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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Three Charters of the Virginia Company
+of London, by Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London
+       With Seven Related Documents; 1606-1621
+
+Author: Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
+Release Date: May 21, 2011 [EBook #36181]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARTERS--VIRGINIA CO. OF LONDON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Carol Ann Brown and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net.
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE THREE CHARTERS OF THE
+  VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON
+
+  With Seven Related Documents;
+
+  1606-1621
+
+  With an introduction by
+
+  Samuel M. Bemiss
+  President, Virginia Historical Society
+
+
+  VIRGINIA 350TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION CORPORATION
+  WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA
+  1957
+
+  COPYRIGHT©, 1957 BY
+  VIRGINIA 350TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION
+  CORPORATION, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA
+
+  Jamestown 350th Anniversary
+  Historical Booklet Number 4
+
+
+
+
+  CONTENTS
+
+
+
+  Introduction                                                  v
+
+  The First Charter, April 10, 1606                             1
+
+  Articles, Instructions and Orders
+    November 20, 1606                                          13
+
+  Ordinance and Constitution, March 9, 1607                    23
+
+  The Second Charter, May 23, 1609                             27
+
+  Virginia Council Instructions to
+    Sir Thomas Gates, May, 1609                                55
+
+  Virginia Council Instructions to
+    Sir Thomas West, 1609/10                                   70
+
+  The Third Charter, March 12, 1612                            76
+
+  Virginia Company Instructions to
+    Sir George Yeardley, November 18, 1618                     95
+    (Sometimes called "The Great Charter")
+
+  Virginia Company Instructions to Governor and
+    Council in Virginia, July 24, 1621                        109
+
+  Treasurer and Company. An Ordinance and Constitution
+    for Council and Assembly in Virginia, July 24, 1621       126
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+Historians may trace in the Royal charters issued to the Virginia
+Company of London a course of empire; a Company organized for profit by
+the ablest businessmen of their time--merchants, manufacturers,
+statesmen, and artists who bound themselves together in a joint stock
+enterprise. The historian may also find in the three charters here
+published a pattern for a parliamentary system and its development into
+the American form of government. He might even perceive the inception of
+a new society.
+
+The origin of the joint stock company was probably primitive. Its later
+genesis may readily be seen in the medieval guild. It became an English
+institution in its application by Sir Walter Raleigh to his magnificent
+adventures in both honest trade and romantic piracy.
+
+The Company provided an agency for assembling adventure capital and
+supplying able management to enterprises of great moment. It offered an
+invitation to the industrious to participate in the growing wealth and
+expanding power of the great English middle class. It supplied an
+opportunity to small investors and it limited their liability. It was an
+adaptation by practical people to practical problems.
+
+Subscribers, or shareholders, met in their quarterly courts to discuss
+the business of the Company and participate in its management. These
+courts were the counterpart of our present day corporate stockholders'
+meetings and were characterized by the same sort of discussions. King
+James could protest vehemently against the "democratical principles of
+the Company." He could see in their charters the final death warrant of
+feudalism. He could execute Raleigh "chiefly for giving satisfaction to
+the King of Spain." He could revoke the charters in 1624, but he could
+not stop the rising tide of representative institutions nor darken the
+great vision of the liberal Elizabethans. A new day had dawned.
+
+The General Assembly which met at Jamestown in 1619 was the natural
+child of the Company. Some of the planters along the James River were
+shareholders in the Company. They had a voice in its management. In the
+management of the civil affairs of the Colony it was, therefore, logical
+that the plantations should elect their representatives to the local
+governing body. It was thus that the first freely elected parliament of
+a self-governing people in the Western World came into existence. Its
+principles were based on those of the corporation chartered and
+organized for profit by businessmen.
+
+The three charters here published, changed successively to meet changing
+conditions, were the rules and the by-laws for the commercial, economic,
+and political development of a homogeneous, industrious English society
+in a land of opportunity. The principal authors and executors of the
+charters, Sir Thomas Smith and Sir Edwin and George Sandys, were
+businessmen. They were practical men. They found a practical way to
+assemble capital and ability, and coordinate them in constructive
+enterprise.
+
+A hundred years before the great Virginia adventure, Luther, Erasmus,
+and Columbus rang down the curtain on the weary and confined drama of
+the Middle Ages. Expanding horizons challenged man's vision and
+intellect. Great courage made Englishmen adventurers in all things.
+
+The charters here presented are among the world's great documents. The
+first which was drawn while Sir Edward Coke was Lord Chief Justice is
+replete with certain traditional and feudal principles, reverence for
+the English common law and the supreme authority of the King and his
+agents. The second, principally the work of the liberal Sir Edwin Sandys
+with the approving participation of Sir Francis Bacon, great exponent of
+natural law, marks a transition from government by arbitrary royal
+authority to the concept that government rests on the consent of the
+governed and on the fundamental right of man to enjoy the fruits of his
+labor. Students may read in this charter the first principles of the
+American Constitution. The third charter is an attempt to refine
+principles enunciated in the second in the light of experience. In
+addition to its political significance, the second charter proved a
+tremendous stimulus to the Virginia enterprise.
+
+Gondomar, the Spanish Ambassador, wrote to his King that "fourteen
+Counts and Barons have given 40,000 ducats, the merchants give much more
+and there is no poor little man or woman who is not willing to subscribe
+something." The landed aristocracy, gentry, merchants, and yeomen had
+joined in a company which they directed to provide capital and ability
+for a great enterprise.
+
+The text of the three charters of the Virginia Company is taken from a
+contemporary copy recently discovered among the Chancery Rolls of the
+Public Record Office in London--contemporary enrollments "representing
+the official text of the charters kept in official custody," according
+to the Deputy Keeper, Mr. D. L. Evans. A photostatic copy of this
+manuscript is in possession of the Virginia State Library. Each charter
+was transcribed in England by Doctor Nellie J. M. Kerling for the
+editor's use.
+
+Heretofore scholars have had access to the charters only through the
+text in William Stith's _The History of the First Discovery and
+Settlement of Virginia_ (Williamsburg, Printed by William Parks, 1747),
+in sources based upon this, or in Alexander Brown's _The Genesis of the
+United States_ (Boston, 1890).
+
+No original of any of the charters is known to exist, although other
+copies of varying degrees of completeness have been located in England
+and on the continent. One copy, made with the authority of the Governor,
+Council, and House of Burgesses of the Colony, was used as evidence to
+support a petition against Lord Culpeper's land grants. This is included
+in the Henry Coventry papers in the library of the Marquess of Bath at
+Longleat, Wiltshire, England (Vol. LXXVI, _Papers relating to Virginia,
+Barbados, and other Colonies, 1606-1675_). These documents have been
+microfilmed by the American Council of Learned Societies, "British
+Manuscripts Project." Many of them will soon be published by the
+Virginia Historical Society under the editorship of Dr. W. E. Washburn.
+
+Another copy of the charters is in the Public Record Office, "Entry
+books of letters, commissions, instructions, charters, warrants,
+patents, grants, etc." (formerly "Record book No. LXXIX"), an abstract
+of which appears in the _Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series_,
+Vol. I. Microfilm copies of this text are in the Library of Congress and
+the Virginia State Library. Other copies have recently been discovered
+in France and Spain by Dr. George Reese who has been employed by the
+Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation to search foreign
+libraries for documentary material pertinent to the study of 17th
+century Virginia. Ultimately, microfilm copies of these records will be
+made available to research libraries in the United States.
+
+The seven accompanying documents, included to illustrate the practical
+rather than theoretical basis of the administration of the Colony, have
+been taken from the best available manuscript or printed source. These
+official papers, together with the three charters of the Virginia
+Company, may be termed the constitutions and are the basic sources for
+the study of the Colony during the first fifteen years of its existence.
+
+A few necessary liberties have been taken in transcribing these
+documents: abbreviations and contractions have been spelled out,
+capitalization and punctuation have been adjusted according to modern
+usage and, to prevent possible confusion, certain letters used
+interchangeably (such as "i" and "j", "v" and "u") are employed
+according to twentieth century practice. In the text of the three
+charters, omitted words or phrases have been supplied in brackets from
+the text in Stith. Brackets are also employed to supply the name of an
+adventurer if there is any deviation in spelling between Stith and the
+manuscript version: _e.g._, "Sir Charles Willmott, Knight [Wilmot]."
+
+This publication owes its issuance to the inspiration and leadership
+furnished by Dr. Earl G. Swem, Librarian Emeritus of the College of
+William and Mary. I should like also to acknowledge the faithful
+transcription of the text by Dr. Nellie J. N. Kerling, and the deep
+interest and active support of Dr. Gertrude R. B. Richards, who most
+patiently assisted in the transcription; also to Mr. Francis L.
+Berkeley, Jr., Archivist of the Alderman Library, University of Virginia
+and to Mr. John M. Jennings, Director of the Virginia Historical
+Society. To Mr. James A. Servies, Reference Librarian of the Library of
+William and Mary College, has fallen the arduous and difficult task of a
+comparative, detailed study of all the texts in the different versions.
+The printed text in these pages is from a typed copy by Mr. Servies,
+prepared with the most painstaking application, as the result of the
+comparison of copies transcribed by Dr. Kerling and Dr. Richards, and of
+the printed pages in Stith. The merit of an accurate and readable text
+must be ascribed to the industry and scholarly perception of Mr.
+Servies.
+
+
+                   SAMUEL M. BEMISS
+
+
+
+
+  THE THREE CHARTERS OF THE VIRGINIA
+  COMPANY OF LONDON
+
+
+
+
+THE FIRST CHARTER
+
+APRIL 10, 1606
+
+
+James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland, France, and
+Ireland, Defender of the Faith], etc. Whereas our loving and weldisposed
+subjects, Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Somers, Knightes; Richarde
+Hackluit, Clarke, Prebendarie of Westminster; and Edwarde Maria
+Winghfeilde,[1] Thomas Hannam and Raleighe Gilberde, Esquiers; William
+Parker and George Popham, Gentlemen; and divers others of our loving
+subjects, have been humble sutors unto us that wee woulde vouchsafe unto
+them our licence to make habitacion, plantacion and to deduce a colonie
+of sondrie of our people into that parte of America commonly called
+Virginia, and other parts and territories in America either appartaining
+unto us or which are not nowe actuallie possessed by anie Christian
+prince or people, scituate, lying and being all along the sea coastes
+between fower and thirtie degrees of northerly latitude from the
+equinoctiall line and five and fortie degrees of the same latitude and
+in the maine lande betweene the same fower and thirtie and five and
+fourtie degrees, and the ilandes thereunto adjacente or within one
+hundred miles of the coaste thereof;
+
+    [Footnote 1: Throughout, this and the following two names
+    are spelled as "Wingfield," "Hanham," and "Gilbert" in
+    Stith.]
+
+And to that ende, and for the more speedy accomplishemente of theire
+saide intended plantacion and habitacion there, are desirous to devide
+themselves into two severall colonies and companies, the one consisting
+of certaine Knightes, gentlemen, marchanntes and other adventurers of
+our cittie of London, and elsewhere, which are and from time to time
+shalbe joined unto them which doe desire to begin theire plantacions and
+habitacions in some fitt and conveniente place between fower and thirtie
+and one and fortie degrees of the said latitude all alongest the coaste
+of Virginia and coastes of America aforesaide; and the other consisting
+of sondrie Knightes, gentlemen, merchanntes, and other adventurers of
+our citties of Bristoll and Exeter, and of our towne of Plymouthe, and
+of other places which doe joine themselves unto that colonie which doe
+desire to beginn theire plantacions and habitacions in some fitt and
+convenient place betweene eighte and thirtie degrees and five and fortie
+degrees of the saide latitude all alongst the saide coaste of Virginia
+and America as that coaste lieth;
+
+Wee, greately commending and graciously accepting of theire desires to
+the furtherance of soe noble a worke which may, by the providence of
+Almightie God, hereafter tende to the glorie of His Divine Majestie in
+propagating of Christian religion to suche people as yet live in
+darkenesse and miserable ignorance of the true knoweledge and worshippe
+of God and may in tyme bring the infidels and salvages living in those
+parts to humane civilitie and to a setled and quiet govermente, doe by
+theise our lettres patents graciously accepte of and agree to theire
+humble and well intended desires;
+
+And doe, therefore, for us, our heires and successors, grannte and agree
+that the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sumers, Richarde Hackluit
+and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, adventurers of and for our cittie of
+London, and all suche others as are or shalbe joined unto them of that
+Colonie, shalbe called the Firste Colonie, and they shall and may
+beginne theire saide firste plantacion and seate of theire firste aboade
+and habitacion at anie place upon the saide coaste of Virginia or
+America where they shall thincke fitt and conveniente betweene the saide
+fower and thirtie and one and fortie degrees of the saide latitude; and
+that they shall have all the landes, woods, soile, groundes, havens,
+ports, rivers, mines, mineralls, marshes, waters, fishinges, commodities
+and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the said first seate of theire
+plantacion and habitacion by the space of fiftie miles of Englishe
+statute measure all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America
+towardes the weste and southe weste as the coaste lieth, with all the
+islandes within one hundred miles directlie over againste the same sea
+coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens, ports,
+rivers, mines, mineralls, woods, marrishes [marshes], waters, fishinges,
+commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the saide place of
+theire firste plantacion and habitacion for the space of fiftie like
+Englishe miles, all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America
+towardes the easte and northeaste [or toward the north] as the coaste
+lieth, together with all the islandes within one hundred miles directlie
+over againste the same sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, woodes,
+soile, groundes, havens, portes, rivers, mines, mineralls, marrishes,
+waters, fishinges, commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the
+same fiftie miles everie waie on the sea coaste directly into the maine
+lande by the space of one hundred like Englishe miles; and shall and may
+inhabit and remaine there; and shall and may alsoe builde and fortifie
+within anie the same for theire better safegarde and defence, according
+to theire best discrecions and the direction of the Counsell of that
+Colonie; and that noe other of our subjectes shalbe permitted or
+suffered to plante or inhabit behinde or on the backside of them
+towardes the maine lande, without the expresse licence or consente of
+the Counsell of that Colonie thereunto in writing firste had or
+obtained.
+
+And wee doe likewise for us, our heires and successors, by theise
+presentes grannte and agree that the saide Thomas Hannam and Raleighe
+Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and all others of the towne
+of Plymouthe in the countie of Devon, or elsewhere, which are or shalbe
+joined unto them of that Colonie, shalbe called the Seconde Colonie; and
+that they shall and may beginne theire saide firste plantacion and seate
+of theire first aboade and habitacion at anie place upon the saide
+coaste of Virginia and America, where they shall thincke fitt and
+conveniente, betweene eighte and thirtie degrees of the saide latitude
+and five and fortie degrees of the same latitude; and that they shall
+have all the landes, soile, groundes, havens, ports, rivers, mines,
+mineralls, woods, marishes, waters, fishinges, commodities and
+hereditaments whatsoever, from the firste seate of theire plantacion and
+habitacion by the space of fiftie like Englishe miles, as is aforesaide,
+all alongeste the saide coaste of Virginia and America towardes the
+weste and southwest, or towardes the southe, as the coaste lieth, and
+all the islandes within one hundred miles directlie over againste the
+saide sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens,
+portes, rivers, mines, mineralls, woods, marishes, waters, fishinges,
+commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the saide place of
+theire firste plantacion and habitacion for the space of fiftie like
+miles all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America towardes the
+easte and northeaste or towardes the northe, as the coaste liethe, and
+all the islandes alsoe within one hundred miles directly over againste
+the same sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens,
+ports, rivers, woodes, mines, mineralls, marishes, waters, fishings,
+commodities and hereditaments whatsoever, from the same fiftie miles
+everie waie on the sea coaste, directlie into the maine lande by the
+space of one hundred like Englishe miles; and shall and may inhabit and
+remaine there; and shall and may alsoe builde and fortifie within anie
+the same for theire better saufegarde according to theire beste
+discrecions and the direction of the Counsell of that Colonie; and that
+none of our subjectes shalbe permitted or suffered to plante or inhabit
+behinde or on the backe of them towardes the maine lande without the
+expresse licence or consente of the Counsell of that Colonie, in writing
+thereunto, firste had and obtained.
+
+Provided alwaies, and our will and pleasure herein is, that the
+plantacion and habitacion of suche of the saide Colonies as shall laste
+plante themselves, as aforesaid, shall not be made within one hundred
+like Englishe miles of the other of them that firste beganne to make
+theire plantacion, as aforesaide.
+
+  [Illustration: Photo by T. L. Williams
+  King James I
+  from the painting by Paul Van Somer]
+
+And wee doe alsoe ordaine, establishe and agree for [us], our heires and
+successors, that eache of the saide Colonies shall have a Counsell which
+shall governe and order all matters and causes which shall arise, growe,
+or happen to or within the same severall Colonies, according to such
+lawes, ordinannces and instructions as shalbe in that behalfe, given and
+signed with our hande or signe manuell and passe under the Privie Seale
+of our realme of Englande; eache of which Counsells shall consist of
+thirteene parsons[2] and to be ordained, made and removed from time to
+time according as shalbe directed and comprised in the same
+instructions; and shall have a severall seale for all matters that shall
+passe or concerne the same severall Counsells, eache of which seales
+shall have the Kinges armes engraven on the one side there of and his
+pourtraiture on the other; and that the seale for the Counsell of the
+saide Firste Colonie shall have engraven rounde about on the one side
+theise wordes: Sigillum Regis Magne Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie; on
+the other side this inscripture rounde about: Pro Consillio Prime
+Colonie Virginie. And the seale for the Counsell of the saide Seconde
+Colonie shall alsoe have engraven rounde about the one side thereof the
+foresaide wordes: Sigillum Regis Magne Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie;
+and on the other side: Pro Consilio Secunde Colonie Virginie.
+
+    [Footnote 2: _i.e._, "persons"]
+
+And that alsoe ther shalbe a Counsell established here in Englande which
+shall in like manner consist of thirteen parsons to be, for that
+purpose, appointed by us, our heires and successors, which shalbe called
+our Counsell of Virginia; and shall from time to time have the superior
+managing and direction onelie of and for all matters that shall or may
+concerne the govermente, as well of the said severall Colonies as of and
+for anie other parte or place within the aforesaide precinctes of fower
+and thirtie and five and fortie degrees abovementioned; which Counsell
+shal in like manner have a seale for matters concerning the Counsell [or
+Colonies] with the like armes and purtraiture as aforesaide, with this
+inscription engraven rounde about the one side: Sigillum Regis Magne
+Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie; and rounde about the other side: Pro
+Consilio Suo Virginie.
+
+And more over wee doe grannte and agree for us, our heires and
+successors, that the saide severall Counsells of and for the saide
+severall Colonies shall and lawfully may by vertue hereof, from time to
+time, without interuption of us, our heires or successors, give and take
+order to digg, mine and searche for all manner of mines of goulde,
+silver and copper, as well within anie parte of theire saide severall
+Colonies as of the saide maine landes on the backside of the same
+Colonies; and to have and enjoy the goulde, silver and copper to be
+gotten there of to the use and behoofe of the same Colonies and the
+plantacions thereof; yeilding therefore yerelie to us, our heires and
+successors, the fifte parte onelie of all the same goulde and silver and
+the fifteenth parte of all the same copper soe to be gotten or had, as
+is aforesaid, and without anie other manner of profitt or accompte to be
+given or yeilded to us, our heires or successors, for or in respecte of
+the same.
+
+And that they shall or lawfullie may establishe and cawse to be made a
+coine, to passe currant there betwene the people of those severall
+Colonies for the more ease of traffique and bargaining betweene and
+amongest them and the natives there, of such mettall and in such manner
+and forme as the same severall Counsells there shall limitt and
+appointe. And wee doe likewise for us, our heires and successors, by
+theise presents give full power and auctoritie to the said Sir Thomas
+Gates, Sir George Sumers, Richarde Hackluit, Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde,
+Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and
+to everie of them, and to the saide severall Companies, plantacions and
+Colonies, that they and everie of them shall and may at all and everie
+time and times hereafter have, take and leade in the saide voyage, and
+for and towardes the saide severall plantacions and Colonies, and to
+travell thitherwarde and to abide and inhabit there in everie of the
+saide Colonies and plantacions, such and somanie of our subjectes as
+shall willinglie accompanie them, or anie of them, in the saide voyages
+and plantacions, with sufficiente shipping and furniture of armour,
+weapon, ordonnance, powder, victall, and all other thinges necessarie
+for the saide plantacions and for theire use and defence there: provided
+alwaies that none of the said parsons be such as hereafter shalbe
+speciallie restrained by us, our heires or successors.
+
+Moreover, wee doe by theise presents, for us, our heires and successors,
+give and grannte licence unto the said Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George
+Sumers, Richarde Hackluite, Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, Thomas Hannam,
+Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and to everie of
+the said Colinies, that they and everie of them shall and may, from time
+to time and at all times for ever hereafter, for theire severall
+defences, incounter or expulse, repell and resist, aswell by sea as by
+lande, by all waies and meanes whatsoever, all and everie suche parson
+and parsons as without espiciall licence of the said severall Colonies
+and plantacions shall attempte to inhabit within the saide severall
+precincts and limitts of the saide severall Colonies and plantacions, or
+anie of them, or that shall enterprise or attempt at anie time hereafter
+the hurte, detrimente or annoyance of the saide severall Colonies or
+plantacions.
+
+Giving and grannting by theise presents unto the saide Sir Thomas Gates,
+Sir George Somers, Richarde Hackluite, and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde,
+and theire associates of the said Firste Colonie, and unto the said
+Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and
+theire associates of the saide Second Colonie, and to everie of them
+from time to time and at all times for ever hereafter, power and
+auctoritie to take and surprize by all waies and meanes whatsoever all
+and everie parson and parsons with theire shipps, vessels, goods and
+other furniture, which shalbe founde traffiqueing into anie harbor or
+harbors, creeke, creekes or place within the limitts or precincts of the
+saide severall Colonies and plantacions, not being of the same Colonie,
+untill such time as they, being of anie realmes or dominions under our
+obedience, shall paie or agree to paie to the handes of the Tresorer of
+the Colonie, within whose limitts and precincts theie shall soe
+traffique, twoe and a halfe upon anie hundred of anie thing soe by them
+traffiqued, boughte or soulde; and being stranngers and not subjects
+under our obeysannce, untill they shall paie five upon everie hundred of
+suche wares and commoditie as theie shall traffique, buy or sell within
+the precincts of the saide severall Colonies wherein theie shall soe
+traffique, buy or sell, as aforesaide; which sommes of money or
+benefitt, as aforesaide, for and during the space of one and twentie
+yeres nexte ensuing the date hereof shalbe whollie imploied to the use,
+benefitt and behoofe of the saide severall plantacions where such
+trafficque shalbe made; and after the saide one and twentie yeres ended
+the same shalbe taken to the use of us, our heires and successors by
+such officer and minister as by us, our heires and successors shalbe
+thereunto assigned or appointed.
+
+And wee doe further, by theise presentes, for us, our heires and
+successors, give and grannte unto the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George
+Sumers, Richarde Hachluit, and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, and to theire
+associates of the saide Firste Colonie and plantacion, and to the saide
+Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and
+theire associates of the saide Seconde Colonie and plantacion, that
+theie and everie of them by theire deputies, ministers and factors may
+transport the goods, chattells, armor, munition and furniture, needfull
+to be used by them for theire saide apparrell, defence or otherwise in
+respecte of the saide plantacions, out of our realmes of Englande and
+Irelande and all other our dominions from time to time, for and during
+the time of seaven yeres nexte ensuing the date hereof for the better
+releife of the said severall Colonies and plantacions, without anie
+custome, subsidie or other dutie unto us, our heires or successors to be
+yeilded or paide for the same.
+
+Alsoe wee doe, for us, our heires and successors, declare by theise
+presentes that all and everie the parsons being our subjects which shall
+dwell and inhabit within everie or anie of the saide severall Colonies
+and plantacions and everie of theire children which shall happen to be
+borne within the limitts and precincts of the said severall Colonies and
+plantacions shall have and enjoy all liberties, franchises and immunites
+within anie of our other dominions to all intents and purposes as if
+they had been abiding and borne within this our realme of Englande or
+anie other of our saide dominions.
+
+Moreover our gracious will and pleasure is, and wee doe by theise
+presents, for us, our heires and successors, declare and sett forthe,
+that if anie parson or parsons which shalbe of anie of the said Colonies
+and plantacions or anie other, which shall trafficque to the saide
+Colonies and plantacions or anie of them, shall at anie time or times
+hereafter transporte anie wares, marchandize or commodities out of [any]
+our dominions with a pretence and purpose to lande, sell or otherwise
+dispose the same within anie the limitts and precincts of anie of the
+saide Colonies and plantacions, and yet nevertheles being at the sea or
+after he hath landed the same within anie of the said Colonies and
+plantacions, shall carrie the same into any other forraine countrie with
+a purpose there to sell or dispose of the same without the licence of
+us, our heires or successors in that behalfe first had or obtained, that
+then all the goods and chattels of the saide parson or parsons soe
+offending and transporting, together with the said shippe or vessell
+wherein suche transportacion was made, shall be forfeited to us, our
+heires and successors.
+
+Provided alwaies, and our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby
+declare to all Christian kinges, princes and estates, that if anie
+parson or parsons which shall hereafter be of anie of the said severall
+Colonies and plantacions, or anie other, by his, theire, or anie of
+theire licence or appointment, shall at anie time or times hereafter
+robb or spoile by sea or by lande or doe anie acte of unjust and
+unlawfull hostilitie to anie the subjects of us, our heires or
+successors, or anie of the subjects of anie king, prince, ruler,
+governor or state being then in league or amitie with us, our heires or
+successors, and that upon suche injurie or upon juste complainte of such
+prince, ruler, governor or state or their subjects, wee, our heires or
+successors, shall make open proclamation within anie the ports of our
+realme of Englande, commodious for that purpose, that the saide parson
+or parsons having committed anie such robberie or spoile shall, within
+the terme to be limitted by suche proclamations, make full restitucion
+or satisfaction of all suche injuries done, soe as the saide princes or
+others soe complained may houlde themselves fully satisfied and
+contented; and that if the saide parson or parsons having committed such
+robberie or spoile shall not make or cause to be made satisfaction
+accordingly with[in] such time soe to be limitted, that then it shalbe
+lawfull to us, our heires and successors to put the saide parson or
+parsons having committed such robberie or spoile and theire procurers,
+abbettors or comfortors out of our allegeannce and protection; and that
+it shalbe lawefull and free for all princes and others to pursue with
+hostilitie the saide offenders and everie of them and theire and everie
+of theire procurers, aiders, abbettors and comforters in that behalfe.
+
+And finallie wee doe, for us, our heires and successors, grannte and
+agree, to and with the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sumers,
+Richarde Hackluit and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, and all other of the
+saide Firste Colonie, that wee, our heires or successors, upon peticion
+in that behalfe to be made, shall, by lettres patents under the Greate
+[Seale] of Englande, give and grannte unto such parsons, theire heires
+and assignees, as the Counsell of that Colonie or the most part of them
+shall for that purpose nomminate and assigne, all the landes, tenements
+and hereditaments which shalbe within the precincts limitted for that
+Colonie, as is aforesaid, to be houlden of us, our heires and successors
+as of our mannor of Eastgreenwiche in the countie of Kente, in free and
+common soccage onelie and not in capite.
+
+And doe, in like manner, grannte and agree, for us, our heires and
+successors, to and with the saide Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberd,
+William Parker and George Popham, and all others of the saide Seconde
+Colonie, that wee, our heires [and] successors, upon petition in that
+behalfe to be made, shall, by lettres patentes under the Great Seale of
+Englande, give and grannte unto such parsons, theire heires and
+assignees, as the Counsell of that Colonie or the most parte of them
+shall for that purpose nomminate and assigne, all the landes, tenementes
+and hereditaments which shalbe within the precinctes limitted for that
+Colonie as is afore said, to be houlden of us, our heires and successors
+as of our mannor of Eastgreenwich in the countie of Kente, in free and
+common soccage onelie and not in capite.
+
+All which landes, tenements and hereditaments soe to be passed by the
+saide severall lettres patents, shalbe, by sufficient assurances from
+the same patentees, soe distributed and devided amongest the undertakers
+for the plantacion of the said severall Colonies, and such as shall make
+theire plantacion in either of the said severall Colonies, in such
+manner and forme and for such estates as shall [be] ordered and sett
+[downe] by the Counsell of the same Colonie, or the most part of them,
+respectively, within which the same lands, tenements and hereditaments
+shall ly or be. Althoughe expresse mencion [of the true yearly value or
+certainty of the premises, or any of them, or of any other gifts or
+grants, by us or any our progenitors or predecessors, to the aforesaid
+Sir Thomas Gates, Knt. Sir George Somers, Knt. Richard Hackluit,
+Edward-Maria Wingfield, Thomas Hanham, Ralegh Gilbert, William Parker,
+and George Popham, or any of them, heretofore made, in these presents,
+is not made; or any statute, act, ordnance, or provision, proclamation,
+or restraint, to the contrary hereof had, made, ordained, or any other
+thing, cause, or matter whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.] In
+witnesse wherof [we have caused these our letters to be made patents;]
+witnesse our selfe at Westminister the xth day of Aprill [1606, in the
+fourth year of our reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of
+Scotland the nine and thirtieth.]
+
+                   [Lukin]
+
+         Exactum per breve de private sigillo [etc.]
+
+P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1709; Stith, Appendix, pp. 1-8;
+Hening's _Statutes_, Vol. I, pp. 57-66.
+
+
+
+
+ARTICLES, INSTRUCTIONS AND ORDERS
+
+
+
+
+NOVEMBER 20, 1606
+
+
+    Articles, instructions and orders made, sett down and
+    established by us the twentieth day of November, in the year
+    of our raigne of England, France and Ireland the fourth and
+    of Scotland the fortieth, for the good order and government
+    of the two several Colonies and plantations to be made by
+    our loving subjects in the country commonly called Virginia
+    and America, between 34 and 45 degrees from the aequinoctial
+    line.
+
+Wheras wee, by our letters pattents under our Great Seale of England
+bearing date att Westminster the tenth day of Aprill in the year of our
+raigne of England, France and Ireland the fourth and of Scotland the
+39th, have given lycence to sundry our loving subjects named in the said
+letters pattents, and to their associates, to deduce and conduct two
+several Collonies or plantations of sundry our loving people willing to
+abide and inhabit in certaine parts of Virginia and America, with divers
+preheminences, priviledges, authorities and other things, as in and by
+the same letters pattents more particularly it appeareth; wee, according
+to the effect and true meaning of the same letters pattents, doe by
+these presents, signed with our hand, signe manuel and sealed with our
+Privy Seale of our realme of England, establish and ordaine that our
+trusty and welbeloved Sir William Wade, Knight, our Lieutanant of our
+Tower of London; Sir Thomas Smith, Knight; Sir Walter Cope, Knight; Sir
+George Moor, Knight; Sir Francis Popeham, Knight; Sir Ferdinando Gorges,
+Knight; Sir John Trevor, Knight; Sir Henry Montague, Knight, Recorder of
+the citty of London; Sir William Rumney, Knight; John Dodderidge, Esq.,
+Solliciter General; Thomas la Warr, Esq.; John Eldred, of the citty of
+London, merchant; Thomas James, of the citty of Bristol, merchant; and
+James Bagge, of Plymouth, in the county of Devonshire, merchant; shall
+be our Councel for all matters which shall happen in Virginia or any the
+territories of America between 34 and 45 degrees from the aequinoctial
+line northward and the islands to the several Collonies limitted and
+assigned; and that they shal be called the King's Councel of Virginia,
+which Councel or the most part of them shal have full power and
+authority att our pleasure, in our name and under us, our heires and
+successors, to give directions to the Councels of the several Colonies
+which shal be within any part of the said country of Virginia and
+America within the degrees first above mentioned, with the islands
+aforesaid, for the good government of the people to be planted in those
+parts and for the good ordering and disposing of all causes happening
+within the same (and the same to be done for the substance thereof as
+neer to the common lawes of England and the equity thereof as may be)
+and to passe under our scale app[ointed][3] for that Councel, which
+Councel and every or any of them shall from time to [time] be increased,
+altered or changed and others put in their places att the [nomi]nation
+of us, our heires and successors and att our and their will and
+plea[sure]; and the same Councel of Virginia or the more part of them,
+for the time bei[ng], shall nominate and appoint the first several
+Councellours of those several Councells which are to be appointed for
+those two several Colonies whi[ch are] to be made plantations in
+Virginia and America between the degrees [before] mentioned, according
+to our said letters pattents in that behalfe made; and that each of the
+same Councels of the same several Colonies shal, by the major part of
+them, choose one of the same Councel, not being the minister of God's
+word, to be President of the same Councel and to continue in that office
+by the space of one whole year, unlesse he shall in the mean time dye or
+be removed from that office; and wee doe further hereby establish &
+ordaine that it shal be lawful for the major part of either of the said
+Councells, upon any just cause, either absence or otherwise, to remove
+the President or any other of that Councel from being either President
+or any of that Councel, and upon the deathes or removal of any of the
+Presidents or Councel it shal be lawfull for the major part of that
+Councel to elect another in the place of the party soe dying or removed,
+soo alwaies as they shal not be above thirteen of either of the said
+Councellours; and wee doe establish & ordaine that the President shal
+not continue in his office of Presidentship above the space of one year;
+and wee doe especially ordaine, charge and require the said Presidents
+and Councells and the ministers of the said several Colonies
+respectively, within their several limits and precincts, that they with
+all diligence, care and respect doe provide that the true word and
+service of God and Christian faith be preached, planted and used, not
+only within every of the said several Colonies and plantations but alsoe
+as much as they may amongst the salvage people which doe or shall
+adjoine unto them or border upon them, according to the doctrine, rights
+and religion now professed and established within our realme of England;
+and that they shall not suffer any person or persons to withdrawe any of
+the subjects or people inhabiting or which shall inhabit within any of
+the said several Colonies and plantations from the same or from their
+due allegiance unto us, our heires and successors, as their immediate
+soveraigne under God; and if they shall find within any of the said
+Colonies and plantations any person or persons soe seeking to withdrawe
+any of the subjects of us, our heires or successors, or any of the
+people of those lands or territories within the precincts aforesaid,
+they shall with all diligence him or them soe offending cause to be
+apprehended, arrested and imprisoned until he shall fully and throughly
+reforme himselfe, or otherwise, when the cause soe requireth, that he
+shall withall convenient speed be sent into our realme of England, here
+to receive condigne punishment for his or their said offence or
+offences; and moreover wee doe hereby ordaine and establish for us, our
+heires and successors that all the lands, tenements and hereditaments to
+be had and enjoyed by any of our subjects with the precincts aforesaid
+shal be had and inherited and injoyed according as in the like estates
+they be had & enjoyed by the lawes within this realme of England; and
+that the offences of tumults, rebellion, conspiracies, mutiny and
+seditions in those parts which maybe dangerous to the estates there,
+together with murther, manslaughter, incest, rapes and adulteries
+committed in those parts within the precincts of any the degrees above
+mentioned (and noe other offences) shal be punished by death, and that
+without the benefit of the clergy except in case of manslaughter, in
+which clergie is to be allowed; and that the said several Presidents and
+Councells and the greater number of them within every of the several
+limits and precincts shall have full power and authority to hear and
+determine all and every the offences aforesaid within the precinct of
+their several Colonies, in manner and forme following, that is to say,
+by twelve honest and indifferent persons sworne upon the Evangelists, to
+be returned by such ministers and officers, as every of the said
+Presidents and Councells, or the most part of them respectively, shall
+assigne; and the twelve persons soe returned and sworne shall, according
+to their evidence to be given unto them upon oath and according to the
+truth in their consciences, either convict or acquit every of the said
+persons soe to be accused & tried by them; and that all and every person
+or persons which shall voluntarily confesse any of the said offences to
+be committed by him shall, upon such his confession thereof, be
+convicted of the same as if he had been found guilty of the same by the
+verdict of any such twelve jurors, as is aforesaid; and that every
+person and persons which shall be accused of any of the said offences
+and which shall stand mute or refusing to make direct answer thereunto,
+shall be and be held convicted of the said offence as if he had been
+found guilty by the verdict of such twelve jurors, as aforesaid; and
+that every person and persons soe convicted either by verdict, his own
+confession or by standing mute or by refusing directly to answer as
+aforesaid of any of the offences before mentioned, the said Presidents
+or Councells, or the greatest number of them within their several
+precincts and limitts where such conviction shall be had and made, as
+aforesaid, shall have full power and authority by these presents to give
+judgment of death upon every such offended [offender] without the
+benefit of the clergy, except only in cause of manslaughter, and noe
+person soe adjudged, attainted or condemned shall be reprived from the
+execution of the said judgment without the consent of the said President
+and Councel, or the most part of them by whom such judgment shall be
+given; and that noe person shal receive any pardon or be absolutely
+discharged of any the said offences for which he shall be condemned to
+death, as aforesaid, but by pardon of us, our heires and successors,
+under the Great Seale of England; and wee doe in like manner establish
+and ordaine if any either of the said Collonies shall offend in any of
+the offences before mentioned, within any part between the degrees
+aforesaid, out of the precincts of his or their Collony, that then every
+such offender or offenders shall be tried and punished as aforesaid
+within his or their proper Colony; and that every the said Presidents
+and Councells, within their several limits and precincts and the more
+part of them, shall have power and authority by these presents to hear
+and determine all and every other wrongs, trespasses, offences and
+misdemeanors whatsoever, other than those before mentioned, upon
+accusation of any person and proofe thereof made by sufficient witnesse
+upon oath; and that in all those cases the said President and Councel,
+and the greater number of them, shall have power and authority by these
+presents respectively, as is aforesaid, to punish the offender or
+offenders, either by reasonable corporal punishment and imprisonment or
+else by a convenient fine, awarding damages, or other satisfaction to
+the party grieved, as to the said President & Councel or to the more
+part of them shall be thought fitt and convenient, having regard to the
+quality of the offence or state of the cause; and that alsoe the said
+President & Councel shall have power and authority by virtue of these
+presents to punish all manner of excesse, through drunkennesse or
+otherwaies, and all idle, loytering and vagrant persons which shall be
+found within their several limits and precincts, according to their best
+discretions and with such convenient punishment as they or the most part
+of them shall think fitt; alsoe our will and pleasure [is], concerning
+the judicial proceedings aforesaid, that the same shall be made and done
+summarily and verbally without writing until it come to the judgment or
+sentence, and yet, neverthelesse, our will and pleasure is that every
+judgment and sentence hereafter to be given in any of the causes
+aforesaid, or in any other of the said several Presidents and Councells
+or the greater number of them within their several limits and precincts,
+shall be breifely and summarily registred into a book to be kept for
+that purpose, together with the cause for which the said judgment or
+sentence was given; and that the said judgment and sentence soe
+registered and written shall be subscribed with the hands or names of
+the said President and Councel or such of them as gave the judgment or
+sentence; alsoe our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby establish
+and ordaine that the said several Collonies and plantations, and every
+person and persons of the same, severally and respectively, shall within
+every of their several precincts for the space of five years next after
+their first landing upon the said coast of Virginia and America, trade
+together all in one stocke, or devideably but in two or three stocks att
+the most, and bring not only all the fruits of their labours there but
+alsoe all such other goods and commodities which shall be brought out of
+England or any other place into the same Collonies, into severall
+magazines or storehouses for that purpose to be made and erected there,
+and that in such order, manner and form as the Councel of that Collony
+or the more part of them shall sett downe and direct; and our will and
+pleasure is and wee doe in like manner ordaine that in every of the said
+Collonies and plantations there shall be chosen three, elected yearely
+by the President and Councell of every of the said several Colonies and
+plantations or the more part of them: one person of the same Colony and
+plantation to be Treasurer or Cape-merchant of the same Colony and
+plantation to take the charge and mannageinge of all such goods, wares
+and commodities which shall be brought into or taken out of the several
+magazines or storehouses, the same Treasurer or Cape-merchant to
+continue in his office by the space of one whole year next after his
+said election, unless he shall happen to dye within the said year or
+voluntarily give over the same or be removed for any just or reasonalbe
+cause; and that thereupon the same President and Councell or the most
+part of them shall have power and authority to elect him again or any
+other or others in his room or stead to continue in the same office as
+aforesaid; and that alsoe there shall be two or more persons of good
+discretion within every of the said Colonies and plantations elected and
+chosen yearely, during the said terme of five years, by the President
+and Councel of the same Collony or the most part of them respectively
+within their several limits and precincts, the one or more of them to
+keep a book in which shall be registred and entred all such goods, wares
+and merchandizes as shall be received into the several magazines or
+storehouses within that Colony, being appointed for that purpose, and
+the other to keep a like book wherein shall be registred all goods,
+wares and merchandizes which shall issue or be taken out of any the
+several magazines or storehouses of that Collony, which clarks shall
+continue in their said places but att the will of the President and
+Councel of that Colony whereof he is, or of the major part of them; and
+that every person of every the said several Colonies and plantations
+shall be furnished with all necessaries out of those several magazines
+or storehouses which shall belong to the said Colony and plantation in
+which that person is, for and during the terme and time of five yeares
+by the appointment, direction and order of the President and Councell
+there, or of the said Cape-merchant and two clerks or of the most part
+of them within the said several limits and precincts of the said
+Colonies and plantations; alsoe our will and pleasure is and wee doe
+hereby ordain that the adventurers of the said First Colony and
+plantation shall and may during the said terme of five years elect and
+choose out of themselves one or more Companies, each Company consisting
+of three persons att the least who shall be resident att or neer London,
+or such other place and places as the Councel of the Colony for the time
+being, or the most part of them, during the said five years shall think
+fitt, who shall there from time to time take charge of the trade and
+accompt of all such goods, wares, merchandizes and other things which
+shall be sent from thence to the Company of the same Colony or
+plantation in Virginia, and likewise of all such wares, goods and
+merchandizes as shall be brought from the said Colony or plantation unto
+that place within our realme of England, and of all things concerning
+the mannaging of the affaires and profits concerning the adventurors of
+that Company which shall soe passe out of or come into that place or
+port; and likewise our will and pleasure is that the adventurors in the
+said Second Colony and plantation shall and may, during the said terme
+of five years, elect out of themselves one or more Companies, each
+Company consisting of three persons att the least who shall be resident
+att or near Plymouth in our county of Devon within our realme of
+England, and att such one, two or three other places or ports as the
+Councel of that Colony or the most part of them shall think fitt, who
+shall there from time to time take care and charge of the trade &
+accompt of all such goods, wares, merchandizes and other things which
+shall be sent from thence to the same Colony and plantation in Virginia,
+and likewise of all such goods, wares and merchandizes as shall be
+brought from the said Colony and plantation in Virginia into our realme
+of England, and of all things concerning the mannaging of the affaires
+and profits of the adventurors of that Company; alsoe our will and
+pleasure is that noe person or persons shall be admitted into any of the
+said Colonies and plantations, there to abide and remaine, but such as
+shall take not only the usual oath of obedience to us, our heires and
+successors; but alsoe the oath which is limitted in the last session of
+Parliament, holden at Westminster in the fourth year of our raigne, for
+their due obedience unto us, our heires and successors, that the trade
+to and from any the Colonies aforesaid may be mannaged to and from such
+ports & places within our realme of England as is before in these
+articles intended, any thing set down heretofore to the contrary
+notwithstanding; and that the said President and Councel of each of the
+said Colonies, and the more part of them respectively, shall and may
+lawfully from time to time constitute, make and ordaine such
+constitutions, ordinances and officers for the better order, government
+and peace of the people of their several Collonies, soe alwaies as the
+same ordinances and constitutions doe not touch any party in life or
+member, which constitutions & ordinances shall stand and continue in
+full force untill the same shall be otherwise altered or made void by
+us, our heires or successors, or our or their Councel of Virginia, soe
+alwaies as the same alterations be such as may stand with and be in
+substance consonant unto the lawes of England or the equity thereof;
+furthermore, our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby determine and
+ordaine that every person and persons being our subjects of every the
+said Collonies and plantations shall from time to time well entreate
+those salvages in those parts and use all good meanes to draw the
+salvages and heathen people of the same several places and of the
+territories and countries adjoining to the true service and knowledge of
+God, and that all just, kind and charitable courses shall be holden with
+such of them as shall conforme themselves to any good and sociable
+traffique and dealing with the subjects of us, our heires and successors
+which shall be planted there, whereby they may be the sooner drawne to
+the true knowledge of God and the obedience of us, our heires and
+successors under such severe paines and punishments as shal be inflicted
+by the same several Presidents and Councells of the said several
+Colonies, or the most part of them, within their several limits and
+precincts, on such as shall offend therein or doe the contrary; and that
+as the said territories and countries of Virginia and America within the
+degrees aforesaid shall from time to time increase in plantation by our
+subjects, wee, our heires and successors will, ordaine and give such
+order and further instructions, lawes, constitutions and ordinances for
+the better rule, order and government of such as soe shall make
+plantations there as to us, our heires and successors shall from time to
+time be thought fitt & convenient, which alwaies shall be such as may
+stand with or be in substance consonant unto the lawes of England or the
+equity thereof; and lastly wee doe ordaine and establish for us, our
+heires and successors that such oath shall be taken by each of our
+Councellors here for Virginia, concerning their place and office of
+Councell, as by the Privy Councell of us, our heires and successors of
+this our realme of England shall be in that behalf limited & appointed;
+and that each Councellor of the said Colonies shall take such oath for
+the execution of their place and office of Councel as by the Councel of
+us, our heires and successors here in England, for Virginia, shall in
+that behalfe be limited and appointed; and aswell those several articles
+and instructions herein mentioned and contained as alsoe all such as by
+virtue hereof shall hereafter be made and ordained, shall as need shall
+require, by the advice of our Councel here for Virginia be transcripted
+over unto the said several Councells of the said several Colonies under
+the seale to be ordained for our said Councell here for Virginia; In
+witnesses &c.
+
+  [Illustration: GREAT SEAL OF JAMES I.
+  (A.D. 1603-1625.)
+  Photo by T. L. Williams]
+
+Virginia State Library, "Patents, No. 2, 1643-1651"; Hening, Vol. I, pp.
+67-75.
+
+    [Footnote 3: The following words or letters missing from the
+    manuscript have been supplied from the text in Hening.]
+
+
+
+
+ORDINANCE AND CONSTITUTION
+
+
+
+
+MARCH 9, 1607
+
+
+    An ordinance and constitution enlarging the number of our
+    Councel for the two several Colonies and plantations in
+    Virginia and America between 34 and 45 degrees of northerly
+    latitude, and augmenting their authority for the better
+    directing and ordering of such things as shall concerne the
+    said Colonies.
+
+James, by the grace of God, &c. Whereas wee, by our letters patents
+under our Great Seale of England bearing date the tenth day of April
+last past, have given licence to sundry our loving subjects named in the
+said letters patents and to their associates to deduce and conduct two
+several Colonies or plantations of sundry our loving people willing to
+abide and inhabit in certaine parts of Virginia and America with divers
+preheminences, priviledges, authorities and other things, as in and by
+the said letters patents more particularly it appeareth; and whereas
+wee, according to the effect and true meaning of the said letters
+patents, have by a former instrument, signed with our hand and signe
+manuel and sealed with our Privy Seal of our realme of England,
+established and ordained that our trusty and welbeloved Sir William
+Wade, Knight, our Lieutanant of our Tower of London; Sir Thomas Smith,
+Knight; Sir Walter Cope, Knight; Sir George Moor, Knight; Sir Francis
+Popeham, Knight; Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Knight; Sir John Trevor, Knight;
+Sir Henry Montague, Knight, Recorder of our citty of London; Sir William
+Rumney, Knight; John Dodderidge, Esqr., our Solicitor General; Thomas
+Warr, Esq.; John Eldred, of our city of London, merchant; Thomas James,
+of our citty of Bristol, merchant; and James Bagge, of Plymouth in our
+county of Devon, merchant; should be our Councel for all matters which
+should happen in Virginia or any the territories of America aforesaid,
+or any actions, businesse or causes for and concerning the same, which
+Councel is from time to time to be encreased, altered or changed att the
+nomination of us, our heires and successors, and att our and their will
+and pleasure; & whereas our said Councel have found by experience their
+number being but fourteen in all and most of them dispersed by reason of
+their several habitations far and remote the one from the other, and
+many of them in like manner far remote from our citty of London where,
+if need require, they may receive directions from us and our Privy
+Councel and from whence instructions and directions may be by them left
+and more readily given for the said Colonies; that when very needful
+occasion requireth there cannot be any competent number of them by any
+meanes be drawne together for consultation; for remedy whereof our said
+loving subjects of the several Colonies aforesaid have been humble
+suitors unto us and have to that purpose offered to our Royal
+consideration the names of certaine sage and discreet persons, & having
+with like humility entreated us that the said persons, or soe many of
+them as to us should seem good, might be added unto them and might
+(during our pleasure) be of our Councel for the foresaid Colonies of
+Virginia; wee therefore for the better establishing, disposing,
+orderring and directing of the said several Colonies within the degrees
+aforesaid, and of all such affaires, matters and things as shall touch
+and concerne the same, doe, by these presents signed with our hand and
+signe manuel and sealed with our Privy Seale of our realme of England,
+establish and ordaine that our trusty and welbeloved Sir Thomas
+Challonor, Knight; Sir Henry Nevil, Knight; Sir Fulks Grevil, Knight;
+Sir John Scot, Knight; Sir Robert Mansfield, Knight; Sir Oliver Cromwel,
+Knight; Sir Morrice Berkeley, Knight; Sir Edward Michelbourne, Knight;
+Sir Thomas Holcroft, Knight; Sir Thomas Smith, Knight, Clerk of our
+Privy Councel; Sir Robert Kelligrew, Knight; Sir Robert Croft, Knight;
+Sir George Copping, Knight; Sir Edwyn Sandys, Knight; Sir Thomas Row,
+Knight; and Sir Anthony Palmer, Knight; nominated unto us by and on the
+behalfe of the said First Colony; Sir Edward Hungerford, Knight; Sir
+John Mallet, Knight; Sir John Gilbert, Knight; Sir Thomas Freale,
+Knight; Sir Richard Hawkings, Knight; Sir Bartholomew Mitchel, Knight;
+Edward Seamour, Esq.; Bernard Greenville, Esq.; Edward Rogers, Esq.; and
+Matthew Sutcliffe, Doctor of Divinity; nominated to us by and on the
+behalfe of the said Second Colony, shall together with the persons
+formerly named, be our Councel for all matters which shall or may
+conduct to the aforesaid plantations or which shall happen in Virginia
+or any the territories of America between 34 & 45 degrees of northerly
+latitude from the aequinoctial line and the islands to the several
+Colonies limited and assigned, that is to say, the First Colony from 34
+to 41 degrees of the said latitude, and the Second Colony between 38 and
+45 degrees of the said latitude. And our further will and pleasure is,
+and by these presents for us, our heires and successors wee doe grant
+unto our said Councel of Virginia, that they or any twelve of them att
+the least, for the time being, whereof six att the least to be members
+of one of the said Colonies, and six more att the least to be members of
+the other Colony, shall have full power and authority to ordaine,
+nominate, elect and choose any other person or persons att their
+discretion to be and to serve as officer or officers to all offices and
+places that shall by them be thought fitt and requisite for the
+businesse and affaires of our said Councel and concerning the plantation
+or plantations aforesaid, and for the summoning, calling and assembling
+of the said Councel together when need shall require, or for summoning
+and calling before the said Councel any of the adventurors or others
+which shall passe on unto the said several Colonies to inhabit or to
+traffick there, or any other such like officer or officers which in time
+shall or may be found of use, behoofe or importance unto the Councel
+aforesaid. [And the said Council or any twelve of them as is aforesaid
+shall have full power and authority from time to time to continue or to
+alter or change the said officers and to elect and appoint others in
+their roomes and places, to make and ordain acts and ordinances for the
+better ordering, disposing and marshalling of the said several Colonies
+and the several adventurers or persons going to inhabit in the same
+several Colonies, or of any provision or provisions for the same, or for
+the direction of the officers aforesaid, or for the making of them to be
+subordinate or under jurisdiction one of another, and to do and execute
+all and every of their act and things which by any our grants or letters
+patents heretofore made they are warranted or authorised to do or
+execute so as always none of the said acts and ordinances or other
+things be contrary or repugnant to the true intent and meaning of our
+said letters patents granted for the plantation of the said several
+Colonies in Virginia and territories of America as aforesaid, or
+contrary to the laws and statutes in this our realm of England, or in
+derogation of our prerogative royal. Witness ourself at Westminster the
+ninth day of March (1607) in the year of our reign of England, France
+and Ireland the fourth, and of Scotland the fortieth, &c.][4]
+
+Virginia State Library, "Patents, No. 2, 1643-1651"; Hening, Vol. I, pp.
+76-79.
+
+    [Footnote 4: Bracketed passage supplied from text in Hening.]
+
+
+
+
+THE SECOND CHARTER
+
+
+
+
+MAY 23, 1609
+
+
+James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland, France and
+Ireland, defender of the faith, etc.] To all [to whom these presents
+shall come, greeting.]
+
+Whereas, at the humble suite and request of sondrie oure lovinge and
+well disposed subjects intendinge to deduce a colonie and to make
+habitacion and plantacion of sondrie of oure people in that parte of
+America comonlie called Virginia, and other part and territories in
+America either apperteyninge unto us or which are not actually possessed
+of anie Christian prince or people within certaine bound and regions,
+wee have formerly, by oure lettres patents bearinge date the tenth of
+Aprill in the fourth yeare of oure raigne of England, Fraunce, and
+Ireland, and the nine and thirtieth of Scotland, graunted to Sir Thomas
+Gates, Sir George Somers and others, for the more speedie accomplishment
+of the said plantacion and habitacion, that they shoulde devide
+themselves into twoe collonies--the one consistinge of divers Knights,
+gentlemen, merchaunts and others of our cittie of London, called the
+First Collonie; and the other of sondrie Knights, gentlemen and others
+of the citties of Bristoll, Exeter, the towne of Plymouth, and other
+places, called the Seccond Collonie--and have yielded and graunted maine
+and sondrie priviledges and liberties to each Collonie for their quiet
+setlinge and good government therein, as by the said lettres patents
+more at large appeareth.
+
+Nowe, forasmuch as divers and sondrie of oure lovinge subjects, as well
+adventurers as planters, of the said First Collonie (which have alreadie
+engaged them selves in furtheringe the businesse of the said plantacion
+and doe further intende by the assistance of Almightie God to prosecute
+the same to a happie ende) have of late ben humble suiters unto us that,
+in respect of their great chardeges and the adventure of manie of their
+lives which they have hazarded in the said discoverie and plantacion of
+the said countrie, wee woulde be pleased to graunt them a further
+enlargement and explanacion of the said graunte, priviledge and
+liberties, and that suche counsellors and other officers maie be
+appointed amonngest them to manage and direct their affaires [as] are
+willinge and readie to adventure with them; as also whose dwellings are
+not so farr remote from the cittye of London but that they maie at
+convenient tymes be readie at hande to give advice and assistance upon
+all occacions requisite.
+
+We, greatlie affectinge the effectual prosecucion and happie successe of
+the said plantacion and comendinge their good desires theirin, for their
+further encouragement in accomplishinge so excellent a worke, much
+pleasinge to God and profitable to oure Kingdomes, doe, of oure speciall
+grace and certeine knowledge and meere motion, for us, oure heires and
+successors, give, graunt and confirme to oure trustie and welbeloved
+subjects,
+
+  Robert, Earle of Salisburie [Salisbury][5]
+  Thomas, Earle of Suffolke [Suffolk]
+  Henrie, Earle of Southampton
+  William, Earle of Pembroke
+  [Henrie], Earle of Lincolne [Lincoln]
+  Henrie, Earle of Dorsett [Dorset]
+  Thomas, Earle of Exeter
+  Phillipp, Earle of Mountgommery
+  Robert, Lord Vicount Lisle
+  Theophilus, Lord Howard of Walden
+  James Mountague, Lord Bishopp of Bathe and Wells
+  Edward, Lord Zouche
+  Thomas, Lord Lawarr
+  Wiliam, Lord Mounteagle
+  Raphe, Lord Ewre
+  Edmond, Lord Sheffeild [Sheffield]
+  Grey, Lord Shandis [Chandois]
+  [Grey], Lord Compton
+  John, Lord Petre
+  John, Lord Stanhope
+  George, Lord Carew
+  Sir Humfrey Welde, Lord Mayor of London [Weld]
+  George Pertie, Esquire [Percie]
+  Sir Edward Cecill, Knight [Cecil]
+  Sir George Wharton, Knight
+  Frauncis West, Esquire
+  Sir William Waade, Knight [Wade]
+  Sir Henrie Nevill, Knight [Nevil]
+  Sir Thomas Smithe, Knight [Smith]
+  Sir Oliver Cromwell, Knight
+  Sir Peter Manwood, Knight
+  Sir Dru Drurie, Knight [Drury]
+  Sir John Scott, Knight [Scot]
+  Sir Thomas Challouer, Knight [Challoner]
+  Sir Robert Drurie, Knight [Drury]
+  Sir Anthonye Cope, Knight
+  Sir Horatio Veere, Knight [Vere]
+  Sir Edward Conwaie, Knight [Conway]
+  Sir William Browne [Brown]
+  Sir Maurice Barkeley, Knight [Berkeley]
+  Sir Roberte Maunsell, Knight [Mansel]
+  Sir Amias Presou, Knight [Preston]
+  Sir Thomas Gates, Knight
+  Sir Anthonie Ashley, Knight [Ashly]
+  Sir Michaell Sandes, Knight [Sandys]
+  Sir Henrie Carew, Knight [Carey]
+  Sir Stephen Soame, Knight
+  Sir Calisthenes Brooke, Knight
+  Sir Edward Michelborne, Knight [Michelborn]
+  Sir John Racliffe, Knight [Ratcliffe]
+  Sir Charles Willmott, Knight [Wilmot]
+  Sir George Moore, Knight [Moor]
+  Sir Hugh Wirrall, Knight [Wirral]
+  Sir Thomas Dennys, Knight [Dennis]
+  Sir John Hollis, Knight [Holles]
+  Sir William Godolphin, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Monnson, Knight [Monson]
+  Sir Thomas Ridgwaie, Knight [Ridgwine]
+  Sir John Brooke, Knight
+  Sir Roberte Killigrew, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Peyton, Knight
+  Sir Richard Williamson, Knight
+  Sir Ferdinando Weynman, Knight
+  Sir William St. John, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Holcrofte, Knight [Holcroft]
+  Sir John Mallory, Knight
+  Sir Roger Ashton, Knight
+  Sir Walter Cope, Knight
+  Sir Richard Wigmore, Knight
+  Sir William Cooke, Knight [Coke]
+  Sir Herberte Crofte, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Faushawe, Knight [Fanshaw]
+  Sir John Smith, Knight
+  Sir Francis Wolley, Knight
+  Sir Edward Waterhouse, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Sekeford, Knight [Seekford]
+  Sir Edward Saudes, Knight[6] [Edwin Sandys]
+  Sir Thomas Wayneman, Knight [Waynam]
+  Sir John Trevor, Knight
+  Sir Warrwick Heale, Knight [Heele]
+  Sir Robert Wroth, Knight
+  Sir John Townnesende, Knight [Townsend]
+  Sir Christopher Perkins, Knight
+  Sir Daniell Dun, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Hobarte, Knight [Hobart]
+  Sir Franncis Bacon, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Mountague, Knight [Montague]
+  Sir Georg Coppin, Knight
+  Sir Samuell Sandes, Knight [Sandys]
+  Sir Thomas Roe, Knight
+  Sir George Somers, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Freake, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Horwell, Knight [Harwell]
+  Sir Charles Kelke, Knight
+  Sir Baptist Hucks, Knight [Hicks]
+  Sir John Watts, Knight
+  Sir Roberte Carey, Knight
+  Sir William Romney, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Middleton, Knight
+  Sir Hatton Cheeke, Knight
+  Sir John Ogle, Knighte
+  Sir Cavallero Meycot, Knight
+  Sir Stephen Riddlesden, Knight [Riddleson]
+  Sir Thomas Bludder, Knight
+  Sir Anthonie Aucher, Knight
+  Sir Robert Johnson, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Panton, Knight
+  Sir Charles Morgan, Knight
+  Sir Stephen Powle, Knight [Pole]
+  Sir John Burlacie, Knight
+  Sir Christofer Cleane, Knight [Cleave]
+  Sir George Hayward, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Dane, Knight [Davis]
+  Sir Thomas Dutton, Knight [Sutton]
+  Sir Anthonie Forrest, Knight [Forest]
+  Sir Robert Payne, Knight
+  Sir John Digby, Knight
+  Sir Dudley Diggs, Knight [Digges]
+  Sir Rowland Cotton, Knight
+  Doctour Mathewe Rutcliffe [Sutcliffe]
+  Doctor Meddowes [Meadows]
+  Doctor Turner
+  Doctor Poe
+  Captaine Pagnam
+  Captaine Jeffrey Holcrofte
+  Captaine Raunne [Romney]
+  Captaine Henrie Spry
+  Captaine Shelpton [Shelton]
+  Captaine Spark [Sparks]
+  [Captain] Thomas Wyatt [Wyat]
+  Captaine Brinsley
+  Captaine William Courtney
+  Captaine Herbert
+  Captaine Clarke
+  Captaine Dewhurst
+  Captaine John Blundell
+  Captaine Frier [Fryer]
+  Captaine Lewis Orwell
+  Captaine Edward Lloyd [Loyd]
+  Captaine Slingesby
+  Captaine Huntley [Hawley]
+  Captaine Orme
+  Captaine Woodhouse
+  Captaine Mason
+  Captaine Thomas Holcroft
+  Captaine John Cooke [Coke]
+  Captaine Hollis [Holles]
+  Captaine William Proude
+  Captaine Henrie Woodhouse
+  Captaine Richard Lindeley [Lindesey]
+  Captaine Dexter
+  Captaine William Winter
+  Captaine Herle [Pearse]
+  Captain John Bingham
+  Captaine Burray
+  Captaine Thomas Conwey [Conway]
+  Captaine Rookwood
+  Captaine William Lovelace
+  Captaine John Ashley
+  Captaine Thomas Wynne
+  Captaine Thomas Mewtis
+  Captaine Edward Harwood
+  Captaine Michaell Evered [Everard]
+  Captaine Connoth [Comock]
+  Captaine Miles [Mills]
+  Captaine Pigott [Pigot]
+  Captaine Edward Maria Wingfeild [Wingfield]
+  Captaine Christopher Newporte [Newport]
+  Captaine John Siclemore, alias Ratcliffe [Sicklemore]
+  Captaine John Smith
+  Captyn John Martyn [Martin]
+  Captaine Peter Wynne
+  Captaine Waldoe [Waldo]
+  Captyn Thomas Wood
+  Captaine Thomas Button
+  George Bolls, Esquire, Sheriffe of London
+  William Crashawe, [Clerk], Bachelor of Divinite
+  William Seabright, Esquire
+  Christopher Brook, Esquire
+  John Bingley, Esquire
+  Thomas Watson, Esquire
+  Richard Percivall, Esquire [Percival]
+  John Moore, Esquire
+  Hugh Brooker, Esquire
+  David Waterhouse, Esquire [Woodhouse]
+  Anthonie Auther, Esquier [Aucher]
+  Roberte Bowyer, Esquire [Boyer]
+  Raphe Ewens, Esquire
+  Zacharie Jones, Esquire
+  George Calvert, Esquire
+  William Dobson, Esquire
+  Henry Reynold, Esquire [Reynolds]
+  Thomas Walker, Esquire
+  Anthonie Barnars, Esquire
+  Thomas Sandes, Esquire [Sandys]
+  Henrie Sand, Esquire [Sandys]
+  Richard Sand [Sandys]
+  Sonne of Sir Edwin Sandes [Sandys]
+  William Oxenbridge, Esquire
+  John Moore, Esquire
+  Thomas Wilson, Esquire
+  John Bullocke, Esquire [Bullock]
+  John Waller, [Esquire]
+  Thomas Webb
+  Jehughe Robinson
+  William Brewster
+  Robert Evelyn
+  Henrie Dabenie [Danby]
+  Richard Hacklewte, minister [Hackluit]
+  John Eldred, marchaunt [Eldrid]
+  William Russell, marchaunt
+  John Merrick, marchaunt
+  Richard Bannester, merchant [Banister]
+  Charles Anthonie, goldsmithe [Anthony]
+  John Banck [Banks]
+  William Evans
+  Richard Humble
+  Robert Chamberleyne, marchaunt [Richard Chamberlayne]
+  Thomas Barber, marchaunt
+  Richard Pevyrell, merchaunt [Pomet]
+  John Fletcher, merchant
+  Thomas Nicholls, merchant
+  John Stoak, merchaunt [Stoke]
+  Gabriell Archer
+  Franncis Covell [Covel]
+  William Bouham [Bonham]
+  Edward Harrison
+  John Wolstenholme
+  Nicholas Salter
+  Hugh Evans
+  William Barners [Barnes]
+  Otho Mawdett [Mawdet]
+  Richard Staper, marchant
+  John Elkin, marchaunt
+  William Cayse [Coyse]
+  Thomas Perkin, cooper
+  Humfrey Ramell, cooper [Humphrey James]
+  Henry Jackson
+  Roberte Shingleton [Singleton]
+  Christopher Nicholls
+  John Harper
+  Abraham Chamberlaine [Chamberlayne]
+  Thomas Shipton
+  Thomas Carpenter
+  Anthoine Crewe [Crew]
+  George Holman
+  Robert Hill
+  Cleophas Smithe [Smith]
+  Raphe Harrison
+  John Farmer
+  James Brearley
+  William Crosley [Crosby]
+  Richard Cocks [Cox]
+  John Gearinge [Gearing]
+  Richard Strough, iremonnger [Strongarm]
+  Thomas Langton
+  Griffith Hinton
+  Richard Ironside
+  Richard Deane [Dean]
+  Richard Turner
+  William Leveson, mercer [Lawson]
+  James Chatfeilde [Chatfield]
+  Edward Allen [Edward Allen Tedder]
+  Tedder Roberts[7]
+  Heldebrand Sprinson [Robert Hildebrand Sprinson]
+  Arthur Mouse
+  John Gardener [Gardiner]
+  James Russell [Russel]
+  Richard Casewell [Caswell]
+  Richard Evanns [Evans]
+  John Hawkins
+  Richard Kerrill [Kerril]
+  Richard Brooke
+  Mathewe Scrivener, gentleman [Screvener]
+  William Stallendge, gentleman [Stallenge]
+  Arthure Venn, gentleman
+  Saund Webb, gentleman [Sandys Webbe]
+  Michaell Phettiplace, gentleman
+  William Phetiplace, gentleman [Phettiplace]
+  Ambrose Brusey, gentleman [Prusey]
+  John Taverner, gentleman
+  George Pretty, gentleman
+  Peter Latham, gentleman
+  Thomas Monnford, gentleman [Montford]
+  William Cautrell, gentleman [Cantrel]
+  Richard Wiffine, gentleman [Wiffin]
+  Raphe Mooreton, gentleman [Moreton]
+  John Cornellis [Cornelius]
+  Martyn Freeman
+  Raphe Freeman
+  Andreau Moore
+  Thomas White
+  Edward Perkin
+  Robert Offley
+  Thomas Whitley
+  George Pitt [Pit]
+  Roberte Parkehurste [Parkhurst]
+  Thomas Morris
+  Peter Vaulore [Harloe]
+  Jeffrey Duppa
+  John Gilbert
+  William Hancock
+  Mathew Bromrigg [Brown]
+  Francis Tirrell[Tyrrel]
+  Randall Carter
+  Othowell Smithe [Smith]
+  Thomas Honnyman [Hamond]
+  Marten Bonde, haberdasher [Bond]
+  Joan Mousloe [John Moulsoe]
+  Roberte Johnson
+  William Younge [Young]
+  John Woddall [Woodal]
+  William Felgate
+  Humfrey Westwood
+  Richard Champion
+  Henrie Robinson
+  Franncis Mapes
+  William Sambatch [Sambach]
+  Rauley Crashawe [Ralegh Crashaw]
+  Daniell Tucker
+  Thomas Grave
+  Hugh Willestone
+  Thomas Culpepper, of Wigsell, Esquire
+  John Culpepper, gentleman
+  Henrie Lee
+  Josias Kirton, gentleman [Kerton]
+  John Porie, gentleman [Pory]
+  Henrie Collins
+  George Burton
+  William Atkinson
+  Thomas Forrest [Forest]
+  John Russell [Russel]
+  John Houlte [Holt]
+  Harman Harrison
+  Gabriell Beedell [Beedel]
+  John Beedell [Beedel]
+  Henrie Dankes [Dawkes]
+  George Scott [Scot]
+  Edward Fleetewood, gentleman [Fleetwood]
+  Richard Rogers, gentleman
+  Arthure Robinson
+  Robert Robinson
+  John Huntley
+  John Grey [Gray]
+  William Payne
+  William Feilde [Field]
+  William Wattey
+  William Webster
+  John Dingley
+  Thomas Draper
+  Richard Glanvile [Glanvil]
+  Arnolde Lulls [Hulls]
+  Henrie Rowe [Roe]
+  William Moore [More]
+  Nicholas Grice [Gryce]
+  James Monnger [Monger]
+  Nicholas Andrewes [Andrews]
+  Jerome Haydon, iremonnger [Jeremy Haydon]
+  Phillipp Durrant [Philip Durette]
+  John Quales [Quarles]
+  John West
+  Mathew Springeham [Springham]
+  John Johnson
+  Christopher Hore
+  George Barkeley
+  Thomas Sued [Snead]
+  George Barkeley [Berkeley]
+  Arthure Pett [Pet]
+  Thomas Careles
+  William Barkley [Berkley]
+  Thomas Johnson
+  Alexander Bent [Bents]
+  Captaine William Kinge [King]
+  George Sandes, gentleman [Sandys]
+  James White, gentleman
+  Edmond Wynn [Wynne]
+  Charles Towler
+  Richard Reynold
+  Edward Webb
+  Richard Maplesden
+  Thomas Levers [Lever]
+  David Bourne
+  Thomas Wood
+  Raphe Hamer
+  Edward Barnes, mercer
+  John Wright, mercer
+  Robert Middleton
+  Edward Litsfeild [Littlefield]
+  Katherine West
+  Thomas Webb [Web]
+  Raphe Kinge [King]
+  Roberte Coppine [Coppin]
+  James Askewe
+  Christopher Nicholls [Christopher Holt]
+  William Bardwell
+  Alexander Childe [Chiles]
+  Lewes Tate
+  Edward Ditchfeilde [Ditchfield]
+  James Swifte
+  Richard Widdowes, goldesmith
+  Edmonde Brundell[8] [Brudenell]
+  John Hanford [Hansford]
+  Edward Wooller
+  William Palmer, haberdasher
+  John Badger
+  John Hodgson
+  Peter Monnsill [Mounsel]
+  John Carrill [Carril]
+  John Busbridge [Bushridge]
+  William Dunn [Dun]
+  Thomas Johnson
+  Nicholas Benson
+  Thomas Shipton
+  Nathaniell Wade
+  Randoll Wettwood [Wetwood]
+  Mathew Dequester
+  Charles Hawkins
+  Hugh Hamersley
+  Abraham Cartwright
+  George Bennett [Bennet]
+  William Cattor [Cater]
+  Richard Goddart
+  Henrie Cromwell
+  Phinees Pett [Pet]
+  Roberte Cooper[9]
+  Henrie Neite [Newce]
+  Edward Wilks [Wilkes]
+  Roberte Bateman
+  Nicholas Farrar
+  John Newhouse
+  John Cason
+  Thomas Harris, gentleman
+  George Etheridge, gentleman
+  Thomas Mayle, gentleman
+  Richard Stratford [Stafford]
+  Thomas
+  Richard Cooper
+  John Westrowe [Westrow]
+  Edward Welshe [Welch]
+  Thomas Brittanie [Britain]
+  Thomas Knowls [Knowles]
+  Octavian Thorne
+  Edmonde Smyth [Smith]
+  John March
+  Edward Carew
+  Thomas Pleydall
+  Richard Lea [Let]
+  Miles Palmer
+  Henrie Price
+  John Josua, gentleman [Joshua]
+  William Clawday [Clauday]
+  Jerome Pearsye
+  John Bree, gentleman
+  William Hampson
+  Christopher Pickford
+  Thomas Hunt
+  Thomas Truston
+  Christopher Lanman [Salmon]
+  John Haward, clerke [Howard]
+  Richarde Partridge
+  Allen Cotton [Cassen]
+  Felix Wilson
+  Thomas Colethurst [Bathurst]
+  George Wilmer
+  Andrew Wilmer
+  Morrice Lewellin
+  Thomas Jedwin [Godwin]
+  Peter Burgoyne
+  Thomas Burgoyne
+  Roberte Burgoyne
+  Roberte Smithe, merchauntaylor [Smith]
+  Edward Cage, grocer
+  Thomas Canon, gentleman [Cannon]
+  William Welby, stacioner
+  Clement Wilmer, gentleman
+  John Clapham, gentleman
+  Giles Fraunces, gentleman [Francis]
+  George Walker, sadler
+  John Swinehowe, stacioner [Swinhow]
+  Edward Bushoppe, stacioner [Bishop]
+  Leonard White, gentleman
+  Christopher Barron [Baron]
+  Peter Benson
+  Richard Smyth [Smith]
+  George Prockter, minister [Proctor]
+  Millicent Ramesden, widowe [Ramsdent]
+  Joseph Soane
+  Thomas Hinshawe [Hinshaw]
+  John Baker
+  Robert Thorneton [Thornton]
+  John Davies [Davis]
+  Edward Facett [Facet]
+  George Nuce, gentleman [Newce]
+  John Robinson
+  Captaine Thomas Wood
+  William Browne, shoemaker [Brown]
+  Roberte Barker, shoemaker
+  Roberte Penington [Pennington]
+  Francis Burley, minister
+  William Quick, grocer
+  Edward Lewes, grocer [Lewis]
+  Laurence Campe, draper
+  Aden Perkins, grocer
+  Richard Shepparde, preacher [Shepherd]
+  William Sheckley, haberdasher [Sherley]
+  William Tayler, haberdasher [Taylor]
+  Edward Lukyn, gentleman [Edwin Lukin]
+  John Francklyn, haberdasher [Franklyn]
+  John Southicke [Southwick]
+  Peter Peate
+  George Johan, iremonnger
+  George Yardley, gentleman [Yeardley]
+  Henrie Shelly [Shelley]
+  John Pratt [Prat]
+  Thomas Church, draper
+  William Powell, gentleman [Powel]
+  Richard Frithe, gentleman [Frith]
+  Thomas Wheeler, draper
+  Franncis Hasilerigg, gentleman [Haselrig]
+  Hughe Shippley, gentleman [Shipley]
+  John Andrewes, thelder, [doctor], of Cambridge [Andrews]
+  Franncis Whistley, gentleman [Whistler]
+  John Vassall, gentleman
+  Richard Howle
+  Edward Barkeley, gentleman [Berkeley]
+  Richard Knerisborough, gentleman [Keneridgburg]
+  Nicholas Exton, draper
+  William Bennett, fishmonger [Bennet]
+  James Hawood, marchaunt [Haywood]
+  Nicholas Isaak, merchaunt [Isaac]
+  William Gibbs, merchannt
+  [William] Bushopp [Bishop]
+  Barnard Michell [Mitchel]
+  Isaake Michell [Isaac Mitchel]
+  John Streat [Streate]
+  Edward Gall
+  John Marten, gentleman [Martin]
+  Thomas Fox
+  Luke Lodge
+  John Woodleefe, gentleman [Woodliffe]
+  Rice Webb [Richard]
+  Vincent Lowe [Low]
+  Samuell Burnam [Burnham]
+  Edmonde Pears, haberdasher
+  Josua Goudge [John Googe]
+  John St. John
+  Edwarde Vaughan
+  William Dunn
+  Thomas Alcock [Alcocke]
+  John Andrewes, the younger, of Cambridge [Andrews]
+  Samuell Smithe [Smith]
+  Thomas Jerrard [Gerrard]
+  Thomas Whittingham
+  William Cannynge [Canning]
+  Paule Caminge [Canning]
+  George Chaudler [Chandler]
+  Henrye Vincent
+  Thomas Ketley
+  James Skelton
+  James Montain [Mountaine]
+  George Webb, gentleman
+  Josephe Newbroughesmith [Joseph Newbridge, smith]
+  Josias Mande [Mand]
+  Raphe Haman, the younger [Hamer]
+  Edward Brewster, the sonne of William Brewster
+  Leonard Harwood, mercer
+  Phillipp Druerdent
+  William Carpenter
+  Tristram Hill
+  Roberte Cock, grocer
+  Laurence Grene, grocer [Greene]
+  Daniell Winche, grocer [Samuel Winch]
+  Humfrey Stile, grocer
+  Averie Dransfeild, grocer [Dransfield]
+  Edwarde Hodges, grocer
+  Edward Beale, grocer[10]
+  Raphe Busby, grocer[11]
+  John Whittingham, grocer
+  John Hide, grocer
+  Mathew Shipperd, grocer [Shepherd]
+  Thomas Allen, grocer
+  Richard Hooker, grocer
+  Laurence Munckas, grocer [Munks]
+  John Tanner, grocer
+  Peter Gate, grocer
+  John Blunt, grocer[12]
+  Roberte Berrisford, grocer[13]
+  Thomas Wells, gentleman[14]
+  John Ellis, grocer
+  Henrie Colthurst, grocer
+  John Cranage, grocer [Cavady]
+  Thomas Jenings, grocer [Jennings]
+  Edmond Peshall, grocer [Pashall]
+  Timothie Bathurst, grocer
+  Gyles Parslowe, grocer[15] [Parslow]
+  Roberte Johnson, grocer [Richard]
+  William Janson, vintener [Johnson]
+  Ezechiell Smith
+  Richard Murrettone [Martin]
+  William Sharpe
+  Roberte Ritche [Rich]
+  William Stannerd, inholder [Stannard]
+  John Stocken
+  William Strachey, gentleman
+  George Farmer, gentleman
+  Thomas Gypes, clothworker
+  Abraham Dawes, gentleman [Davies]
+  Thomas Brockett, gentleman [Brocket]
+  George Bathe, fishmonger [Bache]
+  John Dike, fishmonger
+  Henrie Spranger
+  Richard Farringdon [Farrington]
+  Chistopher Vertue, vintener
+  Thomas Baley, vintener [Bayley]
+  George Robins, vintener
+  Tobias Hinson, grocer
+  Urian Spencer [Vrian]
+  Clement Chachelley [Chicheley]
+  John Searpe, gentleman [Scarpe]
+  James Cambell, iremonnger [Campbell]
+  Christopher Clitherowe, iremonnger [Clitheroe]
+  Phillipp Jacobson
+  Peter Jacobson, of Andwarpe
+  William Barckley [Berkeley]
+  Miles Banck, cutler [Banks]
+  Peter Highley, grocer [Higgons]
+  Henrie John, gentleman
+  John Stoakley, merchauntailor [Stokeley]
+  The companie of mercers
+  The companie of grocers
+  The companie of drapers
+  The company of fishmongers
+  The companie of gouldsmithes
+  The companie of skynners
+  The companie merchauntailors
+  The companie of haberdashers
+  The companie of salters
+  The companie of iremongers
+  The companie of vintners
+  The companie of clothworkers
+  The companie of dyers
+  The companie of bruers
+  The companie of lethersellers
+  The companie of pewterers
+  The companie of cutlers
+  The companie of whitebakers
+  The companie of waxchaundlers
+  The companie of tallowe chaundlers
+  The companie of armorers
+  The companie of girdlers
+  The companie of butchers
+  The companie of sadlers
+  The companie of carpenters
+  The companie of cordwayners
+  The companie of barbor chirurgions
+  The companie of painter stayners
+  The companie of curriers
+  The companie of masons
+  The companie of plumbers
+  The companie of inholders
+  The companie of founders
+  The companie of poulterers
+  The companie of cookes
+  The companie of coopers
+  The companie of tylers and bricklayers
+  The companie of bowyers
+  The companie of fletchers
+  The companie of blacksmithes
+  The companie of joyners
+  The companie of weavers
+  The companie of wollmen
+  The companie of woodmonngers
+  The companie of scrivenors
+  The companie of fruterers
+  The companie of plasterers
+  The companie of brownebakers
+  The companie of stacioners
+  The companie of imbroderers
+  The companie of upholsters
+  The companie of musicions
+  The companie of turners[16]
+  The companie of baskettmakers
+  The companie of glasiers
+  John Levett, merchaunt [Levet]
+  Thomas Nornicott, clothworker [Nornicot]
+  Richard Venn, haberdasher
+  Thomas Scott, gentleman [Scot]
+  Thomas Juxson, merchauntaylor [Juxon]
+  George Hankinson
+  Thomas Leeyer, gentleman [Seyer]
+  Mathew Cooper
+  George Butler, gentleman
+  Thomas Lawson, gentleman
+  Edward Smith, haberdasher
+  Stephen Sparrowe
+  John Jones, merchaunt
+  [John] Reynold, brewer [Reynolds]
+  Thomas Plummer, merchaunt
+  James Duppa, bruer
+  Rowland Coytemore [Coitmore]
+  William Sotherne [Southerne]
+  George Whittmoore, haberdasher [Whitmore]
+  Anthonie Gosoulde, the younger [Gosnold]
+  John Allen, fishemonger
+  Symonde Yeomans, fishmonger [Simon]
+  Launcelot Davis, gentleman
+  John Hopkins, an alderman of Bristoll
+  John Kettlebye, gentleman [Kettleby]
+  Richard Chene, gouldsmithe [Clene]
+  George Hooker, gentleman
+  Roberte Shevinge, yeoman [Chening]
+
+    [Footnote 5: All names in brackets supplied from text in Stith.]
+
+    [Footnote 6: Stith's footnote: "The adventurers names are
+    vastly confused and different in the different M. S. copies
+    of this charter. I chose the two fairest and most correct
+    copies, that I met with, to transcribe from; and altho' they
+    both agree in writing this name, Sir _Edward Sands_, or
+    _Sandis_, yet they are both certainly wrong, as might be
+    easily proved, were it worth while, and would not be too
+    tedious. I was also much puzzled to adjust and set right
+    others of the names; and altho' I was at no small pains in
+    collating the copies, and in consulting and referring to
+    other ancient letters patents and papers, yet I will not
+    affirm that I am not often mistaken. But however erroneous
+    and perplexed the names of the adventurers may be, yet I
+    found the main body, and material parts of the charter, very
+    clear, full, and correct."]
+
+    [Footnote 7: Omitted from Stith.]
+
+    [Footnote 8: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "Edward Burwell."]
+
+    [Footnote 9: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "John Cooper."]
+
+    [Footnote 10: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "Thomas Culler, grocer."]
+
+    [Footnote 11: Name given twice in P. R. O. transcript.]
+
+    [Footnote 12: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "Robert Phips, grocer."]
+
+    [Footnote 13: Name given twice in P. R. O. transcript.]
+
+    [Footnote 14: Stith reads: "Thomas Wells, grocer."]
+
+    [Footnote 15: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "Robert Milmay, grocer."]
+
+    [Footnote 16: Following this Stith adds: "The Company of
+    Gardiners."]
+
+And to such and so manie as they doe or shall hereafter admitt to be
+joyned with them, in forme hereafter in theis presentes expressed,
+whether they goe in their persons to be planters there in the said
+plantacion, or whether they goe not, but doe adventure their monyes,
+goods or chattels, that they shalbe one bodie or communaltie perpetuall
+and shall have perpetual succession and one common seale to serve for
+the saide bodie or communaltie; and that they and their successors
+shalbe knowne, called and incorporated by the name of The Tresorer and
+Companie of Adventurers and Planters of the Citty of London for the
+Firste Collonie in Virginia.
+
+And that they and their successors shalbe from hensforth, forever
+enabled to take, acquire and purchase, by the name aforesaid (licens for
+the same from us, oure heires or successors first had and obtained) anie
+manner of lands, tenements and hereditaments, goods and chattels, within
+oure realme of England and dominion of Wales; and that they and their
+successors shalbe likewise enabled, by the name aforesaid, to pleade and
+to be impleaded before anie of oure judges or justices, in anie oure
+courts, and in anie accions or suits whatsoever.
+
+And wee doe also, of oure said speciall grace, certaine knowledge and
+mere mocion, give, grannte and confirme unto the said Tresorer and
+Companie, and their successors, under the reservacions, limittacions and
+declaracions hereafter expressed, all those lands, countries and
+territories scituat, lieinge and beinge in that place of America called
+Virginia, from the pointe of lande called Cape or Pointe Comfort all
+alonge the seacoste to the northward twoe hundred miles and from the
+said pointe of Cape Comfort all alonge the sea coast to the southward
+twoe hundred miles; and all that space and circuit of lande lieinge from
+the sea coaste of the precinct aforesaid upp unto the lande,
+throughoute, from sea to sea, west and northwest; and also all the
+island beinge within one hundred miles alonge the coaste of bothe seas
+of the precincte aforesaid; togeather with all the soiles, groundes,
+havens and portes, mynes, aswell royall mynes of golde and silver as
+other mineralls, pearles and precious stones, quarries, woods, rivers,
+waters, fishings, comodities, jurisdictions, royalties, priviledges,
+franchisies and preheminences within the said territorie and the
+precincts there of whatsoever; and thereto or there abouts, both by sea
+and lande, beinge or in anie sorte belonginge or appertayninge, and
+which wee by oure lettres patents maie or cann graunte; and in as ample
+manner and sorte as wee or anie oure noble progenitors have heretofore
+graunted to anie companie, bodie pollitique or corporate, or to anie
+adventurer or adventurers, undertaker or undertakers, of anie
+discoveries, plantacions or traffique of, in, or into anie forraine
+parts whatsoever; and in as large and ample manner as if the same were
+herin particulerly mentioned and expressed: to have, houlde, possesse
+and enjoye all and singuler the said landes, countries and territories
+with all and singuler other the premisses heretofore by theis [presents]
+graunted or mencioned to be grannted, to them, the said Tresorer and
+Companie, their successors and assignes, forever; to the sole and proper
+use of them, the said Tresorer and Companie, their successors and
+assignes [forever], to be holden of us, oure heires and successors, as
+of oure mannour of Estgreenewich, in free and common socage and not in
+capite; yeldinge and payinge, therefore, to us, oure heires and
+successors, the fifte parte onlie of all oare of gould and silver that
+from tyme to time, and at all times hereafter, shalbe there gotton, had
+and obtained, for all manner of service.
+
+And, nevertheles, oure will and pleasure is, and wee doe by theis
+presentes chardge, commannde, warrant and auctorize, that the said
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors, or the major parte of them
+which shall be present and assembled for that purpose, shall from time
+to time under their common seale distribute, convey, assigne and set
+over such particuler porcions of lands, tenements and hereditaments, by
+theise presents formerly grannted, unto such oure lovinge subjects
+naturallie borne of denizens, or others, aswell adventurers as planters,
+as by the said Companie, upon a commission of survey and distribucion
+executed and retourned for that purpose, shalbe named, appointed and
+allowed, wherein oure will and pleasure is, that respect be had as well
+of the proporcion of the adventure[r] as to the speciall service,
+hazarde, exploite or meritt of anie person so as to be recompenced,
+advannced or rewarded.
+
+And for as muche as the good and prosperous successe of the said
+plantacion cannot but cheiflie depende, next under the blessinge of God
+and the supporte of oure royall aucthoritie, upon the provident and good
+direccion of the whole enterprise by a carefull and understandinge
+Counsell, and that it is not convenient that all the adventurers shalbe
+so often drawne to meete and assemble as shalbe requisite for them to
+have metings and conference aboute theire affaires, therefore we doe
+ordaine, establishe and confirme that there shalbe perpetually one
+Counsell here resident, accordinge to the tenor of oure former lettres
+patents, which Counsell shall have a seale for the better governement
+and administracion of the said plantacion besides the legall seale of
+the Companie or Corporacion, as in oure former lettres patents is also
+expressed.
+
+And further wee establishe and ordaine that
+
+  Henrie, Earl of Southampton
+  William, Earl of Pembrooke
+  Henrie, Earl of Lincoln
+  Thomas, Earl of Exeter
+  Roberte, Lord Viscounte Lisle
+  Lord Theophilus Howard
+  James, Lord Bishopp of Bathe and Wells
+  Edward, Lord Zouche
+  Thomas, Lord Laware
+  William, Lord Mounteagle
+  Edmunde, Lord Sheffeilde
+  Grey, Lord Shanndoys [Chandois][17]
+  John, Lord Stanhope
+  George, Lord Carew
+  Sir Humfrey Welde, Lord Mayor of London
+  Sir Edward Cecil
+  Sir William Waad [Wade]
+  Sir Henrie Nevill
+  Sir Thomas Smith
+  Sir Oliver Cromwell
+  Sir Peter Manwood
+  Sir Thomas Challoner
+  Sir Henrie Hovarte [Hobart]
+  Sir Franncis Bacon
+  Sir George Coppin
+  Sir John Scott
+  Sir Henrie Carey
+  Sir Roberte Drurie [Drury]
+  Sir Horatio Vere
+  Sir Eward Conwaye [Conway]
+  Sir Maurice Berkeley [Barkeley]
+  Sir Thomas Gates
+  Sir Michaele Sands [Sandys]
+  Sir Roberte Mansfeild [Mansel]
+  Sir John Trevor
+  Sir Amyas Preston
+  Sir William Godolphin
+  Sir Walter Cope
+  Sir Robert Killigrewe
+  Sir Henrie Faushawe [Fanshaw]
+  Sir Edwyn Sandes [Sandys]
+  Sir John Watts
+  Sir Henrie Montague
+  Sir William Romney
+  Sir Thomas Roe
+  Sir Baptiste Hicks
+  Sir Richard Williamson
+  Sir Stephen Powle [Poole]
+  Sir Dudley Diggs
+  Christopher Brooke, [Esq.]
