and the republican
+mosaics are all in black and white. Under the Empire the art was greatly
+improved, and not merely by the introduction of marbles of various
+colours, but by the invention of artificial stones, termed by the
+Italians _Smalti_, which can be made of every variety of tint. This art
+was never entirely lost. On the introduction of pictures into Christian
+temples, they were first made of _mosaic_: remaining specimens of them
+are rude, but profoundly interesting in an historical point of view.
+When art was restored in Italy, mosaic also was improved; but it
+attained its greatest perfection in the last and present century. _Roman
+mosaic, as now practised, may be described as being the production of
+pictures by connecting together numerous minute pieces of coloured
+marble or artificial stones. These are attached to a ground of copper,
+by means of a strong cement of gum mastic, and other materials, and are
+afterwards ground and polished, as a stone would be, to a perfectly
+level surface._ By this art not only are ornaments made on a small
+scale, but pictures of the largest size are copied. The most remarkable
+modern works are the copies which have been executed of some of the most
+important works of the great masters, for the altars in St. Peter's.
+These are, in every respect, perfect imitations of the originals; and
+when the originals, in spite of every care, must change and perish,
+these mosaics will still convey to distant ages a perfect idea of the
+triumphs of art achieved in the fifteenth century. _Twenty years_ were
+employed in making one of the copies I have mentioned. The pieces of
+mosaic vary in size from an eighth to a sixteenth of an inch, and eleven
+men were employed for that time on each picture. A great improvement was
+introduced into the art in 1775, by Signor Raffaeli, who thought of
+preparing the _smalti_ in what may be termed fine threads. _The pastes
+or smalti are manufactured at Venice, in the shape of crayons, or like
+sticks of sealing-wax, and are afterwards drawn out by the workman, by a
+blowpipe, into the thickness he requires, often almost to an hair, and
+are seldom thicker than the finest grass stalk._ For tables, and large
+articles, of course, the pieces are thicker; but the beauty of the
+workmanship, the soft gradation of the tints, and the cost, depend upon
+the _minuteness_ of the pieces, and the skill displayed by the artist. A
+ruin, a group of flowers or figures, will employ a good artist about two
+months, when only two inches square; and a specimen of such a
+description costs from 5_l._ to 20_l._, according to the execution: a
+landscape, six inches by four, would require eighteen months, and would
+cost from 40_l._ to 50_l._ For a picture of Pæstum, eight feet long by
+twenty inches broad, on which four men were occupied for three years,
+1000_l._ sterling was asked. The mosaic work of Florence differs
+entirely from Roman mosaic, being composed of stones inserted in
+comparatively large masses. It is called work in _pietra dura_; the
+stones used are all of a more or less precious nature. In old specimens,
+the most beautiful works are those in which the designs are of an
+arabesque character. The most remarkable specimen of this description of
+_pietra dura_, is an octagonal table, in the _Gubinetto di Baroccio_, in
+the Florence Gallery. It is valued at 20,000_l._ sterling, and was
+commenced in 1623 by Jacopo Detelli, from designs by Ligozzi. Twenty-two
+artists worked upon it without interruption till it was terminated, in
+the year 1649.
+
+One principal distinction between the ancient and modern mosaic is, I
+believe, that the former was arranged in _patterns_, the latter
+_coloured in shades_. I shall not take up your columns by dwelling on
+the ancient mosaic, which, as all know was in use among the Orientals,
+especially the Persians and Assyrians; and from the Easterns the Greeks
+received the art. In the Book of Esther, i. 6., we have an allusion to a
+mosaic pavement; and Schleusner understands the Λιθόστρωτον of
+St. John, xix. 13., to mean a sort of elevated mosaic pavement. Andrea
+Tafi, towards the close of the thirteenth century, is said to have
+revived this art in Italy, having learned it from a Greek named
+Apollonius, who worked at the church of St. Mark at Venice, and to have
+been the founder of the modern mosaic.
+
+Now for the derivation. The Lithostrata, or tesselated pavements of the
+Romans, being worked in a regular and mechanical manner, were called
+_opus musivum, opera qua ad amussim facta sunt_. Hence the Italian
+_musaico_, from whence is derived our appellation of _mosaic_; but, like
+most of our arts, through the channel of the French _mosaïque_. (Vide
+Pitisci _Lexicon_, ii. 242.; Roscoe's _Life of Lorenzo de Medici_;
+Winkelman; _Pompeiana_, by Gell; Smith's _Greek and Roman Antiq._;
+Beckman's _Inventions_; and _Récherches sur la Peinture en Mosaïque chez
+les Anciens_, &c., annexed to his _Description d'un Pavé en Mosaïque_,
+&c.: Paris, 1802.)
+
+    GERONIMO.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Prenzie_ (Vol. iii., p. 401.)--Several words have been suggested to
+take the place of the unintelligible "_prenzie_" in _Measure for
+Measure_; but none of them appear to me to satisfy all the four
+conditions justly required by Leges.
+
+I would suggest _phrensied_ or _phrenzied_, a word extremely like
+_prenzie_ both in sound and appearance, and of the proper metre, thus
+perfectly satisfying two of the conditions.
+
+With respect to the propriety of using this word in the two instances
+where _prenzie_ occurs, Claudio, in the first place, when informed by
+his sister of the villany of Angelo, may well exclaim in astonishment--
+
+      "The _phrenzied_ Angelo?"
+
+_i.e._ "What, is he mad?" or, with a note of admiration, "Why, Angelo
+must be mad!" Then, I think, naturally follows Isabella's reply:--
+
+      "O 'tis the cunning livery of Hell,
+      The damned'st body to invest and cover
+      In _phrenzied_ guards!"
+
+that is, in the disguise or under the cloak of madness.
+
+Johnson defines Frenzy to be
+
+   "Madness; distraction of mind; alienation of understanding; any
+   violent passion approaching to madness."
+
+and surely Angelo's _violent passion_ for Isabella, and his
+determination to gratify it at all risks, may, properly be said to
+_approach to madness_.
+
+    W. G. M.
+
+There is a Scotch word so nearly resembling this, and at the same time
+so exactly answering to the sense which the passage in _Measure for
+Measure_ requires, that it may be worth while calling the attention of
+the Shakspearian commentators to it. In Allan Cunningham's Glossary to
+Burns, I find _Primsie_, which he defines to mean _demure_, _precise_.
+An old Scotch proverb is quoted, in which the word is used:
+
+      "A _primsie_ damsel makes a laidlae dame."
+
+The term is evidently connected with, or formed from, the English
+_prim_, which has the same sense. It seems this was formerly sometimes
+written _prin_. Halliwell cites from Fletcher's poems the lines--
+
+      "He looks as gaunt and prin, as he that spent
+      A tedious twelve years in an eager Lent."
+
+Now if from _prim_ be formed the secondary adjective _primsie_, so from
+_prin_ we get _prinsie_ or _prinzie_. But without resorting to the
+supposition of the existence of this latter word, it is evident that in
+_primzie_, which does or did exist, we have a word answering all the
+conditions laid down by Leges for determining the true reading, more
+nearly than any other that has been suggested.
+
+    CEBES.
+
+  [Dr. Jamieson, in his _Scottish Dictionary_, defines Primsie,
+  demure, precise, S. from E. _prim_.
+
+      "Poor Willie, wi' his bow-kail runt
+      Was brunt wi' primsie Mallie."
+
+      Burns, iii. 129.]
+
+_Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest_ (Vol. iii., p. 443.).--Were the beautiful
+lines entitled "Lady Flora's Bequest" in reality written by that
+lamented lady? They are not to be found in the volume of her Poems
+published after her death by her sister, the Marchioness of Bute; and
+they did appear in _The Christian Lady's Magazine_ for September, 1839,
+with the signature of Miss M. A. S. Barber appended to them.
+
+In the preceding Number of the same magazine there is a very touching
+account of Lady Flora, from the pen of its talented editress, who
+mentions the fact of Lady Flora having with her _dying hand_ "delivered
+to her fond brother a little Bible, the gift of her mother, requesting
+him to restore it to that beloved parent with the assurance that from
+the age of seven years, when she received it from her, it had been her
+best treasure; and, she added, her sole support under all her recent
+afflictions."
+
+If your correspondent Erza has never seen that obituary notice (Seeleys,
+publishers) I think she will be glad to meet with it.
+
+    L. H. K.
+
+_Arches of Pelaga_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.)--This term is in common use
+among sailors, meaning the Mediterranean Archipelago, and they may very
+often be heard saying--"When I was up the Arches."
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Engraved Warming-Pans_ (Vol. iii., pp. 84. 115.).--I beg to add to the
+lists of H. G. T., and E. B. Price.
+
+Some years ago I purchased one in Bradford, Wilts, and several at
+Bedwyn Magna in the same county. The Bradford one bears an heraldic
+nondescript animal with horns on its head and nose, and a coronet round
+its neck, surrounded by--
+
+      "The . Lord . reseve . us . into . His . kingdom . 1616."
+
+One of the Bedwyn ones bears a lion passant holding a scimitar, with the
+motto:
+
+      "Feare . God . and . obay . the . king . 161--."
+
+The last figure of the date is obliterated. Another has a shield bearing
+three tuns, surrounded by--
+
+      "The Vintners' arms."
+
+One in the possession of a farmer in the parish of Barton Turf, Norfolk,
+bears an eagle with a human head at its feet, surrounded by--
+
+      "The . Erl . of . Darbeyes . arms." 1660.
+
+    W. C. LUKIS.
+
+  Great Bedwyn, June, 1851.
+
+_St. Pancras_ (Vol. iii., pp. 285. 397.).--St. Pancras was a native of
+the province of Phrygia, the son of a nobleman of the name of Cledonius;
+who, when at the point of death, strongly recommended this his only son,
+together with his fortune, which was very great, to the care of his
+brother Dionysius, he being the only near relative in being, the mother
+having previously deceased.
+
+This trust Dionysius faithfully fulfilled, bringing up and loving his
+nephew as he would have done his own son; and when, three years after
+the death of Cledonius, he quitted his native country and proceeded to
+Rome, the youthful Pancras accompanied him. Upon reaching the imperial
+city, the uncle and nephew took up their residence in the same suburb
+where the Pope Marcellinus had fled for concealment from the persecution
+which had been raised against the Christians by the Emperors Diocletian
+and Maximianus. Here they had not been long resident before the fame of
+the great sanctity and virtue of Marcellinus reached their ears, and
+caused an ardent desire in both to see and converse with one so highly
+spoken of. A convenient opportunity was soon found, and in a short time
+both the uncle and nephew, renouncing their idolatry, became converted
+to the Christian faith.
+
+So strong was the effect produced upon them by this change, that the
+chief desire of both was to die for their religion; and, without waiting
+for the arrival of the officers who were continually searching for the
+hidden Christians, they voluntarily surrendered themselves to the
+ministers of justice.
+
+A few days after this event, however, Dionysius was called hence by a
+natural death.
+
+Diocletian, who is said to have been a friend of Cledonius, and moved
+perhaps by the youth and graceful appearance of Pancras, strove by
+flattery and caresses to induce him to do sacrifice to the heathen gods;
+to this proposition Pancras absolutely refused to consent, and
+reproached the Emperor for his weakness in believing to be gods, men,
+who, while on earth, had been remarkable for their vices. Diocletian,
+stung by these reproaches, commanded that the youth should be instantly
+beheaded, which sentence was immediately carried into execution. His
+death is said to have taken place on 12th May, 303; the martyr being
+then but fourteen years of age.
+
+The gate in Rome, rendered so remarkable lately as having been the chief
+point attacked by the French troops, was formerly called Porta Aurelia;
+but was subsequently named Porta Pancrazio, after this youthful
+sufferer.
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Pallavicino and Count d'Olivarez_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.)--Ferrante
+Pallavicino was descended from a noble family, seated in Placenza. He
+entered the monastery of Augustine Friars at Milan, where he became a
+regular canon of the Lateran congregation. He was a man of fine genius,
+and possessed great wit, but having employed it in writing several
+satirical pieces against Urban VIII. during the war between the
+Barberini and the Duke of Parma and Placenza, he became so detested at
+the court of Rome, that a price was set on his head. One Charles Morfu,
+a French villain, was bribed to ensnare him, and pretending to pass for
+his friend and pity his misfortunes, persuaded him to go to France,
+which he said would be much to his advantage. Pallavicino gave himself
+up entirely to the direction of this false friend, who conducted him
+over the bridge at Sorgues into the territory of Venaissin, where he was
+arrested by people suborned for that purpose, was carried to Avignon,
+thrown into a dungeon, from which he tried to make his escape, and in
+the year 1644, after a fourteen months' imprisonment, was beheaded in
+the flower of his age. He was the author of a number of small pieces,
+all of which are marked by the lively genius of the author. They were
+collected and published at Venice in 1655, and amongst them I found one
+entitled "La disgracia del Conte d'Olivarez," which, perhaps, may be the
+work Mr. Souley has in MS.
+
+For a more lengthy account of this unhappy and extraordinary man, I
+would refer Mr. Souley to the life prefixed to his collected works, and
+to that prefixed to a French translation of his _Divortio celeste_,
+printed at Amsterdam in 1696; and also to the preface to the English
+translation of that same very curious work, printed at London in 1718.
+
+    WILLIAM BROWN, JUN.
+
+_Mind your P's and Q's_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 357. 463.).--When I
+proposed this Query, I mentioned that I had heard one derivation of the
+phrase. As it is different from either of those which have been sent,
+it may, perhaps, be worth insertion. I was told by a printer that the
+phrase had originated among those of his craft, since young compositors
+experience great difficulty in discriminating between the types of the
+two letters.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+[A correspondent has kindly suggested a new version of this saying, and
+suggests that for the future our readers should be reminded to mind, not
+their P's and Q's, but their N's and Q's.]
+
+_Banks, Family of_ (Vol. iii., pp. 390. 458.).--In No. 81. R. C. H. H.
+asks if John Banks the philosopher was descended from Sir John Banks,
+Lord Chief Justice in Charles I.'s reign.
+
+As a grandson of the former, I take great interest in this, but am sorry
+to say that I can give no information at present on that branch of the
+subject. The philosopher's family were settled for some generations at
+Grange, near Keswick. I should be obliged if R. C. H. H. would
+communicate the name and publisher of the book on the Lakes which he
+quotes from, as I am exceedingly anxious to trace the genealogy.
+
+    BAY.
+
+  Liverpool, June 19. 1851.
+
+_National Debts_ (Vol. iii., p. 374.).--The following extract from _La
+Cronica di Giovanni Villani_, lib. xii. c. 35., appears to have some
+reference to the Query made by F. E. M.:
+
+  "E nel detto mese di Febbraio, 1344, per lo comune si fece ordine,
+  che qualunque cittadino dovesse avere dal comune per le prestanze
+  fatte al tempo de' venti della balia, come addieto facemmo
+  menzione, che si trovarono fiorini cinquecento-settantamila d'oro,
+  sanza il debito di Messer Mastino della Scala, ch' erano presso a
+  centomila fiorini d'oro, che si mettessono in uno registro
+  ordinatemente; e dare il comune ogni anno di provvisione e
+  usufrutto cinque per centinaio, dando ogni mese la paga per rata;
+  e diputossi a fornire il detto guiderdone parte alla gabella delle
+  parti, e parte ad altre gabelle, che montava l'anno da fiorini
+  venticinque mila d'oro, dov' erano assegnate le paghe di Messer
+  Mastino; e pagato lui, fossone assignati alla detta satisfazione;
+  il quale Messer Mastino fu pagato del mese di Dicembre per lo modo
+  che diremo innanzi. E cominciossi la paga della detta provvisione
+  del mese d'Ottobre 1345."
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Monte di Pietà_ (Vol. iii., p. 372.)--In reply to your correspondent W.
+B. H., requesting to be informed of the connexion between a "Pietà" and
+a "Monte di Pietà," it may be observed that there does not appear to be
+any necessary connexion between the two expressions. The term "a Pietà"
+is generally used to denote the figure of the dead Saviour attended by
+His Blessed Mother: for example, the celebrated one in St. Peter's at
+Rome. The word "Monte," besides its signification of "montagna,"
+expresses also "luogo publico ove si danno oi si pigliano denari ad
+interesse;" also "luogo publico altresì dove col pegno si prestano
+denari con piccolo interesse."
+
+"Pietà," in addition to its signification of "devozione," or "virtù per
+cui si ama ed onora Dia," &c., which would apply to the figure of the
+dead Saviour, expresses "compassione amorevole verso il suo simile."
+
+Monte di Pietà would therefore be a place where money was lent at
+interest, on such terms as were in unison with a kind and compassionate
+feeling towards our neighbour. This species of establishment was first
+commenced in Italy towards the end of the fifteenth century, by Il Beato
+Bernardino da Feltri, who carried his opposition to the Jews so far as
+to preach a crusade against them. The earliest Monte of which any record
+appears to exist was founded in the city of Padua in 1491; the effect of
+which was to cause the closing of twelve loan banks belonging to the
+Jews.
+
+From Italy they were shortly afterwards introduced into France.
+
+The first legal sanction given to these establishments was granted by
+Pope Leo X. in 1551.
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Registry of Dissenting Baptisms_ (Vol. iii., pp. 370. 460.).--From the
+replies to my Query on this subject that have been published, it is
+plain that in all parts of England Dissenters have wished to procure the
+registry of their children's births or baptisms in their parish
+churches. In some instances they have been registered _as dissenting
+baptisms_; and then the fact appears from the Registry itself. In other
+instances, and probably far the more numerous (though this would be
+difficult to _prove_), they were registered among the canonical
+baptisms; and the fact of their being performed by Dissenting Ministers
+is only discoverable by reference to the Dissenting Register, when it
+happens to have been preserved. So in the instances referred to in p.
+370., the baptisms are registered without distinction from others in the
+Registry of St. Peter's Church, Chester; but a duplicate registry _as on
+the same day_ was made at Cross Lane Meeting House, which is, I believe,
+not in St. Peter's parish; though, I presume, the residence of the
+parents was in it.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Eisell_ (Vol. iii., pp. 66. 397.).--I am not aware that the following
+passage has been quoted by any of the disputants in the late "Eisell"
+controversy. It occurs in Jewel's _Controversy with Harding_, pp. 651-2.
+of vol. ii. of the Parker Society's edition of Jewel's works.
+
+  "A Christian man removeth his household, and, having there an
+  image of Christ, equal unto him in length, and breadth, and all
+  proportion, by forgetfulness leaveth it there in a secret place
+  behind him. A Jew after him inhabiteth the same house a long
+  while, and seeth it not; another strange Jew, sitting there at
+  dinner, immediately espieth it standing open against a wall....
+  Afterward the priests and rulers of the Jews come together, and
+  abuse it with all villany. They crown it with a thorn, make it
+  drink _esel_ and gall, and stick it to the heart with a spear. Out
+  issueth blood in great quantity, the powers of Heaven are shaken;
+  the sun is darkened; the moon loseth her light."
+
+    CUDYN GWYN.
+
+_English Sapphics_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--A beautiful specimen of this
+measure, far superior in rhythm to the attempt of Dr. Watts, appeared in
+the _Youth's Magazine_ twenty-five years ago. It consisted of the Psalm
+"By the Waters of Babylon." I remember the last verse only.
+
+      "Dumb be my tuneful eloquence, if ever
+      Strange echoes answer to a song of Zion;
+      Blasted this right hand, if I should forget thee,
+                              Land of my fathers."
+    H. E. H.
+
+_Mints at Norwich--Joseph Nobbs_ (Vol. iii., p. 447.).--I beg to inform
+Cowgill that the operation of the Mint of the Great Recoinage of 1696-7
+was performed in a room at St. Andrew's Hall, in this city; but the
+amount there coined, or at any of the other places mentioned, I am not
+able to inform him. The total amount said to be recoined was
+6,882,908_l._ 19_s._ 7_d._
+
+                                    £          _s._   _d._
+
+      The amount at the Tower    5,091,121       7     7
+
+      And in the Country Mints   1,791,787      12     0
+
+                                --------------------------
+
+                                £6,882,908      19     7
+
+The following are the names of persons employed in the Mint at
+Norwich:--
+
+  Francis Gardener, Esq., Treasurer.
+
+  Thomas Moore, Gent., Warder; Thomas Allen, his clerk.
+
+  Anthony Redhead, Gent., Master Worker; Mr. Beaser, his clerk.
+
+  William Lamb, Comptroller; Mr. Samuel Oliver, his clerk.
+
+  Heneage Price, Gent., King's clerk.
+
+  Mr. Rapier, Weigher and Teller.
+
+  Henry Yaxley, Surveyor of the Meltings.
+
+  Mr. John Young, Deputy Graver.
+
+  John Seabrook, Provost, and Master of the Moneyers.
+
+  Mr. Hartstongue, Assay Master, and his servant.--His brother,
+  Edger, and Lotterer of the Half-Crowns, Shillings, and Sixpences.
+  It is said crowns were not struck here, and I have never seen one
+  of this Mint.
+
+The whole of the work was finished here, September 29, 1698.
+
+In pulling up the floor of an old house, in Tombland, in 1847, a
+quantity of the silver coin minted here was discovered, which, from the
+appearance of the coins, were never in circulation: they were sold to
+Mr. Cooper, silversmith, in London Street, for about 20_l._ No doubt the
+coins were abstracted from the Mint during the process of coining.
+
+In the Register of Burials at St. Gregory's is the following entry, A.
+D. 1717:
+
+  "Joseph Nobbs, Parish Clerk of St. Gregory's, aged 89, was buried
+  November. 4, 1717, being the year following the last entry in his
+  Chronology. He was then 89 years of age, and, what is somewhat
+  remarkable, that is the age of the present Clerk of St.
+  Gregory's."
+
+    G. H. I.
+
+P. S. Some other matters relative to this Mint are among my memoranda.
+
+  Norwich, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Voltaire, where situated_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--Your correspondent V.
+is informed, that the following particulars on the subject of his Query
+are given in a note to the article "Voltaire," in Quérard's _France
+Littéraire_, vol. x. p. 276.:--
+
+  "Voltaire est le nom d'un petit bien de famille, qui appartenait à
+  la mère de l'auteur de la '_Henriade_,'--Marie Catherine Daumart,
+  d'une famille noble du Poitou."
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Meaning of Pilcher_ (Vol. iii., p. 476).--I must say I can see no
+difficulty at all about _pilcher_. If the _r_ at the end makes it so
+strange a word, leave that out, and then you will have a word, as it
+seems, quite well established--_pylche_, toga pellice: Lye. Skinner
+thinks _pilchard_ may be derived from it.
+
+"Pilch, an outer garment generally worn in cold weather, and made of
+skins of fur. 'Pelicium, a pylche.' (_Nominale MS._) The term is still
+retained in connected senses in our dialects. 'A piece of flannel, or
+other woollen, put under a child next the clout is, in Kent, called a
+_pilch_; a coarse shagged piece of rug laid over a saddle, for ease of a
+rider, is, in our midland parts, called a pilch.' (_MS. Lansd._ 1033.)
+'Warme pilche and warme shon.' (_MS. Digby_, 86.) 'In our old dramatists
+the term is applied to a buff or leather jerkin; and Shakspeare has
+_pilcher_ for the sheath of a sword." (Halliwell's _Dictionary_.)
+
+"_Pilche_, or _pilcher_, a scabbard, from _pylche_, a skin coat, Saxon.
+A pilche, or leather coat, seems to have been the common dress for a
+carman. Coles has 'a pilch for a saddle, instratum,' which explains that
+it was an external covering, and probably of leather. Kersey also calls
+it a covering for a saddle; but he likewise gives it the sense of 'a
+piece of flannel to be wrapt about a young child.' It seems, therefore,
+to have been used for any covering." (Nares' _Glossary_.)
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Catalogues of Coins of Canute_ (Vol. iii., p. 326.).--The following is
+a copy of the title-page of the work referred to by Βορεας:--_A
+Catalogue of the Coins of Canute, King of Denmark and England; with
+Specimens._ London: Printed by W. Bowyer and J. Nichols. 4to. 1777. It
+consists of twenty-four pages, and was compiled by Richard Gough, Esq.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+_Pontoppidan's Natural History of Norway_ (Vol. iii., p. 326.).--An
+interesting notice of this work occurs in the _Retrospective Review_,
+vol. xiii., pp. 181-213.; but neither in that article nor in any
+bibliographical or biographical dictionary is the name of the translator
+given.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+_The First Panorama_ (Vol. iii., p. 406.).--I have often heard my father
+say, that the first panorama exhibited was painted by Thomas Girtin, and
+was a semicircular view of London, from the top of the Albion Mills,
+near Blackfriars Bridge. It was exhibited in St. Martin's Lane, where,
+not many years back, I saw it, it having been found rolled up in a loft
+over a carpenter's shop. It was painted about 1793 or 1794, and my
+father has some of the original sketches.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark, June 2.
+
+_Written Sermons_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--If M. C. L. asks, when and why
+written sermons took the place of extemporaneous discourses, I believe
+it may be said that written sermons were first in vogue. Certainly, the
+inability of most men to preach "without book," would be sufficient to
+ensure their early introduction. According to Bingham (see _Ant. of the
+Christian Church_, book xiv. chap. 4.), Origen was the first who
+preached extemporaneously, and not until after he was sixty years old.
+The great divines of the time of the English Reformation preached both
+written and oral sermons: many of these, especially of the former, are
+included in their printed works. The same remark also applies to the
+early Fathers of the Church. The use of the homilies, which were drawn
+up for the ignorant clergy at the Reformation, at once gave a sanction
+to the practice of _writing_ sermons. The story of the preacher turning
+over his hour-glass at Paul's Cross, and starting afresh, must of course
+refer to an _unwritten_ discourse. Sermons, being explications of
+scripture, used to follow the reading of the psalms and lessons: now,
+for the same reason, they come after the epistle and gospel. In olden
+time, the bishop was the only preacher, going from church to church, as
+now-a-days[2], with the same sermon or charge; and he addressed the
+people from the altar steps: afterwards the priest, as his deputy,
+preached in the pulpit, but the deacons were not allowed to preach at
+all.
+
+  [Footnote 2: One of the highest dignitaries in our Church recently
+  declined to print a sermon, as requested; because, he frankly
+  said, he should want to preach it again.]
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Bogatsky_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--The little work, so justly popular in
+England, under the title of Bogatsky's _Golden Treasury_, is by no means
+a literal translation of the original; but was almost entirely
+re-written by Venn, the author of the _Complete Duty of Man_. This I
+state on good authority, as I believe; but I have never seen the
+original.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Under the title of a _Hand-Book of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy:
+First Course--Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Sound,
+Optics_, Dr. Lardner has just issued a small closely printed volume with
+the object of supplying that "information relating to physical and
+mechanical science, which is required by the medical and law student,
+the engineer and artisan, by those who are preparing for the
+universities, and, in short, by those who, having already entered upon
+the active pursuits of business, are still desirous to sustain and
+improve their knowledge of the general truths of physics, and of those
+laws by which the order and stability of the material world are
+maintained." The work, which is illustrated with upwards of four hundred
+woodcuts, is extremely well adapted for the object in question; and
+will, we have no doubt, obtain, as it deserves, a very extensive
+circulation among the various classes of readers for whose use it has
+been composed; and, in short, among all readers who desire to obtain a
+knowledge of the elements of physics without pursuing them through their
+mathematical consequences and details. The illustrations are generally
+of a popular character, and therefore the better calculated to impress
+upon the mind of the student the principles they are intended to
+explain.
+
+The new volume of Mr. Bohn's _Standard Library_ consists of the third of
+Mr. Torrey's translation of Dr. Neander's _General History of the
+Christian Religion and Church_. The period included in the present
+division of this important contribution to ecclesiastical history
+extends from the end of the Diocletian persecution to the time of
+Gregory the Great, or from the year 312 to 590. A translation of _The
+Fasti, Tristia, Pontic Epistles, Ibis and Halieuticon of Ovid_, with
+copious notes by Henry T. Riley, B.A., is the last addition made by Mr.
+Bohn to his _Classical Library_. Though these translations furnish very
+imperfect pictures of the manner and style of the original writers, they
+supply the mere English reader with a good general notion of their
+matter, especially when they are as copiously annotated as the work
+before us.
+
+We are informed that, in consequence of the great care and delicacy
+which is found to be required in the presswork of the _Lansdowne
+Shakspeare_, a beautiful volume, unique as a specimen of the art of
+typography, the publication will be unavoidably postponed for a few
+weeks.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Co. (3. Wellington Street, Strand) will commence, on
+Wednesday next, a seven days' sale of the valuable Library of the date
+Rev. Dr. Penrose, which is particularly rich in books illustrated with
+engravings.
+
+Books Received.--_Illustrations of Mediæval Costume in England, &c._,
+by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines: Part IV., illustrating what the editors
+call the "mediæval foppery" of Richard II. and his court.--_The
+Traveller's Library, No. IV._, _Sir Roger de Coverley, by "The
+Spectator," with Notes and Illustrations, by W. Henry Wills._ A
+delightful shilling's worth, well calculated to make the traveller a
+wiser and better man.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+WAAGEN'S TOUR IN ENGLAND.
+
+ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN FRANCE.
+
+ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN ITALY.
+
+BORLAND'S HISTORY OF THE COLONY OF DARIAN.
+
+ALBERT LUNEL, a Novel in 3 Vols.
+
+DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.
+
+ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vol. IV.
+
+DENS' THEOLOGIA MORALIS ET DOGMATICA. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.
+
+MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.
+
+ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.
+
+BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6_s._ per Vol. Pilgrims of the
+Rhine, Alice, and Zanoni.
+
+STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpy. Parts I., II. X. XI. and XXIX.
+
+KIRBY'S BRIDGEWATER TREATISE. 2 Vols.
+
+The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOPÆDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
+
+MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols.
+Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume _Eight_ wanted.
+
+L'ABBÉ DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo.
+Utrecht, 1713.
+
+AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols. 24mo. Published by
+Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.
+
+CAXTON'S REYNARD THE FOX (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.
+
+CRESPET, PERE. DEUX LIVRES DE LA HAINE DE SATAN ET DES MALINS ESPRITS
+CONTRE L'HOMME. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.
+
+CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, où l'on traite de la Nécessité, de
+l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des différentes Formes de la
+Souveraineté, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Télémaque. 2 Vols.
+12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.
+
+The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le
+Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo. Londres,
+1721.
+
+THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED, being a True and Tragical Account of the
+unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c.
+London, 1691. 12mo.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.
+
+JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.
+
+HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.
+
+RUSSELL'S EUROPE, from the Peace of Utrecht. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.
+
+CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.
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+Lond. 1755.
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+HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.
+
+HORACE-ORELLIUS. 2 Vols.
+
+D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III.
+
+WAAGEN'S WORKS OF ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.
+
+SMYTH'S (PROF. W.) LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY. 3rd Edit. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+1811.
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+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. Milman, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
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+    country."--_Literary Gazette._
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+    appears."--_Musical World._
+
+    "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+    Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+    appeared."--_John Bull._
+
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+  period from Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to 1485.
+
+  Lately published, price 28_s._
+
+  Volumes I. and II. of the same Work; from the Conquest to the end
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+
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+  which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously
+  unknown, corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge of
+  his subject as to conduct it successfully through all the
+  intricacies of a difficult investigation; and such taste and
+  judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the
+  dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his work
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+THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES; or, Select Specimens of Early and
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+GOTHIC ORNAMENTS: being a Series of Examples of Enriched Details and
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+nearly 50 of which illustrate the existing finely painted and gilt
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+
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+
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+Second Edition, 4to., having the plates of the Tesselated Pavements all
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+  ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE REMAINS OF ROMAN ART. By Professor Buckman,
+  F.L.S., F.G.S., and C. H. Newmarch, Esq.
+
+    "A work which will not only gratify the antiquary by its details,
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+
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+
+    "The field successfully explored by Professor Buckman and Mr.
+    Newmarch has produced a series, unique perhaps in Britain, of
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+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
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+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 28, 1851.
+
+
+
+
+  List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-III:
+
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1-15  | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17-32  | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33-48  | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49-64  | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65-79  | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81-96  | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |  1-15   | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  | 17-31   | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  | 33-47   | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  | 49-78   | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 | 81-95   | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 | 97-111  | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number
+87, June 28, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 28, 1851 ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 87,
+June 28, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 87, June 28, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 23, 2011 [EBook #37516]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 28, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in
+brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on
+top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. Original
+spelling varieties have not been standardized. A list of volumes and
+pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+NOTES and QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. III.--No. 87. SATURDAY, JUNE 28. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+      On the proposed Scheme for preserving a Record of Existing
+      Monuments                                                  513
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IX.: Astronomical Evidence
+      of True Date of Canterbury Pilgrimage                      515
+
+      Curious Epigrams on Oliver Cromwell, by J. Friswell        515
+
+      Folk Lore:--Popular Superstitions in Lancashire--Folk Lore
+      in Lancashire--Lancashire Customs--Od--Pigeons             516
+
+      Minor Notes:--Lord Nelson's Dress and Sword at
+      Trafalgar--Crucifix of Mary Queen of Scots--Jonah
+      and the Whale--Anachronisms of Painters                    517
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Minor Queries:--Rifles--Stanbridge Earls--Montchesni
+      or Muncey Family--Epitaph on Voltaire--Passage in
+      Coleridge's Table Talk--"Men may live Fools, but Fools
+      they cannot die"--Etymology of Bic�tre--Theobald
+      Anguilbert and Michael Scott--"Suum cuique tribuere," &c.  518
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Organs first put up in
+      Churches--Ignoramus, Comoedia, &c.--Drake's Historia
+      Anglo-Scotica                                              518
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Corpse passing makes a Right of Way, by C. H. Cooper       519
+
+      Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen, by J. B. Colman             520
+
+      Mosaic                                                     521
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Prenzie--Lady Flora Hastings'
+      Bequest--Arches of Pelaga--Engraved Warming-pans--St.
+      Pancras--Pallavicino and Count d'Olivarez--Mind your
+      P's and Q's--Banks Family--National Debts--Monte di
+      Piet�--Registry of Dissenting Baptisms--Eisell--English
+      Sapphics--Mints at Norwich--Joseph Nobbs--Voltaire,
+      where situated--Meaning of Pilcher--Catalogues of Coins
+      of Canute--Pontoppidan's Natural History of Norway--The
+      First Panorama--Written Sermons--Bogatsky                  522
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     526
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               527
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  527
+
+      Advertisements                                             527
+
+
+
+
+ON THE PROPOSED SCHEME FOR PRESERVING A RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS.
+
+
+  The following letters, which we have received since we last
+  brought the proposed scheme for preserving a record of existing
+  monuments under the notice of our readers, afford a striking proof
+  how widely the interest in the subject is extending.
+
+  We print them now, partly because the Number of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES" now in the reader's hands completes the present volume,
+  and it is desirable that the various communications upon this
+  point should, as far as possible, be found together; and partly
+  because the time is at hand when many of our readers may have the
+  opportunity, during their summer excursions, of following out the
+  plan described by our valued correspondent YORK HERALD in the
+  following letter:--
+
+References to this subject having appeared in your valuable miscellany,
+I am unwilling to lose an opportunity it affords me of throwing in my
+mite of contribution towards the means of preserving monumental
+inscriptions. It may be better perhaps, to state the humble method I
+adopt in attempting to rescue from oblivion those memorials of the dead,
+than to suggest any. I avail myself of occasions, whenever I visit the
+country, to take notes of monumental inscriptions in churches and other
+places of sepulture; generally of all within the walls of the sacred
+edifice, and those of the principal tombs in the surrounding graveyard.
+Time very often will not allow me to take _verbatim_ copies of
+inscriptions; so I merely transcribe faithfully every date, genealogical
+note, and prominent event recorded upon monuments; omitting all
+circumlocution and mere eulogistical epitaphs. By this means, much time
+and labour are saved, and much useful and valuable information is
+secured. I should prefer taking exact copies, or even drawings of the
+most remarkable monuments; but this would occupy much time, and narrow
+the means of collecting; and by which I should have lost much that is
+valuable and interesting; copies, howsoever much they would have been
+desirable, would not possess the character of legal evidence. Thus, upon
+mere incidental occasions, I have collected sepulchral memorials from
+many churches in various parts of the country; and, in some instances,
+all contained in the village church, and the adjacent burying-ground. I
+have frequently found also that preserving an account of the relative
+positions of gravestones is important; especially when groups of family
+memorials occur in the same locality. I need scarcely add that I
+preserve memoranda of all armorial insignia found upon tombs and
+hatchments, forming a collection of arms borne by various families; and
+whether they stand the test of authority or not, at all events such
+information is useful.
