diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37000-8.txt | 781 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37000-8.zip | bin | 0 -> 15951 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37000-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 17596 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37000-h/37000-h.htm | 897 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37000.txt | 781 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 37000.zip | bin | 0 -> 15929 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 |
9 files changed, 2475 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/37000-8.txt b/37000-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f1420a --- /dev/null +++ b/37000-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,781 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's +Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Proper Limits of the Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned + With some few Reflections Extorted by, and on, the + Distracted State of the Times + +Author: John Dalrymple + +Release Date: August 7, 2011 [EBook #37000] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS *** + + + + +Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed +Proofreading volunteers at http://www.pgdp.net for Project +Gutenberg. (This file was produced from images generously +made available by The Internet Archive.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this +text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings +and other inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an +obvious error is noted at the end of this ebook.] + + + + + THE PROPER + + LIMITS + + OF THE + + GOVERNMENT'S Interference with the Affairs + of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY, + + ATTEMPTED TO BE ASSIGNED. + + WITH SOME FEW + + REFLECTIONS + + Extorted by, and on, the distracted State of the Times. + + By JOHN, EARL of STAIR. + + + ----And beshrew my soul, + But I do love the favour and the form + Of this most fair occasion; by the which + We will untread the steps of damned flight, + And, like a 'bated and retiring flood, + Leaving our rankness and irregular course, + Stoop low within these bounds we have o'erlook'd, + And calmly run on in obedience. + + + LONDON: + + PRINTED FOR J. STOCKDALE, + OPPOSITE BURLINGTON-HOUSE, PICCADILLY. + MDCC LXXXIV. + + Entered at Stationers' Hall. + + + + +THE PROPER + +LIMITS + +OF THE + +GOVERNMENT'S Interference with the Affairs of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY, +&c. + + +Each day's experience proves the fallibility of conjecture, even when +established on apparently the surest foundations. + +Having stated, indeed materially and substantially proved, that the +annual peace expenditure of the state, if decently, not profusely, nor +even amply provided for, could not be performed for less than sixteen +millions five hundred thousand pounds; and having asserted, with truth, +that the annual receipts have scarcely, on the most productive years of +the public revenue, exceeded twelve millions; and the necessary +corollary, arising out of these propositions, being an annual surplus or +sinking fund to the amount (if at all proportional) of at least fifteen +hundred thousand pounds, as a provision for great civil emergencies or +future wars, without which no system of finance can be either +respectable or assuredly permanent; and it following of necessary +consequence from these premises, that the proper peace revenue, from +something more than twelve millions, which is its present amount, ought +to be raised to eighteen millions yearly:--these matters, I say, being +as I have represented them, I firmly believed the public affairs of this +country were tolerably embarrassed, and weakly imagined Ministers might +find full employment in extricating them, without courting, and eagerly, +through right and through wrong, aspiring and grasping at the management +of affairs fully in as great a state of confusion as our own. But I find +I greatly under-rated the cravings of the appetite of our late rulers, +who seem to have had stomach for all difficulties, however remote from +the natural and needful course of their public functions, and however +averse the parties interested were to trust their concerns to their +direction. In consequence of this canine hunger and thirst after +regulation, a bill was brought in and passed by a very great majority of +the House of Commons, to virtually consolidate the embarrassed concerns +of the East-India Company, in direct opposition to the desires of the +proprietors, with the no less embarrassed affairs of this unhappy +country. This bill has been thrown out by a wise and virtuous majority +in the House of Peers; but as the majority there was but small, and +threats are thrown out (in order to make it still smaller) against +Peers, for exercising their indispensable distinctive prerogative duty +of giving honest counsel to their King; and as the same majority, +leagued to promote their own advancement and the ruin of the state, +still exists and exults in the House of Commons; I doubt not but the +same strange destructive measure will be resumed. It therefore becomes +the business of every well-wisher to the prosperity of Britain, to +oppose and to refute the specious nothings offered to blind and to +conceal from the public the designs of a dark and fatal tendency +attached to it; and I think it my duty, moreover, and a justice due to +the creditors of the public in particular, at least, to such as shall +adhere to me, to protest and enter my dissent in their name against any +increase of the public debt, by the addition and incorporation of the +debts of the East-India Company with those of the public, in any manner, +whether openly, or by implication and management. + +I now proceed to consider the reasons offered in vindication of the bill +by which so daring a violation of every thing the laws hold most sacred +was attempted. + +The first plea that was insisted on, was, that the Company was bankrupt; +but this argument defeats itself. If they are bankrupt, the law has +provided a due course of proceeding: Ministers, or the Deputies of +Ministers, are not the proper assignees to the bankrupt's estate: the +trade is, moreover, by the civil death of the Company, open to every +adventurer. But this pretext of bankruptcy is but a flimsy disguise +easily seen through: Ministers are not so eager to obtain the +administration of the affairs of a bankrupt: the virtuous majority in +the House of Commons, increased without any visible cause, or known +success, or advantage of any kind, real or pretended, obtained to the +public from the cares of the late administration;--increased, I say, +from a small doubtful few in the disapprobation of the peace, to a +steady, triumphant majority of one hundred and fourteen in the business +of the East-India Company; gives no note or appearance of a present +bankruptcy in the Company's affairs; but to those that do not know the +incorruptible integrity and disinterestedness of the British legislative +bodies, gives an ugly hint and surmise of what is likely to happen in +future. Of bankruptcy I need say no more; it confutes itself. + +The next plea is humanity, and a wish to restore in India a better and a +juster system of government, less rapacious, and less oppressive to the +natives. This is certainly a fair and generous object; but how do the +means correspond with the end, or, what solid proof have we that +excesses do exist, or, at least, have been carried to the singular and +unnatural extent each parliamentary declaimer is pleased to assign to +them? Having forced the Company to bear a share in all the foolish wars +Britain involved herself in, money must be found. The smooth swindling +methods of funding, without giving the creditors adequate securities +for either principal or interest, are not practicable in Cina. +Self-preservation enforced the necessity of violence, more obnoxious in +the beginning, but, perhaps, in the end, less ruinous than the soft, sly +deceits of Europe. Those violent measures, palliated by the necessity of +self-preservation, excepted, what remains but an _ex parte_ charge, in +Reports to the House of Commons, curious and voluminous indeed, but +without confrontation of the accused, or any other necessary preliminary +to condemnation, sought by private equity, or required by public +justice? We have only an inform mass of matter, where disappointment, +vanity, and malevolence, are too often prompted by management and design +to accuse, and every accusation is held forth as compleat evidence of +guilt. Indeed, some accounts scattered through the vast abyss of eastern +manners and customs, make by much the most useful and entertaining part +of this exceedingly tedious farrago; though in this part it falls far +short in beauty of style and composition, and probably does not much +exceed in veracity, the Arabian Night's Entertainments.