+  John Eldred, and
+  John Wolstenholme
+
+shalbe oure Counsell for the said Companie of Adventurers and Planters
+in Virginia.
+
+    [Footnote 17: All names in brackets are taken from the text
+    in Stith.]
+
+And the said Sir Thomas Smith wee ordaine to be Tresorer of the said
+Companie, which Tresorer shall have aucthoritie to give order for the
+warninge of the Counsell and sommoninge the Companie to their courts and
+meetings.
+
+And the said Counsell and Tresorer or anie of them shalbe from
+henceforth nominated, chosen, contynued, displaced, chaunged, altered
+and supplied, as death or other severall occasions shall require, out of
+the Companie of the said adventurers by the voice of the greater parte
+of the said Counsell and adventurers in their assemblie for that
+purpose; provided alwaies that everie Councellor so newlie elected
+shalbe presented to the Lord Channcellor of England, or to the Lord
+Highe Treasurer of England, or the Lord Chambleyne of the housholde of
+us, oure heires and successors, for the tyme beinge to take his oathe of
+a Counsellor to us, oure heires and successors, for the said Companie
+and Collonie in Virginia.
+
+And wee doe by theis presents, of oure especiall grace, certaine
+knowledge and meere motion, for us, oure heires and successors, grannte
+unto the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors, that if it
+happen at anie time or times the Tresorer for the tyme beinge to be
+sick, or to have anie such cause of absente from the cittie of London as
+shalbe allowed by the said Counsell or the greater parte of them
+assembled, so as he cannot attende the affaires of that Companie, in
+everie such case it shall and maie be lawfull for such Tresorer for the
+tyme beinge to assigne, constitute and appointe one of the Counsell for
+Companie to be likewise allowed by the Counsell or the greater parte of
+them assembled to be the deputie Tresorer for the said Companie; which
+Deputie shall have power to doe and execute all things which belonge to
+the said Tresorer duringe such tyme as such Tresorer shalbe sick or
+otherwise absent, upon cause allowed of by the said Counsell or the
+major parte of them as aforesaid, so fullie and wholie and in as large
+and ample manner and forme and to all intents and purposes as the said
+Tresorer if he were present himselfe maie or might doe and execute the
+same.
+
+And further of oure especiall grace, certaine knowledge and meere
+mocion, for us, oure heires and successors, wee doe by theis presents
+give and grannt full power and aucthoritie to oure said Counsell here
+resident aswell at this present tyme as hereafter, from time to time, to
+nominate, make, constitute, ordaine and confirme by such name or names,
+stile or stiles as to them shall seeme good, and likewise to revoke,
+dischardge, channge and alter aswell all and singuler governors, oficers
+and ministers which alreadie hath ben made, as also which hereafter
+shalbe by them thought fitt and meedefull to be made or used for the
+government of the said Colonie and plantacion.
+
+And also to make, ordaine and establishe all manner of orders, lawes,
+directions, instructions, formes and ceremonies of government and
+magistracie, fitt and necessarie, for and concerninge the government of
+the said Colonie and plantacion; and the same att all tymes hereafter to
+abrogate, revoke or chaunge, not onely within the precincts of the said
+Colonie but also upon the seas in goeing and cominge to and from the
+said Collonie, as they in their good discrecions shall thinke to be
+fittest for [the] good of the adventurers and inhabiters there.
+
+And we doe also declare that for divers reasons and consideracions us
+thereunto especiallie moving, oure will and pleasure is and wee doe
+hereby ordaine that imediatlie from and after such time as anie such
+governour or principall officer so to be nominated and appointed by oure
+said Counsell for the governement of the said Colonie, as aforesaid,
+shall arive in Virginia and give notice unto the Collonie there resident
+of oure pleasure in this behalfe, the government, power and aucthority
+of the President and Counsell, heretofore by oure former lettres patents
+there established, and all lawes and constitucions by them formerlie
+made, shall utterly cease and be determined; and all officers,
+governours and ministers formerly constituted or appointed shalbe
+dischardged, anie thinge in oure said former lettres patents conserninge
+the said plantacion contayned in aniewise to the contrarie
+notwithstandinge; streightlie chardginge and commaundinge the President
+and Counsell nowe resident in the said Collonie upon their alleadgiance
+after knowledge given unto them of oure will and pleasure by theis
+presentes signified and declared, that they forth with be obedient to
+such governor or governers as by oure said Counsell here resident shalbe
+named and appointed as aforesaid; and to all direccions, orders and
+commandements which they shall receive from them, aswell in the present
+resigninge and giveinge upp of their aucthoritie, offices, chardg and
+places, as in all other attendannce as shalbe by them from time to time
+required.
+
+And wee doe further by theis presentes ordaine and establishe that the
+said Tresorer and Counsell here resident, and their successors or anie
+fower of them assembled (the Tresorer beinge one), shall from time to
+time have full power and aucthoritie to admitt and receive anie other
+person into their companie, corporacion and freedome; and further, in a
+generall assemblie of the adventurers, with the consent of the greater
+parte upon good cause, to disfranchise and putt oute anie person or
+persons oute of the said fredome and Companie.
+
+And wee doe also grannt and confirme for us, oure heires and successors
+that it shalbe lawfull for the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors, by direccion of the Governors there, to digg and to serche
+for all manner of mynes of goulde, silver, copper, iron, leade, tinne
+and other mineralls aswell within the precincts aforesaid as within anie
+parte of the maine lande not formerly graunted to anie other; and to
+have and enjoye the gould, silver, copper, iron, leade, and tinn, and
+all other mineralls to be gotten thereby, to the use and behoofe of the
+said Companie of Planters and Adventurers, yeldinge therefore and
+payinge yerelie unto us, oure heires and successors, as aforesaid.
+
+And wee doe further of oure speciall grace, certaine knowledge and meere
+motion, for us, oure heires and successors, grannt, by theis presents to
+and withe the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors, that it
+shalbe lawfull and free for them and their assignes at all and everie
+time and times here after, oute of oure realme of England and oute of
+all other [our] dominions, to take and leade into the said voyage, and
+for and towards the said plantacion, and to travell thitherwards and to
+abide and inhabite therein the said Colonie and plantacion, all such and
+so manie of oure lovinge subjects, or anie other straungers that
+wilbecomme oure lovinge subjects and live under oure allegiance, as
+shall willinglie accompanie them in the said voyadge and plantation with
+sufficient shippinge, armour, weapons, ordinannce, municion, powder,
+shott, victualls, and such merchaundize or wares as are esteemed by the
+wilde people in those parts, clothinge, implements, furnitures, catle,
+horses and mares, and all other thinges necessarie for the said
+plantation and for their use and defence and trade with the people
+there, and in passinge and retourninge to and from without yeldinge or
+payinge subsedie, custome, imposicion, or anie other taxe or duties to
+us, oure heires or successors, for the space of seaven yeares from the
+date of theis presents; provided, that none of the said persons be such
+as shalbe hereafter by speciall name restrained by us, oure heires or
+successors.
+
+And for their further encouragement, of oure speciall grace and favour,
+wee doe by theis present for us, oure heires and successors, yeild and
+graunte to and with the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors
+and everie of them, their factors and assignes, that they and every of
+them shalbe free and quiett of all subsedies and customes in Virginia
+for the space of one and twentie yeres, and from all taxes and
+imposicions for ever, upon anie goods or merchaundizes at anie time or
+times hereafter, either upon importation thither or exportation from
+thence into oure realme of England or into anie other of oure [realms
+or] dominions, by the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors,
+their deputies, factors [or] assignes or anie of them, except onlie the
+five pound per centum due for custome upon all such good and
+merchanndizes as shalbe brought or imported into oure realme of England
+or anie other of theis oure dominions accordinge to the auncient trade
+of merchannts, which five poundes per centum onely beinge paid, it
+shalbe thensforth lawfull and free for the said Adventurers the same
+goods [and] merchaundizes to export and carrie oute of oure said
+dominions into forraine partes without anie custome, taxe or other duty
+to be paide to us, oure heires or successors or to anie other oure
+officers or deputies; provided, that the saide goods and merchaundizes
+be shipped out within thirteene monethes after their first landinge
+within anie parte of those dominions.
+
+And wee doe also confirme and grannt to the said Tresorer and Companie,
+and their successors, as also to all and everie such governer or other
+officers and ministers as by oure said Counsell shalbe appointed, to
+have power and aucthoritie of governement and commannd in or over the
+said Colonie or plantacion; that they and everie of them shall and
+lawfullie maie from tyme to tyme and at all tymes forever hereafter, for
+their severall defence and safetie, enconnter, expulse, repell and
+resist by force and armes, aswell by sea as by land, and all waies and
+meanes whatsoever, all and everie such person and persons whatsoever as
+without the speciall licens of the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors shall attempte to inhabite within the said severall precincts
+and lymitts of the said Colonie and plantacion; and also, all and everie
+such person and persons whatsoever as shall enterprise, or attempte at
+anie time hereafter, destruccion, invasion, hurte, detriment or
+annoyannce to the said Collonye and plantacion, as is likewise specified
+in the said former grannte.
+
+And that it shalbe lawful for the said Tresorer and Companie, and their
+successors and everie of them, from time to time and at all times
+hereafter, and they shall have full power and aucthoritie, to take and
+surprise by all waies and meanes whatsoever all and everie person and
+persons whatsoever, with their shippes, goods and other furniture,
+traffiquinge in anie harbor, creeke or place within the limitts or
+precincts of the said Colonie and plantacion, [not] beinge[18] allowed
+by the said Companie to be adventurers or planters of the said Colonie,
+untill such time as they beinge of anie realmes or dominions under oure
+obedience shall paie or agree to paie, to the hands of the Tresorer or
+[of] some other officer deputed by the said governors in Virginia (over
+and above such subsedie and custome as the said Companie is or here
+after shalbe to paie) five poundes per centum upon all goods and
+merchaundizes soe brought in thither, and also five per centum upon all
+goods by them shipped oute from thence; and being straungers and not
+under oure obedience untill they have payed (over and above such
+subsedie and custome as the same Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors is or hereafter shalbe to paie) tenn pounds per centum upon
+all such goods, likewise carried in and oute, any thinge in the former
+lettres patents to the contrarie not withstandinge; and the same sommes
+of monie and benefitt as aforesaid for and duringe the space of one and
+twentie yeares shalbe wholie imploied to the benefitt and behoof of the
+said Colonie and plantacion; and after the saide one and twentie yeares
+ended, the same shalbe taken to the use of us, oure heires or
+successors, by such officer and minister as by us, oure heires or
+successors, shalbe thereunto assigned and appointed, as is specified in
+the said former lettres patents.
+
+    [Footnote 18: Stith's footnote: "It is _and being_ in the
+    original; but the sense carried me so clearly to it, that I
+    ventured to make this correction, letting the reader at the
+    same time know it."]
+
+Also wee doe, for us, oure heires and successors, declare by theis
+presents, that all and everie the persons beinge oure subjects which
+shall goe and inhabit within the said Colonye and plantacion, and everie
+of their children and posteritie which shall happen to be borne within
+[any] the lymitts thereof, shall have [and] enjoye all liberties,
+franchesies and immunities of free denizens and naturall subjects within
+anie of oure other dominions to all intents and purposes as if they had
+bine abidinge and borne within this oure kingdome of England or in anie
+other of oure dominions.
+
+And forasmuch as it shalbe necessarie for all such our lovinge subjects
+as shall inhabitt within the said precincts of Virginia aforesaid to
+determine to live togither in the feare and true woorshipp of Almightie
+God, Christian peace and civill quietnes, each with other, whereby
+everie one maie with more safety, pleasure and profitt enjoye that where
+unto they shall attaine with great paine and perill, wee, for us, oure
+heires and successors, are likewise pleased and contented and by theis
+presents doe give and graunte unto the said Tresorer and Companie and
+their successors and to such governors, officers and ministers as
+shalbe, by oure said Councell, constituted and appointed, accordinge to
+the natures and lymitts of their offices and places respectively, that
+they shall and maie from time to time for ever hereafter, within the
+said precincts of Virginia or in the waie by the seas thither and from
+thence, have full and absolute power and aucthority to correct, punishe,
+pardon, governe and rule all such the subjects of us, oure heires and
+successors as shall from time to time adventure themselves in anie
+voiadge thither or that shall at anie tyme hereafter inhabitt in the
+precincts and territorie of the said Colonie as aforesaid, accordinge to
+such order, ordinaunces, constitution, directions and instruccions as by
+oure said Counsell, as aforesaid, shalbe established; and in defect
+thereof, in case of necessitie according to the good discretions of the
+said governours and officers respectively, aswell in cases capitall and
+criminall as civill, both marine and other, so alwaies as the said
+statuts, ordinannces and proceedinges as neere as convenientlie maie be,
+be agreable to the lawes, statutes, government and pollicie of this oure
+realme of England.
+
+And we doe further of oure speciall grace, certeine knowledge and mere
+mocion, grant, declare and ordaine that such principall governour as
+from time to time shall dulie and lawfullie be aucthorised and
+appointed, in manner and forme in theis presents heretofore expressed,
+shall [have] full power and aucthoritie to use and exercise marshall
+lawe in cases of rebellion or mutiny in as large and ample manner as
+oure leiutenant in oure counties within oure realme of England have or
+ought to have by force of their comissions of lieutenancy.
+
+And furthermore, if anie person or persons, adventurers or planters, of
+the said Colonie, or anie other at anie time or times hereafter, shall
+transporte anie monyes, goods or marchaundizes oute of anie [of] oure
+kingdomes with a pretence or purpose to lande, sell or otherwise dispose
+the same within the lymitts and bounds of the said Collonie, and yet
+nevertheles beinge at sea or after he hath landed within anie part of
+the said Colonie shall carrie the same into anie other forraine
+Countrie, with a purpose there to sell and dispose there of that, then
+all the goods and chattels of the said person or persons so offendinge
+and transported, together with the shipp or vessell wherein such
+transportacion was made, shalbe forfeited to us, oure heires and
+successors.
+
+And further, oure will and pleasure is, that in all questions and doubts
+that shall arrise upon anie difficultie of construccion or
+interpretacion of anie thinge contained either in this or in oure said
+former lettres patents, the same shalbe taken and interpreted in most
+ample and beneficiall manner for the said Tresorer and Companie and
+their successors and everie member there of.
+
+And further, wee doe by theis presents ratifie and confirme unto the
+said Tresorer and Companie and their successors all privuleges,
+franchesies, liberties and immunties graunted in oure said former
+lettres patents and not in theis oure lettres patents revoked, altered,
+channged or abridged.
+
+And finallie, oure will and pleasure is and wee doe further hereby for
+us, oure heires and successors grannte and agree, to and with the said
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors, that all and singuler person
+and persons which shall at anie time or times hereafter adventure anie
+somme or sommes of money in and towards the said plantacion of the said
+Colonie in Virginia and shalbe admitted by the said Counsell and
+Companie as adventurers of the said Colonie, in forme aforesaid, and
+shalbe enrolled in the booke or record of the adventurers of the said
+Companye, shall and maie be accompted, accepted, taken, helde and
+reputed Adventurers of the said Collonie and shall and maie enjoye all
+and singuler grannts, priviledges, liberties, benefitts, profitts,
+commodities [and immunities], advantages and emoluments whatsoever as
+fullie, largely, amplie and absolutely as if they and everie of them had
+ben precisely, plainely, singulerly and distinctly named and inserted in
+theis oure lettres patents.
+
+And lastely, because the principall effect which wee cann desier or
+expect of this action is the conversion and reduccion of the people in
+those partes unto the true worshipp of God and Christian religion, in
+which respect wee would be lothe that anie person should be permitted to
+passe that wee suspected to affect the superstitions of the Churche of
+Rome, wee doe hereby declare that it is oure will and pleasure that none
+be permitted to passe in anie voiadge from time to time to be made into
+the saide countrie but such as firste shall have taken the oath of
+supremacie, for which purpose wee doe by theise presents give full power
+and aucthoritie to the Tresorer for the time beinge, and anie three of
+the Counsell, to tender and exhibite the said oath to all such persons
+as shall at anie time be sent and imploied in the said voiadge.
+
+Although expresse mention [of the true yearly value or certainty of the
+premises, or any of them, or of any other gifts or grants, by us or any
+of our progenitors or predecessors, to the aforesaid Treasurer and
+Company heretofore made, in these presents is not made; or any act,
+statute, ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restraint, to the
+contrary hereof had, made, ordained, or provided, or any other thing,
+cause, or matter, whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.] In witnes
+whereof [we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness
+ourself at Westminster, the 23d day of May (1609) in the seventh year of
+our reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of Scotland the ****]
+
+          Per ipsum Regem exactum.
+
+P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1796, 5; Stith, Appendix, pp.
+8-22; Hening, Vol. I, pp. 80-98.
+
+
+
+
+  VIRGINIA COUNCIL. "INSTRUCCIONS
+  ORDERS AND CONSTITUCIONS ...
+  TO SR THOMAS GATES KNIGHT GOVERNOR
+  OF VIRGINIA"
+
+
+
+
+MAY, 1609
+
+
+    Instructions, orders and constitucions by way of advise sett
+    downe, declared and propounded to Sir Thomas Gates, Knight,
+    Governor of Virginia and of the Colony there planted and to
+    be planted, and of all the inhabitants thereof, by us His
+    Majesties Counsell for the direction of the affaires of that
+    countrey for his better disposinge and proceedinge in the
+    government thereof accordinge to the authority and power
+    given unto us by virtue of His Majesties lettres patents.
+
+1. Havinge considered the greate sufficiency and zealous affection which
+you, Sir Thomas Gates, have many waies manifested unto us, and havinge
+therefore by our Commission under our hands and seales constituted and
+ordained you to be the Governor of Virginia, wee His Majesties Counsell
+for that plantacion, have consulted and advised uppon divers
+instructions for your safer and more deliberate proceedinge therein; and
+therefore doe requier and charge you, accordinge to the Comission in
+that behalf directed unto you, presently with all convenient speede to
+take the charge and of our fleete consistinge of eight good shippes and
+one pinnace and of sixe hundred land men to be transported under your
+commaund, and with the first winde to sett saile for Virginia. And in
+your passage thither you shall not land nor touch any of the Kinge of
+Spaines his Dominions quetly possessed, without the leave or licence of
+the governor of such place as you shal by accident or contrary windes be
+forced into. You shall also hold counsell with the masters and pilotts
+and men of the best experience what way is safest and fittest for you to
+take, because we hold it daungerous that you should keepe the old course
+of Dominico and Meins lest you fall into the hand of the Spaniard, who
+may attend in that roade ready to intercept you:
+
+2. When it shall please God that you have safely attained the Kings
+River, and our porte and seate of James Towne in Virginia, wee advise
+you to call by proclamacion into some publique place, all the governors,
+officers, and other His Majesties subjects aswell already seated there
+as transported with you, to whom you shall cause your Commission to be
+directly reade, whereby significacion may be had of His Majesties
+pleasure in establishinge you the Governor of that countrey and
+plantacion, and the President, Councell and Colony there may take notice
+of the revocacion of that fourme of governement by the first lettres
+patents constituted and confirmed, and accordingly yeald due obedience
+unto you, their Governor.
+
+3. You shall demaund then and resume into your hands the former lettres
+pattents and all instruccions & publique instruments given or sent unto
+them and all bookes and records whatsoever of the generall proceedings
+untill this time, and dispose of them in the future accordinge to your
+discrecion.
+
+4. Beinge setled in your government, you shall call unto you, for your
+further advise and graver proceedinge, their principall officers and
+gentlemen whom we do ordaine and appointe to be of the Councell and who
+for earliness of their undertakings and their greate paines and merits
+doe well deserve this honor & respect from us: Sir George Summers,
+Knight, and Admirall of Virginia; Captaine John Smith, nowe President;
+Captaine John Radclif; Captaine Peter Winne, Seirjant Major of the fort;
+Mr. Mathewe Scrivenor, whom out of our good experience of his abilities
+in that kinde we doe name and appointe to be Secretary of that Councell;
+Captaine John Martine; Captaine Richard Waldoe, master of the workes;
+Captaine Woode; and Mr. Fleetwoode, whom we assure ourselves you will
+use with all good respecte in their places and to whome wee expecte that
+you shall give such other preferrements as their former paines have
+deserved, and in all matters of importance we require you to call them
+to consultacion and to proceede therein with their advice; and wee doe
+give further power and authority to you, to give the oathe of Counsellor
+to such as are now named, or any other oathe in the like case,
+accordinge to your direccion. Provided that they shall not have, single
+nor together, anie bindinge or negative voice or power uppon your
+conclusions but doe give you full authority, uppon just occasion to
+sequester any of them from the execucion of any place whatsover, and to
+depute another thereunto untill significacion unto us be here made:
+
+5. You shall have power and authority to dispose and graunte any other
+officer or commaunds whatsoever, either of governement or warr, except
+such as are already disposed of by us to any persons of rancke or merite
+(adventurers beings first regarded), accordinge to your discrecion and
+so discharge or revoke the same or to sequester any so made or
+constituted by us.
+
+6. You shall take principall order and care for the true and reverent
+worship of God that his worde be duely preached and his holy sacraments
+administred accordinge to the constitucions of the Church of England in
+all fundamentall pointes, and his ministers had in due observance and
+respecte agreeable to the dignity of their callinge. And that all
+atheisme, prophanes, popery, or schisme be exemplarily punished to the
+honor of God and to the peace and safety of his Church, over which, in
+this tendernes and infancy, you must be especially solicitous &
+watchefull.
+
+7. You shall, with all propensenes and diligence, endeavour the
+conversion of the natives to the knowledge and worship of the true God
+and their redeemer Christ Jesus, as the most pious and noble end of this
+plantacion, which the better to effect you must procure from them some
+convenient nomber of their children to be brought up in your language
+and manners, and if you finde it convenient, we thinke it reasonable you
+first remove from them their Iniocasockes or Priestes by a surprise of
+them all and detaininge them prisoners, for they are so wrapped up in
+the fogge and miserie of their iniquity and so tirrified with their
+continuall tirrany, chained under the bond of deathe unto the divell
+that while they live amounge them to poison and infecte them their
+mindes, you shall never make any great progres into this glorious worke,
+nor have any civill peace or concurre with them. And in case of
+necessity or conveniency, we pronounce it not crueltie nor breache of
+charity to deale more sharpely with them and to proceede even to dache
+[death?] with these murtherers of soules and sacrificers of God's images
+to the divill, referringe the consideracion of this as a waighty matter
+of important consequence to the circumstances of the busines and place
+in your discrecion.
+
+8. You shall for capitall and criminal justice in case of rebellion and
+mutiny and in all such cases of [provident (?)] necessity, proceede by
+martiall lawe accordinge to your comission as of most dispatch and
+terror and fittest for this governement; and in all other causes of that
+nature as also in all matters of civill justice, you shall finde it
+properest and usefullest for your governement to proceede rather as a
+chauncelor than as a judge, rather uppon the naturall right and equity
+then uppon the nicenes and lettre of the lawe which perplexeth in this
+tender body, rather then dispatcheth all causes so that a summary and
+arbitrary way of justice discreetely mingled with those gravities and
+fourmes of magistracy as shall in your discrecion seeme aptest for you
+and that place, wilbe of most use both for expedicion and for example:
+
+9. You shall for the more regard and respect of your place, to begett
+reverence to your authority and to refresh their mindes that obey the
+gravity of those lawes under which they were borne; at your discrecion
+use such fourmes and ensignes of governement as by our lettres pattents
+wee are enabled to grant unto you; as also the attendance of a guarde
+uppon your person, and in all such like cases you shall have power to
+make, adde or distinguishe any lawes or ordinances at your discrecion
+accordinge to the authority limited in your comission.
+
+10. You shall, for the choice of plantacions observe two generall
+rulles: that you rather seeke to the sun then from it, which is under
+God the first cause both of health and riches; and that such places
+which you resolve to build and inhabite uppon have at the leaste one
+good outlett into the sea & fresh water to the land; that it be a dry
+and wholesome earth and as free from woode as possiblie you may, whereby
+you may have roome to discover about you and unshady ground to plant
+nere you.
+
+11. You must in every plantacion principally provide of your owne a
+common graunge and storehowse of corne, besides that which you will
+obtaine by tribute or trade with the natives.
+
+12. In the distribucion of your men accordinge to these advises and
+relacions which wee have receaved, we advise you to continue the
+plantacion at James Towne with a convenient nomber of men, but not as
+your situacion or citty, because the place is unwholsome and but in the
+marish of Virginia, and to keepe it onely as a fitt porte for your
+shippes to ride before to arive and unlade att; butt neither shall you
+make it your principall storehowse or magazin either of armes, victualls
+or goods, but because it is so accessable with shippinge that an enemy
+may be easily uppon you with all the provision of ordinance and municion
+and it is not to be expected that anie fortificacion there can endure an
+enemy that hath the leasure to sitt downe before it.
+
+13. The place you chose for your principall residence and seate to have
+your catle, provisions of corne, foode, and magazin of other municion
+in, as your greatest strength, trust and retraite, must be removed some
+good distance from any navigable river, except with small boates, by
+which no enemy shall dare to seeke your habitacion; and if in this place
+some good fortificacion be made to which no ordinance can be brought by
+water, if you be provided of victuall, you may dispute possession till a
+straunger be wearied and starved.
+
+14. Above the over falles of the Kinges River it is likely you shall
+finde some convenient place to this purpose whither no enemy with ease
+can approache nor with ordinance at all but by land, with at howe greate
+disadvauntage he shall seeke when he must discover and fight at once
+uppon straightes, in woodes, at foordes, and places of all
+inconveniency, is easy to be considered; besides, you shall have the
+commodity of the braunche of the river to bringe downe your provisions
+from within the land in canooes and smalle boates in the River of
+Chechehounnack, neere unto you and not farre of another navagable
+outlett into the sea by the River of Pamaouke.
+
+15. Foure dayes journey from your forte southewards is a towne called
+Ohonahorn seated where the River of Choanocki devideth it self into
+three braunches and falleth into the sea of Rawnocke in thirtie five
+degrees; this place, if you seeke by Indian guides from James forte to
+Winocke by water, from thence to Manqueocke, some twenty miles from
+thence to Caththega, as much and from thence to Oconahoen, you shall
+finde a brave and fruiteful seate every way unaccessable by a straunger
+enemy, much more abundant in pochon and in the grasse silke called Cour
+del Cherva and in vines, then any parte of this land knowne unto us.
+Here we suppose, if you make your principall and cheife seate, you shall
+doe most safely and richely because you are in the part of the land
+inclined to the southe, and two of the best rivers will supply you;
+besides you are neere to riche copper mines of Ritanoc and may passe
+them by one braunche of this river, and by another, Peccarecamicke,
+where you shall finde foure of the Englishe alive, left by Sir Walter
+Rawely, which escaped from the slaughter of Powhaton of Roanocke, uppon
+the first arrivall of our Colonie, and live under the proteccion of a
+wiroane called Gepanocon, enemy to Powhaton by whose consent you shall
+never recover them; one of these were worth much labour, and if you
+finde them not, yet seach [search?] into this countrey, it is more
+probable then towards the north.
+
+16. These three habitations seeme enoughe for the nomber of the people
+nowe transported, over every one of which you must appointe a discreete
+commaunder that shall sett your men to severall workes accordinge to
+their undertakings in the bookes by which they were receaved; in every
+one of these there must be builte a church and a storehowse and a parte
+of land sett out for corne for the publique and some allotted to the
+care of manuringe and preparinge thereof. In buildinge your towns you
+shall as easily keepe decorous and order as confusion; and so you shall
+prepare for ornament and safety at once, for every streete may answere
+one another and all of them the markett place or storehowse in the midle
+which at the leaste must be paved and made firme and dry.
+
+17. Your enemies can be but of two sortes, straungers and natives; for
+the first, your defence must be uppon advauntage of the place and way
+unto it, for fortes have no other use but that a fewe men may defend and
+dispute their footinge with them against a greater nomber and to winne
+time which, if you can do, a stranger cannot longe abide where he must
+bringe all his releis [relief?] with him, and he shall have no way to
+beseidge you but by blockinge you in and plantinge between you and the
+sea, to which if you have two outeletts he must be very able and
+powerfull that can do it; to prevent this you shall build some small
+forte that may discry the sea neere Cape Comforte, and there hold a
+reasonable garrison and keepe alwaies watch and longe boate that may be
+ready to take the alarum and able to cary away our men, and munition if
+you shall not be able to defend it. Besides it is not safe to lett any
+of the savages dwell betwene you and the sea least they be made guides
+to your enemies. To this commaunde wee desire Captaine Smith may be
+allotted aswell for his earnest desire as the greate confidence & trust
+that we have in his care & diligence.
+
+18. The second enemy is the natives who can no way hurte you but by fire
+or by destroyinge your catle, or hinderinge your workes by stealth or
+your passages in small nombers; and in this sorte of warr there is most
+perill if you be not very carefull, for if they may destroy but one
+harvest or burne your townes in the night they will leave you naked and
+exposed to famine and cold, and convey themselves into wodes where
+revenge wilbe as difficult as unnecessary; to prevent that you must
+keepe good watches in the fielde and suffer none of them to come nere
+your corne in those daungerous seasons; and continuall centinells
+without the walles or uttermost defences in the night; and you must give
+order that your catle be kept in heards waited and attended on by some
+small watch or so enclosed by them selves that they destroy not your
+corne and other seed provisions.
+
+19. For Powhaton and his Weroances it is clere even to reason beside our
+experience that he loved not our neighbourhood and therefore you may no
+way trust him, but if you finde it not best to make him your prisoner
+yet you must make him your tributary, and all other his weroances about
+him first to acknowledge no other lord but Kinge James, and so we shall
+free them all from the tirrany of Powhaton ... uppon them. Every lord of
+a province shall pay you and send you into your forte where you make
+your cheif residence so many measures of corne at every harvest, soe
+many basketts of dye, so many dozens of skins, so many of his people to
+worke weekely, and of every thinge somewhat, accordinge to his
+proporcion in greatenes of territory and men; by which meanes you shall
+quietly drawe to your selves an annuall revenue of every commodity
+growinge in that countrey and this tribute payd to you, for which you
+shall deliver them from the exeacions of Powhaton which are now
+burdensome, and protect and defend them from all their enemies; shall
+also be a meanes of clearinge much ground of wood and of reducing them
+to laboure and trade seinge for this rent onely they shall enjoye their
+howses, and the rest of their travell quietly and many other commodities
+and blessings of which they are yet insensible.
+
+20. If you hope to winne them and to provide for your selves by trade
+you wilbe deceaved, for already your copper is embased by your abundance
+and neglect of prisinge it and they will never feede you but for feare.
+Wherefore, if you perceave that they, uppon your landinge, fly up into
+the countrey and forsake their habitacion, you must seise into your
+custody half there corne and harvest and their Weroances and all other
+their knowne successors at once whom, if you intreate well and educate
+those which are younge and to succeede in the governement in your
+manners and religion, their people will easily obey you and become in
+time civill and Christian.
+
+21. If you make freindship with any of these nations, as you must doe,
+choose to doe it with those that are farthest from you and enemies unto
+those amonge whom you dwell, for you shall have least occasion to have
+differences with them and by that meanes a suerer league of amity, and
+you shalbe suer of their trade partely for covetousnes and to serve
+their owne ends, where the copper is yett in his primary estimacion
+which Pohaton hath hitherto engrossed and partely for feare of
+constrainte. Monocon, to the east and head of our river, Powhatons
+enemy; and the Manahockes, to the northeast to the head of the River of
+Moyompo in the necke of the land to the west betweene our bay and the
+sea; Cathcatapeius, a greater Weroance then he is, also his enemy to the
+Southeast and South--he hath no freinde to the north; the Masawoymekes
+make continuall incursions uppon him and uppon all those that inhabite
+the Rivers of Bolus and Myomps and to the northwest; Pocoughtuwonough
+infecteth him with a terrible warr. With those you may hold trade and
+freindeship good cheape for their emotenes [remoteness?] will prevent
+all offence which must needes happen betweene us and them which we are
+mingled with to the North. At the head bay is a large towne where is
+store of copper and furres called Cataaneon that trade and discovery
+wilbe to greate purpose, if it may be setled yearely.
+
+22. Such trade as you shall finde necessary or profitable for you with
+the Indians you shall endeavour to drawe them to seeke of you and to
+bringe their commodities into your forte, which will greatly ease the
+imployment of many men, and this you may bringe to passe by seeminge to
+make litle estimacion of trade with them and by pretendinge to be so
+able to consist within your selves as that you neede care for nothinge
+of theires, but rather that you doe them a curtesy to spare such
+necessaries as they want as leetle iron tooles, or copper, or the like
+such as are convenient for traffique; and so one officer or two in every
+forte, whom you must onely appointe to be truncmasters, may dispatch the
+whole busines of trade which els will cost you many mens laboures if you
+seeke it far from home. And besides these you must, by proclamacion or
+edicte publiquely affixed, prohibite and forbidd uppon paine or
+punishement of your discrecion all other persons to trade or exchange
+for anythinge but such as shalbe necessarie for foode or clothinge; and
+uppon all such commodities of yours as shall passe away from you
+whatsoever, you must sett prises and values under which the
+trunckemaster must not trade, and so you shalbe such to uphold the
+reputacion of your commodity and to make your traffique rich, desired
+and certaine; over this truncemaster there must be appointed a cape
+merchant or officer belonginge to the store or provision house that must
+deliver by booke all such things as shalbe allowed for trade and receave
+and take an accounte of whatsover is retourned, accordinge to the prises
+therein sett, and so beinge booked must store them up, to the publique
+use of the colony.
+
+23. You must constitute and declare some sharpe lawe with a penaltie
+thereon to restraine the trade of any prohibited goods, especially of
+swordes, pikeheads, gunnes, daggers, or any thinge of iron that may be
+turned against you, and in case of such offence punishe severely; have
+also especially regard that no arte or trade tendinge to armes in any
+wise, as smithey, carpentry, of or such like, be taught the savages or
+used in their presence, as they may learne therein.
+
+24. Havinge deduced your colony into severall seates and plantacions
+that may commodiously answere and receive one another, you must devide
+your people into tennes, twenties, & so upwards, to every necessary
+worke a competent nomber, over every one of which you must appointe some
+man of care and [skill] in that worke to oversee them and to take daily
+accounte of their laboures; and you must ordaine that every overseer of
+such a nomber of workemen deliver once a weeke an accounte of the wholle
+committed to his charge [to] the cheife governor or captaine of the
+fourte; and that they also once a moneth make the like accounte to you
+or your officer and that such goodes or provisions as are advanced or
+gotten above expence may be receaved and entred into the capemarchantes
+booke and so stored and preserved to the publique use of the colony. And
+thus you shall both knowe howe your men are imployed, what they gett &
+where it is, as also the measure of your provision and wealth.
+
+25. For such of your men as shall attend any worke in or nere aboute
+every towne, you shall doe best to lett them eate together at seasonable
+howers in some publique place, beinge messed by sixe or five to a messe,
+in which you must see there bee equality and sufficient that so they may
+come and retourne to their worke without any delay and have no cause to
+complaine of measure or to excuse their idlenes uppon the dressinge or
+want of diett. You may well allowe them three howers in a somers day and
+two in the winter, and shall call them together by ringinge of a bell
+and by the same worne them againe to worke; for such as attend any
+labouer so farre from the forte, as they cannot returne at seasonable
+times, there must be a steward appointed that shall oversee there diett
+and provision, els thoughe you give every one a reasonalbe allowance for
+many dayes some will eate two meales at one & soe:
+
+26. You shall give especiall order to the cheif commaunder of every
+forte that the armes, powder and munition be well stored and looked into
+and that the men be disposed into severall companies for warr and
+captaines appointed over every fifty to traine them at convenient times
+and to teache them the use of their armes and weapons and they may knowe
+whether uppon all occasions and sudden attempts they shall repaire to
+find them in a readines.
+
+27. You must take especiall care what relacions come into England and
+what lettres are written and that all thinges of that nature may be
+boxed up and sealed and sent to first to the Councell here, accordinge
+to a former instruccion unto the late president in that behalf directed;
+and that at the arivall and retourne of every shippinge you endeavour to
+knowe all the particuler passages and informacions given on both sides
+and to advertise us accordingly.
+
+28. Whensoever you consult of any busines of importance, wee advise you
+to consider and deliberate all thinges patiently & willingly and to
+heare every man his oppinion and objeccion, but the resultants out of
+them or your owne determinacion what you intend to doe not to imparte to
+any whatsoever, but to such onely as shall execute it, and to them also
+under the sealle of your commaundement and but at the instant of their
+partinge from you or the execucion of your will.
+
+29. Next after buildinge, husbandry and manuringe the countrey for the
+provision of life and conveniency, wee comend unto your care foure
+principall waies of enrichinge the colonies and providinge returne of
+commodity, of which you must be very solicitouse that our fleetes come
+not home empty nor laden with useles marchandize. The first is discovery
+either of the southe seas or royall mines, in the search of both which
+we must referre you to the circumstances of your peace and your owne
+discrecion; the second is trade whereby you recover all the commodities
+of those countreys that ly far of and yet are accessable by water; the
+third is tribute, by which you shall advaunce parte of what soever the
+next lande can provide you can produce; the fourth is labour of your
+owne men in makinge wines, pitche, tarre, sope, ashes, steele, iron,
+pipestaves, in sowinge of hempe and flaxe, in gatheringe silke of the
+grasse, and providinge the worme and in fishinge for pearle, codd,
+sturgion, and such like.
+
+30. Wee require you to call before you Captaine John Radcliffe and one
+... Webbe who hath complained by peticion delivered unto you of divers
+injuries and insolences done unto him in the governement of the said
+Captaine Radcliffe, and accordingly to heare the cause and doe justice
+in it as you shall finde reason in it your owne discrecion.
+
+31. Whereas suite hath bine made unto us as for the retourne of Richard
+Potts, David Wiffin and Post Ginnet, and sufficient reasons declared to
+move us to graunte the same which hath bine agreed unto by the Councell
+assembled, wee require you to give them their licence to come backe by
+the next shippinge with such condicions or limitacions of retorne or
+otherwise as you shall thinke good.
+
+32. Whereas peticion hath bine made by the friends of John Tavernor,
+capemarchant of the forte and store in Virginia, for his retorne uppon
+some urgent occasion and for some time into England, we require you to
+licence him so to do if it be his desire when you arive there; and we
+doe nominate and appointe Thomas Wittingham into his roome and office,
+beinge one in whose sufficiency and honesty we have greate confidence.
+
+33. There beinge one George Liste, servant to John Woodall and sent over
+by him with a chest of cheurgery sufficiently furnished, we require you
+to give your licence to William Wilson, his fellowe, if the said George
+Liste doe stay with you, to come backe in this passage, the better to
+enfourme us what medicines and drugges are fittest to be provided for
+the use of the colonie against the next supply.
+
+34. You shall be very wary of grantinge freedomes and of givinge your
+sealle to any but uppon good consideracion and greate merite, least you
+make cheape the best way of our recompence; and in those you doe you
+shall give with such limitacions of retorne in reasonable time as in
+your discrecion shall seeme good.
+
+35. If it shall please God that you should dy either in your way or in
+your governement (which his mercy forbid) before other order be taken by
+us therein, wee requier and commaund that the Councell there established
+open a blacke boxe, marked with the figure of one and sealed with our
+sealle, wherein they shall finde our determinacion concerninge the
+successor to the governement; and do, in His Majesties name, charge and
+commaund every person within the precincte of the Colony to give and
+yeild due obedience to him so named and appointed accordinge unto his
+commission unto him, directed as they will aunswere to the contrary at
+their uttermost perill.
+
+36. Wee also requier you, the present Governor & all your successors, to
+keepe secret to your selves, unsealed and unbroken up, all such lettres,
+schedules and instruments and whatsoever wee shall deliver you soe under
+our sealle, especially two blacke boxes with divers markes wherein are
+our commissions in cases of death or other vacacion of the Governor
+untill such time as you shall find your self unlikely to live or
+determined to returne, uppon which occasions wee requier you that they
+be delivered before all the Councell to be opened successively after
+such death or departure out of Virginia of any Governor.
+
+Provided that in all thinges herein contained, except onely the
+succession, wee doe by these our lettres instruccions binde you to
+nothinge so strictely but that uppon due consideracion and good reason,
+and uppon divers circumstances of time and place wherein we cannot here
+conclude, you may in your discrecion departe and dissent from them and
+change, alter or establishe, execute and doe all ordinances or acts
+whatsoever that may best conducte to the glory of God, the honor of our
+Kinge and nation to the good and perfect establishement of our Colony.
+Geven under our hands and Councell sealle the      day of May, in the
+seaventh yeare of His Majesties ragne of England, Fraunce & Ireland and
+Scotland the two and fortithe.
+
+Kingsbury, _Records of the Virginia Company of London_, Vol. III, pp.
+12-24.
+
+
+
+
+  VIRGINIA COUNCIL. "INSTRUCTIONS,
+  ORDERS AND CONSTITUCIONS ... TO ...
+  SIR THOMAS WEST, KNIGHT, LORD LA
+  WARR."
+
+
+
+
+1609/10(?)
+
+
+    Instructions, orders and constitucions by way of advise sett
+    downe, declared, propounded and delivered to the Right
+    Honourable Sir Thomas West, Knight, Lord La Warr, Lord
+    Governor and Capten Generall of Virginea and of the Colonies
+    there planted and to be planted and of all other the
+    inhabitants thereof, by us, His Majesties Counsell for the
+    Companie of Adventurers and Planters in Virginea resident in
+    England under the hands of some of us for the direccion of
+    the affares of that countrey for his better disposinge and
+    proceedinge in the government thereof, according to the
+    authoritie and power given unto us by His Majesties lettres
+    patents in that behalf, together with a copie of certaine of
+    the cheifest instruccions which have bene formerlie given to
+    Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, for his direccion, which coppie we
+    have given to his Lordship to peruse and looke into but
+    leave it to his discretion to use and put them in execution
+    or to beare to be advised or directed by them further then
+    in his owne discretion he shall thinke meete.
+
+We, the said Councell, havinge considered the great & zealous affeccion
+which you, Sir Thomas West, Knight, Lord Lawarr, have many wayes
+manifested unto us and for the furtherance and advaunceinge of the
+plantacion of Virginea have therefore by our commission under the handes
+of some of us, constituted you to be Lord Governor and Captaine Generall
+of Virginea and for your more safe and deliberate proceedinge in your
+goverment there, have advised, constituted & agreed uppon divers
+instructions followinge, vizt:
+
+1. First, we require your Lordship to take into your charge our fleete
+consistinge of three good shippes with the masters, mariners, sailors
+and one hundred and fiftie landmen goinge in them to be transported
+under your commaund with what speed conveniently you maye unto Virginea
+and with the first winde to sett saile for that place and in your
+passage thither not to lande or touche uppon anye of the Kinge of Spaine
+his dominions by him quietly possessed without the licence of the
+governour of such place first obtained, unles by necessitie of winde and
+weather you shalbe forced thereunto; in which passage you shall holde
+councell with the masters, pilates and men of best experience what way
+is safest and fitt for you to take for your arrivinge in Virginea.
+
+2. Your Lordships beinge landed there, we wishe you should (with what
+convenientcy you may by proclamacion made) call into some publique place
+all the governors, officers and other His Majesties subjects, aswell
+already seated there as transported with you, to whom you shall manifest
+your commission and cause it to be publiquely read to them, to the end
+His Majesties pleasure may be knowne as alsoe our choise in
+establishinge your Lordship Governor of Virginea and of the plantacion
+there; and that the President, Counsell and Colony there may take notice
+of our revocacion of all former kindes and formes of goverment,
+constituted or confirmed, and that they accordingely may yeild due
+obedience unto you, theire Lord Governor and Captaine Generall, at which
+time we holde it fitt you tender unto every of them the oath of
+supremacy to be by them taken whereby they shall manifest theire
+obedience and loyaltie to His Majestie and you thereby the better
+assured of theire fidelities as alsoe to be the rather encouraged to
+comitt matter of counsell and charge unto them; att which time alsoe
+your Lordship shall, in our opinions, doe well to give generall
+commaundement that all former private or publique quarels, greivancs or
+grudgs be from thenceforth from amongest them utterly abbandoned and
+forgotten and they willingly embrace peace and love as becommeth
+Christians without discention or hindrance to the common good or quiet.
+
+3. Moreover, your Lordship shall demaunde and resume into your hands all
+former commissions and all instructions and publique instruments given
+or sent unto them and all bookes and records whatsoever of all the
+proceedings untill this time and dispose of all theire offices and
+places in the future accordinge to your discretion; except the office of
+Leiuetennante Governor, which your Lordship is by your commission to
+bestowe upon Sir Thomas Gates, if he shalbe there to execute the same,
+and office of Marshall uppon Sir Thomas Dale, at this cominge thither,
+and the office of Admirall upon Sir George Sumers, if he shalbe there,
+and the office of Viceadmirall upon Capten Newport, he beinge there to
+supplye the said place.
+
+4. Your shippes beinge discharged of theire provision, we wishe that
+they, the seamen and soe manie others as shalbe needfull for that worke,
+be, with what convenient speed you may, employed to theire fishinge for
+sturgeons and other fish; which done we desier your Lordship should make
+up the residue of theire fraight with divers of the best severall
+patternes of the land, commodities that you can gett there havinge
+regarde more to the goodnes and qualitie of them then to the quantity;
+and to retorne the said shippes for England with as quick dispatch as
+you may for easinge of the Companie of Adventurers of the charge both of
+wages of the said shippes, seamen and victualls which they must be att
+untill they retorne.
+
+5. After your Lordship is settled in your governement, we thinke it very
+behofefull that you employ soe many of your people as shalbe needfull in
+sowing, setting and plantinge of corne and such rootes for foode as you
+for your better provision, sustentacion and maintennance shall thinke
+meete to be planted.
+
+6. As touchinge your landmen, we thinke fitt your Lordship should reduce
+them all into severall bandes and companies of fifties or more when you
+thinke good and to committ the charge of them to severall officers and
+captaines to be exercised and trained up in martiall manner and warlike
+discipline.
+
+7. Your Lordship is to take principall order and care for the true
+worship and service of God as by havinge the Gospell preched, frequent
+prayers and the sacraments often administred as becommeth Christians.
+And that such your ministers and preachers as shalbe with you be had in
+due respect agreable to theire dignitie and callinge and that your
+Lordship, with the counsell of your said prechers and ministers, doe, as
+occasion shall be offered, proceede in punishinge of all atheisme,
+prophanisme, popery and scisme by exemplary punishment to the honor of
+God and to the peace and safety of his church over which in this
+tendernes and infancy your Lordship must be especially solicitous and
+watchfull.
+
+8. It is very expedient that your Lordship with all diligence indeavor
+the conversion of the natives and savages to the knowledge and worship
+of the true God and theire redemer Christ Jesus as the most pious and
+noble end of this plantacion; which the better to effecte you are to
+procure from them some of theire children to be brought up in our
+language and manners and, if you finde it convenient, we thinke it
+necesserie you first remove from them the iniococks or priests by a
+surprise of them and detaninge them prisoners and in case they shalbe
+willfull and obstinate then to send over some three or foure of them
+into England, we may endevor theire conversion here.
+
+9. We holde it requisite that your Lordship in causes of civill justice,
+proceede rather as a counsellor then as a judge; that is to saie, rather
+uppon the right and equitie of the thinge in demaunde then uppon the
+nicenes and letter of the lawe, which perplexeth in this tender body
+rather then dispatcheth causes. Soe that a summary and arbitrary way of
+justice, mingled with discreet formes of magistracy as shall in your
+discretion seeme aptest for your Lordship to exercise in that place,
+wilbe of most use both for expedicion and example and for criminall
+causes, you are to deale therein according to your comission and good
+discretion.
+
+10. That your Lordship doe not permitt any shippe or vessell to trade or
+traffique within your precincte to carrie from thence any commodities or
+marchandizes without warrant brought you or sent to your Lordship from
+the Councell for the Company of Adventurers under the Councell seale.
+
+11. We doe require your Lordship that with what possible speed and
+conveniency you may, after you are setled, you appointe a convenient
+number with guides and some discreete commaunder to discover northwest,
+south and southwest, beyonde the faulls ten or twelve dayes journey, and
+that assone as may be your Lordship send unto us the narracion of that
+voyage what rivers, lakes or seas they finde or here of with the
+circumstanc there unto belonginge.
+
+12. If Sir Thomas Gates be there arived and Sir George Sommers and
+Capten Newport, or any of them, that your Lordship doe give unto Sir
+Thomas Gates the place or office of Leiuetennant Governor to your
+Lordship duringe the time of your Lordship and his abode there together,
+and in your Lordships absence he beinge there to be your deputy and
+cheif generall and commaunder of the whole Colonye and Companie, and to
+rule and governe according to suche instructions as your Lordship shall
+limitt and appointe him; and that Sir George Sommers may have the office
+of Cheif Admirall under your Lordship and that Sir Ferdinando Weyneman
+may have the office of Master of the ordinance, and that Capten Newport
+may have the office of Viceadmirall unto your Lordship.
+
+13. Your Lordship must take especiall care what relacions come into
+England and what lettres are written & that all things of that nature
+may be boxed up and sealed and sent first to the Counsell here,
+accordinge to a former instruction unto the late Governor in that behalf
+directed; and that att the arrival and retorne of every shippinge you
+endeavor to knowe all the particuler passages and informacions given on
+both sides and to advertise us accordingly.
+
+14. Last of all, for temporall goverment & perticuler proceedinge in
+your plantacion, in respect of the shortnes of time, we commende unto
+your Lordship the copie of some of the cheifest of the old instruccions
+before mencioned to have bene formerly delivered to Sir Thomas Gates, to
+be used or refused as you shall in your wisdome thinke fitt, neither is
+or meanes to tie your Lordship to the stricte perfourmance of theis newe
+instructions but as occasion of time, place or necessetie shall requir
+your Lordship may doe therein as shall seeme best in your owne
+discretion. Southampton, Pembroke, Philip Mountgomery, Edward Cecill,
+Walter Cope, Dudly Diggs, William Rumney, Thomas Smith, Robert Drewrye,
+Robert Maunsell, Baptist Hicks, Christofer Brooke.
+
+The copie of the old instruccions which were formerly with others
+delivered to Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, att his goinge to Virginea for
+his direccion in his goverment there, and noew are by us, His Majesties
+Councill for the Companie of Adventurers for Virginea, given to the
+Right Honourable, the Lord La Warr to looke into and advise on and at
+his discretion to use [or] forbeare to put them in execucion.
+
+Such of the old instructions which were formerly given to Sir Thomas
+Gates, Knight, and nowe delivered to the Lord La Warre, beginne att the
+ninth instruccion in the articles in thi booke which by waye of advise
+were sett down to the said Sir Thomas Gates and soe are written ontill
+you come to the thirtith instruccion which 30th, 31, 32 & 33
+instructions are not given his Lordship but the 34th is given him, but
+not the 35 nor 36, but the effect of the provisoe followinge is given.
+
+Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 24-29
+
+
+
+
+THE THIRD CHARTER
+
+
+
+
+MARCH 12, 1612
+
+
+James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland, France and
+Ireland, Defender of the Faith;] to all to whom [these presents shall
+come,] greeting. Whereas at the humble suite of divers and sundry our
+lovinge subjects, aswell adventurers as planters of the First Colonie in
+Virginia, and for the propagacion of Christian religion and reclayminge
+of people barbarous to civilitie and humanitie, we have by our lettres
+patent bearing date at Westminster the three and twentieth daie of May
+in the seaventh yeare of our raigne of England, Frannce and Ireland, and
+the twoe and fortieth of Scotland, given and grannted unto them, that
+they and all suche and soe manie of our loving subjects as shold from
+time to time for ever after be joyned with them as planters or
+adventurers in the said plantacion, and their successors for ever, shold
+be one body politique incorporated by the name of The Treasorer and
+Planters of the Cittie of London for the First Colonie in Virginia;
+
+And whereas allsoe for the greater good and benefitt of the said
+Companie and for the better furnishing and establishing of the said
+plantacion we did further [give], grannte and confirme by our said
+lettres patent unto the said Treasorer and Companie and their successors
+for ever, all those landes, contries and territories scituate, lyeing
+and being in that part of America called Virginia, from the point of
+land called Cape [or] Pointe Comfort all along the seacoste to the
+northward twoe hundred miles, and from the said point of Cape Comfort
+all along the seacoste to the sowthward twoe hundred miles, and all the
+space and circuit of land lying from the sea coste of the precinct
+aforesaid up or into the land throughout from sea to sea, west and
+northwest, and allso all the islandes lying within one hundred miles
+along the coast of both the seas of the precinct aforsaid, with diverse
+other grannts, liberties, franchises, preheminences, privileges,
+proffitts, benefitts, and commodities, grannted in and by our said
+lettres patent to the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors,
+for ever:
+
+Now for asmuchas we are given to undestande that in these seas adjoyning
+to the said coast of Virginia and without the compasse of those twoe
+hundred miles by us soe grannted unto the said Treasurer and Companie as
+aforesaid, and yet not farr distant from the said Colony in Virginia,
+there are or may be divers islandes lying desolate and uninhabited, some
+of which are already made knowne and discovered by the industry,
+travell, and expences of the said Company, and others allsoe are
+supposed to be and remaine as yet unknowen and undiscovered, all and
+every of which itt maie importe the said Colony both in safety and
+pollecy of trade to populate and plant, in regard where of, aswell for
+the preventing of perill as for the better comodity and prosperity of
+the said Colony, they have bin humble suitors unto us that we wold be
+pleased to grannt unto them an inlardgement of our said former lettres
+patent, aswell for a more ample extent of their limitts and territories
+into the seas adjoyning to and uppon the coast of Virginia as allsoe for
+some other matters and articles concerning the better government of the
+said Company and Collony, in which point our said former lettres patents
+doe not extende soe farre as time and experience hath found to be
+needfull and convenient:
+
+We, therefore, tendring the good and happy successe of the said
+plantacion both in respect of the generall weale of humane society as in
+respect of the good of our owne estate and kingedomes, and being willing
+to give furtherannt untoall good meanes that may advannce the benefitt
+of the said Company and which maie secure the safety of our loving
+subjects, planted in our said Colony under the favour and protection of
+God Almighty and of our royall power and authority, have therefore of
+our especiall grace, certain knowledge and mere mocion, given, grannted
+and confirmed, and for us, our heires and successors we doe by theis
+presents, give, grannt and confirme unto the said Treasurer and Company
+of Adventurers and Planters of the said Citty of London for the First
+Colony in Virginia, and to their heires and successors for ever, all and
+singuler the said iselandes [whatsoever] scituat and being in anie part
+of the said ocean bordering upon the coast of our said First Colony in
+Virginia and being within three hundred leagues of anie the partes
+hertofore grannted to the said Treasorer and Company in our said former
+lettres patents as aforesaid, and being within or betweene the one and
+fortie and thirty degrees of Northerly latitude, together with all and
+singuler [soils] landes, groundes, havens, ports, rivers, waters,
+fishinges, mines and mineralls, aswell royal mines of gold and silver as
+other mines and mineralls, perles, precious stones, quarries, and all
+and singuler other commodities, jurisdiccions, royalties, priviledges,
+franchises and preheminences, both within the said tract of lande uppon
+the maine and allso within the said iselandes and seas adjoyning,
+whatsoever, and thereunto or there abouts both by sea and land being or
+scituat; and which, by our lettres patents, we maie or cann grannt and
+in as ample manner and sort as we or anie our noble progenitors have
+heretofore grannted to anie person or persons or to anie Companie, bodie
+politique or corporate or to any adventurer or adventurers, undertaker
+or undertakers of anie discoveries, plantacions or traffique, of, in, or
+into anie foreigne parts whatsoever, and in as lardge and ample manner
+as if the same were herein particularly named, mencioned and expressed:
+provided allwaies that the said iselandes or anie the premisses herein
+mencioned and by theis presents intended and meant to be grannted be not
+already actually possessed or inhabited by anie other Christian prince
+or estate, nor be within the bounds, limitts or territories of the
+Northerne Colonie, hertofore by us grannted to be planted by divers of
+our loving subjects in the northpartes of Virginia. To have and to hold,
+possesse and injoie all and singuler the said iselandes in the said
+ocean seas soe lying and bordering uppon the coast or coasts of the
+territories of the said First Colony in Virginia as aforesaid, with all
+and singuler the said soiles, landes and groundes and all and singular
+other the premisses heretofore by theis presents grannted, or mencioned
+to be grannted, to them, the said Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers
+and Planters of the Cittie of London for the First Colonie in Virginia,
+and to their heires, successors and assignes for ever, to the sole and
+proper use and behoofe of them, the said Treasurer and Companie and
+their heires, successores and assignes for ever; to be holden of us, our
+heires and successors as of our mannor of Eastgreenwich, in free and
+common soccage and not in capite, yealding and paying therefore, to us,
+our heires and successors, the fifte part of the oare of all gold and
+silver which shalbe there gotten, had or obteined for all manner of
+services, whatsoever.
+
+And further our will and pleasure is, and we doe by theis presents
+grannt and confirme for the good and welfare of the said plantacion, and
+that posterity maie hereafter knowe whoe have adventured and not bin
+sparing of their purses in such a noble and generous accion for the
+generall good of theire cuntrie, and at the request and with the consent
+of the Companie aforesaid, that our trusty and welbeloved subjects.[19]
+
+    [Footnote 19: Stith gives the following names only: "George,
+    Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Henry, Earl of Huntington,
+    Edward, Earl of Bedford, Richard, Earl of Clanrickard, &c."
+    The following names in brackets are taken from the text in
+    Brown's _Genesis_.]
+
+  George, Lord Archbishopp of Canterbury
+  Gilbert, Earle of Shrewsberry
+  Mary, Countesse of Shrewesbeiry
+  Elizabeth, Countesse of Derby
+  Margarett, Countesse of Comberland
+  Henry, Earle of Huntingdon
+  Edward, Earle of Beddford
+  Lucy, Countesse of Bedford
+  Marie, Countesse of Pembroke
+  Richard, Earle of Clanrickard
+  Lady Elizabeth Graie
+  William, Lord Viscount Cramborne
+  William, Lord Bishopp of Duresme
+  Henry, Lord Bishopp of Worceter
+  John, Lord Bishopp of Oxonford
+  William, Lord Pagett
+  Dudley, Lord North
+  Franncis, Lord Norries
+  William, Lord Knollis
+  John, Lord Harrington
+  Robert, Lord Spencer
+  Edward, Lord Denny
+  William, Lord Cavendishe
+  James, Lord Hay
+  Elianor, Lady Cave [Carre]
+  Maistres Elizabeth Scott, widdow
+  Edward Sackvill, Esquier
+  Sir Henry Nevill, of Aburgavenny, Knight
+  Sir Robert Riche, Knight
+  Sir John Harrington, Knight
+  Sir Raphe Wimwood, Knight
+  Sir John Graie, Knight
+  Sir Henry Riche, Knight
+  Sir Henry Wotton, Knight
+  Peregrine Berly, Esquier [Berty]
+  Sir Edward Phelipps, Knight, Maister of the Rolls
+  Sir Moile Finche, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Mansell, Knight
+  Sir John St. John, Knight
+  Sir Richard Spencer, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Barrington, Knight
+  Sir George Carie of Devonshire, Knight
+  Sir William Twisden, Knight
+  Sir John Leveson, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Walsingham, Knight
+  Sir Edward Care, Knight
+  Sir Arthure Manwaringe, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Jermyn, Knight
+  Sir Valentine Knightley, Knight
+  Sir John Dodderidge, Knight
+  Sir John Hungerford, Knight
+  Sir John Stradling, Knight
+  Sir John Bourchidd, Knight [Bourchier]
+  Sir John Bennett, Knight
+  Sir Samuel Leonard, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Goodwin, Knight
+  Sir Wareham St. Legier, Knight
+  Sir James Scudamore, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Mildmaie, Knight
+  Sir Percivall Harte, Knight
+  Sir Percivall Willoughby, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Leigh, Knight
+  Sir Henry Goodere, Knight
+  Sir John Cutt, Knight
+  Sir James Parrett, Knight
+  Sir William Craven, Knight
+  Sir John Sammes, Knight
+  Sir Carey Raleigh, Knight
+  Sir William Maynard, Knight
+  Sir Edmund Bowyer, Knight
+  Sir William Cornewallis, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Beomont, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Cunningsby, Knight
+  Sir Henry Beddingfeild, Knight
+  Sir David Murray, Knight
+  Sir William Poole, Knight
+  Sir William Throgmorton, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Grantham, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Stewkley, Knight
+  Sir Edward Heron, Knight
+  Sir Ralph Shelten, Knight
+  Sir Lewes Thesam, Knight
+  Sir Walter Aston, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Denton, Knight
+  Sir Ewstace Hart, Knight
+  Sir John Ogle, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Dale, Knight
+  Sir William Boulstrod, Knight
+  Sir William Fleetwood, Knight
+  Sir John Acland, Knight
+  Sir John Hanham, Knight
+  Sir Roberte Meller, Knight [Millor]
+  Sir Thomas Wilford, Knight
+  Sir William Lower, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Lerdes, Knight [Leedes]
+  Sir Franncis Barneham, Knight
+  Sir Walter Chate, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Tracy, Knight
+  Sir Marmaduke Darrell, Knight
+  Sir William Harrys, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Gerrand, Knight
+  Sir Peter Freetchvile, Knight
+  Sir Richard Trevor, Knight
+  Sir Amias Bamfeild
+  Sir William Smith of Essex, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Hewett, Knight
+  Sir Richard Smith, Knight
+  Sir John Heyward, Knight
+  Sir Christopher Harris, Knight
+  Sir John Pettus, Knight
+  Sir William Strode, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Harfleet, Knight
+  Sir Walter Vaughan, Knight
+  Sir William Herrick, Knight
+  Sir Samuell Saltonstall, Knight
+  Sir Richard Cooper, Knight
+  Sir Henry Fane, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Egiok, Knight
+  Sir Robert Edolph, Knight
+  Sir Arthure Harries, Knight
+  Sir George Huntley, Knight
+  Sir George Chute, Knight
+  Sir Robert Leigh, Knight
+  Sir Richard Lovelace, Knight
+  Sir William Lovelace, Knight
+  Sir Robert Yaxley, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Wortley, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Heiborne, Knight
+  Sir Guy Palme, Knight
+  Sir Richard Bingley, Knight
+  Sir Ambrose Turvill, Knight
+  Sir Nicholas Stoddard, Knight
+  Sir William Gree, Knight
+  Sir Walter Coverte, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Eversfeild, Knight
+  Sir Nicholas Parker, Knight
+  Sir Edward Culpeper, Knight
+  Sir William Ayliffe, Knight, and
+  Sir John Keile, Knight
+  Doctor George Mountaine, Dean of Westminster
+  Lawrence Bohan, Docktor in Phisick
+  Anthony Hinton, Doctor in Phisick
+  John Pawlett
+  Arthure Ingram
+  Anthony Irby
+  John Weld
+  John Walter
+  John Harris
+  Anthony Dyott
+  William Ravenscrofte
+  Thomas Warre
+  William Hackwill
+  Lawrence Hide
+  Nicholas Hide
+  Thomas Stevens
+  Franncis Tate
+  Thomas Coventry
+  John Hare
+  Robert Askwith
+  George Sanndys
+  Franncis Jones
+  Thomas Wentworth
+  Henry Cromewell
+  John Arundell
+  John Culpeper
+  John Hoskins
+  Walter Fitz Williams
+  Walter Kirkham
+  William Roscarrock
+  Richard Carmerdon
+  Edward Carne
+  Thomas Merry
+  Nicholas Lichfeild
+  John Middleton
+  John Smithe, and
+  Thomas Smith, the sonnes of Sir Thomas Smith
+  Peter Franke
+  George Gerrand
+  Gregory Sprynte
+  John Drake
+  Roger Puleston
+  Oliver Nicholas
+  Richard Nunnington [Monyngton]
+  John Vaughan
+  John Evelin
+  Lamorock Stradling
+  John Riddall
+  John Kettleby
+  Warren Townsend
+  Lionell Cranfeild
+  Edward Salter
+  William Litton
+  Humfrey May
+  George Thorpe
+  Henry Sandys, and
+  Edwin Sandys, the sonnes of Sir Edwin Sandys
+  Thomas Conway
+  Captaine Owen Gwinn
+  Captaine Giles Hawkridge
+  Edward Dyer
+  Richard Connock
+  Benjamin Brand
+  Richard Leigh, and
+  Thomas Pelham, Esquiers
+  Thomas Digges, and
+  John Digges, Esquiers, the sonnes of Sir Dudley Diggs, Knight
+  Franncis Bradley
+  Richard Buckminster [Buck]
+  Franncis Burley
+  John Procter
+  Alexannder Whitakers
+  Thomas Frake, thelder, and
+  Henry Freake, thelder, Ministers of God's word
+  The mayor and citizens of Chichester
+  The mayor and jurates of Dover
+  The bailiffs, burgesses and comonalty of Ipswich
+  The mayor and comunalty of Lyme Regis
+  The mayor and comonalty of Sandwich
+  The wardens, assistants and companie of the Trinity House
+  Thomas Martin
+  Franncis Smaleman
+  Augustine Steward
+  Richard Tomlins
+  Humfrey Jobson
+  John Legate
+  Robert Backley [Barkley]
+  John Crowe
+  Edward Backley [Barkley]
+  William Flett [Fleet]
+  Henry Wolstenholme
+  Edmund Alleyn
+  George Tucker
+  Franncis Glanville
+  Thomas Gouge
+  John Evelin
+  William Hall
+  John Smithe
+  George Samms
+  John Robinson
+  William Tucker
+  John Wolstenholme, and
+  Henry Wolstenholme, sonnes of John Wolstenholme, Esquier
+  William Hodges
+  Jonathan Mattall [Nuttall]
+  Phinees Pett
+  Captaine John Kinge
+  Captaine William Beck
+  Giles Alington
+  Franncis Heiton, and
+  Samuell Holliland, gentleman
+  Richard Chamberlaine
+  George Chamberlaine
+  Hewett Staper
+  Humfrey Handford
+  Raph Freeman
+  George Twinhoe [Swinhoe]
+  Richard Pigott
+  Elias Roberts
+  Roger Harris
+  Devereux Wogan
+  Edward Baber
+  William Greenewell
+  Thomas Stilles [Shilds]
+  Nicholas Hooker
+  Robert Garsett
+  Thomas Cordell
+  William Bright
+  John Reynold
+  Peter Bartley
+  John Willett
+  Humfry Smithe
+  Roger Dye
+  Nicholas Leate
+  Thomas Wale
+  Lewes Tate
+  Humfrey Merrett
+  Roberte Peake
+  Powell Isaackson
+  Sebastian Viccars
+  Jarvis Mundes
+  Richard Warner
+  Gresham Hogan Warner
+  Daniell Deruley
+  Andrew Troughton
+  William Barrett
+  Thomas Hodges
+  John Downes
+  Richard Harper
+  Thomas Foxall
+  William Haselden
+  James Harrison
+  William Burrell
+  John Hodsall
+  Richard Fishborne
+  John Miller
+  Edward Cooke
+  Richard Hall, marchaunt
+  Richard Hall, ankersmith
+  John Delbridge
+  Richard Francklin
+  Edmund Scott
+  John Britten
+  Robert Stratt
+  Edmund Pond
+  Edward James
+  Robert Bell
+  Richard Herne
+  William Ferrers
+  William Millett
+  Anthony Abdy
+  Roberte Gore
+  Benjamin Decrow
+  Henry Tunberley [Timberly]
+  Humfrey Basse
+  Abraham Speckart
+  Richard Moorer
+  William Compton
+  Richard Poulsoune [Pontsonne]
+  William Wolaston
+  John Desmont, clothier [Beomont]
+  Alexannder Childe
+  William Fald, fishmonger
+  Franncis Baldwin
+  John Jones, marchant
+  Thomas Plomer
+  Edward Plomer, marchants
+  John Stoickden
+  Robert Tindall
+  Peter Erundell
+  Ruben Bourne
+  Thomas Hampton, and
+  Franncis Carter, citizens of London,
+
+whoe since our said last lettres patent are become adventurers and have
+joined themselves with the former adventurers and planters of the said
+Companie and societie, shall from henceforth be reputed, deemed and
+taken to be and shalbe brethren and free members of the Companie and
+shall and maie, respectively, and according to the proportion and value
+of their severall adventures, have, hold and enjoie all suche interest,
+right, title, priviledges, preheminences, liberties, franchises,
+immunities, profitts and commodities whatsoever, in as lardge, ample and
+beneficiall manner to all intents, construccions and purposes as anie
+other adventures nominated and expressed in anie our former lettres
+patent, or anie of them have or maie have by force and vertue of theis
+presents, or anie our former lettres patent whatsoever.
+
+And we are further pleased and we doe by theis presents grannt and
+confirm that[20]
+
+  Phillipp, Earle of Montgomery
+  William, Lord Paget
+  Sir John Harrington, Knight
+  Sir William Cavendish, Knight
+  Sir John Sammes, Knight
+  Sir Samuell Sandys, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Freke, Knight
+  Sir William St. John, Knight
+  Sir Richard Grobham, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Dale, Knight
+  Sir Cavalliero Maycott, Knight
+  Richard Martin, Esquier
+  John Bingley, Esquier
+  Thomas Watson, Esquier, and
+  Arthure Ingram, Esquier,
+
+whome the said Treasurer and Companie have, since the said [last]
+lettres patent, nominated and sett downe as worthy and discreete persons
+fitt to serve us as Counsellors, to be of our Counsell for the said
+plantacion, shalbe reputed, deemed and taken as persons of our said
+Councell for the said First Colonie in such manner and sort to all
+intents and purposes as those whoe have bin formerly ellected and
+nominated as our Counsellors for that Colonie and whose names have bin
+or are incerted and expressed in our said former lettres patent.
+
+    [Footnote 20: Stith gives the following names only: "Philip,
+    Earl of Mongomery, William, Lord Paget, Sir John
+    Starrington, Knt. &c."]
+
+And we doe hereby ordaine and grannt by theis presents that the said
+Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers and Planters, aforesaid, shall and
+maie, once everie weeke or oftener at their pleasure, hold and keepe a
+court and assembly for the better ordening [ordering] and government of
+the said plantacion and such thinges as shall concerne the same; and
+that anie five persons of the said Counsell for the said First Collonie
+in Virginia, for the time being, of which Companie the Treasurer or his
+deputie allwaies to be one, and the nomber of fifteene others at the
+least of the generality of the said Companie assembled together in such
+court or assembly in such manner as is and hath bin heretofore used and
+accustomed, shalbe said, taken, held and reputed to be and shalbe a full
+and sufficient court of the said Companie for the handling, ordring and
+dispatching of all such casuall and particuler occurrences and
+accidentall matters of lesse consequence and waight, as shall from time
+to time happen, touching and concerning the said plantacion.
+
+And that, nevertheles, for the handling, ordring and disposing of
+matters and affaires of great waight and importance and such as shall or
+maie in anie sort concerne the weale publike and generall good of the
+said Companie and plantacion as namely, the manner of government from
+time to time to be used, the ordring and disposing of the said
+possessions and the setling and establishing of a trade there, or such
+like, there shalbe held and kept everie yeare uppon the last Wednesdaie
+save one of Hillary, Easter, Trinity and Michaelmas termes, for ever,
+one great, generall and solemne assembly, which fower severall
+assemblies shalbe stiled and called The Fower Great and Generall Courts
+of the Counsell and Companie of Adventurers for Virginia; in all and
+every of which said great and generall Courts soe assembled our will and
+pleasure is and we doe, for us, our heires and successors forever, give
+and grannt to the said Treasurer and Companie and their successors for
+ever by theis presents, that they, the said Treasurer and Companie or
+the greater nomber of them soe assembled, shall and maie have full power
+and authoritie from time to time and att all times hereafter to ellect
+and choose discreet persons to be of our [said] Counsell for the said
+First Colonie in Virginia and to nominate and appoint such officers as
+theie shall thinke fitt and requisit for the government, managing,
+ordring and dispatching of the affaires of the said Companie; and shall
+likewise have full power and authority to ordaine and make such lawes
+and ordinances for the good and wellfare of the said plantacion as to
+them from time to time shalbe thought requisite and meete: soe allwaies
+as the same be not contrary to the lawes and statutes of this our realme
+of England; and shall in like manner have power and authority to
+expulse, disfranchise and putt out of and from their said Companie and
+societie for ever all and everie such person and persons as having
+either promised or subscribed their names to become adventurers to the
+said plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia, or having bin
+nominated for adventurers in theis or anie our lettres patent or having
+bin otherwise admitted and nominated to be of the said Companie, have
+nevertheles either not putt in anie adventure [at] all for and towards
+the said plantacion or els have refused and neglected, or shall refuse
+and neglect, to bringe in his or their adventure by word or writing
+promised within sixe monthes after the same shalbe soe payable and due.
+
+And wheras the failing and nonpaiment of such monies as have bin
+promised in adventure for the advanncement of the said plantacion hath
+bin often by experience found to be danngerous and prejudiciall to the
+same and much to have hindred the progresse and proceeding of the said
+plantacion; and for that itt seemeth to us a thing reasonable that such
+persons as by their handwriting have engaged themselves for the payment
+of their adventures, and afterwards neglecting their faith and promise,
+shold be compellable to make good and kepe the same; therefore our will
+and pleasure is that in anie suite or suites comenced or to be comenced
+in anie of our courts att Westminster, or elswhere, by the said
+Treasurer and Companie or otherwise against anie such persons, that our
+judges for the time being both in our Court of Channcerie and at the
+common lawe doe favour and further the said suits soe farre forth as law
+and equitie will in anie wise suffer and permitt.
+
+And we doe, for us, our heires and successors, further give and grannt
+to the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors for ever, that
+theie, the said Tresorer and Companie or the greater part of them for
+the time being, so in a full and generall court assembled as aforesaid
+shall and maie, from time to time and att all times hereafter, for ever,
+ellect, choose and permitt into their Company and society anie person or
+persons, as well straungers and aliens borne in anie part beyond the
+seas wheresoever, being in amity with us, as our naturall liedge
+subjects borne in anie our realmes and dominions; and that all such
+persons soe elected, chosen and admitted to be of the said Companie as
+aforesaid shall thereuppon be taken, reputed and held and shalbe free
+members of the said Companie and shall have, hold and enjoie all and
+singuler freedoms, liberties, franchises, priviledges, immunities,
+benefitts, profitts and commodities, whatsoever, to the said Companie in
+anie sort belonging or apperteining as fully, freely [and] amplie as
+anie other adventurer or adventurers now being, or which hereafter att
+anie time shalbe, of the said Companie, hath, have, shall, maie, might
+or ought to have or enjoy the same to all intents and purposes
+whatsoever.
+
+And we doe further of our speciall grace, certaine knowledge and mere
+mocion, for us, our heires and successors, give and grantt to the said
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors, for ever by theis present,
+that itt shalbe lawfull and free for them and their assignes att all and
+everie time and times hereafter, out of anie our realmes and dominions
+whatsoever, to take, lead, carry and transport in and into the said
+voyage and for and towards the said plantacion of our said First
+Collonie in Virginia, all such and soe manie of our loving subjects or
+anie other straungers that will become our loving subjects and live
+under our allegiance as shall willingly accompanie them in the said
+voyage and plantacion; with shipping, armour, weapons, ordinannce,
+munition, powder, shott, victualls, and all manner of merchandizes and
+wares, and all manner of clothing, implement, furniture, beasts,
+cattell, horses, mares, and all other thinges necessarie for the said
+plantacion and for their use and defence, and for trade with the people
+there and in passing and retourning to and froe, without paying or
+yealding anie subsedie, custome or imposicion, either inward or outward,
+or anie other dutie to us, our heires or successors, for the same, for
+the space of seven yeares from the date of theis present.
+
+And we doe further, for us, our heires and successors, give and grannt
+to the said Treasurer and Companie and their successors for ever, by
+theis present, that the said Treasurer of the said Companie, or his
+deputie for the time being or anie twoe others of our said Counsell for
+the said First Colonie in Virginia for the time being, shall and maie
+attall times hereafter and from time to time, have full power and
+authoritie to minister and give the oath and oathes of supremacie and
+allegiannce, or either of them, to all and every person and persons
+which shall, at anie time and times hereafter, goe or passe to the said
+Colonie in Virginia:
+
+And further, that itt shalbe likewise lawfull for the said Tresorer, or
+his deputy for the time, or anie twoe others of our said Counsell for
+the said First Colonie in Virginia, for the time being, from time to
+time and att all times hereafter, to minister such a formall oathe as by
+their discrescion shalbe reasonably devised, aswell unto anie person or
+persons imployed or to be imployed in, for, or touching the said
+plantacion for their honest, faithfull and just dischardge of their
+service in all such matters as shalbe committed unto them for the good
+and benefitt of the said Company, Colonie and plantacion; as alsoe unto
+such other person or persons as the said Treasurer or his deputie, with
+twoe others of the said Counsell, shall thinke meete for the examinacion
+or clearing of the truith in anie cause whatsoever concerninge the said
+plantacion or anie business from thence proceeding or there unto
+proceeding or thereunto belonging.
+
+And, furthermore, whereas we have ben certefied that diverse lewde and
+ill disposed persons, both sailors, souldiers, artificers, husbandmen,
+laborers, and others, having received wages, apparrell or other
+entertainment from the said Company or having contracted and agreed with
+the said Companie to goe, to serve, or to be imployed in the said
+plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia, have afterwards either
+withdrawen, hid or concealed themselves, or have refused to goe thither
+after they have bin soe entertained and agreed withall; and that divers
+and sundry persons allso which have bin sent and imployed in the said
+plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia at and upon the chardge
+of the said Companie, and having there misbehaved themselves by
+mutinies, sedition, and other notorious misdemeanors, or having bin
+employed or sent abroad by the governor of Virginia or his deputie with
+some ship or pinnace for provisions for the said Colonie, or for some
+discoverie or other buisines and affaires concerning the same, have from
+thence most trecherouslie either come back againe and retorned into our
+realme of England by stelth or without licence of our Governor of our
+said Colonie in Virginia for the time being, or have bin sent hither as
+misdoers and offenders; and that manie allsoe of those persons after
+their retourne from thence, having bin questioned by our said Counsell
+here for such their misbehaviors and offences, by their insolent and
+contemptuous carriage in the presence of our said Counsaile, have shewed
+little respect and reverence, either to the place or authoritie in which
+we have placed and appointed them; and others, for the colouring of
+their lewdnes and misdemeanors committed in Virginia, have endeavored
+them by most vile and slanndrous reports made and divulged, aswell of
+the cuntrie of Virginia as alsoe of the government and estate of the
+said plantacion and Colonie, as much as in them laie, to bring the said
+voyage and plantacion into disgrace and contempt; by meanes where of not
+only the adventures and planters alreadie ingaged in the said plantacion
+have bin exceedingly abused and hindred, and a greate nomber of other
+our loving and welldisposed subjects otherwise well affected and
+inclyning to joine and adventure insoe noble, Christian and worthie an
+action have bin discouraged from the same, but allsoe the utter
+overthrow and ruine of the said enterprise hath bin greatlie indanngered
+which cannott miscarrie without some dishonor to us and our kingdome;
+
+Now, for asmuch as it appeareth unto us that theis insolences,
+misdemeanors and abuses, not to be tollerated in anie civill government,
+have for the most part growne and proceeded inregard of our Counsaile
+have not anie direct power and authoritie by anie expresse wordes in our
+former lettres patent to correct and chastise such offenders, we
+therefore, for the more speedy reformacion of soe greate and enormous
+abuses and misdemeanors heretofore practised and committed, and for the
+preventing of the like hereafter, doe by theis present for us, our
+heires and successors, give and grannt to the said Treasurer and
+Companie, and their successors for ever, that itt shall and maie be
+lawfull for our said Councell for the said First Colonie in Virginia or
+anie twoe of them, whereof the said Tresorer or his deputie for the time
+being to be allwaies one, by warrant under their handes to send for, or
+cause to be apprehended, all and every such person and persons who
+shalbe noted or accused or found, att anie time or times here after, to
+offend or misbehave themselves in anie the offences before mencioned and
+expressed; and uppon the examinacion of anie such offender or offendors
+and just proofe made by oath taken before the Counsaile of anie such
+notorious misdemeanors by them committed as aforesaid; and allsoe uppon
+anie insolent, contemptuous or unreverent carriage and misbehavior to or
+against our said Counsell shewed or used by anie such person or persons
+soe called, convented and apearing before them as aforesaid; that in all
+such cases theie, our said Counsell or anie twoe of them for the time
+being, shall and maie have full power and authoritie either here to
+binde them over with good suerties for their good behaviour and further
+therein to proceed to all intents and purposes, as itt is used in other
+like cases within our realme of England; or ells att their discrescion
+to remannd and send back the said offenders or anie of them unto the
+said Colonie in Virginia, there to be proceeded against and punished as
+the Governor, deputie and Counsell there for the time being shall thinke
+meete; or otherwise, according to such lawes and ordinannces as are or
+shalbe in use there for the well ordring and good governement of the
+said Colonie.
+
+And, for the more effectuall advanncing of the said plantacion, we doe
+further, for us, our heires and successors, of our especiall grace and
+favour, by vertue of our prorogative royall and by the assent and
+consent of the Lordes and others of our Privie Counsalle, give and
+grannte unto the said Tresorer and Companie full power and authoritie,
+free leave, libertie and licence to sett forth, errect and publishe one
+or more lotterie or lotteries to have continuance and to [endure] and be
+held for the space of one whole yeare next after the opening of the
+same, and after the end and expiracion of the said terme the said
+lotterie or lotteries to continue and be further kept, during our will
+and pleasure onely and not otherwise. And yet, nevertheles, we are
+contented and pleased, for the good and wellfare of the said plantacion,
+that the said Tresorer and Companie shall, for the dispatch and
+finishing of the said lotterie or lotteries, have six months warninge
+after the said yeare ended before our will and pleasure shall, for and
+on that behalfe, be construed, deemed and adjudged to be in anie wise
+altered and determined.
+
+And our further will and pleasure is that the said lottery or lottaries
+shall and maie be opened and held within our cittie of London or in anie
+other cittie or citties, or ellswheare within this our realme of
+England, with such prises, articles, condicions and limitacions as to
+them, the said Tresorer and Companie, in their discreascions shall seeme
+convenient.
+
+And that itt shall and may be lawfull to and for the said Tresorer and
+Companie to ellect and choose receivors, auditors, surveyors,
+comissioners, or anie other officers whatsoever, att their will and
+pleasure for the better marshalling and guiding and governing of the
+said lottarie or lottaryes; and that itt shalbe likewise lawfull to and
+for the said Tresorer and anie twoe of the said Counsell to minister
+unto all and everie such persons soe ellected and chosen for officers as
+aforesaid one or more oathes for their good behaviour, just and true
+dealing in and about the lottarie or lottaries to the intent and purpose
+that none of our loving subjects, putting in their monies or otherwise
+adventuring in the said generall lotterie or lottaries, maie be in anie
+wise defrauded and deceived of their said monies or evill and
+indirectlie dealt withall in their said adventures.
+
+And we further grannt in manner and forme aforesaid, that itt shall and
+maie be lawfull to and for the said Treasurer and Companie, under the
+scale of our Counsell for the plantacion, to publishe or to cause and
+procure to be published by proclamacion or otherwise, the said
+proclamacion to be made in their name by vertue of theise present, the
+said lottarie or lotteries in all citties, townes, boroughts,
+throughfaires and other places within our said realme of England; and we
+will and commande all mayors, justices of peace, sheriffs, bayliffs,
+constables and other our officers and loving subjects whatsoever, that
+in noe wise theie hinder or delaie the progresse and proceeding of the
+said lottarie or lottaries but be therein and, touching the premisses,
+aiding and assisting by all honest, good and lawfull meanes and
+endevours.
+
+And further our will and pleasure is that in all questions and dobts
+that shall arise uppon anie difficultie of construccion or
+interpretacion of anie thing conteined in theis or anie other our former
+lettres patent the same shalbe taken and interpreted in most ample and
+beneficiall manner for the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors and everie member there of.
+
+And lastly we doe by theis present retifie and confirme unto the said
+Treasorer and Companie, and their successors for ever, all and all
+manner of priviledges, franchises, liberties, immunities, preheminences,
+profitts and commodities whatsoever grannted unto them in anie our
+[former] lettres patent and not in theis present revoked, altered,
+channged or abridged. Although expresse mencion [of the true yearly
+value or certainty of the premises, or any of them, or of any other gift
+or grant, by us or any of our progenitors or predecessors, to the
+aforesaid Tresurer and Company heretofore made, in these Presents is not
+made; or any statute, act, ordinance, provisions, proclamation, or
+restraint, to the contrary thereof heretofore made, ordained, or
+provided, or any other matter, cause, or thing, whatsoever, to the
+contrary, in any wise, notwithstanding.]
+
+In witnes whereof [we have caused these our letters to be made patents.]
+Wittnes our selfe att Westminster, the twelveth daie of March [1612] [in
+the ninth year of our reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of
+Scotland the five and fortieth.]
+
+          Per breve de privato sigillo, etc.
+
+P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1709; Stith, Appendix, pp.
+23-32; Hening, Vol. I, pp. 98-110.
+
+
+
+
+  VIRGINIA COMPANY. INSTRUCTIONS TO
+  GEORGE YEARDLEY
+
+  (Sometimes called "The Great Charter")[21]
+
+    [Footnote 21: There is no authority in these Instructions
+    for the Governor to establish a General Assembly. There is,
+    however, evidence in the Instructions to Wyatt (p. 123) that
+    a "Commission" was given to Yeardley which granted this
+    authority.]
+
+
+
+
+NOVEMBER 18, 1618
+
+
+The Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers and Planters of the City of
+London for the First Colony in Virginia to Captain George Yeardley,
+Elect Governor of Virginia, and to the Council of State there being or
+to be, greeting:
+
+Our former cares and endeavours have been chiefly bent to the procuring
+and sending people to plant in Virginia so to prepare a way and to lay a
+foundation whereon a flourishing state might, in process of time by the
+blessing of Almighty God, be raised. Now our trust being that under the
+goverment of you, Captain Yeardly, with the advice and assistance of the
+said Council of State, such public provisions of corn and cattle will
+again be raised as may draw on those multitudes who, in great abundance
+from diverse parts of the realm, were preparing to remove thither, if by
+the late decay of the said public store their hopes had not been made
+frustrate and their minds thereby clene discouraged. We have thought
+good to bend our present cares and consultations, according to the
+authority granted unto us from His Majesty under his Great Seal, to the
+setling there of a laudable form of government by majestracy and just
+laws for the happy guiding and governing of the people there inhabiting,
+like as we have already done for the well ordering of our courts here
+and of our officers and accions for the behoof of that plantation. And
+because our intent is to ease all the inhabitants of Virginia forever of
+all taxes and public burthens, as much as may be, and to take away all
+occasion of oppression and corruption, we have thought fit to begin
+(according to the laudable example of the most famous common wealthes
+both past and present) to alot and lay out a convenient portion of
+public lands for the maintenance and support as well of magistracy and
+officers as of other public charges both here and there from time to
+time arising. We, therefore, the said Treasurer and Company, upon a
+solemn treaty and resolution and with the advice, consent and assent of
+His Majesties Council here of Virginia, being assembled in a great and
+general Court of the Council and Company of Adventurers for Virginia,
+require you, the said Governor and Council of Estate, to put in
+execution with all convenient speed a former order of our courts (which
+had been commended also to Captain Argal at his making Deputy Governor)
+for the laying and seting out by bounds and metes of three thousand
+acres of land in the best and most convenient place of the territory of
+James town in Virginia and next adjoining to the said town to be the
+seat and land of the Governor of Virginia for the time being, and his
+successors, and to be called by the name of the Governors Land, which
+Governors Land shall be of the freed grounds by the common labor of the
+people sent thither at the Companies charges, and of the lands formerly
+conquered or purchased of the Paspeheies and of other grounds next
+adjoining. In like sort we require you to set and lay out by bounds and
+metes other three thousand acres of good land within the territory of
+James town which shall be convenient, and in such place or places as in
+your discretions you shall find meet; which latter three thousand acres
+shall be and so called the Companies Land. And we require you, Captain
+Yeardley, that immediately upon your arrival you take unto you the guard
+assigned to Captain Argal at his going Deputy Governor, or sithence by
+him assumed, to be of your guard [for the better defence][22] of your
+Government; and that as well the said guard as also fifty other persons,
+now sent and transported with you, you place as tennants on the said
+Governors Land and that all other persons heretofore transported at the
+common charge of the Company since the coming away of Sir Thomas Dale,
+Knight, late Deputy Governor, be placed as tennants on the said
+Companies Lands. And we will and ordain that all the said tennants on
+the Governors and Companies Lands shall occupy the same to the half part
+of the profits of the said lands, so as the one half to be and belong to
+the said tennants themselves and the other half respectively to the said
+Governor and to us, the said Treasurer and Company and our successors.
