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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/37141-h.zip b/37141-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a15af7 --- /dev/null +++ b/37141-h.zip diff --git a/37141-h/37141-h.htm b/37141-h/37141-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d9c9a21 --- /dev/null +++ b/37141-h/37141-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2423 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Why I Am In Favor of Socialism, by Edward Silvin. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + p { margin-top: .5em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .5em; + text-indent: 1em; + } + h1 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + h5,h6 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + h2 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + h3 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + h4 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + body{margin-left: 15%; + margin-right: 15%; + } + a {text-decoration: none} /* no lines under links */ + hr.wide {margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; width: 25%; color: black;} + div.centered {text-align: center;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 1 */ + div.centered table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 2 */ + + .cen {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;} /* centering paragraphs */ + .cenb {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; font-size: 110%} /* centering paragraphs */ + .noin {text-indent: 0em;} /* no indenting */ + .shorthr {width: 15%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} /* very short line */ + .right {text-align: right; padding-right: 2em;} /* right aligning paragraphs */ + .img {text-align: center; padding: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} /* centering images */ + .tdr {text-align: right; padding-right: .5em;} /* right align cell */ + .tdc {text-align: center;} /* center align cell */ + .tdl {text-align: left;} /* left align cell */ + .tr {margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; margin-top: 5%; margin-bottom: 5%; padding: 1em; background-color: #f6f2f2; color: black; border: dotted black 1px;} /* transcriber's notes */ + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; right: 2%; + font-size: 75%; + color: gray; + background-color: inherit; + text-align: right; + text-indent: 0em; + font-style: normal; + font-weight: normal; + font-variant: normal;} /* page numbers */ + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Why I am in favor of socialism, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Why I am in favor of socialism + +Author: Various + +Release Date: August 21, 2011 [EBook #37141] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHY I AM IN FAVOR OF SOCIALISM *** + + + + +Produced by Adrian Mastronardi and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + +<div class="tr"> +<p class="cen" style="font-weight: bold;">Transcriber's Note:</p> +<br /> +<p class="noin" style="text-align: left;">Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. +For a complete list, please see the <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="#TN">end of this document</a>.</span></p> +</div> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<div class="img"> +<img border="0" src="images/cover.jpg" width="50%" alt="Book Cover" /> +</div> + +<br /> +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + +<h1>Why I Am<br /> +In Favor of Socialism</h1> + +<br /> + +<div class="img"> +<img border="0" src="images/deco.png" width="2%" alt="decorative mark" /> +</div> + +<br /> + +<h3>SYMPOSIUM</h3> + +<br /> + +<div class="img"> +<img border="0" src="images/deco.png" width="2%" alt="decorative mark" /> +</div> + +<br /> + +<h3>Original Papers</h3> + +<br /> + +<div class="img"> +<img border="0" src="images/deco.png" width="2%" alt="decorative mark" /> +</div> + +<br /> + +<h3>EDWARD SILVIN</h3> + +<br /> + +<div class="img"> +<img border="0" src="images/deco.png" width="2%" alt="decorative mark" /> +</div> + +<br /> + +<h4>Sacramento, California<br /> +U. S. A.</h4> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> +<br /> + + +<h4>Copyright, 1913<br /> +BY EDWARD SILVIN</h4> + +<br /> +<a name="toc" id="toc"></a><hr /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<h3>INDEX TO AUTHORS</h3> +<br /> + +<div class="centered"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" width="50%" summary="Index to Authors"> + <tr> + <td width="80%" class="tdl">Allen, Fred Hovey</td> + <td width="20%" class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Andrews, Eliza Frances</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Andrews, Martin Register</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Axon, Stockton</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Baldwin, E.F.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Baxter, James Phinney</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Beard, Daniel Carter</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Bigelow, Poultney</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Broome, Isaac</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15-16</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Burgess, Gelett</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_8">8-9</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cazalet, Edward Alexander</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Chancellor, William Estabrook</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_7">7-8</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Clare, Israel Smith</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_24">24-25</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Conger-Kaneko, Josephine</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cooke, George Willis</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Cutler, James Elbert</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fisk, Everett Olin</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Fleming, William Hansell</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Gates, George Augustus</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Helms, E.J.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Hitchcock, Charles C.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_32">32-34</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Hume, Gibson</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_17">17-21</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">James, George Wharton</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">James, W.E.S.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25">25-27</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Kalley, Ella Hartwig</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Kinney, Abbot</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Koeb, Otto</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Levermore, Charles Herbert</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29-30</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">London, Jack</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Loveman, Robert</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_5">5-6</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Noll, Aaron</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">O'Neill, John M.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Parsons, Eugene</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_16">16-17</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Peake, Elmore Elliott</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Pease, Charles Giffin</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Post, Louis Freeland</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Russell, Charles Edward</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34">34-35</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sawyer, Roland Douglas</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Schindler, Solomon</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Silvin, Edward</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37">37</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Sinclair, Upton</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Smiley, James L.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Strobell, George H.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_28">28-29</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Towne, Elizabeth</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Taylor, J.P.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Weber, Gustavus Adolphus</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27-28</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Whitaker, Robert</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">White, Hervey</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9-10</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Whitson, John Harvey</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10-11</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdl">Williams, S.B.</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<hr /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span><br /> + +<h1>Why I Am In Favor of Socialism</h1> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>London, Jack.</b> (Author.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because I am an individualist, and because +in Socialism I see the only possible social organization that will +give equal opportunity and an even chance to every individual to +develop and realize what is strongest and best in him—and in her, if +you please.</p> + +<p>Because Socialism is in line with social evolution, is foreshadowed as +inevitable by today's social tendencies, was foreshadowed as +inevitable by the social tendencies of ten thousand years ago and ten +thousand generations ago.</p> + +<p>Because I am convinced that it is the only form of social organization +that will give a square deal to the little boys and girls that are +coming into the world today, tomorrow, and in the days after +tomorrow's morrow.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Cutler, James Elbert.</b> (University Professor.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism as regards its aims and purposes, because I +believe it to be in this respect in harmony with the fundamental +principles of social progress.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Loveman, Robert.</b> (Poet.)</p> + +<p>I believe Plato favored an ideal commonwealth, and I favor Plato.</p> + +<p>Walt Whitman was inclined towards the Utopian theory—and Walt was a +poet with a "yawp," that was perhaps barbarian—but it was emphatic.</p> + +<p>I am something of a Socialist—a little of a Communist—I hope not +much of an Anarchist—and I believe with Lincoln <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>that "God must love +the common people—He made so many of them."</p> + +<p>Wm. Morris, the English poet, had Socialistic theories—and headed a +movement in 1884, I believe—so we have plenty of example. I do not +hate the rich—but I pity the poor—and I do not think a few men +should own billions—and hoard the wealth—and that millions of human +kind starving, barely exist. We are still savage.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Post, Louis Freeland.</b> (Editor, The Public, Chicago, Ill.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because it aims at abolishing the +exploitation of labor.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Smiley, James L.</b> (Clergyman.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because—First: It stands for absolute +justice. It guarantees to every one the full product of his labor. It +provides that children and infirm and aged persons be cared for by the +strong. It demands that all the natural resources of the earth be +equitably administered for all the inhabitants.</p> + +<p>Second: Socialism will abolish capitalism, which is a grand system of +gambling.</p> + +<p>Third: Socialism will abolish the evil fruits of capitalism, such as +internecine commercial competition, the white slave traffic, +preventable poverty and disease, and war itself.</p> + +<p>Fourth: Socialism means brotherhood, industrial and commercial. It, +therefore, harmonizes with the teachings of the Bible, making the Ten +Commandments and the "Sermon on the Mount" perfectly practicable.</p> + +<p>Fifth: As an excellent example of its practical value, Socialism will +solve the intricate liquor problem. By public ownership this traffic +will be purified from all adulterations and excessive abuse, allowing +(in harmony with the Bible) the temperate use of pure beverages.</p> + +<p>Sixth: Socialism is the economic expression of Christianity.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span><b>Gates, George Augustus.</b> (President, Fisk University.)</p> + +<p>I don't think I am wholly in favor of Socialism, though I believe it +would, even if actually in power, be better than the present reign of +stark capitalism.</p> + +<p>I am in favor of about nine-tenths of what Socialism advocates. Nearly +all of the world's real troubles arise from selfishness. Some way must +at last be found out of that regime. The world is keyed to mutual +helpfulness; consequently there is and ought to be discord as long as +we stupidly play the great game of life in the false key. There is, as +a matter of fact, mutual helpfulness anyhow; we cannot live without +each other, and more so as our civilization rises. The trouble is that +in the present order this helpfulness is an incident, not the motive. +All gospels must unite to make it the motive.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Chancellor, William Estabrook.</b> (Lecturer and Author.)</p> + +<p>It all depends upon the definition and description of Socialism. I am +heartily in favor of what I call Socialism. I was indeed mayoralty +candidate in my city upon a Socialistic ticket. I do not see how any +good or intelligent man can oppose my notions of Socialism. To +illustrate: I believe that God made the earth for all of us and that +it is a crime, vile and terrible, to allow any man or woman as +landlord to collect rent from the father of a family or the mother of +babies for a place upon which to rear their children—God's children, +my brothers. Yet I, myself, am both a landlord and a rent tenant +because of a pitiful legalistic and economic regime that does not +allow me to solve my problem. I am a landlord of a trust estate and +yet unable to buy a home where my business is because I cannot sell. +It is a mere illustration. There are tens of thousands of others as +pertinent.</p> + +<p>To illustrate again: I am sure that it is absurd and wicked that some +should rot in luxury without working, while others die of the diseases +of starvation though working diligently. I am in favor of changing the +statute laws so that these kings shall no more be, than chattel +slavery of blacks, or the punishment of religious heresy by death. I +believe that the Father in Heaven does not intend the vicious +inequitableness of this <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>passing economic system and of this social +regime upon which the habit-minded look with such apish pleasure. I +refuse to eat the leavened bread of the Pharisees and to sit silent +amid these wrongs; but at the same time I suspect that I am rather an +opportunistic reformer, a Christian Socialist, perhaps a Social +Democrat, than a revolutionary all-or-none, now-this-minute Socialist, +for I can be charitable to most other men who still worship the idols +of the market-place. Some, however, I cannot forgive; I cannot forgive +the hypocrites or the malicious.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Burgess, Gelett.</b> (Author.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because I believe that co-operation, rather +than competition will the sooner bring about the brotherhood of man.</p> + +<p>Because the conditions that surround the majority of mankind are +continually growing worse, and Socialism offers a radical solution for +the problem of the greatest happiness for the greatest number.</p> + +<p>Because the rich are steadily growing richer, and the poor, poorer, +under the present industrial system.</p> + +<p>Because the concentration of this wealth in the hands of a few has +shown the possibility of a centralized control of the industries, and +has taught methods of handling big business, so that these activities +may and should be in the hands of the people.</p> + +<p>Because of the enormous saving through co-operation, both time and +opportunity will be increased for the benefit of the people.</p> + +<p>Because the use of this time may be used by the people for education, +for culture, for travel and for larger mental growth.</p> + +<p>Because this change in economic system will emancipate woman by making +her man's equal and will thereby develop her mind, her self-respect, +and her inventive capacity.</p> + +<p>Because with a rational industrial system and the opportunity for +leisure natural and sexual selection will work more freely amongst men +and women by giving both a wider choice, a better approximation of the +ideal mate.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>Because this effect will result in a benefit and happiness not only to +the present but to the future of the race.</p> + +<p>Because Socialism is the only project which contemplates these +benefits.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Bigelow, Poultney.</b> (Author and Barrister.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because it is the teachings of our Savior, +Jesus Christ, and of his predecessors, the Buddhists, and before them +the people who followed the example of Rama or Brahma.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Fisk, Everett Olin.</b> (President of the Fisk Teachers' Agencies.)</p> + +<p>While I do not count myself a Socialist in the extreme sense and shall +never vote a Socialist ticket, I lean very strongly toward public +ownership of public utilities and find myself in cordial sympathy with +the view of some of my intimate friends who will vote for Mr. Debbs. +Just how fast the public should assume control of public utilities I +am not clear, but I feel quite sure that we should move in that +direction and keep public ownership in mind as an ideal. Whatever +embarrassments may arise, and certainly embarrassments must arise in +any change of program, I feel that the disadvantages would be more +than offset by the education of the public and by the cultivation of +public spirit which would naturally accompany the gradual introduction +of public control.</p> + +<p>The fact that the post-office, the public schools and in many cities +water supply, street lighting and transportation have been well +managed by the public, promises well for extension of public control +and I think we are moving along toward this perhaps as fast as can be +expected, in view of our imperfect human nature.