--But grant that +wrongs and injustice predominate, who are to restore the golden age in +India? We know the late Ministry, their habitudes, and connections; from +Brooks's, then, it is fair to suppose the daring Argonauts were to have +sailed in search of the Golden Fleece: from Almack's our bold Pizarros +must have taken their course to civilize our new-acquired ministerial +Peru. Determined minds used to set fame and fortune on the dies +uncertain cast: soft souls, overflowing with Christian forbearance, and +the milk of human kindness suckt in at the gaming-table, from such +apostles, alas! I rather should suspect, + + With Atè by their side, come hot from hell, + Shall in these confines, with a monarch's voice, + Cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war. + +Yet I readily agree that it may be proper to send out a well-chosen +commission of visitation and inspection, with adequate and efficient +powers from Parliament; though I am greatly deceived, if they do not +find that matters are much exaggerated. The Reports to the House of +Commons from Committees are generally very false mediums to view the +object they treat of through: they are moved for common by persons +interested in the event, sedulously attended by them, and the materials +are too often modelled and made up according to their views, and to +serve their purposes. I have therefore ever greatly regretted the +abolition of the board of trade, the fair, candid judges in these +matters, or who might be made so. The argument from the abuse to the +use, is not a fair consequence; and I sincerely and earnestly recommend +the re-establishment of that board. From the revenues of the Duchy Court +of Lancaster now vacant, and a small gleaning from the enormous +overgrown sine-cures in the Exchequer, this may be done without expence, +and with great emolument to the Crown and to the public. + +It is, besides, the height of absurdity, to think the Indians are +unhappy because they do not live under the same constitution as the +inhabitants of this island. The government in that country, for a very +long period of time, has been so unsettled, that no form of it that has +any stability, or affords any degree of protection to the subjects that +live under it, can be pronounced to be a bad one: in every other case, +the weaker are almost sure to be exterminated by those that are +stronger. + +I should esteem it, in such uncertainty of doing any good of any kind, +extremely improper for the public to make a common cause with the +East-India Company, further than I have already stated, and likewise by +assisting them with some necessary pecuniary aid in their present +distress. The consequences of the public taking upon themselves the +direction of the Company's trade, or even of their territorial +acquisitions, I apprehend would be most ruinous. No nation has ever +attempted any thing of this kind without being greatly losers by it, +even where government was carried on principles infinitely more +favourable to such an enterprise than the free constitution of this +country admits of. + +France has often been compelled, in order to preserve the trade to India +and their Companies from sinking, to interfere, and I believe is still +concerned in the national trade to India; but this is on mere compulsion +and necessity, and is, and has ever been, a very losing business to the +Crown of France. If this is so, then how much worse must it be here, +where the advantages taken of the public in every public business are +enormous: and indeed the uncertainty of the time of payment, and the +difficulty of passing the account, do warrant a demand of a great +latitude at any time; but at present, when the ordnance debentures are +at 30 per cent. discount, and the navy bills, which carry an interest +of 4 per cent. are at 17 per cent. discount, it is almost impossible to +say on what terms a contract with Government would be advantageous. In +more settled times, I believe, 25 per cent. on estimate, and near 50 per +cent. on arbitrary statements, did not vary much from the difference, to +the disadvantage of the public, betwixt public and private contracts for +the same performances. + +In this view, and it is a just one, nothing but absolute necessity, and +the sure consequence of losing the trade altogether, could justify the +interference of Government beyond the limits already assigned, if even +these could justify it. But this necessity is happily entirely out of +the question at present: the Company anxiously desire to go on with +their trade: a forbearance of duties due, is all they ask, to the +extent of, I think, a million. If it was three times as much, Government +would be mad, if they hesitated in the alternative betwixt indulging +them in their demand, and taking their concerns into their own hands. +The affairs of the Company have been embarrassed before; they have +borrowed large sums from Government, which they have honestly repaid. +Their surplus in peaceable times is very large; and if tranquility is +any way durable in India, and the administration of the Company's +affairs is continued in the hands of that powerful genius of resource, +Mr. Hastings, I make no doubt they will extricate themselves with +honour, and do justice to every creditor they have. I am at least sure, +that this is giving the only chance of making them beneficial to this +country; and it is what the Company is highly entitled to. + +I have often wondered upon what principle of policy one of our two great +commercial companies should be the _enfant galé_, the spoilt child of +every administration whilst the other was treated like the step-son of +the state, with every mark of jealousy and unkindness. The merits of the +East-India Company towards the nation are great and notorious. Whilst +every other country has been taxing their subjects, in order to support +their East-India trade, the English East-India Company has been the +support, to a good extent directly, and in a very great and eminent +degree indirectly, of the British finances; and in the late war the +Company maintained alone, in their dominions and enterprises, the +superiority which usually attended the British arms in every quarter of +the globe; and at last, in the acquisitions made by the Company's arms, +the material indispensable sacrifices to procure a necessary peace were +found. Indeed, their expences in the reduction of Pondicherry, and the +value of it, and of the other restitutions made to the French by the +definitive treaty of peace, seem to me a very onerous and most just debt +on Britain, and why they are not stated as such by the Company, I cannot +see any shadow of a reason. + +It was under the direction of their own proprietary, uncontrouled by +parliament, that the Company rose to an unexampled height of wealth and +prosperity: since the interference of parliament, their affairs have +declined. Possibly now the patronage is so valuable and extensive, their +constitution may be defective, by the too immediate dependence of the +directors on the proprietors, who, by their brigues and cabals, overawe, +and often make abortive the best intentions of the directors. But +matters of charter and property are of so difficult and delicate a +nature, that it is hard to say, whether any attempt to remedy this might +not do more harm than good. + +It is related, that Monsieur Colbert, Lewis the Fourteenth's very able +minister of commerce and finance, and to whose memory France stands much +indebted, called an assembly of the most eminent men in the French +king's dominions in the commercial line, to whom he proposed the +consideration, if any, and what advantages might accrue to commerce by +the interference of Government. The unanimous answer of the assembly +was, _Laisser le faire_, let it alone. + +A new doctrine has been likewise attempted to be established in favour +of the late India Bill, viz. That measures are not to be so fully and +fairly canvassed as they ought, but are to rely and be supported by the +responsibility of the proposer of them. The presumption and absurdity of +such a proposition is too great to require an answer. The responsibility +of the proposer often would not procure him ten pounds; and as to any +thing sanguinary, God knows! the hazard is very, very trifling. Indeed, +the persons who avowedly, first by denial of justice to America, plunged +us into a war, and afterwards, by obstinately persevering in it, when +experience had evinced the success was impracticable, and who by so +doing have irretrievably (I fear) undone their country, enjoy in pomp +and serenity, even to ostentation, the honours and lucrative employments +heaped upon them. If justice is demanded for glory, for wealth, for +dominion lost, they pay you with an ideal jest: if you want more, a +ready vote of acquittal is at hand from a packt majority, united on the +most sordid principles, to promote each other's advantage, in open and +abandoned violation, on one part of the coalition, of