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+Project Gutenberg's Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c., by William Blacker
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c.
+       Comprising Angling, & Dyeing of Colours, with Engravings
+       of Salmon & Trout Flies
+
+Author: William Blacker
+
+Release Date: April 2, 2011 [EBook #35752]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLACKER'S ART OF FLY MAKING, &C. ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Emmy and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+          ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL.
+
+          LONDON:
+          PRINTED BY GEO. NICHOLS, EARL'S COURT,
+          LEICESTER SQUARE.
+
+[Illustration: FLY FISHING]
+
+
+
+
+PATRONISED BY H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BLACKER'S, ART OF FLY MAKING, &c.,
+
+          COMPRISING ANGLING,
+          & DYEING OF COLOURS,
+
+          WITH ENGRAVINGS
+          OF SALMON & TROUT FLIES
+          SHEWING THE PROCESS
+          OF THE GENTLE CRAFT
+          AS TAUGHT IN
+          THE PAGES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
+          FLIES FOR THE SEASON
+          OF THE YEAR
+          AS THEY COME OUT
+          ON THE WATER.
+
+          REWRITTEN & REVISED
+          BY THE AUTHOR
+          BLACKER, HIMSELF,
+          FISHING TACKLE MAKER
+          OF 54, DEAN ST, SOHO,
+          LONDON.
+
+          1855.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                               Page.
+  Preface                                                          v
+  The Art of Fly Making                                            1
+  An Easy Method to make the Trout Fly                             3
+  An Easy Method of making a Plain Salmon Fly                      8
+  To make the Trout Fly, in the best and most approved method     13
+  To make the Palmer, or Double-Hackle Fly                        20
+  How to make the Salmon Fly, as shown in the Beautiful Plate
+        of Engravings on Salmon Hooks                             23
+  Process of making the Gaudy Salmon Fly                          30
+  To make the Winged Larva                                        42
+  A Catechism of Fly-Making                                       46
+  The Trout Flies for the Season                                  55
+  Flies for March                                                 57
+  Flies for April                                                 60
+  Flies for May                                                   64
+  Flies for June                                                  69
+  Flies for July                                                  72
+  Flies for August                                                76
+  Fishing Rods and Fly Fishing                                    80
+  Fly Fishing for Salmon                                          88
+  An Account of the Salmon, and its Varieties                     96
+  The Salmon Fry                                                 100
+  A Description of the Fifteen Salmon Flies Engraved in the
+        Plates                                                   104
+  Spring Flies                                                   117
+  Salmon Rivers                                                  120
+  The River Tweed                                                121
+  The River Shannon                                              123
+  The Lakes of Clare                                             124
+  The Lakes of Killarney                                         126
+  Lough Curran, Waterville                                       133
+  Connamara and Ballynahinch                                     138
+  Ballyna                                                        142
+  Ballyshannon                                                   145
+  The Rivers Bush and Bann                                       149
+  The River Bann                                                 156
+  Lakes of Westmeath                                             163
+  The River Lee, at Cork                                         169
+  Salmon Rivers in Scotland                                      170
+  The River Tay                                                  171
+  The Dee and Don                                                176
+  The River Spey                                                 177
+  The Findhorn                                                   179
+  Rivers and Lakes adjacent to Fort William, on the
+      Caledonian Canal                                           180
+  Salmon Flies for Fort William, &c.                             186
+  Salmon Flies for the Ness                                      187
+  The River Shin                                                 189
+  The River Thurso                                               191
+  The River Esk                                                  194
+  Loch Leven                                                     195
+  The River Allan                                                196
+  Loch Awe and River                                             200
+  The Rivers Irvine, Girvan, and Stincher, in Ayrshire           203
+  Rivers of Wales.--The Conway                                   205
+  The River Dovey                                                205
+  The River Tivey                                                206
+  The Wye, Monmouth                                              207
+  The River Severn                                               208
+  The Trent                                                      209
+  Rivers of York and Derby                                       210
+  The Hodder                                                     211
+  Rivers of Derby                                                211
+  The Rivers Wandle and Coln                                     212
+  Bait Fishing.--The River Thames                                216
+  Perch                                                          218