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>White, Hervey.</b> (Novelist and Poet.)</p> + +<p>Socialism seems to me the most practical plan for the individuals of a +highly specialized and complicated society to share <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>the duties, the +responsibilities, and the rewards of their organization.</p> + +<p>It is the logical development of our system of combination or "trusts" +that has already supplanted competition. It will do more to put the +wealth produced by intellect and labor into the possession of the +earners than any program I have met with.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Andrews, Eliza Frances.</b> (Author and College Professor.)</p> + +<p>There are so many reasons why I am a Socialist and why everybody +should be one, that it would require a book to give them all. A few of +them are:</p> + +<p>First: Because I believe that those who do the work of the world +should receive the full product of their labor, and not be forced, as +under the capitalist system, to pay a tribute from their toil for the +support of useless idlers.</p> + +<p>Second: I believe that "the earth and the fullness thereof" was +provided by nature for the benefit of all her children, and not as the +"vested interest" of a few greedy monopolists.</p> + +<p>Third: As history teaches us through the example of Jesus Christ and +all who have rendered the greatest and noblest services to mankind, +that, love of greed and personal gain is not an incentive, but a +hindrance to noble deeds. I believe that Socialism, by removing this +hindrance, will leave men free to follow the higher promptings of +their nature, and through the noble incentives it offers, hasten the +evolution of the race to a higher plane.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Whitson, John Harvey.</b> (Novelist.)</p> + +<p>At present I am a Progressive. But I can see that our industrial +system is breaking down. As men rise in the scale of humanity they +reach a point, and it is now near, when the exploitation of the weaker +by the stronger can no longer be tolerated. I think present conditions +clearly show that the government (the people) should own all such +natural monopolies as coal, oil, minerals and the like; and that the +railways, express companies, and the big machinery of transportation +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>should also be government conducted, like the post-office. When that +has been accomplished, further steps in that line can be taken, if the +people deem that best. In so far, I am in favor of Socialism, and +stand ready to go farther when it seems desirable and the people are +ready for it. That is, have risen to it.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Beard, Daniel Carter.</b> (Author and Artist.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because I am not afraid of their ever +introducing into this country the Socialism of Carl Marx, and I do +believe that by their propaganda, their enthusiasm and insistency, +they are forcing people to think who otherwise would drift along in +the same old rut, and anything that makes the people think stands for +progress, although it may not be progress along the lines advocated.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Baldwin, E.F.</b> (Editor, Star, Peoria, Ill.)</p> + +<p>Socialism is a beautiful dream, but when we wake up, we still have to +scratch for a living. Under Socialism, one man is as good as another, +and generally a good deal better. Poverty is a crime. Therefore, every +poor man ought to be in jail. Socialism is a panacea for all the +present ills. The trouble is, nobody wants to apply it. Under the +present system, it is every man for himself, and the devil take the +hindmost. Under Socialism every man is hindmost. Every honest man now +is a Socialist. The trouble is, there are no honest men. I never knew +but one honest Socialist editor, and he has just committed suicide.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Baxter, James Phinney.</b> (Author and Ex-Mayor, Portland, Me.)</p> + +<p>Socialism is subject to several definitions. There is a Christian +Socialism which embodies the spirit of the second precept: "Thou shalt +love thy neighbor as thyself." It is patient and long-suffering; wise +in its efforts of helping men to advance by righteous ways to the +stature of true manhood.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span><b>Towne, Elizabeth.</b> (Editor and Author.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of the Socialist ideal, because it aims to take care of +all the people, affording equal opportunity for everybody to develop, +laying no extra burdens on any one person or class of persons. I +believe the Socialist ideal to be the ripened fruit which the world is +to bring forth.</p> + +<p>But I do not believe in the Socialist practice of forcing the ripening +of that fruit. In other words, I do not believe the world is ready to +do away with capitalism. And I do not believe in the inopportunism of +Socialists. I do not believe in tearing off the husks of capitalism +before human intelligence is ripe for expression on the higher plane. +As long as Socialists hold aloof, and will not co-operate with +capitalism they show themselves unfit to co-operate with all the +people in the world in the making of an ideal government without +capitalism. The Socialists missed the chance of a life-time, yes, of a +hundred years, when they did not lead and nominate Theodore Roosevelt +and Hiram Johnson on their own ticket, instead of putting up two men +whom they know it is impossible to elect this year, thus weakening the +strength of Roosevelt, who is trying to put into practice a whole lot +of the Socialist program, which the Socialists accused him of stealing +from them. As if the Socialists themselves did not steal every one of +those ideas from somebody else! Why, Confucius ran a Socialist +government five hundred years before Christ. I am opposed to the +Socialist practice of hypnotising itself with the working class +consciousness, in opposition to all other classes. Because of +Socialist inopportunism others will have to do the practical work of +putting into practice the Socialist ideal. Theodore Roosevelt has done +and is doing more to bring Socialism into practice than any other one +man in the world today.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Andrews, Martin Register.</b> (College Professor and Editor.)</p> + +<p>I have listened attentively to the talks of Socialist orators, who +seem to be honest, earnest men, who have a strong desire to do +something for the betterment of "poor, sad humanity." With many of the +reforms for which they plead I am heartily in sympathy.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span><b>Pease, Charles Giffin, M.D.</b> (Reformer and Author.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism, the fundamental basis of which, as I +understand Socialism, is economic co-operation or the individual +laboring for the good of the whole; for the reason that competition is +based upon selfishness, and stimulates selfishness.</p> + +<p>Competition or doing business for individual gain is responsible for +the placing of liquor saloons on almost every other block of some of +our avenues; for the opening of a still larger number of tobacco +stores for the sale of the most poisonous weed grown; for the opening +of gambling halls, race tracks, questionable resorts and brothels of +all kinds. Doing business for personal gain is an incentive to foister +upon the people intoxicating liquors, tobacco and other harmful drinks +and articles by means of alluring advertisements; the adulteration of +foods; the maintaining of high prices, thus depriving the poor, who +are victims of the competitive system, of the necessities of life.</p> + +<p>Under the present system, the anxiety of the employed upon the advent +of "dull times," lest they may lose the needed employment; the unrest, +the chicanery, the criminality and the perversion of normal appetites +resulting therefrom, is opposed to the best interests of the race +morally, mentally and physically.</p> + +<p>Competition or doing business for personal gain, develops the worst +there is in man. Co-operation or the individual laboring for the +whole, brings out or develops the best there is in man and establishes +true brotherhood. The greatest benefactors the world has ever known +have labored for the uplift of the race without personal material gain +as an incentive, but with the full knowledge that their labors would +mean for them persecution or perhaps the Cross.</p> + +<p>Under Socialism, the whole moral atmosphere would be changed and the +individual, and consequently, the race would be enriched in the +development of qualities that make for peace, joy, love and normality, +as man would merge from the influence of the present conditions into +the influence of the conditions under Socialism.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span><b>Sawyer, Roland Douglas</b> (Clergyman and Author, Ware, Mass.)</p> + +<p>We of the present generation come into a world where the swamps are +cleared, the forests felled, the soil ready for our seed, roads of +gravel, steel, and across the trackless waters connect us; great +machines of iron and steel are ready to take upon their tireless +muscles the work of the world—and the human race today is rich—so +rich that it can easily supply the material needs of every soul.</p> + +<p>But still over half the race are in want, just as though we were poor.</p> + +<p>The only thing needed is a scientific organization of industry, and +Socialism is a scheme for such scientific organization. Therefore, I, +as being intelligent to the present-day conditions, favor Socialism.</p> + +<p>Of course, those who are selfishly receiving personal gains out of the +present system, and those who live in the ideas of the dead, will howl +for "things as they are," but more and more we must firmly (though +kindly) show them the door—they don't belong with us of this day.</p> + +<p>I might also add that it is necessary for me to advocate Socialism to +square myself with my profession; I am a minister of the Gospel; as +such I advocate before men that there is a loving Father in Heaven; +that Jesus was the divine, ideal man; that human beings have souls +that will not die with the body. I could not advocate these things +without blushing if I did not at the same time condemn the existing +social order—for the existing social order kills the souls in men, +the ideals of Jesus cannot live in it, and should it continue we could +not believe in a loving Father who rules things. For me to preach the +gospel of Jesus without at the same time demanding social revolution, +would be for me to confess that I was either a mental prostitute or a +moral pervert, and I hope I am neither.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Sinclair, Upton.</b> (Author.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because it is impossible for me to be happy +while living under a system which deprives others of the fruits of +their labor.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span><b>Taylor, J.P.</b> (Manufacturer, Winston-Salem, N.C.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because I think that the time has about +arrived for society to take into its own hands the operation of the +means of producing and distributing the wealth by which it lives and +progresses.</p> + +<p>I have become conscious that the present mode of production and +distribution of wealth does not fill society's requirements; that +private ownership is no longer necessary in the machinery of wealth +production and distribution, either as owning or managing; that the +whole machinery is operated by hired men; that these hired men can +better be used to produce social wealth for use than private wealth +for profit.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Williams, S.B.</b> (Clergyman, Eureka Springs, Ark.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because it is more than a political party. +It is a world movement having as its fundamental principles, the +teachings of Jesus. It is an intensely practical interpretation of +such teachings. Socialism stands for the brotherhood of the human +race. It is a constructive program of economics that will result in +the emancipation of the wage slave. Many good people misunderstand +Socialism, because some of its most ardent advocates blunder in their +teaching, and its growth is retarded by the fact that skeptics and +infidels become prominent in leadership and try to foster their +private religious beliefs on the movement, but in time all such will +find their proper level, and all true, earnest Christians will be glad +to embrace the propaganda, and Socialism in its truest aspects will +help to usher in the kingdom promised by our Lord.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Broome, Isaac.</b> (Sculptor, Lecturer, Inventor and Author, Trenton, +N.J.)</p> + +<p>All good men—poets, artists, moralists, philosophers, scientists, +economists, scholars—have in all ages proclaimed the ideal of a +civilization, wherein all should help and protect each other, to +develop intelligence and destroy ignorance, which is the root of all +crime and misery.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>Socialism has for its proper idea the fulfillment of this universal +hope—by uniting the world industrially, with the object of abolishing +poverty as the base of ignorance, and ignorance as the base of crime, +injustice and disorganized society. This is the ideal. An ideal +impossible at present with society composed of a few ignorant, +predatory rich and a mass of equally ignorant, predatory poor—both +destroyers of society's substance, from the scientific, economic view.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Parsons, Eugene.</b> (Editor.)</p> + +<p>I am not altogether opposed to Socialism. I am willing to see a move, +yes, several moves, made in that direction. I am in favor of municipal +ownership of public utilities, such as gas, water, electric light, +street railways, etc. When franchises for these utilities are sold or +given away to an individual or a company, they afford opportunities +for private enrichment at the expense of the people at large.</p> + +<p>If such enterprises as water or lighting, or tramways, be in the hands +of the city fathers, the profits, if there be any, go into the pockets +of the common people, which is better than the piling up of fortunes +by the favored few, known in common parlance as "big business."</p> + +<p>It has been proved time and again that men of business ability and +initiative do have public spirit and are willing to serve the people +well, to give the attention requisite for success in the management of +public utilities. I have a case in mind. The light plant of Ellsworth, +Iowa, is a paying proposition, although run by the town. Says the +"Ellsworth News," December 5, 1912:</p> + +<p>"Not only is it a question of being on a paying proposition, but the +comfort of having good lights is worth considerable. The city fathers +are to be congratulated upon the management of the light plant. Many +dollars of expense would have been added to the installation of the +plant had they charged anything for their services, but they had gone +to a great deal of trouble and a large amount of expense that they had +paid out of their own pockets, just because they were enough +interested in the welfare of the town to push things along and make it +a success."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>There it is in a nutshell—unselfish service. So it is a matter that +involves one of the fundamentals of human nature. However, the +altruistic sentiment will develop more and more under a different +system from the present, with all its inequalities in the distribution +of wealth.</p> + +<p>The question is a large one, requiring full discussion. Let the trial +of municipal ownership and management be made, I say. Time will tell +how much of grafting will be done. Je ne sais quoi. I for one am +willing to risk it.</p> + +<p>Furthermore, let us go one step toward Socialism in another direction. +I refer to the nationalization of railways. I am in favor of it, and +hold that all public-spirited citizens should advocate it, whether +Socialists or not. It would simplify things, and put an end to the +extortionate charges of the express companies, to say nothing of +unfair freight rates.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Hume, Gibson, A.M., Ph. D.</b> (Head of the Department of Philosophy, +University of Toronto, Canada.)</p> + +<p>To endorse and accept all the various conflicting and even +contradictory proposals loosely and popularly called Socialism would +indeed be absurd and ridiculous. Nevertheless, on the whole the term +Socialism has stood for constructive rather than destructive plans. +What might be termed Christian Socialism, or perhaps still better +constructive Christian Socialism, has ideals and aims that I +unhesitatingly adopt as noble, just and right. When it comes to a +program or plan to give practical application and realization to these +ideals there is much room for debate and difference of opinion. Here, +it seems to me, we face real problems.</p> + +<p>Christian theology dealing with the relations of God and man succeeded +long ago in definitely rejecting the abstract atomism of atheism, and +also, though perhaps not so clearly and definitely, the pantheism +which over-zealous for God forgot to leave a place for human +personality.</p> + +<p>In our time modern Christianity is concentrating its attention on the +problems of the relation of man to man, of the individual to the +community, and logically and consistently with its past speculations +opposes the extreme individualism that issues in anarchism and +atomism, and also opposes <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>the other extreme of communism which +overshadows the individual overmuch in its zeal for the collective +standpoint, and the opposition in this instance is the more notable +because the early Christian Church for a short time really tried the +experiment of having "all things in common." While modern constructive +Christian Socialism rejects the opposing panaceas of a simple +character offered by the extreme individualist on the one hand and the +extreme collectivist on the other, it nevertheless sees in each of +these one-sided proposals and theories a certain measure of truth, and +it therefore faces the much more difficult and complex problem of +trying to combine and harmonize these partial truths in such a manner +as to secure a proper self-respecting individualism or personal +responsibility on the one hand, and an adequate collectivistic +co-operation on the other.