the faith a +thousand times pledged to bring delinquents to justice, who now are not +only protected, but represented, with a falsehood and inconsistency that +degrades human nature, as great, wise, and virtuous ministers, by those +very men who not very many months stigmatized them as the base undoers +of their country. + +His Majesty has, however, been pleased to nominate a new ministry: they +are young and untried: I wish them well; and my poor support shall be +theirs, if they deserve it. I hope their real essential bond of union is +at least less dangerous than that of their predecessors, viz. through +violation of charters to obtain the plunder of India for themselves and +adherents. + +I should have thought a dissolution of Parliament necessary to have +preceded, in order to procure any stability in the settlement of a new +ministry. The reason offered against this measure was quite trifling, +viz. the delay of public business; for the Parliament would have been +dissolved, and a new one elected, in little more than the period of +usual recess at this time of the year; which recess was not intended to +have been shortened, if the late overthrow of the ministry had not taken +place. Should the indecent interruption of every thing that does not +promote their own continuance, still prevail in a majority of the House +of Commons, the delay of public business will be well compensated by the +facilities a new election will probably afford, and by the rapid +progress of measures beneficial and necessary to the public that will +take place hereafter, which, under the present jarring situation and +equipoise of parties, cannot, in my poor opinion, ever be carried on +with either certainty or dispatch. + +But I still dread the continuance of the present distractions. The +politics of St. James's have had ill luck for common, and, by some fatal +ascendancy, have generally backwards trod the very paths they most +anxiously sought to shun. The faction has emissaries spread far and wide +to pluck allegiance from men's hearts. It will demand, on the part of +the King, an active, unremitting attention to replace himself in that +state of pre-eminence and influence the constitution allows, and even +requires. Let this never be out of mind. When his Majesty hunts the +stag, let him reflect that he is himself the hunted stag, the royal +hart held at bay by a fierce, unrelenting faction, who deny, or mean to +explain away, his dearest, clearest prerogatives. A prince so virtuous, +who never was even suspected to mean any foul play to the state, ought +to command in every honest service, and he will command no other, those +servants whom he is now obliged to sue to, and often is refused. The +onward path, ingenuous openness of fair sincerity and prudent oeconomy +in private life, lead to peace of mind, and to heaven's best gift, +independence; they martial kings to greatness, to awe, and affectionate +veneration. I know the delicate ground I tread; but I owe much to my +sovereign, and, above all, TRUTH; and I will pay the debt, tho' the most +ungrateful office, yet the surest pledge of real love and respect that I +can give. What have I to fear? I have lived too long; I never wished to +survive the glory of my country; and I cannot form a wish so mean as to +survive its liberties. Whig as I am, if liberty must expire, I hold its +Cuthanaria to be in a mild despotism. But in all the bills of mortality, +of human grandeur, never sure was so strange a catastrophe recorded, as +a king taken prisoner, and a great and glorious constitution squirted to +death, by the sportings of a set of prodigal, undone, gambling, +friblish, impudent Eton boys. + + _Jan. 1. 1784._ + + +FINIS. + + * * * * * + +[Transcriber's Notes: + +The transcriber made these changes to the text to correct obvious +errors: + + 1. p. 3 Stationers Hall --> Stationers' Hall + 2. p. 9 brankrupt --> bankrupt + 3. p. 12 securites --> securities + 4. p. 19 tranquiility --> tranquility + +End of Transcriber's Notes] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's +Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS *** + +***** This file should be named 37000-8.txt or 37000-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/0/0/37000/ + +Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed +Proofreading volunteers at http://www.pgdp.net for Project +Gutenberg. (This file was produced from images generously +made available by The Internet Archive.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/37000-8.zip b/37000-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bbb96b --- /dev/null +++ b/37000-8.zip diff --git a/37000-h.zip b/37000-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..73c1045 --- /dev/null +++ b/37000-h.zip diff --git a/37000-h/37000-h.htm b/37000-h/37000-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20896bc --- /dev/null +++ b/37000-h/37000-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,897 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Proper Limits of the Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, by John Dalrymple. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0em; + text-align: justify;} + /* Text Blocks ------------------------------------------ */ + blockquote {text-align: justify; font-size: 0.9em; + margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%;} + pre {font-size: 0.9em;} + pre.note {font-size: 1.0em;} + .note {margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + /* Transcriber's notes */ + div.trans-note { + margin: 10%; + padding: 1.0em; + font-size: 0.9em; + background-color: #E6F0F0; + color: inherit; + } + div.small {font-size: 80%} + div.center {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 35em;} + /* Headers ---------------------------------------------- */ + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center; clear: both; font-weight: normal;} + h1 {letter-spacing: 0.2em; line-height: 2em;} + h2 {letter-spacing: 0.1em; line-height: 1.5em;} + /* Horizontal Rules ------------------------------------- */ + hr {width: 65%; + margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; + margin-top: 2.0em; margin-bottom: 2.0em; + clear: both;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + hr.tb {width: 45%;} + hr.full {width: 95%;} + /* General Formatting ---------------------------------- */ + .sc {font-variant: small-caps;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + .allsc {font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;} + .spacious {letter-spacing: 0.5em;} + .ws {word-spacing: 2em;} + .small {font-size: 80%;} + .big {font-size: 120%;} + span.pagenum {position: absolute; + right: 1%; + color: gray; background-color: inherit; + letter-spacing:normal; + text-indent: 0em; text-align:right; + font-style: normal; + font-variant:normal; + font-weight: normal; + font-size: 8pt;} + p.heading {text-align: center; font-weight: bold;} + p.center {text-align: center;} + /* Poems ------------------------------------------------ */ + .poem {margin-left:20%; margin-right:10%; + margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; + margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + /* Links ------------------------------------------------ */ + a:link {color: blue; background-color: inherit; text-decoration: none} + link {color: blue; background-color: inherit; text-decoration: none} + a:visited {color: blue; background-color: inherit; text-decoration: none} + a:hover {color: red; background-color: inherit} + </style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's +Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Proper Limits of the Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned + With some few Reflections Extorted by, and on, the + Distracted State of the Times + +Author: John Dalrymple + +Release Date: August 7, 2011 [EBook #37000] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS *** + + + + +Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed +Proofreading volunteers at http://www.pgdp.net for Project +Gutenberg. (This file was produced from images generously +made available by The Internet Archive.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + +<div class="trans-note"> +<p class="heading"> +Transcriber's Note:</p> +<p>Every effort has been made to replicate this text +as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings +and other inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an +obvious error is noted at the end of this ebook.</p> +</div> + + +<h1> +<span class="allsc">THE PROPER</span><br /> +<span class="spacious big">LIMITS</span><br /> +<span class="allsc">OF THE</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Government's</span> Interference with the Affairs of the +<span class="smcap">East-India Company</span>,<br /> +<span class="small allsc">ATTEMPTED TO BE ASSIGNED.</span></h1> + +<blockquote> +<p class="center"> +<span class="spacious small ws">WITH SOME FEW</span><br /><br /> +<span class="spacious big">REFLECTIONS</span><br /><br /> +Extorted by, and on, the distracted State of the Times.