+And we further will and ordain that of the half profits arising out of
+the said Companies Lands and belonging to us, the said Treasurer and
+Company, the one moiety be imploied for the entertainment of the said
+Councel of Estate there residing and of other public officers of the
+general Colony and plantation (besides the Governor), according to the
+proportion as hereafter we shall express and in the mean time as you in
+your discretions shall think meet. And the other moiety be carefully
+gathered, kept and shipped for England for the public use of us, the
+said Treasurer and Company and our successors. And we will and ordain
+that, out of the half profits of the said Companies Lands to us
+belonging, one fifth part be deducted and alotted for the wages of the
+bailiffs and other officers which shall have the oversight and goverment
+of the said tenants and lands, and the dividing, gathering, keeping or
+shiping of the particular moiety of the profits belonging either to the
+said Council and officer there or to us, the said Treasurer and Company
+and our successors, as aforesaid. Provided alwaies, that out of the said
+Companies Land a sufficient part be exempted and reserved for the
+securing and wintering of all sorts of cattle which are or shall be the
+public stock and store of the said Company. And forasmuch as our intent
+is to establish one equal [blank of several lines][23] plantations,
+whereof we shall speak afterwards, be reduced into four cities or
+burroughs, namely: the cheif city called James town, Charles City,
+Henrico, and the Burrough of Kiccowtan. And that in all these foresaid
+cities or burroughs and ancient adventurers and planters which [were]
+transported thither, with intent to inhabit at their own costs and
+charges, before the coming away of Sir Thomas Dale, Knight, and have so
+continued during the space of three years, shall have upon a first
+division, to be afterward by us augmented, one hundred acres of land for
+their personal adventure and as much for every single share of twelve
+pound ten shillings paid [for such share], allotted and set out to be
+held by them, their heirs and assigns, forever. And that for all such
+planters as were brought thither at the Companies charge to inhabit
+there, before the coming away of the said Sir Thomas Dale, after the
+time of their service to the Company on the common Land agreed shall be
+expired, there be set out one hundred acres of land for each of their
+personal adventurers to be held by them, their heirs and assigns, for
+ever; paying for every fifty acres the yearly free rent of one shilling
+to the said Treasurer and Company and their successors, at one entire
+payment on the feast day of St Michael the Archangel, for ever. And in
+regard that by the singular industry and virtue of the said Sir Thomas
+Dale the former difficulties and dangers were in greatest part overcome
+to the great ease and security of such as have been since that time
+transported thither, we do, therefore, hereby ordain that all such
+persons as sithence the coming away of the said Sir Thomas Dale have at
+their own charges been transported thither to inhabit, and so continued
+as aforesaid, there be allotted and set out upon a first division fifty
+acres of land to them and their heirs, for ever, for their personal
+adventure, paying a free rent of one shilling yearly in manner
+aforesaid.
+
+    [Footnote 22: Editorial insertion by Kingsbury.]
+
+    [Footnote 23: Editorial note by Kingsbury.]
+
+And that all persons which since the going away of the said Sir Thomas
+Dale have been transported thither at the Companies charges, or which
+hereafter shall be so transported, be placed as tenants on the Companies
+lands for term of seven years, occupy the same to the half part of the
+profits as is abovesaid. We therefore will and ordain that other three
+thousand acres of land be set out in the fields and territory of Charles
+City; and other three thousand acres of land in the fields and
+territories of Henrico; and other three thousand acres of land in the
+fields and territory of Kiccowtan, all which to be and be called the
+Companies Lands and to be occupied by the Companies tenants for half
+profits as afore said. And that the profits belonging to the Company be
+disposed by their several moieties in the same manner as before set down
+touching the Companies lands in the territory of James Town with like
+allowance to the bailies and reservation of ground for the common store
+of cattle in those several places, as is there set down. And our will is
+that such of the Companies tenants as already inhabite in those several
+cities or burroughs be not removed to any other city or burrough but
+placed on the Companies Lands belonging to those cities or burroughs
+where they now inhabite; provided alwaies, that if any private person,
+without fraud or injurious intent to the public at his own charges, have
+freed any of the said lands formerly appointed to the Governor, he may
+continue and inhabite there till a valuable recompence be made him for
+his said charges. And we do hereby ordain that the Governors house in
+James town, first built by Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, at the charges and
+by the servants of the Company, and since enlarged by others by the very
+same means, be and continue for ever the Governors house, any pretended
+undue grant made by misinformation and not in a general and quarter
+court to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding. And to the intent that
+godly, learned and painful ministers may be placed there for the service
+of Almighty God & for the spiritual benefit and comfort of the people,
+we further will and ordain that in every of those cities or burroughs
+the several quantity of one hundred acres of land be set out in quality
+of glebe land toward the maintenance of the several ministers of the
+parishes to be there limited; and for a further supply of their
+maintenance there be raised a yearly standing and certain contribution
+out of the profits growing or renuing within the several farmes of the
+said parish; and so as to make the living of every minister, two hundred
+pounds sterling per annum or more as hereafter there shall be cause. And
+for a further ease to the inhabitants of all taxes and contributions for
+the support and entertainment of the particular magistrates and officers
+and of other charges to the said citys and burroughs, respectively
+belonging, we likewise will and ordain that within the precincts or
+territories of the said cities and burroughs shall be set out and
+alotted the several quantities of fifteen hundred acres of land to be
+the common land of the said citie or burrough, for the uses aforesaid,
+and to be known and called by the name of the Cities or Burroughs Land.
+And whereas, by a special grant and licence from His Majesty, a general
+contribution over this realm hath been made for the building and
+planting of a college for the training up of the children of those
+infidels in true religion, moral virtue and civility, and for other
+godly uses, we do, therefore, according to a former grant and order,
+hereby ratifie, confirm and ordain that a convenient place be chosen and
+set out for the planting of a university at the said Henrico in time to
+come and that in the mean time preparation be there made for the
+building of the said college for the children of the infidels, according
+to such instructions as we shall deliver; and we will and ordain that
+ten thousand acres, partly of the lands they impaled and partly of other
+land within the territory of the said Henrico, be alotted and set out
+for the endowing of the said university and college with convenient
+possessions. Whereas also we have heretofore, by order of court in
+consideration of the long, good and faithful service done by you,
+Captain George Yeardley, in our said Colony and plantation of Virginia,
+and in reward there of as also in regard of two single shares in money
+paid into our treasury, granted unto you, the said Captain Yeardley, all
+that parcel of marsh ground called Weynock and also one other peice and
+percel of land adjoining to the same marsh called by the Natives
+_Konwan_, one parcel whereof abutteth upon a creek there called Mapscock
+towards the east, and the other parcel thereof towards a creek there
+called Queens Creek on the west and extendeth in breadth to landward
+from the head of the said creek called Mapscock up to the head of the
+said creek called Queens Creek (which creek called Queens Creek is
+opposite to that point there which is now called the Tobacco point and
+abutteth south upon the River and north to the Landward), all which
+several lands are or shall be henceforward accounted to be lying within
+the territory of the said Charles City and exceed not the quantity of
+two thousand and two hundred acres, we therefore, the said Treasurer and
+Company, do hereby again grant, ratifie and confirm unto you, the said
+Captain George Yeardley, the said several grounds and lands; to have and
+to hold the said grounds and lands to you, the said Captain George
+Yeardley, your heirs and assigns, for ever. And for the better
+encouragement of all sorts of necessary and laudable trades to be set up
+and exercised within the said four cities burroughs, we do hereby ordain
+that if any artizans or trademen shall be desirous rather to follow his
+particular art or trade then to be imploied in husbandry or other rural
+business, it shall be lawful for you, the said Governor and Councel, to
+alot and set out within any of the precincts aforesaid one dwelling
+house with four acres of land adjoining and held in fee simple to every
+said tradsman, his heirs and assigns for ever, upon condition that the
+said tradesman, his heirs and assigns do continue and exercise his trade
+in the said house paying only a free rent of four pence by the year to
+us, the said Treasurer and Company and our successors, at the feast of
+St Michael the Archangel, for ever. And touching all other particular
+plantations set out or like to be set out in convenient multitudes,
+either by divers of the ancient adventurers associating themselves
+together (as the Society of Smiths Hundred and Martins Hundred) or by
+some ancient adventurer or planter associating others unto him (as the
+plantation of Captain Samuel Argall and Captain John Martin and that by
+the late Lord La Warre advanced) or by some new adventurers joining
+themselves under one head (as the plantation of Christopher Lawne,
+Gentleman, and others now in providing), our intent being according to
+the rules of justice and good government to alot unto every one his due
+yet so as neither to breed disturbance to the right of others nor to
+interrupt the good form of government intended for the benefit of the
+people and strength of the Colony; we do therefore will and ordain that
+of the said particular plantations none be placed within five miles of
+the said former cities and boroughs, and that if any man, out of his own
+presumption or pleasure without special direction from us, hath
+heretofore done otherwise a convenient time be assigned him and then by
+your discretions to remove to some farther place by themselves, to be
+chosen with the allowance and assent of the Governor for the time being
+and the Council of Estate; and that the inhabitants of the said city or
+burrough too near unto which he or they were placed make him and them a
+valuable recompense for their charges and expence of time in freeing of
+grounds and building within those precincts; in like sort, we ordain
+that no latter particular plantation shall at any time hereafter be
+seated within ten miles of a former; we also will and ordain that no
+particular plantation be or shall be placed straglingly in divers places
+to the weakening of them, but be united together in one seat and
+territory that so also they may be incorporated by us into one body
+corporate and live under equal and like law and orders with the rest of
+the Colony; we will and ordain also for the preventing of all fraud in
+abusing of our grants, contrary to the intent and just meaning of them,
+that all such person or persons as have procured or hereafter shall
+procure grants from us in general words unto themselves and their
+associates or to like effect shall within one year after the date hereof
+deliver up to us in writing, under their hands and seals, as also unto
+you, the said Governor and Councel, what be or were the names of those
+their first associates; and if they be of the adventurers of us, the
+Company which have paid into our treasury money for their shares, that
+then they express in that their writing for how many shares they join in
+the said particular plantation, to the end a due proportion of land may
+be set out unto them and we the said Treasurer and Company be not
+defrauded of our due; and if they be not of the adventurers of the
+Company which have paid into our treasury money for their shares, yet
+are gone to inhabit there and so continue for three years, there be
+allotted and set out fifty acres of land for every such person paying a
+free rent of twelve pence the year, in manner aforesaid, and all such
+persons having been planted there since the coming away of Sir Thomas
+Dale; and forasmuch as we understand that certain persons, having
+procured such grants in general words to themselves and their associates
+or to like effect, have corruptly of late endeavoured for gain and worse
+respects to draw many of the ancient planters of the said four cities or
+burroughs to take grants also of them and thereby to become associated
+unto them with intent also by such means to overstrengthen their party;
+and thereupon have adventured on divers enormous courses tending to the
+great hurt and hindrance of the Colony; yea, and have also made grants
+of like association to masters of ships and mariners never intending
+there to inhabit, thereby to defraud His Majesty of the customs due unto
+him; we, to remedy and prevent such unlawful and greedy courses tending
+also directly to faction and sedition, do hereby ordain that it shall
+not be lawful for the grantees of such grants to associate to any other
+unto them then such as were their associates from the first time of the
+said grants, without express licence of us, the said Treasurer and
+Company, in a great general and quarter court under our seal obtained;
+and that all such after or under grants of association made or to be
+made by the said grantees shall be to all intents and purposes utterly
+void. And for as much as we understand that divers particular persons
+(not members of our Company), with their companies, have provided or are
+in providing to remove into Virginia with intent (as appeareth) by way
+of association to shroud themselves under the general grants last
+aforesaid, which may tend to the great disorder of our Colony and
+hinderance of the good government which we desire to establish, we do
+therefore hereby ordain that all such persons as of their own voluntary
+will and authority shall remove into Virginia, without any grant from us
+in a great general and quarter court in writing under our seal, shall be
+deemed (as they are) to be occupiers of our land, that is to say, of the
+common lands of us, the said Treasurer and Company; and shall yearly pay
+unto us for the said occupying of our land one full fourth part of the
+profits thereof till such time as the same shall be granted unto them by
+us in manner aforesaid, and touching all such as being members of our
+Company and adventurers by their monies paid into our treasury, shall
+either in their own person or by their agents, tennants or servants set
+up in Virginia any such particular plantation, tho with the privity of
+us, the said Treasurer and Company, yet without any grant in writing
+made in our said general quarter courts as is requisite, we will and
+ordain that the said adventurers or planters shall, within two year
+after the arrival of them or their company in Virginia, procure our
+grant in writing to be made, in our general quarter court and under our
+seal, of the lands by them possessed or occupied, or from thenceforth
+shall be deemed only occupiers of the common land, as is aforesaid, till
+such times as our said grant shall be obtained. We also not more
+intending the reformation of the errors of the said     [24] than for
+advancing of them into good courses and therein to assist them by all
+good means, we further hereby ordain that to all such of the said
+particular [24] as shall truly fully observe the orders afore and
+hereafter specified there be alotted and set out, over and above our
+former grants, one hundred acres of glebe land for the Minister of every
+[24] and fifteen hundred acres of burough land for the public use of the
+said plantation; not intending yet hereby either to abridge or enlarge
+such grant of glebe or common land as shall be made in any of our grants
+in writing to any of the said particular plantations; we also will and
+ordain that the like proportion of maintenance out of the     [24] and
+profits of the earth be made for the several ministers of the said
+particular plantations as have been before set down for the Ministers of
+the said former cities and burroughs; we will and ordain that the
+Governor for the time being and the said Council of Estate do justly
+perform or cause to be performed all such grants, covenants and articles
+as have or shall be in writing in our great and general quarter courts
+to any of the said particular plantations, declaring all other grants of
+lands in Virginia, not made in one of our great and general quarter
+courts, by force of His Majesties letters patents to be void. And to the
+end aforesaid we will and ordain that all our grants in writing under
+our seal, made in our great and general quarter courts, be entered into
+your records to be kept there in Virginia; yet directly forbiding that a
+charter of land granted to Captain Samuel Argal and his associates,
+bearing date the twentieth of March, 1616, be entered in your records or
+otherwise at all respected, forasmuch as the same was obtained by slight
+and cunning; and afterwards upon suffering him to go Governor of
+Virginia was by his own voluntary act left in our custody to be
+cancelled upon grant of a new charter which     [24] We do also hereby
+declare that heretofore in one of our said general and quarter courts we
+have ordained and enacted and in this present court have ratified and
+confirmed these orders and laws following: that all grants of lands,
+privileges and liberties in Virginia hereafter to be made, be passed by
+indenture, a counterpart whereof to be sealed by the grantees and to be
+kept     [25] the Companies     [25] evidences; and that the Secretary of
+the Company have the engrossing of all such indentures; that no patents
+or indentures of grants of land in Virginia be made and sealed but in a
+full, general and quarter court, the same having been first thoroughly
+perused and approved under the hands of a select committee for that
+purpose     [25] that all grants of     [25] in Virginia to such
+adventurers as have heretofore brought in their money here to the
+treasury for their several shares, being of twelve pounds ten shillings
+the share, be of one hundred acres the share upon the first division and
+of as many more upon a second division, when the land of the first
+division shall be sufficiently peopled; and for every person which they
+shall transport thither within seven years after Midsummer Day, one
+thousand six hundred and eighteen, if he continue there three years or
+dye in the mean time after he is shiped it be of fifty acres the person
+upon the first division and fifty more upon a second division, the land
+of the first being sufficiently peopled, without paying any rent to the
+Company for the one or the other; and that in all such grants the names
+of the said adventurers and the several number of each of their shares
+be expressed; provided alwaies, and it is ordained, that if the said
+adventurers or any of them do not truly and effectually, with one year
+next after the sealing of the said grant, pay and discharge all such
+sums of money wherein by subscription (or otherwise upon notice thereof
+given from the auditors) they stand indebted to the Company, or if the
+said adventurers, or any of them having not lawful right, either by
+purchase from the Company or by assignment from some other former
+adventurers, within one year after the said grant or by special gift of
+the Company upon merit preceding in a full quarter court, to so many
+shares as he or they pretend, do not within one year after the said
+grant, satisfie and pay to the said Treasurer and Company for every
+share so wanting after the rate of twelve pounds ten shillings the
+share, that then the said grant for so much as concerneth the     [25]
+part and all the shares of the said person so behind and not satisfying
+as aforesaid shall be utterly void; provided also, and it is ordained,
+that the grantees shall from time to time during the said seven years
+make a true certificate to the said Treasurer, Councel and Company from
+the chief officer or officers of the places respectively, of the number,
+names, ages, sex, trades and conditions of every such person so
+transported or shiped, to be entered by the Secretary into a register
+book for that purpose to be made; that for all persons not comprised in
+the order next before which during the next seven years after Midsummer
+day, 1618, shall go into Virginia with intent there to inhabite, if they
+continue there three years or dye after they are shiped there shall be a
+grant made of fifty acres for every person upon a first division and as
+many more upon a second division (the first being peopled), which grants
+to be made respectively to such persons and their heirs at whose charges
+the said persons going to inhabite in Virginia shall be transported with
+reservation of twelve pence yearly rent for every fifty acres to be
+answered to the said Treasurer and Company and their successors for
+ever, after the first seven years of every such grant; in which grants a
+provisoe to be inserted that the grantees shall from time to time during
+the said seven years make a true certificate to the said Treasurer,
+Councel and Company, from the chief officer or officers of places
+respectively, of the number, names, ages, sex, trades and conditions of
+every such person so transported or shiped, to be entred by the
+Secretary into a register book for that purpose to be made; that all
+grants as well of one sort as the other respectively be made with equal
+favours, and grants of like liberties and immunities as near as may be
+to the end that all complaint of partiality [or] differencie may be
+prevented. All which said orders we hereby will and ordain to be firmly
+and unvoilably kept and observed and that the inhabitants of Virginia
+have notice of them for their use and benefit. Lastly, we do hereby
+require and authorize you, the said Captain George Yeardley and the said
+Council of Etats, associating with you such other as you shall there
+find meet, to survey or cause to be survey'd all the lands and
+territories in Virginia above mentioned and the same to set out by
+bounds and metes, especially so as that the territories of the said
+several cities and buroughs and other particular plantations may be
+conveniently divided and known the one from the other; each survey to be
+set down distinctly in writing and returned to us under your hands and
+seals. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our common seal, given in
+a great and general court of the Council and Company of Adventurers of
+Virginia held the eighteenth day of November, 1618; and in the years of
+the reign of our soverain Lord James, by the grace of God, King of
+England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., Vizt.
+of England, France and Ireland the sixteenth and of Scotland the two and
+fiftieth. Novr. 18, 1618.
+
+Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 98-109.
+
+    [Footnote 24: Blank space.]
+
+    [Footnote 25: Blank space.]
+
+
+
+
+  VIRGINIA COMPANY. INSTRUCTIONS TO
+  THE GOVERNOR AND COUNCIL OF STATE
+  IN VIRGINIA
+
+
+
+
+JULY 24, 1621
+
+
+Instructions to the Governor for the time being and Counsell of State in
+Virginia:
+
+1. First wee requier you in gennerall take into spetiall regard and
+estimation the service of Almightie God and observance of his divine
+lawes and that the people in Virginia bee trained up in true religion,
+god lives and vertue, that ther example may be a meanes to winn the
+infidells to God: wherin wee pray you especiallie to have in daly
+rememberance that the patterne which you shall give in your owne persons
+& in your families wilbee of singular and chief moment whatt may soever
+itt shall propend. And since our gennerall endeavours and designes have
+nott yett effected a due establishment of the honor and rights
+belonginge to the Church and ministerie, wee must requier your most
+earnest care to advance all things appertayninge thereunto, seriously
+endeavoring the establishment of due order in administringe of all
+services according to the usuall forme and discipline of the Church of
+England and carefullie avoidinge all factious and needlesse novelties
+tending onlie to the disturbance of peace and unitie; and that such
+ministers as have been or shalbe sent from time to time may bee
+respected and mainteined according to the orders made in that behalfe,
+also for accomodatinge the churches or places for divine service.
+
+2. Wee praie you likewise take care, that the people now ther or
+hereafter inhabitinge bee kept in due obedience to His Majestie and that
+they all take the oaths of supremacie and allegiance; and that you
+provide that justice bee equallie administered to all His Majesties
+subjects ther resideing, and as neare as may be after the forme of this
+realme of England, wherin you are to have a vigilant care to prevent
+corruption amongst your inferior officers tending to the perverting or
+delaying of justice; wee praie you also to have espetiall care that no
+injurie or oppresion bee wrought by the English against any of the
+natives of that countrie wherby the present peace may be disturbed and
+ancient quarrells (now buried) might be revived; provided, nevertheles,
+that the honor of our nation and safety of our people bee still
+preserved and all maner of insolence committed by the natives be
+severely and sharpelie punished.
+
+3. Item: that you cause our people to applie themselves to an
+industrious course of life in followeinge ther buissinesies, each in the
+several degre and proffession, and that no man bee suffered to live
+idly, the example wherof might prove pernicious to the rest; in
+perticular that you bee carefull now in the begining to suppresse too
+much gaming and above all things that odious vice of drunkenes; and that
+all kinde of riott both in apparrell & otherwise bee eschewed; and that
+an edict bee speedily published that no person residing in Virginia
+(excepting those of the Counsill and heads of hundreds and plantations,
+ther wives & chilldren) shall weare any gold in ther clothes or any
+apparrell of silke, untill such time they have itt of the silke ther
+made by silkewormes & raised by ther owne industry.
+
+4. Item: that you use good prudence that no just cause of offence bee
+given to any other prince, state or people which are in league or amitie
+with His Majestie; and that no captaine or other of our Colonie under
+pretence of trade to the coast of the West Indies bee suffred to saile
+out with anie vessell ther to robb & spoile wherby to provoke any other
+nation against us; and that no piratts have cause by ... accesse to
+retier with ther purchasses to the coast of Virginia, but that they be
+severlie punnished & ther goods confiscated: for the preventing of
+which, as alsoe for securing your selves against all forraigne ennimies,
+wee require your serious considerations for the speedie errecting of
+fortresses or blockhouses at the mouth of the river as also for all
+other manner of needfull fortifications in all places, and to the
+effecting hereof wee requirer you, as well private persons as hundreds
+and corporations, bee ratablie proportioned to the performance of
+certaine dayes worke by the yeare.
+
+5. Item: that the best meanes bee used to draw the better disposed of
+the natives to converse with our people and labor amongst them with
+convenient reward that therby they may growe to a likeing and love of
+civility and finallie bee brought to the knowledge and love of God and
+true religion, which may prove also of great strength to our people
+against the savages or other invadors, whatsoever; and they may bee fitt
+instruments to assist afterwards in the more gennerall conversion of the
+heathen people which wee somuch desier.
+
+6. Item: that for the laying of the surer foundation for the said
+conversion, that each towne, cittie, burrough and other particular
+plantation bee procured to obtaine to themselves by just meanes a
+certaine number of the chilldren of the natives to be educated by them
+in true religion and a civill course of life; of which chilldren the
+most towardlie boyes in will and graces of nature to bee brought up by
+them in the first elements of literature so to bee fitted for the
+colledge, in the fabricke whereof we purpose to proceed assoone as any
+proffit returned from the tenantes shall enhable us; and doe therfore
+verie ernestlie requier your uttermost helps aswell for the improveinge
+of ther labors, as for the true account and returne of the proffitts
+already due, that so that busines of the colledge may goe forward with
+which wee doubt not a particular blessing of God will goe a long uppon
+the Collony ther as wee are assured the love of all good men here to the
+plantation will therby be encreased.
+
+7. Item: that imediatlie after the gatheringe in of the present yeares
+cropp by Sir George Yeardlie, wee requier that the land belonging to the
+place of Governor bee resigned to Sir Francis Wyate and that ther bee
+delivered to him by Sir George Yeardly the hundred tenants well
+furnished which wee sent him for the place; and if ther bee any of them
+wanting, Sir George Yeardly is out of his private to make good the full
+nomber of a hundred, which wee hope hee will gladlie doe, remembringe
+our courtesie in the addition of thirtie able persons sent him the
+former springe to supplie those that wee understood through mortallitie
+had failed; as also our refusing to accept of his offer to depart
+[part?] with all the proffitt by the Governors land or tenants, onlie
+exspecting his care to cultivate well that land and to uphold that
+nomber of a hundred tenants for the place.
+
+8. Item: imediatelie upon the expiracion of Sir George Yeardlys
+goverment on the eighteenth of November next, you shall admitt Sir
+Francis Wiats commission to bee read, whom accordinglie you shall
+receave and publish Governor and Captaine Generall, yealding unto his
+person and place all our respect, honor and observance.
+
+9. Item: the comission for establishing of the Counsell you shall
+publish uppon the deliverie therof and as speedylie as convenientlie you
+may to administer the oath of Counsellors unto the severall persons
+therin named.
+
+10. And forasmuch as ther hath ben in theise late yeares great fault or
+defect in nott putting in execucion our orders of court and Counsell for
+the setting upp & upholdinge those staple comodities which are
+necessarie for the subsisting and encrease of the plantation, which hath
+happned in part by the our chargeing the Governor with toe much
+buissnes, wee have uppon espetiall approvement of the industry and
+sufficiency of George Sandis, Esqr., as also for his faithfulnes and
+plenarie intelligence of our intendments and counsells here (wherunto
+hee hath from time to time bein privie, not only elected and athorised
+him to bee Treasurer in Virginia, butt also committed to his spetiall
+and extreordinarie care the execution of all our orders, charters and
+instructions tending to the setting upp, encrease and maintaininge of
+the said staple comodities); wee, therefore, requier you that upon all
+such occationes wherin the said master ... shall have occation to bee
+employed, you give him all such countenance, help and power in the
+execution therof as you would doe to the Governor himselfe if hee were
+personallie present; and that provition bee made for convenient
+transporting him from place upon all those occations; we have by order
+of our quarter court bearing date the second day of May last, allotted
+unto the place of Treasuror fifteen hundred acres of land and fifty
+tenants wherof twenty five are now sent and twenty five more are to bee
+sent the next Spring; to the place of Marshall (wherunto wee have chosen
+Sir William Neuce) wee have likewise allotted fifteene hundred acres of
+land and fifty tenantes now provided and furnished and deliverid to the
+said Sir William Newce to bee transported this present somer; to the
+place of the Companies Deputie (wherunto wee have formerlie allotted
+twelve hundred acres and forty men) wee have added three hundred acres
+of land and tenn tenants more to bee sent the next springe; to the
+phisitions place wee have allotted twenty tenantes sent last spring and
+five hundred acres of land; to the Secretarie, five hundred acres of
+land and twenty tenantes sent out the last springe; for the accomateinge
+of which severall persons in ther places & offices in the best manner
+according to our promises, furtherance that in you lieth.
+
+11. Item: wee pray you likewise with convenient speed to reveive the
+commissiones formerlie directed to Sir George Yeardly, then Governor,
+and to the Counsell of State ther beareinge date the 18 of November,
+1618, conteining the lawes & orders for dividing the citties and
+burroughs with ther land and people, and sondrie other particularities
+for the well settling of that State. And haveing sent you coppies of all
+such instructions, letters, charters & directions as have here before
+been sent from time to time, wee pray you to peruse them all and what
+soever you shall find not contrarie to any of theise instructions and
+requisite for the behouf of Collonie ther or of the Companie here, wee
+wish you to observe itt as though the same were here particularly
+inserted. Also all orders of courtes that shall bee certified uppon
+peticions or otherwise, under the attest of our Secretaries hand
+referred unto the Governor or Counsell ther, wee pray you see that a due
+course bee taken accordinglie to doe the partie whome it shall concerne
+right and justice, no lesse then if they had been particularly here by
+name commended unto you.
+
+12. Item: that the captaines and heades of everie particular plantation
+or hundreds, as likewise everie cheif officer that hath people under his
+charge, deliver severall catalogues at one of the fower quarter sessions
+of the Counsell yearly as well of the severall names, conditions and
+qualities of those that bee liveing, as also of those that bee dead, and
+likewise of the mariages and christnings hapninge with that place; and
+that the personall goods and estate of the partie deceased bee
+carefullie keptt & reserved to the rightt owners therof; and lastlie
+that a list bee kept of the nomber of all sorts of cattell in each
+particular burrough or plantation; and that you cause the Secretarie
+once everie yeare to returne us hether a perfect coppie of all the
+premisses.
+
+13. Item: that whereas the principall hope of the plantacion dependes
+much on the prosperity of particular Colonies or hundreds, itt wilbe
+verie necessarie that in case of the death or other misaccidents of the
+chief heads of those Colonies, you take into your carefull regaurd the
+conservation of the bodie and sinews of that plantation united,
+preserving the remaines by the best meanes that either industry or
+charity can effect.
+
+14. Item: that according to His Majesties gratious advise and the desire
+& expectacion of the whole state here, you draw the people from the
+excessive planting of tobacco and that, according to a late order of
+court in that behalfe made the thirteenth of June last, you suffer them
+not to plaint in one yeare alone one hundred waight tobacco the head,
+that is the person; and that you do provide by some generall course to
+bee held amongst them that they apply themselves to the soweing and
+planting of corne in good plentie that ther may bee alwaies a large
+proportion not onlie for their owne use, but store also for such as in
+great multitudes wee hope yearly to send; likewise by the same generall
+course to cause the generall inhabitants and households to enclose by
+pale & strong fences some fitting portion of our land for the keping of
+cowes, tame swine and poultrie; and for the making all due provitiones
+for the encrease & preservation of the bread of all sorts of cattle, and
+in particular kine, wherof wee thinke itt most unfitt that any should
+bee as yett killed and requier your vigilent care for the inhibiting
+thereof.
+
+15. Item: after corne, wee comend unto your care the matter of silke
+which his Majesty heretofore espetially to commended unto us and out of
+his owne store hath moste gratiouslie been pleased often to furnish our
+Company with seed: in supply of which more hath bin since sent and a
+greater quantitie shall likewise followe hereafter as soone as itt shall
+come to our hands. Wee requier therfore that you cause in everie
+particular plantation great nomber of mulbery trees to bee plainted
+neare ther dwellings, and such as are already groweing to bee preserved
+for planting, of which many excellent bookes have binn already sent in
+December last, unto which wee referr you for your better direction
+therin, as also to divers French and other experienced men, late sent &
+procured at extraordinarie charge, of whose generall subsistence wee
+expect your assidious care.
+
+16. Item: silke grasse, being a comoditie of spetiall hope and much use,
+not with standing through negligence and want of experience, it hath
+lately been declared to bee full of difficullty and hazard both in
+groweing and curing, yett we doe especially recomend unto your care and
+that you direct some good way to bring it to perfection by experimenting
+the soiles, the seasons and true maner of cultivating of itt, being
+confident that that which growes so naturally in those parts will much
+more by art and industry bee at lenght brought to perfection, and being
+many wayes so usefull will bring great honor an [and?] proffitt unto the
+action.
+
+17. Item: wee doe also especially recommend unto you the planting of
+vines in aboundance and that the vignerons sent with so great charge to
+the Company bee fairely & carefullie provided for.
+
+18. Item: wee requier also that all sorts of artsmen be employed in ther
+severall trades and that store of aprentizes bee placed & held to learne
+ther occupations, especially those that are most usefull or most
+comodious; and that you duely consider the quallities and trades of all
+those people sent over for the Companies or any of the Collonies servis
+& that you cause them to bee held to ther trades and occupations wherin
+ther are like to deserve & win most bennifitt; and not to suffer them to
+forsake ther former occupacions for planting tobacco or such uselesse
+comodities. And here wee earnestly commend unto your care the Dutchemen
+sent for the erecting of sawing mills, a worke most necessarie since the
+materialls for howsing and shipping can not otherwise without much more
+troble, paines and charge bee provided; & although wee have received
+some notice that fitting places for ther works and not ther easilie
+found out, yett wee hope that dillegence fitting to bee used in a case
+of so generall benifitt hath discoverid how to make use of ther skills
+by this time. Nor doe wee here apprehend any difficullty of finding
+accomodation for that purpose about the falls or towards the heads of
+some river or brookes by the station, wherof timber may be brought unto
+them verie easili and by the current of the river the plankes or boords
+sawen may bee transported for the generall use of all or the greatest
+part of our people.
+
+19. Item: that your corne mills bee presentlie erected and pupliqe
+bakehowses in everie burrough bee built with all speed and dilligence.
+
+20. Item: that all apparent or proved contracts made in England or in
+Virginia betweene the owners of land in Virginia and ther tenants or
+servants be truly performed and the breach of them reformed by due
+punishment as justice shall requier.
+
+21. Item: that you suffer no crafty or advantageous meanes to bee used
+to entice a way the tenants or servants of any particular plantacion
+from the place they are ... ceited and that all offenders herein bee
+severlie punished and the partie drawne away bee returned to ther former
+place.
+
+[22]. Wee commend unto your especiall regard the providing for such
+persons as have already bin sent or are now or shall be hereafter
+entertained for the erecting of iron works; that all possible meanes bee
+used for ther encouradgment & for the performing of generall contracts
+here made with the Company wherby justice unto them and profitt to the
+plantation may arise. And whereas Mr. John Berkly hath bin approved unto
+us here by extreordinary recommendations to bee industrious and
+intelligent gentleman many ways, butt espetially for iron works, wee
+desier hee & his company may bee cherished by you and supported by the
+helpe of the whole Colonie if need shall requier, therby to enhable him
+to perfect that worke wherupon the Company have already expended great
+somes of money & itt is a com[modity] so necessarie as few other are to
+bee valewed in comparrison therof. Upon the successe therof also, mens
+eyes are generally fixed & therfore if itt should now (as by former
+misaccident or negligence) fall to the ground, ther were little hope
+that ever they would bee revived againe; and whereas wee have bin so
+circomspect as to contraict with many masters severally for the erecting
+of the said works, wherby wee hoped though some miscarried or failled
+others should have proceeded; if by want of workes or necessarie
+materialls the said masters cannot for present bee seatted or enjoy the
+conditions of ther contraicts, wee thinke fitt you should accomodate
+them according to ther several habillities in some secondarie or
+subordinarie places of assistance to Mr. Berkly, or when another worke
+may be advanced to worke them over that, according (as neere as may bee)
+to ther contraictes made here with the Company, wherby this worke of so
+great consequence & generall expectacion, infinitt com[modity] &
+unspeakeable benifitt to the plantacion may bee dilligentlie prosecuted
+& upheld.
+
+23. Item: salt, pich and tarr, soape ashes, &c., often recommended and
+sett up, and for which fittinge men & matterialles have been sent to the
+great charge of the Company and yett daylie complaints come to us of the
+want of them, wee desier you will now prosecute and further with all
+dilligence & care.
+
+24. Item: your makeing of oile of wallnuts, your employing your
+apothecaries in distilling of hott waters out of your lees of beere and
+searching after minierall dyes, gummes, druggs, and the like things, wee
+desier you not to forgett and good quanteties of all sorts to send us by
+all shipps.
+
+25. Item: since wee have conceaved itt most fitting to ordaine that a
+small quantety of tobacco shall bee plainted or cherished in Virginia,
+wee hold itt verie necessarie to use all possible care that the
+proporcion limmitted may bee improved in goodnes as much as may bee; and
+therefore that some good order bee taken to see itt well cured and duely
+ordred that bringing itt into request may cause any certaine benifitt to
+the planters.
+
+26. Item: that due proceeding bee used in the erection of those howses
+appointed for lodgeing of new men upon ther landing, according to former
+directions; and that from time to time a course bee taken for ther
+repaire, cleane & neat; keeping likewise, for comon store, howses in
+convenient places as well for other needs necessary provitions, as upper
+roomes for conservation of a proportion of gounpouder ready for use.
+
+27. Item: whereas wee have many times found losse & interuption in our
+buissines through want of frequent relacion from Virginia, wee therefore
+requier you att least to make a quarterly dispatch unto us, the
+duplicate wherof to bee duely sentt by the next oppertunitie of shipping
+after.
+
+28. Item: whereas Capt. William Norton and certaine Itallians, now by
+the general Company and other worthy minded adventures att a verie great
+charge, sent for the erecting of a glasse furnace in Virginia, wee
+hartilie desire you to afford them all favor possible. And in particular
+that the guesthowses built by Leftenant Whitakers bee allowed them for
+ther habitacion till they may convenientlie provide themselves of ther
+owne; and that all orders given them from hence bee exactlie putt in
+execucion.
+
+29. Item: a gentleman's great dilligence in our affaires, accompaned
+with extreordinarie capacity and judgement, haveing proceeded the
+treatise of the buissnes belonging to the plantacion, approved by us to
+bee full of exellent observances for those that are emmenly employd in
+Virginia, as well for us here, wee sent a coppy to ly amongst the
+records of your Counsell from whence, from the often veiw of former
+passadgs, wee wish every Counsellor may make permanent instructions, and
+no doubt much helps and furtherance may bee produced in most occasiones
+for the advancement of the plantacion.
+
+30. Item: that ther be espetiall care taken both of generall and
+particular survaies wherby not onlie a true mapp and face of the whole
+country, costs, creeks, rivers, highe ground & lowe ground, &c., may bee
+exactlie discoverid, but also the boundaries of the severall hundreds
+and plantacions, with the perticuler directions in them bee perfectlie
+sett forth from time to time, mainetained to prevent therby future
+differences that arise upon questions of possestion, wherin also itt may
+be fitting and moste usefull to posteritie to cast an imaginarie eye and
+view, wher and which way the grand highewayes may bee like to strike and
+passe through the dominions; in which course the hard mountaines, the
+fords, the places for bridges, &c., may nott unfittlie bee considered;
+for performance of all which the premises (and for the better
+sattisfaction) of the planters, whoe have so often required ther lands
+may bee devided and bounded, wee have now sent and furnished out Mr.
+William Cleyburne, gentleman, recomended unto us as very [fitt] in the
+art of surveying.
+
+31. Item: the oppressing and imoderate fees heretofore exacted in
+Virginia by divers officers in valuacion of ther paines & travell for
+the Colonies service have partlie occationed the settling a competent
+revenue to arrise therby tenants to everie cheif officer; wee now
+forbidd that officer so provided for, or otherwise by allotted parts out
+of the common profitt recompenced, doe take any other fees for execution
+of ther severall places either directly or indirectly; neverthelesse,
+that clarks & such like may have a reward for ther dilligence, wee
+require you by order to sett downe some small proportion for passes,
+warrants, copies of orders, seales, &c., or proportionably to the merits
+of servants paines and attendance.
+
+32. Item: the Governor & Counsell assembled within a short time after
+the arivall of this shipp are to sett downe the fittest months after
+ther quarterlie meeting of the Counsell of State according to the
+seasons and to fitting meanes for ther entertayment, together with
+regaurd of the best ease and benifitt of the people, that shall have
+occasion to addresse themselves unto the Counsell, either for justice or
+direction; considering also the times of making ther dispathes to
+England, according to the oppertunities of shiping ther comeing or
+goeing.
+
+33. That the Governor for the time being in or about the foresaid time
+doe summon by an officer appointed for that purpose the Counsell of
+State to appeare at a day and to bee together for the space of one whole
+month or more if need shall requier to advise & consult upon matter of
+Counsell of State and of the generall affaires of the Colonie, and as
+ther shalbee cause to order and determine the greater causes of
+consequence or such matter as shall growe or arise within the Colonie,
+either by reference or judgment; and that free accesse bee permitted to
+all suiters to make knowne ther perticuler grevances, bee itt against
+what person soever. And if the plaint appeare to bee important, to
+record the same ther & to returne a coppy ther of together with the
+report of your proceeding therin.
+
+34. As also to keepe a perfect register of all the acts of each quarter
+sessions duely and orderlie and therof to returne a perfect transcript
+unto us by the first oppertunitie of shipping from time to time. And
+that at everie sessions you cause all instructions and charters that are
+already or shall hereafter bee sent from hence to bee read and so from
+sessions to sessions untill our directory shall bee fullie executed.
+
+35. Item: in case of the Governor death or removall or suspencion by
+order from hence untill other direction from us can come, wee requier
+that the Counsell or major part of them then residing in Virginia doe
+imedialie assemble themselves and within fourteene dayes or sooner from
+out of ther body to elect one to supplie the place for the time; and to
+preserve the state of bussinesse still in the same current that it was.
+
+36. The relation of which act of Counsell wee will you send us with as
+much speede as may bee, and if ther should bee an unexpected division in
+the voices of the counsell that a just halfe should bee willing to elect
+one and the other halfe desirous of another, then wee will that election
+bee made of the Leftennant Governor; and in his absence or necessarie
+cause of declining the Marshall, and in case of his default or such
+refusall then the Treasurer, then one of the two deputies or the other
+till the place of Governor be settled in on [one] of our said cheif
+officers.
+
+37. Item: whereas ther hath bin severall directions given to the former
+Governor for fixing the tenants uppon the lands as well belonging to the
+Governor place as other the officers seated by the Governor, which uppon
+pretences hath bin allowed and neglected and the men lett out to the
+heir; wee requier you that hereafter no officer bee permitted to lett
+out his tenants, butt settle them uppon the lands sett out for his
+place, enjoining them to enclose gardens, build howses, deviding them
+into families or societies, to place them upon the land appropriated to
+his office, excepting onlie the Counsell shall have power to make a
+convenient order at one of the quarter sessions to dispence with this
+article for the space of six months & that in case onlie of extreeme
+necessitie.
+
+38. Item: the Governor, onlie for the time being, shall summon Counsells
+and sine warrants & execute or give athoritie for execution of the
+Counsells orders, except in cases which seeme to appertaine to the
+imediate execucions of Liftenant Generall, Marshall, Tresuror, or
+deputies, wherin according to ther severall comissions or by a conceaved
+order from a quarter counsell the officers are severallie directed and
+authorised.
+
+39. The Governor for the time being shall have absolute power and
+authoritie according to the implicacion of his particular commission to
+direct, determine and punish at his good discretion any emergent
+buissnes, neglect or contempt of authority in any kind or what soever
+negligence or contempt may bee found in any person ther residing or
+being, except only those of the Counsell for ther on persons whoe are in
+such cases to bee summoned to appeare at the next quarter session of the
+Counsell holdne ther abide ther censure; in the meane time if the
+Governor shall thinke itt may concerne either the quiett of that state
+to proceed more speedily with such an offendor, itt shall bee lawful to
+summon a Counsell extreordinarie, wherat six of the Counsell at lest are
+to bee present with the said Governor and by the main parte of ther
+voices committ any Counsellor to saife custody or upon baile to appere
+and abide the order of the nextt quarter counsell.
+
+40. Everie order and decree of the Counsell of State shalbe concluded by
+the major parte of voices at that Assembly, wherin the Governor for the
+time being is to have a casting voice if the nomber of Counsellors
+should bee even or should bee equally devided in oppinnion;
+neverthelesse reserving to the said Governor a negative voice att any
+Generall Assembly according to a former comission granted.[26]
+
+    [Footnote 26: One of the few references to the _Commission_,
+    not the "Instructions", to Yeardley, authorizing a General
+    Assembly.]
+
+41. Item: wee pray you likewise to take into your care the protexcion of
+the people, that they suffer no wrong by the engrossing commodity &
+forestalling the marketts, butt preserve them open for all men freely or
+indifferently to buy or sell.
+
+42. Item: wee requier you expecially to see the publicke labors to bee
+from time to time equally charged & burdned for the people that one mans
+tenants bee nott favored above others or officers tenants favored more
+then those of the puplique; and to the end those services may fall as
+easy to all ports as may bee, wee thinke in the punishment of all
+enormus misdemeanors, &c., ill deservers bee condemned to a nomber of
+days works for puplique use & building, or to finnishing of a fence or
+dike, or to cariage or roweing according to the meritt of the offence.
+
+43. Item: where as the Right Honourable the Earle of Pembroke with
+divers his associates have undertaken to plaint thirty thousand acres of
+land in Virginia, we therfore intreat you to make choice of the best
+seate on that river that is not yett inhabited; and herin to take the
+advise of Mr. Leech, whoe now goes over to veiw the cuntrie and to bee
+enployd in that plantacion which being sett out wee desier to be
+informed therof.
+
+44. Item: as wee hold itt most necessarie that you provide for the
+generall safety and securing of your selves and estats together, so doe
+wee conceave it a matter of exceeding great advantage & incouragment to
+discover everie day farther by the sea coast and within land about which
+wee requier you to conceave a fitting course from time espetiallie to
+find good fishing betweene James river and Cape Cod or any wher within
+our limmittes wherin wee suppose the new trade of commodities found
+wilbe like to recompence the troble and charge bestowed therin, for wee
+are certainely informed that the Dutchmen within 20 or 30 leagues of
+your plantacion steile a trade for furrs, &c., to ther verie great gaine
+& content.
+
+45. Item: for as much as planting of staple commodities is useuallie
+much advanced by example taken one from another, wee expect that the
+cheif officers by ther owne particular employment of ther people & land,
+& setting forth the benifitts & hopes of such endeavors, shall
+exceedinglie advance the state of commodity and trade.
+
+46. Item: wee doe moreover requier that according to your oaths and
+severall charges your thoughts & endeavors be unanimouslie employed for
+performance of our instructions in generall, & particuler that chieflie
+aiminge at the establishment of the Colonie your selves & all of us that
+have endeavorid therein may bee comforted in a happie apparence of
+prosperity of the plantacion which wilbe glorious before God and
+infinitt honor, strenght & profitt to our King & Cuntry.
+
+47. Lastly wee pray you that no shipp that now or at any time wee shall
+send at the companies charge to Virginia bee suffered to stay ther above
+thirty dayes for avoiding of charge which hath heretofore grown uppon
+long voydges in freight & wages & that you suffer not in the said shipps
+any goods provicions sent thither to bee brought from thence againe by
+any marriners, passengers or others uppon paine of some punishment to be
+inflicted upon them; and although the infancy of the plantacion may nott
+some time afford the more valuable comodities to freight the shipps home
+uppon so short a stay, yett wee suppose that a prudent course &
+preperacion may at last afford them choice timber as clear walnutt or
+some other such lesse valueable commodity to add to ther lading which
+will yeild more profitt to the Companie with the shipps quicke returne
+then is usueally raised by ther best comodities when longer accompt for
+freightt hath drawne on a further charge. Given under the Counsell scale
+the fower and twentith day of Julie, 1621; and in the yeare of the raign
+of our soveraigne Lord James, by the grace of God of England, Scotland,
+France and Ireland, Defender of the faith, &c., that is to say of
+England, France and Ireland the nineteenth and Scottland the fower and
+fiftith.
+
+  Signed by the Earl of Southampton
+
+  Sir Edwin Sandis
+  Mr. John Davers
+  Mr. John Ferrar, deputy
+  Mr. Thomas Gibbs
+  Mr. Sam Wrote
+  Mr. Nicholas Ferrar
+  Doctor Anthony
+  Doctor Williamson
+  Doctor Galston
+  Mr. George Sandys
+
+Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 468-482.
+
+
+
+
+  TREASURER AND COMPANY. AN
+  ORDINANCE AND CONSTITUTION FOR
+  COUNCIL AND ASSEMBLY IN VIRGINIA
+
+
+
+
+JULY 24, 1621
+
+
+    To all people to whom these presents shall come, bee seen or
+    heard, the Treasuror, Council and Company of Adventurers and
+    Planters of the Citty of London for the First Collony in
+    Virginia send greeting: knowe yee that wee, the said
+    Treasuror, Counsell and Company, takeing into our carefull
+    consideracion the present state of the said Colony in
+    Virginia, and intending by the Devine assistance to settle
+    such a forme of government ther as may bee to the greatest
+    benifitt and comfort of the people and wherby all injustice,
+    grevance and oppression may bee prevented and kept of as
+    much as is possible from the said Colony, have thought fitt
+    to make our entrance by ordaining & establishing such
+    supreame Counsells as may not only bee assisting to the
+    Governor for the time being in administracion of justice and
+    the executing of other duties to his office belonging, but
+    also by ther vigilent care & prudence may provide as well
+    for remedy of all inconveniencies groweing from time to time
+    as also for the advancing of encrease, strength, stabillitie
+    and prosperitie of the said Colony:
+
+Wee therefore, the said Treasuror, Counsell and Company, by authoritie
+directed to us from His Majestie under his Great Seale, upon mature
+deliberacion doe hereby order & declare that from hence forward ther bee
+towe supreame Counsells in Virginia for the better government of the
+said Colony as aforesaid: the one of which Counsells to bee called the
+Counsell of State and whose office shall cheiflie bee assisting, wth
+ther care, advise & circomspection, to the said Governor; shall be
+chosen, nominated, placed and displaced from time to time by us, the
+said Treasurer, Counsell & Company and our successors; which Counsell of
+State shall consiste for the present onlie of those persons whose names
+are here inserted, vizt.: Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor of Virginia;
+Captaine Francis West; Sir George Yeardley, Knight; Sir William Newce,
+Knight, Marshall of Virginia; Mr. George Sandys, Tresuror; Mr. George
+Thorpe, Deputy of the Colledge; Captaine Thomas Newce, Deputy for the
+Company; Mr. Christopher Davison, Secretarie; Doctor Potts, Phesition to
+the Company; Mr. Paulet; Mr. Leech; Captaine Nathaniell Powell; Mr.
+Roger Smith; Mr. John Berkley; Mr. John Rolfe; Mr. Ralfe Hamer; Mr. John
+Pountus; Mr. Michael Lapworth; Mr. Harwood; [and] Mr. Samuel Macocke.
+Which said Counsellors and Counsell wee earnestlie pray & desier, and in
+His Majesties name strictlie charge and command, that all factious
+parcialties and sinister respects laid aside, they bend ther care and
+endeavors to assist the said Governor first and principallie in
+advancement of the honor and service of Almightie God and the
+enlargement of His kingdome amongste those heathen people; and next in
+the erecting of the said Colonie in one obedience to His Majestie and
+all lawful authoritie from His Majestis dirived; and lastlie in
+maitaining the said people in justice and Christian conversation among
+themselves and in strength and habillitie to wth stand ther ennimies.
+And this Counsell is to bee alwaies, or for the most part, residing
+about or neere the said Governor. The other Counsell, more generall, to
+bee called by the Governor, and yeerly, of course, & no oftner but for
+very extreordinarie & important occasions, shall consist for present of
+the said Counsell of State and of tow burgesses out of every towne,
+hunder [hundred] and other particuler plantacion to bee respetially
+chosen by the inhabitants. Which Counsell shalbee called the Generall
+Assemblie, wherein as also in the said Counsell of State, all matters
+shall be decided, determined & ordered by the greater part of the voices
+then present, reserveing alwaies to the Governor a negative voice. And
+this Generall Assembly shall have free power to treat, consult &
+conclude as well of all emergent occasions concerning the pupliqe weale
+of the said Colony and evrie parte therof as also to make, ordeine &
+enact such generall lawes & orders for the behoof of the said Colony and
+the good govermt therof as shall time to time appeare necessarie or
+requisite. Wherin as in all other things wee requier the said Gennerall
+Assembly, as also the said Counsell of State, to imitate and followe the
+policy of the forme of goverment, lawes, custome, manners of loyall and
+other administracion of justice used in the realme of England, as neere
+as may bee even as ourselves by His Majesties lettres patents are
+required; provided that noe lawes or ordinance made in the said Generall
+Assembly shalbe and continew in force and validitie, unlese the same
+shalbe sollemlie ratified and confirmed in a generall greater court of
+the said court here in England and so ratified and returned to them
+under our seale. It being our intent to affoord the like measure also
+unto the said Colony that after the goverment of the [said Colony, shall
+once have been well framed & settled accordingly, which is to be done by
+us as by authoritie derived from] his Majestie and the sa[me shall] have
+bene soe by us declared, no orders of our court afterwarde shall binde
+[the said] Colony unles they bee ratified in like manner in ther
+Generall Assembly.
+
+In wittnes wherof wee have hereunto sett our common seale the 24th day
+of [July] 1621, and in the yeare of the raigne of our governoure, Lord
+James by the ... of God of England, Scotland, France & Ireland, King,
+Defendor of the ... vizt., of England, France and Scotland the
+nineteenth and of Scotland the fower and fiftieth.
+
+Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 482-484. Stith, Appendix, pp. 32-34.
+
+
+
+
+  Transcriber's Notes:
+
+  This is one of a series of 23 pamphlets produced in 1957 in celebration
+    of the 350th anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown colony in
+    Virginia. Research indicates that the copyright on this book was not
+    renewed.
+  Spelling was left unchanged throughout.
+  Footnotes were indented and moved after the paragraph to which they
+    pertain.
+  Extra spaces within lists of names were removed. Extra spaces within
+    text were retained where they indicate omitted text in the original
+    manuscript. The printer used multiple footnote anchors, numbered 24
+    and 25, to indicate some of these blank spaces.
+  A comma was replaced with a period at the end of a sentence in the
+    Introduction: ... governing body. It was thus ...
+  A semicolon was replaced with a period at the end of numbered paragraph
+    9 in the "Instructions ... to Sir Thomas West ..."
+  In the "Instructions to the Governor and Council of State," brackets
+    around paragraph number 22 are indicate the number was missing in the
+    original. These brackets are not a footnote anchor.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Three Charters of the Virginia
+Company of London, by Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Three Charters of the Virginia Company
+of London, by Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London
+       With Seven Related Documents; 1606-1621
+
+Author: Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
+Release Date: May 21, 2011 [EBook #36181]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARTERS--VIRGINIA CO. OF LONDON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Carol Ann Brown and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net.
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+</pre>
+
+
+<h1>THE THREE CHARTERS OF THE<br />
+VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON</h1>
+
+<h3>With Seven Related Documents;<br />
+1606-1621<br />
+With an introduction by</h3
+>
+<h2>Samuel M. Bemiss</h2>
+<h4>President, Virginia Historical Society</h4>
+
+<p class="p4 center"><span class="smcap">Virginia 350th Anniversary
+Celebration Corporation<br /> Williamsburg, Virginia<br />
+1957</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2 center">COPYRIGHT©, 1957 BY<br />
+VIRGINIA 350TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION<br />
+CORPORATION, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA</p>
+
+<p class="p4 center">Jamestown 350th Anniversary<br />
+Historical Booklet Number 4</p>
+
+<div>
+<table class="bold" border="0" cellpadding="5"
+cellspacing="10" summary="Table of Contents">
+
+<tr><th>CONTENTS</th></tr>
+
+<tr><td>Introduction</td><td class="right"><a href="#pg_0">v</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>The First Charter, April 10, 1606</td><td class="right"><a
+href="#pg_1">1</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>Articles, Instructions and Orders<br /> November 20,
+1606</td><td class="right"><a href="#pg_2">13</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>Ordinance and Constitution, March 9, 1607</td><td
+align='right'><a href="#pg_3">23</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>The Second Charter, May 23, 1609</td><td class="right"><a
+href="#pg_4">27</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>Virginia Council Instructions to<br /> Sir Thomas Gates, May,
+1609</td><td class="right"><a href="#pg_5">55</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>Virginia Council Instructions to<br /> Sir Thomas West,
+1609/10</td><td class="right"><a href="#pg_6">70</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>The Third Charter, March 12, 1612</td><td class="right"><a
+href="#pg_7">76</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>Virginia Company Instructions to<br /> Sir George Yeardley,
+November 18, 1618<br /> (Sometimes called "The Great Charter")</td><td
+class="righta"><a href="#pg_8">95</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>Virginia Company Instructions to Governor and<br /> Council in
+Virginia, July 24, 1621</td><td class="right"><a href="#pg_9">109</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>Treasurer and Company. An Ordinance and Constitution<br /> for
+Council and Assembly in Virginia, July 24, 1621</td><td class="right"><a
+href="#pg_10">126</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p class="p4 center"><a name="pg_0"></a>INTRODUCTION</p>
+
+<p class="p2">Historians may trace in the Royal charters issued to the
+Virginia Company of London a course of empire; a Company organized for
+profit by the ablest businessmen of their time&mdash;merchants,
+manufacturers, statesmen, and artists who bound themselves together in a
+joint stock enterprise. The historian may also find in the three
+charters here published a pattern for a parliamentary system and its
+development into the American form of government. He might even perceive
+the inception of a new society.</p>
+
+<p>The origin of the joint stock company was probably primitive. Its
+later genesis may readily be seen in the medieval guild. It became an
+English institution in its application by Sir Walter Raleigh to his
+magnificent adventures in both honest trade and romantic piracy.</p>
+
+<p>The Company provided an agency for assembling adventure capital and
+supplying able management to enterprises of great moment. It offered an
+invitation to the industrious to participate in the growing wealth and
+expanding power of the great English middle class. It supplied an
+opportunity to small investors and it limited their liability. It was an
+adaptation by practical people to practical problems.</p>
+
+<p>Subscribers, or shareholders, met in their quarterly courts to
+discuss the business of the Company and participate in its management.
+These courts were the counterpart of our present day corporate
+stockholders' meetings and were characterized by the same sort of
+discussions. King James could protest vehemently against the
+"democratical principles of the Company." He could see in their charters
+the final death warrant of feudalism. He could execute Raleigh "chiefly
+for giving satisfaction to the King of Spain." He could revoke the
+charters in 1624, but he could not stop the rising tide of
+representative institutions nor darken the great vision of the liberal
+Elizabethans. A new day had dawned.</p>
+
+<p>The General Assembly which met at Jamestown in 1619 was the natural
+child of the Company. Some of the planters along the James River were
+shareholders in the Company. They had a voice in its management. In the
+management of the civil affairs of the Colony it was, therefore, logical
+that the plantations should elect their representatives to the local
+governing body. It was thus that the first freely elected parliament of
+a self-governing people in the Western World came into existence. Its
+principles were based on those of the corporation chartered and
+organized for profit by businessmen.</p>
+
+<p>The three charters here published, changed successively to meet
+changing conditions, were the rules and the by-laws for the commercial,
+economic, and political development of a homogeneous, industrious
+English society in a land of opportunity. The principal authors and
+executors of the charters, Sir Thomas Smith and Sir Edwin and George
+Sandys, were businessmen. They were practical men. They found a
+practical way to assemble capital and ability, and coordinate them in
+constructive enterprise.</p>
+
+<p>A hundred years before the great Virginia adventure, Luther, Erasmus,
+and Columbus rang down the curtain on the weary and confined drama of
+the Middle Ages. Expanding horizons challenged man's vision and
+intellect. Great courage made Englishmen adventurers in all things.</p>
+
+<p>The charters here presented are among the world's great documents.
+The first which was drawn while Sir Edward Coke was Lord Chief Justice
+is replete with certain traditional and feudal principles, reverence for
+the English common law and the supreme authority of the King and his
+agents. The second, principally the work of the liberal Sir Edwin Sandys
+with the approving participation of Sir Francis Bacon, great exponent of
+natural law, marks a transition from government by arbitrary royal
+authority to the concept that government rests on the consent of the
+governed and on the fundamental right of man to enjoy the fruits of his
+labor. Students may read in this charter the first principles of the
+American Constitution. The third charter is an attempt to refine
+principles enunciated in the second in the light of experience. In
+addition to its political significance, the second charter proved a
+tremendous stimulus to the Virginia enterprise.</p>
+
+<p>Gondomar, the Spanish Ambassador, wrote to his King that "fourteen
+Counts and Barons have given 40,000 ducats, the merchants give much more
+and there is no poor little man or woman who is not willing to subscribe
+something." The landed aristocracy, gentry, merchants, and yeomen had
+joined in a company which they directed to provide capital and ability
+for a great enterprise.</p>
+
+<p>The text of the three charters of the Virginia Company is taken from
+a contemporary copy recently discovered among the Chancery Rolls of the
+Public Record Office in London&mdash;contemporary enrollments
+"representing the official text of the charters kept in official
+custody," according to the Deputy Keeper, Mr. D. L. Evans. A photostatic
+copy of this manuscript is in possession of the Virginia State Library.
+Each charter was transcribed in England by Doctor Nellie J. M. Kerling
+for the editor's use.</p>
+
+<p>Heretofore scholars have had access to the charters only through the
+text in William Stith's <i>The History of the First Discovery and
+Settlement of Virginia</i> (Williamsburg, Printed by William Parks,
+1747), in sources based upon this, or in Alexander Brown's <i>The
+Genesis of the United States</i> (Boston, 1890).</p>
+
+<p>No original of any of the charters is known to exist, although other
+copies of varying degrees of completeness have been located in England
+and on the continent. One copy, made with the authority of the Governor,
+Council, and House of Burgesses of the Colony, was used as evidence to
+support a petition against Lord Culpeper's land grants. This is included
+in the Henry Coventry papers in the library of the Marquess of Bath at
+Longleat, Wiltshire, England (Vol. LXXVI, <i>Papers relating to
+Virginia, Barbados, and other Colonies, 1606-1675</i>). These documents
+have been microfilmed by the American Council of Learned Societies,
+"British Manuscripts Project." Many of them will soon be published by
+the Virginia Historical Society under the editorship of Dr. W. E.
+Washburn.</p>
+
+<p>Another copy of the charters is in the Public Record Office, "Entry
+books of letters, commissions, instructions, charters, warrants,
+patents, grants, etc." (formerly "Record book No. LXXIX"), an abstract
+of which appears in the <i>Calendar of State Papers, Colonial
+Series</i>, Vol. I. Microfilm copies of this text are in the Library of
+Congress and the Virginia State Library. Other copies have recently been
+discovered in France and Spain by Dr. George Reese who has been employed
+by the Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation to search
+foreign libraries for documentary material pertinent to the study of
+17th century Virginia. Ultimately, microfilm copies of these records
+will be made available to research libraries in the United States.</p>
+
+<p>The seven accompanying documents, included to illustrate the
+practical rather than theoretical basis of the administration of the
+Colony, have been taken from the best available manuscript or printed
+source. These official papers, together with the three charters of the
+Virginia Company, may be termed the constitutions and are the basic
+sources for the study of the Colony during the first fifteen years of
+its existence.</p>
+
+<p>A few necessary liberties have been taken in transcribing these
+documents: abbreviations and contractions have been spelled out,
+capitalization and punctuation have been adjusted according to modern
+usage and, to prevent possible confusion, certain letters used
+interchangeably (such as "i" and "j", "v" and "u") are employed
+according to twentieth century practice. In the text of the three
+charters, omitted words or phrases have been supplied in brackets from
+the text in Stith. Brackets are also employed to supply the name of an
+adventurer if there is any deviation in spelling between Stith and the
+manuscript version: <i>e.g.</i>, "Sir Charles Willmott, Knight
+[Wilmot]."</p>
+
+<p>This publication owes its issuance to the inspiration and leadership
+furnished by Dr. Earl G. Swem, Librarian Emeritus of the College of
+William and Mary. I should like also to acknowledge the faithful
+transcription of the text by Dr. Nellie J. N. Kerling, and the deep
+interest and active support of Dr. Gertrude R. B. Richards, who most
+patiently assisted in the transcription; also to Mr. Francis L.
+Berkeley, Jr., Archivist of the Alderman Library, University of Virginia
+and to Mr. John M. Jennings, Director of the Virginia Historical
+Society. To Mr. James A. Servies, Reference Librarian of the Library of
+William and Mary College, has fallen the arduous and difficult task of a
+comparative, detailed study of all the texts in the different versions.
+The printed text in these pages is from a typed copy by Mr. Servies,
+prepared with the most painstaking application, as the result of the
+comparison of copies transcribed by Dr. Kerling and Dr. Richards, and of
+the printed pages in Stith. The merit of an accurate and readable text
+must be ascribed to the industry and scholarly perception of Mr.
+Servies.</p>
+
+<p class="quotesiga"><span class="smcap">Samuel M. Bemiss</span></p>
+
+<h1>THE THREE CHARTERS OF THE VIRGINIA<br /> COMPANY
+OF LONDON</h1>
+
+<h4><a name="pg_1"></a>THE FIRST CHARTER</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">April</span> 10, 1606</p>
+
+<p class="p2">James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland,
+France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith], etc. Whereas our loving and
+weldisposed subjects, Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Somers, Knightes;
+Richarde Hackluit, Clarke, Prebendarie of Westminster; and Edwarde Maria
+Winghfeilde,<a name="fnanchor_1" id="fnanchor_1"></a><a
+href="#footnote_1" class="fnanchor"><sup>[1]</sup></a> Thomas Hannam and
+Raleighe Gilberde, Esquiers; William Parker and George Popham,
+Gentlemen; and divers others of our loving subjects, have been humble
+sutors unto us that wee woulde vouchsafe unto them our licence to make
+habitacion, plantacion and to deduce a colonie of sondrie of our people
+into that parte of America commonly called Virginia, and other parts and
+territories in America either appartaining unto us or which are not nowe
+actuallie possessed by anie Christian prince or people, scituate, lying
+and being all along the sea coastes between fower and thirtie degrees of
+northerly latitude from the equinoctiall line and five and fortie
+degrees of the same latitude and in the maine lande betweene the same
+fower and thirtie and five and fourtie degrees, and the ilandes
+thereunto adjacente or within one hundred miles of the coaste
+thereof;</p>
+
+<p>And to that ende, and for the more speedy accomplishemente of theire
+saide intended plantacion and habitacion there, are desirous to devide
+themselves into two severall colonies and companies, the one consisting
+of certaine Knightes, gentlemen, marchanntes and other adventurers of
+our cittie of London, and elsewhere, which are and from time to time
+shalbe joined unto them which doe desire to begin theire plantacions and
+habitacions in some fitt and conveniente place between fower and thirtie
+and one and fortie degrees of the said latitude all alongest the coaste
+of Virginia and coastes of America aforesaide; and the other consisting
+of sondrie Knightes, gentlemen, merchanntes, and other adventurers of
+our citties of Bristoll and Exeter, and of our towne of Plymouthe, and
+of other places which doe joine themselves unto that colonie which doe
+desire to beginn theire plantacions and habitacions in some fitt and
+convenient place betweene eighte and thirtie degrees and five and fortie
+degrees of the saide latitude all alongst the saide coaste of Virginia
+and America as that coaste lieth;</p>
+
+<p>Wee, greately commending and graciously accepting of theire desires
+to the furtherance of soe noble a worke which may, by the providence of
+Almightie God, hereafter tende to the glorie of His Divine Majestie in
+propagating of Christian religion to suche people as yet live in
+darkenesse and miserable ignorance of the true knoweledge and worshippe
+of God and may in tyme bring the infidels and salvages living in those
+parts to humane civilitie and to a setled and quiet govermente, doe by
+theise our lettres patents graciously accepte of and agree to theire
+humble and well intended desires;</p>
+
+<p>And doe, therefore, for us, our heires and successors, grannte and
+agree that the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sumers, Richarde
+Hackluit and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, adventurers of and for our
+cittie of London, and all suche others as are or shalbe joined unto them
+of that Colonie, shalbe called the Firste Colonie, and they shall and
+may beginne theire saide firste plantacion and seate of theire firste
+aboade and habitacion at anie place upon the saide coaste of Virginia or
+America where they shall thincke fitt and conveniente betweene the saide
+fower and thirtie and one and fortie degrees of the saide latitude; and
+that they shall have all the landes, woods, soile, groundes, havens,
+ports, rivers, mines, mineralls, marshes, waters, fishinges, commodities
+and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the said first seate of theire
+plantacion and habitacion by the space of fiftie miles of Englishe
+statute measure all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America
+towardes the weste and southe weste as the coaste lieth, with all the
+islandes within one hundred miles directlie over againste the same sea
+coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens, ports,
+rivers, mines, mineralls, woods, marrishes [marshes], waters, fishinges,
+commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the saide place of
+theire firste plantacion and habitacion for the space of fiftie like
+Englishe miles, all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America
+towardes the easte and northeaste [or toward the north] as the coaste
+lieth, together with all the islandes within one hundred miles directlie
+over againste the same sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, woodes,
+soile, groundes, havens, portes, rivers, mines, mineralls, marrishes,
+waters, fishinges, commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the
+same fiftie miles everie waie on the sea coaste directly into the maine
+lande by the space of one hundred like Englishe miles; and shall and may
+inhabit and remaine there; and shall and may alsoe builde and fortifie
+within anie the same for theire better safegarde and defence, according
+to theire best discrecions and the direction of the Counsell of that
+Colonie; and that noe other of our subjectes shalbe permitted or
+suffered to plante or inhabit behinde or on the backside of them
+towardes the maine lande, without the expresse licence or consente of
+the Counsell of that Colonie thereunto in writing firste had or
+obtained.</p>
+
+<p>And wee doe likewise for us, our heires and successors, by theise
+presentes grannte and agree that the saide Thomas Hannam and Raleighe
+Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and all others of the towne
+of Plymouthe in the countie of Devon, or elsewhere, which are or shalbe
+joined unto them of that Colonie, shalbe called the Seconde Colonie; and
+that they shall and may beginne theire saide firste plantacion and seate
+of theire first aboade and habitacion at anie place upon the saide
+coaste of Virginia and America, where they shall thincke fitt and
+conveniente, betweene eighte and thirtie degrees of the saide latitude
+and five and fortie degrees of the same latitude; and that they shall
+have all the landes, soile, groundes, havens, ports, rivers, mines,
+mineralls, woods, marishes, waters, fishinges, commodities and
+hereditaments whatsoever, from the firste seate of theire plantacion and
+habitacion by the space of fiftie like Englishe miles, as is aforesaide,
+all alongeste the saide coaste of Virginia and America towardes the
+weste and southwest, or towardes the southe, as the coaste lieth, and
+all the islandes within one hundred miles directlie over againste the
+saide sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens,
+portes, rivers, mines, mineralls, woods, marishes, waters, fishinges,
+commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the saide place of
+theire firste plantacion and habitacion for the space of fiftie like
+miles all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America towardes the
+easte and northeaste or towardes the northe, as the coaste liethe, and
+all the islandes alsoe within one hundred miles directly over againste
+the same sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens,
+ports, rivers, woodes, mines, mineralls, marishes, waters, fishings,
+commodities and hereditaments whatsoever, from the same fiftie miles
+everie waie on the sea coaste, directlie into the maine lande by the
+space of one hundred like Englishe miles; and shall and may inhabit and
+remaine there; and shall and may alsoe builde and fortifie within anie
+the same for theire better saufegarde according to theire beste
+discrecions and the direction of the Counsell of that Colonie; and that
+none of our subjectes shalbe permitted or suffered to plante or inhabit
+behinde or on the backe of them towardes the maine lande without the
+expresse licence or consente of the Counsell of that Colonie, in writing
+thereunto, firste had and obtained.</p>
+
+<p>Provided alwaies, and our will and pleasure herein is, that the
+plantacion and habitacion of suche of the saide Colonies as shall laste
+plante themselves, as aforesaid, shall not be made within one hundred
+like Englishe miles of the other of them that firste beganne to make
+theire plantacion, as aforesaide.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i017.jpg"
+width="319" height="500" alt="Illustration: King James I from the
+painting by Paul Van Somer" title="King James I from the painting by
+Paul Van Somer" />
+</div>
+
+<p>And wee doe alsoe ordaine, establishe and agree for [us], our heires
+and successors, that eache of the saide Colonies shall have a Counsell
+which shall governe and order all matters and causes which shall arise,
+growe, or happen to or within the same severall Colonies, according to
+such lawes, ordinannces and instructions as shalbe in that behalfe,
+given and signed with our hande or signe manuell and passe under the
+Privie Seale of our realme of Englande; eache of which Counsells shall
+consist of thirteene parsons<a name="fnanchor_2" id="fnanchor_2"></a><a
+href="#footnote_2" class="fnanchor"><sup>[2]</sup></a> and to be
+ordained, made and removed from time to time according as shalbe
+directed and comprised in the same instructions; and shall have a
+severall seale for all matters that shall passe or concerne the same
+severall Counsells, eache of which seales shall have the Kinges armes
+engraven on the one side there of and his pourtraiture on the other; and
+that the seale for the Counsell of the saide Firste Colonie shall have
+engraven rounde about on the one side theise wordes: Sigillum Regis
+Magne Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie; on the other side this
+inscripture rounde about: Pro Consillio Prime Colonie Virginie. And the
+seale for the Counsell of the saide Seconde Colonie shall alsoe have
+engraven rounde about the one side thereof the foresaide wordes:
+Sigillum Regis Magne Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie; and on the other
+side: Pro Consilio Secunde Colonie Virginie.</p>
+
+<p>And that alsoe ther shalbe a Counsell established here in Englande
+which shall in like manner consist of thirteen parsons to be, for that
+purpose, appointed by us, our heires and successors, which shalbe called
+our Counsell of Virginia; and shall from time to time have the superior
+managing and direction onelie of and for all matters that shall or may
+concerne the govermente, as well of the said severall Colonies as of and
+for anie other parte or place within the aforesaide precinctes of fower
+and thirtie and five and fortie degrees abovementioned; which Counsell
+shal in like manner have a seale for matters concerning the Counsell [or
+Colonies] with the like armes and purtraiture as aforesaide, with this
+inscription engraven rounde about the one side: Sigillum Regis Magne
+Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie; and rounde about the other side: Pro
+Consilio Suo Virginie.</p>
+
+<p>And more over wee doe grannte and agree for us, our heires and
+successors, that the saide severall Counsells of and for the saide
+severall Colonies shall and lawfully may by vertue hereof, from time to
+time, without interuption of us, our heires or successors, give and take
+order to digg, mine and searche for all manner of mines of goulde,
+silver and copper, as well within anie parte of theire saide severall
+Colonies as of the saide maine landes on the backside of the same
+Colonies; and to have and enjoy the goulde, silver and copper to be
+gotten there of to the use and behoofe of the same Colonies and the
+plantacions thereof; yeilding therefore yerelie to us, our heires and
+successors, the fifte parte onelie of all the same goulde and silver and
+the fifteenth parte of all the same copper soe to be gotten or had, as
+is aforesaid, and without anie other manner of profitt or accompte to be
+given or yeilded to us, our heires or successors, for or in respecte of
+the same.</p>
+
+<p>And that they shall or lawfullie may establishe and cawse to be made
+a coine, to passe currant there betwene the people of those severall
+Colonies for the more ease of traffique and bargaining betweene and
+amongest them and the natives there, of such mettall and in such manner
+and forme as the same severall Counsells there shall limitt and
+appointe. And wee doe likewise for us, our heires and successors, by
+theise presents give full power and auctoritie to the said Sir Thomas
+Gates, Sir George Sumers, Richarde Hackluit, Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde,
+Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and
+to everie of them, and to the saide severall Companies, plantacions and
+Colonies, that they and everie of them shall and may at all and everie
+time and times hereafter have, take and leade in the saide voyage, and
+for and towardes the saide severall plantacions and Colonies, and to
+travell thitherwarde and to abide and inhabit there in everie of the
+saide Colonies and plantacions, such and somanie of our subjectes as
+shall willinglie accompanie them, or anie of them, in the saide voyages
+and plantacions, with sufficiente shipping and furniture of armour,
+weapon, ordonnance, powder, victall, and all other thinges necessarie
+for the saide plantacions and for theire use and defence there: provided
+alwaies that none of the said parsons be such as hereafter shalbe
+speciallie restrained by us, our heires or successors.</p>
+
+<p>Moreover, wee doe by theise presents, for us, our heires and
+successors, give and grannte licence unto the said Sir Thomas Gates, Sir
+George Sumers, Richarde Hackluite, Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, Thomas
+Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and to
+everie of the said Colinies, that they and everie of them shall and may,
+from time to time and at all times for ever hereafter, for theire
+severall defences, incounter or expulse, repell and resist, aswell by
+sea as by lande, by all waies and meanes whatsoever, all and everie
+suche parson and parsons as without espiciall licence of the said
+severall Colonies and plantacions shall attempte to inhabit within the
+saide severall precincts and limitts of the saide severall Colonies and
+plantacions, or anie of them, or that shall enterprise or attempt at
+anie time hereafter the hurte, detrimente or annoyance of the saide
+severall Colonies or plantacions.</p>
+
+<p>Giving and grannting by theise presents unto the saide Sir Thomas
+Gates, Sir George Somers, Richarde Hackluite, and Edwarde Maria
+Winghfeilde, and theire associates of the said Firste Colonie, and unto
+the said Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George
+Popham, and theire associates of the saide Second Colonie, and to everie
+of them from time to time and at all times for ever hereafter, power and
+auctoritie to take and surprize by all waies and meanes whatsoever all
+and everie parson and parsons with theire shipps, vessels, goods and
+other furniture, which shalbe founde traffiqueing into anie harbor or
+harbors, creeke, creekes or place within the limitts or precincts of the
+saide severall Colonies and plantacions, not being of the same Colonie,
+untill such time as they, being of anie realmes or dominions under our
+obedience, shall paie or agree to paie to the handes of the Tresorer of
+the Colonie, within whose limitts and precincts theie shall soe
+traffique, twoe and a halfe upon anie hundred of anie thing soe by them
+traffiqued, boughte or soulde; and being stranngers and not subjects
+under our obeysannce, untill they shall paie five upon everie hundred of
+suche wares and commoditie as theie shall traffique, buy or sell within
+the precincts of the saide severall Colonies wherein theie shall soe
+traffique, buy or sell, as aforesaide; which sommes of money or
+benefitt, as aforesaide, for and during the space of one and twentie
+yeres nexte ensuing the date hereof shalbe whollie imploied to the use,
+benefitt and behoofe of the saide severall plantacions where such
+trafficque shalbe made; and after the saide one and twentie yeres ended
+the same shalbe taken to the use of us, our heires and successors by
+such officer and minister as by us, our heires and successors shalbe
+thereunto assigned or appointed.</p>
+
+<p>And wee doe further, by theise presentes, for us, our heires and
+successors, give and grannte unto the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George
+Sumers, Richarde Hachluit, and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, and to theire
+associates of the saide Firste Colonie and plantacion, and to the saide
+Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and
+theire associates of the saide Seconde Colonie and plantacion, that
+theie and everie of them by theire deputies, ministers and factors may
+transport the goods, chattells, armor, munition and furniture, needfull
+to be used by them for theire saide apparrell, defence or otherwise in
+respecte of the saide plantacions, out of our realmes of Englande and
+Irelande and all other our dominions from time to time, for and during
+the time of seaven yeres nexte ensuing the date hereof for the better
+releife of the said severall Colonies and plantacions, without anie
+custome, subsidie or other dutie unto us, our heires or successors to be
+yeilded or paide for the same.</p>
+
+<p>Alsoe wee doe, for us, our heires and successors, declare by theise
+presentes that all and everie the parsons being our subjects which shall
+dwell and inhabit within everie or anie of the saide severall Colonies
+and plantacions and everie of theire children which shall happen to be
+borne within the limitts and precincts of the said severall Colonies and
+plantacions shall have and enjoy all liberties, franchises and immunites
+within anie of our other dominions to all intents and purposes as if
+they had been abiding and borne within this our realme of Englande or
+anie other of our saide dominions.</p>
+
+<p>Moreover our gracious will and pleasure is, and wee doe by theise
+presents, for us, our heires and successors, declare and sett forthe,
+that if anie parson or parsons which shalbe of anie of the said Colonies
+and plantacions or anie other, which shall trafficque to the saide
+Colonies and plantacions or anie of them, shall at anie time or times
+hereafter transporte anie wares, marchandize or commodities out of [any]
+our dominions with a pretence and purpose to lande, sell or otherwise
+dispose the same within anie the limitts and precincts of anie of the
+saide Colonies and plantacions, and yet nevertheles being at the sea or
+after he hath landed the same within anie of the said Colonies and
+plantacions, shall carrie the same into any other forraine countrie with
+a purpose there to sell or dispose of the same without the licence of
+us, our heires or successors in that behalfe first had or obtained, that
+then all the goods and chattels of the saide parson or parsons soe
+offending and transporting, together with the said shippe or vessell
+wherein suche transportacion was made, shall be forfeited to us, our
+heires and successors.</p>
+
+<p>Provided alwaies, and our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby
+declare to all Christian kinges, princes and estates, that if anie
+parson or parsons which shall hereafter be of anie of the said severall
+Colonies and plantacions, or anie other, by his, theire, or anie of
+theire licence or appointment, shall at anie time or times hereafter
+robb or spoile by sea or by lande or doe anie acte of unjust and
+unlawfull hostilitie to anie the subjects of us, our heires or
+successors, or anie of the subjects of anie king, prince, ruler,
+governor or state being then in league or amitie with us, our heires or
+successors, and that upon suche injurie or upon juste complainte of such
+prince, ruler, governor or state or their subjects, wee, our heires or
+successors, shall make open proclamation within anie the ports of our
+realme of Englande, commodious for that purpose, that the saide parson
+or parsons having committed anie such robberie or spoile shall, within
+the terme to be limitted by suche proclamations, make full restitucion
+or satisfaction of all suche injuries done, soe as the saide princes or
+others soe complained may houlde themselves fully satisfied and
+contented; and that if the saide parson or parsons having committed such
+robberie or spoile shall not make or cause to be made satisfaction
+accordingly with[in] such time soe to be limitted, that then it shalbe
+lawfull to us, our heires and successors to put the saide parson or
+parsons having committed such robberie or spoile and theire procurers,
+abbettors or comfortors out of our allegeannce and protection; and that
+it shalbe lawefull and free for all princes and others to pursue with
+hostilitie the saide offenders and everie of them and theire and everie
+of theire procurers, aiders, abbettors and comforters in that
+behalfe.</p>
+
+<p>And finallie wee doe, for us, our heires and successors, grannte and
+agree, to and with the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sumers,
+Richarde Hackluit and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, and all other of the
+saide Firste Colonie, that wee, our heires or successors, upon peticion
+in that behalfe to be made, shall, by lettres patents under the Greate
+[Seale] of Englande, give and grannte unto such parsons, theire heires
+and assignees, as the Counsell of that Colonie or the most part of them
+shall for that purpose nomminate and assigne, all the landes, tenements
+and hereditaments which shalbe within the precincts limitted for that
+Colonie, as is aforesaid, to be houlden of us, our heires and successors
+as of our mannor of Eastgreenwiche in the countie of Kente, in free and
+common soccage onelie and not in capite.</p>
+
+<p>And doe, in like manner, grannte and agree, for us, our heires and
+successors, to and with the saide Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberd,
+William Parker and George Popham, and all others of the saide Seconde
+Colonie, that wee, our heires [and] successors, upon petition in that
+behalfe to be made, shall, by lettres patentes under the Great Seale of
+Englande, give and grannte unto such parsons, theire heires and
+assignees, as the Counsell of that Colonie or the most parte of them
+shall for that purpose nomminate and assigne, all the landes, tenementes
+and hereditaments which shalbe within the precinctes limitted for that
+Colonie as is afore said, to be houlden of us, our heires and successors
+as of our mannor of Eastgreenwich in the countie of Kente, in free and
+common soccage onelie and not in capite.</p>
+
+<p>All which landes, tenements and hereditaments soe to be passed by the
+saide severall lettres patents, shalbe, by sufficient assurances from
+the same patentees, soe distributed and devided amongest the undertakers
+for the plantacion of the said severall Colonies, and such as shall make
+theire plantacion in either of the said severall Colonies, in such
+manner and forme and for such estates as shall [be] ordered and sett
+[downe] by the Counsell of the same Colonie, or the most part of them,
+respectively, within which the same lands, tenements and hereditaments
+shall ly or be. Althoughe expresse mencion [of the true yearly value or
+certainty of the premises, or any of them, or of any other gifts or
+grants, by us or any our progenitors or predecessors, to the aforesaid
+Sir Thomas Gates, Knt. Sir George Somers, Knt. Richard Hackluit,
+Edward-Maria Wingfield, Thomas Hanham, Ralegh Gilbert, William Parker,
+and George Popham, or any of them, heretofore made, in these presents,
+is not made; or any statute, act, ordnance, or provision, proclamation,
+or restraint, to the contrary hereof had, made, ordained, or any other
+thing, cause, or matter whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.] In
+witnesse wherof [we have caused these our letters to be made patents;]
+witnesse our selfe at Westminister the xth day of Aprill [1606, in the
+fourth year of our reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of
+Scotland the nine and thirtieth.]</p>
+
+<p class="quotesig">[Lukin]</p>
+
+<p class="center">Exactum per breve de private sigillo [etc.]</p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1709;
+Stith, Appendix, pp. 1-8; Hening's <i>Statutes</i>, Vol. I, pp.
