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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's
+Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Proper Limits of the Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned
+       With some few Reflections Extorted by, and on, the
+       Distracted State of the Times
+
+Author: John Dalrymple
+
+Release Date: August 7, 2011 [EBook #37000]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed
+Proofreading volunteers at http://www.pgdp.net for Project
+Gutenberg. (This file was produced from images generously
+made available by The Internet Archive.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this
+text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings
+and other inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an
+obvious error is noted at the end of this ebook.]
+
+
+
+
+  THE PROPER
+
+  LIMITS
+
+  OF THE
+
+  GOVERNMENT'S Interference with the Affairs
+  of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY,
+
+  ATTEMPTED TO BE ASSIGNED.
+
+  WITH SOME FEW
+
+  REFLECTIONS
+
+  Extorted by, and on, the distracted State of the Times.
+
+  By JOHN, EARL of STAIR.
+
+
+               ----And beshrew my soul,
+     But I do love the favour and the form
+     Of this most fair occasion; by the which
+     We will untread the steps of damned flight,
+     And, like a 'bated and retiring flood,
+     Leaving our rankness and irregular course,
+     Stoop low within these bounds we have o'erlook'd,
+     And calmly run on in obedience.
+
+
+  LONDON:
+
+  PRINTED FOR J. STOCKDALE,
+  OPPOSITE BURLINGTON-HOUSE, PICCADILLY.
+  MDCC LXXXIV.
+
+  Entered at Stationers' Hall.
+
+
+
+
+THE PROPER
+
+LIMITS
+
+OF THE
+
+GOVERNMENT'S Interference with the Affairs of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY,
+&c.
+
+
+Each day's experience proves the fallibility of conjecture, even when
+established on apparently the surest foundations.
+
+Having stated, indeed materially and substantially proved, that the
+annual peace expenditure of the state, if decently, not profusely, nor
+even amply provided for, could not be performed for less than sixteen
+millions five hundred thousand pounds; and having asserted, with truth,
+that the annual receipts have scarcely, on the most productive years of
+the public revenue, exceeded twelve millions; and the necessary
+corollary, arising out of these propositions, being an annual surplus or
+sinking fund to the amount (if at all proportional) of at least fifteen
+hundred thousand pounds, as a provision for great civil emergencies or
+future wars, without which no system of finance can be either
+respectable or assuredly permanent; and it following of necessary
+consequence from these premises, that the proper peace revenue, from
+something more than twelve millions, which is its present amount, ought
+to be raised to eighteen millions yearly:--these matters, I say, being
+as I have represented them, I firmly believed the public affairs of this
+country were tolerably embarrassed, and weakly imagined Ministers might
+find full employment in extricating them, without courting, and eagerly,
+through right and through wrong, aspiring and grasping at the management
+of affairs fully in as great a state of confusion as our own. But I find
+I greatly under-rated the cravings of the appetite of our late rulers,
+who seem to have had stomach for all difficulties, however remote from
+the natural and needful course of their public functions, and however
+averse the parties interested were to trust their concerns to their
+direction. In consequence of this canine hunger and thirst after
+regulation, a bill was brought in and passed by a very great majority of
+the House of Commons, to virtually consolidate the embarrassed concerns
+of the East-India Company, in direct opposition to the desires of the
+proprietors, with the no less embarrassed affairs of this unhappy
+country. This bill has been thrown out by a wise and virtuous majority
+in the House of Peers; but as the majority there was but small, and
+threats are thrown out (in order to make it still smaller) against
+Peers, for exercising their indispensable distinctive prerogative duty
+of giving honest counsel to their King; and as the same majority,
+leagued to promote their own advancement and the ruin of the state,
+still exists and exults in the House of Commons; I doubt not but the
+same strange destructive measure will be resumed. It therefore becomes
+the business of every well-wisher to the prosperity of Britain, to
+oppose and to refute the specious nothings offered to blind and to
+conceal from the public the designs of a dark and fatal tendency
+attached to it; and I think it my duty, moreover, and a justice due to
+the creditors of the public in particular, at least, to such as shall
+adhere to me, to protest and enter my dissent in their name against any
+increase of the public debt, by the addition and incorporation of the
+debts of the East-India Company with those of the public, in any manner,
+whether openly, or by implication and management.
+
+I now proceed to consider the reasons offered in vindication of the bill
+by which so daring a violation of every thing the laws hold most sacred
+was attempted.
+
+The first plea that was insisted on, was, that the Company was bankrupt;
+but this argument defeats itself. If they are bankrupt, the law has
+provided a due course of proceeding: Ministers, or the Deputies of
+Ministers, are not the proper assignees to the bankrupt's estate: the
+trade is, moreover, by the civil death of the Company, open to every
+adventurer. But this pretext of bankruptcy is but a flimsy disguise
+easily seen through: Ministers are not so eager to obtain the
+administration of the affairs of a bankrupt: the virtuous majority in
+the House of Commons, increased without any visible cause, or known
+success, or advantage of any kind, real or pretended, obtained to the
+public from the cares of the late administration;--increased, I say,
+from a small doubtful few in the disapprobation of the peace, to a
+steady, triumphant majority of one hundred and fourteen in the business
+of the East-India Company; gives no note or appearance of a present
+bankruptcy in the Company's affairs; but to those that do not know the
+incorruptible integrity and disinterestedness of the British legislative
+bodies, gives an ugly hint and surmise of what is likely to happen in
+future. Of bankruptcy I need say no more; it confutes itself.
+
+The next plea is humanity, and a wish to restore in India a better and a
+juster system of government, less rapacious, and less oppressive to the
+natives. This is certainly a fair and generous object; but how do the
+means correspond with the end, or, what solid proof have we that
+excesses do exist, or, at least, have been carried to the singular and
+unnatural extent each parliamentary declaimer is pleased to assign to
+them? Having forced the Company to bear a share in all the foolish wars
+Britain involved herself in, money must be found. The smooth swindling
+methods of funding, without giving the creditors adequate securities
+for either principal or interest, are not practicable in Cina.
+Self-preservation enforced the necessity of violence, more obnoxious in
+the beginning, but, perhaps, in the end, less ruinous than the soft, sly
+deceits of Europe. Those violent measures, palliated by the necessity of
+self-preservation, excepted, what remains but an _ex parte_ charge, in
+Reports to the House of Commons, curious and voluminous indeed, but
+without confrontation of the accused, or any other necessary preliminary
+to condemnation, sought by private equity, or required by public
+justice? We have only an inform mass of matter, where disappointment,
+vanity, and malevolence, are too often prompted by management and design
+to accuse, and every accusation is held forth as compleat evidence of
+guilt. Indeed, some accounts scattered through the vast abyss of eastern
+manners and customs, make by much the most useful and entertaining part
+of this exceedingly tedious farrago; though in this part it falls far
+short in beauty of style and composition, and probably does not much
+exceed in veracity, the Arabian Night's Entertainments.--But grant that
+wrongs and injustice predominate, who are to restore the golden age in
+India? We know the late Ministry, their habitudes, and connections; from
+Brooks's, then, it is fair to suppose the daring Argonauts were to have
+sailed in search of the Golden Fleece: from Almack's our bold Pizarros
+must have taken their course to civilize our new-acquired ministerial
+Peru. Determined minds used to set fame and fortune on the dies
+uncertain cast: soft souls, overflowing with Christian forbearance, and
+the milk of human kindness suckt in at the gaming-table, from such
+apostles, alas! I rather should suspect,
+
+    With Atè by their side, come hot from hell,
+    Shall in these confines, with a monarch's voice,
+    Cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war.