</p> +<p class="center"><br />By JOHN, EARL of STAIR.</p> +</blockquote> + +<p><br /></p> + +<div class="center"> +<blockquote> +<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">——And beshrew my soul,</span><br /> +But I do love the favour and the form<br /> +Of this most fair occasion; by the which<br /> +We will untread the steps of damned flight,<br /> +And, like a 'bated and retiring flood,<br /> +Leaving our rankness and irregular course,<br /> +Stoop low within these bounds we have o'erlook'd,<br /> +And calmly run on in obedience.</p> +</blockquote> +</div> + +<p><br /></p> + +<p class="center"> +<span class="spacious">LONDON:</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="spacious">PRINTED FOR J. STOCKDALE,</span><br /> +<span class="sc small">opposite Burlington-House, Piccadilly</span>.<br /> +<span class="small">MDCC LXXXIV.</span><br /> +<br /> +Entered at Stationers' Hall.</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> +<h2><span class="small">THE PROPER</span><br /> +<span class="spacious">LIMITS</span><br /> +<span class="small">OF THE</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Government's</span> Interference with the Affairs<br /> +of the <span class="smcap">East-India Company</span>, &c.</h2> + + +<p>Each day's experience proves the fallibility of conjecture, even when +established on apparently the surest foundations.</p> + +<p>Having stated, indeed materially and substantially proved, that the +annual peace<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> expenditure of the state, if decently, not profusely, nor +even amply provided for, could not be performed for less than sixteen +millions five hundred thousand pounds; and having asserted, with truth, +that the annual receipts have scarcely, on the most productive years of +the public revenue, exceeded twelve millions; and the necessary +corollary, arising out of these propositions, being an annual surplus or +sinking fund to the amount (if at all proportional) of at least fifteen +hundred thousand pounds, as a provision for great civil emergencies or +future wars, without which no system of finance can be either +respectable or assuredly permanent; and it following of necessary +consequence from these premises, that the proper peace revenue, from +something more than twelve millions, which is its present amount, ought +to be raised<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> to eighteen millions yearly:—these matters, I say, being +as I have represented them, I firmly believed the public affairs of this +country were tolerably embarrassed, and weakly imagined Ministers might +find full employment in extricating them, without courting, and eagerly, +through right and through wrong, aspiring and grasping at the management +of affairs fully in as great a state of confusion as our own. But I find +I greatly under-rated the cravings of the appetite of our late rulers, +who seem to have had stomach for all difficulties, however remote from +the natural and needful course of their public functions, and however +averse the parties interested were to trust their concerns to their +direction. In consequence of this canine hunger and thirst after +regulation, a bill was brought in and passed by a very great majority of +the House<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> of Commons, to virtually consolidate the embarrassed concerns +of the East-India Company, in direct opposition to the desires of the +proprietors, with the no less embarrassed affairs of this unhappy +country. This bill has been thrown out by a wise and virtuous majority +in the House of Peers; but as the majority there was but small, and +threats are thrown out (in order to make it still smaller) against +Peers, for exercising their indispensable distinctive prerogative duty +of giving honest counsel to their King; and as the same majority, +leagued to promote their own advancement and the ruin of the state, +still exists and exults in the House of Commons; I doubt not but the +same strange destructive measure will be resumed. It therefore becomes +the business of every well-wisher to the prosperity of Britain, to +oppose and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> to refute the specious nothings offered to blind and to +conceal from the public the designs of a dark and fatal tendency +attached to it; and I think it my duty, moreover, and a justice due to +the creditors of the public in particular, at least, to such as shall +adhere to me, to protest and enter my dissent in their name against any +increase of the public debt, by the addition and incorporation of the +debts of the East-India Company with those of the public, in any manner, +whether openly, or by implication and management.</p> + +<p>I now proceed to consider the reasons offered in vindication of the bill +by which so daring a violation of every thing the laws hold most sacred +was attempted.</p> + +<p>The first plea that was insisted on, was, that the Company was bankrupt; +but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> this argument defeats itself. If they are bankrupt, the law has +provided a due course of proceeding: Ministers, or the Deputies of +Ministers, are not the proper assignees to the bankrupt's estate: the +trade is, moreover, by the civil death of the Company, open to every +adventurer. But this pretext of bankruptcy is but a flimsy disguise +easily seen through: Ministers are not so eager to obtain the +administration of the affairs of a bankrupt: the virtuous majority in +the House of Commons, increased without any visible cause, or known +success, or advantage of any kind, real or pretended, obtained to the +public from the cares of the late administration;—increased, I say, +from a small doubtful few in the disapprobation of the peace, to a +steady, triumphant majority of one hundred and fourteen in the business +of the East-India Company; gives no note or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> appearance of a present +bankruptcy in the Company's affairs; but to those that do not know the +incorruptible integrity and disinterestedness of the British legislative +bodies, gives an ugly hint and surmise of what is likely to happen in +future. Of bankruptcy I need say no more; it confutes itself.</p> + +<p>The next plea is humanity, and a wish to restore in India a better and a +juster system of government, less rapacious, and less oppressive to the +natives. This is certainly a fair and generous object; but how do the +means correspond with the end, or, what solid proof have we that +excesses do exist, or, at least, have been carried to the singular and +unnatural extent each parliamentary declaimer is pleased to assign to +them? Having forced the Company to bear a share in all the foolish wars +Britain involved herself<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> in, money must be found. The smooth swindling +methods of funding, without giving the creditors adequate securities for +either principal or interest, are not practicable in Cina. +Self-preservation enforced the necessity of violence, more obnoxious in +the beginning, but, perhaps, in the end, less ruinous than the soft, sly +deceits of Europe. Those violent measures, palliated by the necessity of +self-preservation, excepted, what remains but an <i>ex parte</i> charge, in +Reports to the House of Commons, curious and voluminous indeed, but +without confrontation of the accused, or any other necessary preliminary +to condemnation, sought by private equity, or required by public +justice? We have only an inform mass of matter, where disappointment, +vanity, and malevolence, are too often prompted by management and design +to accuse, and every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> accusation is held forth as compleat evidence of +guilt. Indeed, some accounts scattered through the vast abyss of eastern +manners and customs, make by much the most useful and entertaining part +of this exceedingly tedious farrago; though in this part it falls far +short in beauty of style and composition, and probably does not much +exceed in veracity, the Arabian Night's Entertainments.