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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/36639-h.zip b/36639-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffd78df --- /dev/null +++ b/36639-h.zip diff --git a/36639-h/36639-h.htm b/36639-h/36639-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..823e8cf --- /dev/null +++ b/36639-h/36639-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,962 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Chickamauga, by Smith D. Atkins. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + p { margin-top: .5em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .5em; + text-indent: 1em; + } + h1 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + h5,h6 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + h2 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + h3 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + h4 { + text-align: center; font-family: garamond, serif; /* all headings centered */ + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + body{margin-left: 15%; + margin-right: 15%; + } + a {text-decoration: none} /* no lines under links */ + hr.wide {margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; width: 25%; color: black;} + div.centered {text-align: center;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 1 */ + div.centered table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;} /* work around for IE centering with CSS problem part 2 */ + + .cen {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;} /* centering paragraphs */ + .noin {text-indent: 0em;} /* no indenting */ + .img {text-align: center; padding: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} /* centering images */ + .tr {margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; margin-top: 5%; margin-bottom: 5%; padding: 1em; background-color: #f6f2f2; color: black; border: dotted black 1px;} /* transcriber's notes */ + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; right: 2%; + font-size: 75%; + color: gray; + background-color: inherit; + text-align: right; + text-indent: 0em; + font-style: normal; + font-weight: normal; + font-variant: normal;} /* page numbers */ + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chickamauga, Useless, Disastrous Battle, by +Smith D Atkins + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chickamauga, Useless, Disastrous Battle + +Author: Smith D Atkins + +Release Date: July 6, 2011 [EBook #36639] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHICKAMAUGA *** + + + + +Produced by Jeannie Howse and friend, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + +<h1>Chickamauga.</h1> +<h3>Useless, Disastrous Battle.</h3> + +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<p class="noin">Talk by Smith D. Atkins. Opera<br /> +House, Mendota, Illinois, February<br /> +22, 1907, at invitation of<br /> +Woman's Relief Corps, G.A.R.</p> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<p>When the Civil War came in this country forty-seven years ago, I was a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> +young lawyer in Freeport, with not a particle of military schooling, +and not the slightest inclination for military life. But when our good +President, Abraham Lincoln, made his first call for three months' +volunteers in April, 1861, I enlisted as a private soldier, and when +mustered out at the end of three months, I again enlisted as a private +soldier, resolved that I would serve in the army until the rebellion +was crushed. Promotions came to me very rapidly. I always had a larger +command than I believed myself capable of handling.</p> + +<p>On August 16th, 1863, when the movement of the Army of the Cumberland +began from Winchester and Dechard in middle Tennessee against the Army +of the Confederacy under Bragg at Chattanooga, I was not, as a matter +of course, informed of the plans of the campaign, for I held only the +rank of a colonel of a single regiment, and a boy at that, attached to +Wilder's Brigade of Mounted Infantry, armed with Spencer repeating +rifles, the best arm for service in the field ever invented, better +than any other arm in the world then or now, so simple in its +mechanism that it never got out of order, and was always ready for +instant service.</p> + +<p>All the world knows now that the object of the campaign was the +capture of Chattanooga. I am not an educated soldier; I am not capable +of making any technical criticism of military campaigns; my opinions +possess no military value; I know nothing of grand tactics, and very +little of any kind of tactics; since the war I have made no critical +study of that campaign. I am averse to such studies; when the war +ended I tried to put behind me everything connected with the war, and +devote my whole attention to the duties and pursuits of peace; I would +not talk about, or read about the Civil War. I placed in my library +many volumes of campaigns in which I was engaged, but I would not read +them. By accident one day I took up a little volume, "Hood's Advance +and Retreat" over ground with which I was familiar, and read it with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> +intense interest, and I afterward read with interest many volumes +concerning the war.</p> + +<p>When the advance of the Army of the Cumberland began it was the desire +of General Rosecrans, commanding the Army of the Cumberland, to +confuse and mislead Bragg, commanding the Confederate Army. In that he +was signally successful. Sending a portion of his army, cavalry, +infantry and artillery, across the Cumberland mountains into the +valley of the Tennessee north of Chattanooga to threaten that city +from the north, he led his main army across the Tennessee at +Bridgeport, Tennessee, and Caperton's Ferry, Alabama, and crossing the +mountains into Lookout Valley, swung his army to the south and west of +Chattanooga, rendering the occupation of that city untenable by Bragg +with his line of supplies threatened in his rear. From my slight +acquaintance with famous military campaigns I believe that the display +of grand tactics by Rosecrans fairly rivals that of anything in +history, and was as brilliant and successful as the famous campaign of +John Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough, before the battle of Blenheim +in 1704.</p> + +<p>Instead of commenting on the campaign of the Army of the Cumberland +against Chattanooga, which I freely grant that from a technical +military point of view I am incapable of, I prefer to dwell upon the +movements of my own regiment in that campaign.</p> + +<p>In the afternoon of August 16th, 1863, my regiment, attached to +Wilder's Brigade, moved out from Dechard, and climbed the Cumberland +Mountains to University Place, and crossing into the Sequatchie +Valley, climbed and crossed Walden's Ridge, reaching Poe's Tavern in +the Tennessee Valley, twelve miles north of Chattanooga, on the 21st +of August; on the 22nd, Wilder and his brigade went to a point north +of Chattanooga to directly threaten that city, while my regiment went +to Harrison's Landing, threatening to cross at that point fifteen +miles north of Chattanooga. We found the enemy in earthworks on the +edge of the river on the opposite bank, with quite a heavy fort on the +hills back from the river, mounting three guns en barbette. Our +Spencer rifles carried over the river easily, nearly a mile wide, and +the Confederates were kept closely within their rifle pits by our +sharpshooters.