+57-66.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_1" id="footnote_1"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_1">[1]</a> Throughout, this and the following two
+names are spelled as "Wingfield," "Hanham," and "Gilbert" in Stith.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_2" id="footnote_2"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_2">[2]</a> <i>i.e.</i>, "persons"</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_2"></a>ARTICLES, INSTRUCTIONS AND ORDERS</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">November 20, 1606</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2 blockquote">Articles, instructions and orders made, sett
+down and established by us the twentieth day of November, in the year of
+our raigne of England, France and Ireland the fourth and of Scotland the
+fortieth, for the good order and government of the two several Colonies
+and plantations to be made by our loving subjects in the country
+commonly called Virginia and America, between 34 and 45 degrees from the
+aequinoctial line.</p>
+
+<p>Wheras wee, by our letters pattents under our Great Seale of England
+bearing date att Westminster the tenth day of Aprill in the year of our
+raigne of England, France and Ireland the fourth and of Scotland the
+39th, have given lycence to sundry our loving subjects named in the said
+letters pattents, and to their associates, to deduce and conduct two
+several Collonies or plantations of sundry our loving people willing to
+abide and inhabit in certaine parts of Virginia and America, with divers
+preheminences, priviledges, authorities and other things, as in and by
+the same letters pattents more particularly it appeareth; wee, according
+to the effect and true meaning of the same letters pattents, doe by
+these presents, signed with our hand, signe manuel and sealed with our
+Privy Seale of our realme of England, establish and ordaine that our
+trusty and welbeloved Sir William Wade, Knight, our Lieutanant of our
+Tower of London; Sir Thomas Smith, Knight; Sir Walter Cope, Knight; Sir
+George Moor, Knight; Sir Francis Popeham, Knight; Sir Ferdinando Gorges,
+Knight; Sir John Trevor, Knight; Sir Henry Montague, Knight, Recorder of
+the citty of London; Sir William Rumney, Knight; John Dodderidge, Esq.,
+Solliciter General; Thomas la Warr, Esq.; John Eldred, of the citty of
+London, merchant; Thomas James, of the citty of Bristol, merchant; and
+James Bagge, of Plymouth, in the county of Devonshire, merchant; shall
+be our Councel for all matters which shall happen in Virginia or any the
+territories of America between 34 and 45 degrees from the aequinoctial
+line northward and the islands to the several Collonies limitted and
+assigned; and that they shal be called the King's Councel of Virginia,
+which Councel or the most part of them shal have full power and
+authority att our pleasure, in our name and under us, our heires and
+successors, to give directions to the Councels of the several Colonies
+which shal be within any part of the said country of Virginia and
+America within the degrees first above mentioned, with the islands
+aforesaid, for the good government of the people to be planted in those
+parts and for the good ordering and disposing of all causes happening
+within the same (and the same to be done for the substance thereof as
+neer to the common lawes of England and the equity thereof as may be)
+and to passe under our scale app[ointed]<a name="fnanchor_3"
+id="fnanchor_3"></a><a href="#footnote_3"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[3]</sup></a> for that Councel, which Councel and
+every or any of them shall from time to [time] be increased, altered or
+changed and others put in their places att the [nomi]nation of us, our
+heires and successors and att our and their will and plea[sure]; and the
+same Councel of Virginia or the more part of them, for the time bei[ng],
+shall nominate and appoint the first several Councellours of those
+several Councells which are to be appointed for those two several
+Colonies whi[ch are] to be made plantations in Virginia and America
+between the degrees [before] mentioned, according to our said letters
+pattents in that behalfe made; and that each of the same Councels of the
+same several Colonies shal, by the major part of them, choose one of the
+same Councel, not being the minister of God's word, to be President of
+the same Councel and to continue in that office by the space of one
+whole year, unlesse he shall in the mean time dye or be removed from
+that office; and wee doe further hereby establish &amp; ordaine that it
+shal be lawful for the major part of either of the said Councells, upon
+any just cause, either absence or otherwise, to remove the President or
+any other of that Councel from being either President or any of that
+Councel, and upon the deathes or removal of any of the Presidents or
+Councel it shal be lawfull for the major part of that Councel to elect
+another in the place of the party soe dying or removed, soo alwaies as
+they shal not be above thirteen of either of the said Councellours; and
+wee doe establish &amp; ordaine that the President shal not continue in
+his office of Presidentship above the space of one year; and wee doe
+especially ordaine, charge and require the said Presidents and Councells
+and the ministers of the said several Colonies respectively, within
+their several limits and precincts, that they with all diligence, care
+and respect doe provide that the true word and service of God and
+Christian faith be preached, planted and used, not only within every of
+the said several Colonies and plantations but alsoe as much as they may
+amongst the salvage people which doe or shall adjoine unto them or
+border upon them, according to the doctrine, rights and religion now
+professed and established within our realme of England; and that they
+shall not suffer any person or persons to withdrawe any of the subjects
+or people inhabiting or which shall inhabit within any of the said
+several Colonies and plantations from the same or from their due
+allegiance unto us, our heires and successors, as their immediate
+soveraigne under God; and if they shall find within any of the said
+Colonies and plantations any person or persons soe seeking to withdrawe
+any of the subjects of us, our heires or successors, or any of the
+people of those lands or territories within the precincts aforesaid,
+they shall with all diligence him or them soe offending cause to be
+apprehended, arrested and imprisoned until he shall fully and throughly
+reforme himselfe, or otherwise, when the cause soe requireth, that he
+shall withall convenient speed be sent into our realme of England, here
+to receive condigne punishment for his or their said offence or
+offences; and moreover wee doe hereby ordaine and establish for us, our
+heires and successors that all the lands, tenements and hereditaments to
+be had and enjoyed by any of our subjects with the precincts aforesaid
+shal be had and inherited and injoyed according as in the like estates
+they be had &amp; enjoyed by the lawes within this realme of England;
+and that the offences of tumults, rebellion, conspiracies, mutiny and
+seditions in those parts which maybe dangerous to the estates there,
+together with murther, manslaughter, incest, rapes and adulteries
+committed in those parts within the precincts of any the degrees above
+mentioned (and noe other offences) shal be punished by death, and that
+without the benefit of the clergy except in case of manslaughter, in
+which clergie is to be allowed; and that the said several Presidents and
+Councells and the greater number of them within every of the several
+limits and precincts shall have full power and authority to hear and
+determine all and every the offences aforesaid within the precinct of
+their several Colonies, in manner and forme following, that is to say,
+by twelve honest and indifferent persons sworne upon the Evangelists, to
+be returned by such ministers and officers, as every of the said
+Presidents and Councells, or the most part of them respectively, shall
+assigne; and the twelve persons soe returned and sworne shall, according
+to their evidence to be given unto them upon oath and according to the
+truth in their consciences, either convict or acquit every of the said
+persons soe to be accused &amp; tried by them; and that all and every
+person or persons which shall voluntarily confesse any of the said
+offences to be committed by him shall, upon such his confession thereof,
+be convicted of the same as if he had been found guilty of the same by
+the verdict of any such twelve jurors, as is aforesaid; and that every
+person and persons which shall be accused of any of the said offences
+and which shall stand mute or refusing to make direct answer thereunto,
+shall be and be held convicted of the said offence as if he had been
+found guilty by the verdict of such twelve jurors, as aforesaid; and
+that every person and persons soe convicted either by verdict, his own
+confession or by standing mute or by refusing directly to answer as
+aforesaid of any of the offences before mentioned, the said Presidents
+or Councells, or the greatest number of them within their several
+precincts and limitts where such conviction shall be had and made, as
+aforesaid, shall have full power and authority by these presents to give
+judgment of death upon every such offended [offender] without the
+benefit of the clergy, except only in cause of manslaughter, and noe
+person soe adjudged, attainted or condemned shall be reprived from the
+execution of the said judgment without the consent of the said President
+and Councel, or the most part of them by whom such judgment shall be
+given; and that noe person shal receive any pardon or be absolutely
+discharged of any the said offences for which he shall be condemned to
+death, as aforesaid, but by pardon of us, our heires and successors,
+under the Great Seale of England; and wee doe in like manner establish
+and ordaine if any either of the said Collonies shall offend in any of
+the offences before mentioned, within any part between the degrees
+aforesaid, out of the precincts of his or their Collony, that then every
+such offender or offenders shall be tried and punished as aforesaid
+within his or their proper Colony; and that every the said Presidents
+and Councells, within their several limits and precincts and the more
+part of them, shall have power and authority by these presents to hear
+and determine all and every other wrongs, trespasses, offences and
+misdemeanors whatsoever, other than those before mentioned, upon
+accusation of any person and proofe thereof made by sufficient witnesse
+upon oath; and that in all those cases the said President and Councel,
+and the greater number of them, shall have power and authority by these
+presents respectively, as is aforesaid, to punish the offender or
+offenders, either by reasonable corporal punishment and imprisonment or
+else by a convenient fine, awarding damages, or other satisfaction to
+the party grieved, as to the said President &amp; Councel or to the more
+part of them shall be thought fitt and convenient, having regard to the
+quality of the offence or state of the cause; and that alsoe the said
+President &amp; Councel shall have power and authority by virtue of
+these presents to punish all manner of excesse, through drunkennesse or
+otherwaies, and all idle, loytering and vagrant persons which shall be
+found within their several limits and precincts, according to their best
+discretions and with such convenient punishment as they or the most part
+of them shall think fitt; alsoe our will and pleasure [is], concerning
+the judicial proceedings aforesaid, that the same shall be made and done
+summarily and verbally without writing until it come to the judgment or
+sentence, and yet, neverthelesse, our will and pleasure is that every
+judgment and sentence hereafter to be given in any of the causes
+aforesaid, or in any other of the said several Presidents and Councells
+or the greater number of them within their several limits and precincts,
+shall be breifely and summarily registred into a book to be kept for
+that purpose, together with the cause for which the said judgment or
+sentence was given; and that the said judgment and sentence soe
+registered and written shall be subscribed with the hands or names of
+the said President and Councel or such of them as gave the judgment or
+sentence; alsoe our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby establish
+and ordaine that the said several Collonies and plantations, and every
+person and persons of the same, severally and respectively, shall within
+every of their several precincts for the space of five years next after
+their first landing upon the said coast of Virginia and America, trade
+together all in one stocke, or devideably but in two or three stocks att
+the most, and bring not only all the fruits of their labours there but
+alsoe all such other goods and commodities which shall be brought out of
+England or any other place into the same Collonies, into severall
+magazines or storehouses for that purpose to be made and erected there,
+and that in such order, manner and form as the Councel of that Collony
+or the more part of them shall sett downe and direct; and our will and
+pleasure is and wee doe in like manner ordaine that in every of the said
+Collonies and plantations there shall be chosen three, elected yearely
+by the President and Councell of every of the said several Colonies and
+plantations or the more part of them: one person of the same Colony and
+plantation to be Treasurer or Cape-merchant of the same Colony and
+plantation to take the charge and mannageinge of all such goods, wares
+and commodities which shall be brought into or taken out of the several
+magazines or storehouses, the same Treasurer or Cape-merchant to
+continue in his office by the space of one whole year next after his
+said election, unless he shall happen to dye within the said year or
+voluntarily give over the same or be removed for any just or reasonalbe
+cause; and that thereupon the same President and Councell or the most
+part of them shall have power and authority to elect him again or any
+other or others in his room or stead to continue in the same office as
+aforesaid; and that alsoe there shall be two or more persons of good
+discretion within every of the said Colonies and plantations elected and
+chosen yearely, during the said terme of five years, by the President
+and Councel of the same Collony or the most part of them respectively
+within their several limits and precincts, the one or more of them to
+keep a book in which shall be registred and entred all such goods, wares
+and merchandizes as shall be received into the several magazines or
+storehouses within that Colony, being appointed for that purpose, and
+the other to keep a like book wherein shall be registred all goods,
+wares and merchandizes which shall issue or be taken out of any the
+several magazines or storehouses of that Collony, which clarks shall
+continue in their said places but att the will of the President and
+Councel of that Colony whereof he is, or of the major part of them; and
+that every person of every the said several Colonies and plantations
+shall be furnished with all necessaries out of those several magazines
+or storehouses which shall belong to the said Colony and plantation in
+which that person is, for and during the terme and time of five yeares
+by the appointment, direction and order of the President and Councell
+there, or of the said Cape-merchant and two clerks or of the most part
+of them within the said several limits and precincts of the said
+Colonies and plantations; alsoe our will and pleasure is and wee doe
+hereby ordain that the adventurers of the said First Colony and
+plantation shall and may during the said terme of five years elect and
+choose out of themselves one or more Companies, each Company consisting
+of three persons att the least who shall be resident att or neer London,
+or such other place and places as the Councel of the Colony for the time
+being, or the most part of them, during the said five years shall think
+fitt, who shall there from time to time take charge of the trade and
+accompt of all such goods, wares, merchandizes and other things which
+shall be sent from thence to the Company of the same Colony or
+plantation in Virginia, and likewise of all such wares, goods and
+merchandizes as shall be brought from the said Colony or plantation unto
+that place within our realme of England, and of all things concerning
+the mannaging of the affaires and profits concerning the adventurors of
+that Company which shall soe passe out of or come into that place or
+port; and likewise our will and pleasure is that the adventurors in the
+said Second Colony and plantation shall and may, during the said terme
+of five years, elect out of themselves one or more Companies, each
+Company consisting of three persons att the least who shall be resident
+att or near Plymouth in our county of Devon within our realme of
+England, and att such one, two or three other places or ports as the
+Councel of that Colony or the most part of them shall think fitt, who
+shall there from time to time take care and charge of the trade &amp;
+accompt of all such goods, wares, merchandizes and other things which
+shall be sent from thence to the same Colony and plantation in Virginia,
+and likewise of all such goods, wares and merchandizes as shall be
+brought from the said Colony and plantation in Virginia into our realme
+of England, and of all things concerning the mannaging of the affaires
+and profits of the adventurors of that Company; alsoe our will and
+pleasure is that noe person or persons shall be admitted into any of the
+said Colonies and plantations, there to abide and remaine, but such as
+shall take not only the usual oath of obedience to us, our heires and
+successors; but alsoe the oath which is limitted in the last session of
+Parliament, holden at Westminster in the fourth year of our raigne, for
+their due obedience unto us, our heires and successors, that the trade
+to and from any the Colonies aforesaid may be mannaged to and from such
+ports &amp; places within our realme of England as is before in these
+articles intended, any thing set down heretofore to the contrary
+notwithstanding; and that the said President and Councel of each of the
+said Colonies, and the more part of them respectively, shall and may
+lawfully from time to time constitute, make and ordaine such
+constitutions, ordinances and officers for the better order, government
+and peace of the people of their several Collonies, soe alwaies as the
+same ordinances and constitutions doe not touch any party in life or
+member, which constitutions &amp; ordinances shall stand and continue in
+full force untill the same shall be otherwise altered or made void by
+us, our heires or successors, or our or their Councel of Virginia, soe
+alwaies as the same alterations be such as may stand with and be in
+substance consonant unto the lawes of England or the equity thereof;
+furthermore, our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby determine and
+ordaine that every person and persons being our subjects of every the
+said Collonies and plantations shall from time to time well entreate
+those salvages in those parts and use all good meanes to draw the
+salvages and heathen people of the same several places and of the
+territories and countries adjoining to the true service and knowledge of
+God, and that all just, kind and charitable courses shall be holden with
+such of them as shall conforme themselves to any good and sociable
+traffique and dealing with the subjects of us, our heires and successors
+which shall be planted there, whereby they may be the sooner drawne to
+the true knowledge of God and the obedience of us, our heires and
+successors under such severe paines and punishments as shal be inflicted
+by the same several Presidents and Councells of the said several
+Colonies, or the most part of them, within their several limits and
+precincts, on such as shall offend therein or doe the contrary; and that
+as the said territories and countries of Virginia and America within the
+degrees aforesaid shall from time to time increase in plantation by our
+subjects, wee, our heires and successors will, ordaine and give such
+order and further instructions, lawes, constitutions and ordinances for
+the better rule, order and government of such as soe shall make
+plantations there as to us, our heires and successors shall from time to
+time be thought fitt &amp; convenient, which alwaies shall be such as
+may stand with or be in substance consonant unto the lawes of England or
+the equity thereof; and lastly wee doe ordaine and establish for us, our
+heires and successors that such oath shall be taken by each of our
+Councellors here for Virginia, concerning their place and office of
+Councell, as by the Privy Councell of us, our heires and successors of
+this our realme of England shall be in that behalf limited &amp;
+appointed; and that each Councellor of the said Colonies shall take such
+oath for the execution of their place and office of Councel as by the
+Councel of us, our heires and successors here in England, for Virginia,
+shall in that behalfe be limited and appointed; and aswell those several
+articles and instructions herein mentioned and contained as alsoe all
+such as by virtue hereof shall hereafter be made and ordained, shall as
+need shall require, by the advice of our Councel here for Virginia be
+transcripted over unto the said several Councells of the said several
+Colonies under the seale to be ordained for our said Councell here for
+Virginia; In witnesses &amp;c.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+ <img src="images/i031.jpg"
+width="500" height="263" alt="Illustration: Great Seal of James I."
+title="Great Seal of James I." />
+</div>
+
+<p class="blockquote">Virginia State Library, "Patents, No. 2,
+1643-1651"; Hening, Vol. I, pp. 67-75.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_3" id="footnote_3"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_3">[3]</a> The following words or letters missing
+from the manuscript have been supplied from the text in Hening.]</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_3"></a>ORDINANCE AND CONSTITUTION</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">March 9, 1607</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2 blockquote">An ordinance and constitution enlarging the
+number of our Councel for the two several Colonies and plantations in
+Virginia and America between 34 and 45 degrees of northerly latitude,
+and augmenting their authority for the better directing and ordering of
+such things as shall concerne the said Colonies.</p>
+
+<p>James, by the grace of God, &amp;c. Whereas wee, by our letters
+patents under our Great Seale of England bearing date the tenth day of
+April last past, have given licence to sundry our loving subjects named
+in the said letters patents and to their associates to deduce and
+conduct two several Colonies or plantations of sundry our loving people
+willing to abide and inhabit in certaine parts of Virginia and America
+with divers preheminences, priviledges, authorities and other things, as
+in and by the said letters patents more particularly it appeareth; and
+whereas wee, according to the effect and true meaning of the said
+letters patents, have by a former instrument, signed with our hand and
+signe manuel and sealed with our Privy Seal of our realme of England,
+established and ordained that our trusty and welbeloved Sir William
+Wade, Knight, our Lieutanant of our Tower of London; Sir Thomas Smith,
+Knight; Sir Walter Cope, Knight; Sir George Moor, Knight; Sir Francis
+Popeham, Knight; Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Knight; Sir John Trevor, Knight;
+Sir Henry Montague, Knight, Recorder of our citty of London; Sir William
+Rumney, Knight; John Dodderidge, Esqr., our Solicitor General; Thomas
+Warr, Esq.; John Eldred, of our city of London, merchant; Thomas James,
+of our citty of Bristol, merchant; and James Bagge, of Plymouth in our
+county of Devon, merchant; should be our Councel for all matters which
+should happen in Virginia or any the territories of America aforesaid,
+or any actions, businesse or causes for and concerning the same, which
+Councel is from time to time to be encreased, altered or changed att the
+nomination of us, our heires and successors, and att our and their will
+and pleasure; &amp; whereas our said Councel have found by experience
+their number being but fourteen in all and most of them dispersed by
+reason of their several habitations far and remote the one from the
+other, and many of them in like manner far remote from our citty of
+London where, if need require, they may receive directions from us and
+our Privy Councel and from whence instructions and directions may be by
+them left and more readily given for the said Colonies; that when very
+needful occasion requireth there cannot be any competent number of them
+by any meanes be drawne together for consultation; for remedy whereof
+our said loving subjects of the several Colonies aforesaid have been
+humble suitors unto us and have to that purpose offered to our Royal
+consideration the names of certaine sage and discreet persons, &amp;
+having with like humility entreated us that the said persons, or soe
+many of them as to us should seem good, might be added unto them and
+might (during our pleasure) be of our Councel for the foresaid Colonies
+of Virginia; wee therefore for the better establishing, disposing,
+orderring and directing of the said several Colonies within the degrees
+aforesaid, and of all such affaires, matters and things as shall touch
+and concerne the same, doe, by these presents signed with our hand and
+signe manuel and sealed with our Privy Seale of our realme of England,
+establish and ordaine that our trusty and welbeloved Sir Thomas
+Challonor, Knight; Sir Henry Nevil, Knight; Sir Fulks Grevil, Knight;
+Sir John Scot, Knight; Sir Robert Mansfield, Knight; Sir Oliver Cromwel,
+Knight; Sir Morrice Berkeley, Knight; Sir Edward Michelbourne, Knight;
+Sir Thomas Holcroft, Knight; Sir Thomas Smith, Knight, Clerk of our
+Privy Councel; Sir Robert Kelligrew, Knight; Sir Robert Croft, Knight;
+Sir George Copping, Knight; Sir Edwyn Sandys, Knight; Sir Thomas Row,
+Knight; and Sir Anthony Palmer, Knight; nominated unto us by and on the
+behalfe of the said First Colony; Sir Edward Hungerford, Knight; Sir
+John Mallet, Knight; Sir John Gilbert, Knight; Sir Thomas Freale,
+Knight; Sir Richard Hawkings, Knight; Sir Bartholomew Mitchel, Knight;
+Edward Seamour, Esq.; Bernard Greenville, Esq.; Edward Rogers, Esq.; and
+Matthew Sutcliffe, Doctor of Divinity; nominated to us by and on the
+behalfe of the said Second Colony, shall together with the persons
+formerly named, be our Councel for all matters which shall or may
+conduct to the aforesaid plantations or which shall happen in Virginia
+or any the territories of America between 34 &amp; 45 degrees of
+northerly latitude from the aequinoctial line and the islands to the
+several Colonies limited and assigned, that is to say, the First Colony
+from 34 to 41 degrees of the said latitude, and the Second Colony
+between 38 and 45 degrees of the said latitude. And our further will and
+pleasure is, and by these presents for us, our heires and successors wee
+doe grant unto our said Councel of Virginia, that they or any twelve of
+them att the least, for the time being, whereof six att the least to be
+members of one of the said Colonies, and six more att the least to be
+members of the other Colony, shall have full power and authority to
+ordaine, nominate, elect and choose any other person or persons att
+their discretion to be and to serve as officer or officers to all
+offices and places that shall by them be thought fitt and requisite for
+the businesse and affaires of our said Councel and concerning the
+plantation or plantations aforesaid, and for the summoning, calling and
+assembling of the said Councel together when need shall require, or for
+summoning and calling before the said Councel any of the adventurors or
+others which shall passe on unto the said several Colonies to inhabit or
+to traffick there, or any other such like officer or officers which in
+time shall or may be found of use, behoofe or importance unto the
+Councel aforesaid. [And the said Council or any twelve of them as is
+aforesaid shall have full power and authority from time to time to
+continue or to alter or change the said officers and to elect and
+appoint others in their roomes and places, to make and ordain acts and
+ordinances for the better ordering, disposing and marshalling of the
+said several Colonies and the several adventurers or persons going to
+inhabit in the same several Colonies, or of any provision or provisions
+for the same, or for the direction of the officers aforesaid, or for the
+making of them to be subordinate or under jurisdiction one of another,
+and to do and execute all and every of their act and things which by any
+our grants or letters patents heretofore made they are warranted or
+authorised to do or execute so as always none of the said acts and
+ordinances or other things be contrary or repugnant to the true intent
+and meaning of our said letters patents granted for the plantation of
+the said several Colonies in Virginia and territories of America as
+aforesaid, or contrary to the laws and statutes in this our realm of
+England, or in derogation of our prerogative royal. Witness ourself at
+Westminster the ninth day of March (1607) in the year of our reign of
+England, France and Ireland the fourth, and of Scotland the fortieth,
+&amp;c.]<a name="fnanchor_4" id="fnanchor_4"></a><a href="#footnote_4"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">Virginia State Library, "Patents, No. 2,
+1643-1651"; Hening, Vol. I, pp. 76-79.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_4" id="footnote_4"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_4">[4]</a> Bracketed passage supplied from text in
+Hening.</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_4"></a>THE SECOND CHARTER</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">May 23, 1609</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland,
+France and Ireland, defender of the faith, etc.] To all [to whom these
+presents shall come, greeting.]</p>
+
+<p>Whereas, at the humble suite and request of sondrie oure lovinge and
+well disposed subjects intendinge to deduce a colonie and to make
+habitacion and plantacion of sondrie of oure people in that parte of
+America comonlie called Virginia, and other part and territories in
+America either apperteyninge unto us or which are not actually possessed
+of anie Christian prince or people within certaine bound and regions,
+wee have formerly, by oure lettres patents bearinge date the tenth of
+Aprill in the fourth yeare of oure raigne of England, Fraunce, and
+Ireland, and the nine and thirtieth of Scotland, graunted to Sir Thomas
+Gates, Sir George Somers and others, for the more speedie accomplishment
+of the said plantacion and habitacion, that they shoulde devide
+themselves into twoe collonies&mdash;the one consistinge of divers
+Knights, gentlemen, merchaunts and others of our cittie of London,
+called the First Collonie; and the other of sondrie Knights, gentlemen
+and others of the citties of Bristoll, Exeter, the towne of Plymouth,
+and other places, called the Seccond Collonie&mdash;and have yielded and
+graunted maine and sondrie priviledges and liberties to each Collonie
+for their quiet setlinge and good government therein, as by the said
+lettres patents more at large appeareth.</p>
+
+<p>Nowe, forasmuch as divers and sondrie of oure lovinge subjects, as
+well adventurers as planters, of the said First Collonie (which have
+alreadie engaged them selves in furtheringe the businesse of the said
+plantacion and doe further intende by the assistance of Almightie God to
+prosecute the same to a happie ende) have of late ben humble suiters
+unto us that, in respect of their great chardeges and the adventure of
+manie of their lives which they have hazarded in the said discoverie and
+plantacion of the said countrie, wee woulde be pleased to graunt them a
+further enlargement and explanacion of the said graunte, priviledge and
+liberties, and that suche counsellors and other officers maie be
+appointed amonngest them to manage and direct their affaires [as] are
+willinge and readie to adventure with them; as also whose dwellings are
+not so farr remote from the cittye of London but that they maie at
+convenient tymes be readie at hande to give advice and assistance upon
+all occacions requisite.</p>
+
+<p>We, greatlie affectinge the effectual prosecucion and happie successe
+of the said plantacion and comendinge their good desires theirin, for
+their further encouragement in accomplishinge so excellent a worke, much
+pleasinge to God and profitable to oure Kingdomes, doe, of oure speciall
+grace and certeine knowledge and meere motion, for us, oure heires and
+successors, give, graunt and confirme to oure trustie and welbeloved
+subjects,</p>
+
+<p> Robert, Earle of Salisburie [Salisbury]<a name="fnanchor_5"
+id="fnanchor_5"></a><a href="#footnote_5"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[5]</sup></a><br />
+Thomas, Earle of Suffolke [Suffolk]<br />
+Henrie, Earle of Southampton<br />
+William, Earle of Pembroke<br />
+[Henrie], Earle of Lincolne [Lincoln]<br />
+Henrie, Earle of Dorsett [Dorset]<br />
+Thomas, Earle of Exeter<br />
+Phillipp, Earle of Mountgommery<br />
+Robert, Lord Vicount Lisle<br />
+Theophilus, Lord Howard of Walden<br />
+James Mountague, Lord Bishopp of Bathe and Wells<br />
+Edward, Lord Zouche<br />
+Thomas, Lord Lawarr<br />
+Wiliam, Lord Mounteagle<br />
+Raphe, Lord Ewre<br />
+Edmond, Lord Sheffeild [Sheffield]<br />
+Grey, Lord Shandis [Chandois]<br />
+[Grey], Lord Compton<br />
+John, Lord Petre<br />
+John, Lord Stanhope<br />
+George, Lord Carew<br />
+Sir Humfrey Welde, Lord Mayor of London [Weld]<br />
+George Pertie, Esquire [Percie]<br />
+Sir Edward Cecill, Knight [Cecil]<br />
+Sir George Wharton, Knight<br />
+Frauncis West, Esquire<br />
+Sir William Waade, Knight [Wade]<br />
+Sir Henrie Nevill, Knight [Nevil]<br />
+Sir Thomas Smithe, Knight [Smith]<br />
+Sir Oliver Cromwell, Knight<br />
+Sir Peter Manwood, Knight<br />
+Sir Dru Drurie, Knight [Drury]<br />
+Sir John Scott, Knight [Scot]<br />
+Sir Thomas Challouer, Knight [Challoner]<br />
+Sir Robert Drurie, Knight [Drury]<br />
+Sir Anthonye Cope, Knight<br />
+Sir Horatio Veere, Knight [Vere]<br />
+Sir Edward Conwaie, Knight [Conway]<br />
+Sir William Browne [Brown]<br />
+Sir Maurice Barkeley, Knight [Berkeley]<br />
+Sir Roberte Maunsell, Knight [Mansel]<br />
+Sir Amias Presou, Knight [Preston]<br />
+Sir Thomas Gates, Knight<br />
+Sir Anthonie Ashley, Knight [Ashly]<br />
+Sir Michaell Sandes, Knight [Sandys]<br />
+Sir Henrie Carew, Knight [Carey]<br />
+Sir Stephen Soame, Knight<br />
+Sir Calisthenes Brooke, Knight<br />
+Sir Edward Michelborne, Knight [Michelborn]<br />
+Sir John Racliffe, Knight [Ratcliffe]<br />
+Sir Charles Willmott, Knight [Wilmot]<br />
+Sir George Moore, Knight [Moor]<br />
+Sir Hugh Wirrall, Knight [Wirral]<br />
+Sir Thomas Dennys, Knight [Dennis]<br />
+Sir John Hollis, Knight [Holles]<br />
+Sir William Godolphin, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Monnson, Knight [Monson]<br />
+Sir Thomas Ridgwaie, Knight [Ridgwine]<br />
+Sir John Brooke, Knight<br />
+Sir Roberte Killigrew, Knight<br />
+Sir Henrie Peyton, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Williamson, Knight<br />
+Sir Ferdinando Weynman, Knight<br />
+Sir William St. John, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Holcrofte, Knight [Holcroft]<br />
+Sir John Mallory, Knight<br />
+Sir Roger Ashton, Knight<br />
+Sir Walter Cope, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Wigmore, Knight<br />
+Sir William Cooke, Knight [Coke]<br />
+Sir Herberte Crofte, Knight<br />
+Sir Henrie Faushawe, Knight [Fanshaw]<br />
+Sir John Smith, Knight<br />
+Sir Francis Wolley, Knight<br />
+Sir Edward Waterhouse, Knight<br />
+Sir Henrie Sekeford, Knight [Seekford]<br />
+Sir Edward Saudes, Knight<a name="fnanchor_6" id="fnanchor_6"></a><a
+href="#footnote_6" class="fnanchor"><sup>[6]</sup></a> [Edwin Sandys]<br
+/>
+Sir Thomas Wayneman, Knight [Waynam]<br />
+Sir John Trevor, Knight<br />
+Sir Warrwick Heale, Knight [Heele]<br />
+Sir Robert Wroth, Knight<br />
+Sir John Townnesende, Knight [Townsend]<br />
+Sir Christopher Perkins, Knight<br />
+Sir Daniell Dun, Knight<br />
+Sir Henrie Hobarte, Knight [Hobart]<br />
+Sir Franncis Bacon, Knight<br />
+Sir Henrie Mountague, Knight [Montague]<br />
+Sir Georg Coppin, Knight<br />
+Sir Samuell Sandes, Knight [Sandys]<br />
+Sir Thomas Roe, Knight<br />
+Sir George Somers, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Freake, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Horwell, Knight [Harwell]<br />
+Sir Charles Kelke, Knight<br />
+Sir Baptist Hucks, Knight [Hicks]<br />
+Sir John Watts, Knight<br />
+Sir Roberte Carey, Knight<br />
+Sir William Romney, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Middleton, Knight<br />
+Sir Hatton Cheeke, Knight<br />
+Sir John Ogle, Knighte<br />
+Sir Cavallero Meycot, Knight<br />
+Sir Stephen Riddlesden, Knight [Riddleson]<br />
+Sir Thomas Bludder, Knight<br />
+Sir Anthonie Aucher, Knight<br />
+Sir Robert Johnson, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Panton, Knight<br />
+Sir Charles Morgan, Knight<br />
+Sir Stephen Powle, Knight [Pole]<br />
+Sir John Burlacie, Knight<br />
+Sir Christofer Cleane, Knight [Cleave]<br />
+Sir George Hayward, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Dane, Knight [Davis]<br />
+Sir Thomas Dutton, Knight [Sutton]<br />
+Sir Anthonie Forrest, Knight [Forest]<br />
+Sir Robert Payne, Knight<br />
+Sir John Digby, Knight<br />
+Sir Dudley Diggs, Knight [Digges]<br />
+Sir Rowland Cotton, Knight<br />
+Doctour Mathewe Rutcliffe [Sutcliffe]<br />
+Doctor Meddowes [Meadows]<br />
+Doctor Turner<br />
+Doctor Poe<br />
+Captaine Pagnam<br />
+Captaine Jeffrey Holcrofte<br />
+Captaine Raunne [Romney]<br />
+Captaine Henrie Spry<br />
+Captaine Shelpton [Shelton]<br />
+Captaine Spark [Sparks]<br />
+[Captain] Thomas Wyatt [Wyat]<br />
+Captaine Brinsley<br />
+Captaine William Courtney<br />
+Captaine Herbert<br />
+Captaine Clarke<br />
+Captaine Dewhurst<br />
+Captaine John Blundell<br />
+Captaine Frier [Fryer]<br />
+Captaine Lewis Orwell<br />
+Captaine Edward Lloyd [Loyd]<br />
+Captaine Slingesby<br />
+Captaine Huntley [Hawley]<br />
+Captaine Orme<br />
+Captaine Woodhouse<br />
+Captaine Mason<br />
+Captaine Thomas Holcroft<br />
+Captaine John Cooke [Coke]<br />
+Captaine Hollis [Holles]<br />
+Captaine William Proude<br />
+Captaine Henrie Woodhouse<br />
+Captaine Richard Lindeley [Lindesey]<br />
+Captaine Dexter<br />
+Captaine William Winter<br />
+Captaine Herle [Pearse]<br />
+Captain John Bingham<br />
+Captaine Burray<br />
+Captaine Thomas Conwey [Conway]<br />
+Captaine Rookwood<br />
+Captaine William Lovelace<br />
+Captaine John Ashley<br />
+Captaine Thomas Wynne<br />
+Captaine Thomas Mewtis<br />
+Captaine Edward Harwood<br />
+Captaine Michaell Evered [Everard]<br />
+Captaine Connoth [Comock]<br />
+Captaine Miles [Mills]<br />
+Captaine Pigott [Pigot]<br />
+Captaine Edward Maria Wingfeild [Wingfield]<br />
+Captaine Christopher Newporte [Newport]<br />
+Captaine John Siclemore, alias Ratcliffe [Sicklemore]<br />
+Captaine John Smith<br />
+Captyn John Martyn [Martin]<br />
+Captaine Peter Wynne<br />
+Captaine Waldoe [Waldo]<br />
+Captyn Thomas Wood<br />
+Captaine Thomas Button<br />
+George Bolls, Esquire, Sheriffe of London<br />
+William Crashawe, [Clerk], Bachelor of Divinite<br />
+William Seabright, Esquire<br />
+Christopher Brook, Esquire<br />
+John Bingley, Esquire<br />
+Thomas Watson, Esquire<br />
+Richard Percivall, Esquire [Percival]<br />
+John Moore, Esquire<br />
+Hugh Brooker, Esquire<br />
+David Waterhouse, Esquire [Woodhouse]<br />
+Anthonie Auther, Esquier [Aucher]<br />
+Roberte Bowyer, Esquire [Boyer]<br />
+Raphe Ewens, Esquire<br />
+Zacharie Jones, Esquire<br />
+George Calvert, Esquire<br />
+William Dobson, Esquire<br />
+Henry Reynold, Esquire [Reynolds]<br />
+Thomas Walker, Esquire<br />
+Anthonie Barnars, Esquire<br />
+Thomas Sandes, Esquire [Sandys]<br />
+Henrie Sand, Esquire [Sandys]<br />
+Richard Sand [Sandys]<br />
+Sonne of Sir Edwin Sandes [Sandys]<br />
+William Oxenbridge, Esquire<br />
+John Moore, Esquire<br />
+Thomas Wilson, Esquire<br />
+John Bullocke, Esquire [Bullock]<br />
+John Waller, [Esquire]<br />
+Thomas Webb<br />
+Jehughe Robinson<br />
+William Brewster<br />
+Robert Evelyn<br />
+Henrie Dabenie [Danby]<br />
+Richard Hacklewte, minister [Hackluit]<br />
+John Eldred, marchaunt [Eldrid]<br />
+William Russell, marchaunt<br />
+John Merrick, marchaunt<br />
+Richard Bannester, merchant [Banister]<br />
+Charles Anthonie, goldsmithe [Anthony]<br />
+John Banck [Banks]<br />
+William Evans<br />
+Richard Humble<br />
+Robert Chamberleyne, marchaunt [Richard Chamberlayne]<br />
+Thomas Barber, marchaunt<br />
+Richard Pevyrell, merchaunt [Pomet]<br />
+John Fletcher, merchant<br />
+Thomas Nicholls, merchant<br />
+John Stoak, merchaunt [Stoke]<br />
+Gabriell Archer<br />
+Franncis Covell [Covel]<br />
+William Bouham [Bonham]<br />
+Edward Harrison<br />
+John Wolstenholme<br />
+Nicholas Salter<br />
+Hugh Evans<br />
+William Barners [Barnes]<br />
+Otho Mawdett [Mawdet]<br />
+Richard Staper, marchant<br />
+John Elkin, marchaunt<br />
+William Cayse [Coyse]<br />
+Thomas Perkin, cooper<br />
+Humfrey Ramell, cooper [Humphrey James]<br />
+Henry Jackson<br />
+Roberte Shingleton [Singleton]<br />
+Christopher Nicholls<br />
+John Harper<br />
+Abraham Chamberlaine [Chamberlayne]<br />
+Thomas Shipton<br />
+Thomas Carpenter<br />
+Anthoine Crewe [Crew]<br />
+George Holman<br />
+Robert Hill<br />
+Cleophas Smithe [Smith]<br />
+Raphe Harrison<br />
+John Farmer<br />
+James Brearley<br />
+William Crosley [Crosby]<br />
+Richard Cocks [Cox]<br />
+John Gearinge [Gearing]<br />
+Richard Strough, iremonnger [Strongarm]<br />
+Thomas Langton<br />
+Griffith Hinton<br />
+Richard Ironside<br />
+Richard Deane [Dean]<br />
+Richard Turner<br />
+William Leveson, mercer [Lawson]<br />
+James Chatfeilde [Chatfield]<br />
+Edward Allen [Edward Allen Tedder]<br />
+Tedder Roberts<a name="fnanchor_7" id="fnanchor_7"></a><a
+href="#footnote_7" class="fnanchor"><sup>[7]</sup></a><br />
+Heldebrand Sprinson [Robert Hildebrand Sprinson]<br />
+Arthur Mouse<br />
+John Gardener [Gardiner]<br />
+James Russell [Russel]<br />
+Richard Casewell [Caswell]<br />
+Richard Evanns [Evans]<br />
+John Hawkins<br />
+Richard Kerrill [Kerril]<br />
+Richard Brooke<br />
+Mathewe Scrivener, gentleman [Screvener]<br />
+William Stallendge, gentleman [Stallenge]<br />
+Arthure Venn, gentleman<br />
+Saund Webb, gentleman [Sandys Webbe]<br />
+Michaell Phettiplace, gentleman<br />
+William Phetiplace, gentleman [Phettiplace]<br />
+Ambrose Brusey, gentleman [Prusey]<br />
+John Taverner, gentleman<br />
+George Pretty, gentleman<br />
+Peter Latham, gentleman<br />
+Thomas Monnford, gentleman [Montford]<br />
+William Cautrell, gentleman [Cantrel]<br />
+Richard Wiffine, gentleman [Wiffin]<br />
+Raphe Mooreton, gentleman [Moreton]<br />
+John Cornellis [Cornelius]<br />
+Martyn Freeman<br />
+Raphe Freeman<br />
+Andreau Moore<br />
+Thomas White<br />
+Edward Perkin<br />
+Robert Offley<br />
+Thomas Whitley<br />
+George Pitt [Pit]<br />
+Roberte Parkehurste [Parkhurst]<br />
+Thomas Morris<br />
+Peter Vaulore [Harloe]<br />
+Jeffrey Duppa<br />
+John Gilbert<br />
+William Hancock<br />
+Mathew Bromrigg [Brown]<br />
+Francis Tirrell[Tyrrel]<br />
+Randall Carter<br />
+Othowell Smithe [Smith]<br />
+Thomas Honnyman [Hamond]<br />
+Marten Bonde, haberdasher [Bond]<br />
+Joan Mousloe [John Moulsoe]<br />
+Roberte Johnson<br />
+William Younge [Young]<br />
+John Woddall [Woodal]<br />
+William Felgate<br />
+Humfrey Westwood<br />
+Richard Champion<br />
+Henrie Robinson<br />
+Franncis Mapes<br />
+William Sambatch [Sambach]<br />
+Rauley Crashawe [Ralegh Crashaw]<br />
+Daniell Tucker<br />
+Thomas Grave<br />
+Hugh Willestone<br />
+Thomas Culpepper, of Wigsell, Esquire<br />
+John Culpepper, gentleman<br />
+Henrie Lee<br />
+Josias Kirton, gentleman [Kerton]<br />
+John Porie, gentleman [Pory]<br />
+Henrie Collins<br />
+George Burton<br />
+William Atkinson<br />
+Thomas Forrest [Forest]<br />
+John Russell [Russel]<br />
+John Houlte [Holt]<br />
+Harman Harrison<br />
+Gabriell Beedell [Beedel]<br />
+John Beedell [Beedel]<br />
+Henrie Dankes [Dawkes]<br />
+George Scott [Scot]<br />
+Edward Fleetewood, gentleman [Fleetwood]<br />
+Richard Rogers, gentleman<br />
+Arthure Robinson<br />
+Robert Robinson<br />
+John Huntley<br />
+John Grey [Gray]<br />
+William Payne<br />
+William Feilde [Field]<br />
+William Wattey<br />
+William Webster<br />
+John Dingley<br />
+Thomas Draper<br />
+Richard Glanvile [Glanvil]<br />
+Arnolde Lulls [Hulls]<br />
+Henrie Rowe [Roe]<br />
+William Moore [More]<br />
+Nicholas Grice [Gryce]<br />
+James Monnger [Monger]<br />
+Nicholas Andrewes [Andrews]<br />
+Jerome Haydon, iremonnger [Jeremy Haydon]<br />
+Phillipp Durrant [Philip Durette]<br />
+John Quales [Quarles]<br />
+John West<br />
+Mathew Springeham [Springham]<br />
+John Johnson<br />
+Christopher Hore<br />
+George Barkeley<br />
+Thomas Sued [Snead]<br />
+George Barkeley [Berkeley]<br />
+Arthure Pett [Pet]<br />
+Thomas Careles<br />
+William Barkley [Berkley]<br />
+Thomas Johnson<br />
+Alexander Bent [Bents]<br />
+Captaine William Kinge [King]<br />
+George Sandes, gentleman [Sandys]<br />
+James White, gentleman<br />
+Edmond Wynn [Wynne]<br />
+Charles Towler<br />
+Richard Reynold<br />
+Edward Webb<br />
+Richard Maplesden<br />
+Thomas Levers [Lever]<br />
+David Bourne<br />
+Thomas Wood<br />
+Raphe Hamer<br />
+Edward Barnes, mercer<br />
+John Wright, mercer<br />
+Robert Middleton<br />
+Edward Litsfeild [Littlefield]<br />
+Katherine West<br />
+Thomas Webb [Web]<br />
+Raphe Kinge [King]<br />
+Roberte Coppine [Coppin]<br />
+James Askewe<br />
+Christopher Nicholls [Christopher Holt]<br />
+William Bardwell<br />
+Alexander Childe [Chiles]<br />
+Lewes Tate<br />
+Edward Ditchfeilde [Ditchfield]<br />
+James Swifte<br />
+Richard Widdowes, goldesmith<br />
+Edmonde Brundell<a name="fnanchor_8" id="fnanchor_8"></a><a
+href="#footnote_8" class="fnanchor"><sup>[8]</sup></a> [Brudenell]<br />
+John Hanford [Hansford]<br />
+Edward Wooller<br />
+William Palmer, haberdasher<br />
+John Badger<br />
+John Hodgson<br />
+Peter Monnsill [Mounsel]<br />
+John Carrill [Carril]<br />
+John Busbridge [Bushridge]<br />
+William Dunn [Dun]<br />
+Thomas Johnson<br />
+Nicholas Benson<br />
+Thomas Shipton<br />
+Nathaniell Wade<br />
+Randoll Wettwood [Wetwood]<br />
+Mathew Dequester<br />
+Charles Hawkins<br />
+Hugh Hamersley<br />
+Abraham Cartwright<br />
+George Bennett [Bennet]<br />
+William Cattor [Cater]<br />
+Richard Goddart<br />
+Henrie Cromwell<br />
+Phinees Pett [Pet]<br />
+Roberte Cooper<a name="fnanchor_9" id="fnanchor_9"></a><a
+href="#footnote_9" class="fnanchor"><sup>[9]</sup></a><br />
+Henrie Neite [Newce]<br />
+Edward Wilks [Wilkes]<br />
+Roberte Bateman<br />
+Nicholas Farrar<br />
+John Newhouse<br />
+John Cason<br />
+Thomas Harris, gentleman<br />
+George Etheridge, gentleman<br />
+Thomas Mayle, gentleman<br />
+Richard Stratford [Stafford]<br />
+Thomas<br />
+Richard Cooper<br />
+John Westrowe [Westrow]<br />
+Edward Welshe [Welch]<br />
+Thomas Brittanie [Britain]<br />
+Thomas Knowls [Knowles]<br />
+Octavian Thorne<br />
+Edmonde Smyth [Smith]<br />
+John March<br />
+Edward Carew<br />
+Thomas Pleydall<br />
+Richard Lea [Let]<br />
+Miles Palmer<br />
+Henrie Price<br />
+John Josua, gentleman [Joshua]<br />
+William Clawday [Clauday]<br />
+Jerome Pearsye<br />
+John Bree, gentleman<br />
+William Hampson<br />
+Christopher Pickford<br />
+Thomas Hunt<br />
+Thomas Truston<br />
+Christopher Lanman [Salmon]<br />
+John Haward, clerke [Howard]<br />
+Richarde Partridge<br />
+Allen Cotton [Cassen]<br />
+Felix Wilson<br />
+Thomas Colethurst [Bathurst]<br />
+George Wilmer<br />
+Andrew Wilmer<br />
+Morrice Lewellin<br />
+Thomas Jedwin [Godwin]<br />
+Peter Burgoyne<br />
+Thomas Burgoyne<br />
+Roberte Burgoyne<br />
+Roberte Smithe, merchauntaylor [Smith]<br />
+Edward Cage, grocer<br />
+Thomas Canon, gentleman [Cannon]<br />
+William Welby, stacioner<br />
+Clement Wilmer, gentleman<br />
+John Clapham, gentleman<br />
+Giles Fraunces, gentleman [Francis]<br />
+George Walker, sadler<br />
+John Swinehowe, stacioner [Swinhow]<br />
+Edward Bushoppe, stacioner [Bishop]<br />
+Leonard White, gentleman<br />
+Christopher Barron [Baron]<br />
+Peter Benson<br />
+Richard Smyth [Smith]<br />
+George Prockter, minister [Proctor]<br />
+Millicent Ramesden, widowe [Ramsdent]<br />
+Joseph Soane<br />
+Thomas Hinshawe [Hinshaw]<br />
+John Baker<br />
+Robert Thorneton [Thornton]<br />
+John Davies [Davis]<br />
+Edward Facett [Facet]<br />
+George Nuce, gentleman [Newce]<br />
+John Robinson<br />
+Captaine Thomas Wood<br />
+William Browne, shoemaker [Brown]<br />
+Roberte Barker, shoemaker<br />
+Roberte Penington [Pennington]<br />
+Francis Burley, minister<br />
+William Quick, grocer<br />
+Edward Lewes, grocer [Lewis]<br />
+Laurence Campe, draper<br />
+Aden Perkins, grocer<br />
+Richard Shepparde, preacher [Shepherd]<br />
+William Sheckley, haberdasher [Sherley]<br />
+William Tayler, haberdasher [Taylor]<br />
+Edward Lukyn, gentleman [Edwin Lukin]<br />
+John Francklyn, haberdasher [Franklyn]<br />
+John Southicke [Southwick]<br />
+Peter Peate<br />
+George Johan, iremonnger<br />
+George Yardley, gentleman [Yeardley]<br />
+Henrie Shelly [Shelley]<br />
+John Pratt [Prat]<br />
+Thomas Church, draper<br />
+William Powell, gentleman [Powel]<br />
+Richard Frithe, gentleman [Frith]<br />
+Thomas Wheeler, draper<br />
+Franncis Hasilerigg, gentleman [Haselrig]<br />
+Hughe Shippley, gentleman [Shipley]<br />
+John Andrewes, thelder, [doctor], of Cambridge [Andrews]<br />
+Franncis Whistley, gentleman [Whistler]<br />
+John Vassall, gentleman<br />
+Richard Howle<br />
+Edward Barkeley, gentleman [Berkeley]<br />
+Richard Knerisborough, gentleman [Keneridgburg]<br />
+Nicholas Exton, draper<br />
+William Bennett, fishmonger [Bennet]<br />
+James Hawood, marchaunt [Haywood]<br />
+Nicholas Isaak, merchaunt [Isaac]<br />
+William Gibbs, merchannt<br />
+[William] Bushopp [Bishop]<br />
+Barnard Michell [Mitchel]<br />
+Isaake Michell [Isaac Mitchel]<br />
+John Streat [Streate]<br />
+Edward Gall<br />
+John Marten, gentleman [Martin]<br />
+Thomas Fox<br />
+Luke Lodge<br />
+John Woodleefe, gentleman [Woodliffe]<br />
+Rice Webb [Richard]<br />
+Vincent Lowe [Low]<br />
+Samuell Burnam [Burnham]<br />
+Edmonde Pears, haberdasher<br />
+Josua Goudge [John Googe]<br />
+John St. John<br />
+Edwarde Vaughan<br />
+William Dunn<br />
+Thomas Alcock [Alcocke]<br />
+John Andrewes, the younger, of Cambridge [Andrews]<br />
+Samuell Smithe [Smith]<br />
+Thomas Jerrard [Gerrard]<br />
+Thomas Whittingham<br />
+William Cannynge [Canning]<br />
+Paule Caminge [Canning]<br />
+George Chaudler [Chandler]<br />
+Henrye Vincent<br />
+Thomas Ketley<br />
+James Skelton<br />
+James Montain [Mountaine]<br />
+George Webb, gentleman<br />
+Josephe Newbroughesmith [Joseph Newbridge, smith]<br />
+Josias Mande [Mand]<br />
+Raphe Haman, the younger [Hamer]<br />
+Edward Brewster, the sonne of William Brewster<br />
+Leonard Harwood, mercer<br />
+Phillipp Druerdent<br />
+William Carpenter<br />
+Tristram Hill<br />
+Roberte Cock, grocer<br />
+Laurence Grene, grocer [Greene]<br />
+Daniell Winche, grocer [Samuel Winch]<br />
+Humfrey Stile, grocer<br />
+Averie Dransfeild, grocer [Dransfield]<br />
+Edwarde Hodges, grocer<br />
+Edward Beale, grocer<a name="fnanchor_10" id="fnanchor_10"></a><a
+href="#footnote_10" class="fnanchor"><sup>[10]</sup></a><br />
+Raphe Busby, grocer<a name="fnanchor_11" id="fnanchor_11"></a><a
+href="#footnote_11" class="fnanchor"><sup>[11]</sup></a><br />
+John Whittingham, grocer<br />
+John Hide, grocer<br />
+Mathew Shipperd, grocer [Shepherd]<br />
+Thomas Allen, grocer<br />
+Richard Hooker, grocer<br />
+Laurence Munckas, grocer [Munks]<br />
+John Tanner, grocer<br />
+Peter Gate, grocer<br />
+John Blunt, grocer<a name="fnanchor_12" id="fnanchor_12"></a><a
+href="#footnote_12" class="fnanchor"><sup>[12]</sup></a><br />
+Roberte Berrisford, grocer<a name="fnanchor_13" id="fnanchor_13"></a><a
+href="#footnote_13" class="fnanchor"><sup>[13]</sup></a><br />
+Thomas Wells, gentleman<a name="fnanchor_14" id="fnanchor_14"></a><a
+href="#footnote_14" class="fnanchor"><sup>[14]</sup></a><br />
+John Ellis, grocer<br />
+Henrie Colthurst, grocer<br />
+John Cranage, grocer [Cavady]<br />
+Thomas Jenings, grocer [Jennings]<br />
+Edmond Peshall, grocer [Pashall]<br />
+Timothie Bathurst, grocer<br />
+Gyles Parslowe, grocer<a name="fnanchor_15" id="fnanchor_15"></a><a
+href="#footnote_15" class="fnanchor"><sup>[15]</sup></a> [Parslow]<br />
+Roberte Johnson, grocer [Richard]<br />
+William Janson, vintener [Johnson]<br />
+Ezechiell Smith<br />
+Richard Murrettone [Martin]<br />
+William Sharpe<br />
+Roberte Ritche [Rich]<br />
+William Stannerd, inholder [Stannard]<br />
+John Stocken<br />
+William Strachey, gentleman<br />
+George Farmer, gentleman<br />
+Thomas Gypes, clothworker<br />
+Abraham Dawes, gentleman [Davies]<br />
+Thomas Brockett, gentleman [Brocket]<br />
+George Bathe, fishmonger [Bache]<br />
+John Dike, fishmonger<br />
+Henrie Spranger<br />
+Richard Farringdon [Farrington]<br />
+Chistopher Vertue, vintener<br />
+Thomas Baley, vintener [Bayley]<br />
+George Robins, vintener<br />
+Tobias Hinson, grocer<br />
+Urian Spencer [Vrian]<br />
+Clement Chachelley [Chicheley]<br />
+John Searpe, gentleman [Scarpe]<br />
+James Cambell, iremonnger [Campbell]<br />
+Christopher Clitherowe, iremonnger [Clitheroe]<br />
+Phillipp Jacobson<br />
+Peter Jacobson, of Andwarpe<br />
+William Barckley [Berkeley]<br />
+Miles Banck, cutler [Banks]<br />
+Peter Highley, grocer [Higgons]<br />
+Henrie John, gentleman<br />
+John Stoakley, merchauntailor [Stokeley]<br />
+The companie of mercers<br />
+The companie of grocers<br />
+The companie of drapers<br />
+The company of fishmongers<br />
+The companie of gouldsmithes<br />
+The companie of skynners<br />
+The companie merchauntailors<br />
+The companie of haberdashers<br />
+The companie of salters<br />
+The companie of iremongers<br />
+The companie of vintners<br />
+The companie of clothworkers<br />
+The companie of dyers<br />
+The companie of bruers<br />
+The companie of lethersellers<br />
+The companie of pewterers<br />
+The companie of cutlers<br />
+The companie of whitebakers<br />
+The companie of waxchaundlers<br />
+The companie of tallowe chaundlers<br />
+The companie of armorers<br />
+The companie of girdlers<br />
+The companie of butchers<br />
+The companie of sadlers<br />
+The companie of carpenters<br />
+The companie of cordwayners<br />
+The companie of barbor chirurgions<br />
+The companie of painter stayners<br />
+The companie of curriers<br />
+The companie of masons<br />
+The companie of plumbers<br />
+The companie of inholders<br />
+The companie of founders<br />
+The companie of poulterers<br />
+The companie of cookes<br />
+The companie of coopers<br />
+The companie of tylers and bricklayers<br />
+The companie of bowyers<br />
+The companie of fletchers<br />
+The companie of blacksmithes<br />
+The companie of joyners<br />
+The companie of weavers<br />
+The companie of wollmen<br />
+The companie of woodmonngers<br />
+The companie of scrivenors<br />
+The companie of fruterers<br />
+The companie of plasterers<br />
+The companie of brownebakers<br />
+The companie of stacioners<br />
+The companie of imbroderers<br />
+The companie of upholsters<br />
+The companie of musicions<br />
+The companie of turners<a name="fnanchor_16" id="fnanchor_16"></a><a
+href="#footnote_16" class="fnanchor"><sup>[16]</sup></a><br />
+The companie of baskettmakers<br />
+The companie of glasiers<br />
+John Levett, merchaunt [Levet]<br />
+Thomas Nornicott, clothworker [Nornicot]<br />
+Richard Venn, haberdasher<br />
+Thomas Scott, gentleman [Scot]<br />
+Thomas Juxson, merchauntaylor [Juxon]<br />
+George Hankinson<br />
+Thomas Leeyer, gentleman [Seyer]<br />
+Mathew Cooper<br />
+George Butler, gentleman<br />
+Thomas Lawson, gentleman<br />
+Edward Smith, haberdasher<br />
+Stephen Sparrowe<br />
+John Jones, merchaunt<br />
+[John] Reynold, brewer [Reynolds]<br />
+Thomas Plummer, merchaunt<br />
+James Duppa, bruer<br />
+Rowland Coytemore [Coitmore]<br />
+William Sotherne [Southerne]<br />
+George Whittmoore, haberdasher [Whitmore]<br />
+Anthonie Gosoulde, the younger [Gosnold]<br />
+John Allen, fishemonger<br />
+Symonde Yeomans, fishmonger [Simon]<br />
+Launcelot Davis, gentleman<br />
+John Hopkins, an alderman of Bristoll<br />
+John Kettlebye, gentleman [Kettleby]<br />
+Richard Chene, gouldsmithe [Clene]<br />
+George Hooker, gentleman<br />
+Roberte Shevinge, yeoman [Chening]</p>
+
+<p>And to such and so manie as they doe or shall hereafter admitt to be
+joyned with them, in forme hereafter in theis presentes expressed,
+whether they goe in their persons to be planters there in the said
+plantacion, or whether they goe not, but doe adventure their monyes,
+goods or chattels, that they shalbe one bodie or communaltie perpetuall
+and shall have perpetual succession and one common seale to serve for
+the saide bodie or communaltie; and that they and their successors
+shalbe knowne, called and incorporated by the name of The Tresorer and
+Companie of Adventurers and Planters of the Citty of London for the
+Firste Collonie in Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>And that they and their successors shalbe from hensforth, forever
+enabled to take, acquire and purchase, by the name aforesaid (licens for
+the same from us, oure heires or successors first had and obtained) anie
+manner of lands, tenements and hereditaments, goods and chattels, within
+oure realme of England and dominion of Wales; and that they and their
+successors shalbe likewise enabled, by the name aforesaid, to pleade and
+to be impleaded before anie of oure judges or justices, in anie oure
+courts, and in anie accions or suits whatsoever.</p>
+
+<p>And wee doe also, of oure said speciall grace, certaine knowledge and
+mere mocion, give, grannte and confirme unto the said Tresorer and
+Companie, and their successors, under the reservacions, limittacions and
+declaracions hereafter expressed, all those lands, countries and
+territories scituat, lieinge and beinge in that place of America called
+Virginia, from the pointe of lande called Cape or Pointe Comfort all
+alonge the seacoste to the northward twoe hundred miles and from the
+said pointe of Cape Comfort all alonge the sea coast to the southward
+twoe hundred miles; and all that space and circuit of lande lieinge from
+the sea coaste of the precinct aforesaid upp unto the lande,
+throughoute, from sea to sea, west and northwest; and also all the
+island beinge within one hundred miles alonge the coaste of bothe seas
+of the precincte aforesaid; togeather with all the soiles, groundes,
+havens and portes, mynes, aswell royall mynes of golde and silver as
+other mineralls, pearles and precious stones, quarries, woods, rivers,
+waters, fishings, comodities, jurisdictions, royalties, priviledges,
+franchisies and preheminences within the said territorie and the
+precincts there of whatsoever; and thereto or there abouts, both by sea
+and lande, beinge or in anie sorte belonginge or appertayninge, and
+which wee by oure lettres patents maie or cann graunte; and in as ample
+manner and sorte as wee or anie oure noble progenitors have heretofore
+graunted to anie companie, bodie pollitique or corporate, or to anie
+adventurer or adventurers, undertaker or undertakers, of anie
+discoveries, plantacions or traffique of, in, or into anie forraine
+parts whatsoever; and in as large and ample manner as if the same were
+herin particulerly mentioned and expressed: to have, houlde, possesse
+and enjoye all and singuler the said landes, countries and territories
+with all and singuler other the premisses heretofore by theis [presents]
+graunted or mencioned to be grannted, to them, the said Tresorer and
+Companie, their successors and assignes, forever; to the sole and proper
+use of them, the said Tresorer and Companie, their successors and
+assignes [forever], to be holden of us, oure heires and successors, as
+of oure mannour of Estgreenewich, in free and common socage and not in
+capite; yeldinge and payinge, therefore, to us, oure heires and
+successors, the fifte parte onlie of all oare of gould and silver that
+from tyme to time, and at all times hereafter, shalbe there gotton, had
+and obtained, for all manner of service.</p>
+
+<p>And, nevertheles, oure will and pleasure is, and wee doe by theis
+presentes chardge, commannde, warrant and auctorize, that the said
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors, or the major parte of them
+which shall be present and assembled for that purpose, shall from time
+to time under their common seale distribute, convey, assigne and set
+over such particuler porcions of lands, tenements and hereditaments, by
+theise presents formerly grannted, unto such oure lovinge subjects
+naturallie borne of denizens, or others, aswell adventurers as planters,
+as by the said Companie, upon a commission of survey and distribucion
+executed and retourned for that purpose, shalbe named, appointed and
+allowed, wherein oure will and pleasure is, that respect be had as well
+of the proporcion of the adventure[r] as to the speciall service,
+hazarde, exploite or meritt of anie person so as to be recompenced,
+advannced or rewarded.</p>
+
+<p>And for as muche as the good and prosperous successe of the said
+plantacion cannot but cheiflie depende, next under the blessinge of God
+and the supporte of oure royall aucthoritie, upon the provident and good
+direccion of the whole enterprise by a carefull and understandinge
+Counsell, and that it is not convenient that all the adventurers shalbe
+so often drawne to meete and assemble as shalbe requisite for them to
+have metings and conference aboute theire affaires, therefore we doe
+ordaine, establishe and confirme that there shalbe perpetually one
+Counsell here resident, accordinge to the tenor of oure former lettres
+patents, which Counsell shall have a seale for the better governement
+and administracion of the said plantacion besides the legall seale of
+the Companie or Corporacion, as in oure former lettres patents is also
+expressed.</p>
+
+<p>And further wee establishe and ordaine that</p>
+
+<p>Henrie, Earl of Southampton<br />
+William, Earl of Pembrooke<br />
+Henrie, Earl of Lincoln<br />
+Thomas, Earl of Exeter<br />
+Roberte, Lord Viscounte Lisle<br />
+Lord Theophilus Howard<br />
+James, Lord Bishopp of Bathe and Wells<br />
+Edward, Lord Zouche<br />
+Thomas, Lord Laware<br />
+William, Lord Mounteagle<br />
+Edmunde, Lord Sheffeilde<br />
+Grey, Lord Shanndoys [Chandois]<a name="fnanchor_17"
+id="fnanchor_17"></a><a href="#footnote_17"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[17]</sup></a><br />
+John, Lord Stanhope<br />
+George, Lord Carew<br />
+Sir Humfrey Welde, Lord Mayor of London<br />
+Sir Edward Cecil<br />
+Sir William Waad [Wade]<br />
+Sir Henrie Nevill<br />
+Sir Thomas Smith<br />
+Sir Oliver Cromwell<br />
+Sir Peter Manwood<br />
+Sir Thomas Challoner<br />
+Sir Henrie Hovarte [Hobart]<br />
+Sir Franncis Bacon<br />
+Sir George Coppin<br />
+Sir John Scott<br />
+Sir Henrie Carey<br />
+Sir Roberte Drurie [Drury]<br />
+Sir Horatio Vere<br />
+Sir Eward Conwaye [Conway]<br />
+Sir Maurice Berkeley [Barkeley]<br />
+Sir Thomas Gates<br />
+Sir Michaele Sands [Sandys]<br />
+Sir Roberte Mansfeild [Mansel]<br />
+Sir John Trevor<br />
+Sir Amyas Preston<br />
+Sir William Godolphin<br />
+Sir Walter Cope<br />
+Sir Robert Killigrewe<br />
+Sir Henrie Faushawe [Fanshaw]<br />
+Sir Edwyn Sandes [Sandys]<br />
+Sir John Watts<br />
+Sir Henrie Montague<br />
+Sir William Romney<br />
+Sir Thomas Roe<br />
+Sir Baptiste Hicks<br />
+Sir Richard Williamson<br />
+Sir Stephen Powle [Poole]<br />
+Sir Dudley Diggs<br />
+Christopher Brooke, [Esq.]<br />
+John Eldred, and<br />
+John Wolstenholme</p>
+
+<p class="center">shalbe oure Counsell for the said Companie of
+Adventurers and Planters in Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>And the said Sir Thomas Smith wee ordaine to be Tresorer of the said
+Companie, which Tresorer shall have aucthoritie to give order for the
+warninge of the Counsell and sommoninge the Companie to their courts and
+meetings.</p>
+
+<p>And the said Counsell and Tresorer or anie of them shalbe from
+henceforth nominated, chosen, contynued, displaced, chaunged, altered
+and supplied, as death or other severall occasions shall require, out of
+the Companie of the said adventurers by the voice of the greater parte
+of the said Counsell and adventurers in their assemblie for that
+purpose; provided alwaies that everie Councellor so newlie elected
+shalbe presented to the Lord Channcellor of England, or to the Lord
+Highe Treasurer of England, or the Lord Chambleyne of the housholde of
+us, oure heires and successors, for the tyme beinge to take his oathe of
+a Counsellor to us, oure heires and successors, for the said Companie
+and Collonie in Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>And wee doe by theis presents, of oure especiall grace, certaine
+knowledge and meere motion, for us, oure heires and successors, grannte
+unto the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors, that if it
+happen at anie time or times the Tresorer for the tyme beinge to be
+sick, or to have anie such cause of absente from the cittie of London as
+shalbe allowed by the said Counsell or the greater parte of them
+assembled, so as he cannot attende the affaires of that Companie, in
+everie such case it shall and maie be lawfull for such Tresorer for the
+tyme beinge to assigne, constitute and appointe one of the Counsell for
+Companie to be likewise allowed by the Counsell or the greater parte of
+them assembled to be the deputie Tresorer for the said Companie; which
+Deputie shall have power to doe and execute all things which belonge to
+the said Tresorer duringe such tyme as such Tresorer shalbe sick or
+otherwise absent, upon cause allowed of by the said Counsell or the
+major parte of them as aforesaid, so fullie and wholie and in as large
+and ample manner and forme and to all intents and purposes as the said
+Tresorer if he were present himselfe maie or might doe and execute the
+same.</p>
+
+<p>And further of oure especiall grace, certaine knowledge and meere
+mocion, for us, oure heires and successors, wee doe by theis presents
+give and grannt full power and aucthoritie to oure said Counsell here
+resident aswell at this present tyme as hereafter, from time to time, to
+nominate, make, constitute, ordaine and confirme by such name or names,
+stile or stiles as to them shall seeme good, and likewise to revoke,
+dischardge, channge and alter aswell all and singuler governors, oficers
+and ministers which alreadie hath ben made, as also which hereafter
+shalbe by them thought fitt and meedefull to be made or used for the
+government of the said Colonie and plantacion.</p>
+
+<p>And also to make, ordaine and establishe all manner of orders, lawes,
+directions, instructions, formes and ceremonies of government and
+magistracie, fitt and necessarie, for and concerninge the government of
+the said Colonie and plantacion; and the same att all tymes hereafter to
+abrogate, revoke or chaunge, not onely within the precincts of the said
+Colonie but also upon the seas in goeing and cominge to and from the
+said Collonie, as they in their good discrecions shall thinke to be
+fittest for [the] good of the adventurers and inhabiters there.</p>
+
+<p>And we doe also declare that for divers reasons and consideracions us
+thereunto especiallie moving, oure will and pleasure is and wee doe
+hereby ordaine that imediatlie from and after such time as anie such
+governour or principall officer so to be nominated and appointed by oure
+said Counsell for the governement of the said Colonie, as aforesaid,
+shall arive in Virginia and give notice unto the Collonie there resident
+of oure pleasure in this behalfe, the government, power and aucthority
+of the President and Counsell, heretofore by oure former lettres patents
+there established, and all lawes and constitucions by them formerlie
+made, shall utterly cease and be determined; and all officers,
+governours and ministers formerly constituted or appointed shalbe
+dischardged, anie thinge in oure said former lettres patents conserninge
+the said plantacion contayned in aniewise to the contrarie
+notwithstandinge; streightlie chardginge and commaundinge the President
+and Counsell nowe resident in the said Collonie upon their alleadgiance
+after knowledge given unto them of oure will and pleasure by theis
+presentes signified and declared, that they forth with be obedient to
+such governor or governers as by oure said Counsell here resident shalbe
+named and appointed as aforesaid; and to all direccions, orders and
+commandements which they shall receive from them, aswell in the present
+resigninge and giveinge upp of their aucthoritie, offices, chardg and
+places, as in all other attendannce as shalbe by them from time to time
+required.</p>
+
+<p>And wee doe further by theis presentes ordaine and establishe that
+the said Tresorer and Counsell here resident, and their successors or
+anie fower of them assembled (the Tresorer beinge one), shall from time
+to time have full power and aucthoritie to admitt and receive anie other
+person into their companie, corporacion and freedome; and further, in a
+generall assemblie of the adventurers, with the consent of the greater
+parte upon good cause, to disfranchise and putt oute anie person or
+persons oute of the said fredome and Companie.</p>
+
+<p>And wee doe also grannt and confirme for us, oure heires and
+successors that it shalbe lawfull for the said Tresorer and Companie and
+their successors, by direccion of the Governors there, to digg and to
+serche for all manner of mynes of goulde, silver, copper, iron, leade,
+tinne and other mineralls aswell within the precincts aforesaid as
+within anie parte of the maine lande not formerly graunted to anie
+other; and to have and enjoye the gould, silver, copper, iron, leade,
+and tinn, and all other mineralls to be gotten thereby, to the use and
+behoofe of the said Companie of Planters and Adventurers, yeldinge
+therefore and payinge yerelie unto us, oure heires and successors, as
+aforesaid.</p>
+
+<p>And wee doe further of oure speciall grace, certaine knowledge and
+meere motion, for us, oure heires and successors, grannt, by theis
+presents to and withe the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors, that it shalbe lawfull and free for them and their assignes
+at all and everie time and times here after, oute of oure realme of
+England and oute of all other [our] dominions, to take and leade into
+the said voyage, and for and towards the said plantacion, and to travell
+thitherwards and to abide and inhabite therein the said Colonie and
+plantacion, all such and so manie of oure lovinge subjects, or anie
+other straungers that wilbecomme oure lovinge subjects and live under
+oure allegiance, as shall willinglie accompanie them in the said voyadge
+and plantation with sufficient shippinge, armour, weapons, ordinannce,
+municion, powder, shott, victualls, and such merchaundize or wares as
+are esteemed by the wilde people in those parts, clothinge, implements,
+furnitures, catle, horses and mares, and all other thinges necessarie
+for the said plantation and for their use and defence and trade with the
+people there, and in passinge and retourninge to and from without
+yeldinge or payinge subsedie, custome, imposicion, or anie other taxe or
+duties to us, oure heires or successors, for the space of seaven yeares
+from the date of theis presents; provided, that none of the said persons
+be such as shalbe hereafter by speciall name restrained by us, oure
+heires or successors.</p>
+
+<p>And for their further encouragement, of oure speciall grace and
+favour, wee doe by theis present for us, oure heires and successors,
+yeild and graunte to and with the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors and everie of them, their factors and assignes, that they and
+every of them shalbe free and quiett of all subsedies and customes in
+Virginia for the space of one and twentie yeres, and from all taxes and
+imposicions for ever, upon anie goods or merchaundizes at anie time or
+times hereafter, either upon importation thither or exportation from
+thence into oure realme of England or into anie other of oure [realms
+or] dominions, by the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors,
+their deputies, factors [or] assignes or anie of them, except onlie the
+five pound per centum due for custome upon all such good and
+merchanndizes as shalbe brought or imported into oure realme of England
+or anie other of theis oure dominions accordinge to the auncient trade
+of merchannts, which five poundes per centum onely beinge paid, it
+shalbe thensforth lawfull and free for the said Adventurers the same
+goods [and] merchaundizes to export and carrie oute of oure said
+dominions into forraine partes without anie custome, taxe or other duty
+to be paide to us, oure heires or successors or to anie other oure
+officers or deputies; provided, that the saide goods and merchaundizes
+be shipped out within thirteene monethes after their first landinge
+within anie parte of those dominions.</p>
+
+<p>And wee doe also confirme and grannt to the said Tresorer and
+Companie, and their successors, as also to all and everie such governer
+or other officers and ministers as by oure said Counsell shalbe
+appointed, to have power and aucthoritie of governement and commannd in
+or over the said Colonie or plantacion; that they and everie of them
+shall and lawfullie maie from tyme to tyme and at all tymes forever
+hereafter, for their severall defence and safetie, enconnter, expulse,
+repell and resist by force and armes, aswell by sea as by land, and all
+waies and meanes whatsoever, all and everie such person and persons
+whatsoever as without the speciall licens of the said Tresorer and
+Companie and their successors shall attempte to inhabite within the said
+severall precincts and lymitts of the said Colonie and plantacion; and
+also, all and everie such person and persons whatsoever as shall
+enterprise, or attempte at anie time hereafter, destruccion, invasion,
+hurte, detriment or annoyannce to the said Collonye and plantacion, as
+is likewise specified in the said former grannte.</p>
+
+<p>And that it shalbe lawful for the said Tresorer and Companie, and
+their successors and everie of them, from time to time and at all times
+hereafter, and they shall have full power and aucthoritie, to take and
+surprise by all waies and meanes whatsoever all and everie person and
+persons whatsoever, with their shippes, goods and other furniture,
+traffiquinge in anie harbor, creeke or place within the limitts or
+precincts of the said Colonie and plantacion, [not] beinge<a
+name="fnanchor_18" id="fnanchor_18"></a><a href="#footnote_18"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[18]</sup></a> allowed by the said Companie to be
+adventurers or planters of the said Colonie, untill such time as they
+beinge of anie realmes or dominions under oure obedience shall paie or
+agree to paie, to the hands of the Tresorer or [of] some other officer
+deputed by the said governors in Virginia (over and above such subsedie
+and custome as the said Companie is or here after shalbe to paie) five
+poundes per centum upon all goods and merchaundizes soe brought in
+thither, and also five per centum upon all goods by them shipped oute
+from thence; and being straungers and not under oure obedience untill
+they have payed (over and above such subsedie and custome as the same
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors is or hereafter shalbe to
+paie) tenn pounds per centum upon all such goods, likewise carried in
+and oute, any thinge in the former lettres patents to the contrarie not
+withstandinge; and the same sommes of monie and benefitt as aforesaid
+for and duringe the space of one and twentie yeares shalbe wholie
+imploied to the benefitt and behoof of the said Colonie and plantacion;
+and after the saide one and twentie yeares ended, the same shalbe taken
+to the use of us, oure heires or successors, by such officer and
+minister as by us, oure heires or successors, shalbe thereunto assigned
+and appointed, as is specified in the said former lettres patents.</p>
+
+<p>Also wee doe, for us, oure heires and successors, declare by theis
+presents, that all and everie the persons beinge oure subjects which
+shall goe and inhabit within the said Colonye and plantacion, and everie
+of their children and posteritie which shall happen to be borne within
+[any] the lymitts thereof, shall have [and] enjoye all liberties,
+franchesies and immunities of free denizens and naturall subjects within
+anie of oure other dominions to all intents and purposes as if they had
+bine abidinge and borne within this oure kingdome of England or in anie
+other of oure dominions.</p>
+
+<p>And forasmuch as it shalbe necessarie for all such our lovinge
+subjects as shall inhabitt within the said precincts of Virginia
+aforesaid to determine to live togither in the feare and true woorshipp
+of Almightie God, Christian peace and civill quietnes, each with other,
+whereby everie one maie with more safety, pleasure and profitt enjoye
+that where unto they shall attaine with great paine and perill, wee, for
+us, oure heires and successors, are likewise pleased and contented and
+by theis presents doe give and graunte unto the said Tresorer and
+Companie and their successors and to such governors, officers and
+ministers as shalbe, by oure said Councell, constituted and appointed,
+accordinge to the natures and lymitts of their offices and places
+respectively, that they shall and maie from time to time for ever
+hereafter, within the said precincts of Virginia or in the waie by the
+seas thither and from thence, have full and absolute power and
+aucthority to correct, punishe, pardon, governe and rule all such the
+subjects of us, oure heires and successors as shall from time to time
+adventure themselves in anie voiadge thither or that shall at anie tyme
+hereafter inhabitt in the precincts and territorie of the said Colonie
+as aforesaid, accordinge to such order, ordinaunces, constitution,
+directions and instruccions as by oure said Counsell, as aforesaid,
+shalbe established; and in defect thereof, in case of necessitie
+according to the good discretions of the said governours and officers
+respectively, aswell in cases capitall and criminall as civill, both
+marine and other, so alwaies as the said statuts, ordinannces and
+proceedinges as neere as convenientlie maie be, be agreable to the
+lawes, statutes, government and pollicie of this oure realme of
+England.</p>
+
+<p>And we doe further of oure speciall grace, certeine knowledge and
+mere mocion, grant, declare and ordaine that such principall governour
+as from time to time shall dulie and lawfullie be aucthorised and
+appointed, in manner and forme in theis presents heretofore expressed,
+shall [have] full power and aucthoritie to use and exercise marshall
+lawe in cases of rebellion or mutiny in as large and ample manner as
+oure leiutenant in oure counties within oure realme of England have or
+ought to have by force of their comissions of lieutenancy.</p>
+
+<p>And furthermore, if anie person or persons, adventurers or planters,
+of the said Colonie, or anie other at anie time or times hereafter,
+shall transporte anie monyes, goods or marchaundizes oute of anie [of]
+oure kingdomes with a pretence or purpose to lande, sell or otherwise
+dispose the same within the lymitts and bounds of the said Collonie, and
+yet nevertheles beinge at sea or after he hath landed within anie part
+of the said Colonie shall carrie the same into anie other forraine
+Countrie, with a purpose there to sell and dispose there of that, then
+all the goods and chattels of the said person or persons so offendinge
+and transported, together with the shipp or vessell wherein such
+transportacion was made, shalbe forfeited to us, oure heires and
+successors.</p>
+
+<p>And further, oure will and pleasure is, that in all questions and
+doubts that shall arrise upon anie difficultie of construccion or
+interpretacion of anie thinge contained either in this or in oure said
+former lettres patents, the same shalbe taken and interpreted in most
+ample and beneficiall manner for the said Tresorer and Companie and
+their successors and everie member there of.</p>
+
+<p>And further, wee doe by theis presents ratifie and confirme unto the
+said Tresorer and Companie and their successors all privuleges,
+franchesies, liberties and immunties graunted in oure said former
+lettres patents and not in theis oure lettres patents revoked, altered,
+channged or abridged.</p>
+
+<p>And finallie, oure will and pleasure is and wee doe further hereby
+for us, oure heires and successors grannte and agree, to and with the
+said Tresorer and Companie and their successors, that all and singuler
+person and persons which shall at anie time or times hereafter adventure
+anie somme or sommes of money in and towards the said plantacion of the
+said Colonie in Virginia and shalbe admitted by the said Counsell and
+Companie as adventurers of the said Colonie, in forme aforesaid, and
+shalbe enrolled in the booke or record of the adventurers of the said
+Companye, shall and maie be accompted, accepted, taken, helde and
+reputed Adventurers of the said Collonie and shall and maie enjoye all
+and singuler grannts, priviledges, liberties, benefitts, profitts,
+commodities [and immunities], advantages and emoluments whatsoever as
+fullie, largely, amplie and absolutely as if they and everie of them had
+ben precisely, plainely, singulerly and distinctly named and inserted in
+theis oure lettres patents.</p>
+
+<p>And lastely, because the principall effect which wee cann desier or
+expect of this action is the conversion and reduccion of the people in
+those partes unto the true worshipp of God and Christian religion, in
+which respect wee would be lothe that anie person should be permitted to
+passe that wee suspected to affect the superstitions of the Churche of
+Rome, wee doe hereby declare that it is oure will and pleasure that none
+be permitted to passe in anie voiadge from time to time to be made into
+the saide countrie but such as firste shall have taken the oath of
+supremacie, for which purpose wee doe by theise presents give full power
+and aucthoritie to the Tresorer for the time beinge, and anie three of
+the Counsell, to tender and exhibite the said oath to all such persons
+as shall at anie time be sent and imploied in the said voiadge.</p>
+
+<p>Although expresse mention [of the true yearly value or certainty of
+the premises, or any of them, or of any other gifts or grants, by us or
+any of our progenitors or predecessors, to the aforesaid Treasurer and
+Company heretofore made, in these presents is not made; or any act,
+statute, ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restraint, to the
+contrary hereof had, made, ordained, or provided, or any other thing,
+cause, or matter, whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.] In witnes
+whereof [we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness
+ourself at Westminster, the 23d day of May (1609) in the seventh year of
+our reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of Scotland the ****]</p>
+
+<p class="center">Per ipsum Regem exactum.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1796, 5;
+Stith, Appendix, pp. 8-22; Hening, Vol. I, pp. 80-98.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_5" id="footnote_5"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_5">[5]</a> All names in brackets supplied from text
+in Stith.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_6" id="footnote_6"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_6">[6]</a> Stith's footnote: "The adventurers names
+are vastly confused and different in the different M. S. copies of this
+charter. I chose the two fairest and most correct copies, that I met
+with, to transcribe from; and altho' they both agree in writing this
+name, Sir <i>Edward Sands</i>, or <i>Sandis</i>, yet they are both
+certainly wrong, as might be easily proved, were it worth while, and
+would not be too tedious. I was also much puzzled to adjust and set
+right others of the names; and altho' I was at no small pains in
+collating the copies, and in consulting and referring to other ancient
+letters patents and papers, yet I will not affirm that I am not often
+mistaken. But however erroneous and perplexed the names of the
+adventurers may be, yet I found the main body, and material parts of the
+charter, very clear, full, and correct."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_7" id="footnote_7"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_7">[7]</a> Omitted from Stith.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_8" id="footnote_8"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_8">[8]</a> Between this name and that following Stith
+adds: "Edward Burwell."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_9" id="footnote_9"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_9">[9]</a> Between this name and that following Stith
+adds: "John Cooper."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_10" id="footnote_10"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_10">[10]</a> Between this name and that following
+Stith adds: "Thomas Culler, grocer."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_11" id="footnote_11"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_11">[11]</a> Name given twice in P. R. O.
+transcript.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_12" id="footnote_12"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_12">[12]</a> Between this name and that following
+Stith adds: "Robert Phips, grocer."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_13" id="footnote_13"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_13">[13]</a> Name given twice in P. R. O.
+transcript.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_14" id="footnote_14"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_14">[14]</a> Stith reads: "Thomas Wells, grocer."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_15" id="footnote_15"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_15">[15]</a> Between this name and that following
+Stith adds: "Robert Milmay, grocer."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_16" id="footnote_16"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_16">[16]</a> Following this Stith adds: "The Company
+of Gardiners."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_17" id="footnote_17"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_17">[17]</a> All names in brackets are taken from the
+text in Stith.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_18" id="footnote_18"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_18">[18]</a> Stith's footnote: "It is <i>and
+being</i> in the original; but the sense carried me so clearly to it,
+that I ventured to make this correction, letting the reader at the same
+time know it."</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_5"></a>VIRGINIA COUNCIL. "INSTRUCCIONS<br />
+ORDERS AND CONSTITUCIONS ...<br />
+TO SR THOMAS GATES KNIGHT GOVERNOR<br />
+OF VIRGINIA"</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">May, 1609</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2 blockquote">Instructions, orders and constitucions by way
+of advise sett downe, declared and propounded to Sir Thomas Gates,
+Knight, Governor of Virginia and of the Colony there planted and to be
+planted, and of all the inhabitants thereof, by us His Majesties
+Counsell for the direction of the affaires of that countrey for his
+better disposinge and proceedinge in the government thereof accordinge
+to the authority and power given unto us by virtue of His Majesties
+lettres patents.</p>
+
+<p>1. Havinge considered the greate sufficiency and zealous affection
+which you, Sir Thomas Gates, have many waies manifested unto us, and
+havinge therefore by our Commission under our hands and seales
+constituted and ordained you to be the Governor of Virginia, wee His
+Majesties Counsell for that plantacion, have consulted and advised uppon
+divers instructions for your safer and more deliberate proceedinge
+therein; and therefore doe requier and charge you, accordinge to the
+Comission in that behalf directed unto you, presently with all
+convenient speede to take the charge and of our fleete consistinge of
+eight good shippes and one pinnace and of sixe hundred land men to be
+transported under your commaund, and with the first winde to sett saile
+for Virginia. And in your passage thither you shall not land nor touch
+any of the Kinge of Spaines his Dominions quetly possessed, without the
+leave or licence of the governor of such place as you shal by accident
+or contrary windes be forced into. You shall also hold counsell with the
+masters and pilotts and men of the best experience what way is safest
+and fittest for you to take, because we hold it daungerous that you
+should keepe the old course of Dominico and Meins lest you fall into the
+hand of the Spaniard, who may attend in that roade ready to intercept
+you:</p>
+
+<p>2. When it shall please God that you have safely attained the Kings
+River, and our porte and seate of James Towne in Virginia, wee advise
+you to call by proclamacion into some publique place, all the governors,
+officers, and other His Majesties subjects aswell already seated there
+as transported with you, to whom you shall cause your Commission to be
+directly reade, whereby significacion may be had of His Majesties
+pleasure in establishinge you the Governor of that countrey and
+plantacion, and the President, Councell and Colony there may take notice
+of the revocacion of that fourme of governement by the first lettres
+patents constituted and confirmed, and accordingly yeald due obedience
+unto you, their Governor.</p>
+
+<p>3. You shall demaund then and resume into your hands the former
+lettres pattents and all instruccions &amp; publique instruments given
+or sent unto them and all bookes and records whatsoever of the generall
+proceedings untill this time, and dispose of them in the future
+accordinge to your discrecion.</p>
+
+<p>4. Beinge setled in your government, you shall call unto you, for
+your further advise and graver proceedinge, their principall officers
+and gentlemen whom we do ordaine and appointe to be of the Councell and
+who for earliness of their undertakings and their greate paines and
+merits doe well deserve this honor &amp; respect from us: Sir George
+Summers, Knight, and Admirall of Virginia; Captaine John Smith, nowe
+President; Captaine John Radclif; Captaine Peter Winne, Seirjant Major
+of the fort; Mr. Mathewe Scrivenor, whom out of our good experience of
+his abilities in that kinde we doe name and appointe to be Secretary of
+that Councell; Captaine John Martine; Captaine Richard Waldoe, master of
+the workes; Captaine Woode; and Mr. Fleetwoode, whom we assure ourselves
+you will use with all good respecte in their places and to whome wee
+expecte that you shall give such other preferrements as their former
+paines have deserved, and in all matters of importance we require you to
+call them to consultacion and to proceede therein with their advice; and
+wee doe give further power and authority to you, to give the oathe of
+Counsellor to such as are now named, or any other oathe in the like
+case, accordinge to your direccion. Provided that they shall not have,
+single nor together, anie bindinge or negative voice or power uppon your
+conclusions but doe give you full authority, uppon just occasion to
+sequester any of them from the execucion of any place whatsover, and to
+depute another thereunto untill significacion unto us be here made:</p>
+
+<p>5. You shall have power and authority to dispose and graunte any
+other officer or commaunds whatsoever, either of governement or warr,
+except such as are already disposed of by us to any persons of rancke or
+merite (adventurers beings first regarded), accordinge to your
+discrecion and so discharge or revoke the same or to sequester any so
+made or constituted by us.</p>
+
+<p>6. You shall take principall order and care for the true and reverent
+worship of God that his worde be duely preached and his holy sacraments
+administred accordinge to the constitucions of the Church of England in
+all fundamentall pointes, and his ministers had in due observance and
+respecte agreeable to the dignity of their callinge. And that all
+atheisme, prophanes, popery, or schisme be exemplarily punished to the
+honor of God and to the peace and safety of his Church, over which, in
+this tendernes and infancy, you must be especially solicitous &amp;
+watchefull.</p>
+
+<p>7. You shall, with all propensenes and diligence, endeavour the
+conversion of the natives to the knowledge and worship of the true God
+and their redeemer Christ Jesus, as the most pious and noble end of this
+plantacion, which the better to effect you must procure from them some
+convenient nomber of their children to be brought up in your language
+and manners, and if you finde it convenient, we thinke it reasonable you
+first remove from them their Iniocasockes or Priestes by a surprise of
+them all and detaininge them prisoners, for they are so wrapped up in
+the fogge and miserie of their iniquity and so tirrified with their
+continuall tirrany, chained under the bond of deathe unto the divell
+that while they live amounge them to poison and infecte them their
+mindes, you shall never make any great progres into this glorious worke,
+nor have any civill peace or concurre with them. And in case of
+necessity or conveniency, we pronounce it not crueltie nor breache of
+charity to deale more sharpely with them and to proceede even to dache
+[death?] with these murtherers of soules and sacrificers of God's images
+to the divill, referringe the consideracion of this as a waighty matter
+of important consequence to the circumstances of the busines and place
+in your discrecion.</p>
+
+<p>8. You shall for capitall and criminal justice in case of rebellion
+and mutiny and in all such cases of [provident (?)] necessity, proceede
+by martiall lawe accordinge to your comission as of most dispatch and
+terror and fittest for this governement; and in all other causes of that
+nature as also in all matters of civill justice, you shall finde it
+properest and usefullest for your governement to proceede rather as a
+chauncelor than as a judge, rather uppon the naturall right and equity
+then uppon the nicenes and lettre of the lawe which perplexeth in this
+tender body, rather then dispatcheth all causes so that a summary and
+arbitrary way of justice discreetely mingled with those gravities and
+fourmes of magistracy as shall in your discrecion seeme aptest for you
+and that place, wilbe of most use both for expedicion and for
+example:</p>
+
+<p>9. You shall for the more regard and respect of your place, to begett
+reverence to your authority and to refresh their mindes that obey the
+gravity of those lawes under which they were borne; at your discrecion
+use such fourmes and ensignes of governement as by our lettres pattents
+wee are enabled to grant unto you; as also the attendance of a guarde
+uppon your person, and in all such like cases you shall have power to
+make, adde or distinguishe any lawes or ordinances at your discrecion
+accordinge to the authority limited in your comission.</p>
+
+<p>10. You shall, for the choice of plantacions observe two generall
+rulles: that you rather seeke to the sun then from it, which is under
+God the first cause both of health and riches; and that such places
+which you resolve to build and inhabite uppon have at the leaste one
+good outlett into the sea &amp; fresh water to the land; that it be a
+dry and wholesome earth and as free from woode as possiblie you may,
+whereby you may have roome to discover about you and unshady ground to
+plant nere you.</p>
+
+<p>11. You must in every plantacion principally provide of your owne a
+common graunge and storehowse of corne, besides that which you will
+obtaine by tribute or trade with the natives.</p>
+
+<p>12. In the distribucion of your men accordinge to these advises and
+relacions which wee have receaved, we advise you to continue the
+plantacion at James Towne with a convenient nomber of men, but not as
+your situacion or citty, because the place is unwholsome and but in the
+marish of Virginia, and to keepe it onely as a fitt porte for your
+shippes to ride before to arive and unlade att; butt neither shall you
+make it your principall storehowse or magazin either of armes, victualls
+or goods, but because it is so accessable with shippinge that an enemy
+may be easily uppon you with all the provision of ordinance and municion
+and it is not to be expected that anie fortificacion there can endure an
+enemy that hath the leasure to sitt downe before it.</p>
+
+<p>13. The place you chose for your principall residence and seate to
+have your catle, provisions of corne, foode, and magazin of other
+municion in, as your greatest strength, trust and retraite, must be
+removed some good distance from any navigable river, except with small
+boates, by which no enemy shall dare to seeke your habitacion; and if in
+this place some good fortificacion be made to which no ordinance can be
+brought by water, if you be provided of victuall, you may dispute
+possession till a straunger be wearied and starved.</p>
+
+<p>14. Above the over falles of the Kinges River it is likely you shall
+finde some convenient place to this purpose whither no enemy with ease
+can approache nor with ordinance at all but by land, with at howe greate
+disadvauntage he shall seeke when he must discover and fight at once
+uppon straightes, in woodes, at foordes, and places of all
+inconveniency, is easy to be considered; besides, you shall have the
+commodity of the braunche of the river to bringe downe your provisions
+from within the land in canooes and smalle boates in the River of
+Chechehounnack, neere unto you and not farre of another navagable
+outlett into the sea by the River of Pamaouke.</p>
+
+<p>15. Foure dayes journey from your forte southewards is a towne called
+Ohonahorn seated where the River of Choanocki devideth it self into
+three braunches and falleth into the sea of Rawnocke in thirtie five
+degrees; this place, if you seeke by Indian guides from James forte to
+Winocke by water, from thence to Manqueocke, some twenty miles from
+thence to Caththega, as much and from thence to Oconahoen, you shall
+finde a brave and fruiteful seate every way unaccessable by a straunger
+enemy, much more abundant in pochon and in the grasse silke called Cour
+del Cherva and in vines, then any parte of this land knowne unto us.