+  Barbel                                                         219
+  Pike                                                           221
+  Roach                                                          224
+  Dace                                                           226
+  Carp                                                           226
+  Chub                                                           227
+  Gudgeons and Minnows                                           228
+  Baits                                                          229
+  The Art of Dyeing Fishing Colours                              232
+  To Dye Yellow                                                  234
+  To Dye Brown                                                   236
+  To Dye a Yellow-Brown                                          237
+  To Dye Blue                                                    238
+  To Dye Red                                                     239
+  To Dye Orange                                                  240
+  To Dye Purple or Violet                                        241
+  To Dye Crimson                                                 241
+  To Dye Scarlet.                                                242
+  Crimson Red in Grain                                           243
+  To Dye Green Drake Feathers and Fur                            243
+  To Dye Claret                                                  244
+  Another way to Dye Claret                                      245
+  To Dye Black                                                   246
+  To Dye Greens of various Shades                                246
+  To Dye Lavender or Slate Dun, &c.                              247
+  Blues                                                          248
+  A Silver Grey                                                  248
+  A Coffee or Chesnut                                            249
+  To Dye Olives and a Mixture of Colours                         249
+  A Concise way of Dyeing Colours                                250
+  The Materials necessary for Artificial Fly Making              256
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+I know not how to apologise for submitting a Second Edition of this
+little Book to the notice of the Angling few, after the appearance of so
+many by clever writers, except the many calls I had for it, and a
+sincere desire of improving farther upon a craft that has not hitherto
+been clearly promulgated by a real practitioner; consequently my great
+object is to benefit and amuse my readers, by giving them something
+practical, which at the present time may be particularly wanted by those
+who love to make their own flies, whose wants, without doubt, will be
+found sufficiently supplied in this book; the tyro will appreciate it
+as valuable to him, and the senior angler who may, perchance, be in
+possession of it, and who may be singularly fond of making his flies,
+and amusing himself dyeing the hackles and colours, &c., will, I am
+persuaded, consider it a treasure.
+
+My endeavours have been unceasing for many years past, in striving to
+please the great Salmon Fishers and Trout Fishers of this Country, and I
+must confess that my labours have not been in vain; they have generously
+conferred upon me their very kind patronage and good will, benefits for
+which I hold them in very great estimation. Under these circumstances, I
+have taken much pains to write the book in a befitting manner to suit
+their tastes and purposes, although my inability in many instances has
+been an obstacle, nevertheless with all my faults I claim the title of
+Fisherman, an humble and unimportuned name which no reasonable
+dispensation can deprive me of.
+
+From my boyhood, I took great delight in ranging along the banks of the
+beautiful and romantic streams of my native land, Ireland; and having
+also been for many years a skilful Fly Fisher of no little commendation,
+in both Great Britain and Hibernia, it is my desire to impart to the
+world, plainly and easily, the knowledge I have acquired, that all those
+who wish to become masters of the art, may, by patience and practice,
+and a close adherence to the instructions I shall lay down, derive the
+fullest benefit from my experience.
+
+I have endeavoured in the following treatise on Fly-making, to divest
+the subject, as far as possible, of all technicalities and
+superfluities; at the same time, I have entered into such full details
+in the construction of the Fly, that by adopting the process I have
+pointed out, and following the instructions I have given, the aspirants
+to the art of Fly-making may speedily become proficients.
+
+In this little book there will be found nothing imaginary, but it is
+purely written from the practice of angling, so that I may without
+scruple, justly entitle it THE ART OF FLY-MAKING, ANGLING, AND DYEING
+OF COLOURS. It is also interspersed with many useful remarks that will
+no doubt agreeably entertain my readers.
+
+No man has taken such pains to improve upon the angler's craft as I; on
+every article in the whole range of fishing tackle I have made some
+improvement on rods, flies, lines, reels, and tackle of every sort; and
+in these pages have left a lasting memorial of my handicraft to the
+fly-fisher, from whom I have hidden nothing that might retard him in his
+progress, and who will appreciate it for the great deal of matter
+propounded in little compass to prevent incumbrance; that the lovers of
+fly fishing, which has superior claims, may have an opportunity of
+keeping it in their side pocket,--to be convenient and handy when on
+their piscatory excursions, the exercise and variety of which will be
+found advantageous to the health, and the calming of the mind--things
+not to be purchased; enjoying at the same time the harmonious notes of
+the warblers of the grove, and musing upon the diversity of the
+prospects around, while straying along the beautiful streams and vallies
+of this delightful country.