</p> + +<p>With this double aim and purpose in mind there has arisen a beginning +at least of a positive and constructive program leading toward this +goal. Emerging from the mediaeval twilight where the fallacy was +widespread that made religion a thing apart, modern Christian thought +is suspicious of any religious creed or profession which remains a +merely intellectual assent or declaration of faith, and demands that a +true religion should also permeate and transmute the life and issue in +conduct touching and helping the lives and conduct of others.</p> + +<p>The key to the Christian social position is the "Golden Rule," not as +a mere sentiment of kindliness, though that is good as far as it goes, +but it must be made to go further and issue in a principle of action, +a principle in action controlling the practice, guiding and inspiring +the actual conduct of life, both in its individual and in its social +or collective aspect.</p> + +<p>At the outset, then, it respects and preserves the individual, not by +the negative and suicidal method of rejecting the claims of society, +but, on the contrary, insisting that the individual can develop his +moral personality only by accepting the duties of social service, +which when properly understood becomes not a burden but a privilege, +since in this way alone may real self-hood become realized.</p> + +<p>Zeal for the preservation of the other person inspired the earlier +attack on slavery; it now reappears in a crusade against industrial +bondage. Corporations now resist control on the plea that it is an +interference with personal liberty. The Christian view-point never +granted to the individual a selfish <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>liberty of defying properly +constituted authority, much less such right to a corporation. It now +makes it perfectly plain that the individual has duties, and to this +view of the individual it would be ludicrous for the corporation to +appeal in its dislike to bow to social demands.</p> + +<p>In international relations the claim of Christianity to be under the +Prince of Peace makes modern Christian Socialism demand that other +nations should be treated not simply as good neighbors, but as actual +brothers, since all are children of the same Father. Hence it follows +that the brutality, waste and wickedness, the wholesale butchery and +murder known as war, must be condemned and opposed. Furthermore, all +militarism and jingoism, all journalistic or other stirring up of bad +feeling, leading to strife between different races, the atavistic +revival of ancient blood feuds or modern commercial intrigues to reap +profit out of the piling up of armaments oppressing the common people, +are all to be resisted. The specious claim that armies and navies are +merely policy restraining criminals is easily seen to be erroneous, +for if each army claims to be a policy restraining criminals, it must +follow that each army is by the other army put among the class of +criminals. And the fallacious claim that preparation for war is a +guarantee of peace, an insurance policy against war, is met by the +counterclaim that the best way in times of peace to insure the +continuance of peace is to extend the principles and practices that +teach the value of peace, that conduce to peace, that make people +desirous that peace may continue. The bellicose claim that our +neighbors cannot or will not attack us if we are powerful enough in +armaments to intimidate them, simply teaches other nations to pursue +the same policy of attempted intimidation, which can only breed ill +will and ultimately tend to provoke actual hostilities.</p> + +<p>When disputes and misunderstandings arise, Christian Socialism favors +arbitration as a peaceful way of settling differences, appealing to +right and justice and intelligence, not to brute force and blind +passion. Hence the development of the principles of international law +and justice, the establishing of international courts of appeal and +arbitration in matters of divided jurisdiction or conflict of +interests is explicitly approved. Within the State, the principles of +Christian Socialism demand that each person participate in governing, +making government to become simply collective self-control <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>through +willing co-operation. In proper theories of government much progress +has been made towards at least the partial adoption of "the rule of +the people, by the people, for the people," though this maxim is +disregarded for earlier tyrannical or paternal theories of government +wherever women are debarred from taking their share in the duty of +directing and controlling the laws governing all and affecting all, +not only men but also women. The reason for still excluding children +is simply due to the fact of their immaturity.</p> + +<p>It is in the field of industry and commerce that the greatest +reconstruction will need to be made, for after having struggled so +long to secure the freedom of the individual when it becomes clearly +recognized that the only freedom that is even partially secured is the +negative one of being left alone and that positive freedom of +efficient action is lacking, there is bound to be a new direction to +the constant efforts of civilization to secure the good of its +component members. When aggregations, companies, corporations, trusts, +etc., become an "imperium in imperio," turning the powerful engine of +combination into the work of consolidating selfish aggrandizement and +rendering impossible the development of a normal and healthy life +among the great masses of the unorganized, the lesson taught by the +power of organization is likely to be learned by the masses, and this +will point to the attempt to secure the control for the co-operative +community of all those great fundamental factors that are sometimes +called natural monopolies, and the old regime that allowed these to be +used as toll houses on the highway of progress to levy tribute to +private monopoly and leading to the formation of a class of idle rich +on the one hand and of idle poor on the other, will require most +radical reconstruction in the interests of mankind.</p> + +<p>As Christian Socialism has no simple formula to solve all the manifold +and complex economic difficulties, it must go slowly, cautiously and +experimentally. As it sympathizes with both the individualist and the +collectivist in certain respects in each case, it may seem to favor +opposing policies, but perhaps it is a case of walking forward by +first moving up the left foot, then the right foot.</p> + +<p>Where competition is found by experience to be both feasibly and +advantageous, Christian Socialism will strive to secure real +competition and so will assist in removing any <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>device tariff or tax +that favors one and penalizes the other. On the other hand, where +monopolistic control is unavoidable or economically advantageous, it +will strive to have such monopolistic enterprize strictly supervised +and controlled by government or where it is practicable owned and +operated by the community through its government, central or local.</p> + +<p>Christian Socialism stands unambiguously and clearly for the sanctity +and preservation of the family as a fundamental social unit more +significant than the disconnected individuals in whose interests much +legislation has been made bearing heavily on the family and favoring +unduly those who have selfishly preferred to stand alone. As the +perpetuation of the race is one of the most obvious and outstanding of +the purposes of the family, marriage will need to be safeguarded still +more with this in view, that is to the securing of fit and proper +persons as parents through the guardianship, complete supervision and +restraint of the unquestionably unfit. Nevertheless, Christian +Socialism could scarcely be expected to endorse some of the wild and +even shockingly cruel and barbarous proposals of the eugenic group.</p> + +<p>The child is the special ward and care of Christian Socialism, and +here all the earlier paternalism of primitive Christianity may still +find beneficent scope. The child should be protected, nurtured and +cared for, and trained in such a manner as to prepare for the most +efficient and noble service at maturity. In the child we see embodied +our hope for the future, hence as the most promising road to the +fulfillment of the dreams of all social reformers and idealists we +must eventually learn to concentrate our efforts on the child. How can +the child be trained so as to develop most fully his latent aptitudes +and abilities so as to be capable on the one hand of reaching his own +greatest realization and on the other hand contributing most to the +good of the race? Surely we should all aim to secure for each and +every child the fullest development of all his powers, physical, +mental, moral-religious, and the moral-religious most of all if we are +to secure that altruistic character, that unselfish disposition +without which all plans, schemes and programs must necessarily end in +failure.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span><b>Fleming, William Hansell.</b> (Lecturer, Author and Editor.)</p> + +<p>If by Socialism you mean that the individual in asserting and +demanding his rights should consider and grant equal rights to all +others in the community, then I am in favor of Socialism.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Whitaker, Robert.</b> (Clergyman and Editor.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because I see no other way out of the +world-wide social distress which afflicts all the industrial nations +today. Capitalism has outlived its historic function, and is today a +cause of intolerable oppression, immeasurable misery and irrepressible +conflict. The whole order of things by which society exists for the +exploitation of the many by the few, either through competition or +private monopoly, is fundamentally awry, and must be superseded by an +order which shall give us the largest measure of practicable +co-operation for ends of common service. There can be no real or +lasting peace between capital and labor until society recognizes the +common rights of all in natural resources, until we meet the marvelous +multiplication of human effort through mechanical invention with +social ownership and democratic control of the machine, and until the +whole industrial order is organized so as to eliminate the waste of +competition not in the interest of a few great industrial barons, but +in the interest of the whole body of laborers. This is the program of +Socialism in a large way, a system of social service as against a +system of private profit, of co-operation as against exploitation, +whose threefold objective is to make every man a partner with every +other man in the commonwealth of nature, in the common gain of the +world's inventive genius which is fundamentally social and not +individual in its origin, and in the organization of industrial life, +which ought to be democratic and not autocratic or oligarchic in its +end.</p> + +<p>I am for Socialism because Socialism is the economic expression of +both democracy and religion, and because as such it is as inevitable +as the movement of the suns.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span><b>Schindler, Solomon.</b> (Author.)</p> + +<p>If Socialism means the adjustment of social conditions of the past to +the industrial and commercial needs of the present or some future day; +if its objects are the utilization of natural forces, inventions and +discoveries, for the benefit, not of the few, but for the greatest +number—I am thoroughly in favor of Socialism.</p> + +<p>Or, if Socialism stands for an endeavor to improve all things human, +to attack all the hostile forces that threaten human well-being, such +as hunger, sickness, ignorance, etc.—I, again, am in favor of +Socialism or any "ism" that will try to make this world a happy abode +of human beings.</p> + +<p>But, if Socialism should stand for upheaval by force instead of +peaceable evolution; if it should appeal to class hatred nurtured by +envy; if it should endeavor to realize dreams of an impossible +economic equality by means of the ballot or nitro-glycerine—in that +case I am not in favor of Socialism.</p> + +<p>Show me your Socialism, and I will tell you whether I am in favor of +it or not.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Axon, Stockton.</b> (University Professor and Writer.)</p> + +<p>I think that all people who hold progressive opinions are desirous of +getting a more equitable distribution of the wealth which is produced +by the many, of getting such governmental adjustments as will destroy +favors and special privileges under the government, of getting a +government sensitive to the interests of all instead of a few. I +believe these things can be accomplished by the free processes of +democracy in the hands of a thoroughly aroused and informed people, +sufficiently informed to make their own choices, and sufficiently +determined to hold their leaders responsible to themselves, the +people.</p> + +<p>Every progressive platform has in it something that may be called +Socialistic, and I am not sure just how much progressivism is +necessary to make a Socialist.</p> + +<p>Politically, I am a Democrat, and I was never stronger than now in the +faith that Democracy can be free and powerful to serve the best +interests of the whole people.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span><b>Clare, Israel Smith.</b> (Historian, Author of "Library of Universal +History," 15 Vols. Address: Lancaster, Pa., R.F.D. 2.)</p> + +<p>I am a Socialist because Socialism is right; because it is industrial +democracy and economic freedom; because it is in accordance with the +principle of human brotherhood; because it is against dividing up, +against breaking up the home, against free lust (wrongfully called +"free love," as all love is free love, there being no forced love or +compulsory love), against killing good incentive or good personal +initiative; because it is against robbing the producer of four-fifths +of his product; because it is against poverty, misery, prostitution, +vice, crime, insanity, war, murder, suicide, pestilence, famine, +ignorance and all that is bad; because its ethics are identical with +the ethics of Jesus Christ; because it would make man's existence in +this life a heaven upon earth; because the Socialism we already have +works so well, as our post-office system, our public school system, +our free textbook system, our public water and fire departments, our +public roads, our public parks, our public playgrounds, our public +libraries, etc.; because it is the next step in accord with economic +revolution and is inevitable, is destined to come in spite of all +opposition, in spite of all obstacles thrown in its way to obstruct or +retard it, and in spite of all mistakes or shortcomings of Socialists +themselves; in short, because Socialism is a rising sun.</p> + +<p>I am opposed to Capitalism, because it is social and economic slavery; +because it is in accord with the doctrine of human greed and +selfishness; because it robs the workers and the industrious and +rewards the shirkers and the exploiters; because it is for dividing up +with a vengeance; because it breaks up the home by low wages, +unemployment and high cost of living, as shown by government +statistics, which tell us that there are a million divorces every ten +years in this country; because it promotes race suicide, as the +marriage rate and the birth rate are decreasing, and the death rate +increasing, in all so-called civilized countries; because it causes +panics and business depressions and makes ninety-eight out of every +hundred business men fail (according to Dunn's Agency figures); +because it discourages all good incentive and encourages all bad +incentive; because it promotes free lust, or so-called "free love;" +because it causes poverty and then punishes its victims for being +poor; because it breeds poverty, misery, crime, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>prostitution, +drunkenness, insanity, political corruption, pestilence, famine, war, +murder, suicide, ignorance and all that is bad; because it is in +accordance with the ethics of His Satanic Majesty; because it is a +setting sun, a dying system, as it is destroying itself, is +impregnated with the seeds of its own dissolution, is slowly +committing suicide and digging its own grave, giving up the ghost, +unwept, unhonored and unsung.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>O'Neill, John M.</b> (Editor, The Miners' Magazine, Denver, Colo.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because I believe that Socialism in +operation means the emancipation of the human race. It is idle to talk +about political liberty while the vast majority of the people are +without industrial liberty. The man who owns a thousand jobs, owns a +thousand lives. Such a statement may sound harsh and brutal to the man +whose cradle has been rocked beneath the starry banner of young +Columbia, and he may say to me, "I am not a slave for I can quit the +owner of the job," but if he quits the owner of the job and he belongs +to the disinherited class, the wage earning class, then necessity +demands that he shall seek another owner of jobs, and he has merely +changed masters and he is still a slave.</p> + +<p>For men to be free, they must own their jobs, and to own the jobs the +people must own collectively, the natural resources of the earth, and +its machinery of production and distribution.</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because collective ownership of the earth +and its machines of production and distribution will open wide the +gates of equal opportunity to every man, woman and child who live upon +the face of the earth. Socialism means that the profit system shall be +destroyed and that upon its shattered ruins shall be built a real +republic, beneath whose sheltering dome, there can live no master and +no slave.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>James, W.E.S., M.A., B.D.</b> (Clergyman, Ayr, Ont., Canada.)</p> + +<p>Socialism is the scientific analysis of the present state of society +and the theory of social development founded thereon. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>A Socialist is +one whose study of this scientific analysis has convinced him that +society is progressing towards a co-operative commonwealth. My study +extends over fifteen years, and I clearly see the gradual +concentration of capital—the gradual consolidation of labor interests +and the life and death struggle between them. As no question is ever +settled until it is settled right, this can have only one result—the +capturing of the wealth of the nations by the producers of wealth and +the utilizing of it, not for the few, but for the whole people.</p> + +<p>With the passing of the small privately owned shop through the coming +of the large manufactury, socially operated but privately owned, way +was prepared for the larger, nation-wide manufactury, socially +operated and socially owned. It must come.