</p> + +<p>For a bullet from a rifle to travel a mile takes a long time. Let me +illustrate that. The Confederate officer of the day, with his sash +across his shoulder, came riding down to the river from the +Confederate fort, and was soon kneeling under a box elder tree on the +bank of the river, and I said to my adjutant standing by me, "What is +he doing?" but I had hardly asked the question, when a blue puff of +smoke told me that he was shooting at us; <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>Adjutant Lawyer stepped +behind a tree, when the bullet from the Confederate rifle passed over +my head, and through the side of the house by which I was standing, +wounding one of my soldiers inside of the house, the first soldier in +my regiment to be struck with rebel lead. If you see a man shooting a +rifle at you a mile away, you will have abundant time to dodge before +the bullet reaches you; if you can dodge behind a tree, as my Adjutant +did, you will be safe; but if you are in the open you may as well +stand still, for you are as liable to dodge in front of the bullet as +away from it.</p> + +<p>On the 24th of August I returned to Harrison's Landing with my +regiment and two 10-pound rifled guns of Lilly's Indiana Battery, +under a Lieutenant. He was a volunteer officer, but a studious one, +and had mastered the science of artillery firing. I placed the two +guns on the bluff on our side of the river, and ordered the Lieutenant +to open fire at the Confederate fort, probably about two miles away, +when I rode on to the bank of the river, opposite the Confederate +fort, where I could plainly see the effect of the artillery firing. I +waited an hour for the guns to open, but they didn't, and I rode back +to see about it. He had cut down some trees to get a plain view of the +Confederate fort, dug holes for the trails of the guns, and there they +stood, pointing at the sky, and the Lieutenant stood there steadily +eyeing the Confederate fort, with its three guns, en barbette, a brass +gun in the center and a steel gun each side of it. I yelled at him to +know why he didn't fire, and he replied, without taking his eyes from +the fort, "I am waiting for some one to stand up on the parapet of the +fort; I have an instrument here (a flat piece of brass full of holes +of different sizes) by which I can tell the exact distance in yards if +some one will stand up; with another instrument I know the elevation, +just how much lower that fort is than where my guns stand." I replied, +"Perhaps no soldier will ever stand up," and he answered, "Oh, yes, +there will," and almost immediately said, "There. I have got it," and +while he kneeled upon the ground to figure out the problem, and cut +his shells, and load his guns, I dismounted and went down the bluff +immediately in front of his guns until I found a place from which I +could plainly see the Confederate fort, and, adjusting my field glass, +hoped to see the effect of his shots; but I was enveloped in smoke +when he fired, and could see nothing. But we learned the effect of his +scientific firing a few days afterward when we captured a copy of the +Daily Chattanooga Rebel, printed on wall paper, Henry Watterson, now +the distinguished editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal, publisher, +that said the Yankee artillery at Harrison's <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>Landing at the first +fire dismounted the brass gun in the Confederate fort, and killed four +men. No one showed himself about that fort afterwards, and, although +he continued firing, more to make a noise and worry Bragg at +Chattanooga than anything else, the Confederates made no attempt to +reply to our artillery. Those two shots by him, scientifically fired, +after he knew the elevation and distance, hit the mark and did the +business. Roosevelt says, "It is the shots that hit that count;" that +is true. One center shot is worth forty shot at random. That is why +Dewey, in Manilla Bay, sunk the Spanish fleet. I spent several days, a +few years ago, at Fortress Monroe, in Virginia, and all the forenoon +of each day listened to the firing of heavy guns by the battleships of +our navy at targets, when it cost five hundred dollars for every shot +fired. The absolute accuracy of scientific firing is an astonishment. +I have seen a man fire sixteen shots at a target one even mile away, +and hit the bull's eye every shot, and he declared that he could hit +it every time for a hundred shots. Our navy is made up of volunteers; +it is expensive to educate them, but they make the best gunners in the +world, and if we keep a navy at all, it is the greatest economy to +keep it always in a state of the highest efficiency.</p> + +<p>Our country has, and always will, depend upon patriotic volunteers in +time of need. I read in an English magazine that an Englishman on one +of Dewey's ships in Manilla Bay noticed that the gunner's lips moved +as if he was saying something after each shot. He crowded up close to +him, and every time the gun was fired the gunner said "Cash." The +Englishman told the captain of the ship about it, who said the +explanation was easy—that gunner before he enlisted in the navy was a +dry-goods clerk, and always said "Cash" when a transaction was +completed. The soldiers who saved the Republic were citizen soldiers, +the best soldiery in the world, and it will always be so while the +Republic shall endure.</p> + +<p>On September 4th, 1863, my regiment was ordered to join Wilder, north +of Chattanooga, and on reporting to Wilder I found that my regiment +was ordered to report to General Thomas to be used by General +Rosecrans for scouting purposes, and immediately ascended to the top +of Walden's Ridge, a continuation of Lookout Mountain, on the north +side of the Tennessee River, and from that elevation I looked for +hours with my field glass into the deserted streets of Chattanooga, +and became convinced that Bragg had evacuated that Confederate +stronghold. Crossing the Tennessee River on the pontoons at +Bridgeport, I reported to General Thomas, and in person to General +Rosecrans at Trenton, twenty miles from Chattanooga, on the west side +of <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>Lookout Mountain, on the forenoon of September 8th, 1863, and gave +General Rosecrans my reason for believing that Chattanooga had been +evacuated by Bragg, and nothing left there but his cavalry to curtain +his movements. I told General Rosecrans I had found a cow-path on the +west side of Lookout Mountain, four miles from its head, that cattle +could go up onto the mountain, and offered to send a body of the +Ninety-Second men onto the mountain by that cow-path, and drive the +enemy's cavalry from off the mountain, demonstrating that Chattanooga +was evacuated, and by the order of General Rosecrans I did so, and +again reported to him in person at Trenton about 9 o'clock on the +evening of September 8th, 1863, and was ordered by him to take the +advance into Chattanooga on the morning of the 9th of September, 1863. +Crossing the nose of the mountain on the Nashville road early on the +morning of September 9th, I found the enemy's cavalry holding the +road, and my regiment was driving them over the mountain when Wilder's +Brigade battery from Moccasin Point on the north side of the Tennessee +began throwing its shells onto the mountain, enfilading my line of +skirmishers, and I was compelled to fall back. It was decidedly +disagreeable to be fired upon by the artillery of the brigade to which +my regiment belonged. How to communicate with Wilder and stop that +firing was a difficult problem, and I thought the only way to do so +would be to have some one swim the river; but that would occasion long +delay. A little boy, a stranger to me, said he had served in the +signal corps, and could send a message by tying his handkerchief to +two hazel sticks, and when he was ready, standing on a jutting rock +where he could be seen by Wilder's men across the river, he inquired +what message, and I said, "Ninety-Second Illinois," and he had not +long been waving his flag, spelling out the words, when Wilder's men +on the north side of the river set up a great cheer, and, knowing they +would no longer fire upon us, we pressed forward, driving the +Confederates before us and off the mountain, and at 10 o'clock a.m. +the flag of the Ninety-Second Illinois Volunteers was floating from +the top of the Crutchfield House, the first Union flag to float in +Chattanooga since Bragg's army occupied that place.