—But grant that +wrongs and injustice predominate, who are to restore the golden age in +India? We know the late Ministry, their habitudes, and connections; from +Brooks's, then, it is fair to suppose the daring Argonauts were to have +sailed in search of the Golden Fleece: from Almack's our bold Pizarros +must have taken their course to civilize our new-acquired ministerial +Peru. Determined minds used to set fame and fortune on the dies +uncertain cast: soft<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> souls, overflowing with Christian forbearance, and +the milk of human kindness suckt in at the gaming-table, from such +apostles, alas! I rather should suspect,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">With Atè by their side, come hot from hell,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Shall in these confines, with a monarch's voice,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Yet I readily agree that it may be proper to send out a well-chosen +commission of visitation and inspection, with adequate and efficient +powers from Parliament; though I am greatly deceived, if they do not +find that matters are much exaggerated. The Reports to the House of +Commons from Committees are generally very false mediums to view the +object they treat of through: they are moved for common by persons +interested in the event, sedulously attended by them, and the materials +are too often modelled<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> and made up according to their views, and to +serve their purposes. I have therefore ever greatly regretted the +abolition of the board of trade, the fair, candid judges in these +matters, or who might be made so. The argument from the abuse to the +use, is not a fair consequence; and I sincerely and earnestly recommend +the re-establishment of that board. From the revenues of the Duchy Court +of Lancaster now vacant, and a small gleaning from the enormous +overgrown sine-cures in the Exchequer, this may be done without expence, +and with great emolument to the Crown and to the public.</p> + +<p>It is, besides, the height of absurdity, to think the Indians are +unhappy because they do not live under the same constitution as the +inhabitants of this island. The government<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> in that country, for a very +long period of time, has been so unsettled, that no form of it that has +any stability, or affords any degree of protection to the subjects that +live under it, can be pronounced to be a bad one: in every other case, +the weaker are almost sure to be exterminated by those that are +stronger.</p> + +<p>I should esteem it, in such uncertainty of doing any good of any kind, +extremely improper for the public to make a common cause with the +East-India Company, further than I have already stated, and likewise by +assisting them with some necessary pecuniary aid in their present +distress. The consequences of the public taking upon themselves the +direction of the Company's trade, or even of their territorial +acquisitions, I apprehend would be most ruinous. No nation has ever +attempted any thing of this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> kind without being greatly losers by it, +even where government was carried on principles infinitely more +favourable to such an enterprise than the free constitution of this +country admits of.</p> + +<p>France has often been compelled, in order to preserve the trade to India +and their Companies from sinking, to interfere, and I believe is still +concerned in the national trade to India; but this is on mere compulsion +and necessity, and is, and has ever been, a very losing business to the +Crown of France. If this is so, then how much worse must it be here, +where the advantages taken of the public in every public business are +enormous: and indeed the uncertainty of the time of payment, and the +difficulty of passing the account, do warrant a demand of a great +latitude at any time; but at present, when the ordnance debentures are +at 30 per cent. discount, and the navy bills,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> which carry an interest +of 4 per cent. are at 17 per cent. discount, it is almost impossible to +say on what terms a contract with Government would be advantageous. In +more settled times, I believe, 25 per cent. on estimate, and near 50 per +cent. on arbitrary statements, did not vary much from the difference, to +the disadvantage of the public, betwixt public and private contracts for +the same performances.</p> + +<p>In this view, and it is a just one, nothing but absolute necessity, and +the sure consequence of losing the trade altogether, could justify the +interference of Government beyond the limits already assigned, if even +these could justify it. But this necessity is happily entirely out of +the question at present: the Company anxiously desire to go on with +their trade: a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> forbearance of duties due, is all they ask, to the +extent of, I think, a million. If it was three times as much, Government +would be mad, if they hesitated in the alternative betwixt indulging +them in their demand, and taking their concerns into their own hands. +The affairs of the Company have been embarrassed before; they have +borrowed large sums from Government, which they have honestly repaid. +Their surplus in peaceable times is very large; and if tranquility is +any way durable in India, and the administration of the Company's +affairs is continued in the hands of that powerful genius of resource, +Mr. Hastings, I make no doubt they will extricate themselves with +honour, and do justice to every creditor they have. I am at least sure, +that this is giving the only chance of making them beneficial to this +country; and it is what the Company is highly entitled to.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p> + +<p>I have often wondered upon what principle of policy one of our two great +commercial companies should be the <i>enfant galé</i>, the spoilt child of +every administration whilst the other was treated like the step-son of +the state, with every mark of jealousy and unkindness. The merits of the +East-India Company towards the nation are great and notorious. Whilst +every other country has been taxing their subjects, in order to support +their East-India trade, the English East-India Company has been the +support, to a good extent directly, and in a very great and eminent +degree indirectly, of the British finances; and in the late war the +Company maintained alone, in their dominions and enterprises, the +superiority which usually attended the British arms in every quarter of +the globe; and at last, in the acquisitions made by the Company's arms, +the material indispensable sacrifices to procure a necessary peace were +found. Indeed, their expences<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> in the reduction of Pondicherry, and the +value of it, and of the other restitutions made to the French by the +definitive treaty of peace, seem to me a very onerous and most just debt +on Britain, and why they are not stated as such by the Company, I cannot +see any shadow of a reason.</p> + +<p>It was under the direction of their own proprietary, uncontrouled by +parliament, that the Company rose to an unexampled height of wealth and +prosperity: since the interference of parliament, their affairs have +declined. Possibly now the patronage is so valuable and extensive, their +constitution may be defective, by the too immediate dependence of the +directors on the proprietors, who, by their brigues and cabals, overawe, +and often make abortive the best intentions of the directors. But +matters of charter and property are of so difficult and delicate a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> +nature, that it is hard to say, whether any attempt to remedy this might +not do more harm than good.</p> + +<p>It is related, that Monsieur Colbert, Lewis the Fourteenth's very able +minister of commerce and finance, and to whose memory France stands much +indebted, called an assembly of the most eminent men in the French +king's dominions in the commercial line, to whom he proposed the +consideration, if any, and what advantages might accrue to commerce by +the interference of Government. The unanimous answer of the assembly +was, <i>Laisser le faire</i>, let it alone.</p> + +<p>A new doctrine has been likewise attempted to be established in favour +of the late India Bill, viz. That measures are not to be so fully and +fairly canvassed as they ought,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> but are to rely and be supported by the +responsibility of the proposer of them. The presumption and absurdity of +such a proposition is too great to require an answer. The responsibility +of the proposer often would not procure him ten pounds; and as to any +thing sanguinary, God knows! the hazard is very, very trifling. Indeed, +the persons who avowedly, first by denial of justice to America, plunged +us into a war, and afterwards, by obstinately persevering in it, when +experience had evinced the success was impracticable, and who by so +doing have irretrievably (I fear) undone their country, enjoy in pomp +and serenity, even to ostentation, the honours and lucrative employments +heaped upon them. If justice is demanded for glory, for wealth, for +dominion lost, they pay you with an ideal jest: if you want more, a +ready vote of acquittal is at hand from a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> packt majority, united on the +most sordid principles, to promote each other's advantage, in open and +abandoned violation, on one part of the coalition, of the faith a +thousand times pledged to bring delinquents to justice, who now are not +only protected, but represented, with a falsehood and inconsistency that +degrades human nature, as great, wise, and virtuous ministers, by those +very men who not very many months stigmatized them as the base undoers +of their country.