</p> + +<p>As right has behind it all the power of omnipotence and so must +prevail the present system, which makes the many toil in poverty while +the few live on the earnings in idleness and luxury, must make way for +a system which will provide a more equitable reward of labor.</p> + +<p>As competition is based on man's selfishness and so is un-Christian, +co-operation, based on man's brotherhood, the essence of Christianity, +must supersede it.</p> + +<p>The capitalistic system must consider profits first—business must +pay—and men second. The last hundred years has traced the gradual +rise of man and the next twenty-five will see him freeing himself from +this system of wage slavery and evolving another which will dethrone +the dollar and will enthrone the rights of man.</p> + +<p>When the ballot was given to the masses and free education to their +children, the inevitable result was the rise of these masses to assert +their freedom and their right to all the product of their +labor—possible only in a co-operative commonwealth.</p> + +<p>Every great religious awakening of the past has resulted from the +preaching of some great neglected truth especially needed in that age. +The next great religious awakening will come from preaching the one +sadly neglected truth of this age—economic justice and brotherhood. +It will be greater, more fundamental, more stupendous in its effects +than any reformation or revolution of the past. It is inevitable.</p> + +<p>This coming emancipation of man—dethronement of competition and +dollar rule—the new moral, social and religious <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>awakening—these +give my life its greatest joy, its highest hope, and its greatest +inspiration to service. I am in favor of Socialism.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Peake, Elmore Elliott.</b> (Author.)</p> + +<p>The word "Socialism" (aside from its partisan use) has so many +connotations that one can hardly say he is either for it or against it +without being misconstrued. With Socialism's cardinal tenet, the +better distribution and the better production of wealth, I am heartily +in sympathy, as I suppose everybody is. People disagree as to the +means by which this may be obtained. Public ownership of +wealth-producing factors is evidently coming more and more into favor, +as is evidenced by the municipal ownership of electric, gas and water +plants. This principle is bound to be extended.</p> + +<p>But it seems to me that Socialism stands with Prohibition to this +extent: Long before either of them has made sufficient converts to put +their party in power, their principles will have been incorporated by +other parties which do not confine themselves to these specific +contentions.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Weber, Gustavus Adolphus.</b> (Economist.)</p> + +<p>The ideal of Socialism, as I understand it, is a condition of society +in which each individual will render his share of service in the +production and distribution of wealth, and in which each will receive +his proportionate share for consumption. I do not dispute the +desirability of such a condition. I take issue with the Socialists in +their contention that this condition can be brought about, or that a +material advance toward such a condition can be accomplished, by +legislation.</p> + +<p>Society must advance by gradual evolution, as it has done since its +beginning, and I believe that this ideal condition is still many +generations, perhaps centuries, distant. The only way to strive for +its realization is for each generation to do its part in promoting a +spirit of temperance, co-operation, fairness and intellectuality. +Society will then gradually realize <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>the waste, unfairness and +barbarism of industrial competition, of inheritance and of unequal +distribution and consumption. While man is thus slowly becoming +civilized, he will naturally devise from time to time, such laws and +such forms of government as will fit each stage of his development.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Strobell, George H.</b></p> + +<p>I work and vote for Socialism. Every age has its special problems, its +special tyranny to combat, its own liberty and independence to +preserve, to hand down to its descendants. The machine has destroyed +hand labor and association in labor is inevitable. The machine, too +large and complex to be owned by individuals, has made necessary +combinations of owners. Combinations of owners destroyed competition, +and, through resultant economy and increase of production and profit, +became rich and powerful corporations. These corporations control the +means of life of over nine-tenths of the people. The owners no longer +are the administrators of their property. They hire the necessary +business abilities to run the business machine, but they insistently +demand higher dividends and profits. These demands cause the virtual +slavery of the workers, and millions work today long hours at a speed +and productive capacity never before known in the world, and get so +little for it that they are hungry all the time, live in squalor and +dress poorly. More and better machinery being constantly invented, +turns loose on the labor market a host of unemployed to compete with +their fellow workers for work. We are not the freeman our fathers +were.</p> + +<p>Fortunes so vast as to stagger the imagination for a few; dire, +ever-increasing poverty for the masses is now and will be increasingly +the result of this development unless—</p> + +<p>Unless we look at it in the sane way, as a development toward a new +order, where the people will, in their collective capacity, own and +operate and democratically manage all industry. That will be +Socialism. There is no other way of escape in sight. Socialism is not, +however, inevitably the outcome. There must be conscious action by the +people to turn this evolution away from its present tendency. To +continue <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>as we are is to invite the destruction of our civilization. +Therefore I work and vote for Socialism. It is a step forward in the +progress of the race and a promise of the fulfillment of the prayer, +"Thy Kingdom come, on earth as it is in Heaven."</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Kalley, Ella Hartwig.</b> (Lecturer.)</p> + +<p>I have long felt the need of a more humane form of government, a +system of justice regulating international commercial relations, +insuring peace and education for the older as well as the younger +persons.</p> + +<p>Our country should be a republic, industrially as well as politically, +and liberate the wage slave by the abolition of the capitalist.</p> + +<p>As a writer, I shall continue to defend the interests of the masses +instead of the classes, and as a Temperance Suffragette Socialist +lecturer, I shall endeavor to inspire my audiences above the misty +horizon of all other political parties to the star line of true +reform, which is "the hoe of promise" and basis of a nation's +greatness.</p> + +<p>I am not alone in the thought that a temperance plank added to the +Socialist Platform would cause the greatest majority to leave other +parties, as Socialism would be more attractive than ever, to the very +finest and best representatives of society everywhere, while justice +would flower and bloom and the Dove of Peace perch upon our banners. +It would be a lame platform for any political party to overlook the +crying need of reform on all lines and to enforce the boasted pure +food law, and at the same time to tolerate and uphold distilleries, +saloons and breweries, is to herald the weakness and sandy foundation +of the parties, old or new. As comrades and co-workers in behalf the +downtrodden, let loyal men and women unite and lead in the vanguard of +Christian political victory.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Levermore, Charles Herbert.</b> (Educator and Author.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because I believe in the common ownership +of land and water and of instruments of <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>production and distribution, +and because I believe that the highest ideals of social and moral +perfection would lead us all to labor for the welfare of the community +rather than of any individual.</p> + +<p>But I am not convinced that any party now called Socialist, or any +group of avowedly Socialist leaders has as yet shown a safe and +practicable plan for the realization of those ideals.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Kinney, Abbot.</b> (Author, Venice, Cal.)</p> + +<p>We are all Socialists. Man is a social animal. It is consequently +impossible that any government of man should be anything but a +Socialism.</p> + +<p>The people have lost sight of the fact that all property in a State +belongs to the State. The exercise by every State of the right of +eminent domain is an illustration of this. Modern governments +customarily pay the private user or holder of property, when the +property is taken for public use. This is always the rule when +property is taken by corporations, or persons under a delegation to +them of the right of eminent domain. It is only properly so delegated +for public utilities in private hands.</p> + +<p>Public payment for property so taken is a matter of convention and +convenience. It is deemed fair that property taken from one member of +the society for the benefit of all, should be paid for by all. Or, if +such property is taken by a common carrier, for instance, that such +common carrier should pay for it. In case of public stress, however, +as in the blowing up of a row of houses to stop the course of a fire, +or in the seizure of food or quarters for the use of military in +national defense, or in the clearing away of houses or property for +defensive purposes, payment may or may not be made as the conditions +indicate.</p> + +<p>More than this, every human life in a society belongs to the State. +Thus the State may draft its citizens to fight fire, suppress +disorder, or take part in the military defense of the society or +State. The State also imprisons and even executes its members who +attack the general welfare.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span><b>Cazalet, Edward Alexander.</b> (President of the Anglo-Russian Literary +Society, Imperial Institute, London.)</p> + +<p>The ideals of Socialism might be realized by the precepts of +Christianity, "love your neighbor as yourself." Difficult social +questions which cannot be solved by the head are sometimes settled by +the heart, for it appeals to the conscience, diminishing selfishness +and making all classes friends. Christian Socialism, by encouraging +mutual concessions, might perhaps attain better results than agitation +and violence.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Allen, Fred Hovey.</b> (Clergyman and Author.)</p> + +<p>I believe in a Socialism which levels upward, which makes a man what +he was not, only a higher, nobler, richer being. I believe that next +to being God, the greatest thing is to be a man. The more Godlike he +becomes, the more man will reflect the true and only permanent +Socialism.</p> + +<p>I am in favor of such Socialism as will attach the chain of +brotherhood to the lowest, if that lowest is capable of rising into +true manhood, because truth, honesty, love and kindness mean the +Kingdom of Heaven begun on earth, and equal rights to all the children +of God.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Helms, E.J.</b> (Clergyman.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism insofar as it is the practical application +of Christianity to our economic and industrial life.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Conger-Kaneko, Josephine.</b> (Editor, The Progressive Women.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because it seems to be the next step in +social evolution, carrying the human race toward a more perfect +civilization.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span><b>Hitchcock, Charles C.</b> (Merchant and Author.)</p> + +<p>We are fast coming to realize that co-operation in the use of our +economic resources is the only form of society worthy of civilized +people.</p> + +<p>A co-operative commonwealth demands that the able-bodied individual +shall not be allowed to consume more wealth as measured in labor +power, than he creates. Is not this so evidently reasonable that the +system should command the approval of every fair mind? It doubtless +would do so were we not born into and environed by the capitalist +order, thereby being naturally prejudiced against an innovation so +radically different as is Socialism.</p> + +<p>Perhaps no more comprehensive definition of Socialism can be given +than that by Walter Thomas Mills, which is:</p> + +<p>"First. The collective ownership of the means of producing the means +of life."</p> + +<p>"Second. The democratic management by the workers of the collectively +owned means of producing the means of life."</p> + +<p>"Third. Equal opportunities for all men and women to the use and +benefits of these collectively owned and democratically managed means +of producing the means of life."</p> + +<p>Under the present order of society the means of producing the means of +life are privately owned and controlled; the owners thereby forming a +privileged class and are enabled to dictate the terms on which the +means of life—land and the machinery of production—can be used.</p> + +<p>As a result of this private ownership labor receives but a portion of +the product, the larger part of wealth produced being either wasted in +the strife of competition or retained by the capitalist in the form of +interest, rent and profit.</p> + +<p>The wealth we command merely through the ownership of stocks and +bonds—so-called income producing capital—is wealth received which we +do nothing to produce; hence this wealth must, of necessity, be +produced by others who are deprived of a portion of their product. +This wealth thus appropriated is wealth derived from profit in the +employment of labor (surplus value). A thorough study of economics +shows clearly that interest, rent, and profit result in exploitation +of labor—the robbery of labor. It is this profit system which is +strangling our civilization. Poverty and the greater portion of crime +can be traced directly to this exploitive system.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>The aim of the Socialist movement is the dethronement of capital and +the capitalistic class by merging all humanity into one class, a +producing class.</p> + +<p>The exploited majority, the poverty stricken, the submerged, as now +under capitalism, will under a Socialistic Republic come into their +inheritance—equality of opportunity to the resources of wealth and +production—and be enabled to retain the wealth they produce.</p> + +<p>The capitalist class, in any fair view of the situation, while being +obliged to surrender the privileges now retained through the private +ownership of "the means of producing the means of life," will under a +Social Republic receive indirect benefit which we claim will out-weigh +any advantage they may now seem to possess.</p> + +<p>Human nature does not stand in the way of the realization of a +co-operative commonwealth. It is natural that mankind not only seek +but demand that to which they are in equity entitled. Under capitalism +the majority are exploited out of a good share of their product. As +the producer awakens to an understanding of the present situation, it +is this normal and justifiable self-interest—selfishness—which will +prove to be a strong, if not the leading, factor in bringing about +Socialism.</p> + +<p>The unseemly antagonism and strifes so manifest today under capitalism +are largely traceable directly to our conflicting economic interests +occasioned by the private ownership of the means of life.</p> + +<p>A study of social evolution leads clearly in the direction of +Socialism. But it is when we carefully consider the economic situation +that we become aware of the fallacy of the capitalist system and +realize that the wealth producing majority will in time inevitably +demand, as a matter of justice, the co-operative commonwealth; that +is, will insist that the wealth producer receive the wealth he +produces—that the capitalist, who as capitalist receives usury +thereby commanding, without labor, wealth produced by others, must +cease to be a parasite on labor.</p> + +<p>This changed order, this revolution, can be brought about only through +socialization of the means of production and of distribution.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>Not very long ago the advocate of Socialism was the voice "crying in +the wilderness." Today he bears "good tidings of great joy" to a +rapidly assembling multitude.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Noll, Aaron.</b> (Clergyman.)</p> + +<p>I have been a member of the Socialist Party since the year 1900. I +have, also, for twenty-five years, been a Christian minister, serving +pastorates, in regular connection with an orthodox denomination—the +Reformed Church in the United States. I am increasingly persuaded of +the righteousness of the Socialist Movement. To me it seems that +Socialism will make possible, in a practical way, the social ideals of +the founder of the Christian Religion. The Church, at any period of +its history, may, or it may not, truthfully, stand for the practical +application of those ideals. But the Socialist Movement, at all times, +the world over, stands for social and industrial justice. Jesus +implanted in the consciousness of man the worth of the individual +life. Socialism will make possible the true development of the +individual unto a complete life. Socialism will throw around every +individual a wall of protection against the rapacity of the strong, +greedy, selfish individual, and it will put into the hands of every +one the means of life whereby he may rise to the full stature of his +being, there being none to hinder or oppress him. The concern of each +will be the concern of all. But it will be a concern founded on +justice, love and peace. Socialism, being scientifically correct, +holds out to all men a vision of future good that inspires a hope that +makes life seem worth while.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Russell, Charles Edward.</b> (Journalist and Author.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because Socialism would put an end to the +monstrous system of injustice by which men toil to create wealth and +then are deprived of the wealth that they create. All wealth is +created by labor and should belong to the men and women whose labor +creates it.