+
+Yet I readily agree that it may be proper to send out a well-chosen
+commission of visitation and inspection, with adequate and efficient
+powers from Parliament; though I am greatly deceived, if they do not
+find that matters are much exaggerated. The Reports to the House of
+Commons from Committees are generally very false mediums to view the
+object they treat of through: they are moved for common by persons
+interested in the event, sedulously attended by them, and the materials
+are too often modelled and made up according to their views, and to
+serve their purposes. I have therefore ever greatly regretted the
+abolition of the board of trade, the fair, candid judges in these
+matters, or who might be made so. The argument from the abuse to the
+use, is not a fair consequence; and I sincerely and earnestly recommend
+the re-establishment of that board. From the revenues of the Duchy Court
+of Lancaster now vacant, and a small gleaning from the enormous
+overgrown sine-cures in the Exchequer, this may be done without expence,
+and with great emolument to the Crown and to the public.
+
+It is, besides, the height of absurdity, to think the Indians are
+unhappy because they do not live under the same constitution as the
+inhabitants of this island. The government in that country, for a very
+long period of time, has been so unsettled, that no form of it that has
+any stability, or affords any degree of protection to the subjects that
+live under it, can be pronounced to be a bad one: in every other case,
+the weaker are almost sure to be exterminated by those that are
+stronger.
+
+I should esteem it, in such uncertainty of doing any good of any kind,
+extremely improper for the public to make a common cause with the
+East-India Company, further than I have already stated, and likewise by
+assisting them with some necessary pecuniary aid in their present
+distress. The consequences of the public taking upon themselves the
+direction of the Company's trade, or even of their territorial
+acquisitions, I apprehend would be most ruinous. No nation has ever
+attempted any thing of this kind without being greatly losers by it,
+even where government was carried on principles infinitely more
+favourable to such an enterprise than the free constitution of this
+country admits of.
+
+France has often been compelled, in order to preserve the trade to India
+and their Companies from sinking, to interfere, and I believe is still
+concerned in the national trade to India; but this is on mere compulsion
+and necessity, and is, and has ever been, a very losing business to the
+Crown of France. If this is so, then how much worse must it be here,
+where the advantages taken of the public in every public business are
+enormous: and indeed the uncertainty of the time of payment, and the
+difficulty of passing the account, do warrant a demand of a great
+latitude at any time; but at present, when the ordnance debentures are
+at 30 per cent. discount, and the navy bills, which carry an interest
+of 4 per cent. are at 17 per cent. discount, it is almost impossible to
+say on what terms a contract with Government would be advantageous. In
+more settled times, I believe, 25 per cent. on estimate, and near 50 per
+cent. on arbitrary statements, did not vary much from the difference, to
+the disadvantage of the public, betwixt public and private contracts for
+the same performances.
+
+In this view, and it is a just one, nothing but absolute necessity, and
+the sure consequence of losing the trade altogether, could justify the
+interference of Government beyond the limits already assigned, if even
+these could justify it. But this necessity is happily entirely out of
+the question at present: the Company anxiously desire to go on with
+their trade: a forbearance of duties due, is all they ask, to the
+extent of, I think, a million. If it was three times as much, Government
+would be mad, if they hesitated in the alternative betwixt indulging
+them in their demand, and taking their concerns into their own hands.
+The affairs of the Company have been embarrassed before; they have
+borrowed large sums from Government, which they have honestly repaid.
+Their surplus in peaceable times is very large; and if tranquility is
+any way durable in India, and the administration of the Company's
+affairs is continued in the hands of that powerful genius of resource,
+Mr. Hastings, I make no doubt they will extricate themselves with
+honour, and do justice to every creditor they have. I am at least sure,
+that this is giving the only chance of making them beneficial to this
+country; and it is what the Company is highly entitled to.
+
+I have often wondered upon what principle of policy one of our two great
+commercial companies should be the _enfant galé_, the spoilt child of
+every administration whilst the other was treated like the step-son of
+the state, with every mark of jealousy and unkindness. The merits of the
+East-India Company towards the nation are great and notorious. Whilst
+every other country has been taxing their subjects, in order to support
+their East-India trade, the English East-India Company has been the
+support, to a good extent directly, and in a very great and eminent
+degree indirectly, of the British finances; and in the late war the
+Company maintained alone, in their dominions and enterprises, the
+superiority which usually attended the British arms in every quarter of
+the globe; and at last, in the acquisitions made by the Company's arms,
+the material indispensable sacrifices to procure a necessary peace were
+found. Indeed, their expences in the reduction of Pondicherry, and the
+value of it, and of the other restitutions made to the French by the
+definitive treaty of peace, seem to me a very onerous and most just debt
+on Britain, and why they are not stated as such by the Company, I cannot
+see any shadow of a reason.
+
+It was under the direction of their own proprietary, uncontrouled by
+parliament, that the Company rose to an unexampled height of wealth and
+prosperity: since the interference of parliament, their affairs have
+declined. Possibly now the patronage is so valuable and extensive, their
+constitution may be defective, by the too immediate dependence of the
+directors on the proprietors, who, by their brigues and cabals, overawe,
+and often make abortive the best intentions of the directors. But
+matters of charter and property are of so difficult and delicate a
+nature, that it is hard to say, whether any attempt to remedy this might
+not do more harm than good.
+
+It is related, that Monsieur Colbert, Lewis the Fourteenth's very able
+minister of commerce and finance, and to whose memory France stands much
+indebted, called an assembly of the most eminent men in the French
+king's dominions in the commercial line, to whom he proposed the
+consideration, if any, and what advantages might accrue to commerce by
+the interference of Government. The unanimous answer of the assembly
+was, _Laisser le faire_, let it alone.