+
+What store of information might be obtained, by persons having leisure
+and inclination to pursue such an object, by the simple means of an
+ordinary pocket-memorandum-book!
+
+    Thomas William King.
+
+  Our next communication, from the Rev. Canon Raines, is valuable,
+  as showing that unless some limit is placed to the antiquarian
+  ardour of those who would "collect and record every existing
+  monumental inscription," the historical and genealogical inquirer
+  will be embarrassed by a mass of materials in which, like
+  Gratiano's reasons, the two grains of wheat will be hid in two
+  bushels of chaff--a mass, indeed, which, from its extent, would
+  require to be deposited with the Registrar-General, and arranged
+  by the practised hands of his official staff.
+
+MR. DUNKIN'S proposed record of existing monuments will be, if carried
+into effect, a very useful contribution to genealogists. Many years
+since I transcribed all the inscriptions _inside_ the parish church of
+Rochdale, in Lancashire; but I never contemplated the possibility of any
+antiquary having the ardour to undertake a similar _task outside_. There
+are many thousands of gravestones, covering some _acres_; and I have
+understood that when one side of a grave-stone has been covered with
+inscriptions, the stone has been turned upside down, and the sculptor
+has again commenced his endless work on the smooth surface. In a great
+majority of these frail records nothing would be obtained which the
+parish register could not supply.
+
+    F. R. RAINES.
+
+  Milnrow Parsonage, Rochdale, June 4.
+
+  Our correspondent from Bruges furnishes, like YORK HERALD,
+  valuable evidence as to what individual exertion may accomplish;
+  and we are sure, that if he will take the trouble of securing,
+  while he has the opportunity, a copy of the inscriptions in the
+  cemetery allotted to the English at Bruges, confining himself
+  merely to the names, dates, and genealogical information contained
+  in them, and will then deposit his collections either in the
+  Library of the Society of Antiquaries, or the Manuscript
+  Department of the British Museum, he will not only be setting a
+  good example to all antiquaries who may reside in any of the
+  cities of the Continent, but earn for himself hereafter the thanks
+  of many an anxious inquirer after genealogical truth.
+
+The communications made in your interesting "NOTES AND QUERIES" have
+occasioned me much gratification, and if it be in my power to contribute
+but a mite to this rich treasury of information, I should consider it a
+privilege to be allowed to do so. To show that I am actuated by a
+kindred spirit, permit me to inform you, that a few years ago I
+undertook the formation of a desultory collection of "memorials of the
+ancient dead," and with that view corresponded with several hundred
+clergymen, inviting their local assistance; and I need scarcely add that
+a prompt and courteous attention to my wishes, encouraged my labours,
+and accomplished (so far as time and opportunity permitted) my object.
+It will be obvious that I had no intention of aiming at specimens in the
+higher department of monumental art, which have been so ably executed by
+Gough, Stothard, Neale, and others, but to content myself with those
+humbler efforts of skill which lay neglected and sometimes buried in
+holes and corners in many a rural church in remote districts.
+
+The result has put me in possession of a collection of about three
+hundred illustrations, consisting of pen-and-ink outlines, pencil
+sketches, Indian ink drawings, and some more highly finished paintings
+in water colour; and in addition to these, upwards of two hundred
+autograph letters from clergymen, many of which contain not only
+inscriptions, but interesting parochial and topographical information.
+
+The illustrations I have arranged (as well as I am able) in centuries,
+commencing with the plain cope lid of the eleventh century, according to
+the plan adopted by M. H. Bloxam, Esq., in his admirable treatise
+modestly intitled _A Glimpse at the Monumental Architecture and
+Sculpture of Great Britain_. The volume made for their reception is an
+atlas-folio, guarded; on one leaf is inserted the drawing, on the other
+the letter (if any) which accompanied it, to which are added a few brief
+memoranda of my own: it is still, however, in an unfinished state.
+
+The book is a very cumbrous one, so that its transmission would be no
+very easy task; if, however, it should be thought desirable, and the
+practicability explained, I shall have much pleasure in placing its
+contents at the disposal of any one engaged in following out the plan
+proposed.
+
+Allow me to add that, about a mile distant from the quaint and
+interesting city from whence this "note" is dated (and in which I have
+resided for some time), we come to the cemetery, a portion of which is
+allotted to the interment of those English residents, or visitors, who
+may have terminated their earthly career at this place. Should a copy of
+the inscriptions in this receptacle (which are numerous) be acceptable,
+I will endeavour to procure one; but in this case I should be glad to
+know whether these extracts should be confined to names, dates, and
+genealogical information only, or include the various tributes of
+affection or of friendship, by which they are generally accompanied.
+
+    M. W. B.
+
+  Bruges.
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. IX.
+
+_The Astronomical Evidence of the True Date of the Canterbury
+Pilgrimage._
+
+As a conclusion to my investigation of this subject, I wish to place
+upon record the astronomical results on which I have relied in the
+course of my observations; in order that their correctness may be open
+to challenge, and that each reader may compare the actual phenomena,
+rigidly ascertained with all the helps that modern science affords, with
+the several approximations arrived at by Chaucer. And when it is
+recollected that some at least of the facts recorded by him must have
+been theoretical--incapable of the test of actual observation--it must
+be admitted that his near approach to truth is remarkable: not the less
+so that his ideas on some points were certainly erroneous; as, for
+example, his adoption, in the _Treatise on the Astrolabe_, of Ptolemy's
+determination of the obliquity of the ecliptic in preference to the more
+correct value assigned to it by the Arabians of the middle ages.
+
+Assuming that the true date intended by Chaucer was Saturday the 18th of
+April, 1388, the following particulars of that day are those which have
+reference to his description:--
+
+                                                            H.    M.
+
+      Right       { Of the Sun at noon -                     2 . 17�2
+      Ascension   { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.                  12 .  5�7
+                  { Of the star ([Greek: delta] Virginis)   12 . 25
+
+                                                             �    �
+      North       { Of the Sun at noon -                    13 . 47�5
+      Declination { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.                   4 . 49�8
+                  { Of the star ([Greek: delta] Virginis)    6 . 43�3
+
+                                             �    �
+
+                  { Of the Sun at 10 a. m.   45 . 15
+      Altitude    { Of the Sun at 4 p. m.    29 . 15
+                  { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.    4 . 53
+                  { Of the star at 4 p. m.    4 . 20
+
+      Azimuth -     Of the Sun at rising -  112 . 30
+
+                                                   H.  M.
+
+                  { Of the Sun at half Azimuth     9 . 17 a. m.
+                  { Of the Sun at altitude 45�     9 . 58 a. m.
+      Apparent    { Of the Sun at altitude 29�     4 .  2 p. m.
+      Time        { Of apparent entrance
+                  { of Moon's centre into Libra    3 . 45 p. m.
+
+It will be seen that, if the place here assigned to the moon be correct,
+Chaucer could not have described it more appropriately than by the
+phrase "In m�n� Libra:" providing (of which there can be little doubt)
+that he used those words as synonymous with "in hedde of Libra." "Hedde
+of Libra," "hedde of Aries," are expressions constantly used by him to
+describe the equinoctial points; and the analogy that exists between
+"head," in the sense head-land or promontory, as, for example, "Orme's
+Head," "Holyhead," "Lizard Head," and the like; and "menez" in the same
+sense, need not be further insisted upon. Evidence fully sufficient to
+justify a much less obvious inference has been already produced, and I
+am enabled to strengthen it still further by the following reference,
+for which I am indebted to a private communication from H. B. C.
+
+   "Menez, _s. m._ Grande masse de terre, ou de roche, fort �lev�e
+   au-dessus du sol de la terre.
+
+   "Mean, ou Maen, _s. m._ Pierre, corps dur et solide qui se forme
+   dans la terre.
+
+   "(En Treguier et Cornouailes), M�N�."
+
+   (Gonidec, _Dictionnaire Celto-Breton_.
+   Angoul�me, 1821.)
+
+This last reference is doubly valuable, in referring the word _m�n�_ to
+the very neighbourhood of the scene of Chaucer's "Frankleine's Tale,"
+and in dispensing with the terminal letter _z_, thereby giving us the
+_verbum ipsissimum_ used by Chaucer.
+
+I must not be understood as entertaining the opinion that Chaucer's
+knowledge of astronomy--although undoubtedly great, considering the age
+in which he lived and the nature of his pursuits--would have enabled him
+to determine the moon's true place, with such correctness, wholly from
+theory; on the contrary, I look upon it as more probably the result of
+real observation at the time named, and, as such, adding another link to
+the chain of presumptive evidence that renders it more probable that
+Chaucer wrote the prologues to his _Canterbury Tales_ more as a
+narration (_with some embellishments_) of events that really took place,
+than that they were altogether the work of his imagination.
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+  Leeds, June, 1851.
+
+
+CURIOUS EPIGRAMS ON OLIVER CROMWELL.
+
+Looking carefully over a curious copy of the _Flagellum, or the Life and
+Death, Birth and Buriall of O. Cromwell, the late Usurper_, printed for
+Randal Taylor, 1672, I found on the back of the title the following
+epigrams, written in a handwriting and ink corresponding to the date of
+the book (which, by the way, is a late edition of the "little brown
+lying book," by Heath, which Carlyle notices): as they are curious and
+worth preserving, and I believe not to be met with elsewhere, I presume
+they may be of some interest to your readers. The book is also full of
+MS. marginal notes and remarks, evidently by some red-hot royalist,
+which are also curious in themselves, and with a selection of which I
+may some day trouble you should you wish it.
+
+  _Under Gen. Cromwell's Picture, hung up in the Royal Exchange,
+  these Lines were written._
+
+      "Ascend ye Throne Greate Captaine and Divine
+      By th' will of God, oh Lyon, for they'r thine;
+      Come priest of God, bring oyle, bring Robes, bring Golde,
+      Bring crowns, bring scepters, 'tis high time t' unfold
+      Yor cloyster'd Buggs, yor State cheates, Lifte ye Rod
+      Of Steele, of Iron, of the King of God,--
+      Pay all in wrath with interest. Kneeling pray
+      To Olivr Torch of Syon, Starr of Day.
+      Shoute then you Townds and Cyties, loudly Sing,
+      And all bare-headed cry, God save ye King!"
+
+  _The Repartee, unto this Blasphemie._
+
+      "Descende thou great Usurper from ye throne,
+      Thou, throughe thy pride, tooke what was not thine owne;
+      A Rope did better fitte thee than a Crowne,
+      Come Carnifex, and put ye Traytor downe,
+      For crownes and sceptres, and such sacred things
+      Doe not belong to Traytors, but to Kings;
+      Let therefoe all true Loyall subjects sing,
+      Vive le Roy! Long Live! God bless ye King!"
+
+In regard to the little controversy which I started regarding Bunyan's
+claim to be author of the _Visions of Heaven and Hell_, I hope soon to
+decide it, as I am on the scent of a copy of, I believe, a first
+edition, which does not claim him for author.
+
+    JAMES FRISWELL.
+
+  12. Brooke Street, Holborn.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Popular Superstitions in Lancashire._--That a man must never "go a
+courting" on a Friday. If an unlucky fellow is caught with his lady-love
+on that day, he is followed home by a band of musicians playing on
+pokers, tongs, pan-lids, &c., unless he can rid himself of his
+tormentors by giving them money to drink with.
+
+That hooping-cough will never be taken by any child which has ridden
+upon a bear. While bear baiting was in fashion, great part of the
+owner's profits arose from the money given by parents whose children had
+had a ride. The writer knows of cases in which the charm is said
+certainly to have been effectual.
+
+That hooping-cough may be cured by tying a hairy caterpillar in a small
+bag round the child's neck, and as the caterpillar dies the cough goes.
+
+That Good Friday is the best day of all the year to begin weaning
+children, which ought if possible to be put off till that day; and a
+strong hope is sometimes entertained that a very cross child will "be
+better" after it has been christened.
+
+That May cats are unlucky, and will suck the breath of children.
+
+That crickets are lucky about a house, and will do no harm to those who
+use them well; but that they eat holes in the worsted stockings of such
+members of the family as kill them. I was assured of this on the
+experience of a respectable farmer's family.
+
+The belief in ghosts, or bogards, as they are termed, is universal.
+
+In my neighbourhood I hardly know a dell where a running stream crosses
+a road by a small bridge or stone plat, where there is not frectnin
+(frightening) to be expected. Wells, ponds, gates, &c., have often this
+bad repute. I have heard of a calf with eyes like a saucer, a woman
+without a head, a white greyhound, a column of white foam like a large
+sugar-loaf in the midst of a pond, a group of little cats, &c., &c., as
+the shape of the bogard, and sometimes a lady who jumped behind hapless
+passengers on horseback. It is supposed that a Romish priest can lay
+them, and that it is best to cheat them to consent to being laid while
+hollies are green. Hollies being evergreens, the ghosts can reappear no
+more.
+
+    P. P.
+
+_Folk Lore in Lancashire_ (Vol. iii., p. 55.).--Most of, if not all the
+instances mentioned under this head by Mr. Wilkinson are, as might be
+expected, current also in the adjacent district of the West Riding of
+Yorkshire; and, by his leave, I will add a few more, which are familiar
+to me:
+
+1. If a cock near the door crows with his face towards it, it is a sure
+prediction of the arrival of a stranger.
+
+2. If the cat frisks about the house in an unusually lively manner,
+windy or stormy weather is approaching.
+
+3. If a dog howls under a window at night, a death will shortly happen
+in that house.
+
+4. If a _female_ be the first to enter a house on Christmas or New
+Year's day, she brings ill luck to that house for the coming year.
+
+5. For hooping-cough, pass the child nine times over the back and under
+the belly of an ass. (This ceremony I once witnessed, but cannot vouch
+for its having had the desired effect.)
+
+6. For warts, rub them with a cinder, and this tied up in paper and
+dropped where four roads meet, will transfer the warts to whoever opens
+the packet.
+
+    J. EASTWOOD.
+
+  Ecclesfield.
+
+_Lancashire Customs._--The curfew is continued in many of the villages,
+and until the last ten or fifteen years it was usual at a Roman Catholic
+funeral to ring a merry peal on the bells as soon as the interment was
+over. The Roman Catholics seem now to have discontinued this practice.
+
+Carol singing and hand-bell ringing prevail at Christmas, and troops of
+men and children calling themselves _pace eggers_, go about in Passion
+Week, and especially Good Friday, as mummers in the south of England do
+at Christmas. Large tallow candles may often be seen decorated with
+evergreens, hanging up in the houses of the poor at Christmas time.
+
+    P. P.
+
+_Od._--One of the experiments by which the existence of this agency is
+tested, consists in attaching a horsehair to the first joint of the
+forefinger, and suspending to it a smooth gold ring. When the elbow is
+rested on the table, and the finger held in a horizontal position, the
+ring begins to oscillate in the plane of the direction of the finger;
+but if a female takes hold of the left hand of the person thus
+experimenting, the ring begins forthwith to oscillate in a plane at
+right angles to that of its former direction. I have never tried the
+experiment, for the simple reason that I have not been able to prevail
+upon any married lady of my acquaintance to lend me her wedding-ring for
+the purpose; and even if I had found it come true, I should still doubt
+whether the motion were not owing to the pulsations of the finger veins;
+but whatever be the cause, the fact is not new. My father recently told
+me, that in his boyhood he had often seen it tried as a charm. For this
+purpose it is essential, as may be supposed, that the ring be a
+wedding-ring, and of course the lady towards whom it oscillates is set
+down as the future spouse of the gentleman experimenting.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+_Pigeons._--The popular belief, that a person cannot die with his head
+resting on a pillow containing pigeons' feathers, is well known; but the
+following will probably be as new to many of your readers as it was to
+myself. On applying the other day to a highly respectable farmer's wife
+to know if she had any pigeons ready to eat, as a sick person had
+expressed a longing for one, she said, "Ah! poor fellow! is he so far
+gone? A pigeon is generally almost the last thing they want; I have
+supplied many a one for the like purpose."
+
+    J. EASTWOOD.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Lord Nelson's Dress and Sword at Trafalgar._--Perhaps you may think it
+worth while to preserve a note written by the late Rev. Dr. Scott on the
+498th page of the second volume of Harrison's _Life of Lord Nelson_, in
+contradiction of a bombastic description therein given of the admiral's
+dress and appearance at the battle of Trafalgar.
+
+  "This is wrong, he wore the same coat he did the day before; nor
+  was there the smallest alteration in his dress whatsoever from
+  other days. In this action he had not his sword with him on deck,
+  which in other actions he had always carried.--_A. J. Scott._"
+
+Dr. Scott was the chaplain and friend in whose arms Lord Nelson died.
+
+When the late Sir N. Harris Nicolas was engaged in a controversy in _The
+Times_, respecting the sale of Lord Nelson's sword, I sent him a copy of
+the above note, and told him I had heard Dr. Scott say that "the sword
+was left hanging in the admiral's cabin." It was not found necessary to
+make use of this testimony, as the dispute had subsided.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Crucifix of Mary Queen of Scots._--The crucifix that belonged to this
+unfortunate queen, and which she is said to have held in her hands on
+the scaffold, is still preserved with great care by its present owners
+(a titled family in the neighbourhood of Winchester), and at whose seat
+I have frequently seen it. If I mistake not, the figure of our Saviour
+is of ivory, and the cross of ebony.
+
+    THE WHITE ROSE.
+
+_Jonah and the Whale._--In No. 76., p. 275., Mr. Gallatly calls
+attention to the popular error in misquoting the expression from
+Genesis: "In the sweat of thy face," &c. There is another popular error
+which may not be known to some of your correspondents: it is generally
+supposed that Jonah is recorded in the book bearing his name as having
+been swallowed by a _whale_,--this is quite an error. The expressions is
+"a great fish," and no such word as _whale_ occurs in the entire "Book
+of Jonah."
+
+    E. J. K.
+
+_Anachronisms of Painters._--I send you a further addition to the
+"Anachronisms of Painters," mentioned in Vol. iii., p. 369., and, like
+them, not in D'Israeli's list.
+
+My father (R. Robinson, of the Heath House, Wombourne) has in his
+collection a picture by Steenwyk, of the "Woman taken in Adultery," in
+which our Lord is made to write in _Dutch_! The scene also takes place
+in a church of the architecture of the thirteenth century!
+
+    G. T. R.
+
+  Wombourne, near Wolverhampton.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Rifles._--"_We_ make the best rifles, and you follow us," said the
+exhibitor of Colt's revolvers, in my hearing, with a most satisfied
+assurance, in a way "particularly communicative and easy," as _The
+Times_ of the 9th of June says of his general manner. I am always
+desirous of information, but desire the highest authority and evidence
+before I believe. I would therefore ask the opinion of all experienced
+sportsmen, such as Mr. Gordon Cumming, or of travelled officers of our
+Rifle Brigade. I may say, that if the above unqualified remark came from
+the mouth of an English maker, I should be equally incredulous. Is there
+any use for which an American rifle is to be preferred to an English
+one?
+
+    A. C.
+
+_Stanbridge or Standbridge Earls._--Can any of your correspondents give
+me any information respecting Stanbridge or Standbridge Earls, near
+Romsey, Hants? There are the remains of a palace of the Saxon kings
+still there, many parts of which are in good preservation, the chapel
+being now used as the kitchen of Stanbridge House?
+
+I have also read that one of the kings was buried in this chapel, and
+afterwards removed to Winchester; but, having no note of the book,
+should be glad to be referred to it.
+
+    COLLY WOBBLES.
+
+_Montchesni, or Muncey Family._--Can any of your correspondents inform
+us what has become of the Norman line of Montchesni, or Muncey, a family
+which, like those of Maldebauge and De Loges, held baronial rank in
+England for several generations after the Conquest, though it is now
+forgotten?
+
+    P.
+
+_Epitaph on Voltaire._--The late Sir F. Jeffrey, in a review of the
+correspondence of Baron de Grimm, quotes an epitaph on Voltaire, which
+he states to have been made by a lady of Lausanne:
+
+      "Ci g�t l'enfant gat� du monde qu'il gata."
+
+Has the name of this lady been ascertained?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Passage in Coleridge's Table Talk._--In _Specimens of Coleridge's Table
+Talk_ (p. 165., Murray, 1851) appears the following:--
+
+  "So little did the early bishops and preachers think their
+  Christian faith wrapped up in, and solely to be learned from, the
+  New Testament, that I remember a letter from ----[1] to a friend
+  of his, a bishop in the East, in which he most evidently speaks of
+  the _Christian_ scriptures as of works of which the bishop knew
+  little or nothing."
+
+  [Footnote 1: "I have lost the name which Mr. Coleridge
+  mentioned."--_Editor's Note._]
+
+My object is to know how this blank is to be filled up--probably by the
+name of some well-known father of the Church.
+
+    GEORGE LEWES.
+
+  Oxford, May 28.
+
+_"Men may live fools, but fools they cannot die."_--These words are
+given in Young's _Night Thoughts_ as a quotation. Can any of your
+correspondents inform me whence they are taken?
+
+    E. J. K.
+
+_Etymology of Bic�tre._--In a work entitled _Description routi�re et
+g�ographique de l'Empire Fran�ais_, by R. V., Paris, 1813, the following
+notice of Bic�tre occurs in vol. i. p. 84.:--
+
+  "On voit bient�t, � peu de distance � droite, d'abord dans un
+  bas-fond, arros� par la petite rivi�re de Bi�vre ou des Gobelins,
+  le village de Gentilly, qui se vante de quelqu'anciennet�, et d'un
+  Concile tenu en 767; ensuite, sur une �minence, au bout d'une
+  jolie avenue en berceau, l'h�pital de Bic�tre, qui, fond� en 1290
+  par un Ev�que de Paris, appartint depuis, dit-on, � un Ev�que de
+  Wincester ou Wincestre, d'o� par corruption on a fait Bic�tre.
+
+  "C'est une chose assez piquante que cette �tymologie anglaise. Les
+  auteurs qui nous l'apprennent eussent bien d� nous en apprendre
+  aussi les circonstances. J'ai consult� � cet �gard tout ce qui
+  �tait � consulter, sans faire d'autre d�couverte que quelques
+  contradictions dans les dates, et sans pouvoir offrir aucun
+  �claircissement historique � mes lecteurs, aussi curieux que moi,
+  sans doute, de savoir comment un pr�lat anglais est venu donner le
+  nom de son �v�ch� � un ch�teau de France."
+
+Is there any warrant in English history for this derivation of Bic�tre;
+and if so, who was the Bishop of Winchester that gave the name of his
+diocese to that celebrated hospital?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, June, 1851.
+
+_Theobald Anguilbert and Michael Scott._--M. Barbier, in his
+_Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes_, says that Michael
+Scott is a pseudonyme for Theobald Anguilbert, and ascribes the _Mensa
+philosophica_ to the latter as the real author. Can any one tell me who
+is Theobald Anguilbert, for I can find no account of him anywhere? and
+if there ever was such a person, whether _all_ the writings bearing the
+name of Michael Scott, who, by all accounts, appears to have been a real
+person, are to be assigned to the said Anguilbert?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+_"Suum cuique tribuere," &c._--Can any of your readers tell me where the
+following passage is to be found?
+
+  "Suum cuique tribuere, ea demum summa justitia est."
+
+All persons of whom I have inquired, tell me it is from Cicero, but no
+one can inform me _where_ it is to be found.
+
+    M. D.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Organs first put up in Churches._--In the parish register of Buxted, in
+Sussex, allusion is made to the time when the organs were put up in the
+church, but which had been taken down. This entry was made in the year
+1558. Any information as to the earliest period when organs were placed
+in our churches will much oblige.
+
+    R. W. B.
+
+  [Our correspondent will find some interesting matter on the early
+  use of organs in churches in the Rev. F. D. Wackerbath's _Music
+  and the Anglo-Saxons_, pp. 6-24. London. 8vo. 1837.]
+
+_Ignoramus, Comoedia, &c._--Perhaps some of your correspondents can
+enlighten me on the following points.
+
+1. Who was the author of this play? The Latin is sufficiently
+ultra-canine for his pedantic majesty himself.
+
+2. Do the words "coram Regia Maiestate _Jacobi, Regis Angli�_," &c.,
+mean that the play was acted in the presence of the king? I am inclined
+to give them that interpretation from some allusions at the end of the
+last act, as well as from its being written in Latin.
+
+3. Are any of the race-courses therein mentioned still used as such?
+
+  "In Stadio Roystoniensi, Brackliensi, Gatterliensi, Coddington."
+
+This is the earliest mention of _fixed_ English race-courses that I have
+met with, and not being much versed in the secrets of the modern
+"cespite vivo," I am obliged to inquire of those who are better informed
+on that subject.
+
+    F. J.
+
+  [The author of _Ignoramus_ was George Ruggles, A. M., of Clare
+  Hall, Cambridge. This comedy, as well as that of _Albumazar_, were
+  both acted before King James I. and the Prince of Wales, during a
+  visit to Cambridge in March, 1614-15. The edition of _Ignoramus_,
+  edited by J. S. Hawkins, 8vo., 1787, contains a Life of Ruggles,
+  and a valuable Glossary to his "ultra-canine Latin" legal terms.
+  There is also a translation of this comedy, with the following
+  title: "_Ignoramus: a Comedy as it was several times acted with
+  extraordinary applause before the Majesty of King James._ With a
+  Supplement, which (out of respect to the Students of the Common
+  Law) was hitherto wanting. Written in Latine by R. Ruggles,
+  sometime Master of Arts in Clare Hall, in Cambridge, and
+  translated into English by R. C. [Robert Codrington, A. M.] of
+  Magdalen Colledge, in Oxford. London. 4to. 1662."]
+
+_Drake's Historia Anglo-Scotica._--Will any of your learned readers
+inform me, for what reason and by what authority Drake's _Historia
+Anglo-Scotica_, published in 1703, was ordered to be burned by the
+hangman? And where I can meet with a report of the proceedings relating
+to it?
+
+    FRA. MEWBURN.
+
+  Darlington.
+
+  [Dr. Drake was not the author, but merely the editor of _Historia
+  Anglo-Scotica_. In the dedication he says, "Upon a diligent
+  revisal, in order, if possible, to discover the name of the
+  author, and the age of his writing, he found that it was written
+  in, or at least not finished till, the time of Charles I." It is
+  singular, however, that he does not give the least intimation by
+  what mysterious influence the manuscript came to be wafted into
+  his library. It was ordered by the parliament of Scotland, on the
+  30th of June, 1703, to be burned by the common hangman.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+CORPSE PASSING MAKES A RIGHT WAY.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 477.)
+
+The fact of the passage of a funeral procession over land, from being an
+act of user of a very public character, must always have had some
+influence on the trial of the question whether the owner of the land had
+dedicated the same to the public; and it is not improbable that in early
+times very great weight was attached to evidence of this kind: so that
+the passage of a corpse across land came to be considered in the popular
+mind as conclusive and incontrovertible evidence of a public right of
+way over that land. With the reverence for the dead which is so pleasing
+a characteristic of modern refinement, it is probable that acts of user
+of this description would now have little weight, inasmuch as no man of
+right feeling would be disposed to interrupt parties assembled on so
+mournful and solemn an occasion. I recollect, however, having read a
+trial in modern times for a riot, arising out of a forcible attempt to
+carry a corpse over a field against the will of the landowner; the
+object of the parties in care of the corpse was believed to be the
+establishment of a public right of way over the field in question, the
+owner of which, with a body of partisans, forcibly resisted the attempt,
+on the apparent belief that the act of carrying a corpse across the
+field would certainly have established the right claimed. I regret I did
+not "make a Note" of the case, so as to be able to specify the time,
+place, and circumstances with certainty.
+
+That the notion in question is of great antiquity may I think be
+inferred from the following passage in _Prynne's Records_, iii. 213.,
+referring to Walter Bronescombe, Bishop of Exeter, 1258-1280 (and as the
+authority for which, Prynne cites Holinshed's _Chronicle_, 1303, 1304;
+and Godwin's _Catalogue of Bishops_, 326.):--
+
+  "He did by a Policy purchase the Lordship and House of Clift
+  Sachfeld, and enlarged the Barton thereof by gaining of Cornish
+  Wood from the Dean and Chapter fraudulently; building then a very
+  fair and sumptuous house there; he called it Bishop's Clift, and
+  left the same to his successors. Likewise he got the Patronage of
+  Clift Fomesone, now called Sowton, and annexed the same to his new
+  Lordship, which (as it was said) he procured by this means. He had
+  a Frier to be his Chaplain and Confessor, which died in his said
+  House of Clift, and should have been buried at the Parish Church
+  of Faringdon, because the said House was and is in that Parish;
+  but because the Parish Church was somewhat farre off, the wayes
+  foul, and the weather rainy, or for some other causes, the Bishop
+  commanded the corps to be carryed to the parish church of Sowton,
+  then called Clift Fomeson, which is very near, and bordereth upon
+  the Bishop's Lordship; the two Parishes being then divided by a
+  little Lake called Clift. At this time one Fomeson, a Gentleman,
+  was Lord and Patron of Clift Fomeson; and he, being advertised of
+  such a Burial towards in his Parish, and a leech way to be made
+  over to his Land, without his leave or consent required therein;
+  calleth his Tenants together, goeth to the Bridge over the lake
+  between the Bishop's Land and his; there meeteth the Bishop's men,
+  bringing the said Corps, and forbiddeth them to come over the
+  water. The men nothing regarding the Prohibition, do press
+  forwards to come over the water, and the others do withstand, so
+  long, that in the end, my Lord's Fryer is fallen into the Water.
+  The Bishop taketh this matter in such grief, that a holy Fryer, a
+  Religious man, his own Chaplain and Confessor, should be so
+  unreverently cast into the Water, that he falleth out with the
+  Gentleman, and upon what occasion I know not, he sueth him in the
+  Law (in his own Ecclesiastical Court, where he was both party and
+  Judge), and so vexeth and tormenteth him, that in the end he was
+  fain to yeeld himself to the Bishop's devotion, and seeketh all
+  the wayes he could to carry the Bishop's good will, which he could
+  not obtain, until for redemption he had given up and surrendered
+  his patronage of Sowton, with a piece of land; all which the said
+  Bishop annexed to his new Lordship."
+
+In "An Exhortation, to be spoken to such Parishes where they use their
+Perambulation in Rogation Week; for the Oversight of the Bounds and
+Limits of their Town," is a curious passage, which I subjoin:
+
+  "It is a shame to behold the insatiableness of some covetous
+  persons in their doings; that where their ancestors left of their
+  land a broad and sufficient bier-balk, to carry the corpse to the
+  Christian sepulture, how men pinch at such bier-balks, which by
+  long use and custom ought to be inviolably kept for that purpose;
+  and now they quite eat them up, and turn the dead body to be borne
+  farther about in the high streets; or else, if they leave any such
+  meer, it is too straight for two to walk on."--_Homilies_, ed.
+  Corrie, p. 499.
+
+It may perhaps be considered not quite irrelevant here to state that
+there seems once to have been an opinion, that the passage of the
+sovereign across land had the effect of making a highway thereon. The
+only allusion, however, to this opinion which I can call to mind, occurs
+in Peck's _Antiquarian Annals of Stanford_, lib. xi. s. xii.; an extract
+from which follows:--
+
+  "From Stanford King Edward, as I conceive, went to Huntingdon; for
+  in a letter of one of our kings dated at that town the 12th of
+  July (without any year or king's name to ascertain the time and
+  person it belongs to), the King writes to the aldermen and
+  bailiffs of Stanford, acquainting them, that, when he came to
+  Stanford, he went through Pilsgate field (coming then I suppose
+  from Peterborough), and, it being usual it seems that whatever way
+  the King rides to any place (though the same was no public way
+  before) for everybody else to claim the same liberty afterwards,
+  and thenceforth to call any such new passage the King's highway;
+  being followed to Huntingdon by divers of his own tenants,
+  inhabitants of Pilsgate, who then and there represented the damage
+  they should sustain by such a practice, the King by his letters
+  immediately commanded that his passing that way should not be made
+  a precedent for other people's so doing, but did utterly forbid
+  and discharge them therefrom. His letter, directed 'to our dearly
+  beloved the alderman, bailiffs, and good people of our Town of
+  Stanford,' upon this occasion, is thus worded:--'Dear and
+  well-beloved friends, by the grievous complaint of our beloved
+  lieges and tenents of the town of Pillesyate near our town of
+  Staunford, we have understood, that, in as much as, on Tuesday
+  last, we passed through the middle of a meadow and a certain
+  pasture there called Pillesyate meadow appertaining to the said
+  town of Pillesyate, you, and others of the country circumjacent,
+  claim to have and use an high way royal to pass through the middle
+  of the said meadow and pasture, to the great damage and disseisin
+  of our said lieges and tenents, whereupon they have supplicated
+  for a remedy; so we will, if it be so, and we command and charge
+  firmly, that you neither make nor use, nor suffer to be made nor
+  used by others of our said town of Staunford, nor others
+  whatsoever, no high road through the middle of the said meadow and
+  pasture; but that you forbear from it entirely, and that you cause
+  it to be openly proclaimed in our said town, that all others of
+  our said town and the country round it, do likewise; to the end
+  that our said tenents may have and peaceably enjoy the said meadow
+  and pasture, so, and in the manner, as they have done before these
+  times, without disturbance or impeachment of you or others, of
+  what estate or condition soever they be, notwithstanding that we
+  passed that way in manner as is said. And this in no manner fail
+  ye. Given under our signet at Huntyngdon the 12th day of July.'"
+
+I am unable to say whether the opinion it was the object of the above
+royal letter to refute was general, or was peculiar to the "good people"
+of Stanford, "and others of the country circumjacent."
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, June 18. 1851.
+
+
+DOZEN OF BREAD; BAKER'S DOZEN
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 298.; Vol iii., p. 153.).
+
+From the following extracts from two of the "Bury Wills" recently
+published by the Camden Society, it would appear that a dozen of bread
+always consisted of _twelve_ loaves; and that the term "Baker's dozen"
+arose from the practice of giving, in addition to the _twelve_ loaves, a
+further quantity as "_inbread_," in the same manner as it is (or until
+recently was) the custom to give an extra bushel of coals as "ingrain"
+upon the sale of a large quantity; a chaldron, I believe.
+
+Francis Pynner, of Bury, Gent., by will, dated April 26, 1639, gave to
+feoffees certain property upon trust (_inter alia_) out of the rents,
+upon the last Friday in every month in the year, to provide one twopenny
+loaf for each of forty poor people in Bury, to be distributed by the
+clerk, sexton, and beadle of St. Mary's parish, who were to have the
+"_inbread of the said bread_." And the testator also bequeathed certain
+other property to feoffees upon trust to employ the rents as follows
+(that is to say):--
+
+  "The yerely s[=u]me of ffiue pounds p'cell of the said yerely
+  rents to be bestowed in wheaten bread, to be made into _penny_
+  loaves, and upon eu'y Lord's day, called Sonday, throughout eu'y
+  yere of the said terme [40 years or thereabouts], _fowre_ and
+  _twenty_ loaves of the said bread, with the _inbread_ allowed by
+  the baker for those _twoe dosens_ of bread, to be timely brought
+  and sett vpon a forme towards the vpp' end of the chancell of the
+  said p'ish church of St. Marie, and ... the same _twoe dosens_ of
+  bread to be giuen and distributed ... to and amongst fowre and
+  twentie poore people ... the p'ish clarke and sexton of the said
+  church, and the beadle of the said p'ish of St. Marie for the time
+  then being, shall alwaies be three which from time to time shall
+  haue their shares and parts in the said bread. And they, the said
+  clarke, sexton, and bedell, shall alwaies haue the _inbread_ of
+  all the bread aforesaid ovr and besides their shares in the said
+  twoe dosens of bread from time to time----"
+
+And William Fiske, of Pakenham, Gent., by will, dated March 20, 1648,
+provided twelvepence a week to pay weekly for _one dozen_ of bread which
+his mind was, should "be weekly given vnto twelue _or thirteene_"
+persons therein referred to.
+
+    J. B. COLMAN.
+
+  Eye, June 16. 1851.
+
+
+MOSAIC.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 389.)
+
+Among the various kinds of picturesque representation, practised by the
+Greeks and Romans, and transmitted by them to after times, is that of
+_Mosaic_, a mode of execution which, in its durability of form, and
+permanency of colour, possesses distinguished advantages, being
+unaffected by heat or cold, drought or moisture, and perishing only with
+the building to which it has been originally attached. This art has been
+known in Rome since the days of the Republic. The severer rulers of that
+period forbade the introduction of foreign marbles, and the republican
+mosaics are all in black and white. Under the Empire the art was greatly
+improved, and not merely by the introduction of marbles of various
+colours, but by the invention of artificial stones, termed by the
+Italians _Smalti_, which can be made of every variety of tint. This art
+was never entirely lost. On the introduction of pictures into Christian
+temples, they were first made of _mosaic_: remaining specimens of them
+are rude, but profoundly interesting in an historical point of view.