</p> + +<p>I had brought to me every person I could find, and sent word back to +Rosecrans that Bragg had evacuated the city and fallen back beyond +Chickamauga with the intention of giving battle as soon as his +reinforcements came from Lee's army in Virginia.</p> + +<p>Now, keep this date carefully in mind, September 9th, 1863, while the +battle of Chickamauga was not begun until ten days after that, on +September 19th, 1863. I believed then, and I believe now, that General +Rosecrans could have put the Army of <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>the Cumberland into Chattanooga +by the evening of September 10th, 1863, without the loss of a man or a +wheel. I know that he could have done that, and the battle of +Chickamauga, with its awful loss of life, have been wholly avoided. It +was a useless battle, and because it was useless and disastrous +Rosecrans was relieved from the command of the Army of the Cumberland, +and was never again restored to favor as an army commander. These +views are not new; they were entertained and expressed by me at that +time, and I have entertained them ever since, and never hesitated to +express them. The battle of Chickamauga was a useless battle, the +broken and shattered Army of the Cumberland driven from the field and +cooped up and nearly starved to death in Chattanooga, that Rosecrans +was in full possession of on September 9th, 1863, and which might have +been held by him with his full army intact, with abundant force to +protect his line of supplies, and where he never could have been or +would have been assaulted by the Confederate army. That was my +deliberate judgment at that time, and, it will be, in my opinion, the +deliberate judgment of history. My opinion may not be worth much, +because I am technically not an educated soldier. Neither was John +Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough, the greatest soldier England ever +produced, an educated soldier. He was absolutely without any military +education whatever when he was placed at the head of the English army. +Common sense is often quite as valuable as technical military +knowledge, and by every rule of common sense, Rosecrans should have +occupied the evacuated city of Chattanooga when he became in full +possession of it on September 9th, 1863, and have avoided entirely the +bloody and disastrous battle of Chickamauga.</p> + +<p>My orders from General Rosecrans were to enter the city of +Chattanooga, obtain all the information possible concerning the +evacuation by Bragg, and to return to him with my regiment. When I was +ready to start back the road was filled with Crittenden's corps of the +Army of the Cumberland, that followed me into Chattanooga, and when +just ready to return I was ordered by General Crittenden to go up the +Tennessee River to Fire Island, ten miles, and enable Wilder with his +brigade to cross. I told Crittenden of my order to return to General +Rosecrans, but he gave me positive orders, and I obeyed, driving small +parties of the Confederate cavalry before me until I reached a famous +grape plantation eight miles north of Chattanooga, where I learned +that Wilder's Brigade was already crossing the river; putting my +regiment into camp I rode forward to communicate with Wilder, and was +by him positively ordered to march with his brigade the next day, +which I did, camping at night at <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>Grayville, almost directly east of +Chattanooga, and during the night I received positive orders to report +with my regiment to General Rosecrans at La Fayette, Georgia, and +moving before daylight on September 11th I struck the Confederate +pickets about two miles north of Ringgold. Sending word back to Wilder +I dismounted my regiment, when the enemy mounted and moved out to +charge my line—waiting until they were close upon me my repeating +Spencer rifles halted their charge and turned it back. Then they +formed in two lines to renew the charge when Wilder came up with a +section of 10-pound rifled cannon, and opened immediately. Instantly +the artillery fire was answered, but not a shot came near us; firing +again with our artillery, instantly came the response. We did not know +it then, but Crittenden's troops were approaching Ringgold from the +west and we from the north, and it was Crittenden's guns we heard, +while Forrest retreated through Ringgold gap. Had Crittenden's troops +and Wilder's Brigade been acting in concert, General Forrest and his +cavalry would have been captured at Ringgold. Sending out a company on +the La Fayette road, the enemy was found in strong force at the +Chickamauga River, and my regiment marched to Rossville, reaching +there after dark. Confident that Rosecrans was in Chattanooga, and not +in La Fayette, I sent officers to Chattanooga before daylight on the +12th of September, but they did not return to me, and an hour after +daylight I took the road to La Fayette, striking the enemy in strong +force at Gordon's Mill on the Chickamauga. I was without corn for my +animals, and finding a cornfield I fed my horses and filled the +nose-bags with corn, and was just about to cross the river with my +regiment when I received a written order from General Rosecrans to +send my regiment to the foot of Lookout Mountain and report in person +to General Rosecrans at Chattanooga, which I did, and was ordered to +find Thomas somewhere on Lookout Mountain, and marching all night down +the mountain I communicated with Thomas at daylight on September 13th, +and sent word to General Rosecrans at Chattanooga. During the day my +regiment followed General Thomas down the mountain on its east side at +Dug Gap. On the 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th of September with my +regiment I scouted the country between Dug Gap and Gordon's Mill, +finding the crossings of the Chickamauga always heavily guarded by the +enemy. I was never ordered to scout south and east of the Chickamauga +River. I never knew why. No Union soldiers ever were sent by Rosecrans +south of that river so far as I know. The woods were full of Rebel +spies pretending to be deserters, and by the order of General +Rosecrans none of them were arrested or interfered with in any way, as +Rosecrans believed that Bragg's army was disintegrating and going +home, and General Rosecrans <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>thought that the Rebel spies were +deserters from Bragg's army. They were not. They were well and strong, +and well clothed, and such men seldom desert from any army. I never +could understand the infatuation of a Union General who by his own +official orders filled his camps with spies from the forces opposing +him.