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>Socialism would abolish poverty, put an end to child labor, make +education the universal possession, abolish prostitution and make the +earth fit for the inhabitation of its children. It would obliterate +the slum, the breeder of nine-tenths of the evils that now afflict +society. It would mean industrial as well as political democracy. I +believe in democracy. Therefore, I believe in Socialism, which is +perfected and applied democracy.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>James, George Wharton.</b> (Explorer, Ethnologist and Author.)</p> + +<p>As I now stand I can scarcely be said either to favor or oppose +Socialism. The term must first be clearly defined. I believe in +fellowship, in municipal ownership of all public or semi-public +utilities; the establishment of free municipal markets for vegetables, +etc.; the purchase by the city authorities of fruit, vegetables, eggs, +meat, coal, etc., when dealers seek to force up the prices, and their +disposal at cost to users. I would take back from all corporations, or +else compel them to pay to the people an annual rent for the same, all +water rights, power rights, etc., that they have filed upon and held +by the right of might; I would make all great coal mining, oil mining +and other reapers of crops for which they did not sow, pay a certain +percentage of their returns into the public treasury; I would compel +the abolition of all slums, even to the extent of compelling the +municipalities to provide decent shelter for the poor at reasonable +rates; I would parole all well-behaved prisoners (as a rule) at the +end of a year and give them a chance to make good; I in every way +would seek to educate the people as a whole to the rights, +responsibilities and privileges of government, and then give them, +what is theirs inherently, a full power to determine how and by whom +they shall be governed.</p> + +<p>These, hastily and crudely expressed, are some of my ideas on this +important question.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span><b>Koeb, Otto, B.S.</b> (Stanford University, Cal.)</p> + +<p>I believe in universal world-peace between all nations. Since the +Socialists are the only political party honestly indorsing +world-peace, I sympathize with them.</p> + +<p>I am in favor of an universal eight-hour working day, six days per +week; abolition of child labor; creation of old age pensions for +disabled working men. A certain minimum wage rate, which makes it +possible for every normally developed laborer to support a family. Up +to the above mentioned points I am in favor of Socialism.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="cenb"><b>Cooke, George Willis.</b> (Author and Lecturer.)</p> + +<p>I am in favor of Socialism because I believe in equal opportunities +for all children born into the world, and that each should be able to +use all his natural gifts according to his ability.</p> + +<p>I believe in Socialism because I detest all forms of monopoly and +exclusiveness, not being able to see why the minority should possess +property and the majority should be deprived of its advantages. If it +is good for any, it is good for all.</p> + +<p>I am a Socialist because it is quite apparent that the great +fundamental sources of the necessities of life, on which all alike are +dependent, are social and public in their nature, and should be open +to all. They should belong to the nation, accessible on the same terms +to all who need them, without giving monopolistic advantage to any.</p> + +<p>I am a Socialist because I cannot understand why one man should be +subject to another as slave, serf or wage-earner. No man is good +enough, said Lincoln, to have the control of another man's life.</p> + +<p>I am a Socialist because I believe in the equality of men and women, +that the domination of women by men has been vastly injurious to the +race, and that the ballot will give women a better opportunity to live +a noble and healthy life as woman, wife and mother.</p> + +<p>I am a Socialist because I believe in freedom, individuality and +initiative for every man and woman, and that these can be secured for +all men and women, according to the measure of their individual +capacity, only by that co-operative method offered by Socialism.</p> + +<br /> + +<hr class="shorthr" /> + +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span><br /> + +<h3>HERE AND THERE.</h3> +<br /> + +<p>Here is a mother kneeling by a cradle, who vainly endeavors with +smacks and kindly words to appease her hungry babies.</p> + +<p>There is a father, dusty and fatigued, vainly begging for work.</p> + +<p>Here is a magnificent edifice which is called a museum. It shelters +dead mummies and statues of marble.</p> + +<p>There on a park bench sits a homeless living human being, who, +shivering with cold, stares at the pale moon and wonders why his tears +are subject to gravitation.</p> + +<p class="right">EDWARD SILVIN.</p> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + +<div class="tr"> +<p class="cen"><a name="TN" id="TN"></a>Typographical errors corrected in text:</p> +<br /> +Page 21: "more significant that" replaced with "more significant than"<br /> +</div> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Why I am in favor of socialism, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHY I AM IN FAVOR OF SOCIALISM *** + +***** This file should be named 37141-h.htm or 37141-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/1/4/37141/ + +Produced by Adrian Mastronardi and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Why I am in favor of socialism + +Author: Various + +Release Date: August 21, 2011 [EBook #37141] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHY I AM IN FAVOR OF SOCIALISM *** + + + + +Produced by Adrian Mastronardi and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + * * * * * + + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | | + | Bold text is represented =like so=. | + | | + | Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. For | + | a complete list, please see the end of this document. | + | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + + * * * * * + + + + + Why I Am + In Favor of Socialism + + [Illustration] + + SYMPOSIUM + + [Illustration] + + Original Papers + + [Illustration] + + EDWARD SILVIN + + [Illustration] + + Sacramento, California + U. S. A. + + + + + Copyright, 1913 + BY EDWARD SILVIN + + + + +INDEX TO AUTHORS + + + Allen, Fred Hovey 31 + + Andrews, Eliza Frances 10 + + Andrews, Martin Register 12 + + Axon, Stockton 23 + + Baldwin, E.F. 11 + + Baxter, James Phinney 11 + + Beard, Daniel Carter 11 + + Bigelow, Poultney 9 + + Broome, Isaac 15-16 + + Burgess, Gelett 8-9 + + Cazalet, Edward Alexander 31 + + Chancellor, William Estabrook 7-8 + + Clare, Israel Smith 24-25 + + Conger-Kaneko, Josephine 31 + + Cooke, George Willis 36 + + Cutler, James Elbert 5 + + Fisk, Everett Olin 9 + + Fleming, William Hansell 22 + + Gates, George Augustus 7 + + Helms, E.J. 31 + + Hitchcock, Charles C. 32-34 + + Hume, Gibson 17-21 + + James, George Wharton 35 + + James, W.E.S. 25-27 + + Kalley, Ella Hartwig 29 + + Kinney, Abbot 30 + + Koeb, Otto 36 + + Levermore, Charles Herbert 29-30 + + London, Jack 5 + + Loveman, Robert 5-6 + + Noll, Aaron 34 + + O'Neill, John M. 25 + + Parsons, Eugene 16-17 + + Peake, Elmore Elliott 27 + + Pease, Charles Giffin 13 + + Post, Louis Freeland 6 + + Russell, Charles Edward 34-35 + + Sawyer, Roland Douglas 14 + + Schindler, Solomon 23 + + Silvin, Edward 37 + + Sinclair, Upton 14 + + Smiley, James L. 6 + + Strobell, George H. 28-29 + + Towne, Elizabeth 12 + + Taylor, J.P. 15 + + Weber, Gustavus Adolphus 27-28 + + Whitaker, Robert 22 + + White, Hervey 9-10 + + Whitson, John Harvey 10-11 + + Williams, S.B. 15 + + + + +Why I Am In Favor of Socialism + + +=London, Jack.= (Author.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because I am an individualist, and because +in Socialism I see the only possible social organization that will +give equal opportunity and an even chance to every individual to +develop and realize what is strongest and best in him--and in her, if +you please. + +Because Socialism is in line with social evolution, is foreshadowed as +inevitable by today's social tendencies, was foreshadowed as +inevitable by the social tendencies of ten thousand years ago and ten +thousand generations ago. + +Because I am convinced that it is the only form of social organization +that will give a square deal to the little boys and girls that are +coming into the world today, tomorrow, and in the days after +tomorrow's morrow. + + * * * * * + + +=Cutler, James Elbert.= (University Professor.) + +I am in favor of Socialism as regards its aims and purposes, because I +believe it to be in this respect in harmony with the fundamental +principles of social progress. + + * * * * * + + +=Loveman, Robert.= (Poet.) + +I believe Plato favored an ideal commonwealth, and I favor Plato. + +Walt Whitman was inclined towards the Utopian theory--and Walt was a +poet with a "yawp," that was perhaps barbarian--but it was emphatic. + +I am something of a Socialist--a little of a Communist--I hope not +much of an Anarchist--and I believe with Lincoln that "God must love +the common people--He made so many of them." + +Wm. Morris, the English poet, had Socialistic theories--and headed a +movement in 1884, I believe--so we have plenty of example. I do not +hate the rich--but I pity the poor--and I do not think a few men +should own billions--and hoard the wealth--and that millions of human +kind starving, barely exist. We are still savage. + + * * * * * + + +=Post, Louis Freeland.= (Editor, The Public, Chicago, Ill.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because it aims at abolishing the +exploitation of labor. + + * * * * * + + +=Smiley, James L.= (Clergyman.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because--First: It stands for absolute +justice. It guarantees to every one the full product of his labor. It +provides that children and infirm and aged persons be cared for by the +strong. It demands that all the natural resources of the earth be +equitably administered for all the inhabitants. + +Second: Socialism will abolish capitalism, which is a grand system of +gambling. + +Third: Socialism will abolish the evil fruits of capitalism, such as +internecine commercial competition, the white slave traffic, +preventable poverty and disease, and war itself. + +Fourth: Socialism means brotherhood, industrial and commercial. It, +therefore, harmonizes with the teachings of the Bible, making the Ten +Commandments and the "Sermon on the Mount" perfectly practicable. + +Fifth: As an excellent example of its practical value, Socialism will +solve the intricate liquor problem. By public ownership this traffic +will be purified from all adulterations and excessive abuse, allowing +(in harmony with the Bible) the temperate use of pure beverages. + +Sixth: Socialism is the economic expression of Christianity. + + * * * * * + + +=Gates, George Augustus.= (President, Fisk University.) + +I don't think I am wholly in favor of Socialism, though I believe it +would, even if actually in power, be better than the present reign of +stark capitalism. + +I am in favor of about nine-tenths of what Socialism advocates. Nearly +all of the world's real troubles arise from selfishness. Some way must +at last be found out of that regime. The world is keyed to mutual +helpfulness; consequently there is and ought to be discord as long as +we stupidly play the great game of life in the false key. There is, as +a matter of fact, mutual helpfulness anyhow; we cannot live without +each other, and more so as our civilization rises. The trouble is that +in the present order this helpfulness is an incident, not the motive. +All gospels must unite to make it the motive. + + * * * * * + + +=Chancellor, William Estabrook.= (Lecturer and Author.) + +It all depends upon the definition and description of Socialism. I am +heartily in favor of what I call Socialism. I was indeed mayoralty +candidate in my city upon a Socialistic ticket. I do not see how any +good or intelligent man can oppose my notions of Socialism. To +illustrate: I believe that God made the earth for all of us and that +it is a crime, vile and terrible, to allow any man or woman as +landlord to collect rent from the father of a family or the mother of +babies for a place upon which to rear their children--God's children, +my brothers. Yet I, myself, am both a landlord and a rent tenant +because of a pitiful legalistic and economic regime that does not +allow me to solve my problem. I am a landlord of a trust estate and +yet unable to buy a home where my business is because I cannot sell. +It is a mere illustration. There are tens of thousands of others as +pertinent. + +To illustrate again: I am sure that it is absurd and wicked that some +should rot in luxury without working, while others die of the diseases +of starvation though working diligently. I am in favor of changing the +statute laws so that these kings shall no more be, than chattel +slavery of blacks, or the punishment of religious heresy by death. I +believe that the Father in Heaven does not intend the vicious +inequitableness of this passing economic system and of this social +regime upon which the habit-minded look with such apish pleasure. I +refuse to eat the leavened bread of the Pharisees and to sit silent +amid these wrongs; but at the same time I suspect that I am rather an +opportunistic reformer, a Christian Socialist, perhaps a Social +Democrat, than a revolutionary all-or-none, now-this-minute Socialist, +for I can be charitable to most other men who still worship the idols +of the market-place. Some, however, I cannot forgive; I cannot forgive +the hypocrites or the malicious. + + * * * * * + + +=Burgess, Gelett.= (Author.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because I believe that co-operation, rather +than competition will the sooner bring about the brotherhood of man. + +Because the conditions that surround the majority of mankind are +continually growing worse, and Socialism offers a radical solution for +the problem of the greatest happiness for the greatest number. + +Because the rich are steadily growing richer, and the poor, poorer, +under the present industrial system. + +Because the concentration of this wealth in the hands of a few has +shown the possibility of a centralized control of the industries, and +has taught methods of handling big business, so that these activities +may and should be in the hands of the people. + +Because of the enormous saving through co-operation, both time and +opportunity will be increased for the benefit of the people. + +Because the use of this time may be used by the people for education, +for culture, for travel and for larger mental growth. + +Because this change in economic system will emancipate woman by making +her man's equal and will thereby develop her mind, her self-respect, +and her inventive capacity. + +Because with a rational industrial system and the opportunity for +leisure natural and sexual selection will work more freely amongst men +and women by giving both a wider choice, a better approximation of the +ideal mate. + +Because this effect will result in a benefit and happiness not only to +the present but to the future of the race. + +Because Socialism is the only project which contemplates these +benefits. + + * * * * * + + +=Bigelow, Poultney.= (Author and Barrister.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because it is the teachings of our Savior, +Jesus Christ, and of his predecessors, the Buddhists, and before them +the people who followed the example of Rama or Brahma. + + * * * * * + + +=Fisk, Everett Olin.= (President of the Fisk Teachers' Agencies.) + +While I do not count myself a Socialist in the extreme sense and shall +never vote a Socialist ticket, I lean very strongly toward public +ownership of public utilities and find myself in cordial sympathy with +the view of some of my intimate friends who will vote for Mr. Debbs. +Just how fast the public should assume control of public utilities I +am not clear, but I feel quite sure that we should move in that +direction and keep public ownership in mind as an ideal. Whatever +embarrassments may arise, and certainly embarrassments must arise in +any change of program, I feel that the disadvantages would be more +than offset by the education of the public and by the cultivation of +public spirit which would naturally accompany the gradual introduction +of public control. + +The fact that the post-office, the public schools and in many cities +water supply, street lighting and transportation have been well +managed by the public, promises well for extension of public control +and I think we are moving along toward this perhaps as fast as can be +expected, in view of our imperfect human nature. + + * * * * * + + +=White, Hervey.= (Novelist and Poet.) + +Socialism seems to me the most practical plan for the individuals of a +highly specialized and complicated society to share the duties, the +responsibilities, and the rewards of their organization. + +It is the logical development of our system of combination or "trusts" +that has already supplanted competition. It will do more to put the +wealth produced by intellect and labor into the possession of the +earners than any program I have met with. + + * * * * * + + +=Andrews, Eliza Frances.= (Author and College Professor.) + +There are so many reasons why I am a Socialist and why everybody +should be one, that it would require a book to give them all. A few of +them are: + +First: Because I believe that those who do the work of the world +should receive the full product of their labor, and not be forced, as +under the capitalist system, to pay a tribute from their toil for the +support of useless idlers. + +Second: I believe that "the earth and the fullness thereof" was +provided by nature for the benefit of all her children, and not as the +"vested interest" of a few greedy monopolists. + +Third: As history teaches us through the example of Jesus Christ and +all who have rendered the greatest and noblest services to mankind, +that, love of greed and personal gain is not an incentive, but a +hindrance to noble deeds. I believe that Socialism, by removing this +hindrance, will leave men free to follow the higher promptings of +their nature, and through the noble incentives it offers, hasten the +evolution of the race to a higher plane. + + * * * * * + + +=Whitson, John Harvey.= (Novelist.) + +At present I am a Progressive. But I can see that our industrial +system is breaking down. As men rise in the scale of humanity they +reach a point, and it is now near, when the exploitation of the weaker +by the stronger can no longer be tolerated. I think present conditions +clearly show that the government (the people) should own all such +natural monopolies as coal, oil, minerals and the like; and that the +railways, express companies, and the big machinery of transportation +should also be government conducted, like the post-office. When that +has been accomplished, further steps in that line can be taken, if the +people deem that best. In so far, I am in favor of Socialism, and +stand ready to go farther when it seems desirable and the people are +ready for it. That is, have risen to it. + + * * * * * + + +=Beard, Daniel Carter.