+
+The list of flies I have given, will be found very valuable, and the
+tyro will take great delight in imitating these flies necessary for use,
+and suiting the colours exactly to each, keeping to their symmetrical
+forms as they appear with his light materials. This beautiful branch of
+fly-making, peculiarly my own, cannot fail to perfect the angler who is
+scientific and ingenious, the result of which will be never-failing
+success.
+
+I have added to the art of fly-making full instructions, and the most
+approved receipts for dyeing mohair, pighair, feathers, and other
+materials most useful and appropriate for imitating the natural flies
+and stuffs the most killing for Trout and Salmon; and which will retain
+their brilliancy through all the vicissitudes to which they may be
+exposed.
+
+To bring the Engravings of the flies to the greatest perfection, I have
+stood at the elbow of the artist who executed this part of the work,
+that they might be turned out exact to my own models, which renders them
+and the descriptions more intelligible, as the shade in the fibre of
+each feather is shown in the plate, in the clearest and finest manner
+imaginable, that it may be properly seen how these artificial flies are
+constructed,--the resemblance of those beautiful ones, the productions
+of the Great Author of Nature, that Trout and Salmon do love to feed
+upon.
+
+I have also given the principal rivers of England, Ireland, Scotland,
+and Wales, with the flies best adapted to each, which will enable the
+fisher to have all things in readiness on his arrival at their
+localities, and sally out on the finny tribe fearless of disappointment;
+and for the younger branch of anglers, I have shown the various sorts of
+fish, with the tackle and baits best adapted to catch them.
+
+The catechism of fly making which I have introduced will be found very
+curious and instructive to the young beginner, and will afford him every
+opportunity of retaining the whole process, that when rehearsed in the
+mind, and perfectly understood, he may apply, with more certain
+facility, the hand to both material and hook.
+
+                                     PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR,
+                                                       WILLIAM BLACKER,
+
+   _At 54, Dean Street, Soho,
+        1855._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+List of Plates.
+
+
+  Plate                                                         Page
+   1. Blacker Fly-fishing                              Frontispiece.
+   2. Titlepage.
+   3. An easy method to make the Trout-fly              _opposite_ 3
+   4. An easy method of making a Salmon-fly                        8
+   5. The best method of making a Trout-fly                       13
+   6. To make the Palmer's                              _to face_ 20
+   7. How to make the Salmon-fly                                  23
+   8. Process of making the Gaudy Salmon-fly           _opposite_ 30
+   9. The plate of Feathers                             _to face_ 34
+  10. To make the Winged Larva                                    42
+  11. Plate of Six Flies Catechism                                46
+  12. Plate of 15 Trout-flies          _opposite flies for March_ 57
+  13. Plate of 16 Flies                                _opposite_ 65
+  14. Plate of Larvas and Green Drakes                 _opposite_ 78
+  15. Plate of Gaudy Flies, Nos. 1, 2, 3,             _opposite_ 105
+  16. Plate of three Salmon-flies, Nos. 4, 5, 6,      _opposite_ 108
+  17. Plate of four Flies, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10                      110
+  18. Large Spring Salmon-fly                                    116
+  19. Plate of 7 Flies and Salmon                      _to face_ 145
+  20. Plate of Minnow tackle, &c.                      _to face_ 216
+  21. Plate of Pike tackle, &c.                                  221
+  22. Paternoster and Barbel tackle                              230
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+      _An Extract of a Review of William Blacker's Art
+          of Fly Making, &c. &c. &c., taken from "Bell's
+          Life in London," April 8th, 1855._
+
+"THE ART OF FLY MAKING, ANGLING & DYEING OF COLOURS. BY W. BLACKER,--Mr.
