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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Clan Fraser in Canada, by Alexander Fraser
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Clan Fraser in Canada
+       Souvenir of the First Annual Gathering
+
+Author: Alexander Fraser
+
+Release Date: September 7, 2011 [EBook #37340]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CLAN FRASER IN CANADA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by James Wright and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Canada Team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net (This
+book was created from images of public domain material
+made available by the University of Toronto Libraries
+(http://link.library.utoronto.ca/booksonline/).)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration:
+       ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE CLAN FRASER,
+      With the Maple Leaf Entwined for Canada.]
+
+
+
+
+                                 THE
+                             CLAN FRASER
+                              IN CANADA
+
+                              Souvenir
+                               of the
+                       First Annual Gathering
+
+                       Toronto, May 5th, 1894.
+
+
+                                 BY
+                          ALEXANDER FRASER
+
+                          (MAC-FHIONNLAIDH)
+
+                              TORONTO:
+                        Mail Job Printing Co.
+                               1895.
+
+
+
+
+                           PREFATORY NOTE
+
+
+The chief object aimed at by the publication of this little volume is to
+furnish, in a concise and inexpensive form, information regarding the
+Clan Fraser not readily accessible to clansmen in Canada. It is also
+hoped a perusal of the contents will strengthen the clan sentiment, and
+deepen the interest in the ancient clan bond and in the long and
+illustrious history of the Clan. But the book being essentially an
+account of the first Annual Gathering held by the Clan in the Province
+of Ontario, it will be an interesting souvenir of that pleasant event;
+and probably the hope may not be too sanguine that its appearance will
+mark an onward step in the record of the Clan in the Dominion.
+
+The publication has been undertaken under the auspices of the
+newly-formed Clan Fraser in Canada, and the thanks of the editor are due
+to Professor W. H. Fraser, of Toronto University, and to Mr. Alexander
+Fraser (of Fraserfield, Glengarry), the Printing Committee of the Clan;
+also to Mr. J. Lewis Browne, for the music to which the "Fraser Drinking
+Song," written by Mrs. Georgina Fraser-Newhall, has been set.
+
+                                                                   A. F.
+Toronto, February, 1895.
+
+
+
+
+                                Contents.
+
+
+                                                                      PAGE.
+Introduction                                                             9
+      Fraser's Highlanders                                              11
+      Seventy-First Regiment                                            15
+      Fraser De Berry's Organization                                    16
+
+Formation of the Clan Fraser in Canada                                  21
+
+First Annual Clan Dinner                                                22
+
+Toast of "The Clan," containing references to:--
+      Origin of the Clan, Change of Surnames                            31
+      Origin of the Name "Fraser"--The Norman-French Theory             37
+      Mr. Skene's Position Criticised                                   39
+      The Bond between Lord Lovat and the Marquis de la Frezelière      40
+      Scottish Origin of the Name                                       42
+      Mr. Homer Dixon's Argument                                        43
+      The Frasers in the Lowlands                                       45
+      The Clan Fraser Established in the Highlands                      49
+      Succession of the Chiefs                                          50
+      Alexander of Beaufort                                             56
+      Succession of the Strichen Family                                 58
+      A Curious Prediction                                              59
+
+Reply to the Toast                                                      62
+
+A Guest Honored                                                         65
+
+Toast of "The Clan in Canada."                                          67
+   "     "Distinguished Clansmen"                                       73
+          In Art                                                        74
+          In Science                                                    76
+          In Literature                                                 81
+          In Theology                                                   87
+          In War                                                        88
+          In Politics                                                   90
+
+Organization of the Clan                                                92
+
+Georgina Fraser-Newhall                                                 93
+
+Fraser's Drinking Song                                                  96
+
+Simon Fraser, Discoverer of the Fraser River                            98
+
+Simon Lord Lovat, Beheaded on Tower Hill                               103
+
+Brigadier Simon Fraser                                                 104
+
+Second Annual Dinner                                                   107
+
+Constitution and By-laws of the Clan                                   109
+
+List of Officers                                                       112
+
+Illustrations:
+      Frontispiece--Armorial Bearings of the Clan
+      Menu and Toast List Card                                          23
+      Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh)                                 33
+      Robert Lovat Fraser                                               63
+      Ex-Mayor John Fraser                                              75
+      William A. Fraser                                                 79
+      Georgina Fraser-Newhall                                           94
+      Simon, Fourteenth Lord Lovat                                     102
+      Brigadier Simon Fraser                                           105
+
+
+
+
+                           INTRODUCTORY
+
+
+The Gael has proved himself not less a pioneer of civilization, and
+adaptable to changing conditions of living, than a lover of the
+traditions of his race, holding tenaciously by ancient usages and
+manners, and stirred profoundly by racial sentiment. As a pioneer he has
+reached "the ends of the earth," possessing the unoccupied parts of the
+world. As a patriot he has established not a few of his cherished
+customs in the land of his adoption. His love of kindred is probably his
+most notable characteristic; it found embodiment in the clan system,
+under which his race achieved its greatest triumphs and enjoyed its
+greatest glories, and the bond of clanship, with its inspiring memories,
+the true clansman will never disregard. While the clan system, as such,
+would be impracticable in the British colonies under present-day
+conditions, even more so than in its old home in the Highlands of
+Scotland, its spirit lives, leavening the system of government and
+exercising no small influence in the fusion of heterogeneous elements
+into new and distinct peoples.
+
+These observations are applicable in a peculiar degree to Canada, where
+a very large number of clansmen have found a second Highland home. Many
+of the forests which rang with the clash of the claymore in the struggle
+for British supremacy, fell afterwards to the axe of the Gaelic settler.
+His trail lies across the continent, from ocean to ocean. His energy and
+intelligence have been honorably felt in every walk of life, and his
+enterprise and skill have done much to develop and upbuild the Dominion.
+No body of people occupies a more distinguished place in this respect
+than the Frasers; indeed, even among the clans, no name is more closely
+identified than that of "Fraser" with the early days of Canada. To tell
+of their services on the field, in government, in commerce, in the
+professions, would occupy a large volume, as would a similar story of
+other clans, and an attempt to do so, in an introductory chapter, would
+be altogether out of place, but there are a few events of importance to
+the country in which the Frasers figured to which it will be well to
+allude with fitting brevity.
+
+Those who hold the Norman theory believe the first of the name of
+"Fraser" in Scotland, "came over with William the Conqueror," and they
+ask no better proof of the antiquity of the name. If the early
+connection of the Clan with Canada be any satisfaction to clansmen
+there, then it may be stated with truth that the first settlers of the
+name "came over with Wolfe the Conqueror," and their services were as
+conspicuous in the military operations conducted by the intrepid young
+General, who gave his life for his country on the Plains of Abraham, as
+were those performed by any brave knight, whose name may be found on the
+roll of Battle Abbey.
+
+The story of Fraser's Highlanders forms one of the most romantic
+chapters in the annals of the clans, and should the time come when it
+is fairly and fully given to the world, it will prove a valuable
+addition to the history of Highland life and of early Canada.
+
+For the part taken by the Clan in the uprising of 1745, Lord Simon was
+beheaded on Tower Hill and the Fraser estates were forfeited to the
+Crown. The Master of Lovat appeared at the head of the Clan on the
+Stuart side; but, as he was young at the time and had acted by his
+father's command, he was pardoned, and in 1757, in accordance with the
+wise, conciliatory policy of Mr. Pitt, he was commissioned to raise a
+regiment of his clansmen, of which he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel
+commanding. In General Stewart's Sketches a brief but interesting
+account of this, the old Seventy-Eighth Regiment, is given, an extract
+from which will show the strength of the clan ties then existing, and
+the high character of the men who were raised on the Lovat territory.
+General Stewart says: "Without estate, money or influence, beyond that
+influence which flowed from attachment to his family, person and name,
+this gentleman (the Master of Lovat), in a few weeks found himself at
+the head of 800 men, recruited by himself. The gentlemen of the country
+and the officers of the regiment added more than 700, and thus a
+battalion was formed of 13 companies of 105 rank and file each, making
+in all 1,460 men, including 65 sergeants and 30 pipers and drummers."
+All accounts concur in describing this regiment as a superior body of
+men; their character and actions raised the military reputation and gave
+a favorable impression of the moral virtues of the sons of the
+mountains. The uniform was the full Highland dress, with musket and
+broadsword, dirk and sporran of badger's or otter's skin. The bonnet was
+raised or cocked on one side, with a slight bend inclining down to the
+right ear, over which were suspended two or more black feathers.
+
+The regiment embarked at Greenock, and landed at Halifax in June, 1757,
+and followed the fortunes of the war for six years. "On all occasions,"
+says Stewart, "this brave body of men sustained a uniform character for
+unshaken firmness, incorruptible probity and a strict regard both to
+military and moral duties." Their chaplain was a man of note as of
+stature. His name was Robert Macpherson, but he was known in the
+regiment as _An Caipeal Mor_, being of large physique. He exercised the
+traditional authority of a Highland minister, and we are told that the
+men were always anxious to conceal their misdemeanors from him.
+
+The cold climate, it was feared, would prove too severe to the Frasers,
+who wore the kilt, and an attempt, kindly conceived, no doubt, was made
+to change the "garb of old Gaul" for the trews. The proposal aroused
+strenuous opposition; officers and men opposed the change and finally
+were successful. The strength of feeling awakened may be judged from the
+words of one of the soldiers in the regiment: "Thanks to our generous
+chief, we were allowed to wear the garb of our fathers, and, in the
+course of six winters, showed the doctors that they did not understand
+our constitution; for in the coldest winters our men were more healthy
+than those regiments that wore breeches and warm clothing." A somewhat
+amusing anecdote is related of how the Nuns of the Ursuline Convent,
+where the Frasers were quartered in 1759-60, endeavored to induce
+Governor Murray to be allowed to provide sufficient raiment for the
+kilted soldiers, but, of course, without success.
+
+At Louisburg, Montmorenci, Ste. Foye and on the Plains of Abraham, the
+Frasers distinguished themselves greatly. One of the most eloquent
+tributes to their prowess was spoken by the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, the
+French-Canadian, at the inauguration in 1855 of the Statue of Bellona
+sent by Prince Napoleon for the monument erected on the famous
+battlefield. The French-Canadian historian Garneau, and other writers in
+whose veins courses the blood of the vanquished at Quebec, have borne
+generous testimony to their military bearing and good conduct. Garneau
+writes of the battle of Carillon, 1758: "It was the right of the trench
+works that was longest and most obstinately assailed; in that quarter
+the combat was most sanguinary. The British Grenadiers and Highlanders
+there persevered in the attack for three hours, without flinching or
+breaking rank. The Highlanders above all, under Lord John Murray,
+covered themselves with glory. They formed the troops confronting the
+Canadians, their light and picturesque costumes distinguishing them from
+all other soldiers amid the flames and smoke. The corps lost the half of
+its men, and twenty-five of its officers were killed or severely
+wounded;" and the genial Le Moine, half Highland and half French, says:
+"The Frasers of 1759 and of 1775 readily courted danger or death in that
+great duel which was to graft progress and liberty on that loved emblem
+of Canada, the pride of its forests--the Maple Tree. If at times one
+feels pained at the ferocity which marked the conflict and which won for
+Fraser's Highlanders at Quebec, the name _Les Sauvages d'Ecosse_,[1] one
+feels relieved, seeing that the meeting was inevitable, that the sturdy
+sons of Caledonia, in Levis' heroic Grenadiers, did find a foe worthy
+of their steel. Scotchmen, on the field of Ste. Foye, in deadly
+encounter with France's impetuous warriors, doubtless acknowledged that
+the latter were not unworthy descendants of those whom they had helped
+to rout England's soldiery on the fields of Brangé, Crevant and
+Verneuil."
+
+[Footnote 1: It is but fair to state that Fraser's Highlanders showed no
+more ferocity than the usages of war justified. There were barbarous
+atrocities committed, undoubtedly, but for these, the Highlanders were
+not responsible.--A.F.]
+
+At the close of the war many of the officers and men settled in the
+Provinces of Quebec and Nova Scotia, having obtained their discharge and
+grants of land in the New World. It was not long ago computed that the
+descendants of these Highlanders in the Province of Quebec numbered
+3,000, but merged in the French-Canadian peasantry to such an extent
+that even the names have lost their original form. In Nova Scotia the
+name Fraser flourishes in every township of every county. There have
+been many accessions to the Clan since the days of the Seventy-Eighth
+and the Battle of the Plains, but at least four-fifths of those bearing
+the Clan name in Canada to-day, trace their descent from the victorious
+clansmen of Cape Breton and Quebec.
+
+On the outbreak of the American War the Royal Highland Emigrants were
+embodied, and in that regiment, commanded by the gallant Lieut.-Colonel
+Allan MacLean (son of Torloisk), 300 men who had belonged to Fraser's
+regiment enlisted. In the interval between the cession of Canada and the
+American War, the Lovat estates were restored to the Master of Lovat,
+for his eminent services (the title was kept in abeyance), and he was
+asked to raise a regiment, the Seventy-First, of two battalions. This he
+speedily accomplished and soon found himself at the head of a double
+regiment numbering 2,340 officers and men. They behaved with the highest
+distinction throughout the war and earned flattering encomiums from the
+commanding officers. General Stewart, than whom no more competent
+authority has written of Highland regiments, and but few who have
+understood Highland character better, whose Sketches have furnished
+facts to all subsequent writers on the subject, speaks of the
+Seventy-First, Fraser's Highlanders, thus: "Their moral conduct was in
+every way equal to their military character. Disgraceful punishments
+were unknown. Among men religious, brave, moral and humane, disgraceful
+punishments are unnecessary. Such being the acknowledged general
+character of these men, their loyalty was put to the test and proved to
+be genuine. When prisoners, and solicited by the Americans to join their
+standard and settle among them, not one individual violated the oath he
+had taken, or forgot his fidelity or allegiance, a virtue not generally
+observed on that occasion, for many soldiers of other corps joined the
+Americans, and sometimes, indeed, entered their service in a body." The
+Seventy-First did not leave many behind as settlers, and the reference
+to it here is only permissible as illustrating the high character of the
+Clan, of which the Seventy-Eighth, which left its quota of settlers
+behind, formed an important part. General Simon Fraser's intimate
+connection with Canada, as commanding officer of Fraser's Highlanders
+(1757), and in other interesting respects, may suffice as a reason why a
+good anecdote of him may be here related. When the Seventy-First
+mustered at Glasgow, Lochiel was absent, being ill at London. His
+absence had not, evidently, been explained to his company, for they
+demurred to embark without their chief; they feared some misfortune had
+befallen him. General Fraser had a command of eloquent speech and he
+succeeded in persuading them to embark with their comrades. It is
+related that while he was speaking in Gaelic to the men, an old
+Highlander, who had accompanied his son to Glasgow, was leaning on his
+staff gazing at the General with great earnestness. When he had
+finished, the old man walked up to him and, with that easy familiar
+intercourse, which in those days subsisted between the Highlanders and
+their superiors, shook him by the hand, exclaiming "Simon, you are a
+good soldier, and speak like a man; so long as you live, Simon of Lovat
+will never die;" alluding to the General's address and manner, which was
+said to resemble much that of his father, Lord Lovat, whom the old
+Highlanders knew perfectly.
+
+
+                       THE DE BERRY ORGANIZATION.
+
+We have now seen the origin of the Frasers in Canada; they came in war,
+but the swords were readily turned into ploughshares, and the arts of
+peace cultivated with a constancy and success that equalled their
+intrepidity and valor on the battlefield. Years rolled on, the Clan
+multiplied and prospered, and, in the course of time, a project was
+entered upon for the formation of a new Clan Fraser on Canadian soil.
+The leading spirit of the movement was the Hon. John Fraser de Berry, a
+member for the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec. A meeting
+of Frasers was held in response to the following public advertisement:
+
+                             FRASER CLAN.
+
+     THE FRASERS of the Province of Quebec are respectfully requested to
+     meet at the office of Messrs. THOMAS FRASER & CO., at the Lower
+     Town, Quebec, on SATURDAY, the twenty-fifth day of January, 1868,
+     at TEN o'clock A.M., to take into consideration the advisability of
+     organizing the "CLAN" for the Dominion of Canada.
+
+                    JOHN FRASER DE BERRY,   A. FRASER,
+                    A. FRASER, SR.,         A. FRASER, JR.,
+                    J. R. FRASER,           FRED. FRASER,
+JANUARY 21, 1868.   JOHN FRASER,            J. FRASER.
+
+At this meeting preliminary steps were taken to further the object in
+view, and another meeting was held on February 8th, 1868, of which the
+following report has been taken from the _Quebec Mercury_:
+
+At a meeting of the "Frasers" of the Province of Quebec, held at Mrs.
+Brown's City Hotel, on the 8th February, 1868, Alexander Fraser, Esq.,
+notary, ex-Member for the County of Kamouraska, now resident in Quebec,
+in the chair; Mr. Omer Fraser, of St. Croix, acting as Secretary.
+
+1. It was unanimously resolved:
+
+That it is desirable that the family of "Frasers" do organize themselves
+into a clan with a purely and benevolent social object, and, with that
+view, they do now proceed to such organization by recommending the
+choice of
+
+    A Chief for the Dominion of Canada;
+    A Chief for each province;
+    A Chief for each electoral division;
+    A Chief for each county;
+    A Chief for each locality and township.
+
+2. That the Chief of the Dominion of Canada be named "The Fraser," and
+that he be chosen at a general meeting of the Frasers of all the
+provinces; the said meeting to be held on the second Thursday in the
+month of May next, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, in such place in the
+City of Ottawa as will then be designated.
+
+3. That it is desirable that the Chief of the Province of Quebec and the
+Chiefs of the electoral divisions represented at said meeting be chosen
+forthwith; and that the Chief elected for this province be authorized
+and empowered to name the Chiefs for such divisions as are not
+represented at present, the said selection shall, however, be subject to
+the approbation of the Frasers of the division interested, who will
+make the same known at a meeting to be called without delay, by the
+Chief of the Province of Quebec, with the view to proceed to the
+nomination of the Chiefs of counties comprehended in the said division.
+
+4. That Chiefs of counties be obliged to convene also without delay, a
+meeting by which shall be chosen all the Chiefs of parishes or
+townships.
+
+5. That it shall be the duty of the Chief chosen for a parish or
+township to report to the Chief of his county as early as possible, the
+number of Frasers residing in his parish or township; and of the Chief
+of the county in his town, to report to the Chief of his electoral
+division, who will transmit it, together with his own report, to the
+Chief of his province; the said report to contain the number of Frasers
+in his division, in order that the force of the Clan in each province
+may be ascertained on the 14th of May next, at the meeting at Ottawa.
+
+6. That it is advisable that the meeting at Ottawa, representing all the
+Clan, be composed of all its divers Chiefs from the Chiefs of provinces,
+even to the Chiefs of parishes or townships inclusively, and any other
+Frasers who may desire to attend at the same.
+
+7. That the above resolutions and the nominations, which are to take
+place this day, or which may be made hereafter by the Chief of the
+province, shall be considered as preliminary and temporary, as they are
+made with the sole object of organizing the Clan, and not to bind in any
+manner whatever the Frasers, who will be at perfect liberty to
+reorganize themselves completely anew at the Ottawa meeting.
+
+8. That the Clan shall not be considered to exist until and after the
+next anniversary or Dominion Day, the first of July next, under such
+rules and regulations as will be adopted at the meeting at Ottawa; the
+Frasers of this meeting protest energetically against any intention,
+which might be attributed to them, of dictating their will to their
+namesakes of this province; they are simply attempting to organize and
+with a benevolent object, to adopt temporarily the above resolutions the
+better to attain that end.
+
+9. That the sister provinces of Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
+be respectfully requested to organize themselves, and to send delegates
+to the meeting at Ottawa, on the fourteenth of May next, that time
+having been selected because in all probability the parliament will
+still be in session, and the members may attend the session before
+dispersing.
+
+10. That all proceedings be respectfully submitted to the "Fraser"
+family, which is one of the most ancient, one of the most noble, one of
+the most influential, and one of the most numerous families of the
+Dominion of Canada.
+
+11. That all the newspapers throughout the Dominion of Canada, who have
+subscribers of the name of Fraser, are requested to publish the
+proceedings of this meeting.
+
+After which the meeting proceeded to the nomination of the following
+officers, who were unanimously elected:
+
+I. To be the Chief of the Province of Quebec:
+
+The Honorable JOHN FRASER DE BERRY, Esquire, one of the members of the
+Legislative Council of the said Province, etc., being the fifty-eighth
+descendant of Jules de Berry, a rich and powerful lord (seigneur) who
+feasted sumptuously the Emperor Charlemagne, and his numerous suite, at
+his castle in Normandy, in the eighth century.
+
+II. For the following electoral divisions:
+
+_Lauzon_,--THOMAS FRASER, Esquire, farmer, of Pointe Levis.
+
+_Kennebec_,--SIMON FRASER, Esquire, of St. Croix.
+
+_De la Durantaye_,--ALEXANDER FRASER, Esquire, farmer, of St. Vallier.
+
+_Les Laurentides_,--WILLIAM FRASER, Esquire, of Lake St. John,
+Chicoutimi.
+
+_Grandville_,--JEAN ETIENNE FRASER, Esquire, Notary.
+
+_Green Island Stadacona_,--ALEXANDER FRASER, Esquire, Notary, St. Roch,
+Quebec.
+
+The meeting having voted thanks to the President and Secretary, then
+adjourned.
+
+                                              ALEX. FRASER,
+                                                         _President_.
+
+                                               OMER FRASER,
+                                                         _Secretary_.
+
+There was a good response to the call for the general meeting, letters
+having been sent broadcast over the Dominion. As chief of the Frasers of
+British North America, the Hon. James Fraser de Ferraline, in the
+Province of Nova Scotia, was elected. He was a scion of the Ferraline
+and Gorthlic families of the Clan. One hundred and eleven subordinate
+chieftains of provinces and districts were elected and Mr. John Fraser
+de Berry was appointed Secretary to the "New Clan Fraser," as it was
+called. For various reasons, chief among them being, probably, its
+elaborate constitution and the intangible purposes for which it was
+called into existence, the organization did not make satisfactory
+headway and in the course of not many years it failed to attract any
+public attention whatever, and ceased to exist. In its brief career it
+gathered some interesting information about the clansmen. In a report
+drawn up by the Secretary, De Berry, whose exertions on its behalf were
+unwearying, it is stated that there were then over 12,000 persons, men,
+women and children of the name Fraser, some speaking French, not one of
+whom was a day laborer, or "earning daily wages," but all in comfortable
+circumstances, many in positions of honour and trust.
+
+
+
+
+                FORMATION OF THE CLAN FRASER IN CANADA
+
+
+Although Mr. John Fraser de Berry's scheme failed it was believed that
+there was room for a less pretentious and more practicable clan
+organization in Canada. There was little diminution of the clan feeling;
+the desire of those having the same origin and name, the same glorious
+clan history, in common, to enjoy a friendly intercourse, was natural
+and reasonable, and at length it assumed a practical form. Early in the
+spring of 1894 a meeting was held in the office of the _Toronto Daily
+Mail_, at which there were present: Messrs. George B. Fraser, commission
+agent; Robert Lovat Fraser, barrister; Alexander R. Fraser, druggist;
+Dr. J. B. Fraser, physician; Alexander Fraser (of Fraserfield,
+Glengarry), Secretary to the Boiler Inspection Company; W. H. Fraser,
+Professor of Languages at the Toronto University; W. A. Fraser, civil
+engineer and contractor; W. P. Fraser, clerk, Dominion Bank; Andrew
+Fraser, commercial traveller; and Alexander Fraser, of the editorial
+staff of the _Daily Mail_. The last named, descended from the Clan Mhic
+Fhionnlaidh sept of the Struy Frasers, was appointed chairman of the
+meeting and Mr. W. A. Fraser, also descended from good Strathglass
+stock, was appointed Secretary. All agreed that a clan organization
+ought to be formed and as a first step it was thought well to test the
+feeling of the clansmen at a family dinner, which it was decided should
+be held on May 5th, 1894. Those present formed themselves into a
+committee to make arrangements for holding the dinner and the chairman
+and secretary of the meeting were appointed chairman and secretary of
+the committee. Invitations were sent to every member of the Clan in
+Ontario, Montreal, New York, Buffalo and Detroit, whose name the
+committee was able to procure, and about three hundred replies were
+received, in which, without exception, an earnest hope for the success
+of the proposed organization was expressed. The dinner took place as had
+been decided upon, on May 5th, 1894, at Webb's Restaurant, Toronto, and
+an account of the proceedings will now be given.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration of Menu cover:
+
+"MOR FHAICH"
+
+CLAN FRASER
+IN
+CANADA,
+
+FIRST
+ANNUAL DINNER
+
+MAY 5th
+1894]
+
+
+_A chuirm sgaoilte; chuaias an ceol
+   Ard sholas a'n talia nan triath._--OISEAN.
+
+
+Menu
+
+
+Soup.
+
+Scotch Broth.
+
+
+Fish.
+
+Boiled Sea Salmon from the Cruives of Lovat.
+Sgadan beag Poll-a-Roid. Pomme Natural, Anchovy Sauce.
+Bread and Butter Rolled.
+
+
+Entrees.
+
+HAGGIS
+PUNCH A LA ROMAIN.
+
+
+Joints.
+
+Roast Beef. Spring Lamb.
+
+
+Vegetables.
+
+Mashed Potatoes. Asparagus. French Peas.
+
+
+Entremets.
+
+Fraser Pudding.
+
+Curds and Cream. Oat Cakes. Assorted Fine Cakes.
+
+Shortbread. Cheese. Biscuits. Radishes.
+
+Neapolitan Ice Cream. Nuts. Figs. Dates.
+
+
+FRUITS. COFFEE.
+
+
+"_Smeorach Stratharaigeig; uiseag an urlair._"--SEAN-FHOCAI.
+
+Toast List
+
+
+1.                        The Queen.
+
+"She wrought her people lasting good."
+
+
+2.                        The Chief.
+
+"Tostamaid ar ceann a cinnidh;
+ Mac-Shimi mor na Morfhaich."
+
+"Master, go on, and I will follow thee
+ To the last gasp, with truth and loyalty."
+
+Bagpipe Music--"Morar Sim."
+
+
+3.                         The Clan.
+
+"I tell you a thing sickerly,
+ That yon men will win or die;
+ For doubt of deid they sall not flee."
+
+  "'N uair 'thig an cinneadh Frisealach,
+   Tha fios gur daoine borb iad."
+
+Bagpipe Music--"Caisteal Dunaidh."
+
+
+4.                        Our Guests.
+
+"Sir, you are very welcome to our house."
+
+Bagpipe Music--"Aird Mhic-Shimi."
+
+"Highland Fling," by Master Norman Fraser.
+
+
+5.                    The Clan in Canada.
+
+"Kindred alike, where'er our skies may shine,
+ Where'er our sight first drank the vital morn."
+
+Bagpipe Music--"Fhuair Mac-Shimi air ais an Oighearachd."
+
+
+6.                  Distinguished Clansmen.
+
+"Of singular integrity and learning,
+ Yea, the elect o' the land."
+
+(_a_) In Art; (_b_) in Science; (_c_) in Literature;
+(_d_) in Theology; (_e_) in War; (_f_) in Political Life.
+
+
+7.                        The Ladies.
+
+"Disguise our bondage as we will,
+ 'Tis woman, woman, rules us still."
+
+    "And when a lady's in the case,
+     You know, all other things give place."
+
+
+8.                     Deoch an Doruis.
+
+_Air (fonn) "Clementine."_
+
+Deoch an doruis, deoch an doruis,
+Deoch an doruis, 's i tha ann;
+Deoch an doruis, sguab as i,
+Cha'n eil Mac-na-Bracha gann.
+
+Auld Lang Syne. God Save the Queen.
+
+The bagpipe music will be furnished by Mr. Robert Ireland, Pipe
+Major of the 48th Highlanders, Toronto.
+
+[Illustration of Clan device of targe and crossed swords]
+
+
+                           THE CLAN DINNER.
+
+
+Although the number that sat around the festive board was much smaller
+than had been expected, the elements requisite for a successful
+gathering were strongly in evidence, and, as a matter of fact, the
+inaugural dinner of the Clan turned out to be a most satisfactory event.
+Many of the absentees had conveyed good reasons for their absence, and
+hearty greetings to the assembled company. From a large number of
+letters it would be difficult to make a selection for the reader and the
+demands of space would prevent it, although some of them are really
+worth reproducing. Of special interest were the letters from Messrs. O.
+K. Fraser, Brockville; John Fraser, Wm. Lewis Fraser and Thomas Fraser,
+New York; P. M. Fraser, St. Thomas; Donald Fraser, Windsor; R. J.
+Fraser, Barrie; R. M. Fraser, Goderich; Rev. R. D. Fraser, Bowmanville;
+Rev. J. B. Fraser, M.D., Annan; John Fraser, Montreal; W. G. Fraser,
+Buffalo; Hon. Christopher Finlay Fraser, and B. Homer Dixon, K.N.L.,
+Toronto; the last named a Fraser on the maternal side and a gentleman
+deeply versed in the history of the Clan.
+
+The dining hall presented a very attractive appearance. The table was
+made beautiful with a tastefully arranged and selected display of
+flowers and plants, and appropriate to the occasion there were stags'
+heads on the walls, and the Fraser Clan tartan draped the pillars,
+doorway and windows. There were a number of articles of interest sent by
+friends, such as finely executed mezzo-tint pictures of Simon Lord
+Lovat, beheaded in 1747, and of Brigadier Simon Fraser, the hero of
+Saratoga; and a water-color of the Clan arms, from Mr. B. Homer Dixon; a
+map of Inverness-shire, showing the Clan possessions at various stages
+of its history, with the lands in the hands of cadets of the Clan, a
+life-size copy of Hogarth's picture of Simon Lord Lovat, the "last of
+the martyrs," a life-size copy of an engraving of Sir Alexander Fraser
+of Phillorth, founder of the University of Fraserburgh, sent by the
+Chairman.
+
+The menu card, a copy of which has been reproduced for this volume, will
+be found to have been a clever effort of the artist, Mr. W. A. Fraser,
+Secretary of Committee. A representation of the Falls of Foyers is
+given on the cover, and on the last page a celtic armorial device
+surrounded by the names of a number of old Fraser estates.
+
+The Chairman was Mr. Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh); and the
+vice-chairs were occupied by Mr. Robert Lovat Fraser, Barrister,
+Toronto, and ex-Mayor Fraser of Petrolea. A picture of the company is
+given on another page, which will form an interesting reminiscence of
+the happy gathering. From the picture, the face of one who was present
+at the dinner is unfortunately absent, that of Mr. Henry Sandham Fraser,
+and that of Mr. Wm. Fraser, of whom a brief notice is given on another
+page, appears, although he was not present, as he would have been were
+it not that he was just then stricken down with illness, to which, not
+long afterwards, he succumbed. The dinner was excellently served, and
+then came the toast list with the speeches. The first toast was that of:
+
+
+                             "THE QUEEN."
+
+The Chairman in proposing the health of the Queen said:--Our Clan has
+invariably been a loyal one, even in the rising which terminated so
+fatally on the battlefield of Culloden, the Clan Fraser took part,
+believing that they were striking a blow for the rightful king. I am
+sure we all agree that no sovereign has ever held sway over the British
+Empire who is more worthy of the regard of men of Highland blood than
+Her Majesty Queen Victoria. She who has given so many proofs of regard
+for the Highland people is beloved by them in return. Her volumes of her
+life in the Highlands, one of which has been well translated into Gaelic
+and the other indifferently so, bear testimony to the deep interest with
+which she regards that portion of her ancient kingdom of Scotland, to
+which we lay claim as our native land. She has gone in and out among the
+peasantry and gentry with perfect confidence in their loyalty and in
+their attachment to her person. She surrounded herself by faithful
+Highlanders, and their services to her, whether in the household or in
+positions of public preferment, have been uniformly of a high character
+and invariable success. That she may long live and rule in the hearts of
+her people, no body of men can wish more strongly than this company that
+has given to her name its just place of honor at the head of the toast
+list.
+
+The toast was cordially honored.
+
+
+                             "THE CHIEF."
+
+The Chairman next proposed the toast of the Chief. He said: It is stated
+that a man of the name of Cameron, who had fought at the Battle of
+Falkirk with the Royal Army, his clan being on the side of the Prince,
+joined his kinsmen after the battle, but still wore the Royal uniform in
+the bonnet of which there was a cockade. Lord Kilmarnock, coming up and
+seeing an armed Royalist, as he thought, suspected danger to the Prince,
+and in an altercation he snatched the cockade from the soldier's hat and
+trampled upon it. This aroused the ire of the Camerons who saw their
+comrade maltreated, and they resented Kilmarnock's interference, saying,
+"No Colonel nor General in the Prince's army can take that cockade out
+of the hat of a Cameron except Lochiel himself." I mention this incident
+as affording a good example of the bond of fealty by which the clansman
+was held to his chief. To him the chief was supreme in all things. He
+was not only the head of his family, but the provider and protector of
+the clan. His authority he derived from his position, his position he
+secured, sometimes by the good-will of the clan, but generally on
+account of birth. The clansmen considered themselves as the children of
+the chief, and the system demanded that they subordinate themselves to
+his rule. Without a chief or his substitute there could be no organized
+clan, and it is rightly understood how important was his position under
+the clan system. Chiefs of our Clan proved themselves to be worthy of
+the position, as a rule, and Simon Joseph, Lord Lovat, the young
+nobleman who now holds the chiefship, already gives promise of
+faithfully following in the footsteps of his forefathers. At the
+celebration of his majority, not long ago, there was a considerable
+gathering of clansmen and others to do him honor, and the manner in
+which he performed his part as host on that occasion is an augury of a
+distinguished future. It is said that he shows a deep interest in the
+welfare of his people, that he is a young man of highly patriotic
+feelings, and, as his sphere of usefulness is a wide one, he, no doubt,
+will have ample opportunity of filling the highest expectations of the
+Clan. Following the traditions of his house he has entered the army,
+and, should he decide to follow arms as a profession, no doubt the
+military genius of his race, bequeathed to him through a long line of
+ancestors, will win for him honorable distinction as a soldier. I now
+ask you to charge your glasses and to drink to the health of our young
+chief with Highland honors.
+
+The toast was drunk with Highland honors; the company singing "He's a
+Jolly Good Fellow," after which the piper played the Clan welcome,
+"Morar Sim."
+
+Mrs. Charles Gordon Fraser was at this stage introduced, and her little
+boy, Master Norman Fraser, attired in Highland costume, gave a spirited
+and clever execution of the Highland fling, for which he was
+enthusiastically cheered.
+
+
+                             "THE CLAN."
+
+The Chairman proposed the next toast, that of the Clan. He said:--In
+rising to propose the toast of the evening, my first duty, it seems to
+me, is to express my sense of the great honor done me by my clansmen in
+asking me to preside over the first family dinner of the Clan in this
+Province. Many there be with us, who, from age and distinction and
+fitness in every respect, ought to have come before me, and who would
+have done greater honor to the position on such an occasion as this,
+than I can hope to do, even with your kind indulgence. The rather active
+part it has been my privilege to take in bringing about this happy
+gathering may have suggested your choice, and should I be right in this
+conjecture, that fact but deepens the feeling with which I regard the
+honor. But a still more arduous duty laid upon me was to give the toast
+of the evening, that of "The Clan." I can assure you it required all the
+courage I could muster to undertake the task. The motto of the Clan was
+held up to me, but I did not forget that _Je suis prest_ ought to be the
+corollary of _Paratus sum_, and I fear that but few could step into the
+breach and do full justice to the great Clan Fraser. In assigning the
+toast, moreover, the request was made that I should give as much
+information regarding the Clan, as could well be packed into a speech,
+even if the limit of time should have to be extended over that which is
+usually allowable for an after dinner effort; but, as I understand the
+information is intended for a wider circle of clansmen than is here, I
+feel assured of your patience and forbearance while I struggle through
+a narrative, the length of which under other circumstances would have
+been an unpardonable breach of good taste.
+
+The clan system holds an intermediate position between the patriarchal
+and feudal systems. It is sometimes confused with the former, more
+rarely with the latter. The feudal lordship, in its genius and scope of
+operation, was diametrically opposed to the salient characteristics of
+the clan system. The distinctions need not be enlarged upon here, let it
+suffice to draw attention to the fact that clanship was a distinct form
+of government, under well recognized and applied principles. In modern
+literature we find the characteristic most emphasized to be the loyalty
+with which the clansman followed and served his chief, as in the words
+of the quotation on our toast list, "Master, go on and I will follow
+thee, to the last gasp, with truth and loyalty." That truth and loyalty,
+however, was not born of a servile, but of a highly patriotic feeling,
+for the bond which united chief and clansman was that of kindred and
+common interest, and not of hire and servitude. This explains why a
+people so highly sensitive, fiery and impetuous as the Celts, gave such
+loyal and perfect allegiance to the chief of the clan.
+
+[Illustration: ALEXANDER FRASER (_Mac-Fhionnlaidh_)
+CHAIRMAN.]
+
+Since the fact that we were to hold a clan gathering got abroad, I have
+been asked for information regarding the origin of the clans in the
+Highlands. How these clans were first established authentic history does
+not record with clearness. We are left in the task of unravelling the
+origin of the clans to meagre allusions in classical writings, in
+genealogies which, to some extent at least, are mythical, and to
+tradition, ever changing with the progress of the centuries. There can
+be no question that many of the clans grew gradually from the native
+population after the consolidation of the Scottish Kingdom. We know that
+tribes, some bearing names of modern clans, existed in what may be
+described as prehistoric times, in the ordinary acceptation of that
+term, in that part of Scotland north of the Forth and Clyde. Amongst
+these were the Bissets, the Fentons of the Aird, and others, whose names
+still survive in the County of Inverness, and who must have to some
+extent merged into the Fraser Clan, by adopting the name of the lord of
+the manor. I do not like to quote John Hill Burton as an authority,
+prejudiced, as he manifestly is, and unfair, as a rule, when dealing
+with the Highlands and the Celts, but a passage from his unreliable Life
+of Simon, Lord Lovat, will show how a surname may impose itself on a
+community and how clans have been, to some extent, constituted. He says:
+"In some instances the foreign family adopted a purely Celtic patronymic
+from the name of the sept of which they were the leaders. In other
+cases, such as the Gordons and Frasers, the sept, probably absorbing
+various small tribes and admitting to its bosom many stray members
+owning strange varieties of Gaelic names, took the name of the leader;
+hence we find the purest Gaelic spoken by people enjoying the Norman
+names of a Gordon or a Cumin. But, whether the imported lord of the soil
+adopted the name of the tribe or the tribe that of their lord, the
+unyielding influence of old national customs and peculiarities
+prevailed, and their families gradually adapted themselves in speech and
+method of life to the people over whom they held sway." This principle
+holds good in the case of the composite Fraser Clan, and a curious
+example is afforded by an extract from the Allangrange MS., with respect
+to the Rev. Wm. Fraser, of Kilmorack, published in that repository of
+Highland lore, the Celtic Magazine:--
+
+"Bishop Hay, maternal uncle to Agnes Lovat, carried away by Kenneth
+Mackenzie (a Bhlair), Seventh Baron of Kintail, when he sent away his
+first wife Margaret, daughter of John, Earl of Ross, advised Kenneth and
+the lady's friends that a commission should be sent to the Pope in 1491
+to procure the legitimation of their union. This was agreed to, and the
+following is the account of the commissioners:--
+
+"'To that effect one called Donald Dhu McChreggie, priest of Kirkhill,
+was employed. This priest was a native in Kintail, descended of a clan
+there called Clan Chreggie, who, being a hopeful boy in his younger
+days, was educated in Mackenzie's house, and afterwards at Beullie by
+the forementioned Dugall Mackenzie (natural son of Alexander 'Ionraic'
+VI. of Kintail pryor yrof). In the end he was made priest of Kirkhill.
+His successors to this day are called Frasers. Of this priest are
+descended Mr. William and Mr. Donald Fraser.'
+
+"The author of the Ardintoul MSS. gives a slightly different version,
+and says: 'To which end they sent Mr. Andrew Fraser, priest of Kintail,
+a learned and eloquent man, who took in his company Dugald Mackenzie,
+natural son of Alexander Inrig, who was a scholar. The Pope entertained
+them kindly, and very readily granted them what they desired, and were
+both made knights to the boot by Pope Clement VIII., but when my knights
+came home they neglected the decree of Pope Innocent III. against the
+marriage and consentricate of the clergy, or, otherwise, they got a
+dispensation from the then Pope Clement VIII., for both of them married.
+Sir Dugal was made priest of Kintail and married Nien (daughter) Dunchy
+Chaim in Glenmoriston. Sir Andrew likewise married, whose son was Donall
+Dubh MacIntagard (Black Donald, son of the Priest) and was priest of
+Kirkhill and chapter of Ross. His tacks of the Vicarage of Kilmorack to
+John Chisholm, of Comar, stands to this day. His son was Mr. William
+MacAhoulding, _alias_ Fraser, who died minister of Kiltarlady. His son
+was Mr. Donald Fraser, who died minister of Kilmorack; so that he is the
+fifth minister or ecclesiastical person in a lineal and uninterrupted
+succession, which falls out but seldom, and than which, in my judgment,
+nothing can more entitle a man to be really a gentleman; for that blood
+which runs in the veins of four or five generations of men of piety and
+learning and breeding cannot but have influence, and it confirms my
+opinion that the present Mr. Wm. Fraser (who is the fifth) has the
+virtues and commendable properties of his predecessors all united in
+him.'"
+
+We see here the ease with which a MacCreggie could become a Fraser, and,
+bearing in mind the principle noticed by Hill Burton, there is no
+difficulty in accounting for the origin and growth of our Clan in the
+Highlands. Whether we can tell the day of the month and the year on
+which Andrew or Simon Fraser first gazed on the winding Beauly or
+not--and the date can be approximately fixed--we, at all events, have no
+deep, unfathomable problem to solve as to the formation of the Fraser
+Clan. We know that the founder of the name in Inverness-shire arrived
+there as the head of a powerful Lowland house, that he settled among the
+native Caledonians of the country, assumed possession of the lands then
+forming his estate; that the people, who were as Celtic as those in any
+portion of the Highlands, bearing such names as Gille-Criosd,
+Mac-Killweralicke, Gill' Aindrea, etc., rallied around him, accepted his
+authority, became his followers, and gradually adopted the name. As has
+been remarked, some of those who were thus absorbed were the Bissets and
+the Fentons of the Aird; there were also the Haliburtons, the Corbets,
+and the Graemes of Lovat, whose estates fell into the possession of the
+Fraser family. From this beginning it is an easy matter to follow the
+fortunes of the Clan down the centuries from 1296, or thereabout, until
+the present day. But it is not as easy, nor is it as important, although
+interesting, to deal with the origin of the name and the ancient seat of
+those who bore it long, long ago. Yet the theories respecting the origin
+of the name must be taken notice of as traditions of interest, at least
+to the Clan.
+
+We meet the name of "Fraser" in various spellings in Ragman Roll, which
+dates A.D. 1292-97. Seventeen gentlemen of the family are on the roll,
+and the spellings given are: Fraser, Fresar, Frisel, Frisele, Freshele,
+de Fraser, and de Frisle. Whence derived? A Norman-French and a Celtic
+origin have been ascribed to it.
+
+
+THE NORMAN-FRENCH ORIGIN.--Skene settles this theory in a summary
+fashion. He accepts it as indubitable, and had he refrained from giving
+the grounds upon which he bases his opinion, his deservedly high
+reputation as a Celtic historian might have satisfied the general reader
+as to the truth of his _ipse dixit_. But the two reasons he advances are
+absurd. From his own words you will learn how he disposes of the origin
+of the Clan: "Of the Norman origin of the family of the Frasers it is
+impossible for a moment to entertain a doubt. They appear during the
+first few generations uniformly in that quarter of Scotland which is
+south of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, and they possessed at a very
+early period extensive estates in the counties of East Lothian and of
+Tweeddale; besides the name of Frisale, which is its ancient form,
+appears in the roll of Battle Abbey, thus placing the Norman character
+of their origin beyond a doubt." Mr. Skene's first reason is that, "they
+appear during the first few generations uniformly in that quarter of
+Scotland which is south of the Forth and Clyde." Had this part of
+Scotland been at that time inhabited by Normans, Mr. Skene's position
+would not seem so surprising as it does; but, as a matter of fact, at
+the time when the Frasers, according to Skene himself, flourished in the
+south of Scotland, the population there was Celtic, and his plain
+reasoning is: "The Frasers first appear in Scottish records as part of a
+Celtic population; therefore they must be of Norman origin!" Mr. Skene's
+second reason, while not so manifestly absurd, is equally weak. It is:
+"The name of Frisale, which is the ancient form of "Fraser," appears in
+the roll of Battle Abbey, thus placing the Norman character of their
+origin beyond a doubt." And it is on such grounds as these that Mr.
+Skene proceeds. Why, the ingenious Senachies, skilled in genealogy, if
+not in the unravelling of charter deeds, could give an infinitely more
+plausible statement of a continental descent. In the first place, it is
+now impossible to authenticate the genuineness of the Roll of Battle
+Abbey; and in the second place, if the roll were beyond question, there
+is nothing to show that the Frisale whose name appears on it was the
+progenitor of the Scottish Frasers. Mr. Skene does not pretend to prove
+that he passed from England to Scotland and founded the family there.
+But although he does not give us details, Mr. Skene's theory can be
+nothing else than that Frisale, the follower of William the Conqueror,
+was the same who received the lands held by the family in 1109 in the
+south of Scotland from the Scottish monarch. Let us see how this theory
+will bear examination. One sentence disposes of it completely and
+forever. There were Frasers in possession of estates in the south of
+Scotland before the Battle of Hastings, and from them Gilbert Fraser,
+who figures in the Cospatrick Charter of 1109, was descended. Long
+before 1109 the family had possessions in the Lothians and Tweeddale and
+farther to the north. It requires no more than this statement of fact to
+dispose of the Roll of Battle Abbey and the Frisale whose name furnished
+the late Historiographer Royal of Scotland with an easy outlet from an
+apparently difficult position. But supposing we allow for a moment the
+prior occupation of the Frasers to disappear from view, and with Skene
+begin at 1109 with Gilbert Fraser. Even then the case for Frisale would
+be hopelessly weak. The Battle of Hastings was fought in 1066. From 1058
+to 1093 Malcolm Ceanmor sat on the Scottish throne; he it would be,
+according to Skene, who gave Frisale the grant of the extensive estates
+of the Tweeddale Frasers. But he was the bitter foe of William the
+Conqueror, who supplanted Edgar Atheling, whose sister Margaret was
+Malcolm's Queen, and whose nephew, also named Edgar, reigned in Scotland
+until 1107. Is it credible that Malcolm or Donald Bane, or Duncan, or
+Edgar, would strip their own nobles, in times of very uncertain warfare,
+of their lands, in order to bestow them upon aliens, and these aliens
+the feudal vassals of their turbulent, warlike enemy? No careful reader
+of that period of Scottish history can believe that to have been
+possible. If it be said that Alexander I. and David I. favored Norman
+courtezans with grants of land on feudal titles, the answer is that
+Alexander mounted the throne not earlier than 1107, when the Frasers had
+already achieved historic prominence. While these remarks may suffice to
+indicate how valueless are the reasons put forward by Mr. Skene, they do
+not touch other theories pointing to a French origin prior to the reign
+of Malcolm Ceanmor. But these other theories having been rejected by Mr.
+Skene and his school, we may conclude that they rest their case on the
+statements just alluded to and disposed of.
+
+Annalists and Clan historians have, however, gone into particulars of
+the Norman-French theory. According to some the name was derived from
+the _fraise_ or 'strawberry' leaves in their arms, and it was related
+that they sprang from the Frezels of France. Others give different
+origins; but, before laying before you the serious objections to the
+Norman-French theory, it is right that I should repeat what has been in
+many quarters regarded as strong circumstantial evidence in its favor. I
+refer to the bond entered into, as late as the first part of the
+eighteenth century, between Simon Lord Lovat (who was beheaded) and the
+Marquis de la Frezelière. Lord Lovat was a fugitive in France at the
+time, and he was befriended by the Marquis. He wrote his life in French,
+afterwards translated into English and published in 1796. In it he makes
+the following statement:--
+
+"The house of Frezel, or Frezeau de la Frezelière, is one of the most
+ancient houses in France. It ascends by uninterrupted filiation, and
+without any unequal alliance, to the year 1030. It is able to establish
+by a regular proof sixty-four quarterings in its armorial bearings, and
+all noble. It has titles of seven hundred years standing in the abbey of
+Notre Dame de Noyers in Touraine. And it is certain, that, beside
+these circumstances of inherent dignity, the house de la Frezelière is
+one of the best allied in the kingdom. It numbers among its ancestors on
+the female side daughters of the families de Montmorenci, de Rieux, de
+Rohan, de Bretagne, de la Savonniere, de la Tremouille, de la Grandiere,
+and de St. Germains. Through the houses de Montmorenci, de Rieux, de
+Rohan, and de la Tremouille, to which the Marquis de la Frezelière is
+nearly allied, he can trace his filiation through all the French
+monarchs, up to Charlemagne, King of France and Emperor of the West.
+Down again through the various branches of the illustrious house of
+France, M. de la Frezelière may, without impropriety, assert his
+alliance to all the royal houses and almost all the principal nobility
+of Europe.
+
+"It is demonstrated by various historians, by the tradition of the two
+families, and from letters written from time to time from one to the
+other, that the house of Frezel or Frezeau de la Frezelière in France,
+and the house of Frezel or Fraser in Scotland, were of the same origin,
+and derived from the same blood. The Marquis de la Frezelière, the head
+and representative of the Frezels or Frezeaus in France, and Lord Lovat,
+the representative of the Frezels or Frasers in the north and the
+Highlands of Scotland, having happily encountered each other at Paris in
+the second journey that Lord Lovat made to France for the service of his
+king (1702), were therefore both of them highly gratified with the
+opportunity that offered itself of renewing their alliance and declaring
+their affinity in a common and authentic act of recognition drawn up for
+that purpose.
+
+"This record was executed on the one part by the Marquis de la
+Frezelière himself, by the Duke de Luxembourg, the Duke de Chatillon
+and the Prince de Tingrie, the three worthy and illustrious children of
+the late Marshal de Luxembourg Montmorenci, whose heroic exploits are
+not less glorious and celebrated than his descent is ancient and august.
+Several other lords of the house of Montmorenci, the Marquis de Rieux,
+and many noblemen related by blood and marriage to M. de la Frezelière,
+joined with the Marquis in affixing their signatures to this act of
+recognition. On the other part it was executed by Simon Lord Lovat, Mr.
+John Fraser, his brother, and Mr. George Henry Fraser, Major of the
+Irish regiment of Bourke in the French service, for themselves, in the
+name of their whole family in Scotland.
+
+"By this deed the kindred of the two houses of the Frezels or Frasers is
+placed out of all possible doubt. Accordingly from the moment in which
+it was executed the Marquis de la Frezelière regarded Lord Lovat rather
+as his brother and his child than as his remote relation; and had his
+re-establishment in Scotland nearer his heart than his own elevation in
+France."
+
+
+[Twenty Portrait Photographs of:
+
+J. H. Fraser Chas. Fraser A. W. Fraser Norman Fraser Andrew Fraser
+
+Jno. Fraser Elisha A. Fraser Dr. Mungo Fraser Dr. J. B. Fraser A. R. Fraser
+
+Alexander Fraser John Fraser Alexander Fraser Robt. L. Fraser W. P. Fraser
+
+William Fraser Hugh Miller W. H. Fraser Geo. B. Fraser Jas. Fraser]
+
+
+THE SCOTTISH ORIGIN OF THE NAME.--Logan, author of the "Scottish Gael,"
+agrees with those who claim a Scottish origin for the name. He derives
+it from _Frith_, 'a forest,' and _siol_--'seed,' 'offspring.' His theory
+has at least the merit of great probability, and is certainly to be
+preferred to the Norman-French, unless the latter can be supported by
+better evidence than has yet been brought forward. In a most interesting
+volume on surnames by Mr. B. Homer Dixon, K.N.L., published in 1857,
+there are very suggestive notes on the surname "Fraser." He agrees with
+Logan, and he combats the Norman origin. His interest in the Clan
+Fraser is one of descent from a notable cadet family, and in connection
+with the origin of the name he has kindly furnished me with the
+following valuable statement:--
+
+"I differ from Skene and the older writers who derive the Frasers either
+from Pierre Fraser, who came to Scotland about the year 800, and whose
+son Charles was made Thane of Man in 814, or from Julius de Berry, of
+Averme in the Bourbonnais, who, in the year 916, gave Charles the Simple
+so delicious a dish of strawberries that the king changed his name to
+'de Fraize' and gave him 'fraizes' for arms.
+
+"According to the best authorities hereditary surnames were not used
+until about the year 1000, and Arms were certainly not borne until after
+the Norman Conquest, being only introduced about four score years later
+at the time of the second Crusade, viz., A.D. 1146, and therefore more
+than two centuries after the date of those ascribed to Julius de Fraize.
+
+"That the last Lord Lovat believed in his Norman descent I do not doubt.
+Early in the last century (A.D. 1702) he signed a bond of recognition
+with the Marquis Frezeau or Frezel de la Frezelière, declaring that
+their name and origin were the same and acknowledging themselves as
+relations. The Frezeaus, however, were Anjevins from near Saumur, while
+the first Scotch Fraser was said to be a Bourbonnais; still both parties
+were probably easily satisfied with their bond, which only went to prove
+apparently more clearly the antiquity of the families, however
+unnecessary, for the Frezeaus or Frezels were one of the most ancient
+houses in France, and the Frasers are undoubtedly one of the noblest
+families in Scotland. Burton, in his Life of Lord Lovat, London, 147, p.
+104, throws discredit upon Lord Lovat's statement (Memoirs of Lord
+Lovat, London) of the antiquity of the family of Frezeau de la
+Frezelière, because, forsooth, there is no account of the family in 'le
+Père Anselme,' but Moreri (Grand Dicte. Histe. Basle, 1740) says 'the
+family was one of the most ancient in the kingdom' (almost the very
+words of Lord Lovat), 'and one of the most illustrious of the Province
+(Anjou), where they have possessed from time immemorial the seigniory of
+the Frezelière.' Moreri adds that there were Chevaliers Frezel in 1030,
+and, commencing his pedigree with the Chevalier Geoffrey, living in
+1270, carries it down uninterruptedly to the Marquis de la Frezelière,
+et de Monsieur Baron de Lasse, Lieutenant-General in the army and first
+Lieutenant-General in the Artillery, who died in 1711.
+
+"Both the Marquis and Lord Lovat were mistaken, however, for the Anjevin
+name does _not_ signify 'strawberry,' neither does that family bear
+'fraises' in their arms, but Frezeau or Frezel de la Frezelière
+signifies 'Ash of the Ash Plantation or Wood,' from the Romance word
+_Fraysse_, 'an ash tree;' and in Auvergne there is a family styled 'du
+Fraisse,' who bear an ash tree in their arms. Similar names to Frezel de
+la Frezelière are le Bastard de la Bastardière, Freslon de la
+Freslonnière, Raband de la Rabandière.
+
+"It is true that the name Frisell occurs in the Roll of Battle Abbey;
+but even allowing that to be authentic, what proof is there that the
+Frisell who accompanied the Conqueror in 1066, was the ancestor of
+Gilbert de Fraser, who possessed large estates in Tweeddale and Lothian
+in the time of Alexander I. (1107-1174)?
+
+"This Gilbert, the first of the family mentioned, is called 'de,' but
+the name was more frequently written without that prefix.
+
+"I believe that the Frasers are Scotch _ab origine_ and repeat that I
+consider the name to be Gaelic and older than the arms, which were
+canting arms, such as we have a royal example of as early as the time of
+Louis VII. (of 1180), who covered the shield of France with blue, the
+tincture of his royal robes, and then charged the same with lilies,
+derived originally from Isis, formerly worshipped in France.
+
+"The _fraises_ are quartered with three antique crowns, and here again
+authors differ, most writers saying they are for Bisset. Even Nisbet
+makes this error, although on another page he gives the arms of Bisset
+of Beaufort as 'Azure a bend argent!' Others say they were granted to
+Sir Simon Fraser, the 'Flower of Chivalrie,' the friend of Wallace and
+Bruce, for having three times re-horsed his king at the Battle of
+Methven, in 1306. This _may_ be their origin, but if so they were
+probably granted to or adopted by his grand nephew and heir, Sir Andrew
+Fraser, for Sir Simon Fraser was taken prisoner at this very battle,
+conveyed to London and beheaded. It is worthy of note, however, that the
+Grants, near neighbors and often allied to the Frasers, bear three
+antique crowns, though of a different tincture. Hugh, fifth Lord Lovat,
+married a daughter of the Laird of Grant, by whom, however, he had no
+issue. He died 1544."
+
+In another note Mr. Dixon says: "The court language of Scotland, at the
+time this family took their arms, which are totally different from those
+of the French house of Frezeau or Frezel, was a medley of Teutonic and
+French."
+
+
+IN THE LOWLANDS OF SCOTLAND.--But whether the derivation be from the
+Romance _fraysse_, 'an ash tree,' or the Gaelic _frith_, 'a forest,' we
+find the chief of the name firmly established as a powerful Scottish
+noble, manifesting the patriotism and national sentiment to be looked
+for in a native born baron, as early as 1109.
+
+His name was GILBERT DE FRASER, who, in the year named, witnessed a
+charter known as the Cospatrick Charter. It is generally conceded that
+he is the first with whom documentary history begins. That there were
+Frasers in Tweeddale and Lothian before him is certain, and the names of
+some of them have survived, but with this Gilbert begins the unbroken
+record of lineage which comes down to our own day. The lands possessed
+by the Frasers in the south of Scotland were extensive, and the family
+power was great, as will be indicated in the course of the brief
+reference to it which will be here made. Gilbert had three sons, Oliver,
+Udard and another whose name is not now known.
+
+OLIVER succeeded his father and built Oliver Castle, by which his name
+survives. There are many interesting descriptions of this old
+stronghold; that in the Ordnance Survey Report I quote on account of its
+brevity: "An ancient baronial fortalice in Tweedsmuir parish, S. W.
+Peeblesshire, on the left side of the river Tweed . . . Crowning a rising
+ground which now is tufted with a clump of trees, it was the original
+seat of the Frasers, ancestors of the noble families of Lovat and
+Saltoun, and passed from them to the Tweedies, who figure in the
+introduction to Sir Walter Scott's _Betrothed_, and whose maternal
+descendant, Thomas Tweedie-Stodart (b. 1838; suc. 1869), of Oliver
+House, a plain modern mansion hard by, holds 1144 acres in the shire. . .
+Oliver Castle was the remotest of a chain of strong ancient towers,
+situated each within view of the next all down the Tweed to Berwick, and
+serving both for defence and for beacon fires in the times of the
+border forays. It was eventually relinquished and razed to the ground."
+Oliver died without issue, and, his brother Udard, evidently having
+predeceased him, the succession went to Udard's son,
+
+ADAM, who was succeeded by his son,
+
+LAWRENCE, on record in 1261, and who was in turn succeeded by his son,
+
+LAWRENCE. The second Lawrence had no male issue, but had two daughters,
+one of whom married a Tweedie, carrying with her Fraser lands, and the
+other of whom married a Macdougall. The succession in the male line now
+reverted to Gilbert's third son, whose name is lost, but who had two
+sons,
+
+SIMON and Bernard. Both these succeeded to the chiefship, Simon's issue
+being female. It was after this Simon that Keith-Simon was named.
+
+BERNARD raised the fortunes of the family considerably, and his name
+frequently occurs in connection with questions of first class
+importance. He was the first of the name to have been appointed Sheriff
+of Stirling. He was succeeded by his son,
+
+GILBERT, styled "Vicecomes de Traquair," or Sheriff of Traquair, father
+of three historic personages, Sir Simon, Sir Andrew, and William, the
+Bishop of St. Andrew's and Chancellor of Scotland, an extended reference
+to whom I with difficulty refrain from making. As a prelate and a
+statesman he rendered high service to his country. His brother,
+
+SIR SIMON, THE ELDER, succeeded his father, Gilbert. He is designated
+the Elder to distinguish him from his famous son, Sir Simon the Patriot.