= (Author and Artist.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because I am not afraid of their ever +introducing into this country the Socialism of Carl Marx, and I do +believe that by their propaganda, their enthusiasm and insistency, +they are forcing people to think who otherwise would drift along in +the same old rut, and anything that makes the people think stands for +progress, although it may not be progress along the lines advocated. + + * * * * * + + +=Baldwin, E.F.= (Editor, Star, Peoria, Ill.) + +Socialism is a beautiful dream, but when we wake up, we still have to +scratch for a living. Under Socialism, one man is as good as another, +and generally a good deal better. Poverty is a crime. Therefore, every +poor man ought to be in jail. Socialism is a panacea for all the +present ills. The trouble is, nobody wants to apply it. Under the +present system, it is every man for himself, and the devil take the +hindmost. Under Socialism every man is hindmost. Every honest man now +is a Socialist. The trouble is, there are no honest men. I never knew +but one honest Socialist editor, and he has just committed suicide. + + * * * * * + + +=Baxter, James Phinney.= (Author and Ex-Mayor, Portland, Me.) + +Socialism is subject to several definitions. There is a Christian +Socialism which embodies the spirit of the second precept: "Thou shalt +love thy neighbor as thyself." It is patient and long-suffering; wise +in its efforts of helping men to advance by righteous ways to the +stature of true manhood. + + * * * * * + + +=Towne, Elizabeth.= (Editor and Author.) + +I am in favor of the Socialist ideal, because it aims to take care of +all the people, affording equal opportunity for everybody to develop, +laying no extra burdens on any one person or class of persons. I +believe the Socialist ideal to be the ripened fruit which the world is +to bring forth. + +But I do not believe in the Socialist practice of forcing the ripening +of that fruit. In other words, I do not believe the world is ready to +do away with capitalism. And I do not believe in the inopportunism of +Socialists. I do not believe in tearing off the husks of capitalism +before human intelligence is ripe for expression on the higher plane. +As long as Socialists hold aloof, and will not co-operate with +capitalism they show themselves unfit to co-operate with all the +people in the world in the making of an ideal government without +capitalism. The Socialists missed the chance of a life-time, yes, of a +hundred years, when they did not lead and nominate Theodore Roosevelt +and Hiram Johnson on their own ticket, instead of putting up two men +whom they know it is impossible to elect this year, thus weakening the +strength of Roosevelt, who is trying to put into practice a whole lot +of the Socialist program, which the Socialists accused him of stealing +from them. As if the Socialists themselves did not steal every one of +those ideas from somebody else! Why, Confucius ran a Socialist +government five hundred years before Christ. I am opposed to the +Socialist practice of hypnotising itself with the working class +consciousness, in opposition to all other classes. Because of +Socialist inopportunism others will have to do the practical work of +putting into practice the Socialist ideal. Theodore Roosevelt has done +and is doing more to bring Socialism into practice than any other one +man in the world today. + + * * * * * + + +=Andrews, Martin Register.= (College Professor and Editor.) + +I have listened attentively to the talks of Socialist orators, who +seem to be honest, earnest men, who have a strong desire to do +something for the betterment of "poor, sad humanity." With many of the +reforms for which they plead I am heartily in sympathy. + + * * * * * + + +=Pease, Charles Giffin, M.D.= (Reformer and Author.) + +I am in favor of Socialism, the fundamental basis of which, as I +understand Socialism, is economic co-operation or the individual +laboring for the good of the whole; for the reason that competition is +based upon selfishness, and stimulates selfishness. + +Competition or doing business for individual gain is responsible for +the placing of liquor saloons on almost every other block of some of +our avenues; for the opening of a still larger number of tobacco +stores for the sale of the most poisonous weed grown; for the opening +of gambling halls, race tracks, questionable resorts and brothels of +all kinds. Doing business for personal gain is an incentive to foister +upon the people intoxicating liquors, tobacco and other harmful drinks +and articles by means of alluring advertisements; the adulteration of +foods; the maintaining of high prices, thus depriving the poor, who +are victims of the competitive system, of the necessities of life. + +Under the present system, the anxiety of the employed upon the advent +of "dull times," lest they may lose the needed employment; the unrest, +the chicanery, the criminality and the perversion of normal appetites +resulting therefrom, is opposed to the best interests of the race +morally, mentally and physically. + +Competition or doing business for personal gain, develops the worst +there is in man. Co-operation or the individual laboring for the +whole, brings out or develops the best there is in man and establishes +true brotherhood. The greatest benefactors the world has ever known +have labored for the uplift of the race without personal material gain +as an incentive, but with the full knowledge that their labors would +mean for them persecution or perhaps the Cross. + +Under Socialism, the whole moral atmosphere would be changed and the +individual, and consequently, the race would be enriched in the +development of qualities that make for peace, joy, love and normality, +as man would merge from the influence of the present conditions into +the influence of the conditions under Socialism. + + * * * * * + + +=Sawyer, Roland Douglas= (Clergyman and Author, Ware, Mass.) + +We of the present generation come into a world where the swamps are +cleared, the forests felled, the soil ready for our seed, roads of +gravel, steel, and across the trackless waters connect us; great +machines of iron and steel are ready to take upon their tireless +muscles the work of the world--and the human race today is rich--so +rich that it can easily supply the material needs of every soul. + +But still over half the race are in want, just as though we were poor. + +The only thing needed is a scientific organization of industry, and +Socialism is a scheme for such scientific organization. Therefore, I, +as being intelligent to the present-day conditions, favor Socialism. + +Of course, those who are selfishly receiving personal gains out of the +present system, and those who live in the ideas of the dead, will howl +for "things as they are," but more and more we must firmly (though +kindly) show them the door--they don't belong with us of this day. + +I might also add that it is necessary for me to advocate Socialism to +square myself with my profession; I am a minister of the Gospel; as +such I advocate before men that there is a loving Father in Heaven; +that Jesus was the divine, ideal man; that human beings have souls +that will not die with the body. I could not advocate these things +without blushing if I did not at the same time condemn the existing +social order--for the existing social order kills the souls in men, +the ideals of Jesus cannot live in it, and should it continue we could +not believe in a loving Father who rules things. For me to preach the +gospel of Jesus without at the same time demanding social revolution, +would be for me to confess that I was either a mental prostitute or a +moral pervert, and I hope I am neither. + + * * * * * + + +=Sinclair, Upton.= (Author.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because it is impossible for me to be happy +while living under a system which deprives others of the fruits of +their labor. + + * * * * * + + +=Taylor, J.P.= (Manufacturer, Winston-Salem, N.C.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because I think that the time has about +arrived for society to take into its own hands the operation of the +means of producing and distributing the wealth by which it lives and +progresses. + +I have become conscious that the present mode of production and +distribution of wealth does not fill society's requirements; that +private ownership is no longer necessary in the machinery of wealth +production and distribution, either as owning or managing; that the +whole machinery is operated by hired men; that these hired men can +better be used to produce social wealth for use than private wealth +for profit. + + * * * * * + + +=Williams, S.B.= (Clergyman, Eureka Springs, Ark.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because it is more than a political party. +It is a world movement having as its fundamental principles, the +teachings of Jesus. It is an intensely practical interpretation of +such teachings. Socialism stands for the brotherhood of the human +race. It is a constructive program of economics that will result in +the emancipation of the wage slave. Many good people misunderstand +Socialism, because some of its most ardent advocates blunder in their +teaching, and its growth is retarded by the fact that skeptics and +infidels become prominent in leadership and try to foster their +private religious beliefs on the movement, but in time all such will +find their proper level, and all true, earnest Christians will be glad +to embrace the propaganda, and Socialism in its truest aspects will +help to usher in the kingdom promised by our Lord. + + * * * * * + + +=Broome, Isaac.= (Sculptor, Lecturer, Inventor and Author, Trenton, +N.J.) + +All good men--poets, artists, moralists, philosophers, scientists, +economists, scholars--have in all ages proclaimed the ideal of a +civilization, wherein all should help and protect each other, to +develop intelligence and destroy ignorance, which is the root of all +crime and misery. + +Socialism has for its proper idea the fulfillment of this universal +hope--by uniting the world industrially, with the object of abolishing +poverty as the base of ignorance, and ignorance as the base of crime, +injustice and disorganized society. This is the ideal. An ideal +impossible at present with society composed of a few ignorant, +predatory rich and a mass of equally ignorant, predatory poor--both +destroyers of society's substance, from the scientific, economic view. + + * * * * * + + +=Parsons, Eugene.= (Editor.) + +I am not altogether opposed to Socialism. I am willing to see a move, +yes, several moves, made in that direction. I am in favor of municipal +ownership of public utilities, such as gas, water, electric light, +street railways, etc. When franchises for these utilities are sold or +given away to an individual or a company, they afford opportunities +for private enrichment at the expense of the people at large. + +If such enterprises as water or lighting, or tramways, be in the hands +of the city fathers, the profits, if there be any, go into the pockets +of the common people, which is better than the piling up of fortunes +by the favored few, known in common parlance as "big business." + +It has been proved time and again that men of business ability and +initiative do have public spirit and are willing to serve the people +well, to give the attention requisite for success in the management of +public utilities. I have a case in mind. The light plant of Ellsworth, +Iowa, is a paying proposition, although run by the town. Says the +"Ellsworth News," December 5, 1912: + +"Not only is it a question of being on a paying proposition, but the +comfort of having good lights is worth considerable. The city fathers +are to be congratulated upon the management of the light plant. Many +dollars of expense would have been added to the installation of the +plant had they charged anything for their services, but they had gone +to a great deal of trouble and a large amount of expense that they had +paid out of their own pockets, just because they were enough +interested in the welfare of the town to push things along and make it +a success." + +There it is in a nutshell--unselfish service. So it is a matter that +involves one of the fundamentals of human nature. However, the +altruistic sentiment will develop more and more under a different +system from the present, with all its inequalities in the distribution +of wealth. + +The question is a large one, requiring full discussion. Let the trial +of municipal ownership and management be made, I say. Time will tell +how much of grafting will be done. Je ne sais quoi. I for one am +willing to risk it. + +Furthermore, let us go one step toward Socialism in another direction. +I refer to the nationalization of railways. I am in favor of it, and +hold that all public-spirited citizens should advocate it, whether +Socialists or not. It would simplify things, and put an end to the +extortionate charges of the express companies, to say nothing of +unfair freight rates. + + * * * * * + + +=Hume, Gibson, A.M., Ph. D.= (Head of the Department of Philosophy, +University of Toronto, Canada.) + +To endorse and accept all the various conflicting and even +contradictory proposals loosely and popularly called Socialism would +indeed be absurd and ridiculous. Nevertheless, on the whole the term +Socialism has stood for constructive rather than destructive plans. +What might be termed Christian Socialism, or perhaps still better +constructive Christian Socialism, has ideals and aims that I +unhesitatingly adopt as noble, just and right. When it comes to a +program or plan to give practical application and realization to these +ideals there is much room for debate and difference of opinion. Here, +it seems to me, we face real problems. + +Christian theology dealing with the relations of God and man succeeded +long ago in definitely rejecting the abstract atomism of atheism, and +also, though perhaps not so clearly and definitely, the pantheism +which over-zealous for God forgot to leave a place for human +personality. + +In our time modern Christianity is concentrating its attention on the +problems of the relation of man to man, of the individual to the +community, and logically and consistently with its past speculations +opposes the extreme individualism that issues in anarchism and +atomism, and also opposes the other extreme of communism which +overshadows the individual overmuch in its zeal for the collective +standpoint, and the opposition in this instance is the more notable +because the early Christian Church for a short time really tried the +experiment of having "all things in common." While modern constructive +Christian Socialism rejects the opposing panaceas of a simple +character offered by the extreme individualist on the one hand and the +extreme collectivist on the other, it nevertheless sees in each of +these one-sided proposals and theories a certain measure of truth, and +it therefore faces the much more difficult and complex problem of +trying to combine and harmonize these partial truths in such a manner +as to secure a proper self-respecting individualism or personal +responsibility on the one hand, and an adequate collectivistic +co-operation on the other. + +With this double aim and purpose in mind there has arisen a beginning +at least of a positive and constructive program leading toward this +goal. Emerging from the mediaeval twilight where the fallacy was +widespread that made religion a thing apart, modern Christian thought +is suspicious of any religious creed or profession which remains a +merely intellectual assent or declaration of faith, and demands that a +true religion should also permeate and transmute the life and issue in +conduct touching and helping the lives and conduct of others. + +The key to the Christian social position is the "Golden Rule," not as +a mere sentiment of kindliness, though that is good as far as it goes, +but it must be made to go further and issue in a principle of action, +a principle in action controlling the practice, guiding and inspiring +the actual conduct of life, both in its individual and in its social +or collective aspect. + +At the outset, then, it respects and preserves the individual, not by +the negative and suicidal method of rejecting the claims of society, +but, on the contrary, insisting that the individual can develop his +moral personality only by accepting the duties of social service, +which when properly understood becomes not a burden but a privilege, +since in this way alone may real self-hood become realized. + +Zeal for the preservation of the other person inspired the earlier +attack on slavery; it now reappears in a crusade against industrial +bondage. Corporations now resist control on the plea that it is an +interference with personal liberty. The Christian view-point never +granted to the individual a selfish liberty of defying properly +constituted authority, much less such right to a corporation. It now +makes it perfectly plain that the individual has duties, and to this +view of the individual it would be ludicrous for the corporation to +appeal in its dislike to bow to social demands. + +In international relations the claim of Christianity to be under the +Prince of Peace makes modern Christian Socialism demand that other +nations should be treated not simply as good neighbors, but as actual +brothers, since all are children of the same Father. Hence it follows +that the brutality, waste and wickedness, the wholesale butchery and +murder known as war, must be condemned and opposed. Furthermore, all +militarism and jingoism, all journalistic or other stirring up of bad +feeling, leading to strife between different races, the atavistic +revival of ancient blood feuds or modern commercial intrigues to reap +profit out of the piling up of armaments oppressing the common people, +are all to be resisted. The specious claim that armies and navies are +merely policy restraining criminals is easily seen to be erroneous, +for if each army claims to be a policy restraining criminals, it must +follow that each army is by the other army put among the class of +criminals. And the fallacious claim that preparation for war is a +guarantee of peace, an insurance policy against war, is met by the +counterclaim that the best way in times of peace to insure the +continuance of peace is to extend the principles and practices that +teach the value of peace, that conduce to peace, that make people +desirous that peace may continue. The bellicose claim that our +neighbors cannot or will not attack us if we are powerful enough in +armaments to intimidate them, simply teaches other nations to pursue +the same policy of attempted intimidation, which can only breed ill +will