+When art was restored in Italy, mosaic also was improved; but it
+attained its greatest perfection in the last and present century. _Roman
+mosaic, as now practised, may be described as being the production of
+pictures by connecting together numerous minute pieces of coloured
+marble or artificial stones. These are attached to a ground of copper,
+by means of a strong cement of gum mastic, and other materials, and are
+afterwards ground and polished, as a stone would be, to a perfectly
+level surface._ By this art not only are ornaments made on a small
+scale, but pictures of the largest size are copied. The most remarkable
+modern works are the copies which have been executed of some of the most
+important works of the great masters, for the altars in St. Peter's.
+These are, in every respect, perfect imitations of the originals; and
+when the originals, in spite of every care, must change and perish,
+these mosaics will still convey to distant ages a perfect idea of the
+triumphs of art achieved in the fifteenth century. _Twenty years_ were
+employed in making one of the copies I have mentioned. The pieces of
+mosaic vary in size from an eighth to a sixteenth of an inch, and eleven
+men were employed for that time on each picture. A great improvement was
+introduced into the art in 1775, by Signor Raffaeli, who thought of
+preparing the _smalti_ in what may be termed fine threads. _The pastes
+or smalti are manufactured at Venice, in the shape of crayons, or like
+sticks of sealing-wax, and are afterwards drawn out by the workman, by a
+blowpipe, into the thickness he requires, often almost to an hair, and
+are seldom thicker than the finest grass stalk._ For tables, and large
+articles, of course, the pieces are thicker; but the beauty of the
+workmanship, the soft gradation of the tints, and the cost, depend upon
+the _minuteness_ of the pieces, and the skill displayed by the artist. A
+ruin, a group of flowers or figures, will employ a good artist about two
+months, when only two inches square; and a specimen of such a
+description costs from 5_l._ to 20_l._, according to the execution: a
+landscape, six inches by four, would require eighteen months, and would
+cost from 40_l._ to 50_l._ For a picture of P�stum, eight feet long by
+twenty inches broad, on which four men were occupied for three years,
+1000_l._ sterling was asked. The mosaic work of Florence differs
+entirely from Roman mosaic, being composed of stones inserted in
+comparatively large masses. It is called work in _pietra dura_; the
+stones used are all of a more or less precious nature. In old specimens,
+the most beautiful works are those in which the designs are of an
+arabesque character. The most remarkable specimen of this description of
+_pietra dura_, is an octagonal table, in the _Gubinetto di Baroccio_, in
+the Florence Gallery. It is valued at 20,000_l._ sterling, and was
+commenced in 1623 by Jacopo Detelli, from designs by Ligozzi. Twenty-two
+artists worked upon it without interruption till it was terminated, in
+the year 1649.
+
+One principal distinction between the ancient and modern mosaic is, I
+believe, that the former was arranged in _patterns_, the latter
+_coloured in shades_. I shall not take up your columns by dwelling on
+the ancient mosaic, which, as all know was in use among the Orientals,
+especially the Persians and Assyrians; and from the Easterns the Greeks
+received the art. In the Book of Esther, i. 6., we have an allusion to a
+mosaic pavement; and Schleusner understands the [Greek: Lithostr�ton] of
+St. John, xix. 13., to mean a sort of elevated mosaic pavement. Andrea
+Tafi, towards the close of the thirteenth century, is said to have
+revived this art in Italy, having learned it from a Greek named
+Apollonius, who worked at the church of St. Mark at Venice, and to have
+been the founder of the modern mosaic.
+
+Now for the derivation. The Lithostrata, or tesselated pavements of the
+Romans, being worked in a regular and mechanical manner, were called
+_opus musivum, opera qua ad amussim facta sunt_. Hence the Italian
+_musaico_, from whence is derived our appellation of _mosaic_; but, like
+most of our arts, through the channel of the French _mosa�que_. (Vide
+Pitisci _Lexicon_, ii. 242.; Roscoe's _Life of Lorenzo de Medici_;
+Winkelman; _Pompeiana_, by Gell; Smith's _Greek and Roman Antiq._;
+Beckman's _Inventions_; and _R�cherches sur la Peinture en Mosa�que chez
+les Anciens_, &c., annexed to his _Description d'un Pav� en Mosa�que_,
+&c.: Paris, 1802.)
+
+    GERONIMO.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Prenzie_ (Vol. iii., p. 401.)--Several words have been suggested to
+take the place of the unintelligible "_prenzie_" in _Measure for
+Measure_; but none of them appear to me to satisfy all the four
+conditions justly required by Leges.
+
+I would suggest _phrensied_ or _phrenzied_, a word extremely like
+_prenzie_ both in sound and appearance, and of the proper metre, thus
+perfectly satisfying two of the conditions.
+
+With respect to the propriety of using this word in the two instances
+where _prenzie_ occurs, Claudio, in the first place, when informed by
+his sister of the villany of Angelo, may well exclaim in astonishment--
+
+      "The _phrenzied_ Angelo?"
+
+_i.e._ "What, is he mad?" or, with a note of admiration, "Why, Angelo
+must be mad!" Then, I think, naturally follows Isabella's reply:--
+
+      "O 'tis the cunning livery of Hell,
+      The damned'st body to invest and cover
+      In _phrenzied_ guards!"
+
+that is, in the disguise or under the cloak of madness.
+
+Johnson defines Frenzy to be
+
+   "Madness; distraction of mind; alienation of understanding; any
+   violent passion approaching to madness."
+
+and surely Angelo's _violent passion_ for Isabella, and his
+determination to gratify it at all risks, may, properly be said to
+_approach to madness_.
+
+    W. G. M.
+
+There is a Scotch word so nearly resembling this, and at the same time
+so exactly answering to the sense which the passage in _Measure for
+Measure_ requires, that it may be worth while calling the attention of
+the Shakspearian commentators to it. In Allan Cunningham's Glossary to
+Burns, I find _Primsie_, which he defines to mean _demure_, _precise_.
+An old Scotch proverb is quoted, in which the word is used:
+
+      "A _primsie_ damsel makes a laidlae dame."
+
+The term is evidently connected with, or formed from, the English
+_prim_, which has the same sense. It seems this was formerly sometimes
+written _prin_. Halliwell cites from Fletcher's poems the lines--
+
+      "He looks as gaunt and prin, as he that spent
+      A tedious twelve years in an eager Lent."
+
+Now if from _prim_ be formed the secondary adjective _primsie_, so from
+_prin_ we get _prinsie_ or _prinzie_. But without resorting to the
+supposition of the existence of this latter word, it is evident that in
+_primzie_, which does or did exist, we have a word answering all the
+conditions laid down by Leges for determining the true reading, more
+nearly than any other that has been suggested.
+
+    CEBES.
+
+  [Dr. Jamieson, in his _Scottish Dictionary_, defines Primsie,
+  demure, precise, S. from E. _prim_.
+
+      "Poor Willie, wi' his bow-kail runt
+      Was brunt wi' primsie Mallie."
+
+      Burns, iii. 129.]
+
+_Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest_ (Vol. iii., p. 443.).--Were the beautiful
+lines entitled "Lady Flora's Bequest" in reality written by that
+lamented lady? They are not to be found in the volume of her Poems
+published after her death by her sister, the Marchioness of Bute; and
+they did appear in _The Christian Lady's Magazine_ for September, 1839,
+with the signature of Miss M. A. S. Barber appended to them.
+
+In the preceding Number of the same magazine there is a very touching
+account of Lady Flora, from the pen of its talented editress, who
+mentions the fact of Lady Flora having with her _dying hand_ "delivered
+to her fond brother a little Bible, the gift of her mother, requesting
+him to restore it to that beloved parent with the assurance that from
+the age of seven years, when she received it from her, it had been her
+best treasure; and, she added, her sole support under all her recent
+afflictions."
+
+If your correspondent Erza has never seen that obituary notice (Seeleys,
+publishers) I think she will be glad to meet with it.
+
+    L. H. K.
+
+_Arches of Pelaga_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.)--This term is in common use
+among sailors, meaning the Mediterranean Archipelago, and they may very
+often be heard saying--"When I was up the Arches."
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Engraved Warming-Pans_ (Vol. iii., pp. 84. 115.).--I beg to add to the
+lists of H. G. T., and E. B. Price.
+
+Some years ago I purchased one in Bradford, Wilts, and several at
+Bedwyn Magna in the same county. The Bradford one bears an heraldic
+nondescript animal with horns on its head and nose, and a coronet round
+its neck, surrounded by--
+
+      "The . Lord . reseve . us . into . His . kingdom . 1616."
+
+One of the Bedwyn ones bears a lion passant holding a scimitar, with the
+motto:
+
+      "Feare . God . and . obay . the . king . 161--."
+
+The last figure of the date is obliterated. Another has a shield bearing
+three tuns, surrounded by--
+
+      "The Vintners' arms."
+
+One in the possession of a farmer in the parish of Barton Turf, Norfolk,
+bears an eagle with a human head at its feet, surrounded by--
+
+      "The . Erl . of . Darbeyes . arms." 1660.
+
+    W. C. LUKIS.
+
+  Great Bedwyn, June, 1851.
+
+_St. Pancras_ (Vol. iii., pp. 285. 397.).--St. Pancras was a native of
+the province of Phrygia, the son of a nobleman of the name of Cledonius;
+who, when at the point of death, strongly recommended this his only son,
+together with his fortune, which was very great, to the care of his
+brother Dionysius, he being the only near relative in being, the mother
+having previously deceased.
+
+This trust Dionysius faithfully fulfilled, bringing up and loving his
+nephew as he would have done his own son; and when, three years after
+the death of Cledonius, he quitted his native country and proceeded to
+Rome, the youthful Pancras accompanied him. Upon reaching the imperial
+city, the uncle and nephew took up their residence in the same suburb
+where the Pope Marcellinus had fled for concealment from the persecution
+which had been raised against the Christians by the Emperors Diocletian
+and Maximianus. Here they had not been long resident before the fame of
+the great sanctity and virtue of Marcellinus reached their ears, and
+caused an ardent desire in both to see and converse with one so highly
+spoken of. A convenient opportunity was soon found, and in a short time
+both the uncle and nephew, renouncing their idolatry, became converted
+to the Christian faith.
+
+So strong was the effect produced upon them by this change, that the
+chief desire of both was to die for their religion; and, without waiting
+for the arrival of the officers who were continually searching for the
+hidden Christians, they voluntarily surrendered themselves to the
+ministers of justice.
+
+A few days after this event, however, Dionysius was called hence by a
+natural death.
+
+Diocletian, who is said to have been a friend of Cledonius, and moved
+perhaps by the youth and graceful appearance of Pancras, strove by
+flattery and caresses to induce him to do sacrifice to the heathen gods;
+to this proposition Pancras absolutely refused to consent, and
+reproached the Emperor for his weakness in believing to be gods, men,
+who, while on earth, had been remarkable for their vices. Diocletian,
+stung by these reproaches, commanded that the youth should be instantly
+beheaded, which sentence was immediately carried into execution. His
+death is said to have taken place on 12th May, 303; the martyr being
+then but fourteen years of age.
+
+The gate in Rome, rendered so remarkable lately as having been the chief
+point attacked by the French troops, was formerly called Porta Aurelia;
+but was subsequently named Porta Pancrazio, after this youthful
+sufferer.
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Pallavicino and Count d'Olivarez_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.)--Ferrante
+Pallavicino was descended from a noble family, seated in Placenza. He
+entered the monastery of Augustine Friars at Milan, where he became a
+regular canon of the Lateran congregation. He was a man of fine genius,
+and possessed great wit, but having employed it in writing several
+satirical pieces against Urban VIII. during the war between the
+Barberini and the Duke of Parma and Placenza, he became so detested at
+the court of Rome, that a price was set on his head. One Charles Morfu,
+a French villain, was bribed to ensnare him, and pretending to pass for
+his friend and pity his misfortunes, persuaded him to go to France,
+which he said would be much to his advantage. Pallavicino gave himself
+up entirely to the direction of this false friend, who conducted him
+over the bridge at Sorgues into the territory of Venaissin, where he was
+arrested by people suborned for that purpose, was carried to Avignon,
+thrown into a dungeon, from which he tried to make his escape, and in
+the year 1644, after a fourteen months' imprisonment, was beheaded in
+the flower of his age. He was the author of a number of small pieces,
+all of which are marked by the lively genius of the author. They were
+collected and published at Venice in 1655, and amongst them I found one
+entitled "La disgracia del Conte d'Olivarez," which, perhaps, may be the
+work Mr. Souley has in MS.
+
+For a more lengthy account of this unhappy and extraordinary man, I
+would refer Mr. Souley to the life prefixed to his collected works, and
+to that prefixed to a French translation of his _Divortio celeste_,
+printed at Amsterdam in 1696; and also to the preface to the English
+translation of that same very curious work, printed at London in 1718.
+
+    WILLIAM BROWN, JUN.
+
+_Mind your P's and Q's_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 357. 463.).--When I
+proposed this Query, I mentioned that I had heard one derivation of the
+phrase. As it is different from either of those which have been sent,
+it may, perhaps, be worth insertion. I was told by a printer that the
+phrase had originated among those of his craft, since young compositors
+experience great difficulty in discriminating between the types of the
+two letters.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+[A correspondent has kindly suggested a new version of this saying, and
+suggests that for the future our readers should be reminded to mind, not
+their P's and Q's, but their N's and Q's.]
+
+_Banks, Family of_ (Vol. iii., pp. 390. 458.).--In No. 81. R. C. H. H.
+asks if John Banks the philosopher was descended from Sir John Banks,
+Lord Chief Justice in Charles I.'s reign.
+
+As a grandson of the former, I take great interest in this, but am sorry
+to say that I can give no information at present on that branch of the
+subject. The philosopher's family were settled for some generations at
+Grange, near Keswick. I should be obliged if R. C. H. H. would
+communicate the name and publisher of the book on the Lakes which he
+quotes from, as I am exceedingly anxious to trace the genealogy.
+
+    BAY.
+
+  Liverpool, June 19. 1851.
+
+_National Debts_ (Vol. iii., p. 374.).--The following extract from _La
+Cronica di Giovanni Villani_, lib. xii. c. 35., appears to have some
+reference to the Query made by F. E. M.:
+
+  "E nel detto mese di Febbraio, 1344, per lo comune si fece ordine,
+  che qualunque cittadino dovesse avere dal comune per le prestanze
+  fatte al tempo de' venti della balia, come addieto facemmo
+  menzione, che si trovarono fiorini cinquecento-settantamila d'oro,
+  sanza il debito di Messer Mastino della Scala, ch' erano presso a
+  centomila fiorini d'oro, che si mettessono in uno registro
+  ordinatemente; e dare il comune ogni anno di provvisione e
+  usufrutto cinque per centinaio, dando ogni mese la paga per rata;
+  e diputossi a fornire il detto guiderdone parte alla gabella delle
+  parti, e parte ad altre gabelle, che montava l'anno da fiorini
+  venticinque mila d'oro, dov' erano assegnate le paghe di Messer
+  Mastino; e pagato lui, fossone assignati alla detta satisfazione;
+  il quale Messer Mastino fu pagato del mese di Dicembre per lo modo
+  che diremo innanzi. E cominciossi la paga della detta provvisione
+  del mese d'Ottobre 1345."
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Monte di Piet�_ (Vol. iii., p. 372.)--In reply to your correspondent W.
+B. H., requesting to be informed of the connexion between a "Piet�" and
+a "Monte di Piet�," it may be observed that there does not appear to be
+any necessary connexion between the two expressions. The term "a Piet�"
+is generally used to denote the figure of the dead Saviour attended by
+His Blessed Mother: for example, the celebrated one in St. Peter's at
+Rome. The word "Monte," besides its signification of "montagna,"
+expresses also "luogo publico ove si danno oi si pigliano denari ad
+interesse;" also "luogo publico altres� dove col pegno si prestano
+denari con piccolo interesse."
+
+"Piet�," in addition to its signification of "devozione," or "virt� per
+cui si ama ed onora Dia," &c., which would apply to the figure of the
+dead Saviour, expresses "compassione amorevole verso il suo simile."
+
+Monte di Piet� would therefore be a place where money was lent at
+interest, on such terms as were in unison with a kind and compassionate
+feeling towards our neighbour. This species of establishment was first
+commenced in Italy towards the end of the fifteenth century, by Il Beato
+Bernardino da Feltri, who carried his opposition to the Jews so far as
+to preach a crusade against them. The earliest Monte of which any record
+appears to exist was founded in the city of Padua in 1491; the effect of
+which was to cause the closing of twelve loan banks belonging to the
+Jews.
+
+From Italy they were shortly afterwards introduced into France.
+
+The first legal sanction given to these establishments was granted by
+Pope Leo X. in 1551.
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Registry of Dissenting Baptisms_ (Vol. iii., pp. 370. 460.).--From the
+replies to my Query on this subject that have been published, it is
+plain that in all parts of England Dissenters have wished to procure the
+registry of their children's births or baptisms in their parish
+churches. In some instances they have been registered _as dissenting
+baptisms_; and then the fact appears from the Registry itself. In other
+instances, and probably far the more numerous (though this would be
+difficult to _prove_), they were registered among the canonical
+baptisms; and the fact of their being performed by Dissenting Ministers
+is only discoverable by reference to the Dissenting Register, when it
+happens to have been preserved. So in the instances referred to in p.
+370., the baptisms are registered without distinction from others in the
+Registry of St. Peter's Church, Chester; but a duplicate registry _as on
+the same day_ was made at Cross Lane Meeting House, which is, I believe,
+not in St. Peter's parish; though, I presume, the residence of the
+parents was in it.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Eisell_ (Vol. iii., pp. 66. 397.).--I am not aware that the following
+passage has been quoted by any of the disputants in the late "Eisell"
+controversy. It occurs in Jewel's _Controversy with Harding_, pp. 651-2.
+of vol. ii. of the Parker Society's edition of Jewel's works.
+
+  "A Christian man removeth his household, and, having there an
+  image of Christ, equal unto him in length, and breadth, and all
+  proportion, by forgetfulness leaveth it there in a secret place
+  behind him. A Jew after him inhabiteth the same house a long
+  while, and seeth it not; another strange Jew, sitting there at
+  dinner, immediately espieth it standing open against a wall....
+  Afterward the priests and rulers of the Jews come together, and
+  abuse it with all villany. They crown it with a thorn, make it
+  drink _esel_ and gall, and stick it to the heart with a spear. Out
+  issueth blood in great quantity, the powers of Heaven are shaken;
+  the sun is darkened; the moon loseth her light."
+
+    CUDYN GWYN.
+
+_English Sapphics_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--A beautiful specimen of this
+measure, far superior in rhythm to the attempt of Dr. Watts, appeared in
+the _Youth's Magazine_ twenty-five years ago. It consisted of the Psalm
+"By the Waters of Babylon." I remember the last verse only.
+
+      "Dumb be my tuneful eloquence, if ever
+      Strange echoes answer to a song of Zion;
+      Blasted this right hand, if I should forget thee,
+                              Land of my fathers."
+    H. E. H.
+
+_Mints at Norwich--Joseph Nobbs_ (Vol. iii., p. 447.).--I beg to inform
+Cowgill that the operation of the Mint of the Great Recoinage of 1696-7
+was performed in a room at St. Andrew's Hall, in this city; but the
+amount there coined, or at any of the other places mentioned, I am not
+able to inform him. The total amount said to be recoined was
+6,882,908_l._ 19_s._ 7_d._
+
+                                    �          _s._   _d._
+
+      The amount at the Tower    5,091,121       7     7
+
+      And in the Country Mints   1,791,787      12     0
+
+                                --------------------------
+
+                                �6,882,908      19     7
+
+The following are the names of persons employed in the Mint at
+Norwich:--
+
+  Francis Gardener, Esq., Treasurer.
+
+  Thomas Moore, Gent., Warder; Thomas Allen, his clerk.
+
+  Anthony Redhead, Gent., Master Worker; Mr. Beaser, his clerk.
+
+  William Lamb, Comptroller; Mr. Samuel Oliver, his clerk.
+
+  Heneage Price, Gent., King's clerk.
+
+  Mr. Rapier, Weigher and Teller.
+
+  Henry Yaxley, Surveyor of the Meltings.
+
+  Mr. John Young, Deputy Graver.
+
+  John Seabrook, Provost, and Master of the Moneyers.
+
+  Mr. Hartstongue, Assay Master, and his servant.--His brother,
+  Edger, and Lotterer of the Half-Crowns, Shillings, and Sixpences.
+  It is said crowns were not struck here, and I have never seen one
+  of this Mint.
+
+The whole of the work was finished here, September 29, 1698.
+
+In pulling up the floor of an old house, in Tombland, in 1847, a
+quantity of the silver coin minted here was discovered, which, from the
+appearance of the coins, were never in circulation: they were sold to
+Mr. Cooper, silversmith, in London Street, for about 20_l._ No doubt the
+coins were abstracted from the Mint during the process of coining.
+
+In the Register of Burials at St. Gregory's is the following entry, A.
+D. 1717:
+
+  "Joseph Nobbs, Parish Clerk of St. Gregory's, aged 89, was buried
+  November. 4, 1717, being the year following the last entry in his
+  Chronology. He was then 89 years of age, and, what is somewhat
+  remarkable, that is the age of the present Clerk of St.
+  Gregory's."
+
+    G. H. I.
+
+P. S. Some other matters relative to this Mint are among my memoranda.
+
+  Norwich, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Voltaire, where situated_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--Your correspondent V.
+is informed, that the following particulars on the subject of his Query
+are given in a note to the article "Voltaire," in Qu�rard's _France
+Litt�raire_, vol. x. p. 276.:--
+
+  "Voltaire est le nom d'un petit bien de famille, qui appartenait �
+  la m�re de l'auteur de la '_Henriade_,'--Marie Catherine Daumart,
+  d'une famille noble du Poitou."
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Meaning of Pilcher_ (Vol. iii., p. 476).--I must say I can see no
+difficulty at all about _pilcher_. If the _r_ at the end makes it so
+strange a word, leave that out, and then you will have a word, as it
+seems, quite well established--_pylche_, toga pellice: Lye. Skinner
+thinks _pilchard_ may be derived from it.
+
+"Pilch, an outer garment generally worn in cold weather, and made of
+skins of fur. 'Pelicium, a pylche.' (_Nominale MS._) The term is still
+retained in connected senses in our dialects. 'A piece of flannel, or
+other woollen, put under a child next the clout is, in Kent, called a
+_pilch_; a coarse shagged piece of rug laid over a saddle, for ease of a
+rider, is, in our midland parts, called a pilch.' (_MS. Lansd._ 1033.)
+'Warme pilche and warme shon.' (_MS. Digby_, 86.) 'In our old dramatists
+the term is applied to a buff or leather jerkin; and Shakspeare has
+_pilcher_ for the sheath of a sword." (Halliwell's _Dictionary_.)
+
+"_Pilche_, or _pilcher_, a scabbard, from _pylche_, a skin coat, Saxon.
+A pilche, or leather coat, seems to have been the common dress for a
+carman. Coles has 'a pilch for a saddle, instratum,' which explains that
+it was an external covering, and probably of leather. Kersey also calls
+it a covering for a saddle; but he likewise gives it the sense of 'a
+piece of flannel to be wrapt about a young child.' It seems, therefore,
+to have been used for any covering." (Nares' _Glossary_.)
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Catalogues of Coins of Canute_ (Vol. iii., p. 326.).--The following is
+a copy of the title-page of the work referred to by [Greek: Boreas]:--_A
+Catalogue of the Coins of Canute, King of Denmark and England; with
+Specimens._ London: Printed by W. Bowyer and J. Nichols. 4to. 1777. It
+consists of twenty-four pages, and was compiled by Richard Gough, Esq.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+_Pontoppidan's Natural History of Norway_ (Vol. iii., p. 326.).--An
+interesting notice of this work occurs in the _Retrospective Review_,
+vol. xiii., pp. 181-213.; but neither in that article nor in any
+bibliographical or biographical dictionary is the name of the translator
+given.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+_The First Panorama_ (Vol. iii., p. 406.).--I have often heard my father
+say, that the first panorama exhibited was painted by Thomas Girtin, and
+was a semicircular view of London, from the top of the Albion Mills,
+near Blackfriars Bridge. It was exhibited in St. Martin's Lane, where,
+not many years back, I saw it, it having been found rolled up in a loft
+over a carpenter's shop. It was painted about 1793 or 1794, and my
+father has some of the original sketches.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark, June 2.
+
+_Written Sermons_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--If M. C. L. asks, when and why
+written sermons took the place of extemporaneous discourses, I believe
+it may be said that written sermons were first in vogue. Certainly, the
+inability of most men to preach "without book," would be sufficient to
+ensure their early introduction. According to Bingham (see _Ant. of the
+Christian Church_, book xiv. chap. 4.), Origen was the first who
+preached extemporaneously, and not until after he was sixty years old.
+The great divines of the time of the English Reformation preached both
+written and oral sermons: many of these, especially of the former, are
+included in their printed works. The same remark also applies to the
+early Fathers of the Church. The use of the homilies, which were drawn
+up for the ignorant clergy at the Reformation, at once gave a sanction
+to the practice of _writing_ sermons. The story of the preacher turning
+over his hour-glass at Paul's Cross, and starting afresh, must of course
+refer to an _unwritten_ discourse. Sermons, being explications of
+scripture, used to follow the reading of the psalms and lessons: now,
+for the same reason, they come after the epistle and gospel. In olden
+time, the bishop was the only preacher, going from church to church, as
+now-a-days[2], with the same sermon or charge; and he addressed the
+people from the altar steps: afterwards the priest, as his deputy,
+preached in the pulpit, but the deacons were not allowed to preach at
+all.
+
+  [Footnote 2: One of the highest dignitaries in our Church recently
+  declined to print a sermon, as requested; because, he frankly
+  said, he should want to preach it again.]
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Bogatsky_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--The little work, so justly popular in
+England, under the title of Bogatsky's _Golden Treasury_, is by no means
+a literal translation of the original; but was almost entirely
+re-written by Venn, the author of the _Complete Duty of Man_. This I
+state on good authority, as I believe; but I have never seen the
+original.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Under the title of a _Hand-Book of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy:
+First Course--Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Sound,
+Optics_, Dr. Lardner has just issued a small closely printed volume with
+the object of supplying that "information relating to physical and
+mechanical science, which is required by the medical and law student,
+the engineer and artisan, by those who are preparing for the
+universities, and, in short, by those who, having already entered upon
+the active pursuits of business, are still desirous to sustain and
+improve their knowledge of the general truths of physics, and of those
+laws by which the order and stability of the material world are
+maintained." The work, which is illustrated with upwards of four hundred
+woodcuts, is extremely well adapted for the object in question; and
+will, we have no doubt, obtain, as it deserves, a very extensive
+circulation among the various classes of readers for whose use it has
+been composed; and, in short, among all readers who desire to obtain a
+knowledge of the elements of physics without pursuing them through their
+mathematical consequences and details. The illustrations are generally
+of a popular character, and therefore the better calculated to impress
+upon the mind of the student the principles they are intended to
+explain.
+
+The new volume of Mr. Bohn's _Standard Library_ consists of the third of
+Mr. Torrey's translation of Dr. Neander's _General History of the
+Christian Religion and Church_. The period included in the present
+division of this important contribution to ecclesiastical history
+extends from the end of the Diocletian persecution to the time of
+Gregory the Great, or from the year 312 to 590. A translation of _The
+Fasti, Tristia, Pontic Epistles, Ibis and Halieuticon of Ovid_, with
+copious notes by Henry T. Riley, B.A., is the last addition made by Mr.
+Bohn to his _Classical Library_. Though these translations furnish very
+imperfect pictures of the manner and style of the original writers, they
+supply the mere English reader with a good general notion of their
+matter, especially when they are as copiously annotated as the work
+before us.
+
+We are informed that, in consequence of the great care and delicacy
+which is found to be required in the presswork of the _Lansdowne
+Shakspeare_, a beautiful volume, unique as a specimen of the art of
+typography, the publication will be unavoidably postponed for a few
+weeks.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Co. (3. Wellington Street, Strand) will commence, on
+Wednesday next, a seven days' sale of the valuable Library of the date
+Rev. Dr. Penrose, which is particularly rich in books illustrated with
+engravings.
+
+Books Received.--_Illustrations of Medi�val Costume in England, &c._,
+by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines: Part IV., illustrating what the editors
+call the "medi�val foppery" of Richard II. and his court.--_The
+Traveller's Library, No. IV._, _Sir Roger de Coverley, by "The
+Spectator," with Notes and Illustrations, by W. Henry Wills._ A
+delightful shilling's worth, well calculated to make the traveller a
+wiser and better man.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+WAAGEN'S TOUR IN ENGLAND.
+
+ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN FRANCE.
+
+ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN ITALY.
+
+BORLAND'S HISTORY OF THE COLONY OF DARIAN.
+
+ALBERT LUNEL, a Novel in 3 Vols.
+
+DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.
+
+ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vol. IV.
+
+DENS' THEOLOGIA MORALIS ET DOGMATICA. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.
+
+MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.
+
+ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.
+
+BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6_s._ per Vol. Pilgrims of the
+Rhine, Alice, and Zanoni.
+
+STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpy. Parts I., II. X. XI. and XXIX.
+
+KIRBY'S BRIDGEWATER TREATISE. 2 Vols.
+
+The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOP�DIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
+
+MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols.
+Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume _Eight_ wanted.
+
+L'ABB� DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo.
+Utrecht, 1713.
+
+AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols. 24mo. Published by
+Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.
+
+CAXTON'S REYNARD THE FOX (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.
+
+CRESPET, PERE. DEUX LIVRES DE LA HAINE DE SATAN ET DES MALINS ESPRITS
+CONTRE L'HOMME. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.
+
+CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, o� l'on traite de la N�cessit�, de
+l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des diff�rentes Formes de la
+Souverainet�, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de T�l�maque. 2 Vols.
+12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.
+
+The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le
+Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de F�n�lon," 12mo. Londres,
+1721.
+
+THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED, being a True and Tragical Account of the
+unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c.
+London, 1691. 12mo.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.
+
+JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.
+
+HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.
+
+RUSSELL'S EUROPE, from the Peace of Utrecht. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.
+
+CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.
+
+WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to.
+
+STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to.
+
+OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 To 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.
+
+COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. I. 12mo.
+Lond. 1755.
+
+HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.
+
+HORACE-ORELLIUS. 2 Vols.
+
+D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III.
+
+WAAGEN'S WORKS OF ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.
+
+SMYTH'S (PROF. W.) LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY. 3rd Edit. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+1811.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We this week conclude our Third Volume, and regret that want of space
+has compelled us to omit from the present Number the_ Rev. Dr. Todd's
+_Letter on the Edition of Ussher's Works;_ C. _on "The Lord Mayor of
+London not a Privy Councillor;" and many other communications of great
+interest; and we have to trust to the kindness of our Correspondents for
+omitting our usual acknowledgment of_ REPLIES RECEIVED.
+
+THE INDEX TO VOLUME THE THIRD _is ready for Press. It will be issued on
+Saturday the 12th, if not ready by next Saturday._
+
+_The commencement of a New Volume on Saturday next affords a favourable
+opportunity to gentlemen resident in the country to commence the work.
+The Subscription for the Stamped Edition of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _is ten
+shillings for six months, which may be paid by Post-Office Order, drawn
+in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_
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+towards increasing our circulation._
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had,
+price_ 9_s._ 6_d._ _each_.
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
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+
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+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR JULY
+
+  contains the following articles: 1. The Present State of English
+  Historical Literature: the Record Offices; 2. Bill for King
+  Charles's Pedestal at Charing Cross; 3. Anecdotes from the
+  Day-books of Dr. Henry Sampson; 4. The Infinity of Geometric
+  Design (with Engravings); 5. Christian Iconography, by J. G.
+  Walter: Principalities, Archangels, and Angels (with Engravings);
+  6. Companions of my Solitude; 7. Mr. P. Cunningham's Story of Nell
+  Gwyn, Chapter VII. (with Portraits of her two Sons); 8. Sussex
+  Arch�ology (with Engravings); 9. Horace Walpole and Mason; 10.
+  National Education; With Notes of the Month, Review of New
+  Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Societies, and
+  Obituary, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl
+  of Cottenham, Right Hon. R. L. Shiel, Rev. W. M. Kinsey, Mrs.
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+
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+Society; Author of "A Brief View of the English Drama," "A Variorum
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+  Chippenham, comprising 3,500 Volumes, including many Works of
+  great value. Among those remarkable for their rarity, &c., will be
+  found a fine copy of Purchas's Pilgrimes, 5 vols., 1625; Nuremburg
+  Chronicle, 1493; Dante, printed at Rome, 1487; Coverdale's Bible,
+  1539; Cranmer's Bible, 1585; Mus�e Fran�ais, 4 vols.; Chaucer's
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+  &c., &c.
+
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+
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+FOR EVERY CHILD IN THE KINGDOM.
+
+  On 1st July, 1851, Price 2_s._ 6_d._, an Enduring Record, full of
+  Interesting Details--Vivid Descriptions--Moral Sentiments--and
+  Beautiful Pictures, entitled
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+      LITTLE HENRY'S HOLIDAY
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+
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+  Course of "OBJECT LESSONS" from the Great Exhibition.--Volume II.
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+
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+London.
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+
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+  forfeiting the policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this
+  society only, as fully detailed in the prospectus.
+
+  A. Scratchley, M.A.,
+
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+
+  London: J. W. PARKER, West Strand.
+
+
+Nearly ready, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by
+Special Permission to
+
+  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. Milman, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
+  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
+  and a Concise System Of Chanting, by J. B. SALE. Musical
+  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
+  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. Sale, 21. Holywell
+  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
+  Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers
+  and Music Warehouses.
+
+    "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
+    our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+    "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+    country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+    merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+    appears."--_Musical World._
+
+    "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+    Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+    appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+  Also, lately published,
+
+  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._
+
+  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+
+Now ready, price 28_s._, cloth boards, Volumes III. and IV. of
+
+  THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND. By Edward Foss, F.S.A. Comprehending the
+  period from Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to 1485.
+
+  Lately published, price 28_s._
+
+  Volumes I. and II. of the same Work; from the Conquest to the end
+  of Henry III., 1066 to 1272.
+
+  "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is
+  treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in
+  which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously
+  unknown, corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge of
+  his subject as to conduct it successfully through all the
+  intricacies of a difficult investigation; and such taste and
+  judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the
+  dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his work
+  as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical
+  history."--_Gent. Mag._
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.
+
+
+In fcap. 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._, a Third Series of
+
+  PLAIN SERMONS, addressed to a Country Congregation. By the late
+  Rev. Edward Blencowe, Curate of Teversal, Notts, and formerly
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+
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+
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+  SECOND SERIES, price 7_s._ 6_d._ each.
+
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+    constructed, and there is an utter absence of all attempt at
+    rhetoric. The language is plain Saxon language, from which 'the
+    men on the wall' can easily gather what it most concerns them to
+    know."--_Theologian._
+
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+    Plain Sermons, addressed to a Country Congregation, similar in
+    character and texture to the two series which have preceded
+    it."--_Guardian._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES; or, Select Specimens of Early and
+Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the Purest Late Pointed
+Examples, illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By Henry
+Bowman and J. S. Crowther, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in
+Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, imperial folio. Price 9_s._,
+plain; 10_s._ 6_d._ tinted; proofs, large paper, 12_s._ each. Issued at
+intervals of Two months. Thirteen parts now published.
+
+    "We can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily
+    recommend the series to all who are able to patronize
+    it."--_Ecclesiologist._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+GOTHIC ORNAMENTS: being a Series of Examples of Enriched Details and
+Accessories of the Architecture of Great Britain. Drawn from existing
+Authorities. By James K. Colling, Architect. In 2 vols. royal 4to.,
+price 7_l._ 10_s._ in appropriate cloth binding, containing 209 plates,
+nearly 50 of which illustrate the existing finely painted and gilt
+decorations of the Cathedrals and Churches of the Middle Ages. The work
+may be also had in numbers, price 3_s_., or in parts, together or
+separately.