+He took a leading part in the affairs of the nation. He, his two
+brothers and a nephew, Richard Fraser, Lord of Dumfries, were four of
+the arbiters in the Baliol claim to the Scottish Crown. He died in 1291,
+and was succeeded by
+
+SIR SIMON the Patriot, the greatest and most renowned of all the Fraser
+chiefs. All I can say of him is that he was the compatriot, the
+coadjutor and compeer of Sir William Wallace, and one of the noblest
+knights whose deeds are recorded on the page of history. He has
+furnished ancient and modern historians with a subject for patriotic
+eulogy and enthusiastic praise. As a soldier and statesman he was
+_facile princeps_. He was the hero of Roslin; he was the only Scottish
+noble who held out to the last with Sir William Wallace, and was one of
+the first to welcome and aid the Bruce, whom he re-horsed three times at
+the Battle of Methven, where he was taken prisoner; and he was the only
+Scottish knight at that time whose patriotism entitled him to the brutal
+indignities of Edward's court, and a death, in 1306, similar to that of
+Sir William Wallace. The Patriot's family consisted of two daughters;
+the elder married Sir Hugh Hay, ancestor of the noble house of
+Tweeddale, and the younger, Sir Patrick Fleming, ancestor of the Earls
+of Wigton. Male issue having again failed, the succession went back to
+
+SIR ANDREW FRASER, Sheriff of Stirling, already mentioned as second son
+of Sir Gilbert Fraser, Sheriff of Traquair. Sir Andrew was the Patriot's
+uncle. He is styled "of Caithness," on account of having married a
+Caithness heiress, and at that point begins the interest of the family
+in the North of Scotland. He was both a brave knight and a powerful
+lord, and, like his brothers, bore his part valorously and well in the
+senate and on the field. He lived to occupy the position of chief but
+two years. He was the first chief of the family who won large
+possessions in the north, while the headquarters were still in the
+southern countries. The well-known Neidpath castle was one of the family
+strongholds. It was a massive pile, of great strength, the walls being
+eleven feet thick. It is situated in Peeblesshire and is still to be
+seen. The strawberries appear in the crest of the Hays on the keystone
+of the courtyard archway, a connecting link with the Frasers, from whom
+it passed to the Hays of Yester, in 1312, with the daughter of the
+Patriot. Before following the family to the Lovat estates, in
+Inverness-shire, it may not be amiss to recapitulate the succession in
+the south. It was as follows:
+
+I. GILBERT DE FRASER, II. OLIVER FRASER, III. ADAM FRASER, IV. LAURENCE
+FRASER, V. LAURENCE FRASER, VI. SIMON FRASER, VII. BERNARD FRASER, VIII.
+SIR GILBERT FRASER, IX. SIR SIMON FRASER, X. SIR SIMON FRASER, XI. SIR
+ANDREW FRASER.
+
+
+THE CLAN IN THE HIGHLANDS.--The family extended northward by the
+marriage of Sir Andrew to a Caithness heiress, through which he acquired
+large estates in that country. His was a notable family of sons. The
+eldest, named Simon, gave the family its patronymic of "Mac-Shimi"
+(pronounced Mac-Kimmie). He (Simon) married the daughter of the Earl of
+Orkney and Caithness, and it is believed by the family historians that
+this marriage brought the first Lovat property to the family. It would
+appear that the Countess of Orkney and Caithness, namely, Simon Fraser's
+mother-in-law, was the daughter of Graham of Lovat, and that her right
+in the Lovat property descended to her daughter, Simon's wife, in whose
+right he took possession. Thus, we see how the names Fraser and Lovat,
+now for so long a time almost synonymous, were first brought together,
+and how the Frasers obtained a footing on territory which has become
+indissolubly linked with their name.
+
+Sir Andrew Fraser's other sons were Sir Alexander, Andrew and James; the
+first named, a powerful baron and statesman, who attained to the office
+of Chamberlain of Scotland, held previously, as we have seen, by his
+uncle, Bishop Fraser. In consideration of distinguished services, he was
+given in marriage Mary, sister of King Robert Bruce, and widow of Sir
+Nigel Campbell, of Lochow. He possessed lands in Kincardine, of which
+county he was sheriff. He was killed at the battle of Dupplin. Andrew
+and James, his brothers, with their brother, Simon of Lovat, were slain
+at the battle of Halidon Hill, July 22nd, 1333, and all four were in the
+front rank of the soldiers of their time.
+
+The chiefs of the Clan Fraser date from:
+
+I. SIMON, Sir Andrew's eldest son. He had three sons--Simon and Hugh,
+who both succeeded him in honors and estates, and James, who was
+knighted on the occasion of the coronation of Robert III.
+
+II. SIMON succeeded his father, when still very young, and gave proof,
+in the field, that the military genius of the family was inherited by
+him. He died unmarried, after a brief but brilliant career, and his
+estates and the chiefship went to his brother,
+
+III. HUGH, styled "Dominus de Lovat." And, now, I shall keep briefly to
+the line of chiefs, and shall not burden you with many personal
+incidents that have come down to us, with respect to any of them, until
+we come to Lord Simon, who suffered death on Tower Hill. Hugh was
+succeeded by his two sons, first by ALEXANDER, the eldest, then by
+Hugh, the second son. From his third son, John, sprang the Frasers of
+Knock, in Ayrshire; and from Duncan, his fourth son, the Frasers of
+Morayshire.
+
+IV. ALEXANDER is described as a "pattern of primitive piety and sanctity
+to all around him." He died unmarried. An illegitimate son, named
+Robert, was the progenitor of "Sliochd Rob, Mhic a Mhanaich."
+
+V. HUGH, his brother, who succeeded, acquired lands from the Fentons and
+Bissets, by marriage with the heiress of Fenton of Beaufort. The names
+of these lands, it will be interesting to note, forming as they do an
+important part of the estates long held by the Frasers. They are:
+Guisachan, now the property of Lord Tweedmouth; Comar, Kirkton, Mauld,
+Wester Eskadale and Uchterach. This Hugh, the fifth chief, was the first
+to assume the title of Lord Lovat. He had three sons, Thomas, Alexander,
+who died unmarried, and Hugh. The first Lord Lovat was succeeded by his
+son,
+
+VI. THOMAS, whose assumption of the title is not mentioned by the family
+historians, but of whose accession there is good documentary proof. The
+silence of the historians, however, has led to an error in the
+designation of his successors. For instance, his brother,
+
+VII. HUGH, who succeeded him, is called Hugh, second Lord Lovat, instead
+of Hugh, third Lord Lovat. This Lord Lovat had two sons, Thomas and
+Hugh, the former of whom was Prior of Beauly, and died young and
+unmarried. He was succeeded by his son,
+
+VIII. HUGH, fourth Lord Lovat, who had a decisive brush with the
+Macdonalds, under the Lord of the Isles, when the latter besieged the
+Castle of Inverness in 1429. He was a peer of Parliament, and is
+supposed to have been the first Lord Lovat to have attained to that
+dignity, with the title, Lord Fraser of the Lovat. He had four sons, who
+deserve mention: Thomas, who succeeded; Hugh, a brave soldier and
+accomplished courtier, who was slain at Flodden; Alexander, from whom
+sprang the old cadets of Farraline, Leadclune, etc.; and John, the
+historian of Henry VIII., the learned Franciscan and astute ambassador.
+There were also two illegitimate sons--Thomas and Hugh, the latter,
+progenitor of the Frasers of Foyers, and of many other Fraser families,
+known as "Sliochd Huistein Fhrangaich."
+
+IX. THOMAS, fifth Lord Lovat, added the lands of Phopachy, Englishton,
+Bunchrew and Culburnie, the last-named place from Henry Douglas, to the
+family estates, which were assuming very large proportions. He had a
+large family. The eldest son, named Hugh, succeeded to the estates. From
+the second son, William, sprang the Frasers of Belladrum, Culbokie,
+Little Struy, etc.; from James, the Frasers of Foyness; from Robert, the
+Frasers of Brakie, Fifeshire; from Andrew, "Sliochd Anndra Ruadh a
+Chnuic" (Kirkhill); from Thomas, "Sliochd Ian 'Ic Thomais"; John married
+a daughter of Grant of Grant, with issue; and from Hugh Ban of Reelick
+(an illegitimate son), came the Frasers of Reelick and Moniack.
+
+X. HUGH, sixth Lord Lovat, was the chief of the Clan at the time of the
+disastrous fight with the Macdonalds at Kinlochlochy, of which I shall
+read a short description later on.[2] At this affray Lord Hugh and his
+eldest son, Simon, were slain. His second son, Alexander, succeeded, and
+his third son, William, was ancestor of the Frasers of Struy. His
+fourth son, Hugh, died young and unmarried.
+
+XI. ALEXANDER, seventh Lord Lovat, a man of literary tastes, lived in
+comparative retirement. His three sons were: Hugh, his successor;
+Thomas, first of Knockie and Strichen, from whom the present chief,
+whose family in 1815 succeeded to the Fraser estates, sprang, and James,
+ancestor of the Frasers of Ardachie, the Memoir and Correspondence of a
+scion of which, General James Stuart Fraser, of the Madras Army, was a
+few years ago, given to the world, as the distinguished record of a
+soldier, a scholar and a statesman.
+
+XII. HUGH, the eighth Lord Lovat, succeeded at the age of fourteen. He
+was noted for his proficiency in archery, wrestling, and the athletics
+of the day; he greatly encouraged the practice of manly exercises on his
+estates. He was a staunch supporter of Regent Murray, and at the
+Reformation secured possession of the Priory of Beauly and the church
+lands pertaining to it, including the town lands of Beauly, and some of
+the best tacks on the low-lying part of the present estates, in the
+parishes of Kilmorack and Kiltarlity, the mere names indicating the
+value of the grant: Fanblair, Easter Glenconvinth, Culmill, Urchany,
+Farley, Craigscorry, Platchaig, Teafrish, Annat, Groam, Inchrorie,
+Rhindouin, Teachnuic, Ruilick, Ardnagrask, Greyfield, the Mains of
+Beauly, as well as valuable river fishings. Mr. Chisholm Batten's book
+on Beauly Priory contains many interesting facts regarding the
+acquisition of these fertile and extensive lands, for which his Lordship
+paid a certain sum of money. He married a daughter of the Earl of Athol,
+and had two sons, Simon and Thomas, and a natural son, named Alexander,
+who married Janet, daughter of Fraser of Moniack. Thomas died in his
+ninth year. Lord Hugh died at Towie, in Mar, on his way home from
+Edinburgh. It was suspected that he had been poisoned.
+
+XIII. SIMON, ninth Lord Lovat, succeeded at the tender age of five.
+Thomas of Knockie became tutor for the young chief, an office of power
+and responsibility. He was married three times. By his first wife,
+Catherine Mackenzie, he had issue, a son and daughter, Hugh, his
+successor, and Elizabeth. By his second wife, the daughter of James
+Stuart, Lord Doune, he had two sons and three daughters: Sir Simon of
+Inverallochy, Sir James of Brea, Anne, Margaret and Jean. His third wife
+was Catherine Rose of Kilravock.
+
+XIV. HUGH, tenth Lord Lovat, had already a large family when he
+succeeded to the estates. Three years after his accession his wife died,
+leaving him with nine children, six sons and three daughters. Her death
+cast a gloom over his life, and, practically retiring from business, the
+management of the estates for a time fell on his son Simon, Master of
+Lovat, a young man of the brightest promise, whose untimely death was a
+second severe blow to his father. His dying address is a remarkable
+production. His next elder brother, Hugh, became Master of Lovat, and
+Sir James Fraser, of Brea, became tutor. The Master of Lovat married
+Lady Anne Leslie, and died a year afterwards, during his father's
+lifetime, leaving a son, Hugh, who succeeded to the titles and estates.
+Hugh the tenth Lord Lovat's issue were: Simon and Hugh, to whom
+reference has just been made; Alexander, who became tutor; Thomas of
+Beaufort, father of the celebrated Simon; William, who died young;
+James, who died without issue, and Mary, Anne and Catherine.
+
+XV. HUGH, grandson of the tenth Lord Lovat, succeeded as eleventh Lord
+Lovat, when only three years old. At sixteen he was, to use the words of
+the chronicler, "decoyed into a match" with Anne, sister of Sir George
+Mackenzie of Tarbat, the famous lawyer, the lady being at the time of
+the marriage, about thirty years of age. There were born to them a son,
+named Hugh, who, from a black spot on his upper lip, was nick-named
+"Mac-Shimi, Ball Dubh," "Black-spotted Mackimmie;" and three daughters.
+
+XVI. Hugh, "The Black-spotted," succeeded as twelfth Lord Lovat. He
+married a daughter of Murray, Marquis of Athole, a connection in which
+the pretensions of the Murrays, thwarted by Simon of Beaufort, find
+their source. This chief left four daughters, but no son, and having had
+no brothers or uncles on the father's side, the succession went to
+Thomas of Beaufort, surviving son of Hugh, the tenth Lord Lovat, and
+grand-uncle of Hugh, "The Black-spotted."
+
+XVII. Thomas of Beaufort assumed the title as thirteenth Lord Lovat, and
+would probably have been left in undisputed possession but for the
+marriage contract made by the twelfth Lord, at the instance of the
+Athols, settling the estates on his eldest daughter, failing male heirs
+of his body. It is true that afterwards he revoked this settlement in
+favor of the nearest male heir, viz., Thomas of Beaufort, but the
+validity of the later document was contested, and it was only after a
+long and extraordinary struggle, in which plot, intrigue and violence
+played a part, as well as protracted litigation, that his son's title to
+the estates was confirmed.
+
+XVIII. SIMON of Beaufort succeeded his father, as fourteenth Lord Lovat,
+after, as has been stated, many years of fierce contest concerning his
+rights. He had an elder brother, named Alexander, who, according to
+report then current, died young in Wales, and without issue. His
+younger brothers were named Hugh, John, Thomas, and James. The cause of
+Alexander's flight to Wales forms one of the best known legends of the
+family. There are various versions of it, but I shall give that most
+commonly related by old people in the district of the Aird: Alexander
+arrived, somewhat late, at a wedding at Teawig, near Beauly. His
+appearance was the signal for the piper to strike up the tune, "Tha
+Biodag air MacThomais," some of the lines of which run:
+
+                  Tha biodag air Mac Thomais,
+                  Tha biodag fhada, mhor, air;
+                  Tha biodag air Mac Thomais,
+                  Ach's math a dh' fhoghnadh sgian da.
+
+                  Tha biodag anns a chliobadaich,
+                  Air mac a bhodaich leibidich;
+                  Tha biodag anns a chliobadaich,
+                  Air mac a bhodaich romaich.
+
+                  Tha bhiodag deanadh gliogadaich,
+                  'Si ceann'lt ri bann na briogais aig';
+                  Tha bucallan 'n a bhrogan,
+                  Ged 's math a dh' fhoghnadh ial daibh.
+
+It was whispered to Alexander that the piper selected this tune to cause
+merriment at his expense, and the youth, to turn the jest against the
+piper, determined to rip open the bag of the pipes, with his dirk. But
+in doing so, his foot slipped, and he fell heavily towards the piper
+with the naked dirk in his outstretched arm. The piper was fatally
+wounded, and Alexander, who had been an extreme partizan of the
+Jacobites, believed that were he tried for the murder of the piper, the
+hostility of Sir George Mackenzie, of Tarbat, would inevitably secure a
+sentence of death against him. He fled to Wales, where he was befriended
+by Earl Powis, under whose protection, it is said, he lived on, married,
+and had issue, while his next younger brother, Simon, enjoyed the title
+and estates. Mr. John Fraser, of Mount Pleasant, Carnarvon, not long
+ago, laid claim to the chiefship, title and estates, on the ground that
+he is a lineal descendant of this Alexander, and although he lost his
+case in one trial, he is still gathering evidence, with the view of
+having it re-opened and further pushing his claim.
+
+For his share in the Jacobite rising of 1745, Simon, fourteenth Lord
+Lovat, was beheaded on Tower Hill, April 9th, 1747. Lord Simon's faults
+were not few, but he has been a much maligned man; his vices have been
+flaunted before the world, his virtues have been obscured. In extreme
+old age he gave up his life on the scaffold; and his fate, believed by
+some to be richly deserved, by others has been characterized as
+martyrdom. He left three sons, Simon, Alexander and Archibald Campbell
+Fraser.
+
+XIX. SIMON succeeded to the chiefship, but that honor was unaccompanied
+by the estates and title, which had been forfeited to the crown. For his
+services as commandant of Fraser's Highlanders in the service of the
+House of Hanover, he was specially thanked by Parliament, and the
+paternal estates restored to him. I have been informed by the Grand
+Master Mason of Ontario that this Colonel Simon (afterwards General
+Simon Fraser of Lovat) was the first Provincial Master Mason in Upper
+Canada, the order having been established there at the time of the
+stirring events in which Fraser's Highlanders participated while in
+Quebec. General Simon married, but without issue, and his brother
+Alexander having predeceased him without issue, he was succeeded in
+possession of the estates by his half-brother,
+
+XX. COLONEL ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL FRASER of Lovat. The title was still held
+in abeyance. Colonel Archibald was a man of erratic habits, but a
+kind-hearted Highlander, and a man of no mean ability. An account of his
+honors and public services he embodied in an inscription on his
+tombstone, but while the production is typical of his well-known
+eccentricity, as a matter of fact, not a little of the praise which he
+takes to himself for services to his country and his county, was well
+deserved. He had five sons, all of whom predeceased him. His eldest son
+was named Simon Frederick. He became member of Parliament for
+Inverness-shire. He died in 1803, unmarried, but left one son, Archibald
+Thomas Frederick Fraser, well-known in our own day as "Abertarf," from
+having resided there. None of the other sons of Colonel Archibald left
+legitimate issue, and at his death, in 1815, the succession reverted to
+the Frasers of Strichen, descended, as already observed, from Thomas
+Fraser of Knockie and Strichen, second son of Alexander, the sixth Lord
+Lovat, represented, at the time of Colonel Archibald's death, by
+
+XXI. THOMAS ALEXANDER FRASER, of Strichen, who succeeded to the estates,
+and was created Lord Lovat by Act of Parliament, in 1837; and, in 1857,
+succeeded in having the old title restored to him. The succession of the
+Strichen family created a strong hostile feeling among the Clansmen and
+the old tenants generally, many of them believing that other aspirants
+who appeared had stronger claims. The Frasers of Strichen, however, were
+able to satisfy the courts as to the validity of their claim, and they
+were confirmed in the possession of the estates. A curious incident of
+the time may be briefly related, to illustrate both the feeling then
+prevailing concerning the succession, and the religious beliefs which
+were held then in the Highlands. It was, and to some extent yet is,
+believed that the Divine purpose, with respect to every-day events, may
+be disclosed in appropriate portions of Scripture which impress
+themselves intensely on the mind of the devout believer. Two
+tenant-farmers, whose names, if given, would at once be a guarantee of
+their good faith, and of their respectability, went from the vicinity of
+Belladrum to the neighborhood of Redcastle, to a man whose piety gave
+him an eminent place among The Men of Ross-shire. They went to confer
+with him about the Lovat estates, and to find out whether he had any
+"indication" of the "mind of the Lord" as to whether the Frasers of
+Strichen would be established in their tenure of the estates against all
+comers. They were hospitably welcomed, and, their errand having been
+made known, their host replied that he had had no such indication. They
+remained that night, the next day and the night following, but during
+all this time did not see their host. On the morning of the third day he
+joined them at the frugal breakfast, after which he led them to a window
+overlooking the Beauly Firth and said: "Since your arrival I have pled
+hard for light at the Throne. If God ever did reveal His Will to me by
+His Word, He did so last night. You see a fishing-smack before you on
+the firth; as sure as you do observe her there, with her sail spread,
+catching the wind, so sure will, in God's good time, the Strichens pass
+away from the possession of the Lovat estates, and the rightful heir,
+will come to his own. My warrant, given to me in my wrestling with God,
+is this prophetic passage: 'And thou, profane, wicked prince of Israel,
+whose day is come, when iniquity shall have an end, thus saith the Lord
+God: Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the
+same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high. I will
+overturn, overturn, overturn it: and it shall be no more, until he come
+whose right it is; and I will give it him.' (Ezek. XXI., 25-27) God's
+purpose thus revealed will not be fulfilled in our day, nor likely in
+the day of our children, but our grandchildren will likely see it
+accomplished." The old man's words made a deep impression; but only a
+few friends were informed of them, not only because they were held as a
+sacred message, but also because of the "power of the estate office."
+Whatever may be thought of beliefs thus formed, no one who knew the
+devout, simple-hearted Highlander of the generation just gone, will fail
+to appreciate the humility and sincerity with which such beliefs were
+entertained.
+
+But to return to the fortunes of the House of Lovat. Thomas Alexander,
+fifteenth Lord Lovat, married a daughter of Sir George Jerningham,
+afterwards Baron Stafford, and had male issue, Simon, Allister Edward,
+George Edward Stafford (b. 1834, d. 1854), and Henry Thomas. His second
+son, Allister Edward, rose to the rank of Colonel in the army; was
+married, with issue, one son. Hon. Henry Thomas attained to the rank of
+Colonel of the 1st battalion Scots Guards. Lord Lovat died in 1885, and
+was succeeded by his eldest son,
+
+XXII. SIMON, sixteenth Lord Lovat, who, born in 1828, and married to the
+daughter of Thomas Weld Blundell, was already a man of mature years at
+the time of his accession. He was known in song as "Fear Donn an
+Fheilidh." He was noted for his generous qualities and his kindness to
+the poor. He was a keen sportsman, expert with rod, gun and rifle, a
+marksman of repute. He did much to encourage the militia movement, and
+commanded the Inverness-shire regiment for many years. The circumstances
+of his sad and sudden death, from an affection of the heart, while
+grouse-shooting on the Moy Hall moors, in 1887, are fresh in our minds.
+An extract from a newspaper article, written on the occasion of his
+death, may be taken as a fair estimate of his character: "By this sudden
+and painful blow a nobleman has been taken away who filled a conspicuous
+place in this vicinity, and who was held in the highest respect. Having
+succeeded to his father in 1875, he has enjoyed the title and estates
+for only twelve years (1887). But as Master of Lovat he was known for
+many years before that time as a worthy and popular representative of a
+great and ancient Highland house. No county gathering seemed to be
+complete without his presence. . . . Homely in his manner, he was never
+difficult to approach, and his kindness of spirit showed itself in many
+ways. Conscientious and sober in judgment, he steadily endeavored to do
+his duty; and his lamented death caused a blank which cannot easily be
+filled." He left a family of nine, and was succeeded by his eldest son,
+
+XXIII. SIMON JOSEPH, seventeenth Lord Lovat, to whose health, as our
+chief, we have drained our glasses this evening. That he may have a long
+and happy life is our fervent prayer; and may God grant him wisdom and
+grace that he may be a useful and a prosperous chief; that he may add
+new lustre to the distinguished name he bears, and prove worthy of the
+ancestry of which he is the proud representative.
+
+We have now traced the long line of chiefs from the beginning down to
+the present day, and I must thank you for the wonderful patience with
+which you have listened to the dry bones of genealogy; in what
+remains[3] I hope I shall prove less tedious than in that which I have
+concluded.
+
+The speaker then referred briefly to the Aberdeenshire Frasers, and to
+some of the principal Cadet families of the Clan. He gave an explanation
+of the coat of arms, related a number of interesting Clan incidents,
+including forays, Clan feuds, and anecdotes of a local character. At
+some length he described the Home of the Clan, pointing out its extent
+on a map of Inverness-shire, colored to show the gradual increase and
+decrease of territory, which kept pace with the varying fortunes of the
+Clan; expatiating on the great variety and beauty of its scenery,
+tributes to which he quoted from Christopher North, David Macrae, Robert
+Carruthers and Evan MacColl.
+
+[Footnote 2: See account by Rev. Allan Sinclair, A. M., in Celtic
+Magazine.]
+
+[Footnote 3: This part of the speech, being of a general character, has
+been omitted for consideration of space.]
+
+                     *    *    *    *    *
+
+[Illustration: MR. ROBERT LOVAT FRASER, 1st Vice-Chairman.]
+
+MR. ROBERT LOVAT FRASER, Vice-chairman, replied to the toast. He said:
+My duty, through the kindness of the committee, is certainly not so
+arduous in replying to the toast of the evening, as that which has been
+imposed upon the Chairman in proposing it. The length of his address,
+the facts regarding the origin and the outlines of the history of the
+Clan which he gave, make it unnecessary for me to dwell at length on
+this interesting topic. Indeed, I found on listening to the Chairman,
+that I had a great deal to learn about our Clan, and I am sure that I
+express not only my own thanks, but yours to him, in placing before us,
+so clearly and minutely, the leading facts regarding our ancestry and
+kindred. All my life long I have been an ardent admirer of some of the
+more prominent Frasers who have figured in our Clan history. My own
+connection with the Clan in the Highlands is somewhat remote, the last
+of my forefathers who resided there having had to leave his home and
+friends, on account of the part which he took with his Clan in the
+uprising of '45. But although we have been cut off from that close
+connection which is thought necessary to keep alive a sentimental
+interest in such things, I can assure you that no clansman born within
+the shadow of Castle Downie can boast with greater truth of possessing
+more enthusiasm and interest than I in all that pertains to the Clan
+Fraser. The Clan has a history which we as clansmen should so study as
+to become perfectly familiar with it. Its record has been written in the
+events of the times as well as on the page of history, and no more
+inspiring or patriotic duty lies to our hand than the study of that
+record. I firmly believe that the influence of the clan feeling was a
+good influence, and that the idea of kinship and responsibility to each
+other for good behavior, as to kinsmen, had much to do in bringing about
+the high moral tone which distinguishes the Highland clans. It did much
+also to prepare the minds of those people for the enlightenment and love
+which Christianity brought with it, and which are so strikingly
+exemplified in the Highland character. I would say therefore to the
+young men, 'employ part of your evenings in the reading of the Clan
+history,' and to the older people, 'devote a little of the time of your
+remaining years to a like purpose.' I do not think it necessary, after
+what we have just heard, to enter into historic details; neither is it
+necessary to defend the honor of the Clan where there are no assailants.
+The Clan has taken its place honorably among its contemporaries and
+neighbors. It invariably performed its duty in a manner highly
+creditable to the public spirit of its members and to their high
+standard of justice. There were it is true at times in the Clan, as in
+every other body of people, men whose names have been perpetuated
+because of evil rather than good. These, however, have been singularly
+few in the Clan Fraser, and even where statements are found to their
+discredit, the malice of interested foes not infrequently lends a
+heightened color to charges which might to some extent have been founded
+on fact. This I believe to be true in the case of Simon Lord Lovat, who
+had the misfortune to be the subject of biographical sketches by his
+enemies, but of whom a juster view now prevails. Happily the prominent
+clansmen, whose characteristics needed no defence, but called forth
+admiration and emulation, were many. To name them would be but to recite
+a long and distinguished list. Their characteristics were such as to
+challenge public commendation. With them as examples no clansman need
+feel ashamed of the name. But what I should like to impress most of all
+upon our Clan throughout the country is the necessity for a sentiment of
+loyalty to the Clan name and its traditions. Seeing that we have such a
+history let us prize it. Let every clansman feel proud of it, and let
+him see to it that his conduct and ambition are in every way in keeping
+with the record of the past, and in this way prove himself not only a
+good citizen, a good neighbor and a good friend, but a good clansman,
+and hand down the character of the Clan unsullied to posterity. This
+would be a most laudable ambition and one which I feel sure every
+Fraser worthy of the name will strive earnestly to attain.
+
+Two gentlemen, Frasers all but in name, had been invited as guests. They
+were Mr. B. Homer Dixon, Consul General for the Netherlands, and Mr.
+Hugh Miller, J. P., both of Toronto. Their health was proposed by the
+chairman, who paid a high compliment to Mr. Homer Dixon, who, he said,
+had taken the warmest interest in matters relating to the Clan, and who
+was a living encyclopedia of information regarding its history and
+affairs. Mr. Dixon's connection was derived from his maternal side, and
+not a few Clan relics were in his possession. His absence from the
+gathering was on account of indifferent health, and it was regretted
+very much by those present. In coupling Mr. Miller's name with the
+toast, the Chairman referred to that gentleman's long connection with
+the business interests of the city of Toronto. Mr. Hugh Miller was a
+relative of his namesake, the famous geologist, and his name was as well
+known in Ontario business and national circles, as was that of his
+distinguished namesake in the field of literature and science. Mr.
+Miller rightly claimed to be of Fraser stock--he certainly had the
+Fraser spirit. He sat with them as an honored guest, but none the less
+an honored clansman.
+
+MR. MILLER, in reply, expressed the great satisfaction with which he had
+received an invitation to be present at what he might truly describe as
+a gathering of his own clansmen. It was well known that in Scotland, as
+in other countries, men were often named after the occupations which
+they followed, and it was not a mere tradition but a fact within the
+knowledge of his immediate forebears that they were of pure Fraser
+stock. They had worn the Fraser tartan, and had always taken a deep
+interest in whatever pertained to the affairs of the Clan. When the
+Chairman, in giving the toast of the Clan, had referred to the places
+associated with the name, he was brought back in memory over a long
+period of time. At his age, the sweep of memory to boyhood's days was a
+long one, and he could well recall the events in the Highlands of
+Scotland over sixty years ago. He had a loving and familiar recollection
+of scenes, than which there were none more beautiful under the sun, and
+of people who had animated these fair surroundings. The Fraser estates
+were among the finest in Britain, affording examples of beauty
+calculated to leave a very vivid impression on the youthful mind, and
+during his long life his early impressions had ever remained fresh and
+green. He remembered the time when the succession to the chiefship and
+estates was in hot dispute, and he knew how deeply the clansmen were
+moved by that contest. Down to that day the feeling of the clans was as
+strong as of old, and doubtless if occasion arose, it would prove to be
+strong still. At that time there were various claimants for the honors
+and possessions of the ancient house of Lovat, and as a boy he saw a
+good deal of those who were prominently concerned in the case. The
+Frasers were very anxious that the true heir by blood should succeed,
+and much was privately as well as openly done on behalf of the various
+contestants, according as the clansmen believed in the various claims
+put forward. As to the main object of their re-union that evening, he
+could do nothing but express his sincere hope that a strong association
+of the Frasers would be formed. There was no reason whatever why such an
+organization should not flourish in Canada, where those bearing the name
+could be numbered by thousands. He had the good fortune to know not a
+few Frasers in Canada, and he could honestly say that none of them, so
+far as he knew, ever did anything that in any way tarnished the good
+name of the Clan. He had great hopes of the success of the movement from
+the enthusiasm of the gathering, and from the fact that those who had
+taken the matter in hand were men of energy and capacity. He could now
+only thank them for having honored the toast in such a hospitable
+manner, and wish them all success in the projected organization.
+
+
+                       "THE CLAN IN CANADA."
+
+MR. R. LOVAT FRASER, Vice-chairman, in proposing the toast of "The Clan
+in Canada," said: The Clan in Canada is not, of course, as important as
+the Clan at large, but it has an importance altogether its own, and has
+a record not unworthy the parent stem. It is a branch of a goodly tree,
+and bears fruit of the finest quality. No clan has done more, if as
+much, for Canada as the Clan Fraser. Coming with the famous
+Seventy-Eighth regiment they did their duty at Louisburg and Quebec, and
+stamped the Clan name indelibly on the history of Canada, from ocean to
+ocean. Not only did they render services in the east, but in pioneer
+work helped to open up the west by travel, trade and commerce. A
+distinguished clansman and a relation of my friend on the right
+(Fraserfield) was the discoverer of the Fraser River. To those of us who
+highly prize the integrity of the British Empire it must be a source of
+pride to know that the part taken by the Seventy-Eighth in Lower Canada
+helped very much to keep the American continent for the British Crown.
+The history of that time clearly proves that had the fortunes of war
+been adverse in Canada to the British arms, the French would have been
+in a position to overrun and seize the whole of North America. This is a
+fact which is sometimes lost sight of, but is one of much satisfaction
+to us as clansmen. To those whose names have been coupled with this
+interesting toast, I must leave the duty of dealing at length with it,
+and I rejoice that both of them are gentlemen thoroughly familiar with
+the subject and of recognized ability as speakers. I refer to Mr. E. A.
+Fraser, barrister of Detroit, and our worthy friend, Mr. G. B. Fraser,
+of Toronto.
+
+MR. E. A. FRASER said: Mr. Vice-chairman, Chairman and Clansmen,
+although hailing from the other side of the line, I am a Canadian-born
+clansman, my native place being Bowmanville, near this beautiful Queen
+City. I passed my younger days in this province, attended the schools
+here, and am as familiar with the affairs of the country and with our
+clansmen in the country as those who have not left it to reside under
+another flag. I can therefore speak with confidence to this toast, but
+you will excuse me if I speak briefly, as the honor was unexpected, and
+I do not wish to make it appear that any words of mine that may come on
+the spur of the moment would be sufficient to lay before you, in proper
+form, what our Clan has done for Canada and the position which it
+occupies to-day in the affairs of the country. It is easy to speak of
+Louisburg and Quebec; it is easy to dilate on the names of distinguished
+clansmen familiar to us all for the prominent positions they have taken
+among their fellows, but the work performed by the Clan in Canada would
+not then be half told. We must go back to the hoary forests, to the
+backwoods, where the early settlers bent their energies to the opening
+up of the country. That noble pioneer work in which our clansmen shared,
+and shared in large numbers, it seems to me, has an importance that is
+not as often recognized as it ought to be. It is difficult for the
+imagination even to grasp the peculiar task that lay before the early
+settlers of this vast, heavily-timbered, unbroken, unopened, untravelled
+country. Now that we can take a seat in the railway car at Halifax and
+leave it at Vancouver, we can form but the very faintest conception of
+what this country was one hundred years ago, when those hardy
+mountaineers ranged themselves alongside the Lowland Scot, the
+Englishman, the Irishman, the German and the Frenchman, to hew down the
+lords of the forest, to turn the wilderness into well cultivated fields,
+to turn the log cabins into the mansions that now adorn the plains, and
+to form, as they do, a sturdy peasantry second to none in the world.
+When the pen of a genius has dealt with those times, a chapter will be
+written for the civilized world more interesting, probably, than any yet
+penned. We have to leave the high places of military fame and
+statesmanship and enter the factory and the counting-house to trace
+there the career of the pioneers of industry and commerce, and among
+them we find our clansmen performing those duties which the necessities
+of the country demanded. If we turn to the professions, our Clan is
+found to hold its own. To the church, to law, to medicine, to art, to
+politics, we have given men of whom we are proud. The walk of life in
+Canada that has not been trodden by a clansman would be only an
+undesirable one for any man to tread. If I may be permitted to say
+it--coming as I do from the great State of Michigan--I would say that in
+that State, where our clansmen are very numerous, they not only hold
+their own, but have attained to eminence in business and in the
+professions. We have men of distinguished ability at the head of the
+legal fraternity of our State; we have men whose genius in business has
+secured them wealth and position; we have men who in humbler spheres
+have rendered patriotic services to the State, and who, one and all,
+show that they have not lost the characteristics of the Clan in new
+associations and callings. Before sitting down I should like to express
+the great pleasure I have experienced at this gathering of clansmen. I
+would have come twice as far to be present, and trust that the
+organization, the formation of which will undoubtedly be sanctioned here
+to-night, will be the means of bringing us together frequently to enjoy
+ourselves as we are now doing.
+
+MR. G. B. FRASER, of Toronto, followed, in response to the same toast.
+He said: Mr. Vice-chairman, Chairman and Clansmen, I frequently have to
+regret my lack of ability to discharge a duty of this nature to my own
+satisfaction. The subject allotted to me is one with which I cannot
+claim to be unfamiliar. It is a subject of great interest, and on such
+an occasion as the present, a subject which ought to be treated with
+some detail in order to perpetuate the names and deeds of clansmen who
+have done their duty nobly and well by this the land of our adoption. I
+find myself, however, not lacking in material, but in that
+ability--which seems to be born in some men--to place my information
+lucidly and briefly before you. Some speakers have already referred, and
+others will, later on, refer to the origin of the Clan Fraser in Canada.
+I shall not trespass on that part of the subject, but coming down to
+this century we find a clansman whose name will ever live in Canada. I
+refer to Simon Fraser, the discoverer of the Fraser River, whose life,
+when it comes to be written, will certainly shed lustre on the Clan
+name. He was descended from a cadet family of the Lovats, came with his
+parents to Canada from the Eastern States, and settled at Glengarry. His
+worthy relative, Fraser of Fraserfield, sits here on my right, and proud
+I am to welcome him to this feast. John Fraser de Berry, the founder of
+the New Clan Fraser, was a man of extraordinary personality, whose
+acquaintance I first made at the time of the Trent affair. I happened to
+be in Montreal at that time, and received a telegram from De Berry that
+he wished to see me. He came from Quebec city, and we met in the St.
+Lawrence Hall. I was very much impressed with the singular interview
+which took place between us. Of course he was full of the project of his
+Clan Fraser, full of the history and genealogy of the Clan. He was an
+enthusiast, and in common with many enthusiasts could look but with
+impatience on the practical, prosaic side of things. With due formality,
+acting by what he believed to be his authority as a chieftain of the
+Clan, he invested me with power to raise a company of Frasers, in an
+allotted district in Western Ontario, which was delineated on a military
+plan in his possession. I could not do otherwise than accept the
+commission, which was that of captain, from this venerable-looking and
+earnest chief. Had I been able to withdraw from business, I have no
+doubt that I should have been, in a very short time, at the head of a
+company numbering at least one hundred stalwart clansmen, who would have
+given a good account of themselves in the field. But, as you are aware,
+the occasion for defence quickly passed away, and no more was heard of
+the proposed regiment of Frasers, of which my company was to have formed
+a part. The most remarkable fact which impressed itself upon me then,
+and one that I yet consider remarkable, was the manner in which De Berry
+had the Province divided into military districts on his maps, the exact
+information which he had regarding the locations in which the clansmen
+resided, and the mass of details with which he seemed to be perfectly
+familiar. I could not understand how he acquired all this information,
+but have been informed since, by some who were associated with him, that
+he spared no means to trace out every Fraser in the country, through the
+voters' lists, the township registration books and the village
+directories. The amount of work involved in such research must have been
+enormous, and I can well believe that for many years De Berry devoted
+his time, as a man of leisure, to this project. He also appointed me as
+one of the one hundred and eleven chieftains of the New Clan, the chief
+of which was a descendant of a cadet of the Lovat family, residing in
+Nova Scotia, but the organization was too unwieldy, and its objects were
+rather vague for practical purposes. For a number of years meetings were
+held in Montreal of a very interesting character, but with De Berry's
+death and that of a number of those more prominently associated with him
+interest died out, and now we hear of the New Clan no more. We can
+profit by their experience in our own undertaking, and doubtless we
+shall be able to form an organization which will live, and which will
+perpetuate the name and traditions associated with the name and with
+this new country. I have practically confined myself to De Berry's name,
+not because there is a lack of clansmen on my list, whose memories
+deserve to be perpetuated, such as, for instance, the founder of the
+Fraser Institute, in Montreal; John Fraser, the author; John A. Fraser,
+the artist; Judge Fraser and Colonel Fraser, of Glengarry; but because
+some of these will doubtless be alluded to by other speakers, and,
+because having devoted so much time to a man whose name and personality
+I cannot but regard as of peculiar interest to us, I have left myself
+but little time to refer to those clansmen whom I held, and still hold,
+in high esteem, and in whose name I thank you for the toast proposed and
+honored in such a fitting manner.
+
+
+                     "DISTINGUISHED CLANSMEN."
+
+MR. R. L. FRASER, the Vice-chairman, then proposed the toast of
+"Distinguished Clansmen in Art, Science, Literature, Theology, Arms and
+Politics." He said: I had almost concluded that all Frasers are
+distinguished clansmen, and distinguished in the highest sense of the
+word, though it were better, perhaps, to be more modest, and hence the
+division into which this toast has been divided. While we rightly draw
+much of our inspiration from the seat of the Clan across the sea, it is
+well that we should remember, and remember generously, those of our Clan
+in this country who have secured high positions in life. Among our
+artists the name "Fraser" takes high rank. Some of the Fraser artists I
+have known personally, and can bear testimony not only to their fame,
+but to their personal qualities. Canadian art owes much to Mr. J. A.
+Fraser and Mr. W. Lewis Fraser, now sojourning in Europe. Literature
+claims the names of James Lovat Fraser, the distinguished classical
+scholar, of John Fraser, of Donald Fraser, and others well known in
+Canada. Science also has its devotees and distinguished students,
+especially medical science and theology. Frasers both in Canada and in
+the old land have taken front rank in the profession of arms, and have
+distinguished themselves from the time of Sir Simon Fraser, the compeer
+and companion of Wallace and the savior of Scotland, down to the present
+day. In politics the Clan has certainly won its share of such honors as
+the public delight to bestow. The reply to this toast has been entrusted
+to a splendid array of able clansmen. For clansmen distinguished in
+arts, Ex-Mayor Fraser, of Petrolea, will reply; for those in science,
+Dr. J. B. Fraser; for those in theology, Dr. Mungo Fraser; for those in
+literature, Professor W. H. Fraser; for Frasers in war, Mr. Alexander
+Fraser (Fraserfield); and for those in politics, Mr. W. P. Fraser.
+
+[Illustration: Ex-MAYOR JOHN FRASER, 2ND VICE-CHAIRMAN.]
+
+EX-MAYOR FRASER, replying for the "Frasers in Art," said: Mr. Chairman
+and Gentlemen,--Your committee, in selecting me to speak for our
+clansmen in Art, acted of course on the assumption that I possessed the
+necessary qualifications for the task. At the outset, however, I must,
+in justice to all concerned, but more especially to the Frasers who have
+won distinction in art, confess that my attainments in that department
+are hardly such as to entitle me to a hearing in response to this
+important toast. But I am to some extent emboldened and sustained by the
+reflection that, as this is in a sense a family gathering, the
+shortcomings of a Fraser will pass, if not unobserved, at least without
+provoking unfriendly comment. Permit me then, on behalf of the artists
+of our Clan, to thank you for the cordial and enthusiastic manner in
+which you have received this toast. Among the many distinguished
+clansmen who have, in almost every sphere of human endeavor and
+usefulness, shed unfading lustre, not only upon our Clan, but upon
+humanity in general, our artists have secured an honored place. Of
+necessity, those of our Clan who have excelled in art are few in number;
+indeed, the artists of the world and of the ages might almost find
+standing room in this banquet hall. But our Clan has perhaps produced
+its quota, and some of them have taken high rank. It is not my purpose
+to mention the names of all; in fact, I am unable to name more than two,
+viz., Charles Fraser and John A. Fraser. The former was a distinguished
+portrait painter of South Carolina who died in 1860 at the age of 78
+years. He left a large number of portraits, all of which are said to
+have much artistic merit, and some of which have acquired considerable
+historic value. Of Mr. John A. Fraser it is hardly necessary to speak
+here. By his works we know him. A collection of Canadian paintings
+without one or more of his masterly representations of Canadian scenery
+would assuredly be incomplete. Let that suffice for our modern artists.
+It occurs to me, as it must have done to us all at one time or another,
+that our Clan must have produced great artists in the bygone ages.
+Assuredly Greece and Italy did not produce _all_ the old masters. The
+Fraser Clan nourished then and was of course represented in art; but,
+just as in the newspaper--the product of the "art preservative"--there
+is to be found an occasional artist who, impelled by modesty or an
+exaggerated regard for his personal safety, uses a _nom de plume_--for
+instance, "Junius," _Vox Populi_ or "A Disgusted Subscriber"--so there
+were, I fancy, in the days of long ago, Frasers in art who unmindful of
+posterity or perchance distrustful of their own powers, as genius so
+frequently is, worked under cover of such names as Raphael, Leonardo da
+Vinci, Michael Angelo, Canova, etc. A slight effort of the imagination
+will enable a Fraser to accept this theory.
+
+The Fraser has ever been great on the "tented field." There, indeed, he
+has won renown, for his "fierce, native daring" has never been
+surpassed. But there are still victories to be won, infinitely greater
+than any achieved in battle. The grandest painting is yet to be painted,
+and we who are the first in Canada to assemble in honor of our ancient
+and beloved Clan shall ever fondly cherish the hope that the first place
+in art will be occupied by a Fraser. But from whatever clan or country
+the master shall come, the Frasers will be among the first to do him
+honor.
+
+I thank you, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, for the patient hearing you
+have given me.
+
+                      *    *    *    *    *
+
+The reply to the part of this toast referring to "Science" was made by
+DR. J. B. FRASER, M. D., C. M., R. C. P. and S. K., Toronto. He said:
+Mr. Chairman, Vice-chairman, and Brother Clansmen, it gives me a great
+deal of pleasure to meet such a representative gathering of the old and
+distinguished "Clan Fraser" as we have here to-night. It arouses one's
+enthusiasm to think of the leading position our forefathers took in the
+history of Scotland, and the many deeds of valor performed on the battle
+field; and although they were pre-eminently noted as warriors, still we
+have many instances in which they shone in the realms of science. In
+replying to the toast of "The Frasers in Science," allow me to give you
+a few brief biographical sketches of a few of our ancestors.
+
+Sir Alexander Fraser, of Philorth, was born in 1537, and died in 1623.
+He succeeded his grandfather to the estates in 1569, and at once began
+to improve the estate and advance the welfare of his clansmen. At this
+time Philorth was the baronial burgh, and boasted of a commodious
+harbor; but after the improvements referred to he changed the name to
+Fraserburgh. Having conceived the idea of founding a university, in
+spite of the strenuous opposition of the town of Aberdeen, he obtained
+powers to build a university at Fraserburgh, with all the privileges of
+the older universities. The remains of this building still existed in
+1888. On account of his interest in education and high scholastic
+attainments he was knighted in 1594. His motto was "The glory of the
+honorable is to fear God."
+
+John Fraser, F. L. S., was born in 1750, and died in 1811. He was a
+noted botanist, and visited North America five times in search of new
+and unknown specimens. He collected a great many plants in Newfoundland
+and later on at Charleston, Virginia. In 1796 he visited St. Petersburg,
+where he was introduced to the notice of the Empress Catherine, who
+purchased his entire collection of plants. In 1798 he was appointed
+botanical collector to the Czar Paul, and by him sent to America for a
+fresh collection. As a tribute to his ability he was elected a Fellow of
+Linnean Society (F.L.S.)
+
+Sir Alexander Fraser, M. D., belonged to the Durris branch of the
+family. He was educated at Aberdeen University, and having risen by his
+skill high in the ranks of physicians and surgeons he was appointed
+physician to Charles II., whom he accompanied in his travels through
+Scotland. Spotswood, in his history of Scotland, speaks highly of his
+learning and skill. He died in 1681.
+
+Robt. Fraser, F. R. S., son of Rev. Geo. Fraser, was born in 1760, and
+educated in Glasgow University, where he obtained the degree of M. A.,
+when he was but 15 years of age. He studied for the Church of Scotland,
+and was appointed in an official capacity to the Prince of Wales,
+afterward George IV. In 1791 the Earl of Breadalbane asked him to
+accompany him on a tour through the Western Isles and the Highlands of
+Scotland, undertaken with the view of improving the state of the people.
+The Prince of Wales gave him leave, and at the same time stated his
+faith in his ability to plan some means by which the people would be
+benefited, and wished him success. He succeeded so well that he was
+chosen to conduct a statistical survey of Ireland, and was the means of
+originating several important works, among others the harbor of
+Kingstown, sometimes called Queenstown. He published several works on
+agriculture, mines, mineralogy, fish, etc. He died in 1831.
+
+Simon Fraser was an explorer of some note, and was sent by the Hudson's
+Bay Company to establish new trading posts, and prospect for minerals,
+etc. He wrote many papers from 1806 to 1808. The Fraser river was named
+after him.[4]
+
+[Footnote 4: See sketch of his life later on.]
+
+Lewis Fraser was a zoologist of some note, and was appointed as curator
+of the Zoological Society of London. He travelled through South America,
+studying the character and habits of different animals and birds, and as
+the result of his travels published a work called "Zoologia Typica," or
+figures of rare and new animals. In 1888 his son was curator of the
+Zoological and General Sections of the Indian Museum of Calcutta.
+
+William Fraser, LL. D., was born in 1817 in Banffshire, and was ordained
+pastor of the Free Middle congregation of Paisley in 1849. In 1872 the
+University of Glasgow conferred on him the degree of LL. D., on account
+of his scientific attainments. In 1873, in recognition of his long
+services as President of the Philosophical Society, he was presented
+with a microscope and purse of sovereigns. He died in 1879.
+
+[Illustration: MR. WILLIAM A. FRASER, SECRETARY-TREASURER.]
+
+Alexander Campbell Fraser, D. C. L., LL. D., was born in 1819. His
+father was a minister and his mother a sister of Sir Duncan Campbell. He
+was educated in the Universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in 1842
+won a prize for his essay on "Toleration." In 1859 he was Dean of the
+Faculty in Arts, University of Edinburgh, and in 1871 was appointed
+Examiner in Moral Science; the same year he received the degree of LL.
+D. from the University of Glasgow. Later he was appointed Examiner in
+Moral Science and Logic at the India Civil Service Examinations. He was
+elected a member of the Athenian Club--without a ballot--for eminence
+in literature and philosophy. He afterward received the Degree of D. C.
+L., Oxford University.
+
+Professor Thos. Richard Fraser, M. D., F. R. S., was born in Calcutta,
+India, in 1841, and graduated in medicine in Edinburgh in 1862. In 1863
+he acted as Assistant Professor of Materia Medica, and in 1869 was
+appointed as Assistant Physician in the Royal Infirmary. He was
+afterward appointed Examiner in Materia Medica in London University, and
+was elected Medical Health Officer for Mid-Cheshire; he was also
+appointed Examiner in Public Health by London University. He was Dean of
+the Faculty in 1880. He is a F. R. S., F. R. C. P., Edinburgh; member of
+the Pharmaceutical Society, Britain; corresponding member of the
+Therapeutical Society of Paris, and of the Academy of Natural Sciences
+of Philadelphia. When the International Medical Congress met in London
+in 1881 he was appointed president of one section, and again president
+of one section in 1885. His work has been chiefly in the direction of
+determining the physiological effects of medicinal substances, with the
+view of establishing an accurate and rational basis for the treatment of
+disease.
+
+I have now mentioned some of the names recorded in history of Frasers
+that were distinguished in Science, and as I have occupied more than my
+share of time, I will take my seat, conscious that I have been able to
+mention but a few of the many clansmen distinguished for their
+scientific attainments. As I said at the outset I have enjoyed a great
+deal of pleasure in this gathering of clansmen. In looking over the
+record of a few of our brethren distinguished in science, so as to glean
+a few facts for this occasion, I recognized more than ever before the
+substantial services rendered to mankind by men bearing our name, and
+now that we have foregathered a small company, it may be, but a select
+one, I feel that you share with me the pride with which we regard our
+Clan and name.
+
+                     *    *    *    *    *
+
+PROFESSOR W. H. FRASER, in replying to the sentiment, "Distinguished
+Clansmen in Literature," said: Gentlemen,--I thank you heartily for the
+way in which you have received this toast, and for the honor you confer
+on me in asking me to answer for our distinguished literary clansmen
+living and dead.
+
+Literature is the mirror of life. Life is action: literature is
+contemplation and words. My knowledge of the history of the Clan leads
+me to the conclusion that most of its distinguished members were men of
+deeds rather than words, and that they lived at times and under
+circumstances when deeds rather than words had value--men like Sir
+Alexander, who fought by Robert Bruce's side at Bannockburn, or that
+other Sir Alexander Mackenzie Fraser of the last century, described by
+contemporaries as "mild as a lamb and strong as a lion," who had said to
+him in public by his General, "Colonel Fraser, you and your regiment
+have this day saved the British army," or the Fraser who fought with
+Wolfe before Quebec, and a host of others. These men did not write
+literature, but perhaps they were better employed. I think they were,
+but at any rate they are the men who furnish the basis for
+literature--heroism, fidelity and devotion.
+
+The Clan has, however, not been wanting in scholars and writers, nor in
+those who patronized and furthered learning. What think you of a
+Fraser--Sir Alexander of Philorth--who in the 16th century built a grand
+University? It is getting to be the fashion now for rich men to build
+and endow seats of learning, but a man with such foresight and
+generosity in those early times in Scotland is surely deserving of all
+praise.
+
+Although not a few of the early Frasers won fame by the sword, some
+wielded to good purpose that mightier weapon, the pen. Such was James
+Fraser of Brea, in Ross-shire, who wrote copiously on theology, and who
+went to prison, by orders of Archbishop Sharp, as a preacher at
+conventicles. Another divine and scholar was James Fraser, of
+Pitcalzian, in Ross-shire, a son of the manse; a famous controversialist
+he was, and wrote a book against the Arminianism of Grotius that has
+kept its ground in Scotland till the present day, although he died as
+long ago as 1769.
+
+These are some of our older literary celebrities. Time will not permit
+me to mention all those who belong to the present century, or whose
+lives extended into it. There was Archibald Campbell Fraser of Lovat,
+38th McShimi, who died in 1815. As a school-boy he saw the fight at
+Culloden, and was afterwards Foreign Consul in Barbary, and was author
+of the "Annals of the patriots of the family of Fraser, Frizell, Simson
+or Fitzsimson." It must in truth have been a mighty book if it recorded
+them all. A curious piece of literature from his pen was the very long
+and very laudatory epitaph for his own tomb erected by himself.
+
+Robert Fraser, of Pathhead, Fifeshire, lived up till 1839. He was an
+ironmonger, but of such remarkable literary and linguistic tastes that
+in leisure moments he acquired Latin, Greek, French, German, Italian
+and Spanish. His poetry, which I regret is not accessible to me, was, it
+is said, characterized by fine feeling and nicety of touch. Truly a
+remarkable man. His ruling passion was strong in death, for he passed
+out of life dictating some translations of Norwegian and Danish poems.
+
+There are other ways of making literature besides writing it yourself.
+James Fraser, an Inverness man, was one of those who have made
+literature by proxy. Who does not know Fraser's Magazine? that pioneer
+publication in this field of literature, dating from 1830, with its
+famous contributors like Thackeray, Carlyle, J. A. Froude and Father
+Prout. This Fraser was also a famous publisher, a man of taste and
+judgment, and did more to advance literature than almost any man of his
+time, notwithstanding Carlyle's reference to him as "that infatuated
+Fraser with his dog's-meat tart of a magazine."
+
+Contemporary with Fraser of the magazine was James Baillie Fraser, also
+an Inverness man and a famous traveller who explored the Himalaya
+Mountains, and who was the first European to reach the sources of the
+Jumna and Ganges. He came home, and wrote an account of his travels. A
+little later he donned Persian costume, explored the larger part of
+Persia, and wrote a two-volume account of his journey. Turning to
+romance, he wrote "Kuggilbas," a tale of Khorasain; and this was the
+first of a long list of Eastern tales, histories and travels, the mere
+enumeration of which would take us on pretty far towards to-morrow
+morning.
+
+A beautiful and sympathetic literary figure is that of Lydia Falconer
+Fraser, the wife of Hugh Miller. Here are some lines from a poem of
+hers on the death of their first-born child:
+
+           "Thou'rt awa, awa, from thy mother's side,
+             And awa, awa, from thy father's knee;
+           Thou'rt awa from our blessing, our care, our caressing,
+             But awa from our hearts thou'lt never be.
+
+                       *    *    *    *    *
+
+           Thou'rt awa, awa, from the bursting spring time,
+             Tho' o'er thy head its green boughs wave;
+           The lambs are leaving their little foot-prints
+             On the turf of thy new-made grave."
+
+What gentleness and sweetness in these lines! One of her prose works,
+"Cats and Dogs," still holds its own as one of the minor classics of
+natural history.
+
+Rev. Robert William Fraser, a Perthshire man, succeeded Rev. Dr. Guthrie
+in St. John's Church, Edinburgh, in 1847, and was a learned and eloquent
+divine and a diligent pastor. He found time to write all but one of a
+dozen of important works on divinity, history, physical and natural
+science. He was a solid man.
+
+I must not omit William Fraser, the educational reformer who helped
+David Stow to carry out his training system for teachers in Scotland,
+and who later investigated Scottish education, and wrote an important
+book on the subject of which the results were afterwards embodied in
+legislation. He died in 1879.
+
+Along with him may well be mentioned the late James Fraser, Bishop of
+Manchester, a very famous man from Forfarshire, one of the Frasers of
+Durris, of whom it has been said that there has not been in this
+generation a more simple or noble soul. He interests us especially for
+his work in education, and forms a connecting link between our school
+system and English educational reform, for he visited Canada and the
+United States in 1865, and drew up a report which his biographer,
+Thomas Hughes, calls "a superb, an almost unique piece of work." It was
+the basis of the Foster Act of 1870, by which enormous changes were
+introduced in the direction of the American system.
+
+Worthy of being put by his side was Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D., who died
+two years ago, of whom we should hear more under the head of theology.
+He received part of his education in old Knox College, Toronto, and was
+pastor of the Cote Street Church, Montreal, from which he was called to
+Inverness, thence to London, England.
+
+In my mass of material, I had almost forgotten Patrick Lord Fraser, who
+died only five years ago. He was a very great man of the law, one of
+Scotland's greatest, and wrote extensively on legal subjects.
+
+The Frasers, however, were not all heavy writers. Many of us remember
+John Fraser, who met his death by accident in Ottawa in 1872. He was
+best known as "Cousin Sandy." He had been a chartist before coming to
+Canada. He was a tailor by trade, and laid aside the needle for that
+other sharp pointed instrument, the pen. Most of his work was
+controversial and sarcastic. Here is a sample of his rollicking verse,
+reminding one strongly of the Ingoldsby legends:
+
+     "William Blyth was a scape-grace--as many boys are--
+      Who with prudence and forethought was always at war;
+      His genius was active; I've heard, or have read,
+      That his grandma was nervous; his father was dead;
+      And his mother, released from connubial vows,
+      Brought home to her dwelling a second hand spouse,
+      Who gave her a heart, somewhat hard and obtuse,
+      In exchange for her furniture ready for use.
+      Now William like others, without leave would roam,
+      And be absent when lather the second came home;
+      So he of the step, which step-father should be,
+      Said 'To save the lad's _morals_ we'll send him to sea.'"
+
+The boy was confined in a water-cask for bad conduct.
+
+     "And the wave cleared the deck of the vessel, and she
+      Like one half 'seas over' rolled about in the sea.
+      Then a shriek was heard, and the boatswain roar'd
+      'There's Bill and the tub gone overboard!'"
+
+He floated to shore after an interview with a shark, a cow switched her
+tail against the tub, and Bill caught it while the cow fled, and wrecked
+the tub, but saved Bill's life, although he remained unconscious.
+
+     "But was roused from his swoon by a beautiful Yankee
+      Who brought dough-nuts and tea, it was genuine Twankay.
+      An angel of light in the garb of humanity,
+      And that garb of the Saxony's best superfine,
+      What her countrymen term the 'real genuine.'
+      Bill was charmed and concluded, with some show of reason,
+      That to her annexation could never be treason."
+
+And he was annexed in due time.
+
+We have some poets still living, Gordon Fraser, John W. Fraser, and
+others; on them I must touch lightly. Gordon is a writer on "Lowland
+Lore," and writes good ballads of his own, like the one beginning:
+
+      "'Twas an eerie nicht, an' the storm-cluds lower'd,
+        An the lichtnin's glent was keen,
+      An' the thunner roll'd, but nane were cower'd
+        I' the clachan till-hous bien."
+
+It is a fearsome ghost story well told.
+
+John W. is a very charming writer. His ballad of the courtship of "Bell"
+is first-rate, and it begins:
+
+        "Sin' Bell cam' to bide in our toun,
+          The warl' has a' gaen ajee;
+        She has turned a' the heads o' the men,
+          And the women wi' envy will dea.
+        O, but Bell's bonnie!
+          Dink as a daisy is she;
+        Her e'en are as bricht as the starnies
+          That shine in the lift sae hie."
+
+Such are some of our literary men, and they are very creditable
+specimens. I know that I have left out more than I have given. I have
+not said a word about all the Frasers in Gaelic literature, whose name
+must be legion, because I cannot follow them in that language.
+
+Our Clan has a good proportion of the literary in it, and I believe we
+are all literary critics. I never knew a Fraser yet who had not
+excellent literary taste and judgment. The reasons why more literature
+has not been produced is very clear to my mind, and depends on a
+prominent characteristic of the Clan--great modesty. This must be thrown
+aside if you are going to rush into literature. Many a Fraser has had it
+in him to produce the highest sort of literature, who from this cause
+has never written a line for the public. When the Clan succeeds in
+throwing off this defect, we may expect the production of literary works
+on a par with the best that has been written.