+Here we suppose, if you make your principall and cheife seate, you shall
+doe most safely and richely because you are in the part of the land
+inclined to the southe, and two of the best rivers will supply you;
+besides you are neere to riche copper mines of Ritanoc and may passe
+them by one braunche of this river, and by another, Peccarecamicke,
+where you shall finde foure of the Englishe alive, left by Sir Walter
+Rawely, which escaped from the slaughter of Powhaton of Roanocke, uppon
+the first arrivall of our Colonie, and live under the proteccion of a
+wiroane called Gepanocon, enemy to Powhaton by whose consent you shall
+never recover them; one of these were worth much labour, and if you
+finde them not, yet seach [search?] into this countrey, it is more
+probable then towards the north.</p>
+
+<p>16. These three habitations seeme enoughe for the nomber of the
+people nowe transported, over every one of which you must appointe a
+discreete commaunder that shall sett your men to severall workes
+accordinge to their undertakings in the bookes by which they were
+receaved; in every one of these there must be builte a church and a
+storehowse and a parte of land sett out for corne for the publique and
+some allotted to the care of manuringe and preparinge thereof. In
+buildinge your towns you shall as easily keepe decorous and order as
+confusion; and so you shall prepare for ornament and safety at once, for
+every streete may answere one another and all of them the markett place
+or storehowse in the midle which at the leaste must be paved and made
+firme and dry.</p>
+
+<p>17. Your enemies can be but of two sortes, straungers and natives;
+for the first, your defence must be uppon advauntage of the place and
+way unto it, for fortes have no other use but that a fewe men may defend
+and dispute their footinge with them against a greater nomber and to
+winne time which, if you can do, a stranger cannot longe abide where he
+must bringe all his releis [relief?] with him, and he shall have no way
+to beseidge you but by blockinge you in and plantinge between you and
+the sea, to which if you have two outeletts he must be very able and
+powerfull that can do it; to prevent this you shall build some small
+forte that may discry the sea neere Cape Comforte, and there hold a
+reasonable garrison and keepe alwaies watch and longe boate that may be
+ready to take the alarum and able to cary away our men, and munition if
+you shall not be able to defend it. Besides it is not safe to lett any
+of the savages dwell betwene you and the sea least they be made guides
+to your enemies. To this commaunde wee desire Captaine Smith may be
+allotted aswell for his earnest desire as the greate confidence &amp;
+trust that we have in his care &amp; diligence.</p>
+
+<p>18. The second enemy is the natives who can no way hurte you but by
+fire or by destroyinge your catle, or hinderinge your workes by stealth
+or your passages in small nombers; and in this sorte of warr there is
+most perill if you be not very carefull, for if they may destroy but one
+harvest or burne your townes in the night they will leave you naked and
+exposed to famine and cold, and convey themselves into wodes where
+revenge wilbe as difficult as unnecessary; to prevent that you must
+keepe good watches in the fielde and suffer none of them to come nere
+your corne in those daungerous seasons; and continuall centinells
+without the walles or uttermost defences in the night; and you must give
+order that your catle be kept in heards waited and attended on by some
+small watch or so enclosed by them selves that they destroy not your
+corne and other seed provisions.</p>
+
+<p>19. For Powhaton and his Weroances it is clere even to reason beside
+our experience that he loved not our neighbourhood and therefore you may
+no way trust him, but if you finde it not best to make him your prisoner
+yet you must make him your tributary, and all other his weroances about
+him first to acknowledge no other lord but Kinge James, and so we shall
+free them all from the tirrany of Powhaton ... uppon them. Every lord of
+a province shall pay you and send you into your forte where you make
+your cheif residence so many measures of corne at every harvest, soe
+many basketts of dye, so many dozens of skins, so many of his people to
+worke weekely, and of every thinge somewhat, accordinge to his
+proporcion in greatenes of territory and men; by which meanes you shall
+quietly drawe to your selves an annuall revenue of every commodity
+growinge in that countrey and this tribute payd to you, for which you
+shall deliver them from the exeacions of Powhaton which are now
+burdensome, and protect and defend them from all their enemies; shall
+also be a meanes of clearinge much ground of wood and of reducing them
+to laboure and trade seinge for this rent onely they shall enjoye their
+howses, and the rest of their travell quietly and many other commodities
+and blessings of which they are yet insensible.</p>
+
+<p>20. If you hope to winne them and to provide for your selves by trade
+you wilbe deceaved, for already your copper is embased by your abundance
+and neglect of prisinge it and they will never feede you but for feare.
+Wherefore, if you perceave that they, uppon your landinge, fly up into
+the countrey and forsake their habitacion, you must seise into your
+custody half there corne and harvest and their Weroances and all other
+their knowne successors at once whom, if you intreate well and educate
+those which are younge and to succeede in the governement in your
+manners and religion, their people will easily obey you and become in
+time civill and Christian.</p>
+
+<p>21. If you make freindship with any of these nations, as you must
+doe, choose to doe it with those that are farthest from you and enemies
+unto those amonge whom you dwell, for you shall have least occasion to
+have differences with them and by that meanes a suerer league of amity,
+and you shalbe suer of their trade partely for covetousnes and to serve
+their owne ends, where the copper is yett in his primary estimacion
+which Pohaton hath hitherto engrossed and partely for feare of
+constrainte. Monocon, to the east and head of our river, Powhatons
+enemy; and the Manahockes, to the northeast to the head of the River of
+Moyompo in the necke of the land to the west betweene our bay and the
+sea; Cathcatapeius, a greater Weroance then he is, also his enemy to the
+Southeast and South&mdash;he hath no freinde to the north; the
+Masawoymekes make continuall incursions uppon him and uppon all those
+that inhabite the Rivers of Bolus and Myomps and to the northwest;
+Pocoughtuwonough infecteth him with a terrible warr. With those you may
+hold trade and freindeship good cheape for their emotenes [remoteness?]
+will prevent all offence which must needes happen betweene us and them
+which we are mingled with to the North. At the head bay is a large towne
+where is store of copper and furres called Cataaneon that trade and
+discovery wilbe to greate purpose, if it may be setled yearely.</p>
+
+<p>22. Such trade as you shall finde necessary or profitable for you
+with the Indians you shall endeavour to drawe them to seeke of you and
+to bringe their commodities into your forte, which will greatly ease the
+imployment of many men, and this you may bringe to passe by seeminge to
+make litle estimacion of trade with them and by pretendinge to be so
+able to consist within your selves as that you neede care for nothinge
+of theires, but rather that you doe them a curtesy to spare such
+necessaries as they want as leetle iron tooles, or copper, or the like
+such as are convenient for traffique; and so one officer or two in every
+forte, whom you must onely appointe to be truncmasters, may dispatch the
+whole busines of trade which els will cost you many mens laboures if you
+seeke it far from home. And besides these you must, by proclamacion or
+edicte publiquely affixed, prohibite and forbidd uppon paine or
+punishement of your discrecion all other persons to trade or exchange
+for anythinge but such as shalbe necessarie for foode or clothinge; and
+uppon all such commodities of yours as shall passe away from you
+whatsoever, you must sett prises and values under which the
+trunckemaster must not trade, and so you shalbe such to uphold the
+reputacion of your commodity and to make your traffique rich, desired
+and certaine; over this truncemaster there must be appointed a cape
+merchant or officer belonginge to the store or provision house that must
+deliver by booke all such things as shalbe allowed for trade and receave
+and take an accounte of whatsover is retourned, accordinge to the prises
+therein sett, and so beinge booked must store them up, to the publique
+use of the colony.</p>
+
+<p>23. You must constitute and declare some sharpe lawe with a penaltie
+thereon to restraine the trade of any prohibited goods, especially of
+swordes, pikeheads, gunnes, daggers, or any thinge of iron that may be
+turned against you, and in case of such offence punishe severely; have
+also especially regard that no arte or trade tendinge to armes in any
+wise, as smithey, carpentry, of or such like, be taught the savages or
+used in their presence, as they may learne therein.</p>
+
+<p>24. Havinge deduced your colony into severall seates and plantacions
+that may commodiously answere and receive one another, you must devide
+your people into tennes, twenties, &amp; so upwards, to every necessary
+worke a competent nomber, over every one of which you must appointe some
+man of care and [skill] in that worke to oversee them and to take daily
+accounte of their laboures; and you must ordaine that every overseer of
+such a nomber of workemen deliver once a weeke an accounte of the wholle
+committed to his charge [to] the cheife governor or captaine of the
+fourte; and that they also once a moneth make the like accounte to you
+or your officer and that such goodes or provisions as are advanced or
+gotten above expence may be receaved and entred into the capemarchantes
+booke and so stored and preserved to the publique use of the colony. And
+thus you shall both knowe howe your men are imployed, what they gett
+&amp; where it is, as also the measure of your provision and wealth.</p>
+
+<p>25. For such of your men as shall attend any worke in or nere aboute
+every towne, you shall doe best to lett them eate together at seasonable
+howers in some publique place, beinge messed by sixe or five to a messe,
+in which you must see there bee equality and sufficient that so they may
+come and retourne to their worke without any delay and have no cause to
+complaine of measure or to excuse their idlenes uppon the dressinge or
+want of diett. You may well allowe them three howers in a somers day and
+two in the winter, and shall call them together by ringinge of a bell
+and by the same worne them againe to worke; for such as attend any
+labouer so farre from the forte, as they cannot returne at seasonable
+times, there must be a steward appointed that shall oversee there diett
+and provision, els thoughe you give every one a reasonalbe allowance for
+many dayes some will eate two meales at one &amp; soe:</p>
+
+<p>26. You shall give especiall order to the cheif commaunder of every
+forte that the armes, powder and munition be well stored and looked into
+and that the men be disposed into severall companies for warr and
+captaines appointed over every fifty to traine them at convenient times
+and to teache them the use of their armes and weapons and they may knowe
+whether uppon all occasions and sudden attempts they shall repaire to
+find them in a readines.</p>
+
+<p>27. You must take especiall care what relacions come into England and
+what lettres are written and that all thinges of that nature may be
+boxed up and sealed and sent to first to the Councell here, accordinge
+to a former instruccion unto the late president in that behalf directed;
+and that at the arivall and retourne of every shippinge you endeavour to
+knowe all the particuler passages and informacions given on both sides
+and to advertise us accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>28. Whensoever you consult of any busines of importance, wee advise
+you to consider and deliberate all thinges patiently &amp; willingly and
+to heare every man his oppinion and objeccion, but the resultants out of
+them or your owne determinacion what you intend to doe not to imparte to
+any whatsoever, but to such onely as shall execute it, and to them also
+under the sealle of your commaundement and but at the instant of their
+partinge from you or the execucion of your will.</p>
+
+<p>29. Next after buildinge, husbandry and manuringe the countrey for
+the provision of life and conveniency, wee comend unto your care foure
+principall waies of enrichinge the colonies and providinge returne of
+commodity, of which you must be very solicitouse that our fleetes come
+not home empty nor laden with useles marchandize. The first is discovery
+either of the southe seas or royall mines, in the search of both which
+we must referre you to the circumstances of your peace and your owne
+discrecion; the second is trade whereby you recover all the commodities
+of those countreys that ly far of and yet are accessable by water; the
+third is tribute, by which you shall advaunce parte of what soever the
+next lande can provide you can produce; the fourth is labour of your
+owne men in makinge wines, pitche, tarre, sope, ashes, steele, iron,
+pipestaves, in sowinge of hempe and flaxe, in gatheringe silke of the
+grasse, and providinge the worme and in fishinge for pearle, codd,
+sturgion, and such like.</p>
+
+<p>30. Wee require you to call before you Captaine John Radcliffe and
+one ... Webbe who hath complained by peticion delivered unto you of
+divers injuries and insolences done unto him in the governement of the
+said Captaine Radcliffe, and accordingly to heare the cause and doe
+justice in it as you shall finde reason in it your owne discrecion.</p>
+
+<p>31. Whereas suite hath bine made unto us as for the retourne of
+Richard Potts, David Wiffin and Post Ginnet, and sufficient reasons
+declared to move us to graunte the same which hath bine agreed unto by
+the Councell assembled, wee require you to give them their licence to
+come backe by the next shippinge with such condicions or limitacions of
+retorne or otherwise as you shall thinke good.</p>
+
+<p>32. Whereas peticion hath bine made by the friends of John Tavernor,
+capemarchant of the forte and store in Virginia, for his retorne uppon
+some urgent occasion and for some time into England, we require you to
+licence him so to do if it be his desire when you arive there; and we
+doe nominate and appointe Thomas Wittingham into his roome and office,
+beinge one in whose sufficiency and honesty we have greate
+confidence.</p>
+
+<p>33. There beinge one George Liste, servant to John Woodall and sent
+over by him with a chest of cheurgery sufficiently furnished, we require
+you to give your licence to William Wilson, his fellowe, if the said
+George Liste doe stay with you, to come backe in this passage, the
+better to enfourme us what medicines and drugges are fittest to be
+provided for the use of the colonie against the next supply.</p>
+
+<p>34. You shall be very wary of grantinge freedomes and of givinge your
+sealle to any but uppon good consideracion and greate merite, least you
+make cheape the best way of our recompence; and in those you doe you
+shall give with such limitacions of retorne in reasonable time as in
+your discrecion shall seeme good.</p>
+
+<p>35. If it shall please God that you should dy either in your way or
+in your governement (which his mercy forbid) before other order be taken
+by us therein, wee requier and commaund that the Councell there
+established open a blacke boxe, marked with the figure of one and sealed
+with our sealle, wherein they shall finde our determinacion concerninge
+the successor to the governement; and do, in His Majesties name, charge
+and commaund every person within the precincte of the Colony to give and
+yeild due obedience to him so named and appointed accordinge unto his
+commission unto him, directed as they will aunswere to the contrary at
+their uttermost perill.</p>
+
+<p>36. Wee also requier you, the present Governor &amp; all your
+successors, to keepe secret to your selves, unsealed and unbroken up,
+all such lettres, schedules and instruments and whatsoever wee shall
+deliver you soe under our sealle, especially two blacke boxes with
+divers markes wherein are our commissions in cases of death or other
+vacacion of the Governor untill such time as you shall find your self
+unlikely to live or determined to returne, uppon which occasions wee
+requier you that they be delivered before all the Councell to be opened
+successively after such death or departure out of Virginia of any
+Governor.</p>
+
+<p>Provided that in all thinges herein contained, except onely the
+succession, wee doe by these our lettres instruccions binde you to
+nothinge so strictely but that uppon due consideracion and good reason,
+and uppon divers circumstances of time and place wherein we cannot here
+conclude, you may in your discrecion departe and dissent from them and
+change, alter or establishe, execute and doe all ordinances or acts
+whatsoever that may best conducte to the glory of God, the honor of our
+Kinge and nation to the good and perfect establishement of our Colony.
+Geven under our hands and Councell sealle the
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; day of May, in the seaventh yeare
+of His Majesties ragne of England, Fraunce &amp; Ireland and Scotland
+the two and fortithe.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">Kingsbury, <i>Records of the Virginia Company of
+London</i>, Vol. III, pp. 12-24.</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_6"></a>VIRGINIA COUNCIL. "INSTRUCTIONS,<br />
+ORDERS AND CONSTITUCIONS ... TO ...<br />
+SIR THOMAS WEST, KNIGHT, LORD LA<br />
+WARR."</h4>
+
+<p class="center">1609/10(?)</p>
+
+<p class="p2 blockquote">Instructions, orders and constitucions by way
+of advise sett downe, declared, propounded and delivered to the Right
+Honourable Sir Thomas West, Knight, Lord La Warr, Lord Governor and
+Capten Generall of Virginea and of the Colonies there planted and to be
+planted and of all other the inhabitants thereof, by us, His Majesties
+Counsell for the Companie of Adventurers and Planters in Virginea
+resident in England under the hands of some of us for the direccion of
+the affares of that countrey for his better disposinge and proceedinge
+in the government thereof, according to the authoritie and power given
+unto us by His Majesties lettres patents in that behalf, together with a
+copie of certaine of the cheifest instruccions which have bene formerlie
+given to Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, for his direccion, which coppie we
+have given to his Lordship to peruse and looke into but leave it to his
+discretion to use and put them in execution or to beare to be advised or
+directed by them further then in his owne discretion he shall thinke
+meete.</p>
+
+<p>We, the said Councell, havinge considered the great &amp; zealous
+affeccion which you, Sir Thomas West, Knight, Lord Lawarr, have many
+wayes manifested unto us and for the furtherance and advaunceinge of the
+plantacion of Virginea have therefore by our commission under the handes
+of some of us, constituted you to be Lord Governor and Captaine Generall
+of Virginea and for your more safe and deliberate proceedinge in your
+goverment there, have advised, constituted &amp; agreed uppon divers
+instructions followinge, vizt:</p>
+
+<p>1. First, we require your Lordship to take into your charge our
+fleete consistinge of three good shippes with the masters, mariners,
+sailors and one hundred and fiftie landmen goinge in them to be
+transported under your commaund with what speed conveniently you maye
+unto Virginea and with the first winde to sett saile for that place and
+in your passage thither not to lande or touche uppon anye of the Kinge
+of Spaine his dominions by him quietly possessed without the licence of
+the governour of such place first obtained, unles by necessitie of winde
+and weather you shalbe forced thereunto; in which passage you shall
+holde councell with the masters, pilates and men of best experience what
+way is safest and fitt for you to take for your arrivinge in
+Virginea.</p>
+
+<p>2. Your Lordships beinge landed there, we wishe you should (with what
+convenientcy you may by proclamacion made) call into some publique place
+all the governors, officers and other His Majesties subjects, aswell
+already seated there as transported with you, to whom you shall manifest
+your commission and cause it to be publiquely read to them, to the end
+His Majesties pleasure may be knowne as alsoe our choise in
+establishinge your Lordship Governor of Virginea and of the plantacion
+there; and that the President, Counsell and Colony there may take notice
+of our revocacion of all former kindes and formes of goverment,
+constituted or confirmed, and that they accordingely may yeild due
+obedience unto you, theire Lord Governor and Captaine Generall, at which
+time we holde it fitt you tender unto every of them the oath of
+supremacy to be by them taken whereby they shall manifest theire
+obedience and loyaltie to His Majestie and you thereby the better
+assured of theire fidelities as alsoe to be the rather encouraged to
+comitt matter of counsell and charge unto them; att which time alsoe
+your Lordship shall, in our opinions, doe well to give generall
+commaundement that all former private or publique quarels, greivancs or
+grudgs be from thenceforth from amongest them utterly abbandoned and
+forgotten and they willingly embrace peace and love as becommeth
+Christians without discention or hindrance to the common good or
+quiet.</p>
+
+<p>3. Moreover, your Lordship shall demaunde and resume into your hands
+all former commissions and all instructions and publique instruments
+given or sent unto them and all bookes and records whatsoever of all the
+proceedings untill this time and dispose of all theire offices and
+places in the future accordinge to your discretion; except the office of
+Leiuetennante Governor, which your Lordship is by your commission to
+bestowe upon Sir Thomas Gates, if he shalbe there to execute the same,
+and office of Marshall uppon Sir Thomas Dale, at this cominge thither,
+and the office of Admirall upon Sir George Sumers, if he shalbe there,
+and the office of Viceadmirall upon Capten Newport, he beinge there to
+supplye the said place.</p>
+
+<p>4. Your shippes beinge discharged of theire provision, we wishe that
+they, the seamen and soe manie others as shalbe needfull for that worke,
+be, with what convenient speed you may, employed to theire fishinge for
+sturgeons and other fish; which done we desier your Lordship should make
+up the residue of theire fraight with divers of the best severall
+patternes of the land, commodities that you can gett there havinge
+regarde more to the goodnes and qualitie of them then to the quantity;
+and to retorne the said shippes for England with as quick dispatch as
+you may for easinge of the Companie of Adventurers of the charge both of
+wages of the said shippes, seamen and victualls which they must be att
+untill they retorne.</p>
+
+<p>5. After your Lordship is settled in your governement, we thinke it
+very behofefull that you employ soe many of your people as shalbe
+needfull in sowing, setting and plantinge of corne and such rootes for
+foode as you for your better provision, sustentacion and maintennance
+shall thinke meete to be planted.</p>
+
+<p>6. As touchinge your landmen, we thinke fitt your Lordship should
+reduce them all into severall bandes and companies of fifties or more
+when you thinke good and to committ the charge of them to severall
+officers and captaines to be exercised and trained up in martiall manner
+and warlike discipline.</p>
+
+<p>7. Your Lordship is to take principall order and care for the true
+worship and service of God as by havinge the Gospell preched, frequent
+prayers and the sacraments often administred as becommeth Christians.
+And that such your ministers and preachers as shalbe with you be had in
+due respect agreable to theire dignitie and callinge and that your
+Lordship, with the counsell of your said prechers and ministers, doe, as
+occasion shall be offered, proceede in punishinge of all atheisme,
+prophanisme, popery and scisme by exemplary punishment to the honor of
+God and to the peace and safety of his church over which in this
+tendernes and infancy your Lordship must be especially solicitous and
+watchfull.</p>
+
+<p>8. It is very expedient that your Lordship with all diligence
+indeavor the conversion of the natives and savages to the knowledge and
+worship of the true God and theire redemer Christ Jesus as the most
+pious and noble end of this plantacion; which the better to effecte you
+are to procure from them some of theire children to be brought up in our
+language and manners and, if you finde it convenient, we thinke it
+necesserie you first remove from them the iniococks or priests by a
+surprise of them and detaninge them prisoners and in case they shalbe
+willfull and obstinate then to send over some three or foure of them
+into England, we may endevor theire conversion here.</p>
+
+<p>9. We holde it requisite that your Lordship in causes of civill
+justice, proceede rather as a counsellor then as a judge; that is to
+saie, rather uppon the right and equitie of the thinge in demaunde then
+uppon the nicenes and letter of the lawe, which perplexeth in this
+tender body rather then dispatcheth causes. Soe that a summary and
+arbitrary way of justice, mingled with discreet formes of magistracy as
+shall in your discretion seeme aptest for your Lordship to exercise in
+that place, wilbe of most use both for expedicion and example and for
+criminall causes, you are to deale therein according to your comission
+and good discretion.</p>
+
+<p>10. That your Lordship doe not permitt any shippe or vessell to trade
+or traffique within your precincte to carrie from thence any commodities
+or marchandizes without warrant brought you or sent to your Lordship
+from the Councell for the Company of Adventurers under the Councell
+seale.</p>
+
+<p>11. We doe require your Lordship that with what possible speed and
+conveniency you may, after you are setled, you appointe a convenient
+number with guides and some discreete commaunder to discover northwest,
+south and southwest, beyonde the faulls ten or twelve dayes journey, and
+that assone as may be your Lordship send unto us the narracion of that
+voyage what rivers, lakes or seas they finde or here of with the
+circumstanc there unto belonginge.</p>
+
+<p>12. If Sir Thomas Gates be there arived and Sir George Sommers and
+Capten Newport, or any of them, that your Lordship doe give unto Sir
+Thomas Gates the place or office of Leiuetennant Governor to your
+Lordship duringe the time of your Lordship and his abode there together,
+and in your Lordships absence he beinge there to be your deputy and
+cheif generall and commaunder of the whole Colonye and Companie, and to
+rule and governe according to suche instructions as your Lordship shall
+limitt and appointe him; and that Sir George Sommers may have the office
+of Cheif Admirall under your Lordship and that Sir Ferdinando Weyneman
+may have the office of Master of the ordinance, and that Capten Newport
+may have the office of Viceadmirall unto your Lordship.</p>
+
+<p>13. Your Lordship must take especiall care what relacions come into
+England and what lettres are written &amp; that all things of that
+nature may be boxed up and sealed and sent first to the Counsell here,
+accordinge to a former instruction unto the late Governor in that behalf
+directed; and that att the arrival and retorne of every shippinge you
+endeavor to knowe all the particuler passages and informacions given on
+both sides and to advertise us accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>14. Last of all, for temporall goverment &amp; perticuler proceedinge
+in your plantacion, in respect of the shortnes of time, we commende unto
+your Lordship the copie of some of the cheifest of the old instruccions
+before mencioned to have bene formerly delivered to Sir Thomas Gates, to
+be used or refused as you shall in your wisdome thinke fitt, neither is
+or meanes to tie your Lordship to the stricte perfourmance of theis newe
+instructions but as occasion of time, place or necessetie shall requir
+your Lordship may doe therein as shall seeme best in your owne
+discretion. Southampton, Pembroke, Philip Mountgomery, Edward Cecill,
+Walter Cope, Dudly Diggs, William Rumney, Thomas Smith, Robert Drewrye,
+Robert Maunsell, Baptist Hicks, Christofer Brooke.</p>
+
+<p>The copie of the old instruccions which were formerly with others
+delivered to Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, att his goinge to Virginea for
+his direccion in his goverment there, and noew are by us, His Majesties
+Councill for the Companie of Adventurers for Virginea, given to the
+Right Honourable, the Lord La Warr to looke into and advise on and at
+his discretion to use [or] forbeare to put them in execucion.</p>
+
+<p>Such of the old instructions which were formerly given to Sir Thomas
+Gates, Knight, and nowe delivered to the Lord La Warre, beginne att the
+ninth instruccion in the articles in thi booke which by waye of advise
+were sett down to the said Sir Thomas Gates and soe are written ontill
+you come to the thirtith instruccion which 30th, 31, 32 &amp; 33
+instructions are not given his Lordship but the 34th is given him, but
+not the 35 nor 36, but the effect of the provisoe followinge is
+given.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 24-29.</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_7"></a>THE THIRD CHARTER</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">March 12, 1612</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland,
+France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith;] to all to whom [these
+presents shall come,] greeting. Whereas at the humble suite of divers
+and sundry our lovinge subjects, aswell adventurers as planters of the
+First Colonie in Virginia, and for the propagacion of Christian religion
+and reclayminge of people barbarous to civilitie and humanitie, we have
+by our lettres patent bearing date at Westminster the three and
+twentieth daie of May in the seaventh yeare of our raigne of England,
+Frannce and Ireland, and the twoe and fortieth of Scotland, given and
+grannted unto them, that they and all suche and soe manie of our loving
+subjects as shold from time to time for ever after be joyned with them
+as planters or adventurers in the said plantacion, and their successors
+for ever, shold be one body politique incorporated by the name of The
+Treasorer and Planters of the Cittie of London for the First Colonie in
+Virginia;</p>
+
+<p>And whereas allsoe for the greater good and benefitt of the said
+Companie and for the better furnishing and establishing of the said
+plantacion we did further [give], grannte and confirme by our said
+lettres patent unto the said Treasorer and Companie and their successors
+for ever, all those landes, contries and territories scituate, lyeing
+and being in that part of America called Virginia, from the point of
+land called Cape [or] Pointe Comfort all along the seacoste to the
+northward twoe hundred miles, and from the said point of Cape Comfort
+all along the seacoste to the sowthward twoe hundred miles, and all the
+space and circuit of land lying from the sea coste of the precinct
+aforesaid up or into the land throughout from sea to sea, west and
+northwest, and allso all the islandes lying within one hundred miles
+along the coast of both the seas of the precinct aforsaid, with diverse
+other grannts, liberties, franchises, preheminences, privileges,
+proffitts, benefitts, and commodities, grannted in and by our said
+lettres patent to the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors,
+for ever:</p>
+
+<p>Now for asmuchas we are given to undestande that in these seas
+adjoyning to the said coast of Virginia and without the compasse of
+those twoe hundred miles by us soe grannted unto the said Treasurer and
+Companie as aforesaid, and yet not farr distant from the said Colony in
+Virginia, there are or may be divers islandes lying desolate and
+uninhabited, some of which are already made knowne and discovered by the
+industry, travell, and expences of the said Company, and others allsoe
+are supposed to be and remaine as yet unknowen and undiscovered, all and
+every of which itt maie importe the said Colony both in safety and
+pollecy of trade to populate and plant, in regard where of, aswell for
+the preventing of perill as for the better comodity and prosperity of
+the said Colony, they have bin humble suitors unto us that we wold be
+pleased to grannt unto them an inlardgement of our said former lettres
+patent, aswell for a more ample extent of their limitts and territories
+into the seas adjoyning to and uppon the coast of Virginia as allsoe for
+some other matters and articles concerning the better government of the
+said Company and Collony, in which point our said former lettres patents
+doe not extende soe farre as time and experience hath found to be
+needfull and convenient:</p>
+
+<p>We, therefore, tendring the good and happy successe of the said
+plantacion both in respect of the generall weale of humane society as in
+respect of the good of our owne estate and kingedomes, and being willing
+to give furtherannt untoall good meanes that may advannce the benefitt
+of the said Company and which maie secure the safety of our loving
+subjects, planted in our said Colony under the favour and protection of
+God Almighty and of our royall power and authority, have therefore of
+our especiall grace, certain knowledge and mere mocion, given, grannted
+and confirmed, and for us, our heires and successors we doe by theis
+presents, give, grannt and confirme unto the said Treasurer and Company
+of Adventurers and Planters of the said Citty of London for the First
+Colony in Virginia, and to their heires and successors for ever, all and
+singuler the said iselandes [whatsoever] scituat and being in anie part
+of the said ocean bordering upon the coast of our said First Colony in
+Virginia and being within three hundred leagues of anie the partes
+hertofore grannted to the said Treasorer and Company in our said former
+lettres patents as aforesaid, and being within or betweene the one and
+fortie and thirty degrees of Northerly latitude, together with all and
+singuler [soils] landes, groundes, havens, ports, rivers, waters,
+fishinges, mines and mineralls, aswell royal mines of gold and silver as
+other mines and mineralls, perles, precious stones, quarries, and all
+and singuler other commodities, jurisdiccions, royalties, priviledges,
+franchises and preheminences, both within the said tract of lande uppon
+the maine and allso within the said iselandes and seas adjoyning,
+whatsoever, and thereunto or there abouts both by sea and land being or
+scituat; and which, by our lettres patents, we maie or cann grannt and
+in as ample manner and sort as we or anie our noble progenitors have
+heretofore grannted to anie person or persons or to anie Companie, bodie
+politique or corporate or to any adventurer or adventurers, undertaker
+or undertakers of anie discoveries, plantacions or traffique, of, in, or
+into anie foreigne parts whatsoever, and in as lardge and ample manner
+as if the same were herein particularly named, mencioned and expressed:
+provided allwaies that the said iselandes or anie the premisses herein
+mencioned and by theis presents intended and meant to be grannted be not
+already actually possessed or inhabited by anie other Christian prince
+or estate, nor be within the bounds, limitts or territories of the
+Northerne Colonie, hertofore by us grannted to be planted by divers of
+our loving subjects in the northpartes of Virginia. To have and to hold,
+possesse and injoie all and singuler the said iselandes in the said
+ocean seas soe lying and bordering uppon the coast or coasts of the
+territories of the said First Colony in Virginia as aforesaid, with all
+and singuler the said soiles, landes and groundes and all and singular
+other the premisses heretofore by theis presents grannted, or mencioned
+to be grannted, to them, the said Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers
+and Planters of the Cittie of London for the First Colonie in Virginia,
+and to their heires, successors and assignes for ever, to the sole and
+proper use and behoofe of them, the said Treasurer and Companie and
+their heires, successores and assignes for ever; to be holden of us, our
+heires and successors as of our mannor of Eastgreenwich, in free and
+common soccage and not in capite, yealding and paying therefore, to us,
+our heires and successors, the fifte part of the oare of all gold and
+silver which shalbe there gotten, had or obteined for all manner of
+services, whatsoever.</p>
+
+<p>And further our will and pleasure is, and we doe by theis presents
+grannt and confirme for the good and welfare of the said plantacion, and
+that posterity maie hereafter knowe whoe have adventured and not bin
+sparing of their purses in such a noble and generous accion for the
+generall good of theire cuntrie, and at the request and with the consent
+of the Companie aforesaid, that our trusty and welbeloved subjects.<a
+name="fnanchor_19" id="fnanchor_19"></a><a href="#footnote_19"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[19]</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>George, Lord Archbishopp of Canterbury<br />
+Gilbert, Earle of Shrewsberry<br />
+Mary, Countesse of Shrewesbeiry<br />
+Elizabeth, Countesse of Derby<br />
+Margarett, Countesse of Comberland<br />
+Henry, Earle of Huntingdon<br />
+Edward, Earle of Beddford<br />
+Lucy, Countesse of Bedford<br />
+Marie, Countesse of Pembroke<br />
+Richard, Earle of Clanrickard<br />
+Lady Elizabeth Graie<br />
+William, Lord Viscount Cramborne<br />
+William, Lord Bishopp of Duresme<br />
+Henry, Lord Bishopp of Worceter<br />
+John, Lord Bishopp of Oxonford<br />
+William, Lord Pagett<br />
+Dudley, Lord North<br />
+Franncis, Lord Norries<br />
+William, Lord Knollis<br />
+John, Lord Harrington<br />
+Robert, Lord Spencer<br />
+Edward, Lord Denny<br />
+William, Lord Cavendishe<br />
+James, Lord Hay<br />
+Elianor, Lady Cave [Carre]<br />
+Maistres Elizabeth Scott, widdow<br />
+Edward Sackvill, Esquier<br />
+Sir Henry Nevill, of Aburgavenny, Knight<br />
+Sir Robert Riche, Knight<br />
+Sir John Harrington, Knight<br />
+Sir Raphe Wimwood, Knight<br />
+Sir John Graie, Knight<br />
+Sir Henry Riche, Knight<br />
+Sir Henry Wotton, Knight<br />
+Peregrine Berly, Esquier [Berty]<br />
+Sir Edward Phelipps, Knight, Maister of the Rolls<br />
+Sir Moile Finche, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Mansell, Knight<br />
+Sir John St. John, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Spencer, Knight<br />
+Sir Franncis Barrington, Knight<br />
+Sir George Carie of Devonshire, Knight<br />
+Sir William Twisden, Knight<br />
+Sir John Leveson, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Walsingham, Knight<br />
+Sir Edward Care, Knight<br />
+Sir Arthure Manwaringe, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Jermyn, Knight<br />
+Sir Valentine Knightley, Knight<br />
+Sir John Dodderidge, Knight<br />
+Sir John Hungerford, Knight<br />
+Sir John Stradling, Knight<br />
+Sir John Bourchidd, Knight [Bourchier]<br />
+Sir John Bennett, Knight<br />
+Sir Samuel Leonard, Knight<br />
+Sir Franncis Goodwin, Knight<br />
+Sir Wareham St. Legier, Knight<br />
+Sir James Scudamore, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Mildmaie, Knight<br />
+Sir Percivall Harte, Knight<br />
+Sir Percivall Willoughby, Knight<br />
+Sir Franncis Leigh, Knight<br />
+Sir Henry Goodere, Knight<br />
+Sir John Cutt, Knight<br />
+Sir James Parrett, Knight<br />
+Sir William Craven, Knight<br />
+Sir John Sammes, Knight<br />
+Sir Carey Raleigh, Knight<br />
+Sir William Maynard, Knight<br />
+Sir Edmund Bowyer, Knight<br />
+Sir William Cornewallis, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Beomont, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Cunningsby, Knight<br />
+Sir Henry Beddingfeild, Knight<br />
+Sir David Murray, Knight<br />
+Sir William Poole, Knight<br />
+Sir William Throgmorton, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Grantham, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Stewkley, Knight<br />
+Sir Edward Heron, Knight<br />
+Sir Ralph Shelten, Knight<br />
+Sir Lewes Thesam, Knight<br />
+Sir Walter Aston, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Denton, Knight<br />
+Sir Ewstace Hart, Knight<br />
+Sir John Ogle, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Dale, Knight<br />
+Sir William Boulstrod, Knight<br />
+Sir William Fleetwood, Knight<br />
+Sir John Acland, Knight<br />
+Sir John Hanham, Knight<br />
+Sir Roberte Meller, Knight [Millor]<br />
+Sir Thomas Wilford, Knight<br />
+Sir William Lower, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Lerdes, Knight [Leedes]<br />
+Sir Franncis Barneham, Knight<br />
+Sir Walter Chate, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Tracy, Knight<br />
+Sir Marmaduke Darrell, Knight<br />
+Sir William Harrys, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Gerrand, Knight<br />
+Sir Peter Freetchvile, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Trevor, Knight<br />
+Sir Amias Bamfeild<br />
+Sir William Smith of Essex, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Hewett, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Smith, Knight<br />
+Sir John Heyward, Knight<br />
+Sir Christopher Harris, Knight<br />
+Sir John Pettus, Knight<br />
+Sir William Strode, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Harfleet, Knight<br />
+Sir Walter Vaughan, Knight<br />
+Sir William Herrick, Knight<br />
+Sir Samuell Saltonstall, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Cooper, Knight<br />
+Sir Henry Fane, Knight<br />
+Sir Franncis Egiok, Knight<br />
+Sir Robert Edolph, Knight<br />
+Sir Arthure Harries, Knight<br />
+Sir George Huntley, Knight<br />
+Sir George Chute, Knight<br />
+Sir Robert Leigh, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Lovelace, Knight<br />
+Sir William Lovelace, Knight<br />
+Sir Robert Yaxley, Knight<br />
+Sir Franncis Wortley, Knight<br />
+Sir Franncis Heiborne, Knight<br />
+Sir Guy Palme, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Bingley, Knight<br />
+Sir Ambrose Turvill, Knight<br />
+Sir Nicholas Stoddard, Knight<br />
+Sir William Gree, Knight<br />
+Sir Walter Coverte, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Eversfeild, Knight<br />
+Sir Nicholas Parker, Knight<br />
+Sir Edward Culpeper, Knight<br />
+Sir William Ayliffe, Knight, and<br />
+Sir John Keile, Knight<br />
+Doctor George Mountaine, Dean of Westminster<br />
+Lawrence Bohan, Docktor in Phisick<br />
+Anthony Hinton, Doctor in Phisick<br />
+John Pawlett<br />
+Arthure Ingram<br />
+Anthony Irby<br />
+John Weld<br />
+John Walter<br />
+John Harris<br />
+Anthony Dyott<br />
+William Ravenscrofte<br />
+Thomas Warre<br />
+William Hackwill<br />
+Lawrence Hide<br />
+Nicholas Hide<br />
+Thomas Stevens<br />
+Franncis Tate<br />
+Thomas Coventry<br />
+John Hare<br />
+Robert Askwith<br />
+George Sanndys<br />
+Franncis Jones<br />
+Thomas Wentworth<br />
+Henry Cromewell<br />
+John Arundell<br />
+John Culpeper<br />
+John Hoskins<br />
+Walter Fitz Williams<br />
+Walter Kirkham<br />
+William Roscarrock<br />
+Richard Carmerdon<br />
+Edward Carne<br />
+Thomas Merry<br />
+Nicholas Lichfeild<br />
+John Middleton<br />
+John Smithe, and<br />
+Thomas Smith, the sonnes of Sir Thomas Smith<br />
+Peter Franke<br />
+George Gerrand<br />
+Gregory Sprynte<br />
+John Drake<br />
+Roger Puleston<br />
+Oliver Nicholas<br />
+Richard Nunnington [Monyngton]<br />
+John Vaughan<br />
+John Evelin<br />
+Lamorock Stradling<br />
+John Riddall<br />
+John Kettleby<br />
+Warren Townsend<br />
+Lionell Cranfeild<br />
+Edward Salter<br />
+William Litton<br />
+Humfrey May<br />
+George Thorpe<br />
+Henry Sandys, and<br />
+Edwin Sandys, the sonnes of Sir Edwin Sandys<br />
+Thomas Conway<br />
+Captaine Owen Gwinn<br />
+Captaine Giles Hawkridge<br />
+Edward Dyer<br />
+Richard Connock<br />
+Benjamin Brand<br />
+Richard Leigh, and<br />
+Thomas Pelham, Esquiers<br />
+Thomas Digges, and<br />
+John Digges, Esquiers, the sonnes of Sir Dudley Diggs, Knight<br />
+Franncis Bradley<br />
+Richard Buckminster [Buck]<br />
+Franncis Burley<br />
+John Procter<br />
+Alexannder Whitakers<br />
+Thomas Frake, thelder, and<br />
+Henry Freake, thelder, Ministers of God's word<br />
+The mayor and citizens of Chichester<br />
+The mayor and jurates of Dover<br />
+The bailiffs, burgesses and comonalty of Ipswich<br />
+The mayor and comunalty of Lyme Regis<br />
+The mayor and comonalty of Sandwich<br />
+The wardens, assistants and companie of the Trinity House<br />
+Thomas Martin<br />
+Franncis Smaleman<br />
+Augustine Steward<br />
+Richard Tomlins<br />
+Humfrey Jobson<br />
+John Legate<br />
+Robert Backley [Barkley]<br />
+John Crowe<br />
+Edward Backley [Barkley]<br />
+William Flett [Fleet]<br />
+Henry Wolstenholme<br />
+Edmund Alleyn<br />
+George Tucker<br />
+Franncis Glanville<br />
+Thomas Gouge<br />
+John Evelin<br />
+William Hall<br />
+John Smithe<br />
+George Samms<br />
+John Robinson<br />
+William Tucker<br />
+John Wolstenholme, and<br />
+Henry Wolstenholme, sonnes of John Wolstenholme, Esquier<br />
+William Hodges<br />
+Jonathan Mattall [Nuttall]<br />
+Phinees Pett<br />
+Captaine John Kinge<br />
+Captaine William Beck<br />
+Giles Alington<br />
+Franncis Heiton, and<br />
+Samuell Holliland, gentleman<br />
+Richard Chamberlaine<br />
+George Chamberlaine<br />
+Hewett Staper<br />
+Humfrey Handford<br />
+Raph Freeman<br />
+George Twinhoe [Swinhoe]<br />
+Richard Pigott<br />
+Elias Roberts<br />
+Roger Harris<br />
+Devereux Wogan<br />
+Edward Baber<br />
+William Greenewell<br />
+Thomas Stilles [Shilds]<br />
+Nicholas Hooker<br />
+Robert Garsett<br />
+Thomas Cordell<br />
+William Bright<br />
+John Reynold<br />
+Peter Bartley<br />
+John Willett<br />
+Humfry Smithe<br />
+Roger Dye<br />
+Nicholas Leate<br />
+Thomas Wale<br />
+Lewes Tate<br />
+Humfrey Merrett<br />
+Roberte Peake<br />
+Powell Isaackson<br />
+Sebastian Viccars<br />
+Jarvis Mundes<br />
+Richard Warner<br />
+Gresham Hogan Warner<br />
+Daniell Deruley<br />
+Andrew Troughton<br />
+William Barrett<br />
+Thomas Hodges<br />
+John Downes<br />
+Richard Harper<br />
+Thomas Foxall<br />
+William Haselden<br />
+James Harrison<br />
+William Burrell<br />
+John Hodsall<br />
+Richard Fishborne<br />
+John Miller<br />
+Edward Cooke<br />
+Richard Hall, marchaunt<br />
+Richard Hall, ankersmith<br />
+John Delbridge<br />
+Richard Francklin<br />
+Edmund Scott<br />
+John Britten<br />
+Robert Stratt<br />
+Edmund Pond<br />
+Edward James<br />
+Robert Bell<br />
+Richard Herne<br />
+William Ferrers<br />
+William Millett<br />
+Anthony Abdy<br />
+Roberte Gore<br />
+Benjamin Decrow<br />
+Henry Tunberley [Timberly]<br />
+Humfrey Basse<br />
+Abraham Speckart<br />
+Richard Moorer<br />
+William Compton<br />
+Richard Poulsoune [Pontsonne]<br />
+William Wolaston<br />
+John Desmont, clothier [Beomont]<br />
+Alexannder Childe<br />
+William Fald, fishmonger<br />
+Franncis Baldwin<br />
+John Jones, marchant<br />
+Thomas Plomer<br />
+Edward Plomer, marchants<br />
+John Stoickden<br />
+Robert Tindall<br />
+Peter Erundell<br />
+Ruben Bourne<br />
+Thomas Hampton, and<br />
+Franncis Carter, citizens of London,</p>
+
+<p>whoe since our said last lettres patent are become adventurers and
+have joined themselves with the former adventurers and planters of the
+said Companie and societie, shall from henceforth be reputed, deemed and
+taken to be and shalbe brethren and free members of the Companie and
+shall and maie, respectively, and according to the proportion and value
+of their severall adventures, have, hold and enjoie all suche interest,
+right, title, priviledges, preheminences, liberties, franchises,
+immunities, profitts and commodities whatsoever, in as lardge, ample and
+beneficiall manner to all intents, construccions and purposes as anie
+other adventures nominated and expressed in anie our former lettres
+patent, or anie of them have or maie have by force and vertue of theis
+presents, or anie our former lettres patent whatsoever.</p>
+
+<p>And we are further pleased and we doe by theis presents grannt and
+confirm that<a name="fnanchor_20" id="fnanchor_20"></a><a
+href="#footnote_20" class="fnanchor"><sup>[20]</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Phillipp, Earle of Montgomery<br />
+William, Lord Paget<br />
+Sir John Harrington, Knight<br />
+Sir William Cavendish, Knight<br />
+Sir John Sammes, Knight<br />
+Sir Samuell Sandys, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Freke, Knight<br />
+Sir William St. John, Knight<br />
+Sir Richard Grobham, Knight<br />
+Sir Thomas Dale, Knight<br />
+Sir Cavalliero Maycott, Knight<br />
+Richard Martin, Esquier<br />
+John Bingley, Esquier<br />
+Thomas Watson, Esquier, and<br />
+Arthure Ingram, Esquier,</p>
+
+<p>whome the said Treasurer and Companie have, since the said [last]
+lettres patent, nominated and sett downe as worthy and discreete persons
+fitt to serve us as Counsellors, to be of our Counsell for the said
+plantacion, shalbe reputed, deemed and taken as persons of our said
+Councell for the said First Colonie in such manner and sort to all
+intents and purposes as those whoe have bin formerly ellected and
+nominated as our Counsellors for that Colonie and whose names have bin
+or are incerted and expressed in our said former lettres patent.</p>
+
+<p>And we doe hereby ordaine and grannt by theis presents that the said
+Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers and Planters, aforesaid, shall and
+maie, once everie weeke or oftener at their pleasure, hold and keepe a
+court and assembly for the better ordening [ordering] and government of
+the said plantacion and such thinges as shall concerne the same; and
+that anie five persons of the said Counsell for the said First Collonie
+in Virginia, for the time being, of which Companie the Treasurer or his
+deputie allwaies to be one, and the nomber of fifteene others at the
+least of the generality of the said Companie assembled together in such
+court or assembly in such manner as is and hath bin heretofore used and
+accustomed, shalbe said, taken, held and reputed to be and shalbe a full
+and sufficient court of the said Companie for the handling, ordring and
+dispatching of all such casuall and particuler occurrences and
+accidentall matters of lesse consequence and waight, as shall from time
+to time happen, touching and concerning the said plantacion.</p>
+
+<p>And that, nevertheles, for the handling, ordring and disposing of
+matters and affaires of great waight and importance and such as shall or
+maie in anie sort concerne the weale publike and generall good of the
+said Companie and plantacion as namely, the manner of government from
+time to time to be used, the ordring and disposing of the said
+possessions and the setling and establishing of a trade there, or such
+like, there shalbe held and kept everie yeare uppon the last Wednesdaie
+save one of Hillary, Easter, Trinity and Michaelmas termes, for ever,
+one great, generall and solemne assembly, which fower severall
+assemblies shalbe stiled and called The Fower Great and Generall Courts
+of the Counsell and Companie of Adventurers for Virginia; in all and
+every of which said great and generall Courts soe assembled our will and
+pleasure is and we doe, for us, our heires and successors forever, give
+and grannt to the said Treasurer and Companie and their successors for
+ever by theis presents, that they, the said Treasurer and Companie or
+the greater nomber of them soe assembled, shall and maie have full power
+and authoritie from time to time and att all times hereafter to ellect
+and choose discreet persons to be of our [said] Counsell for the said
+First Colonie in Virginia and to nominate and appoint such officers as
+theie shall thinke fitt and requisit for the government, managing,
+ordring and dispatching of the affaires of the said Companie; and shall
+likewise have full power and authority to ordaine and make such lawes
+and ordinances for the good and wellfare of the said plantacion as to
+them from time to time shalbe thought requisite and meete: soe allwaies
+as the same be not contrary to the lawes and statutes of this our realme
+of England; and shall in like manner have power and authority to
+expulse, disfranchise and putt out of and from their said Companie and
+societie for ever all and everie such person and persons as having
+either promised or subscribed their names to become adventurers to the
+said plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia, or having bin
+nominated for adventurers in theis or anie our lettres patent or having
+bin otherwise admitted and nominated to be of the said Companie, have
+nevertheles either not putt in anie adventure [at] all for and towards
+the said plantacion or els have refused and neglected, or shall refuse
+and neglect, to bringe in his or their adventure by word or writing
+promised within sixe monthes after the same shalbe soe payable and
+due.</p>
+
+<p>And wheras the failing and nonpaiment of such monies as have bin
+promised in adventure for the advanncement of the said plantacion hath
+bin often by experience found to be danngerous and prejudiciall to the
+same and much to have hindred the progresse and proceeding of the said
+plantacion; and for that itt seemeth to us a thing reasonable that such
+persons as by their handwriting have engaged themselves for the payment
+of their adventures, and afterwards neglecting their faith and promise,
+shold be compellable to make good and kepe the same; therefore our will
+and pleasure is that in anie suite or suites comenced or to be comenced
+in anie of our courts att Westminster, or elswhere, by the said
+Treasurer and Companie or otherwise against anie such persons, that our
+judges for the time being both in our Court of Channcerie and at the
+common lawe doe favour and further the said suits soe farre forth as law
+and equitie will in anie wise suffer and permitt.</p>
+
+<p>And we doe, for us, our heires and successors, further give and
+grannt to the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors for ever,
+that theie, the said Tresorer and Companie or the greater part of them
+for the time being, so in a full and generall court assembled as
+aforesaid shall and maie, from time to time and att all times hereafter,
+for ever, ellect, choose and permitt into their Company and society anie
+person or persons, as well straungers and aliens borne in anie part
+beyond the seas wheresoever, being in amity with us, as our naturall
+liedge subjects borne in anie our realmes and dominions; and that all
+such persons soe elected, chosen and admitted to be of the said Companie
+as aforesaid shall thereuppon be taken, reputed and held and shalbe free
+members of the said Companie and shall have, hold and enjoie all and
+singuler freedoms, liberties, franchises, priviledges, immunities,
+benefitts, profitts and commodities, whatsoever, to the said Companie in
+anie sort belonging or apperteining as fully, freely [and] amplie as
+anie other adventurer or adventurers now being, or which hereafter att
+anie time shalbe, of the said Companie, hath, have, shall, maie, might
+or ought to have or enjoy the same to all intents and purposes
+whatsoever.</p>
+
+<p>And we doe further of our speciall grace, certaine knowledge and mere
+mocion, for us, our heires and successors, give and grantt to the said
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors, for ever by theis present,
+that itt shalbe lawfull and free for them and their assignes att all and
+everie time and times hereafter, out of anie our realmes and dominions
+whatsoever, to take, lead, carry and transport in and into the said
+voyage and for and towards the said plantacion of our said First
+Collonie in Virginia, all such and soe manie of our loving subjects or
+anie other straungers that will become our loving subjects and live
+under our allegiance as shall willingly accompanie them in the said
+voyage and plantacion; with shipping, armour, weapons, ordinannce,
+munition, powder, shott, victualls, and all manner of merchandizes and
+wares, and all manner of clothing, implement, furniture, beasts,
+cattell, horses, mares, and all other thinges necessarie for the said
+plantacion and for their use and defence, and for trade with the people
+there and in passing and retourning to and froe, without paying or
+yealding anie subsedie, custome or imposicion, either inward or outward,
+or anie other dutie to us, our heires or successors, for the same, for
+the space of seven yeares from the date of theis present.</p>
+
+<p>And we doe further, for us, our heires and successors, give and
+grannt to the said Treasurer and Companie and their successors for ever,
+by theis present, that the said Treasurer of the said Companie, or his
+deputie for the time being or anie twoe others of our said Counsell for
+the said First Colonie in Virginia for the time being, shall and maie
+attall times hereafter and from time to time, have full power and
+authoritie to minister and give the oath and oathes of supremacie and
+allegiannce, or either of them, to all and every person and persons
+which shall, at anie time and times hereafter, goe or passe to the said
+Colonie in Virginia:</p>
+
+<p>And further, that itt shalbe likewise lawfull for the said Tresorer,
+or his deputy for the time, or anie twoe others of our said Counsell for
+the said First Colonie in Virginia, for the time being, from time to
+time and att all times hereafter, to minister such a formall oathe as by
+their discrescion shalbe reasonably devised, aswell unto anie person or
+persons imployed or to be imployed in, for, or touching the said
+plantacion for their honest, faithfull and just dischardge of their
+service in all such matters as shalbe committed unto them for the good
+and benefitt of the said Company, Colonie and plantacion; as alsoe unto
+such other person or persons as the said Treasurer or his deputie, with
+twoe others of the said Counsell, shall thinke meete for the examinacion
+or clearing of the truith in anie cause whatsoever concerninge the said
+plantacion or anie business from thence proceeding or there unto
+proceeding or thereunto belonging.</p>
+
+<p>And, furthermore, whereas we have ben certefied that diverse lewde
+and ill disposed persons, both sailors, souldiers, artificers,
+husbandmen, laborers, and others, having received wages, apparrell or
+other entertainment from the said Company or having contracted and
+agreed with the said Companie to goe, to serve, or to be imployed in the
+said plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia, have afterwards
+either withdrawen, hid or concealed themselves, or have refused to goe
+thither after they have bin soe entertained and agreed withall; and that
+divers and sundry persons allso which have bin sent and imployed in the
+said plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia at and upon the
+chardge of the said Companie, and having there misbehaved themselves by
+mutinies, sedition, and other notorious misdemeanors, or having bin
+employed or sent abroad by the governor of Virginia or his deputie with
+some ship or pinnace for provisions for the said Colonie, or for some
+discoverie or other buisines and affaires concerning the same, have from
+thence most trecherouslie either come back againe and retorned into our
+realme of England by stelth or without licence of our Governor of our
+said Colonie in Virginia for the time being, or have bin sent hither as
+misdoers and offenders; and that manie allsoe of those persons after
+their retourne from thence, having bin questioned by our said Counsell
+here for such their misbehaviors and offences, by their insolent and
+contemptuous carriage in the presence of our said Counsaile, have shewed
+little respect and reverence, either to the place or authoritie in which
+we have placed and appointed them; and others, for the colouring of
+their lewdnes and misdemeanors committed in Virginia, have endeavored
+them by most vile and slanndrous reports made and divulged, aswell of
+the cuntrie of Virginia as alsoe of the government and estate of the
+said plantacion and Colonie, as much as in them laie, to bring the said
+voyage and plantacion into disgrace and contempt; by meanes where of not
+only the adventures and planters alreadie ingaged in the said plantacion
+have bin exceedingly abused and hindred, and a greate nomber of other
+our loving and welldisposed subjects otherwise well affected and
+inclyning to joine and adventure insoe noble, Christian and worthie an
+action have bin discouraged from the same, but allsoe the utter
+overthrow and ruine of the said enterprise hath bin greatlie indanngered
+which cannott miscarrie without some dishonor to us and our
+kingdome;</p>
+
+<p>Now, for asmuch as it appeareth unto us that theis insolences,
+misdemeanors and abuses, not to be tollerated in anie civill government,
+have for the most part growne and proceeded inregard of our Counsaile
+have not anie direct power and authoritie by anie expresse wordes in our
+former lettres patent to correct and chastise such offenders, we
+therefore, for the more speedy reformacion of soe greate and enormous
+abuses and misdemeanors heretofore practised and committed, and for the
+preventing of the like hereafter, doe by theis present for us, our
+heires and successors, give and grannt to the said Treasurer and
+Companie, and their successors for ever, that itt shall and maie be
+lawfull for our said Councell for the said First Colonie in Virginia or
+anie twoe of them, whereof the said Tresorer or his deputie for the time
+being to be allwaies one, by warrant under their handes to send for, or
+cause to be apprehended, all and every such person and persons who
+shalbe noted or accused or found, att anie time or times here after, to
+offend or misbehave themselves in anie the offences before mencioned and
+expressed; and uppon the examinacion of anie such offender or offendors
+and just proofe made by oath taken before the Counsaile of anie such
+notorious misdemeanors by them committed as aforesaid; and allsoe uppon
+anie insolent, contemptuous or unreverent carriage and misbehavior to or
+against our said Counsell shewed or used by anie such person or persons
+soe called, convented and apearing before them as aforesaid; that in all
+such cases theie, our said Counsell or anie twoe of them for the time
+being, shall and maie have full power and authoritie either here to
+binde them over with good suerties for their good behaviour and further
+therein to proceed to all intents and purposes, as itt is used in other
+like cases within our realme of England; or ells att their discrescion
+to remannd and send back the said offenders or anie of them unto the
+said Colonie in Virginia, there to be proceeded against and punished as
+the Governor, deputie and Counsell there for the time being shall thinke
+meete; or otherwise, according to such lawes and ordinannces as are or
+shalbe in use there for the well ordring and good governement of the
+said Colonie.</p>
+
+<p>And, for the more effectuall advanncing of the said plantacion, we
+doe further, for us, our heires and successors, of our especiall grace
+and favour, by vertue of our prorogative royall and by the assent and
+consent of the Lordes and others of our Privie Counsalle, give and
+grannte unto the said Tresorer and Companie full power and authoritie,
+free leave, libertie and licence to sett forth, errect and publishe one
+or more lotterie or lotteries to have continuance and to [endure] and be
+held for the space of one whole yeare next after the opening of the
+same, and after the end and expiracion of the said terme the said
+lotterie or lotteries to continue and be further kept, during our will
+and pleasure onely and not otherwise. And yet, nevertheles, we are
+contented and pleased, for the good and wellfare of the said plantacion,
+that the said Tresorer and Companie shall, for the dispatch and
+finishing of the said lotterie or lotteries, have six months warninge
+after the said yeare ended before our will and pleasure shall, for and
+on that behalfe, be construed, deemed and adjudged to be in anie wise
+altered and determined.</p>
+
+<p>And our further will and pleasure is that the said lottery or
+lottaries shall and maie be opened and held within our cittie of London
+or in anie other cittie or citties, or ellswheare within this our realme
+of England, with such prises, articles, condicions and limitacions as to
+them, the said Tresorer and Companie, in their discreascions shall seeme
+convenient.</p>
+
+<p>And that itt shall and may be lawfull to and for the said Tresorer
+and Companie to ellect and choose receivors, auditors, surveyors,
+comissioners, or anie other officers whatsoever, att their will and
+pleasure for the better marshalling and guiding and governing of the
+said lottarie or lottaryes; and that itt shalbe likewise lawfull to and
+for the said Tresorer and anie twoe of the said Counsell to minister
+unto all and everie such persons soe ellected and chosen for officers as
+aforesaid one or more oathes for their good behaviour, just and true
+dealing in and about the lottarie or lottaries to the intent and purpose
+that none of our loving subjects, putting in their monies or otherwise
+adventuring in the said generall lotterie or lottaries, maie be in anie
+wise defrauded and deceived of their said monies or evill and
+indirectlie dealt withall in their said adventures.
+
+And we further grannt in manner and forme aforesaid, that itt shall and
+maie be lawfull to and for the said Treasurer and Companie, under the
+scale of our Counsell for the plantacion, to publishe or to cause and
+procure to be published by proclamacion or otherwise, the said
+proclamacion to be made in their name by vertue of theise present, the
+said lottarie or lotteries in all citties, townes, boroughts,
+throughfaires and other places within our said realme of England; and we
+will and commande all mayors, justices of peace, sheriffs, bayliffs,
+constables and other our officers and loving subjects whatsoever, that
+in noe wise theie hinder or delaie the progresse and proceeding of the
+said lottarie or lottaries but be therein and, touching the premisses,
+aiding and assisting by all honest, good and lawfull meanes and
+endevours.</p>
+
+<p>And further our will and pleasure is that in all questions and dobts
+that shall arise uppon anie difficultie of construccion or
+interpretacion of anie thing conteined in theis or anie other our former
+lettres patent the same shalbe taken and interpreted in most ample and
+beneficiall manner for the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors and everie member there of.</p>
+
+<p>And lastly we doe by theis present retifie and confirme unto the said
+Treasorer and Companie, and their successors for ever, all and all
+manner of priviledges, franchises, liberties, immunities, preheminences,
+profitts and commodities whatsoever grannted unto them in anie our
+[former] lettres patent and not in theis present revoked, altered,
+channged or abridged. Although expresse mencion [of the true yearly
+value or certainty of the premises, or any of them, or of any other gift
+or grant, by us or any of our progenitors or predecessors, to the
+aforesaid Tresurer and Company heretofore made, in these Presents is not
+made; or any statute, act, ordinance, provisions, proclamation, or
+restraint, to the contrary thereof heretofore made, ordained, or
+provided, or any other matter, cause, or thing, whatsoever, to the
+contrary, in any wise, notwithstanding.]</p>
+
+<p>In witnes whereof [we have caused these our letters to be made
+patents.] Wittnes our selfe att Westminster, the twelveth daie of March
+[1612] [in the ninth year of our reign of England, France, and Ireland,
+and of Scotland the five and fortieth.]</p>
+
+<p class="quotesig">Per breve de privato sigillo, etc.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1709;
+Stith, Appendix, pp. 23-32; Hening, Vol. I, pp. 98-110.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_19" id="footnote_19"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_19">[19]</a> Stith gives the following names only:
+"George, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Henry, Earl of Huntington,
+Edward, Earl of Bedford, Richard, Earl of Clanrickard, &amp;c." The
+following names in brackets are taken from the text in Brown's
+<i>Genesis</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_20" id="footnote_20"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_20">[20]</a> Stith gives the following names only:
+"Philip, Earl of Mongomery, William, Lord Paget, Sir John Starrington,
+Knt. &amp;c."</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_8"></a>VIRGINIA COMPANY. INSTRUCTIONS TO<br />
+GEORGE YEARDLEY</h4>
+
+<p class="center">(Sometimes called "The Great Charter")<a
+name="fnanchor_21" id="fnanchor_21"></a><a href="#footnote_21"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[21]</sup></a></p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">November 18, 1618</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">The Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers and Planters of
+the City of London for the First Colony in Virginia to Captain George
+Yeardley, Elect Governor of Virginia, and to the Council of State there
+being or to be, greeting:</p>
+
+<p>Our former cares and endeavours have been chiefly bent to the
+procuring and sending people to plant in Virginia so to prepare a way
+and to lay a foundation whereon a flourishing state might, in process of
+time by the blessing of Almighty God, be raised. Now our trust being
+that under the goverment of you, Captain Yeardly, with the advice and
+assistance of the said Council of State, such public provisions of corn
+and cattle will again be raised as may draw on those multitudes who, in
+great abundance from diverse parts of the realm, were preparing to
+remove thither, if by the late decay of the said public store their
+hopes had not been made frustrate and their minds thereby clene
+discouraged. We have thought good to bend our present cares and
+consultations, according to the authority granted unto us from His
+Majesty under his Great Seal, to the setling there of a laudable form of
+government by majestracy and just laws for the happy guiding and
+governing of the people there inhabiting, like as we have already done
+for the well ordering of our courts here and of our officers and accions
+for the behoof of that plantation. And because our intent is to ease all
+the inhabitants of Virginia forever of all taxes and public burthens, as
+much as may be, and to take away all occasion of oppression and
+corruption, we have thought fit to begin (according to the laudable
+example of the most famous common wealthes both past and present) to
+alot and lay out a convenient portion of public lands for the
+maintenance and support as well of magistracy and officers as of other
+public charges both here and there from time to time arising. We,
+therefore, the said Treasurer and Company, upon a solemn treaty and
+resolution and with the advice, consent and assent of His Majesties
+Council here of Virginia, being assembled in a great and general Court
+of the Council and Company of Adventurers for Virginia, require you, the
+said Governor and Council of Estate, to put in execution with all
+convenient speed a former order of our courts (which had been commended
+also to Captain Argal at his making Deputy Governor) for the laying and
+seting out by bounds and metes of three thousand acres of land in the
+best and most convenient place of the territory of James town in
+Virginia and next adjoining to the said town to be the seat and land of
+the Governor of Virginia for the time being, and his successors, and to
+be called by the name of the Governors Land, which Governors Land shall
+be of the freed grounds by the common labor of the people sent thither
+at the Companies charges, and of the lands formerly conquered or
+purchased of the Paspeheies and of other grounds next adjoining. In like
+sort we require you to set and lay out by bounds and metes other three
+thousand acres of good land within the territory of James town which
+shall be convenient, and in such place or places as in your discretions
+you shall find meet; which latter three thousand acres shall be and so
+called the Companies Land. And we require you, Captain Yeardley, that
+immediately upon your arrival you take unto you the guard assigned to
+Captain Argal at his going Deputy Governor, or sithence by him assumed,
+to be of your guard [for the better defence]<a name="fnanchor_22"
+id="fnanchor_22"></a><a href="#footnote_22"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[22]</sup></a> of your Government; and that as
+well the said guard as also fifty other persons, now sent and
+transported with you, you place as tennants on the said Governors Land
+and that all other persons heretofore transported at the common charge
+of the Company since the coming away of Sir Thomas Dale, Knight, late
+Deputy Governor, be placed as tennants on the said Companies Lands. And
+we will and ordain that all the said tennants on the Governors and
+Companies Lands shall occupy the same to the half part of the profits of
+the said lands, so as the one half to be and belong to the said tennants
+themselves and the other half respectively to the said Governor and to
+us, the said Treasurer and Company and our successors. And we further
+will and ordain that of the half profits arising out of the said
+Companies Lands and belonging to us, the said Treasurer and Company, the
+one moiety be imploied for the entertainment of the said Councel of
+Estate there residing and of other public officers of the general Colony
+and plantation (besides the Governor), according to the proportion as
+hereafter we shall express and in the mean time as you in your
+discretions shall think meet. And the other moiety be carefully
+gathered, kept and shipped for England for the public use of us, the
+said Treasurer and Company and our successors. And we will and ordain
+that, out of the half profits of the said Companies Lands to us
+belonging, one fifth part be deducted and alotted for the wages of the
+bailiffs and other officers which shall have the oversight and goverment
+of the said tenants and lands, and the dividing, gathering, keeping or
+shiping of the particular moiety of the profits belonging either to the
+said Council and officer there or to us, the said Treasurer and Company
+and our successors, as aforesaid. Provided alwaies, that out of the said
+Companies Land a sufficient part be exempted and reserved for the
+securing and wintering of all sorts of cattle which are or shall be the
+public stock and store of the said Company. And forasmuch as our intent
+is to establish one equal [blank of several lines]<a name="fnanchor_23"
+id="fnanchor_23"></a><a href="#footnote_23"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[23]</sup></a> plantations, whereof we shall speak
+afterwards, be reduced into four cities or burroughs, namely: the cheif
+city called James town, Charles City, Henrico, and the Burrough of
+Kiccowtan. And that in all these foresaid cities or burroughs and
+ancient adventurers and planters which [were] transported thither, with
+intent to inhabit at their own costs and charges, before the coming away
+of Sir Thomas Dale, Knight, and have so continued during the space of
+three years, shall have upon a first division, to be afterward by us
+augmented, one hundred acres of land for their personal adventure and as
+much for every single share of twelve pound ten shillings paid [for such
+share], allotted and set out to be held by them, their heirs and
+assigns, forever. And that for all such planters as were brought thither
+at the Companies charge to inhabit there, before the coming away of the
+said Sir Thomas Dale, after the time of their service to the Company on
+the common Land agreed shall be expired, there be set out one hundred
+acres of land for each of their personal adventurers to be held by them,
+their heirs and assigns, for ever; paying for every fifty acres the
+yearly free rent of one shilling to the said Treasurer and Company and
+their successors, at one entire payment on the feast day of St Michael
+the Archangel, for ever. And in regard that by the singular industry and
+virtue of the said Sir Thomas Dale the former difficulties and dangers
+were in greatest part overcome to the great ease and security of such as
+have been since that time transported thither, we do, therefore, hereby
+ordain that all such persons as sithence the coming away of the said Sir
+Thomas Dale have at their own charges been transported thither to
+inhabit, and so continued as aforesaid, there be allotted and set out
+upon a first division fifty acres of land to them and their heirs, for
+ever, for their personal adventure, paying a free rent of one shilling
+yearly in manner aforesaid.</p>
+
+<p>And that all persons which since the going away of the said Sir
+Thomas Dale have been transported thither at the Companies charges, or
+which hereafter shall be so transported, be placed as tenants on the
+Companies lands for term of seven years, occupy the same to the half
+part of the profits as is abovesaid. We therefore will and ordain that
+other three thousand acres of land be set out in the fields and
+territory of Charles City; and other three thousand acres of land in the
+fields and territories of Henrico; and other three thousand acres of
+land in the fields and territory of Kiccowtan, all which to be and be
+called the Companies Lands and to be occupied by the Companies tenants
+for half profits as afore said. And that the profits belonging to the
+Company be disposed by their several moieties in the same manner as
+before set down touching the Companies lands in the territory of James
+Town with like allowance to the bailies and reservation of ground for
+the common store of cattle in those several places, as is there set
+down. And our will is that such of the Companies tenants as already
+inhabite in those several cities or burroughs be not removed to any
+other city or burrough but placed on the Companies Lands belonging to
+those cities or burroughs where they now inhabite; provided alwaies,
+that if any private person, without fraud or injurious intent to the
+public at his own charges, have freed any of the said lands formerly
+appointed to the Governor, he may continue and inhabite there till a
+valuable recompence be made him for his said charges. And we do hereby
+ordain that the Governors house in James town, first built by Sir Thomas
+Gates, Knight, at the charges and by the servants of the Company, and
+since enlarged by others by the very same means, be and continue for
+ever the Governors house, any pretended undue grant made by
+misinformation and not in a general and quarter court to the contrary in
+anywise notwithstanding. And to the intent that godly, learned and
+painful ministers may be placed there for the service of Almighty God
+&amp; for the spiritual benefit and comfort of the people, we further
+will and ordain that in every of those cities or burroughs the several
+quantity of one hundred acres of land be set out in quality of glebe
+land toward the maintenance of the several ministers of the parishes to
+be there limited; and for a further supply of their maintenance there be
+raised a yearly standing and certain contribution out of the profits
+growing or renuing within the several farmes of the said parish; and so
+as to make the living of every minister, two hundred pounds sterling per
+annum or more as hereafter there shall be cause. And for a further ease
+to the inhabitants of all taxes and contributions for the support and
+entertainment of the particular magistrates and officers and of other
+charges to the said citys and burroughs, respectively belonging, we
+likewise will and ordain that within the precincts or territories of the
+said cities and burroughs shall be set out and alotted the several
+quantities of fifteen hundred acres of land to be the common land of the
+said citie or burrough, for the uses aforesaid, and to be known and
+called by the name of the Cities or Burroughs Land. And whereas, by a
+special grant and licence from His Majesty, a general contribution over
+this realm hath been made for the building and planting of a college for
+the training up of the children of those infidels in true religion,
+moral virtue and civility, and for other godly uses, we do, therefore,
+according to a former grant and order, hereby ratifie, confirm and
+ordain that a convenient place be chosen and set out for the planting of
+a university at the said Henrico in time to come and that in the mean
+time preparation be there made for the building of the said college for
+the children of the infidels, according to such instructions as we shall
+deliver; and we will and ordain that ten thousand acres, partly of the
+lands they impaled and partly of other land within the territory of the
+said Henrico, be alotted and set out for the endowing of the said
+university and college with convenient possessions. Whereas also we have
+heretofore, by order of court in consideration of the long, good and
+faithful service done by you, Captain George Yeardley, in our said
+Colony and plantation of Virginia, and in reward there of as also in
+regard of two single shares in money paid into our treasury, granted
+unto you, the said Captain Yeardley, all that parcel of marsh ground
+called Weynock and also one other peice and percel of land adjoining to
+the same marsh called by the Natives <i>Konwan</i>, one parcel whereof
+abutteth upon a creek there called Mapscock towards the east, and the
+other parcel thereof towards a creek there called Queens Creek on the
+west and extendeth in breadth to landward from the head of the said
+creek called Mapscock up to the head of the said creek called Queens
+Creek (which creek called Queens Creek is opposite to that point there
+which is now called the Tobacco point and abutteth south upon the River
+and north to the Landward), all which several lands are or shall be
+henceforward accounted to be lying within the territory of the said
+Charles City and exceed not the quantity of two thousand and two hundred
+acres, we therefore, the said Treasurer and Company, do hereby again
+grant, ratifie and confirm unto you, the said Captain George Yeardley,
+the said several grounds and lands; to have and to hold the said grounds
+and lands to you, the said Captain George Yeardley, your heirs and
+assigns, for ever. And for the better encouragement of all sorts of
+necessary and laudable trades to be set up and exercised within the said
+four cities burroughs, we do hereby ordain that if any artizans or
+trademen shall be desirous rather to follow his particular art or trade
+then to be imploied in husbandry or other rural business, it shall be
+lawful for you, the said Governor and Councel, to alot and set out
+within any of the precincts aforesaid one dwelling house with four acres
+of land adjoining and held in fee simple to every said tradsman, his
+heirs and assigns for ever, upon condition that the said tradesman, his
+heirs and assigns do continue and exercise his trade in the said house
+paying only a free rent of four pence by the year to us, the said
+Treasurer and Company and our successors, at the feast of St Michael the
+Archangel, for ever. And touching all other particular plantations set
+out or like to be set out in convenient multitudes, either by divers of
+the ancient adventurers associating themselves together (as the Society
+of Smiths Hundred and Martins Hundred) or by some ancient adventurer or
+planter associating others unto him (as the plantation of Captain Samuel
+Argall and Captain John Martin and that by the late Lord La Warre
+advanced) or by some new adventurers joining themselves under one head
+(as the plantation of Christopher Lawne, Gentleman, and others now in
+providing), our intent being according to the rules of justice and good
+government to alot unto every one his due yet so as neither to breed
+disturbance to the right of others nor to interrupt the good form of
+government intended for the benefit of the people and strength of the
+Colony; we do therefore will and ordain that of the said particular
+plantations none be placed within five miles of the said former cities
+and boroughs, and that if any man, out of his own presumption or
+pleasure without special direction from us, hath heretofore done
+otherwise a convenient time be assigned him and then by your discretions
+to remove to some farther place by themselves, to be chosen with the
+allowance and assent of the Governor for the time being and the Council
+of Estate; and that the inhabitants of the said city or burrough too
+near unto which he or they were placed make him and them a valuable
+recompense for their charges and expence of time in freeing of grounds
+and building within those precincts; in like sort, we ordain that no
+latter particular plantation shall at any time hereafter be seated
+within ten miles of a former; we also will and ordain that no particular
+plantation be or shall be placed straglingly in divers places to the
+weakening of them, but be united together in one seat and territory that
+so also they may be incorporated by us into one body corporate and live
+under equal and like law and orders with the rest of the Colony; we will
+and ordain also for the preventing of all fraud in abusing of our
+grants, contrary to the intent and just meaning of them, that all such
+person or persons as have procured or hereafter shall procure grants
+from us in general words unto themselves and their associates or to like
+effect shall within one year after the date hereof deliver up to us in
+writing, under their hands and seals, as also unto you, the said
+Governor and Councel, what be or were the names of those their first
+associates; and if they be of the adventurers of us, the Company which
+have paid into our treasury money for their shares, that then they
+express in that their writing for how many shares they join in the said
+particular plantation, to the end a due proportion of land may be set
+out unto them and we the said Treasurer and Company be not defrauded of
+our due; and if they be not of the adventurers of the Company which have
+paid into our treasury money for their shares, yet are gone to inhabit
+there and so continue for three years, there be allotted and set out
+fifty acres of land for every such person paying a free rent of twelve
+pence the year, in manner aforesaid, and all such persons having been
+planted there since the coming away of Sir Thomas Dale; and forasmuch as
+we understand that certain persons, having procured such grants in
+general words to themselves and their associates or to like effect, have
+corruptly of late endeavoured for gain and worse respects to draw many
+of the ancient planters of the said four cities or burroughs to take
+grants also of them and thereby to become associated unto them with
+intent also by such means to overstrengthen their party; and thereupon
+have adventured on divers enormous courses tending to the great hurt and
+hindrance of the Colony; yea, and have also made grants of like
+association to masters of ships and mariners never intending there to
+inhabit, thereby to defraud His Majesty of the customs due unto him; we,
+to remedy and prevent such unlawful and greedy courses tending also
+directly to faction and sedition, do hereby ordain that it shall not be
+lawful for the grantees of such grants to associate to any other unto
+them then such as were their associates from the first time of the said
+grants, without express licence of us, the said Treasurer and Company,
+in a great general and quarter court under our seal obtained; and that
+all such after or under grants of association made or to be made by the
+said grantees shall be to all intents and purposes utterly void. And for
+as much as we understand that divers particular persons (not members of
+our Company), with their companies, have provided or are in providing to
+remove into Virginia with intent (as appeareth) by way of association to
+shroud themselves under the general grants last aforesaid, which may
+tend to the great disorder of our Colony and hinderance of the good
+government which we desire to establish, we do therefore hereby ordain
+that all such persons as of their own voluntary will and authority shall
+remove into Virginia, without any grant from us in a great general and
+quarter court in writing under our seal, shall be deemed (as they are)
+to be occupiers of our land, that is to say, of the common lands of us,
+the said Treasurer and Company; and shall yearly pay unto us for the
+said occupying of our land one full fourth part of the profits thereof
+till such time as the same shall be granted unto them by us in manner
+aforesaid, and touching all such as being members of our Company and
+adventurers by their monies paid into our treasury, shall either in
+their own person or by their agents, tennants or servants set up in
+Virginia any such particular plantation, tho with the privity of us, the
+said Treasurer and Company, yet without any grant in writing made in our
+said general quarter courts as is requisite, we will and ordain that the
+said adventurers or planters shall, within two year after the arrival of
+them or their company in Virginia, procure our grant in writing to be
+made, in our general quarter court and under our seal, of the lands by
+them possessed or occupied, or from thenceforth shall be deemed only
+occupiers of the common land, as is aforesaid, till such times as our
+said grant shall be obtained. We also not more intending the reformation
+of the errors of the said &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a
+name="fnanchor_24" id="fnanchor_24"></a><a href="#footnote_24"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[24]</sup></a> than for advancing of them into
+good courses and therein to assist them by all good means, we further
+hereby ordain that to all such of the said particular
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="fnanchor_24a"
+id="fnanchor_24a"></a><a href="#footnote_24a"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[24a]</sup></a> as shall truly fully observe the
+orders afore and hereafter specified there be alotted and set out, over
+and above our former grants, one hundred acres of glebe land for the
+Minister of every &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a
+name="fnanchor_24b" id="fnanchor_24b"></a><a href="#footnote_24b"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[24b]</sup></a> and fifteen hundred acres of
+burough land for the public use of the said plantation; not intending
+yet hereby either to abridge or enlarge such grant of glebe or common
+land as shall be made in any of our grants in writing to any of the said
+particular plantations; we also will and ordain that the like proportion
+of maintenance out of the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a
+name="fnanchor_24c" id="fnanchor_24c"></a><a href="#footnote_24c"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[24c]</sup></a> and profits of the earth be made
+for the several ministers of the said particular plantations as have
+been before set down for the Ministers of the said former cities and
+burroughs; we will and ordain that the Governor for the time being and
+the said Council of Estate do justly perform or cause to be performed
+all such grants, covenants and articles as have or shall be in writing
+in our great and general quarter courts to any of the said particular
+plantations, declaring all other grants of lands in Virginia, not made
+in one of our great and general quarter courts, by force of His
+Majesties letters patents to be void. And to the end aforesaid we will
+and ordain that all our grants in writing under our seal, made in our
+great and general quarter courts, be entered into your records to be
+kept there in Virginia; yet directly forbiding that a charter of land
+granted to Captain Samuel Argal and his associates, bearing date the
+twentieth of March, 1616, be entered in your records or otherwise at all
+respected, forasmuch as the same was obtained by slight and cunning; and
+afterwards upon suffering him to go Governor of Virginia was by his own
+voluntary act left in our custody to be cancelled upon grant of a new
+charter which &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="fnanchor_24d"
+id="fnanchor_24d"></a><a href="#footnote_24d"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[24d]</sup></a> We do also hereby declare that
+heretofore in one of our said general and quarter courts we have
+ordained and enacted and in this present court have ratified and
+confirmed these orders and laws following: that all grants of lands,
+privileges and liberties in Virginia hereafter to be made, be passed by
+indenture, a counterpart whereof to be sealed by the grantees and to be
+kept &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="fnanchor_25"
+id="fnanchor_25"></a><a href="#footnote_25"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[25]</sup></a> the Companies
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="fnanchor_25a"
+id="fnanchor_25a"></a><a href="#footnote_25a"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[25a]</sup></a> evidences; and that the Secretary
+of the Company have the engrossing of all such indentures; that no
+patents or indentures of grants of land in Virginia be made and sealed
+but in a full, general and quarter court, the same having been first
+thoroughly perused and approved under the hands of a select committee
+for that purpose &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a
+name="fnanchor_25b" id="fnanchor_25b"></a><a href="#footnote_25b"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[25b]</sup></a> that all grants of
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="fnanchor_25c"
+id="fnanchor_25c"></a><a href="#footnote_25c"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[25c]</sup></a> in Virginia to such adventurers as
+have heretofore brought in their money here to the treasury for their
+several shares, being of twelve pounds ten shillings the share, be of
+one hundred acres the share upon the first division and of as many more
+upon a second division, when the land of the first division shall be
+sufficiently peopled; and for every person which they shall transport
+thither within seven years after Midsummer Day, one thousand six hundred
+and eighteen, if he continue there three years or dye in the mean time
+after he is shiped it be of fifty acres the person upon the first
+division and fifty more upon a second division, the land of the first
+being sufficiently peopled, without paying any rent to the Company for
+the one or the other; and that in all such grants the names of the said
+adventurers and the several number of each of their shares be expressed;
+provided alwaies, and it is ordained, that if the said adventurers or
+any of them do not truly and effectually, with one year next after the
+sealing of the said grant, pay and discharge all such sums of money
+wherein by subscription (or otherwise upon notice thereof given from the
+auditors) they stand indebted to the Company, or if the said
+adventurers, or any of them having not lawful right, either by purchase
+from the Company or by assignment from some other former adventurers,
+within one year after the said grant or by special gift of the Company
+upon merit preceding in a full quarter court, to so many shares as he or
+they pretend, do not within one year after the said grant, satisfie and
+pay to the said Treasurer and Company for every share so wanting after
+the rate of twelve pounds ten shillings the share, that then the said
+grant for so much as concerneth the
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a name="fnanchor_25d"
+id="fnanchor_25d"></a><a href="#footnote_25d"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[25d]</sup></a> part and all the shares of the
+said person so behind and not satisfying as aforesaid shall be utterly
+void; provided also, and it is ordained, that the grantees shall from
+time to time during the said seven years make a true certificate to the
+said Treasurer, Councel and Company from the chief officer or officers
+of the places respectively, of the number, names, ages, sex, trades and
+conditions of every such person so transported or shiped, to be entered
+by the Secretary into a register book for that purpose to be made; that
+for all persons not comprised in the order next before which during the
+next seven years after Midsummer day, 1618, shall go into Virginia with
+intent there to inhabite, if they continue there three years or dye
+after they are shiped there shall be a grant made of fifty acres for
+every person upon a first division and as many more upon a second
+division (the first being peopled), which grants to be made respectively
+to such persons and their heirs at whose charges the said persons going
+to inhabite in Virginia shall be transported with reservation of twelve
+pence yearly rent for every fifty acres to be answered to the said
+Treasurer and Company and their successors for ever, after the first
+seven years of every such grant; in which grants a provisoe to be
+inserted that the grantees shall from time to time during the said seven
+years make a true certificate to the said Treasurer, Councel and
+Company, from the chief officer or officers of places respectively, of
+the number, names, ages, sex, trades and conditions of every such person
+so transported or shiped, to be entred by the Secretary into a register
+book for that purpose to be made; that all grants as well of one sort as
+the other respectively be made with equal favours, and grants of like
+liberties and immunities as near as may be to the end that all complaint
+of partiality [or] differencie may be prevented. All which said orders
+we hereby will and ordain to be firmly and unvoilably kept and observed
+and that the inhabitants of Virginia have notice of them for their use
+and benefit. Lastly, we do hereby require and authorize you, the said
+Captain George Yeardley and the said Council of Etats, associating with
+you such other as you shall there find meet, to survey or cause to be
+survey'd all the lands and territories in Virginia above mentioned and
+the same to set out by bounds and metes, especially so as that the
+territories of the said several cities and buroughs and other particular
+plantations may be conveniently divided and known the one from the
+other; each survey to be set down distinctly in writing and returned to
+us under your hands and seals. In witness whereof we have hereunto set
+our common seal, given in a great and general court of the Council and
+Company of Adventurers of Virginia held the eighteenth day of November,
+1618; and in the years of the reign of our soverain Lord James, by the
+grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of
+the Faith, &amp;c., Vizt. of England, France and Ireland the sixteenth
+and of Scotland the two and fiftieth. Novr. 18, 1618.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 98-109.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_21" id="footnote_21"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_21">[21]</a> There is no authority in these
+Instructions for the Governor to establish a General Assembly. There is,
+however, evidence in the Instructions to Wyatt (p. 123) that a
+"Commission" was given to Yeardley which granted this authority.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_22" id="footnote_22"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_22">[22]</a> Editorial insertion by Kingsbury.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_23" id="footnote_23"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_23">[23]</a> Editorial note by Kingsbury.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_24" id="footnote_24"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_24">[24]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_24a" id="footnote_24a"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_24a">[24a]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_24b" id="footnote_24b"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_24b">[24b]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_24c" id="footnote_24c"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_24c">[24c]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_24d" id="footnote_24d"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_24d">[24d]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_25" id="footnote_25"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_25">[25]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_25a" id="footnote_25a"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_25a">[25a]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_25b" id="footnote_25b"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_25b">[25b]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_25c" id="footnote_25c"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_25c">[25c]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_25d" id="footnote_25d"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_25d">[25d]</a> Blank space.</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_9"></a>VIRGINIA COMPANY. INSTRUCTIONS TO<br />
+THE GOVERNOR AND COUNCIL OF STATE<br />
+IN VIRGINIA</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">July 24, 1621</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">Instructions to the Governor for the time being and
+Counsell of State in Virginia:</p>
+
+<p>1. First wee requier you in gennerall take into spetiall regard and
+estimation the service of Almightie God and observance of his divine
+lawes and that the people in Virginia bee trained up in true religion,
+god lives and vertue, that ther example may be a meanes to winn the
+infidells to God: wherin wee pray you especiallie to have in daly
+rememberance that the patterne which you shall give in your owne persons
+&amp; in your families wilbee of singular and chief moment whatt may
+soever itt shall propend. And since our gennerall endeavours and
+designes have nott yett effected a due establishment of the honor and
+rights belonginge to the Church and ministerie, wee must requier your
+most earnest care to advance all things appertayninge thereunto,
+seriously endeavoring the establishment of due order in administringe of
+all services according to the usuall forme and discipline of the Church
+of England and carefullie avoidinge all factious and needlesse novelties
+tending onlie to the disturbance of peace and unitie; and that such
+ministers as have been or shalbe sent from time to time may bee
+respected and mainteined according to the orders made in that behalfe,
+also for accomodatinge the churches or places for divine service.</p>
+
+<p>2. Wee praie you likewise take care, that the people now ther or
+hereafter inhabitinge bee kept in due obedience to His Majestie and that
+they all take the oaths of supremacie and allegiance; and that you
+provide that justice bee equallie administered to all His Majesties
+subjects ther resideing, and as neare as may be after the forme of this
+realme of England, wherin you are to have a vigilant care to prevent
+corruption amongst your inferior officers tending to the perverting or
+delaying of justice; wee praie you also to have espetiall care that no
+injurie or oppresion bee wrought by the English against any of the
+natives of that countrie wherby the present peace may be disturbed and
+ancient quarrells (now buried) might be revived; provided, nevertheles,
+that the honor of our nation and safety of our people bee still
+preserved and all maner of insolence committed by the natives be
+severely and sharpelie punished.</p>
+
+<p>3. Item: that you cause our people to applie themselves to an
+industrious course of life in followeinge ther buissinesies, each in the
+several degre and proffession, and that no man bee suffered to live
+idly, the example wherof might prove pernicious to the rest; in
+perticular that you bee carefull now in the begining to suppresse too
+much gaming and above all things that odious vice of drunkenes; and that
+all kinde of riott both in apparrell &amp; otherwise bee eschewed; and
+that an edict bee speedily published that no person residing in Virginia
+(excepting those of the Counsill and heads of hundreds and plantations,
+ther wives &amp; chilldren) shall weare any gold in ther clothes or any
+apparrell of silke, untill such time they have itt of the silke ther
+made by silkewormes &amp; raised by ther owne industry.</p>
+
+<p>4. Item: that you use good prudence that no just cause of offence bee
+given to any other prince, state or people which are in league or amitie
+with His Majestie; and that no captaine or other of our Colonie under
+pretence of trade to the coast of the West Indies bee suffred to saile
+out with anie vessell ther to robb &amp; spoile wherby to provoke any
+other nation against us; and that no piratts have cause by ... accesse
+to retier with ther purchasses to the coast of Virginia, but that they
+be severlie punnished &amp; ther goods confiscated: for the preventing
+of which, as alsoe for securing your selves against all forraigne
+ennimies, wee require your serious considerations for the speedie
+errecting of fortresses or blockhouses at the mouth of the river as also
+for all other manner of needfull fortifications in all places, and to
+the effecting hereof wee requirer you, as well private persons as
+hundreds and corporations, bee ratablie proportioned to the performance
+of certaine dayes worke by the yeare.</p>
+
+<p>5. Item: that the best meanes bee used to draw the better disposed of
+the natives to converse with our people and labor amongst them with
+convenient reward that therby they may growe to a likeing and love of
+civility and finallie bee brought to the knowledge and love of God and
+true religion, which may prove also of great strength to our people
+against the savages or other invadors, whatsoever; and they may bee fitt
+instruments to assist afterwards in the more gennerall conversion of the
+heathen people which wee somuch desier.</p>
+
+<p>6. Item: that for the laying of the surer foundation for the said
+conversion, that each towne, cittie, burrough and other particular
+plantation bee procured to obtaine to themselves by just meanes a
+certaine number of the chilldren of the natives to be educated by them
+in true religion and a civill course of life; of which chilldren the
+most towardlie boyes in will and graces of nature to bee brought up by
+them in the first elements of literature so to bee fitted for the
+colledge, in the fabricke whereof we purpose to proceed assoone as any
+proffit returned from the tenantes shall enhable us; and doe therfore
+verie ernestlie requier your uttermost helps aswell for the improveinge
+of ther labors, as for the true account and returne of the proffitts
+already due, that so that busines of the colledge may goe forward with
+which wee doubt not a particular blessing of God will goe a long uppon
+the Collony ther as wee are assured the love of all good men here to the
+plantation will therby be encreased.</p>
+
+<p>7. Item: that imediatlie after the gatheringe in of the present
+yeares cropp by Sir George Yeardlie, wee requier that the land belonging
+to the place of Governor bee resigned to Sir Francis Wyate and that ther
+bee delivered to him by Sir George Yeardly the hundred tenants well
+furnished which wee sent him for the place; and if ther bee any of them
+wanting, Sir George Yeardly is out of his private to make good the full
+nomber of a hundred, which wee hope hee will gladlie doe, remembringe
+our courtesie in the addition of thirtie able persons sent him the
+former springe to supplie those that wee understood through mortallitie
+had failed; as also our refusing to accept of his offer to depart
+[part?] with all the proffitt by the Governors land or tenants, onlie
+exspecting his care to cultivate well that land and to uphold that
+nomber of a hundred tenants for the place.</p>
+
+<p>8. Item: imediatelie upon the expiracion of Sir George Yeardlys
+goverment on the eighteenth of November next, you shall admitt Sir
+Francis Wiats commission to bee read, whom accordinglie you shall
+receave and publish Governor and Captaine Generall, yealding unto his
+person and place all our respect, honor and observance.</p>
+
+<p>9. Item: the comission for establishing of the Counsell you shall
+publish uppon the deliverie therof and as speedylie as convenientlie you
+may to administer the oath of Counsellors unto the severall persons
+therin named.</p>
+
+<p>10. And forasmuch as ther hath ben in theise late yeares great fault
+or defect in nott putting in execucion our orders of court and Counsell
+for the setting upp &amp; upholdinge those staple comodities which are
+necessarie for the subsisting and encrease of the plantation, which hath
+happned in part by the our chargeing the Governor with toe much
+buissnes, wee have uppon espetiall approvement of the industry and
+sufficiency of George Sandis, Esqr., as also for his faithfulnes and
+plenarie intelligence of our intendments and counsells here (wherunto
+hee hath from time to time bein privie, not only elected and athorised
+him to bee Treasurer in Virginia, butt also committed to his spetiall
+and extreordinarie care the execution of all our orders, charters and
+instructions tending to the setting upp, encrease and maintaininge of
+the said staple comodities); wee, therefore, requier you that upon all
+such occationes wherin the said master ... shall have occation to bee
+employed, you give him all such countenance, help and power in the
+execution therof as you would doe to the Governor himselfe if hee were
+personallie present; and that provition bee made for convenient
+transporting him from place upon all those occations; we have by order
+of our quarter court bearing date the second day of May last, allotted
+unto the place of Treasuror fifteen hundred acres of land and fifty
+tenants wherof twenty five are now sent and twenty five more are to bee
+sent the next Spring; to the place of Marshall (wherunto wee have chosen
+Sir William Neuce) wee have likewise allotted fifteene hundred acres of
+land and fifty tenantes now provided and furnished and deliverid to the
+said Sir William Newce to bee transported this present somer; to the
+place of the Companies Deputie (wherunto wee have formerlie allotted
+twelve hundred acres and forty men) wee have added three hundred acres
+of land and tenn tenants more to bee sent the next springe; to the
+phisitions place wee have allotted twenty tenantes sent last spring and
+five hundred acres of land; to the Secretarie, five hundred acres of
+land and twenty tenantes sent out the last springe; for the accomateinge
+of which severall persons in ther places &amp; offices in the best
+manner according to our promises, furtherance that in you lieth.</p>
+
+<p>11. Item: wee pray you likewise with convenient speed to reveive the
+commissiones formerlie directed to Sir George Yeardly, then Governor,
+and to the Counsell of State ther beareinge date the 18 of November,
+1618, conteining the lawes &amp; orders for dividing the citties and
+burroughs with ther land and people, and sondrie other particularities
+for the well settling of that State. And haveing sent you coppies of all
+such instructions, letters, charters &amp; directions as have here
+before been sent from time to time, wee pray you to peruse them all and
+what soever you shall find not contrarie to any of theise instructions
+and requisite for the behouf of Collonie ther or of the Companie here,
+wee wish you to observe itt as though the same were here particularly
+inserted. Also all orders of courtes that shall bee certified uppon
+peticions or otherwise, under the attest of our Secretaries hand
+referred unto the Governor or Counsell ther, wee pray you see that a due
+course bee taken accordinglie to doe the partie whome it shall concerne
+right and justice, no lesse then if they had been particularly here by
+name commended unto you.</p>
+
+<p>12. Item: that the captaines and heades of everie particular
+plantation or hundreds, as likewise everie cheif officer that hath
+people under his charge, deliver severall catalogues at one of the fower
+quarter sessions of the Counsell yearly as well of the severall names,
+conditions and qualities of those that bee liveing, as also of those
+that bee dead, and likewise of the mariages and christnings hapninge
+with that place; and that the personall goods and estate of the partie
+deceased bee carefullie keptt &amp; reserved to the rightt owners
+therof; and lastlie that a list bee kept of the nomber of all sorts of
+cattell in each particular burrough or plantation; and that you cause
+the Secretarie once everie yeare to returne us hether a perfect coppie
+of all the premisses.</p>
+
+<p>13. Item: that whereas the principall hope of the plantacion dependes
+much on the prosperity of particular Colonies or hundreds, itt wilbe
+verie necessarie that in case of the death or other misaccidents of the
+chief heads of those Colonies, you take into your carefull regaurd the
+conservation of the bodie and sinews of that plantation united,
+preserving the remaines by the best meanes that either industry or
+charity can effect.</p>
+
+<p>14. Item: that according to His Majesties gratious advise and the
+desire &amp; expectacion of the whole state here, you draw the people
+from the excessive planting of tobacco and that, according to a late
+order of court in that behalfe made the thirteenth of June last, you
+suffer them not to plaint in one yeare alone one hundred waight tobacco
+the head, that is the person; and that you do provide by some generall
+course to bee held amongst them that they apply themselves to the
+soweing and planting of corne in good plentie that ther may bee alwaies
+a large proportion not onlie for their owne use, but store also for such
+as in great multitudes wee hope yearly to send; likewise by the same
+generall course to cause the generall inhabitants and households to
+enclose by pale &amp; strong fences some fitting portion of our land for
+the keping of cowes, tame swine and poultrie; and for the making all due
+provitiones for the encrease &amp; preservation of the bread of all
+sorts of cattle, and in particular kine, wherof wee thinke itt most
+unfitt that any should bee as yett killed and requier your vigilent care
+for the inhibiting thereof.</p>
+
+<p>15. Item: after corne, wee comend unto your care the matter of silke
+which his Majesty heretofore espetially to commended unto us and out of
+his owne store hath moste gratiouslie been pleased often to furnish our
+Company with seed: in supply of which more hath bin since sent and a
+greater quantitie shall likewise followe hereafter as soone as itt shall
+come to our hands. Wee requier therfore that you cause in everie
+particular plantation great nomber of mulbery trees to bee plainted
+neare ther dwellings, and such as are already groweing to bee preserved
+for planting, of which many excellent bookes have binn already sent in
+December last, unto which wee referr you for your better direction
+therin, as also to divers French and other experienced men, late sent
+&amp; procured at extraordinarie charge, of whose generall subsistence
+wee expect your assidious care.</p>
+
+<p>16. Item: silke grasse, being a comoditie of spetiall hope and much
+use, not with standing through negligence and want of experience, it
+hath lately been declared to bee full of difficullty and hazard both in
+groweing and curing, yett we doe especially recomend unto your care and
+that you direct some good way to bring it to perfection by experimenting
+the soiles, the seasons and true maner of cultivating of itt, being
+confident that that which growes so naturally in those parts will much
+more by art and industry bee at lenght brought to perfection, and being
+many wayes so usefull will bring great honor an [and?] proffitt unto the
+action.</p>
+
+<p>17. Item: wee doe also especially recommend unto you the planting of
+vines in aboundance and that the vignerons sent with so great charge to
+the Company bee fairely &amp; carefullie provided for.</p>
+
+<p>18. Item: wee requier also that all sorts of artsmen be employed in
+ther severall trades and that store of aprentizes bee placed &amp; held
+to learne ther occupations, especially those that are most usefull or
+most comodious; and that you duely consider the quallities and trades of
+all those people sent over for the Companies or any of the Collonies
+servis &amp; that you cause them to bee held to ther trades and
+occupations wherin ther are like to deserve &amp; win most bennifitt;
+and not to suffer them to forsake ther former occupacions for planting
+tobacco or such uselesse comodities. And here wee earnestly commend unto
+your care the Dutchemen sent for the erecting of sawing mills, a worke
+most necessarie since the materialls for howsing and shipping can not
+otherwise without much more troble, paines and charge bee provided;
+&amp; although wee have received some notice that fitting places for
+ther works and not ther easilie found out, yett wee hope that dillegence
+fitting to bee used in a case of so generall benifitt hath discoverid
+how to make use of ther skills by this time. Nor doe wee here apprehend
+any difficullty of finding accomodation for that purpose about the falls
+or towards the heads of some river or brookes by the station, wherof
+timber may be brought unto them verie easili and by the current of the
+river the plankes or boords sawen may bee transported for the generall
+use of all or the greatest part of our people.</p>
+
+<p>19. Item: that your corne mills bee presentlie erected and pupliqe
+bakehowses in everie burrough bee built with all speed and
+dilligence.</p>
+
+<p>20. Item: that all apparent or proved contracts made in England or in
+Virginia betweene the owners of land in Virginia and ther tenants or
+servants be truly performed and the breach of them reformed by due
+punishment as justice shall requier.</p>
+
+<p>21. Item: that you suffer no crafty or advantageous meanes to bee
+used to entice a way the tenants or servants of any particular
+plantacion from the place they are ... ceited and that all offenders
+herein bee severlie punished and the partie drawne away bee returned to
+ther former place.</p>
+
+<p>[22]. Wee commend unto your especiall regard the providing for such
+persons as have already bin sent or are now or shall be hereafter
+entertained for the erecting of iron works; that all possible meanes bee
+used for ther encouradgment &amp; for the performing of generall
+contracts here made with the Company wherby justice unto them and
+profitt to the plantation may arise. And whereas Mr. John Berkly hath
+bin approved unto us here by extreordinary recommendations to bee
+industrious and intelligent gentleman many ways, butt espetially for
+iron works, wee desier hee &amp; his company may bee cherished by you
+and supported by the helpe of the whole Colonie if need shall requier,
+therby to enhable him to perfect that worke wherupon the Company have
+already expended great somes of money &amp; itt is a com[modity] so
+necessarie as few other are to bee valewed in comparrison therof. Upon
+the successe therof also, mens eyes are generally fixed &amp; therfore
+if itt should now (as by former misaccident or negligence) fall to the
+ground, ther were little hope that ever they would bee revived againe;
+and whereas wee have bin so circomspect as to contraict with many
+masters severally for the erecting of the said works, wherby wee hoped
+though some miscarried or failled others should have proceeded; if by
+want of workes or necessarie materialls the said masters cannot for
+present bee seatted or enjoy the conditions of ther contraicts, wee
+thinke fitt you should accomodate them according to ther several
+habillities in some secondarie or subordinarie places of assistance to
+Mr. Berkly, or when another worke may be advanced to worke them over
+that, according (as neere as may bee) to ther contraictes made here with
+the Company, wherby this worke of so great consequence &amp; generall
+expectacion, infinitt com[modity] &amp; unspeakeable benifitt to the
+plantacion may bee dilligentlie prosecuted &amp; upheld.</p>
+
+<p>23. Item: salt, pich and tarr, soape ashes, &amp;c., often
+recommended and sett up, and for which fittinge men &amp; matterialles
+have been sent to the great charge of the Company and yett daylie
+complaints come to us of the want of them, wee desier you will now
+prosecute and further with all dilligence &amp; care.</p>
+
+<p>24. Item: your makeing of oile of wallnuts, your employing your
+apothecaries in distilling of hott waters out of your lees of beere and
+searching after minierall dyes, gummes, druggs, and the like things, wee
+desier you not to forgett and good quanteties of all sorts to send us by
+all shipps.</p>
+
+<p>25. Item: since wee have conceaved itt most fitting to ordaine that a
+small quantety of tobacco shall bee plainted or cherished in Virginia,
+wee hold itt verie necessarie to use all possible care that the
+proporcion limmitted may bee improved in goodnes as much as may bee; and
+therefore that some good order bee taken to see itt well cured and duely
+ordred that bringing itt into request may cause any certaine benifitt to
+the planters.</p>
+
+<p>26. Item: that due proceeding bee used in the erection of those
+howses appointed for lodgeing of new men upon ther landing, according to
+former directions; and that from time to time a course bee taken for
+ther repaire, cleane &amp; neat; keeping likewise, for comon store,
+howses in convenient places as well for other needs necessary
+provitions, as upper roomes for conservation of a proportion of
+gounpouder ready for use.</p>
+
+<p>27. Item: whereas wee have many times found losse &amp; interuption
+in our buissines through want of frequent relacion from Virginia, wee
+therefore requier you att least to make a quarterly dispatch unto us,
+the duplicate wherof to bee duely sentt by the next oppertunitie of
+shipping after.