+
+    "The completion of this elaborate work affords us an opportunity
+    of doing justice to its great merits. It was necessary to the
+    appreciation of the characteristics and the beauties of Gothic
+    architecture, that some more extensive series of illustrations
+    should be given to the world. Until the appearance of this work,
+    that of Pugin was the only one of any importance and
+    accuracy."--_Architectural Quarterly Review._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+EXAMPLES OF ANTIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and drawn from
+Sketches and measurements taken on the Spot, with descriptive
+Letter-press. By Francis T. Dollman, Architect. Royal 4to., cloth, price
+2_l._ 2_s._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Second Edition, 4to., having the plates of the Tesselated Pavements all
+coloured, 25_s._, 8vo., plain, 15_s._
+
+  ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE REMAINS OF ROMAN ART. By Professor Buckman,
+  F.L.S., F.G.S., and C. H. Newmarch, Esq.
+
+    "A work which will not only gratify the antiquary by its details,
+    and the beauty and fidelity of its engravings, but enable the
+    general reader to picture to himself the social condition of
+    Corinium when garrisoned by Roman cohorts."--_Notes and Queries._
+
+    "A handsome book, of much research, where the various topics are
+    fully and carefully handled, in a conscientious spirit. There are
+    also well-executed fac-similes of the chief objects and mosaic
+    designs."--_Spectator._
+
+    "The field successfully explored by Professor Buckman and Mr.
+    Newmarch has produced a series, unique perhaps in Britain, of
+    those interesting decorations in mosaic work which so strikingly
+    evince, in this remote colony, the power of Roman art."--_Journal
+    of the Arch�ological Institute._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Just published, and may be had for the Postage, Six Stamps,
+
+  A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN ECCLESIASTICAL and MONASTIC HISTORY and
+  BIOGRAPHY, ANTIQUITIES, COUNCILS, &c., comprising the best works
+  on these subjects, and interspersed with general and secular
+  history, with a Classified Index.
+
+  C. J. STEWART, 11. King William Street, West Strand, London.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 28, 1851.
+
+
+
+
+  List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-III:
+
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1-15  | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17-32  | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33-48  | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49-64  | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65-79  | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81-96  | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |  1-15   | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  | 17-31   | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  | 33-47   | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  | 49-78   | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 | 81-95   | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 | 97-111  | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number
+87, June 28, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 28, 1851 ***
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 87,
+June 28, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 87, June 28, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 23, 2011 [EBook #37516]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 28, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<h1>
+<span id="idno">Vol. III.&mdash;No. 87.</span>
+
+<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span>
+
+<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span>
+<span id="id2"> FOR</span>
+<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span>
+</h1>
+
+<div class="center1">
+<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. III.&mdash;No. 87.</p>
+<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, J<span class="smcap lowercase">UNE</span> 28. 1851.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller">Price Threepence.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stamped Edition 4<i>d.</i></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+ <div class="toc">
+<p class="indh i5"> On the proposed Scheme for preserving a Record of Existing
+      Monuments      <a href="#monuments513">513</a></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:&mdash; </p>
+
+  <div class="toc">
+     <p class="indh i5">  Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IX.: Astronomical Evidence
+      of True Date of Canterbury Pilgrimage      <a href="#Bruges515">515</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5"> Curious Epigrams on Oliver Cromwell, by J. Friswell      <a href="#Bruges515">515</a></p>
+
+  <p class="indh i5"> Folk Lore:&mdash;Popular Superstitions in Lancashire&mdash;Folk lore
+      in Lancashire&mdash;Lancashire Customs&mdash;Od&mdash;Pigeons     <a href="#wish516"> 516</a></p>
+
+   <p class="indh i5"> Minor Notes:&mdash;Lord Nelson's Dress and Sword at
+      Trafalgar&mdash;Crucifix of Mary Queen of Scots&mdash;Jonah
+      and the Whale&mdash;Anachronisms of Painters     <a href="#calling517"> 517</a></p>
+  </div>
+
+
+<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+     <div class="toc">
+<p class="indh i5">  Minor Queries:&mdash;Rifles&mdash;Stanbridge Earls&mdash;Montchesni
+      or Muncey Family&mdash;Epitaph on Voltaire&mdash;Passage
+      in Coleridge's Table Talk&mdash;"Men may live
+      Fools, but Fools they cannot die"&mdash;Etymology of
+      Bic�tre&mdash;Theobald Anguilbert and Michael Scott&mdash;"Suum
+      cuique tribuere," &amp;c.      <a href="#Earls518">518</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>
+A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:&mdash;Organs first put up in
+      Churches&mdash;Ignoramus, Com&oelig;dia, &amp;c.&mdash;Drake's Historia
+      Anglo-Scotica      <a href="#Earls518">518</a></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger">  R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+   <div class="toc">
+<p class="indh i5">   Corpse passing makes a Right of Way, by C. H. Cooper      <a href="#majesty519">519</a></p>
+
+    <p class="indh i5">  Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen, by J. B. Colman      <a href="#forbiddeth520">520</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Mosaic      <a href="#loaves521">521</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Prenzie&mdash;Lady Flora
+      Hastings' Bequest&mdash;Arches of Pelaga&mdash;Engraved
+      Warming-pans&mdash;St. Pancras&mdash;Pallavicino and Count
+      d'Olivarez&mdash;Mind your P's and Q's&mdash;Banks Family&mdash;National
+      Debts&mdash;Monte di Piet�&mdash;Registry of Dissenting
+      Baptisms&mdash;Eisell&mdash;English Sapphics&mdash;Mints
+      at Norwich&mdash;Joseph Nobbs&mdash;Voltaire, where situated&mdash;Meaning
+      of Pilcher&mdash;Catalogues of Coins of Canute&mdash;Pontoppidan's
+      Natural History of Norway&mdash;The
+      First Panorama&mdash;Written Sermons&mdash;Bogatsky     <a href="#elevated522"> 522</a></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+      <div class="toc">
+<p class="indh i5"> Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.      <a href="#referred526">526</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5"> Books and Odd Volumes wanted     <a href="#illustrated527"> 527</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Notices to Correspondents     <a href="#illustrated527"> 527</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Advertisements      <a href="#illustrated527">527</a></p>
+<p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers
+ and pages" href="#pageslist1"  class="fnanchor">List of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a>
+<span class="pagenum">[513]</span><a id="monuments513"></a></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>ON THE PROPOSED SCHEME FOR PRESERVING A RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS.</span></h3>
+
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   The following letters, which we have received since we last
+   brought the proposed scheme for preserving a record of existing
+   monuments under the notice of our readers, afford a striking
+   proof how widely the interest in the subject is extending.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   We print them now, partly because the Number of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES
+AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" now in the reader's hands completes the present volume,
+   and it is desirable that the various communications upon this
+   point should, as far as possible, be found together; and partly
+   because the time is at hand when many of our readers may have the
+   opportunity, during their summer excursions, of following out the
+   plan described by our valued
+correspondent Y<span class="smcap lowercase">ORK</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ERALD</span> in the
+   following  letter:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<p>References to this subject having appeared in your valuable miscellany,
+I am unwilling to lose an opportunity it affords me of throwing in my
+mite of contribution towards the means of preserving monumental
+inscriptions. It may be better perhaps, to state the humble method I
+adopt in attempting to rescue from oblivion those memorials of the dead,
+than to suggest any. I avail myself of occasions, whenever I visit the
+country, to take notes of monumental inscriptions in churches and other
+places of sepulture; generally of all within the walls of the sacred
+edifice, and those of the principal tombs in the surrounding graveyard.
+Time very often will not allow me to take <i>verbatim</i> copies of
+inscriptions; so I merely transcribe faithfully every date, genealogical
+note, and prominent event recorded upon monuments; omitting all
+circumlocution and mere eulogistical epitaphs. By this means, much time
+and labour are saved, and much useful and valuable information is
+secured. I should prefer taking exact copies, or even drawings of the
+most remarkable monuments; but this would occupy much time, and narrow
+the means of collecting; and by which I should have lost much that is
+valuable and interesting; copies, howsoever much they would have been
+desirable, would not possess the character of legal evidence. Thus, upon
+mere incidental occasions, I have collected sepulchral memorials from
+many churches in various parts of the country; and, in some instances,
+all contained in the village church, and the adjacent burying-ground. I
+have frequently found also that preserving an account of the relative
+positions of gravestones is important; especially when groups of family
+memorials occur in the same locality. I need scarcely add that I
+preserve memoranda of all armorial insignia found upon tombs and
+hatchments, forming a collection of arms borne by various families; and
+whether they stand the test of authority or not, at all events such
+information is useful.
+<span class="pagenum">[514]</span><a id="useful514"></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>What store of information might be obtained, by persons having leisure
+and inclination to pursue such an object, by the simple means of an
+ordinary pocket-memorandum-book!</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">  T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> Our next communication, from the R<span class="smcap lowercase">EV</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ANON</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">AINES</span>, is valuable,
+   as showing that unless some limit is placed to the antiquarian
+   ardour of those who would "collect and record every existing
+   monumental inscription," the historical and genealogical inquirer
+   will be embarrassed by a mass of materials in which, like
+   Gratiano's reasons, the two grains of wheat will be hid in two
+   bushels of chaff&mdash;a mass, indeed, which, from its extent, would
+   require to be deposited with the Registrar-General, and arranged
+   by the practised hands of his official staff.</p>
+
+
+<p>M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. D<span class="smcap lowercase">UNKIN'S</span> proposed record of existing monuments will be, if carried
+into effect, a very useful contribution to genealogists. Many years
+since I transcribed all the inscriptions <i>inside</i> the parish church of
+Rochdale, in Lancashire; but I never contemplated the possibility of any
+antiquary having the ardour to undertake a similar <i>task outside</i>. There
+are many thousands of gravestones, covering some <i>acres</i>; and I have
+understood that when one side of a grave-stone has been covered with
+inscriptions, the stone has been turned upside down, and the sculptor
+has again commenced his endless work on the smooth surface. In a great
+majority of these frail records nothing would be obtained which the
+parish register could not supply.</p>
+
+      <p class="right">F. R. R<span class="smcap lowercase">AINES</span>.</p>
+
+    <p class="left">  Milnrow Parsonage, Rochdale, June 4.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot">    Our correspondent from Bruges furnishes, like
+ Y<span class="smcap lowercase">ORK</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ERALD</span>,
+   valuable evidence as to what individual exertion may accomplish;
+   and we are sure, that if he will take the trouble of securing,
+   while he has the opportunity, a copy of the inscriptions in the
+   cemetery allotted to the English at Bruges, confining himself
+   merely to the names, dates, and genealogical information
+   contained in them, and will then deposit his collections either
+   in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries, or the Manuscript
+   Department of the British Museum, he will not only be setting a
+   good example to all antiquaries who may reside in any of the
+   cities of the Continent, but earn for himself hereafter the
+   thanks of many an anxious inquirer after genealogical truth.</p>
+
+<p>The communications made in your interesting "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> " have
+occasioned me much gratification, and if it be in my power to contribute
+but a mite to this rich treasury of information, I should consider it a
+privilege to be allowed to do so. To show that I am actuated by a
+kindred spirit, permit me to inform you, that a few years ago I
+undertook the formation of a desultory collection of "memorials of the
+ancient dead," and with that view corresponded with several hundred
+clergymen, inviting their local assistance; and I need scarcely add that
+a prompt and courteous attention to my wishes, encouraged my labours,
+and accomplished (so far as time and opportunity permitted) my object.
+It will be obvious that I had no intention of aiming at specimens in the
+higher department of monumental art, which have been so ably executed by
+Gough, Stothard, Neale, and others, but to content myself with those
+humbler efforts of skill which lay neglected and sometimes buried in
+holes and corners in many a rural church in remote districts.</p>
+
+<p>The result has put me in possession of a collection of about three
+hundred illustrations, consisting of pen-and-ink outlines, pencil
+sketches, Indian ink drawings, and some more highly finished paintings
+in water colour; and in addition to these, upwards of two hundred
+autograph letters from clergymen, many of which contain not only
+inscriptions, but interesting parochial and topographical information.</p>
+
+<p>The illustrations I have arranged (as well as I am able) in centuries,
+commencing with the plain cope lid of the eleventh century, according to
+the plan adopted by M. H. Bloxam, Esq., in his admirable treatise
+modestly intitled <i>A Glimpse at the Monumental Architecture and
+Sculpture of Great Britain</i>. The volume made for their reception is an
+atlas-folio, guarded; on one leaf is inserted the drawing, on the other
+the letter (if any) which accompanied it, to which are added a few brief
+memoranda of my own: it is still, however, in an unfinished state.</p>
+
+<p>The book is a very cumbrous one, so that its transmission would be no
+very easy task; if, however, it should be thought desirable, and the
+practicability explained, I shall have much pleasure in placing its
+contents at the disposal of any one engaged in following out the plan
+proposed.</p>
+
+<p>Allow me to add that, about a mile distant from the quaint and
+interesting city from whence this "note" is dated (and in which I have
+resided for some time), we come to the cemetery, a portion of which is
+allotted to the interment of those English residents, or visitors, who
+may have terminated their earthly career at this place. Should a copy of
+the inscriptions in this receptacle (which are numerous) be acceptable,
+I will endeavour to procure one; but in this case I should be glad to
+know whether these extracts should be confined to names, dates, and
+genealogical information only, or include the various tributes of
+affection or of friendship, by which they are generally accompanied.</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">  M. W. B.</p>
+
+   <p class="left">   Bruges.
+<span class="pagenum">[515]</span><a id="Bruges515"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Notes.</span></h2>
+
+<h3><span>ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. IX.<br />
+<i>The Astronomical Evidence of the True Date of the Canterbury
+Pilgrimage.</i></span></h3>
+
+
+<p>As a conclusion to my investigation of this subject, I wish to place
+upon record the astronomical results on which I have relied in the
+course of my observations; in order that their correctness may be open
+to challenge, and that each reader may compare the actual phenomena,
+rigidly ascertained with all the helps that modern science affords, with
+the several approximations arrived at by Chaucer. And when it is
+recollected that some at least of the facts recorded by him must have
+been theoretical&mdash;incapable of the test of actual observation&mdash;it must
+be admitted that his near approach to truth is remarkable: not the less
+so that his ideas on some points were certainly erroneous; as, for
+example, his adoption, in the <i>Treatise on the Astrolabe</i>, of Ptolemy's
+determination of the obliquity of the ecliptic in preference to the more
+correct value assigned to it by the Arabians of the middle ages.</p>
+
+<p>Assuming that the true date intended by Chaucer was Saturday the 18th of
+April, 1388, the following particulars of that day are those which have
+reference to his description:&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="Particulars of the day April 18, 1388">
+
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;H.</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;M.</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Right Ascension</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Sun at noon -</td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp;2 .</td>
+<td class="right">17�2</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Moon at 4 p. m.</td>
+<td class="right">12 .</td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp;5�7</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the star (<ins title="Greek: delta">&#948;.</ins> Virginis)  </td>
+<td class="right">12 .</td>
+<td class="right">25&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;�</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8242;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>North Declination</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Sun at noon -</td>
+<td class="right">13 .</td>
+<td class="right">47�5</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Moon at 4 p. m. </td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 .</td>
+<td class="right">49�8</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the star (<ins title="Greek: delta">&#948;.</ins> Virginis)  </td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp; 6 .</td>
+<td class="right">43�3</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;�</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8242;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Altitude</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Sun at noon -</td>
+<td class="right">45 .</td>
+<td class="right">15</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Sun at 4 p. m. </td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp;29 .</td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp;15</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Moon at 4 p. m. </td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp;4 .</td>
+<td class="right">53</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the star at 4 p. m.</td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp;4 .</td>
+<td class="right">20</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Azimuth</td>
+<td class="left">-</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Sun at rising -</td>
+<td class="right">112 .</td>
+<td class="right">30</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;H.</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;M.</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>Apparent Time</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Sun at half Azimuth</td>
+<td class="right">9 .</td>
+<td class="right">17</td>
+<td class="right">a. m.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Sun at altitude 45�</td>
+<td class="right">9 .</td>
+<td class="right">58</td>
+<td class="right">a. m.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of the Sun at altitude 29� </td>
+<td class="right">4 .</td>
+<td class="right">&nbsp;&nbsp;2</td>
+<td class="right">p. m.</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">Of apparent entrance of  </td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="left">{</td>
+
+<td class="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Moon's centre into Libra</td>
+<td class="right">3 .</td>
+<td class="right">45</td>
+<td class="right">a. m.</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+</table>
+
+
+<p>It will be seen that, if the place here assigned to the moon be correct,
+Chaucer could not have described it more appropriately than by the
+phrase "In m�n� Libra:" providing (of which there can be little doubt)
+that he used those words as synonymous with "in hedde of Libra." "Hedde
+of Libra," "hedde of Aries," are expressions constantly used by him to
+describe the equinoctial points; and the analogy that exists between
+"head," in the sense head-land or promontory, as, for example, "Orme's
+Head," "Holyhead," "Lizard Head," and the like; and "menez" in the same
+sense, need not be further insisted upon. Evidence fully sufficient to
+justify a much less obvious inference has been already produced, and I
+am enabled to strengthen it still further by the following reference,
+for which I am indebted to a private communication from H. B. C.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "M<span class="smcap lowercase">ENEZ</span>, <i>s. m.</i> Grande masse de terre, ou de roche, fort �lev�e
+   au-dessus du sol de la terre.</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "M<span class="smcap lowercase">EAN</span>, ou M<span class="smcap lowercase">AEN</span>, <i>s. m.</i> Pierre, corps dur et solide qui se forme
+   dans la terre.</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "(En Treguier et Cornouailes), <span class="smcap lowercase">M�N�</span>."</p>
+
+
+   <p class="author2">   (Gonidec, <i>Dictionnaire Celto-Breton</i>. Angoul�me, 1821.)</p>
+
+
+
+<p>This last reference is doubly valuable, in referring the word <i>m�n�</i> to
+the very neighbourhood of the scene of Chaucer's "Frankleine's Tale,"
+and in dispensing with the terminal letter <i>z</i>, thereby giving us the
+<i>verbum ipsissimum</i> used by Chaucer.</p>
+
+<p>I must not be understood as entertaining the opinion that Chaucer's
+knowledge of astronomy&mdash;although undoubtedly great, considering the age
+in which he lived and the nature of his pursuits&mdash;would have enabled him
+to determine the moon's true place, with such correctness, wholly from
+theory; on the contrary, I look upon it as more probably the result of
+real observation at the time named, and, as such, adding another link to
+the chain of presumptive evidence that renders it more probable that
+Chaucer wrote the prologues to his <i>Canterbury Tales</i> more as a
+narration (<i>with some embellishments</i>) of events that really took place,
+than that they were altogether the work of his imagination.</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">  A. E. B.</p>
+
+    <p class="left">  Leeds, June, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>CURIOUS EPIGRAMS ON OLIVER CROMWELL.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p>Looking carefully over a curious copy of the <i>Flagellum, or the Life and
+Death, Birth and Buriall of O. Cromwell, the late Usurper</i>, printed for
+Randal Taylor, 1672, I found on the back of the title the following
+epigrams, written in a handwriting and ink corresponding to the date of
+the book (which, by the way, is a late edition of the "little brown
+lying book," by Heath, which Carlyle notices): as they are curious and
+worth preserving, and I believe not to be met with elsewhere, I presume
+they may be of some interest to your readers. The book is also full of
+MS. marginal notes and remarks, evidently by some red-hot royalist,
+which are also curious in themselves, and with a selection of which I
+may some day trouble you should you wish it.
+<span class="pagenum">[516]</span><a id="wish516"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<p class="indh"><i>Under Gen. Cromwell's Picture, hung up in the Royal Exchange, these
+Lines were written.</i></p>
+
+     <p> "Ascend y<span class="topnum">e</span> Throne Greate Captaine and Divine</p>
+      <p>By th' will of God, oh Lyon, for they'r thine;</p>
+     <p> Come priest of God, bring oyle, bring Robes, bring Golde,</p>
+     <p> Bring crowns, bring scepters, 'tis high time t' unfold</p>
+     <p>Yo<span class="topnum">r</span> cloyster'd Buggs, yo<span class="topnum">r</span>
+            State cheates, Lifte y<span class="topnum">e</span> Rod</p>
+     <p> Of Steele, of Iron, of the King of God,&mdash;</p>
+     <p> Pay all in wrath with interest. Kneeling pray</p>
+     <p> To Oliv<span class="topnum">r</span> Torch of Syon, Starr of Day.</p>
+     <p>   Shoute then you Townds and Cyties, loudly Sing,</p>
+     <p> And all bare-headed cry, God save y<span class="topnum">e</span> King!"</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<p class="i3"><i>The Repartee, unto this Blasphemie.</i></p>
+     <p> "Descende thou great Usurper from y<span class="topnum">e</span> throne,</p>
+     <p> Thou, throughe thy pride, tooke what was not thine owne;</p>
+     <p>A Rope did better fitte thee than a Crowne,</p>
+     <p>  Come Carnifex, and put y<span class="topnum">e</span>
+             Trayto<span class="topnum">r</span> downe,</p>
+     <p>   For crownes and sceptres, and such sacred things</p>
+     <p>Doe not belong to Trayto<span class="topnum">rs</span>, but to Kings;</p>
+     <p> Let therefo<span class="topnum">e</span> all true Loyall subjects sing,</p>
+     <p>Vive le Roy! Long Live! God bless y<span class="topnum">e</span> King!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In regard to the little controversy which I started regarding Bunyan's
+claim to be author of the <i>Visions of Heaven and Hell</i>, I hope soon to
+decide it, as I am on the scent of a copy of, I believe, a first
+edition, which does not claim him for author.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">    J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RISWELL</span>.</p>
+
+     <p class="left"> 12. Brooke Street, Holborn.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>FOLK LORE.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Popular Superstitions in Lancashire.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;That a man must never "go a
+courting" on a Friday. If an unlucky fellow is caught with his lady-love
+on that day, he is followed home by a band of musicians playing on
+pokers, tongs, pan-lids, &amp;c., unless he can rid himself of his
+tormentors by giving them money to drink with.</p>
+
+<p>That hooping-cough will never be taken by any child which has ridden
+upon a bear. While bear baiting was in fashion, great part of the
+owner's profits arose from the money given by parents whose children had
+had a ride. The writer knows of cases in which the charm is said
+certainly to have been effectual.</p>
+
+<p>That hooping-cough may be cured by tying a hairy caterpillar in a small
+bag round the child's neck, and as the caterpillar dies the cough goes.</p>
+
+<p>That Good Friday is the best day of all the year to begin weaning
+children, which ought if possible to be put off till that day; and a
+strong hope is sometimes entertained that a very cross child will "be
+better" after it has been christened.</p>
+
+<p>That May cats are unlucky, and will suck the breath of children.</p>
+
+<p>That crickets are lucky about a house, and will do no harm to those who
+use them well; but that they eat holes in the worsted stockings of such
+members of the family as kill them. I was assured of this on the
+experience of a respectable farmer's family.</p>
+
+<p>The belief in ghosts, or bogards, as they are termed, is universal.</p>
+
+<p>In my neighbourhood I hardly know a dell where a running stream crosses
+a road by a small bridge or stone plat, where there is not frectnin
+(frightening) to be expected. Wells, ponds, gates, &amp;c., have often this
+bad repute. I have heard of a calf with eyes like a saucer, a woman
+without a head, a white greyhound, a column of white foam like a large
+sugar-loaf in the midst of a pond, a group of little cats, &amp;c., &amp;c., as
+the shape of the bogard, and sometimes a lady who jumped behind hapless
+passengers on horseback. It is supposed that a Romish priest can lay
+them, and that it is best to cheat them to consent to being laid while
+hollies are green. Hollies being evergreens, the ghosts can reappear no
+more.</p>
+
+
+     <p class="right"> P. P.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4>
+<span><i>Folk lore in Lancashire</i> </span>
+<span>(Vol. iii., p. 55.).</span>
+</h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Most of, if not all the
+instances mentioned under this head by
+ M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILKINSON</span> are, as might be
+expected, current also in the adjacent district of the West Riding of
+Yorkshire; and, by his leave, I will add a few more, which are familiar
+to me:</p>
+
+<p>1. If a cock near the door crows with his face towards it, it is a sure
+prediction of the arrival of a stranger.</p>
+
+<p>2. If the cat frisks about the house in an unusually lively manner,
+windy or stormy weather is approaching.</p>
+
+<p>3. If a dog howls under a window at night, a death will shortly happen
+in that house.</p>
+
+<p>4. If a <i>female</i> be the first to enter a house on Christmas or New
+Year's day, she brings ill luck to that house for the coming year.</p>
+
+<p>5. For hooping-cough, pass the child nine times over the back and under
+the belly of an ass. (This ceremony I once witnessed, but cannot vouch
+for its having had the desired effect.)</p>
+
+<p>6. For warts, rub them with a cinder, and this tied up in paper and
+dropped where four roads meet, will transfer the warts to whoever opens
+the packet.</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">  J. E<span class="smcap lowercase">ASTWOOD</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">    Ecclesfield.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Lancashire Customs.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The curfew is continued in many of the villages,
+and until the last ten or fifteen years it was usual at a Roman Catholic
+funeral to ring a merry peal on the bells as soon as the interment was
+over. The Roman Catholics seem now to have discontinued this practice.</p>
+
+<p>Carol singing and hand-bell ringing prevail at Christmas, and troops of
+men and children calling
+<span class="pagenum">[517]</span><a id="calling517"></a>
+ themselves <i>pace eggers</i>, go about in
+Passion Week, and especially Good Friday, as mummers in the south of
+England do at Christmas. Large tallow candles may often be seen
+decorated with evergreens, hanging up in the houses of the poor at
+Christmas time.</p>
+
+
+      <p class="right">P. P.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Od.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;One of the experiments by which the existence of this agency is
+tested, consists in attaching a horsehair to the first joint of the
+forefinger, and suspending to it a smooth gold ring. When the elbow is
+rested on the table, and the finger held in a horizontal position, the
+ring begins to oscillate in the plane of the direction of the finger;
+but if a female takes hold of the left hand of the person thus
+experimenting, the ring begins forthwith to oscillate in a plane at
+right angles to that of its former direction. I have never tried the
+experiment, for the simple reason that I have not been able to prevail
+upon any married lady of my acquaintance to lend me her wedding-ring for
+the purpose; and even if I had found it come true, I should still doubt
+whether the motion were not owing to the pulsations of the finger veins;
+but whatever be the cause, the fact is not new. My father recently told
+me, that in his boyhood he had often seen it tried as a charm. For this
+purpose it is essential, as may be supposed, that the ring be a
+wedding-ring, and of course the lady towards whom it oscillates is set
+down as the future spouse of the gentleman experimenting.</p>
+
+  <p class="right"> R. D. H.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Pigeons.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The popular belief, that a person cannot die with his head
+resting on a pillow containing pigeons' feathers, is well known; but the
+following will probably be as new to many of your readers as it was to
+myself. On applying the other day to a highly respectable farmer's wife
+to know if she had any pigeons ready to eat, as a sick person had
+expressed a longing for one, she said, "Ah! poor fellow! is he so far
+gone? A pigeon is generally almost the last thing they want; I have
+supplied many a one for the like purpose."</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">    J. E<span class="smcap lowercase">ASTWOOD</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Lord Nelson's Dress and Sword at Trafalgar.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Perhaps you may think it
+worth while to preserve a note written by the late Rev. Dr. Scott on the
+498th page of the second volume of Harrison's <i>Life of Lord Nelson</i>, in
+contradiction of a bombastic description therein given of the admiral's
+dress and appearance at the battle of Trafalgar.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "This is wrong, he wore the same coat he did the day before; nor
+   was there the smallest alteration in his dress whatsoever from
+   other days. In this action he had not his sword with him on deck,
+   which in other actions he had always carried.&mdash;<i>A. J. Scott.</i>"</p>
+
+
+<p>Dr. Scott was the chaplain and friend in whose arms Lord Nelson died.</p>
+
+<p>When the late Sir N. Harris Nicolas was engaged in a controversy in <i>The
+Times</i>, respecting the sale of Lord Nelson's sword, I sent him a copy of
+the above note, and told him I had heard Dr. Scott say that "the sword
+was left hanging in the admiral's cabin." It was not found necessary to
+make use of this testimony, as the dispute had subsided.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Crucifix of Mary Queen of Scots.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The crucifix that belonged to this
+unfortunate queen, and which she is said to have held in her hands on
+the scaffold, is still preserved with great care by its present owners
+(a titled family in the neighbourhood of Winchester), and at whose seat
+I have frequently seen it. If I mistake not, the figure of our Saviour
+is of ivory, and the cross of ebony.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">      T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">HITE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">OSE</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Jonah and the Whale.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In No. 76., p. 275., MR. GALLATLY calls
+attention to the popular error in misquoting the expression from
+Genesis: "In the sweat of thy face," &amp;c. There is another popular error
+which may not be known to some of your correspondents: it is generally
+supposed that Jonah is recorded in the book bearing his name as having
+been swallowed by a <i>whale</i>,&mdash;this is quite an error. The expressions is
+"a great fish," and no such word as <i>whale</i> occurs in the entire "Book
+of Jonah."</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">    E. J. K.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Anachronisms of Painters.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I send you a further addition to the
+"Anachronisms of Painters," mentioned in Vol. iii., p. 369., and, like
+them, not in D'Israeli's list.</p>
+
+<p>My father (R. Robinson, of the Heath House, Wombourne) has in his
+collection a picture by Steenwyk, of the "Woman taken in Adultery," in
+which our Lord is made to write in <i>Dutch</i>! The scene also takes place
+in a church of the architecture of the thirteenth century!</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">    G. T. R.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">  Wombourne, near Wolverhampton.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Queries.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span></h3>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Rifles.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;"<i>We</i> make the best rifles, and you follow us," said the
+exhibitor of Colt's revolvers, in my hearing, with a most satisfied
+assurance, in a way "particularly communicative and easy," as <i>The
+Times</i> of the 9th of June says of his general manner. I am always
+desirous of information, but desire the highest authority and evidence
+before I believe. I would therefore ask the opinion of all experienced
+sportsmen, such as Mr. Gordon Cumming, or of travelled officers of our
+Rifle Brigade. I may say, that if the above unqualified remark came from
+the mouth of an English maker, I should be equally incredulous. Is there
+any use for which an American rifle is to be preferred to an English
+one?
+<span class="pagenum">[518]</span><a id="Earls518"></a>
+</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">   A. C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Stanbridge or Standbridge Earls.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents
+give me any information respecting Stanbridge or Standbridge Earls, near
+Romsey, Hants? There are the remains of a palace of the Saxon kings
+still there, many parts of which are in good preservation, the chapel
+being now used as the kitchen of Stanbridge House?</p>
+
+<p>I have also read that one of the kings was buried in this chapel, and
+afterwards removed to Winchester; but, having no note of the book,
+should be glad to be referred to it.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">   C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLY</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">OBBLES</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Montchesni, or Muncey Family.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents inform
+us what has become of the Norman line of Montchesni, or Muncey, a family
+which, like those of Maldebauge and De Loges, held baronial rank in
+England for several generations after the Conquest, though it is now
+forgotten?</p>
+
+   <p class="right">  P.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Epitaph on Voltaire.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The late Sir F. Jeffrey, in a review of the
+correspondence of Baron de Grimm, quotes an epitaph on Voltaire, which
+he states to have been made by a lady of Lausanne:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <p>  "Ci g�t l'enfant gat� du monde qu'il gata."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Has the name of this lady been ascertained?</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">    H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">     St. Lucia, May, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Passage in Coleridge's Table Talk.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In <i>Specimens of Coleridge's Table
+Talk</i> (p. 165., Murray, 1851) appears the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "So little did the early bishops and preachers think their
+   Christian faith wrapped up in, and solely to be learned from, the
+   New Testament, that I remember a letter from<a id="from1"></a> &mdash;&mdash;<a title="Go to footnote 1." href="#fn1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> to a friend
+   of his, a bishop in the East, in which he most evidently speaks
+   of the <i>Christian</i> scriptures as of works of which the bishop
+   knew little or nothing."</p>
+
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#from1" class="label">[1]</a> "I have lost the name which Mr. Coleridge
+mentioned."&mdash;<i>Editor's Note.</i></p>
+
+<p>My object is to know how this blank is to be filled up&mdash;probably by the
+name of some well-known father of the Church.</p>
+
+    <p class="right">    G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">EWES</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">    Oxford, May 28.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>Men may live fools, but fools they cannot die.</i>"</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;These words are
+given in Young's <i>Night Thoughts</i> as a quotation. Can any of your
+correspondents inform me whence they are taken?</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">    E. J. K.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>
+<i>Etymology of Bic�tre.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In a work entitled <i>Description routi�re et
+g�ographique de l'Empire Fran�ais</i>, by R. V., Paris, 1813, the following
+notice of Bic�tre occurs in vol. i. p. 84.:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+ <p class="blockquot">  "On voit bient�t, � peu de distance � droite, d'abord dans un
+   bas-fond, arros� par la petite rivi�re de Bi�vre ou des Gobelins,
+   le village de Gentilly, qui se vante de quelqu'anciennet�, et
+   d'un Concile tenu en 767; ensuite, sur une �minence, au bout
+   d'une jolie avenue en berceau, l'h�pital de Bic�tre, qui, fond�
+   en 1290 par un Ev�que de Paris, appartint depuis, dit-on, � un
+   Ev�que de Wincester ou Wincestre, d'o� par corruption on a fait
+   Bic�tre.</p>
+
+   <p class="blockquot">"C'est une chose assez piquante que cette �tymologie anglaise.
+   Les auteurs qui nous l'apprennent eussent bien d� nous en
+   apprendre aussi les circonstances. J'ai consult� � cet �gard tout
+   ce qui �tait � consulter, sans faire d'autre d�couverte que
+   quelques contradictions dans les dates, et sans pouvoir offrir
+   aucun �claircissement historique � mes lecteurs, aussi curieux
+   que moi, sans doute, de savoir comment un pr�lat anglais est venu
+   donner le nom de son �v�ch� � un ch�teau de France."</p>
+
+
+<p>Is there any warrant in English history for this derivation of Bic�tre;
+and if so, who was the Bishop of Winchester that gave the name of his
+diocese to that celebrated hospital?</p>
+
+
+      <p class="right">H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.
+</p>
+     <p class="left"> St. Lucia, June, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Theobald Anguilbert and Michael Scott.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;M. Barbier, in his
+<i>Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes</i>, says that Michael
+Scott is a pseudonyme for Theobald Anguilbert, and ascribes the <i>Mensa
+philosophica</i> to the latter as the real author. Can any one tell me who
+is Theobald Anguilbert, for I can find no account of him anywhere? and
+if there ever was such a person, whether <i>all</i> the writings bearing the
+name of Michael Scott, who, by all accounts, appears to have been a real
+person, are to be assigned to the said Anguilbert?</p>
+
+
+   <p class="right">  T<span class="smcap lowercase">YRO</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">  Dublin.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>Suum cuique tribuere,</i>" <i>&amp;c.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your readers tell me where the
+following passage is to be found?</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "Suum cuique tribuere, ea demum summa justitia est."</p>
+
+
+<p>All persons of whom I have inquired, tell me it is from Cicero, but no
+one can inform me <i>where</i> it is to be found.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right"> M. D.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Organs first put up in Churches.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the parish register of Buxted, in
+Sussex, allusion is made to the time when the organs were put up in the
+church, but which had been taken down. This entry was made in the year
+1558. Any information as to the earliest period when organs were placed
+in our churches will much oblige.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right"> R. W. B.</p>
+
+
+
+ <p class="blockquot">  [Our correspondent will find some interesting matter on the early
+   use of organs in churches in the Rev. F. D. Wackerbath's <i>Music
+   and the Anglo-Saxons</i>, pp. 6-24. London. 8vo. 1837.]</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Ignoramus, Com&oelig;dia, &amp;c.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Perhaps some of your correspondents can
+enlighten me on the following points.</p>
+
+<p>1. Who was the author of this play? The Latin is sufficiently
+ultra-canine for his pedantic majesty himself.