</p> + +<p>Early on the morning of September 19th, 1863, the Army of the +Cumberland began its race for Chattanooga, where that army might have +been and should have been safely placed ten days before that time. In +that race the Army of the Cumberland was attacked in flank by Bragg's +army. The Army of the Cumberland would repulse the enemy at some +point, and immediately move on toward Chattanooga. All day long it was +a continuous race. At about 10 a.m. my regiment was ordered by General +Rosecrans to take position and rest in a field southeast of Widow +Glenn's house, and putting my regiment in the field, I sent out a +skirmish line into the woods in my front, and captured a prisoner from +the Confederate skirmish line that was found west of the La Fayette +road. The prisoner was brought immediately to me. He was a Virginia +boy, badly frightened at first, but he soon told me that he belonged +to Longstreet's corps from the Virginia Army, and detailed to me how +he came by cars, where they disembarked, and how they marched to the +battlefield. I took the prisoner, the first one captured from +Longstreet's corps, to General Rosecrans at his then headquarters at +Widow Glenn's house, and told him that I had a prisoner from +Longstreet's corps, when Rosecrans flew into a passion, denounced the +little boy as a liar, declared that Longstreet's corps was not there. +The little boy prisoner was so frightened that he would not speak a +word. In sorrow I turned away, and joined my regiment. Rosecrans found +out that Longstreet's corps was there.</p> + +<p>Shortly I was ordered to march rapidly toward Chattanooga, and I +suppose a mile or so northeast of Widow Glenn's house I met General +Joseph J. Reynolds, who told me that King's Brigade of his division +was broken by the enemy, and ordered me to dismount and try to stop +the enemy that was pouring through our lines, which I did, and the +Ninety-Second, with their Spencer rifles, easily, on three occasions, +drove the enemy back in its immediate front as they emerged from the +woods east of the La Fayette road; but they swarmed by my right flank +in great force, and I was compelled to withdraw. I found thousands of +Union troops in disorder floating off through the woods toward +Chattanooga, but I sought and found the left flank of the Confederate +troops that had broken through our lines, and reported to Colonel +Wilder at Vinings, and was ordered by him to put my regiment in line +dismounted on the left of his brigade.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>During the night of the 19th of September Rosecrans withdrew McCook's +corps on his right, and formed a new line on the low hills southwest +of Widow Glenn's, Wilder withdrawing his brigade and forming a new +line south of McCook's corps; but my regiment mounted before daylight +covered the entire front of Wilder's Brigade, ordered to fall back to +the new line when pressed by the enemy.</p> + +<p>Daylight came; with it white flags in our front where the Confederates +were burying their dead. An hour after daylight I discovered a heavy +column of the enemy, in column of companies doubled on the center, +slowly and silently creeping past my left flank toward the left flank +of McCook's corps. I repeatedly sent him information of the approach +of that heavy column of the enemy, but he testily declared that there +was no truth in it, and refused to send a skirmish line of his own, +that he might easily have done, and found out for himself. When +Longstreet's corps sprang with a yell upon the left flank of McCook's +corps, the line in my front advanced, and I retired to join Wilder as +ordered. McCook's corps was wiped off the field without any attempt at +real resistance, and floated off from the battlefield like flecks of +foam upon a river. His artillerymen cut the traces, and leaving the +guns, rode away toward Chattanooga. The rout of McCook's corps was +complete. I found Wilder, who proposed to charge through Longstreet's +corps with his brigade, and join Thomas on Snodgrass Hill, but Charles +A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War, rode up and ordered Wilder not to +make the charge, declaring the battle was lost, and ordering Wilder to +Chattanooga by the Dry Valley road. Lingering long on the field, +taking up the Union hospitals at Crawfish Spring, and taking with him +the abandoned artillery of McCook's corps, Wilder sullenly retired, +followed by a light force of the Confederate cavalry.</p> + +<p>The heroic conduct of Thomas on Snodgrass Hill saved the Army of the +Cumberland from total rout and defeat, but that gallant soldier with +his jaded but brave troops sought safety in flight to Rossville Gap +under the cover of the friendly darkness of the night.</p> + +<p>The useless battle had been fought, the useless sacrifice of thousands +of brave men of the Army of the Cumberland had been made, and the +shattered remnant of the Army of the Cumberland in Chattanooga, where +the entire army might have been and ought to have been on the evening +of September 10th, 1863, without the loss of a man or a wheel.</p> + +<p>I cannot linger to tell how Hooker and Howard came from the Army of +the Potomac to rescue the Army of the Cumberland <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>from its terrible +plight: how the Army of the Tennessee hastened under Sherman from +Vicksburg, of the battle above the clouds by Hooker's brave soldiers, +or how the brave men of the Army of the Cumberland, without orders and +against orders, sprung forward, up, and up, and up, for three hundred +feet to the very mouths of the Confederate cannon belching grape and +canister in their faces, sweeping Bragg and his Confederate Army off +from Missionary Ridge. It is a magnificent story that the surviving +soldiers of the grand old Army of the Cumberland will not cease +telling while life lasts.</p> + +<p>The volunteer soldiers were not only brave always, but they were +sensible always. They complained very loudly when they had a right to +complain, and they submitted to every hardship without complaint when +there was necessity for it. Let me illustrate that. After the battle +of Chickamauga my regiment was sent north of Chattanooga, on the north +side of the river, to guard the river for forty miles. We were without +rations for animals or men, living on a few grains of corn gathered +from the rubbish left in the fields where all the corn had been taken +long before, and unripe chestnuts, that we had to cut down the +chestnut trees to gather. But we had a pack mule train, seventy-five +mules with pack-saddles, and I sent the train over the mountains to +bring rations from Bridgeport for the men of my regiment. One night we +heard that the pack mule train loaded with rations was encamped on the +mountain above Poe's Tavern, and would be down in the morning about 10 +o'clock. That was joyful news for the men of my regiment. But at 8 +o'clock the next morning I received a letter from General Garfield, +Chief of Staff of the Army of the Cumberland, ordering me not to take +one ration from the train, but to send the train on to Chattanooga. I +gave the information to the men of my regiment. Did they complain? No. +Not one man made one word of complaint. When the train came along +about 10 o'clock, without any order of any kind, the men of the +Ninety-Second lined up by the side of the road, swinging their hats +and cheering when their own rations went by and onward toward +Chattanooga, where their brave comrades of the Army of the Cumberland +could not get green chestnuts to eat. That was the kind of men that +composed the volunteer Army of the Union who saved the Republic.