+
+                     *    *    *    *    *
+
+The reply to the toast of "Frasers in Theology" was entrusted to the
+REV. MUNGO FRASER, D.D., of Hamilton, who had to leave by train for home
+before this toast was reached. His reply summarised is as follows:
+"There are many clansmen who stand high in theology, if we be allowed to
+understand by that term the wider and more comprehensive sphere of work
+in the Church of Christ. In the memory of those who admire subjective
+writings of an extremely searching character, the name of the Rev. James
+Fraser, of Brea, will occupy an undying place. To those who give the
+highest rank among ministers to pulpit ability, the Frasers of Kirkhill,
+for three generations, will afford examples of eloquence and those gifts
+of oratorical power that appeal so irresistibly to the popular ear. By
+those who regard the administrative functions of the pastor as of
+importance, the name of Bishop Fraser, of Manchester, is justly
+esteemed, and in a less prominent, but not less important degree, the
+name of Dr. William Fraser, for a long period the senior clerk of the
+Presbyterian Church in Canada; and theological literature finds a writer
+of ability and copiousness in Dr. Donald Fraser, at one time of Montreal
+and afterwards of London, England. The Clan contributed a great many
+names to the roll of distinguished clergymen, men who, in their
+different spheres, rendered noble service to the cause of Christ. And
+among them are men, some of whose names have been mentioned by the
+Vice-chairman, of ability, of high character, whose personal influence
+over the people was strongly felt. In Canada the name of Fraser has an
+honored place among the ministers of the churches. They are doing their
+duty nobly and well, and if the names of some of them be not widely
+known outside of their own country, it must not be forgotten that a
+clergyman's best fame and best reward is his good name among those for
+whom he directly labors, and for whose welfare he gives his best
+endeavors. Did time permit, it would be comparatively easy to speak at
+length of those who have held their own in the theological sphere, but
+sufficient has probably been said to indicate that the Clan has done its
+duty in one of the most interesting and important fields of human effort
+open for the welfare of man.
+
+                     *    *    *    *    *
+
+The part of the toast dealing with "the Frasers in War," was replied to
+by MR. ALEXANDER FRASER (of Fraserfield, Glengarry). He said: After what
+we have heard of the Clan this evening we must come to the conclusion
+that it has always been distinguished for its military spirit, and I
+regret on that account, all the more, that the duty has fallen upon me
+to reply to the "Frasers in War." Not that I do not appreciate to the
+fullest extent that spirit which distinguished them and probably in no
+small degree share it, but I am not a man of words, and I feel I shall
+not be able, even in a small way, to do justice to this theme.
+Undoubtedly the military character of the Clan goes back to its very
+origin, for if the Frasers did come from Normandy, they must have been
+selected on account of their military ability, for those were the days
+when length and strength of arm and good generalship were the most
+valuable qualifications a man could possess. But, coming down to the
+earlier times in Scotland, we find our clansmen heading the warlike and
+chivalrous nobles of that country, in their devotion to the Crown, and
+in their exploits in the field in defence of country and patrimony. I
+need not enter into a detailed description of the times when the Lowland
+Frasers served their country and their king with an unswerving devotion
+whose lustre time will not dim, nor the researches of modern historians
+tarnish. Down through history in the Highlands they have ever shown
+themselves to be a brave and warlike race, furnishing individuals of
+conspicuous ability and distinction in arms. No treatment of this toast
+would be complete that should omit a reference to Fraser's Highlanders
+that embarked under the command of the Chief of the Clan in 1757, and
+took part with Wolfe's army in all the engagements, from Louisburg to
+the close of the war. At Quebec the Frasers distinguished themselves in
+an especial manner. In the struggles which took place early in the
+century, between the Canadians and Americans, the Frasers did their
+duty, proving that down to our own times they maintained their old
+reputation. In the British army, from the formation of the Highland
+regiments, in 1739, to the present day, the Clan has given many
+distinguished officers and many brave men to its country's service, and
+I know I can speak with truth when I say that the old spirit still
+prevails, whether you look at home or abroad. So true is this that I may
+conclude these remarks in the stereotyped words of the after-dinner
+speaker by saying that should the occasion ever demand it, the Frasers
+will be ever ready to draw their claymores and shed their blood in the
+country's service as of yore.
+
+MR. W. P. FRASER spoke for "The Frasers in Politics." He said: Mr.
+Chairman, Vice-chairman and Brother Clansmen, it would seem that the
+toast of distinguished clansmen is quite an inexhaustible one. Much has
+been said of our clansmen in the various ranks of life, but I believe no
+more than is deserved. As a matter of course the Frasers have ranked
+high in politics. We have not had a Prime Minister of the name in the
+Dominion of Canada, but we have given to the Legislatures of Ontario,
+Quebec, and the Lower Provinces, many of their most useful members,
+their most eloquent speakers, and their most responsible statesmen. We
+have borne our share of public duty in this country, both in the rank
+and file of political workers, and as leaders. I do not need to go far
+afield to find some of the more striking examples. There is one name so
+long and honorably associated with the fortunes of this Province that it
+merits premier recognition. I refer to that of the Hon. Christopher
+Finlay Fraser, who would have responded to this toast himself to-night,
+were it not that he has been suffering from severe illness for some
+time, and has not sufficiently recovered to take his place among us.
+Reference has been made to his letter of regret, and I feel sure that
+every word in it is true--that it is the outcome of his sincere
+feeling; for Mr. Fraser is as much a clansman as he is a politician, and
+has ever manifested the same deep interest in matters connected with his
+Clan, as he has displayed in the public duties which he is called upon
+to perform. The position which he occupies, the services which he has
+rendered, his wide sphere of influence, his sterling honesty and
+unblemished record--these lie as an open book before you. For me to
+expatiate upon them would be quite superfluous. His name will go down in
+the annals of our statesmen as one of the most competent Ministers of
+the Crown who ever held office in this Province, as one of subtle
+intellect who served his country and his party in great crises, as one
+who gave his talents generously and disinterestedly to the welfare of
+his fellow-beings, and in a peculiar manner helped to lay the
+foundations of a great nationality in this country. Another of our
+clansmen, whose telegram of regret shows that he has been intercepted on
+the way from the far east to our gathering, has made the name famous in
+the politics of Canada, and is likely to attain to still greater
+eminence in the future. At his home in Nova Scotia he has long been
+known as a man of probity, ability, and capacity for public duty. It is
+not so long ago that he was first heard of in these western parts, but
+already he has sprung into notice, and his services are in request at
+many public gatherings. I am sure we all regret the absence of Mr. D. C.
+Fraser, M.P. for Guysboro', to-night. He is not only a politician but a
+patron of learning and celtic literature. To his generous heart and open
+hand many a struggling Highlander owes much, and through his
+encouragement not a few scholarly productions have seen the light of
+day. Were I to venture beyond Canada I should find Frasers playing a
+prominent part in the field of politics in South Africa, in the
+Australias, in the East Indies, and even in South America. It was only
+the other day we heard of a clansman born in Nova Scotia, but of good
+Inverness stock, who had been appointed delegate to the Inter-colonial
+Conference to be held in Ottawa this summer. I refer to the Hon. Simon
+Fraser, of Victoria. I have no doubt his clansmen here will be glad to
+welcome him, and to wish the utmost success to his mission. I must
+refrain at this hour from any reference to what Frasers have done in
+political life in the old land. The chiefs of the Clan numbered among
+them many men of eminence in politics. Of these we have heard something
+already to-night, and when the call of public duty comes, I feel sure a
+Fraser will be ready to step forward to perform his part in a worthy
+manner.
+
+
+
+
+                            ORGANIZATION.
+
+
+A resolution was carried in favor of the formation of an organization of
+clansmen in Canada, having for its main objects the promotion of social
+intercourse among the members, the collection of facts from which to
+prepare a biographical album of the members and other clansmen, and the
+promotion of objects which may be of interest to the Clan; and that
+those present form a general committee to act in the matter, the
+Committee of this gathering to act as an Executive Committee, for the
+purpose of drafting a constitution for the Clan to be submitted to the
+next gathering of the Clan.
+
+     The Clan song, composed by request, for this gathering, by Mrs.
+     Georgina Fraser Newhall, and set to music composed by Mr. J. Lewis
+     Browne, will be found, with a biographical sketch and portrait of
+     the authoress, on pages 93 to 97.
+
+
+
+
+                     GEORGINA FRASER NEWHALL.
+
+             AUTHORESS OF "FRASER'S DRINKING SONG."
+
+
+[Illustration: MRS. GEORGINA FRASER NEWHALL]
+
+"The Frasers of Stratherrick, where are they?" To this pensive question
+by Charles Fraser Mackintosh comes an oft echoed and lusty answer from
+many distant lands. Indeed the question is, "Where are they not?" for it
+is safe to say that there is no country where the English language
+to-day prevails, in which Stratherrick may not claim a son. Their new
+homes have not the historical charm of the old, but wherever the Frasers
+have gone, away from the home of their fathers, they have acquitted
+themselves well. A scion of a Stratherrick house was James George
+Fraser, who many years ago settled at Galt, Ontario. Like his brother
+Capt. Charles Fraser, now residing in Glasgow, Scotland, he was attached
+to a Highland regiment in his younger days, but withdrawing from the
+service, he came to Canada with his young wife, Christina MacLeod. At
+Galt was born a family of three sons, William, Charles and Andrew, and
+four daughters, Christina, Jessie, Elizabeth and Georgina, the youngest
+of whom is the subject of this brief sketch. On the maternal side her
+descent is traced from the families of Lochend and Braemore. Her
+great-grand parents were George Mackenzie, second son of John Mackenzie
+I. of Lochend (of the Gairloch family), and Christina, daughter of
+Captain Hector Munro of Braemore. George Mackenzie was a distinguished
+officer, and attained to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel of the famous
+Rosshire Buffs, the 78th Highlanders. His daughter Christina married
+Angus MacLeod of Banff with issue, two sons, Donald and George, and
+several daughters, of whom Christina, as already stated, married James
+G. Fraser of Galt, Ontario.
+
+Georgina Fraser was born about the beginning of the sixties, and was
+educated in the public and high schools of her native town. After the
+death of her parents she removed to Toronto, and taking up the study of
+shorthand entered upon the life of an amanuensis and teacher of
+stenography. She taught large classes in the towns surrounding Toronto,
+and in Victoria University, when that institution was located at
+Cobourg. She was the first woman in Canada to adopt this profession as a
+means of self-support, and to her belongs the honor of adding a new
+vocation to those upon which Canadian women may enter. In addition to
+these duties Miss Fraser undertook journalistic work, and was the first
+lady writer in Toronto to conduct the department devoted to woman's
+interests, now so important a weekly feature in the great dailies in
+Canada.
+
+In 1884, while occupying the important position of Assistant Secretary
+to General Manager Oakes of the Northern Pacific Railway at St. Paul,
+Minn., she became the wife of Mr. E. P. Newhall, of the Pacific Express
+Co. in Omaha.
+
+Notwithstanding household cares and ill-health Mrs. Newhall still finds
+time to indulge in her old taste for literature, wielding an earnest pen
+in advocacy of those reforms which most interest women of advanced
+thought. She has achieved considerable fame as a writer of short
+stories, and her compositions of verse bear the mark of the true poet's
+touch.
+
+As a clanswoman Mrs. Newhall is fond of claiming the right to call
+herself a "black" Fraser, nature having endowed her with that darkness
+of hair and eyebrow which is supposed to stamp all the possessors
+thereof as "true Frasers."
+
+
+
+
+                   FRASER'S DRINKING SONG.
+
+     (The Fraser Motto is "JE SUIS PREST"--"I AM READY.")
+
+Words by GEORGINA FRASER NEWHALL.              Music by J. LEWIS BROWNE.
+
+
+[Illustration of musical score of Fraser's Drinking Song]
+
+
+                 FRASER'S DRINKING SONG.
+
+                          1
+
+All ready?
+    Let us drink to the woman who rules us to-night--
+    To her lands; to her laws; 'neath her flag we will smite
+    Ev'ry foe,
+    Hip and thigh,
+    Eye for eye,
+    Blow for blow--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+                          2
+
+All ready?
+    Then here's to the mothers who bore us, my men;
+    To the shieling that sleeps in the breast of the glen
+    Where the stag
+    Drinks it fill
+    From the rill
+    By the crag--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+                          3
+
+All ready?
+    Fill your glass to the maid you adore, my boys;
+    Wish her health, wish her wealth, long life, and all joys;
+    Full measure
+    (May it swim
+    To the brim)
+    Of pleasure--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+                          4
+
+All ready?
+    And here's to the country we live in, my lads;
+    It is here we have struggled and thriven, my lads?
+    God bless it,
+    May Beauty
+    And Duty
+    Possess it--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+                          5
+
+All ready?
+    A Fraser! A Fraser forever, my friends;
+    While he lives how he hates, how he loves till life ends;
+    He is first,
+    Here's my hand,
+    Into grand
+    Hurrah burst--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+
+
+
+                           SIMON FRASER.
+
+                  DISCOVERER OF THE FRASER RIVER.
+
+
+The life-work of the discoverer of the Fraser River illustrates the
+pioneer spirit which animated the early settlers of Canada. There was
+the pluck, the love of adventure, the endurance, the prompt response to
+the call of duty, the expansive idea which kept abreast of ever opening
+possibilities, and the rare tact displayed in new, embarrassing and
+important transactions. Simon Fraser was in many respects a great man
+and one of whom his clansmen may well feel proud. His grandfather was
+William Fraser, of Culbokie, whose wife Margaret Macdonell, of
+Glengarry, was the possessor of the famous _Balg Solair_ in which was
+stowed away a manuscript of Ossianic poetry, which figures in the
+dissertations on the authenticity of MacPherson's Ossian, and regarding
+which the following interesting passage occurs in the correspondence of
+the late Bishop Alexander Macdonell: "I myself saw a large MS. of
+Ossian's poems in the possession of Mrs. Fraser of Culbokie, in
+Strathglass, which she called "_am Balg Solair_" (a bag of fortuitous
+goods). This lady's residence being between my father's house and the
+school where I used to attend with her grandchildren, at her son's,
+Culbokie House, by way of coaxing me to remain on cold nights at her own
+house, she being cousin to my father, she used to take up the _Balg
+Solair_, and read pieces of it to me. Although a very young boy at the
+time, I became so much enraptured with the rehearsal of the achievements
+of the heroes of the poem, and so familiar with the characters,
+especially of Oscar, Cathmor, and Cuthchullin, that when MacPherson's
+translation was put into my hands in the Scotch college of Valladolid in
+Spain, many years afterwards, it was like meeting old friends with whom
+I had been intimately acquainted. Mrs. Fraser's son, Simon, who had a
+classical education, and was an excellent Gaelic scholar, on emigrating
+to America in the year 1774, took the _Balg Solair_ with him as an
+invaluable treasure. On the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, Mr.
+Fraser joined the Royal Standard, was taken prisoner by the Americans
+and thrown into jail, where he died."
+
+William, of Culbokie, and his wife Margaret Macdonell had nine sons. Of
+these, Archibald and John fought under Wolfe at Quebec. John settled at
+Montreal, and became Chief Justice of the Montreal district. In 1774, or
+more probably in 1773, Simon left home, and settled near Bennington,
+Vermont. Here his son, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1776. His
+mother and her family came to Canada after the death of his father (as
+stated above), and settled in Glengarry. Simon was the youngest of the
+family. He was placed in school in Montreal, where he resided with his
+uncle, the Chief Justice. In 1792, at the age of sixteen, he became an
+articled clerk with McTavish, Frobisher & Co., to the North-West Fur
+Trading Co., which had its headquarters in Montreal. In 1802 he became a
+partner, and subsequently went out to the far North. In 1805 he came
+down from Fort Athabasca to Fort William, and was then nominated to
+cross the Rocky Mountains, to extend out-posts and form trading
+connections with the Indians. He responded at once to the call. He said
+he would undertake the expedition provided they gave him a sufficient
+outfit. This the Company were only too glad to do. It was a very
+hazardous undertaking. He crossed the mountains with thirty men--clerks,
+axemen, guides and interpreters. He soon found himself in a wild and
+desolate region. As he went on he built block-houses, and took
+possession of the country in the name of the King. In 1806 he discovered
+the river which takes its name from him. He discovered many rivers and
+lakes which he named after different members of the Company. He traced
+the Fraser river to its source, and met many different tribes of
+Indians, some friendly, others hostile. At one time they met different
+tribes who were very friendly and made a great feast for them; they
+killed their _fattest dog_ for him, which of course he feigned to eat;
+but at the same feast the chiefs held a council and decided to put him
+to death, which the interpreter, who understood their language, told
+him, and they stole quietly away. He first named the river now known as
+the Fraser river, the "Great River," and called the place "New
+Caledonia." Here he left some of the party, and crossed westerly into
+the open country, and built another house near a lake, which he called
+Fraser's Lake. He was now with four men in the midst of Indians who had
+never before either seen or heard of the "pale face." On the border of
+this lake he witnessed an Indian ceremony. He was brought by the Indians
+to where they had a large burying-ground, where one of the Chiefs of
+their tribe was being buried. An immense number of warriors were
+assembled, and after a most solemn and impressive ceremony, Mr. Fraser
+was invited by signs to approach the grave. He did so, and gave immense
+satisfaction by engraving his name on a post which had been planted over
+the remains of the departed warrior. In July, 1807, he received fresh
+supplies from the North-West Co., who at the same time urged him to
+trace with all possible speed the "Great River" to the Sea, they being
+apprehensive that the Americans would get ahead of the British in that
+quarter, as in the previous year 1806, Captains Lewis and Clarke had
+gone down the "Columbia," and were extending American authority along
+the western coast of America, and Astor, on the part of the Americans,
+was also looking anxiously towards the northern section.
+
+The North-West Co. therefore urged Mr. Fraser to spare no expense in
+achieving the object of their desires.
+
+Mr. Fraser built another trading-house on the "Great River" in 1807, and
+reached the Ocean in July, 1808. He remained but a short time there on
+account of the hostility of the Indians.
+
+Returning he again met numerous and large bodies of Indians speaking
+several different languages. They assembled to see the wonderful pale
+faces who had come among them. An idea of how they regarded white men
+may be formed from the fact that when hundreds of them were congregated
+together, at the discharge of a single rifle they would fall prostrate
+on the ground, so great was their astonishment. Had it not been for Mr.
+Fraser's wonderful energy and enterprise, there would not be a railroad
+to-day from ocean to ocean over British territory.
+
+
+
+
+                        SIMON, LORD LOVAT.
+
+                     BEHEADED ON TOWER HILL.
+
+[Illustration: The Right Honourable Simon Lord Frasier of Lovat, Chief
+of the Clan of the Frasers &c.]
+
+No Fraser chief has achieved more notoriety than Simon, the fourteenth
+Lord Lovat. His enemies avenged themselves for the failure of their
+nefarious plots against him by supplying, at a cheap rate, the charcoal
+with which prejudiced historians have blackened his memory. But while
+his fate is still held up as a warning to evil doers, it has been
+proved, beyond peradventure, that his character has been much maligned,
+and that he appears rather as a man of inexhaustible resources, availing
+himself of whatever means lay nearest to his hand to extricate himself
+from enormous difficulties and to attain objects which, though of
+personal advantage to himself and Clan, were as honorable as they were
+just, and wholly in keeping with the customs of his day. His efforts to
+secure the chiefship and the honors of his house, and to extend the
+power of the Clan, were genuinely patriotic. His Lordship certainly was
+a man of learning and ability. He was an admirable letter writer, and
+passages in his correspondence show that he had wonderful facility in
+writing and a capital style.
+
+The picture here given is from a mezzo-tint in possession of Mr. B.
+Homer Dixon, from a painting of Lord Lovat, by David Le Clerc, a Swiss
+who was in England in 1715 and 1716. The picture which is supposed to
+have been taken in 1715, when Lord Lovat was about forty-eight years
+old, is marked: "Le Clare, _pinxt_. J. Simon, _fecit_." Although armour
+had been disused before Lord Lovat's time, it was the fashion at that
+period for gentlemen to be painted in armour. The mezzo-tint is very
+rare.
+
+
+
+
+                   BRIGADIER SIMON FRASER.
+
+
+[Illustration: BRIGADIER-GENERAL FRASER, YOUNGER OF BALNAIN.]
+
+Among the officers of Fraser's Highlanders were several clansmen
+destined to rise high in military distinction. Of them few are better
+known in the Clan than Captain Simon Fraser of Balnain, afterwards
+Quarter-Master General in Ireland, a post which he quitted to serve as
+Brigadier-General in Burgoyne's Army in America. He had served in the
+Scotch regiment in the Dutch service, and was wounded at Bergen-op-Zoom.
+He spoke French perfectly and to this accomplishment and his coolness
+was due his signal service at Quebec, where he saved the transports from
+discovery at a critical moment before the precipice was scaled.
+
+Smollet relates the incident as follows:--"The French had posted
+sentries along shore to challenge boats and vessels and give the alarm
+occasionally. The first boat that contained the English troops being
+questioned accordingly, a captain of Fraser's regiment, who had served
+in Holland, and who was perfectly well acquainted with the French
+language and customs, answered without hesitation to _qui vive_?--which
+is their challenging word--_La France_; nor was he at a loss to answer
+the second question, which was much more particular and difficult. When
+the sentinel demanded, _a quel regiment_? the captain replied, _de la
+reine_, which he knew by accident to be one of those that composed the
+body commanded by Bougainville. The soldier took it for granted this was
+the expected convoy (a convoy of provisions expected that night for the
+garrison of Quebec), and, saying _passe_, allowed all the boats to
+proceed without further question. In the same manner the other sentries
+were deceived; though one, more wary than the rest, came running down
+to the water's edge and called, _pour quoi est ce que vous ne parlez
+pas haut?_ 'Why don't you speak with an audible voice?' To this
+interrogation, which implied doubt, the captain answered with admirable
+presence of mind, in a soft tone of voice, _tai toi nous serens
+entendues!_ 'Hush! we shall be overheard and discovered.' Thus cautioned
+the sentry retired without further altercation."
+
+At the time of the Revolutionary War, Brigadier-General Simon Fraser was
+second in command of the British army, under Burgoyne. He fell at
+Saratoga under circumstances which prove his great ability as an
+officer. The American historians say that General Burgoyne had lost his
+head, and the American General Morgan perceiving it, called two of his
+best riflemen and said: "You see that fine fellow on the white horse? It
+goes against my heart to do it, but you must pick him off, or we lose
+the battle." They watched their opportunity, shot General Fraser, and
+the Americans won the day.
+
+The picture here given is said to be a good likeness. It has been
+produced from a mezzo-tint in the possession of Mr. B. Homer Dixon,
+Toronto.
+
+
+
+
+                      SECOND ANNUAL GATHERING.
+
+    "Three triumphs in a day; three hosts subdued in one:
+     Three armies scattered like the spray, beneath one common sun."
+
+
+The second Annual Gathering and Dinner of the Clan Fraser in Canada was
+held on the 25th day of February, 1895, that date having been selected
+in honor of the Scots' victory at Roslin on February 25th, 1303, when
+the army was commanded by Sir Simon Fraser, the patriot (p. 48). The
+place of meeting was the Rossin House, Toronto. The gentlemen were
+accompanied by lady friends, a departure from the custom generally
+observed on similar festive occasions, that contributed greatly to the
+pleasure of the evening. The committee in charge of the arrangements was
+composed of Dr. J. B. Fraser (Chairman of Programme Committee),
+Professor W. H. Fraser, Messrs. G. B. Fraser, R. L. Fraser, Alexander
+Fraser (Fraserfield), Alexander R. Fraser, W. P. Fraser, Andrew Fraser,
+Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh), Chairman; and W. A. Fraser,
+Secretary. Those present were Rev. Dr. Mungo Fraser, Hamilton; Mr. W.
+Lewis Fraser, New York; Mr. Donald Fraser, Kingston; Mr. R. I. Fraser,
+Barrie; Mr. Andrew Fraser, Barrie; Messrs. Robert Lovat Fraser, George
+B. Fraser, and Miss Fraser; Professor W. H. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser; Dr.
+J. B. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser; Alexander Fraser (Fraserfield), Mrs.
+Fraser and Miss Kate Fraser; Alexander R. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser;
+Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh), Mrs. Fraser, Miss Fraser, Mrs.
+Georgina Fraser-Newhall, and Mrs. Ramsay; Mr. W. A. Fraser and Mrs.
+Fraser; Dr. Pyne and Mrs. Pyne; Alexander Fraser (Parkdale), and Miss
+Fraser; W. P. Fraser, Donald Fraser, Charles Fraser, Mrs. C. G. Fraser
+and Master Norman Fraser, James Fraser, Henry Sandham Fraser.
+
+Letters of regret at their inability to attend were read from Messrs. E.
+A. Fraser, Detroit; D. Fraser, Montreal; Ex-Mayor Fraser, Petrolea; O.
+K. Fraser, Brockville; A. Fraser, Hamilton; P. M. Fraser, St. Thomas;
+Rev. R. D. Fraser, Bowmanville; and Rev. Dr. J. B. Fraser, Annan.
+
+Mr. Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh) presided, and the vice-chairs were
+occupied by Messrs. George B. Fraser and R. L. Fraser, and Mr. W. A.
+Fraser acted as Secretary.
+
+The after-dinner programme was interesting and varied. Besides the usual
+toasts it included the "Fraser's Drinking Song," composed by Mrs.
+Georgina Fraser-Newhall, and sung by Mrs. Alexander Fraser; readings by
+Prof. W. H. Fraser, bagpipe selections by Pipe-Major MacSwayed, and
+Highland dancing by Master Norman Fraser.
+
+The speeches contained a great deal of information regarding the Clan,
+and were very interesting. Most eloquent was the speech delivered by Mr.
+W. Lewis Fraser, of New York, who entered into the history of the Clan
+at considerable length; and that by Mrs. Georgina Fraser-Newhall, in
+response to the toast of her health.
+
+A group photograph was successfully taken of the company by the aid of a
+flash-light, which will remain a memento of a very pleasant gathering.
+
+Before dispersing the report of the Committee on the Organization of the
+Clan was read. It set forth that meetings had been held at which the
+Clan had been organized, and the annexed Constitution and By-laws
+prepared:
+
+
+
+
+                       THE CLAN FRASER IN CANADA.
+
+                     (_Instituted May 5th, 1894._)
+
+                       CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS.
+
+[Illustration of the Crest of the Clan]
+
+
+     ARTICLE I.--NAME.--The name of this organization shall be: "The
+     Clan Fraser in Canada."
+
+     ARTICLE II.--OBJECTS.--The objects of the Clan shall be:
+
+     The cultivation of friendly intercourse and social relations among
+     those bearing the surname "Fraser," and the promotion among its
+     members of love for the Clan, and increased interest in its history
+     and traditions:
+
+     The collection of Clan records, traditions and anecdotes; of
+     documents bearing upon the Clan history; of information relating to
+     notable clansmen, especially with reference to the early history of
+     the Clan in Canada; and the compilation of an album of portraits
+     and biographical sketches of Clansmen in Canada:
+
+     The furtherance of the interests of clansmen, whether in Scotland
+     or in Canada, and the giving of such assistance to clansmen in need
+     as may be within the power of the Clan.
+
+     ARTICLE III.--MEMBERSHIP.--Persons bearing the surname "Fraser," by
+     birth or by marriage, shall be eligible for membership in the Clan.
+     Honorary membership may be conferred on distinguished clansmen, or
+     on persons, not clansmen, who have rendered conspicuous service to
+     the Clan.
+
+     ARTICLE IV.--ARMS, MOTTO AND BADGE.--The arms of the Clan Fraser in
+     Canada shall be the same as those of the Clan proper, with the
+     difference of a wreath of Canadian maple leaves intertwined (a
+     fac-simile of which is impressed on this Constitution); the "Motto"
+     and "Badge" shall be that of the Clan Fraser--motto, "Je Suis
+     Prest"; badge, a sprig of yew--_Taxus Baccata_.
+
+     ARTICLE V.--(_a_) EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.--The Executive Officers shall
+     consist of a Chief, Chieftains (as hereinunder provided for),
+     Secretary-Treasurer, Historians, Curator, and a Bard.
+
+     (_b_)--TRUSTEES AND COUNCILLORS.--There shall be three Trustees,
+     six Councillors, a Pipe-Major and Pipers.
+
+     (_c_)--HONORARY CHIEF AND CHIEFTAINS.--The Chief of the Clan
+     Fraser, "Mac-Shimi," shall be the Honorary Chief, and Honorary
+     Chieftainship may be bestowed on clansmen who merit very high clan
+     honor.
+
+     ARTICLE VI.--GATHERINGS.--The Clan shall gather once a year, on a
+     day to be decided upon by the Executive Committee, for the
+     transaction of business. That gathering shall be known as the
+     Annual Business Meeting of the Clan. On the evening of the same day
+     a Clan Dinner, or other form of Entertainment, shall take place.
+
+     ARTICLE VII.--At the Annual Business Meeting of the Clan the
+     Executive Officers, Trustees, Councillors and Pipers, Honorary
+     Chief (when vacant), and Honorary Chieftains (when Honorary
+     Chieftainship is conferred), shall be elected; and the roll of
+     members, prepared by the Executive Committee, shall be revised.
+
+     ARTICLE VIII.--The principle upon which Chieftains and Councillors
+     shall be elected shall be as follows: The Province of Ontario shall
+     be divided into five Districts, viz.: Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto,
+     Hamilton and London, from each of which and from each of the other
+     Provinces of Canada, a Chieftain shall be elected. A Chieftain may
+     be also elected from each of the States of the American Union, as
+     an interest in the Clan may be manifested. The Ontario Districts
+     shall comprise the following counties:
+
+     OTTAWA.--Glengarry, Prescott, Stormont, Dundas, Grenville,
+     Carleton, Russell, Renfrew.
+
+     KINGSTON.--Addington, Lennox, Frontenac, Hastings, Prince Edward,
+     Leeds, Lanark.
+
+     TORONTO.--Northumberland, Peterborough, Haliburton, Victoria,
+     Durham, Ontario, Muskoka, Parry Sound, Nipissing, York, Peel,
+     Toronto.
+
+     HAMILTON.--Wentworth, Lincoln, Welland, Brant, Waterloo, Simcoe,
+     Dufferin, Grey, Wellington, Halton.
+
+     LONDON.--Middlesex, Elgin, Oxford, Norfolk, Haldimand, Kent,
+     Lambton, Essex, Bruce, Huron, Perth.
+
+     There shall be at least one Councillor elected to represent each
+     District in Ontario.
+
+     ARTICLE IX.--The Executive Officers, Trustees and Councillors shall
+     form a General Committee, which shall prepare the business for the
+     Annual Meeting. The Executive Officers shall form the Executive
+     Committee of the General Committee. The General Committee and the
+     Executive Committee may appoint Sub-Committees with power to
+     transact business on behalf of the Clan.
+
+     ARTICLE X.--DUTIES OF OFFICERS.--The CHIEF shall preside at all the
+     meetings of Committees, at the Annual Business Meeting, and at the
+     Annual Entertainment of the Clan; in his absence the duties of the
+     Chief shall devolve upon the CHIEFTAINS in order of seniority, and
+     in the absence of all of them the clansmen present shall elect a
+     Chairman _pro tem_. The SECRETARY-TREASURER shall keep a correct
+     minute of the business transacted at the meetings of Committees and
+     at the Annual Meeting of the Clan; he shall keep a roll of the
+     membership of the Clan; with the Chief he shall convene the
+     meetings, and shall conduct the correspondence and general business
+     of the Clan; he shall submit his accounts to an audit annually or
+     on the demand of the Executive Committee. The HISTORIANS shall
+     compile the Clan Album, and shall edit any papers containing
+     information regarding the Clan or clansmen which may be secured for
+     the Clan. The CURATOR shall have the custody of all property
+     belonging to the Clan, including papers and books not in use by the
+     proper officers, and shall account for the same to the TRUSTEES in
+     whom the property shall be vested on behalf of the Clan, and who
+     shall submit a report of their stewardship to the Annual Meeting of
+     the Clan.
+
+     ARTICLE XI.--The roll of membership shall be compiled by the
+     Executive Committee, and shall be subject to revision at the Annual
+     Business Meeting.
+
+     ARTICLE XII.--The officers shall wear insignia of office; and an
+     officer holding the same office for three terms (not necessarily
+     consecutively) shall become the possessor of the insignia as his
+     own property.
+
+     ARTICLE XIII.--The Constitution and By-laws may be altered or
+     amended at the Annual Business Meeting of the Clan, by a two-thirds
+     vote of the membership, personally or by mandate; but notice of any
+     such alteration of amendment in specific terms must be lodged with
+     the Secretary-Treasurer at least two months before the date of the
+     Annual Business Meeting so that members may be notified when the
+     announcement of the Annual Business Meeting shall be made.
+
+
+                                 BY-LAWS.
+
+     1. The fee of membership shall be one dollar annually for
+     gentlemen, and the sum of fifty cents for ladies and minors.
+
+     2. The Annual Meeting of the Clan shall be held on a date to be
+     decided upon by the Executive Committee; in deciding upon the date,
+     however, the convenience of the greatest number of the membership
+     shall be the chief consideration.
+
+     3. Twelve members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
+     business at the Annual Meeting.
+
+     4. A member may be expelled from the Clan for a transgression of
+     any of its rules, or any other sufficient cause. Notice of intended
+     expulsion must be given to the Secretary-Treasurer, who shall lay
+     it before the Executive Committee for report at the Annual Business
+     Meeting, and to the member whom it is proposed to expel. Voting
+     shall be by ballot, and a majority must vote "yea" before a member
+     can be expelled. The annual revision of the roll of membership
+     referred to in the Constitution, Article XI., shall in no way be
+     understood to imply expulsion from membership.
+
+     5. The following shall be the order of business: 1st. Reading of
+     minutes of previous meeting; 2nd. Reading of communications and
+     action thereon; 3rd. Unfinished business of previous meeting; 4th.
+     New business; 5th. Election of officers; 6th. Adjournment.
+
+     Signed on behalf of the Committee.
+
+       ALEXANDER FRASER, _Chairman_.      W. A. FRASER, _Secretary_.
+
+The above Constitution and By-laws were duly adopted and ordered to be
+printed.
+
+
+
+
+                               THE OFFICERS.
+
+
+The following Officers were elected for the term 1895-'96:
+
+                            _Honorary Chief_,
+                               LORD LOVAT.
+
+                          _Honorary Chieftain_,
+                MR. CHARLES FRASER MACKINTOSH, Inverness
+
+                               _Chief_,
+               MR. ALEX. FRASER (MACFHIONNLAIDH), Toronto.
+
+                            _Chieftains_,
+    District of Ottawa: MR. ALEX. FRASER, Westmeath.
+                Kingston: MR. DONALD FRASER, Kingston.
+                Toronto: MR. G. B. FRASER, Toronto.
+                Hamilton: REV. DR. MUNGO FRASER, Hamilton.
+                London: EX-MAYOR FRASER, Petrolea.
+
+    Provinces--Maritime Provinces: D. C. FRASER, M. P., New Glasgow, N.S.
+                Quebec: MR. DONALD FRASER, Montreal.
+                Northwest Territories: MR. J. G. FRASER, Regina, N.W.T.
+                British Columbia: MR. W. FRASER, Vancouver, B.C.
+
+    State of Michigan: MR. E. A. FRASER, Detroit, U.S.A.
+                New York: MR. W. LEWIS FRASER, New York.
+
+                           _Councillors_,
+                Ottawa: MR. A. W. FRASER, Ottawa.
+                Kingston: MR. O. K. FRASER, Brockville.
+                Toronto { MR. ALEX. FRASER (Fraserfield), Toronto.
+                        { DR. J. B. FRASER, Toronto.
+                Hamilton: MR. R. I. FRASER, Barrie.
+                London: MR. WM. FRASER, of Port Stanley.
+
+                       _Secretary-Treasurer_,
+                    MR. W. A. FRASER, Toronto.
+
+                           _Chaplain_,
+                REV. DR. MUNGO FRASER, Hamilton.
+
+                          _Historians_,
+          PROF. W. H. FRASER and MR. ALEX. FRASER, Toronto.
+
+                           _Curator_,
+                 MR. ALEXANDER FRASER, Toronto.
+
+                          _Trustees_,
+MESSRS. R. L. FRASER, Toronto; ABNER FRASER, Hamilton; A. G. FRASER, London.
+
+                            _Bard_,
+               GEORGINA FRASER-NEWHALL, Omaha.
+
+                    *    *    *    *    *
+
+Transcriber's Notes:-
+
+Page 7   Page reference for "Constitution and By-laws of the Clan"
+         corrected from "110" to "109".
+
+Page 20  "the Emperor Charlemange" changed to "the Emperor Charlemagne"
+
+Page 30  "the childdren of the chief," changed to "the children of the chief,"
+
+Page 39  "whose sister Margaret was Malcom's Queen," changed to "whose sister
+          Margaret was Malcolm's Queen,"
+
+Page 41  "the Highlands of Scotlands," changed to "the Highlands of Scotland,"
+
+Page 100 "and built another house near a ake," changed to "and built another
+          house near a lake,"
+
+Page 109 "motto, "Ju Suis Prest";" changed to "motto, "Je Suis Prest";"
+
+Inconsistencies in capitalization and spelling retained.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Clan Fraser in Canada, by Alexander Fraser
+
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+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Clan Fraser in Canada, by Alexander Fraser
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Clan Fraser in Canada
+       Souvenir of the First Annual Gathering
+
+Author: Alexander Fraser
+
+Release Date: September 7, 2011 [EBook #37340]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CLAN FRASER IN CANADA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by James Wright and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Canada Team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net (This
+book was created from images of public domain material
+made available by the University of Toronto Libraries
+(http://link.library.utoronto.ca/booksonline/).)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/000_cover.jpg" width="600" height="950" alt="" title="Book Cover" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/002_arms.png" width="600" height="607" alt="" title="Clan Fraser Arms" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="caption">ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE CLAN FRASER,<br />
+<small><span class="smcap">With the Maple Leaf Entwined for Canada.</span></small></p>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="caption">THE</p>
+<h1>CLAN FRASER</h1>
+<p class="caption">IN CANADA</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/003_text.jpg" width="500" height="288" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p class="smcen">BY</p>
+<p class="caption">ALEXANDER FRASER</p>
+<p class="vsmcen">(MAC-FHIONNLAIDH)</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p class="caption">TORONTO:<br />
+<small><span class="smcap">Mail Job Printing Co.</span><br />
+1895.</small></p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/005_heading.jpg" width="300" height="112" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/005_dropcap.jpg" width="200" height="180" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+
+<p>he chief object aimed at by the publication of this little volume is to
+furnish, in a concise and inexpensive form, information regarding the
+Clan Fraser not readily accessible to clansmen in Canada. It is also
+hoped a perusal of the contents will strengthen the clan sentiment, and
+deepen the interest in the ancient clan bond and in the long and
+illustrious history of the Clan. But the book being essentially an
+account of the first Annual Gathering held by the Clan in the Province
+of Ontario, it will be an interesting souvenir of that pleasant event;
+and probably the hope may not be too sanguine that its appearance will
+mark an onward step in the record of the Clan in the Dominion.</p>
+
+<p>The publication has been undertaken under the auspices of the
+newly-formed Clan Fraser in Canada, and the thanks of the editor are due
+to Professor W. H. Fraser, of Toronto University, and to Mr. Alexander
+Fraser (of Fraserfield, Glengarry), the Printing Committee of the Clan;
+also to Mr. J. Lewis Browne, for the music to which the "Fraser Drinking
+Song," written by Mrs. Georgina Fraser-Newhall, has been set.</p>
+
+<p class="author">A. F.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Toronto</span>, February, 1895.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h2><span class="smcap">Contents.</span></h2>
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<table summary="Table of Contents" width="95%" border="0">
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><small>PAGE</small></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Introduction </td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fraser's Highlanders</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">&nbsp;&nbsp;11</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Seventy-First Regiment</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">&nbsp;&nbsp;15</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fraser De Berry's Organization</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_16">&nbsp;&nbsp;16</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Formation of the Clan Fraser in Canada</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21">&nbsp;&nbsp;21</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">First Annual Clan Dinner</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22">&nbsp;&nbsp;22</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Toast of "The Clan," containing references to:&mdash;</td>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Origin of the Clan, Change of Surnames</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">&nbsp;&nbsp;31</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Origin of the Name "Fraser"&mdash;The Norman-French Theory</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37">&nbsp;&nbsp;37</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mr. Skene's Position Criticised</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_39">&nbsp;&nbsp;39</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bond between Lord Lovat and the Marquis de la Frezelière</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_40">&nbsp;&nbsp;40</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Scottish Origin of the Name</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_42">&nbsp;&nbsp;42</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mr. Homer Dixon's Argument</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_43">&nbsp;&nbsp;43</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Frasers in the Lowlands</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45">&nbsp;&nbsp;45</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Clan Fraser Established in the Highlands</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_49">&nbsp;&nbsp;49</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Succession of the Chiefs</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_50">&nbsp;&nbsp;50</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alexander of Beaufort</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">&nbsp;&nbsp;56</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Succession of the Strichen Family</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_58">&nbsp;&nbsp;58</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A Curious Prediction</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_59">&nbsp;&nbsp;59</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Reply to the Toast</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">&nbsp;&nbsp;62</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">A Guest Honored</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_65">&nbsp;&nbsp;65</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Toast of "The Clan in Canada."</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_67">&nbsp;&nbsp;67</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Distinguished Clansmen"</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_73">&nbsp;&nbsp;73</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Art</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_74">&nbsp;&nbsp;74</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Science</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_76">&nbsp;&nbsp;76</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Literature</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_81">&nbsp;&nbsp;81</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Theology</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_87">&nbsp;&nbsp;87</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In War</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_88">&nbsp;&nbsp;88</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Politics</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_90">&nbsp;&nbsp;90</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Organization of the Clan</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_92">&nbsp;&nbsp;92</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Georgina Fraser-Newhall</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_93">&nbsp;&nbsp;93</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Fraser's Drinking Song</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_96">&nbsp;&nbsp;96</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Simon Fraser, Discoverer of the Fraser River</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_98">&nbsp;&nbsp;98</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Simon Lord Lovat, Beheaded on Tower Hill</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_103">103</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Brigadier Simon Fraser</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_104">104</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Second Annual Dinner</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_107">107</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Constitution and By-laws of the Clan</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_109">109</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">List of Officers</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_112">112</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">Illustrations:</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_2">Frontispiece</a>&mdash;Armorial Bearings of the Clan</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Menu and Toast List Card</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23">&nbsp;&nbsp;23</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh)</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">&nbsp;&nbsp;33</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Robert Lovat Fraser</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">&nbsp;&nbsp;63</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ex-Mayor John Fraser</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_74">&nbsp;&nbsp;75</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;William A. Fraser</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_79">&nbsp;&nbsp;79</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Georgina Fraser-Newhall</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_94">&nbsp;&nbsp;94</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Simon, Fourteenth Lord Lovat</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Brigadier Simon Fraser</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/009_illo.jpg" width="500" height="110" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<h2><span class="smcap">Introductory</span></h2>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/009_dropcap.jpg" width="150" height="322" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+
+<p>HE Gael has proved himself not less a pioneer of civilization, and
+adaptable to changing conditions of living, than a lover of the
+traditions of his race, holding tenaciously by ancient usages and
+manners, and stirred profoundly by racial sentiment. As a pioneer he has
+reached "the ends of the earth," possessing the unoccupied parts of the
+world. As a patriot he has established not a few of his cherished
+customs in the land of his adoption. His love of kindred is probably his
+most notable characteristic; it found embodiment in the clan system,
+under which his race achieved its greatest triumphs and enjoyed its
+greatest glories, and the bond of clanship, with its inspiring memories,
+the true clansman will never disregard. While the clan system, as such,
+would be impracticable in the British colonies under present-day
+conditions, even more so than in its old home in the Highlands of
+Scotland, its spirit lives, leavening the system of government and
+exercising no small influence in the fusion of heterogeneous elements
+into new and distinct peoples.</p>
+
+<p>These observations are applicable in a peculiar degree to Canada, where
+a very large number of clansmen have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+found a second Highland home. Many of the forests which rang with the
+clash of the claymore in the struggle for British supremacy, fell
+afterwards to the axe of the Gaelic settler. His trail lies across the
+continent, from ocean to ocean. His energy and intelligence have been
+honorably felt in every walk of life, and his enterprise and skill have
+done much to develop and upbuild the Dominion. No body of people
+occupies a more distinguished place in this respect than the Frasers;
+indeed, even among the clans, no name is more closely identified than
+that of "Fraser" with the early days of Canada. To tell of their
+services on the field, in government, in commerce, in the professions,
+would occupy a large volume, as would a similar story of other clans,
+and an attempt to do so, in an introductory chapter, would be altogether
+out of place, but there are a few events of importance to the country in
+which the Frasers figured to which it will be well to allude with
+fitting brevity.</p>
+
+<p>Those who hold the Norman theory believe the first of the name of
+"Fraser" in Scotland, "came over with William the Conqueror," and they
+ask no better proof of the antiquity of the name. If the early
+connection of the Clan with Canada be any satisfaction to clansmen
+there, then it may be stated with truth that the first settlers of the
+name "came over with Wolfe the Conqueror," and their services were as
+conspicuous in the military operations conducted by the intrepid young
+General, who gave his life for his country on the Plains of Abraham, as
+were those performed by any brave knight, whose name may be found on the
+roll of Battle Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>The story of Fraser's Highlanders forms one of the most romantic
+chapters in the annals of the clans, and should the time come when it is fairly and fully<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+given to the world, it will prove a valuable addition to the history of Highland life and of early
+Canada.</p>
+
+<p>For the part taken by the Clan in the uprising of 1745, Lord Simon was
+beheaded on Tower Hill and the Fraser estates were forfeited to the
+Crown. The Master of Lovat appeared at the head of the Clan on the
+Stuart side; but, as he was young at the time and had acted by his
+father's command, he was pardoned, and in 1757, in accordance with the
+wise, conciliatory policy of Mr. Pitt, he was commissioned to raise a
+regiment of his clansmen, of which he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel
+commanding. In General Stewart's Sketches a brief but interesting
+account of this, the old Seventy-Eighth Regiment, is given, an extract
+from which will show the strength of the clan ties then existing, and
+the high character of the men who were raised on the Lovat territory.
+General Stewart says: "Without estate, money or influence, beyond that
+influence which flowed from attachment to his family, person and name,
+this gentleman (the Master of Lovat), in a few weeks found himself at
+the head of 800 men, recruited by himself. The gentlemen of the country
+and the officers of the regiment added more than 700, and thus a
+battalion was formed of 13 companies of 105 rank and file each, making
+in all 1,460 men, including 65 sergeants and 30 pipers and drummers."
+All accounts concur in describing this regiment as a superior body of
+men; their character and actions raised the military reputation and gave
+a favorable impression of the moral virtues of the sons of the
+mountains. The uniform was the full Highland dress, with musket and
+broadsword, dirk and sporran of badger's or otter's skin. The bonnet was
+raised or cocked on one side, with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> a slight bend inclining down to the
+right ear, over which were suspended two or more black feathers.</p>
+
+<p>The regiment embarked at Greenock, and landed at Halifax in June, 1757,
+and followed the fortunes of the war for six years. "On all occasions,"
+says Stewart, "this brave body of men sustained a uniform character for
+unshaken firmness, incorruptible probity and a strict regard both to
+military and moral duties." Their chaplain was a man of note as of
+stature. His name was Robert Macpherson, but he was known in the
+regiment as <i>An Caipeal Mor</i>, being of large physique. He exercised the
+traditional authority of a Highland minister, and we are told that the
+men were always anxious to conceal their misdemeanors from him.</p>
+
+<p>The cold climate, it was feared, would prove too severe to the Frasers,
+who wore the kilt, and an attempt, kindly conceived, no doubt, was made
+to change the "garb of old Gaul" for the trews. The proposal aroused
+strenuous opposition; officers and men opposed the change and finally
+were successful. The strength of feeling awakened may be judged from the
+words of one of the soldiers in the regiment: "Thanks to our generous
+chief, we were allowed to wear the garb of our fathers, and, in the
+course of six winters, showed the doctors that they did not understand
+our constitution; for in the coldest winters our men were more healthy
+than those regiments that wore breeches and warm clothing." A somewhat
+amusing anecdote is related of how the Nuns of the Ursuline Convent,
+where the Frasers were quartered in 1759-60, endeavored to induce
+Governor Murray to be allowed to provide sufficient raiment for the
+kilted soldiers, but, of course, without success.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At Louisburg, Montmorenci, Ste. Foye and on the Plains of Abraham, the
+Frasers distinguished themselves greatly. One of the most eloquent
+tributes to their prowess was spoken by the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, the
+French-Canadian, at the inauguration in 1855 of the Statue of Bellona
+sent by Prince Napoleon for the monument erected on the famous
+battlefield. The French-Canadian historian Garneau, and other writers in
+whose veins courses the blood of the vanquished at Quebec, have borne
+generous testimony to their military bearing and good conduct. Garneau
+writes of the battle of Carillon, 1758: "It was the right of the trench
+works that was longest and most obstinately assailed; in that quarter
+the combat was most sanguinary. The British Grenadiers and Highlanders
+there persevered in the attack for three hours, without flinching or
+breaking rank. The Highlanders above all, under Lord John Murray,
+covered themselves with glory. They formed the troops confronting the
+Canadians, their light and picturesque costumes distinguishing them from
+all other soldiers amid the flames and smoke. The corps lost the half of
+its men, and twenty-five of its officers were killed or severely
+wounded;" and the genial Le Moine, half Highland and half French, says:
+"The Frasers of 1759 and of 1775 readily courted danger or death in that
+great duel which was to graft progress and liberty on that loved emblem
+of Canada, the pride of its forests&mdash;the Maple Tree. If at times one
+feels pained at the ferocity which marked the conflict and which won for
+Fraser's Highlanders at Quebec, the name <i>Les Sauvages d'Ecosse</i>,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> one
+feels relieved, seeing that the meeting was inevitable, that the sturdy
+sons of Caledonia, in Levis'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> heroic Grenadiers, did find a foe worthy
+of their steel. Scotchmen, on the field of Ste. Foye, in deadly
+encounter with France's impetuous warriors, doubtless acknowledged that
+the latter were not unworthy descendants of those whom they had helped
+to rout England's soldiery on the fields of Brangé, Crevant and
+Verneuil."</p>
+
+<p>At the close of the war many of the officers and men settled in the
+Provinces of Quebec and Nova Scotia, having obtained their discharge and
+grants of land in the New World. It was not long ago computed that the
+descendants of these Highlanders in the Province of Quebec numbered
+3,000, but merged in the French-Canadian peasantry to such an extent
+that even the names have lost their original form. In Nova Scotia the
+name Fraser flourishes in every township of every county. There have
+been many accessions to the Clan since the days of the Seventy-Eighth
+and the Battle of the Plains, but at least four-fifths of those bearing
+the Clan name in Canada to-day, trace their descent from the victorious
+clansmen of Cape Breton and Quebec.</p>
+
+<p>On the outbreak of the American War the Royal Highland Emigrants were
+embodied, and in that regiment, commanded by the gallant Lieut.-Colonel
+Allan MacLean (son of Torloisk), 300 men who had belonged to Fraser's
+regiment enlisted. In the interval between the cession of Canada and the
+American War, the Lovat estates were restored to the Master of Lovat,
+for his eminent services (the title was kept in abeyance), and he was
+asked to raise a regiment, the Seventy-First, of two battalions. This he
+speedily accomplished and soon found himself at the head of a double
+regiment numbering 2,340 officers and men. They behaved with the highest
+distinction throughout the war and earned flattering encomiums<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> from the
+commanding officers. General Stewart, than whom no more competent
+authority has written of Highland regiments, and but few who have
+understood Highland character better, whose Sketches have furnished
+facts to all subsequent writers on the subject, speaks of the
+Seventy-First, Fraser's Highlanders, thus: "Their moral conduct was in
+every way equal to their military character. Disgraceful punishments
+were unknown. Among men religious, brave, moral and humane, disgraceful
+punishments are unnecessary. Such being the acknowledged general
+character of these men, their loyalty was put to the test and proved to
+be genuine. When prisoners, and solicited by the Americans to join their
+standard and settle among them, not one individual violated the oath he
+had taken, or forgot his fidelity or allegiance, a virtue not generally
+observed on that occasion, for many soldiers of other corps joined the
+Americans, and sometimes, indeed, entered their service in a body." The
+Seventy-First did not leave many behind as settlers, and the reference
+to it here is only permissible as illustrating the high character of the
+Clan, of which the Seventy-Eighth, which left its quota of settlers
+behind, formed an important part. General Simon Fraser's intimate
+connection with Canada, as commanding officer of Fraser's Highlanders
+(1757), and in other interesting respects, may suffice as a reason why a
+good anecdote of him may be here related. When the Seventy-First
+mustered at Glasgow, Lochiel was absent, being ill at London. His
+absence had not, evidently, been explained to his company, for they
+demurred to embark without their chief; they feared some misfortune had
+befallen him. General Fraser had a command of eloquent speech and he
+succeeded in persuading<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> them to embark with their comrades. It is
+related that while he was speaking in Gaelic to the men, an old
+Highlander, who had accompanied his son to Glasgow, was leaning on his
+staff gazing at the General with great earnestness. When he had
+finished, the old man walked up to him and, with that easy familiar
+intercourse, which in those days subsisted between the Highlanders and
+their superiors, shook him by the hand, exclaiming "Simon, you are a
+good soldier, and speak like a man; so long as you live, Simon of Lovat
+will never die;" alluding to the General's address and manner, which was
+said to resemble much that of his father, Lord Lovat, whom the old
+Highlanders knew perfectly.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">The De Berry Organization.</span></h4>
+
+<p>We have now seen the origin of the Frasers in Canada; they came in war,
+but the swords were readily turned into ploughshares, and the arts of
+peace cultivated with a constancy and success that equalled their
+intrepidity and valor on the battlefield. Years rolled on, the Clan
+multiplied and prospered, and, in the course of time, a project was
+entered upon for the formation of a new Clan Fraser on Canadian soil.
+The leading spirit of the movement was the Hon. John Fraser de Berry, a
+member for the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec. A meeting
+of Frasers was held in response to the following public advertisement:</p>
+
+<h4>FRASER CLAN.</h4>
+
+<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">The Frasers</span> of the Province of Quebec are respectfully requested to
+     meet at the office of Messrs. <span class="smcap">Thomas Fraser &amp; Co.</span>, at the Lower
+     Town, Quebec, on <span class="smcap">Saturday</span>, the twenty-fifth day of January, 1868,
+     at <span class="smcap">ten</span> o'clock <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>, to take into consideration the advisability of
+     organizing the "<span class="smcap">Clan</span>" for the Dominion of Canada.</p>
+
+<table summary="Frasers" width="95%" border="0">
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">John Fraser de Berry</span>,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">A. Fraser</span>,</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">A. Fraser, Sr.</span>,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">A. Fraser, Jr.</span>,</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">J. R. Fraser</span>,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">Fred. Fraser</span>,</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">January 21, 1868.</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">John Fraser</span>,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="smcap">J. Fraser</span>.</td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At this meeting preliminary steps were taken to further the object in
+view, and another meeting was held on February 8th, 1868, of which the
+following report has been taken from the <i>Quebec Mercury</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p>At a meeting of the "Frasers" of the Province of Quebec, held at Mrs.