</p> + +<p>His Majesty has, however, been pleased to nominate a new ministry: they +are young and untried: I wish them well; and my poor support shall be +theirs, if they deserve it. I hope their real essential bond of union is +at least less dangerous than that of their predecessors, viz. through +violation of charters to obtain the plunder of India for themselves and +adherents.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p> + +<p>I should have thought a dissolution of Parliament necessary to have +preceded, in order to procure any stability in the settlement of a new +ministry. The reason offered against this measure was quite trifling, +viz. the delay of public business; for the Parliament would have been +dissolved, and a new one elected, in little more than the period of +usual recess at this time of the year; which recess was not intended to +have been shortened, if the late overthrow of the ministry had not taken +place. Should the indecent interruption of every thing that does not +promote their own continuance, still prevail in a majority of the House +of Commons, the delay of public business will be well compensated by the +facilities a new election will probably afford, and by the rapid +progress of measures beneficial and necessary to the public that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> will +take place hereafter, which, under the present jarring situation and +equipoise of parties, cannot, in my poor opinion, ever be carried on +with either certainty or dispatch.</p> + +<p>But I still dread the continuance of the present distractions. The +politics of St. James's have had ill luck for common, and, by some fatal +ascendancy, have generally backwards trod the very paths they most +anxiously sought to shun. The faction has emissaries spread far and wide +to pluck allegiance from men's hearts. It will demand, on the part of +the King, an active, unremitting attention to replace himself in that +state of pre-eminence and influence the constitution allows, and even +requires. Let this never be out of mind. When his Majesty hunts the +stag, let him reflect that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> he is himself the hunted stag, the royal +hart held at bay by a fierce, unrelenting faction, who deny, or mean to +explain away, his dearest, clearest prerogatives. A prince so virtuous, +who never was even suspected to mean any foul play to the state, ought +to command in every honest service, and he will command no other, those +servants whom he is now obliged to sue to, and often is refused. The +onward path, ingenuous openness of fair sincerity and prudent œconomy +in private life, lead to peace of mind, and to heaven's best gift, +independence; they martial kings to greatness, to awe, and affectionate +veneration. I know the delicate ground I tread; but I owe much to my +sovereign, and, above all, <span class="allsc">TRUTH</span>; and I will pay the debt, tho' the most +ungrateful office, yet the surest pledge of real love and respect that I +can<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> give. What have I to fear? I have lived too long; I never wished to +survive the glory of my country; and I cannot form a wish so mean as to +survive its liberties. Whig as I am, if liberty must expire, I hold its +Cuthanaria to be in a mild despotism. But in all the bills of mortality, +of human grandeur, never sure was so strange a catastrophe recorded, as +a king taken prisoner, and a great and glorious constitution squirted to +death, by the sportings of a set of prodigal, undone, gambling, +friblish, impudent Eton boys.</p> + +<p> +<i>Jan. 1. 1784.</i><br /> +</p> + + +<p class="heading">FINIS.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<div class="trans-note"> +<a name="END" id="END"></a> +<p class="heading">Transcriber's Notes</p> + +<p>The transcriber made these changes to the text to correct obvious errors:</p> + +<pre class="note"> +1. p. 3 Stationers Hall --> Stationers' Hall +2. p. 9 brankrupt --> bankrupt +3. p. 12 securites --> securities +4. p. 19 tranquiility --> tranquility +</pre> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's +Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS *** + +***** This file should be named 37000-h.htm or 37000-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/0/0/37000/ + +Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed +Proofreading volunteers at http://www.pgdp.net for Project +Gutenberg. (This file was produced from images generously +made available by The Internet Archive.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/37000.txt b/37000.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..002ae53 --- /dev/null +++ b/37000.txt @@ -0,0 +1,781 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's +Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Proper Limits of the Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned + With some few Reflections Extorted by, and on, the + Distracted State of the Times + +Author: John Dalrymple + +Release Date: August 7, 2011 [EBook #37000] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS *** + + + + +Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed +Proofreading volunteers at http://www.pgdp.net for Project +Gutenberg. (This file was produced from images generously +made available by The Internet Archive.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this +text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings +and other inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an +obvious error is noted at the end of this ebook.] + + + + + THE PROPER + + LIMITS + + OF THE + + GOVERNMENT'S Interference with the Affairs + of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY, + + ATTEMPTED TO BE ASSIGNED. + + WITH SOME FEW + + REFLECTIONS + + Extorted by, and on, the distracted State of the Times. + + By JOHN, EARL of STAIR. + + + ----And beshrew my soul, + But I do love the favour and the form + Of this most fair occasion; by the which + We will untread the steps of damned flight, + And, like a 'bated and retiring flood, + Leaving our rankness and irregular course, + Stoop low within these bounds we have o'erlook'd, + And calmly run on in obedience. + + + LONDON: + + PRINTED FOR J. STOCKDALE, + OPPOSITE BURLINGTON-HOUSE, PICCADILLY. + MDCC LXXXIV. + + Entered at Stationers' Hall. + + + + +THE PROPER + +LIMITS + +OF THE + +GOVERNMENT'S Interference with the Affairs of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY, +&c. + + +Each day's experience proves the fallibility of conjecture, even when +established on apparently the surest foundations. + +Having stated, indeed materially and substantially proved, that the +annual peace expenditure of the state, if decently, not profusely, nor +even amply provided for, could not be performed for less than sixteen +millions five hundred thousand pounds; and having asserted, with truth, +that the annual receipts have scarcely, on the most productive years of +the public revenue, exceeded twelve millions; and the necessary +corollary, arising out of these propositions, being an annual surplus or +sinking fund to the amount (if at all proportional) of at least fifteen +hundred thousand pounds, as a provision for great civil emergencies or +future wars, without which no system of finance can be either +respectable or assuredly permanent; and it following of necessary +consequence from these premises, that the proper peace revenue, from +something more than twelve millions, which is its present amount, ought +to be raised to eighteen millions yearly:--these matters, I say, being +as I have represented them, I firmly believed the public affairs of this +country were tolerably embarrassed, and weakly imagined Ministers might +find full employment in extricating them, without courting, and eagerly, +through right and through wrong, aspiring and grasping at the management +of affairs fully in as great a state of confusion as our own. But I find +I greatly under-rated the cravings of the appetite of our late rulers, +who seem to have had stomach for all difficulties, however remote from +the natural and needful course of their public functions, and however +averse the parties interested were to trust their concerns to their +direction. In consequence of this canine hunger and thirst after +regulation, a bill was brought in and passed by a very great majority of +the House of Commons, to virtually consolidate the embarrassed concerns +of the East-India Company, in direct opposition to the desires of the +proprietors, with the no less embarrassed affairs of this unhappy +country. This bill has been thrown out by a wise and virtuous majority +in the House of Peers; but as the majority there