</p> + +<p>Some of them are here tonight. They compose your Grand Army post here +in Mendota. Honor them while yet you may, for, in only a few years +more, the last one of that Grand Army will have gone beyond the dark +river.</p> + +<p>But the young men of today are as patriotic as the young men of 1861, +and if the time ever comes when the Republic is in <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>danger they will +spring to arms and repeat the heroic deeds of their fathers, and the +Republic will last "until the sun grows cold, and the stars are old, +and the leaves of the judgment book unfold."</p> + +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> + +<div class="img"> +<img border="0" src="images/flag.jpg" width="25%" alt="American Flag" /> +</div> + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + +<div class="tr"> +<p class="cen"><a name="TN" id="TN"></a>Typographical errors corrected in text:</p> +<br /> +Page 6: "ad hit the bull's" replaced with "and hit the bull's"<br /> +</div> + + + +<br /> +<hr /> +<br /> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chickamauga, Useless, Disastrous Battle, by +Smith D Atkins + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHICKAMAUGA *** + +***** This file should be named 36639-h.htm or 36639-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/6/6/3/36639/ + +Produced by Jeannie Howse and friend, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Chickamauga, Useless, Disastrous Battle + +Author: Smith D Atkins + +Release Date: July 6, 2011 [EBook #36639] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHICKAMAUGA *** + + + + +Produced by Jeannie Howse and friend, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + Chickamauga. + Useless, Disastrous Battle. + + + + + + + + + Talk by Smith D. Atkins. Opera + House, Mendota, Illinois, February + 22, 1907, at invitation of + Woman's Relief Corps, G.A.R. + + +When the Civil War came in this country forty-seven years ago, I was a +young lawyer in Freeport, with not a particle of military schooling, +and not the slightest inclination for military life. But when our good +President, Abraham Lincoln, made his first call for three months' +volunteers in April, 1861, I enlisted as a private soldier, and when +mustered out at the end of three months, I again enlisted as a private +soldier, resolved that I would serve in the army until the rebellion +was crushed. Promotions came to me very rapidly. I always had a larger +command than I believed myself capable of handling. + +On August 16th, 1863, when the movement of the Army of the Cumberland +began from Winchester and Dechard in middle Tennessee against the Army +of the Confederacy under Bragg at Chattanooga, I was not, as a matter +of course, informed of the plans of the campaign, for I held only the +rank of a colonel of a single regiment, and a boy at that, attached to +Wilder's Brigade of Mounted Infantry, armed with Spencer repeating +rifles, the best arm for service in the field ever invented, better +than any other arm in the world then or now, so simple in its +mechanism that it never got out of order, and was always ready for +instant service. + +All the world knows now that the object of the campaign was the +capture of Chattanooga. I am not an educated soldier; I am not capable +of making any technical criticism of military campaigns; my opinions +possess no military value; I know nothing of grand tactics, and very +little of any kind of tactics; since the war I have made no critical +study of that campaign. I am averse to such studies; when the war +ended I tried to put behind me everything connected with the war, and +devote my whole attention to the duties and pursuits of peace; I would +not talk about, or read about the Civil War. I placed in my library +many volumes of campaigns in which I was engaged, but I would not read +them. By accident one day I took up a little volume, "Hood's Advance +and Retreat" over ground with which I was familiar, and read it with +intense interest, and I afterward read with interest many volumes +concerning the war. + +When the advance of the Army of the Cumberland began it was the desire +of General Rosecrans, commanding the Army of the Cumberland, to +confuse and mislead Bragg, commanding the Confederate Army. In that he +was signally successful. Sending a portion of his army, cavalry, +infantry and artillery, across the Cumberland mountains into the +valley of the Tennessee north of Chattanooga to threaten that city +from the north, he led his main army across the Tennessee at +Bridgeport, Tennessee, and Caperton's Ferry, Alabama, and crossing the +mountains into Lookout Valley, swung his army to the south and west of +Chattanooga, rendering the occupation of that city untenable by Bragg +with his line of supplies threatened in his rear. From my slight +acquaintance with famous military campaigns I believe that the display +of grand tactics by Rosecrans fairly rivals that of anything in +history, and was as brilliant and successful as the famous campaign of +John Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough, before the battle of Blenheim +in 1704. + +Instead of commenting on the campaign of the Army of the Cumberland +against Chattanooga, which I freely grant that from a technical +military point of view I am incapable of, I prefer to dwell upon the +movements of my own regiment in that campaign. + +In the afternoon of August 16th, 1863, my regiment, attached to +Wilder's Brigade, moved out from Dechard, and climbed the Cumberland +Mountains to University Place, and crossing into the Sequatchie +Valley, climbed and crossed Walden's Ridge, reaching Poe's Tavern in +the Tennessee Valley, twelve miles north of Chattanooga, on the 21st +of August; on the 22nd, Wilder and his brigade went to a point north +of Chattanooga to directly threaten that city, while my regiment went +to Harrison's Landing, threatening to cross at that point fifteen +miles north of Chattanooga. We found the enemy in earthworks on the +edge of the river on the opposite bank, with quite a heavy fort on the +hills back from the river, mounting three guns en barbette. Our +Spencer rifles carried over the river easily, nearly a mile wide, and +the Confederates were kept closely within their rifle pits by our +sharpshooters. + +For a bullet from a rifle to travel a mile takes a long time. Let me +illustrate that. The Confederate officer of the day, with his sash +across his shoulder, came riding down to the river from the +Confederate fort, and was soon kneeling under a box elder tree on the +bank of the river, and I said to my adjutant standing by me, "What is +he doing?" but I had hardly asked the question, when a blue puff of +smoke told me that he was shooting at us; Adjutant Lawyer stepped +behind a tree, when the bullet from the Confederate rifle passed over +my head, and through the side of the house by which I was standing, +wounding one of my soldiers inside of the house, the first soldier in +my regiment to be struck with rebel lead. If you see a man shooting a +rifle at you a mile away, you will have abundant time to dodge before +the bullet reaches you; if you can dodge behind a tree, as my Adjutant +did, you will be safe; but if you are in the open you may as well +stand still, for you are as liable to dodge in front of the bullet as +away from it. + +On the 24th of August I returned to Harrison's Landing with my +regiment and two 10-pound rifled guns of Lilly's Indiana Battery, +under a Lieutenant. He was a volunteer officer, but a studious one, +and had mastered the science of artillery firing. I placed the two +guns on the bluff on our side of the river, and ordered the Lieutenant +to open fire at the Confederate fort, probably about two miles away, +when I rode on to the bank of the river, opposite the Confederate +fort, where I could plainly see the effect of the artillery firing. I +waited an hour for the guns to open, but they didn't, and I rode back +to see about it. He had cut down some trees to get a plain view of the +Confederate fort, dug holes for the trails of the guns, and there they +stood, pointing at the sky, and the Lieutenant stood there steadily +eyeing the Confederate fort, with its three guns, en barbette, a brass +gun in the center and a steel gun each side of it. I yelled at him to +know why he didn't fire, and he replied, without taking his eyes from +the fort, "I am waiting for some one to stand up on the parapet of the +fort; I have an instrument here (a flat piece of brass full of holes +of different sizes) by which I can tell the exact distance in yards if +some one will stand up; with another instrument I know the elevation, +just how much lower that fort is than where my guns stand." I replied, +"Perhaps no soldier will ever stand up," and he answered, "Oh, yes, +there will," and almost immediately said, "There. I have got it," and +while he kneeled upon the ground to figure out the problem, and cut +his shells, and load his guns, I dismounted and went down the bluff +immediately in front of his guns until I found a place from which I +could plainly see the Confederate fort, and, adjusting my field glass, +hoped to see the effect of his shots; but I was enveloped in smoke +when he fired, and could see nothing. But we learned the effect of his +scientific firing a few days afterward when we captured a copy of the +Daily Chattanooga Rebel, printed on wall paper, Henry Watterson, now +the distinguished editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal, publisher, +that said the Yankee artillery at Harrison's Landing at the first +fire dismounted the brass gun in the Confederate fort, and killed four +men. No one showed himself about that fort afterwards, and, although +he continued firing, more to make a noise and worry Bragg at +Chattanooga than anything else, the Confederates made no attempt to +reply to our artillery. Those two shots by him, scientifically fired, +after he knew the elevation and distance, hit the mark and did the +business. Roosevelt says, "It is the shots that hit that count;" that +is true. One center shot is worth forty shot at random. That is why +Dewey, in Manilla Bay, sunk the Spanish fleet. I spent several days, a +few years ago, at Fortress Monroe, in Virginia, and all the forenoon +of each day listened to the firing of heavy guns by the battleships of +our navy at targets, when it cost five hundred dollars for every shot +fired. The absolute accuracy of scientific firing is an astonishment. +I have seen a man fire sixteen shots at a target one even mile away, +and hit the bull's eye every shot, and he declared that he could hit +it every time for a hundred shots. Our navy is made up of volunteers; +it is expensive to educate them, but they make the best gunners in the +world, and if we keep a navy at all, it is the greatest economy to +keep it always in a state of the highest efficiency. + +Our country has, and always will, depend upon patriotic volunteers in +time of need. I read in an English magazine that an Englishman on one +of Dewey's ships in Manilla Bay noticed that the gunner's lips moved +as if he was saying something after each shot. He crowded up close to +him, and every time the gun was fired the gunner said "Cash." The +Englishman told the captain of the ship about it, who said the +explanation was easy--that gunner before he enlisted in the navy was a +dry-goods clerk, and always said "Cash" when a transaction was +completed. The soldiers who saved the Republic were citizen soldiers, +the best soldiery in the world, and it will always be so while the +Republic shall endure. + +On September 4th, 1863, my regiment was ordered to join Wilder, north +of Chattanooga, and on reporting to Wilder I found that my regiment +was ordered to report to General Thomas to be used by General +Rosecrans for scouting purposes, and immediately ascended to the top +of Walden's Ridge, a continuation of Lookout Mountain, on the north +side of the Tennessee River, and from that elevation I looked for +hours with my field glass into the deserted streets of Chattanooga, +and became convinced that Bragg had evacuated that Confederate +stronghold. Crossing the Tennessee River on the pontoons at +Bridgeport, I reported to General Thomas, and in person to General +Rosecrans at Trenton, twenty miles from Chattanooga, on the west side +of Lookout Mountain, on the forenoon of September 8th, 1863, and gave +General Rosecrans my reason for believing that Chattanooga had been +evacuated by Bragg, and nothing left there but his cavalry to curtain +his movements. I told General Rosecrans I had found a cow-path on the +west side of Lookout Mountain, four miles from its head, that cattle +could go up onto the mountain, and offered to send a body of the +Ninety-Second men onto the mountain by that cow-path, and drive the +enemy's cavalry from off the mountain, demonstrating that Chattanooga +was evacuated, and by the order of General Rosecrans I did so, and +again reported to him in person at Trenton about 9 o'clock on the +evening of September 8th, 1863, and was ordered by him to take the +advance into Chattanooga on the morning of the 9th of September, 1863. +Crossing the nose of the mountain on the Nashville road early on the +morning of September 9th, I found the enemy's cavalry holding the +road, and my regiment was driving them over the mountain when Wilder's +Brigade battery from Moccasin Point on the north side of the Tennessee +began throwing its shells onto the mountain, enfilading my line of +skirmishers, and I was compelled to fall back. It was decidedly +disagreeable to be fired upon by the artillery of the brigade to which +my regiment belonged. How to communicate with Wilder and stop that +firing was a difficult problem, and I thought the only way to do so +would be to have some one swim the river; but that would occasion long +delay. A little boy, a stranger to me, said he had served in the +signal corps, and could send a message by tying his handkerchief to +two hazel sticks, and when he was ready, standing on a jutting rock +where he could be seen by Wilder's men across the river, he inquired +what message, and I said, "Ninety-Second Illinois," and he had not +long been waving his flag, spelling out the words, when Wilder's men +on the north side of the river set up a great cheer, and, knowing they +would no longer fire upon us, we pressed forward, driving the +Confederates before us and off the mountain, and at 10 o'clock a.m. +the flag of the Ninety-Second Illinois Volunteers was floating from +the top of the Crutchfield House, the first Union flag to float in +Chattanooga since Bragg's army occupied that place. + +I had brought to me every person I could find, and sent word back to +Rosecrans that Bragg had evacuated the city and fallen back beyond +Chickamauga with the intention of giving battle as soon as his +reinforcements came