+Brown's City Hotel, on the 8th February, 1868, Alexander Fraser, Esq.,
+notary, ex-Member for the County of Kamouraska, now resident in Quebec,
+in the chair; Mr. Omer Fraser, of St. Croix, acting as Secretary.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. It was unanimously resolved:</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That it is desirable that the family of "Frasers" do organize
+themselves into a clan with a purely and benevolent social object, and,
+with that view, they do now proceed to such organization by recommending
+the choice of</p>
+
+<p>A Chief for the Dominion of Canada;</p>
+<p>A Chief for each province;</p>
+<p>A Chief for each electoral division;</p>
+<p>A Chief for each county;</p>
+<p>A Chief for each locality and township.</p>
+
+<p>2. That the Chief of the Dominion of Canada be named "The Fraser," and
+that he be chosen at a general meeting of the Frasers of all the
+provinces; the said meeting to be held on the second Thursday in the
+month of May next, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, in such place in the
+City of Ottawa as will then be designated.</p>
+
+<p>3. That it is desirable that the Chief of the Province of Quebec and the
+Chiefs of the electoral divisions represented at said meeting be chosen
+forthwith; and that the Chief elected for this province be authorized
+and empowered to name the Chiefs for such divisions as are not
+represented at present, the said selection shall, however, be subject to
+the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> approbation of the Frasers of the division interested, who will
+make the same known at a meeting to be called without delay, by the
+Chief of the Province of Quebec, with the view to proceed to the
+nomination of the Chiefs of counties comprehended in the said division.</p>
+
+<p>4. That Chiefs of counties be obliged to convene also without delay, a
+meeting by which shall be chosen all the Chiefs of parishes or
+townships.</p>
+
+<p>5. That it shall be the duty of the Chief chosen for a parish or
+township to report to the Chief of his county as early as possible, the
+number of Frasers residing in his parish or township; and of the Chief
+of the county in his town, to report to the Chief of his electoral
+division, who will transmit it, together with his own report, to the
+Chief of his province; the said report to contain the number of Frasers
+in his division, in order that the force of the Clan in each province
+may be ascertained on the 14th of May next, at the meeting at Ottawa.</p>
+
+<p>6. That it is advisable that the meeting at Ottawa, representing all the
+Clan, be composed of all its divers Chiefs from the Chiefs of provinces,
+even to the Chiefs of parishes or townships inclusively, and any other
+Frasers who may desire to attend at the same.</p>
+
+<p>7. That the above resolutions and the nominations, which are to take
+place this day, or which may be made hereafter by the Chief of the
+province, shall be considered as preliminary and temporary, as they are
+made with the sole object of organizing the Clan, and not to bind in any
+manner whatever the Frasers, who will be at perfect liberty to
+reorganize themselves completely anew at the Ottawa meeting.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>8. That the Clan shall not be considered to exist until and after the
+next anniversary or Dominion Day, the first of July next, under such
+rules and regulations as will be adopted at the meeting at Ottawa; the
+Frasers of this meeting protest energetically against any intention,
+which might be attributed to them, of dictating their will to their
+namesakes of this province; they are simply attempting to organize and
+with a benevolent object, to adopt temporarily the above resolutions the
+better to attain that end.</p>
+
+<p>9. That the sister provinces of Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
+be respectfully requested to organize themselves, and to send delegates
+to the meeting at Ottawa, on the fourteenth of May next, that time
+having been selected because in all probability the parliament will
+still be in session, and the members may attend the session before
+dispersing.</p>
+
+<p>10. That all proceedings be respectfully submitted to the "Fraser"
+family, which is one of the most ancient, one of the most noble, one of
+the most influential, and one of the most numerous families of the
+Dominion of Canada.</p>
+
+<p>11. That all the newspapers throughout the Dominion of Canada, who have
+subscribers of the name of Fraser, are requested to publish the
+proceedings of this meeting.</p>
+
+<p>After which the meeting proceeded to the nomination of the following
+officers, who were unanimously elected:</p>
+
+<p>I. To be the Chief of the Province of Quebec:</p>
+
+<p>The Honorable <span class="smcap">John Fraser de Berry</span>, Esquire, one of the members of the
+Legislative Council of the said Province, etc., being the fifty-eighth
+descendant of Jules de Berry, a rich and powerful lord (seigneur) who
+feasted sumptuously<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> the Emperor Charlemagne, and his numerous suite, at
+his castle in Normandy, in the eighth century.</p>
+
+<p>II. For the following electoral divisions:</p>
+
+<p><i>Lauzon</i>,&mdash;<span class="smcap">Thomas Fraser</span>, Esquire, farmer, of Pointe Levis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kennebec</i>,&mdash;<span class="smcap">Simon Fraser</span>, Esquire, of St. Croix.</p>
+
+<p><i>De la Durantaye</i>,&mdash;<span class="smcap">Alexander Fraser</span>, Esquire, farmer, of St. Vallier.</p>
+
+<p><i>Les Laurentides</i>,&mdash;<span class="smcap">William Fraser</span>, Esquire, of Lake St. John,
+Chicoutimi.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grandville</i>,&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jean Etienne Fraser</span>, Esquire, Notary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Green Island Stadacona</i>,&mdash;<span class="smcap">Alexander Fraser</span>, Esquire, Notary, St. Roch,
+Quebec.</p>
+
+<p>The meeting having voted thanks to the President and Secretary, then
+adjourned.</p>
+
+<p class="right">ALEX. FRASER,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+<i>President</i>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="right">OMER FRASER,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+<i>Secretary</i>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There was a good response to the call for the general meeting, letters
+having been sent broadcast over the Dominion. As chief of the Frasers of
+British North America, the Hon. James Fraser de Ferraline, in the
+Province of Nova Scotia, was elected. He was a scion of the Ferraline
+and Gorthlic families of the Clan. One hundred and eleven subordinate
+chieftains of provinces and districts were elected and Mr. John Fraser
+de Berry was appointed Secretary to the "New Clan Fraser," as it was
+called. For various reasons, chief among them being, probably, its
+elaborate constitution and the intangible purposes for which it was
+called into existence, the organization did not make satisfactory
+headway and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> in the course of not many years it failed to attract any
+public attention whatever, and ceased to exist. In its brief career it
+gathered some interesting information about the clansmen. In a report
+drawn up by the Secretary, De Berry, whose exertions on its behalf were
+unwearying, it is stated that there were then over 12,000 persons, men,
+women and children of the name Fraser, some speaking French, not one of
+whom was a day laborer, or "earning daily wages," but all in comfortable
+circumstances, many in positions of honour and trust.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 20%;" />
+
+<h3>FORMATION</h3>
+<h4>OF THE</h4>
+<h3>CLAN FRASER IN CANADA</h3>
+
+<p>Although Mr. John Fraser de Berry's scheme failed it was believed that
+there was room for a less pretentious and more practicable clan
+organization in Canada. There was little diminution of the clan feeling;
+the desire of those having the same origin and name, the same glorious
+clan history, in common, to enjoy a friendly intercourse, was natural
+and reasonable, and at length it assumed a practical form. Early in the
+spring of 1894 a meeting was held in the office of the <i>Toronto Daily
+Mail</i>, at which there were present: Messrs. George B. Fraser, commission
+agent; Robert Lovat Fraser, barrister; Alexander R. Fraser, druggist;
+Dr. J. B. Fraser, physician; Alexander Fraser (of Fraserfield,
+Glengarry), Secretary to the Boiler Inspection Company; W. H. Fraser,
+Professor of Languages at the Toronto University; W. A. Fraser, civil
+engineer and contractor; W. P. Fraser, clerk,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> Dominion Bank; Andrew
+Fraser, commercial traveller; and Alexander Fraser, of the editorial
+staff of the <i>Daily Mail</i>. The last named, descended from the Clan Mhic
+Fhionnlaidh sept of the Struy Frasers, was appointed chairman of the
+meeting and Mr. W. A. Fraser, also descended from good Strathglass
+stock, was appointed Secretary. All agreed that a clan organization
+ought to be formed and as a first step it was thought well to test the
+feeling of the clansmen at a family dinner, which it was decided should
+be held on May 5th, 1894. Those present formed themselves into a
+committee to make arrangements for holding the dinner and the chairman
+and secretary of the meeting were appointed chairman and secretary of
+the committee. Invitations were sent to every member of the Clan in
+Ontario, Montreal, New York, Buffalo and Detroit, whose name the
+committee was able to procure, and about three hundred replies were
+received, in which, without exception, an earnest hope for the success
+of the proposed organization was expressed. The dinner took place as had
+been decided upon, on May 5th, 1894, at Webb's Restaurant, Toronto, and
+an account of the proceedings will now be given.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 5%;" />
+
+<h3>THE CLAN DINNER.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/023_illo.jpg" width="600" height="897" alt="" title="menu cover" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i20"><small><small><i>A chuirm sgaoilte; chuaias an ceol</i></small></small></span><br />
+<span class="i21"><small><small><i>Ard sholas a'n talia nan triath.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Oisean.</span></small></small></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;">
+<img src="images/024_heading.png" width="700" height="122" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 80px;">
+<img src="images/024_soup.png" width="80" height="36" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Scotch Broth.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 80px;">
+<img src="images/024_fish.png" width="80" height="41" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Boiled Sea Salmon from the Cruives of Lovat.<br />
+Sgadan beag Poll-a-Roid.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pomme Natural, Anchovy Sauce.<br />
+Bread and Butter Rolled.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 430px;">
+<img src="images/024_entrees.png" width="430" height="177" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Roast Beef.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Spring Lamb.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 155px;">
+<img src="images/024_veg.png" width="155" height="35" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Mashed Potatoes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Asparagus.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;French Peas.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 168px;">
+<img src="images/024_entremets.png" width="168" height="35" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Fraser Pudding.</p>
+
+<p class="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Curds and Cream.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oat Cakes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Assorted Fine Cakes.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Shortbread.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cheese.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Biscuits.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Radishes.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Neapolitan Ice Cream.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nuts.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Figs.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dates.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 165px;">
+<img src="images/024_fruit.png" width="165" height="20" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i12"><small>"<i>Smeorach Stratharaigeig; uiseag an urlair.</i>"&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sean-Fhocai.</span></small></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 731px;">
+<img src="images/025_heading.png" width="731" height="100" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;">
+<img src="images/025_queen.png" width="800" height="30" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i20"><small>"She wrought her people lasting good."</small></span>
+<span class="i20">&nbsp;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;">
+<img src="images/025_chief.png" width="800" height="33" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i20"><small>"Tostamaid ar ceann a cinnidh;</small></span>
+<span class="i21"><small>Mac-Shimi mor na Morfhaich.</small></span>
+<span class="i23"><small>"Master, go on, and I will follow thee</small></span>
+<span class="i24"><small>To the last gasp, with truth and loyalty."</small></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Bagpipe Music&mdash;"Morar Sim."</b></p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;">
+<img src="images/025_clan.png" width="800" height="28" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i20"><small>"I tell you a thing sickerly,</small></span>
+<span class="i21"><small>That yon men will win or die;</small></span>
+<span class="i21"><small>For doubt of deid they sall not flee."</small></span><br />
+<span class="i23"><small>"'N uair 'thig an cinneadh Frisealach,</small></span>
+<span class="i24"><small>Tha fios gur daoine borb iad."</small></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Bagpipe Music&mdash;"Caisteal Dunaidh."</b></p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;">
+<img src="images/025_guests.png" width="800" height="31" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i20"><small>"Sir, you are very welcome to our house."</small></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Bagpipe Music&mdash;"Aird Mhic-Shimi."</b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>"Highland Fling," by Master Norman Fraser.</b></p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;">
+<img src="images/025_clancanada.png" width="800" height="33" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i20"><small>"Kindred alike, where'er our skies may shine,</small></span>
+<span class="i21"><small>Where'er our sight first drank the vital morn."</small></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Bagpipe Music&mdash;"Fhuair Mac-Shimi air ais an Oighearachd."</b></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;">
+<img src="images/025_dist.png" width="800" height="33" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i20"><small>"Of singular integrity and learning,</small></span>
+<span class="i21"><small>Yea, the elect o' the land."</small></span>
+<span class="i23"><small>(<i>a</i>) In Art; (<i>b</i>) in Science; (<i>c</i>) in Literature; (<i>d</i>) in Theology;</small></span>
+<span class="i23"><small>(<i>e</i>) in War; (<i>f</i>) in Political Life.</small></span>
+<span class="i20">&nbsp;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;">
+<img src="images/025_ladies.png" width="800" height="33" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i20"><small>"Disguise our bondage as we will,</small></span>
+<span class="i21"><small>'Tis woman, woman, rules us still."</small></span>
+<span class="i23"><small>"And when a lady's in the case,</small></span>
+<span class="i24"><small>You know, all other things give place."</small></span>
+<span class="i20">&nbsp;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;">
+<img src="images/025_deoch.png" width="800" height="29" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><small><i>Air (fonn) "Clementine."</i></small></p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i22"><small>Deoch an doruis, deoch an doruis,</small></span>
+<span class="i22"><small>Deoch an doruis, 's i tha ann;</small></span>
+<span class="i22"><small>Deoch an doruis, sguab as i,</small></span>
+<span class="i22"><small>Cha'n eil Mac-na-Bracha gann.</small></span>
+<span class="i20">&nbsp;</span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 731px;">
+<img src="images/025_footing.png" width="731" height="45" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><small>The bagpipe music will be furnished by Mr. Robert Ireland, Pipe Major of the<br />
+48th Highlanders, Toronto.</small></p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/026_illo.jpg" width="600" height="743" alt="" title="Fraser Clan Device" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p>Although the number that sat around the festive board was much smaller
+than had been expected, the elements requisite for a successful
+gathering were strongly in evidence, and, as a matter of fact, the
+inaugural dinner of the Clan turned out to be a most satisfactory event.
+Many of the absentees had conveyed good reasons for their absence, and
+hearty greetings to the assembled company. From a large
+number of letters it would be difficult to make a selection for the
+reader and the demands of space would prevent it, although some of them
+are really worth reproducing. Of special interest were the letters from
+Messrs. O. K. Fraser, Brockville; John Fraser, Wm. Lewis Fraser and
+Thomas Fraser, New York; P. M. Fraser, St. Thomas; Donald Fraser,
+Windsor; R. J. Fraser, Barrie; R. M. Fraser, Goderich; Rev. R. D.
+Fraser, Bowmanville; Rev. J. B. Fraser, M.D., Annan; John Fraser,
+Montreal; W. G. Fraser, Buffalo; Hon. Christopher Finlay Fraser, and B.
+Homer Dixon, K.N.L., Toronto; the last named a Fraser on the maternal
+side and a gentleman deeply versed in the history of the Clan.</p>
+
+<p>The dining hall presented a very attractive appearance. The table was
+made beautiful with a tastefully arranged and selected display of
+flowers and plants, and appropriate to the occasion there were stags'
+heads on the walls, and the Fraser Clan tartan draped the pillars,
+doorway and windows. There were a number of articles of interest sent by
+friends, such as finely executed mezzo-tint pictures of Simon Lord
+Lovat, beheaded in 1747, and of Brigadier Simon Fraser, the hero of
+Saratoga; and a water-color of the Clan arms, from Mr. B. Homer Dixon; a
+map of Inverness-shire, showing the Clan possessions at various stages
+of its history, with the lands in the hands of cadets of the Clan, a
+life-size copy of Hogarth's picture of Simon Lord Lovat, the "last of
+the martyrs," a life-size copy of an engraving of Sir Alexander Fraser
+of Phillorth, founder of the University of Fraserburgh, sent by the
+Chairman.</p>
+
+<p>The menu card, a copy of which has been reproduced for this volume, will
+be found to have been a clever effort of the artist, Mr. W. A. Fraser,
+Secretary of Committee. A<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> representation of the Falls of Foyers is
+given on the cover, and on the last page a celtic armorial device
+surrounded by the names of a number of old Fraser estates.</p>
+
+<p>The Chairman was Mr. Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh); and the
+vice-chairs were occupied by Mr. Robert Lovat Fraser, Barrister,
+Toronto, and ex-Mayor Fraser of Petrolea. A picture of the company is
+given on another page, which will form an interesting reminiscence of
+the happy gathering. From the picture, the face of one who was present
+at the dinner is unfortunately absent, that of Mr. Henry Sandham Fraser,
+and that of Mr. Wm. Fraser, of whom a brief notice is given on another
+page, appears, although he was not present, as he would have been were
+it not that he was just then stricken down with illness, to which, not
+long afterwards, he succumbed. The dinner was excellently served, and
+then came the toast list with the speeches. The first toast was that of:</p>
+
+<h4>"THE QUEEN."</h4>
+
+<p>The Chairman in proposing the health of the Queen said:&mdash;Our Clan has
+invariably been a loyal one, even in the rising which terminated so
+fatally on the battlefield of Culloden, the Clan Fraser took part,
+believing that they were striking a blow for the rightful king. I am
+sure we all agree that no sovereign has ever held sway over the British
+Empire who is more worthy of the regard of men of Highland blood than
+Her Majesty Queen Victoria. She who has given so many proofs of regard
+for the Highland people is beloved by them in return. Her volumes of her
+life in the Highlands, one of which has been well translated into Gaelic
+and the other indifferently so, bear testimony to the deep interest with
+which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> she regards that portion of her ancient kingdom of Scotland, to
+which we lay claim as our native land. She has gone in and out among the
+peasantry and gentry with perfect confidence in their loyalty and in
+their attachment to her person. She surrounded herself by faithful
+Highlanders, and their services to her, whether in the household or in
+positions of public preferment, have been uniformly of a high character
+and invariable success. That she may long live and rule in the hearts of
+her people, no body of men can wish more strongly than this company that
+has given to her name its just place of honor at the head of the toast
+list.</p>
+
+<p>The toast was cordially honored.</p>
+
+<h4>"THE CHIEF."</h4>
+
+<p>The Chairman next proposed the toast of the Chief. He said: It is stated
+that a man of the name of Cameron, who had fought at the Battle of
+Falkirk with the Royal Army, his clan being on the side of the Prince,
+joined his kinsmen after the battle, but still wore the Royal uniform in
+the bonnet of which there was a cockade. Lord Kilmarnock, coming up and
+seeing an armed Royalist, as he thought, suspected danger to the Prince,
+and in an altercation he snatched the cockade from the soldier's hat and
+trampled upon it. This aroused the ire of the Camerons who saw their
+comrade maltreated, and they resented Kilmarnock's interference, saying,
+"No Colonel nor General in the Prince's army can take that cockade out
+of the hat of a Cameron except Lochiel himself." I mention this incident
+as affording a good example of the bond of fealty by which the clansman
+was held to his chief. To him the chief was supreme in all things. He
+was not only the head of his family, but the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> provider and protector of
+the clan. His authority he derived from his position, his position he
+secured, sometimes by the good-will of the clan, but generally on
+account of birth. The clansmen considered themselves as the children of
+the chief, and the system demanded that they subordinate themselves to
+his rule. Without a chief or his substitute there could be no organized
+clan, and it is rightly understood how important was his position under
+the clan system. Chiefs of our Clan proved themselves to be worthy of
+the position, as a rule, and Simon Joseph, Lord Lovat, the young
+nobleman who now holds the chiefship, already gives promise of
+faithfully following in the footsteps of his forefathers. At the
+celebration of his majority, not long ago, there was a considerable
+gathering of clansmen and others to do him honor, and the manner in
+which he performed his part as host on that occasion is an augury of a
+distinguished future. It is said that he shows a deep interest in the
+welfare of his people, that he is a young man of highly patriotic
+feelings, and, as his sphere of usefulness is a wide one, he, no doubt,
+will have ample opportunity of filling the highest expectations of the
+Clan. Following the traditions of his house he has entered the army,
+and, should he decide to follow arms as a profession, no doubt the
+military genius of his race, bequeathed to him through a long line of
+ancestors, will win for him honorable distinction as a soldier. I now
+ask you to charge your glasses and to drink to the health of our young
+chief with Highland honors.</p>
+
+<p>The toast was drunk with Highland honors; the company singing "He's a
+Jolly Good Fellow," after which the piper played the Clan welcome,
+"Morar Sim."</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Charles Gordon Fraser was at this stage introduced,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> and her little
+boy, Master Norman Fraser, attired in Highland costume, gave a spirited
+and clever execution of the Highland fling, for which he was
+enthusiastically cheered.</p>
+
+<h4>"THE CLAN."</h4>
+
+<p>The Chairman proposed the next toast, that of the Clan. He said:&mdash;In
+rising to propose the toast of the evening, my first duty, it seems to
+me, is to express my sense of the great honor done me by my clansmen in
+asking me to preside over the first family dinner of the Clan in this
+Province. Many there be with us, who, from age and distinction and
+fitness in every respect, ought to have come before me, and who would
+have done greater honor to the position on such an occasion as this,
+than I can hope to do, even with your kind indulgence. The rather active
+part it has been my privilege to take in bringing about this happy
+gathering may have suggested your choice, and should I be right in this
+conjecture, that fact but deepens the feeling with which I regard the
+honor. But a still more arduous duty laid upon me was to give the toast
+of the evening, that of "The Clan." I can assure you it required all the
+courage I could muster to undertake the task. The motto of the Clan was
+held up to me, but I did not forget that <i>Je suis prest</i> ought to be the
+corollary of <i>Paratus sum</i>, and I fear that but few could step into the
+breach and do full justice to the great Clan Fraser. In assigning the
+toast, moreover, the request was made that I should give as much
+information regarding the Clan, as could well be packed into a speech,
+even if the limit of time should have to be extended over that which is
+usually allowable for an after dinner effort; but, as I understand the
+information is intended for a wider circle of clansmen than is here, I
+feel<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> assured of your patience and forbearance while I struggle through
+a narrative, the length of which under other circumstances would have
+been an unpardonable breach of good taste.</p>
+
+<p>The clan system holds an intermediate position between the patriarchal
+and feudal systems. It is sometimes confused with the former, more
+rarely with the latter. The feudal lordship, in its genius and scope of
+operation, was diametrically opposed to the salient characteristics of
+the clan system. The distinctions need not be enlarged upon here, let it
+suffice to draw attention to the fact that clanship was a distinct form
+of government, under well recognized and applied principles. In modern
+literature we find the characteristic most emphasized to be the loyalty
+with which the clansman followed and served his chief, as in the words
+of the quotation on our toast list, "Master, go on and I will follow
+thee, to the last gasp, with truth and loyalty." That truth and loyalty,
+however, was not born of a servile, but of a highly patriotic feeling,
+for the bond which united chief and clansman was that of kindred and
+common interest, and not of hire and servitude. This explains why a
+people so highly sensitive, fiery and impetuous as the Celts, gave such
+loyal and perfect allegiance to the chief of the clan.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 409px;">
+<img src="images/033_illo.jpg" width="409" height="869" alt="" title="Alexander Fraser" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Alexander Fraser</span> (<i>Mac-Fhionnlaidh</i>)<br />
+<span class="smcap">Chairman</span>.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p>Since the fact that we were to hold a clan gathering got abroad, I have
+been asked for information regarding the origin of the clans in the
+Highlands. How these clans were first established authentic history does
+not record with clearness. We are left in the task of unravelling the
+origin of the clans to meagre allusions in classical writings, in
+genealogies which, to some extent at least, are mythical, and to
+tradition, ever changing with the progress of the centuries. There can
+be no question that many of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>clans grew gradually from the native
+population after the consolidation of the Scottish Kingdom. We know that
+tribes, some bearing names of modern clans, existed in what may be
+described as prehistoric times, in the ordinary acceptation of that
+term, in that part of Scotland north of the Forth and Clyde. Amongst
+these were the Bissets, the Fentons of the Aird, and others, whose names
+still survive in the County of Inverness, and who must have to some
+extent merged into the Fraser Clan, by adopting the name of the lord of
+the manor. I do not like to quote John Hill Burton as an authority,
+prejudiced, as he manifestly is, and unfair, as a rule, when dealing
+with the Highlands and the Celts, but a passage from his unreliable Life
+of Simon, Lord Lovat, will show how a surname may impose itself on a
+community and how clans have been, to some extent, constituted. He says:
+"In some instances the foreign family adopted a purely Celtic patronymic
+from the name of the sept of which they were the leaders. In other
+cases, such as the Gordons and Frasers, the sept, probably absorbing
+various small tribes and admitting to its bosom many stray members
+owning strange varieties of Gaelic names, took the name of the leader;
+hence we find the purest Gaelic spoken by people enjoying the Norman
+names of a Gordon or a Cumin. But, whether the imported lord of the soil
+adopted the name of the tribe or the tribe that of their lord, the
+unyielding influence of old national customs and peculiarities
+prevailed, and their families gradually adapted themselves in speech and
+method of life to the people over whom they held sway." This principle
+holds good in the case of the composite Fraser Clan, and a curious
+example is afforded by an extract from the Allangrange MS., with respect
+to the Rev. Wm. Fraser, of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> Kilmorack, published in that repository of
+Highland lore, the Celtic Magazine:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Bishop Hay, maternal uncle to Agnes Lovat, carried away by Kenneth
+Mackenzie (a Bhlair), Seventh Baron of Kintail, when he sent away his
+first wife Margaret, daughter of John, Earl of Ross, advised Kenneth and
+the lady's friends that a commission should be sent to the Pope in 1491
+to procure the legitimation of their union. This was agreed to, and the
+following is the account of the commissioners:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"'To that effect one called Donald Dhu McChreggie, priest of Kirkhill,
+was employed. This priest was a native in Kintail, descended of a clan
+there called Clan Chreggie, who, being a hopeful boy in his younger
+days, was educated in Mackenzie's house, and afterwards at Beullie by
+the forementioned Dugall Mackenzie (natural son of Alexander 'Ionraic'
+VI. of Kintail pryor yrof). In the end he was made priest of Kirkhill.
+His successors to this day are called Frasers. Of this priest are
+descended Mr. William and Mr. Donald Fraser.'</p>
+
+<p>"The author of the Ardintoul MSS. gives a slightly different version,
+and says: 'To which end they sent Mr. Andrew Fraser, priest of Kintail,
+a learned and eloquent man, who took in his company Dugald Mackenzie,
+natural son of Alexander Inrig, who was a scholar. The Pope entertained
+them kindly, and very readily granted them what they desired, and were
+both made knights to the boot by Pope Clement VIII., but when my knights
+came home they neglected the decree of Pope Innocent III. against the
+marriage and consentricate of the clergy, or, otherwise, they got a
+dispensation from the then Pope Clement VIII., for both of them married.
+Sir Dugal was made priest of Kintail and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> married Nien (daughter) Dunchy
+Chaim in Glenmoriston. Sir Andrew likewise married, whose son was Donall
+Dubh MacIntagard (Black Donald, son of the Priest) and was priest of
+Kirkhill and chapter of Ross. His tacks of the Vicarage of Kilmorack to
+John Chisholm, of Comar, stands to this day. His son was Mr. William
+MacAhoulding, <i>alias</i> Fraser, who died minister of Kiltarlady. His son
+was Mr. Donald Fraser, who died minister of Kilmorack; so that he is the
+fifth minister or ecclesiastical person in a lineal and uninterrupted
+succession, which falls out but seldom, and than which, in my judgment,
+nothing can more entitle a man to be really a gentleman; for that blood
+which runs in the veins of four or five generations of men of piety and
+learning and breeding cannot but have influence, and it confirms my
+opinion that the present Mr. Wm. Fraser (who is the fifth) has the
+virtues and commendable properties of his predecessors all united in
+him.'"</p>
+
+<p>We see here the ease with which a MacCreggie could become a Fraser, and,
+bearing in mind the principle noticed by Hill Burton, there is no
+difficulty in accounting for the origin and growth of our Clan in the
+Highlands. Whether we can tell the day of the month and the year on
+which Andrew or Simon Fraser first gazed on the winding Beauly or
+not&mdash;and the date can be approximately fixed&mdash;we, at all events, have no
+deep, unfathomable problem to solve as to the formation of the Fraser
+Clan. We know that the founder of the name in Inverness-shire arrived
+there as the head of a powerful Lowland house, that he settled among the
+native Caledonians of the country, assumed possession of the lands then
+forming his estate; that the people, who were as Celtic as those in any
+portion of the Highlands, bearing such names<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> as Gille-Criosd,
+Mac-Killweralicke, Gill' Aindrea, etc., rallied around him, accepted his
+authority, became his followers, and gradually adopted the name. As has
+been remarked, some of those who were thus absorbed were the Bissets and
+the Fentons of the Aird; there were also the Haliburtons, the Corbets,
+and the Graemes of Lovat, whose estates fell into the possession of the
+Fraser family. From this beginning it is an easy matter to follow the
+fortunes of the Clan down the centuries from 1296, or thereabout, until
+the present day. But it is not as easy, nor is it as important, although
+interesting, to deal with the origin of the name and the ancient seat of
+those who bore it long, long ago. Yet the theories respecting the origin
+of the name must be taken notice of as traditions of interest, at least
+to the Clan.</p>
+
+<p>We meet the name of "Fraser" in various spellings in Ragman Roll, which
+dates A.D. 1292-97. Seventeen gentlemen of the family are on the roll,
+and the spellings given are: Fraser, Fresar, Frisel, Frisele, Freshele,
+de Fraser, and de Frisle. Whence derived? A Norman-French and a Celtic
+origin have been ascribed to it.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Norman-French Origin.</span>&mdash;Skene settles this theory in a summary
+fashion. He accepts it as indubitable, and had he refrained from giving
+the grounds upon which he bases his opinion, his deservedly high
+reputation as a Celtic historian might have satisfied the general reader
+as to the truth of his <i>ipse dixit</i>. But the two reasons he advances are
+absurd. From his own words you will learn how he disposes of the origin
+of the Clan: "Of the Norman origin of the family of the Frasers it is
+impossible for a moment to entertain a doubt. They appear during the
+first few generations uniformly in that quarter of Scotland which is
+south of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> Firths of Forth and Clyde, and they possessed at a very
+early period extensive estates in the counties of East Lothian and of
+Tweeddale; besides the name of Frisale, which is its ancient form,
+appears in the roll of Battle Abbey, thus placing the Norman character
+of their origin beyond a doubt." Mr. Skene's first reason is that, "they
+appear during the first few generations uniformly in that quarter of
+Scotland which is south of the Forth and Clyde." Had this part of
+Scotland been at that time inhabited by Normans, Mr. Skene's position
+would not seem so surprising as it does; but, as a matter of fact, at
+the time when the Frasers, according to Skene himself, flourished in the
+south of Scotland, the population there was Celtic, and his plain
+reasoning is: "The Frasers first appear in Scottish records as part of a
+Celtic population; therefore they must be of Norman origin!" Mr. Skene's
+second reason, while not so manifestly absurd, is equally weak. It is:
+"The name of Frisale, which is the ancient form of "Fraser," appears in
+the roll of Battle Abbey, thus placing the Norman character of their
+origin beyond a doubt." And it is on such grounds as these that Mr.
+Skene proceeds. Why, the ingenious Senachies, skilled in genealogy, if
+not in the unravelling of charter deeds, could give an infinitely more
+plausible statement of a continental descent. In the first place, it is
+now impossible to authenticate the genuineness of the Roll of Battle
+Abbey; and in the second place, if the roll were beyond question, there
+is nothing to show that the Frisale whose name appears on it was the
+progenitor of the Scottish Frasers. Mr. Skene does not pretend to prove
+that he passed from England to Scotland and founded the family there.
+But although he does not give us details, Mr. Skene's theory can be
+nothing else than that Frisale, the follower of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> William the Conqueror,
+was the same who received the lands held by the family in 1109 in the
+south of Scotland from the Scottish monarch. Let us see how this theory
+will bear examination. One sentence disposes of it completely and
+forever. There were Frasers in possession of estates in the south of
+Scotland before the Battle of Hastings, and from them Gilbert Fraser,
+who figures in the Cospatrick Charter of 1109, was descended. Long
+before 1109 the family had possessions in the Lothians and Tweeddale and
+farther to the north. It requires no more than this statement of fact to
+dispose of the Roll of Battle Abbey and the Frisale whose name furnished
+the late Historiographer Royal of Scotland with an easy outlet from an
+apparently difficult position. But supposing we allow for a moment the
+prior occupation of the Frasers to disappear from view, and with Skene
+begin at 1109 with Gilbert Fraser. Even then the case for Frisale would
+be hopelessly weak. The Battle of Hastings was fought in 1066. From 1058
+to 1093 Malcolm Ceanmor sat on the Scottish throne; he it would be,
+according to Skene, who gave Frisale the grant of the extensive estates
+of the Tweeddale Frasers. But he was the bitter foe of William the
+Conqueror, who supplanted Edgar Atheling, whose sister Margaret was
+Malcolm's Queen, and whose nephew, also named Edgar, reigned in Scotland
+until 1107. Is it credible that Malcolm or Donald Bane, or Duncan, or
+Edgar, would strip their own nobles, in times of very uncertain warfare,
+of their lands, in order to bestow them upon aliens, and these aliens
+the feudal vassals of their turbulent, warlike enemy? No careful reader
+of that period of Scottish history can believe that to have been
+possible. If it be said that Alexander I. and David I. favored Norman
+courtezans with grants of land on feudal titles, the answer is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> that
+Alexander mounted the throne not earlier than 1107, when the Frasers had
+already achieved historic prominence. While these remarks may suffice to
+indicate how valueless are the reasons put forward by Mr. Skene, they do
+not touch other theories pointing to a French origin prior to the reign
+of Malcolm Ceanmor. But these other theories having been rejected by Mr.
+Skene and his school, we may conclude that they rest their case on the
+statements just alluded to and disposed of.</p>
+
+<p>Annalists and Clan historians have, however, gone into particulars of
+the Norman-French theory. According to some the name was derived from
+the <i>fraise</i> or 'strawberry' leaves in their arms, and it was related
+that they sprang from the Frezels of France. Others give different
+origins; but, before laying before you the serious objections to the
+Norman-French theory, it is right that I should repeat what has been in
+many quarters regarded as strong circumstantial evidence in its favor. I
+refer to the bond entered into, as late as the first part of the
+eighteenth century, between Simon Lord Lovat (who was beheaded) and the
+Marquis de la Frezelière. Lord Lovat was a fugitive in France at the
+time, and he was befriended by the Marquis. He wrote his life in French,
+afterwards translated into English and published in 1796. In it he makes
+the following statement:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"The house of Frezel, or Frezeau de la Frezelière, is one of the most
+ancient houses in France. It ascends by uninterrupted filiation, and
+without any unequal alliance, to the year 1030. It is able to establish
+by a regular proof sixty-four quarterings in its armorial bearings, and
+all noble. It has titles of seven hundred years standing in the abbey of
+Notre Dame de Noyers in Touraine. And it is certain,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span>
+that, beside these circumstances of inherent dignity, the house de la
+Frezelière is one of the best allied in the kingdom. It numbers among
+its ancestors on the female side daughters of the families de
+Montmorenci, de Rieux, de Rohan, de Bretagne, de la Savonniere, de la
+Tremouille, de la Grandiere, and de St. Germains. Through the houses de
+Montmorenci, de Rieux, de Rohan, and de la Tremouille, to which the
+Marquis de la Frezelière is nearly allied, he can trace his filiation
+through all the French monarchs, up to Charlemagne, King of France and
+Emperor of the West. Down again through the various branches of the
+illustrious house of France, M. de la Frezelière may, without
+impropriety, assert his alliance to all the royal houses and almost all
+the principal nobility of Europe.</p>
+
+<p>"It is demonstrated by various historians, by the tradition of the two
+families, and from letters written from time to time from one to the
+other, that the house of Frezel or Frezeau de la Frezelière in France,
+and the house of Frezel or Fraser in Scotland, were of the same origin,
+and derived from the same blood. The Marquis de la Frezelière, the head
+and representative of the Frezels or Frezeaus in France, and Lord Lovat,
+the representative of the Frezels or Frasers in the north and the
+Highlands of Scotland, having happily encountered each other at Paris in
+the second journey that Lord Lovat made to France for the service of his
+king (1702), were therefore both of them highly gratified with the
+opportunity that offered itself of renewing their alliance and declaring
+their affinity in a common and authentic act of recognition drawn up for
+that purpose.</p>
+
+<p>"This record was executed on the one part by the Marquis de la
+Frezelière himself, by the Duke de Luxembourg, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> Duke de Chatillon
+and the Prince de Tingrie, the three worthy and illustrious children of
+the late Marshal de Luxembourg Montmorenci, whose heroic exploits are
+not less glorious and celebrated than his descent is ancient and august.
+Several other lords of the house of Montmorenci, the Marquis de Rieux,
+and many noblemen related by blood and marriage to M. de la Frezelière,
+joined with the Marquis in affixing their signatures to this act of
+recognition. On the other part it was executed by Simon Lord Lovat, Mr.
+John Fraser, his brother, and Mr. George Henry Fraser, Major of the
+Irish regiment of Bourke in the French service, for themselves, in the
+name of their whole family in Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>"By this deed the kindred of the two houses of the Frezels or Frasers is
+placed out of all possible doubt. Accordingly from the moment in which
+it was executed the Marquis de la Frezelière regarded Lord Lovat rather
+as his brother and his child than as his remote relation; and had his
+re-establishment in Scotland nearer his heart than his own elevation in
+France."</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 775px;">
+<img src="images/040a_illo.jpg" width="775" height="869" alt="" title="Clan Officers" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Scottish Origin of the Name.</span>&mdash;Logan, author of the "Scottish Gael,"
+agrees with those who claim a Scottish origin for the name. He derives
+it from <i>Frith</i>, 'a forest,' and <i>siol</i>&mdash;'seed,' 'offspring.' His theory
+has at least the merit of great probability, and is certainly to be
+preferred to the Norman-French, unless the latter can be supported by
+better evidence than has yet been brought forward. In a most interesting
+volume on surnames by Mr. B. Homer Dixon, K.N.L., published in 1857,
+there are very suggestive notes on the surname "Fraser." He agrees with
+Logan, and he combats the Norman origin. His interest in the Clan
+Fraser<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> is one of descent from a notable cadet family, and in connection
+with the origin of the name he has kindly furnished me with the
+following valuable statement:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"I differ from Skene and the older writers who derive the Frasers either
+from Pierre Fraser, who came to Scotland about the year 800, and whose
+son Charles was made Thane of Man in 814, or from Julius de Berry, of
+Averme in the Bourbonnais, who, in the year 916, gave Charles the Simple
+so delicious a dish of strawberries that the king changed his name to
+'de Fraize' and gave him 'fraizes' for arms.</p>
+
+<p>"According to the best authorities hereditary surnames were not used
+until about the year 1000, and Arms were certainly not borne until after
+the Norman Conquest, being only introduced about four score years later
+at the time of the second Crusade, viz., A.D. 1146, and therefore more
+than two centuries after the date of those ascribed to Julius de Fraize.</p>
+
+<p>"That the last Lord Lovat believed in his Norman descent I do not doubt.
+Early in the last century (A.D. 1702) he signed a bond of recognition
+with the Marquis Frezeau or Frezel de la Frezelière, declaring that
+their name and origin were the same and acknowledging themselves as
+relations. The Frezeaus, however, were Anjevins from near Saumur, while
+the first Scotch Fraser was said to be a Bourbonnais; still both parties
+were probably easily satisfied with their bond, which only went to prove
+apparently more clearly the antiquity of the families, however
+unnecessary, for the Frezeaus or Frezels were one of the most ancient
+houses in France, and the Frasers are undoubtedly one of the noblest
+families in Scotland. Burton, in his Life of Lord Lovat, London, 147, p.
+104, throws discredit upon Lord Lovat's statement (Memoirs of Lord
+Lovat, London) of the antiquity<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> of the family of Frezeau de la
+Frezelière, because, forsooth, there is no account of the family in 'le
+Père Anselme,' but Moreri (Grand Dicte. Histe. Basle, 1740) says 'the
+family was one of the most ancient in the kingdom' (almost the very
+words of Lord Lovat), 'and one of the most illustrious of the Province
+(Anjou), where they have possessed from time immemorial the seigniory of
+the Frezelière.' Moreri adds that there were Chevaliers Frezel in 1030,
+and, commencing his pedigree with the Chevalier Geoffrey, living in
+1270, carries it down uninterruptedly to the Marquis de la Frezelière,
+et de Monsieur Baron de Lasse, Lieutenant-General in the army and first
+Lieutenant-General in the Artillery, who died in 1711.</p>
+
+<p>"Both the Marquis and Lord Lovat were mistaken, however, for the Anjevin
+name does <i>not</i> signify 'strawberry,' neither does that family bear
+'fraises' in their arms, but Frezeau or Frezel de la Frezelière
+signifies 'Ash of the Ash Plantation or Wood,' from the Romance word
+<i>Fraysse</i>, 'an ash tree;' and in Auvergne there is a family styled 'du
+Fraisse,' who bear an ash tree in their arms. Similar names to Frezel de
+la Frezelière are le Bastard de la Bastardière, Freslon de la
+Freslonnière, Raband de la Rabandière.</p>
+
+<p>"It is true that the name Frisell occurs in the Roll of Battle Abbey;
+but even allowing that to be authentic, what proof is there that the
+Frisell who accompanied the Conqueror in 1066, was the ancestor of
+Gilbert de Fraser, who possessed large estates in Tweeddale and Lothian
+in the time of Alexander I. (1107-1174)?</p>
+
+<p>"This Gilbert, the first of the family mentioned, is called 'de,' but
+the name was more frequently written without that prefix.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I believe that the Frasers are Scotch <i>ab origine</i> and repeat that I
+consider the name to be Gaelic and older than the arms, which were
+canting arms, such as we have a royal example of as early as the time of
+Louis VII. (of 1180), who covered the shield of France with blue, the
+tincture of his royal robes, and then charged the same with lilies,
+derived originally from Isis, formerly worshipped in France.</p>
+
+<p>"The <i>fraises</i> are quartered with three antique crowns, and here again
+authors differ, most writers saying they are for Bisset. Even Nisbet
+makes this error, although on another page he gives the arms of Bisset
+of Beaufort as 'Azure a bend argent!' Others say they were granted to
+Sir Simon Fraser, the 'Flower of Chivalrie,' the friend of Wallace and
+Bruce, for having three times re-horsed his king at the Battle of
+Methven, in 1306. This <i>may</i> be their origin, but if so they were
+probably granted to or adopted by his grand nephew and heir, Sir Andrew
+Fraser, for Sir Simon Fraser was taken prisoner at this very battle,
+conveyed to London and beheaded. It is worthy of note, however, that the
+Grants, near neighbors and often allied to the Frasers, bear three
+antique crowns, though of a different tincture. Hugh, fifth Lord Lovat,
+married a daughter of the Laird of Grant, by whom, however, he had no
+issue. He died 1544."</p>
+
+<p>In another note Mr. Dixon says: "The court language of Scotland, at the
+time this family took their arms, which are totally different from those
+of the French house of Frezeau or Frezel, was a medley of Teutonic and
+French."</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">In the Lowlands of Scotland.</span>&mdash;But whether the derivation be from the
+Romance <i>fraysse</i>, 'an ash tree,' or the Gaelic <i>frith</i>, 'a forest,' we
+find the chief of the name<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> firmly established as a powerful Scottish
+noble, manifesting the patriotism and national sentiment to be looked
+for in a native born baron, as early as 1109.</p>
+
+<p>His name was <span class="smcap">Gilbert de Fraser</span>, who, in the year named, witnessed a
+charter known as the Cospatrick Charter. It is generally conceded that
+he is the first with whom documentary history begins. That there were
+Frasers in Tweeddale and Lothian before him is certain, and the names of
+some of them have survived, but with this Gilbert begins the unbroken
+record of lineage which comes down to our own day. The lands possessed
+by the Frasers in the south of Scotland were extensive, and the family
+power was great, as will be indicated in the course of the brief
+reference to it which will be here made. Gilbert had three sons, Oliver,
+Udard and another whose name is not now known.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Oliver</span> succeeded his father and built Oliver Castle, by which his name
+survives. There are many interesting descriptions of this old
+stronghold; that in the Ordnance Survey Report I quote on account of its
+brevity: "An ancient baronial fortalice in Tweedsmuir parish, S. W.
+Peeblesshire, on the left side of the river Tweed .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Crowning a rising
+ground which now is tufted with a clump of trees, it was the original
+seat of the Frasers, ancestors of the noble families of Lovat and
+Saltoun, and passed from them to the Tweedies, who figure in the
+introduction to Sir Walter Scott's <i>Betrothed</i>, and whose maternal
+descendant, Thomas Tweedie-Stodart (b. 1838; suc. 1869), of Oliver
+House, a plain modern mansion hard by, holds 1144 acres in the shire.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.
+Oliver Castle was the remotest of a chain of strong ancient towers,
+situated each within view of the next all down the Tweed to Berwick, and
+serving both for defence and for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> beacon fires in the times of the
+border forays. It was eventually relinquished and razed to the ground."
+Oliver died without issue, and, his brother Udard, evidently having
+predeceased him, the succession went to Udard's son,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Adam</span>, who was succeeded by his son,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lawrence</span>, on record in 1261, and who was in turn succeeded by his son,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lawrence.</span> The second Lawrence had no male issue, but had two daughters,
+one of whom married a Tweedie, carrying with her Fraser lands, and the
+other of whom married a Macdougall. The succession in the male line now
+reverted to Gilbert's third son, whose name is lost, but who had two
+sons,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Simon</span> and Bernard. Both these succeeded to the chiefship, Simon's issue
+being female. It was after this Simon that Keith-Simon was named.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bernard</span> raised the fortunes of the family considerably, and his name
+frequently occurs in connection with questions of first class
+importance. He was the first of the name to have been appointed Sheriff
+of Stirling. He was succeeded by his son,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gilbert</span>, styled "Vicecomes de Traquair," or Sheriff of Traquair, father
+of three historic personages, Sir Simon, Sir Andrew, and William, the
+Bishop of St. Andrew's and Chancellor of Scotland, an extended reference
+to whom I with difficulty refrain from making. As a prelate and a
+statesman he rendered high service to his country. His brother,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir Simon, the Elder</span>, succeeded his father, Gilbert. He is designated
+the Elder to distinguish him from his famous son, Sir Simon the Patriot.
+He took a leading part in the affairs of the nation. He, his two
+brothers and a nephew,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> Richard Fraser, Lord of Dumfries, were four of
+the arbiters in the Baliol claim to the Scottish Crown. He died in 1291,
+and was succeeded by</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir Simon</span> the Patriot, the greatest and most renowned of all the Fraser
+chiefs. All I can say of him is that he was the compatriot, the
+coadjutor and compeer of Sir William Wallace, and one of the noblest
+knights whose deeds are recorded on the page of history. He has
+furnished ancient and modern historians with a subject for patriotic
+eulogy and enthusiastic praise. As a soldier and statesman he was
+<i>facile princeps</i>. He was the hero of Roslin; he was the only Scottish
+noble who held out to the last with Sir William Wallace, and was one of
+the first to welcome and aid the Bruce, whom he re-horsed three times at
+the Battle of Methven, where he was taken prisoner; and he was the only
+Scottish knight at that time whose patriotism entitled him to the brutal
+indignities of Edward's court, and a death, in 1306, similar to that of
+Sir William Wallace. The Patriot's family consisted of two daughters;
+the elder married Sir Hugh Hay, ancestor of the noble house of
+Tweeddale, and the younger, Sir Patrick Fleming, ancestor of the Earls
+of Wigton. Male issue having again failed, the succession went back to</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir Andrew Fraser</span>, Sheriff of Stirling, already mentioned as second son
+of Sir Gilbert Fraser, Sheriff of Traquair. Sir Andrew was the Patriot's
+uncle. He is styled "of Caithness," on account of having married a
+Caithness heiress, and at that point begins the interest of the family
+in the North of Scotland. He was both a brave knight and a powerful
+lord, and, like his brothers, bore his part valorously and well in the
+senate and on the field. He lived to occupy the position of chief but
+two years. He was the first chief of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> the family who won large
+possessions in the north, while the headquarters were still in the
+southern countries. The well-known Neidpath castle was one of the family
+strongholds. It was a massive pile, of great strength, the walls being
+eleven feet thick. It is situated in Peeblesshire and is still to be
+seen. The strawberries appear in the crest of the Hays on the keystone
+of the courtyard archway, a connecting link with the Frasers, from whom
+it passed to the Hays of Yester, in 1312, with the daughter of the
+Patriot. Before following the family to the Lovat estates, in
+Inverness-shire, it may not be amiss to recapitulate the succession in
+the south. It was as follows:</p>
+
+<p>I. <span class="smcap">Gilbert De Fraser</span>, II. <span class="smcap">Oliver Fraser</span>, III. <span class="smcap">Adam Fraser</span>, IV. <span class="smcap">Laurence
+Fraser</span>, V. <span class="smcap">Laurence Fraser</span>, VI. <span class="smcap">Simon Fraser</span>, VII. <span class="smcap">Bernard Fraser</span>, VIII.
+<span class="smcap">Sir Gilbert Fraser</span>, IX. <span class="smcap">Sir Simon Fraser</span>, X. <span class="smcap">Sir Simon Fraser</span>, XI. <span class="smcap">Sir
+Andrew Fraser</span>.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Clan in the Highlands.</span>&mdash;The family extended northward by the
+marriage of Sir Andrew to a Caithness heiress, through which he acquired
+large estates in that country. His was a notable family of sons. The
+eldest, named Simon, gave the family its patronymic of "Mac-Shimi"
+(pronounced Mac-Kimmie). He (Simon) married the daughter of the Earl of
+Orkney and Caithness, and it is believed by the family historians that
+this marriage brought the first Lovat property to the family. It would
+appear that the Countess of Orkney and Caithness, namely, Simon Fraser's
+mother-in-law, was the daughter of Graham of Lovat, and that her right
+in the Lovat property descended to her daughter, Simon's wife, in whose
+right he took possession. Thus, we see how the names Fraser and Lovat,
+now for so<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> long a time almost synonymous, were first brought together,
+and how the Frasers obtained a footing on territory which has become
+indissolubly linked with their name.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Andrew Fraser's other sons were Sir Alexander, Andrew and James; the
+first named, a powerful baron and statesman, who attained to the office
+of Chamberlain of Scotland, held previously, as we have seen, by his
+uncle, Bishop Fraser. In consideration of distinguished services, he was
+given in marriage Mary, sister of King Robert Bruce, and widow of Sir
+Nigel Campbell, of Lochow. He possessed lands in Kincardine, of which
+county he was sheriff. He was killed at the battle of Dupplin. Andrew
+and James, his brothers, with their brother, Simon of Lovat, were slain
+at the battle of Halidon Hill, July 22nd, 1333, and all four were in the
+front rank of the soldiers of their time.</p>
+
+<p>The chiefs of the Clan Fraser date from:</p>
+
+<p>I. <span class="smcap">Simon</span>, Sir Andrew's eldest son. He had three sons&mdash;Simon and Hugh,
+who both succeeded him in honors and estates, and James, who was
+knighted on the occasion of the coronation of Robert III.</p>
+
+<p>II. <span class="smcap">Simon</span> succeeded his father, when still very young, and gave proof,
+in the field, that the military genius of the family was inherited by
+him. He died unmarried, after a brief but brilliant career, and his
+estates and the chiefship went to his brother,</p>
+
+<p>III. <span class="smcap">Hugh</span>, styled "Dominus de Lovat." And, now, I shall keep briefly to
+the line of chiefs, and shall not burden you with many personal
+incidents that have come down to us, with respect to any of them, until
+we come to Lord Simon, who suffered death on Tower Hill. Hugh was
+succeeded by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> his two sons, first by <span class="smcap">Alexander</span>, the eldest, then by
+Hugh, the second son. From his third son, John, sprang the Frasers of
+Knock, in Ayrshire; and from Duncan, his fourth son, the Frasers of
+Morayshire.</p>
+
+<p>IV. <span class="smcap">Alexander</span> is described as a "pattern of primitive piety and sanctity
+to all around him." He died unmarried. An illegitimate son, named
+Robert, was the progenitor of "Sliochd Rob, Mhic a Mhanaich."</p>
+
+<p>V. <span class="smcap">Hugh</span>, his brother, who succeeded, acquired lands from the Fentons and
+Bissets, by marriage with the heiress of Fenton of Beaufort. The names
+of these lands, it will be interesting to note, forming as they do an
+important part of the estates long held by the Frasers. They are:
+Guisachan, now the property of Lord Tweedmouth; Comar, Kirkton, Mauld,
+Wester Eskadale and Uchterach. This Hugh, the fifth chief, was the first
+to assume the title of Lord Lovat. He had three sons, Thomas, Alexander,
+who died unmarried, and Hugh. The first Lord Lovat was succeeded by his
+son,</p>
+
+<p>VI. <span class="smcap">Thomas</span>, whose assumption of the title is not mentioned by the family
+historians, but of whose accession there is good documentary proof. The
+silence of the historians, however, has led to an error in the
+designation of his successors. For instance, his brother,</p>
+
+<p>VII. <span class="smcap">Hugh</span>, who succeeded him, is called Hugh, second Lord Lovat, instead
+of Hugh, third Lord Lovat. This Lord Lovat had two sons, Thomas and
+Hugh, the former of whom was Prior of Beauly, and died young and
+unmarried. He was succeeded by his son,</p>
+
+<p>VIII. <span class="smcap">Hugh</span>, fourth Lord Lovat, who had a decisive brush with the
+Macdonalds, under the Lord of the Isles, when<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> the latter besieged the
+Castle of Inverness in 1429. He was a peer of Parliament, and is
+supposed to have been the first Lord Lovat to have attained to that
+dignity, with the title, Lord Fraser of the Lovat. He had four sons, who
+deserve mention: Thomas, who succeeded; Hugh, a brave soldier and
+accomplished courtier, who was slain at Flodden; Alexander, from whom
+sprang the old cadets of Farraline, Leadclune, etc.; and John, the
+historian of Henry VIII., the learned Franciscan and astute ambassador.
+There were also two illegitimate sons&mdash;Thomas and Hugh, the latter,
+progenitor of the Frasers of Foyers, and of many other Fraser families,
+known as "Sliochd Huistein Fhrangaich."</p>
+
+<p>IX. <span class="smcap">Thomas</span>, fifth Lord Lovat, added the lands of Phopachy, Englishton,
+Bunchrew and Culburnie, the last-named place from Henry Douglas, to the
+family estates, which were assuming very large proportions. He had a
+large family. The eldest son, named Hugh, succeeded to the estates. From
+the second son, William, sprang the Frasers of Belladrum, Culbokie,
+Little Struy, etc.; from James, the Frasers of Foyness; from Robert, the
+Frasers of Brakie, Fifeshire; from Andrew, "Sliochd Anndra Ruadh a
+Chnuic" (Kirkhill); from Thomas, "Sliochd Ian 'Ic Thomais"; John married
+a daughter of Grant of Grant, with issue; and from Hugh Ban of Reelick
+(an illegitimate son), came the Frasers of Reelick and Moniack.</p>
+
+<p>X. <span class="smcap">Hugh</span>, sixth Lord Lovat, was the chief of the Clan at the time of the
+disastrous fight with the Macdonalds at Kinlochlochy, of which I shall
+read a short description later on.<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> At this affray Lord Hugh and his
+eldest son, Simon, were slain. His second son, Alexander, succeeded, and
+his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> third son, William, was ancestor of the Frasers of Struy. His
+fourth son, Hugh, died young and unmarried.</p>
+
+<p>XI. <span class="smcap">Alexander</span>, seventh Lord Lovat, a man of literary tastes, lived in
+comparative retirement. His three sons were: Hugh, his successor;
+Thomas, first of Knockie and Strichen, from whom the present chief,
+whose family in 1815 succeeded to the Fraser estates, sprang, and James,
+ancestor of the Frasers of Ardachie, the Memoir and Correspondence of a
+scion of which, General James Stuart Fraser, of the Madras Army, was a
+few years ago, given to the world, as the distinguished record of a
+soldier, a scholar and a statesman.</p>
+
+<p>XII. <span class="smcap">Hugh</span>, the eighth Lord Lovat, succeeded at the age of fourteen. He
+was noted for his proficiency in archery, wrestling, and the athletics
+of the day; he greatly encouraged the practice of manly exercises on his
+estates. He was a staunch supporter of Regent Murray, and at the
+Reformation secured possession of the Priory of Beauly and the church
+lands pertaining to it, including the town lands of Beauly, and some of
+the best tacks on the low-lying part of the present estates, in the
+parishes of Kilmorack and Kiltarlity, the mere names indicating the
+value of the grant: Fanblair, Easter Glenconvinth, Culmill, Urchany,
+Farley, Craigscorry, Platchaig, Teafrish, Annat, Groam, Inchrorie,
+Rhindouin, Teachnuic, Ruilick, Ardnagrask, Greyfield, the Mains of
+Beauly, as well as valuable river fishings. Mr. Chisholm Batten's book
+on Beauly Priory contains many interesting facts regarding the
+acquisition of these fertile and extensive lands, for which his Lordship
+paid a certain sum of money. He married a daughter of the Earl of Athol,
+and had two sons, Simon and Thomas, and a natural son, named Alexander,
+who married Janet, daughter of Fraser of Moniack. Thomas died in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> his
+ninth year. Lord Hugh died at Towie, in Mar, on his way home from
+Edinburgh. It was suspected that he had been poisoned.</p>
+
+<p>XIII. <span class="smcap">Simon</span>, ninth Lord Lovat, succeeded at the tender age of five.
+Thomas of Knockie became tutor for the young chief, an office of power
+and responsibility. He was married three times. By his first wife,
+Catherine Mackenzie, he had issue, a son and daughter, Hugh, his
+successor, and Elizabeth. By his second wife, the daughter of James
+Stuart, Lord Doune, he had two sons and three daughters: Sir Simon of
+Inverallochy, Sir James of Brea, Anne, Margaret and Jean. His third wife
+was Catherine Rose of Kilravock.</p>
+
+<p>XIV. <span class="smcap">Hugh</span>, tenth Lord Lovat, had already a large family when he
+succeeded to the estates. Three years after his accession his wife died,
+leaving him with nine children, six sons and three daughters. Her death
+cast a gloom over his life, and, practically retiring from business, the
+management of the estates for a time fell on his son Simon, Master of
+Lovat, a young man of the brightest promise, whose untimely death was a
+second severe blow to his father. His dying address is a remarkable
+production. His next elder brother, Hugh, became Master of Lovat, and
+Sir James Fraser, of Brea, became tutor. The Master of Lovat married
+Lady Anne Leslie, and died a year afterwards, during his father's
+lifetime, leaving a son, Hugh, who succeeded to the titles and estates.
+Hugh the tenth Lord Lovat's issue were: Simon and Hugh, to whom
+reference has just been made; Alexander, who became tutor; Thomas of
+Beaufort, father of the celebrated Simon; William, who died young;
+James, who died without issue, and Mary, Anne and Catherine.</p>
+
+<p>XV. <span class="smcap">Hugh</span>, grandson of the tenth Lord Lovat, succeeded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> as eleventh Lord
+Lovat, when only three years old. At sixteen he was, to use the words of
+the chronicler, "decoyed into a match" with Anne, sister of Sir George
+Mackenzie of Tarbat, the famous lawyer, the lady being at the time of
+the marriage, about thirty years of age. There were born to them a son,
+named Hugh, who, from a black spot on his upper lip, was nick-named
+"Mac-Shimi, Ball Dubh," "Black-spotted Mackimmie;" and three daughters.</p>
+
+<p>XVI. Hugh, "The Black-spotted," succeeded as twelfth Lord Lovat. He
+married a daughter of Murray, Marquis of Athole, a connection in which
+the pretensions of the Murrays, thwarted by Simon of Beaufort, find
+their source. This chief left four daughters, but no son, and having had
+no brothers or uncles on the father's side, the succession went to
+Thomas of Beaufort, surviving son of Hugh, the tenth Lord Lovat, and
+grand-uncle of Hugh, "The Black-spotted."</p>
+
+<p>XVII. Thomas of Beaufort assumed the title as thirteenth Lord Lovat, and
+would probably have been left in undisputed possession but for the
+marriage contract made by the twelfth Lord, at the instance of the
+Athols, settling the estates on his eldest daughter, failing male heirs
+of his body. It is true that afterwards he revoked this settlement in
+favor of the nearest male heir, viz., Thomas of Beaufort, but the
+validity of the later document was contested, and it was only after a
+long and extraordinary struggle, in which plot, intrigue and violence
+played a part, as well as protracted litigation, that his son's title to
+the estates was confirmed.</p>
+
+<p>XVIII. <span class="smcap">Simon</span> of Beaufort succeeded his father, as fourteenth Lord Lovat,
+after, as has been stated, many years of fierce contest concerning his
+rights. He had an elder brother, named Alexander, who, according to
+report then current, died<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> young in Wales, and without issue. His
+younger brothers were named Hugh, John, Thomas, and James. The cause of
+Alexander's flight to Wales forms one of the best known legends of the
+family. There are various versions of it, but I shall give that most
+commonly related by old people in the district of the Aird: Alexander
+arrived, somewhat late, at a wedding at Teawig, near Beauly. His
+appearance was the signal for the piper to strike up the tune, "Tha
+Biodag air MacThomais," some of the lines of which run:</p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i22">Tha biodag air Mac Thomais,</span>
+<span class="i22">Tha biodag fhada, mhor, air;</span>
+<span class="i22">Tha biodag air Mac Thomais,</span>
+<span class="i22">Ach's math a dh' fhoghnadh sgian da.</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i22">Tha biodag anns a chliobadaich,</span>
+<span class="i22">Air mac a bhodaich leibidich;</span>
+<span class="i22">Tha biodag anns a chliobadaich,</span>
+<span class="i22">Air mac a bhodaich romaich.</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i22">Tha bhiodag deanadh gliogadaich,</span>
+<span class="i22">'Si ceann'lt ri bann na briogais aig';</span>
+<span class="i22">Tha bucallan 'n a bhrogan,</span>
+<span class="i22">Ged 's math a dh' fhoghnadh ial daibh.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>It was whispered to Alexander that the piper selected this tune to cause
+merriment at his expense, and the youth, to turn the jest against the
+piper, determined to rip open the bag of the pipes, with his dirk. But
+in doing so, his foot slipped, and he fell heavily towards the piper
+with the naked dirk in his outstretched arm. The piper was fatally
+wounded, and Alexander, who had been an extreme partizan of the
+Jacobites, believed that were he tried for the murder of the piper, the
+hostility of Sir George Mackenzie, of Tarbat, would inevitably secure a
+sentence of death against him. He fled to Wales, where he was befriended
+by Earl Powis, under whose protection, it is said, he lived on, married,
+and had issue, while his next younger brother, Simon, enjoyed the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> title
+and estates. Mr. John Fraser, of Mount Pleasant, Carnarvon, not long
+ago, laid claim to the chiefship, title and estates, on the ground that
+he is a lineal descendant of this Alexander, and although he lost his
+case in one trial, he is still gathering evidence, with the view of
+having it re-opened and further pushing his claim.</p>
+
+<p>For his share in the Jacobite rising of 1745, Simon, fourteenth Lord
+Lovat, was beheaded on Tower Hill, April 9th, 1747. Lord Simon's faults
+were not few, but he has been a much maligned man; his vices have been
+flaunted before the world, his virtues have been obscured. In extreme
+old age he gave up his life on the scaffold; and his fate, believed by
+some to be richly deserved, by others has been characterized as
+martyrdom. He left three sons, Simon, Alexander and Archibald Campbell
+Fraser.</p>
+
+<p>XIX. <span class="smcap">Simon</span> succeeded to the chiefship, but that honor was unaccompanied
+by the estates and title, which had been forfeited to the crown. For his
+services as commandant of Fraser's Highlanders in the service of the
+House of Hanover, he was specially thanked by Parliament, and the
+paternal estates restored to him. I have been informed by the Grand
+Master Mason of Ontario that this Colonel Simon (afterwards General
+Simon Fraser of Lovat) was the first Provincial Master Mason in Upper
+Canada, the order having been established there at the time of the
+stirring events in which Fraser's Highlanders participated while in
+Quebec. General Simon married, but without issue, and his brother
+Alexander having predeceased him without issue, he was succeeded in
+possession of the estates by his half-brother,</p>
+
+<p>XX. <span class="smcap">Colonel Archibald Campbell Fraser</span> of Lovat. The title was still held
+in abeyance. Colonel Archibald was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> a man of erratic habits, but a
+kind-hearted Highlander, and a man of no mean ability. An account of his
+honors and public services he embodied in an inscription on his
+tombstone, but while the production is typical of his well-known
+eccentricity, as a matter of fact, not a little of the praise which he
+takes to himself for services to his country and his county, was well
+deserved. He had five sons, all of whom predeceased him. His eldest son
+was named Simon Frederick. He became member of Parliament for
+Inverness-shire. He died in 1803, unmarried, but left one son, Archibald
+Thomas Frederick Fraser, well-known in our own day as "Abertarf," from
+having resided there. None of the other sons of Colonel Archibald left
+legitimate issue, and at his death, in 1815, the succession reverted to
+the Frasers of Strichen, descended, as already observed, from Thomas
+Fraser of Knockie and Strichen, second son of Alexander, the sixth Lord
+Lovat, represented, at the time of Colonel Archibald's death, by</p>
+
+<p>XXI. <span class="smcap">Thomas Alexander Fraser</span>, of Strichen, who succeeded to the estates,
+and was created Lord Lovat by Act of Parliament, in 1837; and, in 1857,
+succeeded in having the old title restored to him. The succession of the
+Strichen family created a strong hostile feeling among the Clansmen and
+the old tenants generally, many of them believing that other aspirants
+who appeared had stronger claims. The Frasers of Strichen, however, were
+able to satisfy the courts as to the validity of their claim, and they
+were confirmed in the possession of the estates. A curious incident of
+the time may be briefly related, to illustrate both the feeling then
+prevailing concerning the succession, and the religious beliefs which
+were held then in the Highlands. It was, and to some extent yet is,
+believed that the Divine<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> purpose, with respect to every-day events, may
+be disclosed in appropriate portions of Scripture which impress
+themselves intensely on the mind of the devout believer. Two
+tenant-farmers, whose names, if given, would at once be a guarantee of
+their good faith, and of their respectability, went from the vicinity of
+Belladrum to the neighborhood of Redcastle, to a man whose piety gave
+him an eminent place among The Men of Ross-shire. They went to confer
+with him about the Lovat estates, and to find out whether he had any
+"indication" of the "mind of the Lord" as to whether the Frasers of
+Strichen would be established in their tenure of the estates against all
+comers. They were hospitably welcomed, and, their errand having been
+made known, their host replied that he had had no such indication. They
+remained that night, the next day and the night following, but during
+all this time did not see their host. On the morning of the third day he
+joined them at the frugal breakfast, after which he led them to a window
+overlooking the Beauly Firth and said: "Since your arrival I have pled
+hard for light at the Throne. If God ever did reveal His Will to me by
+His Word, He did so last night. You see a fishing-smack before you on
+the firth; as sure as you do observe her there, with her sail spread,
+catching the wind, so sure will, in God's good time, the Strichens pass
+away from the possession of the Lovat estates, and the rightful heir,
+will come to his own. My warrant, given to me in my wrestling with God,
+is this prophetic passage: 'And thou, profane, wicked prince of Israel,
+whose day is come, when iniquity shall have an end, thus saith the Lord
+God: Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the
+same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high. I will
+overturn, overturn, overturn<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> it: and it shall be no more, until he come
+whose right it is; and I will give it him.' (Ezek. XXI., 25-27) God's
+purpose thus revealed will not be fulfilled in our day, nor likely in
+the day of our children, but our grandchildren will likely see it
+accomplished." The old man's words made a deep impression; but only a
+few friends were informed of them, not only because they were held as a
+sacred message, but also because of the "power of the estate office."