+<span class="pagenum">[519]</span><a id="majesty519"></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>2. Do the words "coram Regia Maiestate <i>Jacobi, Regis Angli�</i>," &amp;c.,
+mean that the play was acted in the presence of the king? I am inclined
+to give them that interpretation from some allusions at the end of the
+last act, as well as from its being written in Latin.</p>
+
+<p>3. Are any of the race-courses therein mentioned still used as such?</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "In Stadio Roystoniensi, Brackliensi, Gatterliensi, Coddington."</p>
+
+
+<p>This is the earliest mention of <i>fixed</i> English race-courses that I have
+met with, and not being much versed in the secrets of the modern
+"cespite vivo," I am obliged to inquire of those who are better informed
+on that subject.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right"> F. J.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot">  [The author of <i>Ignoramus</i> was George Ruggles, A. M., of Clare
+   Hall, Cambridge. This comedy, as well as that of <i>Albumazar</i>,
+   were both acted before King James I. and the Prince of Wales,
+   during a visit to Cambridge in March, 1614-15. The edition of
+   <i>Ignoramus</i>, edited by J. S. Hawkins, 8vo., 1787, contains a Life
+   of Ruggles, and a valuable Glossary to his "ultra-canine Latin"
+   legal terms. There is also a translation of this comedy, with the
+   following title: "<i>Ignoramus: a Comedy as it was several times
+   acted with extraordinary applause before the Majesty of King
+   James.</i> With a Supplement, which (out of respect to the Students
+   of the Common Law) was hitherto wanting. Written in Latine by R.
+   Ruggles, sometime Master of Arts in Clare Hall, in Cambridge, and
+   translated into English by R. C. [Robert Codrington, A. M.] of
+   Magdalen Colledge, in Oxford. London. 4to. 1662."]</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Drake's Historia Anglo-Scotica.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Will any of your learned readers
+inform me, for what reason and by what authority Drake's <i>Historia
+Anglo-Scotica</i>, published in 1703, was ordered to be burned by the
+hangman? And where I can meet with a report of the proceedings relating
+to it?</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">  F<span class="smcap lowercase">RA</span>. M<span class="smcap lowercase">EWBURN</span>.
+</p>
+ <p class="left">Darlington.</p>
+
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> [Dr. Drake was not the author, but merely the editor of <i>Historia
+   Anglo-Scotica</i>. In the dedication he says, "Upon a diligent
+   revisal, in order, if possible, to discover the name of the
+   author, and the age of his writing, he found that it was written
+   in, or at least not finished till, the time of Charles I." It is
+   singular, however, that he does not give the least intimation by
+   what mysterious influence the manuscript came to be wafted into
+   his library. It was ordered by the parliament of Scotland, on the
+   30th of June, 1703, to be burned by the common hangman.]</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Replies.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>CORPSE PASSING MAKES A RIGHT WAY.<br />
+(Vol. iii., p. 477.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>The fact of the passage of a funeral procession over land, from being an
+act of user of a very public character, must always have had some
+influence on the trial of the question whether the owner of the land had
+dedicated the same to the public; and it is not improbable that in early
+times very great weight was attached to evidence of this kind: so that
+the passage of a corpse across land came to be considered in the popular
+mind as conclusive and incontrovertible evidence of a public right of
+way over that land. With the reverence for the dead which is so pleasing
+a characteristic of modern refinement, it is probable that acts of user
+of this description would now have little weight, inasmuch as no man of
+right feeling would be disposed to interrupt parties assembled on so
+mournful and solemn an occasion. I recollect, however, having read a
+trial in modern times for a riot, arising out of a forcible attempt to
+carry a corpse over a field against the will of the landowner; the
+object of the parties in care of the corpse was believed to be the
+establishment of a public right of way over the field in question, the
+owner of which, with a body of partisans, forcibly resisted the attempt,
+on the apparent belief that the act of carrying a corpse across the
+field would certainly have established the right claimed. I regret I did
+not "make a Note" of the case, so as to be able to specify the time,
+place, and circumstances with certainty.</p>
+
+<p>That the notion in question is of great antiquity may I think be
+inferred from the following passage in <i>Prynne's Records</i>, iii. 213.,
+referring to Walter Bronescombe, Bishop of Exeter, 1258-1280 (and as the
+authority for which, Prynne cites Holinshed's <i>Chronicle</i>, 1303, 1304;
+and Godwin's <i>Catalogue of Bishops</i>, 326.):&mdash;</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "He did by a Policy purchase the Lordship and House of Clift
+   Sachfeld, and enlarged the Barton thereof by gaining of Cornish
+   Wood from the Dean and Chapter fraudulently; building then a very
+   fair and sumptuous house there; he called it Bishop's Clift, and
+   left the same to his successors. Likewise he got the Patronage of
+   Clift Fomesone, now called Sowton, and annexed the same to his
+   new Lordship, which (as it was said) he procured by this means.
+   He had a Frier to be his Chaplain and Confessor, which died in
+   his said House of Clift, and should have been buried at the
+   Parish Church of Faringdon, because the said House was and is in
+   that Parish; but because the Parish Church was somewhat farre
+   off, the wayes foul, and the weather rainy, or for some other
+   causes, the Bishop commanded the corps to be carryed to the
+   parish church of Sowton, then called Clift Fomeson, which is very
+   near, and bordereth upon the Bishop's Lordship; the two Parishes
+   being then divided by a little Lake called Clift. At this time
+   one Fomeson, a Gentleman, was Lord and Patron of Clift Fomeson;
+   and he, being advertised of such a Burial towards in his Parish,
+   and a leech way to be made over to his Land, without his leave or
+   consent required therein; calleth his Tenants together, goeth to
+   the Bridge over the lake between the Bishop's Land and his; there
+   meeteth the Bishop's men, bringing the said Corps, and forbiddeth
+   them to come over the
+<span class="pagenum">[520]</span><a id="forbiddeth520"></a>
+ water. The men nothing regarding the
+   Prohibition, do press forwards to come over the water, and the
+   others do withstand, so long, that in the end, my Lord's Fryer is
+   fallen into the Water. The Bishop taketh this matter in such
+   grief, that a holy Fryer, a Religious man, his own Chaplain and
+   Confessor, should be so unreverently cast into the Water, that he
+   falleth out with the Gentleman, and upon what occasion I know
+   not, he sueth him in the Law (in his own Ecclesiastical Court,
+   where he was both party and Judge), and so vexeth and tormenteth
+   him, that in the end he was fain to yeeld himself to the Bishop's
+   devotion, and seeketh all the wayes he could to carry the
+   Bishop's good will, which he could not obtain, until for
+   redemption he had given up and surrendered his patronage of
+   Sowton, with a piece of land; all which the said Bishop annexed
+   to his new Lordship."</p>
+
+
+<p>In "An Exhortation, to be spoken to such Parishes where they use their
+Perambulation in Rogation Week; for the Oversight of the Bounds and
+Limits of their Town," is a curious passage, which I subjoin:</p>
+
+
+   <p class="blockquot">"It is a shame to behold the insatiableness of some covetous
+   persons in their doings; that where their ancestors left of their
+   land a broad and sufficient bier-balk, to carry the corpse to the
+   Christian sepulture, how men pinch at such bier-balks, which by
+   long use and custom ought to be inviolably kept for that purpose;
+   and now they quite eat them up, and turn the dead body to be
+   borne farther about in the high streets; or else, if they leave
+   any such meer, it is too straight for two to walk
+   on."&mdash;<i>Homilies</i>, ed. Corrie, p. 499.</p>
+
+
+<p>It may perhaps be considered not quite irrelevant here to state that
+there seems once to have been an opinion, that the passage of the
+sovereign across land had the effect of making a highway thereon. The
+only allusion, however, to this opinion which I can call to mind, occurs
+in Peck's <i>Antiquarian Annals of Stanford</i>, lib. xi. s. xii.; an extract
+from which follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "From Stanford King Edward, as I conceive, went to Huntingdon;
+   for in a letter of one of our kings dated at that town the 12th
+   of July (without any year or king's name to ascertain the time
+   and person it belongs to), the King writes to the aldermen and
+   bailiffs of Stanford, acquainting them, that, when he came to
+   Stanford, he went through Pilsgate field (coming then I suppose
+   from Peterborough), and, it being usual it seems that whatever
+   way the King rides to any place (though the same was no public
+   way before) for everybody else to claim the same liberty
+   afterwards, and thenceforth to call any such new passage the
+   King's highway; being followed to Huntingdon by divers of his own
+   tenants, inhabitants of Pilsgate, who then and there represented
+   the damage they should sustain by such a practice, the King by
+   his letters immediately commanded that his passing that way
+   should not be made a precedent for other people's so doing, but
+   did utterly forbid and discharge them therefrom. His letter,
+   directed 'to our dearly beloved the alderman, bailiffs, and good
+   people of our Town of Stanford,' upon this occasion, is thus
+   worded:&mdash;'Dear and well-beloved friends, by the grievous
+   complaint of our beloved lieges and tenents of the town of
+   Pillesyate near our town of Staunford, we have understood, that,
+   in as much as, on Tuesday last, we passed through the middle of a
+   meadow and a certain pasture there called Pillesyate meadow
+   appertaining to the said town of Pillesyate, you, and others of
+   the country circumjacent, claim to have and use an high way royal
+   to pass through the middle of the said meadow and pasture, to the
+   great damage and disseisin of our said lieges and tenents,
+   whereupon they have supplicated for a remedy; so we will, if it
+   be so, and we command and charge firmly, that you neither make
+   nor use, nor suffer to be made nor used by others of our said
+   town of Staunford, nor others whatsoever, no high road through
+   the middle of the said meadow and pasture; but that you forbear
+   from it entirely, and that you cause it to be openly proclaimed
+   in our said town, that all others of our said town and the
+   country round it, do likewise; to the end that our said tenents
+   may have and peaceably enjoy the said meadow and pasture, so, and
+   in the manner, as they have done before these times, without
+   disturbance or impeachment of you or others, of what estate or
+   condition soever they be, notwithstanding that we passed that way
+   in manner as is said. And this in no manner fail ye. Given under
+   our signet at Huntyngdon the 12th day of July.'"</p>
+
+<p>I am unable to say whether the opinion it was the object of the above
+royal letter to refute was general, or was peculiar to the "good people"
+of Stanford, "and others of the country circumjacent."</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">  C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Cambridge, June 18. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>DOZEN OF BREAD; BAKER'S DOZEN<br />
+(Vol. ii., p. 298.; Vol iii., p. 153.).</span></h3>
+
+<p>From the following extracts from two of the "Bury Wills" recently
+published by the Camden Society, it would appear that a dozen of bread
+always consisted of <i>twelve</i> loaves; and that the term "Baker's dozen"
+arose from the practice of giving, in addition to the <i>twelve</i> loaves, a
+further quantity as "<i>inbread</i>," in the same manner as it is (or until
+recently was) the custom to give an extra bushel of coals as "ingrain"
+upon the sale of a large quantity; a chaldron, I believe.</p>
+
+<p>Francis Pynner, of Bury, Gent., by will, dated April 26, 1639, gave to
+feoffees certain property upon trust (<i>inter alia</i>) out of the rents,
+upon the last Friday in every month in the year, to provide one twopenny
+loaf for each of forty poor people in Bury, to be distributed by the
+clerk, sexton, and beadle of St. Mary's parish, who were to have the
+"<i>inbread of the said bread</i>." And the testator also bequeathed certain
+other property to feoffees upon trust to employ the rents as follows
+(that is to say):&mdash;</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "The yerely s&#363;me of ffiue pounds p'cell of the said yerely
+   rents to be bestowed in wheaten bread, to be made into <i>penny</i>
+   loaves, and upon eu'y Lord's day,
+<span class="pagenum">[521]</span><a id="loaves521"></a>
+ called Sonday,
+   throughout eu'y yere of the said terme [40 years or thereabouts],
+   <i>fowre</i> and <i>twenty</i> loaves of the said bread, w<span class="topnum">th</span> the
+   <i>inbread</i> allowed by the baker for those <i>twoe dosens</i> of bread,
+   to be timely brought and sett vpon a forme towards the vpp' end
+   of the chancell of the said p'ish church of St. Marie, and ...
+   the same <i>twoe dosens</i> of bread to be giuen and distributed ...
+   to and amongst fowre and twentie poore people ... the p'ish
+   clarke and sexton of the said church, and the beadle of the said
+   p'ish of St. Marie for the time then being, shall alwaies be
+   three w<span class="topnum">ch</span> from time to time shall haue their shares and parts
+   in the said bread. And they, the said clarke, sexton, and bedell,
+   shall alwaies haue the <i>inbread</i> of all the bread aforesaid
+   ov<span class="topnum">r</span> and besides their shares in the said twoe dosens of bread
+   from time to time&mdash;&mdash;"</p>
+
+
+<p>And William Fiske, of Pakenham, Gent., by will, dated March 20, 1648,
+provided twelvepence a week to pay weekly for <i>one dozen</i> of bread which
+his mind was, should "be weekly given vnto twelue <i>or thirteene</i>"
+persons therein referred to.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right"> J. B. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLMAN</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Eye, June 16. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>MOSAIC.<br />
+(Vol. iii., p. 389.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>Among the various kinds of picturesque representation, practised by the
+Greeks and Romans, and transmitted by them to after times, is that of
+<i>Mosaic</i>, a mode of execution which, in its durability of form, and
+permanency of colour, possesses distinguished advantages, being
+unaffected by heat or cold, drought or moisture, and perishing only with
+the building to which it has been originally attached. This art has been
+known in Rome since the days of the Republic. The severer rulers of that
+period forbade the introduction of foreign marbles, and the republican
+mosaics are all in black and white. Under the Empire the art was greatly
+improved, and not merely by the introduction of marbles of various
+colours, but by the invention of artificial stones, termed by the
+Italians <i>Smalti</i>, which can be made of every variety of tint. This art
+was never entirely lost. On the introduction of pictures into Christian
+temples, they were first made of <i>mosaic</i>: remaining specimens of them
+are rude, but profoundly interesting in an historical point of view.
+When art was restored in Italy, mosaic also was improved; but it
+attained its greatest perfection in the last and present century. <i>Roman
+mosaic, as now practised, may be described as being the production of
+pictures by connecting together numerous minute pieces of coloured
+marble or artificial stones. These are attached to a ground of copper,
+by means of a strong cement of gum mastic, and other materials, and are
+afterwards ground and polished, as a stone would be, to a perfectly
+level surface.</i> By this art not only are ornaments made on a small
+scale, but pictures of the largest size are copied. The most remarkable
+modern works are the copies which have been executed of some of the most
+important works of the great masters, for the altars in St. Peter's.
+These are, in every respect, perfect imitations of the originals; and
+when the originals, in spite of every care, must change and perish,
+these mosaics will still convey to distant ages a perfect idea of the
+triumphs of art achieved in the fifteenth century. <i>Twenty years</i> were
+employed in making one of the copies I have mentioned. The pieces of
+mosaic vary in size from an eighth to a sixteenth of an inch, and eleven
+men were employed for that time on each picture. A great improvement was
+introduced into the art in 1775, by Signor Raffaeli, who thought of
+preparing the <i>smalti</i> in what may be termed fine threads. <i>The pastes
+or smalti are manufactured at Venice, in the shape of crayons, or like
+sticks of sealing-wax, and are afterwards drawn out by the workman, by a
+blowpipe, into the thickness he requires, often almost to an hair, and
+are seldom thicker than the finest grass stalk.</i> For tables, and large
+articles, of course, the pieces are thicker; but the beauty of the
+workmanship, the soft gradation of the tints, and the cost, depend upon
+the <i>minuteness</i> of the pieces, and the skill displayed by the artist. A
+ruin, a group of flowers or figures, will employ a good artist about two
+months, when only two inches square; and a specimen of such a
+description costs from 5<i>l.</i> to 20<i>l.</i>, according to the execution: a
+landscape, six inches by four, would require eighteen months, and would
+cost from 40<i>l.</i> to 50<i>l.</i> For a picture of P�stum, eight feet long by
+twenty inches broad, on which four men were occupied for three years,
+1000<i>l.</i> sterling was asked. The mosaic work of Florence differs
+entirely from Roman mosaic, being composed of stones inserted in
+comparatively large masses. It is called work in <i>pietra dura</i>; the
+stones used are all of a more or less precious nature. In old specimens,
+the most beautiful works are those in which the designs are of an
+arabesque character. The most remarkable specimen of this description of
+<i>pietra dura</i>, is an octagonal table, in the <i>Gubinetto di Baroccio</i>, in
+the Florence Gallery. It is valued at 20,000<i>l.</i> sterling, and was
+commenced in 1623 by Jacopo Detelli, from designs by Ligozzi. Twenty-two
+artists worked upon it without interruption till it was terminated, in
+the year 1649.</p>
+
+<p>One principal distinction between the ancient and modern mosaic is, I
+believe, that the former was arranged in <i>patterns</i>, the latter
+<i>coloured in shades</i>. I shall not take up your columns by dwelling on
+the ancient mosaic, which, as all know was in use among the Orientals,
+especially the Persians and Assyrians; and from the Easterns the Greeks
+received the art. In the Book of Esther, i. 6., we have an allusion to a
+mosaic pavement; and Schleusner understands the
+<ins title="[Greek: Lithostr�ton]">&#923;&#953;&#952;&#8057;&#963;&#964;&#961;&#969;&#964;&#959;&#957;</ins>   of
+St. John, xix. 13., to mean a sort of elevated
+<span class="pagenum">[522]</span><a id="elevated522"></a>
+ mosaic pavement.
+Andrea Tafi, towards the close of the thirteenth century, is said to
+have revived this art in Italy, having learned it from a Greek named
+Apollonius, who worked at the church of St. Mark at Venice, and to have
+been the founder of the modern mosaic.</p>
+
+<p>Now for the derivation. The Lithostrata, or tesselated pavements of the
+Romans, being worked in a regular and mechanical manner, were called
+<i>opus musivum, opera qua ad amussim facta sunt</i>. Hence the Italian
+<i>musaico</i>, from whence is derived our appellation of <i>mosaic</i>; but, like
+most of our arts, through the channel of the French <i>mosa�que</i>. (Vide
+Pitisci <i>Lexicon</i>, ii. 242.; Roscoe's <i>Life of Lorenzo de Medici</i>;
+Winkelman; <i>Pompeiana</i>, by Gell; Smith's <i>Greek and Roman Antiq.</i>;
+Beckman's <i>Inventions</i>; and <i>R�cherches sur la Peinture en Mosa�que chez
+les Anciens</i>, &amp;c., annexed to his <i>Description d'un Pav� en Mosa�que</i>,
+&amp;c.: Paris, 1802.)</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">   G<span class="smcap lowercase">ERONIMO</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Prenzie</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 401.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Several words have been suggested to
+take the place of the unintelligible "<i>prenzie</i>" in <i>Measure for
+Measure</i>; but none of them appear to me to satisfy all the four
+conditions justly required by L<span class="smcap lowercase">EGES</span>.</p>
+
+<p>I would suggest <i>phrensied</i> or <i>phrenzied</i>, a word extremely like
+<i>prenzie</i> both in sound and appearance, and of the proper metre, thus
+perfectly satisfying two of the conditions.</p>
+
+<p>With respect to the propriety of using this word in the two instances
+where <i>prenzie</i> occurs, Claudio, in the first place, when informed by
+his sister of the villany of Angelo, may well exclaim in astonishment&mdash;
+</p>
+
+     <div class="poem">
+<p> "The <i>phrenzied</i> Angelo?"</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="noindent"><i>i.e.</i> "What, is he mad?" or, with a note of admiration, "Why, Angelo
+must be mad!" Then, I think, naturally follows Isabella's reply:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <p>  "O 'tis the cunning livery of Hell,</p>
+    <p>  The damned'st body to invest and cover</p>
+    <p> In <i>phrenzied</i> guards!"</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">that is, in the disguise or under the cloak of madness.</p>
+
+<p>Johnson defines Frenzy to be</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "Madness; distraction of mind; alienation of understanding; any
+   violent passion approaching to madness."</p>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">and surely Angelo's <i>violent passion</i> for Isabella, and his
+determination to gratify it at all risks, may, properly be said to
+<i>approach to madness</i>.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">    W. G. M.</p>
+
+
+<p>There is a Scotch word so nearly resembling this, and at the same time
+so exactly answering to the sense which the passage in <i>Measure for
+Measure</i> requires, that it may be worth while calling the attention of
+the Shakspearian commentators to it. In Allan Cunningham's Glossary to
+Burns, I find <i>Primsie</i>, which he defines to mean <i>demure</i>, <i>precise</i>.
+An old Scotch proverb is quoted, in which the word is used:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+     <p> "A <i>primsie</i> damsel makes a laidlae dame."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The term is evidently connected with, or formed from, the English
+<i>prim</i>, which has the same sense. It seems this was formerly sometimes
+written <i>prin</i>. Halliwell cites from Fletcher's poems the lines&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <p>  "He looks as gaunt and prin, as he that spent</p>
+    <p>  A tedious twelve years in an eager Lent."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">Now if from <i>prim</i> be formed the secondary adjective <i>primsie</i>, so from
+<i>prin</i> we get <i>prinsie</i> or <i>prinzie</i>. But without resorting to the
+supposition of the existence of this latter word, it is evident that in
+<i>primzie</i>, which does or did exist, we have a word answering all the
+conditions laid down by L<span class="smcap lowercase">EGES</span> for determining the true reading, more
+nearly than any other that has been suggested.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">     C<span class="smcap lowercase">EBES</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> [Dr. Jamieson, in his <i>Scottish Dictionary</i>, defines PRIMSIE,
+   demure, precise, S. from E. <i>prim</i>.</p>
+
+
+
+   <div class="poem">  <p> "Poor Willie, wi' his bow-kail runt</p>
+    <p>  Was brunt wi' primsie Mallie."</p>
+
+      <p class="author">Burns, iii. 129.]</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h4>
+<span><i>Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest</i></span> <span> (Vol. iii., p. 443.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Were the beautiful
+lines entitled "Lady Flora's Bequest" in reality written by that
+lamented lady? They are not to be found in the volume of her Poems
+published after her death by her sister, the Marchioness of Bute; and
+they did appear in <i>The Christian Lady's Magazine</i> for September, 1839,
+with the signature of Miss M. A. S. Barber appended to them.</p>
+
+<p>In the preceding Number of the same magazine there is a very touching
+account of Lady Flora, from the pen of its talented editress, who
+mentions the fact of Lady Flora having with her <i>dying hand</i> "delivered
+to her fond brother a little Bible, the gift of her mother, requesting
+him to restore it to that beloved parent with the assurance that from
+the age of seven years, when she received it from her, it had been her
+best treasure; and, she added, her sole support under all her recent
+afflictions."</p>
+
+<p>If your correspondent E<span class="smcap lowercase">RZA</span> has never seen that obituary notice (Seeleys,
+publishers) I think she will be glad to meet with it.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">  L. H. K.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Arches of Pelaga</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 478.)</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;This term is in common use
+among sailors, meaning the Mediterranean Archipelago, and they may very
+often be heard saying&mdash;"When I was up the Arches."</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">  E. N. W.</p>
+
+   <p class="left"> Southwark, June 16. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Engraved Warming-Pans</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 84. 115.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I beg to add to the
+lists of H. G. T., and E. B. P<span class="smcap lowercase">RICE</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Some years ago I purchased one in Bradford,
+<span class="pagenum">[523]</span><a id="purchased523"></a>
+[~523] Wilts, and several at
+Bedwyn Magna in the same county. The Bradford one bears an heraldic
+nondescript animal with horns on its head and nose, and a coronet round
+its neck, surrounded by&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <p>  "The . Lord . reseve . us . into . His . kingdom . 1616."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>One of the Bedwyn ones bears a lion passant holding a scimitar, with the
+motto:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <p>  "Feare . God . and . obay . the . king . 161&mdash;."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The last figure of the date is obliterated. Another has a shield bearing
+three tuns, surrounded by&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+   <p>   "The Vintners' arms."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>One in the possession of a farmer in the parish of Barton Turf, Norfolk,
+bears an eagle with a human head at its feet, surrounded by&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+   <p>   "The . Erl . of . Darbeyes . arms." 1660.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+ <p class="right"> W. C. L<span class="smcap lowercase">UKIS</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Great Bedwyn, June, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>St. Pancras</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 285. 397.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;St. Pancras was a native of
+the province of Phrygia, the son of a nobleman of the name of Cledonius;
+who, when at the point of death, strongly recommended this his only son,
+together with his fortune, which was very great, to the care of his
+brother Dionysius, he being the only near relative in being, the mother
+having previously deceased.</p>
+
+<p>This trust Dionysius faithfully fulfilled, bringing up and loving his
+nephew as he would have done his own son; and when, three years after
+the death of Cledonius, he quitted his native country and proceeded to
+Rome, the youthful Pancras accompanied him. Upon reaching the imperial
+city, the uncle and nephew took up their residence in the same suburb
+where the Pope Marcellinus had fled for concealment from the persecution
+which had been raised against the Christians by the Emperors Diocletian
+and Maximianus. Here they had not been long resident before the fame of
+the great sanctity and virtue of Marcellinus reached their ears, and
+caused an ardent desire in both to see and converse with one so highly
+spoken of. A convenient opportunity was soon found, and in a short time
+both the uncle and nephew, renouncing their idolatry, became converted
+to the Christian faith.</p>
+
+<p>So strong was the effect produced upon them by this change, that the
+chief desire of both was to die for their religion; and, without waiting
+for the arrival of the officers who were continually searching for the
+hidden Christians, they voluntarily surrendered themselves to the
+ministers of justice.</p>
+
+<p>A few days after this event, however, Dionysius was called hence by a
+natural death.</p>
+
+<p>Diocletian, who is said to have been a friend of Cledonius, and moved
+perhaps by the youth and graceful appearance of Pancras, strove by
+flattery and caresses to induce him to do sacrifice to the heathen gods;
+to this proposition Pancras absolutely refused to consent, and
+reproached the Emperor for his weakness in believing to be gods, men,
+who, while on earth, had been remarkable for their vices. Diocletian,
+stung by these reproaches, commanded that the youth should be instantly
+beheaded, which sentence was immediately carried into execution. His
+death is said to have taken place on 12th May, 303; the martyr being
+then but fourteen years of age.</p>
+
+<p>The gate in Rome, rendered so remarkable lately as having been the chief
+point attacked by the French troops, was formerly called Porta Aurelia;
+but was subsequently named Porta Pancrazio, after this youthful
+sufferer.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">  R. R. M.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Pallavicino and Count d'Olivarez</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 478.)</span>
+</h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Ferrante
+Pallavicino was descended from a noble family, seated in Placenza. He
+entered the monastery of Augustine Friars at Milan, where he became a
+regular canon of the Lateran congregation. He was a man of fine genius,
+and possessed great wit, but having employed it in writing several
+satirical pieces against Urban VIII. during the war between the
+Barberini and the Duke of Parma and Placenza, he became so detested at
+the court of Rome, that a price was set on his head. One Charles Morfu,
+a French villain, was bribed to ensnare him, and pretending to pass for
+his friend and pity his misfortunes, persuaded him to go to France,
+which he said would be much to his advantage. Pallavicino gave himself
+up entirely to the direction of this false friend, who conducted him
+over the bridge at Sorgues into the territory of Venaissin, where he was
+arrested by people suborned for that purpose, was carried to Avignon,
+thrown into a dungeon, from which he tried to make his escape, and in
+the year 1644, after a fourteen months' imprisonment, was beheaded in
+the flower of his age. He was the author of a number of small pieces,
+all of which are marked by the lively genius of the author. They were
+collected and published at Venice in 1655, and amongst them I found one
+entitled "La disgracia del Conte d'Olivarez," which, perhaps, may be the
+work
+M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">OULEY</span> has in MS.</p>
+
+<p>For a more lengthy account of this unhappy and extraordinary man, I
+would refer
+ M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">OULEY</span> to the life prefixed to his collected works, and
+to that prefixed to a French translation of his <i>Divortio celeste</i>,
+printed at Amsterdam in 1696; and also to the preface to the English
+translation of that same very curious work, printed at London in 1718.
+</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">     W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ROWN</span>, Jun.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Mind your P's and Q's</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 328. 357. 463.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;When I
+proposed this Query, I mentioned that I had heard one derivation of the
+phrase. As it is different from either of those
+<span class="pagenum">[524]</span><a id="either524"></a>
+ which have been
+sent, it may, perhaps, be worth insertion. I was told by a printer that
+the phrase had originated among those of his craft, since young
+compositors experience great difficulty in discriminating between the
+types of the two letters.</p>
+
+
+     <p class="right"> R. D. H.</p>
+
+
+<p>[A correspondent has kindly suggested a new version of this saying, and
+suggests that for the future our readers should be reminded to mind, not
+their P's and Q's, but their N's and Q's.]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Banks, Family of</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 390. 458.).</span></h4>
+
+
+<p>&mdash;In No. 81. R. C. H. H.
+asks if John Banks the philosopher was descended from Sir John Banks,
+Lord Chief Justice in Charles I.'s reign.
+
+As a grandson of the former, I take great interest in this, but am sorry
+to say that I can give no information at present on that branch of the
+subject. The philosopher's family were settled for some generations at
+Grange, near Keswick. I should be obliged if R. C. H. H. would
+communicate the name and publisher of the book on the Lakes which he
+quotes from, as I am exceedingly anxious to trace the genealogy.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">  B<span class="smcap lowercase">AY</span>.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="left">Liverpool, June 19. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>National Debts</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 374.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The following extract from <i>La
+Cronica di Giovanni Villani</i>, lib. xii. c. 35., appears to have some
+reference to the Query made by F.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;M.:</p>
+
+
+ <p class="blockquot">   "E nel detto mese di Febbraio, 1344, per lo comune si fece ordine,
+   che qualunque cittadino dovesse avere dal comune per le prestanze
+   fatte al tempo de' venti della balia, come addieto facemmo
+   menzione, che si trovarono fiorini cinquecento-settantamila
+   d'oro, sanza il debito di Messer Mastino della Scala, ch' erano
+   presso a centomila fiorini d'oro, che si mettessono in uno
+   registro ordinatemente; e dare il comune ogni anno di provvisione
+   e usufrutto cinque per centinaio, dando ogni mese la paga per
+   rata; e diputossi a fornire il detto guiderdone parte alla
+   gabella delle parti, e parte ad altre gabelle, che montava l'anno
+   da fiorini venticinque mila d'oro, dov' erano assegnate le paghe
+   di Messer Mastino; e pagato lui, fossone assignati alla detta
+   satisfazione; il quale Messer Mastino fu pagato del mese di
+   Dicembre per lo modo che diremo innanzi. E cominciossi la paga
+   della detta provvisione del mese d'Ottobre 1345."</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">   R. R. M.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Monte di Piet�</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 372.)</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In reply to your correspondent W.
+B. H., requesting to be informed of the connexion between a "Piet�" and
+a "Monte di Piet�," it may be observed that there does not appear to be
+any necessary connexion between the two expressions. The term "a Piet�"
+is generally used to denote the figure of the dead Saviour attended by
+His Blessed Mother: for example, the celebrated one in St. Peter's at
+Rome. The word "Monte," besides its signification of "montagna,"
+expresses also "luogo publico ove si danno oi si pigliano denari ad
+interesse;" also "luogo publico altres� dove col pegno si prestano
+denari con piccolo interesse."</p>
+
+<p>"Piet�," in addition to its signification of "devozione," or "virt� per
+cui si ama ed onora Dia," &amp;c., which would apply to the figure of the
+dead Saviour, expresses "compassione amorevole verso il suo simile."</p>
+
+
+<p>Monte di Piet� would therefore be a place where money was lent at
+interest, on such terms as were in unison with a kind and compassionate
+feeling towards our neighbour. This species of establishment was first
+commenced in Italy towards the end of the fifteenth century, by Il Beato
+Bernardino da Feltri, who carried his opposition to the Jews so far as
+to preach a crusade against them. The earliest Monte of which any record
+appears to exist was founded in the city of Padua in 1491; the effect of
+which was to cause the closing of twelve loan banks belonging to the
+Jews.</p>
+
+<p>From Italy they were shortly afterwards introduced into France.</p>
+
+<p>The first legal sanction given to these establishments was granted by
+Pope Leo X. in 1551.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">    R. R. M.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Registry of Dissenting Baptisms</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 370. 460.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;From the
+replies to my Query on this subject that have been published, it is
+plain that in all parts of England Dissenters have wished to procure the
+registry of their children's births or baptisms in their parish
+churches. In some instances they have been registered <i>as dissenting
+baptisms</i>; and then the fact appears from the Registry itself. In other
+instances, and probably far the more numerous (though this would be
+difficult to <i>prove</i>), they were registered among the canonical
+baptisms; and the fact of their being performed by Dissenting Ministers
+is only discoverable by reference to the Dissenting Register, when it
+happens to have been preserved. So in the instances referred to in p.
+370., the baptisms are registered without distinction from others in the
+Registry of St. Peter's Church, Chester; but a duplicate registry <i>as on
+the same day</i> was made at Cross Lane Meeting House, which is, I believe,
+not in St. Peter's parish; though, I presume, the residence of the
+parents was in it.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">  D. X.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Eisell</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., pp. 66. 397.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I am not aware that the following
+passage has been quoted by any of the disputants in the late "Eisell"
+controversy. It occurs in Jewel's <i>Controversy with Harding</i>, pp. 651-2.
+of vol. ii. of the Parker Society's edition of Jewel's works.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "A Christian man removeth his household, and, having there an
+   image of Christ, equal unto him in length, and breadth, and all
+   proportion, by forgetfulness leaveth it there in a secret place
+   behind him. A Jew after him inhabiteth the same house a long
+   while, and seeth it not; another strange Jew, sitting there at
+   dinner, immediately espieth it standing open against a
+<span class="pagenum">[525]</span><a id="against525"></a>
+   wall.... Afterward the priests and rulers of the Jews come
+   together, and abuse it with all villany. They crown it with a
+   thorn, make it drink <i>esel</i> and gall, and stick it to the heart
+   with a spear. Out issueth blood in great quantity, the powers of
+   Heaven are shaken; the sun is darkened; the moon loseth her
+   light."
+</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">   C<span class="smcap lowercase">UDYN</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">WYN</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>English Sapphics</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 494.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A beautiful specimen of this
+measure, far superior in rhythm to the attempt of Dr. Watts, appeared in
+the <i>Youth's Magazine</i> twenty-five years ago. It consisted of the Psalm
+"By the Waters of Babylon." I remember the last verse only.</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+     <p>"Dumb be my tuneful eloquence, if ever</p>
+     <p>Strange echoes answer to a song of Zion;</p>
+     <p>Blasted this right hand, if I should forget thee,</p>
+              <p class="i9">  Land of my fathers."</p>
+</div>
+
+
+  <p class="right"> H. E. H.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Mints at Norwich&mdash;Joseph Nobbs</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 447.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I beg to inform
+<span class="smcap lowercase">COWGILL</span> that the operation of the Mint of the Great Recoinage of 1696-7
+was performed in a room at St. Andrew's Hall, in this city; but the
+amount there coined, or at any of the other places mentioned, I am not
+able to inform him. The total amount said to be recoined was
+6,882,908<i>l.</i> 19<i>s.</i> 7<i>d.</i>
+</p>
+
+<table summary="Tower and Country Mints total amount of the Great Recoinage 1696-7">
+
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;�</th>
+<th class="center"><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s.</i></th>
+<th class="center"><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.</i></th>
+</tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdhang">The amount at the Tower</td>
+<td class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;5,091,121</td>
+<td class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;7</td>
+<td class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;7</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdhang">And in the Country Mints</td>
+<td class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;1,791,787 </td>
+<td class="center">12</td>
+<td class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;0</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td colspan="3" class="center">------------------------------------------</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="center">�6,882,908 </td>
+<td class="center">19</td>
+<td class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;7</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+<p>The following are the names of persons employed in the Mint at
+Norwich:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>Francis Gardener, Esq., Treasurer.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Moore, Gent., Warder; Thomas Allen, his clerk.</p>
+
+<p>Anthony Redhead, Gent., Master Worker; Mr. Beaser, his clerk.</p>
+
+<p>William Lamb, Comptroller; Mr. Samuel Oliver, his clerk.</p>
+
+<p>Heneage Price, Gent., King's clerk.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Rapier, Weigher and Teller.</p>
+
+<p>Henry Yaxley, Surveyor of the Meltings.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. John Young, Deputy Graver.</p>
+
+<p>John Seabrook, Provost, and Master of the Moneyers.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Hartstongue, Assay Master, and his servant.&mdash;His brother, Edger, and
+Lotterer of the Half-Crowns, Shillings, and Sixpences. It is said crowns
+were not struck here, and I have never seen one of this Mint.</p>
+
+<p>The whole of the work was finished here, September 29, 1698.</p>
+
+<p>In pulling up the floor of an old house, in Tombland, in 1847, a
+quantity of the silver coin minted here was discovered, which, from the
+appearance of the coins, were never in circulation: they were sold to
+Mr. Cooper, silversmith, in London Street, for about 20<i>l.</i> No doubt the
+coins were abstracted from the Mint during the process of coining.</p>
+
+<p>In the Register of Burials at St. Gregory's is the following entry, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.&nbsp;D.</span> 1717:</p>
+
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> "Joseph Nobbs, Parish Clerk of S<span class="topnum">t</span>. Gregory's, aged 89, was
+   buried Nov<span class="topnum">r</span>. 4, 1717, being the year following the last entry
+   in his Chronology. He was then 89 years of age, and, what is
+   somewhat remarkable, that is the age of the present Clerk of
+   S<span class="topnum">t</span> Gregory's."</p>
+
+     <p class="right">   G. H. I.</p>
+<p>P. S. Some other matters relative to this Mint are among my memoranda.</p>
+<p class="left">Norwich, June 16. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Voltaire, where situated</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 329.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Your correspondent V.