+
+A new doctrine has been likewise attempted to be established in favour
+of the late India Bill, viz. That measures are not to be so fully and
+fairly canvassed as they ought, but are to rely and be supported by the
+responsibility of the proposer of them. The presumption and absurdity of
+such a proposition is too great to require an answer. The responsibility
+of the proposer often would not procure him ten pounds; and as to any
+thing sanguinary, God knows! the hazard is very, very trifling. Indeed,
+the persons who avowedly, first by denial of justice to America, plunged
+us into a war, and afterwards, by obstinately persevering in it, when
+experience had evinced the success was impracticable, and who by so
+doing have irretrievably (I fear) undone their country, enjoy in pomp
+and serenity, even to ostentation, the honours and lucrative employments
+heaped upon them. If justice is demanded for glory, for wealth, for
+dominion lost, they pay you with an ideal jest: if you want more, a
+ready vote of acquittal is at hand from a packt majority, united on the
+most sordid principles, to promote each other's advantage, in open and
+abandoned violation, on one part of the coalition, of the faith a
+thousand times pledged to bring delinquents to justice, who now are not
+only protected, but represented, with a falsehood and inconsistency that
+degrades human nature, as great, wise, and virtuous ministers, by those
+very men who not very many months stigmatized them as the base undoers
+of their country.
+
+His Majesty has, however, been pleased to nominate a new ministry: they
+are young and untried: I wish them well; and my poor support shall be
+theirs, if they deserve it. I hope their real essential bond of union is
+at least less dangerous than that of their predecessors, viz. through
+violation of charters to obtain the plunder of India for themselves and
+adherents.
+
+I should have thought a dissolution of Parliament necessary to have
+preceded, in order to procure any stability in the settlement of a new
+ministry. The reason offered against this measure was quite trifling,
+viz. the delay of public business; for the Parliament would have been
+dissolved, and a new one elected, in little more than the period of
+usual recess at this time of the year; which recess was not intended to
+have been shortened, if the late overthrow of the ministry had not taken
+place. Should the indecent interruption of every thing that does not
+promote their own continuance, still prevail in a majority of the House
+of Commons, the delay of public business will be well compensated by the
+facilities a new election will probably afford, and by the rapid
+progress of measures beneficial and necessary to the public that will
+take place hereafter, which, under the present jarring situation and
+equipoise of parties, cannot, in my poor opinion, ever be carried on
+with either certainty or dispatch.
+
+But I still dread the continuance of the present distractions. The
+politics of St. James's have had ill luck for common, and, by some fatal
+ascendancy, have generally backwards trod the very paths they most
+anxiously sought to shun. The faction has emissaries spread far and wide
+to pluck allegiance from men's hearts. It will demand, on the part of
+the King, an active, unremitting attention to replace himself in that
+state of pre-eminence and influence the constitution allows, and even
+requires. Let this never be out of mind. When his Majesty hunts the
+stag, let him reflect that he is himself the hunted stag, the royal
+hart held at bay by a fierce, unrelenting faction, who deny, or mean to
+explain away, his dearest, clearest prerogatives. A prince so virtuous,
+who never was even suspected to mean any foul play to the state, ought
+to command in every honest service, and he will command no other, those
+servants whom he is now obliged to sue to, and often is refused. The
+onward path, ingenuous openness of fair sincerity and prudent oeconomy
+in private life, lead to peace of mind, and to heaven's best gift,
+independence; they martial kings to greatness, to awe, and affectionate
+veneration. I know the delicate ground I tread; but I owe much to my
+sovereign, and, above all, TRUTH; and I will pay the debt, tho' the most
+ungrateful office, yet the surest pledge of real love and respect that I
+can give. What have I to fear? I have lived too long; I never wished to
+survive the glory of my country; and I cannot form a wish so mean as to
+survive its liberties. Whig as I am, if liberty must expire, I hold its
+Cuthanaria to be in a mild despotism. But in all the bills of mortality,
+of human grandeur, never sure was so strange a catastrophe recorded, as
+a king taken prisoner, and a great and glorious constitution squirted to
+death, by the sportings of a set of prodigal, undone, gambling,
+friblish, impudent Eton boys.
+
+  _Jan. 1. 1784._
+
+
+FINIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Transcriber's Notes:
+
+The transcriber made these changes to the text to correct obvious
+errors:
+
+  1. p.  3 Stationers Hall  --> Stationers' Hall
+  2. p.  9 brankrupt --> bankrupt
+  3. p. 12 securites --> securities
+  4. p. 19 tranquiility --> tranquility
+
+End of Transcriber's Notes]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's
+Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple
+
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+    <title>
+    The Proper Limits of the Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, by John Dalrymple.
+    </title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's
+Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Proper Limits of the Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned
+       With some few Reflections Extorted by, and on, the
+              Distracted State of the Times
+
+Author: John Dalrymple
+
+Release Date: August 7, 2011 [EBook #37000]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS ***
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+Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed
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+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="trans-note">
+<p class="heading">
+Transcriber's Note:</p>
+<p>Every effort has been made to replicate this text
+as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings
+and other inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an
+obvious error is noted at the end of this ebook.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<h1>
+<span class="allsc">THE PROPER</span><br />
+<span class="spacious big">LIMITS</span><br />
+<span class="allsc">OF THE</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Government's</span> Interference with the Affairs of the
+<span class="smcap">East-India Company</span>,<br />
+<span class="small allsc">ATTEMPTED TO BE ASSIGNED.</span></h1>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="center">
+<span class="spacious small ws">WITH SOME FEW</span><br /><br />
+<span class="spacious big">REFLECTIONS</span><br /><br />
+Extorted by, and on, the distracted State of the Times.</p>
+<p class="center"><br />By JOHN, EARL of STAIR.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<blockquote>
+<p><span style="margin-left: 5em;">&mdash;&mdash;And beshrew my soul,</span><br />
+But I do love the favour and the form<br />
+Of this most fair occasion; by the which<br />
+We will untread the steps of damned flight,<br />
+And, like a 'bated and retiring flood,<br />
+Leaving our rankness and irregular course,<br />
+Stoop low within these bounds we have o'erlook'd,<br />
+And calmly run on in obedience.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p><br /></p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<span class="spacious">LONDON:</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="spacious">PRINTED FOR J. STOCKDALE,</span><br />
+<span class="sc small">opposite Burlington-House, Piccadilly</span>.<br />
+<span class="small">MDCC LXXXIV.</span><br />
+<br />
+Entered at Stationers' Hall.</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<h2><span class="small">THE PROPER</span><br />
+<span class="spacious">LIMITS</span><br />
+<span class="small">OF THE</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Government's</span> Interference with the Affairs<br />
+of the <span class="smcap">East-India Company</span>, &amp;c.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Each day's experience proves the fallibility of conjecture, even when
+established on apparently the surest foundations.</p>
+
+<p>Having stated, indeed materially and substantially proved, that the
+annual peace<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> expenditure of the state, if decently, not profusely, nor