+Whatever may be thought of beliefs thus formed, no one who knew the
+devout, simple-hearted Highlander of the generation just gone, will fail
+to appreciate the humility and sincerity with which such beliefs were
+entertained.</p>
+
+<p>But to return to the fortunes of the House of Lovat. Thomas Alexander,
+fifteenth Lord Lovat, married a daughter of Sir George Jerningham,
+afterwards Baron Stafford, and had male issue, Simon, Allister Edward,
+George Edward Stafford (b. 1834, d. 1854), and Henry Thomas. His second
+son, Allister Edward, rose to the rank of Colonel in the army; was
+married, with issue, one son. Hon. Henry Thomas attained to the rank of
+Colonel of the 1st battalion Scots Guards. Lord Lovat died in 1885, and
+was succeeded by his eldest son,</p>
+
+<p>XXII. <span class="smcap">Simon</span>, sixteenth Lord Lovat, who, born in 1828, and married to the
+daughter of Thomas Weld Blundell, was already a man of mature years at
+the time of his accession. He was known in song as "Fear Donn an
+Fheilidh." He was noted for his generous qualities and his kindness to
+the poor. He was a keen sportsman, expert with rod, gun and rifle, a
+marksman of repute. He did much to encourage the militia movement, and
+commanded the Inverness-shire regiment for many years. The circumstances
+of his sad and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> sudden death, from an affection of the heart, while
+grouse-shooting on the Moy Hall moors, in 1887, are fresh in our minds.
+An extract from a newspaper article, written on the occasion of his
+death, may be taken as a fair estimate of his character: "By this sudden
+and painful blow a nobleman has been taken away who filled a conspicuous
+place in this vicinity, and who was held in the highest respect. Having
+succeeded to his father in 1875, he has enjoyed the title and estates
+for only twelve years (1887). But as Master of Lovat he was known for
+many years before that time as a worthy and popular representative of a
+great and ancient Highland house. No county gathering seemed to be
+complete without his presence.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Homely in his manner, he was never
+difficult to approach, and his kindness of spirit showed itself in many
+ways. Conscientious and sober in judgment, he steadily endeavored to do
+his duty; and his lamented death caused a blank which cannot easily be
+filled." He left a family of nine, and was succeeded by his eldest son,</p>
+
+<p>XXIII. <span class="smcap">Simon Joseph</span>, seventeenth Lord Lovat, to whose health, as our
+chief, we have drained our glasses this evening. That he may have a long
+and happy life is our fervent prayer; and may God grant him wisdom and
+grace that he may be a useful and a prosperous chief; that he may add
+new lustre to the distinguished name he bears, and prove worthy of the
+ancestry of which he is the proud representative.</p>
+
+<p>We have now traced the long line of chiefs from the beginning down to
+the present day, and I must thank you for the wonderful patience with
+which you have listened to the dry bones of genealogy; in what
+remains<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> I hope I shall prove less tedious than in that which I have
+concluded.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The speaker then referred briefly to the Aberdeenshire Frasers, and to
+some of the principal Cadet families of the Clan. He gave an explanation
+of the coat of arms, related a number of interesting Clan incidents,
+including forays, Clan feuds, and anecdotes of a local character. At
+some length he described the Home of the Clan, pointing out its extent
+on a map of Inverness-shire, colored to show the gradual increase and
+decrease of territory, which kept pace with the varying fortunes of the
+Clan; expatiating on the great variety and beauty of its scenery,
+tributes to which he quoted from Christopher North, David Macrae, Robert
+Carruthers and Evan MacColl.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/064_illo.jpg" width="300" height="432" alt="" title="R. L. Fraser" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="caption">MR. ROBERT LOVAT FRASER,<br />
+<span class="smcap">1st Vice-Chairman</span>.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Robert Lovat Fraser</span>, Vice-chairman, replied to the toast. He said:
+My duty, through the kindness of the committee, is certainly not so
+arduous in replying to the toast of the evening, as that which has been
+imposed upon the Chairman in proposing it. The length of his address,
+the facts regarding the origin and the outlines of the history of the
+Clan which he gave, make it unnecessary for me to dwell at length on
+this interesting topic. Indeed, I found on listening to the Chairman,
+that I had a great deal to learn about our Clan, and I am sure that I
+express not only my own thanks, but yours to him, in placing before us,
+so clearly and minutely, the leading facts regarding our ancestry and
+kindred. All my life long I have been an ardent admirer of some of the
+more prominent Frasers who have figured in our Clan history. My own
+connection with the Clan in the Highlands is somewhat remote, the last
+of my forefathers who resided there having had to leave his home and
+friends, on account of the part which he took with his Clan in the
+uprising of '45. But although we<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> have been cut off from that close
+connection which is thought necessary to keep alive a sentimental
+interest in such things, I can assure you that no clansman born within
+the shadow of Castle Downie can boast with greater truth of possessing
+more enthusiasm and interest than I in all that pertains to the Clan
+Fraser. The Clan has a history which we as clansmen should so study as
+to become perfectly familiar with it. Its record has been written in the
+events of the times as well as on the page of history, and no more
+inspiring or patriotic duty lies to our hand than the study of that
+record. I firmly believe that the influence of the clan feeling was a
+good influence, and that the idea of kinship and responsibility to each
+other for good behavior, as to kinsmen, had much to do in bringing about
+the high moral tone which distinguishes the Highland clans. It did much
+also to prepare the minds of those people for the enlightenment and love
+which Christianity brought with it, and which are so strikingly
+exemplified in the Highland character. I would say therefore to the
+young men, 'employ part of your evenings in the reading of the Clan
+history,' and to the older people, 'devote a little of the time of your
+remaining years to a like purpose.' I do not think it necessary, after
+what we<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> have just heard, to enter into historic details; neither is it
+necessary to defend the honor of the Clan where there are no assailants.
+The Clan has taken its place honorably among its contemporaries and
+neighbors. It invariably performed its duty in a manner highly
+creditable to the public spirit of its members and to their high
+standard of justice. There were it is true at times in the Clan, as in
+every other body of people, men whose names have been perpetuated
+because of evil rather than good. These, however, have been singularly
+few in the Clan Fraser, and even where statements are found to their
+discredit, the malice of interested foes not infrequently lends a
+heightened color to charges which might to some extent have been founded
+on fact. This I believe to be true in the case of Simon Lord Lovat, who
+had the misfortune to be the subject of biographical sketches by his
+enemies, but of whom a juster view now prevails. Happily the prominent
+clansmen, whose characteristics needed no defence, but called forth
+admiration and emulation, were many. To name them would be but to recite
+a long and distinguished list. Their characteristics were such as to
+challenge public commendation. With them as examples no clansman need
+feel ashamed of the name. But what I should like to impress most of all
+upon our Clan throughout the country is the necessity for a sentiment of
+loyalty to the Clan name and its traditions. Seeing that we have such a
+history let us prize it. Let every clansman feel proud of it, and let
+him see to it that his conduct and ambition are in every way in keeping
+with the record of the past, and in this way prove himself not only a
+good citizen, a good neighbor and a good friend, but a good clansman,
+and hand down the character of the Clan unsullied to posterity. This
+would be a most<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> laudable ambition and one which I feel sure every
+Fraser worthy of the name will strive earnestly to attain.</p>
+
+<p>Two gentlemen, Frasers all but in name, had been invited as guests. They
+were Mr. B. Homer Dixon, Consul General for the Netherlands, and Mr.
+Hugh Miller, J. P., both of Toronto. Their health was proposed by the
+chairman, who paid a high compliment to Mr. Homer Dixon, who, he said,
+had taken the warmest interest in matters relating to the Clan, and who
+was a living encyclopedia of information regarding its history and
+affairs. Mr. Dixon's connection was derived from his maternal side, and
+not a few Clan relics were in his possession. His absence from the
+gathering was on account of indifferent health, and it was regretted
+very much by those present. In coupling Mr. Miller's name with the
+toast, the Chairman referred to that gentleman's long connection with
+the business interests of the city of Toronto. Mr. Hugh Miller was a
+relative of his namesake, the famous geologist, and his name was as well
+known in Ontario business and national circles, as was that of his
+distinguished namesake in the field of literature and science. Mr.
+Miller rightly claimed to be of Fraser stock&mdash;he certainly had the
+Fraser spirit. He sat with them as an honored guest, but none the less
+an honored clansman.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Miller</span>, in reply, expressed the great satisfaction with which he had
+received an invitation to be present at what he might truly describe as
+a gathering of his own clansmen. It was well known that in Scotland, as
+in other countries, men were often named after the occupations which
+they followed, and it was not a mere tradition but a fact within the
+knowledge of his immediate forebears that they were of pure Fraser
+stock. They had worn the Fraser tartan,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> and had always taken a deep
+interest in whatever pertained to the affairs of the Clan. When the
+Chairman, in giving the toast of the Clan, had referred to the places
+associated with the name, he was brought back in memory over a long
+period of time. At his age, the sweep of memory to boyhood's days was a
+long one, and he could well recall the events in the Highlands of
+Scotland over sixty years ago. He had a loving and familiar recollection
+of scenes, than which there were none more beautiful under the sun, and
+of people who had animated these fair surroundings. The Fraser estates
+were among the finest in Britain, affording examples of beauty
+calculated to leave a very vivid impression on the youthful mind, and
+during his long life his early impressions had ever remained fresh and
+green. He remembered the time when the succession to the chiefship and
+estates was in hot dispute, and he knew how deeply the clansmen were
+moved by that contest. Down to that day the feeling of the clans was as
+strong as of old, and doubtless if occasion arose, it would prove to be
+strong still. At that time there were various claimants for the honors
+and possessions of the ancient house of Lovat, and as a boy he saw a
+good deal of those who were prominently concerned in the case. The
+Frasers were very anxious that the true heir by blood should succeed,
+and much was privately as well as openly done on behalf of the various
+contestants, according as the clansmen believed in the various claims
+put forward. As to the main object of their re-union that evening, he
+could do nothing but express his sincere hope that a strong association
+of the Frasers would be formed. There was no reason whatever why such an
+organization should not flourish in Canada, where those bearing the name
+could be numbered by thousands.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> He had the good fortune to know not a
+few Frasers in Canada, and he could honestly say that none of them, so
+far as he knew, ever did anything that in any way tarnished the good
+name of the Clan. He had great hopes of the success of the movement from
+the enthusiasm of the gathering, and from the fact that those who had
+taken the matter in hand were men of energy and capacity. He could now
+only thank them for having honored the toast in such a hospitable
+manner, and wish them all success in the projected organization.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<h4>"<span class="smcap">The Clan in Canada.</span>"</h4>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. R. Lovat Fraser</span>, Vice-chairman, in proposing the toast of "The Clan
+in Canada," said: The Clan in Canada is not, of course, as important as
+the Clan at large, but it has an importance altogether its own, and has
+a record not unworthy the parent stem. It is a branch of a goodly tree,
+and bears fruit of the finest quality. No clan has done more, if as
+much, for Canada as the Clan Fraser. Coming with the famous
+Seventy-Eighth regiment they did their duty at Louisburg and Quebec, and
+stamped the Clan name indelibly on the history of Canada, from ocean to
+ocean. Not only did they render services in the east, but in pioneer
+work helped to open up the west by travel, trade and commerce. A
+distinguished clansman and a relation of my friend on the right
+(Fraserfield) was the discoverer of the Fraser River. To those of us who
+highly prize the integrity of the British Empire it must be a source of
+pride to know that the part taken by the Seventy-Eighth in Lower Canada
+helped very much to keep the American continent for the British Crown.
+The history of that time clearly proves that had the fortunes of war
+been adverse in Canada to the British arms, the French would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> have been
+in a position to overrun and seize the whole of North America. This is a
+fact which is sometimes lost sight of, but is one of much satisfaction
+to us as clansmen. To those whose names have been coupled with this
+interesting toast, I must leave the duty of dealing at length with it,
+and I rejoice that both of them are gentlemen thoroughly familiar with
+the subject and of recognized ability as speakers. I refer to Mr. E. A.
+Fraser, barrister of Detroit, and our worthy friend, Mr. G. B. Fraser,
+of Toronto.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. E. A. Fraser</span> said: Mr. Vice-chairman, Chairman and Clansmen,
+although hailing from the other side of the line, I am a Canadian-born
+clansman, my native place being Bowmanville, near this beautiful Queen
+City. I passed my younger days in this province, attended the schools
+here, and am as familiar with the affairs of the country and with our
+clansmen in the country as those who have not left it to reside under
+another flag. I can therefore speak with confidence to this toast, but
+you will excuse me if I speak briefly, as the honor was unexpected, and
+I do not wish to make it appear that any words of mine that may come on
+the spur of the moment would be sufficient to lay before you, in proper
+form, what our Clan has done for Canada and the position which it
+occupies to-day in the affairs of the country. It is easy to speak of
+Louisburg and Quebec; it is easy to dilate on the names of distinguished
+clansmen familiar to us all for the prominent positions they have taken
+among their fellows, but the work performed by the Clan in Canada would
+not then be half told. We must go back to the hoary forests, to the
+backwoods, where the early settlers bent their energies to the opening
+up of the country. That noble pioneer work in which our clansmen shared,
+and shared in large numbers, it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> seems to me, has an importance that is
+not as often recognized as it ought to be. It is difficult for the
+imagination even to grasp the peculiar task that lay before the early
+settlers of this vast, heavily-timbered, unbroken, unopened, untravelled
+country. Now that we can take a seat in the railway car at Halifax and
+leave it at Vancouver, we can form but the very faintest conception of
+what this country was one hundred years ago, when those hardy
+mountaineers ranged themselves alongside the Lowland Scot, the
+Englishman, the Irishman, the German and the Frenchman, to hew down the
+lords of the forest, to turn the wilderness into well cultivated fields,
+to turn the log cabins into the mansions that now adorn the plains, and
+to form, as they do, a sturdy peasantry second to none in the world.
+When the pen of a genius has dealt with those times, a chapter will be
+written for the civilized world more interesting, probably, than any yet
+penned. We have to leave the high places of military fame and
+statesmanship and enter the factory and the counting-house to trace
+there the career of the pioneers of industry and commerce, and among
+them we find our clansmen performing those duties which the necessities
+of the country demanded. If we turn to the professions, our Clan is
+found to hold its own. To the church, to law, to medicine, to art, to
+politics, we have given men of whom we are proud. The walk of life in
+Canada that has not been trodden by a clansman would be only an
+undesirable one for any man to tread. If I may be permitted to say
+it&mdash;coming as I do from the great State of Michigan&mdash;I would say that in
+that State, where our clansmen are very numerous, they not only hold
+their own, but have attained to eminence in business and in the
+professions. We have men of distinguished ability at the head of the
+legal fraternity of our State; we have men whose<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> genius in business has
+secured them wealth and position; we have men who in humbler spheres
+have rendered patriotic services to the State, and who, one and all,
+show that they have not lost the characteristics of the Clan in new
+associations and callings. Before sitting down I should like to express
+the great pleasure I have experienced at this gathering of clansmen. I
+would have come twice as far to be present, and trust that the
+organization, the formation of which will undoubtedly be sanctioned here
+to-night, will be the means of bringing us together frequently to enjoy
+ourselves as we are now doing.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. G. B. Fraser</span>, of Toronto, followed, in response to the same toast.
+He said: Mr. Vice-chairman, Chairman and Clansmen, I frequently have to
+regret my lack of ability to discharge a duty of this nature to my own
+satisfaction. The subject allotted to me is one with which I cannot
+claim to be unfamiliar. It is a subject of great interest, and on such
+an occasion as the present, a subject which ought to be treated with
+some detail in order to perpetuate the names and deeds of clansmen who
+have done their duty nobly and well by this the land of our adoption. I
+find myself, however, not lacking in material, but in that
+ability&mdash;which seems to be born in some men&mdash;to place my information
+lucidly and briefly before you. Some speakers have already referred, and
+others will, later on, refer to the origin of the Clan Fraser in Canada.
+I shall not trespass on that part of the subject, but coming down to
+this century we find a clansman whose name will ever live in Canada. I
+refer to Simon Fraser, the discoverer of the Fraser River, whose life,
+when it comes to be written, will certainly shed lustre on the Clan
+name. He was descended from a cadet family of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> Lovats, came with his
+parents to Canada from the Eastern States, and settled at Glengarry. His
+worthy relative, Fraser of Fraserfield, sits here on my right, and proud
+I am to welcome him to this feast. John Fraser de Berry, the founder of
+the New Clan Fraser, was a man of extraordinary personality, whose
+acquaintance I first made at the time of the Trent affair. I happened to
+be in Montreal at that time, and received a telegram from De Berry that
+he wished to see me. He came from Quebec city, and we met in the St.
+Lawrence Hall. I was very much impressed with the singular interview
+which took place between us. Of course he was full of the project of his
+Clan Fraser, full of the history and genealogy of the Clan. He was an
+enthusiast, and in common with many enthusiasts could look but with
+impatience on the practical, prosaic side of things. With due formality,
+acting by what he believed to be his authority as a chieftain of the
+Clan, he invested me with power to raise a company of Frasers, in an
+allotted district in Western Ontario, which was delineated on a military
+plan in his possession. I could not do otherwise than accept the
+commission, which was that of captain, from this venerable-looking and
+earnest chief. Had I been able to withdraw from business, I have no
+doubt that I should have been, in a very short time, at the head of a
+company numbering at least one hundred stalwart clansmen, who would have
+given a good account of themselves in the field. But, as you are aware,
+the occasion for defence quickly passed away, and no more was heard of
+the proposed regiment of Frasers, of which my company was to have formed
+a part. The most remarkable fact which impressed itself upon me then,
+and one that I yet consider remarkable, was the manner in which De Berry
+had the Province divided into<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> military districts on his maps, the exact
+information which he had regarding the locations in which the clansmen
+resided, and the mass of details with which he seemed to be perfectly
+familiar. I could not understand how he acquired all this information,
+but have been informed since, by some who were associated with him, that
+he spared no means to trace out every Fraser in the country, through the
+voters' lists, the township registration books and the village
+directories. The amount of work involved in such research must have been
+enormous, and I can well believe that for many years De Berry devoted
+his time, as a man of leisure, to this project. He also appointed me as
+one of the one hundred and eleven chieftains of the New Clan, the chief
+of which was a descendant of a cadet of the Lovat family, residing in
+Nova Scotia, but the organization was too unwieldy, and its objects were
+rather vague for practical purposes. For a number of years meetings were
+held in Montreal of a very interesting character, but with De Berry's
+death and that of a number of those more prominently associated with him
+interest died out, and now we hear of the New Clan no more. We can
+profit by their experience in our own undertaking, and doubtless we
+shall be able to form an organization which will live, and which will
+perpetuate the name and traditions associated with the name and with
+this new country. I have practically confined myself to De Berry's name,
+not because there is a lack of clansmen on my list, whose memories
+deserve to be perpetuated, such as, for instance, the founder of the
+Fraser Institute, in Montreal; John Fraser, the author; John A. Fraser,
+the artist; Judge Fraser and Colonel Fraser, of Glengarry; but because
+some of these will doubtless be alluded to by other speakers, and,
+because having devoted so much time to a man whose name and personality<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+I cannot but regard as of peculiar interest to us, I have left myself
+but little time to refer to those clansmen whom I held, and still hold,
+in high esteem, and in whose name I thank you for the toast proposed and
+honored in such a fitting manner.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<h4>"<span class="smcap">Distinguished Clansmen.</span>"</h4>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. R. L. Fraser</span>, the Vice-chairman, then proposed the toast of
+"Distinguished Clansmen in Art, Science, Literature, Theology, Arms and
+Politics." He said: I had almost concluded that all Frasers are
+distinguished clansmen, and distinguished in the highest sense of the
+word, though it were better, perhaps, to be more modest, and hence the
+division into which this toast has been divided. While we rightly draw
+much of our inspiration from the seat of the Clan across the sea, it is
+well that we should remember, and remember generously, those of our Clan
+in this country who have secured high positions in life. Among our
+artists the name "Fraser" takes high rank. Some of the Fraser artists I
+have known personally, and can bear testimony not only to their fame,
+but to their personal qualities. Canadian art owes much to Mr. J. A.
+Fraser and Mr. W. Lewis Fraser, now sojourning in Europe. Literature
+claims the names of James Lovat Fraser, the distinguished classical
+scholar, of John Fraser, of Donald Fraser, and others well known in
+Canada. Science also has its devotees and distinguished students,
+especially medical science and theology. Frasers both in Canada and in
+the old land have taken front rank in the profession of arms, and have
+distinguished themselves from the time of Sir Simon Fraser, the compeer
+and companion of Wallace and the savior of Scotland, down to the present
+day. In politics the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> Clan has certainly won its share of such honors as
+the public delight to bestow. The reply to this toast has been entrusted
+to a splendid array of able clansmen. For clansmen distinguished in
+arts, Ex-Mayor Fraser, of Petrolea, will reply; for those in science,
+Dr. J. B. Fraser; for those in theology, Dr. Mungo Fraser; for those in
+literature, Professor W. H. Fraser; for Frasers in war, Mr. Alexander
+Fraser (Fraserfield); and for those in politics, Mr. W. P. Fraser.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/075_illo.jpg" width="300" height="562" alt="" title="Ex-Mayor John Fraser" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Ex-</span>MAYOR JOHN FRASER,<br />
+<span class="smcap">2nd Vice-Chairman</span>.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Ex-Mayor Fraser</span>, replying for the "Frasers in Art," said: Mr. Chairman
+and Gentlemen,&mdash;Your committee, in selecting me to speak for our
+clansmen in Art, acted of course on the assumption that I possessed the
+necessary qualifications for the task. At the outset, however, I must,
+in justice to all concerned, but more especially to the Frasers who have
+won distinction in art, confess that my attainments in that department
+are hardly such as to entitle me to a hearing in response to this
+important toast. But I am to some extent emboldened and sustained by the
+reflection that, as this is in a sense a family gathering, the
+shortcomings of a Fraser will pass, if not unobserved, at least without
+provoking unfriendly comment. Permit me then, on behalf of the artists
+of our Clan, to thank you for the cordial and enthusiastic manner in
+which you have received this toast. Among the many distinguished
+clansmen who have, in almost every sphere of human endeavor and
+usefulness, shed unfading lustre, not only upon our Clan, but upon
+humanity in general, our artists have secured an honored place. Of
+necessity, those of our Clan who have excelled in art are few in number;
+indeed, the artists of the world and of the ages might almost find
+standing room in this banquet hall. But our Clan has perhaps produced
+its quota, and some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> of them have taken high rank. It is not my purpose
+to mention the names of all; in fact, I am unable to name more than two,
+viz., Charles Fraser and John A. Fraser. The former was a distinguished
+portrait painter of South Carolina who died in 1860 at the age of 78
+years. He left a large number of portraits, all of which are said to
+have much artistic merit, and some of which have acquired considerable
+historic value. Of Mr. John A. Fraser it is hardly necessary to speak
+here. By his works we know him. A collection of Canadian paintings
+without one or more of his masterly representations of Canadian scenery
+would assuredly be incomplete. Let that suffice for our modern artists.
+It occurs to me, as it must have done to us all at one time or another,
+that our Clan must have produced great artists in the bygone ages.
+Assuredly Greece and Italy did not produce <i>all</i> the old masters. The
+Fraser Clan nourished then and was of course represented in art; but,
+just as in the newspaper&mdash;the product of the "art preservative"&mdash;there
+is to be found an occasional artist who, impelled by modesty or an
+exaggerated regard for his personal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> safety, uses a <i>nom de plume</i>&mdash;for
+instance, "Junius," <i>Vox Populi</i> or "A Disgusted Subscriber"&mdash;so there
+were, I fancy, in the days of long ago, Frasers in art who unmindful of
+posterity or perchance distrustful of their own powers, as genius so
+frequently is, worked under cover of such names as Raphael, Leonardo da
+Vinci, Michael Angelo, Canova, etc. A slight effort of the imagination
+will enable a Fraser to accept this theory.</p>
+
+<p>The Fraser has ever been great on the "tented field." There, indeed, he
+has won renown, for his "fierce, native daring" has never been
+surpassed. But there are still victories to be won, infinitely greater
+than any achieved in battle. The grandest painting is yet to be painted,
+and we who are the first in Canada to assemble in honor of our ancient
+and beloved Clan shall ever fondly cherish the hope that the first place
+in art will be occupied by a Fraser. But from whatever clan or country
+the master shall come, the Frasers will be among the first to do him
+honor.</p>
+
+<p>I thank you, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, for the patient hearing you
+have given me.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The reply to the part of this toast referring to "Science" was made by
+<span class="smcap">Dr. J. B. Fraser</span>, M. D., C. M., R. C. P. and S. K., Toronto. He said:
+Mr. Chairman, Vice-chairman, and Brother Clansmen, it gives me a great
+deal of pleasure to meet such a representative gathering of the old and
+distinguished "Clan Fraser" as we have here to-night. It arouses one's
+enthusiasm to think of the leading position our forefathers took in the
+history of Scotland, and the many deeds of valor performed on the battle
+field; and although they were pre-eminently noted as warriors, still we
+have many<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> instances in which they shone in the realms of science. In
+replying to the toast of "The Frasers in Science," allow me to give you
+a few brief biographical sketches of a few of our ancestors.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Alexander Fraser, of Philorth, was born in 1537, and died in 1623.
+He succeeded his grandfather to the estates in 1569, and at once began
+to improve the estate and advance the welfare of his clansmen. At this
+time Philorth was the baronial burgh, and boasted of a commodious
+harbor; but after the improvements referred to he changed the name to
+Fraserburgh. Having conceived the idea of founding a university, in
+spite of the strenuous opposition of the town of Aberdeen, he obtained
+powers to build a university at Fraserburgh, with all the privileges of
+the older universities. The remains of this building still existed in
+1888. On account of his interest in education and high scholastic
+attainments he was knighted in 1594. His motto was "The glory of the
+honorable is to fear God."</p>
+
+<p>John Fraser, F. L. S., was born in 1750, and died in 1811. He was a
+noted botanist, and visited North America five times in search of new
+and unknown specimens. He collected a great many plants in Newfoundland
+and later on at Charleston, Virginia. In 1796 he visited St. Petersburg,
+where he was introduced to the notice of the Empress Catherine, who
+purchased his entire collection of plants. In 1798 he was appointed
+botanical collector to the Czar Paul, and by him sent to America for a
+fresh collection. As a tribute to his ability he was elected a Fellow of
+Linnean Society (F.L.S.)</p>
+
+<p>Sir Alexander Fraser, M. D., belonged to the Durris branch of the
+family. He was educated at Aberdeen University, and having risen by his
+skill high in the ranks of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> physicians and surgeons he was appointed
+physician to Charles II., whom he accompanied in his travels through
+Scotland. Spotswood, in his history of Scotland, speaks highly of his
+learning and skill. He died in 1681.</p>
+
+<p>Robt. Fraser, F. R. S., son of Rev. Geo. Fraser, was born in 1760, and
+educated in Glasgow University, where he obtained the degree of M. A.,
+when he was but 15 years of age. He studied for the Church of Scotland,
+and was appointed in an official capacity to the Prince of Wales,
+afterward George IV. In 1791 the Earl of Breadalbane asked him to
+accompany him on a tour through the Western Isles and the Highlands of
+Scotland, undertaken with the view of improving the state of the people.
+The Prince of Wales gave him leave, and at the same time stated his
+faith in his ability to plan some means by which the people would be
+benefited, and wished him success. He succeeded so well that he was
+chosen to conduct a statistical survey of Ireland, and was the means of
+originating several important works, among others the harbor of
+Kingstown, sometimes called Queenstown. He published several works on
+agriculture, mines, mineralogy, fish, etc. He died in 1831.</p>
+
+<p>Simon Fraser was an explorer of some note, and was sent by the Hudson's
+Bay Company to establish new trading posts, and prospect for minerals,
+etc. He wrote many papers from 1806 to 1808. The Fraser river was named
+after him.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p>
+
+<p>Lewis Fraser was a zoologist of some note, and was appointed as curator
+of the Zoological Society of London. He travelled through South America,
+studying the character and habits of different animals and birds, and as
+the result of his travels published a work called "Zoologia Typica," or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>
+figures of rare and new animals. In 1888 his son was curator of the
+Zoological and General Sections of the Indian Museum of Calcutta.</p>
+
+<p>William Fraser, LL. D., was born in 1817 in Banffshire, and was ordained
+pastor of the Free Middle congregation of Paisley in 1849. In 1872 the
+University of Glasgow conferred on him the degree of LL. D., on account
+of his scientific attainments. In 1873, in recognition of his long
+services as President of the Philosophical Society, he was presented
+with a microscope and purse of sovereigns. He died in 1879.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/079_illo.jpg" width="300" height="588" alt="" title="Sec.-Treas. Wm. A. Fraser" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="caption">MR. WILLIAM A. FRASER,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Secretary-Treasurer</span>.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p>Alexander Campbell Fraser, D. C. L., LL. D., was born in 1819. His
+father was a minister and his mother a sister of Sir Duncan Campbell. He
+was educated in the Universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in 1842
+won a prize for his essay on "Toleration." In 1859 he was Dean of the
+Faculty in Arts, University of Edinburgh, and in 1871 was appointed
+Examiner in Moral Science; the same year he received the degree of LL.
+D. from the University of Glasgow. Later he was appointed Examiner in
+Moral Science and Logic at the India Civil Service Examinations. He was
+elected a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> member of the Athenian Club&mdash;without a ballot&mdash;for eminence
+in literature and philosophy. He afterward received the Degree of D. C.
+L., Oxford University.</p>
+
+<p>Professor Thos. Richard Fraser, M. D., F. R. S., was born in Calcutta,
+India, in 1841, and graduated in medicine in Edinburgh in 1862. In 1863
+he acted as Assistant Professor of Materia Medica, and in 1869 was
+appointed as Assistant Physician in the Royal Infirmary. He was
+afterward appointed Examiner in Materia Medica in London University, and
+was elected Medical Health Officer for Mid-Cheshire; he was also
+appointed Examiner in Public Health by London University. He was Dean of
+the Faculty in 1880. He is a F. R. S., F. R. C. P., Edinburgh; member of
+the Pharmaceutical Society, Britain; corresponding member of the
+Therapeutical Society of Paris, and of the Academy of Natural Sciences
+of Philadelphia. When the International Medical Congress met in London
+in 1881 he was appointed president of one section, and again president
+of one section in 1885. His work has been chiefly in the direction of
+determining the physiological effects of medicinal substances, with the
+view of establishing an accurate and rational basis for the treatment of
+disease.</p>
+
+<p>I have now mentioned some of the names recorded in history of Frasers
+that were distinguished in Science, and as I have occupied more than my
+share of time, I will take my seat, conscious that I have been able to
+mention but a few of the many clansmen distinguished for their
+scientific attainments. As I said at the outset I have enjoyed a great
+deal of pleasure in this gathering of clansmen. In looking over the
+record of a few of our brethren distinguished in science, so as to glean
+a few facts for this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> occasion, I recognized more than ever before the
+substantial services rendered to mankind by men bearing our name, and
+now that we have foregathered a small company, it may be, but a select
+one, I feel that you share with me the pride with which we regard our
+Clan and name.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Professor W. H. Fraser</span>, in replying to the sentiment, "Distinguished
+Clansmen in Literature," said: Gentlemen,&mdash;I thank you heartily for the
+way in which you have received this toast, and for the honor you confer
+on me in asking me to answer for our distinguished literary clansmen
+living and dead.</p>
+
+<p>Literature is the mirror of life. Life is action: literature is
+contemplation and words. My knowledge of the history of the Clan leads
+me to the conclusion that most of its distinguished members were men of
+deeds rather than words, and that they lived at times and under
+circumstances when deeds rather than words had value&mdash;men like Sir
+Alexander, who fought by Robert Bruce's side at Bannockburn, or that
+other Sir Alexander Mackenzie Fraser of the last century, described by
+contemporaries as "mild as a lamb and strong as a lion," who had said to
+him in public by his General, "Colonel Fraser, you and your regiment
+have this day saved the British army," or the Fraser who fought with
+Wolfe before Quebec, and a host of others. These men did not write
+literature, but perhaps they were better employed. I think they were,
+but at any rate they are the men who furnish the basis for
+literature&mdash;heroism, fidelity and devotion.</p>
+
+<p>The Clan has, however, not been wanting in scholars and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> writers, nor in
+those who patronized and furthered learning. What think you of a
+Fraser&mdash;Sir Alexander of Philorth&mdash;who in the 16th century built a grand
+University? It is getting to be the fashion now for rich men to build
+and endow seats of learning, but a man with such foresight and
+generosity in those early times in Scotland is surely deserving of all
+praise.</p>
+
+<p>Although not a few of the early Frasers won fame by the sword, some
+wielded to good purpose that mightier weapon, the pen. Such was James
+Fraser of Brea, in Ross-shire, who wrote copiously on theology, and who
+went to prison, by orders of Archbishop Sharp, as a preacher at
+conventicles. Another divine and scholar was James Fraser, of
+Pitcalzian, in Ross-shire, a son of the manse; a famous controversialist
+he was, and wrote a book against the Arminianism of Grotius that has
+kept its ground in Scotland till the present day, although he died as
+long ago as 1769.</p>
+
+<p>These are some of our older literary celebrities. Time will not permit
+me to mention all those who belong to the present century, or whose
+lives extended into it. There was Archibald Campbell Fraser of Lovat,
+38th McShimi, who died in 1815. As a school-boy he saw the fight at
+Culloden, and was afterwards Foreign Consul in Barbary, and was author
+of the "Annals of the patriots of the family of Fraser, Frizell, Simson
+or Fitzsimson." It must in truth have been a mighty book if it recorded
+them all. A curious piece of literature from his pen was the very long
+and very laudatory epitaph for his own tomb erected by himself.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Fraser, of Pathhead, Fifeshire, lived up till 1839. He was an
+ironmonger, but of such remarkable literary and linguistic tastes that
+in leisure moments he acquired Latin,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> Greek, French, German, Italian
+and Spanish. His poetry, which I regret is not accessible to me, was, it
+is said, characterized by fine feeling and nicety of touch. Truly a
+remarkable man. His ruling passion was strong in death, for he passed
+out of life dictating some translations of Norwegian and Danish poems.</p>
+
+<p>There are other ways of making literature besides writing it yourself.
+James Fraser, an Inverness man, was one of those who have made
+literature by proxy. Who does not know Fraser's Magazine? that pioneer
+publication in this field of literature, dating from 1830, with its
+famous contributors like Thackeray, Carlyle, J. A. Froude and Father
+Prout. This Fraser was also a famous publisher, a man of taste and
+judgment, and did more to advance literature than almost any man of his
+time, notwithstanding Carlyle's reference to him as "that infatuated
+Fraser with his dog's-meat tart of a magazine."</p>
+
+<p>Contemporary with Fraser of the magazine was James Baillie Fraser, also
+an Inverness man and a famous traveller who explored the Himalaya
+Mountains, and who was the first European to reach the sources of the
+Jumna and Ganges. He came home, and wrote an account of his travels. A
+little later he donned Persian costume, explored the larger part of
+Persia, and wrote a two-volume account of his journey. Turning to
+romance, he wrote "Kuggilbas," a tale of Khorasain; and this was the
+first of a long list of Eastern tales, histories and travels, the mere
+enumeration of which would take us on pretty far towards to-morrow
+morning.</p>
+
+<p>A beautiful and sympathetic literary figure is that of Lydia Falconer
+Fraser, the wife of Hugh Miller. Here are some lines from a poem of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span>
+hers on the death of their first-born child:</p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i20">"Thou'rt awa, awa, from thy mother's side,</span>
+<span class="i21">And awa, awa, from thy father's knee;</span>
+<span class="i20">Thou'rt awa from our blessing, our care, our caressing,</span>
+<span class="i21">But awa from our hearts thou'lt never be.</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i23">*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i20">Thou'rt awa, awa, from the bursting spring time,</span>
+<span class="i21">Tho' o'er thy head its green boughs wave;</span>
+<span class="i20">The lambs are leaving their little foot-prints</span>
+<span class="i21">On the turf of thy new-made grave."</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>What gentleness and sweetness in these lines! One of her prose works,
+"Cats and Dogs," still holds its own as one of the minor classics of
+natural history.</p>
+
+<p>Rev. Robert William Fraser, a Perthshire man, succeeded Rev. Dr. Guthrie
+in St. John's Church, Edinburgh, in 1847, and was a learned and eloquent
+divine and a diligent pastor. He found time to write all but one of a
+dozen of important works on divinity, history, physical and natural
+science. He was a solid man.</p>
+
+<p>I must not omit William Fraser, the educational reformer who helped
+David Stow to carry out his training system for teachers in Scotland,
+and who later investigated Scottish education, and wrote an important
+book on the subject of which the results were afterwards embodied in
+legislation. He died in 1879.</p>
+
+<p>Along with him may well be mentioned the late James Fraser, Bishop of
+Manchester, a very famous man from Forfarshire, one of the Frasers of
+Durris, of whom it has been said that there has not been in this
+generation a more simple or noble soul. He interests us especially for
+his work in education, and forms a connecting link between our school
+system and English educational reform, for he visited Canada and the
+United States in 1865, and drew up a report which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> his biographer,
+Thomas Hughes, calls "a superb, an almost unique piece of work." It was
+the basis of the Foster Act of 1870, by which enormous changes were
+introduced in the direction of the American system.</p>
+
+<p>Worthy of being put by his side was Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D., who died
+two years ago, of whom we should hear more under the head of theology.
+He received part of his education in old Knox College, Toronto, and was
+pastor of the Cote Street Church, Montreal, from which he was called to
+Inverness, thence to London, England.</p>
+
+<p>In my mass of material, I had almost forgotten Patrick Lord Fraser, who
+died only five years ago. He was a very great man of the law, one of
+Scotland's greatest, and wrote extensively on legal subjects.</p>
+
+<p>The Frasers, however, were not all heavy writers. Many of us remember
+John Fraser, who met his death by accident in Ottawa in 1872. He was
+best known as "Cousin Sandy." He had been a chartist before coming to
+Canada. He was a tailor by trade, and laid aside the needle for that
+other sharp pointed instrument, the pen. Most of his work was
+controversial and sarcastic. Here is a sample of his rollicking verse,
+reminding one strongly of the Ingoldsby legends:</p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<small>
+<span class="i14">"William Blyth was a scape-grace&mdash;as many boys are&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i15">Who with prudence and forethought was always at war;</span>
+<span class="i15">His genius was active; I've heard, or have read,</span>
+<span class="i15">That his grandma was nervous; his father was dead;</span>
+<span class="i15">And his mother, released from connubial vows,</span>
+<span class="i15">Brought home to her dwelling a second hand spouse,</span>
+<span class="i15">Who gave her a heart, somewhat hard and obtuse,</span>
+<span class="i15">In exchange for her furniture ready for use.</span>
+<span class="i15">Now William like others, without leave would roam,</span>
+<span class="i15">And be absent when lather the second came home;</span>
+<span class="i15">So he of the step, which step-father should be,</span>
+<span class="i15">Said 'To save the lad's <i>morals</i> we'll send him to sea.'"</span>
+</small>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The boy was confined in a water-cask for bad conduct.</p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<small>
+<span class="i14">"And the wave cleared the deck of the vessel, and she</span>
+<span class="i15">Like one half 'seas over' rolled about in the sea.</span>
+<span class="i15">Then a shriek was heard, and the boatswain roar'd</span>
+<span class="i15">'There's Bill and the tub gone overboard!'"</span>
+</small>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>He floated to shore after an interview with a shark, a cow switched her
+tail against the tub, and Bill caught it while the cow fled, and wrecked
+the tub, but saved Bill's life, although he remained unconscious.</p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<small>
+<span class="i14">"But was roused from his swoon by a beautiful Yankee</span>
+<span class="i15">Who brought dough-nuts and tea, it was genuine Twankay.</span>
+<span class="i15">An angel of light in the garb of humanity,</span>
+<span class="i15">And that garb of the Saxony's best superfine,</span>
+<span class="i15">What her countrymen term the 'real genuine.'</span>
+<span class="i15">Bill was charmed and concluded, with some show of reason,</span>
+<span class="i15">That to her annexation could never be treason."</span>
+</small>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>And he was annexed in due time.</p>
+
+<p>We have some poets still living, Gordon Fraser, John W. Fraser, and
+others; on them I must touch lightly. Gordon is a writer on "Lowland
+Lore," and writes good ballads of his own, like the one beginning:</p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<small>
+<span class="i14">"'Twas an eerie nicht, an' the storm-cluds lower'd,</span>
+<span class="i15">An the lichtnin's glent was keen,</span>
+<span class="i15">An' the thunner roll'd, but nane were cower'd</span>
+<span class="i15">I' the clachan till-hous bien."</span>
+</small>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>It is a fearsome ghost story well told.</p>
+
+<p>John W. is a very charming writer. His ballad of the courtship of "Bell"
+is first-rate, and it begins:</p>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<small>
+<span class="i17">"Sin' Bell cam' to bide in our toun,</span>
+<span class="i18">The warl' has a' gaen ajee;</span>
+<span class="i17">She has turned a' the heads o' the men,</span>
+<span class="i18">And the women wi' envy will dea.</span>
+<span class="i17">O, but Bell's bonnie!</span>
+<span class="i18">Dink as a daisy is she;</span>
+<span class="i17">Her e'en are as bricht as the starnies</span>
+<span class="i18">That shine in the lift sae hie."</span>
+</small>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Such are some of our literary men, and they are very creditable
+specimens. I know that I have left out more than I have given. I have
+not said a word about all the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> Frasers in Gaelic literature, whose name
+must be legion, because I cannot follow them in that language.</p>
+
+<p>Our Clan has a good proportion of the literary in it, and I believe we
+are all literary critics. I never knew a Fraser yet who had not
+excellent literary taste and judgment. The reasons why more literature
+has not been produced is very clear to my mind, and depends on a
+prominent characteristic of the Clan&mdash;great modesty. This must be thrown
+aside if you are going to rush into literature. Many a Fraser has had it
+in him to produce the highest sort of literature, who from this cause
+has never written a line for the public. When the Clan succeeds in
+throwing off this defect, we may expect the production of literary works
+on a par with the best that has been written.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p>The reply to the toast of "Frasers in Theology" was entrusted to the
+<span class="smcap">Rev. Mungo Fraser</span>, D.D., of Hamilton, who had to leave by train for home
+before this toast was reached. His reply summarised is as follows:
+"There are many clansmen who stand high in theology, if we be allowed to
+understand by that term the wider and more comprehensive sphere of work
+in the Church of Christ. In the memory of those who admire subjective
+writings of an extremely searching character, the name of the Rev. James
+Fraser, of Brea, will occupy an undying place. To those who give the
+highest rank among ministers to pulpit ability, the Frasers of Kirkhill,
+for three generations, will afford examples of eloquence and those gifts
+of oratorical power that appeal so irresistibly to the popular ear. By
+those who regard the administrative functions of the pastor as of
+importance, the name of Bishop Fraser, of Manchester, is justly
+esteemed,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span> and in a less prominent, but not less important degree, the
+name of Dr. William Fraser, for a long period the senior clerk of the
+Presbyterian Church in Canada; and theological literature finds a writer
+of ability and copiousness in Dr. Donald Fraser, at one time of Montreal
+and afterwards of London, England. The Clan contributed a great many
+names to the roll of distinguished clergymen, men who, in their
+different spheres, rendered noble service to the cause of Christ. And
+among them are men, some of whose names have been mentioned by the
+Vice-chairman, of ability, of high character, whose personal influence
+over the people was strongly felt. In Canada the name of Fraser has an
+honored place among the ministers of the churches. They are doing their
+duty nobly and well, and if the names of some of them be not widely
+known outside of their own country, it must not be forgotten that a
+clergyman's best fame and best reward is his good name among those for
+whom he directly labors, and for whose welfare he gives his best
+endeavors. Did time permit, it would be comparatively easy to speak at
+length of those who have held their own in the theological sphere, but
+sufficient has probably been said to indicate that the Clan has done its
+duty in one of the most interesting and important fields of human effort
+open for the welfare of man.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p>The part of the toast dealing with "the Frasers in War," was replied to
+by <span class="smcap">Mr. Alexander Fraser</span> (of Fraserfield, Glengarry). He said: After what
+we have heard of the Clan this evening we must come to the conclusion
+that it has always been distinguished for its military spirit, and I
+regret on that account, all the more, that the duty has fallen upon me
+to reply to the "Frasers in War." Not that I do not appreciate<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> to the
+fullest extent that spirit which distinguished them and probably in no
+small degree share it, but I am not a man of words, and I feel I shall
+not be able, even in a small way, to do justice to this theme.
+Undoubtedly the military character of the Clan goes back to its very
+origin, for if the Frasers did come from Normandy, they must have been
+selected on account of their military ability, for those were the days
+when length and strength of arm and good generalship were the most
+valuable qualifications a man could possess. But, coming down to the
+earlier times in Scotland, we find our clansmen heading the warlike and
+chivalrous nobles of that country, in their devotion to the Crown, and
+in their exploits in the field in defence of country and patrimony. I
+need not enter into a detailed description of the times when the Lowland
+Frasers served their country and their king with an unswerving devotion
+whose lustre time will not dim, nor the researches of modern historians
+tarnish. Down through history in the Highlands they have ever shown
+themselves to be a brave and warlike race, furnishing individuals of
+conspicuous ability and distinction in arms. No treatment of this toast
+would be complete that should omit a reference to Fraser's Highlanders
+that embarked under the command of the Chief of the Clan in 1757, and
+took part with Wolfe's army in all the engagements, from Louisburg to
+the close of the war. At Quebec the Frasers distinguished themselves in
+an especial manner. In the struggles which took place early in the
+century, between the Canadians and Americans, the Frasers did their
+duty, proving that down to our own times they maintained their old
+reputation. In the British army, from the formation of the Highland
+regiments, in 1739, to the present day, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> Clan has given many
+distinguished officers and many brave men to its country's service, and
+I know I can speak with truth when I say that the old spirit still
+prevails, whether you look at home or abroad. So true is this that I may
+conclude these remarks in the stereotyped words of the after-dinner
+speaker by saying that should the occasion ever demand it, the Frasers
+will be ever ready to draw their claymores and shed their blood in the
+country's service as of yore.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. W. P. Fraser</span> spoke for "The Frasers in Politics." He said: Mr.
+Chairman, Vice-chairman and Brother Clansmen, it would seem that the
+toast of distinguished clansmen is quite an inexhaustible one. Much has
+been said of our clansmen in the various ranks of life, but I believe no
+more than is deserved. As a matter of course the Frasers have ranked
+high in politics. We have not had a Prime Minister of the name in the
+Dominion of Canada, but we have given to the Legislatures of Ontario,
+Quebec, and the Lower Provinces, many of their most useful members,
+their most eloquent speakers, and their most responsible statesmen. We
+have borne our share of public duty in this country, both in the rank
+and file of political workers, and as leaders. I do not need to go far
+afield to find some of the more striking examples. There is one name so
+long and honorably associated with the fortunes of this Province that it
+merits premier recognition. I refer to that of the Hon. Christopher
+Finlay Fraser, who would have responded to this toast himself to-night,
+were it not that he has been suffering from severe illness for some
+time, and has not sufficiently recovered to take his place among us.
+Reference has been made to his letter of regret, and I feel sure that
+every word in it is true&mdash;that it is the outcome of his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> sincere
+feeling; for Mr. Fraser is as much a clansman as he is a politician, and
+has ever manifested the same deep interest in matters connected with his
+Clan, as he has displayed in the public duties which he is called upon
+to perform. The position which he occupies, the services which he has
+rendered, his wide sphere of influence, his sterling honesty and
+unblemished record&mdash;these lie as an open book before you. For me to
+expatiate upon them would be quite superfluous. His name will go down in
+the annals of our statesmen as one of the most competent Ministers of
+the Crown who ever held office in this Province, as one of subtle
+intellect who served his country and his party in great crises, as one
+who gave his talents generously and disinterestedly to the welfare of
+his fellow-beings, and in a peculiar manner helped to lay the
+foundations of a great nationality in this country. Another of our
+clansmen, whose telegram of regret shows that he has been intercepted on
+the way from the far east to our gathering, has made the name famous in
+the politics of Canada, and is likely to attain to still greater
+eminence in the future. At his home in Nova Scotia he has long been
+known as a man of probity, ability, and capacity for public duty. It is
+not so long ago that he was first heard of in these western parts, but
+already he has sprung into notice, and his services are in request at
+many public gatherings. I am sure we all regret the absence of Mr. D. C.
+Fraser, M.P. for Guysboro', to-night. He is not only a politician but a
+patron of learning and celtic literature. To his generous heart and open
+hand many a struggling Highlander owes much, and through his
+encouragement not a few scholarly productions have seen the light of
+day. Were I to venture beyond Canada I should find Frasers playing a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>
+prominent part in the field of politics in South Africa, in the
+Australias, in the East Indies, and even in South America. It was only
+the other day we heard of a clansman born in Nova Scotia, but of good
+Inverness stock, who had been appointed delegate to the Inter-colonial
+Conference to be held in Ottawa this summer. I refer to the Hon. Simon
+Fraser, of Victoria. I have no doubt his clansmen here will be glad to
+welcome him, and to wish the utmost success to his mission. I must
+refrain at this hour from any reference to what Frasers have done in
+political life in the old land. The chiefs of the Clan numbered among
+them many men of eminence in politics. Of these we have heard something
+already to-night, and when the call of public duty comes, I feel sure a
+Fraser will be ready to step forward to perform his part in a worthy
+manner.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<h4>ORGANIZATION.</h4>
+
+<p>A resolution was carried in favor of the formation of an organization of
+clansmen in Canada, having for its main objects the promotion of social
+intercourse among the members, the collection of facts from which to
+prepare a biographical album of the members and other clansmen, and the
+promotion of objects which may be of interest to the Clan; and that
+those present form a general committee to act in the matter, the
+Committee of this gathering to act as an Executive Committee, for the
+purpose of drafting a constitution for the Clan to be submitted to the
+next gathering of the Clan.</p>
+
+<p class="small">The Clan song, composed by request, for this gathering, by Mrs. Georgina
+Fraser Newhall, and set to music composed by Mr. J. Lewis Browne, will
+be found, with a biographical sketch and portrait of the authoress, on
+pages 93 to 97.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/092_footing.png" width="250" height="65" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>GEORGINA FRASER NEWHALL.</h4>
+
+<p class="smcen">AUTHORESS OF "FRASER'S DRINKING SONG."</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/094_illo.jpg" width="600" height="909" alt="" title="Georgina Fraser Newhall" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="caption">MRS. GEORGINA FRASER NEWHALL</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p>"The Frasers of Stratherrick, where are they?" To this pensive question
+by Charles Fraser Mackintosh comes an oft echoed and lusty answer from
+many distant lands. Indeed the question is, "Where are they not?" for it
+is safe to say that there is no country where the English language
+to-day prevails, in which Stratherrick may not claim a son. Their new
+homes have not the historical charm of the old, but wherever the Frasers
+have gone, away from the home of their fathers, they have acquitted
+themselves well. A scion of a Stratherrick house was James George
+Fraser, who many years ago settled at Galt, Ontario. Like his brother
+Capt. Charles Fraser, now residing in Glasgow, Scotland, he was attached
+to a Highland regiment in his younger days, but withdrawing from the
+service, he came to Canada with his young wife, Christina MacLeod. At
+Galt was born a family of three sons, William, Charles and Andrew, and
+four daughters, Christina, Jessie, Elizabeth and Georgina, the youngest
+of whom is the subject of this brief sketch. On the maternal side her
+descent is traced from the families of Lochend and Braemore. Her
+great-grand parents were George Mackenzie, second son of John Mackenzie
+I. of Lochend (of the Gairloch family), and Christina, daughter of
+Captain Hector Munro of Braemore. George Mackenzie was a distinguished
+officer, and attained to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel of the famous
+Rosshire Buffs, the 78th Highlanders. His daughter Christina married
+Angus MacLeod of Banff with issue, two sons, Donald and George, and
+several daughters,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>
+of whom Christina, as already stated, married James G. Fraser of Galt, Ontario.</p>
+
+<p>Georgina Fraser was born about the beginning of the sixties, and was
+educated in the public and high schools of her native town. After the
+death of her parents she removed to Toronto, and taking up the study of
+shorthand entered upon the life of an amanuensis and teacher of
+stenography. She taught large classes in the towns surrounding Toronto,
+and in Victoria University, when that institution was located at
+Cobourg. She was the first woman in Canada to adopt this profession as a
+means of self-support, and to her belongs the honor of adding a new
+vocation to those upon which Canadian women may enter. In addition to
+these duties Miss Fraser undertook journalistic work, and was the first
+lady writer in Toronto to conduct the department devoted to woman's
+interests, now so important a weekly feature in the great dailies in
+Canada.</p>
+
+<p>In 1884, while occupying the important position of Assistant Secretary
+to General Manager Oakes of the Northern Pacific Railway at St. Paul,
+Minn., she became the wife of Mr. E. P. Newhall, of the Pacific Express
+Co. in Omaha.</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding household cares and ill-health Mrs. Newhall still finds
+time to indulge in her old taste for literature, wielding an earnest pen
+in advocacy of those reforms which most interest women of advanced
+thought. She has achieved considerable fame as a writer of short
+stories, and her compositions of verse bear the mark of the true poet's
+touch.</p>
+
+<p>As a clanswoman Mrs. Newhall is fond of claiming the right to call
+herself a "black" Fraser, nature having endowed her with that darkness
+of hair and eyebrow which is supposed to stamp all the possessors
+thereof as "true Frasers."</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3>FRASER'S DRINKING SONG.</h3>
+
+<p class="vsmcen">(The Fraser Motto is "<span class="smcap">Je Suis Prest"&mdash;"I am Ready</span>.")</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 20%;" />
+
+<p class="center">Words by <span class="smcap">Georgina Fraser Newhall</span>.
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+Music by <span class="smcap">J. Lewis Browne</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/097_song.jpg" width="600" height="1065" alt="" title="Fraser's Drinking Song" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>FRASER'S DRINKING SONG.</h4>
+
+<h4>1</h4>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i14">All ready?</span>
+<span class="i18">Let us drink to the woman who rules us to-night&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i18">To her lands; to her laws; 'neath her flag we will smite</span>
+<span class="i18">Ev'ry foe,</span>
+<span class="i18">Hip and thigh,</span>
+<span class="i18">Eye for eye,</span>
+<span class="i18">Blow for blow&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i31">Are you ready?</span>
+</div>
+
+<h4>2</h4>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i14">All ready?</span>
+<span class="i18">Then here's to the mothers who bore us, my men;</span>
+<span class="i18">To the shieling that sleeps in the breast of the glen</span>
+<span class="i18">Where the stag</span>
+<span class="i18">Drinks it fill</span>
+<span class="i18">From the rill</span>
+<span class="i18">By the crag&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i31">Are you ready?</span>
+</div>
+
+<h4>3</h4>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i14">All ready?</span>
+<span class="i18">Fill your glass to the maid you adore, my boys;</span>
+<span class="i18">Wish her health, wish her wealth, long life, and all joys;</span>
+<span class="i18">Full measure</span>
+<span class="i18">(May it swim</span>
+<span class="i18">To the brim)</span>
+<span class="i18">Of pleasure&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i31">Are you ready?</span>
+</div>
+
+<h4>4</h4>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i14">All ready?</span>
+<span class="i18">And here's to the country we live in, my lads;</span>
+<span class="i18">It is here we have struggled and thriven, my lads?</span>
+<span class="i18">God bless it,</span>
+<span class="i18">May Beauty</span>
+<span class="i18">And Duty</span>
+<span class="i18">Possess it&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i31">Are you ready?</span>
+</div>
+
+<h4>5</h4>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+<span class="i14">All ready?</span>
+<span class="i18">A Fraser! A Fraser forever, my friends;</span>
+<span class="i18">While he lives how he hates, how he loves till life ends;</span>
+<span class="i18">He is first,</span>
+<span class="i18">Here's my hand,</span>
+<span class="i18">Into grand</span>
+<span class="i18">Hurrah burst&mdash;</span>
+<span class="i31">Are you ready?</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3>SIMON FRASER.</h3>
+
+<h4>DISCOVERER OF THE FRASER RIVER.</h4>
+
+<p>The life-work of the discoverer of the Fraser River illustrates the
+pioneer spirit which animated the early settlers of Canada. There was
+the pluck, the love of adventure, the endurance, the prompt response to
+the call of duty, the expansive idea which kept abreast of ever opening
+possibilities, and the rare tact displayed in new, embarrassing and
+important transactions. Simon Fraser was in many respects a great man
+and one of whom his clansmen may well feel proud. His grandfather was
+William Fraser, of Culbokie, whose wife Margaret Macdonell, of
+Glengarry, was the possessor of the famous <i>Balg Solair</i> in which was
+stowed away a manuscript of Ossianic poetry, which figures in the
+dissertations on the authenticity of MacPherson's Ossian, and regarding
+which the following interesting passage occurs in the correspondence of
+the late Bishop Alexander Macdonell: "I myself saw a large MS. of
+Ossian's poems in the possession of Mrs. Fraser of Culbokie, in
+Strathglass, which she called "<i>am Balg Solair</i>" (a bag of fortuitous
+goods). This lady's residence being between my father's house and the
+school where I used to attend with her grandchildren, at her son's,
+Culbokie House, by way of coaxing me to remain on cold nights at her own
+house, she being cousin to my father, she used to take up the <i>Balg
+Solair</i>, and read pieces of it to me. Although a very young boy at the
+time, I became so much enraptured with the rehearsal of the achievements
+of the heroes of the poem, and so familiar with the characters,
+especially of Oscar, Cathmor, and Cuthchullin, that when MacPherson's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span>
+translation was put into my hands in the Scotch college of Valladolid in
+Spain, many years afterwards, it was like meeting old friends with whom
+I had been intimately acquainted. Mrs. Fraser's son, Simon, who had a
+classical education, and was an excellent Gaelic scholar, on emigrating
+to America in the year 1774, took the <i>Balg Solair</i> with him as an
+invaluable treasure. On the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, Mr.