was but small, and +threats are thrown out (in order to make it still smaller) against +Peers, for exercising their indispensable distinctive prerogative duty +of giving honest counsel to their King; and as the same majority, +leagued to promote their own advancement and the ruin of the state, +still exists and exults in the House of Commons; I doubt not but the +same strange destructive measure will be resumed. It therefore becomes +the business of every well-wisher to the prosperity of Britain, to +oppose and to refute the specious nothings offered to blind and to +conceal from the public the designs of a dark and fatal tendency +attached to it; and I think it my duty, moreover, and a justice due to +the creditors of the public in particular, at least, to such as shall +adhere to me, to protest and enter my dissent in their name against any +increase of the public debt, by the addition and incorporation of the +debts of the East-India Company with those of the public, in any manner, +whether openly, or by implication and management. + +I now proceed to consider the reasons offered in vindication of the bill +by which so daring a violation of every thing the laws hold most sacred +was attempted. + +The first plea that was insisted on, was, that the Company was bankrupt; +but this argument defeats itself. If they are bankrupt, the law has +provided a due course of proceeding: Ministers, or the Deputies of +Ministers, are not the proper assignees to the bankrupt's estate: the +trade is, moreover, by the civil death of the Company, open to every +adventurer. But this pretext of bankruptcy is but a flimsy disguise +easily seen through: Ministers are not so eager to obtain the +administration of the affairs of a bankrupt: the virtuous majority in +the House of Commons, increased without any visible cause, or known +success, or advantage of any kind, real or pretended, obtained to the +public from the cares of the late administration;--increased, I say, +from a small doubtful few in the disapprobation of the peace, to a +steady, triumphant majority of one hundred and fourteen in the business +of the East-India Company; gives no note or appearance of a present +bankruptcy in the Company's affairs; but to those that do not know the +incorruptible integrity and disinterestedness of the British legislative +bodies, gives an ugly hint and surmise of what is likely to happen in +future. Of bankruptcy I need say no more; it confutes itself. + +The next plea is humanity, and a wish to restore in India a better and a +juster system of government, less rapacious, and less oppressive to the +natives. This is certainly a fair and generous object; but how do the +means correspond with the end, or, what solid proof have we that +excesses do exist, or, at least, have been carried to the singular and +unnatural extent each parliamentary declaimer is pleased to assign to +them? Having forced the Company to bear a share in all the foolish wars +Britain involved herself in, money must be found. The smooth swindling +methods of funding, without giving the creditors adequate securities +for either principal or interest, are not practicable in Cina. +Self-preservation enforced the necessity of violence, more obnoxious in +the beginning, but, perhaps, in the end, less ruinous than the soft, sly +deceits of Europe. Those violent measures, palliated by the necessity of +self-preservation, excepted, what remains but an _ex parte_ charge, in +Reports to the House of Commons, curious and voluminous indeed, but +without confrontation of the accused, or any other necessary preliminary +to condemnation, sought by private equity, or required by public +justice? We have only an inform mass of matter, where disappointment, +vanity, and malevolence, are too often prompted by management and design +to accuse, and every accusation is held forth as compleat evidence of +guilt. Indeed, some accounts scattered through the vast abyss of eastern +manners and customs, make by much the most useful and entertaining part +of this exceedingly tedious farrago; though in this part it falls far +short in beauty of style and composition, and probably does not much +exceed in veracity, the Arabian Night's Entertainments.--But grant that +wrongs and injustice predominate, who are to restore the golden age in +India? We know the late Ministry, their habitudes, and connections; from +Brooks's, then, it is fair to suppose the daring Argonauts were to have +sailed in search of the Golden Fleece: from Almack's our bold Pizarros +must have taken their course to civilize our new-acquired ministerial +Peru. Determined minds used to set fame and fortune on the dies +uncertain cast: soft souls, overflowing with Christian forbearance, and +the milk of human kindness suckt in at the gaming-table, from such +apostles, alas! I rather should suspect, + + With Ate by their side, come hot from hell, + Shall in these confines, with a monarch's voice, + Cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war. + +Yet I readily agree that it may be proper to send out a well-chosen +commission of visitation and inspection, with adequate and efficient +powers from Parliament; though I am greatly deceived, if they do not +find that matters are much exaggerated. The Reports to the House of +Commons from Committees are generally very false mediums to view the +object they treat of through: they are moved for common by persons +interested in the event, sedulously attended by them, and the materials +are too often modelled and made up according to their views, and to +serve their purposes. I have therefore ever greatly regretted the +abolition of the board of trade, the fair, candid judges in these +matters, or who might be made so. The argument from the abuse to the +use, is not a fair consequence; and I sincerely and earnestly recommend +the re-establishment of that board. From the revenues of the Duchy Court +of Lancaster now vacant, and a small gleaning from the enormous +overgrown sine-cures in the Exchequer, this may be done without expence, +and with great emolument to the Crown and to the public. + +It is, besides, the height of absurdity, to think the Indians are +unhappy because they do not live under the same constitution as the +inhabitants of this island. The government in that country, for a very +long period of time, has been so unsettled, that no form of it that has +any stability, or affords any degree of protection to the subjects that +live under it, can be pronounced to be a bad one: in every other case, +the weaker are almost sure to be exterminated by those that are +stronger. + +I should esteem it, in such uncertainty of doing any good of any kind, +extremely improper for the public to make a common cause with the +East-India Company, further than I have already stated, and likewise by +assisting them with some necessary pecuniary aid in their present +distress. The consequences of the public taking upon themselves the +direction of the Company's trade, or even of their territorial +acquisitions, I apprehend would be most ruinous. No nation has ever +attempted any thing of this kind without being greatly losers by it, +even where government was carried on principles infinitely more +favourable to such an enterprise than the free constitution of this +country admits of. + +France has often been compelled, in order to preserve the trade to India +and their Companies from sinking, to interfere, and I believe is still +concerned in the national trade to India; but this is on mere compulsion +and necessity, and is, and has ever been, a very losing business to the +Crown of France. If this is so, then how much worse must it be here, +where the advantages taken of the public in every public business are +enormous: and indeed the uncertainty of the time of payment, and the +difficulty of passing the account, do warrant a demand of a great +latitude at any time; but at present, when the ordnance debentures are +at 30 per cent. discount, and the navy bills, which carry an interest +of 4 per cent. are at 17 per cent. discount, it is almost impossible to +say on what terms a contract with Government would be advantageous. In +more settled times, I believe, 25 per cent. on estimate, and near 50 per +cent. on arbitrary statements, did not vary much from the difference, to +the disadvantage of the public, betwixt public and private contracts for +the same performances. + +In this view, and it is a just one, nothing but absolute necessity, and +the sure consequence of losing the trade altogether, could justify the +interference of Government beyond the limits already assigned, if even +these could justify it. But this necessity is happily entirely out of +the question at present: the Company anxiously desire to go on with +their trade: a forbearance of duties due, is all they ask, to the +extent of, I think, a million. If it was three times as much, Government +would be mad, if they hesitated in the alternative betwixt indulging +them in their demand, and taking their