and ultimately tend to provoke actual hostilities. + +When disputes and misunderstandings arise, Christian Socialism favors +arbitration as a peaceful way of settling differences, appealing to +right and justice and intelligence, not to brute force and blind +passion. Hence the development of the principles of international law +and justice, the establishing of international courts of appeal and +arbitration in matters of divided jurisdiction or conflict of +interests is explicitly approved. Within the State, the principles of +Christian Socialism demand that each person participate in governing, +making government to become simply collective self-control through +willing co-operation. In proper theories of government much progress +has been made towards at least the partial adoption of "the rule of +the people, by the people, for the people," though this maxim is +disregarded for earlier tyrannical or paternal theories of government +wherever women are debarred from taking their share in the duty of +directing and controlling the laws governing all and affecting all, +not only men but also women. The reason for still excluding children +is simply due to the fact of their immaturity. + +It is in the field of industry and commerce that the greatest +reconstruction will need to be made, for after having struggled so +long to secure the freedom of the individual when it becomes clearly +recognized that the only freedom that is even partially secured is the +negative one of being left alone and that positive freedom of +efficient action is lacking, there is bound to be a new direction to +the constant efforts of civilization to secure the good of its +component members. When aggregations, companies, corporations, trusts, +etc., become an "imperium in imperio," turning the powerful engine of +combination into the work of consolidating selfish aggrandizement and +rendering impossible the development of a normal and healthy life +among the great masses of the unorganized, the lesson taught by the +power of organization is likely to be learned by the masses, and this +will point to the attempt to secure the control for the co-operative +community of all those great fundamental factors that are sometimes +called natural monopolies, and the old regime that allowed these to be +used as toll houses on the highway of progress to levy tribute to +private monopoly and leading to the formation of a class of idle rich +on the one hand and of idle poor on the other, will require most +radical reconstruction in the interests of mankind. + +As Christian Socialism has no simple formula to solve all the manifold +and complex economic difficulties, it must go slowly, cautiously and +experimentally. As it sympathizes with both the individualist and the +collectivist in certain respects in each case, it may seem to favor +opposing policies, but perhaps it is a case of walking forward by +first moving up the left foot, then the right foot. + +Where competition is found by experience to be both feasibly and +advantageous, Christian Socialism will strive to secure real +competition and so will assist in removing any device tariff or tax +that favors one and penalizes the other. On the other hand, where +monopolistic control is unavoidable or economically advantageous, it +will strive to have such monopolistic enterprize strictly supervised +and controlled by government or where it is practicable owned and +operated by the community through its government, central or local. + +Christian Socialism stands unambiguously and clearly for the sanctity +and preservation of the family as a fundamental social unit more +significant than the disconnected individuals in whose interests much +legislation has been made bearing heavily on the family and favoring +unduly those who have selfishly preferred to stand alone. As the +perpetuation of the race is one of the most obvious and outstanding of +the purposes of the family, marriage will need to be safeguarded still +more with this in view, that is to the securing of fit and proper +persons as parents through the guardianship, complete supervision and +restraint of the unquestionably unfit. Nevertheless, Christian +Socialism could scarcely be expected to endorse some of the wild and +even shockingly cruel and barbarous proposals of the eugenic group. + +The child is the special ward and care of Christian Socialism, and +here all the earlier paternalism of primitive Christianity may still +find beneficent scope. The child should be protected, nurtured and +cared for, and trained in such a manner as to prepare for the most +efficient and noble service at maturity. In the child we see embodied +our hope for the future, hence as the most promising road to the +fulfillment of the dreams of all social reformers and idealists we +must eventually learn to concentrate our efforts on the child. How can +the child be trained so as to develop most fully his latent aptitudes +and abilities so as to be capable on the one hand of reaching his own +greatest realization and on the other hand contributing most to the +good of the race? Surely we should all aim to secure for each and +every child the fullest development of all his powers, physical, +mental, moral-religious, and the moral-religious most of all if we are +to secure that altruistic character, that unselfish disposition +without which all plans, schemes and programs must necessarily end in +failure. + + * * * * * + + +=Fleming, William Hansell.= (Lecturer, Author and Editor.) + +If by Socialism you mean that the individual in asserting and +demanding his rights should consider and grant equal rights to all +others in the community, then I am in favor of Socialism. + + * * * * * + + +=Whitaker, Robert.= (Clergyman and Editor.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because I see no other way out of the +world-wide social distress which afflicts all the industrial nations +today. Capitalism has outlived its historic function, and is today a +cause of intolerable oppression, immeasurable misery and irrepressible +conflict. The whole order of things by which society exists for the +exploitation of the many by the few, either through competition or +private monopoly, is fundamentally awry, and must be superseded by an +order which shall give us the largest measure of practicable +co-operation for ends of common service. There can be no real or +lasting peace between capital and labor until society recognizes the +common rights of all in natural resources, until we meet the marvelous +multiplication of human effort through mechanical invention with +social ownership and democratic control of the machine, and until the +whole industrial order is organized so as to eliminate the waste of +competition not in the interest of a few great industrial barons, but +in the interest of the whole body of laborers. This is the program of +Socialism in a large way, a system of social service as against a +system of private profit, of co-operation as against exploitation, +whose threefold objective is to make every man a partner with every +other man in the commonwealth of nature, in the common gain of the +world's inventive genius which is fundamentally social and not +individual in its origin, and in the organization of industrial life, +which ought to be democratic and not autocratic or oligarchic in its +end. + +I am for Socialism because Socialism is the economic expression of +both democracy and religion, and because as such it is as inevitable +as the movement of the suns. + + * * * * * + + +=Schindler, Solomon.= (Author.) + +If Socialism means the adjustment of social conditions of the past to +the industrial and commercial needs of the present or some future day; +if its objects are the utilization of natural forces, inventions and +discoveries, for the benefit, not of the few, but for the greatest +number--I am thoroughly in favor of Socialism. + +Or, if Socialism stands for an endeavor to improve all things human, +to attack all the hostile forces that threaten human well-being, such +as hunger, sickness, ignorance, etc.--I, again, am in favor of +Socialism or any "ism" that will try to make this world a happy abode +of human beings. + +But, if Socialism should stand for upheaval by force instead of +peaceable evolution; if it should appeal to class hatred nurtured by +envy; if it should endeavor to realize dreams of an impossible +economic equality by means of the ballot or nitro-glycerine--in that +case I am not in favor of Socialism. + +Show me your Socialism, and I will tell you whether I am in favor of +it or not. + + * * * * * + + +=Axon, Stockton.= (University Professor and Writer.) + +I think that all people who hold progressive opinions are desirous of +getting a more equitable distribution of the wealth which is produced +by the many, of getting such governmental adjustments as will destroy +favors and special privileges under the government, of getting a +government sensitive to the interests of all instead of a few. I +believe these things can be accomplished by the free processes of +democracy in the hands of a thoroughly aroused and informed people, +sufficiently informed to make their own choices, and sufficiently +determined to hold their leaders responsible to themselves, the +people. + +Every progressive platform has in it something that may be called +Socialistic, and I am not sure just how much progressivism is +necessary to make a Socialist. + +Politically, I am a Democrat, and I was never stronger than now in the +faith that Democracy can be free and powerful to serve the best +interests of the whole people. + + * * * * * + + +=Clare, Israel Smith.= (Historian, Author of "Library of Universal +History," 15 Vols. Address: Lancaster, Pa., R.F.D. 2.) + +I am a Socialist because Socialism is right; because it is industrial +democracy and economic freedom; because it is in accordance with the +principle of human brotherhood; because it is against dividing up, +against breaking up the home, against free lust (wrongfully called +"free love," as all love is free love, there being no forced love or +compulsory love), against killing good incentive or good personal +initiative; because it is against robbing the producer of four-fifths +of his product; because it is against poverty, misery, prostitution, +vice, crime, insanity, war, murder, suicide, pestilence, famine, +ignorance and all that is bad; because its ethics are identical with +the ethics of Jesus Christ; because it would make man's existence in +this life a heaven upon earth; because the Socialism we already have +works so well, as our post-office system, our public school system, +our free textbook system, our public water and fire departments, our +public roads, our public parks, our public playgrounds, our public +libraries, etc.; because it is the next step in accord with economic +revolution and is inevitable, is destined to come in spite of all +opposition, in spite of all obstacles thrown in its way to obstruct or +retard it, and in spite of all mistakes or shortcomings of Socialists +themselves; in short, because Socialism is a rising sun. + +I am opposed to Capitalism, because it is social and economic slavery; +because it is in accord with the doctrine of human greed and +selfishness; because it robs the workers and the industrious and +rewards the shirkers and the exploiters; because it is for dividing up +with a vengeance; because it breaks up the home by low wages, +unemployment and high cost of living, as shown by government +statistics, which tell us that there are a million divorces every ten +years in this country; because it promotes race suicide, as the +marriage rate and the birth rate are decreasing, and the death rate +increasing, in all so-called civilized countries; because it causes +panics and business depressions and makes ninety-eight out of every +hundred business men fail (according to Dunn's Agency figures); +because it discourages all good incentive and encourages all bad +incentive; because it promotes free lust, or so-called "free love;" +because it causes poverty and then punishes its victims for being +poor; because it breeds poverty, misery, crime, prostitution, +drunkenness, insanity, political corruption, pestilence, famine, war, +murder, suicide, ignorance and all that is bad; because it is in +accordance with the ethics of His Satanic Majesty; because it is a +setting sun, a dying system, as it is destroying itself, is +impregnated with the seeds of its own dissolution, is slowly +committing suicide and digging its own grave, giving up the ghost, +unwept, unhonored and unsung. + + * * * * * + + +=O'Neill, John M.= (Editor, The Miners' Magazine, Denver, Colo.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because I believe that Socialism in +operation means the emancipation of the human race. It is idle to talk +about political liberty while the vast majority of the people are +without industrial liberty. The man who owns a thousand jobs, owns a +thousand lives. Such a statement may sound harsh and brutal to the man +whose cradle has been rocked beneath the starry banner of young +Columbia, and he may say to me, "I am not a slave for I can quit the +owner of the job," but if he quits the owner of the job and he belongs +to the disinherited class, the wage earning class, then necessity +demands that he shall seek another owner of jobs, and he has merely +changed masters and he is still a slave. + +For men to be free, they must own their jobs, and to own the jobs the +people must own collectively, the natural resources of the earth, and +its machinery of production and distribution. + +I am in favor of Socialism because collective ownership of the earth +and its machines of production and distribution will open wide the +gates of equal opportunity to every man, woman and child who live upon +the face of the earth. Socialism means that the profit system shall be +destroyed and that upon its shattered ruins shall be built a real +republic, beneath whose sheltering dome, there can live no master and +no slave. + + * * * * * + + +=James, W.E.S., M.A., B.D.= (Clergyman, Ayr, Ont., Canada.) + +Socialism is the scientific analysis of the present state of society +and the theory of social development founded thereon. A Socialist is +one whose study of this scientific analysis has convinced him that +society is progressing towards a co-operative commonwealth. My study +extends over fifteen years, and I clearly see the gradual +concentration of capital--the gradual consolidation of labor interests +and the life and death struggle between them. As no question is ever +settled until it is settled right, this can have only one result--the +capturing of the wealth of the nations by the producers of wealth and +the utilizing of it, not for the few, but for the whole people. + +With the passing of the small privately owned shop through the coming +of the large manufactury, socially operated but privately owned, way +was prepared for the larger, nation-wide manufactury, socially +operated and socially owned. It must come. + +As right has behind it all the power of omnipotence and so must +prevail the present system, which makes the many toil in poverty while +the few live on the earnings in idleness and luxury, must make way for +a system which will provide a more equitable reward of labor. + +As competition is based on man's selfishness and so is un-Christian, +co-operation, based on man's brotherhood, the essence of Christianity, +must supersede it. + +The capitalistic system must consider profits first--business must +pay--and men second. The last hundred years has traced the gradual +rise of man and the next twenty-five will see him freeing himself from +this system of wage slavery and evolving another which will dethrone +the dollar and will enthrone the rights of man. + +When the ballot was given to the masses and free education to their +children, the inevitable result was the rise of these masses to assert +their freedom and their right to all the product of their +labor--possible only in a co-operative commonwealth. + +Every great religious awakening of the past has resulted from the +preaching of some great neglected truth especially needed in that age. +The next great religious awakening will come from preaching the one +sadly neglected truth of this age--economic justice and brotherhood. +It will be greater, more fundamental, more stupendous in its effects +than any reformation or revolution of the past. It is inevitable. + +This coming emancipation of man--dethronement of competition and +dollar rule--the new moral, social and religious awakening--these +give my life its greatest joy, its highest hope, and its greatest +inspiration to service. I am in favor of Socialism. + + * * * * * + + +=Peake, Elmore Elliott.= (Author.) + +The word "Socialism" (aside from its partisan use) has so many +connotations that one can hardly say he is either for it or against it +without being misconstrued. With Socialism's cardinal tenet, the +better distribution and the better production of wealth, I am heartily +in sympathy, as I suppose everybody is. People disagree as to the +means by which this may be obtained. Public ownership of +wealth-producing factors is evidently coming more and more into favor, +as is evidenced by the municipal ownership of electric, gas and water +plants. This principle is bound to be extended. + +But it seems to me that Socialism stands with Prohibition to this +extent: Long before either of them has made sufficient converts to put +their party in power, their principles will have been incorporated by +other parties which do not confine themselves to these specific +contentions. + + * * * * * + + +=Weber, Gustavus Adolphus.= (Economist.) + +The ideal of Socialism, as I understand it, is a condition of society +in which each individual will render his share of service in the +production and distribution of wealth, and in which each will receive +his proportionate share for consumption. I do not dispute the +desirability of such a condition. I take issue with the Socialists in +their contention that this condition can be brought about, or that a +material advance toward such a condition can be accomplished, by +legislation. + +Society must advance by gradual evolution, as it has done since its +beginning, and I believe that this ideal condition is still many +generations, perhaps centuries, distant. The only way to strive for +its realization is for each generation to do its part in promoting a +spirit of temperance, co-operation, fairness and intellectuality. +Society will then gradually realize the waste, unfairness and +barbarism of industrial competition, of inheritance and of unequal +distribution and consumption. While man is thus slowly becoming +civilized, he will naturally devise from time to time, such laws and +such forms of government as will fit each stage of his development. + + * * * * * + + +=Strobell, George H.