+Fraser joined the Royal Standard, was taken prisoner by the Americans
+and thrown into jail, where he died."</p>
+
+<p>William, of Culbokie, and his wife Margaret Macdonell had nine sons. Of
+these, Archibald and John fought under Wolfe at Quebec. John settled at
+Montreal, and became Chief Justice of the Montreal district. In 1774, or
+more probably in 1773, Simon left home, and settled near Bennington,
+Vermont. Here his son, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1776. His
+mother and her family came to Canada after the death of his father (as
+stated above), and settled in Glengarry. Simon was the youngest of the
+family. He was placed in school in Montreal, where he resided with his
+uncle, the Chief Justice. In 1792, at the age of sixteen, he became an
+articled clerk with McTavish, Frobisher &amp; Co., to the North-West Fur
+Trading Co., which had its headquarters in Montreal. In 1802 he became a
+partner, and subsequently went out to the far North. In 1805 he came
+down from Fort Athabasca to Fort William, and was then nominated to
+cross the Rocky Mountains, to extend out-posts and form trading
+connections with the Indians. He responded at once to the call. He said
+he would undertake the expedition provided they gave him a sufficient
+outfit. This the Company were only too glad to do. It was a very hazardous undertaking.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span>
+He crossed the mountains with thirty men&mdash;clerks,
+axemen, guides and interpreters. He soon found himself in a wild and
+desolate region. As he went on he built block-houses, and took
+possession of the country in the name of the King. In 1806 he discovered
+the river which takes its name from him. He discovered many rivers and
+lakes which he named after different members of the Company. He traced
+the Fraser river to its source, and met many different tribes of
+Indians, some friendly, others hostile. At one time they met different
+tribes who were very friendly and made a great feast for them; they
+killed their <i>fattest dog</i> for him, which of course he feigned to eat;
+but at the same feast the chiefs held a council and decided to put him
+to death, which the interpreter, who understood their language, told
+him, and they stole quietly away. He first named the river now known as
+the Fraser river, the "Great River," and called the place "New
+Caledonia." Here he left some of the party, and crossed westerly into
+the open country, and built another house near a lake, which he called
+Fraser's Lake. He was now with four men in the midst of Indians who had
+never before either seen or heard of the "pale face." On the border of
+this lake he witnessed an Indian ceremony. He was brought by the Indians
+to where they had a large burying-ground, where one of the Chiefs of
+their tribe was being buried. An immense number of warriors were
+assembled, and after a most solemn and impressive ceremony, Mr. Fraser
+was invited by signs to approach the grave. He did so, and gave immense
+satisfaction by engraving his name on a post which had been planted over
+the remains of the departed warrior. In July, 1807, he received fresh
+supplies from the North-West Co.,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> who at the same time urged him to
+trace with all possible speed the "Great River" to the Sea, they being
+apprehensive that the Americans would get ahead of the British in that
+quarter, as in the previous year 1806, Captains Lewis and Clarke had
+gone down the "Columbia," and were extending American authority along
+the western coast of America, and Astor, on the part of the Americans,
+was also looking anxiously towards the northern section.</p>
+
+<p>The North-West Co. therefore urged Mr. Fraser to spare no expense in
+achieving the object of their desires.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Fraser built another trading-house on the "Great River" in 1807, and
+reached the Ocean in July, 1808. He remained but a short time there on
+account of the hostility of the Indians.</p>
+
+<p>Returning he again met numerous and large bodies of Indians speaking
+several different languages. They assembled to see the wonderful pale
+faces who had come among them. An idea of how they regarded white men
+may be formed from the fact that when hundreds of them were congregated
+together, at the discharge of a single rifle they would fall prostrate
+on the ground, so great was their astonishment. Had it not been for Mr.
+Fraser's wonderful energy and enterprise, there would not be a railroad
+to-day from ocean to ocean over British territory.</p>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/106_footing.png" width="300" height="74" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/102_illo.jpg" width="600" height="853" alt="" title="Simon, Lord Lovat" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3>SIMON, LORD LOVAT.</h3>
+
+<h5>BEHEADED ON TOWER HILL.</h5>
+
+<p>No Fraser chief has achieved more notoriety than Simon, the fourteenth
+Lord Lovat. His enemies avenged themselves for the failure of their
+nefarious plots against him by supplying, at a cheap rate, the charcoal
+with which prejudiced historians have blackened his memory. But while
+his fate is still held up as a warning to evil doers, it has been
+proved, beyond peradventure, that his character has been much maligned,
+and that he appears rather as a man of inexhaustible resources, availing
+himself of whatever means lay nearest to his hand to extricate himself
+from enormous difficulties and to attain objects which, though of
+personal advantage to himself and Clan, were as honorable as they were
+just, and wholly in keeping with the customs of his day. His efforts to
+secure the chiefship and the honors of his house, and to extend the
+power of the Clan, were genuinely patriotic. His Lordship certainly was
+a man of learning and ability. He was an admirable letter writer, and
+passages in his correspondence show that he had wonderful facility in
+writing and a capital style.</p>
+
+<p>The picture here given is from a mezzo-tint in possession of Mr. B.
+Homer Dixon, from a painting of Lord Lovat, by David Le Clerc, a Swiss
+who was in England in 1715 and 1716. The picture which is supposed to
+have been taken in 1715, when Lord Lovat was about forty-eight years
+old, is marked: "Le Clare, <i>pinxt</i>. J. Simon, <i>fecit</i>." Although armour
+had been disused before Lord Lovat's time, it was the fashion at that
+period for gentlemen to be painted in armour. The mezzo-tint is very
+rare.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3>BRIGADIER SIMON FRASER.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/105_illo.jpg" width="600" height="725" alt="" title="Brig.-Gen. Fraser" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="caption">BRIGADIER-GENERAL FRASER,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Younger of Balnain</span>.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p>Among the officers of Fraser's Highlanders were several clansmen
+destined to rise high in military distinction. Of them few are better
+known in the Clan than Captain Simon Fraser of Balnain, afterwards
+Quarter-Master General in Ireland, a post which he quitted to serve as
+Brigadier-General in Burgoyne's Army in America. He had served in the
+Scotch regiment in the Dutch service, and was wounded at Bergen-op-Zoom.
+He spoke French perfectly and to this accomplishment and his coolness
+was due his signal service at Quebec, where he saved the transports from
+discovery at a critical moment before the precipice was scaled.</p>
+
+<p>Smollet relates the incident as follows:&mdash;"The French had posted
+sentries along shore to challenge boats and vessels and give the alarm
+occasionally. The first boat that contained the English troops being
+questioned accordingly, a captain of Fraser's regiment, who had served
+in Holland, and who was perfectly well acquainted with the French
+language and customs, answered without hesitation to <i>qui vive</i>?&mdash;which
+is their challenging word&mdash;<i>La France</i>; nor was he at a loss to answer
+the second question, which was much more particular and difficult. When
+the sentinel demanded, <i>a quel regiment</i>? the captain replied, <i>de la
+reine</i>, which he knew by accident to be one of those that composed the
+body commanded by Bougainville. The soldier took it for granted this was
+the expected convoy (a convoy of provisions expected that night for the
+garrison of Quebec), and, saying <i>passe</i>, allowed all the boats to
+proceed without further question. In the same manner the other sentries
+were deceived; though one, more wary than the rest, came running down
+to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span>the water's edge and called, <i>pour quoi est ce que vous ne parlez
+pas haut?</i> 'Why don't you speak with an audible voice?' To this
+interrogation, which implied doubt, the captain answered with admirable
+presence of mind, in a soft tone of voice, <i>tai toi nous serens
+entendues!</i> 'Hush! we shall be overheard and discovered.' Thus cautioned
+the sentry retired without further altercation."</p>
+
+<p>At the time of the Revolutionary War, Brigadier-General Simon Fraser was
+second in command of the British army, under Burgoyne. He fell at
+Saratoga under circumstances which prove his great ability as an
+officer. The American historians say that General Burgoyne had lost his
+head, and the American General Morgan perceiving it, called two of his
+best riflemen and said: "You see that fine fellow on the white horse? It
+goes against my heart to do it, but you must pick him off, or we lose
+the battle." They watched their opportunity, shot General Fraser, and
+the Americans won the day.</p>
+
+<p>The picture here given is said to be a good likeness. It has been
+produced from a mezzo-tint in the possession of Mr. B. Homer Dixon,
+Toronto.</p>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/106_footing.png" width="300" height="74" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3>SECOND ANNUAL GATHERING.</h3>
+
+<div class="poemblock">
+<div class="poem">
+<span class="i18"><small><small>"Three triumphs in a day; three hosts subdued in one:</small></small></span>
+<span class="i18"><small><small>Three armies scattered like the spray, beneath one common sun."</small></small></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 52px;">
+<img src="images/107_dropcap.png" width="52" height="60" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>HE second Annual Gathering and Dinner of the Clan Fraser in Canada was
+held on the 25th day of February, 1895, that date having been selected
+in honor of the Scots' victory at Roslin on February 25th, 1303, when
+the army was commanded by Sir Simon Fraser, the patriot (p. <a href="#Page_48">48</a>). The
+place of meeting was the Rossin House, Toronto. The gentlemen were
+accompanied by lady friends, a departure from the custom generally
+observed on similar festive occasions, that contributed greatly to the
+pleasure of the evening. The committee in charge of the arrangements was
+composed of Dr. J. B. Fraser (Chairman of Programme Committee),
+Professor W. H. Fraser, Messrs. G. B. Fraser, R. L. Fraser, Alexander
+Fraser (Fraserfield), Alexander R. Fraser, W. P. Fraser, Andrew Fraser,
+Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh), Chairman; and W. A. Fraser,
+Secretary. Those present were Rev. Dr. Mungo Fraser, Hamilton; Mr. W.
+Lewis Fraser, New York; Mr. Donald Fraser, Kingston; Mr. R. I. Fraser,
+Barrie; Mr. Andrew Fraser, Barrie; Messrs. Robert Lovat Fraser, George
+B. Fraser, and Miss Fraser; Professor W. H. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser; Dr.
+J. B. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser; Alexander Fraser (Fraserfield), Mrs.
+Fraser and Miss Kate Fraser; Alexander R. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser;
+Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh), Mrs. Fraser, Miss Fraser, Mrs.
+Georgina Fraser-Newhall, and Mrs. Ramsay; Mr. W. A. Fraser and Mrs.
+Fraser; Dr. Pyne and Mrs. Pyne; Alexander Fraser<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span> (Parkdale), and Miss
+Fraser; W. P. Fraser, Donald Fraser, Charles Fraser, Mrs. C. G. Fraser
+and Master Norman Fraser, James Fraser, Henry Sandham Fraser.</p>
+
+<p>Letters of regret at their inability to attend were read from Messrs. E.
+A. Fraser, Detroit; D. Fraser, Montreal; Ex-Mayor Fraser, Petrolea; O.
+K. Fraser, Brockville; A. Fraser, Hamilton; P. M. Fraser, St. Thomas;
+Rev. R. D. Fraser, Bowmanville; and Rev. Dr. J. B. Fraser, Annan.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh) presided, and the vice-chairs were
+occupied by Messrs. George B. Fraser and R. L. Fraser, and Mr. W. A.
+Fraser acted as Secretary.</p>
+
+<p>The after-dinner programme was interesting and varied. Besides the usual
+toasts it included the "Fraser's Drinking Song," composed by Mrs.
+Georgina Fraser-Newhall, and sung by Mrs. Alexander Fraser; readings by
+Prof. W. H. Fraser, bagpipe selections by Pipe-Major MacSwayed, and
+Highland dancing by Master Norman Fraser.</p>
+
+<p>The speeches contained a great deal of information regarding the Clan,
+and were very interesting. Most eloquent was the speech delivered by Mr.
+W. Lewis Fraser, of New York, who entered into the history of the Clan
+at considerable length; and that by Mrs. Georgina Fraser-Newhall, in
+response to the toast of her health.</p>
+
+<p>A group photograph was successfully taken of the company by the aid of a
+flash-light, which will remain a memento of a very pleasant gathering.</p>
+
+<p>Before dispersing the report of the Committee on the Organization of the
+Clan was read. It set forth that meetings had been held at which the
+Clan had been organized, and the annexed Constitution and By-laws
+prepared:</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 140px;">
+<img src="images/109_arms.jpg" width="140" height="145" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p class="center"><big>THE CLAN FRASER IN CANADA.</big><br />
+&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+(<i>Instituted May 5th, 1894.</i>)<br />
+&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS.<br />
+&nbsp;</p>
+
+
+<p>ARTICLE I.&mdash;<small><span class="smcap">Name.</span>&mdash;The name of this organization shall be: "The
+Clan Fraser in Canada."</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE II.&mdash;<small><span class="smcap">Objects.</span>&mdash;The objects of the Clan shall be:</small></p>
+
+<p><small>The cultivation of friendly intercourse and social relations among
+those bearing the surname "Fraser," and the promotion among its
+members of love for the Clan, and increased interest in its history
+and traditions:</small></p>
+
+<p><small>The collection of Clan records, traditions and anecdotes; of
+documents bearing upon the Clan history; of information relating to
+notable clansmen, especially with reference to the early history of
+the Clan in Canada; and the compilation of an album of portraits
+and biographical sketches of Clansmen in Canada:</small></p>
+
+<p><small>The furtherance of the interests of clansmen, whether in Scotland
+or in Canada, and the giving of such assistance to clansmen in need
+as may be within the power of the Clan.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE III.&mdash;<small><span class="smcap">Membership.</span>&mdash;Persons bearing the surname "Fraser," by
+birth or by marriage, shall be eligible for membership in the Clan.
+Honorary membership may be conferred on distinguished clansmen, or
+on persons, not clansmen, who have rendered conspicuous service to
+the Clan.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE IV.&mdash;<small><span class="smcap">Arms, Motto and Badge.</span>&mdash;The arms of the Clan Fraser in
+Canada shall be the same as those of the Clan proper, with the
+difference of a wreath of Canadian maple leaves intertwined (a
+fac-simile of which is impressed on this Constitution); the "Motto"
+and "Badge" shall be that of the Clan Fraser&mdash;motto, "Je Suis
+Prest"; badge, a sprig of yew&mdash;<i>Taxus Baccata</i>.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE V.&mdash;<small>(<i>a</i>) <span class="smcap">Executive Officers.</span>&mdash;The Executive Officers shall
+consist of a Chief, Chieftains (as hereinunder provided for),
+Secretary-Treasurer, Historians, Curator, and a Bard.</small></p>
+
+<p><small>(<i>b</i>)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Trustees and Councillors.</span>&mdash;There shall be three Trustees,
+six Councillors, a Pipe-Major and Pipers.</small></p>
+
+<p><small>(<i>c</i>)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Honorary Chief and Chieftains</span>.&mdash;The Chief of the Clan
+Fraser, "Mac-Shimi," shall be the Honorary Chief, and Honorary
+Chieftainship may be bestowed on clansmen who merit very high clan
+honor.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE VI.&mdash;<small><span class="smcap">Gatherings.</span>&mdash;The Clan shall gather once a year, on a
+day to be decided upon by the Executive Committee, for the
+transaction of business. That gathering shall be known as the
+Annual Business Meeting of the Clan. On the evening of the same day
+a Clan Dinner, or other form of Entertainment, shall take place.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE VII.&mdash;<small>At the Annual Business Meeting of the Clan the
+Executive Officers, Trustees, Councillors and Pipers, Honorary
+Chief (when vacant), and Honorary Chieftains (when Honorary
+Chieftainship is conferred), shall be elected; and the roll of
+members, prepared by the Executive Committee, shall be revised.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE VIII.&mdash;<small>The principle upon which Chieftains and Councillors
+shall be elected shall be as follows: The Province of Ontario shall
+be divided into five<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span> Districts, viz.: Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto,
+Hamilton and London, from each of which and from each of the other
+Provinces of Canada, a Chieftain shall be elected. A Chieftain may
+be also elected from each of the States of the American Union, as
+an interest in the Clan may be manifested. The Ontario Districts
+shall comprise the following counties:</small></p>
+
+<p><small><span class="smcap">Ottawa.</span>&mdash;Glengarry, Prescott, Stormont, Dundas, Grenville,
+Carleton, Russell, Renfrew.</small></p>
+
+<p><small><span class="smcap">Kingston.</span>&mdash;Addington, Lennox, Frontenac, Hastings, Prince Edward,
+Leeds, Lanark.</small></p>
+
+<p><small><span class="smcap">Toronto.</span>&mdash;Northumberland, Peterborough, Haliburton, Victoria,
+Durham, Ontario, Muskoka, Parry Sound, Nipissing, York, Peel,
+Toronto.</small></p>
+
+<p><small><span class="smcap">Hamilton.</span>&mdash;Wentworth, Lincoln, Welland, Brant, Waterloo, Simcoe,
+Dufferin, Grey, Wellington, Halton.</small></p>
+
+<p><small><span class="smcap">London.</span>&mdash;Middlesex, Elgin, Oxford, Norfolk, Haldimand, Kent,
+Lambton, Essex, Bruce, Huron, Perth.</small></p>
+
+<p><small>There shall be at least one Councillor elected to represent each
+District in Ontario.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE IX.&mdash;<small>The Executive Officers, Trustees and Councillors shall
+form a General Committee, which shall prepare the business for the
+Annual Meeting. The Executive Officers shall form the Executive
+Committee of the General Committee. The General Committee and the
+Executive Committee may appoint Sub-Committees with power to
+transact business on behalf of the Clan.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE X.&mdash;<small><span class="smcap">Duties of Officers.</span>&mdash;The <span class="smcap">Chief</span> shall preside at all the
+meetings of Committees, at the Annual Business Meeting, and at the
+Annual Entertainment of the Clan; in his absence the duties of the
+Chief shall devolve upon the <span class="smcap">Chieftains</span> in order of seniority, and
+in the absence of all of them the clansmen present shall elect a
+Chairman <i>pro tem</i>. The <span class="smcap">Secretary-Treasurer</span> shall keep a correct
+minute of the business transacted at the meetings of Committees and
+at the Annual Meeting of the Clan; he shall keep a roll of the
+membership of the Clan; with the Chief he shall convene the
+meetings, and shall conduct the correspondence and general business
+of the Clan; he shall submit his accounts to an audit annually or
+on the demand of the Executive Committee. The <span class="smcap">Historians</span> shall
+compile the Clan Album, and shall edit any papers containing
+information regarding the Clan or clansmen which may be secured for
+the Clan. The <span class="smcap">Curator</span> shall have the custody of all property
+belonging to the Clan, including papers and books not in use by the
+proper officers, and shall account for the same to the <span class="smcap">Trustees</span> in
+whom the property shall be vested on behalf of the Clan, and who
+shall submit a report of their stewardship to the Annual Meeting of
+the Clan.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE XI.&mdash;<small>The roll of membership shall be compiled by the
+Executive Committee, and shall be subject to revision at the Annual
+Business Meeting.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE XII.&mdash;<small>The officers shall wear insignia of office; and an
+officer holding the same office for three terms (not necessarily
+consecutively) shall become the possessor of the insignia as his
+own property.</small></p>
+
+<p>ARTICLE XIII.&mdash;<small>The Constitution and By-laws may be altered or
+amended at the Annual Business Meeting of the Clan, by a two-thirds
+vote of the membership, personally or by mandate; but notice of any
+such alteration of amendment in specific terms must be lodged with
+the Secretary-Treasurer at least two months before the date of the
+Annual Business Meeting so that members may be notified when the
+announcement of the Annual Business Meeting shall be made.</small></p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">BY-LAWS.</p>
+
+<p><small>1. The fee of membership shall be one dollar annually for
+gentlemen, and the sum of fifty cents for ladies and minors.</small></p>
+
+<p><small>2. The Annual Meeting of the Clan shall be held on a date to be
+decided upon by the Executive Committee; in deciding upon the date,
+however, the convenience of the greatest number of the membership
+shall be the chief consideration.</small></p>
+
+<p><small>3. Twelve members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
+business at the Annual Meeting.</small></p>
+
+<p><small>4. A member may be expelled from the Clan for a transgression of
+any of its rules, or any other sufficient cause. Notice of intended
+expulsion must be given to the Secretary-Treasurer, who shall lay
+it before the Executive Committee for report at the Annual Business
+Meeting, and to the member whom it is proposed to expel. Voting
+shall be by ballot, and a majority must vote "yea" before a member
+can be expelled. The annual revision of the roll of membership
+referred to in the Constitution, Article XI., shall in no way be
+understood to imply expulsion from membership.</small></p>
+
+<p><small>5. The following shall be the order of business: 1st. Reading of
+minutes of previous meeting; 2nd. Reading of communications and
+action thereon; 3rd. Unfinished business of previous meeting; 4th.
+New business; 5th. Election of officers; 6th. Adjournment.</small></p>
+
+<p><small>Signed on behalf of the Committee.</small></p>
+
+<p class="right"><small>ALEXANDER FRASER, <i>Chairman</i>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W. A. FRASER, <i>Secretary</i>.</small></p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p>The above Constitution and By-laws were duly adopted and ordered to be
+printed.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+<hr style="width: 20%;" />
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3>THE OFFICERS.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The following Officers were elected for the term 1895-'96:</p>
+
+<p class="smcen">
+<i>Honorary Chief</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Lord Lovat</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Honorary Chieftain</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Mr. Charles Fraser MacKintosh</span>, Inverness</p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Chief</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Mr. Alex. Fraser</span> (<span class="smcap">MacFhionnlaidh</span>), Toronto.</p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Chieftains</i>,</p>
+
+<p class="indent1">District of &nbsp;&nbsp;Ottawa: <span class="smcap">Mr. Alex. Fraser</span>, Westmeath.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kingston: <span class="smcap">Mr. Donald Fraser</span>, Kingston.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Toronto: <span class="smcap">Mr. G. B. Fraser</span>, Toronto.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hamilton: <span class="smcap">Rev. Dr. Mungo Fraser</span>, Hamilton.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;London: <span class="smcap">Ex-Mayor Fraser</span>, Petrolea.</p>
+
+<p class="indent1">Provinces&mdash;Maritime Provinces: <span class="smcap">D. C. Fraser</span>, M. P., New Glasgow, N.S.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Quebec: <span class="smcap">Mr. Donald Fraser</span>, Montreal.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Northwest Territories: <span class="smcap">Mr. J. G. Fraser</span>, Regina, N.W.T.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;British Columbia: <span class="smcap">Mr. W. Fraser</span>, Vancouver, B.C.</p>
+
+<p class="indent1">State of &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Michigan: <span class="smcap">Mr. E. A. Fraser</span>, Detroit, U.S.A.<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: <span class="smcap">Mr. W. Lewis Fraser</span>, New York.<br /></p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Councillors</i>,</p>
+
+<table summary="Councillors" width="40%" border="0">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">
+Ottawa:</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr">
+<span class="smcap">Mr. A. W. Fraser</span>, Ottawa.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">
+Kingston:</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr">
+<span class="smcap">Mr. O. K. Fraser</span>, Brockville.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">
+Toronto:</td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="bmouch"> {</span></td>
+<td class="tdr">
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Alex. Fraser</span> (Fraserfield), Toronto.<br />
+<span class="smcap">Dr. J. B. Fraser</span>, Toronto.
+</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">
+Hamilton:</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr">
+<span class="smcap">Mr. R. I. Fraser</span>, Barrie.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr">
+London:</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdr">
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Wm. Fraser</span>, of Port Stanley.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Secretary-Treasurer</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Mr. W. A. Fraser</span>, Toronto.</p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Chaplain</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Rev. Dr. Mungo Fraser</span>, Hamilton.</p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Historians</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Prof. W. H. Fraser</span> and <span class="smcap">Mr. Alex. Fraser</span>, Toronto.</p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Curator</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Mr. Alexander Fraser</span>, Toronto.</p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Trustees</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Messrs. R. L. Fraser</span>, Toronto; <span class="smcap">Abner Fraser</span>, Hamilton; <span class="smcap">A. G. Fraser</span>, London.</p>
+
+<p class="smcen"><i>Bard</i>,</p>
+<p class="smcen"><span class="smcap">Georgina Fraser-Newhall</span>, Omaha.</p>
+
+<p><br /></p><br />
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<h4>FOOTNOTES</h4>
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></a> It is but fair to state that Fraser's Highlanders showed no
+more ferocity than the usages of war justified. There were barbarous
+atrocities committed, undoubtedly, but for these, the Highlanders were
+not responsible.&mdash;A.F.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></a> See account by Rev. Allan Sinclair, A. M., in Celtic
+Magazine.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;This part of the speech, being of a general character, has
+been omitted for consideration of space.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;See sketch of his life later on.</p></div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+</div></div>
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Transcriber's Notes</b></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_7">7</a>&nbsp;  Page reference for "Constitution and By-laws of the Clan" corrected from "110" to "109".</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_20">20</a>&nbsp;  "the Emperor Charlemange" changed to "the Emperor Charlemagne"</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_30">30</a>&nbsp;  "the childdren of the chief," changed to "the children of the chief,"</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_39">39</a>&nbsp;  "whose sister Margaret was Malcom's Queen," changed to "whose sister Margaret was Malcolm's Queen,"</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_41">41</a>&nbsp;  "the Highlands of Scotlands," changed to "the Highlands of Scotland,"</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_100">100</a>&nbsp; "and built another house near a ake," changed to "and built another house near a lake,"</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_109">109</a>&nbsp; "motto, "Ju Suis Prest";" changed to "motto, "Je Suis Prest";"</p>
+
+<p>Inconsistencies in capitalization and spelling retained.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Clan Fraser in Canada, by Alexander Fraser
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+  </body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Clan Fraser in Canada, by Alexander Fraser
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Clan Fraser in Canada
+       Souvenir of the First Annual Gathering
+
+Author: Alexander Fraser
+
+Release Date: September 7, 2011 [EBook #37340]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CLAN FRASER IN CANADA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by James Wright and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Canada Team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net (This
+book was created from images of public domain material
+made available by the University of Toronto Libraries
+(http://link.library.utoronto.ca/booksonline/).)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration:
+       ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE CLAN FRASER,
+      With the Maple Leaf Entwined for Canada.]
+
+
+
+
+                                 THE
+                             CLAN FRASER
+                              IN CANADA
+
+                              Souvenir
+                               of the
+                       First Annual Gathering
+
+                       Toronto, May 5th, 1894.
+
+
+                                 BY
+                          ALEXANDER FRASER
+
+                          (MAC-FHIONNLAIDH)
+
+                              TORONTO:
+                        Mail Job Printing Co.
+                               1895.
+
+
+
+
+                           PREFATORY NOTE
+
+
+The chief object aimed at by the publication of this little volume is to
+furnish, in a concise and inexpensive form, information regarding the
+Clan Fraser not readily accessible to clansmen in Canada. It is also
+hoped a perusal of the contents will strengthen the clan sentiment, and
+deepen the interest in the ancient clan bond and in the long and
+illustrious history of the Clan. But the book being essentially an
+account of the first Annual Gathering held by the Clan in the Province
+of Ontario, it will be an interesting souvenir of that pleasant event;
+and probably the hope may not be too sanguine that its appearance will
+mark an onward step in the record of the Clan in the Dominion.
+
+The publication has been undertaken under the auspices of the
+newly-formed Clan Fraser in Canada, and the thanks of the editor are due
+to Professor W. H. Fraser, of Toronto University, and to Mr. Alexander
+Fraser (of Fraserfield, Glengarry), the Printing Committee of the Clan;
+also to Mr. J. Lewis Browne, for the music to which the "Fraser Drinking
+Song," written by Mrs. Georgina Fraser-Newhall, has been set.
+
+                                                                   A. F.
+Toronto, February, 1895.
+
+
+
+
+                                Contents.
+
+
+                                                                      PAGE.
+Introduction                                                             9
+      Fraser's Highlanders                                              11
+      Seventy-First Regiment                                            15
+      Fraser De Berry's Organization                                    16
+
+Formation of the Clan Fraser in Canada                                  21
+
+First Annual Clan Dinner                                                22
+
+Toast of "The Clan," containing references to:--
+      Origin of the Clan, Change of Surnames                            31
+      Origin of the Name "Fraser"--The Norman-French Theory             37
+      Mr. Skene's Position Criticised                                   39
+      The Bond between Lord Lovat and the Marquis de la Frezeliere      40
+      Scottish Origin of the Name                                       42
+      Mr. Homer Dixon's Argument                                        43
+      The Frasers in the Lowlands                                       45
+      The Clan Fraser Established in the Highlands                      49
+      Succession of the Chiefs                                          50
+      Alexander of Beaufort                                             56
+      Succession of the Strichen Family                                 58
+      A Curious Prediction                                              59
+
+Reply to the Toast                                                      62
+
+A Guest Honored                                                         65
+
+Toast of "The Clan in Canada."                                          67
+   "     "Distinguished Clansmen"                                       73
+          In Art                                                        74
+          In Science                                                    76
+          In Literature                                                 81
+          In Theology                                                   87
+          In War                                                        88
+          In Politics                                                   90
+
+Organization of the Clan                                                92
+
+Georgina Fraser-Newhall                                                 93
+
+Fraser's Drinking Song                                                  96
+
+Simon Fraser, Discoverer of the Fraser River                            98
+
+Simon Lord Lovat, Beheaded on Tower Hill                               103
+
+Brigadier Simon Fraser                                                 104
+
+Second Annual Dinner                                                   107
+
+Constitution and By-laws of the Clan                                   109
+
+List of Officers                                                       112
+
+Illustrations:
+      Frontispiece--Armorial Bearings of the Clan
+      Menu and Toast List Card                                          23
+      Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh)                                 33
+      Robert Lovat Fraser                                               63
+      Ex-Mayor John Fraser                                              75
+      William A. Fraser                                                 79
+      Georgina Fraser-Newhall                                           94
+      Simon, Fourteenth Lord Lovat                                     102
+      Brigadier Simon Fraser                                           105
+
+
+
+
+                           INTRODUCTORY
+
+
+The Gael has proved himself not less a pioneer of civilization, and
+adaptable to changing conditions of living, than a lover of the
+traditions of his race, holding tenaciously by ancient usages and
+manners, and stirred profoundly by racial sentiment. As a pioneer he has
+reached "the ends of the earth," possessing the unoccupied parts of the
+world. As a patriot he has established not a few of his cherished
+customs in the land of his adoption. His love of kindred is probably his
+most notable characteristic; it found embodiment in the clan system,
+under which his race achieved its greatest triumphs and enjoyed its
+greatest glories, and the bond of clanship, with its inspiring memories,
+the true clansman will never disregard. While the clan system, as such,
+would be impracticable in the British colonies under present-day
+conditions, even more so than in its old home in the Highlands of
+Scotland, its spirit lives, leavening the system of government and
+exercising no small influence in the fusion of heterogeneous elements
+into new and distinct peoples.
+
+These observations are applicable in a peculiar degree to Canada, where
+a very large number of clansmen have found a second Highland home. Many
+of the forests which rang with the clash of the claymore in the struggle
+for British supremacy, fell afterwards to the axe of the Gaelic settler.
+His trail lies across the continent, from ocean to ocean. His energy and
+intelligence have been honorably felt in every walk of life, and his
+enterprise and skill have done much to develop and upbuild the Dominion.
+No body of people occupies a more distinguished place in this respect
+than the Frasers; indeed, even among the clans, no name is more closely
+identified than that of "Fraser" with the early days of Canada. To tell
+of their services on the field, in government, in commerce, in the
+professions, would occupy a large volume, as would a similar story of
+other clans, and an attempt to do so, in an introductory chapter, would
+be altogether out of place, but there are a few events of importance to
+the country in which the Frasers figured to which it will be well to
+allude with fitting brevity.
+
+Those who hold the Norman theory believe the first of the name of
+"Fraser" in Scotland, "came over with William the Conqueror," and they
+ask no better proof of the antiquity of the name. If the early
+connection of the Clan with Canada be any satisfaction to clansmen
+there, then it may be stated with truth that the first settlers of the
+name "came over with Wolfe the Conqueror," and their services were as
+conspicuous in the military operations conducted by the intrepid young
+General, who gave his life for his country on the Plains of Abraham, as
+were those performed by any brave knight, whose name may be found on the
+roll of Battle Abbey.
+
+The story of Fraser's Highlanders forms one of the most romantic
+chapters in the annals of the clans, and should the time come when it
+is fairly and fully given to the world, it will prove a valuable
+addition to the history of Highland life and of early Canada.
+
+For the part taken by the Clan in the uprising of 1745, Lord Simon was
+beheaded on Tower Hill and the Fraser estates were forfeited to the
+Crown. The Master of Lovat appeared at the head of the Clan on the
+Stuart side; but, as he was young at the time and had acted by his
+father's command, he was pardoned, and in 1757, in accordance with the
+wise, conciliatory policy of Mr. Pitt, he was commissioned to raise a
+regiment of his clansmen, of which he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel
+commanding. In General Stewart's Sketches a brief but interesting
+account of this, the old Seventy-Eighth Regiment, is given, an extract
+from which will show the strength of the clan ties then existing, and
+the high character of the men who were raised on the Lovat territory.
+General Stewart says: "Without estate, money or influence, beyond that
+influence which flowed from attachment to his family, person and name,
+this gentleman (the Master of Lovat), in a few weeks found himself at
+the head of 800 men, recruited by himself. The gentlemen of the country
+and the officers of the regiment added more than 700, and thus a
+battalion was formed of 13 companies of 105 rank and file each, making
+in all 1,460 men, including 65 sergeants and 30 pipers and drummers."
+All accounts concur in describing this regiment as a superior body of
+men; their character and actions raised the military reputation and gave
+a favorable impression of the moral virtues of the sons of the
+mountains. The uniform was the full Highland dress, with musket and
+broadsword, dirk and sporran of badger's or otter's skin. The bonnet was
+raised or cocked on one side, with a slight bend inclining down to the
+right ear, over which were suspended two or more black feathers.
+
+The regiment embarked at Greenock, and landed at Halifax in June, 1757,
+and followed the fortunes of the war for six years. "On all occasions,"
+says Stewart, "this brave body of men sustained a uniform character for
+unshaken firmness, incorruptible probity and a strict regard both to
+military and moral duties." Their chaplain was a man of note as of
+stature. His name was Robert Macpherson, but he was known in the
+regiment as _An Caipeal Mor_, being of large physique. He exercised the
+traditional authority of a Highland minister, and we are told that the
+men were always anxious to conceal their misdemeanors from him.
+
+The cold climate, it was feared, would prove too severe to the Frasers,
+who wore the kilt, and an attempt, kindly conceived, no doubt, was made
+to change the "garb of old Gaul" for the trews. The proposal aroused
+strenuous opposition; officers and men opposed the change and finally
+were successful. The strength of feeling awakened may be judged from the
+words of one of the soldiers in the regiment: "Thanks to our generous
+chief, we were allowed to wear the garb of our fathers, and, in the
+course of six winters, showed the doctors that they did not understand
+our constitution; for in the coldest winters our men were more healthy
+than those regiments that wore breeches and warm clothing." A somewhat
+amusing anecdote is related of how the Nuns of the Ursuline Convent,
+where the Frasers were quartered in 1759-60, endeavored to induce
+Governor Murray to be allowed to provide sufficient raiment for the
+kilted soldiers, but, of course, without success.
+
+At Louisburg, Montmorenci, Ste. Foye and on the Plains of Abraham, the
+Frasers distinguished themselves greatly. One of the most eloquent
+tributes to their prowess was spoken by the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, the
+French-Canadian, at the inauguration in 1855 of the Statue of Bellona
+sent by Prince Napoleon for the monument erected on the famous
+battlefield. The French-Canadian historian Garneau, and other writers in
+whose veins courses the blood of the vanquished at Quebec, have borne
+generous testimony to their military bearing and good conduct. Garneau
+writes of the battle of Carillon, 1758: "It was the right of the trench
+works that was longest and most obstinately assailed; in that quarter
+the combat was most sanguinary. The British Grenadiers and Highlanders
+there persevered in the attack for three hours, without flinching or
+breaking rank. The Highlanders above all, under Lord John Murray,
+covered themselves with glory. They formed the troops confronting the
+Canadians, their light and picturesque costumes distinguishing them from
+all other soldiers amid the flames and smoke. The corps lost the half of
+its men, and twenty-five of its officers were killed or severely
+wounded;" and the genial Le Moine, half Highland and half French, says:
+"The Frasers of 1759 and of 1775 readily courted danger or death in that
+great duel which was to graft progress and liberty on that loved emblem
+of Canada, the pride of its forests--the Maple Tree. If at times one
+feels pained at the ferocity which marked the conflict and which won for
+Fraser's Highlanders at Quebec, the name _Les Sauvages d'Ecosse_,[1] one
+feels relieved, seeing that the meeting was inevitable, that the sturdy
+sons of Caledonia, in Levis' heroic Grenadiers, did find a foe worthy
+of their steel. Scotchmen, on the field of Ste. Foye, in deadly
+encounter with France's impetuous warriors, doubtless acknowledged that
+the latter were not unworthy descendants of those whom they had helped
+to rout England's soldiery on the fields of Brange, Crevant and
+Verneuil."
+
+[Footnote 1: It is but fair to state that Fraser's Highlanders showed no
+more ferocity than the usages of war justified. There were barbarous
+atrocities committed, undoubtedly, but for these, the Highlanders were
+not responsible.--A.F.]
+
+At the close of the war many of the officers and men settled in the
+Provinces of Quebec and Nova Scotia, having obtained their discharge and
+grants of land in the New World. It was not long ago computed that the
+descendants of these Highlanders in the Province of Quebec numbered
+3,000, but merged in the French-Canadian peasantry to such an extent
+that even the names have lost their original form. In Nova Scotia the
+name Fraser flourishes in every township of every county. There have
+been many accessions to the Clan since the days of the Seventy-Eighth
+and the Battle of the Plains, but at least four-fifths of those bearing
+the Clan name in Canada to-day, trace their descent from the victorious
+clansmen of Cape Breton and Quebec.
+
+On the outbreak of the American War the Royal Highland Emigrants were
+embodied, and in that regiment, commanded by the gallant Lieut.-Colonel
+Allan MacLean (son of Torloisk), 300 men who had belonged to Fraser's
+regiment enlisted. In the interval between the cession of Canada and the
+American War, the Lovat estates were restored to the Master of Lovat,
+for his eminent services (the title was kept in abeyance), and he was
+asked to raise a regiment, the Seventy-First, of two battalions. This he
+speedily accomplished and soon found himself at the head of a double
+regiment numbering 2,340 officers and men. They behaved with the highest
+distinction throughout the war and earned flattering encomiums from the
+commanding officers. General Stewart, than whom no more competent
+authority has written of Highland regiments, and but few who have
+understood Highland character better, whose Sketches have furnished
+facts to all subsequent writers on the subject, speaks of the
+Seventy-First, Fraser's Highlanders, thus: "Their moral conduct was in
+every way equal to their military character. Disgraceful punishments
+were unknown. Among men religious, brave, moral and humane, disgraceful
+punishments are unnecessary. Such being the acknowledged general
+character of these men, their loyalty was put to the test and proved to
+be genuine. When prisoners, and solicited by the Americans to join their
+standard and settle among them, not one individual violated the oath he
+had taken, or forgot his fidelity or allegiance, a virtue not generally
+observed on that occasion, for many soldiers of other corps joined the
+Americans, and sometimes, indeed, entered their service in a body." The
+Seventy-First did not leave many behind as settlers, and the reference
+to it here is only permissible as illustrating the high character of the
+Clan, of which the Seventy-Eighth, which left its quota of settlers
+behind, formed an important part. General Simon Fraser's intimate
+connection with Canada, as commanding officer of Fraser's Highlanders
+(1757), and in other interesting respects, may suffice as a reason why a
+good anecdote of him may be here related. When the Seventy-First
+mustered at Glasgow, Lochiel was absent, being ill at London. His
+absence had not, evidently, been explained to his company, for they
+demurred to embark without their chief; they feared some misfortune had
+befallen him. General Fraser had a command of eloquent speech and he
+succeeded in persuading them to embark with their comrades. It is
+related that while he was speaking in Gaelic to the men, an old
+Highlander, who had accompanied his son to Glasgow, was leaning on his
+staff gazing at the General with great earnestness. When he had
+finished, the old man walked up to him and, with that easy familiar
+intercourse, which in those days subsisted between the Highlanders and
+their superiors, shook him by the hand, exclaiming "Simon, you are a
+good soldier, and speak like a man; so long as you live, Simon of Lovat
+will never die;" alluding to the General's address and manner, which was
+said to resemble much that of his father, Lord Lovat, whom the old
+Highlanders knew perfectly.
+
+
+                       THE DE BERRY ORGANIZATION.
+
+We have now seen the origin of the Frasers in Canada; they came in war,
+but the swords were readily turned into ploughshares, and the arts of
+peace cultivated with a constancy and success that equalled their
+intrepidity and valor on the battlefield. Years rolled on, the Clan
+multiplied and prospered, and, in the course of time, a project was
+entered upon for the formation of a new Clan Fraser on Canadian soil.
+The leading spirit of the movement was the Hon. John Fraser de Berry, a
+member for the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec. A meeting
+of Frasers was held in response to the following public advertisement:
+
+                             FRASER CLAN.
+
+     THE FRASERS of the Province of Quebec are respectfully requested to
+     meet at the office of Messrs. THOMAS FRASER & CO., at the Lower
+     Town, Quebec, on SATURDAY, the twenty-fifth day of January, 1868,
+     at TEN o'clock A.M., to take into consideration the advisability of
+     organizing the "CLAN" for the Dominion of Canada.
+
+                    JOHN FRASER DE BERRY,   A. FRASER,
+                    A. FRASER, SR.,         A. FRASER, JR.,
+                    J. R. FRASER,           FRED. FRASER,
+JANUARY 21, 1868.   JOHN FRASER,            J. FRASER.
+
+At this meeting preliminary steps were taken to further the object in
+view, and another meeting was held on February 8th, 1868, of which the
+following report has been taken from the _Quebec Mercury_:
+
+At a meeting of the "Frasers" of the Province of Quebec, held at Mrs.
+Brown's City Hotel, on the 8th February, 1868, Alexander Fraser, Esq.,
+notary, ex-Member for the County of Kamouraska, now resident in Quebec,
+in the chair; Mr. Omer Fraser, of St. Croix, acting as Secretary.
+
+1. It was unanimously resolved:
+
+That it is desirable that the family of "Frasers" do organize themselves
+into a clan with a purely and benevolent social object, and, with that
+view, they do now proceed to such organization by recommending the
+choice of
+
+    A Chief for the Dominion of Canada;
+    A Chief for each province;
+    A Chief for each electoral division;
+    A Chief for each county;
+    A Chief for each locality and township.
+
+2. That the Chief of the Dominion of Canada be named "The Fraser," and
+that he be chosen at a general meeting of the Frasers of all the
+provinces; the said meeting to be held on the second Thursday in the
+month of May next, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, in such place in the
+City of Ottawa as will then be designated.
+
+3. That it is desirable that the Chief of the Province of Quebec and the
+Chiefs of the electoral divisions represented at said meeting be chosen
+forthwith; and that the Chief elected for this province be authorized
+and empowered to name the Chiefs for such divisions as are not
+represented at present, the said selection shall, however, be subject to
+the approbation of the Frasers of the division interested, who will
+make the same known at a meeting to be called without delay, by the
+Chief of the Province of Quebec, with the view to proceed to the
+nomination of the Chiefs of counties comprehended in the said division.
+
+4. That Chiefs of counties be obliged to convene also without delay, a
+meeting by which shall be chosen all the Chiefs of parishes or
+townships.
+
+5. That it shall be the duty of the Chief chosen for a parish or
+township to report to the Chief of his county as early as possible, the
+number of Frasers residing in his parish or township; and of the Chief
+of the county in his town, to report to the Chief of his electoral
+division, who will transmit it, together with his own report, to the
+Chief of his province; the said report to contain the number of Frasers
+in his division, in order that the force of the Clan in each province
+may be ascertained on the 14th of May next, at the meeting at Ottawa.
+
+6. That it is advisable that the meeting at Ottawa, representing all the
+Clan, be composed of all its divers Chiefs from the Chiefs of provinces,
+even to the Chiefs of parishes or townships inclusively, and any other
+Frasers who may desire to attend at the same.
+
+7. That the above resolutions and the nominations, which are to take
+place this day, or which may be made hereafter by the Chief of the
+province, shall be considered as preliminary and temporary, as they are
+made with the sole object of organizing the Clan, and not to bind in any
+manner whatever the Frasers, who will be at perfect liberty to
+reorganize themselves completely anew at the Ottawa meeting.
+
+8. That the Clan shall not be considered to exist until and after the
+next anniversary or Dominion Day, the first of July next, under such
+rules and regulations as will be adopted at the meeting at Ottawa; the
+Frasers of this meeting protest energetically against any intention,
+which might be attributed to them, of dictating their will to their
+namesakes of this province; they are simply attempting to organize and
+with a benevolent object, to adopt temporarily the above resolutions the
+better to attain that end.
+
+9. That the sister provinces of Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
+be respectfully requested to organize themselves, and to send delegates
+to the meeting at Ottawa, on the fourteenth of May next, that time
+having been selected because in all probability the parliament will
+still be in session, and the members may attend the session before
+dispersing.
+
+10. That all proceedings be respectfully submitted to the "Fraser"
+family, which is one of the most ancient, one of the most noble, one of
+the most influential, and one of the most numerous families of the
+Dominion of Canada.
+
+11. That all the newspapers throughout the Dominion of Canada, who have
+subscribers of the name of Fraser, are requested to publish the
+proceedings of this meeting.
+
+After which the meeting proceeded to the nomination of the following
+officers, who were unanimously elected:
+
+I. To be the Chief of the Province of Quebec:
+
+The Honorable JOHN FRASER DE BERRY, Esquire, one of the members of the
+Legislative Council of the said Province, etc., being the fifty-eighth
+descendant of Jules de Berry, a rich and powerful lord (seigneur) who
+feasted sumptuously the Emperor Charlemagne, and his numerous suite, at
+his castle in Normandy, in the eighth century.
+
+II. For the following electoral divisions:
+
+_Lauzon_,--THOMAS FRASER, Esquire, farmer, of Pointe Levis.
+
+_Kennebec_,--SIMON FRASER, Esquire, of St. Croix.
+
+_De la Durantaye_,--ALEXANDER FRASER, Esquire, farmer, of St. Vallier.
+
+_Les Laurentides_,--WILLIAM FRASER, Esquire, of Lake St. John,
+Chicoutimi.
+
+_Grandville_,--JEAN ETIENNE FRASER, Esquire, Notary.
+
+_Green Island Stadacona_,--ALEXANDER FRASER, Esquire, Notary, St. Roch,
+Quebec.
+
+The meeting having voted thanks to the President and Secretary, then
+adjourned.
+
+                                              ALEX. FRASER,
+                                                         _President_.
+
+                                               OMER FRASER,
+                                                         _Secretary_.
+
+There was a good response to the call for the general meeting, letters
+having been sent broadcast over the Dominion. As chief of the Frasers of
+British North America, the Hon. James Fraser de Ferraline, in the
+Province of Nova Scotia, was elected. He was a scion of the Ferraline
+and Gorthlic families of the Clan. One hundred and eleven subordinate
+chieftains of provinces and districts were elected and Mr. John Fraser
+de Berry was appointed Secretary to the "New Clan Fraser," as it was
+called. For various reasons, chief among them being, probably, its
+elaborate constitution and the intangible purposes for which it was
+called into existence, the organization did not make satisfactory
+headway and in the course of not many years it failed to attract any
+public attention whatever, and ceased to exist. In its brief career it
+gathered some interesting information about the clansmen. In a report
+drawn up by the Secretary, De Berry, whose exertions on its behalf were
+unwearying, it is stated that there were then over 12,000 persons, men,
+women and children of the name Fraser, some speaking French, not one of
+whom was a day laborer, or "earning daily wages," but all in comfortable
+circumstances, many in positions of honour and trust.
+
+
+
+
+                FORMATION OF THE CLAN FRASER IN CANADA
+
+
+Although Mr. John Fraser de Berry's scheme failed it was believed that
+there was room for a less pretentious and more practicable clan
+organization in Canada. There was little diminution of the clan feeling;
+the desire of those having the same origin and name, the same glorious
+clan history, in common, to enjoy a friendly intercourse, was natural
+and reasonable, and at length it assumed a practical form. Early in the
+spring of 1894 a meeting was held in the office of the _Toronto Daily
+Mail_, at which there were present: Messrs. George B. Fraser, commission
+agent; Robert Lovat Fraser, barrister; Alexander R. Fraser, druggist;
+Dr. J. B. Fraser, physician; Alexander Fraser (of Fraserfield,
+Glengarry), Secretary to the Boiler Inspection Company; W. H. Fraser,
+Professor of Languages at the Toronto University; W. A. Fraser, civil
+engineer and contractor; W. P. Fraser, clerk, Dominion Bank; Andrew
+Fraser, commercial traveller; and Alexander Fraser, of the editorial
+staff of the _Daily Mail_. The last named, descended from the Clan Mhic
+Fhionnlaidh sept of the Struy Frasers, was appointed chairman of the
+meeting and Mr. W. A. Fraser, also descended from good Strathglass
+stock, was appointed Secretary. All agreed that a clan organization
+ought to be formed and as a first step it was thought well to test the
+feeling of the clansmen at a family dinner, which it was decided should
+be held on May 5th, 1894. Those present formed themselves into a
+committee to make arrangements for holding the dinner and the chairman
+and secretary of the meeting were appointed chairman and secretary of
+the committee. Invitations were sent to every member of the Clan in
+Ontario, Montreal, New York, Buffalo and Detroit, whose name the
+committee was able to procure, and about three hundred replies were
+received, in which, without exception, an earnest hope for the success
+of the proposed organization was expressed. The dinner took place as had
+been decided upon, on May 5th, 1894, at Webb's Restaurant, Toronto, and
+an account of the proceedings will now be given.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration of Menu cover:
+
+"MOR FHAICH"
+
+CLAN FRASER
+IN
+CANADA,
+
+FIRST
+ANNUAL DINNER
+
+MAY 5th
+1894]
+
+
+_A chuirm sgaoilte; chuaias an ceol
+   Ard sholas a'n talia nan triath._--OISEAN.
+
+
+Menu
+
+
+Soup.
+
+Scotch Broth.
+
+
+Fish.
+
+Boiled Sea Salmon from the Cruives of Lovat.
+Sgadan beag Poll-a-Roid. Pomme Natural, Anchovy Sauce.
+Bread and Butter Rolled.
+
+
+Entrees.
+
+HAGGIS
+PUNCH A LA ROMAIN.
+
+
+Joints.
+
+Roast Beef. Spring Lamb.
+
+
+Vegetables.
+
+Mashed Potatoes. Asparagus. French Peas.
+
+
+Entremets.
+
+Fraser Pudding.
+
+Curds and Cream. Oat Cakes. Assorted Fine Cakes.
+
+Shortbread. Cheese. Biscuits. Radishes.
+
+Neapolitan Ice Cream. Nuts. Figs. Dates.
+
+
+FRUITS. COFFEE.
+
+
+"_Smeorach Stratharaigeig; uiseag an urlair._"--SEAN-FHOCAI.
+
+Toast List
+
+
+1.                        The Queen.
+
+"She wrought her people lasting good."
+
+
+2.                        The Chief.
+
+"Tostamaid ar ceann a cinnidh;
+ Mac-Shimi mor na Morfhaich."
+
+"Master, go on, and I will follow thee
+ To the last gasp, with truth and loyalty."
+
+Bagpipe Music--"Morar Sim."
+
+
+3.                         The Clan.
+
+"I tell you a thing sickerly,
+ That yon men will win or die;
+ For doubt of deid they sall not flee."
+
+  "'N uair 'thig an cinneadh Frisealach,
+   Tha fios gur daoine borb iad."
+
+Bagpipe Music--"Caisteal Dunaidh."
+
+
+4.                        Our Guests.
+
+"Sir, you are very welcome to our house."
+
+Bagpipe Music--"Aird Mhic-Shimi."
+
+"Highland Fling," by Master Norman Fraser.
+
+
+5.                    The Clan in Canada.
+
+"Kindred alike, where'er our skies may shine,
+ Where'er our sight first drank the vital morn."
+
+Bagpipe Music--"Fhuair Mac-Shimi air ais an Oighearachd."
+
+
+6.                  Distinguished Clansmen.
+
+"Of singular integrity and learning,
+ Yea, the elect o' the land."
+
+(_a_) In Art; (_b_) in Science; (_c_) in Literature;
+(_d_) in Theology; (_e_) in War; (_f_) in Political Life.
+
+
+7.                        The Ladies.
+
+"Disguise our bondage as we will,
+ 'Tis woman, woman, rules us still."
+
+    "And when a lady's in the case,
+     You know, all other things give place."
+
+
+8.                     Deoch an Doruis.
+
+_Air (fonn) "Clementine."_
+
+Deoch an doruis, deoch an doruis,
+Deoch an doruis, 's i tha ann;
+Deoch an doruis, sguab as i,
+Cha'n eil Mac-na-Bracha gann.
+
+Auld Lang Syne. God Save the Queen.
+
+The bagpipe music will be furnished by Mr. Robert Ireland, Pipe
+Major of the 48th Highlanders, Toronto.
+
+[Illustration of Clan device of targe and crossed swords]
+
+
+                           THE CLAN DINNER.
+
+
+Although the number that sat around the festive board was much smaller
+than had been expected, the elements requisite for a successful
+gathering were strongly in evidence, and, as a matter of fact, the
+inaugural dinner of the Clan turned out to be a most satisfactory event.
+Many of the absentees had conveyed good reasons for their absence, and
+hearty greetings to the assembled company. From a large number of
+letters it would be difficult to make a selection for the reader and the
+demands of space would prevent it, although some of them are really
+worth reproducing. Of special interest were the letters from Messrs. O.
+K. Fraser, Brockville; John Fraser, Wm. Lewis Fraser and Thomas Fraser,
+New York; P. M. Fraser, St. Thomas; Donald Fraser, Windsor; R. J.
+Fraser, Barrie; R. M. Fraser, Goderich; Rev. R. D. Fraser, Bowmanville;
+Rev. J. B. Fraser, M.D., Annan; John Fraser, Montreal; W. G. Fraser,
+Buffalo; Hon. Christopher Finlay Fraser, and B. Homer Dixon, K.N.L.,
+Toronto; the last named a Fraser on the maternal side and a gentleman
+deeply versed in the history of the Clan.
+
+The dining hall presented a very attractive appearance. The table was
+made beautiful with a tastefully arranged and selected display of
+flowers and plants, and appropriate to the occasion there were stags'
+heads on the walls, and the Fraser Clan tartan draped the pillars,
+doorway and windows. There were a number of articles of interest sent by
+friends, such as finely executed mezzo-tint pictures of Simon Lord
+Lovat, beheaded in 1747, and of Brigadier Simon Fraser, the hero of
+Saratoga; and a water-color of the Clan arms, from Mr. B. Homer Dixon; a
+map of Inverness-shire, showing the Clan possessions at various stages
+of its history, with the lands in the hands of cadets of the Clan, a
+life-size copy of Hogarth's picture of Simon Lord Lovat, the "last of
+the martyrs," a life-size copy of an engraving of Sir Alexander Fraser
+of Phillorth, founder of the University of Fraserburgh, sent by the
+Chairman.
+
+The menu card, a copy of which has been reproduced for this volume, will
+be found to have been a clever effort of the artist, Mr. W. A. Fraser,
+Secretary of Committee. A representation of the Falls of Foyers is
+given on the cover, and on the last page a celtic armorial device
+surrounded by the names of a number of old Fraser estates.
+
+The Chairman was Mr. Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh); and the
+vice-chairs were occupied by Mr. Robert Lovat Fraser, Barrister,
+Toronto, and ex-Mayor Fraser of Petrolea. A picture of the company is
+given on another page, which will form an interesting reminiscence of
+the happy gathering. From the picture, the face of one who was present
+at the dinner is unfortunately absent, that of Mr. Henry Sandham Fraser,
+and that of Mr. Wm. Fraser, of whom a brief notice is given on another
+page, appears, although he was not present, as he would have been were
+it not that he was just then stricken down with illness, to which, not
+long afterwards, he succumbed. The dinner was excellently served, and
+then came the toast list with the speeches. The first toast was that of:
+
+
+                             "THE QUEEN."
+
+The Chairman in proposing the health of the Queen said:--Our Clan has
+invariably been a loyal one, even in the rising which terminated so
+fatally on the battlefield of Culloden, the Clan Fraser took part,
+believing that they were striking a blow for the rightful king. I am
+sure we all agree that no sovereign has ever held sway over the British
+Empire who is more worthy of the regard of men of Highland blood than
+Her Majesty Queen Victoria. She who has given so many proofs of regard
+for the Highland people is beloved by them in return. Her volumes of her
+life in the Highlands, one of which has been well translated into Gaelic
+and the other indifferently so, bear testimony to the deep interest with
+which she regards that portion of her ancient kingdom of Scotland, to
+which we lay claim as our native land. She has gone in and out among the
+peasantry and gentry with perfect confidence in their loyalty and in
+their attachment to her person. She surrounded herself by faithful
+Highlanders, and their services to her, whether in the household or in
+positions of public preferment, have been uniformly of a high character
+and invariable success. That she may long live and rule in the hearts of
+her people, no body of men can wish more strongly than this company that
+has given to her name its just place of honor at the head of the toast
+list.
+
+The toast was cordially honored.
+
+
+                             "THE CHIEF."
+
+The Chairman next proposed the toast of the Chief. He said: It is stated
+that a man of the name of Cameron, who had fought at the Battle of
+Falkirk with the Royal Army, his clan being on the side of the Prince,
+joined his kinsmen after the battle, but still wore the Royal uniform in
+the bonnet of which there was a cockade. Lord Kilmarnock, coming up and
+seeing an armed Royalist, as he thought, suspected danger to the Prince,
+and in an altercation he snatched the cockade from the soldier's hat and
+trampled upon it. This aroused the ire of the Camerons who saw their
+comrade maltreated, and they resented Kilmarnock's interference, saying,
+"No Colonel nor General in the Prince's army can take that cockade out
+of the hat of a Cameron except Lochiel himself." I mention this incident
+as affording a good example of the bond of fealty by which the clansman
+was held to his chief. To him the chief was supreme in all things. He
+was not only the head of his family, but the provider and protector of
+the clan. His authority he derived from his position, his position he
+secured, sometimes by the good-will of the clan, but generally on
+account of birth. The clansmen considered themselves as the children of
+the chief, and the system demanded that they subordinate themselves to
+his rule. Without a chief or his substitute there could be no organized
+clan, and it is rightly understood how important was his position under
+the clan system. Chiefs of our Clan proved themselves to be worthy of
+the position, as a rule, and Simon Joseph, Lord Lovat, the young
+nobleman who now holds the chiefship, already gives promise of
+faithfully following in the footsteps of his forefathers. At the
+celebration of his majority, not long ago, there was a considerable
+gathering of clansmen and others to do him honor, and the manner in
+which he performed his part as host on that occasion is an augury of a
+distinguished future. It is said that he shows a deep interest in the
+welfare of his people, that he is a young man of highly patriotic
+feelings, and, as his sphere of usefulness is a wide one, he, no doubt,
+will have ample opportunity of filling the highest expectations of the
+Clan. Following the traditions of his house he has entered the army,
+and, should he decide to follow arms as a profession, no doubt the
+military genius of his race, bequeathed to him through a long line of
+ancestors, will win for him honorable distinction as a soldier. I now
+ask you to charge your glasses and to drink to the health of our young
+chief with Highland honors.
+
+The toast was drunk with Highland honors; the company singing "He's a
+Jolly Good Fellow," after which the piper played the Clan welcome,
+"Morar Sim."
+
+Mrs. Charles Gordon Fraser was at this stage introduced, and her little
+boy, Master Norman Fraser, attired in Highland costume, gave a spirited
+and clever execution of the Highland fling, for which he was
+enthusiastically cheered.
+
+
+                             "THE CLAN."
+
+The Chairman proposed the next toast, that of the Clan. He said:--In
+rising to propose the toast of the evening, my first duty, it seems to
+me, is to express my sense of the great honor done me by my clansmen in
+asking me to preside over the first family dinner of the Clan in this
+Province. Many there be with us, who, from age and distinction and
+fitness in every respect, ought to have come before me, and who would
+have done greater honor to the position on such an occasion as this,
+than I can hope to do, even with your kind indulgence. The rather active
+part it has been my privilege to take in bringing about this happy
+gathering may have suggested your choice, and should I be right in this
+conjecture, that fact but deepens the feeling with which I regard the
+honor. But a still more arduous duty laid upon me was to give the toast
+of the evening, that of "The Clan." I can assure you it required all the
+courage I could muster to undertake the task. The motto of the Clan was
+held up to me, but I did not forget that _Je suis prest_ ought to be the
+corollary of _Paratus sum_, and I fear that but few could step into the
+breach and do full justice to the great Clan Fraser. In assigning the
+toast, moreover, the request was made that I should give as much
+information regarding the Clan, as could well be packed into a speech,
+even if the limit of time should have to be extended over that which is
+usually allowable for an after dinner effort; but, as I understand the
+information is intended for a wider circle of clansmen than is here, I
+feel assured of your patience and forbearance while I struggle through
+a narrative, the length of which under other circumstances would have
+been an unpardonable breach of good taste.
+
+The clan system holds an intermediate position between the patriarchal
+and feudal systems. It is sometimes confused with the former, more
+rarely with the latter. The feudal lordship, in its genius and scope of
+operation, was diametrically opposed to the salient characteristics of
+the clan system. The distinctions need not be enlarged upon here, let it
+suffice to draw attention to the fact that clanship was a distinct form
+of government, under well recognized and applied principles. In modern
+literature we find the characteristic most emphasized to be the loyalty
+with which the clansman followed and served his chief, as in the words
+of the quotation on our toast list, "Master, go on and I will follow
+thee, to the last gasp, with truth and loyalty." That truth and loyalty,
+however, was not born of a servile, but of a highly patriotic feeling,
+for the bond which united chief and clansman was that of kindred and
+common interest, and not of hire and servitude. This explains why a
+people so highly sensitive, fiery and impetuous as the Celts, gave such
+loyal and perfect allegiance to the chief of the clan.
+
+[Illustration: ALEXANDER FRASER (_Mac-Fhionnlaidh_)
+CHAIRMAN.]