+
+28. Item: whereas Capt. William Norton and certaine Itallians, now by
+the general Company and other worthy minded adventures att a verie great
+charge, sent for the erecting of a glasse furnace in Virginia, wee
+hartilie desire you to afford them all favor possible. And in particular
+that the guesthowses built by Leftenant Whitakers bee allowed them for
+ther habitacion till they may convenientlie provide themselves of ther
+owne; and that all orders given them from hence bee exactlie putt in
+execucion.</p>
+
+<p>29. Item: a gentleman's great dilligence in our affaires, accompaned
+with extreordinarie capacity and judgement, haveing proceeded the
+treatise of the buissnes belonging to the plantacion, approved by us to
+bee full of exellent observances for those that are emmenly employd in
+Virginia, as well for us here, wee sent a coppy to ly amongst the
+records of your Counsell from whence, from the often veiw of former
+passadgs, wee wish every Counsellor may make permanent instructions, and
+no doubt much helps and furtherance may bee produced in most occasiones
+for the advancement of the plantacion.</p>
+
+<p>30. Item: that ther be espetiall care taken both of generall and
+particular survaies wherby not onlie a true mapp and face of the whole
+country, costs, creeks, rivers, highe ground &amp; lowe ground, &amp;c.,
+may bee exactlie discoverid, but also the boundaries of the severall
+hundreds and plantacions, with the perticuler directions in them bee
+perfectlie sett forth from time to time, mainetained to prevent therby
+future differences that arise upon questions of possestion, wherin also
+itt may be fitting and moste usefull to posteritie to cast an imaginarie
+eye and view, wher and which way the grand highewayes may bee like to
+strike and passe through the dominions; in which course the hard
+mountaines, the fords, the places for bridges, &amp;c., may nott
+unfittlie bee considered; for performance of all which the premises (and
+for the better sattisfaction) of the planters, whoe have so often
+required ther lands may bee devided and bounded, wee have now sent and
+furnished out Mr. William Cleyburne, gentleman, recomended unto us as
+very [fitt] in the art of surveying.</p>
+
+<p>31. Item: the oppressing and imoderate fees heretofore exacted in
+Virginia by divers officers in valuacion of ther paines &amp; travell
+for the Colonies service have partlie occationed the settling a
+competent revenue to arrise therby tenants to everie cheif officer; wee
+now forbidd that officer so provided for, or otherwise by allotted parts
+out of the common profitt recompenced, doe take any other fees for
+execution of ther severall places either directly or indirectly;
+neverthelesse, that clarks &amp; such like may have a reward for ther
+dilligence, wee require you by order to sett downe some small proportion
+for passes, warrants, copies of orders, seales, &amp;c., or
+proportionably to the merits of servants paines and attendance.</p>
+
+<p>32. Item: the Governor &amp; Counsell assembled within a short time
+after the arivall of this shipp are to sett downe the fittest months
+after ther quarterlie meeting of the Counsell of State according to the
+seasons and to fitting meanes for ther entertayment, together with
+regaurd of the best ease and benifitt of the people, that shall have
+occasion to addresse themselves unto the Counsell, either for justice or
+direction; considering also the times of making ther dispathes to
+England, according to the oppertunities of shiping ther comeing or
+goeing.</p>
+
+<p>33. That the Governor for the time being in or about the foresaid
+time doe summon by an officer appointed for that purpose the Counsell of
+State to appeare at a day and to bee together for the space of one whole
+month or more if need shall requier to advise &amp; consult upon matter
+of Counsell of State and of the generall affaires of the Colonie, and as
+ther shalbee cause to order and determine the greater causes of
+consequence or such matter as shall growe or arise within the Colonie,
+either by reference or judgment; and that free accesse bee permitted to
+all suiters to make knowne ther perticuler grevances, bee itt against
+what person soever. And if the plaint appeare to bee important, to
+record the same ther &amp; to returne a coppy ther of together with the
+report of your proceeding therin.</p>
+
+<p>34. As also to keepe a perfect register of all the acts of each
+quarter sessions duely and orderlie and therof to returne a perfect
+transcript unto us by the first oppertunitie of shipping from time to
+time. And that at everie sessions you cause all instructions and
+charters that are already or shall hereafter bee sent from hence to bee
+read and so from sessions to sessions untill our directory shall bee
+fullie executed.</p>
+
+<p>35. Item: in case of the Governor death or removall or suspencion by
+order from hence untill other direction from us can come, wee requier
+that the Counsell or major part of them then residing in Virginia doe
+imedialie assemble themselves and within fourteene dayes or sooner from
+out of ther body to elect one to supplie the place for the time; and to
+preserve the state of bussinesse still in the same current that it
+was.</p>
+
+<p>36. The relation of which act of Counsell wee will you send us with
+as much speede as may bee, and if ther should bee an unexpected division
+in the voices of the counsell that a just halfe should bee willing to
+elect one and the other halfe desirous of another, then wee will that
+election bee made of the Leftennant Governor; and in his absence or
+necessarie cause of declining the Marshall, and in case of his default
+or such refusall then the Treasurer, then one of the two deputies or the
+other till the place of Governor be settled in on [one] of our said
+cheif officers.</p>
+
+<p>37. Item: whereas ther hath bin severall directions given to the
+former Governor for fixing the tenants uppon the lands as well belonging
+to the Governor place as other the officers seated by the Governor,
+which uppon pretences hath bin allowed and neglected and the men lett
+out to the heir; wee requier you that hereafter no officer bee permitted
+to lett out his tenants, butt settle them uppon the lands sett out for
+his place, enjoining them to enclose gardens, build howses, deviding
+them into families or societies, to place them upon the land
+appropriated to his office, excepting onlie the Counsell shall have
+power to make a convenient order at one of the quarter sessions to
+dispence with this article for the space of six months &amp; that in
+case onlie of extreeme necessitie.</p>
+
+<p>38. Item: the Governor, onlie for the time being, shall summon
+Counsells and sine warrants &amp; execute or give athoritie for
+execution of the Counsells orders, except in cases which seeme to
+appertaine to the imediate execucions of Liftenant Generall, Marshall,
+Tresuror, or deputies, wherin according to ther severall comissions or
+by a conceaved order from a quarter counsell the officers are severallie
+directed and authorised.</p>
+
+<p>39. The Governor for the time being shall have absolute power and
+authoritie according to the implicacion of his particular commission to
+direct, determine and punish at his good discretion any emergent
+buissnes, neglect or contempt of authority in any kind or what soever
+negligence or contempt may bee found in any person ther residing or
+being, except only those of the Counsell for ther on persons whoe are in
+such cases to bee summoned to appeare at the next quarter session of the
+Counsell holdne ther abide ther censure; in the meane time if the
+Governor shall thinke itt may concerne either the quiett of that state
+to proceed more speedily with such an offendor, itt shall bee lawful to
+summon a Counsell extreordinarie, wherat six of the Counsell at lest are
+to bee present with the said Governor and by the main parte of ther
+voices committ any Counsellor to saife custody or upon baile to appere
+and abide the order of the nextt quarter counsell.</p>
+
+<p>40. Everie order and decree of the Counsell of State shalbe concluded
+by the major parte of voices at that Assembly, wherin the Governor for
+the time being is to have a casting voice if the nomber of Counsellors
+should bee even or should bee equally devided in oppinnion;
+neverthelesse reserving to the said Governor a negative voice att any
+Generall Assembly according to a former comission granted.<a
+name="fnanchor_26" id="fnanchor_26"></a><a href="#footnote_26"
+class="fnanchor"><sup>[26]</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>41. Item: wee pray you likewise to take into your care the protexcion
+of the people, that they suffer no wrong by the engrossing commodity
+&amp; forestalling the marketts, butt preserve them open for all men
+freely or indifferently to buy or sell.</p>
+
+<p>42. Item: wee requier you expecially to see the publicke labors to
+bee from time to time equally charged &amp; burdned for the people that
+one mans tenants bee nott favored above others or officers tenants
+favored more then those of the puplique; and to the end those services
+may fall as easy to all ports as may bee, wee thinke in the punishment
+of all enormus misdemeanors, &amp;c., ill deservers bee condemned to a
+nomber of days works for puplique use &amp; building, or to finnishing
+of a fence or dike, or to cariage or roweing according to the meritt of
+the offence.</p>
+
+<p>43. Item: where as the Right Honourable the Earle of Pembroke with
+divers his associates have undertaken to plaint thirty thousand acres of
+land in Virginia, we therfore intreat you to make choice of the best
+seate on that river that is not yett inhabited; and herin to take the
+advise of Mr. Leech, whoe now goes over to veiw the cuntrie and to bee
+enployd in that plantacion which being sett out wee desier to be
+informed therof.</p>
+
+<p>44. Item: as wee hold itt most necessarie that you provide for the
+generall safety and securing of your selves and estats together, so doe
+wee conceave it a matter of exceeding great advantage &amp; incouragment
+to discover everie day farther by the sea coast and within land about
+which wee requier you to conceave a fitting course from time espetiallie
+to find good fishing betweene James river and Cape Cod or any wher
+within our limmittes wherin wee suppose the new trade of commodities
+found wilbe like to recompence the troble and charge bestowed therin,
+for wee are certainely informed that the Dutchmen within 20 or 30
+leagues of your plantacion steile a trade for furrs, &amp;c., to ther
+verie great gaine &amp; content.</p>
+
+<p>45. Item: for as much as planting of staple commodities is useuallie
+much advanced by example taken one from another, wee expect that the
+cheif officers by ther owne particular employment of ther people &amp;
+land, &amp; setting forth the benifitts &amp; hopes of such endeavors,
+shall exceedinglie advance the state of commodity and trade.</p>
+
+<p>46. Item: wee doe moreover requier that according to your oaths and
+severall charges your thoughts &amp; endeavors be unanimouslie employed
+for performance of our instructions in generall, &amp; particuler that
+chieflie aiminge at the establishment of the Colonie your selves &amp;
+all of us that have endeavorid therein may bee comforted in a happie
+apparence of prosperity of the plantacion which wilbe glorious before
+God and infinitt honor, strenght &amp; profitt to our King &amp;
+Cuntry.</p>
+
+<p>47. Lastly wee pray you that no shipp that now or at any time wee
+shall send at the companies charge to Virginia bee suffered to stay ther
+above thirty dayes for avoiding of charge which hath heretofore grown
+uppon long voydges in freight &amp; wages &amp; that you suffer not in
+the said shipps any goods provicions sent thither to bee brought from
+thence againe by any marriners, passengers or others uppon paine of some
+punishment to be inflicted upon them; and although the infancy of the
+plantacion may nott some time afford the more valuable comodities to
+freight the shipps home uppon so short a stay, yett wee suppose that a
+prudent course &amp; preperacion may at last afford them choice timber
+as clear walnutt or some other such lesse valueable commodity to add to
+ther lading which will yeild more profitt to the Companie with the
+shipps quicke returne then is usueally raised by ther best comodities
+when longer accompt for freightt hath drawne on a further charge. Given
+under the Counsell scale the fower and twentith day of Julie, 1621; and
+in the yeare of the raign of our soveraigne Lord James, by the grace of
+God of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the faith,
+&amp;c., that is to say of England, France and Ireland the nineteenth
+and Scottland the fower and fiftith.</p>
+
+<p class="quotesig">Signed by the Earl of Southampton</p>
+
+<p>Sir Edwin Sandis<br />
+Mr. John Davers<br />
+Mr. John Ferrar, deputy<br />
+Mr. Thomas Gibbs<br />
+Mr. Sam Wrote<br />
+Mr. Nicholas Ferrar<br />
+Doctor Anthony<br />
+Doctor Williamson<br />
+Doctor Galston<br />
+Mr. George Sandys<br /></p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 468-482.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote">
+<a name="footnote_26" id="footnote_26"></a>
+<a href="#fnanchor_26">[26]</a> One of the few references to the
+<i>Commission</i>, not the "Instructions", to Yeardley, authorizing a
+General Assembly.</p>
+
+<h4 class="p4"><a name="pg_10"></a>TREASURER AND COMPANY. AN<br />
+ORDINANCE AND CONSTITUTION FOR<br />
+COUNCIL AND ASSEMBLY IN VIRGINIA</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">July 24, 1621</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2 blockquote">To all people to whom these presents shall
+come, bee seen or heard, the Treasuror, Council and Company of
+Adventurers and Planters of the Citty of London for the First Collony in
+Virginia send greeting: knowe yee that wee, the said Treasuror, Counsell
+and Company, takeing into our carefull consideracion the present state
+of the said Colony in Virginia, and intending by the Devine assistance
+to settle such a forme of government ther as may bee to the greatest
+benifitt and comfort of the people and wherby all injustice, grevance
+and oppression may bee prevented and kept of as much as is possible from
+the said Colony, have thought fitt to make our entrance by ordaining
+&amp; establishing such supreame Counsells as may not only bee assisting
+to the Governor for the time being in administracion of justice and the
+executing of other duties to his office belonging, but also by ther
+vigilent care &amp; prudence may provide as well for remedy of all
+inconveniencies groweing from time to time as also for the advancing of
+encrease, strength, stabillitie and prosperitie of the said Colony:</p>
+
+<p>Wee therefore, the said Treasuror, Counsell and Company, by
+authoritie directed to us from His Majestie under his Great Seale, upon
+mature deliberacion doe hereby order &amp; declare that from hence
+forward ther bee towe supreame Counsells in Virginia for the better
+government of the said Colony as aforesaid: the one of which Counsells
+to bee called the Counsell of State and whose office shall cheiflie bee
+assisting, wth ther care, advise &amp; circomspection, to the said
+Governor; shall be chosen, nominated, placed and displaced from time to
+time by us, the said Treasurer, Counsell &amp; Company and our
+successors; which Counsell of State shall consiste for the present onlie
+of those persons whose names are here inserted, vizt.: Sir Francis
+Wyatt, Governor of Virginia; Captaine Francis West; Sir George Yeardley,
+Knight; Sir William Newce, Knight, Marshall of Virginia; Mr. George
+Sandys, Tresuror; Mr. George Thorpe, Deputy of the Colledge; Captaine
+Thomas Newce, Deputy for the Company; Mr. Christopher Davison,
+Secretarie; Doctor Potts, Phesition to the Company; Mr. Paulet; Mr.
+Leech; Captaine Nathaniell Powell; Mr. Roger Smith; Mr. John Berkley;
+Mr. John Rolfe; Mr. Ralfe Hamer; Mr. John Pountus; Mr. Michael Lapworth;
+Mr. Harwood; [and] Mr. Samuel Macocke. Which said Counsellors and
+Counsell wee earnestlie pray &amp; desier, and in His Majesties name
+strictlie charge and command, that all factious parcialties and sinister
+respects laid aside, they bend ther care and endeavors to assist the
+said Governor first and principallie in advancement of the honor and
+service of Almightie God and the enlargement of His kingdome amongste
+those heathen people; and next in the erecting of the said Colonie in
+one obedience to His Majestie and all lawful authoritie from His
+Majestis dirived; and lastlie in maitaining the said people in justice
+and Christian conversation among themselves and in strength and
+habillitie to wth stand ther ennimies. And this Counsell is to bee
+alwaies, or for the most part, residing about or neere the said
+Governor. The other Counsell, more generall, to bee called by the
+Governor, and yeerly, of course, &amp; no oftner but for very
+extreordinarie &amp; important occasions, shall consist for present of
+the said Counsell of State and of tow burgesses out of every towne,
+hunder [hundred] and other particuler plantacion to bee respetially
+chosen by the inhabitants. Which Counsell shalbee called the Generall
+Assemblie, wherein as also in the said Counsell of State, all matters
+shall be decided, determined &amp; ordered by the greater part of the
+voices then present, reserveing alwaies to the Governor a negative
+voice. And this Generall Assembly shall have free power to treat,
+consult &amp; conclude as well of all emergent occasions concerning the
+pupliqe weale of the said Colony and evrie parte therof as also to make,
+ordeine &amp; enact such generall lawes &amp; orders for the behoof of
+the said Colony and the good govermt therof as shall time to time
+appeare necessarie or requisite. Wherin as in all other things wee
+requier the said Gennerall Assembly, as also the said Counsell of State,
+to imitate and followe the policy of the forme of goverment, lawes,
+custome, manners of loyall and other administracion of justice used in
+the realme of England, as neere as may bee even as ourselves by His
+Majesties lettres patents are required; provided that noe lawes or
+ordinance made in the said Generall Assembly shalbe and continew in
+force and validitie, unlese the same shalbe sollemlie ratified and
+confirmed in a generall greater court of the said court here in England
+and so ratified and returned to them under our seale. It being our
+intent to affoord the like measure also unto the said Colony that after
+the goverment of the [said Colony, shall once have been well framed
+&amp; settled accordingly, which is to be done by us as by authoritie
+derived from] his Majestie and the sa[me shall] have bene soe by us
+declared, no orders of our court afterwarde shall binde [the said]
+Colony unles they bee ratified in like manner in ther Generall
+Assembly.</p>
+
+<p>In wittnes wherof wee have hereunto sett our common seale the 24th
+day of [July] 1621, and in the yeare of the raigne of our governoure,
+Lord James by the ... of God of England, Scotland, France &amp; Ireland,
+King, Defendor of the ... vizt., of England, France and Scotland the
+nineteenth and of Scotland the fower and fiftieth.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquote">Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 482-484. Stith, Appendix,
+pp. 32-34.</p>
+
+<p class="p4"></p>
+
+<div class='tnote'><h3>Transcriber's Notes:</h3>
+
+<p>This is one of a series of 23 pamphlets produced in 1957 in
+celebration of the 350th anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown
+colony in Virginia. Research indicates that the copyright on this book
+was not renewed.</p>
+<p>Spelling was left unchanged throughout.</p>
+<p>Footnotes were indented and moved to the end of the chapter to which
+they pertain.</p>
+<p>Extra spaces within lists of names were removed. Extra spaces within
+text were retained where they indicate omitted text in the original
+manuscript. The printer used multiple footnote anchors, numbered 24 and
+25, to indicate some of these blank spaces. Duplicates were changed to
+24a, 24b, 24c, 24d, 25a, 25b, 25c, and 25d.</p>
+<p>A comma was replaced with a period at the end of a sentence in the
+Introduction: ... governing body. It was thus ...</p>
+<p>A semicolon was replaced with a period at the end of numbered
+paragraph 9 in the "Instructions ... to Sir Thomas West ..."</p>
+<p>In the "Instructions to the Governor and Council of State," brackets
+around paragraph number [22] indicate the number was missing in the
+original. The number is not a footnote anchor.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Three Charters of the Virginia
+Company of London, by Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARTERS--VIRGINIA CO. OF LONDON ***
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Three Charters of the Virginia Company
+of London, by Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London
+       With Seven Related Documents; 1606-1621
+
+Author: Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
+Release Date: May 21, 2011 [EBook #36181]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARTERS--VIRGINIA CO. OF LONDON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Carol Ann Brown and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net.
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE THREE CHARTERS OF THE
+  VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON
+
+  With Seven Related Documents;
+
+  1606-1621
+
+  With an introduction by
+
+  Samuel M. Bemiss
+  President, Virginia Historical Society
+
+
+  VIRGINIA 350TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION CORPORATION
+  WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA
+  1957
+
+  COPYRIGHT(C), 1957 BY
+  VIRGINIA 350TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION
+  CORPORATION, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA
+
+  Jamestown 350th Anniversary
+  Historical Booklet Number 4
+
+
+
+
+  CONTENTS
+
+
+
+  Introduction                                                  v
+
+  The First Charter, April 10, 1606                             1
+
+  Articles, Instructions and Orders
+    November 20, 1606                                          13
+
+  Ordinance and Constitution, March 9, 1607                    23
+
+  The Second Charter, May 23, 1609                             27
+
+  Virginia Council Instructions to
+    Sir Thomas Gates, May, 1609                                55
+
+  Virginia Council Instructions to
+    Sir Thomas West, 1609/10                                   70
+
+  The Third Charter, March 12, 1612                            76
+
+  Virginia Company Instructions to
+    Sir George Yeardley, November 18, 1618                     95
+    (Sometimes called "The Great Charter")
+
+  Virginia Company Instructions to Governor and
+    Council in Virginia, July 24, 1621                        109
+
+  Treasurer and Company. An Ordinance and Constitution
+    for Council and Assembly in Virginia, July 24, 1621       126
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+Historians may trace in the Royal charters issued to the Virginia
+Company of London a course of empire; a Company organized for profit by
+the ablest businessmen of their time--merchants, manufacturers,
+statesmen, and artists who bound themselves together in a joint stock
+enterprise. The historian may also find in the three charters here
+published a pattern for a parliamentary system and its development into
+the American form of government. He might even perceive the inception of
+a new society.
+
+The origin of the joint stock company was probably primitive. Its later
+genesis may readily be seen in the medieval guild. It became an English
+institution in its application by Sir Walter Raleigh to his magnificent
+adventures in both honest trade and romantic piracy.
+
+The Company provided an agency for assembling adventure capital and
+supplying able management to enterprises of great moment. It offered an
+invitation to the industrious to participate in the growing wealth and
+expanding power of the great English middle class. It supplied an
+opportunity to small investors and it limited their liability. It was an
+adaptation by practical people to practical problems.
+
+Subscribers, or shareholders, met in their quarterly courts to discuss
+the business of the Company and participate in its management. These
+courts were the counterpart of our present day corporate stockholders'
+meetings and were characterized by the same sort of discussions. King
+James could protest vehemently against the "democratical principles of
+the Company." He could see in their charters the final death warrant of
+feudalism. He could execute Raleigh "chiefly for giving satisfaction to
+the King of Spain." He could revoke the charters in 1624, but he could
+not stop the rising tide of representative institutions nor darken the
+great vision of the liberal Elizabethans. A new day had dawned.
+
+The General Assembly which met at Jamestown in 1619 was the natural
+child of the Company. Some of the planters along the James River were
+shareholders in the Company. They had a voice in its management. In the
+management of the civil affairs of the Colony it was, therefore, logical
+that the plantations should elect their representatives to the local
+governing body. It was thus that the first freely elected parliament of
+a self-governing people in the Western World came into existence. Its
+principles were based on those of the corporation chartered and
+organized for profit by businessmen.
+
+The three charters here published, changed successively to meet changing
+conditions, were the rules and the by-laws for the commercial, economic,
+and political development of a homogeneous, industrious English society
+in a land of opportunity. The principal authors and executors of the
+charters, Sir Thomas Smith and Sir Edwin and George Sandys, were
+businessmen. They were practical men. They found a practical way to
+assemble capital and ability, and coordinate them in constructive
+enterprise.
+
+A hundred years before the great Virginia adventure, Luther, Erasmus,
+and Columbus rang down the curtain on the weary and confined drama of
+the Middle Ages. Expanding horizons challenged man's vision and
+intellect. Great courage made Englishmen adventurers in all things.
+
+The charters here presented are among the world's great documents. The
+first which was drawn while Sir Edward Coke was Lord Chief Justice is
+replete with certain traditional and feudal principles, reverence for
+the English common law and the supreme authority of the King and his
+agents. The second, principally the work of the liberal Sir Edwin Sandys
+with the approving participation of Sir Francis Bacon, great exponent of
+natural law, marks a transition from government by arbitrary royal
+authority to the concept that government rests on the consent of the
+governed and on the fundamental right of man to enjoy the fruits of his
+labor. Students may read in this charter the first principles of the
+American Constitution. The third charter is an attempt to refine
+principles enunciated in the second in the light of experience. In
+addition to its political significance, the second charter proved a
+tremendous stimulus to the Virginia enterprise.
+
+Gondomar, the Spanish Ambassador, wrote to his King that "fourteen
+Counts and Barons have given 40,000 ducats, the merchants give much more
+and there is no poor little man or woman who is not willing to subscribe
+something." The landed aristocracy, gentry, merchants, and yeomen had
+joined in a company which they directed to provide capital and ability
+for a great enterprise.
+
+The text of the three charters of the Virginia Company is taken from a
+contemporary copy recently discovered among the Chancery Rolls of the
+Public Record Office in London--contemporary enrollments "representing
+the official text of the charters kept in official custody," according
+to the Deputy Keeper, Mr. D. L. Evans. A photostatic copy of this
+manuscript is in possession of the Virginia State Library. Each charter
+was transcribed in England by Doctor Nellie J. M. Kerling for the
+editor's use.
+
+Heretofore scholars have had access to the charters only through the
+text in William Stith's _The History of the First Discovery and
+Settlement of Virginia_ (Williamsburg, Printed by William Parks, 1747),
+in sources based upon this, or in Alexander Brown's _The Genesis of the
+United States_ (Boston, 1890).
+
+No original of any of the charters is known to exist, although other
+copies of varying degrees of completeness have been located in England
+and on the continent. One copy, made with the authority of the Governor,
+Council, and House of Burgesses of the Colony, was used as evidence to
+support a petition against Lord Culpeper's land grants. This is included
+in the Henry Coventry papers in the library of the Marquess of Bath at
+Longleat, Wiltshire, England (Vol. LXXVI, _Papers relating to Virginia,
+Barbados, and other Colonies, 1606-1675_). These documents have been
+microfilmed by the American Council of Learned Societies, "British
+Manuscripts Project." Many of them will soon be published by the
+Virginia Historical Society under the editorship of Dr. W. E. Washburn.
+
+Another copy of the charters is in the Public Record Office, "Entry
+books of letters, commissions, instructions, charters, warrants,
+patents, grants, etc." (formerly "Record book No. LXXIX"), an abstract
+of which appears in the _Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series_,
+Vol. I. Microfilm copies of this text are in the Library of Congress and
+the Virginia State Library. Other copies have recently been discovered
+in France and Spain by Dr. George Reese who has been employed by the
+Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation to search foreign
+libraries for documentary material pertinent to the study of 17th
+century Virginia. Ultimately, microfilm copies of these records will be
+made available to research libraries in the United States.
+
+The seven accompanying documents, included to illustrate the practical
+rather than theoretical basis of the administration of the Colony, have
+been taken from the best available manuscript or printed source. These
+official papers, together with the three charters of the Virginia
+Company, may be termed the constitutions and are the basic sources for
+the study of the Colony during the first fifteen years of its existence.
+
+A few necessary liberties have been taken in transcribing these
+documents: abbreviations and contractions have been spelled out,
+capitalization and punctuation have been adjusted according to modern
+usage and, to prevent possible confusion, certain letters used
+interchangeably (such as "i" and "j", "v" and "u") are employed
+according to twentieth century practice. In the text of the three
+charters, omitted words or phrases have been supplied in brackets from
+the text in Stith. Brackets are also employed to supply the name of an
+adventurer if there is any deviation in spelling between Stith and the
+manuscript version: _e.g._, "Sir Charles Willmott, Knight [Wilmot]."
+
+This publication owes its issuance to the inspiration and leadership
+furnished by Dr. Earl G. Swem, Librarian Emeritus of the College of
+William and Mary. I should like also to acknowledge the faithful
+transcription of the text by Dr. Nellie J. N. Kerling, and the deep
+interest and active support of Dr. Gertrude R. B. Richards, who most
+patiently assisted in the transcription; also to Mr. Francis L.
+Berkeley, Jr., Archivist of the Alderman Library, University of Virginia
+and to Mr. John M. Jennings, Director of the Virginia Historical
+Society. To Mr. James A. Servies, Reference Librarian of the Library of
+William and Mary College, has fallen the arduous and difficult task of a
+comparative, detailed study of all the texts in the different versions.
+The printed text in these pages is from a typed copy by Mr. Servies,
+prepared with the most painstaking application, as the result of the
+comparison of copies transcribed by Dr. Kerling and Dr. Richards, and of
+the printed pages in Stith. The merit of an accurate and readable text
+must be ascribed to the industry and scholarly perception of Mr.
+Servies.
+
+
+                   SAMUEL M. BEMISS
+
+
+
+
+  THE THREE CHARTERS OF THE VIRGINIA
+  COMPANY OF LONDON
+
+
+
+
+THE FIRST CHARTER
+
+APRIL 10, 1606
+
+
+James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland, France, and
+Ireland, Defender of the Faith], etc. Whereas our loving and weldisposed
+subjects, Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Somers, Knightes; Richarde
+Hackluit, Clarke, Prebendarie of Westminster; and Edwarde Maria
+Winghfeilde,[1] Thomas Hannam and Raleighe Gilberde, Esquiers; William
+Parker and George Popham, Gentlemen; and divers others of our loving
+subjects, have been humble sutors unto us that wee woulde vouchsafe unto
+them our licence to make habitacion, plantacion and to deduce a colonie
+of sondrie of our people into that parte of America commonly called
+Virginia, and other parts and territories in America either appartaining
+unto us or which are not nowe actuallie possessed by anie Christian
+prince or people, scituate, lying and being all along the sea coastes
+between fower and thirtie degrees of northerly latitude from the
+equinoctiall line and five and fortie degrees of the same latitude and
+in the maine lande betweene the same fower and thirtie and five and
+fourtie degrees, and the ilandes thereunto adjacente or within one
+hundred miles of the coaste thereof;
+
+    [Footnote 1: Throughout, this and the following two names
+    are spelled as "Wingfield," "Hanham," and "Gilbert" in
+    Stith.]
+
+And to that ende, and for the more speedy accomplishemente of theire
+saide intended plantacion and habitacion there, are desirous to devide
+themselves into two severall colonies and companies, the one consisting
+of certaine Knightes, gentlemen, marchanntes and other adventurers of
+our cittie of London, and elsewhere, which are and from time to time
+shalbe joined unto them which doe desire to begin theire plantacions and
+habitacions in some fitt and conveniente place between fower and thirtie
+and one and fortie degrees of the said latitude all alongest the coaste
+of Virginia and coastes of America aforesaide; and the other consisting
+of sondrie Knightes, gentlemen, merchanntes, and other adventurers of
+our citties of Bristoll and Exeter, and of our towne of Plymouthe, and
+of other places which doe joine themselves unto that colonie which doe
+desire to beginn theire plantacions and habitacions in some fitt and
+convenient place betweene eighte and thirtie degrees and five and fortie
+degrees of the saide latitude all alongst the saide coaste of Virginia
+and America as that coaste lieth;
+
+Wee, greately commending and graciously accepting of theire desires to
+the furtherance of soe noble a worke which may, by the providence of
+Almightie God, hereafter tende to the glorie of His Divine Majestie in
+propagating of Christian religion to suche people as yet live in
+darkenesse and miserable ignorance of the true knoweledge and worshippe
+of God and may in tyme bring the infidels and salvages living in those
+parts to humane civilitie and to a setled and quiet govermente, doe by
+theise our lettres patents graciously accepte of and agree to theire
+humble and well intended desires;
+
+And doe, therefore, for us, our heires and successors, grannte and agree
+that the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sumers, Richarde Hackluit
+and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, adventurers of and for our cittie of
+London, and all suche others as are or shalbe joined unto them of that
+Colonie, shalbe called the Firste Colonie, and they shall and may
+beginne theire saide firste plantacion and seate of theire firste aboade
+and habitacion at anie place upon the saide coaste of Virginia or
+America where they shall thincke fitt and conveniente betweene the saide
+fower and thirtie and one and fortie degrees of the saide latitude; and
+that they shall have all the landes, woods, soile, groundes, havens,
+ports, rivers, mines, mineralls, marshes, waters, fishinges, commodities
+and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the said first seate of theire
+plantacion and habitacion by the space of fiftie miles of Englishe
+statute measure all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America
+towardes the weste and southe weste as the coaste lieth, with all the
+islandes within one hundred miles directlie over againste the same sea
+coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens, ports,
+rivers, mines, mineralls, woods, marrishes [marshes], waters, fishinges,
+commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the saide place of
+theire firste plantacion and habitacion for the space of fiftie like
+Englishe miles, all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America
+towardes the easte and northeaste [or toward the north] as the coaste
+lieth, together with all the islandes within one hundred miles directlie
+over againste the same sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, woodes,
+soile, groundes, havens, portes, rivers, mines, mineralls, marrishes,
+waters, fishinges, commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the
+same fiftie miles everie waie on the sea coaste directly into the maine
+lande by the space of one hundred like Englishe miles; and shall and may
+inhabit and remaine there; and shall and may alsoe builde and fortifie
+within anie the same for theire better safegarde and defence, according
+to theire best discrecions and the direction of the Counsell of that
+Colonie; and that noe other of our subjectes shalbe permitted or
+suffered to plante or inhabit behinde or on the backside of them
+towardes the maine lande, without the expresse licence or consente of
+the Counsell of that Colonie thereunto in writing firste had or
+obtained.
+
+And wee doe likewise for us, our heires and successors, by theise
+presentes grannte and agree that the saide Thomas Hannam and Raleighe
+Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and all others of the towne
+of Plymouthe in the countie of Devon, or elsewhere, which are or shalbe
+joined unto them of that Colonie, shalbe called the Seconde Colonie; and
+that they shall and may beginne theire saide firste plantacion and seate
+of theire first aboade and habitacion at anie place upon the saide
+coaste of Virginia and America, where they shall thincke fitt and
+conveniente, betweene eighte and thirtie degrees of the saide latitude
+and five and fortie degrees of the same latitude; and that they shall
+have all the landes, soile, groundes, havens, ports, rivers, mines,
+mineralls, woods, marishes, waters, fishinges, commodities and
+hereditaments whatsoever, from the firste seate of theire plantacion and
+habitacion by the space of fiftie like Englishe miles, as is aforesaide,
+all alongeste the saide coaste of Virginia and America towardes the
+weste and southwest, or towardes the southe, as the coaste lieth, and
+all the islandes within one hundred miles directlie over againste the
+saide sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens,
+portes, rivers, mines, mineralls, woods, marishes, waters, fishinges,
+commodities and hereditamentes whatsoever, from the saide place of
+theire firste plantacion and habitacion for the space of fiftie like
+miles all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America towardes the
+easte and northeaste or towardes the northe, as the coaste liethe, and
+all the islandes alsoe within one hundred miles directly over againste
+the same sea coaste; and alsoe all the landes, soile, groundes, havens,
+ports, rivers, woodes, mines, mineralls, marishes, waters, fishings,
+commodities and hereditaments whatsoever, from the same fiftie miles
+everie waie on the sea coaste, directlie into the maine lande by the
+space of one hundred like Englishe miles; and shall and may inhabit and
+remaine there; and shall and may alsoe builde and fortifie within anie
+the same for theire better saufegarde according to theire beste
+discrecions and the direction of the Counsell of that Colonie; and that
+none of our subjectes shalbe permitted or suffered to plante or inhabit
+behinde or on the backe of them towardes the maine lande without the
+expresse licence or consente of the Counsell of that Colonie, in writing
+thereunto, firste had and obtained.
+
+Provided alwaies, and our will and pleasure herein is, that the
+plantacion and habitacion of suche of the saide Colonies as shall laste
+plante themselves, as aforesaid, shall not be made within one hundred
+like Englishe miles of the other of them that firste beganne to make
+theire plantacion, as aforesaide.
+
+  [Illustration: Photo by T. L. Williams
+  King James I
+  from the painting by Paul Van Somer]
+
+And wee doe alsoe ordaine, establishe and agree for [us], our heires and
+successors, that eache of the saide Colonies shall have a Counsell which
+shall governe and order all matters and causes which shall arise, growe,
+or happen to or within the same severall Colonies, according to such
+lawes, ordinannces and instructions as shalbe in that behalfe, given and
+signed with our hande or signe manuell and passe under the Privie Seale
+of our realme of Englande; eache of which Counsells shall consist of
+thirteene parsons[2] and to be ordained, made and removed from time to
+time according as shalbe directed and comprised in the same
+instructions; and shall have a severall seale for all matters that shall
+passe or concerne the same severall Counsells, eache of which seales
+shall have the Kinges armes engraven on the one side there of and his
+pourtraiture on the other; and that the seale for the Counsell of the
+saide Firste Colonie shall have engraven rounde about on the one side
+theise wordes: Sigillum Regis Magne Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie; on
+the other side this inscripture rounde about: Pro Consillio Prime
+Colonie Virginie. And the seale for the Counsell of the saide Seconde
+Colonie shall alsoe have engraven rounde about the one side thereof the
+foresaide wordes: Sigillum Regis Magne Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie;
+and on the other side: Pro Consilio Secunde Colonie Virginie.
+
+    [Footnote 2: _i.e._, "persons"]
+
+And that alsoe ther shalbe a Counsell established here in Englande which
+shall in like manner consist of thirteen parsons to be, for that
+purpose, appointed by us, our heires and successors, which shalbe called
+our Counsell of Virginia; and shall from time to time have the superior
+managing and direction onelie of and for all matters that shall or may
+concerne the govermente, as well of the said severall Colonies as of and
+for anie other parte or place within the aforesaide precinctes of fower
+and thirtie and five and fortie degrees abovementioned; which Counsell
+shal in like manner have a seale for matters concerning the Counsell [or
+Colonies] with the like armes and purtraiture as aforesaide, with this
+inscription engraven rounde about the one side: Sigillum Regis Magne
+Britanie, Francie [et] Hibernie; and rounde about the other side: Pro
+Consilio Suo Virginie.
+
+And more over wee doe grannte and agree for us, our heires and
+successors, that the saide severall Counsells of and for the saide
+severall Colonies shall and lawfully may by vertue hereof, from time to
+time, without interuption of us, our heires or successors, give and take
+order to digg, mine and searche for all manner of mines of goulde,
+silver and copper, as well within anie parte of theire saide severall
+Colonies as of the saide maine landes on the backside of the same
+Colonies; and to have and enjoy the goulde, silver and copper to be
+gotten there of to the use and behoofe of the same Colonies and the
+plantacions thereof; yeilding therefore yerelie to us, our heires and
+successors, the fifte parte onelie of all the same goulde and silver and
+the fifteenth parte of all the same copper soe to be gotten or had, as
+is aforesaid, and without anie other manner of profitt or accompte to be
+given or yeilded to us, our heires or successors, for or in respecte of
+the same.
+
+And that they shall or lawfullie may establishe and cawse to be made a
+coine, to passe currant there betwene the people of those severall
+Colonies for the more ease of traffique and bargaining betweene and
+amongest them and the natives there, of such mettall and in such manner
+and forme as the same severall Counsells there shall limitt and
+appointe. And wee doe likewise for us, our heires and successors, by
+theise presents give full power and auctoritie to the said Sir Thomas
+Gates, Sir George Sumers, Richarde Hackluit, Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde,
+Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and
+to everie of them, and to the saide severall Companies, plantacions and
+Colonies, that they and everie of them shall and may at all and everie
+time and times hereafter have, take and leade in the saide voyage, and
+for and towardes the saide severall plantacions and Colonies, and to
+travell thitherwarde and to abide and inhabit there in everie of the
+saide Colonies and plantacions, such and somanie of our subjectes as
+shall willinglie accompanie them, or anie of them, in the saide voyages
+and plantacions, with sufficiente shipping and furniture of armour,
+weapon, ordonnance, powder, victall, and all other thinges necessarie
+for the saide plantacions and for theire use and defence there: provided
+alwaies that none of the said parsons be such as hereafter shalbe
+speciallie restrained by us, our heires or successors.
+
+Moreover, wee doe by theise presents, for us, our heires and successors,
+give and grannte licence unto the said Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George
+Sumers, Richarde Hackluite, Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, Thomas Hannam,
+Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and to everie of
+the said Colinies, that they and everie of them shall and may, from time
+to time and at all times for ever hereafter, for theire severall
+defences, incounter or expulse, repell and resist, aswell by sea as by
+lande, by all waies and meanes whatsoever, all and everie suche parson
+and parsons as without espiciall licence of the said severall Colonies
+and plantacions shall attempte to inhabit within the saide severall
+precincts and limitts of the saide severall Colonies and plantacions, or
+anie of them, or that shall enterprise or attempt at anie time hereafter
+the hurte, detrimente or annoyance of the saide severall Colonies or
+plantacions.
+
+Giving and grannting by theise presents unto the saide Sir Thomas Gates,
+Sir George Somers, Richarde Hackluite, and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde,
+and theire associates of the said Firste Colonie, and unto the said
+Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and
+theire associates of the saide Second Colonie, and to everie of them
+from time to time and at all times for ever hereafter, power and
+auctoritie to take and surprize by all waies and meanes whatsoever all
+and everie parson and parsons with theire shipps, vessels, goods and
+other furniture, which shalbe founde traffiqueing into anie harbor or
+harbors, creeke, creekes or place within the limitts or precincts of the
+saide severall Colonies and plantacions, not being of the same Colonie,
+untill such time as they, being of anie realmes or dominions under our
+obedience, shall paie or agree to paie to the handes of the Tresorer of
+the Colonie, within whose limitts and precincts theie shall soe
+traffique, twoe and a halfe upon anie hundred of anie thing soe by them
+traffiqued, boughte or soulde; and being stranngers and not subjects
+under our obeysannce, untill they shall paie five upon everie hundred of
+suche wares and commoditie as theie shall traffique, buy or sell within
+the precincts of the saide severall Colonies wherein theie shall soe
+traffique, buy or sell, as aforesaide; which sommes of money or
+benefitt, as aforesaide, for and during the space of one and twentie
+yeres nexte ensuing the date hereof shalbe whollie imploied to the use,
+benefitt and behoofe of the saide severall plantacions where such
+trafficque shalbe made; and after the saide one and twentie yeres ended
+the same shalbe taken to the use of us, our heires and successors by
+such officer and minister as by us, our heires and successors shalbe
+thereunto assigned or appointed.
+
+And wee doe further, by theise presentes, for us, our heires and
+successors, give and grannte unto the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George
+Sumers, Richarde Hachluit, and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, and to theire
+associates of the saide Firste Colonie and plantacion, and to the saide
+Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George Popham, and
+theire associates of the saide Seconde Colonie and plantacion, that
+theie and everie of them by theire deputies, ministers and factors may
+transport the goods, chattells, armor, munition and furniture, needfull
+to be used by them for theire saide apparrell, defence or otherwise in
+respecte of the saide plantacions, out of our realmes of Englande and
+Irelande and all other our dominions from time to time, for and during
+the time of seaven yeres nexte ensuing the date hereof for the better
+releife of the said severall Colonies and plantacions, without anie
+custome, subsidie or other dutie unto us, our heires or successors to be
+yeilded or paide for the same.
+
+Alsoe wee doe, for us, our heires and successors, declare by theise
+presentes that all and everie the parsons being our subjects which shall
+dwell and inhabit within everie or anie of the saide severall Colonies
+and plantacions and everie of theire children which shall happen to be
+borne within the limitts and precincts of the said severall Colonies and
+plantacions shall have and enjoy all liberties, franchises and immunites
+within anie of our other dominions to all intents and purposes as if
+they had been abiding and borne within this our realme of Englande or
+anie other of our saide dominions.
+
+Moreover our gracious will and pleasure is, and wee doe by theise
+presents, for us, our heires and successors, declare and sett forthe,
+that if anie parson or parsons which shalbe of anie of the said Colonies
+and plantacions or anie other, which shall trafficque to the saide
+Colonies and plantacions or anie of them, shall at anie time or times
+hereafter transporte anie wares, marchandize or commodities out of [any]
+our dominions with a pretence and purpose to lande, sell or otherwise
+dispose the same within anie the limitts and precincts of anie of the
+saide Colonies and plantacions, and yet nevertheles being at the sea or
+after he hath landed the same within anie of the said Colonies and
+plantacions, shall carrie the same into any other forraine countrie with
+a purpose there to sell or dispose of the same without the licence of
+us, our heires or successors in that behalfe first had or obtained, that
+then all the goods and chattels of the saide parson or parsons soe
+offending and transporting, together with the said shippe or vessell
+wherein suche transportacion was made, shall be forfeited to us, our
+heires and successors.
+
+Provided alwaies, and our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby
+declare to all Christian kinges, princes and estates, that if anie
+parson or parsons which shall hereafter be of anie of the said severall
+Colonies and plantacions, or anie other, by his, theire, or anie of
+theire licence or appointment, shall at anie time or times hereafter
+robb or spoile by sea or by lande or doe anie acte of unjust and
+unlawfull hostilitie to anie the subjects of us, our heires or
+successors, or anie of the subjects of anie king, prince, ruler,
+governor or state being then in league or amitie with us, our heires or
+successors, and that upon suche injurie or upon juste complainte of such
+prince, ruler, governor or state or their subjects, wee, our heires or
+successors, shall make open proclamation within anie the ports of our
+realme of Englande, commodious for that purpose, that the saide parson
+or parsons having committed anie such robberie or spoile shall, within
+the terme to be limitted by suche proclamations, make full restitucion
+or satisfaction of all suche injuries done, soe as the saide princes or
+others soe complained may houlde themselves fully satisfied and
+contented; and that if the saide parson or parsons having committed such
+robberie or spoile shall not make or cause to be made satisfaction
+accordingly with[in] such time soe to be limitted, that then it shalbe
+lawfull to us, our heires and successors to put the saide parson or
+parsons having committed such robberie or spoile and theire procurers,
+abbettors or comfortors out of our allegeannce and protection; and that
+it shalbe lawefull and free for all princes and others to pursue with
+hostilitie the saide offenders and everie of them and theire and everie
+of theire procurers, aiders, abbettors and comforters in that behalfe.
+
+And finallie wee doe, for us, our heires and successors, grannte and
+agree, to and with the saide Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sumers,
+Richarde Hackluit and Edwarde Maria Winghfeilde, and all other of the
+saide Firste Colonie, that wee, our heires or successors, upon peticion
+in that behalfe to be made, shall, by lettres patents under the Greate
+[Seale] of Englande, give and grannte unto such parsons, theire heires
+and assignees, as the Counsell of that Colonie or the most part of them
+shall for that purpose nomminate and assigne, all the landes, tenements
+and hereditaments which shalbe within the precincts limitted for that
+Colonie, as is aforesaid, to be houlden of us, our heires and successors
+as of our mannor of Eastgreenwiche in the countie of Kente, in free and
+common soccage onelie and not in capite.
+
+And doe, in like manner, grannte and agree, for us, our heires and
+successors, to and with the saide Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberd,
+William Parker and George Popham, and all others of the saide Seconde
+Colonie, that wee, our heires [and] successors, upon petition in that
+behalfe to be made, shall, by lettres patentes under the Great Seale of
+Englande, give and grannte unto such parsons, theire heires and
+assignees, as the Counsell of that Colonie or the most parte of them
+shall for that purpose nomminate and assigne, all the landes, tenementes
+and hereditaments which shalbe within the precinctes limitted for that
+Colonie as is afore said, to be houlden of us, our heires and successors
+as of our mannor of Eastgreenwich in the countie of Kente, in free and
+common soccage onelie and not in capite.
+
+All which landes, tenements and hereditaments soe to be passed by the
+saide severall lettres patents, shalbe, by sufficient assurances from
+the same patentees, soe distributed and devided amongest the undertakers
+for the plantacion of the said severall Colonies, and such as shall make
+theire plantacion in either of the said severall Colonies, in such
+manner and forme and for such estates as shall [be] ordered and sett
+[downe] by the Counsell of the same Colonie, or the most part of them,
+respectively, within which the same lands, tenements and hereditaments
+shall ly or be. Althoughe expresse mencion [of the true yearly value or
+certainty of the premises, or any of them, or of any other gifts or
+grants, by us or any our progenitors or predecessors, to the aforesaid
+Sir Thomas Gates, Knt. Sir George Somers, Knt. Richard Hackluit,
+Edward-Maria Wingfield, Thomas Hanham, Ralegh Gilbert, William Parker,
+and George Popham, or any of them, heretofore made, in these presents,
+is not made; or any statute, act, ordnance, or provision, proclamation,
+or restraint, to the contrary hereof had, made, ordained, or any other
+thing, cause, or matter whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.] In
+witnesse wherof [we have caused these our letters to be made patents;]
+witnesse our selfe at Westminister the xth day of Aprill [1606, in the
+fourth year of our reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of
+Scotland the nine and thirtieth.]
+
+                   [Lukin]
+
+         Exactum per breve de private sigillo [etc.]
+
+P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1709; Stith, Appendix, pp. 1-8;
+Hening's _Statutes_, Vol. I, pp. 57-66.
+
+
+
+
+ARTICLES, INSTRUCTIONS AND ORDERS
+
+
+
+
+NOVEMBER 20, 1606
+
+
+    Articles, instructions and orders made, sett down and
+    established by us the twentieth day of November, in the year
+    of our raigne of England, France and Ireland the fourth and
+    of Scotland the fortieth, for the good order and government
+    of the two several Colonies and plantations to be made by
+    our loving subjects in the country commonly called Virginia
+    and America, between 34 and 45 degrees from the aequinoctial
+    line.
+
+Wheras wee, by our letters pattents under our Great Seale of England
+bearing date att Westminster the tenth day of Aprill in the year of our
+raigne of England, France and Ireland the fourth and of Scotland the
+39th, have given lycence to sundry our loving subjects named in the said
+letters pattents, and to their associates, to deduce and conduct two
+several Collonies or plantations of sundry our loving people willing to
+abide and inhabit in certaine parts of Virginia and America, with divers
+preheminences, priviledges, authorities and other things, as in and by
+the same letters pattents more particularly it appeareth; wee, according
+to the effect and true meaning of the same letters pattents, doe by
+these presents, signed with our hand, signe manuel and sealed with our
+Privy Seale of our realme of England, establish and ordaine that our
+trusty and welbeloved Sir William Wade, Knight, our Lieutanant of our
+Tower of London; Sir Thomas Smith, Knight; Sir Walter Cope, Knight; Sir
+George Moor, Knight; Sir Francis Popeham, Knight; Sir Ferdinando Gorges,
+Knight; Sir John Trevor, Knight; Sir Henry Montague, Knight, Recorder of
+the citty of London; Sir William Rumney, Knight; John Dodderidge, Esq.,
+Solliciter General; Thomas la Warr, Esq.; John Eldred, of the citty of
+London, merchant; Thomas James, of the citty of Bristol, merchant; and
+James Bagge, of Plymouth, in the county of Devonshire, merchant; shall
+be our Councel for all matters which shall happen in Virginia or any the
+territories of America between 34 and 45 degrees from the aequinoctial
+line northward and the islands to the several Collonies limitted and
+assigned; and that they shal be called the King's Councel of Virginia,
+which Councel or the most part of them shal have full power and
+authority att our pleasure, in our name and under us, our heires and
+successors, to give directions to the Councels of the several Colonies
+which shal be within any part of the said country of Virginia and
+America within the degrees first above mentioned, with the islands
+aforesaid, for the good government of the people to be planted in those
+parts and for the good ordering and disposing of all causes happening
+within the same (and the same to be done for the substance thereof as
+neer to the common lawes of England and the equity thereof as may be)
+and to passe under our scale app[ointed][3] for that Councel, which
+Councel and every or any of them shall from time to [time] be increased,
+altered or changed and others put in their places att the [nomi]nation
+of us, our heires and successors and att our and their will and
+plea[sure]; and the same Councel of Virginia or the more part of them,
+for the time bei[ng], shall nominate and appoint the first several
+Councellours of those several Councells which are to be appointed for
+those two several Colonies whi[ch are] to be made plantations in
+Virginia and America between the degrees [before] mentioned, according
+to our said letters pattents in that behalfe made; and that each of the
+same Councels of the same several Colonies shal, by the major part of
+them, choose one of the same Councel, not being the minister of God's
+word, to be President of the same Councel and to continue in that office
+by the space of one whole year, unlesse he shall in the mean time dye or
+be removed from that office; and wee doe further hereby establish &
+ordaine that it shal be lawful for the major part of either of the said
+Councells, upon any just cause, either absence or otherwise, to remove
+the President or any other of that Councel from being either President
+or any of that Councel, and upon the deathes or removal of any of the
+Presidents or Councel it shal be lawfull for the major part of that
+Councel to elect another in the place of the party soe dying or removed,
+soo alwaies as they shal not be above thirteen of either of the said
+Councellours; and wee doe establish & ordaine that the President shal
+not continue in his office of Presidentship above the space of one year;
+and wee doe especially ordaine, charge and require the said Presidents
+and Councells and the ministers of the said several Colonies
+respectively, within their several limits and precincts, that they with
+all diligence, care and respect doe provide that the true word and
+service of God and Christian faith be preached, planted and used, not
+only within every of the said several Colonies and plantations but alsoe
+as much as they may amongst the salvage people which doe or shall
+adjoine unto them or border upon them, according to the doctrine, rights
+and religion now professed and established within our realme of England;
+and that they shall not suffer any person or persons to withdrawe any of
+the subjects or people inhabiting or which shall inhabit within any of
+the said several Colonies and plantations from the same or from their
+due allegiance unto us, our heires and successors, as their immediate
+soveraigne under God; and if they shall find within any of the said
+Colonies and plantations any person or persons soe seeking to withdrawe
+any of the subjects of us, our heires or successors, or any of the
+people of those lands or territories within the precincts aforesaid,
+they shall with all diligence him or them soe offending cause to be
+apprehended, arrested and imprisoned until he shall fully and throughly
+reforme himselfe, or otherwise, when the cause soe requireth, that he
+shall withall convenient speed be sent into our realme of England, here
+to receive condigne punishment for his or their said offence or
+offences; and moreover wee doe hereby ordaine and establish for us, our
+heires and successors that all the lands, tenements and hereditaments to
+be had and enjoyed by any of our subjects with the precincts aforesaid
+shal be had and inherited and injoyed according as in the like estates
+they be had & enjoyed by the lawes within this realme of England; and
+that the offences of tumults, rebellion, conspiracies, mutiny and
+seditions in those parts which maybe dangerous to the estates there,
+together with murther, manslaughter, incest, rapes and adulteries
+committed in those parts within the precincts of any the degrees above
+mentioned (and noe other offences) shal be punished by death, and that
+without the benefit of the clergy except in case of manslaughter, in
+which clergie is to be allowed; and that the said several Presidents and
+Councells and the greater number of them within every of the several
+limits and precincts shall have full power and authority to hear and
+determine all and every the offences aforesaid within the precinct of
+their several Colonies, in manner and forme following, that is to say,
+by twelve honest and indifferent persons sworne upon the Evangelists, to
+be returned by such ministers and officers, as every of the said
+Presidents and Councells, or the most part of them respectively, shall
+assigne; and the twelve persons soe returned and sworne shall, according
+to their evidence to be given unto them upon oath and according to the
+truth in their consciences, either convict or acquit every of the said
+persons soe to be accused & tried by them; and that all and every person
+or persons which shall voluntarily confesse any of the said offences to
+be committed by him shall, upon such his confession thereof, be
+convicted of the same as if he had been found guilty of the same by the
+verdict of any such twelve jurors, as is aforesaid; and that every
+person and persons which shall be accused of any of the said offences
+and which shall stand mute or refusing to make direct answer thereunto,
+shall be and be held convicted of the said offence as if he had been
+found guilty by the verdict of such twelve jurors, as aforesaid; and
+that every person and persons soe convicted either by verdict, his own
+confession or by standing mute or by refusing directly to answer as
+aforesaid of any of the offences before mentioned, the said Presidents
+or Councells, or the greatest number of them within their several
+precincts and limitts where such conviction shall be had and made, as
+aforesaid, shall have full power and authority by these presents to give
+judgment of death upon every such offended [offender] without the
+benefit of the clergy, except only in cause of manslaughter, and noe
+person soe adjudged, attainted or condemned shall be reprived from the
+execution of the said judgment without the consent of the said President
+and Councel, or the most part of them by whom such judgment shall be
+given; and that noe person shal receive any pardon or be absolutely
+discharged of any the said offences for which he shall be condemned to
+death, as aforesaid, but by pardon of us, our heires and successors,
+under the Great Seale of England; and wee doe in like manner establish
+and ordaine if any either of the said Collonies shall offend in any of
+the offences before mentioned, within any part between the degrees
+aforesaid, out of the precincts of his or their Collony, that then every
+such offender or offenders shall be tried and punished as aforesaid
+within his or their proper Colony; and that every the said Presidents
+and Councells, within their several limits and precincts and the more
+part of them, shall have power and authority by these presents to hear
+and determine all and every other wrongs, trespasses, offences and
+misdemeanors whatsoever, other than those before mentioned, upon
+accusation of any person and proofe thereof made by sufficient witnesse
+upon oath; and that in all those cases the said President and Councel,
+and the greater number of them, shall have power and authority by these
+presents respectively, as is aforesaid, to punish the offender or
+offenders, either by reasonable corporal punishment and imprisonment or
+else by a convenient fine, awarding damages, or other satisfaction to
+the party grieved, as to the said President & Councel or to the more
+part of them shall be thought fitt and convenient, having regard to the
+quality of the offence or state of the cause; and that alsoe the said
+President & Councel shall have power and authority by virtue of these
+presents to punish all manner of excesse, through drunkennesse or
+otherwaies, and all idle, loytering and vagrant persons which shall be
+found within their several limits and precincts, according to their best
+discretions and with such convenient punishment as they or the most part
+of them shall think fitt; alsoe our will and pleasure [is], concerning
+the judicial proceedings aforesaid, that the same shall be made and done
+summarily and verbally without writing until it come to the judgment or
+sentence, and yet, neverthelesse, our will and pleasure is that every
+judgment and sentence hereafter to be given in any of the causes
+aforesaid, or in any other of the said several Presidents and Councells
+or the greater number of them within their several limits and precincts,
+shall be breifely and summarily registred into a book to be kept for
+that purpose, together with the cause for which the said judgment or
+sentence was given; and that the said judgment and sentence soe
+registered and written shall be subscribed with the hands or names of
+the said President and Councel or such of them as gave the judgment or
+sentence; alsoe our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby establish
+and ordaine that the said several Collonies and plantations, and every
+person and persons of the same, severally and respectively, shall within
+every of their several precincts for the space of five years next after
+their first landing upon the said coast of Virginia and America, trade
+together all in one stocke, or devideably but in two or three stocks att
+the most, and bring not only all the fruits of their labours there but
+alsoe all such other goods and commodities which shall be brought out of
+England or any other place into the same Collonies, into severall
+magazines or storehouses for that purpose to be made and erected there,
+and that in such order, manner and form as the Councel of that Collony
+or the more part of them shall sett downe and direct; and our will and
+pleasure is and wee doe in like manner ordaine that in every of the said
+Collonies and plantations there shall be chosen three, elected yearely
+by the President and Councell of every of the said several Colonies and
+plantations or the more part of them: one person of the same Colony and
+plantation to be Treasurer or Cape-merchant of the same Colony and
+plantation to take the charge and mannageinge of all such goods, wares
+and commodities which shall be brought into or taken out of the several
+magazines or storehouses, the same Treasurer or Cape-merchant to
+continue in his office by the space of one whole year next after his
+said election, unless he shall happen to dye within the said year or
+voluntarily give over the same or be removed for any just or reasonalbe
+cause; and that thereupon the same President and Councell or the most
+part of them shall have power and authority to elect him again or any
+other or others in his room or stead to continue in the same office as
+aforesaid; and that alsoe there shall be two or more persons of good
+discretion within every of the said Colonies and plantations elected and
+chosen yearely, during the said terme of five years, by the President
+and Councel of the same Collony or the most part of them respectively
+within their several limits and precincts, the one or more of them to
+keep a book in which shall be registred and entred all such goods, wares
+and merchandizes as shall be received into the several magazines or
+storehouses within that Colony, being appointed for that purpose, and
+the other to keep a like book wherein shall be registred all goods,
+wares and merchandizes which shall issue or be taken out of any the
+several magazines or storehouses of that Collony, which clarks shall
+continue in their said places but att the will of the President and
+Councel of that Colony whereof he is, or of the major part of them; and
+that every person of every the said several Colonies and plantations
+shall be furnished with all necessaries out of those several magazines
+or storehouses which shall belong to the said Colony and plantation in
+which that person is, for and during the terme and time of five yeares
+by the appointment, direction and order of the President and Councell
+there, or of the said Cape-merchant and two clerks or of the most part
+of them within the said several limits and precincts of the said
+Colonies and plantations; alsoe our will and pleasure is and wee doe
+hereby ordain that the adventurers of the said First Colony and
+plantation shall and may during the said terme of five years elect and
+choose out of themselves one or more Companies, each Company consisting
+of three persons att the least who shall be resident att or neer London,
+or such other place and places as the Councel of the Colony for the time
+being, or the most part of them, during the said five years shall think
+fitt, who shall there from time to time take charge of the trade and
+accompt of all such goods, wares, merchandizes and other things which
+shall be sent from thence to the Company of the same Colony or
+plantation in Virginia, and likewise of all such wares, goods and
+merchandizes as shall be brought from the said Colony or plantation unto
+that place within our realme of England, and of all things concerning
+the mannaging of the affaires and profits concerning the adventurors of
+that Company which shall soe passe out of or come into that place or
+port; and likewise our will and pleasure is that the adventurors in the
+said Second Colony and plantation shall and may, during the said terme
+of five years, elect out of themselves one or more Companies, each
+Company consisting of three persons att the least who shall be resident
+att or near Plymouth in our county of Devon within our realme of
+England, and att such one, two or three other places or ports as the
+Councel of that Colony or the most part of them shall think fitt, who
+shall there from time to time take care and charge of the trade &
+accompt of all such goods, wares, merchandizes and other things which
+shall be sent from thence to the same Colony and plantation in Virginia,
+and likewise of all such goods, wares and merchandizes as shall be
+brought from the said Colony and plantation in Virginia into our realme
+of England, and of all things concerning the mannaging of the affaires
+and profits of the adventurors of that Company; alsoe our will and
+pleasure is that noe person or persons shall be admitted into any of the
+said Colonies and plantations, there to abide and remaine, but such as
+shall take not only the usual oath of obedience to us, our heires and
+successors; but alsoe the oath which is limitted in the last session of
+Parliament, holden at Westminster in the fourth year of our raigne, for
+their due obedience unto us, our heires and successors, that the trade
+to and from any the Colonies aforesaid may be mannaged to and from such
+ports & places within our realme of England as is before in these
+articles intended, any thing set down heretofore to the contrary
+notwithstanding; and that the said President and Councel of each of the
+said Colonies, and the more part of them respectively, shall and may
+lawfully from time to time constitute, make and ordaine such
+constitutions, ordinances and officers for the better order, government
+and peace of the people of their several Collonies, soe alwaies as the
+same ordinances and constitutions doe not touch any party in life or
+member, which constitutions & ordinances shall stand and continue in
+full force untill the same shall be otherwise altered or made void by
+us, our heires or successors, or our or their Councel of Virginia, soe
+alwaies as the same alterations be such as may stand with and be in
+substance consonant unto the lawes of England or the equity thereof;
+furthermore, our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby determine and
+ordaine that every person and persons being our subjects of every the
+said Collonies and plantations shall from time to time well entreate
+those salvages in those parts and use all good meanes to draw the
+salvages and heathen people of the same several places and of the
+territories and countries adjoining to the true service and knowledge of
+God, and that all just, kind and charitable courses shall be holden with
+such of them as shall conforme themselves to any good and sociable
+traffique and dealing with the subjects of us, our heires and successors
+which shall be planted there, whereby they may be the sooner drawne to
+the true knowledge of God and the obedience of us, our heires and
+successors under such severe paines and punishments as shal be inflicted
+by the same several Presidents and Councells of the said several
+Colonies, or the most part of them, within their several limits and
+precincts, on such as shall offend therein or doe the contrary; and that
+as the said territories and countries of Virginia and America within the
+degrees aforesaid shall from time to time increase in plantation by our
+subjects, wee, our heires and successors will, ordaine and give such
+order and further instructions, lawes, constitutions and ordinances for
+the better rule, order and government of such as soe shall make
+plantations there as to us, our heires and successors shall from time to
+time be thought fitt & convenient, which alwaies shall be such as may
+stand with or be in substance consonant unto the lawes of England or the
+equity thereof; and lastly wee doe ordaine and establish for us, our
+heires and successors that such oath shall be taken by each of our
+Councellors here for Virginia, concerning their place and office of
+Councell, as by the Privy Councell of us, our heires and successors of
+this our realme of England shall be in that behalf limited & appointed;
+and that each Councellor of the said Colonies shall take such oath for
+the execution of their place and office of Councel as by the Councel of
+us, our heires and successors here in England, for Virginia, shall in
+that behalfe be limited and appointed; and aswell those several articles
+and instructions herein mentioned and contained as alsoe all such as by
+virtue hereof shall hereafter be made and ordained, shall as need shall
+require, by the advice of our Councel here for Virginia be transcripted
+over unto the said several Councells of the said several Colonies under
+the seale to be ordained for our said Councell here for Virginia; In
+witnesses &c.
+
+  [Illustration: GREAT SEAL OF JAMES I.
+  (A.D. 1603-1625.)
+  Photo by T. L. Williams]
+
+Virginia State Library, "Patents, No. 2, 1643-1651"; Hening, Vol. I, pp.
+67-75.
+
+    [Footnote 3: The following words or letters missing from the
+    manuscript have been supplied from the text in Hening.]
+
+
+
+
+ORDINANCE AND CONSTITUTION
+
+
+
+
+MARCH 9, 1607
+
+
+    An ordinance and constitution enlarging the number of our
+    Councel for the two several Colonies and plantations in
+    Virginia and America between 34 and 45 degrees of northerly
+    latitude, and augmenting their authority for the better
+    directing and ordering of such things as shall concerne the
+    said Colonies.
+
+James, by the grace of God, &c. Whereas wee, by our letters patents
+under our Great Seale of England bearing date the tenth day of April
+last past, have given licence to sundry our loving subjects named in the
+said letters patents and to their associates to deduce and conduct two
+several Colonies or plantations of sundry our loving people willing to
+abide and inhabit in certaine parts of Virginia and America with divers
+preheminences, priviledges, authorities and other things, as in and by
+the said letters patents more particularly it appeareth; and whereas
+wee, according to the effect and true meaning of the said letters
+patents, have by a former instrument, signed with our hand and signe
+manuel and sealed with our Privy Seal of our realme of England,
+established and ordained that our trusty and welbeloved Sir William
+Wade, Knight, our Lieutanant of our Tower of London; Sir Thomas Smith,
+Knight; Sir Walter Cope, Knight; Sir George Moor, Knight; Sir Francis
+Popeham, Knight; Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Knight; Sir John Trevor, Knight;
+Sir Henry Montague, Knight, Recorder of our citty of London; Sir William
+Rumney, Knight; John Dodderidge, Esqr., our Solicitor General; Thomas
+Warr, Esq.; John Eldred, of our city of London, merchant; Thomas James,
+of our citty of Bristol, merchant; and James Bagge, of Plymouth in our
+county of Devon, merchant; should be our Councel for all matters which
+should happen in Virginia or any the territories of America aforesaid,
+or any actions, businesse or causes for and concerning the same, which
+Councel is from time to time to be encreased, altered or changed att the
+nomination of us, our heires and successors, and att our and their will
+and pleasure; & whereas our said Councel have found by experience their
+number being but fourteen in all and most of them dispersed by reason of
+their several habitations far and remote the one from the other, and
+many of them in like manner far remote from our citty of London where,
+if need require, they may receive directions from us and our Privy
+Councel and from whence instructions and directions may be by them left
+and more readily given for the said Colonies; that when very needful
+occasion requireth there cannot be any competent number of them by any
+meanes be drawne together for consultation; for remedy whereof our said
+loving subjects of the several Colonies aforesaid have been humble
+suitors unto us and have to that purpose offered to our Royal
+consideration the names of certaine sage and discreet persons, & having
+with like humility entreated us that the said persons, or soe many of
+them as to us should seem good, might be added unto them and might
+(during our pleasure) be of our Councel for the foresaid Colonies of
+Virginia; wee therefore for the better establishing, disposing,
+orderring and directing of the said several Colonies within the degrees
+aforesaid, and of all such affaires, matters and things as shall touch
+and concerne the same, doe, by these presents signed with our hand and
+signe manuel and sealed with our Privy Seale of our realme of England,
+establish and ordaine that our trusty and welbeloved Sir Thomas
+Challonor, Knight; Sir Henry Nevil, Knight; Sir Fulks Grevil, Knight;
+Sir John Scot, Knight; Sir Robert Mansfield, Knight; Sir Oliver Cromwel,
+Knight; Sir Morrice Berkeley, Knight; Sir Edward Michelbourne, Knight;
+Sir Thomas Holcroft, Knight; Sir Thomas Smith, Knight, Clerk of our
+Privy Councel; Sir Robert Kelligrew, Knight; Sir Robert Croft, Knight;
+Sir George Copping, Knight; Sir Edwyn Sandys, Knight; Sir Thomas Row,
+Knight; and Sir Anthony Palmer, Knight; nominated unto us by and on the
+behalfe of the said First Colony; Sir Edward Hungerford, Knight; Sir
+John Mallet, Knight; Sir John Gilbert, Knight; Sir Thomas Freale,
+Knight; Sir Richard Hawkings, Knight; Sir Bartholomew Mitchel, Knight;
+Edward Seamour, Esq.; Bernard Greenville, Esq.; Edward Rogers, Esq.; and
+Matthew Sutcliffe, Doctor of Divinity; nominated to us by and on the
+behalfe of the said Second Colony, shall together with the persons
+formerly named, be our Councel for all matters which shall or may
+conduct to the aforesaid plantations or which shall happen in Virginia
+or any the territories of America between 34 & 45 degrees of northerly
+latitude from the aequinoctial line and the islands to the several
+Colonies limited and assigned, that is to say, the First Colony from 34
+to 41 degrees of the said latitude, and the Second Colony between 38 and
+45 degrees of the said latitude. And our further will and pleasure is,
+and by these presents for us, our heires and successors wee doe grant
+unto our said Councel of Virginia, that they or any twelve of them att
+the least, for the time being, whereof six att the least to be members
+of one of the said Colonies, and six more att the least to be members of
+the other Colony, shall have full power and authority to ordaine,
+nominate, elect and choose any other person or persons att their
+discretion to be and to serve as officer or officers to all offices and
+places that shall by them be thought fitt and requisite for the
+businesse and affaires of our said Councel and concerning the plantation
+or plantations aforesaid, and for the summoning, calling and assembling
+of the said Councel together when need shall require, or for summoning
+and calling before the said Councel any of the adventurors or others
+which shall passe on unto the said several Colonies to inhabit or to
+traffick there, or any other such like officer or officers which in time
+shall or may be found of use, behoofe or importance unto the Councel
+aforesaid. [And the said Council or any twelve of them as is aforesaid
+shall have full power and authority from time to time to continue or to
+alter or change the said officers and to elect and appoint others in
+their roomes and places, to make and ordain acts and ordinances for the
+better ordering, disposing and marshalling of the said several Colonies
+and the several adventurers or persons going to inhabit in the same
+several Colonies, or of any provision or provisions for the same, or for
+the direction of the officers aforesaid, or for the making of them to be
+subordinate or under jurisdiction one of another, and to do and execute
+all and every of their act and things which by any our grants or letters
+patents heretofore made they are warranted or authorised to do or
+execute so as always none of the said acts and ordinances or other
+things be contrary or repugnant to the true intent and meaning of our
+said letters patents granted for the plantation of the said several
+Colonies in Virginia and territories of America as aforesaid, or
+contrary to the laws and statutes in this our realm of England, or in
+derogation of our prerogative royal. Witness ourself at Westminster the
+ninth day of March (1607) in the year of our reign of England, France
+and Ireland the fourth, and of Scotland the fortieth, &c.][4]
+
+Virginia State Library, "Patents, No. 2, 1643-1651"; Hening, Vol. I, pp.
+76-79.
+
+    [Footnote 4: Bracketed passage supplied from text in Hening.]
+
+
+
+
+THE SECOND CHARTER
+
+
+
+
+MAY 23, 1609
+
+
+James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland, France and
+Ireland, defender of the faith, etc.] To all [to whom these presents
+shall come, greeting.]
+
+Whereas, at the humble suite and request of sondrie oure lovinge and
+well disposed subjects intendinge to deduce a colonie and to make
+habitacion and plantacion of sondrie of oure people in that parte of
+America comonlie called Virginia, and other part and territories in
+America either apperteyninge unto us or which are not actually possessed
+of anie Christian prince or people within certaine bound and regions,
+wee have formerly, by oure lettres patents bearinge date the tenth of
+Aprill in the fourth yeare of oure raigne of England, Fraunce, and
+Ireland, and the nine and thirtieth of Scotland, graunted to Sir Thomas
+Gates, Sir George Somers and others, for the more speedie accomplishment
+of the said plantacion and habitacion, that they shoulde devide
+themselves into twoe collonies--the one consistinge of divers Knights,
+gentlemen, merchaunts and others of our cittie of London, called the
+First Collonie; and the other of sondrie Knights, gentlemen and others
+of the citties of Bristoll, Exeter, the towne of Plymouth, and other
+places, called the Seccond Collonie--and have yielded and graunted maine
+and sondrie priviledges and liberties to each Collonie for their quiet
+setlinge and good government therein, as by the said lettres patents
+more at large appeareth.