+is informed, that the following particulars on the subject of his Query
+are given in a note to the article "Voltaire," in Qu�rard's <i>France
+Litt�raire</i>, vol. x. p. 276.:&mdash;</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot">  "Voltaire est le nom d'un petit bien de famille, qui appartenait
+   � la m�re de l'auteur de la '<i>Henriade</i>,'&mdash;Marie Catherine
+   Daumart, d'une famille noble du Poitou."</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">   H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.</p>
+ <p class="left">  St. Lucia, May, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Meaning of Pilcher</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 476).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I must say I can see no
+difficulty at all about <i>pilcher</i>. If the <i>r</i> at the end makes it so
+strange a word, leave that out, and then you will have a word, as it
+seems, quite well established&mdash;<i>pylche</i>, toga pellice: Lye. Skinner
+thinks <i>pilchard</i> may be derived from it.</p>
+
+<p>"Pilch, an outer garment generally worn in cold weather, and made of
+skins of fur. 'Pelicium, a pylche.' (<i>Nominale MS.</i>) The term is still
+retained in connected senses in our dialects. 'A piece of flannel, or
+other woollen, put under a child next the clout is, in Kent, called a
+<i>pilch</i>; a coarse shagged piece of rug laid over a saddle, for ease of a
+rider, is, in our midland parts, called a pilch.' (<i>MS. Lansd.</i> 1033.)
+'Warme pilche and warme shon.' (<i>MS. Digby</i>, 86.) 'In our old dramatists
+the term is applied to a buff or leather jerkin; and Shakspeare has
+<i>pilcher</i> for the sheath of a sword." (Halliwell's <i>Dictionary</i>.)</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Pilche</i>, or <i>pilcher</i>, a scabbard, from <i>pylche</i>, a skin coat, Saxon.
+A pilche, or leather coat, seems to have been the common dress for a
+carman. Coles has 'a pilch for a saddle, instratum,' which explains that
+it was an external covering, and probably of leather. Kersey also calls
+it a covering for a saddle; but he likewise gives it the sense of 'a
+piece of flannel to be wrapt about a young child.' It seems, therefore,
+to have been used for any covering." (Nares' <i>Glossary</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   C. B.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Catalogues of Coins of Canute</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 326.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The following is
+a copy of the title-page of the work referred to by
+<span class="pagenum">[526]</span><a id="referred526"></a>
+ <ins title="[Greek:
+Boreas]">&#914;&#959;&#961;&#949;&#945;&#962;</ins>:&mdash;<i>A Catalogue of the Coins of Canute, King of Denmark and
+England; with Specimens.</i> London: Printed by W. Bowyer and J. Nichols.
+4to. 1777. It consists of twenty-four pages, and was compiled by Richard
+Gough, Esq.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">    J. Y.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Pontoppidan's Natural History of Norway</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 326.).</span></h4>
+
+ <p class="blockquot">  &mdash;An
+interesting notice of this work occurs in the <i>Retrospective Review</i>,
+vol. xiii., pp. 181-213.; but neither in that article nor in any
+bibliographical or biographical dictionary is the name of the translator
+given.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">    J. Y.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The First Panorama</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 406.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I have often heard my father
+say, that the first panorama exhibited was painted by Thomas Girtin, and
+was a semicircular view of London, from the top of the Albion Mills,
+near Blackfriars Bridge. It was exhibited in St. Martin's Lane, where,
+not many years back, I saw it, it having been found rolled up in a loft
+over a carpenter's shop. It was painted about 1793 or 1794, and my
+father has some of the original sketches.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">   E. N. W.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="left">  Southwark, June 2.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Written Sermons</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 478.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;If M. C. L. asks, when and why
+written sermons took the place of extemporaneous discourses, I believe
+it may be said that written sermons were first in vogue. Certainly, the
+inability of most men to preach "without book," would be sufficient to
+ensure their early introduction. According to Bingham (see <i>Ant. of the
+Christian Church</i>, book xiv. chap. 4.), Origen was the first who
+preached extemporaneously, and not until after he was sixty years old.
+The great divines of the time of the English Reformation preached both
+written and oral sermons: many of these, especially of the former, are
+included in their printed works. The same remark also applies to the
+early Fathers of the Church. The use of the homilies, which were drawn
+up for the ignorant clergy at the Reformation, at once gave a sanction
+to the practice of <i>writing</i> sermons. The story of the preacher turning
+over his hour-glass at Paul's Cross, and starting afresh, must of course
+refer to an <i>unwritten</i> discourse. Sermons, being explications of
+scripture, used to follow the reading of the psalms and lessons: now,
+for the same reason, they come after the epistle and gospel. In olden
+time, the bishop was the only preacher, going from church to church, as
+now-a-days<a id="days2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 2." href="#fn2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>, with the same sermon or charge; and he addressed the
+people from the altar steps: afterwards the priest, as his deputy,
+preached in the pulpit, but the deacons were not allowed to preach at
+all.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#days2" class="label">[2]</a> One of the highest dignitaries in our Church recently
+declined to print a sermon, as requested; because, he frankly said, he
+should want to preach it again.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Bogatsky</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 478.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The little work, so justly popular in
+England, under the title of Bogatsky's <i>Golden Treasury</i>, is by no means
+a literal translation of the original; but was almost entirely
+re-written by Venn, the author of the <i>Complete Duty of Man</i>. This I
+state on good authority, as I believe; but I have never seen the
+original.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> R. D. H.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span></h3>
+
+<p>Under the title of a <i>Hand-Book of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy:
+First Course&mdash;Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Sound,
+Optics</i>, Dr. Lardner has just issued a small closely printed volume with
+the object of supplying that "information relating to physical and
+mechanical science, which is required by the medical and law student,
+the engineer and artisan, by those who are preparing for the
+universities, and, in short, by those who, having already entered upon
+the active pursuits of business, are still desirous to sustain and
+improve their knowledge of the general truths of physics, and of those
+laws by which the order and stability of the material world are
+maintained." The work, which is illustrated with upwards of four hundred
+woodcuts, is extremely well adapted for the object in question; and
+will, we have no doubt, obtain, as it deserves, a very extensive
+circulation among the various classes of readers for whose use it has
+been composed; and, in short, among all readers who desire to obtain a
+knowledge of the elements of physics without pursuing them through their
+mathematical consequences and details. The illustrations are generally
+of a popular character, and therefore the better calculated to impress
+upon the mind of the student the principles they are intended to
+explain.</p>
+
+<p>The new volume of Mr. Bohn's <i>Standard Library</i> consists of the third of
+Mr. Torrey's translation of Dr. Neander's <i>General History of the
+Christian Religion and Church</i>. The period included in the present
+division of this important contribution to ecclesiastical history
+extends from the end of the Diocletian persecution to the time of
+Gregory the Great, or from the year 312 to 590. A translation of <i>The
+Fasti, Tristia, Pontic Epistles, Ibis and Halieuticon of Ovid</i>, with
+copious notes by Henry T. Riley, B.A., is the last addition made by Mr.
+Bohn to his <i>Classical Library</i>. Though these translations furnish very
+imperfect pictures of the manner and style of the original writers, they
+supply the mere English reader with a good general notion of their
+matter, especially when they are as copiously annotated as the work
+before us.</p>
+
+<p>We are informed that, in consequence of the great care and delicacy
+which is found to be required in the presswork of the <i>Lansdowne
+Shakspeare</i>, a beautiful volume, unique as a specimen of the art of
+typography, the publication will be unavoidably postponed for a few
+weeks.</p>
+
+<p>Messrs. Sotheby and Co. (3. Wellington Street, Strand) will commence, on
+Wednesday next, a seven days' sale of the valuable Library of the date
+Rev. Dr. Penrose, which is particularly rich in books illustrated
+<span class="pagenum">[527]</span><a id="illustrated527"></a>
+
+with engravings.</p>
+
+<p>B<span class="smcap lowercase">OOKS</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.&mdash;<i>Illustrations of Medi�val Costume in England, &amp;c.</i>,
+by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines: Part IV., illustrating what the editors
+call the "medi�val foppery" of Richard II. and his court.&mdash;<i>The
+Traveller's Library, No. IV.</i>, <i>Sir Roger de Coverley, by "The
+Spectator," with Notes and Illustrations, by W. Henry Wills.</i> A
+delightful shilling's worth, well calculated to make the traveller a
+wiser and better man.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br />
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span>
+</h3>
+
+
+<ul>
+<li>W<span class="smcap lowercase">AAGEN'S</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">OUR IN</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLAND</span>.</li>
+
+<li>A<span class="smcap lowercase">RTHUR</span> Y<span class="smcap lowercase">OUNG'S</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">RAVELS IN</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RANCE</span>.</li>
+
+<li>A<span class="smcap lowercase">RTHUR</span> Y<span class="smcap lowercase">OUNG'S</span>  T<span class="smcap lowercase">RAVELS IN</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">TALY</span>.</li>
+
+<li>B<span class="smcap lowercase">ORLAND'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF THE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLONY OF</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ARIAN</span>.</li>
+
+<li>A<span class="smcap lowercase">LBERT</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">UNEL</span>, a Novel in 3 Vols.</li>
+
+<li>D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. A<span class="smcap lowercase">DAMS'</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMON ON THE </span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">BLIGATION OF</span> V<span class="smcap lowercase">IRTUE</span>. Any edition.</li>
+
+<li>E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGRAVED</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTRAITS OF</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ISHOP</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UTLER</span>.</li>
+
+<li>R<span class="smcap lowercase">ETROSPECTIVE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EVIEW</span>. Vol. IV.</li>
+
+<li>D<span class="smcap lowercase">ENS'</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOLOGIA</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORALIS ET</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">OGMATICA</span>. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.</li>
+
+<li>M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARLBOROUGH</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ISPATCHES</span>. Volumes IV. and V.</li>
+
+<li>A<span class="smcap lowercase">RT</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">OURNAL</span>, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.</li>
+
+<li>B<span class="smcap lowercase">ULWER'S</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OVELS</span>. 12mo. Published at 6<i>s.</i> per Vol. Pilgrims of the Rhine, Alice, and Zanoni.</li>
+
+<li>S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHANI</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HESAURUS</span>. Valpy. Parts I., II. X. XI. and XXIX.</li>
+
+<li>K<span class="smcap lowercase">IRBY'S</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RIDGEWATER</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">REATISE</span>. 2 Vols.</li>
+
+<li>The <i>Second Vol.</i> of C<span class="smcap lowercase">HAMBERS'</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">YCLOP�DIA OF</span>  E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLISH</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ITERATURE</span>.</li>
+
+<li>M<span class="smcap lowercase">ITFORD'S </span>H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">REECE</span>, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols. Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume <i>Eight</i> wanted.</li>
+
+<li>L'A<span class="smcap lowercase">BB� DE</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">AINT</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">IERRE</span>,  P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROJET DE</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">AIX</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ERPETUELLE</span>. 3 Vols. 12mo. Utrecht, 1713.</li>
+
+<li>A<span class="smcap lowercase">IKIN'S</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ELECT</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS OF THE </span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RITISH</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">OETS</span>. 10 Vols. 24mo. Published by Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.</li>
+
+<li>C<span class="smcap lowercase">AXTON'S </span>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EYNARD THE</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">OX</span> (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.</li>
+
+<li>C<span class="smcap lowercase">RESPET</span>, P<span class="smcap lowercase">ERE</span>. Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits contre l'Homme. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.</li>
+
+<li>C<span class="smcap lowercase">HEVALIER</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">AMSAY</span>, E<span class="smcap lowercase">SSAI DE</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">OLITIQUE</span>, o� l'on traite de la N�cessit�, de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des diff�rentes Formes de la Souverainet�, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de T�l�maque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.</li>
+
+<li>The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de F�n�lon," 12mo. Londres, 1721.</li>
+
+<li>T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">RY OF THE</span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">PPRESSED</span>, being a True and Tragical Account of the unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &amp;c. London, 1691. 12mo.</li>
+
+<li>M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARKHAM'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RANCE</span>. Vol. II. 1830.</li>
+
+<li>M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARKHAM'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLAND</span>. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.</li>
+
+<li>J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES'S</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">AVAL</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY</span>. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.</li>
+
+<li>H<span class="smcap lowercase">UME'S </span>H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLAND</span>. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.</li>
+
+<li>R<span class="smcap lowercase">USSELL'S</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">UROPE, FROM THE </span>P<span class="smcap lowercase">EACE OF</span> U<span class="smcap lowercase">TRECHT</span>. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.</li>
+
+<li>C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARE'S</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">URAL</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">USE</span>.</li>
+
+<li>W<span class="smcap lowercase">ATT'S</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">IBLIOTHECA</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RITANNICA</span>, Part V. 4to.</li>
+
+<li>S<span class="smcap lowercase">TRUTT'S</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ANNERS AND</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">USTOMS</span>. Vol. II. 4to.</li>
+
+<li>O<span class="smcap lowercase">LD</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLEY</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ESSIONS</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">APERS</span>, 1744 To 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.</li>
+
+<li>C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLDEN'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF THE </span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">IVE </span>I<span class="smcap lowercase">NDIAN</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">ATIONS OF</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ANADA</span>. Vol. I. 12mo. Lond. 1755.</li>
+
+<li>H<span class="smcap lowercase">EARNE</span> (T.) L<span class="smcap lowercase">ELAND'S</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">TINERARY</span>. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.</li>
+
+<li>H<span class="smcap lowercase">ORACE</span>-O<span class="smcap lowercase">RELLIUS</span>. 2 Vols.</li>
+
+<li>D'A<span class="smcap lowercase">RBLAY'S</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">IARY</span>. Vol. III.</li>
+
+<li>W<span class="smcap lowercase">AAGEN'S</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS OF</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RT AND</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RTISTS IN</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLAND</span>. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.</li>
+
+<li>S<span class="smcap lowercase">MYTH'S </span>(P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROF</span>. W.) L<span class="smcap lowercase">ECTURES ON </span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ODERN</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY</span>. 3rd Edit. 2 Vols. 8vo. 1811.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p class="indh6"><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+free</i>, to be sent to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186.
+Fleet Street.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Notices to Correspondents.</span></h3>
+
+<p><i>We this week conclude our Third Volume, and regret that want of space
+has compelled us to omit from the present Number the</i> Rev. Dr. Todd's
+<i>Letter on the Edition of Ussher's Works;</i> C. <i>on "The Lord Mayor of
+London not a Privy Councillor;" and many other communications of great
+interest; and we have to trust to the kindness of our Correspondents for
+omitting our usual acknowledgment of</i> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>
+ R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.</p>
+
+<p>T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">NDEX TO </span>
+V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLUME THE</span>
+T<span class="smcap lowercase">HIRD</span> <i>is ready for Press. It will be issued on
+Saturday the 12th, if not ready by next Saturday.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>The commencement of a New Volume on Saturday next affords a favourable
+opportunity to gentlemen resident in the country to commence the work.
+The Subscription for the Stamped Edition of</i> "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> " <i>is ten
+shillings for six months, which may be paid by Post-Office Order, drawn
+in favour of our Publisher</i>, M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>.
+ G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+</p>
+
+<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">IRCULATION OF OUR </span>
+P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSPECTUSES BY </span>
+C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORRESPONDENTS</span>. <i>The suggestion of</i>
+T. E. H.<i>, that by way of hastening the period when we shall be
+justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should
+forward copies of our</i> Prospectus <i>to correspondents who would kindly
+enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of
+literature, to become subscribers to</i> "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> ," <i>has already
+been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are
+greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for
+this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist
+towards increasing our circulation.</i></p>
+
+<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS</span>. I. <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very copious Index, may still be had,
+price</i> 9<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> <i>each</i>.</p>
+
+<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>  <i>may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &amp;c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive</i>
+N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>
+ <i>in their Saturday parcels</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>  <i>should be
+addressed to the care of</i> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR JULY</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">   contains the following articles: 1. The Present State of English
+   Historical Literature: the Record Offices; 2. Bill for King
+   Charles's Pedestal at Charing Cross; 3. Anecdotes from the
+   Day-books of Dr. Henry Sampson; 4. The Infinity of Geometric
+   Design (with Engravings); 5. Christian Iconography, by J. G.
+   Walter: Principalities, Archangels, and Angels (with Engravings);
+   6. Companions of my Solitude; 7. Mr. P. Cunningham's Story of
+   Nell Gwyn, Chapter VII. (with Portraits of her two Sons); 8.
+   Sussex Arch�ology (with Engravings); 9. Horace Walpole and Mason;
+   10. National Education; With Notes of the Month, Review of New
+   Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Societies,
+   and Obituary, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shaftesbury, the
+   Earl of Cottenham, Right Hon. R. L. Shiel, Rev. W. M. Kinsey,
+   Mrs. Shelley, Mr. Dowton, and other eminent persons recently
+   deceased. Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">N<span class="smcap lowercase">ICHOLS AND</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ON</span>, Parliament Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">LITERARY AGENCY.&mdash;M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>.
+F. G. T<span class="smcap lowercase">OMLINS</span>
+ (Secretary to the Shakespeare
+Society; Author of "A Brief View of the English Drama," "A Variorum
+History of England," "Garcia, a Tragedy," "The Topic," "The
+Self-Educator," &amp;c. &amp;c.) </p>
+
+<p class="noindent">is desirous to make it known that a Twenty
+years' experience with the Press and Literature, as Author and
+Publisher, enables him to give advice and information to Authors,
+Publishers and Persons wishing to communicate with the Public, either as
+to the Editing, Advertising, or Authorship of Books, Pamphlets, or
+Literary productions of any kind. Opinions obtained on manuscripts
+previous to publication, and Works edited, written, or supervised for
+the Press by acknowledged writers in their various departments.</p>
+
+<p class="center">OFFICE, 19. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND,</p>
+
+<p class="indh">Where Works of Reference for Literary purposes may be obtained or referred to.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">Chippenham, Wilts.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">MR. F. ALEXANDER has been favoured with instructions to prepare for SALE
+by AUCTION, on the Premises, on TUESDAY, the 1st of July, 1851, and two
+following days, commencing at 12 o'clock each day precisely, the
+Valuable and Select Library of Mr. John Provis, of Chippenham,
+comprising 3,500 Volumes, including many Works of great value. Among
+those remarkable for their rarity, &amp;c., will be found a fine copy of
+Purchas's Pilgrimes, 5 vols., 1625; Nuremburg Chronicle, 1493; Dante,
+printed at Rome, 1487; Coverdale's Bible, 1539; Cranmer's Bible, 1585;
+Mus�e Fran�ais, 4 vols.; Chaucer's Works; Philosophical Transactions, 88
+vols.; Houbraken's Heads, &amp;c., &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>May be viewed two days previous to the Sale, by Catalogues only (6<i>d.</i>
+each), which may be obtained five days prior to the sale, of M<span class="smcap lowercase">ESSRS</span>.
+W<span class="smcap lowercase">ICKHAM</span> &amp; Y<span class="smcap lowercase">ELLAND</span>, 163. Strand, London; at the White Hart Hotel,
+Bristol; Castle Hotel, Bath; Star Hotel, Oxford; Royal Hotel,
+Cheltenham; Bear Inn, Devizes; and of the Auctioneer, Chippenham.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">FOR EVERY CHILD IN THE KINGDOM.</p>
+
+<p>On 1st July, 1851, Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, an Enduring Record, full of
+Interesting Details&mdash;Vivid Descriptions&mdash;Moral Sentiments&mdash;and Beautiful
+Pictures, entitled</p>
+
+    <p class="center2">  LITTLE HENRY'S HOLIDAY</p>
+   <p class="center">   AT</p>
+    <p class="center2"> THE GREAT EXHIBITION,</p>
+
+<p class="center">By the Editor of "P<span class="smcap lowercase">LEASANT</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">AGES</span>."</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot cap">PLEASANT PAGES.&mdash;D<span class="smcap lowercase">OUBLE</span>
+ N<span class="smcap lowercase">UMBERS</span> are now publishing, containing a Course
+of "OBJECT LESSONS" from the Great Exhibition.&mdash;Volume II. is just out.
+Third Edition of Volume I. is now ready.</p>
+
+<p class="center">London: H<span class="smcap lowercase">OULSTON AND</span>
+S<span class="smcap lowercase">TONEMAN</span>; and all Booksellers.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<p class="center">VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.</p>
+
+<p>Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting the
+policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as
+fully detailed in the prospectus.</p>
+
+<p class="center">A. S<span class="smcap lowercase">CRATCHLEY</span>, M.A.,</p>
+
+<p>Actuary and Secretary: Author of "Industrial Investment and Emigration;
+being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &amp;c."
+Price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">London: J. W. P<span class="smcap lowercase">ARKER</span>, West Strand.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="indh">Nearly ready, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by
+Special Permission to</p>
+
+<p class="center">THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by
+the Very Rev. H. H. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ILMAN</span>, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged
+for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for
+the Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF
+CHANTING, by J. B. SALE. Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty.
+4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25<i>s.</i> To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE,
+21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post
+Office Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal
+Booksellers and Music Warehouses.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our
+Church and Cathedral Service."&mdash;<i>Times.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+country."&mdash;<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."&mdash;<i>Musical
+World.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting of
+a very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared."&mdash;<i>John
+Bull.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">Also, lately published,</p>
+
+<p>J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel
+Royal St. James, price 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">C. L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONSDALE</span>, 26. Old Bond Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">Now ready, price 28<i>s.</i>, cloth boards, Volumes III. and IV. of</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND. By E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span>
+F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span>, F.S.A. Comprehending the period
+from Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to 1485.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Lately published, price 28<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLUMES</span> I. and II. of the same Work; from the Conquest to the end of
+Henry III., 1066 to 1272.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated
+with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss
+has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many
+errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it
+successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation;
+and such taste and judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion
+requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to
+his work as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical
+history."&mdash;<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">London: L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONGMAN</span>, B<span class="smcap lowercase">ROWN</span>,
+G<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>, and L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONGMANS</span>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">In fcap. 8vo., price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, a Third Series of</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot cap">PLAIN SERMONS, addressed to a Country Congregation. By the late Rev.
+E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">LENCOWE</span>, Curate of Teversal, Notts, and formerly Fellow of Oriel
+College, Oxford.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Also,</p>
+
+<p class="center">A NEW EDITION OF THE FIRST SERIES,</p>
+<p class="noindent"> and a SECOND EDITION of the SECOND
+SERIES, price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Their style is simple, the sentences are not artfully constructed, and
+there is an utter absence of all attempt at rhetoric. The language is
+plain Saxon language, from which 'the men on the wall' can easily gather
+what it most concerns them to know."&mdash;<i>Theologian.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"The numerous possessors of Mr. Blencowe's former plain but excellent
+volumes will be glad to receive the third series of his Plain Sermons,
+addressed to a Country Congregation, similar in character and texture to
+the two series which have preceded it."&mdash;<i>Guardian.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">London: G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES; or, Select Specimens of Early and
+Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the Purest Late Pointed
+Examples, illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span>
+B<span class="smcap lowercase">OWMAN</span> and J. S. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROWTHER</span>, Architects,
+Manchester. To be completed in
+Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, imperial folio. Price 9<i>s.</i>,
+plain; 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> tinted; proofs, large paper, 12<i>s.</i> each. Issued at
+intervals of Two months. Thirteen parts now published.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"We can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily recommend the
+series to all who are able to patronize it."&mdash;<i>Ecclesiologist.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">London: G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186.
+Fleet Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">GOTHIC ORNAMENTS: being a Series of Examples of Enriched Details and
+Accessories of the Architecture of Great Britain. Drawn from existing
+Authorities. By J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> K. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLING</span>,
+Architect. In 2 vols. royal 4to.,
+price 7<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> in appropriate cloth binding, containing 209 plates,
+nearly 50 of which illustrate the existing finely painted and gilt
+decorations of the Cathedrals and Churches of the Middle Ages. The work
+may be also had in numbers, price 3<i>s</i>., or in parts, together or
+separately.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"The completion of this elaborate work affords us an opportunity of
+doing justice to its great merits. It was necessary to the appreciation
+of the characteristics and the beauties of Gothic architecture, that
+some more extensive series of illustrations should be given to the
+world. Until the appearance of this work, that of Pugin was the only one
+of any importance and accuracy."&mdash;<i>Architectural Quarterly Review.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">London: G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">EXAMPLES OF ANTIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and drawn from
+Sketches and measurements taken on the Spot, with descriptive
+Letter-press. By F<span class="smcap lowercase">RANCIS</span> T. D<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLMAN</span>, Architect. Royal 4to., cloth, price
+2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">London: G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186.
+Fleet Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="indh">Second Edition, 4to., having the plates of the Tesselated Pavements all
+coloured, 25<i>s.</i>, 8vo., plain, 15<i>s.</i>
+</p>
+<p class="noindent cap">ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE REMAINS OF ROMAN ART. By Professor B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCKMAN</span>, F.L.S.,
+F.G.S., and C. H. N<span class="smcap lowercase">EWMARCH</span>, Esq.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A work which will not only gratify the antiquary by its details, and
+the beauty and fidelity of its engravings, but enable the general reader
+to picture to himself the social condition of Corinium when garrisoned
+by Roman cohorts."&mdash;<i>Notes and Queries.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"A handsome book, of much research, where the various topics are fully
+and carefully handled, in a conscientious spirit. There are also
+well-executed fac-similes of the chief objects and mosaic
+designs."&mdash;<i>Spectator.</i></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"The field successfully explored by Professor Buckman and Mr. Newmarch
+has produced a series, unique perhaps in Britain, of those interesting
+decorations in mosaic work which so strikingly evince, in this remote
+colony, the power of Roman art."&mdash;<i>Journal of the Arch�ological
+Institute.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">London: G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186.
+ Fleet Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">Just published, and may be had for the Postage, Six Stamps,</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN ECCLESIASTICAL and MONASTIC HISTORY and
+BIOGRAPHY, ANTIQUITIES, COUNCILS, &amp;c., comprising the best works on
+these subjects, and interspersed with general and secular history, with
+a Classified Index.</p>
+
+<p class="center">C. J. S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEWART</span>, 11. King William Street, West Strand, London.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p class="indh">Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, June 28, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="tnbox">
+<p>Transcriber's Note: Original spelling varieties have not been standardized.</p>
+
+<p><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages
+ in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-III</a> </p>
+
+
+<pre>
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1-15  | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17-32  | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33-48  | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49-64  | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65-79  | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81-96  | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |  1-15   | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  | 17-31   | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  | 33-47   | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  | 49-78   | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 | 81-95   | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 | 97-111  | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number
+87, June 28, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 28, 1851 ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 87,
+June 28, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 87, June 28, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 23, 2011 [EBook #37516]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 28, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in
+brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on
+top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. Original
+spelling varieties have not been standardized. A list of volumes and
+pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+NOTES and QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. III.--No. 87. SATURDAY, JUNE 28. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+      On the proposed Scheme for preserving a Record of Existing
+      Monuments                                                  513
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IX.: Astronomical Evidence
+      of True Date of Canterbury Pilgrimage                      515
+
+      Curious Epigrams on Oliver Cromwell, by J. Friswell        515
+
+      Folk Lore:--Popular Superstitions in Lancashire--Folk Lore
+      in Lancashire--Lancashire Customs--Od--Pigeons             516
+
+      Minor Notes:--Lord Nelson's Dress and Sword at
+      Trafalgar--Crucifix of Mary Queen of Scots--Jonah
+      and the Whale--Anachronisms of Painters                    517
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Minor Queries:--Rifles--Stanbridge Earls--Montchesni
+      or Muncey Family--Epitaph on Voltaire--Passage in
+      Coleridge's Table Talk--"Men may live Fools, but Fools
+      they cannot die"--Etymology of Bicetre--Theobald
+      Anguilbert and Michael Scott--"Suum cuique tribuere," &c.  518
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Organs first put up in
+      Churches--Ignoramus, Comoedia, &c.--Drake's Historia
+      Anglo-Scotica                                              518
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Corpse passing makes a Right of Way, by C. H. Cooper       519
+
+      Dozen of Bread; Baker's Dozen, by J. B. Colman             520
+
+      Mosaic                                                     521
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Prenzie--Lady Flora Hastings'
+      Bequest--Arches of Pelaga--Engraved Warming-pans--St.
+      Pancras--Pallavicino and Count d'Olivarez--Mind your
+      P's and Q's--Banks Family--National Debts--Monte di
+      Pieta--Registry of Dissenting Baptisms--Eisell--English
+      Sapphics--Mints at Norwich--Joseph Nobbs--Voltaire,
+      where situated--Meaning of Pilcher--Catalogues of Coins
+      of Canute--Pontoppidan's Natural History of Norway--The
+      First Panorama--Written Sermons--Bogatsky                  522
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     526
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               527
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  527
+
+      Advertisements                                             527
+
+
+
+
+ON THE PROPOSED SCHEME FOR PRESERVING A RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS.
+
+
+  The following letters, which we have received since we last
+  brought the proposed scheme for preserving a record of existing
+  monuments under the notice of our readers, afford a striking proof
+  how widely the interest in the subject is extending.
+
+  We print them now, partly because the Number of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES" now in the reader's hands completes the present volume,
+  and it is desirable that the various communications upon this
+  point should, as far as possible, be found together; and partly
+  because the time is at hand when many of our readers may have the
+  opportunity, during their summer excursions, of following out the
+  plan described by our valued correspondent YORK HERALD in the
+  following letter:--
+
+References to this subject having appeared in your valuable miscellany,
+I am unwilling to lose an opportunity it affords me of throwing in my
+mite of contribution towards the means of preserving monumental
+inscriptions. It may be better perhaps, to state the humble method I
+adopt in attempting to rescue from oblivion those memorials of the dead,
+than to suggest any. I avail myself of occasions, whenever I visit the
+country, to take notes of monumental inscriptions in churches and other
+places of sepulture; generally of all within the walls of the sacred
+edifice, and those of the principal tombs in the surrounding graveyard.
+Time very often will not allow me to take _verbatim_ copies of
+inscriptions; so I merely transcribe faithfully every date, genealogical
+note, and prominent event recorded upon monuments; omitting all
+circumlocution and mere eulogistical epitaphs. By this means, much time
+and labour are saved, and much useful and valuable information is
+secured. I should prefer taking exact copies, or even drawings of the
+most remarkable monuments; but this would occupy much time, and narrow
+the means of collecting; and by which I should have lost much that is
+valuable and interesting; copies, howsoever much they would have been
+desirable, would not possess the character of legal evidence. Thus, upon
+mere incidental occasions, I have collected sepulchral memorials from
+many churches in various parts of the country; and, in some instances,
+all contained in the village church, and the adjacent burying-ground. I
+have frequently found also that preserving an account of the relative
+positions of gravestones is important; especially when groups of family
+memorials occur in the same locality. I need scarcely add that I
+preserve memoranda of all armorial insignia found upon tombs and
+hatchments, forming a collection of arms borne by various families; and
+whether they stand the test of authority or not, at all events such
+information is useful.
+
+What store of information might be obtained, by persons having leisure
+and inclination to pursue such an object, by the simple means of an
+ordinary pocket-memorandum-book!
+
+    Thomas William King.
+
+  Our next communication, from the Rev. Canon Raines, is valuable,
+  as showing that unless some limit is placed to the antiquarian
+  ardour of those who would "collect and record every existing
+  monumental inscription," the historical and genealogical inquirer
+  will be embarrassed by a mass of materials in which, like
+  Gratiano's reasons, the two grains of wheat will be hid in two
+  bushels of chaff--a mass, indeed, which, from its extent, would
+  require to be deposited with the Registrar-General, and arranged
+  by the practised hands of his official staff.
+
+MR. DUNKIN'S proposed record of existing monuments will be, if carried
+into effect, a very useful contribution to genealogists. Many years
+since I transcribed all the inscriptions _inside_ the parish church of
+Rochdale, in Lancashire; but I never contemplated the possibility of any
+antiquary having the ardour to undertake a similar _task outside_. There
+are many thousands of gravestones, covering some _acres_; and I have
+understood that when one side of a grave-stone has been covered with
+inscriptions, the stone has been turned upside down, and the sculptor
+has again commenced his endless work on the smooth surface. In a great
+majority of these frail records nothing would be obtained which the
+parish register could not supply.
+
+    F. R. RAINES.
+
+  Milnrow Parsonage, Rochdale, June 4.
+
+  Our correspondent from Bruges furnishes, like YORK HERALD,
+  valuable evidence as to what individual exertion may accomplish;
+  and we are sure, that if he will take the trouble of securing,
+  while he has the opportunity, a copy of the inscriptions in the
+  cemetery allotted to the English at Bruges, confining himself
+  merely to the names, dates, and genealogical information contained
+  in them, and will then deposit his collections either in the
+  Library of the Society of Antiquaries, or the Manuscript
+  Department of the British Museum, he will not only be setting a
+  good example to all antiquaries who may reside in any of the
+  cities of the Continent, but earn for himself hereafter the thanks
+  of many an anxious inquirer after genealogical truth.
+
+The communications made in your interesting "NOTES AND QUERIES" have
+occasioned me much gratification, and if it be in my power to contribute
+but a mite to this rich treasury of information, I should consider it a
+privilege to be allowed to do so. To show that I am actuated by a
+kindred spirit, permit me to inform you, that a few years ago I
+undertook the formation of a desultory collection of "memorials of the
+ancient dead," and with that view corresponded with several hundred
+clergymen, inviting their local assistance; and I need scarcely add that
+a prompt and courteous attention to my wishes, encouraged my labours,
+and accomplished (so far as time and opportunity permitted) my object.
+It will be obvious that I had no intention of aiming at specimens in the
+higher department of monumental art, which have been so ably executed by
+Gough, Stothard, Neale, and others, but to content myself with those
+humbler efforts of skill which lay neglected and sometimes buried in
+holes and corners in many a rural church in remote districts.
+
+The result has put me in possession of a collection of about three
+hundred illustrations, consisting of pen-and-ink outlines, pencil
+sketches, Indian ink drawings, and some more highly finished paintings
+in water colour; and in addition to these, upwards of two hundred
+autograph letters from clergymen, many of which contain not only
+inscriptions, but interesting parochial and topographical information.
+
+The illustrations I have arranged (as well as I am able) in centuries,
+commencing with the plain cope lid of the eleventh century, according to
+the plan adopted by M. H. Bloxam, Esq., in his admirable treatise
+modestly intitled _A Glimpse at the Monumental Architecture and
+Sculpture of Great Britain_. The volume made for their reception is an
+atlas-folio, guarded; on one leaf is inserted the drawing, on the other
+the letter (if any) which accompanied it, to which are added a few brief
+memoranda of my own: it is still, however, in an unfinished state.
+
+The book is a very cumbrous one, so that its transmission would be no
+very easy task; if, however, it should be thought desirable, and the
+practicability explained, I shall have much pleasure in placing its
+contents at the disposal of any one engaged in following out the plan
+proposed.
+
+Allow me to add that, about a mile distant from the quaint and
+interesting city from whence this "note" is dated (and in which I have
+resided for some time), we come to the cemetery, a portion of which is
+allotted to the interment of those English residents, or visitors, who
+may have terminated their earthly career at this place. Should a copy of
+the inscriptions in this receptacle (which are numerous) be acceptable,
+I will endeavour to procure one; but in this case I should be glad to
+know whether these extracts should be confined to names, dates, and
+genealogical information only, or include the various tributes of
+affection or of friendship, by which they are generally accompanied.
+
+    M. W. B.
+
+  Bruges.
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. IX.