+even amply provided for, could not be performed for less than sixteen
+millions five hundred thousand pounds; and having asserted, with truth,
+that the annual receipts have scarcely, on the most productive years of
+the public revenue, exceeded twelve millions; and the necessary
+corollary, arising out of these propositions, being an annual surplus or
+sinking fund to the amount (if at all proportional) of at least fifteen
+hundred thousand pounds, as a provision for great civil emergencies or
+future wars, without which no system of finance can be either
+respectable or assuredly permanent; and it following of necessary
+consequence from these premises, that the proper peace revenue, from
+something more than twelve millions, which is its present amount, ought
+to be raised<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> to eighteen millions yearly:&mdash;these matters, I say, being
+as I have represented them, I firmly believed the public affairs of this
+country were tolerably embarrassed, and weakly imagined Ministers might
+find full employment in extricating them, without courting, and eagerly,
+through right and through wrong, aspiring and grasping at the management
+of affairs fully in as great a state of confusion as our own. But I find
+I greatly under-rated the cravings of the appetite of our late rulers,
+who seem to have had stomach for all difficulties, however remote from
+the natural and needful course of their public functions, and however
+averse the parties interested were to trust their concerns to their
+direction. In consequence of this canine hunger and thirst after
+regulation, a bill was brought in and passed by a very great majority of
+the House<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> of Commons, to virtually consolidate the embarrassed concerns
+of the East-India Company, in direct opposition to the desires of the
+proprietors, with the no less embarrassed affairs of this unhappy
+country. This bill has been thrown out by a wise and virtuous majority
+in the House of Peers; but as the majority there was but small, and
+threats are thrown out (in order to make it still smaller) against
+Peers, for exercising their indispensable distinctive prerogative duty
+of giving honest counsel to their King; and as the same majority,
+leagued to promote their own advancement and the ruin of the state,
+still exists and exults in the House of Commons; I doubt not but the
+same strange destructive measure will be resumed. It therefore becomes
+the business of every well-wisher to the prosperity of Britain, to
+oppose and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> to refute the specious nothings offered to blind and to
+conceal from the public the designs of a dark and fatal tendency
+attached to it; and I think it my duty, moreover, and a justice due to
+the creditors of the public in particular, at least, to such as shall
+adhere to me, to protest and enter my dissent in their name against any
+increase of the public debt, by the addition and incorporation of the
+debts of the East-India Company with those of the public, in any manner,
+whether openly, or by implication and management.</p>
+
+<p>I now proceed to consider the reasons offered in vindication of the bill
+by which so daring a violation of every thing the laws hold most sacred
+was attempted.</p>
+
+<p>The first plea that was insisted on, was, that the Company was bankrupt;
+but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> this argument defeats itself. If they are bankrupt, the law has
+provided a due course of proceeding: Ministers, or the Deputies of
+Ministers, are not the proper assignees to the bankrupt's estate: the
+trade is, moreover, by the civil death of the Company, open to every
+adventurer. But this pretext of bankruptcy is but a flimsy disguise
+easily seen through: Ministers are not so eager to obtain the
+administration of the affairs of a bankrupt: the virtuous majority in
+the House of Commons, increased without any visible cause, or known
+success, or advantage of any kind, real or pretended, obtained to the
+public from the cares of the late administration;&mdash;increased, I say,
+from a small doubtful few in the disapprobation of the peace, to a
+steady, triumphant majority of one hundred and fourteen in the business
+of the East-India Company; gives no note or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> appearance of a present
+bankruptcy in the Company's affairs; but to those that do not know the
+incorruptible integrity and disinterestedness of the British legislative
+bodies, gives an ugly hint and surmise of what is likely to happen in
+future. Of bankruptcy I need say no more; it confutes itself.</p>
+
+<p>The next plea is humanity, and a wish to restore in India a better and a
+juster system of government, less rapacious, and less oppressive to the
+natives. This is certainly a fair and generous object; but how do the
+means correspond with the end, or, what solid proof have we that
+excesses do exist, or, at least, have been carried to the singular and
+unnatural extent each parliamentary declaimer is pleased to assign to
+them? Having forced the Company to bear a share in all the foolish wars
+Britain involved herself<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> in, money must be found. The smooth swindling
+methods of funding, without giving the creditors adequate securities for
+either principal or interest, are not practicable in Cina.
+Self-preservation enforced the necessity of violence, more obnoxious in
+the beginning, but, perhaps, in the end, less ruinous than the soft, sly
+deceits of Europe. Those violent measures, palliated by the necessity of
+self-preservation, excepted, what remains but an <i>ex parte</i> charge, in
+Reports to the House of Commons, curious and voluminous indeed, but
+without confrontation of the accused, or any other necessary preliminary
+to condemnation, sought by private equity, or required by public
+justice? We have only an inform mass of matter, where disappointment,
+vanity, and malevolence, are too often prompted by management and design
+to accuse, and every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> accusation is held forth as compleat evidence of
+guilt. Indeed, some accounts scattered through the vast abyss of eastern
+manners and customs, make by much the most useful and entertaining part
+of this exceedingly tedious farrago; though in this part it falls far
+short in beauty of style and composition, and probably does not much
+exceed in veracity, the Arabian Night's Entertainments.&mdash;But grant that
+wrongs and injustice predominate, who are to restore the golden age in
+India? We know the late Ministry, their habitudes, and connections; from
+Brooks's, then, it is fair to suppose the daring Argonauts were to have
+sailed in search of the Golden Fleece: from Almack's our bold Pizarros
+must have taken their course to civilize our new-acquired ministerial
+Peru. Determined minds used to set fame and fortune on the dies
+uncertain cast: soft<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> souls, overflowing with Christian forbearance, and
+the milk of human kindness suckt in at the gaming-table, from such
+apostles, alas! I rather should suspect,</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">With Atè by their side, come hot from hell,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Shall in these confines, with a monarch's voice,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Yet I readily agree that it may be proper to send out a well-chosen
+commission of visitation and inspection, with adequate and efficient
+powers from Parliament; though I am greatly deceived, if they do not
+find that matters are much exaggerated. The Reports to the House of
+Commons from Committees are generally very false mediums to view the
+object they treat of through: they are moved for common by persons
+interested in the event, sedulously attended by them, and the materials
+are too often modelled<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> and made up according to their views, and to
+serve their purposes. I have therefore ever greatly regretted the
+abolition of the board of trade, the fair, candid judges in these
+matters, or who might be made so. The argument from the abuse to the
+use, is not a fair consequence; and I sincerely and earnestly recommend
+the re-establishment of that board. From the revenues of the Duchy Court
+of Lancaster now vacant, and a small gleaning from the enormous
+overgrown sine-cures in the Exchequer, this may be done without expence,
+and with great emolument to the Crown and to the public.</p>
+