= + +I work and vote for Socialism. Every age has its special problems, its +special tyranny to combat, its own liberty and independence to +preserve, to hand down to its descendants. The machine has destroyed +hand labor and association in labor is inevitable. The machine, too +large and complex to be owned by individuals, has made necessary +combinations of owners. Combinations of owners destroyed competition, +and, through resultant economy and increase of production and profit, +became rich and powerful corporations. These corporations control the +means of life of over nine-tenths of the people. The owners no longer +are the administrators of their property. They hire the necessary +business abilities to run the business machine, but they insistently +demand higher dividends and profits. These demands cause the virtual +slavery of the workers, and millions work today long hours at a speed +and productive capacity never before known in the world, and get so +little for it that they are hungry all the time, live in squalor and +dress poorly. More and better machinery being constantly invented, +turns loose on the labor market a host of unemployed to compete with +their fellow workers for work. We are not the freeman our fathers +were. + +Fortunes so vast as to stagger the imagination for a few; dire, +ever-increasing poverty for the masses is now and will be increasingly +the result of this development unless-- + +Unless we look at it in the sane way, as a development toward a new +order, where the people will, in their collective capacity, own and +operate and democratically manage all industry. That will be +Socialism. There is no other way of escape in sight. Socialism is not, +however, inevitably the outcome. There must be conscious action by the +people to turn this evolution away from its present tendency. To +continue as we are is to invite the destruction of our civilization. +Therefore I work and vote for Socialism. It is a step forward in the +progress of the race and a promise of the fulfillment of the prayer, +"Thy Kingdom come, on earth as it is in Heaven." + + * * * * * + + +=Kalley, Ella Hartwig.= (Lecturer.) + +I have long felt the need of a more humane form of government, a +system of justice regulating international commercial relations, +insuring peace and education for the older as well as the younger +persons. + +Our country should be a republic, industrially as well as politically, +and liberate the wage slave by the abolition of the capitalist. + +As a writer, I shall continue to defend the interests of the masses +instead of the classes, and as a Temperance Suffragette Socialist +lecturer, I shall endeavor to inspire my audiences above the misty +horizon of all other political parties to the star line of true +reform, which is "the hoe of promise" and basis of a nation's +greatness. + +I am not alone in the thought that a temperance plank added to the +Socialist Platform would cause the greatest majority to leave other +parties, as Socialism would be more attractive than ever, to the very +finest and best representatives of society everywhere, while justice +would flower and bloom and the Dove of Peace perch upon our banners. +It would be a lame platform for any political party to overlook the +crying need of reform on all lines and to enforce the boasted pure +food law, and at the same time to tolerate and uphold distilleries, +saloons and breweries, is to herald the weakness and sandy foundation +of the parties, old or new. As comrades and co-workers in behalf the +downtrodden, let loyal men and women unite and lead in the vanguard of +Christian political victory. + + * * * * * + + +=Levermore, Charles Herbert.= (Educator and Author.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because I believe in the common ownership +of land and water and of instruments of production and distribution, +and because I believe that the highest ideals of social and moral +perfection would lead us all to labor for the welfare of the community +rather than of any individual. + +But I am not convinced that any party now called Socialist, or any +group of avowedly Socialist leaders has as yet shown a safe and +practicable plan for the realization of those ideals. + + * * * * * + + +=Kinney, Abbot.= (Author, Venice, Cal.) + +We are all Socialists. Man is a social animal. It is consequently +impossible that any government of man should be anything but a +Socialism. + +The people have lost sight of the fact that all property in a State +belongs to the State. The exercise by every State of the right of +eminent domain is an illustration of this. Modern governments +customarily pay the private user or holder of property, when the +property is taken for public use. This is always the rule when +property is taken by corporations, or persons under a delegation to +them of the right of eminent domain. It is only properly so delegated +for public utilities in private hands. + +Public payment for property so taken is a matter of convention and +convenience. It is deemed fair that property taken from one member of +the society for the benefit of all, should be paid for by all. Or, if +such property is taken by a common carrier, for instance, that such +common carrier should pay for it. In case of public stress, however, +as in the blowing up of a row of houses to stop the course of a fire, +or in the seizure of food or quarters for the use of military in +national defense, or in the clearing away of houses or property for +defensive purposes, payment may or may not be made as the conditions +indicate. + +More than this, every human life in a society belongs to the State. +Thus the State may draft its citizens to fight fire, suppress +disorder, or take part in the military defense of the society or +State. The State also imprisons and even executes its members who +attack the general welfare. + + * * * * * + + +=Cazalet, Edward Alexander.= (President of the Anglo-Russian Literary +Society, Imperial Institute, London.) + +The ideals of Socialism might be realized by the precepts of +Christianity, "love your neighbor as yourself." Difficult social +questions which cannot be solved by the head are sometimes settled by +the heart, for it appeals to the conscience, diminishing selfishness +and making all classes friends. Christian Socialism, by encouraging +mutual concessions, might perhaps attain better results than agitation +and violence. + + * * * * * + + +=Allen, Fred Hovey.= (Clergyman and Author.) + +I believe in a Socialism which levels upward, which makes a man what +he was not, only a higher, nobler, richer being. I believe that next +to being God, the greatest thing is to be a man. The more Godlike he +becomes, the more man will reflect the true and only permanent +Socialism. + +I am in favor of such Socialism as will attach the chain of +brotherhood to the lowest, if that lowest is capable of rising into +true manhood, because truth, honesty, love and kindness mean the +Kingdom of Heaven begun on earth, and equal rights to all the children +of God. + + * * * * * + + +=Helms, E.J.= (Clergyman.) + +I am in favor of Socialism insofar as it is the practical application +of Christianity to our economic and industrial life. + + * * * * * + + +=Conger-Kaneko, Josephine.= (Editor, The Progressive Women.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because it seems to be the next step in +social evolution, carrying the human race toward a more perfect +civilization. + + * * * * * + + +=Hitchcock, Charles C.= (Merchant and Author.) + +We are fast coming to realize that co-operation in the use of our +economic resources is the only form of society worthy of civilized +people. + +A co-operative commonwealth demands that the able-bodied individual +shall not be allowed to consume more wealth as measured in labor +power, than he creates. Is not this so evidently reasonable that the +system should command the approval of every fair mind? It doubtless +would do so were we not born into and environed by the capitalist +order, thereby being naturally prejudiced against an innovation so +radically different as is Socialism. + +Perhaps no more comprehensive definition of Socialism can be given +than that by Walter Thomas Mills, which is: + +"First. The collective ownership of the means of producing the means +of life." + +"Second. The democratic management by the workers of the collectively +owned means of producing the means of life." + +"Third. Equal opportunities for all men and women to the use and +benefits of these collectively owned and democratically managed means +of producing the means of life." + +Under the present order of society the means of producing the means of +life are privately owned and controlled; the owners thereby forming a +privileged class and are enabled to dictate the terms on which the +means of life--land and the machinery of production--can be used. + +As a result of this private ownership labor receives but a portion of +the product, the larger part of wealth produced being either wasted in +the strife of competition or retained by the capitalist in the form of +interest, rent and profit. + +The wealth we command merely through the ownership of stocks and +bonds--so-called income producing capital--is wealth received which we +do nothing to produce; hence this wealth must, of necessity, be +produced by others who are deprived of a portion of their product. +This wealth thus appropriated is wealth derived from profit in the +employment of labor (surplus value). A thorough study of economics +shows clearly that interest, rent, and profit result in exploitation +of labor--the robbery of labor. It is this profit system which is +strangling our civilization. Poverty and the greater portion of crime +can be traced directly to this exploitive system. + +The aim of the Socialist movement is the dethronement of capital and +the capitalistic class by merging all humanity into one class, a +producing class. + +The exploited majority, the poverty stricken, the submerged, as now +under capitalism, will under a Socialistic Republic come into their +inheritance--equality of opportunity to the resources of wealth and +production--and be enabled to retain the wealth they produce. + +The capitalist class, in any fair view of the situation, while being +obliged to surrender the privileges now retained through the private +ownership of "the means of producing the means of life," will under a +Social Republic receive indirect benefit which we claim will out-weigh +any advantage they may now seem to possess. + +Human nature does not stand in the way of the realization of a +co-operative commonwealth. It is natural that mankind not only seek +but demand that to which they are in equity entitled. Under capitalism +the majority are exploited out of a good share of their product. As +the producer awakens to an understanding of the present situation, it +is this normal and justifiable self-interest--selfishness--which will +prove to be a strong, if not the leading, factor in bringing about +Socialism. + +The unseemly antagonism and strifes so manifest today under capitalism +are largely traceable directly to our conflicting economic interests +occasioned by the private ownership of the means of life. + +A study of social evolution leads clearly in the direction of +Socialism. But it is when we carefully consider the economic situation +that we become aware of the fallacy of the capitalist system and +realize that the wealth producing majority will in time inevitably +demand, as a matter of justice, the co-operative commonwealth; that +is, will insist that the wealth producer receive the wealth he +produces--that the capitalist, who as capitalist receives usury +thereby commanding, without labor, wealth produced by others, must +cease to be a parasite on labor. + +This changed order, this revolution, can be brought about only through +socialization of the means of production and of distribution. + +Not very long ago the advocate of Socialism was the voice "crying in +the wilderness." Today he bears "good tidings of great joy" to a +rapidly assembling multitude. + + * * * * * + + +=Noll, Aaron.= (Clergyman.) + +I have been a member of the Socialist Party since the year 1900. I +have, also, for twenty-five years, been a Christian minister, serving +pastorates, in regular connection with an orthodox denomination--the +Reformed Church in the United States. I am increasingly persuaded of +the righteousness of the Socialist Movement. To me it seems that +Socialism will make possible, in a practical way, the social ideals of +the founder of the Christian Religion. The Church, at any period of +its history, may, or it may not, truthfully, stand for the practical +application of those ideals. But the Socialist Movement, at all times, +the world over, stands for social and industrial justice. Jesus +implanted in the consciousness of man the worth of the individual +life. Socialism will make possible the true development of the +individual unto a complete life. Socialism will throw around every +individual a wall of protection against the rapacity of the strong, +greedy, selfish individual, and it will put into the hands of every +one the means of life whereby he may rise to the full stature of his +being, there being none to hinder or oppress him. The concern of each +will be the concern of all. But it will be a concern founded on +justice, love and peace. Socialism, being scientifically correct, +holds out to all men a vision of future good that inspires a hope that +makes life seem worth while. + + * * * * * + + +=Russell, Charles Edward.= (Journalist and Author.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because Socialism would put an end to the +monstrous system of injustice by which men toil to create wealth and +then are deprived of the wealth that they create. All wealth is +created by labor and should belong to the men and women whose labor +creates it. + +Socialism would abolish poverty, put an end to child labor, make +education the universal possession, abolish prostitution and make the +earth fit for the inhabitation of its children. It would obliterate +the slum, the breeder of nine-tenths of the evils that now afflict +society. It would mean industrial as well as political democracy. I +believe in democracy. Therefore, I believe in Socialism, which is +perfected and applied democracy. + + * * * * * + + +=James, George Wharton.= (Explorer, Ethnologist and Author.) + +As I now stand I can scarcely be said either to favor or oppose +Socialism. The term must first be clearly defined. I believe in +fellowship, in municipal ownership of all public or semi-public +utilities; the establishment of free municipal markets for vegetables, +etc.; the purchase by the city authorities of fruit, vegetables, eggs, +meat, coal, etc., when dealers seek to force up the prices, and their +disposal at cost to users. I would take back from all corporations, or +else compel them to pay to the people an annual rent for the same, all +water rights, power rights, etc., that they have filed upon and held +by the right of might; I would make all great coal mining, oil mining +and other reapers of crops for which they did not sow, pay a certain +percentage of their returns into the public treasury; I would compel +the abolition of all slums, even to the extent of compelling the +municipalities to provide decent shelter for the poor at reasonable +rates; I would parole all well-behaved prisoners (as a rule) at the +end of a year and give them a chance to make good; I in every way +would seek to educate the people as a whole to the rights, +responsibilities and privileges of government, and then give them, +what is theirs inherently, a full power to determine how and by whom +they shall be governed. + +These, hastily and crudely expressed, are some of my ideas on this +important question. + + * * * * * + + +=Koeb, Otto, B.S.= (Stanford University, Cal.) + +I believe in universal world-peace between all nations. Since the +Socialists are the only political party honestly indorsing +world-peace, I sympathize with them. + +I am in favor of an universal eight-hour working day, six days per +week; abolition of child labor; creation of old age pensions for +disabled working men. A certain minimum wage rate, which makes it +possible for every normally developed laborer to support a family. Up +to the above mentioned points I am in favor of Socialism. + + * * * * * + + +=Cooke, George Willis.= (Author and Lecturer.) + +I am in favor of Socialism because I believe in equal opportunities +for all children born into the world, and that each should be able to +use all his natural gifts according to his ability. + +I believe in Socialism because I detest all forms of monopoly and +exclusiveness, not being able to see why the minority should possess +property and the majority should be deprived of its advantages. If it +is good for any, it is good for all. + +I am a Socialist because it is quite apparent that the great +fundamental sources of the necessities of life, on which all alike are +dependent, are social and public in their nature, and should be open +to all. They should belong to the nation, accessible on the same terms +to all who need them, without giving monopolistic advantage to any. + +I am a Socialist because I cannot understand why one man should be +subject to another as slave, serf or wage-earner. No man is good +enough, said Lincoln, to have the control of another man's life. + +I am a Socialist because I believe in the equality of men and women, +that the domination of women by men has been vastly injurious to the +race, and that the ballot will give women a better opportunity to live +a noble and healthy life as woman, wife and mother. + +I am a Socialist because I believe in freedom, individuality and +initiative for every man and woman, and that these can be secured for +all men and women, according to the measure of their individual +capacity, only by that co-operative method offered by Socialism. + + + + +HERE AND THERE. + + +Here is a mother kneeling by a cradle, who vainly endeavors with +smacks and kindly words to appease her hungry babies. + +There is a father, dusty and fatigued, vainly begging for work. + +Here is a magnificent edifice which is called a museum. It shelters +dead mummies and statues of marble. + +There on a park bench sits a homeless living human being, who, +shivering with cold, stares at the pale moon and wonders why his tears +are subject to gravitation. + + EDWARD SILVIN. + + + * * * * * + + =-----------------------------------------------------------= + | Typographical errors corrected in text: | + | | + | Page 21: "more significant that" replaced with | + | "more significant than" | + | | + =-----------------------------------------------------------= + + * * * * * + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Why I am in favor of socialism, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHY I AM IN FAVOR OF SOCIALISM *** + +***** This file should be named 37141.txt or 37141.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/1/4/37141/ + +Produced by Adrian Mastronardi and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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