+
+Since the fact that we were to hold a clan gathering got abroad, I have
+been asked for information regarding the origin of the clans in the
+Highlands. How these clans were first established authentic history does
+not record with clearness. We are left in the task of unravelling the
+origin of the clans to meagre allusions in classical writings, in
+genealogies which, to some extent at least, are mythical, and to
+tradition, ever changing with the progress of the centuries. There can
+be no question that many of the clans grew gradually from the native
+population after the consolidation of the Scottish Kingdom. We know that
+tribes, some bearing names of modern clans, existed in what may be
+described as prehistoric times, in the ordinary acceptation of that
+term, in that part of Scotland north of the Forth and Clyde. Amongst
+these were the Bissets, the Fentons of the Aird, and others, whose names
+still survive in the County of Inverness, and who must have to some
+extent merged into the Fraser Clan, by adopting the name of the lord of
+the manor. I do not like to quote John Hill Burton as an authority,
+prejudiced, as he manifestly is, and unfair, as a rule, when dealing
+with the Highlands and the Celts, but a passage from his unreliable Life
+of Simon, Lord Lovat, will show how a surname may impose itself on a
+community and how clans have been, to some extent, constituted. He says:
+"In some instances the foreign family adopted a purely Celtic patronymic
+from the name of the sept of which they were the leaders. In other
+cases, such as the Gordons and Frasers, the sept, probably absorbing
+various small tribes and admitting to its bosom many stray members
+owning strange varieties of Gaelic names, took the name of the leader;
+hence we find the purest Gaelic spoken by people enjoying the Norman
+names of a Gordon or a Cumin. But, whether the imported lord of the soil
+adopted the name of the tribe or the tribe that of their lord, the
+unyielding influence of old national customs and peculiarities
+prevailed, and their families gradually adapted themselves in speech and
+method of life to the people over whom they held sway." This principle
+holds good in the case of the composite Fraser Clan, and a curious
+example is afforded by an extract from the Allangrange MS., with respect
+to the Rev. Wm. Fraser, of Kilmorack, published in that repository of
+Highland lore, the Celtic Magazine:--
+
+"Bishop Hay, maternal uncle to Agnes Lovat, carried away by Kenneth
+Mackenzie (a Bhlair), Seventh Baron of Kintail, when he sent away his
+first wife Margaret, daughter of John, Earl of Ross, advised Kenneth and
+the lady's friends that a commission should be sent to the Pope in 1491
+to procure the legitimation of their union. This was agreed to, and the
+following is the account of the commissioners:--
+
+"'To that effect one called Donald Dhu McChreggie, priest of Kirkhill,
+was employed. This priest was a native in Kintail, descended of a clan
+there called Clan Chreggie, who, being a hopeful boy in his younger
+days, was educated in Mackenzie's house, and afterwards at Beullie by
+the forementioned Dugall Mackenzie (natural son of Alexander 'Ionraic'
+VI. of Kintail pryor yrof). In the end he was made priest of Kirkhill.
+His successors to this day are called Frasers. Of this priest are
+descended Mr. William and Mr. Donald Fraser.'
+
+"The author of the Ardintoul MSS. gives a slightly different version,
+and says: 'To which end they sent Mr. Andrew Fraser, priest of Kintail,
+a learned and eloquent man, who took in his company Dugald Mackenzie,
+natural son of Alexander Inrig, who was a scholar. The Pope entertained
+them kindly, and very readily granted them what they desired, and were
+both made knights to the boot by Pope Clement VIII., but when my knights
+came home they neglected the decree of Pope Innocent III. against the
+marriage and consentricate of the clergy, or, otherwise, they got a
+dispensation from the then Pope Clement VIII., for both of them married.
+Sir Dugal was made priest of Kintail and married Nien (daughter) Dunchy
+Chaim in Glenmoriston. Sir Andrew likewise married, whose son was Donall
+Dubh MacIntagard (Black Donald, son of the Priest) and was priest of
+Kirkhill and chapter of Ross. His tacks of the Vicarage of Kilmorack to
+John Chisholm, of Comar, stands to this day. His son was Mr. William
+MacAhoulding, _alias_ Fraser, who died minister of Kiltarlady. His son
+was Mr. Donald Fraser, who died minister of Kilmorack; so that he is the
+fifth minister or ecclesiastical person in a lineal and uninterrupted
+succession, which falls out but seldom, and than which, in my judgment,
+nothing can more entitle a man to be really a gentleman; for that blood
+which runs in the veins of four or five generations of men of piety and
+learning and breeding cannot but have influence, and it confirms my
+opinion that the present Mr. Wm. Fraser (who is the fifth) has the
+virtues and commendable properties of his predecessors all united in
+him.'"
+
+We see here the ease with which a MacCreggie could become a Fraser, and,
+bearing in mind the principle noticed by Hill Burton, there is no
+difficulty in accounting for the origin and growth of our Clan in the
+Highlands. Whether we can tell the day of the month and the year on
+which Andrew or Simon Fraser first gazed on the winding Beauly or
+not--and the date can be approximately fixed--we, at all events, have no
+deep, unfathomable problem to solve as to the formation of the Fraser
+Clan. We know that the founder of the name in Inverness-shire arrived
+there as the head of a powerful Lowland house, that he settled among the
+native Caledonians of the country, assumed possession of the lands then
+forming his estate; that the people, who were as Celtic as those in any
+portion of the Highlands, bearing such names as Gille-Criosd,
+Mac-Killweralicke, Gill' Aindrea, etc., rallied around him, accepted his
+authority, became his followers, and gradually adopted the name. As has
+been remarked, some of those who were thus absorbed were the Bissets and
+the Fentons of the Aird; there were also the Haliburtons, the Corbets,
+and the Graemes of Lovat, whose estates fell into the possession of the
+Fraser family. From this beginning it is an easy matter to follow the
+fortunes of the Clan down the centuries from 1296, or thereabout, until
+the present day. But it is not as easy, nor is it as important, although
+interesting, to deal with the origin of the name and the ancient seat of
+those who bore it long, long ago. Yet the theories respecting the origin
+of the name must be taken notice of as traditions of interest, at least
+to the Clan.
+
+We meet the name of "Fraser" in various spellings in Ragman Roll, which
+dates A.D. 1292-97. Seventeen gentlemen of the family are on the roll,
+and the spellings given are: Fraser, Fresar, Frisel, Frisele, Freshele,
+de Fraser, and de Frisle. Whence derived? A Norman-French and a Celtic
+origin have been ascribed to it.
+
+
+THE NORMAN-FRENCH ORIGIN.--Skene settles this theory in a summary
+fashion. He accepts it as indubitable, and had he refrained from giving
+the grounds upon which he bases his opinion, his deservedly high
+reputation as a Celtic historian might have satisfied the general reader
+as to the truth of his _ipse dixit_. But the two reasons he advances are
+absurd. From his own words you will learn how he disposes of the origin
+of the Clan: "Of the Norman origin of the family of the Frasers it is
+impossible for a moment to entertain a doubt. They appear during the
+first few generations uniformly in that quarter of Scotland which is
+south of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, and they possessed at a very
+early period extensive estates in the counties of East Lothian and of
+Tweeddale; besides the name of Frisale, which is its ancient form,
+appears in the roll of Battle Abbey, thus placing the Norman character
+of their origin beyond a doubt." Mr. Skene's first reason is that, "they
+appear during the first few generations uniformly in that quarter of
+Scotland which is south of the Forth and Clyde." Had this part of
+Scotland been at that time inhabited by Normans, Mr. Skene's position
+would not seem so surprising as it does; but, as a matter of fact, at
+the time when the Frasers, according to Skene himself, flourished in the
+south of Scotland, the population there was Celtic, and his plain
+reasoning is: "The Frasers first appear in Scottish records as part of a
+Celtic population; therefore they must be of Norman origin!" Mr. Skene's
+second reason, while not so manifestly absurd, is equally weak. It is:
+"The name of Frisale, which is the ancient form of "Fraser," appears in
+the roll of Battle Abbey, thus placing the Norman character of their
+origin beyond a doubt." And it is on such grounds as these that Mr.
+Skene proceeds. Why, the ingenious Senachies, skilled in genealogy, if
+not in the unravelling of charter deeds, could give an infinitely more
+plausible statement of a continental descent. In the first place, it is
+now impossible to authenticate the genuineness of the Roll of Battle
+Abbey; and in the second place, if the roll were beyond question, there
+is nothing to show that the Frisale whose name appears on it was the
+progenitor of the Scottish Frasers. Mr. Skene does not pretend to prove
+that he passed from England to Scotland and founded the family there.
+But although he does not give us details, Mr. Skene's theory can be
+nothing else than that Frisale, the follower of William the Conqueror,
+was the same who received the lands held by the family in 1109 in the
+south of Scotland from the Scottish monarch. Let us see how this theory
+will bear examination. One sentence disposes of it completely and
+forever. There were Frasers in possession of estates in the south of
+Scotland before the Battle of Hastings, and from them Gilbert Fraser,
+who figures in the Cospatrick Charter of 1109, was descended. Long
+before 1109 the family had possessions in the Lothians and Tweeddale and
+farther to the north. It requires no more than this statement of fact to
+dispose of the Roll of Battle Abbey and the Frisale whose name furnished
+the late Historiographer Royal of Scotland with an easy outlet from an
+apparently difficult position. But supposing we allow for a moment the
+prior occupation of the Frasers to disappear from view, and with Skene
+begin at 1109 with Gilbert Fraser. Even then the case for Frisale would
+be hopelessly weak. The Battle of Hastings was fought in 1066. From 1058
+to 1093 Malcolm Ceanmor sat on the Scottish throne; he it would be,
+according to Skene, who gave Frisale the grant of the extensive estates
+of the Tweeddale Frasers. But he was the bitter foe of William the
+Conqueror, who supplanted Edgar Atheling, whose sister Margaret was
+Malcolm's Queen, and whose nephew, also named Edgar, reigned in Scotland
+until 1107. Is it credible that Malcolm or Donald Bane, or Duncan, or
+Edgar, would strip their own nobles, in times of very uncertain warfare,
+of their lands, in order to bestow them upon aliens, and these aliens
+the feudal vassals of their turbulent, warlike enemy? No careful reader
+of that period of Scottish history can believe that to have been
+possible. If it be said that Alexander I. and David I. favored Norman
+courtezans with grants of land on feudal titles, the answer is that
+Alexander mounted the throne not earlier than 1107, when the Frasers had
+already achieved historic prominence. While these remarks may suffice to
+indicate how valueless are the reasons put forward by Mr. Skene, they do
+not touch other theories pointing to a French origin prior to the reign
+of Malcolm Ceanmor. But these other theories having been rejected by Mr.
+Skene and his school, we may conclude that they rest their case on the
+statements just alluded to and disposed of.
+
+Annalists and Clan historians have, however, gone into particulars of
+the Norman-French theory. According to some the name was derived from
+the _fraise_ or 'strawberry' leaves in their arms, and it was related
+that they sprang from the Frezels of France. Others give different
+origins; but, before laying before you the serious objections to the
+Norman-French theory, it is right that I should repeat what has been in
+many quarters regarded as strong circumstantial evidence in its favor. I
+refer to the bond entered into, as late as the first part of the
+eighteenth century, between Simon Lord Lovat (who was beheaded) and the
+Marquis de la Frezeliere. Lord Lovat was a fugitive in France at the
+time, and he was befriended by the Marquis. He wrote his life in French,
+afterwards translated into English and published in 1796. In it he makes
+the following statement:--
+
+"The house of Frezel, or Frezeau de la Frezeliere, is one of the most
+ancient houses in France. It ascends by uninterrupted filiation, and
+without any unequal alliance, to the year 1030. It is able to establish
+by a regular proof sixty-four quarterings in its armorial bearings, and
+all noble. It has titles of seven hundred years standing in the abbey of
+Notre Dame de Noyers in Touraine. And it is certain, that, beside
+these circumstances of inherent dignity, the house de la Frezeliere is
+one of the best allied in the kingdom. It numbers among its ancestors on
+the female side daughters of the families de Montmorenci, de Rieux, de
+Rohan, de Bretagne, de la Savonniere, de la Tremouille, de la Grandiere,
+and de St. Germains. Through the houses de Montmorenci, de Rieux, de
+Rohan, and de la Tremouille, to which the Marquis de la Frezeliere is
+nearly allied, he can trace his filiation through all the French
+monarchs, up to Charlemagne, King of France and Emperor of the West.
+Down again through the various branches of the illustrious house of
+France, M. de la Frezeliere may, without impropriety, assert his
+alliance to all the royal houses and almost all the principal nobility
+of Europe.
+
+"It is demonstrated by various historians, by the tradition of the two
+families, and from letters written from time to time from one to the
+other, that the house of Frezel or Frezeau de la Frezeliere in France,
+and the house of Frezel or Fraser in Scotland, were of the same origin,
+and derived from the same blood. The Marquis de la Frezeliere, the head
+and representative of the Frezels or Frezeaus in France, and Lord Lovat,
+the representative of the Frezels or Frasers in the north and the
+Highlands of Scotland, having happily encountered each other at Paris in
+the second journey that Lord Lovat made to France for the service of his
+king (1702), were therefore both of them highly gratified with the
+opportunity that offered itself of renewing their alliance and declaring
+their affinity in a common and authentic act of recognition drawn up for
+that purpose.
+
+"This record was executed on the one part by the Marquis de la
+Frezeliere himself, by the Duke de Luxembourg, the Duke de Chatillon
+and the Prince de Tingrie, the three worthy and illustrious children of
+the late Marshal de Luxembourg Montmorenci, whose heroic exploits are
+not less glorious and celebrated than his descent is ancient and august.
+Several other lords of the house of Montmorenci, the Marquis de Rieux,
+and many noblemen related by blood and marriage to M. de la Frezeliere,
+joined with the Marquis in affixing their signatures to this act of
+recognition. On the other part it was executed by Simon Lord Lovat, Mr.
+John Fraser, his brother, and Mr. George Henry Fraser, Major of the
+Irish regiment of Bourke in the French service, for themselves, in the
+name of their whole family in Scotland.
+
+"By this deed the kindred of the two houses of the Frezels or Frasers is
+placed out of all possible doubt. Accordingly from the moment in which
+it was executed the Marquis de la Frezeliere regarded Lord Lovat rather
+as his brother and his child than as his remote relation; and had his
+re-establishment in Scotland nearer his heart than his own elevation in
+France."
+
+
+[Twenty Portrait Photographs of:
+
+J. H. Fraser Chas. Fraser A. W. Fraser Norman Fraser Andrew Fraser
+
+Jno. Fraser Elisha A. Fraser Dr. Mungo Fraser Dr. J. B. Fraser A. R. Fraser
+
+Alexander Fraser John Fraser Alexander Fraser Robt. L. Fraser W. P. Fraser
+
+William Fraser Hugh Miller W. H. Fraser Geo. B. Fraser Jas. Fraser]
+
+
+THE SCOTTISH ORIGIN OF THE NAME.--Logan, author of the "Scottish Gael,"
+agrees with those who claim a Scottish origin for the name. He derives
+it from _Frith_, 'a forest,' and _siol_--'seed,' 'offspring.' His theory
+has at least the merit of great probability, and is certainly to be
+preferred to the Norman-French, unless the latter can be supported by
+better evidence than has yet been brought forward. In a most interesting
+volume on surnames by Mr. B. Homer Dixon, K.N.L., published in 1857,
+there are very suggestive notes on the surname "Fraser." He agrees with
+Logan, and he combats the Norman origin. His interest in the Clan
+Fraser is one of descent from a notable cadet family, and in connection
+with the origin of the name he has kindly furnished me with the
+following valuable statement:--
+
+"I differ from Skene and the older writers who derive the Frasers either
+from Pierre Fraser, who came to Scotland about the year 800, and whose
+son Charles was made Thane of Man in 814, or from Julius de Berry, of
+Averme in the Bourbonnais, who, in the year 916, gave Charles the Simple
+so delicious a dish of strawberries that the king changed his name to
+'de Fraize' and gave him 'fraizes' for arms.
+
+"According to the best authorities hereditary surnames were not used
+until about the year 1000, and Arms were certainly not borne until after
+the Norman Conquest, being only introduced about four score years later
+at the time of the second Crusade, viz., A.D. 1146, and therefore more
+than two centuries after the date of those ascribed to Julius de Fraize.
+
+"That the last Lord Lovat believed in his Norman descent I do not doubt.
+Early in the last century (A.D. 1702) he signed a bond of recognition
+with the Marquis Frezeau or Frezel de la Frezeliere, declaring that
+their name and origin were the same and acknowledging themselves as
+relations. The Frezeaus, however, were Anjevins from near Saumur, while
+the first Scotch Fraser was said to be a Bourbonnais; still both parties
+were probably easily satisfied with their bond, which only went to prove
+apparently more clearly the antiquity of the families, however
+unnecessary, for the Frezeaus or Frezels were one of the most ancient
+houses in France, and the Frasers are undoubtedly one of the noblest
+families in Scotland. Burton, in his Life of Lord Lovat, London, 147, p.
+104, throws discredit upon Lord Lovat's statement (Memoirs of Lord
+Lovat, London) of the antiquity of the family of Frezeau de la
+Frezeliere, because, forsooth, there is no account of the family in 'le
+Pere Anselme,' but Moreri (Grand Dicte. Histe. Basle, 1740) says 'the
+family was one of the most ancient in the kingdom' (almost the very
+words of Lord Lovat), 'and one of the most illustrious of the Province
+(Anjou), where they have possessed from time immemorial the seigniory of
+the Frezeliere.' Moreri adds that there were Chevaliers Frezel in 1030,
+and, commencing his pedigree with the Chevalier Geoffrey, living in
+1270, carries it down uninterruptedly to the Marquis de la Frezeliere,
+et de Monsieur Baron de Lasse, Lieutenant-General in the army and first
+Lieutenant-General in the Artillery, who died in 1711.
+
+"Both the Marquis and Lord Lovat were mistaken, however, for the Anjevin
+name does _not_ signify 'strawberry,' neither does that family bear
+'fraises' in their arms, but Frezeau or Frezel de la Frezeliere
+signifies 'Ash of the Ash Plantation or Wood,' from the Romance word
+_Fraysse_, 'an ash tree;' and in Auvergne there is a family styled 'du
+Fraisse,' who bear an ash tree in their arms. Similar names to Frezel de
+la Frezeliere are le Bastard de la Bastardiere, Freslon de la
+Freslonniere, Raband de la Rabandiere.
+
+"It is true that the name Frisell occurs in the Roll of Battle Abbey;
+but even allowing that to be authentic, what proof is there that the
+Frisell who accompanied the Conqueror in 1066, was the ancestor of
+Gilbert de Fraser, who possessed large estates in Tweeddale and Lothian
+in the time of Alexander I. (1107-1174)?
+
+"This Gilbert, the first of the family mentioned, is called 'de,' but
+the name was more frequently written without that prefix.
+
+"I believe that the Frasers are Scotch _ab origine_ and repeat that I
+consider the name to be Gaelic and older than the arms, which were
+canting arms, such as we have a royal example of as early as the time of
+Louis VII. (of 1180), who covered the shield of France with blue, the
+tincture of his royal robes, and then charged the same with lilies,
+derived originally from Isis, formerly worshipped in France.
+
+"The _fraises_ are quartered with three antique crowns, and here again
+authors differ, most writers saying they are for Bisset. Even Nisbet
+makes this error, although on another page he gives the arms of Bisset
+of Beaufort as 'Azure a bend argent!' Others say they were granted to
+Sir Simon Fraser, the 'Flower of Chivalrie,' the friend of Wallace and
+Bruce, for having three times re-horsed his king at the Battle of
+Methven, in 1306. This _may_ be their origin, but if so they were
+probably granted to or adopted by his grand nephew and heir, Sir Andrew
+Fraser, for Sir Simon Fraser was taken prisoner at this very battle,
+conveyed to London and beheaded. It is worthy of note, however, that the
+Grants, near neighbors and often allied to the Frasers, bear three
+antique crowns, though of a different tincture. Hugh, fifth Lord Lovat,
+married a daughter of the Laird of Grant, by whom, however, he had no
+issue. He died 1544."
+
+In another note Mr. Dixon says: "The court language of Scotland, at the
+time this family took their arms, which are totally different from those
+of the French house of Frezeau or Frezel, was a medley of Teutonic and
+French."
+
+
+IN THE LOWLANDS OF SCOTLAND.--But whether the derivation be from the
+Romance _fraysse_, 'an ash tree,' or the Gaelic _frith_, 'a forest,' we
+find the chief of the name firmly established as a powerful Scottish
+noble, manifesting the patriotism and national sentiment to be looked
+for in a native born baron, as early as 1109.
+
+His name was GILBERT DE FRASER, who, in the year named, witnessed a
+charter known as the Cospatrick Charter. It is generally conceded that
+he is the first with whom documentary history begins. That there were
+Frasers in Tweeddale and Lothian before him is certain, and the names of
+some of them have survived, but with this Gilbert begins the unbroken
+record of lineage which comes down to our own day. The lands possessed
+by the Frasers in the south of Scotland were extensive, and the family
+power was great, as will be indicated in the course of the brief
+reference to it which will be here made. Gilbert had three sons, Oliver,
+Udard and another whose name is not now known.
+
+OLIVER succeeded his father and built Oliver Castle, by which his name
+survives. There are many interesting descriptions of this old
+stronghold; that in the Ordnance Survey Report I quote on account of its
+brevity: "An ancient baronial fortalice in Tweedsmuir parish, S. W.
+Peeblesshire, on the left side of the river Tweed . . . Crowning a rising
+ground which now is tufted with a clump of trees, it was the original
+seat of the Frasers, ancestors of the noble families of Lovat and
+Saltoun, and passed from them to the Tweedies, who figure in the
+introduction to Sir Walter Scott's _Betrothed_, and whose maternal
+descendant, Thomas Tweedie-Stodart (b. 1838; suc. 1869), of Oliver
+House, a plain modern mansion hard by, holds 1144 acres in the shire. . .
+Oliver Castle was the remotest of a chain of strong ancient towers,
+situated each within view of the next all down the Tweed to Berwick, and
+serving both for defence and for beacon fires in the times of the
+border forays. It was eventually relinquished and razed to the ground."
+Oliver died without issue, and, his brother Udard, evidently having
+predeceased him, the succession went to Udard's son,
+
+ADAM, who was succeeded by his son,
+
+LAWRENCE, on record in 1261, and who was in turn succeeded by his son,
+
+LAWRENCE. The second Lawrence had no male issue, but had two daughters,
+one of whom married a Tweedie, carrying with her Fraser lands, and the
+other of whom married a Macdougall. The succession in the male line now
+reverted to Gilbert's third son, whose name is lost, but who had two
+sons,
+
+SIMON and Bernard. Both these succeeded to the chiefship, Simon's issue
+being female. It was after this Simon that Keith-Simon was named.
+
+BERNARD raised the fortunes of the family considerably, and his name
+frequently occurs in connection with questions of first class
+importance. He was the first of the name to have been appointed Sheriff
+of Stirling. He was succeeded by his son,
+
+GILBERT, styled "Vicecomes de Traquair," or Sheriff of Traquair, father
+of three historic personages, Sir Simon, Sir Andrew, and William, the
+Bishop of St. Andrew's and Chancellor of Scotland, an extended reference
+to whom I with difficulty refrain from making. As a prelate and a
+statesman he rendered high service to his country. His brother,
+
+SIR SIMON, THE ELDER, succeeded his father, Gilbert. He is designated
+the Elder to distinguish him from his famous son, Sir Simon the Patriot.
+He took a leading part in the affairs of the nation. He, his two
+brothers and a nephew, Richard Fraser, Lord of Dumfries, were four of
+the arbiters in the Baliol claim to the Scottish Crown. He died in 1291,
+and was succeeded by
+
+SIR SIMON the Patriot, the greatest and most renowned of all the Fraser
+chiefs. All I can say of him is that he was the compatriot, the
+coadjutor and compeer of Sir William Wallace, and one of the noblest
+knights whose deeds are recorded on the page of history. He has
+furnished ancient and modern historians with a subject for patriotic
+eulogy and enthusiastic praise. As a soldier and statesman he was
+_facile princeps_. He was the hero of Roslin; he was the only Scottish
+noble who held out to the last with Sir William Wallace, and was one of
+the first to welcome and aid the Bruce, whom he re-horsed three times at
+the Battle of Methven, where he was taken prisoner; and he was the only
+Scottish knight at that time whose patriotism entitled him to the brutal
+indignities of Edward's court, and a death, in 1306, similar to that of
+Sir William Wallace. The Patriot's family consisted of two daughters;
+the elder married Sir Hugh Hay, ancestor of the noble house of
+Tweeddale, and the younger, Sir Patrick Fleming, ancestor of the Earls
+of Wigton. Male issue having again failed, the succession went back to
+
+SIR ANDREW FRASER, Sheriff of Stirling, already mentioned as second son
+of Sir Gilbert Fraser, Sheriff of Traquair. Sir Andrew was the Patriot's
+uncle. He is styled "of Caithness," on account of having married a
+Caithness heiress, and at that point begins the interest of the family
+in the North of Scotland. He was both a brave knight and a powerful
+lord, and, like his brothers, bore his part valorously and well in the
+senate and on the field. He lived to occupy the position of chief but
+two years. He was the first chief of the family who won large
+possessions in the north, while the headquarters were still in the
+southern countries. The well-known Neidpath castle was one of the family
+strongholds. It was a massive pile, of great strength, the walls being
+eleven feet thick. It is situated in Peeblesshire and is still to be
+seen. The strawberries appear in the crest of the Hays on the keystone
+of the courtyard archway, a connecting link with the Frasers, from whom
+it passed to the Hays of Yester, in 1312, with the daughter of the
+Patriot. Before following the family to the Lovat estates, in
+Inverness-shire, it may not be amiss to recapitulate the succession in
+the south. It was as follows:
+
+I. GILBERT DE FRASER, II. OLIVER FRASER, III. ADAM FRASER, IV. LAURENCE
+FRASER, V. LAURENCE FRASER, VI. SIMON FRASER, VII. BERNARD FRASER, VIII.
+SIR GILBERT FRASER, IX. SIR SIMON FRASER, X. SIR SIMON FRASER, XI. SIR
+ANDREW FRASER.
+
+
+THE CLAN IN THE HIGHLANDS.--The family extended northward by the
+marriage of Sir Andrew to a Caithness heiress, through which he acquired
+large estates in that country. His was a notable family of sons. The
+eldest, named Simon, gave the family its patronymic of "Mac-Shimi"
+(pronounced Mac-Kimmie). He (Simon) married the daughter of the Earl of
+Orkney and Caithness, and it is believed by the family historians that
+this marriage brought the first Lovat property to the family. It would
+appear that the Countess of Orkney and Caithness, namely, Simon Fraser's
+mother-in-law, was the daughter of Graham of Lovat, and that her right
+in the Lovat property descended to her daughter, Simon's wife, in whose
+right he took possession. Thus, we see how the names Fraser and Lovat,
+now for so long a time almost synonymous, were first brought together,
+and how the Frasers obtained a footing on territory which has become
+indissolubly linked with their name.
+
+Sir Andrew Fraser's other sons were Sir Alexander, Andrew and James; the
+first named, a powerful baron and statesman, who attained to the office
+of Chamberlain of Scotland, held previously, as we have seen, by his
+uncle, Bishop Fraser. In consideration of distinguished services, he was
+given in marriage Mary, sister of King Robert Bruce, and widow of Sir
+Nigel Campbell, of Lochow. He possessed lands in Kincardine, of which
+county he was sheriff. He was killed at the battle of Dupplin. Andrew
+and James, his brothers, with their brother, Simon of Lovat, were slain
+at the battle of Halidon Hill, July 22nd, 1333, and all four were in the
+front rank of the soldiers of their time.
+
+The chiefs of the Clan Fraser date from:
+
+I. SIMON, Sir Andrew's eldest son. He had three sons--Simon and Hugh,
+who both succeeded him in honors and estates, and James, who was
+knighted on the occasion of the coronation of Robert III.
+
+II. SIMON succeeded his father, when still very young, and gave proof,
+in the field, that the military genius of the family was inherited by
+him. He died unmarried, after a brief but brilliant career, and his
+estates and the chiefship went to his brother,
+
+III. HUGH, styled "Dominus de Lovat." And, now, I shall keep briefly to
+the line of chiefs, and shall not burden you with many personal
+incidents that have come down to us, with respect to any of them, until
+we come to Lord Simon, who suffered death on Tower Hill. Hugh was
+succeeded by his two sons, first by ALEXANDER, the eldest, then by
+Hugh, the second son. From his third son, John, sprang the Frasers of
+Knock, in Ayrshire; and from Duncan, his fourth son, the Frasers of
+Morayshire.
+
+IV. ALEXANDER is described as a "pattern of primitive piety and sanctity
+to all around him." He died unmarried. An illegitimate son, named
+Robert, was the progenitor of "Sliochd Rob, Mhic a Mhanaich."
+
+V. HUGH, his brother, who succeeded, acquired lands from the Fentons and
+Bissets, by marriage with the heiress of Fenton of Beaufort. The names
+of these lands, it will be interesting to note, forming as they do an
+important part of the estates long held by the Frasers. They are:
+Guisachan, now the property of Lord Tweedmouth; Comar, Kirkton, Mauld,
+Wester Eskadale and Uchterach. This Hugh, the fifth chief, was the first
+to assume the title of Lord Lovat. He had three sons, Thomas, Alexander,
+who died unmarried, and Hugh. The first Lord Lovat was succeeded by his
+son,
+
+VI. THOMAS, whose assumption of the title is not mentioned by the family
+historians, but of whose accession there is good documentary proof. The
+silence of the historians, however, has led to an error in the
+designation of his successors. For instance, his brother,
+
+VII. HUGH, who succeeded him, is called Hugh, second Lord Lovat, instead
+of Hugh, third Lord Lovat. This Lord Lovat had two sons, Thomas and
+Hugh, the former of whom was Prior of Beauly, and died young and
+unmarried. He was succeeded by his son,
+
+VIII. HUGH, fourth Lord Lovat, who had a decisive brush with the
+Macdonalds, under the Lord of the Isles, when the latter besieged the
+Castle of Inverness in 1429. He was a peer of Parliament, and is
+supposed to have been the first Lord Lovat to have attained to that
+dignity, with the title, Lord Fraser of the Lovat. He had four sons, who
+deserve mention: Thomas, who succeeded; Hugh, a brave soldier and
+accomplished courtier, who was slain at Flodden; Alexander, from whom
+sprang the old cadets of Farraline, Leadclune, etc.; and John, the
+historian of Henry VIII., the learned Franciscan and astute ambassador.
+There were also two illegitimate sons--Thomas and Hugh, the latter,
+progenitor of the Frasers of Foyers, and of many other Fraser families,
+known as "Sliochd Huistein Fhrangaich."
+
+IX. THOMAS, fifth Lord Lovat, added the lands of Phopachy, Englishton,
+Bunchrew and Culburnie, the last-named place from Henry Douglas, to the
+family estates, which were assuming very large proportions. He had a
+large family. The eldest son, named Hugh, succeeded to the estates. From
+the second son, William, sprang the Frasers of Belladrum, Culbokie,
+Little Struy, etc.; from James, the Frasers of Foyness; from Robert, the
+Frasers of Brakie, Fifeshire; from Andrew, "Sliochd Anndra Ruadh a
+Chnuic" (Kirkhill); from Thomas, "Sliochd Ian 'Ic Thomais"; John married
+a daughter of Grant of Grant, with issue; and from Hugh Ban of Reelick
+(an illegitimate son), came the Frasers of Reelick and Moniack.
+
+X. HUGH, sixth Lord Lovat, was the chief of the Clan at the time of the
+disastrous fight with the Macdonalds at Kinlochlochy, of which I shall
+read a short description later on.[2] At this affray Lord Hugh and his
+eldest son, Simon, were slain. His second son, Alexander, succeeded, and
+his third son, William, was ancestor of the Frasers of Struy. His
+fourth son, Hugh, died young and unmarried.
+
+XI. ALEXANDER, seventh Lord Lovat, a man of literary tastes, lived in
+comparative retirement. His three sons were: Hugh, his successor;
+Thomas, first of Knockie and Strichen, from whom the present chief,
+whose family in 1815 succeeded to the Fraser estates, sprang, and James,
+ancestor of the Frasers of Ardachie, the Memoir and Correspondence of a
+scion of which, General James Stuart Fraser, of the Madras Army, was a
+few years ago, given to the world, as the distinguished record of a
+soldier, a scholar and a statesman.
+
+XII. HUGH, the eighth Lord Lovat, succeeded at the age of fourteen. He
+was noted for his proficiency in archery, wrestling, and the athletics
+of the day; he greatly encouraged the practice of manly exercises on his
+estates. He was a staunch supporter of Regent Murray, and at the
+Reformation secured possession of the Priory of Beauly and the church
+lands pertaining to it, including the town lands of Beauly, and some of
+the best tacks on the low-lying part of the present estates, in the
+parishes of Kilmorack and Kiltarlity, the mere names indicating the
+value of the grant: Fanblair, Easter Glenconvinth, Culmill, Urchany,
+Farley, Craigscorry, Platchaig, Teafrish, Annat, Groam, Inchrorie,
+Rhindouin, Teachnuic, Ruilick, Ardnagrask, Greyfield, the Mains of
+Beauly, as well as valuable river fishings. Mr. Chisholm Batten's book
+on Beauly Priory contains many interesting facts regarding the
+acquisition of these fertile and extensive lands, for which his Lordship
+paid a certain sum of money. He married a daughter of the Earl of Athol,
+and had two sons, Simon and Thomas, and a natural son, named Alexander,
+who married Janet, daughter of Fraser of Moniack. Thomas died in his
+ninth year. Lord Hugh died at Towie, in Mar, on his way home from
+Edinburgh. It was suspected that he had been poisoned.
+
+XIII. SIMON, ninth Lord Lovat, succeeded at the tender age of five.
+Thomas of Knockie became tutor for the young chief, an office of power
+and responsibility. He was married three times. By his first wife,
+Catherine Mackenzie, he had issue, a son and daughter, Hugh, his
+successor, and Elizabeth. By his second wife, the daughter of James
+Stuart, Lord Doune, he had two sons and three daughters: Sir Simon of
+Inverallochy, Sir James of Brea, Anne, Margaret and Jean. His third wife
+was Catherine Rose of Kilravock.
+
+XIV. HUGH, tenth Lord Lovat, had already a large family when he
+succeeded to the estates. Three years after his accession his wife died,
+leaving him with nine children, six sons and three daughters. Her death
+cast a gloom over his life, and, practically retiring from business, the
+management of the estates for a time fell on his son Simon, Master of
+Lovat, a young man of the brightest promise, whose untimely death was a
+second severe blow to his father. His dying address is a remarkable
+production. His next elder brother, Hugh, became Master of Lovat, and
+Sir James Fraser, of Brea, became tutor. The Master of Lovat married
+Lady Anne Leslie, and died a year afterwards, during his father's
+lifetime, leaving a son, Hugh, who succeeded to the titles and estates.
+Hugh the tenth Lord Lovat's issue were: Simon and Hugh, to whom
+reference has just been made; Alexander, who became tutor; Thomas of
+Beaufort, father of the celebrated Simon; William, who died young;
+James, who died without issue, and Mary, Anne and Catherine.
+
+XV. HUGH, grandson of the tenth Lord Lovat, succeeded as eleventh Lord
+Lovat, when only three years old. At sixteen he was, to use the words of
+the chronicler, "decoyed into a match" with Anne, sister of Sir George
+Mackenzie of Tarbat, the famous lawyer, the lady being at the time of
+the marriage, about thirty years of age. There were born to them a son,
+named Hugh, who, from a black spot on his upper lip, was nick-named
+"Mac-Shimi, Ball Dubh," "Black-spotted Mackimmie;" and three daughters.
+
+XVI. Hugh, "The Black-spotted," succeeded as twelfth Lord Lovat. He
+married a daughter of Murray, Marquis of Athole, a connection in which
+the pretensions of the Murrays, thwarted by Simon of Beaufort, find
+their source. This chief left four daughters, but no son, and having had
+no brothers or uncles on the father's side, the succession went to
+Thomas of Beaufort, surviving son of Hugh, the tenth Lord Lovat, and
+grand-uncle of Hugh, "The Black-spotted."
+
+XVII. Thomas of Beaufort assumed the title as thirteenth Lord Lovat, and
+would probably have been left in undisputed possession but for the
+marriage contract made by the twelfth Lord, at the instance of the
+Athols, settling the estates on his eldest daughter, failing male heirs
+of his body. It is true that afterwards he revoked this settlement in
+favor of the nearest male heir, viz., Thomas of Beaufort, but the
+validity of the later document was contested, and it was only after a
+long and extraordinary struggle, in which plot, intrigue and violence
+played a part, as well as protracted litigation, that his son's title to
+the estates was confirmed.
+
+XVIII. SIMON of Beaufort succeeded his father, as fourteenth Lord Lovat,
+after, as has been stated, many years of fierce contest concerning his
+rights. He had an elder brother, named Alexander, who, according to
+report then current, died young in Wales, and without issue. His
+younger brothers were named Hugh, John, Thomas, and James. The cause of
+Alexander's flight to Wales forms one of the best known legends of the
+family. There are various versions of it, but I shall give that most
+commonly related by old people in the district of the Aird: Alexander
+arrived, somewhat late, at a wedding at Teawig, near Beauly. His
+appearance was the signal for the piper to strike up the tune, "Tha
+Biodag air MacThomais," some of the lines of which run:
+
+                  Tha biodag air Mac Thomais,
+                  Tha biodag fhada, mhor, air;
+                  Tha biodag air Mac Thomais,
+                  Ach's math a dh' fhoghnadh sgian da.
+
+                  Tha biodag anns a chliobadaich,
+                  Air mac a bhodaich leibidich;
+                  Tha biodag anns a chliobadaich,
+                  Air mac a bhodaich romaich.
+
+                  Tha bhiodag deanadh gliogadaich,
+                  'Si ceann'lt ri bann na briogais aig';
+                  Tha bucallan 'n a bhrogan,
+                  Ged 's math a dh' fhoghnadh ial daibh.
+
+It was whispered to Alexander that the piper selected this tune to cause
+merriment at his expense, and the youth, to turn the jest against the
+piper, determined to rip open the bag of the pipes, with his dirk. But
+in doing so, his foot slipped, and he fell heavily towards the piper
+with the naked dirk in his outstretched arm. The piper was fatally
+wounded, and Alexander, who had been an extreme partizan of the
+Jacobites, believed that were he tried for the murder of the piper, the
+hostility of Sir George Mackenzie, of Tarbat, would inevitably secure a
+sentence of death against him. He fled to Wales, where he was befriended
+by Earl Powis, under whose protection, it is said, he lived on, married,
+and had issue, while his next younger brother, Simon, enjoyed the title
+and estates. Mr. John Fraser, of Mount Pleasant, Carnarvon, not long
+ago, laid claim to the chiefship, title and estates, on the ground that
+he is a lineal descendant of this Alexander, and although he lost his
+case in one trial, he is still gathering evidence, with the view of
+having it re-opened and further pushing his claim.
+
+For his share in the Jacobite rising of 1745, Simon, fourteenth Lord
+Lovat, was beheaded on Tower Hill, April 9th, 1747. Lord Simon's faults
+were not few, but he has been a much maligned man; his vices have been
+flaunted before the world, his virtues have been obscured. In extreme
+old age he gave up his life on the scaffold; and his fate, believed by
+some to be richly deserved, by others has been characterized as
+martyrdom. He left three sons, Simon, Alexander and Archibald Campbell
+Fraser.
+
+XIX. SIMON succeeded to the chiefship, but that honor was unaccompanied
+by the estates and title, which had been forfeited to the crown. For his
+services as commandant of Fraser's Highlanders in the service of the
+House of Hanover, he was specially thanked by Parliament, and the
+paternal estates restored to him. I have been informed by the Grand
+Master Mason of Ontario that this Colonel Simon (afterwards General
+Simon Fraser of Lovat) was the first Provincial Master Mason in Upper
+Canada, the order having been established there at the time of the
+stirring events in which Fraser's Highlanders participated while in
+Quebec. General Simon married, but without issue, and his brother
+Alexander having predeceased him without issue, he was succeeded in
+possession of the estates by his half-brother,
+
+XX. COLONEL ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL FRASER of Lovat. The title was still held
+in abeyance. Colonel Archibald was a man of erratic habits, but a
+kind-hearted Highlander, and a man of no mean ability. An account of his
+honors and public services he embodied in an inscription on his
+tombstone, but while the production is typical of his well-known
+eccentricity, as a matter of fact, not a little of the praise which he
+takes to himself for services to his country and his county, was well
+deserved. He had five sons, all of whom predeceased him. His eldest son
+was named Simon Frederick. He became member of Parliament for
+Inverness-shire. He died in 1803, unmarried, but left one son, Archibald
+Thomas Frederick Fraser, well-known in our own day as "Abertarf," from
+having resided there. None of the other sons of Colonel Archibald left
+legitimate issue, and at his death, in 1815, the succession reverted to
+the Frasers of Strichen, descended, as already observed, from Thomas
+Fraser of Knockie and Strichen, second son of Alexander, the sixth Lord
+Lovat, represented, at the time of Colonel Archibald's death, by
+
+XXI. THOMAS ALEXANDER FRASER, of Strichen, who succeeded to the estates,
+and was created Lord Lovat by Act of Parliament, in 1837; and, in 1857,
+succeeded in having the old title restored to him. The succession of the
+Strichen family created a strong hostile feeling among the Clansmen and
+the old tenants generally, many of them believing that other aspirants
+who appeared had stronger claims. The Frasers of Strichen, however, were
+able to satisfy the courts as to the validity of their claim, and they
+were confirmed in the possession of the estates. A curious incident of
+the time may be briefly related, to illustrate both the feeling then
+prevailing concerning the succession, and the religious beliefs which
+were held then in the Highlands. It was, and to some extent yet is,
+believed that the Divine purpose, with respect to every-day events, may
+be disclosed in appropriate portions of Scripture which impress
+themselves intensely on the mind of the devout believer. Two
+tenant-farmers, whose names, if given, would at once be a guarantee of
+their good faith, and of their respectability, went from the vicinity of
+Belladrum to the neighborhood of Redcastle, to a man whose piety gave
+him an eminent place among The Men of Ross-shire. They went to confer
+with him about the Lovat estates, and to find out whether he had any
+"indication" of the "mind of the Lord" as to whether the Frasers of
+Strichen would be established in their tenure of the estates against all
+comers. They were hospitably welcomed, and, their errand having been
+made known, their host replied that he had had no such indication. They
+remained that night, the next day and the night following, but during
+all this time did not see their host. On the morning of the third day he
+joined them at the frugal breakfast, after which he led them to a window
+overlooking the Beauly Firth and said: "Since your arrival I have pled
+hard for light at the Throne. If God ever did reveal His Will to me by
+His Word, He did so last night. You see a fishing-smack before you on
+the firth; as sure as you do observe her there, with her sail spread,
+catching the wind, so sure will, in God's good time, the Strichens pass
+away from the possession of the Lovat estates, and the rightful heir,
+will come to his own. My warrant, given to me in my wrestling with God,
+is this prophetic passage: 'And thou, profane, wicked prince of Israel,
+whose day is come, when iniquity shall have an end, thus saith the Lord
+God: Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the
+same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high. I will
+overturn, overturn, overturn it: and it shall be no more, until he come
+whose right it is; and I will give it him.' (Ezek. XXI., 25-27) God's
+purpose thus revealed will not be fulfilled in our day, nor likely in
+the day of our children, but our grandchildren will likely see it
+accomplished." The old man's words made a deep impression; but only a
+few friends were informed of them, not only because they were held as a
+sacred message, but also because of the "power of the estate office."
+Whatever may be thought of beliefs thus formed, no one who knew the
+devout, simple-hearted Highlander of the generation just gone, will fail
+to appreciate the humility and sincerity with which such beliefs were
+entertained.
+
+But to return to the fortunes of the House of Lovat. Thomas Alexander,
+fifteenth Lord Lovat, married a daughter of Sir George Jerningham,
+afterwards Baron Stafford, and had male issue, Simon, Allister Edward,
+George Edward Stafford (b. 1834, d. 1854), and Henry Thomas. His second
+son, Allister Edward, rose to the rank of Colonel in the army; was
+married, with issue, one son. Hon. Henry Thomas attained to the rank of
+Colonel of the 1st battalion Scots Guards. Lord Lovat died in 1885, and
+was succeeded by his eldest son,
+
+XXII. SIMON, sixteenth Lord Lovat, who, born in 1828, and married to the
+daughter of Thomas Weld Blundell, was already a man of mature years at
+the time of his accession. He was known in song as "Fear Donn an
+Fheilidh." He was noted for his generous qualities and his kindness to
+the poor. He was a keen sportsman, expert with rod, gun and rifle, a
+marksman of repute. He did much to encourage the militia movement, and
+commanded the Inverness-shire regiment for many years. The circumstances
+of his sad and sudden death, from an affection of the heart, while
+grouse-shooting on the Moy Hall moors, in 1887, are fresh in our minds.
+An extract from a newspaper article, written on the occasion of his
+death, may be taken as a fair estimate of his character: "By this sudden
+and painful blow a nobleman has been taken away who filled a conspicuous
+place in this vicinity, and who was held in the highest respect. Having
+succeeded to his father in 1875, he has enjoyed the title and estates
+for only twelve years (1887). But as Master of Lovat he was known for
+many years before that time as a worthy and popular representative of a
+great and ancient Highland house. No county gathering seemed to be
+complete without his presence. . . . Homely in his manner, he was never
+difficult to approach, and his kindness of spirit showed itself in many
+ways. Conscientious and sober in judgment, he steadily endeavored to do
+his duty; and his lamented death caused a blank which cannot easily be
+filled." He left a family of nine, and was succeeded by his eldest son,
+
+XXIII. SIMON JOSEPH, seventeenth Lord Lovat, to whose health, as our
+chief, we have drained our glasses this evening. That he may have a long
+and happy life is our fervent prayer; and may God grant him wisdom and
+grace that he may be a useful and a prosperous chief; that he may add
+new lustre to the distinguished name he bears, and prove worthy of the
+ancestry of which he is the proud representative.
+
+We have now traced the long line of chiefs from the beginning down to
+the present day, and I must thank you for the wonderful patience with
+which you have listened to the dry bones of genealogy; in what
+remains[3] I hope I shall prove less tedious than in that which I have
+concluded.
+
+The speaker then referred briefly to the Aberdeenshire Frasers, and to
+some of the principal Cadet families of the Clan. He gave an explanation
+of the coat of arms, related a number of interesting Clan incidents,
+including forays, Clan feuds, and anecdotes of a local character. At
+some length he described the Home of the Clan, pointing out its extent
+on a map of Inverness-shire, colored to show the gradual increase and
+decrease of territory, which kept pace with the varying fortunes of the
+Clan; expatiating on the great variety and beauty of its scenery,
+tributes to which he quoted from Christopher North, David Macrae, Robert
+Carruthers and Evan MacColl.
+
+[Footnote 2: See account by Rev. Allan Sinclair, A. M., in Celtic
+Magazine.]
+
+[Footnote 3: This part of the speech, being of a general character, has
+been omitted for consideration of space.]
+
+                     *    *    *    *    *
+
+[Illustration: MR. ROBERT LOVAT FRASER, 1st Vice-Chairman.]
+
+MR. ROBERT LOVAT FRASER, Vice-chairman, replied to the toast. He said:
+My duty, through the kindness of the committee, is certainly not so
+arduous in replying to the toast of the evening, as that which has been
+imposed upon the Chairman in proposing it. The length of his address,
+the facts regarding the origin and the outlines of the history of the
+Clan which he gave, make it unnecessary for me to dwell at length on
+this interesting topic. Indeed, I found on listening to the Chairman,
+that I had a great deal to learn about our Clan, and I am sure that I
+express not only my own thanks, but yours to him, in placing before us,
+so clearly and minutely, the leading facts regarding our ancestry and
+kindred. All my life long I have been an ardent admirer of some of the
+more prominent Frasers who have figured in our Clan history. My own
+connection with the Clan in the Highlands is somewhat remote, the last
+of my forefathers who resided there having had to leave his home and
+friends, on account of the part which he took with his Clan in the
+uprising of '45. But although we have been cut off from that close
+connection which is thought necessary to keep alive a sentimental
+interest in such things, I can assure you that no clansman born within
+the shadow of Castle Downie can boast with greater truth of possessing
+more enthusiasm and interest than I in all that pertains to the Clan
+Fraser. The Clan has a history which we as clansmen should so study as
+to become perfectly familiar with it. Its record has been written in the
+events of the times as well as on the page of history, and no more
+inspiring or patriotic duty lies to our hand than the study of that
+record. I firmly believe that the influence of the clan feeling was a
+good influence, and that the idea of kinship and responsibility to each
+other for good behavior, as to kinsmen, had much to do in bringing about
+the high moral tone which distinguishes the Highland clans. It did much
+also to prepare the minds of those people for the enlightenment and love
+which Christianity brought with it, and which are so strikingly
+exemplified in the Highland character. I would say therefore to the
+young men, 'employ part of your evenings in the reading of the Clan
+history,' and to the older people, 'devote a little of the time of your
+remaining years to a like purpose.' I do not think it necessary, after
+what we have just heard, to enter into historic details; neither is it
+necessary to defend the honor of the Clan where there are no assailants.
+The Clan has taken its place honorably among its contemporaries and
+neighbors. It invariably performed its duty in a manner highly
+creditable to the public spirit of its members and to their high
+standard of justice. There were it is true at times in the Clan, as in
+every other body of people, men whose names have been perpetuated
+because of evil rather than good. These, however, have been singularly
+few in the Clan Fraser, and even where statements are found to their
+discredit, the malice of interested foes not infrequently lends a
+heightened color to charges which might to some extent have been founded
+on fact. This I believe to be true in the case of Simon Lord Lovat, who
+had the misfortune to be the subject of biographical sketches by his
+enemies, but of whom a juster view now prevails. Happily the prominent
+clansmen, whose characteristics needed no defence, but called forth
+admiration and emulation, were many. To name them would be but to recite
+a long and distinguished list. Their characteristics were such as to
+challenge public commendation. With them as examples no clansman need
+feel ashamed of the name. But what I should like to impress most of all
+upon our Clan throughout the country is the necessity for a sentiment of
+loyalty to the Clan name and its traditions. Seeing that we have such a
+history let us prize it. Let every clansman feel proud of it, and let
+him see to it that his conduct and ambition are in every way in keeping
+with the record of the past, and in this way prove himself not only a
+good citizen, a good neighbor and a good friend, but a good clansman,
+and hand down the character of the Clan unsullied to posterity. This
+would be a most laudable ambition and one which I feel sure every
+Fraser worthy of the name will strive earnestly to attain.
+
+Two gentlemen, Frasers all but in name, had been invited as guests. They
+were Mr. B. Homer Dixon, Consul General for the Netherlands, and Mr.
+Hugh Miller, J. P., both of Toronto. Their health was proposed by the
+chairman, who paid a high compliment to Mr. Homer Dixon, who, he said,
+had taken the warmest interest in matters relating to the Clan, and who
+was a living encyclopedia of information regarding its history and
+affairs. Mr. Dixon's connection was derived from his maternal side, and
+not a few Clan relics were in his possession. His absence from the
+gathering was on account of indifferent health, and it was regretted
+very much by those present. In coupling Mr. Miller's name with the
+toast, the Chairman referred to that gentleman's long connection with
+the business interests of the city of Toronto. Mr. Hugh Miller was a
+relative of his namesake, the famous geologist, and his name was as well
+known in Ontario business and national circles, as was that of his
+distinguished namesake in the field of literature and science. Mr.
+Miller rightly claimed to be of Fraser stock--he certainly had the
+Fraser spirit. He sat with them as an honored guest, but none the less
+an honored clansman.
+
+MR. MILLER, in reply, expressed the great satisfaction with which he had
+received an invitation to be present at what he might truly describe as
+a gathering of his own clansmen. It was well known that in Scotland, as
+in other countries, men were often named after the occupations which
+they followed, and it was not a mere tradition but a fact within the
+knowledge of his immediate forebears that they were of pure Fraser
+stock. They had worn the Fraser tartan, and had always taken a deep
+interest in whatever pertained to the affairs of the Clan. When the
+Chairman, in giving the toast of the Clan, had referred to the places
+associated with the name, he was brought back in memory over a long
+period of time. At his age, the sweep of memory to boyhood's days was a
+long one, and he could well recall the events in the Highlands of
+Scotland over sixty years ago. He had a loving and familiar recollection
+of scenes, than which there were none more beautiful under the sun, and
+of people who had animated these fair surroundings. The Fraser estates
+were among the finest in Britain, affording examples of beauty
+calculated to leave a very vivid impression on the youthful mind, and
+during his long life his early impressions had ever remained fresh and
+green. He remembered the time when the succession to the chiefship and
+estates was in hot dispute, and he knew how deeply the clansmen were
+moved by that contest. Down to that day the feeling of the clans was as
+strong as of old, and doubtless if occasion arose, it would prove to be
+strong still. At that time there were various claimants for the honors
+and possessions of the ancient house of Lovat, and as a boy he saw a
+good deal of those who were prominently concerned in the case. The
+Frasers were very anxious that the true heir by blood should succeed,
+and much was privately as well as openly done on behalf of the various
+contestants, according as the clansmen believed in the various claims
+put forward. As to the main object of their re-union that evening, he
+could do nothing but express his sincere hope that a strong association
+of the Frasers would be formed. There was no reason whatever why such an
+organization should not flourish in Canada, where those bearing the name
+could be numbered by thousands. He had the good fortune to know not a
+few Frasers in Canada, and he could honestly say that none of them, so
+far as he knew, ever did anything that in any way tarnished the good
+name of the Clan. He had great hopes of the success of the movement from
+the enthusiasm of the gathering, and from the fact that those who had
+taken the matter in hand were men of energy and capacity. He could now
+only thank them for having honored the toast in such a hospitable
+manner, and wish them all success in the projected organization.
+
+
+                       "THE CLAN IN CANADA."
+
+MR. R. LOVAT FRASER, Vice-chairman, in proposing the toast of "The Clan
+in Canada," said: The Clan in Canada is not, of course, as important as
+the Clan at large, but it has an importance altogether its own, and has
+a record not unworthy the parent stem. It is a branch of a goodly tree,
+and bears fruit of the finest quality. No clan has done more, if as
+much, for Canada as the Clan Fraser. Coming with the famous
+Seventy-Eighth regiment they did their duty at Louisburg and Quebec, and
+stamped the Clan name indelibly on the history of Canada, from ocean to
+ocean. Not only did they render services in the east, but in pioneer
+work helped to open up the west by travel, trade and commerce. A
+distinguished clansman and a relation of my friend on the right
+(Fraserfield) was the discoverer of the Fraser River. To those of us who
+highly prize the integrity of the British Empire it must be a source of
+pride to know that the part taken by the Seventy-Eighth in Lower Canada
+helped very much to keep the American continent for the British Crown.
+The history of that time clearly proves that had the fortunes of war
+been adverse in Canada to the British arms, the French would have been
+in a position to overrun and seize the whole of North America. This is a
+fact which is sometimes lost sight of, but is one of much satisfaction
+to us as clansmen. To those whose names have been coupled with this
+interesting toast, I must leave the duty of dealing at length with it,
+and I rejoice that both of them are gentlemen thoroughly familiar with
+the subject and of recognized ability as speakers. I refer to Mr. E. A.
+Fraser, barrister of Detroit, and our worthy friend, Mr. G. B. Fraser,
+of Toronto.
+
+MR. E. A. FRASER said: Mr. Vice-chairman, Chairman and Clansmen,
+although hailing from the other side of the line, I am a Canadian-born
+clansman, my native place being Bowmanville, near this beautiful Queen
+City. I passed my younger days in this province, attended the schools
+here, and am as familiar with the affairs of the country and with our
+clansmen in the country as those who have not left it to reside under
+another flag. I can therefore speak with confidence to this toast, but
+you will excuse me if I speak briefly, as the honor was unexpected, and
+I do not wish to make it appear that any words of mine that may come on
+the spur of the moment would be sufficient to lay before you, in proper
+form, what our Clan has done for Canada and the position which it
+occupies to-day in the affairs of the country. It is easy to speak of
+Louisburg and Quebec; it is easy to dilate on the names of distinguished
+clansmen familiar to us all for the prominent positions they have taken
+among their fellows, but the work performed by the Clan in Canada would
+not then be half told. We must go back to the hoary forests, to the
+backwoods, where the early settlers bent their energies to the opening
+up of the country. That noble pioneer work in which our clansmen shared,
+and shared in large numbers, it seems to me, has an importance that is
+not as often recognized as it ought to be. It is difficult for the
+imagination even to grasp the peculiar task that lay before the early
+settlers of this vast, heavily-timbered, unbroken, unopened, untravelled
+country. Now that we can take a seat in the railway car at Halifax and
+leave it at Vancouver, we can form but the very faintest conception of
+what this country was one hundred years ago, when those hardy
+mountaineers ranged themselves alongside the Lowland Scot, the
+Englishman, the Irishman, the German and the Frenchman, to hew down the
+lords of the forest, to turn the wilderness into well cultivated fields,
+to turn the log cabins into the mansions that now adorn the plains, and
+to form, as they do, a sturdy peasantry second to none in the world.
+When the pen of a genius has dealt with those times, a chapter will be
+written for the civilized world more interesting, probably, than any yet
+penned. We have to leave the high places of military fame and
+statesmanship and enter the factory and the counting-house to trace
+there the career of the pioneers of industry and commerce, and among
+them we find our clansmen performing those duties which the necessities
+of the country demanded. If we turn to the professions, our Clan is
+found to hold its own. To the church, to law, to medicine, to art, to
+politics, we have given men of whom we are proud. The walk of life in
+Canada that has not been trodden by a clansman would be only an
+undesirable one for any man to tread. If I may be permitted to say
+it--coming as I do from the great State of Michigan--I would say that in
+that State, where our clansmen are very numerous, they not only hold
+their own, but have attained to eminence in business and in the
+professions. We have men of distinguished ability at the head of the
+legal fraternity of our State; we have men whose genius in business has
+secured them wealth and position; we have men who in humbler spheres
+have rendered patriotic services to the State, and who, one and all,
+show that they have not lost the characteristics of the Clan in new
+associations and callings. Before sitting down I should like to express
+the great pleasure I have experienced at this gathering of clansmen. I
+would have come twice as far to be present, and trust that the
+organization, the formation of which will undoubtedly be sanctioned here
+to-night, will be the means of bringing us together frequently to enjoy
+ourselves as we are now doing.
+
+MR. G. B. FRASER, of Toronto, followed, in response to the same toast.
+He said: Mr. Vice-chairman, Chairman and Clansmen, I frequently have to
+regret my lack of ability to discharge a duty of this nature to my own
+satisfaction. The subject allotted to me is one with which I cannot
+claim to be unfamiliar. It is a subject of great interest, and on such
+an occasion as the present, a subject which ought to be treated with
+some detail in order to perpetuate the names and deeds of clansmen who
+have done their duty nobly and well by this the land of our adoption. I
+find myself, however, not lacking in material, but in that
+ability--which seems to be born in some men--to place my information
+lucidly and briefly before you. Some speakers have already referred, and
+others will, later on, refer to the origin of the Clan Fraser in Canada.
+I shall not trespass on that part of the subject, but coming down to
+this century we find a clansman whose name will ever live in Canada. I
+refer to Simon Fraser, the discoverer of the Fraser River, whose life,
+when it comes to be written, will certainly shed lustre on the Clan
+name. He was descended from a cadet family of the Lovats, came with his
+parents to Canada from the Eastern States, and settled at Glengarry. His
+worthy relative, Fraser of Fraserfield, sits here on my right, and proud
+I am to welcome him to this feast. John Fraser de Berry, the founder of
+the New Clan Fraser, was a man of extraordinary personality, whose
+acquaintance I first made at the time of the Trent affair. I happened to
+be in Montreal at that time, and received a telegram from De Berry that
+he wished to see me. He came from Quebec city, and we met in the St.