from Lee's army in Virginia. + +Now, keep this date carefully in mind, September 9th, 1863, while the +battle of Chickamauga was not begun until ten days after that, on +September 19th, 1863. I believed then, and I believe now, that General +Rosecrans could have put the Army of the Cumberland into Chattanooga +by the evening of September 10th, 1863, without the loss of a man or a +wheel. I know that he could have done that, and the battle of +Chickamauga, with its awful loss of life, have been wholly avoided. It +was a useless battle, and because it was useless and disastrous +Rosecrans was relieved from the command of the Army of the Cumberland, +and was never again restored to favor as an army commander. These +views are not new; they were entertained and expressed by me at that +time, and I have entertained them ever since, and never hesitated to +express them. The battle of Chickamauga was a useless battle, the +broken and shattered Army of the Cumberland driven from the field and +cooped up and nearly starved to death in Chattanooga, that Rosecrans +was in full possession of on September 9th, 1863, and which might have +been held by him with his full army intact, with abundant force to +protect his line of supplies, and where he never could have been or +would have been assaulted by the Confederate army. That was my +deliberate judgment at that time, and, it will be, in my opinion, the +deliberate judgment of history. My opinion may not be worth much, +because I am technically not an educated soldier. Neither was John +Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough, the greatest soldier England ever +produced, an educated soldier. He was absolutely without any military +education whatever when he was placed at the head of the English army. +Common sense is often quite as valuable as technical military +knowledge, and by every rule of common sense, Rosecrans should have +occupied the evacuated city of Chattanooga when he became in full +possession of it on September 9th, 1863, and have avoided entirely the +bloody and disastrous battle of Chickamauga. + +My orders from General Rosecrans were to enter the city of +Chattanooga, obtain all the information possible concerning the +evacuation by Bragg, and to return to him with my regiment. When I was +ready to start back the road was filled with Crittenden's corps of the +Army of the Cumberland, that followed me into Chattanooga, and when +just ready to return I was ordered by General Crittenden to go up the +Tennessee River to Fire Island, ten miles, and enable Wilder with his +brigade to cross. I told Crittenden of my order to return to General +Rosecrans, but he gave me positive orders, and I obeyed, driving small +parties of the Confederate cavalry before me until I reached a famous +grape plantation eight miles north of Chattanooga, where I learned +that Wilder's Brigade was already crossing the river; putting my +regiment into camp I rode forward to communicate with Wilder, and was +by him positively ordered to march with his brigade the next day, +which I did, camping at night at Grayville, almost directly east of +Chattanooga, and during the night I received positive orders to report +with my regiment to General Rosecrans at La Fayette, Georgia, and +moving before daylight on September 11th I struck the Confederate +pickets about two miles north of Ringgold. Sending word back to Wilder +I dismounted my regiment, when the enemy mounted and moved out to +charge my line--waiting until they were close upon me my repeating +Spencer rifles halted their charge and turned it back. Then they +formed in two lines to renew the charge when Wilder came up with a +section of 10-pound rifled cannon, and opened immediately. Instantly +the artillery fire was answered, but not a shot came near us; firing +again with our artillery, instantly came the response. We did not know +it then, but Crittenden's troops were approaching Ringgold from the +west and we from the north, and it was Crittenden's guns we heard, +while Forrest retreated through Ringgold gap. Had Crittenden's troops +and Wilder's Brigade been acting in concert, General Forrest and his +cavalry would have been captured at Ringgold. Sending out a company on +the La Fayette road, the enemy was found in strong force at the +Chickamauga River, and my regiment marched to Rossville, reaching +there after dark. Confident that Rosecrans was in Chattanooga, and not +in La Fayette, I sent officers to Chattanooga before daylight on the +12th of September, but they did not return to me, and an hour after +daylight I took the road to La Fayette, striking the enemy in strong +force at Gordon's Mill on the Chickamauga. I was without corn for my +animals, and finding a cornfield I fed my horses and filled the +nose-bags with corn, and was just about to cross the river with my +regiment when I received a written order from General Rosecrans to +send my regiment to the foot of Lookout Mountain and report in person +to General Rosecrans at Chattanooga, which I did, and was ordered to +find Thomas somewhere on Lookout Mountain, and marching all night down +the mountain I communicated with Thomas at daylight on September 13th, +and sent word to General Rosecrans at Chattanooga. During the day my +regiment followed General Thomas down the mountain on its east side at +Dug Gap. On the 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th of September with my +regiment I scouted the country between Dug Gap and Gordon's Mill, +finding the crossings of the Chickamauga always heavily guarded by the +enemy. I was never ordered to scout south and east of the Chickamauga +River. I never knew why. No Union soldiers ever were sent by Rosecrans +south of that river so far as I know. The woods were full of Rebel +spies pretending to be deserters, and by the order of General +Rosecrans none of them were arrested or interfered with in any way, as +Rosecrans believed that Bragg's army was disintegrating and going +home, and General Rosecrans thought that the Rebel spies were +deserters from Bragg's army. They were not. They were well and strong, +and well clothed, and such men seldom desert from any army. I never +could understand the infatuation of a Union General who by his own +official orders filled his camps with spies from the forces opposing +him. + +Early on the morning of September 19th, 1863, the Army of the +Cumberland began its race for Chattanooga, where that army might have +been and should have been safely placed ten days before that time. In +that race the Army of the Cumberland was attacked in flank by Bragg's +army. The Army of the Cumberland would repulse the enemy at some +point, and immediately move on toward Chattanooga. All day long it was +a continuous race. At about 10 a.m. my regiment was ordered by General +Rosecrans to take position and rest in a field southeast of Widow +Glenn's house, and putting my regiment in the field, I sent out a +skirmish line into the woods in my front, and captured a prisoner from +the Confederate skirmish line that was found west of the La Fayette +road. The prisoner was brought immediately to me. He was a Virginia +boy, badly frightened at first, but he soon told me that he belonged +to Longstreet's corps from the Virginia Army, and detailed to me how +he came by cars, where they disembarked, and how they marched to the +battlefield. I took the prisoner, the first one captured from +Longstreet's corps, to General Rosecrans at his then headquarters at +Widow Glenn's house, and told him that I had a prisoner from +Longstreet's