+
+Nowe, forasmuch as divers and sondrie of oure lovinge subjects, as well
+adventurers as planters, of the said First Collonie (which have alreadie
+engaged them selves in furtheringe the businesse of the said plantacion
+and doe further intende by the assistance of Almightie God to prosecute
+the same to a happie ende) have of late ben humble suiters unto us that,
+in respect of their great chardeges and the adventure of manie of their
+lives which they have hazarded in the said discoverie and plantacion of
+the said countrie, wee woulde be pleased to graunt them a further
+enlargement and explanacion of the said graunte, priviledge and
+liberties, and that suche counsellors and other officers maie be
+appointed amonngest them to manage and direct their affaires [as] are
+willinge and readie to adventure with them; as also whose dwellings are
+not so farr remote from the cittye of London but that they maie at
+convenient tymes be readie at hande to give advice and assistance upon
+all occacions requisite.
+
+We, greatlie affectinge the effectual prosecucion and happie successe of
+the said plantacion and comendinge their good desires theirin, for their
+further encouragement in accomplishinge so excellent a worke, much
+pleasinge to God and profitable to oure Kingdomes, doe, of oure speciall
+grace and certeine knowledge and meere motion, for us, oure heires and
+successors, give, graunt and confirme to oure trustie and welbeloved
+subjects,
+
+  Robert, Earle of Salisburie [Salisbury][5]
+  Thomas, Earle of Suffolke [Suffolk]
+  Henrie, Earle of Southampton
+  William, Earle of Pembroke
+  [Henrie], Earle of Lincolne [Lincoln]
+  Henrie, Earle of Dorsett [Dorset]
+  Thomas, Earle of Exeter
+  Phillipp, Earle of Mountgommery
+  Robert, Lord Vicount Lisle
+  Theophilus, Lord Howard of Walden
+  James Mountague, Lord Bishopp of Bathe and Wells
+  Edward, Lord Zouche
+  Thomas, Lord Lawarr
+  Wiliam, Lord Mounteagle
+  Raphe, Lord Ewre
+  Edmond, Lord Sheffeild [Sheffield]
+  Grey, Lord Shandis [Chandois]
+  [Grey], Lord Compton
+  John, Lord Petre
+  John, Lord Stanhope
+  George, Lord Carew
+  Sir Humfrey Welde, Lord Mayor of London [Weld]
+  George Pertie, Esquire [Percie]
+  Sir Edward Cecill, Knight [Cecil]
+  Sir George Wharton, Knight
+  Frauncis West, Esquire
+  Sir William Waade, Knight [Wade]
+  Sir Henrie Nevill, Knight [Nevil]
+  Sir Thomas Smithe, Knight [Smith]
+  Sir Oliver Cromwell, Knight
+  Sir Peter Manwood, Knight
+  Sir Dru Drurie, Knight [Drury]
+  Sir John Scott, Knight [Scot]
+  Sir Thomas Challouer, Knight [Challoner]
+  Sir Robert Drurie, Knight [Drury]
+  Sir Anthonye Cope, Knight
+  Sir Horatio Veere, Knight [Vere]
+  Sir Edward Conwaie, Knight [Conway]
+  Sir William Browne [Brown]
+  Sir Maurice Barkeley, Knight [Berkeley]
+  Sir Roberte Maunsell, Knight [Mansel]
+  Sir Amias Presou, Knight [Preston]
+  Sir Thomas Gates, Knight
+  Sir Anthonie Ashley, Knight [Ashly]
+  Sir Michaell Sandes, Knight [Sandys]
+  Sir Henrie Carew, Knight [Carey]
+  Sir Stephen Soame, Knight
+  Sir Calisthenes Brooke, Knight
+  Sir Edward Michelborne, Knight [Michelborn]
+  Sir John Racliffe, Knight [Ratcliffe]
+  Sir Charles Willmott, Knight [Wilmot]
+  Sir George Moore, Knight [Moor]
+  Sir Hugh Wirrall, Knight [Wirral]
+  Sir Thomas Dennys, Knight [Dennis]
+  Sir John Hollis, Knight [Holles]
+  Sir William Godolphin, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Monnson, Knight [Monson]
+  Sir Thomas Ridgwaie, Knight [Ridgwine]
+  Sir John Brooke, Knight
+  Sir Roberte Killigrew, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Peyton, Knight
+  Sir Richard Williamson, Knight
+  Sir Ferdinando Weynman, Knight
+  Sir William St. John, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Holcrofte, Knight [Holcroft]
+  Sir John Mallory, Knight
+  Sir Roger Ashton, Knight
+  Sir Walter Cope, Knight
+  Sir Richard Wigmore, Knight
+  Sir William Cooke, Knight [Coke]
+  Sir Herberte Crofte, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Faushawe, Knight [Fanshaw]
+  Sir John Smith, Knight
+  Sir Francis Wolley, Knight
+  Sir Edward Waterhouse, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Sekeford, Knight [Seekford]
+  Sir Edward Saudes, Knight[6] [Edwin Sandys]
+  Sir Thomas Wayneman, Knight [Waynam]
+  Sir John Trevor, Knight
+  Sir Warrwick Heale, Knight [Heele]
+  Sir Robert Wroth, Knight
+  Sir John Townnesende, Knight [Townsend]
+  Sir Christopher Perkins, Knight
+  Sir Daniell Dun, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Hobarte, Knight [Hobart]
+  Sir Franncis Bacon, Knight
+  Sir Henrie Mountague, Knight [Montague]
+  Sir Georg Coppin, Knight
+  Sir Samuell Sandes, Knight [Sandys]
+  Sir Thomas Roe, Knight
+  Sir George Somers, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Freake, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Horwell, Knight [Harwell]
+  Sir Charles Kelke, Knight
+  Sir Baptist Hucks, Knight [Hicks]
+  Sir John Watts, Knight
+  Sir Roberte Carey, Knight
+  Sir William Romney, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Middleton, Knight
+  Sir Hatton Cheeke, Knight
+  Sir John Ogle, Knighte
+  Sir Cavallero Meycot, Knight
+  Sir Stephen Riddlesden, Knight [Riddleson]
+  Sir Thomas Bludder, Knight
+  Sir Anthonie Aucher, Knight
+  Sir Robert Johnson, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Panton, Knight
+  Sir Charles Morgan, Knight
+  Sir Stephen Powle, Knight [Pole]
+  Sir John Burlacie, Knight
+  Sir Christofer Cleane, Knight [Cleave]
+  Sir George Hayward, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Dane, Knight [Davis]
+  Sir Thomas Dutton, Knight [Sutton]
+  Sir Anthonie Forrest, Knight [Forest]
+  Sir Robert Payne, Knight
+  Sir John Digby, Knight
+  Sir Dudley Diggs, Knight [Digges]
+  Sir Rowland Cotton, Knight
+  Doctour Mathewe Rutcliffe [Sutcliffe]
+  Doctor Meddowes [Meadows]
+  Doctor Turner
+  Doctor Poe
+  Captaine Pagnam
+  Captaine Jeffrey Holcrofte
+  Captaine Raunne [Romney]
+  Captaine Henrie Spry
+  Captaine Shelpton [Shelton]
+  Captaine Spark [Sparks]
+  [Captain] Thomas Wyatt [Wyat]
+  Captaine Brinsley
+  Captaine William Courtney
+  Captaine Herbert
+  Captaine Clarke
+  Captaine Dewhurst
+  Captaine John Blundell
+  Captaine Frier [Fryer]
+  Captaine Lewis Orwell
+  Captaine Edward Lloyd [Loyd]
+  Captaine Slingesby
+  Captaine Huntley [Hawley]
+  Captaine Orme
+  Captaine Woodhouse
+  Captaine Mason
+  Captaine Thomas Holcroft
+  Captaine John Cooke [Coke]
+  Captaine Hollis [Holles]
+  Captaine William Proude
+  Captaine Henrie Woodhouse
+  Captaine Richard Lindeley [Lindesey]
+  Captaine Dexter
+  Captaine William Winter
+  Captaine Herle [Pearse]
+  Captain John Bingham
+  Captaine Burray
+  Captaine Thomas Conwey [Conway]
+  Captaine Rookwood
+  Captaine William Lovelace
+  Captaine John Ashley
+  Captaine Thomas Wynne
+  Captaine Thomas Mewtis
+  Captaine Edward Harwood
+  Captaine Michaell Evered [Everard]
+  Captaine Connoth [Comock]
+  Captaine Miles [Mills]
+  Captaine Pigott [Pigot]
+  Captaine Edward Maria Wingfeild [Wingfield]
+  Captaine Christopher Newporte [Newport]
+  Captaine John Siclemore, alias Ratcliffe [Sicklemore]
+  Captaine John Smith
+  Captyn John Martyn [Martin]
+  Captaine Peter Wynne
+  Captaine Waldoe [Waldo]
+  Captyn Thomas Wood
+  Captaine Thomas Button
+  George Bolls, Esquire, Sheriffe of London
+  William Crashawe, [Clerk], Bachelor of Divinite
+  William Seabright, Esquire
+  Christopher Brook, Esquire
+  John Bingley, Esquire
+  Thomas Watson, Esquire
+  Richard Percivall, Esquire [Percival]
+  John Moore, Esquire
+  Hugh Brooker, Esquire
+  David Waterhouse, Esquire [Woodhouse]
+  Anthonie Auther, Esquier [Aucher]
+  Roberte Bowyer, Esquire [Boyer]
+  Raphe Ewens, Esquire
+  Zacharie Jones, Esquire
+  George Calvert, Esquire
+  William Dobson, Esquire
+  Henry Reynold, Esquire [Reynolds]
+  Thomas Walker, Esquire
+  Anthonie Barnars, Esquire
+  Thomas Sandes, Esquire [Sandys]
+  Henrie Sand, Esquire [Sandys]
+  Richard Sand [Sandys]
+  Sonne of Sir Edwin Sandes [Sandys]
+  William Oxenbridge, Esquire
+  John Moore, Esquire
+  Thomas Wilson, Esquire
+  John Bullocke, Esquire [Bullock]
+  John Waller, [Esquire]
+  Thomas Webb
+  Jehughe Robinson
+  William Brewster
+  Robert Evelyn
+  Henrie Dabenie [Danby]
+  Richard Hacklewte, minister [Hackluit]
+  John Eldred, marchaunt [Eldrid]
+  William Russell, marchaunt
+  John Merrick, marchaunt
+  Richard Bannester, merchant [Banister]
+  Charles Anthonie, goldsmithe [Anthony]
+  John Banck [Banks]
+  William Evans
+  Richard Humble
+  Robert Chamberleyne, marchaunt [Richard Chamberlayne]
+  Thomas Barber, marchaunt
+  Richard Pevyrell, merchaunt [Pomet]
+  John Fletcher, merchant
+  Thomas Nicholls, merchant
+  John Stoak, merchaunt [Stoke]
+  Gabriell Archer
+  Franncis Covell [Covel]
+  William Bouham [Bonham]
+  Edward Harrison
+  John Wolstenholme
+  Nicholas Salter
+  Hugh Evans
+  William Barners [Barnes]
+  Otho Mawdett [Mawdet]
+  Richard Staper, marchant
+  John Elkin, marchaunt
+  William Cayse [Coyse]
+  Thomas Perkin, cooper
+  Humfrey Ramell, cooper [Humphrey James]
+  Henry Jackson
+  Roberte Shingleton [Singleton]
+  Christopher Nicholls
+  John Harper
+  Abraham Chamberlaine [Chamberlayne]
+  Thomas Shipton
+  Thomas Carpenter
+  Anthoine Crewe [Crew]
+  George Holman
+  Robert Hill
+  Cleophas Smithe [Smith]
+  Raphe Harrison
+  John Farmer
+  James Brearley
+  William Crosley [Crosby]
+  Richard Cocks [Cox]
+  John Gearinge [Gearing]
+  Richard Strough, iremonnger [Strongarm]
+  Thomas Langton
+  Griffith Hinton
+  Richard Ironside
+  Richard Deane [Dean]
+  Richard Turner
+  William Leveson, mercer [Lawson]
+  James Chatfeilde [Chatfield]
+  Edward Allen [Edward Allen Tedder]
+  Tedder Roberts[7]
+  Heldebrand Sprinson [Robert Hildebrand Sprinson]
+  Arthur Mouse
+  John Gardener [Gardiner]
+  James Russell [Russel]
+  Richard Casewell [Caswell]
+  Richard Evanns [Evans]
+  John Hawkins
+  Richard Kerrill [Kerril]
+  Richard Brooke
+  Mathewe Scrivener, gentleman [Screvener]
+  William Stallendge, gentleman [Stallenge]
+  Arthure Venn, gentleman
+  Saund Webb, gentleman [Sandys Webbe]
+  Michaell Phettiplace, gentleman
+  William Phetiplace, gentleman [Phettiplace]
+  Ambrose Brusey, gentleman [Prusey]
+  John Taverner, gentleman
+  George Pretty, gentleman
+  Peter Latham, gentleman
+  Thomas Monnford, gentleman [Montford]
+  William Cautrell, gentleman [Cantrel]
+  Richard Wiffine, gentleman [Wiffin]
+  Raphe Mooreton, gentleman [Moreton]
+  John Cornellis [Cornelius]
+  Martyn Freeman
+  Raphe Freeman
+  Andreau Moore
+  Thomas White
+  Edward Perkin
+  Robert Offley
+  Thomas Whitley
+  George Pitt [Pit]
+  Roberte Parkehurste [Parkhurst]
+  Thomas Morris
+  Peter Vaulore [Harloe]
+  Jeffrey Duppa
+  John Gilbert
+  William Hancock
+  Mathew Bromrigg [Brown]
+  Francis Tirrell[Tyrrel]
+  Randall Carter
+  Othowell Smithe [Smith]
+  Thomas Honnyman [Hamond]
+  Marten Bonde, haberdasher [Bond]
+  Joan Mousloe [John Moulsoe]
+  Roberte Johnson
+  William Younge [Young]
+  John Woddall [Woodal]
+  William Felgate
+  Humfrey Westwood
+  Richard Champion
+  Henrie Robinson
+  Franncis Mapes
+  William Sambatch [Sambach]
+  Rauley Crashawe [Ralegh Crashaw]
+  Daniell Tucker
+  Thomas Grave
+  Hugh Willestone
+  Thomas Culpepper, of Wigsell, Esquire
+  John Culpepper, gentleman
+  Henrie Lee
+  Josias Kirton, gentleman [Kerton]
+  John Porie, gentleman [Pory]
+  Henrie Collins
+  George Burton
+  William Atkinson
+  Thomas Forrest [Forest]
+  John Russell [Russel]
+  John Houlte [Holt]
+  Harman Harrison
+  Gabriell Beedell [Beedel]
+  John Beedell [Beedel]
+  Henrie Dankes [Dawkes]
+  George Scott [Scot]
+  Edward Fleetewood, gentleman [Fleetwood]
+  Richard Rogers, gentleman
+  Arthure Robinson
+  Robert Robinson
+  John Huntley
+  John Grey [Gray]
+  William Payne
+  William Feilde [Field]
+  William Wattey
+  William Webster
+  John Dingley
+  Thomas Draper
+  Richard Glanvile [Glanvil]
+  Arnolde Lulls [Hulls]
+  Henrie Rowe [Roe]
+  William Moore [More]
+  Nicholas Grice [Gryce]
+  James Monnger [Monger]
+  Nicholas Andrewes [Andrews]
+  Jerome Haydon, iremonnger [Jeremy Haydon]
+  Phillipp Durrant [Philip Durette]
+  John Quales [Quarles]
+  John West
+  Mathew Springeham [Springham]
+  John Johnson
+  Christopher Hore
+  George Barkeley
+  Thomas Sued [Snead]
+  George Barkeley [Berkeley]
+  Arthure Pett [Pet]
+  Thomas Careles
+  William Barkley [Berkley]
+  Thomas Johnson
+  Alexander Bent [Bents]
+  Captaine William Kinge [King]
+  George Sandes, gentleman [Sandys]
+  James White, gentleman
+  Edmond Wynn [Wynne]
+  Charles Towler
+  Richard Reynold
+  Edward Webb
+  Richard Maplesden
+  Thomas Levers [Lever]
+  David Bourne
+  Thomas Wood
+  Raphe Hamer
+  Edward Barnes, mercer
+  John Wright, mercer
+  Robert Middleton
+  Edward Litsfeild [Littlefield]
+  Katherine West
+  Thomas Webb [Web]
+  Raphe Kinge [King]
+  Roberte Coppine [Coppin]
+  James Askewe
+  Christopher Nicholls [Christopher Holt]
+  William Bardwell
+  Alexander Childe [Chiles]
+  Lewes Tate
+  Edward Ditchfeilde [Ditchfield]
+  James Swifte
+  Richard Widdowes, goldesmith
+  Edmonde Brundell[8] [Brudenell]
+  John Hanford [Hansford]
+  Edward Wooller
+  William Palmer, haberdasher
+  John Badger
+  John Hodgson
+  Peter Monnsill [Mounsel]
+  John Carrill [Carril]
+  John Busbridge [Bushridge]
+  William Dunn [Dun]
+  Thomas Johnson
+  Nicholas Benson
+  Thomas Shipton
+  Nathaniell Wade
+  Randoll Wettwood [Wetwood]
+  Mathew Dequester
+  Charles Hawkins
+  Hugh Hamersley
+  Abraham Cartwright
+  George Bennett [Bennet]
+  William Cattor [Cater]
+  Richard Goddart
+  Henrie Cromwell
+  Phinees Pett [Pet]
+  Roberte Cooper[9]
+  Henrie Neite [Newce]
+  Edward Wilks [Wilkes]
+  Roberte Bateman
+  Nicholas Farrar
+  John Newhouse
+  John Cason
+  Thomas Harris, gentleman
+  George Etheridge, gentleman
+  Thomas Mayle, gentleman
+  Richard Stratford [Stafford]
+  Thomas
+  Richard Cooper
+  John Westrowe [Westrow]
+  Edward Welshe [Welch]
+  Thomas Brittanie [Britain]
+  Thomas Knowls [Knowles]
+  Octavian Thorne
+  Edmonde Smyth [Smith]
+  John March
+  Edward Carew
+  Thomas Pleydall
+  Richard Lea [Let]
+  Miles Palmer
+  Henrie Price
+  John Josua, gentleman [Joshua]
+  William Clawday [Clauday]
+  Jerome Pearsye
+  John Bree, gentleman
+  William Hampson
+  Christopher Pickford
+  Thomas Hunt
+  Thomas Truston
+  Christopher Lanman [Salmon]
+  John Haward, clerke [Howard]
+  Richarde Partridge
+  Allen Cotton [Cassen]
+  Felix Wilson
+  Thomas Colethurst [Bathurst]
+  George Wilmer
+  Andrew Wilmer
+  Morrice Lewellin
+  Thomas Jedwin [Godwin]
+  Peter Burgoyne
+  Thomas Burgoyne
+  Roberte Burgoyne
+  Roberte Smithe, merchauntaylor [Smith]
+  Edward Cage, grocer
+  Thomas Canon, gentleman [Cannon]
+  William Welby, stacioner
+  Clement Wilmer, gentleman
+  John Clapham, gentleman
+  Giles Fraunces, gentleman [Francis]
+  George Walker, sadler
+  John Swinehowe, stacioner [Swinhow]
+  Edward Bushoppe, stacioner [Bishop]
+  Leonard White, gentleman
+  Christopher Barron [Baron]
+  Peter Benson
+  Richard Smyth [Smith]
+  George Prockter, minister [Proctor]
+  Millicent Ramesden, widowe [Ramsdent]
+  Joseph Soane
+  Thomas Hinshawe [Hinshaw]
+  John Baker
+  Robert Thorneton [Thornton]
+  John Davies [Davis]
+  Edward Facett [Facet]
+  George Nuce, gentleman [Newce]
+  John Robinson
+  Captaine Thomas Wood
+  William Browne, shoemaker [Brown]
+  Roberte Barker, shoemaker
+  Roberte Penington [Pennington]
+  Francis Burley, minister
+  William Quick, grocer
+  Edward Lewes, grocer [Lewis]
+  Laurence Campe, draper
+  Aden Perkins, grocer
+  Richard Shepparde, preacher [Shepherd]
+  William Sheckley, haberdasher [Sherley]
+  William Tayler, haberdasher [Taylor]
+  Edward Lukyn, gentleman [Edwin Lukin]
+  John Francklyn, haberdasher [Franklyn]
+  John Southicke [Southwick]
+  Peter Peate
+  George Johan, iremonnger
+  George Yardley, gentleman [Yeardley]
+  Henrie Shelly [Shelley]
+  John Pratt [Prat]
+  Thomas Church, draper
+  William Powell, gentleman [Powel]
+  Richard Frithe, gentleman [Frith]
+  Thomas Wheeler, draper
+  Franncis Hasilerigg, gentleman [Haselrig]
+  Hughe Shippley, gentleman [Shipley]
+  John Andrewes, thelder, [doctor], of Cambridge [Andrews]
+  Franncis Whistley, gentleman [Whistler]
+  John Vassall, gentleman
+  Richard Howle
+  Edward Barkeley, gentleman [Berkeley]
+  Richard Knerisborough, gentleman [Keneridgburg]
+  Nicholas Exton, draper
+  William Bennett, fishmonger [Bennet]
+  James Hawood, marchaunt [Haywood]
+  Nicholas Isaak, merchaunt [Isaac]
+  William Gibbs, merchannt
+  [William] Bushopp [Bishop]
+  Barnard Michell [Mitchel]
+  Isaake Michell [Isaac Mitchel]
+  John Streat [Streate]
+  Edward Gall
+  John Marten, gentleman [Martin]
+  Thomas Fox
+  Luke Lodge
+  John Woodleefe, gentleman [Woodliffe]
+  Rice Webb [Richard]
+  Vincent Lowe [Low]
+  Samuell Burnam [Burnham]
+  Edmonde Pears, haberdasher
+  Josua Goudge [John Googe]
+  John St. John
+  Edwarde Vaughan
+  William Dunn
+  Thomas Alcock [Alcocke]
+  John Andrewes, the younger, of Cambridge [Andrews]
+  Samuell Smithe [Smith]
+  Thomas Jerrard [Gerrard]
+  Thomas Whittingham
+  William Cannynge [Canning]
+  Paule Caminge [Canning]
+  George Chaudler [Chandler]
+  Henrye Vincent
+  Thomas Ketley
+  James Skelton
+  James Montain [Mountaine]
+  George Webb, gentleman
+  Josephe Newbroughesmith [Joseph Newbridge, smith]
+  Josias Mande [Mand]
+  Raphe Haman, the younger [Hamer]
+  Edward Brewster, the sonne of William Brewster
+  Leonard Harwood, mercer
+  Phillipp Druerdent
+  William Carpenter
+  Tristram Hill
+  Roberte Cock, grocer
+  Laurence Grene, grocer [Greene]
+  Daniell Winche, grocer [Samuel Winch]
+  Humfrey Stile, grocer
+  Averie Dransfeild, grocer [Dransfield]
+  Edwarde Hodges, grocer
+  Edward Beale, grocer[10]
+  Raphe Busby, grocer[11]
+  John Whittingham, grocer
+  John Hide, grocer
+  Mathew Shipperd, grocer [Shepherd]
+  Thomas Allen, grocer
+  Richard Hooker, grocer
+  Laurence Munckas, grocer [Munks]
+  John Tanner, grocer
+  Peter Gate, grocer
+  John Blunt, grocer[12]
+  Roberte Berrisford, grocer[13]
+  Thomas Wells, gentleman[14]
+  John Ellis, grocer
+  Henrie Colthurst, grocer
+  John Cranage, grocer [Cavady]
+  Thomas Jenings, grocer [Jennings]
+  Edmond Peshall, grocer [Pashall]
+  Timothie Bathurst, grocer
+  Gyles Parslowe, grocer[15] [Parslow]
+  Roberte Johnson, grocer [Richard]
+  William Janson, vintener [Johnson]
+  Ezechiell Smith
+  Richard Murrettone [Martin]
+  William Sharpe
+  Roberte Ritche [Rich]
+  William Stannerd, inholder [Stannard]
+  John Stocken
+  William Strachey, gentleman
+  George Farmer, gentleman
+  Thomas Gypes, clothworker
+  Abraham Dawes, gentleman [Davies]
+  Thomas Brockett, gentleman [Brocket]
+  George Bathe, fishmonger [Bache]
+  John Dike, fishmonger
+  Henrie Spranger
+  Richard Farringdon [Farrington]
+  Chistopher Vertue, vintener
+  Thomas Baley, vintener [Bayley]
+  George Robins, vintener
+  Tobias Hinson, grocer
+  Urian Spencer [Vrian]
+  Clement Chachelley [Chicheley]
+  John Searpe, gentleman [Scarpe]
+  James Cambell, iremonnger [Campbell]
+  Christopher Clitherowe, iremonnger [Clitheroe]
+  Phillipp Jacobson
+  Peter Jacobson, of Andwarpe
+  William Barckley [Berkeley]
+  Miles Banck, cutler [Banks]
+  Peter Highley, grocer [Higgons]
+  Henrie John, gentleman
+  John Stoakley, merchauntailor [Stokeley]
+  The companie of mercers
+  The companie of grocers
+  The companie of drapers
+  The company of fishmongers
+  The companie of gouldsmithes
+  The companie of skynners
+  The companie merchauntailors
+  The companie of haberdashers
+  The companie of salters
+  The companie of iremongers
+  The companie of vintners
+  The companie of clothworkers
+  The companie of dyers
+  The companie of bruers
+  The companie of lethersellers
+  The companie of pewterers
+  The companie of cutlers
+  The companie of whitebakers
+  The companie of waxchaundlers
+  The companie of tallowe chaundlers
+  The companie of armorers
+  The companie of girdlers
+  The companie of butchers
+  The companie of sadlers
+  The companie of carpenters
+  The companie of cordwayners
+  The companie of barbor chirurgions
+  The companie of painter stayners
+  The companie of curriers
+  The companie of masons
+  The companie of plumbers
+  The companie of inholders
+  The companie of founders
+  The companie of poulterers
+  The companie of cookes
+  The companie of coopers
+  The companie of tylers and bricklayers
+  The companie of bowyers
+  The companie of fletchers
+  The companie of blacksmithes
+  The companie of joyners
+  The companie of weavers
+  The companie of wollmen
+  The companie of woodmonngers
+  The companie of scrivenors
+  The companie of fruterers
+  The companie of plasterers
+  The companie of brownebakers
+  The companie of stacioners
+  The companie of imbroderers
+  The companie of upholsters
+  The companie of musicions
+  The companie of turners[16]
+  The companie of baskettmakers
+  The companie of glasiers
+  John Levett, merchaunt [Levet]
+  Thomas Nornicott, clothworker [Nornicot]
+  Richard Venn, haberdasher
+  Thomas Scott, gentleman [Scot]
+  Thomas Juxson, merchauntaylor [Juxon]
+  George Hankinson
+  Thomas Leeyer, gentleman [Seyer]
+  Mathew Cooper
+  George Butler, gentleman
+  Thomas Lawson, gentleman
+  Edward Smith, haberdasher
+  Stephen Sparrowe
+  John Jones, merchaunt
+  [John] Reynold, brewer [Reynolds]
+  Thomas Plummer, merchaunt
+  James Duppa, bruer
+  Rowland Coytemore [Coitmore]
+  William Sotherne [Southerne]
+  George Whittmoore, haberdasher [Whitmore]
+  Anthonie Gosoulde, the younger [Gosnold]
+  John Allen, fishemonger
+  Symonde Yeomans, fishmonger [Simon]
+  Launcelot Davis, gentleman
+  John Hopkins, an alderman of Bristoll
+  John Kettlebye, gentleman [Kettleby]
+  Richard Chene, gouldsmithe [Clene]
+  George Hooker, gentleman
+  Roberte Shevinge, yeoman [Chening]
+
+    [Footnote 5: All names in brackets supplied from text in Stith.]
+
+    [Footnote 6: Stith's footnote: "The adventurers names are
+    vastly confused and different in the different M. S. copies
+    of this charter. I chose the two fairest and most correct
+    copies, that I met with, to transcribe from; and altho' they
+    both agree in writing this name, Sir _Edward Sands_, or
+    _Sandis_, yet they are both certainly wrong, as might be
+    easily proved, were it worth while, and would not be too
+    tedious. I was also much puzzled to adjust and set right
+    others of the names; and altho' I was at no small pains in
+    collating the copies, and in consulting and referring to
+    other ancient letters patents and papers, yet I will not
+    affirm that I am not often mistaken. But however erroneous
+    and perplexed the names of the adventurers may be, yet I
+    found the main body, and material parts of the charter, very
+    clear, full, and correct."]
+
+    [Footnote 7: Omitted from Stith.]
+
+    [Footnote 8: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "Edward Burwell."]
+
+    [Footnote 9: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "John Cooper."]
+
+    [Footnote 10: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "Thomas Culler, grocer."]
+
+    [Footnote 11: Name given twice in P. R. O. transcript.]
+
+    [Footnote 12: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "Robert Phips, grocer."]
+
+    [Footnote 13: Name given twice in P. R. O. transcript.]
+
+    [Footnote 14: Stith reads: "Thomas Wells, grocer."]
+
+    [Footnote 15: Between this name and that following Stith
+    adds: "Robert Milmay, grocer."]
+
+    [Footnote 16: Following this Stith adds: "The Company of
+    Gardiners."]
+
+And to such and so manie as they doe or shall hereafter admitt to be
+joyned with them, in forme hereafter in theis presentes expressed,
+whether they goe in their persons to be planters there in the said
+plantacion, or whether they goe not, but doe adventure their monyes,
+goods or chattels, that they shalbe one bodie or communaltie perpetuall
+and shall have perpetual succession and one common seale to serve for
+the saide bodie or communaltie; and that they and their successors
+shalbe knowne, called and incorporated by the name of The Tresorer and
+Companie of Adventurers and Planters of the Citty of London for the
+Firste Collonie in Virginia.
+
+And that they and their successors shalbe from hensforth, forever
+enabled to take, acquire and purchase, by the name aforesaid (licens for
+the same from us, oure heires or successors first had and obtained) anie
+manner of lands, tenements and hereditaments, goods and chattels, within
+oure realme of England and dominion of Wales; and that they and their
+successors shalbe likewise enabled, by the name aforesaid, to pleade and
+to be impleaded before anie of oure judges or justices, in anie oure
+courts, and in anie accions or suits whatsoever.
+
+And wee doe also, of oure said speciall grace, certaine knowledge and
+mere mocion, give, grannte and confirme unto the said Tresorer and
+Companie, and their successors, under the reservacions, limittacions and
+declaracions hereafter expressed, all those lands, countries and
+territories scituat, lieinge and beinge in that place of America called
+Virginia, from the pointe of lande called Cape or Pointe Comfort all
+alonge the seacoste to the northward twoe hundred miles and from the
+said pointe of Cape Comfort all alonge the sea coast to the southward
+twoe hundred miles; and all that space and circuit of lande lieinge from
+the sea coaste of the precinct aforesaid upp unto the lande,
+throughoute, from sea to sea, west and northwest; and also all the
+island beinge within one hundred miles alonge the coaste of bothe seas
+of the precincte aforesaid; togeather with all the soiles, groundes,
+havens and portes, mynes, aswell royall mynes of golde and silver as
+other mineralls, pearles and precious stones, quarries, woods, rivers,
+waters, fishings, comodities, jurisdictions, royalties, priviledges,
+franchisies and preheminences within the said territorie and the
+precincts there of whatsoever; and thereto or there abouts, both by sea
+and lande, beinge or in anie sorte belonginge or appertayninge, and
+which wee by oure lettres patents maie or cann graunte; and in as ample
+manner and sorte as wee or anie oure noble progenitors have heretofore
+graunted to anie companie, bodie pollitique or corporate, or to anie
+adventurer or adventurers, undertaker or undertakers, of anie
+discoveries, plantacions or traffique of, in, or into anie forraine
+parts whatsoever; and in as large and ample manner as if the same were
+herin particulerly mentioned and expressed: to have, houlde, possesse
+and enjoye all and singuler the said landes, countries and territories
+with all and singuler other the premisses heretofore by theis [presents]
+graunted or mencioned to be grannted, to them, the said Tresorer and
+Companie, their successors and assignes, forever; to the sole and proper
+use of them, the said Tresorer and Companie, their successors and
+assignes [forever], to be holden of us, oure heires and successors, as
+of oure mannour of Estgreenewich, in free and common socage and not in
+capite; yeldinge and payinge, therefore, to us, oure heires and
+successors, the fifte parte onlie of all oare of gould and silver that
+from tyme to time, and at all times hereafter, shalbe there gotton, had
+and obtained, for all manner of service.
+
+And, nevertheles, oure will and pleasure is, and wee doe by theis
+presentes chardge, commannde, warrant and auctorize, that the said
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors, or the major parte of them
+which shall be present and assembled for that purpose, shall from time
+to time under their common seale distribute, convey, assigne and set
+over such particuler porcions of lands, tenements and hereditaments, by
+theise presents formerly grannted, unto such oure lovinge subjects
+naturallie borne of denizens, or others, aswell adventurers as planters,
+as by the said Companie, upon a commission of survey and distribucion
+executed and retourned for that purpose, shalbe named, appointed and
+allowed, wherein oure will and pleasure is, that respect be had as well
+of the proporcion of the adventure[r] as to the speciall service,
+hazarde, exploite or meritt of anie person so as to be recompenced,
+advannced or rewarded.
+
+And for as muche as the good and prosperous successe of the said
+plantacion cannot but cheiflie depende, next under the blessinge of God
+and the supporte of oure royall aucthoritie, upon the provident and good
+direccion of the whole enterprise by a carefull and understandinge
+Counsell, and that it is not convenient that all the adventurers shalbe
+so often drawne to meete and assemble as shalbe requisite for them to
+have metings and conference aboute theire affaires, therefore we doe
+ordaine, establishe and confirme that there shalbe perpetually one
+Counsell here resident, accordinge to the tenor of oure former lettres
+patents, which Counsell shall have a seale for the better governement
+and administracion of the said plantacion besides the legall seale of
+the Companie or Corporacion, as in oure former lettres patents is also
+expressed.
+
+And further wee establishe and ordaine that
+
+  Henrie, Earl of Southampton
+  William, Earl of Pembrooke
+  Henrie, Earl of Lincoln
+  Thomas, Earl of Exeter
+  Roberte, Lord Viscounte Lisle
+  Lord Theophilus Howard
+  James, Lord Bishopp of Bathe and Wells
+  Edward, Lord Zouche
+  Thomas, Lord Laware
+  William, Lord Mounteagle
+  Edmunde, Lord Sheffeilde
+  Grey, Lord Shanndoys [Chandois][17]
+  John, Lord Stanhope
+  George, Lord Carew
+  Sir Humfrey Welde, Lord Mayor of London
+  Sir Edward Cecil
+  Sir William Waad [Wade]
+  Sir Henrie Nevill
+  Sir Thomas Smith
+  Sir Oliver Cromwell
+  Sir Peter Manwood
+  Sir Thomas Challoner
+  Sir Henrie Hovarte [Hobart]
+  Sir Franncis Bacon
+  Sir George Coppin
+  Sir John Scott
+  Sir Henrie Carey
+  Sir Roberte Drurie [Drury]
+  Sir Horatio Vere
+  Sir Eward Conwaye [Conway]
+  Sir Maurice Berkeley [Barkeley]
+  Sir Thomas Gates
+  Sir Michaele Sands [Sandys]
+  Sir Roberte Mansfeild [Mansel]
+  Sir John Trevor
+  Sir Amyas Preston
+  Sir William Godolphin
+  Sir Walter Cope
+  Sir Robert Killigrewe
+  Sir Henrie Faushawe [Fanshaw]
+  Sir Edwyn Sandes [Sandys]
+  Sir John Watts
+  Sir Henrie Montague
+  Sir William Romney
+  Sir Thomas Roe
+  Sir Baptiste Hicks
+  Sir Richard Williamson
+  Sir Stephen Powle [Poole]
+  Sir Dudley Diggs
+  Christopher Brooke, [Esq.]
+  John Eldred, and
+  John Wolstenholme
+
+shalbe oure Counsell for the said Companie of Adventurers and Planters
+in Virginia.
+
+    [Footnote 17: All names in brackets are taken from the text
+    in Stith.]
+
+And the said Sir Thomas Smith wee ordaine to be Tresorer of the said
+Companie, which Tresorer shall have aucthoritie to give order for the
+warninge of the Counsell and sommoninge the Companie to their courts and
+meetings.
+
+And the said Counsell and Tresorer or anie of them shalbe from
+henceforth nominated, chosen, contynued, displaced, chaunged, altered
+and supplied, as death or other severall occasions shall require, out of
+the Companie of the said adventurers by the voice of the greater parte
+of the said Counsell and adventurers in their assemblie for that
+purpose; provided alwaies that everie Councellor so newlie elected
+shalbe presented to the Lord Channcellor of England, or to the Lord
+Highe Treasurer of England, or the Lord Chambleyne of the housholde of
+us, oure heires and successors, for the tyme beinge to take his oathe of
+a Counsellor to us, oure heires and successors, for the said Companie
+and Collonie in Virginia.
+
+And wee doe by theis presents, of oure especiall grace, certaine
+knowledge and meere motion, for us, oure heires and successors, grannte
+unto the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors, that if it
+happen at anie time or times the Tresorer for the tyme beinge to be
+sick, or to have anie such cause of absente from the cittie of London as
+shalbe allowed by the said Counsell or the greater parte of them
+assembled, so as he cannot attende the affaires of that Companie, in
+everie such case it shall and maie be lawfull for such Tresorer for the
+tyme beinge to assigne, constitute and appointe one of the Counsell for
+Companie to be likewise allowed by the Counsell or the greater parte of
+them assembled to be the deputie Tresorer for the said Companie; which
+Deputie shall have power to doe and execute all things which belonge to
+the said Tresorer duringe such tyme as such Tresorer shalbe sick or
+otherwise absent, upon cause allowed of by the said Counsell or the
+major parte of them as aforesaid, so fullie and wholie and in as large
+and ample manner and forme and to all intents and purposes as the said
+Tresorer if he were present himselfe maie or might doe and execute the
+same.
+
+And further of oure especiall grace, certaine knowledge and meere
+mocion, for us, oure heires and successors, wee doe by theis presents
+give and grannt full power and aucthoritie to oure said Counsell here
+resident aswell at this present tyme as hereafter, from time to time, to
+nominate, make, constitute, ordaine and confirme by such name or names,
+stile or stiles as to them shall seeme good, and likewise to revoke,
+dischardge, channge and alter aswell all and singuler governors, oficers
+and ministers which alreadie hath ben made, as also which hereafter
+shalbe by them thought fitt and meedefull to be made or used for the
+government of the said Colonie and plantacion.
+
+And also to make, ordaine and establishe all manner of orders, lawes,
+directions, instructions, formes and ceremonies of government and
+magistracie, fitt and necessarie, for and concerninge the government of
+the said Colonie and plantacion; and the same att all tymes hereafter to
+abrogate, revoke or chaunge, not onely within the precincts of the said
+Colonie but also upon the seas in goeing and cominge to and from the
+said Collonie, as they in their good discrecions shall thinke to be
+fittest for [the] good of the adventurers and inhabiters there.
+
+And we doe also declare that for divers reasons and consideracions us
+thereunto especiallie moving, oure will and pleasure is and wee doe
+hereby ordaine that imediatlie from and after such time as anie such
+governour or principall officer so to be nominated and appointed by oure
+said Counsell for the governement of the said Colonie, as aforesaid,
+shall arive in Virginia and give notice unto the Collonie there resident
+of oure pleasure in this behalfe, the government, power and aucthority
+of the President and Counsell, heretofore by oure former lettres patents
+there established, and all lawes and constitucions by them formerlie
+made, shall utterly cease and be determined; and all officers,
+governours and ministers formerly constituted or appointed shalbe
+dischardged, anie thinge in oure said former lettres patents conserninge
+the said plantacion contayned in aniewise to the contrarie
+notwithstandinge; streightlie chardginge and commaundinge the President
+and Counsell nowe resident in the said Collonie upon their alleadgiance
+after knowledge given unto them of oure will and pleasure by theis
+presentes signified and declared, that they forth with be obedient to
+such governor or governers as by oure said Counsell here resident shalbe
+named and appointed as aforesaid; and to all direccions, orders and
+commandements which they shall receive from them, aswell in the present
+resigninge and giveinge upp of their aucthoritie, offices, chardg and
+places, as in all other attendannce as shalbe by them from time to time
+required.
+
+And wee doe further by theis presentes ordaine and establishe that the
+said Tresorer and Counsell here resident, and their successors or anie
+fower of them assembled (the Tresorer beinge one), shall from time to
+time have full power and aucthoritie to admitt and receive anie other
+person into their companie, corporacion and freedome; and further, in a
+generall assemblie of the adventurers, with the consent of the greater
+parte upon good cause, to disfranchise and putt oute anie person or
+persons oute of the said fredome and Companie.
+
+And wee doe also grannt and confirme for us, oure heires and successors
+that it shalbe lawfull for the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors, by direccion of the Governors there, to digg and to serche
+for all manner of mynes of goulde, silver, copper, iron, leade, tinne
+and other mineralls aswell within the precincts aforesaid as within anie
+parte of the maine lande not formerly graunted to anie other; and to
+have and enjoye the gould, silver, copper, iron, leade, and tinn, and
+all other mineralls to be gotten thereby, to the use and behoofe of the
+said Companie of Planters and Adventurers, yeldinge therefore and
+payinge yerelie unto us, oure heires and successors, as aforesaid.
+
+And wee doe further of oure speciall grace, certaine knowledge and meere
+motion, for us, oure heires and successors, grannt, by theis presents to
+and withe the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors, that it
+shalbe lawfull and free for them and their assignes at all and everie
+time and times here after, oute of oure realme of England and oute of
+all other [our] dominions, to take and leade into the said voyage, and
+for and towards the said plantacion, and to travell thitherwards and to
+abide and inhabite therein the said Colonie and plantacion, all such and
+so manie of oure lovinge subjects, or anie other straungers that
+wilbecomme oure lovinge subjects and live under oure allegiance, as
+shall willinglie accompanie them in the said voyadge and plantation with
+sufficient shippinge, armour, weapons, ordinannce, municion, powder,
+shott, victualls, and such merchaundize or wares as are esteemed by the
+wilde people in those parts, clothinge, implements, furnitures, catle,
+horses and mares, and all other thinges necessarie for the said
+plantation and for their use and defence and trade with the people
+there, and in passinge and retourninge to and from without yeldinge or
+payinge subsedie, custome, imposicion, or anie other taxe or duties to
+us, oure heires or successors, for the space of seaven yeares from the
+date of theis presents; provided, that none of the said persons be such
+as shalbe hereafter by speciall name restrained by us, oure heires or
+successors.
+
+And for their further encouragement, of oure speciall grace and favour,
+wee doe by theis present for us, oure heires and successors, yeild and
+graunte to and with the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors
+and everie of them, their factors and assignes, that they and every of
+them shalbe free and quiett of all subsedies and customes in Virginia
+for the space of one and twentie yeres, and from all taxes and
+imposicions for ever, upon anie goods or merchaundizes at anie time or
+times hereafter, either upon importation thither or exportation from
+thence into oure realme of England or into anie other of oure [realms
+or] dominions, by the said Tresorer and Companie and their successors,
+their deputies, factors [or] assignes or anie of them, except onlie the
+five pound per centum due for custome upon all such good and
+merchanndizes as shalbe brought or imported into oure realme of England
+or anie other of theis oure dominions accordinge to the auncient trade
+of merchannts, which five poundes per centum onely beinge paid, it
+shalbe thensforth lawfull and free for the said Adventurers the same
+goods [and] merchaundizes to export and carrie oute of oure said
+dominions into forraine partes without anie custome, taxe or other duty
+to be paide to us, oure heires or successors or to anie other oure
+officers or deputies; provided, that the saide goods and merchaundizes
+be shipped out within thirteene monethes after their first landinge
+within anie parte of those dominions.
+
+And wee doe also confirme and grannt to the said Tresorer and Companie,
+and their successors, as also to all and everie such governer or other
+officers and ministers as by oure said Counsell shalbe appointed, to
+have power and aucthoritie of governement and commannd in or over the
+said Colonie or plantacion; that they and everie of them shall and
+lawfullie maie from tyme to tyme and at all tymes forever hereafter, for
+their severall defence and safetie, enconnter, expulse, repell and
+resist by force and armes, aswell by sea as by land, and all waies and
+meanes whatsoever, all and everie such person and persons whatsoever as
+without the speciall licens of the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors shall attempte to inhabite within the said severall precincts
+and lymitts of the said Colonie and plantacion; and also, all and everie
+such person and persons whatsoever as shall enterprise, or attempte at
+anie time hereafter, destruccion, invasion, hurte, detriment or
+annoyannce to the said Collonye and plantacion, as is likewise specified
+in the said former grannte.
+
+And that it shalbe lawful for the said Tresorer and Companie, and their
+successors and everie of them, from time to time and at all times
+hereafter, and they shall have full power and aucthoritie, to take and
+surprise by all waies and meanes whatsoever all and everie person and
+persons whatsoever, with their shippes, goods and other furniture,
+traffiquinge in anie harbor, creeke or place within the limitts or
+precincts of the said Colonie and plantacion, [not] beinge[18] allowed
+by the said Companie to be adventurers or planters of the said Colonie,
+untill such time as they beinge of anie realmes or dominions under oure
+obedience shall paie or agree to paie, to the hands of the Tresorer or
+[of] some other officer deputed by the said governors in Virginia (over
+and above such subsedie and custome as the said Companie is or here
+after shalbe to paie) five poundes per centum upon all goods and
+merchaundizes soe brought in thither, and also five per centum upon all
+goods by them shipped oute from thence; and being straungers and not
+under oure obedience untill they have payed (over and above such
+subsedie and custome as the same Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors is or hereafter shalbe to paie) tenn pounds per centum upon
+all such goods, likewise carried in and oute, any thinge in the former
+lettres patents to the contrarie not withstandinge; and the same sommes
+of monie and benefitt as aforesaid for and duringe the space of one and
+twentie yeares shalbe wholie imploied to the benefitt and behoof of the
+said Colonie and plantacion; and after the saide one and twentie yeares
+ended, the same shalbe taken to the use of us, oure heires or
+successors, by such officer and minister as by us, oure heires or
+successors, shalbe thereunto assigned and appointed, as is specified in
+the said former lettres patents.
+
+    [Footnote 18: Stith's footnote: "It is _and being_ in the
+    original; but the sense carried me so clearly to it, that I
+    ventured to make this correction, letting the reader at the
+    same time know it."]
+
+Also wee doe, for us, oure heires and successors, declare by theis
+presents, that all and everie the persons beinge oure subjects which
+shall goe and inhabit within the said Colonye and plantacion, and everie
+of their children and posteritie which shall happen to be borne within
+[any] the lymitts thereof, shall have [and] enjoye all liberties,
+franchesies and immunities of free denizens and naturall subjects within
+anie of oure other dominions to all intents and purposes as if they had
+bine abidinge and borne within this oure kingdome of England or in anie
+other of oure dominions.
+
+And forasmuch as it shalbe necessarie for all such our lovinge subjects
+as shall inhabitt within the said precincts of Virginia aforesaid to
+determine to live togither in the feare and true woorshipp of Almightie
+God, Christian peace and civill quietnes, each with other, whereby
+everie one maie with more safety, pleasure and profitt enjoye that where
+unto they shall attaine with great paine and perill, wee, for us, oure
+heires and successors, are likewise pleased and contented and by theis
+presents doe give and graunte unto the said Tresorer and Companie and
+their successors and to such governors, officers and ministers as
+shalbe, by oure said Councell, constituted and appointed, accordinge to
+the natures and lymitts of their offices and places respectively, that
+they shall and maie from time to time for ever hereafter, within the
+said precincts of Virginia or in the waie by the seas thither and from
+thence, have full and absolute power and aucthority to correct, punishe,
+pardon, governe and rule all such the subjects of us, oure heires and
+successors as shall from time to time adventure themselves in anie
+voiadge thither or that shall at anie tyme hereafter inhabitt in the
+precincts and territorie of the said Colonie as aforesaid, accordinge to
+such order, ordinaunces, constitution, directions and instruccions as by
+oure said Counsell, as aforesaid, shalbe established; and in defect
+thereof, in case of necessitie according to the good discretions of the
+said governours and officers respectively, aswell in cases capitall and
+criminall as civill, both marine and other, so alwaies as the said
+statuts, ordinannces and proceedinges as neere as convenientlie maie be,
+be agreable to the lawes, statutes, government and pollicie of this oure
+realme of England.
+
+And we doe further of oure speciall grace, certeine knowledge and mere
+mocion, grant, declare and ordaine that such principall governour as
+from time to time shall dulie and lawfullie be aucthorised and
+appointed, in manner and forme in theis presents heretofore expressed,
+shall [have] full power and aucthoritie to use and exercise marshall
+lawe in cases of rebellion or mutiny in as large and ample manner as
+oure leiutenant in oure counties within oure realme of England have or
+ought to have by force of their comissions of lieutenancy.
+
+And furthermore, if anie person or persons, adventurers or planters, of
+the said Colonie, or anie other at anie time or times hereafter, shall
+transporte anie monyes, goods or marchaundizes oute of anie [of] oure
+kingdomes with a pretence or purpose to lande, sell or otherwise dispose
+the same within the lymitts and bounds of the said Collonie, and yet
+nevertheles beinge at sea or after he hath landed within anie part of
+the said Colonie shall carrie the same into anie other forraine
+Countrie, with a purpose there to sell and dispose there of that, then
+all the goods and chattels of the said person or persons so offendinge
+and transported, together with the shipp or vessell wherein such
+transportacion was made, shalbe forfeited to us, oure heires and
+successors.
+
+And further, oure will and pleasure is, that in all questions and doubts
+that shall arrise upon anie difficultie of construccion or
+interpretacion of anie thinge contained either in this or in oure said
+former lettres patents, the same shalbe taken and interpreted in most
+ample and beneficiall manner for the said Tresorer and Companie and
+their successors and everie member there of.
+
+And further, wee doe by theis presents ratifie and confirme unto the
+said Tresorer and Companie and their successors all privuleges,
+franchesies, liberties and immunties graunted in oure said former
+lettres patents and not in theis oure lettres patents revoked, altered,
+channged or abridged.
+
+And finallie, oure will and pleasure is and wee doe further hereby for
+us, oure heires and successors grannte and agree, to and with the said
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors, that all and singuler person
+and persons which shall at anie time or times hereafter adventure anie
+somme or sommes of money in and towards the said plantacion of the said
+Colonie in Virginia and shalbe admitted by the said Counsell and
+Companie as adventurers of the said Colonie, in forme aforesaid, and
+shalbe enrolled in the booke or record of the adventurers of the said
+Companye, shall and maie be accompted, accepted, taken, helde and
+reputed Adventurers of the said Collonie and shall and maie enjoye all
+and singuler grannts, priviledges, liberties, benefitts, profitts,
+commodities [and immunities], advantages and emoluments whatsoever as
+fullie, largely, amplie and absolutely as if they and everie of them had
+ben precisely, plainely, singulerly and distinctly named and inserted in
+theis oure lettres patents.
+
+And lastely, because the principall effect which wee cann desier or
+expect of this action is the conversion and reduccion of the people in
+those partes unto the true worshipp of God and Christian religion, in
+which respect wee would be lothe that anie person should be permitted to
+passe that wee suspected to affect the superstitions of the Churche of
+Rome, wee doe hereby declare that it is oure will and pleasure that none
+be permitted to passe in anie voiadge from time to time to be made into
+the saide countrie but such as firste shall have taken the oath of
+supremacie, for which purpose wee doe by theise presents give full power
+and aucthoritie to the Tresorer for the time beinge, and anie three of
+the Counsell, to tender and exhibite the said oath to all such persons
+as shall at anie time be sent and imploied in the said voiadge.
+
+Although expresse mention [of the true yearly value or certainty of the
+premises, or any of them, or of any other gifts or grants, by us or any
+of our progenitors or predecessors, to the aforesaid Treasurer and
+Company heretofore made, in these presents is not made; or any act,
+statute, ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restraint, to the
+contrary hereof had, made, ordained, or provided, or any other thing,
+cause, or matter, whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.] In witnes
+whereof [we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Witness
+ourself at Westminster, the 23d day of May (1609) in the seventh year of
+our reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of Scotland the ****]
+
+          Per ipsum Regem exactum.
+
+P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1796, 5; Stith, Appendix, pp.
+8-22; Hening, Vol. I, pp. 80-98.
+
+
+
+
+  VIRGINIA COUNCIL. "INSTRUCCIONS
+  ORDERS AND CONSTITUCIONS ...
+  TO SR THOMAS GATES KNIGHT GOVERNOR
+  OF VIRGINIA"
+
+
+
+
+MAY, 1609
+
+
+    Instructions, orders and constitucions by way of advise sett
+    downe, declared and propounded to Sir Thomas Gates, Knight,
+    Governor of Virginia and of the Colony there planted and to
+    be planted, and of all the inhabitants thereof, by us His
+    Majesties Counsell for the direction of the affaires of that
+    countrey for his better disposinge and proceedinge in the
+    government thereof accordinge to the authority and power
+    given unto us by virtue of His Majesties lettres patents.
+
+1. Havinge considered the greate sufficiency and zealous affection which
+you, Sir Thomas Gates, have many waies manifested unto us, and havinge
+therefore by our Commission under our hands and seales constituted and
+ordained you to be the Governor of Virginia, wee His Majesties Counsell
+for that plantacion, have consulted and advised uppon divers
+instructions for your safer and more deliberate proceedinge therein; and
+therefore doe requier and charge you, accordinge to the Comission in
+that behalf directed unto you, presently with all convenient speede to
+take the charge and of our fleete consistinge of eight good shippes and
+one pinnace and of sixe hundred land men to be transported under your
+commaund, and with the first winde to sett saile for Virginia. And in
+your passage thither you shall not land nor touch any of the Kinge of
+Spaines his Dominions quetly possessed, without the leave or licence of
+the governor of such place as you shal by accident or contrary windes be
+forced into. You shall also hold counsell with the masters and pilotts
+and men of the best experience what way is safest and fittest for you to
+take, because we hold it daungerous that you should keepe the old course
+of Dominico and Meins lest you fall into the hand of the Spaniard, who
+may attend in that roade ready to intercept you:
+
+2. When it shall please God that you have safely attained the Kings
+River, and our porte and seate of James Towne in Virginia, wee advise
+you to call by proclamacion into some publique place, all the governors,
+officers, and other His Majesties subjects aswell already seated there
+as transported with you, to whom you shall cause your Commission to be
+directly reade, whereby significacion may be had of His Majesties
+pleasure in establishinge you the Governor of that countrey and
+plantacion, and the President, Councell and Colony there may take notice
+of the revocacion of that fourme of governement by the first lettres
+patents constituted and confirmed, and accordingly yeald due obedience
+unto you, their Governor.
+
+3. You shall demaund then and resume into your hands the former lettres
+pattents and all instruccions & publique instruments given or sent unto
+them and all bookes and records whatsoever of the generall proceedings
+untill this time, and dispose of them in the future accordinge to your
+discrecion.
+
+4. Beinge setled in your government, you shall call unto you, for your
+further advise and graver proceedinge, their principall officers and
+gentlemen whom we do ordaine and appointe to be of the Councell and who
+for earliness of their undertakings and their greate paines and merits
+doe well deserve this honor & respect from us: Sir George Summers,
+Knight, and Admirall of Virginia; Captaine John Smith, nowe President;
+Captaine John Radclif; Captaine Peter Winne, Seirjant Major of the fort;
+Mr. Mathewe Scrivenor, whom out of our good experience of his abilities
+in that kinde we doe name and appointe to be Secretary of that Councell;
+Captaine John Martine; Captaine Richard Waldoe, master of the workes;
+Captaine Woode; and Mr. Fleetwoode, whom we assure ourselves you will
+use with all good respecte in their places and to whome wee expecte that
+you shall give such other preferrements as their former paines have
+deserved, and in all matters of importance we require you to call them
+to consultacion and to proceede therein with their advice; and wee doe
+give further power and authority to you, to give the oathe of Counsellor
+to such as are now named, or any other oathe in the like case,
+accordinge to your direccion. Provided that they shall not have, single
+nor together, anie bindinge or negative voice or power uppon your
+conclusions but doe give you full authority, uppon just occasion to
+sequester any of them from the execucion of any place whatsover, and to
+depute another thereunto untill significacion unto us be here made:
+
+5. You shall have power and authority to dispose and graunte any other
+officer or commaunds whatsoever, either of governement or warr, except
+such as are already disposed of by us to any persons of rancke or merite
+(adventurers beings first regarded), accordinge to your discrecion and
+so discharge or revoke the same or to sequester any so made or
+constituted by us.
+
+6. You shall take principall order and care for the true and reverent
+worship of God that his worde be duely preached and his holy sacraments
+administred accordinge to the constitucions of the Church of England in
+all fundamentall pointes, and his ministers had in due observance and
+respecte agreeable to the dignity of their callinge. And that all
+atheisme, prophanes, popery, or schisme be exemplarily punished to the
+honor of God and to the peace and safety of his Church, over which, in
+this tendernes and infancy, you must be especially solicitous &
+watchefull.
+
+7. You shall, with all propensenes and diligence, endeavour the
+conversion of the natives to the knowledge and worship of the true God
+and their redeemer Christ Jesus, as the most pious and noble end of this
+plantacion, which the better to effect you must procure from them some
+convenient nomber of their children to be brought up in your language
+and manners, and if you finde it convenient, we thinke it reasonable you
+first remove from them their Iniocasockes or Priestes by a surprise of
+them all and detaininge them prisoners, for they are so wrapped up in
+the fogge and miserie of their iniquity and so tirrified with their
+continuall tirrany, chained under the bond of deathe unto the divell
+that while they live amounge them to poison and infecte them their
+mindes, you shall never make any great progres into this glorious worke,
+nor have any civill peace or concurre with them. And in case of
+necessity or conveniency, we pronounce it not crueltie nor breache of
+charity to deale more sharpely with them and to proceede even to dache
+[death?] with these murtherers of soules and sacrificers of God's images
+to the divill, referringe the consideracion of this as a waighty matter
+of important consequence to the circumstances of the busines and place
+in your discrecion.
+
+8. You shall for capitall and criminal justice in case of rebellion and
+mutiny and in all such cases of [provident (?)] necessity, proceede by
+martiall lawe accordinge to your comission as of most dispatch and
+terror and fittest for this governement; and in all other causes of that
+nature as also in all matters of civill justice, you shall finde it
+properest and usefullest for your governement to proceede rather as a
+chauncelor than as a judge, rather uppon the naturall right and equity
+then uppon the nicenes and lettre of the lawe which perplexeth in this
+tender body, rather then dispatcheth all causes so that a summary and
+arbitrary way of justice discreetely mingled with those gravities and
+fourmes of magistracy as shall in your discrecion seeme aptest for you
+and that place, wilbe of most use both for expedicion and for example:
+
+9. You shall for the more regard and respect of your place, to begett
+reverence to your authority and to refresh their mindes that obey the
+gravity of those lawes under which they were borne; at your discrecion
+use such fourmes and ensignes of governement as by our lettres pattents
+wee are enabled to grant unto you; as also the attendance of a guarde
+uppon your person, and in all such like cases you shall have power to
+make, adde or distinguishe any lawes or ordinances at your discrecion
+accordinge to the authority limited in your comission.
+
+10. You shall, for the choice of plantacions observe two generall
+rulles: that you rather seeke to the sun then from it, which is under
+God the first cause both of health and riches; and that such places
+which you resolve to build and inhabite uppon have at the leaste one
+good outlett into the sea & fresh water to the land; that it be a dry
+and wholesome earth and as free from woode as possiblie you may, whereby
+you may have roome to discover about you and unshady ground to plant
+nere you.
+
+11. You must in every plantacion principally provide of your owne a
+common graunge and storehowse of corne, besides that which you will
+obtaine by tribute or trade with the natives.
+
+12. In the distribucion of your men accordinge to these advises and
+relacions which wee have receaved, we advise you to continue the
+plantacion at James Towne with a convenient nomber of men, but not as
+your situacion or citty, because the place is unwholsome and but in the
+marish of Virginia, and to keepe it onely as a fitt porte for your
+shippes to ride before to arive and unlade att; butt neither shall you
+make it your principall storehowse or magazin either of armes, victualls
+or goods, but because it is so accessable with shippinge that an enemy
+may be easily uppon you with all the provision of ordinance and municion
+and it is not to be expected that anie fortificacion there can endure an
+enemy that hath the leasure to sitt downe before it.
+
+13. The place you chose for your principall residence and seate to have
+your catle, provisions of corne, foode, and magazin of other municion
+in, as your greatest strength, trust and retraite, must be removed some
+good distance from any navigable river, except with small boates, by
+which no enemy shall dare to seeke your habitacion; and if in this place
+some good fortificacion be made to which no ordinance can be brought by
+water, if you be provided of victuall, you may dispute possession till a
+straunger be wearied and starved.
+
+14. Above the over falles of the Kinges River it is likely you shall
+finde some convenient place to this purpose whither no enemy with ease
+can approache nor with ordinance at all but by land, with at howe greate
+disadvauntage he shall seeke when he must discover and fight at once
+uppon straightes, in woodes, at foordes, and places of all
+inconveniency, is easy to be considered; besides, you shall have the
+commodity of the braunche of the river to bringe downe your provisions
+from within the land in canooes and smalle boates in the River of
+Chechehounnack, neere unto you and not farre of another navagable
+outlett into the sea by the River of Pamaouke.
+
+15. Foure dayes journey from your forte southewards is a towne called
+Ohonahorn seated where the River of Choanocki devideth it self into
+three braunches and falleth into the sea of Rawnocke in thirtie five
+degrees; this place, if you seeke by Indian guides from James forte to
+Winocke by water, from thence to Manqueocke, some twenty miles from
+thence to Caththega, as much and from thence to Oconahoen, you shall
+finde a brave and fruiteful seate every way unaccessable by a straunger
+enemy, much more abundant in pochon and in the grasse silke called Cour
+del Cherva and in vines, then any parte of this land knowne unto us.
+Here we suppose, if you make your principall and cheife seate, you shall
+doe most safely and richely because you are in the part of the land
+inclined to the southe, and two of the best rivers will supply you;
+besides you are neere to riche copper mines of Ritanoc and may passe
+them by one braunche of this river, and by another, Peccarecamicke,
+where you shall finde foure of the Englishe alive, left by Sir Walter
+Rawely, which escaped from the slaughter of Powhaton of Roanocke, uppon
+the first arrivall of our Colonie, and live under the proteccion of a
+wiroane called Gepanocon, enemy to Powhaton by whose consent you shall
+never recover them; one of these were worth much labour, and if you
+finde them not, yet seach [search?] into this countrey, it is more
+probable then towards the north.
+
+16. These three habitations seeme enoughe for the nomber of the people
+nowe transported, over every one of which you must appointe a discreete
+commaunder that shall sett your men to severall workes accordinge to
+their undertakings in the bookes by which they were receaved; in every
+one of these there must be builte a church and a storehowse and a parte
+of land sett out for corne for the publique and some allotted to the
+care of manuringe and preparinge thereof. In buildinge your towns you
+shall as easily keepe decorous and order as confusion; and so you shall
+prepare for ornament and safety at once, for every streete may answere
+one another and all of them the markett place or storehowse in the midle
+which at the leaste must be paved and made firme and dry.
+
+17. Your enemies can be but of two sortes, straungers and natives; for
+the first, your defence must be uppon advauntage of the place and way
+unto it, for fortes have no other use but that a fewe men may defend and
+dispute their footinge with them against a greater nomber and to winne
+time which, if you can do, a stranger cannot longe abide where he must
+bringe all his releis [relief?] with him, and he shall have no way to
+beseidge you but by blockinge you in and plantinge between you and the
+sea, to which if you have two outeletts he must be very able and
+powerfull that can do it; to prevent this you shall build some small
+forte that may discry the sea neere Cape Comforte, and there hold a
+reasonable garrison and keepe alwaies watch and longe boate that may be
+ready to take the alarum and able to cary away our men, and munition if
+you shall not be able to defend it. Besides it is not safe to lett any
+of the savages dwell betwene you and the sea least they be made guides
+to your enemies. To this commaunde wee desire Captaine Smith may be
+allotted aswell for his earnest desire as the greate confidence & trust
+that we have in his care & diligence.
+
+18. The second enemy is the natives who can no way hurte you but by fire
+or by destroyinge your catle, or hinderinge your workes by stealth or
+your passages in small nombers; and in this sorte of warr there is most
+perill if you be not very carefull, for if they may destroy but one
+harvest or burne your townes in the night they will leave you naked and
+exposed to famine and cold, and convey themselves into wodes where
+revenge wilbe as difficult as unnecessary; to prevent that you must
+keepe good watches in the fielde and suffer none of them to come nere
+your corne in those daungerous seasons; and continuall centinells
+without the walles or uttermost defences in the night; and you must give
+order that your catle be kept in heards waited and attended on by some
+small watch or so enclosed by them selves that they destroy not your
+corne and other seed provisions.
+
+19. For Powhaton and his Weroances it is clere even to reason beside our
+experience that he loved not our neighbourhood and therefore you may no
+way trust him, but if you finde it not best to make him your prisoner
+yet you must make him your tributary, and all other his weroances about
+him first to acknowledge no other lord but Kinge James, and so we shall
+free them all from the tirrany of Powhaton ... uppon them. Every lord of
+a province shall pay you and send you into your forte where you make
+your cheif residence so many measures of corne at every harvest, soe
+many basketts of dye, so many dozens of skins, so many of his people to
+worke weekely, and of every thinge somewhat, accordinge to his
+proporcion in greatenes of territory and men; by which meanes you shall
+quietly drawe to your selves an annuall revenue of every commodity
+growinge in that countrey and this tribute payd to you, for which you
+shall deliver them from the exeacions of Powhaton which are now
+burdensome, and protect and defend them from all their enemies; shall
+also be a meanes of clearinge much ground of wood and of reducing them
+to laboure and trade seinge for this rent onely they shall enjoye their
+howses, and the rest of their travell quietly and many other commodities
+and blessings of which they are yet insensible.
+
+20. If you hope to winne them and to provide for your selves by trade
+you wilbe deceaved, for already your copper is embased by your abundance
+and neglect of prisinge it and they will never feede you but for feare.
+Wherefore, if you perceave that they, uppon your landinge, fly up into
+the countrey and forsake their habitacion, you must seise into your
+custody half there corne and harvest and their Weroances and all other
+their knowne successors at once whom, if you intreate well and educate
+those which are younge and to succeede in the governement in your
+manners and religion, their people will easily obey you and become in
+time civill and Christian.
+
+21. If you make freindship with any of these nations, as you must doe,
+choose to doe it with those that are farthest from you and enemies unto
+those amonge whom you dwell, for you shall have least occasion to have
+differences with them and by that meanes a suerer league of amity, and
+you shalbe suer of their trade partely for covetousnes and to serve
+their owne ends, where the copper is yett in his primary estimacion
+which Pohaton hath hitherto engrossed and partely for feare of
+constrainte. Monocon, to the east and head of our river, Powhatons
+enemy; and the Manahockes, to the northeast to the head of the River of
+Moyompo in the necke of the land to the west betweene our bay and the
+sea; Cathcatapeius, a greater Weroance then he is, also his enemy to the
+Southeast and South--he hath no freinde to the north; the Masawoymekes
+make continuall incursions uppon him and uppon all those that inhabite
+the Rivers of Bolus and Myomps and to the northwest; Pocoughtuwonough
+infecteth him with a terrible warr. With those you may hold trade and
+freindeship good cheape for their emotenes [remoteness?] will prevent
+all offence which must needes happen betweene us and them which we are
+mingled with to the North. At the head bay is a large towne where is
+store of copper and furres called Cataaneon that trade and discovery
+wilbe to greate purpose, if it may be setled yearely.
+
+22. Such trade as you shall finde necessary or profitable for you with
+the Indians you shall endeavour to drawe them to seeke of you and to
+bringe their commodities into your forte, which will greatly ease the
+imployment of many men, and this you may bringe to passe by seeminge to
+make litle estimacion of trade with them and by pretendinge to be so
+able to consist within your selves as that you neede care for nothinge
+of theires, but rather that you doe them a curtesy to spare such
+necessaries as they want as leetle iron tooles, or copper, or the like
+such as are convenient for traffique; and so one officer or two in every
+forte, whom you must onely appointe to be truncmasters, may dispatch the
+whole busines of trade which els will cost you many mens laboures if you
+seeke it far from home. And besides these you must, by proclamacion or
+edicte publiquely affixed, prohibite and forbidd uppon paine or
+punishement of your discrecion all other persons to trade or exchange
+for anythinge but such as shalbe necessarie for foode or clothinge; and
+uppon all such commodities of yours as shall passe away from you
+whatsoever, you must sett prises and values under which the
+trunckemaster must not trade, and so you shalbe such to uphold the
+reputacion of your commodity and to make your traffique rich, desired
+and certaine; over this truncemaster there must be appointed a cape
+merchant or officer belonginge to the store or provision house that must
+deliver by booke all such things as shalbe allowed for trade and receave
+and take an accounte of whatsover is retourned, accordinge to the prises
+therein sett, and so beinge booked must store them up, to the publique
+use of the colony.
+
+23. You must constitute and declare some sharpe lawe with a penaltie
+thereon to restraine the trade of any prohibited goods, especially of
+swordes, pikeheads, gunnes, daggers, or any thinge of iron that may be
+turned against you, and in case of such offence punishe severely; have
+also especially regard that no arte or trade tendinge to armes in any
+wise, as smithey, carpentry, of or such like, be taught the savages or
+used in their presence, as they may learne therein.
+
+24. Havinge deduced your colony into severall seates and plantacions
+that may commodiously answere and receive one another, you must devide
+your people into tennes, twenties, & so upwards, to every necessary
+worke a competent nomber, over every one of which you must appointe some
+man of care and [skill] in that worke to oversee them and to take daily
+accounte of their laboures; and you must ordaine that every overseer of
+such a nomber of workemen deliver once a weeke an accounte of the wholle
+committed to his charge [to] the cheife governor or captaine of the
+fourte; and that they also once a moneth make the like accounte to you
+or your officer and that such goodes or provisions as are advanced or
+gotten above expence may be receaved and entred into the capemarchantes
+booke and so stored and preserved to the publique use of the colony. And
+thus you shall both knowe howe your men are imployed, what they gett &
+where it is, as also the measure of your provision and wealth.
+
+25. For such of your men as shall attend any worke in or nere aboute
+every towne, you shall doe best to lett them eate together at seasonable
+howers in some publique place, beinge messed by sixe or five to a messe,
+in which you must see there bee equality and sufficient that so they may
+come and retourne to their worke without any delay and have no cause to
+complaine of measure or to excuse their idlenes uppon the dressinge or
+want of diett. You may well allowe them three howers in a somers day and
+two in the winter, and shall call them together by ringinge of a bell
+and by the same worne them againe to worke; for such as attend any
+labouer so farre from the forte, as they cannot returne at seasonable
+times, there must be a steward appointed that shall oversee there diett
+and provision, els thoughe you give every one a reasonalbe allowance for
+many dayes some will eate two meales at one & soe:
+
+26. You shall give especiall order to the cheif commaunder of every
+forte that the armes, powder and munition be well stored and looked into
+and that the men be disposed into severall companies for warr and
+captaines appointed over every fifty to traine them at convenient times
+and to teache them the use of their armes and weapons and they may knowe
+whether uppon all occasions and sudden attempts they shall repaire to
+find them in a readines.
+
+27. You must take especiall care what relacions come into England and
+what lettres are written and that all thinges of that nature may be
+boxed up and sealed and sent to first to the Councell here, accordinge
+to a former instruccion unto the late president in that behalf directed;
+and that at the arivall and retourne of every shippinge you endeavour to
+knowe all the particuler passages and informacions given on both sides
+and to advertise us accordingly.
+
+28. Whensoever you consult of any busines of importance, wee advise you
+to consider and deliberate all thinges patiently & willingly and to
+heare every man his oppinion and objeccion, but the resultants out of
+them or your owne determinacion what you intend to doe not to imparte to
+any whatsoever, but to such onely as shall execute it, and to them also
+under the sealle of your commaundement and but at the instant of their
+partinge from you or the execucion of your will.
+
+29. Next after buildinge, husbandry and manuringe the countrey for the
+provision of life and conveniency, wee comend unto your care foure
+principall waies of enrichinge the colonies and providinge returne of
+commodity, of which you must be very solicitouse that our fleetes come
+not home empty nor laden with useles marchandize. The first is discovery
+either of the southe seas or royall mines, in the search of both which
+we must referre you to the circumstances of your peace and your owne
+discrecion; the second is trade whereby you recover all the commodities
+of those countreys that ly far of and yet are accessable by water; the
+third is tribute, by which you shall advaunce parte of what soever the
+next lande can provide you can produce; the fourth is labour of your
+owne men in makinge wines, pitche, tarre, sope, ashes, steele, iron,
+pipestaves, in sowinge of hempe and flaxe, in gatheringe silke of the
+grasse, and providinge the worme and in fishinge for pearle, codd,
+sturgion, and such like.
+
+30. Wee require you to call before you Captaine John Radcliffe and one
+... Webbe who hath complained by peticion delivered unto you of divers
+injuries and insolences done unto him in the governement of the said
+Captaine Radcliffe, and accordingly to heare the cause and doe justice
+in it as you shall finde reason in it your owne discrecion.
+
+31. Whereas suite hath bine made unto us as for the retourne of Richard
+Potts, David Wiffin and Post Ginnet, and sufficient reasons declared to
+move us to graunte the same which hath bine agreed unto by the Councell
+assembled, wee require you to give them their licence to come backe by
+the next shippinge with such condicions or limitacions of retorne or
+otherwise as you shall thinke good.
+
+32. Whereas peticion hath bine made by the friends of John Tavernor,
+capemarchant of the forte and store in Virginia, for his retorne uppon
+some urgent occasion and for some time into England, we require you to
+licence him so to do if it be his desire when you arive there; and we
+doe nominate and appointe Thomas Wittingham into his roome and office,
+beinge one in whose sufficiency and honesty we have greate confidence.
+
+33. There beinge one George Liste, servant to John Woodall and sent over
+by him with a chest of cheurgery sufficiently furnished, we require you
+to give your licence to William Wilson, his fellowe, if the said George
+Liste doe stay with you, to come backe in this passage, the better to
+enfourme us what medicines and drugges are fittest to be provided for
+the use of the colonie against the next supply.
+
+34. You shall be very wary of grantinge freedomes and of givinge your
+sealle to any but uppon good consideracion and greate merite, least you
+make cheape the best way of our recompence; and in those you doe you
+shall give with such limitacions of retorne in reasonable time as in
+your discrecion shall seeme good.
+
+35. If it shall please God that you should dy either in your way or in
+your governement (which his mercy forbid) before other order be taken by
+us therein, wee requier and commaund that the Councell there established
+open a blacke boxe, marked with the figure of one and sealed with our
+sealle, wherein they shall finde our determinacion concerninge the
+successor to the governement; and do, in His Majesties name, charge and
+commaund every person within the precincte of the Colony to give and
+yeild due obedience to him so named and appointed accordinge unto his
+commission unto him, directed as they will aunswere to the contrary at
+their uttermost perill.
+
+36. Wee also requier you, the present Governor & all your successors, to
+keepe secret to your selves, unsealed and unbroken up, all such lettres,
+schedules and instruments and whatsoever wee shall deliver you soe under
+our sealle, especially two blacke boxes with divers markes wherein are
+our commissions in cases of death or other vacacion of the Governor
+untill such time as you shall find your self unlikely to live or
+determined to returne, uppon which occasions wee requier you that they
+be delivered before all the Councell to be opened successively after
+such death or departure out of Virginia of any Governor.
+
+Provided that in all thinges herein contained, except onely the
+succession, wee doe by these our lettres instruccions binde you to
+nothinge so strictely but that uppon due consideracion and good reason,
+and uppon divers circumstances of time and place wherein we cannot here
+conclude, you may in your discrecion departe and dissent from them and
+change, alter or establishe, execute and doe all ordinances or acts
+whatsoever that may best conducte to the glory of God, the honor of our
+Kinge and nation to the good and perfect establishement of our Colony.
+Geven under our hands and Councell sealle the      day of May, in the
+seaventh yeare of His Majesties ragne of England, Fraunce & Ireland and
+Scotland the two and fortithe.
+
+Kingsbury, _Records of the Virginia Company of London_, Vol. III, pp.
+12-24.
+
+
+
+
+  VIRGINIA COUNCIL. "INSTRUCTIONS,
+  ORDERS AND CONSTITUCIONS ... TO ...
+  SIR THOMAS WEST, KNIGHT, LORD LA
+  WARR."
+
+
+
+
+1609/10(?)
+
+
+    Instructions, orders and constitucions by way of advise sett
+    downe, declared, propounded and delivered to the Right
+    Honourable Sir Thomas West, Knight, Lord La Warr, Lord
+    Governor and Capten Generall of Virginea and of the Colonies
+    there planted and to be planted and of all other the
+    inhabitants thereof, by us, His Majesties Counsell for the
+    Companie of Adventurers and Planters in Virginea resident in
+    England under the hands of some of us for the direccion of
+    the affares of that countrey for his better disposinge and
+    proceedinge in the government thereof, according to the
+    authoritie and power given unto us by His Majesties lettres
+    patents in that behalf, together with a copie of certaine of
+    the cheifest instruccions which have bene formerlie given to
+    Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, for his direccion, which coppie we
+    have given to his Lordship to peruse and looke into but
+    leave it to his discretion to use and put them in execution
+    or to beare to be advised or directed by them further then
+    in his owne discretion he shall thinke meete.
+
+We, the said Councell, havinge considered the great & zealous affeccion
+which you, Sir Thomas West, Knight, Lord Lawarr, have many wayes
+manifested unto us and for the furtherance and advaunceinge of the
+plantacion of Virginea have therefore by our commission under the handes
+of some of us, constituted you to be Lord Governor and Captaine Generall
+of Virginea and for your more safe and deliberate proceedinge in your
+goverment there, have advised, constituted & agreed uppon divers
+instructions followinge, vizt:
+
+1. First, we require your Lordship to take into your charge our fleete
+consistinge of three good shippes with the masters, mariners, sailors
+and one hundred and fiftie landmen goinge in them to be transported
+under your commaund with what speed conveniently you maye unto Virginea
+and with the first winde to sett saile for that place and in your
+passage thither not to lande or touche uppon anye of the Kinge of Spaine
+his dominions by him quietly possessed without the licence of the
+governour of such place first obtained, unles by necessitie of winde and
+weather you shalbe forced thereunto; in which passage you shall holde
+councell with the masters, pilates and men of best experience what way
+is safest and fitt for you to take for your arrivinge in Virginea.
+
+2. Your Lordships beinge landed there, we wishe you should (with what
+convenientcy you may by proclamacion made) call into some publique place
+all the governors, officers and other His Majesties subjects, aswell
+already seated there as transported with you, to whom you shall manifest
+your commission and cause it to be publiquely read to them, to the end
+His Majesties pleasure may be knowne as alsoe our choise in
+establishinge your Lordship Governor of Virginea and of the plantacion
+there; and that the President, Counsell and Colony there may take notice
+of our revocacion of all former kindes and formes of goverment,
+constituted or confirmed, and that they accordingely may yeild due
+obedience unto you, theire Lord Governor and Captaine Generall, at which
+time we holde it fitt you tender unto every of them the oath of
+supremacy to be by them taken whereby they shall manifest theire
+obedience and loyaltie to His Majestie and you thereby the better
+assured of theire fidelities as alsoe to be the rather encouraged to
+comitt matter of counsell and charge unto them; att which time alsoe
+your Lordship shall, in our opinions, doe well to give generall
+commaundement that all former private or publique quarels, greivancs or
+grudgs be from thenceforth from amongest them utterly abbandoned and
+forgotten and they willingly embrace peace and love as becommeth
+Christians without discention or hindrance to the common good or quiet.
+
+3. Moreover, your Lordship shall demaunde and resume into your hands all
+former commissions and all instructions and publique instruments given
+or sent unto them and all bookes and records whatsoever of all the
+proceedings untill this time and dispose of all theire offices and
+places in the future accordinge to your discretion; except the office of
+Leiuetennante Governor, which your Lordship is by your commission to
+bestowe upon Sir Thomas Gates, if he shalbe there to execute the same,
+and office of Marshall uppon Sir Thomas Dale, at this cominge thither,
+and the office of Admirall upon Sir George Sumers, if he shalbe there,
+and the office of Viceadmirall upon Capten Newport, he beinge there to
+supplye the said place.
+
+4. Your shippes beinge discharged of theire provision, we wishe that
+they, the seamen and soe manie others as shalbe needfull for that worke,
+be, with what convenient speed you may, employed to theire fishinge for
+sturgeons and other fish; which done we desier your Lordship should make
+up the residue of theire fraight with divers of the best severall
+patternes of the land, commodities that you can gett there havinge
+regarde more to the goodnes and qualitie of them then to the quantity;
+and to retorne the said shippes for England with as quick dispatch as
+you may for easinge of the Companie of Adventurers of the charge both of
+wages of the said shippes, seamen and victualls which they must be att
+untill they retorne.
+
+5. After your Lordship is settled in your governement, we thinke it very
+behofefull that you employ soe many of your people as shalbe needfull in
+sowing, setting and plantinge of corne and such rootes for foode as you
+for your better provision, sustentacion and maintennance shall thinke
+meete to be planted.
+
+6. As touchinge your landmen, we thinke fitt your Lordship should reduce
+them all into severall bandes and companies of fifties or more when you
+thinke good and to committ the charge of them to severall officers and
+captaines to be exercised and trained up in martiall manner and warlike
+discipline.
+
+7. Your Lordship is to take principall order and care for the true
+worship and service of God as by havinge the Gospell preched, frequent
+prayers and the sacraments often administred as becommeth Christians.
+And that such your ministers and preachers as shalbe with you be had in
+due respect agreable to theire dignitie and callinge and that your
+Lordship, with the counsell of your said prechers and ministers, doe, as
+occasion shall be offered, proceede in punishinge of all atheisme,
+prophanisme, popery and scisme by exemplary punishment to the honor of
+God and to the peace and safety of his church over which in this
+tendernes and infancy your Lordship must be especially solicitous and
+watchfull.
+
+8. It is very expedient that your Lordship with all diligence indeavor
+the conversion of the natives and savages to the knowledge and worship
+of the true God and theire redemer Christ Jesus as the most pious and
+noble end of this plantacion; which the better to effecte you are to
+procure from them some of theire children to be brought up in our
+language and manners and, if you finde it convenient, we thinke it
+necesserie you first remove from them the iniococks or priests by a
+surprise of them and detaninge them prisoners and in case they shalbe
+willfull and obstinate then to send over some three or foure of them
+into England, we may endevor theire conversion here.
+
+9. We holde it requisite that your Lordship in causes of civill justice,
+proceede rather as a counsellor then as a judge; that is to saie, rather
+uppon the right and equitie of the thinge in demaunde then uppon the
+nicenes and letter of the lawe, which perplexeth in this tender body
+rather then dispatcheth causes. Soe that a summary and arbitrary way of
+justice, mingled with discreet formes of magistracy as shall in your
+discretion seeme aptest for your Lordship to exercise in that place,
+wilbe of most use both for expedicion and example and for criminall
+causes, you are to deale therein according to your comission and good
+discretion.
+
+10. That your Lordship doe not permitt any shippe or vessell to trade or
+traffique within your precincte to carrie from thence any commodities or
+marchandizes without warrant brought you or sent to your Lordship from
+the Councell for the Company of Adventurers under the Councell seale.
+
+11. We doe require your Lordship that with what possible speed and
+conveniency you may, after you are setled, you appointe a convenient
+number with guides and some discreete commaunder to discover northwest,
+south and southwest, beyonde the faulls ten or twelve dayes journey, and
+that assone as may be your Lordship send unto us the narracion of that
+voyage what rivers, lakes or seas they finde or here of with the
+circumstanc there unto belonginge.
+
+12. If Sir Thomas Gates be there arived and Sir George Sommers and
+Capten Newport, or any of them, that your Lordship doe give unto Sir
+Thomas Gates the place or office of Leiuetennant Governor to your
+Lordship duringe the time of your Lordship and his abode there together,
+and in your Lordships absence he beinge there to be your deputy and
+cheif generall and commaunder of the whole Colonye and Companie, and to
+rule and governe according to suche instructions as your Lordship shall
+limitt and appointe him; and that Sir George Sommers may have the office
+of Cheif Admirall under your Lordship and that Sir Ferdinando Weyneman
+may have the office of Master of the ordinance, and that Capten Newport
+may have the office of Viceadmirall unto your Lordship.
+
+13. Your Lordship must take especiall care what relacions come into
+England and what lettres are written & that all things of that nature
+may be boxed up and sealed and sent first to the Counsell here,
+accordinge to a former instruction unto the late Governor in that behalf
+directed; and that att the arrival and retorne of every shippinge you
+endeavor to knowe all the particuler passages and informacions given on
+both sides and to advertise us accordingly.
+
+14. Last of all, for temporall goverment & perticuler proceedinge in
+your plantacion, in respect of the shortnes of time, we commende unto
+your Lordship the copie of some of the cheifest of the old instruccions
+before mencioned to have bene formerly delivered to Sir Thomas Gates, to
+be used or refused as you shall in your wisdome thinke fitt, neither is
+or meanes to tie your Lordship to the stricte perfourmance of theis newe
+instructions but as occasion of time, place or necessetie shall requir
+your Lordship may doe therein as shall seeme best in your owne
+discretion. Southampton, Pembroke, Philip Mountgomery, Edward Cecill,
+Walter Cope, Dudly Diggs, William Rumney, Thomas Smith, Robert Drewrye,
+Robert Maunsell, Baptist Hicks, Christofer Brooke.
+
+The copie of the old instruccions which were formerly with others
+delivered to Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, att his goinge to Virginea for
+his direccion in his goverment there, and noew are by us, His Majesties
+Councill for the Companie of Adventurers for Virginea, given to the
+Right Honourable, the Lord La Warr to looke into and advise on and at
+his discretion to use [or] forbeare to put them in execucion.
+
+Such of the old instructions which were formerly given to Sir Thomas
+Gates, Knight, and nowe delivered to the Lord La Warre, beginne att the
+ninth instruccion in the articles in thi booke which by waye of advise
+were sett down to the said Sir Thomas Gates and soe are written ontill
+you come to the thirtith instruccion which 30th, 31, 32 & 33
+instructions are not given his Lordship but the 34th is given him, but
+not the 35 nor 36, but the effect of the provisoe followinge is given.