+
+_The Astronomical Evidence of the True Date of the Canterbury
+Pilgrimage._
+
+As a conclusion to my investigation of this subject, I wish to place
+upon record the astronomical results on which I have relied in the
+course of my observations; in order that their correctness may be open
+to challenge, and that each reader may compare the actual phenomena,
+rigidly ascertained with all the helps that modern science affords, with
+the several approximations arrived at by Chaucer. And when it is
+recollected that some at least of the facts recorded by him must have
+been theoretical--incapable of the test of actual observation--it must
+be admitted that his near approach to truth is remarkable: not the less
+so that his ideas on some points were certainly erroneous; as, for
+example, his adoption, in the _Treatise on the Astrolabe_, of Ptolemy's
+determination of the obliquity of the ecliptic in preference to the more
+correct value assigned to it by the Arabians of the middle ages.
+
+Assuming that the true date intended by Chaucer was Saturday the 18th of
+April, 1388, the following particulars of that day are those which have
+reference to his description:--
+
+                                                            H.    M.
+
+      Right       { Of the Sun at noon -                     2 . 17.2
+      Ascension   { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.                  12 .  5.7
+                  { Of the star ([Greek: delta] Virginis)   12 . 25
+
+                                                            deg.  '
+      North       { Of the Sun at noon -                    13 . 47.5
+      Declination { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.                   4 . 49.8
+                  { Of the star ([Greek: delta] Virginis)    6 . 43.3
+
+                                             deg.  '
+
+                  { Of the Sun at 10 a. m.   45 . 15
+      Altitude    { Of the Sun at 4 p. m.    29 . 15
+                  { Of the Moon at 4 p. m.    4 . 53
+                  { Of the star at 4 p. m.    4 . 20
+
+      Azimuth -     Of the Sun at rising -  112 . 30
+
+                                                   H.  M.
+
+                  { Of the Sun at half Azimuth     9 . 17 a. m.
+                  { Of the Sun at altitude 45 deg. 9 . 58 a. m.
+      Apparent    { Of the Sun at altitude 29 deg. 4 .  2 p. m.
+      Time        { Of apparent entrance
+                  { of Moon's centre into Libra    3 . 45 p. m.
+
+It will be seen that, if the place here assigned to the moon be correct,
+Chaucer could not have described it more appropriately than by the
+phrase "In mene Libra:" providing (of which there can be little doubt)
+that he used those words as synonymous with "in hedde of Libra." "Hedde
+of Libra," "hedde of Aries," are expressions constantly used by him to
+describe the equinoctial points; and the analogy that exists between
+"head," in the sense head-land or promontory, as, for example, "Orme's
+Head," "Holyhead," "Lizard Head," and the like; and "menez" in the same
+sense, need not be further insisted upon. Evidence fully sufficient to
+justify a much less obvious inference has been already produced, and I
+am enabled to strengthen it still further by the following reference,
+for which I am indebted to a private communication from H. B. C.
+
+   "Menez, _s. m._ Grande masse de terre, ou de roche, fort elevee
+   au-dessus du sol de la terre.
+
+   "Mean, ou Maen, _s. m._ Pierre, corps dur et solide qui se forme
+   dans la terre.
+
+   "(En Treguier et Cornouailes), MENE."
+
+   (Gonidec, _Dictionnaire Celto-Breton_.
+   Angouleme, 1821.)
+
+This last reference is doubly valuable, in referring the word _mene_ to
+the very neighbourhood of the scene of Chaucer's "Frankleine's Tale,"
+and in dispensing with the terminal letter _z_, thereby giving us the
+_verbum ipsissimum_ used by Chaucer.
+
+I must not be understood as entertaining the opinion that Chaucer's
+knowledge of astronomy--although undoubtedly great, considering the age
+in which he lived and the nature of his pursuits--would have enabled him
+to determine the moon's true place, with such correctness, wholly from
+theory; on the contrary, I look upon it as more probably the result of
+real observation at the time named, and, as such, adding another link to
+the chain of presumptive evidence that renders it more probable that
+Chaucer wrote the prologues to his _Canterbury Tales_ more as a
+narration (_with some embellishments_) of events that really took place,
+than that they were altogether the work of his imagination.
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+  Leeds, June, 1851.
+
+
+CURIOUS EPIGRAMS ON OLIVER CROMWELL.
+
+Looking carefully over a curious copy of the _Flagellum, or the Life and
+Death, Birth and Buriall of O. Cromwell, the late Usurper_, printed for
+Randal Taylor, 1672, I found on the back of the title the following
+epigrams, written in a handwriting and ink corresponding to the date of
+the book (which, by the way, is a late edition of the "little brown
+lying book," by Heath, which Carlyle notices): as they are curious and
+worth preserving, and I believe not to be met with elsewhere, I presume
+they may be of some interest to your readers. The book is also full of
+MS. marginal notes and remarks, evidently by some red-hot royalist,
+which are also curious in themselves, and with a selection of which I
+may some day trouble you should you wish it.
+
+  _Under Gen. Cromwell's Picture, hung up in the Royal Exchange,
+  these Lines were written._
+
+      "Ascend ye Throne Greate Captaine and Divine
+      By th' will of God, oh Lyon, for they'r thine;
+      Come priest of God, bring oyle, bring Robes, bring Golde,
+      Bring crowns, bring scepters, 'tis high time t' unfold
+      Yor cloyster'd Buggs, yor State cheates, Lifte ye Rod
+      Of Steele, of Iron, of the King of God,--
+      Pay all in wrath with interest. Kneeling pray
+      To Olivr Torch of Syon, Starr of Day.
+      Shoute then you Townds and Cyties, loudly Sing,
+      And all bare-headed cry, God save ye King!"
+
+  _The Repartee, unto this Blasphemie._
+
+      "Descende thou great Usurper from ye throne,
+      Thou, throughe thy pride, tooke what was not thine owne;
+      A Rope did better fitte thee than a Crowne,
+      Come Carnifex, and put ye Traytor downe,
+      For crownes and sceptres, and such sacred things
+      Doe not belong to Traytors, but to Kings;
+      Let therefoe all true Loyall subjects sing,
+      Vive le Roy! Long Live! God bless ye King!"
+
+In regard to the little controversy which I started regarding Bunyan's
+claim to be author of the _Visions of Heaven and Hell_, I hope soon to
+decide it, as I am on the scent of a copy of, I believe, a first
+edition, which does not claim him for author.
+
+    JAMES FRISWELL.
+
+  12. Brooke Street, Holborn.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Popular Superstitions in Lancashire._--That a man must never "go a
+courting" on a Friday. If an unlucky fellow is caught with his lady-love
+on that day, he is followed home by a band of musicians playing on
+pokers, tongs, pan-lids, &c., unless he can rid himself of his
+tormentors by giving them money to drink with.
+
+That hooping-cough will never be taken by any child which has ridden
+upon a bear. While bear baiting was in fashion, great part of the
+owner's profits arose from the money given by parents whose children had
+had a ride. The writer knows of cases in which the charm is said
+certainly to have been effectual.
+
+That hooping-cough may be cured by tying a hairy caterpillar in a small
+bag round the child's neck, and as the caterpillar dies the cough goes.
+
+That Good Friday is the best day of all the year to begin weaning
+children, which ought if possible to be put off till that day; and a
+strong hope is sometimes entertained that a very cross child will "be
+better" after it has been christened.
+
+That May cats are unlucky, and will suck the breath of children.
+
+That crickets are lucky about a house, and will do no harm to those who
+use them well; but that they eat holes in the worsted stockings of such
+members of the family as kill them. I was assured of this on the
+experience of a respectable farmer's family.
+
+The belief in ghosts, or bogards, as they are termed, is universal.
+
+In my neighbourhood I hardly know a dell where a running stream crosses
+a road by a small bridge or stone plat, where there is not frectnin
+(frightening) to be expected. Wells, ponds, gates, &c., have often this
+bad repute. I have heard of a calf with eyes like a saucer, a woman
+without a head, a white greyhound, a column of white foam like a large
+sugar-loaf in the midst of a pond, a group of little cats, &c., &c., as
+the shape of the bogard, and sometimes a lady who jumped behind hapless
+passengers on horseback. It is supposed that a Romish priest can lay
+them, and that it is best to cheat them to consent to being laid while
+hollies are green. Hollies being evergreens, the ghosts can reappear no
+more.
+
+    P. P.
+
+_Folk Lore in Lancashire_ (Vol. iii., p. 55.).--Most of, if not all the
+instances mentioned under this head by Mr. Wilkinson are, as might be
+expected, current also in the adjacent district of the West Riding of
+Yorkshire; and, by his leave, I will add a few more, which are familiar
+to me:
+
+1. If a cock near the door crows with his face towards it, it is a sure
+prediction of the arrival of a stranger.
+
+2. If the cat frisks about the house in an unusually lively manner,
+windy or stormy weather is approaching.
+
+3. If a dog howls under a window at night, a death will shortly happen
+in that house.
+
+4. If a _female_ be the first to enter a house on Christmas or New
+Year's day, she brings ill luck to that house for the coming year.
+
+5. For hooping-cough, pass the child nine times over the back and under
+the belly of an ass. (This ceremony I once witnessed, but cannot vouch
+for its having had the desired effect.)
+
+6. For warts, rub them with a cinder, and this tied up in paper and
+dropped where four roads meet, will transfer the warts to whoever opens
+the packet.
+
+    J. EASTWOOD.
+
+  Ecclesfield.
+
+_Lancashire Customs._--The curfew is continued in many of the villages,
+and until the last ten or fifteen years it was usual at a Roman Catholic
+funeral to ring a merry peal on the bells as soon as the interment was
+over. The Roman Catholics seem now to have discontinued this practice.
+
+Carol singing and hand-bell ringing prevail at Christmas, and troops of
+men and children calling themselves _pace eggers_, go about in Passion
+Week, and especially Good Friday, as mummers in the south of England do
+at Christmas. Large tallow candles may often be seen decorated with
+evergreens, hanging up in the houses of the poor at Christmas time.
+
+    P. P.
+
+_Od._--One of the experiments by which the existence of this agency is
+tested, consists in attaching a horsehair to the first joint of the
+forefinger, and suspending to it a smooth gold ring. When the elbow is
+rested on the table, and the finger held in a horizontal position, the
+ring begins to oscillate in the plane of the direction of the finger;
+but if a female takes hold of the left hand of the person thus
+experimenting, the ring begins forthwith to oscillate in a plane at
+right angles to that of its former direction. I have never tried the
+experiment, for the simple reason that I have not been able to prevail
+upon any married lady of my acquaintance to lend me her wedding-ring for
+the purpose; and even if I had found it come true, I should still doubt
+whether the motion were not owing to the pulsations of the finger veins;
+but whatever be the cause, the fact is not new. My father recently told
+me, that in his boyhood he had often seen it tried as a charm. For this
+purpose it is essential, as may be supposed, that the ring be a
+wedding-ring, and of course the lady towards whom it oscillates is set
+down as the future spouse of the gentleman experimenting.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+_Pigeons._--The popular belief, that a person cannot die with his head
+resting on a pillow containing pigeons' feathers, is well known; but the
+following will probably be as new to many of your readers as it was to
+myself. On applying the other day to a highly respectable farmer's wife
+to know if she had any pigeons ready to eat, as a sick person had
+expressed a longing for one, she said, "Ah! poor fellow! is he so far
+gone? A pigeon is generally almost the last thing they want; I have
+supplied many a one for the like purpose."
+
+    J. EASTWOOD.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Lord Nelson's Dress and Sword at Trafalgar._--Perhaps you may think it
+worth while to preserve a note written by the late Rev. Dr. Scott on the
+498th page of the second volume of Harrison's _Life of Lord Nelson_, in
+contradiction of a bombastic description therein given of the admiral's
+dress and appearance at the battle of Trafalgar.
+
+  "This is wrong, he wore the same coat he did the day before; nor
+  was there the smallest alteration in his dress whatsoever from
+  other days. In this action he had not his sword with him on deck,
+  which in other actions he had always carried.--_A. J. Scott._"
+
+Dr. Scott was the chaplain and friend in whose arms Lord Nelson died.
+
+When the late Sir N. Harris Nicolas was engaged in a controversy in _The
+Times_, respecting the sale of Lord Nelson's sword, I sent him a copy of
+the above note, and told him I had heard Dr. Scott say that "the sword
+was left hanging in the admiral's cabin." It was not found necessary to
+make use of this testimony, as the dispute had subsided.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Crucifix of Mary Queen of Scots._--The crucifix that belonged to this
+unfortunate queen, and which she is said to have held in her hands on
+the scaffold, is still preserved with great care by its present owners
+(a titled family in the neighbourhood of Winchester), and at whose seat
+I have frequently seen it. If I mistake not, the figure of our Saviour
+is of ivory, and the cross of ebony.
+
+    THE WHITE ROSE.
+
+_Jonah and the Whale._--In No. 76., p. 275., Mr. Gallatly calls
+attention to the popular error in misquoting the expression from
+Genesis: "In the sweat of thy face," &c. There is another popular error
+which may not be known to some of your correspondents: it is generally
+supposed that Jonah is recorded in the book bearing his name as having
+been swallowed by a _whale_,--this is quite an error. The expressions is
+"a great fish," and no such word as _whale_ occurs in the entire "Book
+of Jonah."
+
+    E. J. K.
+
+_Anachronisms of Painters._--I send you a further addition to the
+"Anachronisms of Painters," mentioned in Vol. iii., p. 369., and, like
+them, not in D'Israeli's list.
+
+My father (R. Robinson, of the Heath House, Wombourne) has in his
+collection a picture by Steenwyk, of the "Woman taken in Adultery," in
+which our Lord is made to write in _Dutch_! The scene also takes place
+in a church of the architecture of the thirteenth century!
+
+    G. T. R.
+
+  Wombourne, near Wolverhampton.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Rifles._--"_We_ make the best rifles, and you follow us," said the
+exhibitor of Colt's revolvers, in my hearing, with a most satisfied
+assurance, in a way "particularly communicative and easy," as _The
+Times_ of the 9th of June says of his general manner. I am always
+desirous of information, but desire the highest authority and evidence
+before I believe. I would therefore ask the opinion of all experienced
+sportsmen, such as Mr. Gordon Cumming, or of travelled officers of our
+Rifle Brigade. I may say, that if the above unqualified remark came from
+the mouth of an English maker, I should be equally incredulous. Is there
+any use for which an American rifle is to be preferred to an English
+one?
+
+    A. C.
+
+_Stanbridge or Standbridge Earls._--Can any of your correspondents give
+me any information respecting Stanbridge or Standbridge Earls, near
+Romsey, Hants? There are the remains of a palace of the Saxon kings
+still there, many parts of which are in good preservation, the chapel
+being now used as the kitchen of Stanbridge House?
+
+I have also read that one of the kings was buried in this chapel, and
+afterwards removed to Winchester; but, having no note of the book,
+should be glad to be referred to it.
+
+    COLLY WOBBLES.
+
+_Montchesni, or Muncey Family._--Can any of your correspondents inform
+us what has become of the Norman line of Montchesni, or Muncey, a family
+which, like those of Maldebauge and De Loges, held baronial rank in
+England for several generations after the Conquest, though it is now
+forgotten?
+
+    P.
+
+_Epitaph on Voltaire._--The late Sir F. Jeffrey, in a review of the
+correspondence of Baron de Grimm, quotes an epitaph on Voltaire, which
+he states to have been made by a lady of Lausanne:
+
+      "Ci git l'enfant gate du monde qu'il gata."
+
+Has the name of this lady been ascertained?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Passage in Coleridge's Table Talk._--In _Specimens of Coleridge's Table
+Talk_ (p. 165., Murray, 1851) appears the following:--
+
+  "So little did the early bishops and preachers think their
+  Christian faith wrapped up in, and solely to be learned from, the
+  New Testament, that I remember a letter from ----[1] to a friend
+  of his, a bishop in the East, in which he most evidently speaks of
+  the _Christian_ scriptures as of works of which the bishop knew
+  little or nothing."
+
+  [Footnote 1: "I have lost the name which Mr. Coleridge
+  mentioned."--_Editor's Note._]
+
+My object is to know how this blank is to be filled up--probably by the
+name of some well-known father of the Church.
+
+    GEORGE LEWES.
+
+  Oxford, May 28.
+
+_"Men may live fools, but fools they cannot die."_--These words are
+given in Young's _Night Thoughts_ as a quotation. Can any of your
+correspondents inform me whence they are taken?
+
+    E. J. K.
+
+_Etymology of Bicetre._--In a work entitled _Description routiere et
+geographique de l'Empire Francais_, by R. V., Paris, 1813, the following
+notice of Bicetre occurs in vol. i. p. 84.:--
+
+  "On voit bientot, a peu de distance a droite, d'abord dans un
+  bas-fond, arrose par la petite riviere de Bievre ou des Gobelins,
+  le village de Gentilly, qui se vante de quelqu'anciennete, et d'un
+  Concile tenu en 767; ensuite, sur une eminence, au bout d'une
+  jolie avenue en berceau, l'hopital de Bicetre, qui, fonde en 1290
+  par un Eveque de Paris, appartint depuis, dit-on, a un Eveque de
+  Wincester ou Wincestre, d'ou par corruption on a fait Bicetre.
+
+  "C'est une chose assez piquante que cette etymologie anglaise. Les
+  auteurs qui nous l'apprennent eussent bien du nous en apprendre
+  aussi les circonstances. J'ai consulte a cet egard tout ce qui
+  etait a consulter, sans faire d'autre decouverte que quelques
+  contradictions dans les dates, et sans pouvoir offrir aucun
+  eclaircissement historique a mes lecteurs, aussi curieux que moi,
+  sans doute, de savoir comment un prelat anglais est venu donner le
+  nom de son eveche a un chateau de France."
+
+Is there any warrant in English history for this derivation of Bicetre;
+and if so, who was the Bishop of Winchester that gave the name of his
+diocese to that celebrated hospital?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, June, 1851.
+
+_Theobald Anguilbert and Michael Scott._--M. Barbier, in his
+_Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes_, says that Michael
+Scott is a pseudonyme for Theobald Anguilbert, and ascribes the _Mensa
+philosophica_ to the latter as the real author. Can any one tell me who
+is Theobald Anguilbert, for I can find no account of him anywhere? and
+if there ever was such a person, whether _all_ the writings bearing the
+name of Michael Scott, who, by all accounts, appears to have been a real
+person, are to be assigned to the said Anguilbert?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+_"Suum cuique tribuere," &c._--Can any of your readers tell me where the
+following passage is to be found?
+
+  "Suum cuique tribuere, ea demum summa justitia est."
+
+All persons of whom I have inquired, tell me it is from Cicero, but no
+one can inform me _where_ it is to be found.
+
+    M. D.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Organs first put up in Churches._--In the parish register of Buxted, in
+Sussex, allusion is made to the time when the organs were put up in the
+church, but which had been taken down. This entry was made in the year
+1558. Any information as to the earliest period when organs were placed
+in our churches will much oblige.
+
+    R. W. B.
+
+  [Our correspondent will find some interesting matter on the early
+  use of organs in churches in the Rev. F. D. Wackerbath's _Music
+  and the Anglo-Saxons_, pp. 6-24. London. 8vo. 1837.]
+
+_Ignoramus, Comoedia, &c._--Perhaps some of your correspondents can
+enlighten me on the following points.
+
+1. Who was the author of this play? The Latin is sufficiently
+ultra-canine for his pedantic majesty himself.
+
+2. Do the words "coram Regia Maiestate _Jacobi, Regis Angliae_," &c.,
+mean that the play was acted in the presence of the king? I am inclined
+to give them that interpretation from some allusions at the end of the
+last act, as well as from its being written in Latin.
+
+3. Are any of the race-courses therein mentioned still used as such?
+
+  "In Stadio Roystoniensi, Brackliensi, Gatterliensi, Coddington."
+
+This is the earliest mention of _fixed_ English race-courses that I have
+met with, and not being much versed in the secrets of the modern
+"cespite vivo," I am obliged to inquire of those who are better informed
+on that subject.
+
+    F. J.
+
+  [The author of _Ignoramus_ was George Ruggles, A. M., of Clare
+  Hall, Cambridge. This comedy, as well as that of _Albumazar_, were
+  both acted before King James I. and the Prince of Wales, during a
+  visit to Cambridge in March, 1614-15. The edition of _Ignoramus_,
+  edited by J. S. Hawkins, 8vo., 1787, contains a Life of Ruggles,
+  and a valuable Glossary to his "ultra-canine Latin" legal terms.
+  There is also a translation of this comedy, with the following
+  title: "_Ignoramus: a Comedy as it was several times acted with
+  extraordinary applause before the Majesty of King James._ With a
+  Supplement, which (out of respect to the Students of the Common
+  Law) was hitherto wanting. Written in Latine by R. Ruggles,
+  sometime Master of Arts in Clare Hall, in Cambridge, and
+  translated into English by R. C. [Robert Codrington, A. M.] of
+  Magdalen Colledge, in Oxford. London. 4to. 1662."]
+
+_Drake's Historia Anglo-Scotica._--Will any of your learned readers
+inform me, for what reason and by what authority Drake's _Historia
+Anglo-Scotica_, published in 1703, was ordered to be burned by the
+hangman? And where I can meet with a report of the proceedings relating
+to it?
+
+    FRA. MEWBURN.
+
+  Darlington.
+
+  [Dr. Drake was not the author, but merely the editor of _Historia
+  Anglo-Scotica_. In the dedication he says, "Upon a diligent
+  revisal, in order, if possible, to discover the name of the
+  author, and the age of his writing, he found that it was written
+  in, or at least not finished till, the time of Charles I." It is
+  singular, however, that he does not give the least intimation by
+  what mysterious influence the manuscript came to be wafted into
+  his library. It was ordered by the parliament of Scotland, on the
+  30th of June, 1703, to be burned by the common hangman.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+CORPSE PASSING MAKES A RIGHT WAY.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 477.)
+
+The fact of the passage of a funeral procession over land, from being an
+act of user of a very public character, must always have had some
+influence on the trial of the question whether the owner of the land had
+dedicated the same to the public; and it is not improbable that in early
+times very great weight was attached to evidence of this kind: so that
+the passage of a corpse across land came to be considered in the popular
+mind as conclusive and incontrovertible evidence of a public right of
+way over that land. With the reverence for the dead which is so pleasing
+a characteristic of modern refinement, it is probable that acts of user
+of this description would now have little weight, inasmuch as no man of
+right feeling would be disposed to interrupt parties assembled on so
+mournful and solemn an occasion. I recollect, however, having read a
+trial in modern times for a riot, arising out of a forcible attempt to
+carry a corpse over a field against the will of the landowner; the
+object of the parties in care of the corpse was believed to be the
+establishment of a public right of way over the field in question, the
+owner of which, with a body of partisans, forcibly resisted the attempt,
+on the apparent belief that the act of carrying a corpse across the
+field would certainly have established the right claimed. I regret I did
+not "make a Note" of the case, so as to be able to specify the time,
+place, and circumstances with certainty.
+
+That the notion in question is of great antiquity may I think be
+inferred from the following passage in _Prynne's Records_, iii. 213.,
+referring to Walter Bronescombe, Bishop of Exeter, 1258-1280 (and as the
+authority for which, Prynne cites Holinshed's _Chronicle_, 1303, 1304;
+and Godwin's _Catalogue of Bishops_, 326.):--
+
+  "He did by a Policy purchase the Lordship and House of Clift
+  Sachfeld, and enlarged the Barton thereof by gaining of Cornish
+  Wood from the Dean and Chapter fraudulently; building then a very
+  fair and sumptuous house there; he called it Bishop's Clift, and
+  left the same to his successors. Likewise he got the Patronage of
+  Clift Fomesone, now called Sowton, and annexed the same to his new
+  Lordship, which (as it was said) he procured by this means. He had
+  a Frier to be his Chaplain and Confessor, which died in his said
+  House of Clift, and should have been buried at the Parish Church
+  of Faringdon, because the said House was and is in that Parish;
+  but because the Parish Church was somewhat farre off, the wayes
+  foul, and the weather rainy, or for some other causes, the Bishop
+  commanded the corps to be carryed to the parish church of Sowton,
+  then called Clift Fomeson, which is very near, and bordereth upon
+  the Bishop's Lordship; the two Parishes being then divided by a
+  little Lake called Clift. At this time one Fomeson, a Gentleman,
+  was Lord and Patron of Clift Fomeson; and he, being advertised of
+  such a Burial towards in his Parish, and a leech way to be made
+  over to his Land, without his leave or consent required therein;
+  calleth his Tenants together, goeth to the Bridge over the lake
+  between the Bishop's Land and his; there meeteth the Bishop's men,
+  bringing the said Corps, and forbiddeth them to come over the
+  water. The men nothing regarding the Prohibition, do press
+  forwards to come over the water, and the others do withstand, so
+  long, that in the end, my Lord's Fryer is fallen into the Water.
+  The Bishop taketh this matter in such grief, that a holy Fryer, a
+  Religious man, his own Chaplain and Confessor, should be so
+  unreverently cast into the Water, that he falleth out with the
+  Gentleman, and upon what occasion I know not, he sueth him in the
+  Law (in his own Ecclesiastical Court, where he was both party and
+  Judge), and so vexeth and tormenteth him, that in the end he was
+  fain to yeeld himself to the Bishop's devotion, and seeketh all
+  the wayes he could to carry the Bishop's good will, which he could
+  not obtain, until for redemption he had given up and surrendered
+  his patronage of Sowton, with a piece of land; all which the said
+  Bishop annexed to his new Lordship."
+
+In "An Exhortation, to be spoken to such Parishes where they use their
+Perambulation in Rogation Week; for the Oversight of the Bounds and
+Limits of their Town," is a curious passage, which I subjoin:
+
+  "It is a shame to behold the insatiableness of some covetous
+  persons in their doings; that where their ancestors left of their
+  land a broad and sufficient bier-balk, to carry the corpse to the
+  Christian sepulture, how men pinch at such bier-balks, which by
+  long use and custom ought to be inviolably kept for that purpose;
+  and now they quite eat them up, and turn the dead body to be borne
+  farther about in the high streets; or else, if they leave any such
+  meer, it is too straight for two to walk on."--_Homilies_, ed.
+  Corrie, p. 499.
+
+It may perhaps be considered not quite irrelevant here to state that
+there seems once to have been an opinion, that the passage of the
+sovereign across land had the effect of making a highway thereon. The
+only allusion, however, to this opinion which I can call to mind, occurs
+in Peck's _Antiquarian Annals of Stanford_, lib. xi. s. xii.; an extract
+from which follows:--
+
+  "From Stanford King Edward, as I conceive, went to Huntingdon; for
+  in a letter of one of our kings dated at that town the 12th of
+  July (without any year or king's name to ascertain the time and
+  person it belongs to), the King writes to the aldermen and
+  bailiffs of Stanford, acquainting them, that, when he came to
+  Stanford, he went through Pilsgate field (coming then I suppose
+  from Peterborough), and, it being usual it seems that whatever way
+  the King rides to any place (though the same was no public way
+  before) for everybody else to claim the same liberty afterwards,
+  and thenceforth to call any such new passage the King's highway;
+  being followed to Huntingdon by divers of his own tenants,
+  inhabitants of Pilsgate, who then and there represented the damage
+  they should sustain by such a practice, the King by his letters
+  immediately commanded that his passing that way should not be made
+  a precedent for other people's so doing, but did utterly forbid
+  and discharge them therefrom. His letter, directed 'to our dearly
+  beloved the alderman, bailiffs, and good people of our Town of
+  Stanford,' upon this occasion, is thus worded:--'Dear and
+  well-beloved friends, by the grievous complaint of our beloved
+  lieges and tenents of the town of Pillesyate near our town of
+  Staunford, we have understood, that, in as much as, on Tuesday
+  last, we passed through the middle of a meadow and a certain
+  pasture there called Pillesyate meadow appertaining to the said
+  town of Pillesyate, you, and others of the country circumjacent,
+  claim to have and use an high way royal to pass through the middle
+  of the said meadow and pasture, to the great damage and disseisin
+  of our said lieges and tenents, whereupon they have supplicated
+  for a remedy; so we will, if it be so, and we command and charge
+  firmly, that you neither make nor use, nor suffer to be made nor
+  used by others of our said town of Staunford, nor others
+  whatsoever, no high road through the middle of the said meadow and
+  pasture; but that you forbear from it entirely, and that you cause
+  it to be openly proclaimed in our said town, that all others of
+  our said town and the country round it, do likewise; to the end
+  that our said tenents may have and peaceably enjoy the said meadow
+  and pasture, so, and in the manner, as they have done before these
+  times, without disturbance or impeachment of you or others, of
+  what estate or condition soever they be, notwithstanding that we
+  passed that way in manner as is said. And this in no manner fail
+  ye. Given under our signet at Huntyngdon the 12th day of July.'"
+
+I am unable to say whether the opinion it was the object of the above
+royal letter to refute was general, or was peculiar to the "good people"
+of Stanford, "and others of the country circumjacent."
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, June 18. 1851.
+
+
+DOZEN OF BREAD; BAKER'S DOZEN
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 298.; Vol iii., p. 153.).
+
+From the following extracts from two of the "Bury Wills" recently
+published by the Camden Society, it would appear that a dozen of bread
+always consisted of _twelve_ loaves; and that the term "Baker's dozen"
+arose from the practice of giving, in addition to the _twelve_ loaves, a
+further quantity as "_inbread_," in the same manner as it is (or until
+recently was) the custom to give an extra bushel of coals as "ingrain"
+upon the sale of a large quantity; a chaldron, I believe.
+
+Francis Pynner, of Bury, Gent., by will, dated April 26, 1639, gave to
+feoffees certain property upon trust (_inter alia_) out of the rents,
+upon the last Friday in every month in the year, to provide one twopenny
+loaf for each of forty poor people in Bury, to be distributed by the
+clerk, sexton, and beadle of St. Mary's parish, who were to have the
+"_inbread of the said bread_." And the testator also bequeathed certain
+other property to feoffees upon trust to employ the rents as follows
+(that is to say):--
+
+  "The yerely s[=u]me of ffiue pounds p'cell of the said yerely
+  rents to be bestowed in wheaten bread, to be made into _penny_
+  loaves, and upon eu'y Lord's day, called Sonday, throughout eu'y
+  yere of the said terme [40 years or thereabouts], _fowre_ and
+  _twenty_ loaves of the said bread, with the _inbread_ allowed by
+  the baker for those _twoe dosens_ of bread, to be timely brought
+  and sett vpon a forme towards the vpp' end of the chancell of the
+  said p'ish church of St. Marie, and ... the same _twoe dosens_ of
+  bread to be giuen and distributed ... to and amongst fowre and
+  twentie poore people ... the p'ish clarke and sexton of the said
+  church, and the beadle of the said p'ish of St. Marie for the time
+  then being, shall alwaies be three which from time to time shall
+  haue their shares and parts in the said bread. And they, the said
+  clarke, sexton, and bedell, shall alwaies haue the _inbread_ of
+  all the bread aforesaid ovr and besides their shares in the said
+  twoe dosens of bread from time to time----"
+
+And William Fiske, of Pakenham, Gent., by will, dated March 20, 1648,
+provided twelvepence a week to pay weekly for _one dozen_ of bread which
+his mind was, should "be weekly given vnto twelue _or thirteene_"
+persons therein referred to.
+
+    J. B. COLMAN.
+
+  Eye, June 16. 1851.
+
+
+MOSAIC.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 389.)
+
+Among the various kinds of picturesque representation, practised by the
+Greeks and Romans, and transmitted by them to after times, is that of
+_Mosaic_, a mode of execution which, in its durability of form, and
+permanency of colour, possesses distinguished advantages, being
+unaffected by heat or cold, drought or moisture, and perishing only with
+the building to which it has been originally attached. This art has been
+known in Rome since the days of the Republic. The severer rulers of that
+period forbade the introduction of foreign marbles, and the republican
+mosaics are all in black and white. Under the Empire the art was greatly
+improved, and not merely by the introduction of marbles of various
+colours, but by the invention of artificial stones, termed by the
+Italians _Smalti_, which can be made of every variety of tint. This art
+was never entirely lost. On the introduction of pictures into Christian
+temples, they were first made of _mosaic_: remaining specimens of them
+are rude, but profoundly interesting in an historical point of view.
+When art was restored in Italy, mosaic also was improved; but it
+attained its greatest perfection in the last and present century. _Roman
+mosaic, as now practised, may be described as being the production of
+pictures by connecting together numerous minute pieces of coloured
+marble or artificial stones. These are attached to a ground of copper,
+by means of a strong cement of gum mastic, and other materials, and are
+afterwards ground and polished, as a stone would be, to a perfectly
+level surface._ By this art not only are ornaments made on a small
+scale, but pictures of the largest size are copied. The most remarkable
+modern works are the copies which have been executed of some of the most
+important works of the great masters, for the altars in St. Peter's.
+These are, in every respect, perfect imitations of the originals; and
+when the originals, in spite of every care, must change and perish,
+these mosaics will still convey to distant ages a perfect idea of the
+triumphs of art achieved in the fifteenth century. _Twenty years_ were
+employed in making one of the copies I have mentioned. The pieces of
+mosaic vary in size from an eighth to a sixteenth of an inch, and eleven
+men were employed for that time on each picture. A great improvement was
+introduced into the art in 1775, by Signor Raffaeli, who thought of
+preparing the _smalti_ in what may be termed fine threads. _The pastes
+or smalti are manufactured at Venice, in the shape of crayons, or like
+sticks of sealing-wax, and are afterwards drawn out by the workman, by a
+blowpipe, into the thickness he requires, often almost to an hair, and
+are seldom thicker than the finest grass stalk._ For tables, and large
+articles, of course, the pieces are thicker; but the beauty of the
+workmanship, the soft gradation of the tints, and the cost, depend upon
+the _minuteness_ of the pieces, and the skill displayed by the artist. A
+ruin, a group of flowers or figures, will employ a good artist about two
+months, when only two inches square; and a specimen of such a
+description costs from 5_l._ to 20_l._, according to the execution: a
+landscape, six inches by four, would require eighteen months, and would
+cost from 40_l._ to 50_l._ For a picture of Paestum, eight feet long by
+twenty inches broad, on which four men were occupied for three years,
+1000_l._ sterling was asked. The mosaic work of Florence differs
+entirely from Roman mosaic, being composed of stones inserted in
+comparatively large masses. It is called work in _pietra dura_; the
+stones used are all of a more or less precious nature. In old specimens,
+the most beautiful works are those in which the designs are of an
+arabesque character. The most remarkable specimen of this description of
+_pietra dura_, is an octagonal table, in the _Gubinetto di Baroccio_, in
+the Florence Gallery. It is valued at 20,000_l._ sterling, and was
+commenced in 1623 by Jacopo Detelli, from designs by Ligozzi. Twenty-two
+artists worked upon it without interruption till it was terminated, in
+the year 1649.
+
+One principal distinction between the ancient and modern mosaic is, I
+believe, that the former was arranged in _patterns_, the latter
+_coloured in shades_. I shall not take up your columns by dwelling on
+the ancient mosaic, which, as all know was in use among the Orientals,
+especially the Persians and Assyrians; and from the Easterns the Greeks
+received the art. In the Book of Esther, i. 6., we have an allusion to a
+mosaic pavement; and Schleusner understands the [Greek: Lithostroton] of
+St. John, xix. 13., to mean a sort of elevated mosaic pavement. Andrea
+Tafi, towards the close of the thirteenth century, is said to have
+revived this art in Italy, having learned it from a Greek named
+Apollonius, who worked at the church of St. Mark at Venice, and to have
+been the founder of the modern mosaic.
+
+Now for the derivation. The Lithostrata, or tesselated pavements of the
+Romans, being worked in a regular and mechanical manner, were called
+_opus musivum, opera qua ad amussim facta sunt_. Hence the Italian
+_musaico_, from whence is derived our appellation of _mosaic_; but, like
+most of our arts, through the channel of the French _mosaique_. (Vide
+Pitisci _Lexicon_, ii. 242.; Roscoe's _Life of Lorenzo de Medici_;
+Winkelman; _Pompeiana_, by Gell; Smith's _Greek and Roman Antiq._;
+Beckman's _Inventions_; and _Recherches sur la Peinture en Mosaique chez
+les Anciens_, &c., annexed to his _Description d'un Pave en Mosaique_,
+&c.: Paris, 1802.)
+
+    GERONIMO.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Prenzie_ (Vol. iii., p. 401.)--Several words have been suggested to
+take the place of the unintelligible "_prenzie_" in _Measure for
+Measure_; but none of them appear to me to satisfy all the four
+conditions justly required by Leges.