concerns into their own hands. +The affairs of the Company have been embarrassed before; they have +borrowed large sums from Government, which they have honestly repaid. +Their surplus in peaceable times is very large; and if tranquility is +any way durable in India, and the administration of the Company's +affairs is continued in the hands of that powerful genius of resource, +Mr. Hastings, I make no doubt they will extricate themselves with +honour, and do justice to every creditor they have. I am at least sure, +that this is giving the only chance of making them beneficial to this +country; and it is what the Company is highly entitled to. + +I have often wondered upon what principle of policy one of our two great +commercial companies should be the _enfant gale_, the spoilt child of +every administration whilst the other was treated like the step-son of +the state, with every mark of jealousy and unkindness. The merits of the +East-India Company towards the nation are great and notorious. Whilst +every other country has been taxing their subjects, in order to support +their East-India trade, the English East-India Company has been the +support, to a good extent directly, and in a very great and eminent +degree indirectly, of the British finances; and in the late war the +Company maintained alone, in their dominions and enterprises, the +superiority which usually attended the British arms in every quarter of +the globe; and at last, in the acquisitions made by the Company's arms, +the material indispensable sacrifices to procure a necessary peace were +found. Indeed, their expences in the reduction of Pondicherry, and the +value of it, and of the other restitutions made to the French by the +definitive treaty of peace, seem to me a very onerous and most just debt +on Britain, and why they are not stated as such by the Company, I cannot +see any shadow of a reason. + +It was under the direction of their own proprietary, uncontrouled by +parliament, that the Company rose to an unexampled height of wealth and +prosperity: since the interference of parliament, their affairs have +declined. Possibly now the patronage is so valuable and extensive, their +constitution may be defective, by the too immediate dependence of the +directors on the proprietors, who, by their brigues and cabals, overawe, +and often make abortive the best intentions of the directors. But +matters of charter and property are of so difficult and delicate a +nature, that it is hard to say, whether any attempt to remedy this might +not do more harm than good. + +It is related, that Monsieur Colbert, Lewis the Fourteenth's very able +minister of commerce and finance, and to whose memory France stands much +indebted, called an assembly of the most eminent men in the French +king's dominions in the commercial line, to whom he proposed the +consideration, if any, and what advantages might accrue to commerce by +the interference of Government. The unanimous answer of the assembly +was, _Laisser le faire_, let it alone. + +A new doctrine has been likewise attempted to be established in favour +of the late India Bill, viz. That measures are not to be so fully and +fairly canvassed as they ought, but are to rely and be supported by the +responsibility of the proposer of them. The presumption and absurdity of +such a proposition is too great to require an answer. The responsibility +of the proposer often would not procure him ten pounds; and as to any +thing sanguinary, God knows! the hazard is very, very trifling. Indeed, +the persons who avowedly, first by denial of justice to America, plunged +us into a war, and afterwards, by obstinately persevering in it, when +experience had evinced the success was impracticable, and who by so +doing have irretrievably (I fear) undone their country, enjoy in pomp +and serenity, even to ostentation, the honours and lucrative employments +heaped upon them. If justice is demanded for glory, for wealth, for +dominion lost, they pay you with an ideal jest: if you want more, a +ready vote of acquittal is at hand from a packt majority, united on the +most sordid principles, to promote each other's advantage, in open and +abandoned violation, on one part of the coalition, of the faith a +thousand times pledged to bring delinquents to justice, who now are not +only protected, but represented, with a falsehood and inconsistency that +degrades human nature, as great, wise, and virtuous ministers, by those +very men who not very many months stigmatized them as the base undoers +of their country. + +His Majesty has, however, been pleased to nominate a new ministry: they +are young and untried: I wish them well; and my poor support shall be +theirs, if they deserve it. I hope their real essential bond of union is +at least less dangerous than that of their predecessors, viz. through +violation of charters to obtain the plunder of India for themselves and +adherents. + +I should have thought a dissolution of Parliament necessary to have +preceded, in order to procure any stability in the settlement of a new +ministry. The reason offered against this measure was quite trifling, +viz. the delay of public business; for the Parliament would have been +dissolved, and a new one elected, in little more than the period of +usual recess at this time of the year; which recess was not intended to +have been shortened, if the late overthrow of the ministry had not taken +place. Should the indecent interruption of every thing that does not +promote their own continuance, still prevail in a majority of the House +of Commons, the delay of public business will be well compensated by the +facilities a new election will probably afford, and by the rapid +progress of measures beneficial and necessary to the public that will +take place hereafter, which, under the present jarring situation and +equipoise of parties, cannot, in my poor opinion, ever be carried on +with either certainty or dispatch. + +But I still dread the continuance of the present distractions. The +politics of St. James's have had ill luck for common, and, by some fatal +ascendancy, have generally backwards trod the very paths they most +anxiously sought to shun. The faction has emissaries spread far and wide +to pluck allegiance from men's hearts. It will demand, on the part of +the King, an active, unremitting attention to replace himself in that +state of pre-eminence and influence the constitution allows, and even +requires. Let this never be out of mind. When his Majesty hunts the +stag, let him reflect that he is himself the hunted stag, the royal +hart held at bay by a fierce, unrelenting faction, who deny, or mean to +explain away, his dearest, clearest prerogatives. A prince so virtuous, +who never was even suspected to mean any foul play to the state, ought +to command in every honest service, and he will command no other, those +servants whom he is now obliged to sue to, and often is refused. The +onward path, ingenuous openness of fair sincerity and prudent oeconomy +in private life, lead to peace of mind, and to heaven's best gift, +independence; they martial kings to greatness, to awe, and affectionate +veneration. I know the delicate ground I tread; but I owe much to my +sovereign, and, above all, TRUTH; and I will pay the debt, tho' the most +ungrateful office, yet the surest pledge of real love and respect that I +can give. What have I to fear? I have lived too long; I never wished to +survive the glory of my country; and I cannot form a wish so mean as to +survive its liberties. Whig as I am, if liberty must expire, I hold its +Cuthanaria to be in a mild despotism. But in all the bills of mortality, +of human grandeur, never sure was so strange a catastrophe recorded, as +a king taken prisoner, and a great and glorious constitution squirted to +death, by the sportings of a set of prodigal, undone, gambling, +friblish, impudent Eton boys. + + _Jan. 1. 1784._ + + +FINIS. + + * * * * * + +[Transcriber's Notes: + +The transcriber made these changes to the text to correct obvious +errors: + + 1. p. 3 Stationers Hall --> Stationers' Hall + 2. p. 9 brankrupt --> bankrupt + 3. p. 12 securites --> securities + 4. p. 19 tranquiility --> tranquility + +End of Transcriber's Notes] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's +Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS *** + +***** This file should be named 37000.txt or 37000.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/0/0/37000/ + +Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed +Proofreading volunteers at http://www.pgdp.net for Project +Gutenberg. (This file was produced from images generously +made available by The Internet Archive.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/37000.zip b/37000.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb0511c --- /dev/null +++ b/37000.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..560c752 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #37000 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37000) |