+<p>It is, besides, the height of absurdity, to think the Indians are
+unhappy because they do not live under the same constitution as the
+inhabitants of this island. The government<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> in that country, for a very
+long period of time, has been so unsettled, that no form of it that has
+any stability, or affords any degree of protection to the subjects that
+live under it, can be pronounced to be a bad one: in every other case,
+the weaker are almost sure to be exterminated by those that are
+stronger.</p>
+
+<p>I should esteem it, in such uncertainty of doing any good of any kind,
+extremely improper for the public to make a common cause with the
+East-India Company, further than I have already stated, and likewise by
+assisting them with some necessary pecuniary aid in their present
+distress. The consequences of the public taking upon themselves the
+direction of the Company's trade, or even of their territorial
+acquisitions, I apprehend would be most ruinous. No nation has ever
+attempted any thing of this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> kind without being greatly losers by it,
+even where government was carried on principles infinitely more
+favourable to such an enterprise than the free constitution of this
+country admits of.</p>
+
+<p>France has often been compelled, in order to preserve the trade to India
+and their Companies from sinking, to interfere, and I believe is still
+concerned in the national trade to India; but this is on mere compulsion
+and necessity, and is, and has ever been, a very losing business to the
+Crown of France. If this is so, then how much worse must it be here,
+where the advantages taken of the public in every public business are
+enormous: and indeed the uncertainty of the time of payment, and the
+difficulty of passing the account, do warrant a demand of a great
+latitude at any time; but at present, when the ordnance debentures are
+at 30 per cent. discount, and the navy bills,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> which carry an interest
+of 4 per cent. are at 17 per cent. discount, it is almost impossible to
+say on what terms a contract with Government would be advantageous. In
+more settled times, I believe, 25 per cent. on estimate, and near 50 per
+cent. on arbitrary statements, did not vary much from the difference, to
+the disadvantage of the public, betwixt public and private contracts for
+the same performances.</p>
+
+<p>In this view, and it is a just one, nothing but absolute necessity, and
+the sure consequence of losing the trade altogether, could justify the
+interference of Government beyond the limits already assigned, if even
+these could justify it. But this necessity is happily entirely out of
+the question at present: the Company anxiously desire to go on with
+their trade: a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> forbearance of duties due, is all they ask, to the
+extent of, I think, a million. If it was three times as much, Government
+would be mad, if they hesitated in the alternative betwixt indulging
+them in their demand, and taking their concerns into their own hands.
+The affairs of the Company have been embarrassed before; they have
+borrowed large sums from Government, which they have honestly repaid.
+Their surplus in peaceable times is very large; and if tranquility is
+any way durable in India, and the administration of the Company's
+affairs is continued in the hands of that powerful genius of resource,
+Mr. Hastings, I make no doubt they will extricate themselves with
+honour, and do justice to every creditor they have. I am at least sure,
+that this is giving the only chance of making them beneficial to this
+country; and it is what the Company is highly entitled to.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I have often wondered upon what principle of policy one of our two great
+commercial companies should be the <i>enfant galé</i>, the spoilt child of
+every administration whilst the other was treated like the step-son of
+the state, with every mark of jealousy and unkindness. The merits of the
+East-India Company towards the nation are great and notorious. Whilst
+every other country has been taxing their subjects, in order to support
+their East-India trade, the English East-India Company has been the
+support, to a good extent directly, and in a very great and eminent
+degree indirectly, of the British finances; and in the late war the
+Company maintained alone, in their dominions and enterprises, the
+superiority which usually attended the British arms in every quarter of
+the globe; and at last, in the acquisitions made by the Company's arms,
+the material indispensable sacrifices to procure a necessary peace were
+found. Indeed, their expences<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> in the reduction of Pondicherry, and the
+value of it, and of the other restitutions made to the French by the
+definitive treaty of peace, seem to me a very onerous and most just debt
+on Britain, and why they are not stated as such by the Company, I cannot
+see any shadow of a reason.</p>
+
+<p>It was under the direction of their own proprietary, uncontrouled by
+parliament, that the Company rose to an unexampled height of wealth and
+prosperity: since the interference of parliament, their affairs have
+declined. Possibly now the patronage is so valuable and extensive, their
+constitution may be defective, by the too immediate dependence of the
+directors on the proprietors, who, by their brigues and cabals, overawe,
+and often make abortive the best intentions of the directors. But
+matters of charter and property are of so difficult and delicate a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+nature, that it is hard to say, whether any attempt to remedy this might
+not do more harm than good.</p>
+
+<p>It is related, that Monsieur Colbert, Lewis the Fourteenth's very able
+minister of commerce and finance, and to whose memory France stands much
+indebted, called an assembly of the most eminent men in the French
+king's dominions in the commercial line, to whom he proposed the
+consideration, if any, and what advantages might accrue to commerce by
+the interference of Government. The unanimous answer of the assembly
+was, <i>Laisser le faire</i>, let it alone.</p>
+
+<p>A new doctrine has been likewise attempted to be established in favour
+of the late India Bill, viz. That measures are not to be so fully and
+fairly canvassed as they ought,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> but are to rely and be supported by the
+responsibility of the proposer of them. The presumption and absurdity of
+such a proposition is too great to require an answer. The responsibility
+of the proposer often would not procure him ten pounds; and as to any
+thing sanguinary, God knows! the hazard is very, very trifling. Indeed,
+the persons who avowedly, first by denial of justice to America, plunged
+us into a war, and afterwards, by obstinately persevering in it, when
+experience had evinced the success was impracticable, and who by so
+doing have irretrievably (I fear) undone their country, enjoy in pomp
+and serenity, even to ostentation, the honours and lucrative employments
+heaped upon them. If justice is demanded for glory, for wealth, for
+dominion lost, they pay you with an ideal jest: if you want more, a
+ready vote of acquittal is at hand from a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> packt majority, united on the
+most sordid principles, to promote each other's advantage, in open and
+abandoned violation, on one part of the coalition, of the faith a
+thousand times pledged to bring delinquents to justice, who now are not
+only protected, but represented, with a falsehood and inconsistency that
+degrades human nature, as great, wise, and virtuous ministers, by those
+very men who not very many months stigmatized them as the base undoers
+of their country.</p>
+
+<p>His Majesty has, however, been pleased to nominate a new ministry: they
+are young and untried: I wish them well; and my poor support shall be
+theirs, if they deserve it. I hope their real essential bond of union is
+at least less dangerous than that of their predecessors, viz. through
+violation of charters to obtain the plunder of India for themselves and
+adherents.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I should have thought a dissolution of Parliament necessary to have
+preceded, in order to procure any stability in the settlement of a new
+ministry. The reason offered against this measure was quite trifling,
+viz. the delay of public business; for the Parliament would have been
+dissolved, and a new one elected, in little more than the period of