+
+I would suggest _phrensied_ or _phrenzied_, a word extremely like
+_prenzie_ both in sound and appearance, and of the proper metre, thus
+perfectly satisfying two of the conditions.
+
+With respect to the propriety of using this word in the two instances
+where _prenzie_ occurs, Claudio, in the first place, when informed by
+his sister of the villany of Angelo, may well exclaim in astonishment--
+
+      "The _phrenzied_ Angelo?"
+
+_i.e._ "What, is he mad?" or, with a note of admiration, "Why, Angelo
+must be mad!" Then, I think, naturally follows Isabella's reply:--
+
+      "O 'tis the cunning livery of Hell,
+      The damned'st body to invest and cover
+      In _phrenzied_ guards!"
+
+that is, in the disguise or under the cloak of madness.
+
+Johnson defines Frenzy to be
+
+   "Madness; distraction of mind; alienation of understanding; any
+   violent passion approaching to madness."
+
+and surely Angelo's _violent passion_ for Isabella, and his
+determination to gratify it at all risks, may, properly be said to
+_approach to madness_.
+
+    W. G. M.
+
+There is a Scotch word so nearly resembling this, and at the same time
+so exactly answering to the sense which the passage in _Measure for
+Measure_ requires, that it may be worth while calling the attention of
+the Shakspearian commentators to it. In Allan Cunningham's Glossary to
+Burns, I find _Primsie_, which he defines to mean _demure_, _precise_.
+An old Scotch proverb is quoted, in which the word is used:
+
+      "A _primsie_ damsel makes a laidlae dame."
+
+The term is evidently connected with, or formed from, the English
+_prim_, which has the same sense. It seems this was formerly sometimes
+written _prin_. Halliwell cites from Fletcher's poems the lines--
+
+      "He looks as gaunt and prin, as he that spent
+      A tedious twelve years in an eager Lent."
+
+Now if from _prim_ be formed the secondary adjective _primsie_, so from
+_prin_ we get _prinsie_ or _prinzie_. But without resorting to the
+supposition of the existence of this latter word, it is evident that in
+_primzie_, which does or did exist, we have a word answering all the
+conditions laid down by Leges for determining the true reading, more
+nearly than any other that has been suggested.
+
+    CEBES.
+
+  [Dr. Jamieson, in his _Scottish Dictionary_, defines Primsie,
+  demure, precise, S. from E. _prim_.
+
+      "Poor Willie, wi' his bow-kail runt
+      Was brunt wi' primsie Mallie."
+
+      Burns, iii. 129.]
+
+_Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest_ (Vol. iii., p. 443.).--Were the beautiful
+lines entitled "Lady Flora's Bequest" in reality written by that
+lamented lady? They are not to be found in the volume of her Poems
+published after her death by her sister, the Marchioness of Bute; and
+they did appear in _The Christian Lady's Magazine_ for September, 1839,
+with the signature of Miss M. A. S. Barber appended to them.
+
+In the preceding Number of the same magazine there is a very touching
+account of Lady Flora, from the pen of its talented editress, who
+mentions the fact of Lady Flora having with her _dying hand_ "delivered
+to her fond brother a little Bible, the gift of her mother, requesting
+him to restore it to that beloved parent with the assurance that from
+the age of seven years, when she received it from her, it had been her
+best treasure; and, she added, her sole support under all her recent
+afflictions."
+
+If your correspondent Erza has never seen that obituary notice (Seeleys,
+publishers) I think she will be glad to meet with it.
+
+    L. H. K.
+
+_Arches of Pelaga_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.)--This term is in common use
+among sailors, meaning the Mediterranean Archipelago, and they may very
+often be heard saying--"When I was up the Arches."
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Engraved Warming-Pans_ (Vol. iii., pp. 84. 115.).--I beg to add to the
+lists of H. G. T., and E. B. Price.
+
+Some years ago I purchased one in Bradford, Wilts, and several at
+Bedwyn Magna in the same county. The Bradford one bears an heraldic
+nondescript animal with horns on its head and nose, and a coronet round
+its neck, surrounded by--
+
+      "The . Lord . reseve . us . into . His . kingdom . 1616."
+
+One of the Bedwyn ones bears a lion passant holding a scimitar, with the
+motto:
+
+      "Feare . God . and . obay . the . king . 161--."
+
+The last figure of the date is obliterated. Another has a shield bearing
+three tuns, surrounded by--
+
+      "The Vintners' arms."
+
+One in the possession of a farmer in the parish of Barton Turf, Norfolk,
+bears an eagle with a human head at its feet, surrounded by--
+
+      "The . Erl . of . Darbeyes . arms." 1660.
+
+    W. C. LUKIS.
+
+  Great Bedwyn, June, 1851.
+
+_St. Pancras_ (Vol. iii., pp. 285. 397.).--St. Pancras was a native of
+the province of Phrygia, the son of a nobleman of the name of Cledonius;
+who, when at the point of death, strongly recommended this his only son,
+together with his fortune, which was very great, to the care of his
+brother Dionysius, he being the only near relative in being, the mother
+having previously deceased.
+
+This trust Dionysius faithfully fulfilled, bringing up and loving his
+nephew as he would have done his own son; and when, three years after
+the death of Cledonius, he quitted his native country and proceeded to
+Rome, the youthful Pancras accompanied him. Upon reaching the imperial
+city, the uncle and nephew took up their residence in the same suburb
+where the Pope Marcellinus had fled for concealment from the persecution
+which had been raised against the Christians by the Emperors Diocletian
+and Maximianus. Here they had not been long resident before the fame of
+the great sanctity and virtue of Marcellinus reached their ears, and
+caused an ardent desire in both to see and converse with one so highly
+spoken of. A convenient opportunity was soon found, and in a short time
+both the uncle and nephew, renouncing their idolatry, became converted
+to the Christian faith.
+
+So strong was the effect produced upon them by this change, that the
+chief desire of both was to die for their religion; and, without waiting
+for the arrival of the officers who were continually searching for the
+hidden Christians, they voluntarily surrendered themselves to the
+ministers of justice.
+
+A few days after this event, however, Dionysius was called hence by a
+natural death.
+
+Diocletian, who is said to have been a friend of Cledonius, and moved
+perhaps by the youth and graceful appearance of Pancras, strove by
+flattery and caresses to induce him to do sacrifice to the heathen gods;
+to this proposition Pancras absolutely refused to consent, and
+reproached the Emperor for his weakness in believing to be gods, men,
+who, while on earth, had been remarkable for their vices. Diocletian,
+stung by these reproaches, commanded that the youth should be instantly
+beheaded, which sentence was immediately carried into execution. His
+death is said to have taken place on 12th May, 303; the martyr being
+then but fourteen years of age.
+
+The gate in Rome, rendered so remarkable lately as having been the chief
+point attacked by the French troops, was formerly called Porta Aurelia;
+but was subsequently named Porta Pancrazio, after this youthful
+sufferer.
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Pallavicino and Count d'Olivarez_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.)--Ferrante
+Pallavicino was descended from a noble family, seated in Placenza. He
+entered the monastery of Augustine Friars at Milan, where he became a
+regular canon of the Lateran congregation. He was a man of fine genius,
+and possessed great wit, but having employed it in writing several
+satirical pieces against Urban VIII. during the war between the
+Barberini and the Duke of Parma and Placenza, he became so detested at
+the court of Rome, that a price was set on his head. One Charles Morfu,
+a French villain, was bribed to ensnare him, and pretending to pass for
+his friend and pity his misfortunes, persuaded him to go to France,
+which he said would be much to his advantage. Pallavicino gave himself
+up entirely to the direction of this false friend, who conducted him
+over the bridge at Sorgues into the territory of Venaissin, where he was
+arrested by people suborned for that purpose, was carried to Avignon,
+thrown into a dungeon, from which he tried to make his escape, and in
+the year 1644, after a fourteen months' imprisonment, was beheaded in
+the flower of his age. He was the author of a number of small pieces,
+all of which are marked by the lively genius of the author. They were
+collected and published at Venice in 1655, and amongst them I found one
+entitled "La disgracia del Conte d'Olivarez," which, perhaps, may be the
+work Mr. Souley has in MS.
+
+For a more lengthy account of this unhappy and extraordinary man, I
+would refer Mr. Souley to the life prefixed to his collected works, and
+to that prefixed to a French translation of his _Divortio celeste_,
+printed at Amsterdam in 1696; and also to the preface to the English
+translation of that same very curious work, printed at London in 1718.
+
+    WILLIAM BROWN, JUN.
+
+_Mind your P's and Q's_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 357. 463.).--When I
+proposed this Query, I mentioned that I had heard one derivation of the
+phrase. As it is different from either of those which have been sent,
+it may, perhaps, be worth insertion. I was told by a printer that the
+phrase had originated among those of his craft, since young compositors
+experience great difficulty in discriminating between the types of the
+two letters.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+[A correspondent has kindly suggested a new version of this saying, and
+suggests that for the future our readers should be reminded to mind, not
+their P's and Q's, but their N's and Q's.]
+
+_Banks, Family of_ (Vol. iii., pp. 390. 458.).--In No. 81. R. C. H. H.
+asks if John Banks the philosopher was descended from Sir John Banks,
+Lord Chief Justice in Charles I.'s reign.
+
+As a grandson of the former, I take great interest in this, but am sorry
+to say that I can give no information at present on that branch of the
+subject. The philosopher's family were settled for some generations at
+Grange, near Keswick. I should be obliged if R. C. H. H. would
+communicate the name and publisher of the book on the Lakes which he
+quotes from, as I am exceedingly anxious to trace the genealogy.
+
+    BAY.
+
+  Liverpool, June 19. 1851.
+
+_National Debts_ (Vol. iii., p. 374.).--The following extract from _La
+Cronica di Giovanni Villani_, lib. xii. c. 35., appears to have some
+reference to the Query made by F. E. M.:
+
+  "E nel detto mese di Febbraio, 1344, per lo comune si fece ordine,
+  che qualunque cittadino dovesse avere dal comune per le prestanze
+  fatte al tempo de' venti della balia, come addieto facemmo
+  menzione, che si trovarono fiorini cinquecento-settantamila d'oro,
+  sanza il debito di Messer Mastino della Scala, ch' erano presso a
+  centomila fiorini d'oro, che si mettessono in uno registro
+  ordinatemente; e dare il comune ogni anno di provvisione e
+  usufrutto cinque per centinaio, dando ogni mese la paga per rata;
+  e diputossi a fornire il detto guiderdone parte alla gabella delle
+  parti, e parte ad altre gabelle, che montava l'anno da fiorini
+  venticinque mila d'oro, dov' erano assegnate le paghe di Messer
+  Mastino; e pagato lui, fossone assignati alla detta satisfazione;
+  il quale Messer Mastino fu pagato del mese di Dicembre per lo modo
+  che diremo innanzi. E cominciossi la paga della detta provvisione
+  del mese d'Ottobre 1345."
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Monte di Pieta_ (Vol. iii., p. 372.)--In reply to your correspondent W.
+B. H., requesting to be informed of the connexion between a "Pieta" and
+a "Monte di Pieta," it may be observed that there does not appear to be
+any necessary connexion between the two expressions. The term "a Pieta"
+is generally used to denote the figure of the dead Saviour attended by
+His Blessed Mother: for example, the celebrated one in St. Peter's at
+Rome. The word "Monte," besides its signification of "montagna,"
+expresses also "luogo publico ove si danno oi si pigliano denari ad
+interesse;" also "luogo publico altresi dove col pegno si prestano
+denari con piccolo interesse."
+
+"Pieta," in addition to its signification of "devozione," or "virtu per
+cui si ama ed onora Dia," &c., which would apply to the figure of the
+dead Saviour, expresses "compassione amorevole verso il suo simile."
+
+Monte di Pieta would therefore be a place where money was lent at
+interest, on such terms as were in unison with a kind and compassionate
+feeling towards our neighbour. This species of establishment was first
+commenced in Italy towards the end of the fifteenth century, by Il Beato
+Bernardino da Feltri, who carried his opposition to the Jews so far as
+to preach a crusade against them. The earliest Monte of which any record
+appears to exist was founded in the city of Padua in 1491; the effect of
+which was to cause the closing of twelve loan banks belonging to the
+Jews.
+
+From Italy they were shortly afterwards introduced into France.
+
+The first legal sanction given to these establishments was granted by
+Pope Leo X. in 1551.
+
+    R. R. M.
+
+_Registry of Dissenting Baptisms_ (Vol. iii., pp. 370. 460.).--From the
+replies to my Query on this subject that have been published, it is
+plain that in all parts of England Dissenters have wished to procure the
+registry of their children's births or baptisms in their parish
+churches. In some instances they have been registered _as dissenting
+baptisms_; and then the fact appears from the Registry itself. In other
+instances, and probably far the more numerous (though this would be
+difficult to _prove_), they were registered among the canonical
+baptisms; and the fact of their being performed by Dissenting Ministers
+is only discoverable by reference to the Dissenting Register, when it
+happens to have been preserved. So in the instances referred to in p.
+370., the baptisms are registered without distinction from others in the
+Registry of St. Peter's Church, Chester; but a duplicate registry _as on
+the same day_ was made at Cross Lane Meeting House, which is, I believe,
+not in St. Peter's parish; though, I presume, the residence of the
+parents was in it.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Eisell_ (Vol. iii., pp. 66. 397.).--I am not aware that the following
+passage has been quoted by any of the disputants in the late "Eisell"
+controversy. It occurs in Jewel's _Controversy with Harding_, pp. 651-2.
+of vol. ii. of the Parker Society's edition of Jewel's works.
+
+  "A Christian man removeth his household, and, having there an
+  image of Christ, equal unto him in length, and breadth, and all
+  proportion, by forgetfulness leaveth it there in a secret place
+  behind him. A Jew after him inhabiteth the same house a long
+  while, and seeth it not; another strange Jew, sitting there at
+  dinner, immediately espieth it standing open against a wall....
+  Afterward the priests and rulers of the Jews come together, and
+  abuse it with all villany. They crown it with a thorn, make it
+  drink _esel_ and gall, and stick it to the heart with a spear. Out
+  issueth blood in great quantity, the powers of Heaven are shaken;
+  the sun is darkened; the moon loseth her light."
+
+    CUDYN GWYN.
+
+_English Sapphics_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--A beautiful specimen of this
+measure, far superior in rhythm to the attempt of Dr. Watts, appeared in
+the _Youth's Magazine_ twenty-five years ago. It consisted of the Psalm
+"By the Waters of Babylon." I remember the last verse only.
+
+      "Dumb be my tuneful eloquence, if ever
+      Strange echoes answer to a song of Zion;
+      Blasted this right hand, if I should forget thee,
+                              Land of my fathers."
+    H. E. H.
+
+_Mints at Norwich--Joseph Nobbs_ (Vol. iii., p. 447.).--I beg to inform
+Cowgill that the operation of the Mint of the Great Recoinage of 1696-7
+was performed in a room at St. Andrew's Hall, in this city; but the
+amount there coined, or at any of the other places mentioned, I am not
+able to inform him. The total amount said to be recoined was
+6,882,908_l._ 19_s._ 7_d._
+
+                                    L          _s._   _d._
+
+      The amount at the Tower    5,091,121       7     7
+
+      And in the Country Mints   1,791,787      12     0
+
+                                --------------------------
+
+                                L6,882,908      19     7
+
+The following are the names of persons employed in the Mint at
+Norwich:--
+
+  Francis Gardener, Esq., Treasurer.
+
+  Thomas Moore, Gent., Warder; Thomas Allen, his clerk.
+
+  Anthony Redhead, Gent., Master Worker; Mr. Beaser, his clerk.
+
+  William Lamb, Comptroller; Mr. Samuel Oliver, his clerk.
+
+  Heneage Price, Gent., King's clerk.
+
+  Mr. Rapier, Weigher and Teller.
+
+  Henry Yaxley, Surveyor of the Meltings.
+
+  Mr. John Young, Deputy Graver.
+
+  John Seabrook, Provost, and Master of the Moneyers.
+
+  Mr. Hartstongue, Assay Master, and his servant.--His brother,
+  Edger, and Lotterer of the Half-Crowns, Shillings, and Sixpences.
+  It is said crowns were not struck here, and I have never seen one
+  of this Mint.
+
+The whole of the work was finished here, September 29, 1698.
+
+In pulling up the floor of an old house, in Tombland, in 1847, a
+quantity of the silver coin minted here was discovered, which, from the
+appearance of the coins, were never in circulation: they were sold to
+Mr. Cooper, silversmith, in London Street, for about 20_l._ No doubt the
+coins were abstracted from the Mint during the process of coining.
+
+In the Register of Burials at St. Gregory's is the following entry, A.
+D. 1717:
+
+  "Joseph Nobbs, Parish Clerk of St. Gregory's, aged 89, was buried
+  November. 4, 1717, being the year following the last entry in his
+  Chronology. He was then 89 years of age, and, what is somewhat
+  remarkable, that is the age of the present Clerk of St.
+  Gregory's."
+
+    G. H. I.
+
+P. S. Some other matters relative to this Mint are among my memoranda.
+
+  Norwich, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Voltaire, where situated_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--Your correspondent V.
+is informed, that the following particulars on the subject of his Query
+are given in a note to the article "Voltaire," in Querard's _France
+Litteraire_, vol. x. p. 276.:--
+
+  "Voltaire est le nom d'un petit bien de famille, qui appartenait a
+  la mere de l'auteur de la '_Henriade_,'--Marie Catherine Daumart,
+  d'une famille noble du Poitou."
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Meaning of Pilcher_ (Vol. iii., p. 476).--I must say I can see no
+difficulty at all about _pilcher_. If the _r_ at the end makes it so
+strange a word, leave that out, and then you will have a word, as it
+seems, quite well established--_pylche_, toga pellice: Lye. Skinner
+thinks _pilchard_ may be derived from it.
+
+"Pilch, an outer garment generally worn in cold weather, and made of
+skins of fur. 'Pelicium, a pylche.' (_Nominale MS._) The term is still
+retained in connected senses in our dialects. 'A piece of flannel, or
+other woollen, put under a child next the clout is, in Kent, called a
+_pilch_; a coarse shagged piece of rug laid over a saddle, for ease of a
+rider, is, in our midland parts, called a pilch.' (_MS. Lansd._ 1033.)
+'Warme pilche and warme shon.' (_MS. Digby_, 86.) 'In our old dramatists
+the term is applied to a buff or leather jerkin; and Shakspeare has
+_pilcher_ for the sheath of a sword." (Halliwell's _Dictionary_.)
+
+"_Pilche_, or _pilcher_, a scabbard, from _pylche_, a skin coat, Saxon.
+A pilche, or leather coat, seems to have been the common dress for a
+carman. Coles has 'a pilch for a saddle, instratum,' which explains that
+it was an external covering, and probably of leather. Kersey also calls
+it a covering for a saddle; but he likewise gives it the sense of 'a
+piece of flannel to be wrapt about a young child.' It seems, therefore,
+to have been used for any covering." (Nares' _Glossary_.)
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Catalogues of Coins of Canute_ (Vol. iii., p. 326.).--The following is
+a copy of the title-page of the work referred to by [Greek: Boreas]:--_A
+Catalogue of the Coins of Canute, King of Denmark and England; with
+Specimens._ London: Printed by W. Bowyer and J. Nichols. 4to. 1777. It
+consists of twenty-four pages, and was compiled by Richard Gough, Esq.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+_Pontoppidan's Natural History of Norway_ (Vol. iii., p. 326.).--An
+interesting notice of this work occurs in the _Retrospective Review_,
+vol. xiii., pp. 181-213.; but neither in that article nor in any
+bibliographical or biographical dictionary is the name of the translator
+given.
+
+    J. Y.
+
+_The First Panorama_ (Vol. iii., p. 406.).--I have often heard my father
+say, that the first panorama exhibited was painted by Thomas Girtin, and
+was a semicircular view of London, from the top of the Albion Mills,
+near Blackfriars Bridge. It was exhibited in St. Martin's Lane, where,
+not many years back, I saw it, it having been found rolled up in a loft
+over a carpenter's shop. It was painted about 1793 or 1794, and my
+father has some of the original sketches.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark, June 2.
+
+_Written Sermons_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--If M. C. L. asks, when and why
+written sermons took the place of extemporaneous discourses, I believe
+it may be said that written sermons were first in vogue. Certainly, the
+inability of most men to preach "without book," would be sufficient to
+ensure their early introduction. According to Bingham (see _Ant. of the
+Christian Church_, book xiv. chap. 4.), Origen was the first who
+preached extemporaneously, and not until after he was sixty years old.
+The great divines of the time of the English Reformation preached both
+written and oral sermons: many of these, especially of the former, are
+included in their printed works. The same remark also applies to the
+early Fathers of the Church. The use of the homilies, which were drawn
+up for the ignorant clergy at the Reformation, at once gave a sanction
+to the practice of _writing_ sermons. The story of the preacher turning
+over his hour-glass at Paul's Cross, and starting afresh, must of course
+refer to an _unwritten_ discourse. Sermons, being explications of
+scripture, used to follow the reading of the psalms and lessons: now,
+for the same reason, they come after the epistle and gospel. In olden
+time, the bishop was the only preacher, going from church to church, as
+now-a-days[2], with the same sermon or charge; and he addressed the
+people from the altar steps: afterwards the priest, as his deputy,
+preached in the pulpit, but the deacons were not allowed to preach at
+all.
+
+  [Footnote 2: One of the highest dignitaries in our Church recently
+  declined to print a sermon, as requested; because, he frankly
+  said, he should want to preach it again.]
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Bogatsky_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--The little work, so justly popular in
+England, under the title of Bogatsky's _Golden Treasury_, is by no means
+a literal translation of the original; but was almost entirely
+re-written by Venn, the author of the _Complete Duty of Man_. This I
+state on good authority, as I believe; but I have never seen the
+original.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Under the title of a _Hand-Book of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy:
+First Course--Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Sound,
+Optics_, Dr. Lardner has just issued a small closely printed volume with
+the object of supplying that "information relating to physical and
+mechanical science, which is required by the medical and law student,
+the engineer and artisan, by those who are preparing for the
+universities, and, in short, by those who, having already entered upon
+the active pursuits of business, are still desirous to sustain and
+improve their knowledge of the general truths of physics, and of those
+laws by which the order and stability of the material world are
+maintained." The work, which is illustrated with upwards of four hundred
+woodcuts, is extremely well adapted for the object in question; and
+will, we have no doubt, obtain, as it deserves, a very extensive
+circulation among the various classes of readers for whose use it has
+been composed; and, in short, among all readers who desire to obtain a
+knowledge of the elements of physics without pursuing them through their
+mathematical consequences and details. The illustrations are generally
+of a popular character, and therefore the better calculated to impress
+upon the mind of the student the principles they are intended to
+explain.
+
+The new volume of Mr. Bohn's _Standard Library_ consists of the third of
+Mr. Torrey's translation of Dr. Neander's _General History of the
+Christian Religion and Church_. The period included in the present
+division of this important contribution to ecclesiastical history
+extends from the end of the Diocletian persecution to the time of
+Gregory the Great, or from the year 312 to 590. A translation of _The
+Fasti, Tristia, Pontic Epistles, Ibis and Halieuticon of Ovid_, with
+copious notes by Henry T. Riley, B.A., is the last addition made by Mr.
+Bohn to his _Classical Library_. Though these translations furnish very
+imperfect pictures of the manner and style of the original writers, they
+supply the mere English reader with a good general notion of their
+matter, especially when they are as copiously annotated as the work
+before us.
+
+We are informed that, in consequence of the great care and delicacy
+which is found to be required in the presswork of the _Lansdowne
+Shakspeare_, a beautiful volume, unique as a specimen of the art of
+typography, the publication will be unavoidably postponed for a few
+weeks.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Co. (3. Wellington Street, Strand) will commence, on
+Wednesday next, a seven days' sale of the valuable Library of the date
+Rev. Dr. Penrose, which is particularly rich in books illustrated with
+engravings.
+
+Books Received.--_Illustrations of Mediaeval Costume in England, &c._,
+by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines: Part IV., illustrating what the editors
+call the "mediaeval foppery" of Richard II. and his court.--_The
+Traveller's Library, No. IV._, _Sir Roger de Coverley, by "The
+Spectator," with Notes and Illustrations, by W. Henry Wills._ A
+delightful shilling's worth, well calculated to make the traveller a
+wiser and better man.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+WAAGEN'S TOUR IN ENGLAND.
+
+ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN FRANCE.
+
+ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN ITALY.
+
+BORLAND'S HISTORY OF THE COLONY OF DARIAN.
+
+ALBERT LUNEL, a Novel in 3 Vols.
+
+DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.
+
+ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vol. IV.
+
+DENS' THEOLOGIA MORALIS ET DOGMATICA. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.
+
+MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.
+
+ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.
+
+BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6_s._ per Vol. Pilgrims of the
+Rhine, Alice, and Zanoni.
+
+STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpy. Parts I., II. X. XI. and XXIX.
+
+KIRBY'S BRIDGEWATER TREATISE. 2 Vols.
+
+The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOPAEDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
+
+MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols.
+Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume _Eight_ wanted.
+
+L'ABBE DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo.
+Utrecht, 1713.
+
+AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols. 24mo. Published by
+Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.
+
+CAXTON'S REYNARD THE FOX (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.
+
+CRESPET, PERE. DEUX LIVRES DE LA HAINE DE SATAN ET DES MALINS ESPRITS
+CONTRE L'HOMME. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.
+
+CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, ou l'on traite de la Necessite, de
+l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des differentes Formes de la
+Souverainete, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Telemaque. 2 Vols.
+12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.
+
+The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le
+Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fenelon," 12mo. Londres,
+1721.
+
+THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED, being a True and Tragical Account of the
+unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c.
+London, 1691. 12mo.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.
+
+JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.
+
+HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.
+
+RUSSELL'S EUROPE, from the Peace of Utrecht. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.
+
+CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.
+
+WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to.
+
+STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to.
+
+OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 To 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.
+
+COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. I. 12mo.
+Lond. 1755.
+
+HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.
+
+HORACE-ORELLIUS. 2 Vols.
+
+D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III.
+
+WAAGEN'S WORKS OF ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.
+
+SMYTH'S (PROF. W.) LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY. 3rd Edit. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+1811.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We this week conclude our Third Volume, and regret that want of space
+has compelled us to omit from the present Number the_ Rev. Dr. Todd's
+_Letter on the Edition of Ussher's Works;_ C. _on "The Lord Mayor of
+London not a Privy Councillor;" and many other communications of great
+interest; and we have to trust to the kindness of our Correspondents for
+omitting our usual acknowledgment of_ REPLIES RECEIVED.
+
+THE INDEX TO VOLUME THE THIRD _is ready for Press. It will be issued on
+Saturday the 12th, if not ready by next Saturday._
+
+_The commencement of a New Volume on Saturday next affords a favourable
+opportunity to gentlemen resident in the country to commence the work.
+The Subscription for the Stamped Edition of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _is ten
+shillings for six months, which may be paid by Post-Office Order, drawn
+in favour of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_
+T. E. H._, that by way of hastening the period when we shall be
+justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should
+forward copies of our_ Prospectus _to correspondents who would kindly
+enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of
+literature, to become subscribers to_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _has already
+been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are
+greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for
+this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist
+towards increasing our circulation._
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had,
+price_ 9_s._ 6_d._ _each_.
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels_.
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR JULY
+
+  contains the following articles: 1. The Present State of English
+  Historical Literature: the Record Offices; 2. Bill for King
+  Charles's Pedestal at Charing Cross; 3. Anecdotes from the
+  Day-books of Dr. Henry Sampson; 4. The Infinity of Geometric
+  Design (with Engravings); 5. Christian Iconography, by J. G.
+  Walter: Principalities, Archangels, and Angels (with Engravings);
+  6. Companions of my Solitude; 7. Mr. P. Cunningham's Story of Nell
+  Gwyn, Chapter VII. (with Portraits of her two Sons); 8. Sussex
+  Archaeology (with Engravings); 9. Horace Walpole and Mason; 10.
+  National Education; With Notes of the Month, Review of New
+  Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Societies, and
+  Obituary, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl
+  of Cottenham, Right Hon. R. L. Shiel, Rev. W. M. Kinsey, Mrs.
+  Shelley, Mr. Dowton, and other eminent persons recently deceased.
+  Price 2_s._ 6_d._
+
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+
+
+LITERARY AGENCY.--Mr. F. G. Tomlins (Secretary to the Shakespeare
+Society; Author of "A Brief View of the English Drama," "A Variorum
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+Self-Educator," &c. &c.) is desirous to make it known that a Twenty
+years' experience with the Press and Literature, as Author and
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+Publishers and Persons wishing to communicate with the Public, either as
+to the Editing, Advertising, or Authorship of Books, Pamphlets, or
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+
+  OFFICE, 19. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND,
+
+  Where Works of Reference for Literary purposes may be obtained or
+  referred to.
+
+
+Chippenham, Wilts.
+
+  MR. F. ALEXANDER has been favoured with instructions to prepare
+  for SALE by AUCTION, on the Premises, on TUESDAY, the 1st of July,
+  1851, and two following days, commencing at 12 o'clock each day
+  precisely, the Valuable and Select Library of Mr. John Provis, of
+  Chippenham, comprising 3,500 Volumes, including many Works of
+  great value. Among those remarkable for their rarity, &c., will be
+  found a fine copy of Purchas's Pilgrimes, 5 vols., 1625; Nuremburg
+  Chronicle, 1493; Dante, printed at Rome, 1487; Coverdale's Bible,
+  1539; Cranmer's Bible, 1585; Musee Francais, 4 vols.; Chaucer's
+  Works; Philosophical Transactions, 88 vols.; Houbraken's Heads,
+  &c., &c.
+
+  May be viewed two days previous to the Sale, by Catalogues only
+  (6_d._ each), which may be obtained five days prior to the sale,
+  of Messrs. Wickham & Yelland, 163. Strand, London; at the White
+  Hart Hotel, Bristol; Castle Hotel, Bath; Star Hotel, Oxford; Royal
+  Hotel, Cheltenham; Bear Inn, Devizes; and of the Auctioneer,
+  Chippenham.
+
+
+FOR EVERY CHILD IN THE KINGDOM.
+
+  On 1st July, 1851, Price 2_s._ 6_d._, an Enduring Record, full of
+  Interesting Details--Vivid Descriptions--Moral Sentiments--and
+  Beautiful Pictures, entitled
+
+      LITTLE HENRY'S HOLIDAY
+      AT
+      THE GREAT EXHIBITION,
+
+  By the Editor of "Pleasant Pages."
+
+  PLEASANT PAGES.--Double Numbers are now publishing, containing a
+  Course of "OBJECT LESSONS" from the Great Exhibition.--Volume II.
+  is just out. Third Edition of Volume I. is now ready.
+
+  London: HOULSTON AND STONEMAN; and all Booksellers.
+
+
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+London.
+
+  VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.
+
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+  forfeiting the policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this
+  society only, as fully detailed in the prospectus.
+
+  A. Scratchley, M.A.,
+
+  Actuary and Secretary: Author of "Industrial Investment and
+  Emigration; being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit
+  Building Societies, &c." Price 10_s._ 6_d._
+
+  London: J. W. PARKER, West Strand.
+
+
+Nearly ready, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by
+Special Permission to
+
+  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. Milman, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
+  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
+  and a Concise System Of Chanting, by J. B. SALE. Musical
+  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
+  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. Sale, 21. Holywell
+  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
+  Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers
+  and Music Warehouses.
+
+    "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
+    our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+    "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+    country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+    merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+    appears."--_Musical World._
+
+    "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+    Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+    appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+  Also, lately published,
+
+  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._
+
+  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+
+Now ready, price 28_s._, cloth boards, Volumes III. and IV. of
+
+  THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND. By Edward Foss, F.S.A. Comprehending the
+  period from Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to 1485.
+
+  Lately published, price 28_s._
+
+  Volumes I. and II. of the same Work; from the Conquest to the end
+  of Henry III., 1066 to 1272.
+
+  "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is
+  treated with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in
+  which Mr. Foss has brought to light many points previously
+  unknown, corrected many errors, and shown such ample knowledge of
+  his subject as to conduct it successfully through all the
+  intricacies of a difficult investigation; and such taste and
+  judgment as will enable him to quit, when occasion requires, the
+  dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to his work
+  as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical
+  history."--_Gent. Mag._
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.
+
+
+In fcap. 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._, a Third Series of
+
+  PLAIN SERMONS, addressed to a Country Congregation. By the late
+  Rev. Edward Blencowe, Curate of Teversal, Notts, and formerly
+  Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford.
+
+  Also,
+
+  A NEW EDITION OF THE FIRST SERIES, and a SECOND EDITION of the
+  SECOND SERIES, price 7_s._ 6_d._ each.
+
+    "Their style is simple, the sentences are not artfully
+    constructed, and there is an utter absence of all attempt at
+    rhetoric. The language is plain Saxon language, from which 'the
+    men on the wall' can easily gather what it most concerns them to
+    know."--_Theologian._
+
+    "The numerous possessors of Mr. Blencowe's former plain but
+    excellent volumes will be glad to receive the third series of his
+    Plain Sermons, addressed to a Country Congregation, similar in
+    character and texture to the two series which have preceded
+    it."--_Guardian._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES; or, Select Specimens of Early and
+Middle Pointed Structures; with a few of the Purest Late Pointed
+Examples, illustrated by Geometric and Perspective Drawings. By Henry
+Bowman and J. S. Crowther, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in
+Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, imperial folio. Price 9_s._,
+plain; 10_s._ 6_d._ tinted; proofs, large paper, 12_s._ each. Issued at
+intervals of Two months. Thirteen parts now published.
+
+    "We can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily
+    recommend the series to all who are able to patronize
+    it."--_Ecclesiologist._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+GOTHIC ORNAMENTS: being a Series of Examples of Enriched Details and
+Accessories of the Architecture of Great Britain. Drawn from existing
+Authorities. By James K. Colling, Architect. In 2 vols. royal 4to.,
+price 7_l._ 10_s._ in appropriate cloth binding, containing 209 plates,
+nearly 50 of which illustrate the existing finely painted and gilt
+decorations of the Cathedrals and Churches of the Middle Ages. The work
+may be also had in numbers, price 3_s_., or in parts, together or
+separately.
+
+    "The completion of this elaborate work affords us an opportunity
+    of doing justice to its great merits. It was necessary to the
+    appreciation of the characteristics and the beauties of Gothic
+    architecture, that some more extensive series of illustrations
+    should be given to the world. Until the appearance of this work,
+    that of Pugin was the only one of any importance and
+    accuracy."--_Architectural Quarterly Review._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+EXAMPLES OF ANTIENT PULPITS EXISTING IN ENGLAND. Selected and drawn from
+Sketches and measurements taken on the Spot, with descriptive
+Letter-press. By Francis T. Dollman, Architect. Royal 4to., cloth, price
+2_l._ 2_s._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Second Edition, 4to., having the plates of the Tesselated Pavements all
+coloured, 25_s._, 8vo., plain, 15_s._
+
+  ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE REMAINS OF ROMAN ART. By Professor Buckman,
+  F.L.S., F.G.S., and C. H. Newmarch, Esq.
+
+    "A work which will not only gratify the antiquary by its details,
+    and the beauty and fidelity of its engravings, but enable the
+    general reader to picture to himself the social condition of
+    Corinium when garrisoned by Roman cohorts."--_Notes and Queries._
+
+    "A handsome book, of much research, where the various topics are
+    fully and carefully handled, in a conscientious spirit. There are
+    also well-executed fac-similes of the chief objects and mosaic
+    designs."--_Spectator._
+
+    "The field successfully explored by Professor Buckman and Mr.
+    Newmarch has produced a series, unique perhaps in Britain, of
+    those interesting decorations in mosaic work which so strikingly
+    evince, in this remote colony, the power of Roman art."--_Journal
+    of the Archaeological Institute._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Just published, and may be had for the Postage, Six Stamps,
+
+  A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN ECCLESIASTICAL and MONASTIC HISTORY and
+  BIOGRAPHY, ANTIQUITIES, COUNCILS, &c., comprising the best works
+  on these subjects, and interspersed with general and secular
+  history, with a Classified Index.
+
+  C. J. STEWART, 11. King William Street, West Strand, London.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 28, 1851.
+
+
+
+
+  List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-III:
+
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1-15  | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17-32  | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33-48  | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49-64  | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65-79  | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81-96  | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |  1-15   | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  | 17-31   | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  | 33-47   | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  | 49-78   | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 | 81-95   | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 | 97-111  | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number
+87, June 28, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JUNE 28, 1851 ***
+
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