corps, when Rosecrans flew into a passion, denounced the +little boy as a liar, declared that Longstreet's corps was not there. +The little boy prisoner was so frightened that he would not speak a +word. In sorrow I turned away, and joined my regiment. Rosecrans found +out that Longstreet's corps was there. + +Shortly I was ordered to march rapidly toward Chattanooga, and I +suppose a mile or so northeast of Widow Glenn's house I met General +Joseph J. Reynolds, who told me that King's Brigade of his division +was broken by the enemy, and ordered me to dismount and try to stop +the enemy that was pouring through our lines, which I did, and the +Ninety-Second, with their Spencer rifles, easily, on three occasions, +drove the enemy back in its immediate front as they emerged from the +woods east of the La Fayette road; but they swarmed by my right flank +in great force, and I was compelled to withdraw. I found thousands of +Union troops in disorder floating off through the woods toward +Chattanooga, but I sought and found the left flank of the Confederate +troops that had broken through our lines, and reported to Colonel +Wilder at Vinings, and was ordered by him to put my regiment in line +dismounted on the left of his brigade. + +During the night of the 19th of September Rosecrans withdrew McCook's +corps on his right, and formed a new line on the low hills southwest +of Widow Glenn's, Wilder withdrawing his brigade and forming a new +line south of McCook's corps; but my regiment mounted before daylight +covered the entire front of Wilder's Brigade, ordered to fall back to +the new line when pressed by the enemy. + +Daylight came; with it white flags in our front where the Confederates +were burying their dead. An hour after daylight I discovered a heavy +column of the enemy, in column of companies doubled on the center, +slowly and silently creeping past my left flank toward the left flank +of McCook's corps. I repeatedly sent him information of the approach +of that heavy column of the enemy, but he testily declared that there +was no truth in it, and refused to send a skirmish line of his own, +that he might easily have done, and found out for himself. When +Longstreet's corps sprang with a yell upon the left flank of McCook's +corps, the line in my front advanced, and I retired to join Wilder as +ordered. McCook's corps was wiped off the field without any attempt at +real resistance, and floated off from the battlefield like flecks of +foam upon a river. His artillerymen cut the traces, and leaving the +guns, rode away toward Chattanooga. The rout of McCook's corps was +complete. I found Wilder, who proposed to charge through Longstreet's +corps with his brigade, and join Thomas on Snodgrass Hill, but Charles +A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War, rode up and ordered Wilder not to +make the charge, declaring the battle was lost, and ordering Wilder to +Chattanooga by the Dry Valley road. Lingering long on the field, +taking up the Union hospitals at Crawfish Spring, and taking with him +the abandoned artillery of McCook's corps, Wilder sullenly retired, +followed by a light force of the Confederate cavalry. + +The heroic conduct of Thomas on Snodgrass Hill saved the Army of the +Cumberland from total rout and defeat, but that gallant soldier with +his jaded but brave troops sought safety in flight to Rossville Gap +under the cover of the friendly darkness of the night. + +The useless battle had been fought, the useless sacrifice of thousands +of brave men of the Army of the Cumberland had been made, and the +shattered remnant of the Army of the Cumberland in Chattanooga, where +the entire army might have been and ought to have been on the evening +of September 10th, 1863, without the loss of a man or a wheel. + +I cannot linger to tell how Hooker and Howard came from the Army of +the Potomac to rescue the Army of the Cumberland from its terrible +plight: how the Army of the Tennessee hastened under Sherman from +Vicksburg, of the battle above the clouds by Hooker's brave soldiers, +or how the brave men of the Army of the Cumberland, without orders and +against orders, sprung forward, up, and up, and up, for three hundred +feet to the very mouths of the Confederate cannon belching grape and +canister in their faces, sweeping Bragg and his Confederate Army off +from Missionary Ridge. It is a magnificent story that the surviving +soldiers of the grand old Army of the Cumberland will not cease +telling while life lasts. + +The volunteer soldiers were not only brave always, but they were +sensible always. They complained very loudly when they had a right to +complain, and they submitted to every hardship without complaint when +there was necessity for it. Let me illustrate that. After the battle +of Chickamauga my regiment was sent north of Chattanooga, on the north +side of the river, to guard the river for forty miles. We were without +rations for animals or men, living on a few grains of corn gathered +from the rubbish left in the fields where all the corn had been taken +long before, and unripe chestnuts, that we had to cut down the +chestnut trees to gather. But we had a pack mule train, seventy-five +mules with pack-saddles, and I sent the train over the mountains to +bring rations from Bridgeport for the men of my regiment. One night we +heard that the pack mule train loaded with rations was encamped on the +mountain above Poe's Tavern, and would be down in the morning about 10 +o'clock. That was joyful news for the men of my regiment. But at 8 +o'clock the next morning I received a letter from General Garfield, +Chief of Staff of the Army of the Cumberland, ordering me not to take +one ration from the train, but to send the train on to Chattanooga. I +gave the information to the men of my regiment. Did they complain? No. +Not one man made one word of complaint. When the train came along +about 10 o'clock, without any order of any kind, the men of the +Ninety-Second lined up by the side of the road, swinging their hats +and cheering when their own rations went by and onward toward +Chattanooga, where their brave comrades of the Army of the Cumberland +could not get green chestnuts to eat. That was the kind of men that +composed the volunteer Army of the Union who saved the Republic. + +Some of them are here tonight. They compose your Grand Army post here +in Mendota. Honor them while yet you may, for, in only a few years +more, the last one of that Grand Army will have gone beyond the dark +river. + +But the young men of today are as patriotic as the young men of 1861, +and if the time ever comes when the Republic is in danger they will +spring to arms and repeat the heroic deeds of their fathers, and the +Republic will last "until the sun grows cold, and the stars are old, +and the leaves of the judgment book unfold." + + +[Illustration] + + + * * * * * + + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + | Typographical errors corrected in text: | + | | + | Page 6: "ad hit the bull's" replaced with | + | "and hit the bull's" | + | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + + * * * * * + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chickamauga, Useless, Disastrous Battle, by +Smith D Atkins + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHICKAMAUGA *** + +***** This file should be named 36639.txt or 36639.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/6/6/3/36639/ + +Produced by Jeannie Howse and friend, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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