+Lawrence Hall. I was very much impressed with the singular interview
+which took place between us. Of course he was full of the project of his
+Clan Fraser, full of the history and genealogy of the Clan. He was an
+enthusiast, and in common with many enthusiasts could look but with
+impatience on the practical, prosaic side of things. With due formality,
+acting by what he believed to be his authority as a chieftain of the
+Clan, he invested me with power to raise a company of Frasers, in an
+allotted district in Western Ontario, which was delineated on a military
+plan in his possession. I could not do otherwise than accept the
+commission, which was that of captain, from this venerable-looking and
+earnest chief. Had I been able to withdraw from business, I have no
+doubt that I should have been, in a very short time, at the head of a
+company numbering at least one hundred stalwart clansmen, who would have
+given a good account of themselves in the field. But, as you are aware,
+the occasion for defence quickly passed away, and no more was heard of
+the proposed regiment of Frasers, of which my company was to have formed
+a part. The most remarkable fact which impressed itself upon me then,
+and one that I yet consider remarkable, was the manner in which De Berry
+had the Province divided into military districts on his maps, the exact
+information which he had regarding the locations in which the clansmen
+resided, and the mass of details with which he seemed to be perfectly
+familiar. I could not understand how he acquired all this information,
+but have been informed since, by some who were associated with him, that
+he spared no means to trace out every Fraser in the country, through the
+voters' lists, the township registration books and the village
+directories. The amount of work involved in such research must have been
+enormous, and I can well believe that for many years De Berry devoted
+his time, as a man of leisure, to this project. He also appointed me as
+one of the one hundred and eleven chieftains of the New Clan, the chief
+of which was a descendant of a cadet of the Lovat family, residing in
+Nova Scotia, but the organization was too unwieldy, and its objects were
+rather vague for practical purposes. For a number of years meetings were
+held in Montreal of a very interesting character, but with De Berry's
+death and that of a number of those more prominently associated with him
+interest died out, and now we hear of the New Clan no more. We can
+profit by their experience in our own undertaking, and doubtless we
+shall be able to form an organization which will live, and which will
+perpetuate the name and traditions associated with the name and with
+this new country. I have practically confined myself to De Berry's name,
+not because there is a lack of clansmen on my list, whose memories
+deserve to be perpetuated, such as, for instance, the founder of the
+Fraser Institute, in Montreal; John Fraser, the author; John A. Fraser,
+the artist; Judge Fraser and Colonel Fraser, of Glengarry; but because
+some of these will doubtless be alluded to by other speakers, and,
+because having devoted so much time to a man whose name and personality
+I cannot but regard as of peculiar interest to us, I have left myself
+but little time to refer to those clansmen whom I held, and still hold,
+in high esteem, and in whose name I thank you for the toast proposed and
+honored in such a fitting manner.
+
+
+                     "DISTINGUISHED CLANSMEN."
+
+MR. R. L. FRASER, the Vice-chairman, then proposed the toast of
+"Distinguished Clansmen in Art, Science, Literature, Theology, Arms and
+Politics." He said: I had almost concluded that all Frasers are
+distinguished clansmen, and distinguished in the highest sense of the
+word, though it were better, perhaps, to be more modest, and hence the
+division into which this toast has been divided. While we rightly draw
+much of our inspiration from the seat of the Clan across the sea, it is
+well that we should remember, and remember generously, those of our Clan
+in this country who have secured high positions in life. Among our
+artists the name "Fraser" takes high rank. Some of the Fraser artists I
+have known personally, and can bear testimony not only to their fame,
+but to their personal qualities. Canadian art owes much to Mr. J. A.
+Fraser and Mr. W. Lewis Fraser, now sojourning in Europe. Literature
+claims the names of James Lovat Fraser, the distinguished classical
+scholar, of John Fraser, of Donald Fraser, and others well known in
+Canada. Science also has its devotees and distinguished students,
+especially medical science and theology. Frasers both in Canada and in
+the old land have taken front rank in the profession of arms, and have
+distinguished themselves from the time of Sir Simon Fraser, the compeer
+and companion of Wallace and the savior of Scotland, down to the present
+day. In politics the Clan has certainly won its share of such honors as
+the public delight to bestow. The reply to this toast has been entrusted
+to a splendid array of able clansmen. For clansmen distinguished in
+arts, Ex-Mayor Fraser, of Petrolea, will reply; for those in science,
+Dr. J. B. Fraser; for those in theology, Dr. Mungo Fraser; for those in
+literature, Professor W. H. Fraser; for Frasers in war, Mr. Alexander
+Fraser (Fraserfield); and for those in politics, Mr. W. P. Fraser.
+
+[Illustration: Ex-MAYOR JOHN FRASER, 2ND VICE-CHAIRMAN.]
+
+EX-MAYOR FRASER, replying for the "Frasers in Art," said: Mr. Chairman
+and Gentlemen,--Your committee, in selecting me to speak for our
+clansmen in Art, acted of course on the assumption that I possessed the
+necessary qualifications for the task. At the outset, however, I must,
+in justice to all concerned, but more especially to the Frasers who have
+won distinction in art, confess that my attainments in that department
+are hardly such as to entitle me to a hearing in response to this
+important toast. But I am to some extent emboldened and sustained by the
+reflection that, as this is in a sense a family gathering, the
+shortcomings of a Fraser will pass, if not unobserved, at least without
+provoking unfriendly comment. Permit me then, on behalf of the artists
+of our Clan, to thank you for the cordial and enthusiastic manner in
+which you have received this toast. Among the many distinguished
+clansmen who have, in almost every sphere of human endeavor and
+usefulness, shed unfading lustre, not only upon our Clan, but upon
+humanity in general, our artists have secured an honored place. Of
+necessity, those of our Clan who have excelled in art are few in number;
+indeed, the artists of the world and of the ages might almost find
+standing room in this banquet hall. But our Clan has perhaps produced
+its quota, and some of them have taken high rank. It is not my purpose
+to mention the names of all; in fact, I am unable to name more than two,
+viz., Charles Fraser and John A. Fraser. The former was a distinguished
+portrait painter of South Carolina who died in 1860 at the age of 78
+years. He left a large number of portraits, all of which are said to
+have much artistic merit, and some of which have acquired considerable
+historic value. Of Mr. John A. Fraser it is hardly necessary to speak
+here. By his works we know him. A collection of Canadian paintings
+without one or more of his masterly representations of Canadian scenery
+would assuredly be incomplete. Let that suffice for our modern artists.
+It occurs to me, as it must have done to us all at one time or another,
+that our Clan must have produced great artists in the bygone ages.
+Assuredly Greece and Italy did not produce _all_ the old masters. The
+Fraser Clan nourished then and was of course represented in art; but,
+just as in the newspaper--the product of the "art preservative"--there
+is to be found an occasional artist who, impelled by modesty or an
+exaggerated regard for his personal safety, uses a _nom de plume_--for
+instance, "Junius," _Vox Populi_ or "A Disgusted Subscriber"--so there
+were, I fancy, in the days of long ago, Frasers in art who unmindful of
+posterity or perchance distrustful of their own powers, as genius so
+frequently is, worked under cover of such names as Raphael, Leonardo da
+Vinci, Michael Angelo, Canova, etc. A slight effort of the imagination
+will enable a Fraser to accept this theory.
+
+The Fraser has ever been great on the "tented field." There, indeed, he
+has won renown, for his "fierce, native daring" has never been
+surpassed. But there are still victories to be won, infinitely greater
+than any achieved in battle. The grandest painting is yet to be painted,
+and we who are the first in Canada to assemble in honor of our ancient
+and beloved Clan shall ever fondly cherish the hope that the first place
+in art will be occupied by a Fraser. But from whatever clan or country
+the master shall come, the Frasers will be among the first to do him
+honor.
+
+I thank you, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, for the patient hearing you
+have given me.
+
+                      *    *    *    *    *
+
+The reply to the part of this toast referring to "Science" was made by
+DR. J. B. FRASER, M. D., C. M., R. C. P. and S. K., Toronto. He said:
+Mr. Chairman, Vice-chairman, and Brother Clansmen, it gives me a great
+deal of pleasure to meet such a representative gathering of the old and
+distinguished "Clan Fraser" as we have here to-night. It arouses one's
+enthusiasm to think of the leading position our forefathers took in the
+history of Scotland, and the many deeds of valor performed on the battle
+field; and although they were pre-eminently noted as warriors, still we
+have many instances in which they shone in the realms of science. In
+replying to the toast of "The Frasers in Science," allow me to give you
+a few brief biographical sketches of a few of our ancestors.
+
+Sir Alexander Fraser, of Philorth, was born in 1537, and died in 1623.
+He succeeded his grandfather to the estates in 1569, and at once began
+to improve the estate and advance the welfare of his clansmen. At this
+time Philorth was the baronial burgh, and boasted of a commodious
+harbor; but after the improvements referred to he changed the name to
+Fraserburgh. Having conceived the idea of founding a university, in
+spite of the strenuous opposition of the town of Aberdeen, he obtained
+powers to build a university at Fraserburgh, with all the privileges of
+the older universities. The remains of this building still existed in
+1888. On account of his interest in education and high scholastic
+attainments he was knighted in 1594. His motto was "The glory of the
+honorable is to fear God."
+
+John Fraser, F. L. S., was born in 1750, and died in 1811. He was a
+noted botanist, and visited North America five times in search of new
+and unknown specimens. He collected a great many plants in Newfoundland
+and later on at Charleston, Virginia. In 1796 he visited St. Petersburg,
+where he was introduced to the notice of the Empress Catherine, who
+purchased his entire collection of plants. In 1798 he was appointed
+botanical collector to the Czar Paul, and by him sent to America for a
+fresh collection. As a tribute to his ability he was elected a Fellow of
+Linnean Society (F.L.S.)
+
+Sir Alexander Fraser, M. D., belonged to the Durris branch of the
+family. He was educated at Aberdeen University, and having risen by his
+skill high in the ranks of physicians and surgeons he was appointed
+physician to Charles II., whom he accompanied in his travels through
+Scotland. Spotswood, in his history of Scotland, speaks highly of his
+learning and skill. He died in 1681.
+
+Robt. Fraser, F. R. S., son of Rev. Geo. Fraser, was born in 1760, and
+educated in Glasgow University, where he obtained the degree of M. A.,
+when he was but 15 years of age. He studied for the Church of Scotland,
+and was appointed in an official capacity to the Prince of Wales,
+afterward George IV. In 1791 the Earl of Breadalbane asked him to
+accompany him on a tour through the Western Isles and the Highlands of
+Scotland, undertaken with the view of improving the state of the people.
+The Prince of Wales gave him leave, and at the same time stated his
+faith in his ability to plan some means by which the people would be
+benefited, and wished him success. He succeeded so well that he was
+chosen to conduct a statistical survey of Ireland, and was the means of
+originating several important works, among others the harbor of
+Kingstown, sometimes called Queenstown. He published several works on
+agriculture, mines, mineralogy, fish, etc. He died in 1831.
+
+Simon Fraser was an explorer of some note, and was sent by the Hudson's
+Bay Company to establish new trading posts, and prospect for minerals,
+etc. He wrote many papers from 1806 to 1808. The Fraser river was named
+after him.[4]
+
+[Footnote 4: See sketch of his life later on.]
+
+Lewis Fraser was a zoologist of some note, and was appointed as curator
+of the Zoological Society of London. He travelled through South America,
+studying the character and habits of different animals and birds, and as
+the result of his travels published a work called "Zoologia Typica," or
+figures of rare and new animals. In 1888 his son was curator of the
+Zoological and General Sections of the Indian Museum of Calcutta.
+
+William Fraser, LL. D., was born in 1817 in Banffshire, and was ordained
+pastor of the Free Middle congregation of Paisley in 1849. In 1872 the
+University of Glasgow conferred on him the degree of LL. D., on account
+of his scientific attainments. In 1873, in recognition of his long
+services as President of the Philosophical Society, he was presented
+with a microscope and purse of sovereigns. He died in 1879.
+
+[Illustration: MR. WILLIAM A. FRASER, SECRETARY-TREASURER.]
+
+Alexander Campbell Fraser, D. C. L., LL. D., was born in 1819. His
+father was a minister and his mother a sister of Sir Duncan Campbell. He
+was educated in the Universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in 1842
+won a prize for his essay on "Toleration." In 1859 he was Dean of the
+Faculty in Arts, University of Edinburgh, and in 1871 was appointed
+Examiner in Moral Science; the same year he received the degree of LL.
+D. from the University of Glasgow. Later he was appointed Examiner in
+Moral Science and Logic at the India Civil Service Examinations. He was
+elected a member of the Athenian Club--without a ballot--for eminence
+in literature and philosophy. He afterward received the Degree of D. C.
+L., Oxford University.
+
+Professor Thos. Richard Fraser, M. D., F. R. S., was born in Calcutta,
+India, in 1841, and graduated in medicine in Edinburgh in 1862. In 1863
+he acted as Assistant Professor of Materia Medica, and in 1869 was
+appointed as Assistant Physician in the Royal Infirmary. He was
+afterward appointed Examiner in Materia Medica in London University, and
+was elected Medical Health Officer for Mid-Cheshire; he was also
+appointed Examiner in Public Health by London University. He was Dean of
+the Faculty in 1880. He is a F. R. S., F. R. C. P., Edinburgh; member of
+the Pharmaceutical Society, Britain; corresponding member of the
+Therapeutical Society of Paris, and of the Academy of Natural Sciences
+of Philadelphia. When the International Medical Congress met in London
+in 1881 he was appointed president of one section, and again president
+of one section in 1885. His work has been chiefly in the direction of
+determining the physiological effects of medicinal substances, with the
+view of establishing an accurate and rational basis for the treatment of
+disease.
+
+I have now mentioned some of the names recorded in history of Frasers
+that were distinguished in Science, and as I have occupied more than my
+share of time, I will take my seat, conscious that I have been able to
+mention but a few of the many clansmen distinguished for their
+scientific attainments. As I said at the outset I have enjoyed a great
+deal of pleasure in this gathering of clansmen. In looking over the
+record of a few of our brethren distinguished in science, so as to glean
+a few facts for this occasion, I recognized more than ever before the
+substantial services rendered to mankind by men bearing our name, and
+now that we have foregathered a small company, it may be, but a select
+one, I feel that you share with me the pride with which we regard our
+Clan and name.
+
+                     *    *    *    *    *
+
+PROFESSOR W. H. FRASER, in replying to the sentiment, "Distinguished
+Clansmen in Literature," said: Gentlemen,--I thank you heartily for the
+way in which you have received this toast, and for the honor you confer
+on me in asking me to answer for our distinguished literary clansmen
+living and dead.
+
+Literature is the mirror of life. Life is action: literature is
+contemplation and words. My knowledge of the history of the Clan leads
+me to the conclusion that most of its distinguished members were men of
+deeds rather than words, and that they lived at times and under
+circumstances when deeds rather than words had value--men like Sir
+Alexander, who fought by Robert Bruce's side at Bannockburn, or that
+other Sir Alexander Mackenzie Fraser of the last century, described by
+contemporaries as "mild as a lamb and strong as a lion," who had said to
+him in public by his General, "Colonel Fraser, you and your regiment
+have this day saved the British army," or the Fraser who fought with
+Wolfe before Quebec, and a host of others. These men did not write
+literature, but perhaps they were better employed. I think they were,
+but at any rate they are the men who furnish the basis for
+literature--heroism, fidelity and devotion.
+
+The Clan has, however, not been wanting in scholars and writers, nor in
+those who patronized and furthered learning. What think you of a
+Fraser--Sir Alexander of Philorth--who in the 16th century built a grand
+University? It is getting to be the fashion now for rich men to build
+and endow seats of learning, but a man with such foresight and
+generosity in those early times in Scotland is surely deserving of all
+praise.
+
+Although not a few of the early Frasers won fame by the sword, some
+wielded to good purpose that mightier weapon, the pen. Such was James
+Fraser of Brea, in Ross-shire, who wrote copiously on theology, and who
+went to prison, by orders of Archbishop Sharp, as a preacher at
+conventicles. Another divine and scholar was James Fraser, of
+Pitcalzian, in Ross-shire, a son of the manse; a famous controversialist
+he was, and wrote a book against the Arminianism of Grotius that has
+kept its ground in Scotland till the present day, although he died as
+long ago as 1769.
+
+These are some of our older literary celebrities. Time will not permit
+me to mention all those who belong to the present century, or whose
+lives extended into it. There was Archibald Campbell Fraser of Lovat,
+38th McShimi, who died in 1815. As a school-boy he saw the fight at
+Culloden, and was afterwards Foreign Consul in Barbary, and was author
+of the "Annals of the patriots of the family of Fraser, Frizell, Simson
+or Fitzsimson." It must in truth have been a mighty book if it recorded
+them all. A curious piece of literature from his pen was the very long
+and very laudatory epitaph for his own tomb erected by himself.
+
+Robert Fraser, of Pathhead, Fifeshire, lived up till 1839. He was an
+ironmonger, but of such remarkable literary and linguistic tastes that
+in leisure moments he acquired Latin, Greek, French, German, Italian
+and Spanish. His poetry, which I regret is not accessible to me, was, it
+is said, characterized by fine feeling and nicety of touch. Truly a
+remarkable man. His ruling passion was strong in death, for he passed
+out of life dictating some translations of Norwegian and Danish poems.
+
+There are other ways of making literature besides writing it yourself.
+James Fraser, an Inverness man, was one of those who have made
+literature by proxy. Who does not know Fraser's Magazine? that pioneer
+publication in this field of literature, dating from 1830, with its
+famous contributors like Thackeray, Carlyle, J. A. Froude and Father
+Prout. This Fraser was also a famous publisher, a man of taste and
+judgment, and did more to advance literature than almost any man of his
+time, notwithstanding Carlyle's reference to him as "that infatuated
+Fraser with his dog's-meat tart of a magazine."
+
+Contemporary with Fraser of the magazine was James Baillie Fraser, also
+an Inverness man and a famous traveller who explored the Himalaya
+Mountains, and who was the first European to reach the sources of the
+Jumna and Ganges. He came home, and wrote an account of his travels. A
+little later he donned Persian costume, explored the larger part of
+Persia, and wrote a two-volume account of his journey. Turning to
+romance, he wrote "Kuggilbas," a tale of Khorasain; and this was the
+first of a long list of Eastern tales, histories and travels, the mere
+enumeration of which would take us on pretty far towards to-morrow
+morning.
+
+A beautiful and sympathetic literary figure is that of Lydia Falconer
+Fraser, the wife of Hugh Miller. Here are some lines from a poem of
+hers on the death of their first-born child:
+
+           "Thou'rt awa, awa, from thy mother's side,
+             And awa, awa, from thy father's knee;
+           Thou'rt awa from our blessing, our care, our caressing,
+             But awa from our hearts thou'lt never be.
+
+                       *    *    *    *    *
+
+           Thou'rt awa, awa, from the bursting spring time,
+             Tho' o'er thy head its green boughs wave;
+           The lambs are leaving their little foot-prints
+             On the turf of thy new-made grave."
+
+What gentleness and sweetness in these lines! One of her prose works,
+"Cats and Dogs," still holds its own as one of the minor classics of
+natural history.
+
+Rev. Robert William Fraser, a Perthshire man, succeeded Rev. Dr. Guthrie
+in St. John's Church, Edinburgh, in 1847, and was a learned and eloquent
+divine and a diligent pastor. He found time to write all but one of a
+dozen of important works on divinity, history, physical and natural
+science. He was a solid man.
+
+I must not omit William Fraser, the educational reformer who helped
+David Stow to carry out his training system for teachers in Scotland,
+and who later investigated Scottish education, and wrote an important
+book on the subject of which the results were afterwards embodied in
+legislation. He died in 1879.
+
+Along with him may well be mentioned the late James Fraser, Bishop of
+Manchester, a very famous man from Forfarshire, one of the Frasers of
+Durris, of whom it has been said that there has not been in this
+generation a more simple or noble soul. He interests us especially for
+his work in education, and forms a connecting link between our school
+system and English educational reform, for he visited Canada and the
+United States in 1865, and drew up a report which his biographer,
+Thomas Hughes, calls "a superb, an almost unique piece of work." It was
+the basis of the Foster Act of 1870, by which enormous changes were
+introduced in the direction of the American system.
+
+Worthy of being put by his side was Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D., who died
+two years ago, of whom we should hear more under the head of theology.
+He received part of his education in old Knox College, Toronto, and was
+pastor of the Cote Street Church, Montreal, from which he was called to
+Inverness, thence to London, England.
+
+In my mass of material, I had almost forgotten Patrick Lord Fraser, who
+died only five years ago. He was a very great man of the law, one of
+Scotland's greatest, and wrote extensively on legal subjects.
+
+The Frasers, however, were not all heavy writers. Many of us remember
+John Fraser, who met his death by accident in Ottawa in 1872. He was
+best known as "Cousin Sandy." He had been a chartist before coming to
+Canada. He was a tailor by trade, and laid aside the needle for that
+other sharp pointed instrument, the pen. Most of his work was
+controversial and sarcastic. Here is a sample of his rollicking verse,
+reminding one strongly of the Ingoldsby legends:
+
+     "William Blyth was a scape-grace--as many boys are--
+      Who with prudence and forethought was always at war;
+      His genius was active; I've heard, or have read,
+      That his grandma was nervous; his father was dead;
+      And his mother, released from connubial vows,
+      Brought home to her dwelling a second hand spouse,
+      Who gave her a heart, somewhat hard and obtuse,
+      In exchange for her furniture ready for use.
+      Now William like others, without leave would roam,
+      And be absent when lather the second came home;
+      So he of the step, which step-father should be,
+      Said 'To save the lad's _morals_ we'll send him to sea.'"
+
+The boy was confined in a water-cask for bad conduct.
+
+     "And the wave cleared the deck of the vessel, and she
+      Like one half 'seas over' rolled about in the sea.
+      Then a shriek was heard, and the boatswain roar'd
+      'There's Bill and the tub gone overboard!'"
+
+He floated to shore after an interview with a shark, a cow switched her
+tail against the tub, and Bill caught it while the cow fled, and wrecked
+the tub, but saved Bill's life, although he remained unconscious.
+
+     "But was roused from his swoon by a beautiful Yankee
+      Who brought dough-nuts and tea, it was genuine Twankay.
+      An angel of light in the garb of humanity,
+      And that garb of the Saxony's best superfine,
+      What her countrymen term the 'real genuine.'
+      Bill was charmed and concluded, with some show of reason,
+      That to her annexation could never be treason."
+
+And he was annexed in due time.
+
+We have some poets still living, Gordon Fraser, John W. Fraser, and
+others; on them I must touch lightly. Gordon is a writer on "Lowland
+Lore," and writes good ballads of his own, like the one beginning:
+
+      "'Twas an eerie nicht, an' the storm-cluds lower'd,
+        An the lichtnin's glent was keen,
+      An' the thunner roll'd, but nane were cower'd
+        I' the clachan till-hous bien."
+
+It is a fearsome ghost story well told.
+
+John W. is a very charming writer. His ballad of the courtship of "Bell"
+is first-rate, and it begins:
+
+        "Sin' Bell cam' to bide in our toun,
+          The warl' has a' gaen ajee;
+        She has turned a' the heads o' the men,
+          And the women wi' envy will dea.
+        O, but Bell's bonnie!
+          Dink as a daisy is she;
+        Her e'en are as bricht as the starnies
+          That shine in the lift sae hie."
+
+Such are some of our literary men, and they are very creditable
+specimens. I know that I have left out more than I have given. I have
+not said a word about all the Frasers in Gaelic literature, whose name
+must be legion, because I cannot follow them in that language.
+
+Our Clan has a good proportion of the literary in it, and I believe we
+are all literary critics. I never knew a Fraser yet who had not
+excellent literary taste and judgment. The reasons why more literature
+has not been produced is very clear to my mind, and depends on a
+prominent characteristic of the Clan--great modesty. This must be thrown
+aside if you are going to rush into literature. Many a Fraser has had it
+in him to produce the highest sort of literature, who from this cause
+has never written a line for the public. When the Clan succeeds in
+throwing off this defect, we may expect the production of literary works
+on a par with the best that has been written.
+
+                     *    *    *    *    *
+
+The reply to the toast of "Frasers in Theology" was entrusted to the
+REV. MUNGO FRASER, D.D., of Hamilton, who had to leave by train for home
+before this toast was reached. His reply summarised is as follows:
+"There are many clansmen who stand high in theology, if we be allowed to
+understand by that term the wider and more comprehensive sphere of work
+in the Church of Christ. In the memory of those who admire subjective
+writings of an extremely searching character, the name of the Rev. James
+Fraser, of Brea, will occupy an undying place. To those who give the
+highest rank among ministers to pulpit ability, the Frasers of Kirkhill,
+for three generations, will afford examples of eloquence and those gifts
+of oratorical power that appeal so irresistibly to the popular ear. By
+those who regard the administrative functions of the pastor as of
+importance, the name of Bishop Fraser, of Manchester, is justly
+esteemed, and in a less prominent, but not less important degree, the
+name of Dr. William Fraser, for a long period the senior clerk of the
+Presbyterian Church in Canada; and theological literature finds a writer
+of ability and copiousness in Dr. Donald Fraser, at one time of Montreal
+and afterwards of London, England. The Clan contributed a great many
+names to the roll of distinguished clergymen, men who, in their
+different spheres, rendered noble service to the cause of Christ. And
+among them are men, some of whose names have been mentioned by the
+Vice-chairman, of ability, of high character, whose personal influence
+over the people was strongly felt. In Canada the name of Fraser has an
+honored place among the ministers of the churches. They are doing their
+duty nobly and well, and if the names of some of them be not widely
+known outside of their own country, it must not be forgotten that a
+clergyman's best fame and best reward is his good name among those for
+whom he directly labors, and for whose welfare he gives his best
+endeavors. Did time permit, it would be comparatively easy to speak at
+length of those who have held their own in the theological sphere, but
+sufficient has probably been said to indicate that the Clan has done its
+duty in one of the most interesting and important fields of human effort
+open for the welfare of man.
+
+                     *    *    *    *    *
+
+The part of the toast dealing with "the Frasers in War," was replied to
+by MR. ALEXANDER FRASER (of Fraserfield, Glengarry). He said: After what
+we have heard of the Clan this evening we must come to the conclusion
+that it has always been distinguished for its military spirit, and I
+regret on that account, all the more, that the duty has fallen upon me
+to reply to the "Frasers in War." Not that I do not appreciate to the
+fullest extent that spirit which distinguished them and probably in no
+small degree share it, but I am not a man of words, and I feel I shall
+not be able, even in a small way, to do justice to this theme.
+Undoubtedly the military character of the Clan goes back to its very
+origin, for if the Frasers did come from Normandy, they must have been
+selected on account of their military ability, for those were the days
+when length and strength of arm and good generalship were the most
+valuable qualifications a man could possess. But, coming down to the
+earlier times in Scotland, we find our clansmen heading the warlike and
+chivalrous nobles of that country, in their devotion to the Crown, and
+in their exploits in the field in defence of country and patrimony. I
+need not enter into a detailed description of the times when the Lowland
+Frasers served their country and their king with an unswerving devotion
+whose lustre time will not dim, nor the researches of modern historians
+tarnish. Down through history in the Highlands they have ever shown
+themselves to be a brave and warlike race, furnishing individuals of
+conspicuous ability and distinction in arms. No treatment of this toast
+would be complete that should omit a reference to Fraser's Highlanders
+that embarked under the command of the Chief of the Clan in 1757, and
+took part with Wolfe's army in all the engagements, from Louisburg to
+the close of the war. At Quebec the Frasers distinguished themselves in
+an especial manner. In the struggles which took place early in the
+century, between the Canadians and Americans, the Frasers did their
+duty, proving that down to our own times they maintained their old
+reputation. In the British army, from the formation of the Highland
+regiments, in 1739, to the present day, the Clan has given many
+distinguished officers and many brave men to its country's service, and
+I know I can speak with truth when I say that the old spirit still
+prevails, whether you look at home or abroad. So true is this that I may
+conclude these remarks in the stereotyped words of the after-dinner
+speaker by saying that should the occasion ever demand it, the Frasers
+will be ever ready to draw their claymores and shed their blood in the
+country's service as of yore.
+
+MR. W. P. FRASER spoke for "The Frasers in Politics." He said: Mr.
+Chairman, Vice-chairman and Brother Clansmen, it would seem that the
+toast of distinguished clansmen is quite an inexhaustible one. Much has
+been said of our clansmen in the various ranks of life, but I believe no
+more than is deserved. As a matter of course the Frasers have ranked
+high in politics. We have not had a Prime Minister of the name in the
+Dominion of Canada, but we have given to the Legislatures of Ontario,
+Quebec, and the Lower Provinces, many of their most useful members,
+their most eloquent speakers, and their most responsible statesmen. We
+have borne our share of public duty in this country, both in the rank
+and file of political workers, and as leaders. I do not need to go far
+afield to find some of the more striking examples. There is one name so
+long and honorably associated with the fortunes of this Province that it
+merits premier recognition. I refer to that of the Hon. Christopher
+Finlay Fraser, who would have responded to this toast himself to-night,
+were it not that he has been suffering from severe illness for some
+time, and has not sufficiently recovered to take his place among us.
+Reference has been made to his letter of regret, and I feel sure that
+every word in it is true--that it is the outcome of his sincere
+feeling; for Mr. Fraser is as much a clansman as he is a politician, and
+has ever manifested the same deep interest in matters connected with his
+Clan, as he has displayed in the public duties which he is called upon
+to perform. The position which he occupies, the services which he has
+rendered, his wide sphere of influence, his sterling honesty and
+unblemished record--these lie as an open book before you. For me to
+expatiate upon them would be quite superfluous. His name will go down in
+the annals of our statesmen as one of the most competent Ministers of
+the Crown who ever held office in this Province, as one of subtle
+intellect who served his country and his party in great crises, as one
+who gave his talents generously and disinterestedly to the welfare of
+his fellow-beings, and in a peculiar manner helped to lay the
+foundations of a great nationality in this country. Another of our
+clansmen, whose telegram of regret shows that he has been intercepted on
+the way from the far east to our gathering, has made the name famous in
+the politics of Canada, and is likely to attain to still greater
+eminence in the future. At his home in Nova Scotia he has long been
+known as a man of probity, ability, and capacity for public duty. It is
+not so long ago that he was first heard of in these western parts, but
+already he has sprung into notice, and his services are in request at
+many public gatherings. I am sure we all regret the absence of Mr. D. C.
+Fraser, M.P. for Guysboro', to-night. He is not only a politician but a
+patron of learning and celtic literature. To his generous heart and open
+hand many a struggling Highlander owes much, and through his
+encouragement not a few scholarly productions have seen the light of
+day. Were I to venture beyond Canada I should find Frasers playing a
+prominent part in the field of politics in South Africa, in the
+Australias, in the East Indies, and even in South America. It was only
+the other day we heard of a clansman born in Nova Scotia, but of good
+Inverness stock, who had been appointed delegate to the Inter-colonial
+Conference to be held in Ottawa this summer. I refer to the Hon. Simon
+Fraser, of Victoria. I have no doubt his clansmen here will be glad to
+welcome him, and to wish the utmost success to his mission. I must
+refrain at this hour from any reference to what Frasers have done in
+political life in the old land. The chiefs of the Clan numbered among
+them many men of eminence in politics. Of these we have heard something
+already to-night, and when the call of public duty comes, I feel sure a
+Fraser will be ready to step forward to perform his part in a worthy
+manner.
+
+
+
+
+                            ORGANIZATION.
+
+
+A resolution was carried in favor of the formation of an organization of
+clansmen in Canada, having for its main objects the promotion of social
+intercourse among the members, the collection of facts from which to
+prepare a biographical album of the members and other clansmen, and the
+promotion of objects which may be of interest to the Clan; and that
+those present form a general committee to act in the matter, the
+Committee of this gathering to act as an Executive Committee, for the
+purpose of drafting a constitution for the Clan to be submitted to the
+next gathering of the Clan.
+
+     The Clan song, composed by request, for this gathering, by Mrs.
+     Georgina Fraser Newhall, and set to music composed by Mr. J. Lewis
+     Browne, will be found, with a biographical sketch and portrait of
+     the authoress, on pages 93 to 97.
+
+
+
+
+                     GEORGINA FRASER NEWHALL.
+
+             AUTHORESS OF "FRASER'S DRINKING SONG."
+
+
+[Illustration: MRS. GEORGINA FRASER NEWHALL]
+
+"The Frasers of Stratherrick, where are they?" To this pensive question
+by Charles Fraser Mackintosh comes an oft echoed and lusty answer from
+many distant lands. Indeed the question is, "Where are they not?" for it
+is safe to say that there is no country where the English language
+to-day prevails, in which Stratherrick may not claim a son. Their new
+homes have not the historical charm of the old, but wherever the Frasers
+have gone, away from the home of their fathers, they have acquitted
+themselves well. A scion of a Stratherrick house was James George
+Fraser, who many years ago settled at Galt, Ontario. Like his brother
+Capt. Charles Fraser, now residing in Glasgow, Scotland, he was attached
+to a Highland regiment in his younger days, but withdrawing from the
+service, he came to Canada with his young wife, Christina MacLeod. At
+Galt was born a family of three sons, William, Charles and Andrew, and
+four daughters, Christina, Jessie, Elizabeth and Georgina, the youngest
+of whom is the subject of this brief sketch. On the maternal side her
+descent is traced from the families of Lochend and Braemore. Her
+great-grand parents were George Mackenzie, second son of John Mackenzie
+I. of Lochend (of the Gairloch family), and Christina, daughter of
+Captain Hector Munro of Braemore. George Mackenzie was a distinguished
+officer, and attained to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel of the famous
+Rosshire Buffs, the 78th Highlanders. His daughter Christina married
+Angus MacLeod of Banff with issue, two sons, Donald and George, and
+several daughters, of whom Christina, as already stated, married James
+G. Fraser of Galt, Ontario.
+
+Georgina Fraser was born about the beginning of the sixties, and was
+educated in the public and high schools of her native town. After the
+death of her parents she removed to Toronto, and taking up the study of
+shorthand entered upon the life of an amanuensis and teacher of
+stenography. She taught large classes in the towns surrounding Toronto,
+and in Victoria University, when that institution was located at
+Cobourg. She was the first woman in Canada to adopt this profession as a
+means of self-support, and to her belongs the honor of adding a new
+vocation to those upon which Canadian women may enter. In addition to
+these duties Miss Fraser undertook journalistic work, and was the first
+lady writer in Toronto to conduct the department devoted to woman's
+interests, now so important a weekly feature in the great dailies in
+Canada.
+
+In 1884, while occupying the important position of Assistant Secretary
+to General Manager Oakes of the Northern Pacific Railway at St. Paul,
+Minn., she became the wife of Mr. E. P. Newhall, of the Pacific Express
+Co. in Omaha.
+
+Notwithstanding household cares and ill-health Mrs. Newhall still finds
+time to indulge in her old taste for literature, wielding an earnest pen
+in advocacy of those reforms which most interest women of advanced
+thought. She has achieved considerable fame as a writer of short
+stories, and her compositions of verse bear the mark of the true poet's
+touch.
+
+As a clanswoman Mrs. Newhall is fond of claiming the right to call
+herself a "black" Fraser, nature having endowed her with that darkness
+of hair and eyebrow which is supposed to stamp all the possessors
+thereof as "true Frasers."
+
+
+
+
+                   FRASER'S DRINKING SONG.
+
+     (The Fraser Motto is "JE SUIS PREST"--"I AM READY.")
+
+Words by GEORGINA FRASER NEWHALL.              Music by J. LEWIS BROWNE.
+
+
+[Illustration of musical score of Fraser's Drinking Song]
+
+
+                 FRASER'S DRINKING SONG.
+
+                          1
+
+All ready?
+    Let us drink to the woman who rules us to-night--
+    To her lands; to her laws; 'neath her flag we will smite
+    Ev'ry foe,
+    Hip and thigh,
+    Eye for eye,
+    Blow for blow--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+                          2
+
+All ready?
+    Then here's to the mothers who bore us, my men;
+    To the shieling that sleeps in the breast of the glen
+    Where the stag
+    Drinks it fill
+    From the rill
+    By the crag--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+                          3
+
+All ready?
+    Fill your glass to the maid you adore, my boys;
+    Wish her health, wish her wealth, long life, and all joys;
+    Full measure
+    (May it swim
+    To the brim)
+    Of pleasure--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+                          4
+
+All ready?
+    And here's to the country we live in, my lads;
+    It is here we have struggled and thriven, my lads?
+    God bless it,
+    May Beauty
+    And Duty
+    Possess it--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+                          5
+
+All ready?
+    A Fraser! A Fraser forever, my friends;
+    While he lives how he hates, how he loves till life ends;
+    He is first,
+    Here's my hand,
+    Into grand
+    Hurrah burst--
+                  Are you ready?
+
+
+
+
+                           SIMON FRASER.
+
+                  DISCOVERER OF THE FRASER RIVER.
+
+
+The life-work of the discoverer of the Fraser River illustrates the
+pioneer spirit which animated the early settlers of Canada. There was
+the pluck, the love of adventure, the endurance, the prompt response to
+the call of duty, the expansive idea which kept abreast of ever opening
+possibilities, and the rare tact displayed in new, embarrassing and
+important transactions. Simon Fraser was in many respects a great man
+and one of whom his clansmen may well feel proud. His grandfather was
+William Fraser, of Culbokie, whose wife Margaret Macdonell, of
+Glengarry, was the possessor of the famous _Balg Solair_ in which was
+stowed away a manuscript of Ossianic poetry, which figures in the
+dissertations on the authenticity of MacPherson's Ossian, and regarding
+which the following interesting passage occurs in the correspondence of
+the late Bishop Alexander Macdonell: "I myself saw a large MS. of
+Ossian's poems in the possession of Mrs. Fraser of Culbokie, in
+Strathglass, which she called "_am Balg Solair_" (a bag of fortuitous
+goods). This lady's residence being between my father's house and the
+school where I used to attend with her grandchildren, at her son's,
+Culbokie House, by way of coaxing me to remain on cold nights at her own
+house, she being cousin to my father, she used to take up the _Balg
+Solair_, and read pieces of it to me. Although a very young boy at the
+time, I became so much enraptured with the rehearsal of the achievements
+of the heroes of the poem, and so familiar with the characters,
+especially of Oscar, Cathmor, and Cuthchullin, that when MacPherson's
+translation was put into my hands in the Scotch college of Valladolid in
+Spain, many years afterwards, it was like meeting old friends with whom
+I had been intimately acquainted. Mrs. Fraser's son, Simon, who had a
+classical education, and was an excellent Gaelic scholar, on emigrating
+to America in the year 1774, took the _Balg Solair_ with him as an
+invaluable treasure. On the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, Mr.
+Fraser joined the Royal Standard, was taken prisoner by the Americans
+and thrown into jail, where he died."
+
+William, of Culbokie, and his wife Margaret Macdonell had nine sons. Of
+these, Archibald and John fought under Wolfe at Quebec. John settled at
+Montreal, and became Chief Justice of the Montreal district. In 1774, or
+more probably in 1773, Simon left home, and settled near Bennington,
+Vermont. Here his son, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1776. His
+mother and her family came to Canada after the death of his father (as
+stated above), and settled in Glengarry. Simon was the youngest of the
+family. He was placed in school in Montreal, where he resided with his
+uncle, the Chief Justice. In 1792, at the age of sixteen, he became an
+articled clerk with McTavish, Frobisher & Co., to the North-West Fur
+Trading Co., which had its headquarters in Montreal. In 1802 he became a
+partner, and subsequently went out to the far North. In 1805 he came
+down from Fort Athabasca to Fort William, and was then nominated to
+cross the Rocky Mountains, to extend out-posts and form trading
+connections with the Indians. He responded at once to the call. He said
+he would undertake the expedition provided they gave him a sufficient
+outfit. This the Company were only too glad to do. It was a very
+hazardous undertaking. He crossed the mountains with thirty men--clerks,
+axemen, guides and interpreters. He soon found himself in a wild and
+desolate region. As he went on he built block-houses, and took
+possession of the country in the name of the King. In 1806 he discovered
+the river which takes its name from him. He discovered many rivers and
+lakes which he named after different members of the Company. He traced
+the Fraser river to its source, and met many different tribes of
+Indians, some friendly, others hostile. At one time they met different
+tribes who were very friendly and made a great feast for them; they
+killed their _fattest dog_ for him, which of course he feigned to eat;
+but at the same feast the chiefs held a council and decided to put him
+to death, which the interpreter, who understood their language, told
+him, and they stole quietly away. He first named the river now known as
+the Fraser river, the "Great River," and called the place "New
+Caledonia." Here he left some of the party, and crossed westerly into
+the open country, and built another house near a lake, which he called
+Fraser's Lake. He was now with four men in the midst of Indians who had
+never before either seen or heard of the "pale face." On the border of
+this lake he witnessed an Indian ceremony. He was brought by the Indians
+to where they had a large burying-ground, where one of the Chiefs of
+their tribe was being buried. An immense number of warriors were
+assembled, and after a most solemn and impressive ceremony, Mr. Fraser
+was invited by signs to approach the grave. He did so, and gave immense
+satisfaction by engraving his name on a post which had been planted over
+the remains of the departed warrior. In July, 1807, he received fresh
+supplies from the North-West Co., who at the same time urged him to
+trace with all possible speed the "Great River" to the Sea, they being
+apprehensive that the Americans would get ahead of the British in that
+quarter, as in the previous year 1806, Captains Lewis and Clarke had
+gone down the "Columbia," and were extending American authority along
+the western coast of America, and Astor, on the part of the Americans,
+was also looking anxiously towards the northern section.
+
+The North-West Co. therefore urged Mr. Fraser to spare no expense in
+achieving the object of their desires.
+
+Mr. Fraser built another trading-house on the "Great River" in 1807, and
+reached the Ocean in July, 1808. He remained but a short time there on
+account of the hostility of the Indians.
+
+Returning he again met numerous and large bodies of Indians speaking
+several different languages. They assembled to see the wonderful pale
+faces who had come among them. An idea of how they regarded white men
+may be formed from the fact that when hundreds of them were congregated
+together, at the discharge of a single rifle they would fall prostrate
+on the ground, so great was their astonishment. Had it not been for Mr.
+Fraser's wonderful energy and enterprise, there would not be a railroad
+to-day from ocean to ocean over British territory.
+
+
+
+
+                        SIMON, LORD LOVAT.
+
+                     BEHEADED ON TOWER HILL.
+
+[Illustration: The Right Honourable Simon Lord Frasier of Lovat, Chief
+of the Clan of the Frasers &c.]
+
+No Fraser chief has achieved more notoriety than Simon, the fourteenth
+Lord Lovat. His enemies avenged themselves for the failure of their
+nefarious plots against him by supplying, at a cheap rate, the charcoal
+with which prejudiced historians have blackened his memory. But while
+his fate is still held up as a warning to evil doers, it has been
+proved, beyond peradventure, that his character has been much maligned,
+and that he appears rather as a man of inexhaustible resources, availing
+himself of whatever means lay nearest to his hand to extricate himself
+from enormous difficulties and to attain objects which, though of
+personal advantage to himself and Clan, were as honorable as they were
+just, and wholly in keeping with the customs of his day. His efforts to
+secure the chiefship and the honors of his house, and to extend the
+power of the Clan, were genuinely patriotic. His Lordship certainly was
+a man of learning and ability. He was an admirable letter writer, and
+passages in his correspondence show that he had wonderful facility in
+writing and a capital style.
+
+The picture here given is from a mezzo-tint in possession of Mr. B.
+Homer Dixon, from a painting of Lord Lovat, by David Le Clerc, a Swiss
+who was in England in 1715 and 1716. The picture which is supposed to
+have been taken in 1715, when Lord Lovat was about forty-eight years
+old, is marked: "Le Clare, _pinxt_. J. Simon, _fecit_." Although armour
+had been disused before Lord Lovat's time, it was the fashion at that
+period for gentlemen to be painted in armour. The mezzo-tint is very
+rare.
+
+
+
+
+                   BRIGADIER SIMON FRASER.
+
+
+[Illustration: BRIGADIER-GENERAL FRASER, YOUNGER OF BALNAIN.]
+
+Among the officers of Fraser's Highlanders were several clansmen
+destined to rise high in military distinction. Of them few are better
+known in the Clan than Captain Simon Fraser of Balnain, afterwards
+Quarter-Master General in Ireland, a post which he quitted to serve as
+Brigadier-General in Burgoyne's Army in America. He had served in the
+Scotch regiment in the Dutch service, and was wounded at Bergen-op-Zoom.
+He spoke French perfectly and to this accomplishment and his coolness
+was due his signal service at Quebec, where he saved the transports from
+discovery at a critical moment before the precipice was scaled.
+
+Smollet relates the incident as follows:--"The French had posted
+sentries along shore to challenge boats and vessels and give the alarm
+occasionally. The first boat that contained the English troops being
+questioned accordingly, a captain of Fraser's regiment, who had served
+in Holland, and who was perfectly well acquainted with the French
+language and customs, answered without hesitation to _qui vive_?--which
+is their challenging word--_La France_; nor was he at a loss to answer
+the second question, which was much more particular and difficult. When
+the sentinel demanded, _a quel regiment_? the captain replied, _de la
+reine_, which he knew by accident to be one of those that composed the
+body commanded by Bougainville. The soldier took it for granted this was
+the expected convoy (a convoy of provisions expected that night for the
+garrison of Quebec), and, saying _passe_, allowed all the boats to
+proceed without further question. In the same manner the other sentries
+were deceived; though one, more wary than the rest, came running down
+to the water's edge and called, _pour quoi est ce que vous ne parlez
+pas haut?_ 'Why don't you speak with an audible voice?' To this
+interrogation, which implied doubt, the captain answered with admirable
+presence of mind, in a soft tone of voice, _tai toi nous serens
+entendues!_ 'Hush! we shall be overheard and discovered.' Thus cautioned
+the sentry retired without further altercation."
+
+At the time of the Revolutionary War, Brigadier-General Simon Fraser was
+second in command of the British army, under Burgoyne. He fell at
+Saratoga under circumstances which prove his great ability as an
+officer. The American historians say that General Burgoyne had lost his
+head, and the American General Morgan perceiving it, called two of his
+best riflemen and said: "You see that fine fellow on the white horse? It
+goes against my heart to do it, but you must pick him off, or we lose
+the battle." They watched their opportunity, shot General Fraser, and
+the Americans won the day.
+
+The picture here given is said to be a good likeness. It has been
+produced from a mezzo-tint in the possession of Mr. B. Homer Dixon,
+Toronto.
+
+
+
+
+                      SECOND ANNUAL GATHERING.
+
+    "Three triumphs in a day; three hosts subdued in one:
+     Three armies scattered like the spray, beneath one common sun."
+
+
+The second Annual Gathering and Dinner of the Clan Fraser in Canada was
+held on the 25th day of February, 1895, that date having been selected
+in honor of the Scots' victory at Roslin on February 25th, 1303, when
+the army was commanded by Sir Simon Fraser, the patriot (p. 48). The
+place of meeting was the Rossin House, Toronto. The gentlemen were
+accompanied by lady friends, a departure from the custom generally
+observed on similar festive occasions, that contributed greatly to the
+pleasure of the evening. The committee in charge of the arrangements was
+composed of Dr. J. B. Fraser (Chairman of Programme Committee),
+Professor W. H. Fraser, Messrs. G. B. Fraser, R. L. Fraser, Alexander
+Fraser (Fraserfield), Alexander R. Fraser, W. P. Fraser, Andrew Fraser,
+Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh), Chairman; and W. A. Fraser,
+Secretary. Those present were Rev. Dr. Mungo Fraser, Hamilton; Mr. W.
+Lewis Fraser, New York; Mr. Donald Fraser, Kingston; Mr. R. I. Fraser,
+Barrie; Mr. Andrew Fraser, Barrie; Messrs. Robert Lovat Fraser, George
+B. Fraser, and Miss Fraser; Professor W. H. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser; Dr.
+J. B. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser; Alexander Fraser (Fraserfield), Mrs.
+Fraser and Miss Kate Fraser; Alexander R. Fraser and Mrs. Fraser;
+Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh), Mrs. Fraser, Miss Fraser, Mrs.
+Georgina Fraser-Newhall, and Mrs. Ramsay; Mr. W. A. Fraser and Mrs.
+Fraser; Dr. Pyne and Mrs. Pyne; Alexander Fraser (Parkdale), and Miss
+Fraser; W. P. Fraser, Donald Fraser, Charles Fraser, Mrs. C. G. Fraser
+and Master Norman Fraser, James Fraser, Henry Sandham Fraser.
+
+Letters of regret at their inability to attend were read from Messrs. E.
+A. Fraser, Detroit; D. Fraser, Montreal; Ex-Mayor Fraser, Petrolea; O.
+K. Fraser, Brockville; A. Fraser, Hamilton; P. M. Fraser, St. Thomas;
+Rev. R. D. Fraser, Bowmanville; and Rev. Dr. J. B. Fraser, Annan.
+
+Mr. Alexander Fraser (MacFhionnlaidh) presided, and the vice-chairs were
+occupied by Messrs. George B. Fraser and R. L. Fraser, and Mr. W. A.
+Fraser acted as Secretary.
+
+The after-dinner programme was interesting and varied. Besides the usual
+toasts it included the "Fraser's Drinking Song," composed by Mrs.
+Georgina Fraser-Newhall, and sung by Mrs. Alexander Fraser; readings by
+Prof. W. H. Fraser, bagpipe selections by Pipe-Major MacSwayed, and
+Highland dancing by Master Norman Fraser.
+
+The speeches contained a great deal of information regarding the Clan,
+and were very interesting. Most eloquent was the speech delivered by Mr.
+W. Lewis Fraser, of New York, who entered into the history of the Clan
+at considerable length; and that by Mrs. Georgina Fraser-Newhall, in
+response to the toast of her health.
+
+A group photograph was successfully taken of the company by the aid of a
+flash-light, which will remain a memento of a very pleasant gathering.
+
+Before dispersing the report of the Committee on the Organization of the
+Clan was read. It set forth that meetings had been held at which the
+Clan had been organized, and the annexed Constitution and By-laws
+prepared:
+
+
+
+
+                       THE CLAN FRASER IN CANADA.
+
+                     (_Instituted May 5th, 1894._)
+
+                       CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS.
+
+[Illustration of the Crest of the Clan]
+
+
+     ARTICLE I.--NAME.--The name of this organization shall be: "The
+     Clan Fraser in Canada."
+
+     ARTICLE II.--OBJECTS.--The objects of the Clan shall be:
+
+     The cultivation of friendly intercourse and social relations among
+     those bearing the surname "Fraser," and the promotion among its
+     members of love for the Clan, and increased interest in its history
+     and traditions:
+
+     The collection of Clan records, traditions and anecdotes; of
+     documents bearing upon the Clan history; of information relating to
+     notable clansmen, especially with reference to the early history of
+     the Clan in Canada; and the compilation of an album of portraits
+     and biographical sketches of Clansmen in Canada:
+
+     The furtherance of the interests of clansmen, whether in Scotland
+     or in Canada, and the giving of such assistance to clansmen in need
+     as may be within the power of the Clan.
+
+     ARTICLE III.--MEMBERSHIP.--Persons bearing the surname "Fraser," by
+     birth or by marriage, shall be eligible for membership in the Clan.
+     Honorary membership may be conferred on distinguished clansmen, or
+     on persons, not clansmen, who have rendered conspicuous service to
+     the Clan.
+
+     ARTICLE IV.--ARMS, MOTTO AND BADGE.--The arms of the Clan Fraser in
+     Canada shall be the same as those of the Clan proper, with the
+     difference of a wreath of Canadian maple leaves intertwined (a
+     fac-simile of which is impressed on this Constitution); the "Motto"
+     and "Badge" shall be that of the Clan Fraser--motto, "Je Suis
+     Prest"; badge, a sprig of yew--_Taxus Baccata_.
+
+     ARTICLE V.--(_a_) EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.--The Executive Officers shall
+     consist of a Chief, Chieftains (as hereinunder provided for),
+     Secretary-Treasurer, Historians, Curator, and a Bard.
+
+     (_b_)--TRUSTEES AND COUNCILLORS.--There shall be three Trustees,
+     six Councillors, a Pipe-Major and Pipers.
+
+     (_c_)--HONORARY CHIEF AND CHIEFTAINS.--The Chief of the Clan
+     Fraser, "Mac-Shimi," shall be the Honorary Chief, and Honorary
+     Chieftainship may be bestowed on clansmen who merit very high clan
+     honor.
+
+     ARTICLE VI.--GATHERINGS.--The Clan shall gather once a year, on a
+     day to be decided upon by the Executive Committee, for the
+     transaction of business. That gathering shall be known as the
+     Annual Business Meeting of the Clan. On the evening of the same day
+     a Clan Dinner, or other form of Entertainment, shall take place.
+
+     ARTICLE VII.--At the Annual Business Meeting of the Clan the
+     Executive Officers, Trustees, Councillors and Pipers, Honorary
+     Chief (when vacant), and Honorary Chieftains (when Honorary
+     Chieftainship is conferred), shall be elected; and the roll of
+     members, prepared by the Executive Committee, shall be revised.
+
+     ARTICLE VIII.--The principle upon which Chieftains and Councillors
+     shall be elected shall be as follows: The Province of Ontario shall
+     be divided into five Districts, viz.: Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto,
+     Hamilton and London, from each of which and from each of the other
+     Provinces of Canada, a Chieftain shall be elected. A Chieftain may
+     be also elected from each of the States of the American Union, as
+     an interest in the Clan may be manifested. The Ontario Districts
+     shall comprise the following counties:
+
+     OTTAWA.--Glengarry, Prescott, Stormont, Dundas, Grenville,
+     Carleton, Russell, Renfrew.
+
+     KINGSTON.--Addington, Lennox, Frontenac, Hastings, Prince Edward,
+     Leeds, Lanark.
+
+     TORONTO.--Northumberland, Peterborough, Haliburton, Victoria,
+     Durham, Ontario, Muskoka, Parry Sound, Nipissing, York, Peel,
+     Toronto.
+
+     HAMILTON.--Wentworth, Lincoln, Welland, Brant, Waterloo, Simcoe,
+     Dufferin, Grey, Wellington, Halton.
+
+     LONDON.--Middlesex, Elgin, Oxford, Norfolk, Haldimand, Kent,
+     Lambton, Essex, Bruce, Huron, Perth.
+
+     There shall be at least one Councillor elected to represent each
+     District in Ontario.
+
+     ARTICLE IX.--The Executive Officers, Trustees and Councillors shall
+     form a General Committee, which shall prepare the business for the
+     Annual Meeting. The Executive Officers shall form the Executive
+     Committee of the General Committee. The General Committee and the
+     Executive Committee may appoint Sub-Committees with power to
+     transact business on behalf of the Clan.
+
+     ARTICLE X.--DUTIES OF OFFICERS.--The CHIEF shall preside at all the
+     meetings of Committees, at the Annual Business Meeting, and at the
+     Annual Entertainment of the Clan; in his absence the duties of the
+     Chief shall devolve upon the CHIEFTAINS in order of seniority, and
+     in the absence of all of them the clansmen present shall elect a
+     Chairman _pro tem_. The SECRETARY-TREASURER shall keep a correct
+     minute of the business transacted at the meetings of Committees and
+     at the Annual Meeting of the Clan; he shall keep a roll of the
+     membership of the Clan; with the Chief he shall convene the
+     meetings, and shall conduct the correspondence and general business
+     of the Clan; he shall submit his accounts to an audit annually or
+     on the demand of the Executive Committee. The HISTORIANS shall
+     compile the Clan Album, and shall edit any papers containing
+     information regarding the Clan or clansmen which may be secured for
+     the Clan. The CURATOR shall have the custody of all property
+     belonging to the Clan, including papers and books not in use by the
+     proper officers, and shall account for the same to the TRUSTEES in
+     whom the property shall be vested on behalf of the Clan, and who
+     shall submit a report of their stewardship to the Annual Meeting of
+     the Clan.
+
+     ARTICLE XI.--The roll of membership shall be compiled by the
+     Executive Committee, and shall be subject to revision at the Annual
+     Business Meeting.
+
+     ARTICLE XII.--The officers shall wear insignia of office; and an
+     officer holding the same office for three terms (not necessarily
+     consecutively) shall become the possessor of the insignia as his
+     own property.
+
+     ARTICLE XIII.--The Constitution and By-laws may be altered or
+     amended at the Annual Business Meeting of the Clan, by a two-thirds
+     vote of the membership, personally or by mandate; but notice of any
+     such alteration of amendment in specific terms must be lodged with
+     the Secretary-Treasurer at least two months before the date of the
+     Annual Business Meeting so that members may be notified when the
+     announcement of the Annual Business Meeting shall be made.
+
+
+                                 BY-LAWS.
+
+     1. The fee of membership shall be one dollar annually for
+     gentlemen, and the sum of fifty cents for ladies and minors.
+
+     2. The Annual Meeting of the Clan shall be held on a date to be
+     decided upon by the Executive Committee; in deciding upon the date,
+     however, the convenience of the greatest number of the membership
+     shall be the chief consideration.
+
+     3. Twelve members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
+     business at the Annual Meeting.
+
+     4. A member may be expelled from the Clan for a transgression of
+     any of its rules, or any other sufficient cause. Notice of intended
+     expulsion must be given to the Secretary-Treasurer, who shall lay
+     it before the Executive Committee for report at the Annual Business
+     Meeting, and to the member whom it is proposed to expel. Voting
+     shall be by ballot, and a majority must vote "yea" before a member
+     can be expelled. The annual revision of the roll of membership
+     referred to in the Constitution, Article XI., shall in no way be
+     understood to imply expulsion from membership.
+
+     5. The following shall be the order of business: 1st. Reading of
+     minutes of previous meeting; 2nd. Reading of communications and
+     action thereon; 3rd. Unfinished business of previous meeting; 4th.
+     New business; 5th. Election of officers; 6th. Adjournment.
+
+     Signed on behalf of the Committee.
+
+       ALEXANDER FRASER, _Chairman_.      W. A. FRASER, _Secretary_.
+
+The above Constitution and By-laws were duly adopted and ordered to be
+printed.
+
+
+
+
+                               THE OFFICERS.
+
+
+The following Officers were elected for the term 1895-'96:
+
+                            _Honorary Chief_,
+                               LORD LOVAT.
+
+                          _Honorary Chieftain_,
+                MR. CHARLES FRASER MACKINTOSH, Inverness
+
+                               _Chief_,
+               MR. ALEX. FRASER (MACFHIONNLAIDH), Toronto.
+
+                            _Chieftains_,
+    District of Ottawa: MR. ALEX. FRASER, Westmeath.
+                Kingston: MR. DONALD FRASER, Kingston.
+                Toronto: MR. G. B. FRASER, Toronto.
+                Hamilton: REV. DR. MUNGO FRASER, Hamilton.
+                London: EX-MAYOR FRASER, Petrolea.
+
+    Provinces--Maritime Provinces: D. C. FRASER, M. P., New Glasgow, N.S.
+                Quebec: MR. DONALD FRASER, Montreal.
+                Northwest Territories: MR. J. G. FRASER, Regina, N.W.T.
+                British Columbia: MR. W. FRASER, Vancouver, B.C.
+
+    State of Michigan: MR. E. A. FRASER, Detroit, U.S.A.
+                New York: MR. W. LEWIS FRASER, New York.
+
+                           _Councillors_,
+                Ottawa: MR. A. W. FRASER, Ottawa.
+                Kingston: MR. O. K. FRASER, Brockville.
+                Toronto { MR. ALEX. FRASER (Fraserfield), Toronto.
+                        { DR. J. B. FRASER, Toronto.
+                Hamilton: MR. R. I. FRASER, Barrie.
+                London: MR. WM. FRASER, of Port Stanley.
+
+                       _Secretary-Treasurer_,
+                    MR. W. A. FRASER, Toronto.
+
+                           _Chaplain_,
+                REV. DR. MUNGO FRASER, Hamilton.
+
+                          _Historians_,
+          PROF. W. H. FRASER and MR. ALEX. FRASER, Toronto.
+
+                           _Curator_,
+                 MR. ALEXANDER FRASER, Toronto.
+
+                          _Trustees_,
+MESSRS. R. L. FRASER, Toronto; ABNER FRASER, Hamilton; A. G. FRASER, London.
+
+                            _Bard_,
+               GEORGINA FRASER-NEWHALL, Omaha.
+
+                    *    *    *    *    *
+
+Transcriber's Notes:-
+
+Page 7   Page reference for "Constitution and By-laws of the Clan"
+         corrected from "110" to "109".
+
+Page 20  "the Emperor Charlemange" changed to "the Emperor Charlemagne"
+
+Page 30  "the childdren of the chief," changed to "the children of the chief,"
+
+Page 39  "whose sister Margaret was Malcom's Queen," changed to "whose sister
+          Margaret was Malcolm's Queen,"
+
+Page 41  "the Highlands of Scotlands," changed to "the Highlands of Scotland,"
+
+Page 100 "and built another house near a ake," changed to "and built another
+          house near a lake,"
+
+Page 109 "motto, "Ju Suis Prest";" changed to "motto, "Je Suis Prest";"
+
+Inconsistencies in capitalization and spelling retained.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Clan Fraser in Canada, by Alexander Fraser
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