+usual recess at this time of the year; which recess was not intended to
+have been shortened, if the late overthrow of the ministry had not taken
+place. Should the indecent interruption of every thing that does not
+promote their own continuance, still prevail in a majority of the House
+of Commons, the delay of public business will be well compensated by the
+facilities a new election will probably afford, and by the rapid
+progress of measures beneficial and necessary to the public that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> will
+take place hereafter, which, under the present jarring situation and
+equipoise of parties, cannot, in my poor opinion, ever be carried on
+with either certainty or dispatch.</p>
+
+<p>But I still dread the continuance of the present distractions. The
+politics of St. James's have had ill luck for common, and, by some fatal
+ascendancy, have generally backwards trod the very paths they most
+anxiously sought to shun. The faction has emissaries spread far and wide
+to pluck allegiance from men's hearts. It will demand, on the part of
+the King, an active, unremitting attention to replace himself in that
+state of pre-eminence and influence the constitution allows, and even
+requires. Let this never be out of mind. When his Majesty hunts the
+stag, let him reflect that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> he is himself the hunted stag, the royal
+hart held at bay by a fierce, unrelenting faction, who deny, or mean to
+explain away, his dearest, clearest prerogatives. A prince so virtuous,
+who never was even suspected to mean any foul play to the state, ought
+to command in every honest service, and he will command no other, those
+servants whom he is now obliged to sue to, and often is refused. The
+onward path, ingenuous openness of fair sincerity and prudent &oelig;conomy
+in private life, lead to peace of mind, and to heaven's best gift,
+independence; they martial kings to greatness, to awe, and affectionate
+veneration. I know the delicate ground I tread; but I owe much to my
+sovereign, and, above all, <span class="allsc">TRUTH</span>; and I will pay the debt, tho' the most
+ungrateful office, yet the surest pledge of real love and respect that I
+can<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> give. What have I to fear? I have lived too long; I never wished to
+survive the glory of my country; and I cannot form a wish so mean as to
+survive its liberties. Whig as I am, if liberty must expire, I hold its
+Cuthanaria to be in a mild despotism. But in all the bills of mortality,
+of human grandeur, never sure was so strange a catastrophe recorded, as
+a king taken prisoner, and a great and glorious constitution squirted to
+death, by the sportings of a set of prodigal, undone, gambling,
+friblish, impudent Eton boys.</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Jan. 1. 1784.</i><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p class="heading">FINIS.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<div class="trans-note">
+<a name="END" id="END"></a>
+<p class="heading">Transcriber's Notes</p>
+
+<p>The transcriber made these changes to the text to correct obvious errors:</p>
+
+<pre class="note">
+1. p.  3 Stationers Hall  --> Stationers' Hall
+2. p.  9 brankrupt --> bankrupt
+3. p. 12 securites --> securities
+4. p. 19 tranquiility --> tranquility
+</pre>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's
+Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's
+Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Proper Limits of the Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned
+       With some few Reflections Extorted by, and on, the
+       Distracted State of the Times
+
+Author: John Dalrymple
+
+Release Date: August 7, 2011 [EBook #37000]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PROPER LIMITS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Richard J. Shiffer and the Distributed
+Proofreading volunteers at http://www.pgdp.net for Project
+Gutenberg. (This file was produced from images generously
+made available by The Internet Archive.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this
+text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings
+and other inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an
+obvious error is noted at the end of this ebook.]
+
+
+
+
+  THE PROPER
+
+  LIMITS
+
+  OF THE
+
+  GOVERNMENT'S Interference with the Affairs
+  of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY,
+
+  ATTEMPTED TO BE ASSIGNED.
+
+  WITH SOME FEW
+
+  REFLECTIONS
+
+  Extorted by, and on, the distracted State of the Times.
+
+  By JOHN, EARL of STAIR.
+
+
+               ----And beshrew my soul,
+     But I do love the favour and the form
+     Of this most fair occasion; by the which
+     We will untread the steps of damned flight,
+     And, like a 'bated and retiring flood,
+     Leaving our rankness and irregular course,
+     Stoop low within these bounds we have o'erlook'd,
+     And calmly run on in obedience.
+
+
+  LONDON:
+
+  PRINTED FOR J. STOCKDALE,
+  OPPOSITE BURLINGTON-HOUSE, PICCADILLY.
+  MDCC LXXXIV.
+
+  Entered at Stationers' Hall.
+
+
+
+
+THE PROPER
+
+LIMITS
+
+OF THE
+
+GOVERNMENT'S Interference with the Affairs of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY,
+&c.
+
+
+Each day's experience proves the fallibility of conjecture, even when
+established on apparently the surest foundations.
+
+Having stated, indeed materially and substantially proved, that the
+annual peace expenditure of the state, if decently, not profusely, nor
+even amply provided for, could not be performed for less than sixteen
+millions five hundred thousand pounds; and having asserted, with truth,
+that the annual receipts have scarcely, on the most productive years of
+the public revenue, exceeded twelve millions; and the necessary
+corollary, arising out of these propositions, being an annual surplus or
+sinking fund to the amount (if at all proportional) of at least fifteen
+hundred thousand pounds, as a provision for great civil emergencies or
+future wars, without which no system of finance can be either
+respectable or assuredly permanent; and it following of necessary
+consequence from these premises, that the proper peace revenue, from
+something more than twelve millions, which is its present amount, ought
+to be raised to eighteen millions yearly:--these matters, I say, being
+as I have represented them, I firmly believed the public affairs of this
+country were tolerably embarrassed, and weakly imagined Ministers might
+find full employment in extricating them, without courting, and eagerly,
+through right and through wrong, aspiring and grasping at the management
+of affairs fully in as great a state of confusion as our own. But I find
+I greatly under-rated the cravings of the appetite of our late rulers,
+who seem to have had stomach for all difficulties, however remote from
+the natural and needful course of their public functions, and however
+averse the parties interested were to trust their concerns to their
+direction. In consequence of this canine hunger and thirst after
+regulation, a bill was brought in and passed by a very great majority of
+the House of Commons, to virtually consolidate the embarrassed concerns
+of the East-India Company, in direct opposition to the desires of the
+proprietors, with the no less embarrassed affairs of this unhappy
+country. This bill has been thrown out by a wise and virtuous majority
+in the House of Peers; but as the majority there was but small, and
+threats are thrown out (in order to make it still smaller) against
+Peers, for exercising their indispensable distinctive prerogative duty
+of giving honest counsel to their King; and as the same majority,
+leagued to promote their own advancement and the ruin of the state,
+still exists and exults in the House of Commons; I doubt not but the
+same strange destructive measure will be resumed. It therefore becomes
+the business of every well-wisher to the prosperity of Britain, to
+oppose and to refute the specious nothings offered to blind and to
+conceal from the public the designs of a dark and fatal tendency
+attached to it; and I think it my duty, moreover, and a justice due to
+the creditors of the public in particular, at least, to such as shall
+adhere to me, to protest and enter my dissent in their name against any
+increase of the public debt, by the addition and incorporation of the
+debts of the East-India Company with those of the public, in any manner,
+whether openly, or by implication and management.
+
+I now proceed to consider the reasons offered in vindication of the bill
+by which so daring a violation of every thing the laws hold most sacred
+was attempted.