+
+Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 24-29
+
+
+
+
+THE THIRD CHARTER
+
+
+
+
+MARCH 12, 1612
+
+
+James, by the grace of God [King of England, Scotland, France and
+Ireland, Defender of the Faith;] to all to whom [these presents shall
+come,] greeting. Whereas at the humble suite of divers and sundry our
+lovinge subjects, aswell adventurers as planters of the First Colonie in
+Virginia, and for the propagacion of Christian religion and reclayminge
+of people barbarous to civilitie and humanitie, we have by our lettres
+patent bearing date at Westminster the three and twentieth daie of May
+in the seaventh yeare of our raigne of England, Frannce and Ireland, and
+the twoe and fortieth of Scotland, given and grannted unto them, that
+they and all suche and soe manie of our loving subjects as shold from
+time to time for ever after be joyned with them as planters or
+adventurers in the said plantacion, and their successors for ever, shold
+be one body politique incorporated by the name of The Treasorer and
+Planters of the Cittie of London for the First Colonie in Virginia;
+
+And whereas allsoe for the greater good and benefitt of the said
+Companie and for the better furnishing and establishing of the said
+plantacion we did further [give], grannte and confirme by our said
+lettres patent unto the said Treasorer and Companie and their successors
+for ever, all those landes, contries and territories scituate, lyeing
+and being in that part of America called Virginia, from the point of
+land called Cape [or] Pointe Comfort all along the seacoste to the
+northward twoe hundred miles, and from the said point of Cape Comfort
+all along the seacoste to the sowthward twoe hundred miles, and all the
+space and circuit of land lying from the sea coste of the precinct
+aforesaid up or into the land throughout from sea to sea, west and
+northwest, and allso all the islandes lying within one hundred miles
+along the coast of both the seas of the precinct aforsaid, with diverse
+other grannts, liberties, franchises, preheminences, privileges,
+proffitts, benefitts, and commodities, grannted in and by our said
+lettres patent to the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors,
+for ever:
+
+Now for asmuchas we are given to undestande that in these seas adjoyning
+to the said coast of Virginia and without the compasse of those twoe
+hundred miles by us soe grannted unto the said Treasurer and Companie as
+aforesaid, and yet not farr distant from the said Colony in Virginia,
+there are or may be divers islandes lying desolate and uninhabited, some
+of which are already made knowne and discovered by the industry,
+travell, and expences of the said Company, and others allsoe are
+supposed to be and remaine as yet unknowen and undiscovered, all and
+every of which itt maie importe the said Colony both in safety and
+pollecy of trade to populate and plant, in regard where of, aswell for
+the preventing of perill as for the better comodity and prosperity of
+the said Colony, they have bin humble suitors unto us that we wold be
+pleased to grannt unto them an inlardgement of our said former lettres
+patent, aswell for a more ample extent of their limitts and territories
+into the seas adjoyning to and uppon the coast of Virginia as allsoe for
+some other matters and articles concerning the better government of the
+said Company and Collony, in which point our said former lettres patents
+doe not extende soe farre as time and experience hath found to be
+needfull and convenient:
+
+We, therefore, tendring the good and happy successe of the said
+plantacion both in respect of the generall weale of humane society as in
+respect of the good of our owne estate and kingedomes, and being willing
+to give furtherannt untoall good meanes that may advannce the benefitt
+of the said Company and which maie secure the safety of our loving
+subjects, planted in our said Colony under the favour and protection of
+God Almighty and of our royall power and authority, have therefore of
+our especiall grace, certain knowledge and mere mocion, given, grannted
+and confirmed, and for us, our heires and successors we doe by theis
+presents, give, grannt and confirme unto the said Treasurer and Company
+of Adventurers and Planters of the said Citty of London for the First
+Colony in Virginia, and to their heires and successors for ever, all and
+singuler the said iselandes [whatsoever] scituat and being in anie part
+of the said ocean bordering upon the coast of our said First Colony in
+Virginia and being within three hundred leagues of anie the partes
+hertofore grannted to the said Treasorer and Company in our said former
+lettres patents as aforesaid, and being within or betweene the one and
+fortie and thirty degrees of Northerly latitude, together with all and
+singuler [soils] landes, groundes, havens, ports, rivers, waters,
+fishinges, mines and mineralls, aswell royal mines of gold and silver as
+other mines and mineralls, perles, precious stones, quarries, and all
+and singuler other commodities, jurisdiccions, royalties, priviledges,
+franchises and preheminences, both within the said tract of lande uppon
+the maine and allso within the said iselandes and seas adjoyning,
+whatsoever, and thereunto or there abouts both by sea and land being or
+scituat; and which, by our lettres patents, we maie or cann grannt and
+in as ample manner and sort as we or anie our noble progenitors have
+heretofore grannted to anie person or persons or to anie Companie, bodie
+politique or corporate or to any adventurer or adventurers, undertaker
+or undertakers of anie discoveries, plantacions or traffique, of, in, or
+into anie foreigne parts whatsoever, and in as lardge and ample manner
+as if the same were herein particularly named, mencioned and expressed:
+provided allwaies that the said iselandes or anie the premisses herein
+mencioned and by theis presents intended and meant to be grannted be not
+already actually possessed or inhabited by anie other Christian prince
+or estate, nor be within the bounds, limitts or territories of the
+Northerne Colonie, hertofore by us grannted to be planted by divers of
+our loving subjects in the northpartes of Virginia. To have and to hold,
+possesse and injoie all and singuler the said iselandes in the said
+ocean seas soe lying and bordering uppon the coast or coasts of the
+territories of the said First Colony in Virginia as aforesaid, with all
+and singuler the said soiles, landes and groundes and all and singular
+other the premisses heretofore by theis presents grannted, or mencioned
+to be grannted, to them, the said Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers
+and Planters of the Cittie of London for the First Colonie in Virginia,
+and to their heires, successors and assignes for ever, to the sole and
+proper use and behoofe of them, the said Treasurer and Companie and
+their heires, successores and assignes for ever; to be holden of us, our
+heires and successors as of our mannor of Eastgreenwich, in free and
+common soccage and not in capite, yealding and paying therefore, to us,
+our heires and successors, the fifte part of the oare of all gold and
+silver which shalbe there gotten, had or obteined for all manner of
+services, whatsoever.
+
+And further our will and pleasure is, and we doe by theis presents
+grannt and confirme for the good and welfare of the said plantacion, and
+that posterity maie hereafter knowe whoe have adventured and not bin
+sparing of their purses in such a noble and generous accion for the
+generall good of theire cuntrie, and at the request and with the consent
+of the Companie aforesaid, that our trusty and welbeloved subjects.[19]
+
+    [Footnote 19: Stith gives the following names only: "George,
+    Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Henry, Earl of Huntington,
+    Edward, Earl of Bedford, Richard, Earl of Clanrickard, &c."
+    The following names in brackets are taken from the text in
+    Brown's _Genesis_.]
+
+  George, Lord Archbishopp of Canterbury
+  Gilbert, Earle of Shrewsberry
+  Mary, Countesse of Shrewesbeiry
+  Elizabeth, Countesse of Derby
+  Margarett, Countesse of Comberland
+  Henry, Earle of Huntingdon
+  Edward, Earle of Beddford
+  Lucy, Countesse of Bedford
+  Marie, Countesse of Pembroke
+  Richard, Earle of Clanrickard
+  Lady Elizabeth Graie
+  William, Lord Viscount Cramborne
+  William, Lord Bishopp of Duresme
+  Henry, Lord Bishopp of Worceter
+  John, Lord Bishopp of Oxonford
+  William, Lord Pagett
+  Dudley, Lord North
+  Franncis, Lord Norries
+  William, Lord Knollis
+  John, Lord Harrington
+  Robert, Lord Spencer
+  Edward, Lord Denny
+  William, Lord Cavendishe
+  James, Lord Hay
+  Elianor, Lady Cave [Carre]
+  Maistres Elizabeth Scott, widdow
+  Edward Sackvill, Esquier
+  Sir Henry Nevill, of Aburgavenny, Knight
+  Sir Robert Riche, Knight
+  Sir John Harrington, Knight
+  Sir Raphe Wimwood, Knight
+  Sir John Graie, Knight
+  Sir Henry Riche, Knight
+  Sir Henry Wotton, Knight
+  Peregrine Berly, Esquier [Berty]
+  Sir Edward Phelipps, Knight, Maister of the Rolls
+  Sir Moile Finche, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Mansell, Knight
+  Sir John St. John, Knight
+  Sir Richard Spencer, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Barrington, Knight
+  Sir George Carie of Devonshire, Knight
+  Sir William Twisden, Knight
+  Sir John Leveson, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Walsingham, Knight
+  Sir Edward Care, Knight
+  Sir Arthure Manwaringe, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Jermyn, Knight
+  Sir Valentine Knightley, Knight
+  Sir John Dodderidge, Knight
+  Sir John Hungerford, Knight
+  Sir John Stradling, Knight
+  Sir John Bourchidd, Knight [Bourchier]
+  Sir John Bennett, Knight
+  Sir Samuel Leonard, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Goodwin, Knight
+  Sir Wareham St. Legier, Knight
+  Sir James Scudamore, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Mildmaie, Knight
+  Sir Percivall Harte, Knight
+  Sir Percivall Willoughby, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Leigh, Knight
+  Sir Henry Goodere, Knight
+  Sir John Cutt, Knight
+  Sir James Parrett, Knight
+  Sir William Craven, Knight
+  Sir John Sammes, Knight
+  Sir Carey Raleigh, Knight
+  Sir William Maynard, Knight
+  Sir Edmund Bowyer, Knight
+  Sir William Cornewallis, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Beomont, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Cunningsby, Knight
+  Sir Henry Beddingfeild, Knight
+  Sir David Murray, Knight
+  Sir William Poole, Knight
+  Sir William Throgmorton, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Grantham, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Stewkley, Knight
+  Sir Edward Heron, Knight
+  Sir Ralph Shelten, Knight
+  Sir Lewes Thesam, Knight
+  Sir Walter Aston, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Denton, Knight
+  Sir Ewstace Hart, Knight
+  Sir John Ogle, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Dale, Knight
+  Sir William Boulstrod, Knight
+  Sir William Fleetwood, Knight
+  Sir John Acland, Knight
+  Sir John Hanham, Knight
+  Sir Roberte Meller, Knight [Millor]
+  Sir Thomas Wilford, Knight
+  Sir William Lower, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Lerdes, Knight [Leedes]
+  Sir Franncis Barneham, Knight
+  Sir Walter Chate, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Tracy, Knight
+  Sir Marmaduke Darrell, Knight
+  Sir William Harrys, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Gerrand, Knight
+  Sir Peter Freetchvile, Knight
+  Sir Richard Trevor, Knight
+  Sir Amias Bamfeild
+  Sir William Smith of Essex, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Hewett, Knight
+  Sir Richard Smith, Knight
+  Sir John Heyward, Knight
+  Sir Christopher Harris, Knight
+  Sir John Pettus, Knight
+  Sir William Strode, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Harfleet, Knight
+  Sir Walter Vaughan, Knight
+  Sir William Herrick, Knight
+  Sir Samuell Saltonstall, Knight
+  Sir Richard Cooper, Knight
+  Sir Henry Fane, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Egiok, Knight
+  Sir Robert Edolph, Knight
+  Sir Arthure Harries, Knight
+  Sir George Huntley, Knight
+  Sir George Chute, Knight
+  Sir Robert Leigh, Knight
+  Sir Richard Lovelace, Knight
+  Sir William Lovelace, Knight
+  Sir Robert Yaxley, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Wortley, Knight
+  Sir Franncis Heiborne, Knight
+  Sir Guy Palme, Knight
+  Sir Richard Bingley, Knight
+  Sir Ambrose Turvill, Knight
+  Sir Nicholas Stoddard, Knight
+  Sir William Gree, Knight
+  Sir Walter Coverte, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Eversfeild, Knight
+  Sir Nicholas Parker, Knight
+  Sir Edward Culpeper, Knight
+  Sir William Ayliffe, Knight, and
+  Sir John Keile, Knight
+  Doctor George Mountaine, Dean of Westminster
+  Lawrence Bohan, Docktor in Phisick
+  Anthony Hinton, Doctor in Phisick
+  John Pawlett
+  Arthure Ingram
+  Anthony Irby
+  John Weld
+  John Walter
+  John Harris
+  Anthony Dyott
+  William Ravenscrofte
+  Thomas Warre
+  William Hackwill
+  Lawrence Hide
+  Nicholas Hide
+  Thomas Stevens
+  Franncis Tate
+  Thomas Coventry
+  John Hare
+  Robert Askwith
+  George Sanndys
+  Franncis Jones
+  Thomas Wentworth
+  Henry Cromewell
+  John Arundell
+  John Culpeper
+  John Hoskins
+  Walter Fitz Williams
+  Walter Kirkham
+  William Roscarrock
+  Richard Carmerdon
+  Edward Carne
+  Thomas Merry
+  Nicholas Lichfeild
+  John Middleton
+  John Smithe, and
+  Thomas Smith, the sonnes of Sir Thomas Smith
+  Peter Franke
+  George Gerrand
+  Gregory Sprynte
+  John Drake
+  Roger Puleston
+  Oliver Nicholas
+  Richard Nunnington [Monyngton]
+  John Vaughan
+  John Evelin
+  Lamorock Stradling
+  John Riddall
+  John Kettleby
+  Warren Townsend
+  Lionell Cranfeild
+  Edward Salter
+  William Litton
+  Humfrey May
+  George Thorpe
+  Henry Sandys, and
+  Edwin Sandys, the sonnes of Sir Edwin Sandys
+  Thomas Conway
+  Captaine Owen Gwinn
+  Captaine Giles Hawkridge
+  Edward Dyer
+  Richard Connock
+  Benjamin Brand
+  Richard Leigh, and
+  Thomas Pelham, Esquiers
+  Thomas Digges, and
+  John Digges, Esquiers, the sonnes of Sir Dudley Diggs, Knight
+  Franncis Bradley
+  Richard Buckminster [Buck]
+  Franncis Burley
+  John Procter
+  Alexannder Whitakers
+  Thomas Frake, thelder, and
+  Henry Freake, thelder, Ministers of God's word
+  The mayor and citizens of Chichester
+  The mayor and jurates of Dover
+  The bailiffs, burgesses and comonalty of Ipswich
+  The mayor and comunalty of Lyme Regis
+  The mayor and comonalty of Sandwich
+  The wardens, assistants and companie of the Trinity House
+  Thomas Martin
+  Franncis Smaleman
+  Augustine Steward
+  Richard Tomlins
+  Humfrey Jobson
+  John Legate
+  Robert Backley [Barkley]
+  John Crowe
+  Edward Backley [Barkley]
+  William Flett [Fleet]
+  Henry Wolstenholme
+  Edmund Alleyn
+  George Tucker
+  Franncis Glanville
+  Thomas Gouge
+  John Evelin
+  William Hall
+  John Smithe
+  George Samms
+  John Robinson
+  William Tucker
+  John Wolstenholme, and
+  Henry Wolstenholme, sonnes of John Wolstenholme, Esquier
+  William Hodges
+  Jonathan Mattall [Nuttall]
+  Phinees Pett
+  Captaine John Kinge
+  Captaine William Beck
+  Giles Alington
+  Franncis Heiton, and
+  Samuell Holliland, gentleman
+  Richard Chamberlaine
+  George Chamberlaine
+  Hewett Staper
+  Humfrey Handford
+  Raph Freeman
+  George Twinhoe [Swinhoe]
+  Richard Pigott
+  Elias Roberts
+  Roger Harris
+  Devereux Wogan
+  Edward Baber
+  William Greenewell
+  Thomas Stilles [Shilds]
+  Nicholas Hooker
+  Robert Garsett
+  Thomas Cordell
+  William Bright
+  John Reynold
+  Peter Bartley
+  John Willett
+  Humfry Smithe
+  Roger Dye
+  Nicholas Leate
+  Thomas Wale
+  Lewes Tate
+  Humfrey Merrett
+  Roberte Peake
+  Powell Isaackson
+  Sebastian Viccars
+  Jarvis Mundes
+  Richard Warner
+  Gresham Hogan Warner
+  Daniell Deruley
+  Andrew Troughton
+  William Barrett
+  Thomas Hodges
+  John Downes
+  Richard Harper
+  Thomas Foxall
+  William Haselden
+  James Harrison
+  William Burrell
+  John Hodsall
+  Richard Fishborne
+  John Miller
+  Edward Cooke
+  Richard Hall, marchaunt
+  Richard Hall, ankersmith
+  John Delbridge
+  Richard Francklin
+  Edmund Scott
+  John Britten
+  Robert Stratt
+  Edmund Pond
+  Edward James
+  Robert Bell
+  Richard Herne
+  William Ferrers
+  William Millett
+  Anthony Abdy
+  Roberte Gore
+  Benjamin Decrow
+  Henry Tunberley [Timberly]
+  Humfrey Basse
+  Abraham Speckart
+  Richard Moorer
+  William Compton
+  Richard Poulsoune [Pontsonne]
+  William Wolaston
+  John Desmont, clothier [Beomont]
+  Alexannder Childe
+  William Fald, fishmonger
+  Franncis Baldwin
+  John Jones, marchant
+  Thomas Plomer
+  Edward Plomer, marchants
+  John Stoickden
+  Robert Tindall
+  Peter Erundell
+  Ruben Bourne
+  Thomas Hampton, and
+  Franncis Carter, citizens of London,
+
+whoe since our said last lettres patent are become adventurers and have
+joined themselves with the former adventurers and planters of the said
+Companie and societie, shall from henceforth be reputed, deemed and
+taken to be and shalbe brethren and free members of the Companie and
+shall and maie, respectively, and according to the proportion and value
+of their severall adventures, have, hold and enjoie all suche interest,
+right, title, priviledges, preheminences, liberties, franchises,
+immunities, profitts and commodities whatsoever, in as lardge, ample and
+beneficiall manner to all intents, construccions and purposes as anie
+other adventures nominated and expressed in anie our former lettres
+patent, or anie of them have or maie have by force and vertue of theis
+presents, or anie our former lettres patent whatsoever.
+
+And we are further pleased and we doe by theis presents grannt and
+confirm that[20]
+
+  Phillipp, Earle of Montgomery
+  William, Lord Paget
+  Sir John Harrington, Knight
+  Sir William Cavendish, Knight
+  Sir John Sammes, Knight
+  Sir Samuell Sandys, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Freke, Knight
+  Sir William St. John, Knight
+  Sir Richard Grobham, Knight
+  Sir Thomas Dale, Knight
+  Sir Cavalliero Maycott, Knight
+  Richard Martin, Esquier
+  John Bingley, Esquier
+  Thomas Watson, Esquier, and
+  Arthure Ingram, Esquier,
+
+whome the said Treasurer and Companie have, since the said [last]
+lettres patent, nominated and sett downe as worthy and discreete persons
+fitt to serve us as Counsellors, to be of our Counsell for the said
+plantacion, shalbe reputed, deemed and taken as persons of our said
+Councell for the said First Colonie in such manner and sort to all
+intents and purposes as those whoe have bin formerly ellected and
+nominated as our Counsellors for that Colonie and whose names have bin
+or are incerted and expressed in our said former lettres patent.
+
+    [Footnote 20: Stith gives the following names only: "Philip,
+    Earl of Mongomery, William, Lord Paget, Sir John
+    Starrington, Knt. &c."]
+
+And we doe hereby ordaine and grannt by theis presents that the said
+Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers and Planters, aforesaid, shall and
+maie, once everie weeke or oftener at their pleasure, hold and keepe a
+court and assembly for the better ordening [ordering] and government of
+the said plantacion and such thinges as shall concerne the same; and
+that anie five persons of the said Counsell for the said First Collonie
+in Virginia, for the time being, of which Companie the Treasurer or his
+deputie allwaies to be one, and the nomber of fifteene others at the
+least of the generality of the said Companie assembled together in such
+court or assembly in such manner as is and hath bin heretofore used and
+accustomed, shalbe said, taken, held and reputed to be and shalbe a full
+and sufficient court of the said Companie for the handling, ordring and
+dispatching of all such casuall and particuler occurrences and
+accidentall matters of lesse consequence and waight, as shall from time
+to time happen, touching and concerning the said plantacion.
+
+And that, nevertheles, for the handling, ordring and disposing of
+matters and affaires of great waight and importance and such as shall or
+maie in anie sort concerne the weale publike and generall good of the
+said Companie and plantacion as namely, the manner of government from
+time to time to be used, the ordring and disposing of the said
+possessions and the setling and establishing of a trade there, or such
+like, there shalbe held and kept everie yeare uppon the last Wednesdaie
+save one of Hillary, Easter, Trinity and Michaelmas termes, for ever,
+one great, generall and solemne assembly, which fower severall
+assemblies shalbe stiled and called The Fower Great and Generall Courts
+of the Counsell and Companie of Adventurers for Virginia; in all and
+every of which said great and generall Courts soe assembled our will and
+pleasure is and we doe, for us, our heires and successors forever, give
+and grannt to the said Treasurer and Companie and their successors for
+ever by theis presents, that they, the said Treasurer and Companie or
+the greater nomber of them soe assembled, shall and maie have full power
+and authoritie from time to time and att all times hereafter to ellect
+and choose discreet persons to be of our [said] Counsell for the said
+First Colonie in Virginia and to nominate and appoint such officers as
+theie shall thinke fitt and requisit for the government, managing,
+ordring and dispatching of the affaires of the said Companie; and shall
+likewise have full power and authority to ordaine and make such lawes
+and ordinances for the good and wellfare of the said plantacion as to
+them from time to time shalbe thought requisite and meete: soe allwaies
+as the same be not contrary to the lawes and statutes of this our realme
+of England; and shall in like manner have power and authority to
+expulse, disfranchise and putt out of and from their said Companie and
+societie for ever all and everie such person and persons as having
+either promised or subscribed their names to become adventurers to the
+said plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia, or having bin
+nominated for adventurers in theis or anie our lettres patent or having
+bin otherwise admitted and nominated to be of the said Companie, have
+nevertheles either not putt in anie adventure [at] all for and towards
+the said plantacion or els have refused and neglected, or shall refuse
+and neglect, to bringe in his or their adventure by word or writing
+promised within sixe monthes after the same shalbe soe payable and due.
+
+And wheras the failing and nonpaiment of such monies as have bin
+promised in adventure for the advanncement of the said plantacion hath
+bin often by experience found to be danngerous and prejudiciall to the
+same and much to have hindred the progresse and proceeding of the said
+plantacion; and for that itt seemeth to us a thing reasonable that such
+persons as by their handwriting have engaged themselves for the payment
+of their adventures, and afterwards neglecting their faith and promise,
+shold be compellable to make good and kepe the same; therefore our will
+and pleasure is that in anie suite or suites comenced or to be comenced
+in anie of our courts att Westminster, or elswhere, by the said
+Treasurer and Companie or otherwise against anie such persons, that our
+judges for the time being both in our Court of Channcerie and at the
+common lawe doe favour and further the said suits soe farre forth as law
+and equitie will in anie wise suffer and permitt.
+
+And we doe, for us, our heires and successors, further give and grannt
+to the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors for ever, that
+theie, the said Tresorer and Companie or the greater part of them for
+the time being, so in a full and generall court assembled as aforesaid
+shall and maie, from time to time and att all times hereafter, for ever,
+ellect, choose and permitt into their Company and society anie person or
+persons, as well straungers and aliens borne in anie part beyond the
+seas wheresoever, being in amity with us, as our naturall liedge
+subjects borne in anie our realmes and dominions; and that all such
+persons soe elected, chosen and admitted to be of the said Companie as
+aforesaid shall thereuppon be taken, reputed and held and shalbe free
+members of the said Companie and shall have, hold and enjoie all and
+singuler freedoms, liberties, franchises, priviledges, immunities,
+benefitts, profitts and commodities, whatsoever, to the said Companie in
+anie sort belonging or apperteining as fully, freely [and] amplie as
+anie other adventurer or adventurers now being, or which hereafter att
+anie time shalbe, of the said Companie, hath, have, shall, maie, might
+or ought to have or enjoy the same to all intents and purposes
+whatsoever.
+
+And we doe further of our speciall grace, certaine knowledge and mere
+mocion, for us, our heires and successors, give and grantt to the said
+Tresorer and Companie and their successors, for ever by theis present,
+that itt shalbe lawfull and free for them and their assignes att all and
+everie time and times hereafter, out of anie our realmes and dominions
+whatsoever, to take, lead, carry and transport in and into the said
+voyage and for and towards the said plantacion of our said First
+Collonie in Virginia, all such and soe manie of our loving subjects or
+anie other straungers that will become our loving subjects and live
+under our allegiance as shall willingly accompanie them in the said
+voyage and plantacion; with shipping, armour, weapons, ordinannce,
+munition, powder, shott, victualls, and all manner of merchandizes and
+wares, and all manner of clothing, implement, furniture, beasts,
+cattell, horses, mares, and all other thinges necessarie for the said
+plantacion and for their use and defence, and for trade with the people
+there and in passing and retourning to and froe, without paying or
+yealding anie subsedie, custome or imposicion, either inward or outward,
+or anie other dutie to us, our heires or successors, for the same, for
+the space of seven yeares from the date of theis present.
+
+And we doe further, for us, our heires and successors, give and grannt
+to the said Treasurer and Companie and their successors for ever, by
+theis present, that the said Treasurer of the said Companie, or his
+deputie for the time being or anie twoe others of our said Counsell for
+the said First Colonie in Virginia for the time being, shall and maie
+attall times hereafter and from time to time, have full power and
+authoritie to minister and give the oath and oathes of supremacie and
+allegiannce, or either of them, to all and every person and persons
+which shall, at anie time and times hereafter, goe or passe to the said
+Colonie in Virginia:
+
+And further, that itt shalbe likewise lawfull for the said Tresorer, or
+his deputy for the time, or anie twoe others of our said Counsell for
+the said First Colonie in Virginia, for the time being, from time to
+time and att all times hereafter, to minister such a formall oathe as by
+their discrescion shalbe reasonably devised, aswell unto anie person or
+persons imployed or to be imployed in, for, or touching the said
+plantacion for their honest, faithfull and just dischardge of their
+service in all such matters as shalbe committed unto them for the good
+and benefitt of the said Company, Colonie and plantacion; as alsoe unto
+such other person or persons as the said Treasurer or his deputie, with
+twoe others of the said Counsell, shall thinke meete for the examinacion
+or clearing of the truith in anie cause whatsoever concerninge the said
+plantacion or anie business from thence proceeding or there unto
+proceeding or thereunto belonging.
+
+And, furthermore, whereas we have ben certefied that diverse lewde and
+ill disposed persons, both sailors, souldiers, artificers, husbandmen,
+laborers, and others, having received wages, apparrell or other
+entertainment from the said Company or having contracted and agreed with
+the said Companie to goe, to serve, or to be imployed in the said
+plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia, have afterwards either
+withdrawen, hid or concealed themselves, or have refused to goe thither
+after they have bin soe entertained and agreed withall; and that divers
+and sundry persons allso which have bin sent and imployed in the said
+plantacion of the said First Colonie in Virginia at and upon the chardge
+of the said Companie, and having there misbehaved themselves by
+mutinies, sedition, and other notorious misdemeanors, or having bin
+employed or sent abroad by the governor of Virginia or his deputie with
+some ship or pinnace for provisions for the said Colonie, or for some
+discoverie or other buisines and affaires concerning the same, have from
+thence most trecherouslie either come back againe and retorned into our
+realme of England by stelth or without licence of our Governor of our
+said Colonie in Virginia for the time being, or have bin sent hither as
+misdoers and offenders; and that manie allsoe of those persons after
+their retourne from thence, having bin questioned by our said Counsell
+here for such their misbehaviors and offences, by their insolent and
+contemptuous carriage in the presence of our said Counsaile, have shewed
+little respect and reverence, either to the place or authoritie in which
+we have placed and appointed them; and others, for the colouring of
+their lewdnes and misdemeanors committed in Virginia, have endeavored
+them by most vile and slanndrous reports made and divulged, aswell of
+the cuntrie of Virginia as alsoe of the government and estate of the
+said plantacion and Colonie, as much as in them laie, to bring the said
+voyage and plantacion into disgrace and contempt; by meanes where of not
+only the adventures and planters alreadie ingaged in the said plantacion
+have bin exceedingly abused and hindred, and a greate nomber of other
+our loving and welldisposed subjects otherwise well affected and
+inclyning to joine and adventure insoe noble, Christian and worthie an
+action have bin discouraged from the same, but allsoe the utter
+overthrow and ruine of the said enterprise hath bin greatlie indanngered
+which cannott miscarrie without some dishonor to us and our kingdome;
+
+Now, for asmuch as it appeareth unto us that theis insolences,
+misdemeanors and abuses, not to be tollerated in anie civill government,
+have for the most part growne and proceeded inregard of our Counsaile
+have not anie direct power and authoritie by anie expresse wordes in our
+former lettres patent to correct and chastise such offenders, we
+therefore, for the more speedy reformacion of soe greate and enormous
+abuses and misdemeanors heretofore practised and committed, and for the
+preventing of the like hereafter, doe by theis present for us, our
+heires and successors, give and grannt to the said Treasurer and
+Companie, and their successors for ever, that itt shall and maie be
+lawfull for our said Councell for the said First Colonie in Virginia or
+anie twoe of them, whereof the said Tresorer or his deputie for the time
+being to be allwaies one, by warrant under their handes to send for, or
+cause to be apprehended, all and every such person and persons who
+shalbe noted or accused or found, att anie time or times here after, to
+offend or misbehave themselves in anie the offences before mencioned and
+expressed; and uppon the examinacion of anie such offender or offendors
+and just proofe made by oath taken before the Counsaile of anie such
+notorious misdemeanors by them committed as aforesaid; and allsoe uppon
+anie insolent, contemptuous or unreverent carriage and misbehavior to or
+against our said Counsell shewed or used by anie such person or persons
+soe called, convented and apearing before them as aforesaid; that in all
+such cases theie, our said Counsell or anie twoe of them for the time
+being, shall and maie have full power and authoritie either here to
+binde them over with good suerties for their good behaviour and further
+therein to proceed to all intents and purposes, as itt is used in other
+like cases within our realme of England; or ells att their discrescion
+to remannd and send back the said offenders or anie of them unto the
+said Colonie in Virginia, there to be proceeded against and punished as
+the Governor, deputie and Counsell there for the time being shall thinke
+meete; or otherwise, according to such lawes and ordinannces as are or
+shalbe in use there for the well ordring and good governement of the
+said Colonie.
+
+And, for the more effectuall advanncing of the said plantacion, we doe
+further, for us, our heires and successors, of our especiall grace and
+favour, by vertue of our prorogative royall and by the assent and
+consent of the Lordes and others of our Privie Counsalle, give and
+grannte unto the said Tresorer and Companie full power and authoritie,
+free leave, libertie and licence to sett forth, errect and publishe one
+or more lotterie or lotteries to have continuance and to [endure] and be
+held for the space of one whole yeare next after the opening of the
+same, and after the end and expiracion of the said terme the said
+lotterie or lotteries to continue and be further kept, during our will
+and pleasure onely and not otherwise. And yet, nevertheles, we are
+contented and pleased, for the good and wellfare of the said plantacion,
+that the said Tresorer and Companie shall, for the dispatch and
+finishing of the said lotterie or lotteries, have six months warninge
+after the said yeare ended before our will and pleasure shall, for and
+on that behalfe, be construed, deemed and adjudged to be in anie wise
+altered and determined.
+
+And our further will and pleasure is that the said lottery or lottaries
+shall and maie be opened and held within our cittie of London or in anie
+other cittie or citties, or ellswheare within this our realme of
+England, with such prises, articles, condicions and limitacions as to
+them, the said Tresorer and Companie, in their discreascions shall seeme
+convenient.
+
+And that itt shall and may be lawfull to and for the said Tresorer and
+Companie to ellect and choose receivors, auditors, surveyors,
+comissioners, or anie other officers whatsoever, att their will and
+pleasure for the better marshalling and guiding and governing of the
+said lottarie or lottaryes; and that itt shalbe likewise lawfull to and
+for the said Tresorer and anie twoe of the said Counsell to minister
+unto all and everie such persons soe ellected and chosen for officers as
+aforesaid one or more oathes for their good behaviour, just and true
+dealing in and about the lottarie or lottaries to the intent and purpose
+that none of our loving subjects, putting in their monies or otherwise
+adventuring in the said generall lotterie or lottaries, maie be in anie
+wise defrauded and deceived of their said monies or evill and
+indirectlie dealt withall in their said adventures.
+
+And we further grannt in manner and forme aforesaid, that itt shall and
+maie be lawfull to and for the said Treasurer and Companie, under the
+scale of our Counsell for the plantacion, to publishe or to cause and
+procure to be published by proclamacion or otherwise, the said
+proclamacion to be made in their name by vertue of theise present, the
+said lottarie or lotteries in all citties, townes, boroughts,
+throughfaires and other places within our said realme of England; and we
+will and commande all mayors, justices of peace, sheriffs, bayliffs,
+constables and other our officers and loving subjects whatsoever, that
+in noe wise theie hinder or delaie the progresse and proceeding of the
+said lottarie or lottaries but be therein and, touching the premisses,
+aiding and assisting by all honest, good and lawfull meanes and
+endevours.
+
+And further our will and pleasure is that in all questions and dobts
+that shall arise uppon anie difficultie of construccion or
+interpretacion of anie thing conteined in theis or anie other our former
+lettres patent the same shalbe taken and interpreted in most ample and
+beneficiall manner for the said Tresorer and Companie and their
+successors and everie member there of.
+
+And lastly we doe by theis present retifie and confirme unto the said
+Treasorer and Companie, and their successors for ever, all and all
+manner of priviledges, franchises, liberties, immunities, preheminences,
+profitts and commodities whatsoever grannted unto them in anie our
+[former] lettres patent and not in theis present revoked, altered,
+channged or abridged. Although expresse mencion [of the true yearly
+value or certainty of the premises, or any of them, or of any other gift
+or grant, by us or any of our progenitors or predecessors, to the
+aforesaid Tresurer and Company heretofore made, in these Presents is not
+made; or any statute, act, ordinance, provisions, proclamation, or
+restraint, to the contrary thereof heretofore made, ordained, or
+provided, or any other matter, cause, or thing, whatsoever, to the
+contrary, in any wise, notwithstanding.]
+
+In witnes whereof [we have caused these our letters to be made patents.]
+Wittnes our selfe att Westminster, the twelveth daie of March [1612] [in
+the ninth year of our reign of England, France, and Ireland, and of
+Scotland the five and fortieth.]
+
+          Per breve de privato sigillo, etc.
+
+P. R. O. Chancery Patent Rolls (c. 66), 1709; Stith, Appendix, pp.
+23-32; Hening, Vol. I, pp. 98-110.
+
+
+
+
+  VIRGINIA COMPANY. INSTRUCTIONS TO
+  GEORGE YEARDLEY
+
+  (Sometimes called "The Great Charter")[21]
+
+    [Footnote 21: There is no authority in these Instructions
+    for the Governor to establish a General Assembly. There is,
+    however, evidence in the Instructions to Wyatt (p. 123) that
+    a "Commission" was given to Yeardley which granted this
+    authority.]
+
+
+
+
+NOVEMBER 18, 1618
+
+
+The Treasurer and Companie of Adventurers and Planters of the City of
+London for the First Colony in Virginia to Captain George Yeardley,
+Elect Governor of Virginia, and to the Council of State there being or
+to be, greeting:
+
+Our former cares and endeavours have been chiefly bent to the procuring
+and sending people to plant in Virginia so to prepare a way and to lay a
+foundation whereon a flourishing state might, in process of time by the
+blessing of Almighty God, be raised. Now our trust being that under the
+goverment of you, Captain Yeardly, with the advice and assistance of the
+said Council of State, such public provisions of corn and cattle will
+again be raised as may draw on those multitudes who, in great abundance
+from diverse parts of the realm, were preparing to remove thither, if by
+the late decay of the said public store their hopes had not been made
+frustrate and their minds thereby clene discouraged. We have thought
+good to bend our present cares and consultations, according to the
+authority granted unto us from His Majesty under his Great Seal, to the
+setling there of a laudable form of government by majestracy and just
+laws for the happy guiding and governing of the people there inhabiting,
+like as we have already done for the well ordering of our courts here
+and of our officers and accions for the behoof of that plantation. And
+because our intent is to ease all the inhabitants of Virginia forever of
+all taxes and public burthens, as much as may be, and to take away all
+occasion of oppression and corruption, we have thought fit to begin
+(according to the laudable example of the most famous common wealthes
+both past and present) to alot and lay out a convenient portion of
+public lands for the maintenance and support as well of magistracy and
+officers as of other public charges both here and there from time to
+time arising. We, therefore, the said Treasurer and Company, upon a
+solemn treaty and resolution and with the advice, consent and assent of
+His Majesties Council here of Virginia, being assembled in a great and
+general Court of the Council and Company of Adventurers for Virginia,
+require you, the said Governor and Council of Estate, to put in
+execution with all convenient speed a former order of our courts (which
+had been commended also to Captain Argal at his making Deputy Governor)
+for the laying and seting out by bounds and metes of three thousand
+acres of land in the best and most convenient place of the territory of
+James town in Virginia and next adjoining to the said town to be the
+seat and land of the Governor of Virginia for the time being, and his
+successors, and to be called by the name of the Governors Land, which
+Governors Land shall be of the freed grounds by the common labor of the
+people sent thither at the Companies charges, and of the lands formerly
+conquered or purchased of the Paspeheies and of other grounds next
+adjoining. In like sort we require you to set and lay out by bounds and
+metes other three thousand acres of good land within the territory of
+James town which shall be convenient, and in such place or places as in
+your discretions you shall find meet; which latter three thousand acres
+shall be and so called the Companies Land. And we require you, Captain
+Yeardley, that immediately upon your arrival you take unto you the guard
+assigned to Captain Argal at his going Deputy Governor, or sithence by
+him assumed, to be of your guard [for the better defence][22] of your
+Government; and that as well the said guard as also fifty other persons,
+now sent and transported with you, you place as tennants on the said
+Governors Land and that all other persons heretofore transported at the
+common charge of the Company since the coming away of Sir Thomas Dale,
+Knight, late Deputy Governor, be placed as tennants on the said
+Companies Lands. And we will and ordain that all the said tennants on
+the Governors and Companies Lands shall occupy the same to the half part
+of the profits of the said lands, so as the one half to be and belong to
+the said tennants themselves and the other half respectively to the said
+Governor and to us, the said Treasurer and Company and our successors.
+And we further will and ordain that of the half profits arising out of
+the said Companies Lands and belonging to us, the said Treasurer and
+Company, the one moiety be imploied for the entertainment of the said
+Councel of Estate there residing and of other public officers of the
+general Colony and plantation (besides the Governor), according to the
+proportion as hereafter we shall express and in the mean time as you in
+your discretions shall think meet. And the other moiety be carefully
+gathered, kept and shipped for England for the public use of us, the
+said Treasurer and Company and our successors. And we will and ordain
+that, out of the half profits of the said Companies Lands to us
+belonging, one fifth part be deducted and alotted for the wages of the
+bailiffs and other officers which shall have the oversight and goverment
+of the said tenants and lands, and the dividing, gathering, keeping or
+shiping of the particular moiety of the profits belonging either to the
+said Council and officer there or to us, the said Treasurer and Company
+and our successors, as aforesaid. Provided alwaies, that out of the said
+Companies Land a sufficient part be exempted and reserved for the
+securing and wintering of all sorts of cattle which are or shall be the
+public stock and store of the said Company. And forasmuch as our intent
+is to establish one equal [blank of several lines][23] plantations,
+whereof we shall speak afterwards, be reduced into four cities or
+burroughs, namely: the cheif city called James town, Charles City,
+Henrico, and the Burrough of Kiccowtan. And that in all these foresaid
+cities or burroughs and ancient adventurers and planters which [were]
+transported thither, with intent to inhabit at their own costs and
+charges, before the coming away of Sir Thomas Dale, Knight, and have so
+continued during the space of three years, shall have upon a first
+division, to be afterward by us augmented, one hundred acres of land for
+their personal adventure and as much for every single share of twelve
+pound ten shillings paid [for such share], allotted and set out to be
+held by them, their heirs and assigns, forever. And that for all such
+planters as were brought thither at the Companies charge to inhabit
+there, before the coming away of the said Sir Thomas Dale, after the
+time of their service to the Company on the common Land agreed shall be
+expired, there be set out one hundred acres of land for each of their
+personal adventurers to be held by them, their heirs and assigns, for
+ever; paying for every fifty acres the yearly free rent of one shilling
+to the said Treasurer and Company and their successors, at one entire
+payment on the feast day of St Michael the Archangel, for ever. And in
+regard that by the singular industry and virtue of the said Sir Thomas
+Dale the former difficulties and dangers were in greatest part overcome
+to the great ease and security of such as have been since that time
+transported thither, we do, therefore, hereby ordain that all such
+persons as sithence the coming away of the said Sir Thomas Dale have at
+their own charges been transported thither to inhabit, and so continued
+as aforesaid, there be allotted and set out upon a first division fifty
+acres of land to them and their heirs, for ever, for their personal
+adventure, paying a free rent of one shilling yearly in manner
+aforesaid.
+
+    [Footnote 22: Editorial insertion by Kingsbury.]
+
+    [Footnote 23: Editorial note by Kingsbury.]
+
+And that all persons which since the going away of the said Sir Thomas
+Dale have been transported thither at the Companies charges, or which
+hereafter shall be so transported, be placed as tenants on the Companies
+lands for term of seven years, occupy the same to the half part of the
+profits as is abovesaid. We therefore will and ordain that other three
+thousand acres of land be set out in the fields and territory of Charles
+City; and other three thousand acres of land in the fields and
+territories of Henrico; and other three thousand acres of land in the
+fields and territory of Kiccowtan, all which to be and be called the
+Companies Lands and to be occupied by the Companies tenants for half
+profits as afore said. And that the profits belonging to the Company be
+disposed by their several moieties in the same manner as before set down
+touching the Companies lands in the territory of James Town with like
+allowance to the bailies and reservation of ground for the common store
+of cattle in those several places, as is there set down. And our will is
+that such of the Companies tenants as already inhabite in those several
+cities or burroughs be not removed to any other city or burrough but
+placed on the Companies Lands belonging to those cities or burroughs
+where they now inhabite; provided alwaies, that if any private person,
+without fraud or injurious intent to the public at his own charges, have
+freed any of the said lands formerly appointed to the Governor, he may
+continue and inhabite there till a valuable recompence be made him for
+his said charges. And we do hereby ordain that the Governors house in
+James town, first built by Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, at the charges and
+by the servants of the Company, and since enlarged by others by the very
+same means, be and continue for ever the Governors house, any pretended
+undue grant made by misinformation and not in a general and quarter
+court to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding. And to the intent that
+godly, learned and painful ministers may be placed there for the service
+of Almighty God & for the spiritual benefit and comfort of the people,
+we further will and ordain that in every of those cities or burroughs
+the several quantity of one hundred acres of land be set out in quality
+of glebe land toward the maintenance of the several ministers of the
+parishes to be there limited; and for a further supply of their
+maintenance there be raised a yearly standing and certain contribution
+out of the profits growing or renuing within the several farmes of the
+said parish; and so as to make the living of every minister, two hundred
+pounds sterling per annum or more as hereafter there shall be cause. And
+for a further ease to the inhabitants of all taxes and contributions for
+the support and entertainment of the particular magistrates and officers
+and of other charges to the said citys and burroughs, respectively
+belonging, we likewise will and ordain that within the precincts or
+territories of the said cities and burroughs shall be set out and
+alotted the several quantities of fifteen hundred acres of land to be
+the common land of the said citie or burrough, for the uses aforesaid,
+and to be known and called by the name of the Cities or Burroughs Land.
+And whereas, by a special grant and licence from His Majesty, a general
+contribution over this realm hath been made for the building and
+planting of a college for the training up of the children of those
+infidels in true religion, moral virtue and civility, and for other
+godly uses, we do, therefore, according to a former grant and order,
+hereby ratifie, confirm and ordain that a convenient place be chosen and
+set out for the planting of a university at the said Henrico in time to
+come and that in the mean time preparation be there made for the
+building of the said college for the children of the infidels, according
+to such instructions as we shall deliver; and we will and ordain that
+ten thousand acres, partly of the lands they impaled and partly of other
+land within the territory of the said Henrico, be alotted and set out
+for the endowing of the said university and college with convenient
+possessions. Whereas also we have heretofore, by order of court in
+consideration of the long, good and faithful service done by you,
+Captain George Yeardley, in our said Colony and plantation of Virginia,
+and in reward there of as also in regard of two single shares in money
+paid into our treasury, granted unto you, the said Captain Yeardley, all
+that parcel of marsh ground called Weynock and also one other peice and
+percel of land adjoining to the same marsh called by the Natives
+_Konwan_, one parcel whereof abutteth upon a creek there called Mapscock
+towards the east, and the other parcel thereof towards a creek there
+called Queens Creek on the west and extendeth in breadth to landward
+from the head of the said creek called Mapscock up to the head of the
+said creek called Queens Creek (which creek called Queens Creek is
+opposite to that point there which is now called the Tobacco point and
+abutteth south upon the River and north to the Landward), all which
+several lands are or shall be henceforward accounted to be lying within
+the territory of the said Charles City and exceed not the quantity of
+two thousand and two hundred acres, we therefore, the said Treasurer and
+Company, do hereby again grant, ratifie and confirm unto you, the said
+Captain George Yeardley, the said several grounds and lands; to have and
+to hold the said grounds and lands to you, the said Captain George
+Yeardley, your heirs and assigns, for ever. And for the better
+encouragement of all sorts of necessary and laudable trades to be set up
+and exercised within the said four cities burroughs, we do hereby ordain
+that if any artizans or trademen shall be desirous rather to follow his
+particular art or trade then to be imploied in husbandry or other rural
+business, it shall be lawful for you, the said Governor and Councel, to
+alot and set out within any of the precincts aforesaid one dwelling
+house with four acres of land adjoining and held in fee simple to every
+said tradsman, his heirs and assigns for ever, upon condition that the
+said tradesman, his heirs and assigns do continue and exercise his trade
+in the said house paying only a free rent of four pence by the year to
+us, the said Treasurer and Company and our successors, at the feast of
+St Michael the Archangel, for ever. And touching all other particular
+plantations set out or like to be set out in convenient multitudes,
+either by divers of the ancient adventurers associating themselves
+together (as the Society of Smiths Hundred and Martins Hundred) or by
+some ancient adventurer or planter associating others unto him (as the
+plantation of Captain Samuel Argall and Captain John Martin and that by
+the late Lord La Warre advanced) or by some new adventurers joining
+themselves under one head (as the plantation of Christopher Lawne,
+Gentleman, and others now in providing), our intent being according to
+the rules of justice and good government to alot unto every one his due
+yet so as neither to breed disturbance to the right of others nor to
+interrupt the good form of government intended for the benefit of the
+people and strength of the Colony; we do therefore will and ordain that
+of the said particular plantations none be placed within five miles of
+the said former cities and boroughs, and that if any man, out of his own
+presumption or pleasure without special direction from us, hath
+heretofore done otherwise a convenient time be assigned him and then by
+your discretions to remove to some farther place by themselves, to be
+chosen with the allowance and assent of the Governor for the time being
+and the Council of Estate; and that the inhabitants of the said city or
+burrough too near unto which he or they were placed make him and them a
+valuable recompense for their charges and expence of time in freeing of
+grounds and building within those precincts; in like sort, we ordain
+that no latter particular plantation shall at any time hereafter be
+seated within ten miles of a former; we also will and ordain that no
+particular plantation be or shall be placed straglingly in divers places
+to the weakening of them, but be united together in one seat and
+territory that so also they may be incorporated by us into one body
+corporate and live under equal and like law and orders with the rest of
+the Colony; we will and ordain also for the preventing of all fraud in
+abusing of our grants, contrary to the intent and just meaning of them,
+that all such person or persons as have procured or hereafter shall
+procure grants from us in general words unto themselves and their
+associates or to like effect shall within one year after the date hereof
+deliver up to us in writing, under their hands and seals, as also unto
+you, the said Governor and Councel, what be or were the names of those
+their first associates; and if they be of the adventurers of us, the
+Company which have paid into our treasury money for their shares, that
+then they express in that their writing for how many shares they join in
+the said particular plantation, to the end a due proportion of land may
+be set out unto them and we the said Treasurer and Company be not
+defrauded of our due; and if they be not of the adventurers of the
+Company which have paid into our treasury money for their shares, yet
+are gone to inhabit there and so continue for three years, there be
+allotted and set out fifty acres of land for every such person paying a
+free rent of twelve pence the year, in manner aforesaid, and all such
+persons having been planted there since the coming away of Sir Thomas
+Dale; and forasmuch as we understand that certain persons, having
+procured such grants in general words to themselves and their associates
+or to like effect, have corruptly of late endeavoured for gain and worse
+respects to draw many of the ancient planters of the said four cities or
+burroughs to take grants also of them and thereby to become associated
+unto them with intent also by such means to overstrengthen their party;
+and thereupon have adventured on divers enormous courses tending to the
+great hurt and hindrance of the Colony; yea, and have also made grants
+of like association to masters of ships and mariners never intending
+there to inhabit, thereby to defraud His Majesty of the customs due unto
+him; we, to remedy and prevent such unlawful and greedy courses tending
+also directly to faction and sedition, do hereby ordain that it shall
+not be lawful for the grantees of such grants to associate to any other
+unto them then such as were their associates from the first time of the
+said grants, without express licence of us, the said Treasurer and
+Company, in a great general and quarter court under our seal obtained;
+and that all such after or under grants of association made or to be
+made by the said grantees shall be to all intents and purposes utterly
+void. And for as much as we understand that divers particular persons
+(not members of our Company), with their companies, have provided or are
+in providing to remove into Virginia with intent (as appeareth) by way
+of association to shroud themselves under the general grants last
+aforesaid, which may tend to the great disorder of our Colony and
+hinderance of the good government which we desire to establish, we do
+therefore hereby ordain that all such persons as of their own voluntary
+will and authority shall remove into Virginia, without any grant from us
+in a great general and quarter court in writing under our seal, shall be
+deemed (as they are) to be occupiers of our land, that is to say, of the
+common lands of us, the said Treasurer and Company; and shall yearly pay
+unto us for the said occupying of our land one full fourth part of the
+profits thereof till such time as the same shall be granted unto them by
+us in manner aforesaid, and touching all such as being members of our
+Company and adventurers by their monies paid into our treasury, shall
+either in their own person or by their agents, tennants or servants set
+up in Virginia any such particular plantation, tho with the privity of
+us, the said Treasurer and Company, yet without any grant in writing
+made in our said general quarter courts as is requisite, we will and
+ordain that the said adventurers or planters shall, within two year
+after the arrival of them or their company in Virginia, procure our
+grant in writing to be made, in our general quarter court and under our
+seal, of the lands by them possessed or occupied, or from thenceforth
+shall be deemed only occupiers of the common land, as is aforesaid, till
+such times as our said grant shall be obtained. We also not more
+intending the reformation of the errors of the said     [24] than for
+advancing of them into good courses and therein to assist them by all
+good means, we further hereby ordain that to all such of the said
+particular [24] as shall truly fully observe the orders afore and
+hereafter specified there be alotted and set out, over and above our
+former grants, one hundred acres of glebe land for the Minister of every
+[24] and fifteen hundred acres of burough land for the public use of the
+said plantation; not intending yet hereby either to abridge or enlarge
+such grant of glebe or common land as shall be made in any of our grants
+in writing to any of the said particular plantations; we also will and
+ordain that the like proportion of maintenance out of the     [24] and
+profits of the earth be made for the several ministers of the said
+particular plantations as have been before set down for the Ministers of
+the said former cities and burroughs; we will and ordain that the
+Governor for the time being and the said Council of Estate do justly
+perform or cause to be performed all such grants, covenants and articles
+as have or shall be in writing in our great and general quarter courts
+to any of the said particular plantations, declaring all other grants of
+lands in Virginia, not made in one of our great and general quarter
+courts, by force of His Majesties letters patents to be void. And to the
+end aforesaid we will and ordain that all our grants in writing under
+our seal, made in our great and general quarter courts, be entered into
+your records to be kept there in Virginia; yet directly forbiding that a
+charter of land granted to Captain Samuel Argal and his associates,
+bearing date the twentieth of March, 1616, be entered in your records or
+otherwise at all respected, forasmuch as the same was obtained by slight
+and cunning; and afterwards upon suffering him to go Governor of
+Virginia was by his own voluntary act left in our custody to be
+cancelled upon grant of a new charter which     [24] We do also hereby
+declare that heretofore in one of our said general and quarter courts we
+have ordained and enacted and in this present court have ratified and
+confirmed these orders and laws following: that all grants of lands,
+privileges and liberties in Virginia hereafter to be made, be passed by
+indenture, a counterpart whereof to be sealed by the grantees and to be
+kept     [25] the Companies     [25] evidences; and that the Secretary of
+the Company have the engrossing of all such indentures; that no patents
+or indentures of grants of land in Virginia be made and sealed but in a
+full, general and quarter court, the same having been first thoroughly
+perused and approved under the hands of a select committee for that
+purpose     [25] that all grants of     [25] in Virginia to such
+adventurers as have heretofore brought in their money here to the
+treasury for their several shares, being of twelve pounds ten shillings
+the share, be of one hundred acres the share upon the first division and
+of as many more upon a second division, when the land of the first
+division shall be sufficiently peopled; and for every person which they
+shall transport thither within seven years after Midsummer Day, one
+thousand six hundred and eighteen, if he continue there three years or
+dye in the mean time after he is shiped it be of fifty acres the person
+upon the first division and fifty more upon a second division, the land
+of the first being sufficiently peopled, without paying any rent to the
+Company for the one or the other; and that in all such grants the names
+of the said adventurers and the several number of each of their shares
+be expressed; provided alwaies, and it is ordained, that if the said
+adventurers or any of them do not truly and effectually, with one year
+next after the sealing of the said grant, pay and discharge all such
+sums of money wherein by subscription (or otherwise upon notice thereof
+given from the auditors) they stand indebted to the Company, or if the
+said adventurers, or any of them having not lawful right, either by
+purchase from the Company or by assignment from some other former
+adventurers, within one year after the said grant or by special gift of
+the Company upon merit preceding in a full quarter court, to so many
+shares as he or they pretend, do not within one year after the said
+grant, satisfie and pay to the said Treasurer and Company for every
+share so wanting after the rate of twelve pounds ten shillings the
+share, that then the said grant for so much as concerneth the     [25]
+part and all the shares of the said person so behind and not satisfying
+as aforesaid shall be utterly void; provided also, and it is ordained,
+that the grantees shall from time to time during the said seven years
+make a true certificate to the said Treasurer, Councel and Company from
+the chief officer or officers of the places respectively, of the number,
+names, ages, sex, trades and conditions of every such person so
+transported or shiped, to be entered by the Secretary into a register
+book for that purpose to be made; that for all persons not comprised in
+the order next before which during the next seven years after Midsummer
+day, 1618, shall go into Virginia with intent there to inhabite, if they
+continue there three years or dye after they are shiped there shall be a
+grant made of fifty acres for every person upon a first division and as
+many more upon a second division (the first being peopled), which grants
+to be made respectively to such persons and their heirs at whose charges
+the said persons going to inhabite in Virginia shall be transported with
+reservation of twelve pence yearly rent for every fifty acres to be
+answered to the said Treasurer and Company and their successors for
+ever, after the first seven years of every such grant; in which grants a
+provisoe to be inserted that the grantees shall from time to time during
+the said seven years make a true certificate to the said Treasurer,
+Councel and Company, from the chief officer or officers of places
+respectively, of the number, names, ages, sex, trades and conditions of
+every such person so transported or shiped, to be entred by the
+Secretary into a register book for that purpose to be made; that all
+grants as well of one sort as the other respectively be made with equal
+favours, and grants of like liberties and immunities as near as may be
+to the end that all complaint of partiality [or] differencie may be
+prevented. All which said orders we hereby will and ordain to be firmly
+and unvoilably kept and observed and that the inhabitants of Virginia
+have notice of them for their use and benefit. Lastly, we do hereby
+require and authorize you, the said Captain George Yeardley and the said
+Council of Etats, associating with you such other as you shall there
+find meet, to survey or cause to be survey'd all the lands and
+territories in Virginia above mentioned and the same to set out by
+bounds and metes, especially so as that the territories of the said
+several cities and buroughs and other particular plantations may be
+conveniently divided and known the one from the other; each survey to be
+set down distinctly in writing and returned to us under your hands and
+seals. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our common seal, given in
+a great and general court of the Council and Company of Adventurers of
+Virginia held the eighteenth day of November, 1618; and in the years of
+the reign of our soverain Lord James, by the grace of God, King of
+England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., Vizt.
+of England, France and Ireland the sixteenth and of Scotland the two and
+fiftieth. Novr. 18, 1618.
+
+Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 98-109.
+
+    [Footnote 24: Blank space.]
+
+    [Footnote 25: Blank space.]
+
+
+
+
+  VIRGINIA COMPANY. INSTRUCTIONS TO
+  THE GOVERNOR AND COUNCIL OF STATE
+  IN VIRGINIA
+
+
+
+
+JULY 24, 1621
+
+
+Instructions to the Governor for the time being and Counsell of State in
+Virginia:
+
+1. First wee requier you in gennerall take into spetiall regard and
+estimation the service of Almightie God and observance of his divine
+lawes and that the people in Virginia bee trained up in true religion,
+god lives and vertue, that ther example may be a meanes to winn the
+infidells to God: wherin wee pray you especiallie to have in daly
+rememberance that the patterne which you shall give in your owne persons
+& in your families wilbee of singular and chief moment whatt may soever
+itt shall propend. And since our gennerall endeavours and designes have
+nott yett effected a due establishment of the honor and rights
+belonginge to the Church and ministerie, wee must requier your most
+earnest care to advance all things appertayninge thereunto, seriously
+endeavoring the establishment of due order in administringe of all
+services according to the usuall forme and discipline of the Church of
+England and carefullie avoidinge all factious and needlesse novelties
+tending onlie to the disturbance of peace and unitie; and that such
+ministers as have been or shalbe sent from time to time may bee
+respected and mainteined according to the orders made in that behalfe,
+also for accomodatinge the churches or places for divine service.
+
+2. Wee praie you likewise take care, that the people now ther or
+hereafter inhabitinge bee kept in due obedience to His Majestie and that
+they all take the oaths of supremacie and allegiance; and that you
+provide that justice bee equallie administered to all His Majesties
+subjects ther resideing, and as neare as may be after the forme of this
+realme of England, wherin you are to have a vigilant care to prevent
+corruption amongst your inferior officers tending to the perverting or
+delaying of justice; wee praie you also to have espetiall care that no
+injurie or oppresion bee wrought by the English against any of the
+natives of that countrie wherby the present peace may be disturbed and
+ancient quarrells (now buried) might be revived; provided, nevertheles,
+that the honor of our nation and safety of our people bee still
+preserved and all maner of insolence committed by the natives be
+severely and sharpelie punished.
+
+3. Item: that you cause our people to applie themselves to an
+industrious course of life in followeinge ther buissinesies, each in the
+several degre and proffession, and that no man bee suffered to live
+idly, the example wherof might prove pernicious to the rest; in
+perticular that you bee carefull now in the begining to suppresse too
+much gaming and above all things that odious vice of drunkenes; and that
+all kinde of riott both in apparrell & otherwise bee eschewed; and that
+an edict bee speedily published that no person residing in Virginia
+(excepting those of the Counsill and heads of hundreds and plantations,
+ther wives & chilldren) shall weare any gold in ther clothes or any
+apparrell of silke, untill such time they have itt of the silke ther
+made by silkewormes & raised by ther owne industry.
+
+4. Item: that you use good prudence that no just cause of offence bee
+given to any other prince, state or people which are in league or amitie
+with His Majestie; and that no captaine or other of our Colonie under
+pretence of trade to the coast of the West Indies bee suffred to saile
+out with anie vessell ther to robb & spoile wherby to provoke any other
+nation against us; and that no piratts have cause by ... accesse to
+retier with ther purchasses to the coast of Virginia, but that they be
+severlie punnished & ther goods confiscated: for the preventing of
+which, as alsoe for securing your selves against all forraigne ennimies,
+wee require your serious considerations for the speedie errecting of
+fortresses or blockhouses at the mouth of the river as also for all
+other manner of needfull fortifications in all places, and to the
+effecting hereof wee requirer you, as well private persons as hundreds
+and corporations, bee ratablie proportioned to the performance of
+certaine dayes worke by the yeare.
+
+5. Item: that the best meanes bee used to draw the better disposed of
+the natives to converse with our people and labor amongst them with
+convenient reward that therby they may growe to a likeing and love of
+civility and finallie bee brought to the knowledge and love of God and
+true religion, which may prove also of great strength to our people
+against the savages or other invadors, whatsoever; and they may bee fitt
+instruments to assist afterwards in the more gennerall conversion of the
+heathen people which wee somuch desier.
+
+6. Item: that for the laying of the surer foundation for the said
+conversion, that each towne, cittie, burrough and other particular
+plantation bee procured to obtaine to themselves by just meanes a
+certaine number of the chilldren of the natives to be educated by them
+in true religion and a civill course of life; of which chilldren the
+most towardlie boyes in will and graces of nature to bee brought up by
+them in the first elements of literature so to bee fitted for the
+colledge, in the fabricke whereof we purpose to proceed assoone as any
+proffit returned from the tenantes shall enhable us; and doe therfore
+verie ernestlie requier your uttermost helps aswell for the improveinge
+of ther labors, as for the true account and returne of the proffitts
+already due, that so that busines of the colledge may goe forward with
+which wee doubt not a particular blessing of God will goe a long uppon
+the Collony ther as wee are assured the love of all good men here to the
+plantation will therby be encreased.
+
+7. Item: that imediatlie after the gatheringe in of the present yeares
+cropp by Sir George Yeardlie, wee requier that the land belonging to the
+place of Governor bee resigned to Sir Francis Wyate and that ther bee
+delivered to him by Sir George Yeardly the hundred tenants well
+furnished which wee sent him for the place; and if ther bee any of them
+wanting, Sir George Yeardly is out of his private to make good the full
+nomber of a hundred, which wee hope hee will gladlie doe, remembringe
+our courtesie in the addition of thirtie able persons sent him the
+former springe to supplie those that wee understood through mortallitie
+had failed; as also our refusing to accept of his offer to depart
+[part?] with all the proffitt by the Governors land or tenants, onlie
+exspecting his care to cultivate well that land and to uphold that
+nomber of a hundred tenants for the place.
+
+8. Item: imediatelie upon the expiracion of Sir George Yeardlys
+goverment on the eighteenth of November next, you shall admitt Sir
+Francis Wiats commission to bee read, whom accordinglie you shall
+receave and publish Governor and Captaine Generall, yealding unto his
+person and place all our respect, honor and observance.
+
+9. Item: the comission for establishing of the Counsell you shall
+publish uppon the deliverie therof and as speedylie as convenientlie you
+may to administer the oath of Counsellors unto the severall persons
+therin named.
+
+10. And forasmuch as ther hath ben in theise late yeares great fault or
+defect in nott putting in execucion our orders of court and Counsell for
+the setting upp & upholdinge those staple comodities which are
+necessarie for the subsisting and encrease of the plantation, which hath
+happned in part by the our chargeing the Governor with toe much
+buissnes, wee have uppon espetiall approvement of the industry and
+sufficiency of George Sandis, Esqr., as also for his faithfulnes and
+plenarie intelligence of our intendments and counsells here (wherunto
+hee hath from time to time bein privie, not only elected and athorised
+him to bee Treasurer in Virginia, butt also committed to his spetiall
+and extreordinarie care the execution of all our orders, charters and
+instructions tending to the setting upp, encrease and maintaininge of
+the said staple comodities); wee, therefore, requier you that upon all
+such occationes wherin the said master ... shall have occation to bee
+employed, you give him all such countenance, help and power in the
+execution therof as you would doe to the Governor himselfe if hee were
+personallie present; and that provition bee made for convenient
+transporting him from place upon all those occations; we have by order
+of our quarter court bearing date the second day of May last, allotted
+unto the place of Treasuror fifteen hundred acres of land and fifty
+tenants wherof twenty five are now sent and twenty five more are to bee
+sent the next Spring; to the place of Marshall (wherunto wee have chosen
+Sir William Neuce) wee have likewise allotted fifteene hundred acres of
+land and fifty tenantes now provided and furnished and deliverid to the
+said Sir William Newce to bee transported this present somer; to the
+place of the Companies Deputie (wherunto wee have formerlie allotted
+twelve hundred acres and forty men) wee have added three hundred acres
+of land and tenn tenants more to bee sent the next springe; to the
+phisitions place wee have allotted twenty tenantes sent last spring and
+five hundred acres of land; to the Secretarie, five hundred acres of
+land and twenty tenantes sent out the last springe; for the accomateinge
+of which severall persons in ther places & offices in the best manner
+according to our promises, furtherance that in you lieth.
+
+11. Item: wee pray you likewise with convenient speed to reveive the
+commissiones formerlie directed to Sir George Yeardly, then Governor,
+and to the Counsell of State ther beareinge date the 18 of November,
+1618, conteining the lawes & orders for dividing the citties and
+burroughs with ther land and people, and sondrie other particularities
+for the well settling of that State. And haveing sent you coppies of all
+such instructions, letters, charters & directions as have here before
+been sent from time to time, wee pray you to peruse them all and what
+soever you shall find not contrarie to any of theise instructions and
+requisite for the behouf of Collonie ther or of the Companie here, wee
+wish you to observe itt as though the same were here particularly
+inserted. Also all orders of courtes that shall bee certified uppon
+peticions or otherwise, under the attest of our Secretaries hand
+referred unto the Governor or Counsell ther, wee pray you see that a due
+course bee taken accordinglie to doe the partie whome it shall concerne
+right and justice, no lesse then if they had been particularly here by
+name commended unto you.
+
+12. Item: that the captaines and heades of everie particular plantation
+or hundreds, as likewise everie cheif officer that hath people under his
+charge, deliver severall catalogues at one of the fower quarter sessions
+of the Counsell yearly as well of the severall names, conditions and
+qualities of those that bee liveing, as also of those that bee dead, and
+likewise of the mariages and christnings hapninge with that place; and
+that the personall goods and estate of the partie deceased bee
+carefullie keptt & reserved to the rightt owners therof; and lastlie
+that a list bee kept of the nomber of all sorts of cattell in each
+particular burrough or plantation; and that you cause the Secretarie
+once everie yeare to returne us hether a perfect coppie of all the
+premisses.
+
+13. Item: that whereas the principall hope of the plantacion dependes
+much on the prosperity of particular Colonies or hundreds, itt wilbe
+verie necessarie that in case of the death or other misaccidents of the
+chief heads of those Colonies, you take into your carefull regaurd the
+conservation of the bodie and sinews of that plantation united,
+preserving the remaines by the best meanes that either industry or
+charity can effect.
+
+14. Item: that according to His Majesties gratious advise and the desire
+& expectacion of the whole state here, you draw the people from the
+excessive planting of tobacco and that, according to a late order of
+court in that behalfe made the thirteenth of June last, you suffer them
+not to plaint in one yeare alone one hundred waight tobacco the head,
+that is the person; and that you do provide by some generall course to
+bee held amongst them that they apply themselves to the soweing and
+planting of corne in good plentie that ther may bee alwaies a large
+proportion not onlie for their owne use, but store also for such as in
+great multitudes wee hope yearly to send; likewise by the same generall
+course to cause the generall inhabitants and households to enclose by
+pale & strong fences some fitting portion of our land for the keping of
+cowes, tame swine and poultrie; and for the making all due provitiones
+for the encrease & preservation of the bread of all sorts of cattle, and
+in particular kine, wherof wee thinke itt most unfitt that any should
+bee as yett killed and requier your vigilent care for the inhibiting
+thereof.
+
+15. Item: after corne, wee comend unto your care the matter of silke
+which his Majesty heretofore espetially to commended unto us and out of
+his owne store hath moste gratiouslie been pleased often to furnish our
+Company with seed: in supply of which more hath bin since sent and a
+greater quantitie shall likewise followe hereafter as soone as itt shall
+come to our hands. Wee requier therfore that you cause in everie
+particular plantation great nomber of mulbery trees to bee plainted
+neare ther dwellings, and such as are already groweing to bee preserved
+for planting, of which many excellent bookes have binn already sent in
+December last, unto which wee referr you for your better direction
+therin, as also to divers French and other experienced men, late sent &
+procured at extraordinarie charge, of whose generall subsistence wee
+expect your assidious care.
+
+16. Item: silke grasse, being a comoditie of spetiall hope and much use,
+not with standing through negligence and want of experience, it hath
+lately been declared to bee full of difficullty and hazard both in
+groweing and curing, yett we doe especially recomend unto your care and
+that you direct some good way to bring it to perfection by experimenting
+the soiles, the seasons and true maner of cultivating of itt, being
+confident that that which growes so naturally in those parts will much
+more by art and industry bee at lenght brought to perfection, and being
+many wayes so usefull will bring great honor an [and?] proffitt unto the
+action.
+
+17. Item: wee doe also especially recommend unto you the planting of
+vines in aboundance and that the vignerons sent with so great charge to
+the Company bee fairely & carefullie provided for.
+
+18. Item: wee requier also that all sorts of artsmen be employed in ther
+severall trades and that store of aprentizes bee placed & held to learne
+ther occupations, especially those that are most usefull or most
+comodious; and that you duely consider the quallities and trades of all
+those people sent over for the Companies or any of the Collonies servis
+& that you cause them to bee held to ther trades and occupations wherin
+ther are like to deserve & win most bennifitt; and not to suffer them to
+forsake ther former occupacions for planting tobacco or such uselesse
+comodities. And here wee earnestly commend unto your care the Dutchemen
+sent for the erecting of sawing mills, a worke most necessarie since the
+materialls for howsing and shipping can not otherwise without much more
+troble, paines and charge bee provided; & although wee have received
+some notice that fitting places for ther works and not ther easilie
+found out, yett wee hope that dillegence fitting to bee used in a case
+of so generall benifitt hath discoverid how to make use of ther skills
+by this time. Nor doe wee here apprehend any difficullty of finding
+accomodation for that purpose about the falls or towards the heads of
+some river or brookes by the station, wherof timber may be brought unto
+them verie easili and by the current of the river the plankes or boords
+sawen may bee transported for the generall use of all or the greatest
+part of our people.
+
+19. Item: that your corne mills bee presentlie erected and pupliqe
+bakehowses in everie burrough bee built with all speed and dilligence.
+
+20. Item: that all apparent or proved contracts made in England or in
+Virginia betweene the owners of land in Virginia and ther tenants or
+servants be truly performed and the breach of them reformed by due
+punishment as justice shall requier.
+
+21. Item: that you suffer no crafty or advantageous meanes to bee used
+to entice a way the tenants or servants of any particular plantacion
+from the place they are ... ceited and that all offenders herein bee
+severlie punished and the partie drawne away bee returned to ther former
+place.
+
+[22]. Wee commend unto your especiall regard the providing for such
+persons as have already bin sent or are now or shall be hereafter
+entertained for the erecting of iron works; that all possible meanes bee
+used for ther encouradgment & for the performing of generall contracts
+here made with the Company wherby justice unto them and profitt to the
+plantation may arise. And whereas Mr. John Berkly hath bin approved unto
+us here by extreordinary recommendations to bee industrious and
+intelligent gentleman many ways, butt espetially for iron works, wee
+desier hee & his company may bee cherished by you and supported by the
+helpe of the whole Colonie if need shall requier, therby to enhable him
+to perfect that worke wherupon the Company have already expended great
+somes of money & itt is a com[modity] so necessarie as few other are to
+bee valewed in comparrison therof. Upon the successe therof also, mens
+eyes are generally fixed & therfore if itt should now (as by former
+misaccident or negligence) fall to the ground, ther were little hope
+that ever they would bee revived againe; and whereas wee have bin so
+circomspect as to contraict with many masters severally for the erecting
+of the said works, wherby wee hoped though some miscarried or failled
+others should have proceeded; if by want of workes or necessarie
+materialls the said masters cannot for present bee seatted or enjoy the
+conditions of ther contraicts, wee thinke fitt you should accomodate
+them according to ther several habillities in some secondarie or
+subordinarie places of assistance to Mr. Berkly, or when another worke
+may be advanced to worke them over that, according (as neere as may bee)
+to ther contraictes made here with the Company, wherby this worke of so
+great consequence & generall expectacion, infinitt com[modity] &
+unspeakeable benifitt to the plantacion may bee dilligentlie prosecuted
+& upheld.
+
+23. Item: salt, pich and tarr, soape ashes, &c., often recommended and
+sett up, and for which fittinge men & matterialles have been sent to the
+great charge of the Company and yett daylie complaints come to us of the
+want of them, wee desier you will now prosecute and further with all
+dilligence & care.
+
+24. Item: your makeing of oile of wallnuts, your employing your
+apothecaries in distilling of hott waters out of your lees of beere and
+searching after minierall dyes, gummes, druggs, and the like things, wee
+desier you not to forgett and good quanteties of all sorts to send us by
+all shipps.
+
+25. Item: since wee have conceaved itt most fitting to ordaine that a
+small quantety of tobacco shall bee plainted or cherished in Virginia,
+wee hold itt verie necessarie to use all possible care that the
+proporcion limmitted may bee improved in goodnes as much as may bee; and
+therefore that some good order bee taken to see itt well cured and duely
+ordred that bringing itt into request may cause any certaine benifitt to
+the planters.
+
+26. Item: that due proceeding bee used in the erection of those howses
+appointed for lodgeing of new men upon ther landing, according to former
+directions; and that from time to time a course bee taken for ther
+repaire, cleane & neat; keeping likewise, for comon store, howses in
+convenient places as well for other needs necessary provitions, as upper
+roomes for conservation of a proportion of gounpouder ready for use.
+
+27. Item: whereas wee have many times found losse & interuption in our
+buissines through want of frequent relacion from Virginia, wee therefore
+requier you att least to make a quarterly dispatch unto us, the
+duplicate wherof to bee duely sentt by the next oppertunitie of shipping
+after.
+
+28. Item: whereas Capt. William Norton and certaine Itallians, now by
+the general Company and other worthy minded adventures att a verie great
+charge, sent for the erecting of a glasse furnace in Virginia, wee
+hartilie desire you to afford them all favor possible. And in particular
+that the guesthowses built by Leftenant Whitakers bee allowed them for
+ther habitacion till they may convenientlie provide themselves of ther
+owne; and that all orders given them from hence bee exactlie putt in
+execucion.
+
+29. Item: a gentleman's great dilligence in our affaires, accompaned
+with extreordinarie capacity and judgement, haveing proceeded the
+treatise of the buissnes belonging to the plantacion, approved by us to
+bee full of exellent observances for those that are emmenly employd in
+Virginia, as well for us here, wee sent a coppy to ly amongst the
+records of your Counsell from whence, from the often veiw of former
+passadgs, wee wish every Counsellor may make permanent instructions, and
+no doubt much helps and furtherance may bee produced in most occasiones
+for the advancement of the plantacion.
+
+30. Item: that ther be espetiall care taken both of generall and
+particular survaies wherby not onlie a true mapp and face of the whole
+country, costs, creeks, rivers, highe ground & lowe ground, &c., may bee
+exactlie discoverid, but also the boundaries of the severall hundreds
+and plantacions, with the perticuler directions in them bee perfectlie
+sett forth from time to time, mainetained to prevent therby future
+differences that arise upon questions of possestion, wherin also itt may
+be fitting and moste usefull to posteritie to cast an imaginarie eye and
+view, wher and which way the grand highewayes may bee like to strike and
+passe through the dominions; in which course the hard mountaines, the
+fords, the places for bridges, &c., may nott unfittlie bee considered;
+for performance of all which the premises (and for the better
+sattisfaction) of the planters, whoe have so often required ther lands
+may bee devided and bounded, wee have now sent and furnished out Mr.
+William Cleyburne, gentleman, recomended unto us as very [fitt] in the
+art of surveying.
+
+31. Item: the oppressing and imoderate fees heretofore exacted in
+Virginia by divers officers in valuacion of ther paines & travell for
+the Colonies service have partlie occationed the settling a competent
+revenue to arrise therby tenants to everie cheif officer; wee now
+forbidd that officer so provided for, or otherwise by allotted parts out
+of the common profitt recompenced, doe take any other fees for execution
+of ther severall places either directly or indirectly; neverthelesse,
+that clarks & such like may have a reward for ther dilligence, wee
+require you by order to sett downe some small proportion for passes,
+warrants, copies of orders, seales, &c., or proportionably to the merits
+of servants paines and attendance.
+
+32. Item: the Governor & Counsell assembled within a short time after
+the arivall of this shipp are to sett downe the fittest months after
+ther quarterlie meeting of the Counsell of State according to the
+seasons and to fitting meanes for ther entertayment, together with
+regaurd of the best ease and benifitt of the people, that shall have
+occasion to addresse themselves unto the Counsell, either for justice or
+direction; considering also the times of making ther dispathes to
+England, according to the oppertunities of shiping ther comeing or
+goeing.
+
+33. That the Governor for the time being in or about the foresaid time
+doe summon by an officer appointed for that purpose the Counsell of
+State to appeare at a day and to bee together for the space of one whole
+month or more if need shall requier to advise & consult upon matter of
+Counsell of State and of the generall affaires of the Colonie, and as
+ther shalbee cause to order and determine the greater causes of
+consequence or such matter as shall growe or arise within the Colonie,
+either by reference or judgment; and that free accesse bee permitted to
+all suiters to make knowne ther perticuler grevances, bee itt against
+what person soever. And if the plaint appeare to bee important, to
+record the same ther & to returne a coppy ther of together with the
+report of your proceeding therin.
+
+34. As also to keepe a perfect register of all the acts of each quarter
+sessions duely and orderlie and therof to returne a perfect transcript
+unto us by the first oppertunitie of shipping from time to time. And
+that at everie sessions you cause all instructions and charters that are
+already or shall hereafter bee sent from hence to bee read and so from
+sessions to sessions untill our directory shall bee fullie executed.
+
+35. Item: in case of the Governor death or removall or suspencion by
+order from hence untill other direction from us can come, wee requier
+that the Counsell or major part of them then residing in Virginia doe
+imedialie assemble themselves and within fourteene dayes or sooner from
+out of ther body to elect one to supplie the place for the time; and to
+preserve the state of bussinesse still in the same current that it was.
+
+36. The relation of which act of Counsell wee will you send us with as
+much speede as may bee, and if ther should bee an unexpected division in
+the voices of the counsell that a just halfe should bee willing to elect
+one and the other halfe desirous of another, then wee will that election
+bee made of the Leftennant Governor; and in his absence or necessarie
+cause of declining the Marshall, and in case of his default or such
+refusall then the Treasurer, then one of the two deputies or the other
+till the place of Governor be settled in on [one] of our said cheif
+officers.
+
+37. Item: whereas ther hath bin severall directions given to the former
+Governor for fixing the tenants uppon the lands as well belonging to the
+Governor place as other the officers seated by the Governor, which uppon
+pretences hath bin allowed and neglected and the men lett out to the
+heir; wee requier you that hereafter no officer bee permitted to lett
+out his tenants, butt settle them uppon the lands sett out for his
+place, enjoining them to enclose gardens, build howses, deviding them
+into families or societies, to place them upon the land appropriated to
+his office, excepting onlie the Counsell shall have power to make a
+convenient order at one of the quarter sessions to dispence with this
+article for the space of six months & that in case onlie of extreeme
+necessitie.
+
+38. Item: the Governor, onlie for the time being, shall summon Counsells
+and sine warrants & execute or give athoritie for execution of the
+Counsells orders, except in cases which seeme to appertaine to the
+imediate execucions of Liftenant Generall, Marshall, Tresuror, or
+deputies, wherin according to ther severall comissions or by a conceaved
+order from a quarter counsell the officers are severallie directed and
+authorised.
+
+39. The Governor for the time being shall have absolute power and
+authoritie according to the implicacion of his particular commission to
+direct, determine and punish at his good discretion any emergent
+buissnes, neglect or contempt of authority in any kind or what soever
+negligence or contempt may bee found in any person ther residing or
+being, except only those of the Counsell for ther on persons whoe are in
+such cases to bee summoned to appeare at the next quarter session of the
+Counsell holdne ther abide ther censure; in the meane time if the
+Governor shall thinke itt may concerne either the quiett of that state
+to proceed more speedily with such an offendor, itt shall bee lawful to
+summon a Counsell extreordinarie, wherat six of the Counsell at lest are
+to bee present with the said Governor and by the main parte of ther
+voices committ any Counsellor to saife custody or upon baile to appere
+and abide the order of the nextt quarter counsell.
+
+40. Everie order and decree of the Counsell of State shalbe concluded by
+the major parte of voices at that Assembly, wherin the Governor for the
+time being is to have a casting voice if the nomber of Counsellors
+should bee even or should bee equally devided in oppinnion;
+neverthelesse reserving to the said Governor a negative voice att any
+Generall Assembly according to a former comission granted.[26]
+
+    [Footnote 26: One of the few references to the _Commission_,
+    not the "Instructions", to Yeardley, authorizing a General
+    Assembly.]
+
+41. Item: wee pray you likewise to take into your care the protexcion of
+the people, that they suffer no wrong by the engrossing commodity &
+forestalling the marketts, butt preserve them open for all men freely or
+indifferently to buy or sell.
+
+42. Item: wee requier you expecially to see the publicke labors to bee
+from time to time equally charged & burdned for the people that one mans
+tenants bee nott favored above others or officers tenants favored more
+then those of the puplique; and to the end those services may fall as
+easy to all ports as may bee, wee thinke in the punishment of all
+enormus misdemeanors, &c., ill deservers bee condemned to a nomber of
+days works for puplique use & building, or to finnishing of a fence or
+dike, or to cariage or roweing according to the meritt of the offence.
+
+43. Item: where as the Right Honourable the Earle of Pembroke with
+divers his associates have undertaken to plaint thirty thousand acres of
+land in Virginia, we therfore intreat you to make choice of the best
+seate on that river that is not yett inhabited; and herin to take the
+advise of Mr. Leech, whoe now goes over to veiw the cuntrie and to bee
+enployd in that plantacion which being sett out wee desier to be
+informed therof.
+
+44. Item: as wee hold itt most necessarie that you provide for the
+generall safety and securing of your selves and estats together, so doe
+wee conceave it a matter of exceeding great advantage & incouragment to
+discover everie day farther by the sea coast and within land about which
+wee requier you to conceave a fitting course from time espetiallie to
+find good fishing betweene James river and Cape Cod or any wher within
+our limmittes wherin wee suppose the new trade of commodities found
+wilbe like to recompence the troble and charge bestowed therin, for wee
+are certainely informed that the Dutchmen within 20 or 30 leagues of
+your plantacion steile a trade for furrs, &c., to ther verie great gaine
+& content.
+
+45. Item: for as much as planting of staple commodities is useuallie
+much advanced by example taken one from another, wee expect that the
+cheif officers by ther owne particular employment of ther people & land,
+& setting forth the benifitts & hopes of such endeavors, shall
+exceedinglie advance the state of commodity and trade.
+
+46. Item: wee doe moreover requier that according to your oaths and
+severall charges your thoughts & endeavors be unanimouslie employed for
+performance of our instructions in generall, & particuler that chieflie
+aiminge at the establishment of the Colonie your selves & all of us that
+have endeavorid therein may bee comforted in a happie apparence of
+prosperity of the plantacion which wilbe glorious before God and
+infinitt honor, strenght & profitt to our King & Cuntry.
+
+47. Lastly wee pray you that no shipp that now or at any time wee shall
+send at the companies charge to Virginia bee suffered to stay ther above
+thirty dayes for avoiding of charge which hath heretofore grown uppon
+long voydges in freight & wages & that you suffer not in the said shipps
+any goods provicions sent thither to bee brought from thence againe by
+any marriners, passengers or others uppon paine of some punishment to be
+inflicted upon them; and although the infancy of the plantacion may nott
+some time afford the more valuable comodities to freight the shipps home
+uppon so short a stay, yett wee suppose that a prudent course &
+preperacion may at last afford them choice timber as clear walnutt or
+some other such lesse valueable commodity to add to ther lading which
+will yeild more profitt to the Companie with the shipps quicke returne
+then is usueally raised by ther best comodities when longer accompt for
+freightt hath drawne on a further charge. Given under the Counsell scale
+the fower and twentith day of Julie, 1621; and in the yeare of the raign
+of our soveraigne Lord James, by the grace of God of England, Scotland,
+France and Ireland, Defender of the faith, &c., that is to say of
+England, France and Ireland the nineteenth and Scottland the fower and
+fiftith.
+
+  Signed by the Earl of Southampton
+
+  Sir Edwin Sandis
+  Mr. John Davers
+  Mr. John Ferrar, deputy
+  Mr. Thomas Gibbs
+  Mr. Sam Wrote
+  Mr. Nicholas Ferrar
+  Doctor Anthony
+  Doctor Williamson
+  Doctor Galston
+  Mr. George Sandys
+
+Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 468-482.
+
+
+
+
+  TREASURER AND COMPANY. AN
+  ORDINANCE AND CONSTITUTION FOR
+  COUNCIL AND ASSEMBLY IN VIRGINIA
+
+
+
+
+JULY 24, 1621
+
+
+    To all people to whom these presents shall come, bee seen or
+    heard, the Treasuror, Council and Company of Adventurers and
+    Planters of the Citty of London for the First Collony in
+    Virginia send greeting: knowe yee that wee, the said
+    Treasuror, Counsell and Company, takeing into our carefull
+    consideracion the present state of the said Colony in
+    Virginia, and intending by the Devine assistance to settle
+    such a forme of government ther as may bee to the greatest
+    benifitt and comfort of the people and wherby all injustice,
+    grevance and oppression may bee prevented and kept of as
+    much as is possible from the said Colony, have thought fitt
+    to make our entrance by ordaining & establishing such
+    supreame Counsells as may not only bee assisting to the
+    Governor for the time being in administracion of justice and
+    the executing of other duties to his office belonging, but
+    also by ther vigilent care & prudence may provide as well
+    for remedy of all inconveniencies groweing from time to time
+    as also for the advancing of encrease, strength, stabillitie
+    and prosperitie of the said Colony:
+
+Wee therefore, the said Treasuror, Counsell and Company, by authoritie
+directed to us from His Majestie under his Great Seale, upon mature
+deliberacion doe hereby order & declare that from hence forward ther bee
+towe supreame Counsells in Virginia for the better government of the
+said Colony as aforesaid: the one of which Counsells to bee called the
+Counsell of State and whose office shall cheiflie bee assisting, wth
+ther care, advise & circomspection, to the said Governor; shall be
+chosen, nominated, placed and displaced from time to time by us, the
+said Treasurer, Counsell & Company and our successors; which Counsell of
+State shall consiste for the present onlie of those persons whose names
+are here inserted, vizt.: Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor of Virginia;
+Captaine Francis West; Sir George Yeardley, Knight; Sir William Newce,
+Knight, Marshall of Virginia; Mr. George Sandys, Tresuror; Mr. George
+Thorpe, Deputy of the Colledge; Captaine Thomas Newce, Deputy for the
+Company; Mr. Christopher Davison, Secretarie; Doctor Potts, Phesition to
+the Company; Mr. Paulet; Mr. Leech; Captaine Nathaniell Powell; Mr.
+Roger Smith; Mr. John Berkley; Mr. John Rolfe; Mr. Ralfe Hamer; Mr. John
+Pountus; Mr. Michael Lapworth; Mr. Harwood; [and] Mr. Samuel Macocke.
+Which said Counsellors and Counsell wee earnestlie pray & desier, and in
+His Majesties name strictlie charge and command, that all factious
+parcialties and sinister respects laid aside, they bend ther care and
+endeavors to assist the said Governor first and principallie in
+advancement of the honor and service of Almightie God and the
+enlargement of His kingdome amongste those heathen people; and next in
+the erecting of the said Colonie in one obedience to His Majestie and
+all lawful authoritie from His Majestis dirived; and lastlie in
+maitaining the said people in justice and Christian conversation among
+themselves and in strength and habillitie to wth stand ther ennimies.
+And this Counsell is to bee alwaies, or for the most part, residing
+about or neere the said Governor. The other Counsell, more generall, to
+bee called by the Governor, and yeerly, of course, & no oftner but for
+very extreordinarie & important occasions, shall consist for present of
+the said Counsell of State and of tow burgesses out of every towne,
+hunder [hundred] and other particuler plantacion to bee respetially
+chosen by the inhabitants. Which Counsell shalbee called the Generall
+Assemblie, wherein as also in the said Counsell of State, all matters
+shall be decided, determined & ordered by the greater part of the voices
+then present, reserveing alwaies to the Governor a negative voice. And
+this Generall Assembly shall have free power to treat, consult &
+conclude as well of all emergent occasions concerning the pupliqe weale
+of the said Colony and evrie parte therof as also to make, ordeine &
+enact such generall lawes & orders for the behoof of the said Colony and
+the good govermt therof as shall time to time appeare necessarie or
+requisite. Wherin as in all other things wee requier the said Gennerall
+Assembly, as also the said Counsell of State, to imitate and followe the
+policy of the forme of goverment, lawes, custome, manners of loyall and
+other administracion of justice used in the realme of England, as neere
+as may bee even as ourselves by His Majesties lettres patents are
+required; provided that noe lawes or ordinance made in the said Generall
+Assembly shalbe and continew in force and validitie, unlese the same
+shalbe sollemlie ratified and confirmed in a generall greater court of
+the said court here in England and so ratified and returned to them
+under our seale. It being our intent to affoord the like measure also
+unto the said Colony that after the goverment of the [said Colony, shall
+once have been well framed & settled accordingly, which is to be done by
+us as by authoritie derived from] his Majestie and the sa[me shall] have
+bene soe by us declared, no orders of our court afterwarde shall binde
+[the said] Colony unles they bee ratified in like manner in ther
+Generall Assembly.
+
+In wittnes wherof wee have hereunto sett our common seale the 24th day
+of [July] 1621, and in the yeare of the raigne of our governoure, Lord
+James by the ... of God of England, Scotland, France & Ireland, King,
+Defendor of the ... vizt., of England, France and Scotland the
+nineteenth and of Scotland the fower and fiftieth.
+
+Kingsbury, Vol. III, pp. 482-484. Stith, Appendix, pp. 32-34.
+
+
+
+
+  Transcriber's Notes:
+
+  This is one of a series of 23 pamphlets produced in 1957 in celebration
+    of the 350th anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown colony in
+    Virginia. Research indicates that the copyright on this book was not
+    renewed.
+  Spelling was left unchanged throughout.
+  Footnotes were indented and moved after the paragraph to which they
+    pertain.
+  Extra spaces within lists of names were removed. Extra spaces within
+    text were retained where they indicate omitted text in the original
+    manuscript. The printer used multiple footnote anchors, numbered 24
+    and 25, to indicate some of these blank spaces.
+  A comma was replaced with a period at the end of a sentence in the
+    Introduction: ... governing body. It was thus ...
+  A semicolon was replaced with a period at the end of numbered paragraph
+    9 in the "Instructions ... to Sir Thomas West ..."
+  In the "Instructions to the Governor and Council of State," brackets
+    around paragraph number 22 are indicate the number was missing in the
+    original. These brackets are not a footnote anchor.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Three Charters of the Virginia
+Company of London, by Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation
+
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