+
+The first plea that was insisted on, was, that the Company was bankrupt;
+but this argument defeats itself. If they are bankrupt, the law has
+provided a due course of proceeding: Ministers, or the Deputies of
+Ministers, are not the proper assignees to the bankrupt's estate: the
+trade is, moreover, by the civil death of the Company, open to every
+adventurer. But this pretext of bankruptcy is but a flimsy disguise
+easily seen through: Ministers are not so eager to obtain the
+administration of the affairs of a bankrupt: the virtuous majority in
+the House of Commons, increased without any visible cause, or known
+success, or advantage of any kind, real or pretended, obtained to the
+public from the cares of the late administration;--increased, I say,
+from a small doubtful few in the disapprobation of the peace, to a
+steady, triumphant majority of one hundred and fourteen in the business
+of the East-India Company; gives no note or appearance of a present
+bankruptcy in the Company's affairs; but to those that do not know the
+incorruptible integrity and disinterestedness of the British legislative
+bodies, gives an ugly hint and surmise of what is likely to happen in
+future. Of bankruptcy I need say no more; it confutes itself.
+
+The next plea is humanity, and a wish to restore in India a better and a
+juster system of government, less rapacious, and less oppressive to the
+natives. This is certainly a fair and generous object; but how do the
+means correspond with the end, or, what solid proof have we that
+excesses do exist, or, at least, have been carried to the singular and
+unnatural extent each parliamentary declaimer is pleased to assign to
+them? Having forced the Company to bear a share in all the foolish wars
+Britain involved herself in, money must be found. The smooth swindling
+methods of funding, without giving the creditors adequate securities
+for either principal or interest, are not practicable in Cina.
+Self-preservation enforced the necessity of violence, more obnoxious in
+the beginning, but, perhaps, in the end, less ruinous than the soft, sly
+deceits of Europe. Those violent measures, palliated by the necessity of
+self-preservation, excepted, what remains but an _ex parte_ charge, in
+Reports to the House of Commons, curious and voluminous indeed, but
+without confrontation of the accused, or any other necessary preliminary
+to condemnation, sought by private equity, or required by public
+justice? We have only an inform mass of matter, where disappointment,
+vanity, and malevolence, are too often prompted by management and design
+to accuse, and every accusation is held forth as compleat evidence of
+guilt. Indeed, some accounts scattered through the vast abyss of eastern
+manners and customs, make by much the most useful and entertaining part
+of this exceedingly tedious farrago; though in this part it falls far
+short in beauty of style and composition, and probably does not much
+exceed in veracity, the Arabian Night's Entertainments.--But grant that
+wrongs and injustice predominate, who are to restore the golden age in
+India? We know the late Ministry, their habitudes, and connections; from
+Brooks's, then, it is fair to suppose the daring Argonauts were to have
+sailed in search of the Golden Fleece: from Almack's our bold Pizarros
+must have taken their course to civilize our new-acquired ministerial
+Peru. Determined minds used to set fame and fortune on the dies
+uncertain cast: soft souls, overflowing with Christian forbearance, and
+the milk of human kindness suckt in at the gaming-table, from such
+apostles, alas! I rather should suspect,
+
+    With Ate by their side, come hot from hell,
+    Shall in these confines, with a monarch's voice,
+    Cry havoc! and let slip the dogs of war.
+
+Yet I readily agree that it may be proper to send out a well-chosen
+commission of visitation and inspection, with adequate and efficient
+powers from Parliament; though I am greatly deceived, if they do not
+find that matters are much exaggerated. The Reports to the House of
+Commons from Committees are generally very false mediums to view the
+object they treat of through: they are moved for common by persons
+interested in the event, sedulously attended by them, and the materials
+are too often modelled and made up according to their views, and to
+serve their purposes. I have therefore ever greatly regretted the
+abolition of the board of trade, the fair, candid judges in these
+matters, or who might be made so. The argument from the abuse to the
+use, is not a fair consequence; and I sincerely and earnestly recommend
+the re-establishment of that board. From the revenues of the Duchy Court
+of Lancaster now vacant, and a small gleaning from the enormous
+overgrown sine-cures in the Exchequer, this may be done without expence,
+and with great emolument to the Crown and to the public.
+
+It is, besides, the height of absurdity, to think the Indians are
+unhappy because they do not live under the same constitution as the
+inhabitants of this island. The government in that country, for a very
+long period of time, has been so unsettled, that no form of it that has
+any stability, or affords any degree of protection to the subjects that
+live under it, can be pronounced to be a bad one: in every other case,
+the weaker are almost sure to be exterminated by those that are
+stronger.
+
+I should esteem it, in such uncertainty of doing any good of any kind,
+extremely improper for the public to make a common cause with the
+East-India Company, further than I have already stated, and likewise by
+assisting them with some necessary pecuniary aid in their present
+distress. The consequences of the public taking upon themselves the
+direction of the Company's trade, or even of their territorial
+acquisitions, I apprehend would be most ruinous. No nation has ever
+attempted any thing of this kind without being greatly losers by it,
+even where government was carried on principles infinitely more
+favourable to such an enterprise than the free constitution of this
+country admits of.
+
+France has often been compelled, in order to preserve the trade to India
+and their Companies from sinking, to interfere, and I believe is still
+concerned in the national trade to India; but this is on mere compulsion
+and necessity, and is, and has ever been, a very losing business to the
+Crown of France. If this is so, then how much worse must it be here,
+where the advantages taken of the public in every public business are
+enormous: and indeed the uncertainty of the time of payment, and the
+difficulty of passing the account, do warrant a demand of a great
+latitude at any time; but at present, when the ordnance debentures are
+at 30 per cent. discount, and the navy bills, which carry an interest
+of 4 per cent. are at 17 per cent. discount, it is almost impossible to
+say on what terms a contract with Government would be advantageous. In
+more settled times, I believe, 25 per cent. on estimate, and near 50 per
+cent. on arbitrary statements, did not vary much from the difference, to
+the disadvantage of the public, betwixt public and private contracts for
+the same performances.
+
+In this view, and it is a just one, nothing but absolute necessity, and
+the sure consequence of losing the trade altogether, could justify the
+interference of Government beyond the limits already assigned, if even
+these could justify it. But this necessity is happily entirely out of
+the question at present: the Company anxiously desire to go on with
+their trade: a forbearance of duties due, is all they ask, to the
+extent of, I think, a million. If it was three times as much, Government
+would be mad, if they hesitated in the alternative betwixt indulging
+them in their demand, and taking their concerns into their own hands.
+The affairs of the Company have been embarrassed before; they have
+borrowed large sums from Government, which they have honestly repaid.
+Their surplus in peaceable times is very large; and if tranquility is
+any way durable in India, and the administration of the Company's
+affairs is continued in the hands of that powerful genius of resource,
+Mr. Hastings, I make no doubt they will extricate themselves with
+honour, and do justice to every creditor they have. I am at least sure,
+that this is giving the only chance of making them beneficial to this
+country; and it is what the Company is highly entitled to.
+
+I have often wondered upon what principle of policy one of our two great
+commercial companies should be the _enfant gale_, the spoilt child of
+every administration whilst the other was treated like the step-son of
+the state, with every mark of jealousy and unkindness. The merits of the
+East-India Company towards the nation are great and notorious. Whilst
+every other country has been taxing their subjects, in order to support
+their East-India trade, the English East-India Company has been the
+support, to a good extent directly, and in a very great and eminent
+degree indirectly, of the British finances; and in the late war the
+Company maintained alone, in their dominions and enterprises, the
+superiority which usually attended the British arms in every quarter of
+the globe; and at last, in the acquisitions made by the Company's arms,
+the material indispensable sacrifices to procure a necessary peace were
+found. Indeed, their expences in the reduction of Pondicherry, and the
+value of it, and of the other restitutions made to the French by the
+definitive treaty of peace, seem to me a very onerous and most just debt
+on Britain, and why they are not stated as such by the Company, I cannot
+see any shadow of a reason.
+
+It was under the direction of their own proprietary, uncontrouled by
+parliament, that the Company rose to an unexampled height of wealth and
+prosperity: since the interference of parliament, their affairs have
+declined. Possibly now the patronage is so valuable and extensive, their
+constitution may be defective, by the too immediate dependence of the
+directors on the proprietors, who, by their brigues and cabals, overawe,
+and often make abortive the best intentions of the directors. But
+matters of charter and property are of so difficult and delicate a
+nature, that it is hard to say, whether any attempt to remedy this might
+not do more harm than good.
+
+It is related, that Monsieur Colbert, Lewis the Fourteenth's very able
+minister of commerce and finance, and to whose memory France stands much
+indebted, called an assembly of the most eminent men in the French
+king's dominions in the commercial line, to whom he proposed the
+consideration, if any, and what advantages might accrue to commerce by
+the interference of Government. The unanimous answer of the assembly
+was, _Laisser le faire_, let it alone.
+
+A new doctrine has been likewise attempted to be established in favour
+of the late India Bill, viz. That measures are not to be so fully and
+fairly canvassed as they ought, but are to rely and be supported by the
+responsibility of the proposer of them. The presumption and absurdity of
+such a proposition is too great to require an answer. The responsibility
+of the proposer often would not procure him ten pounds; and as to any
+thing sanguinary, God knows! the hazard is very, very trifling. Indeed,
+the persons who avowedly, first by denial of justice to America, plunged
+us into a war, and afterwards, by obstinately persevering in it, when
+experience had evinced the success was impracticable, and who by so
+doing have irretrievably (I fear) undone their country, enjoy in pomp
+and serenity, even to ostentation, the honours and lucrative employments
+heaped upon them. If justice is demanded for glory, for wealth, for
+dominion lost, they pay you with an ideal jest: if you want more, a
+ready vote of acquittal is at hand from a packt majority, united on the
+most sordid principles, to promote each other's advantage, in open and
+abandoned violation, on one part of the coalition, of the faith a
+thousand times pledged to bring delinquents to justice, who now are not
+only protected, but represented, with a falsehood and inconsistency that
+degrades human nature, as great, wise, and virtuous ministers, by those
+very men who not very many months stigmatized them as the base undoers
+of their country.
+
+His Majesty has, however, been pleased to nominate a new ministry: they
+are young and untried: I wish them well; and my poor support shall be
+theirs, if they deserve it. I hope their real essential bond of union is
+at least less dangerous than that of their predecessors, viz. through
+violation of charters to obtain the plunder of India for themselves and
+adherents.
+
+I should have thought a dissolution of Parliament necessary to have
+preceded, in order to procure any stability in the settlement of a new
+ministry. The reason offered against this measure was quite trifling,
+viz. the delay of public business; for the Parliament would have been
+dissolved, and a new one elected, in little more than the period of
+usual recess at this time of the year; which recess was not intended to
+have been shortened, if the late overthrow of the ministry had not taken
+place. Should the indecent interruption of every thing that does not
+promote their own continuance, still prevail in a majority of the House
+of Commons, the delay of public business will be well compensated by the
+facilities a new election will probably afford, and by the rapid
+progress of measures beneficial and necessary to the public that will
+take place hereafter, which, under the present jarring situation and
+equipoise of parties, cannot, in my poor opinion, ever be carried on
+with either certainty or dispatch.
+
+But I still dread the continuance of the present distractions. The
+politics of St. James's have had ill luck for common, and, by some fatal
+ascendancy, have generally backwards trod the very paths they most
+anxiously sought to shun. The faction has emissaries spread far and wide
+to pluck allegiance from men's hearts. It will demand, on the part of
+the King, an active, unremitting attention to replace himself in that
+state of pre-eminence and influence the constitution allows, and even
+requires. Let this never be out of mind. When his Majesty hunts the
+stag, let him reflect that he is himself the hunted stag, the royal
+hart held at bay by a fierce, unrelenting faction, who deny, or mean to
+explain away, his dearest, clearest prerogatives. A prince so virtuous,
+who never was even suspected to mean any foul play to the state, ought
+to command in every honest service, and he will command no other, those
+servants whom he is now obliged to sue to, and often is refused. The
+onward path, ingenuous openness of fair sincerity and prudent oeconomy
+in private life, lead to peace of mind, and to heaven's best gift,
+independence; they martial kings to greatness, to awe, and affectionate
+veneration. I know the delicate ground I tread; but I owe much to my
+sovereign, and, above all, TRUTH; and I will pay the debt, tho' the most
+ungrateful office, yet the surest pledge of real love and respect that I
+can give. What have I to fear? I have lived too long; I never wished to
+survive the glory of my country; and I cannot form a wish so mean as to
+survive its liberties. Whig as I am, if liberty must expire, I hold its
+Cuthanaria to be in a mild despotism. But in all the bills of mortality,
+of human grandeur, never sure was so strange a catastrophe recorded, as
+a king taken prisoner, and a great and glorious constitution squirted to
+death, by the sportings of a set of prodigal, undone, gambling,
+friblish, impudent Eton boys.
+
+  _Jan. 1. 1784._
+
+
+FINIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Transcriber's Notes:
+
+The transcriber made these changes to the text to correct obvious
+errors:
+
+  1. p.  3 Stationers Hall  --> Stationers' Hall
+  2. p.  9 brankrupt --> bankrupt
+  3. p. 12 securites --> securities
+  4. p. 19 tranquiility --> tranquility
+
+End of Transcriber's Notes]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Proper Limits of the Government's
+Interference with the Affairs of the East-India Company, Attempted to be Assigned, by John Dalrymple
+
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