+Blacker has been a celebrated trout and salmon angler from early
+boyhood, and he is known to be the best maker of trout and salmon flies
+alive. We have never seen such flies as his, for naturalness of shape,
+appropriateness of colour and for beauty and solidity of finish. In
+making flies he has "caught a grace beyond the reach of art," and this
+he exhibits in the _Sanspareil_ work before us. It contains no fewer
+than seventeen engravings on steel and copper, of trout and salmon
+flies, in every stage of fabrication, from the whipping of hook and gut
+together to the finishing of the head. These engravings, every plate
+crowded with figures, are executed after his own models and under his
+own _Surveillance_, and carefully and beautifully coloured, he standing,
+as he says, "by the artist's elbow." They contain coloured
+representations of hackles, wing-feathers, fur, silk, tinsel, in their
+natural state, and prepared for forming the artificial insect. His
+profusely illustrated instructions for making salmon-flies are entirely
+original there being nothing at all like them in any work extant, and he
+must be a dull scholar indeed, who shall not, after brief study of them,
+become his own salmon fly dresser. Mr. Blacker withholds no secret and
+spares no pains in developing by the aid of pen and pencil his own
+method, and we consider it the best, of making artificial flies for
+every variety of trout and salmon. He gives numerous, well-tried recipes
+for dying feathers and all other materials, the colours necessary for
+the successful operations of the fly-maker. He points out how rods are
+best made, the best sort of winches, lines and hooks, and proves himself
+a safe guide to the purchaser. He teaches how the rod, and line and
+flies, are to be used--the art of casting with them, how a river is to
+be fished, and how a fish, whether trout or salmon, is to be struck,
+hooked and landed. He describes the best trout and salmon rivers in the
+empire, the right season for fishing them, and gives an illustrated list
+of the flies, stating the materials of what they are to be made, that
+kill best on them. On flies, favourites of his from experience, he
+dwells with pleased and pleasing minuteness, and for the first time
+discloses how the "winged larva," a deadly invention of his own, is to
+be constructed. Never, was a book more honestly and conscientiously
+written. It glows with deep-felt enthusiasm for his art, and with a
+generous desire of revealing everything that pertains to the perfect
+acquisition of it in all its branches. It is a work of great labour and
+long pains-taking, unique at all points, and no one could have written
+it but a practical angler of long, passionate, and devoted experience in
+the capture of salmon and salmonidę, and of _ne plus ultra_ perfection
+in the art of making artificial flies, and concomitant fishing tackle.
+The work is published by himself, at 54, Dean Street, Soho, and we
+recommend it more earnestly than we have ever done any other work of the
+sort."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_An Extract from "Bell's Life," April 29th, 1855._
+
+"I shall copy a few of Mr. Blacker's patterns as given in his
+recently-published and very valuable work, entitled _Art of Fly Making,
+&c._ He is by far the best flymaker I have ever known, and his opinions
+on flies and fly-fishing deserve the attention of us all. In the book
+just named he says of the Yellow Sally:--"This is the forerunner of the
+green drake or May-fly. The trout take this little fly freely if made
+after this description:--
+
+          "Body, buff-coloured fur and a small yellow hackle
+          for legs round the head; wings of the
+          buff-coloured feather inside the wing of the
+          thrush. Hook, 13."
+
+          "Several ways of imitating the May-fly. First,
+          Blacker's, as given in his Art of Fly Making:--The
+          body of this beautiful fly is made of yellow green
+          mohair, the colour of a gosling newly hatched, and
+          ribbed with yellow-brown silk, a shade of light
+          brown mohair at the tail, and a tuft of the same
+          at the shoulder, picked out between the hackle,
+          the whisks of the tail three black hairs,
+          three-quarters of an inch long; the hackle to be
+          dyed a greenish buff (dye, according to my recipe,
+          a silver dun hackle with bars across it, called a
+          cuckoo,) or a light ginger hackle bordering on
+          yellow. The wings, which should be made full, and
+          to stand upright, are made of mallard's feathers
+          dyed of a greenish buff, or yellowish shade; a
+          brown head of peacock harl tied neatly above the
+          wings on a No. 6 hook. The wings may be made of
+          the tops of two large dyed mallard's feathers,
+          with fibres stripped off at the butts of the
+          stems, tied back to back. These feathers stand up
+          well and appear very naturally in the water.
+          Large-sized ones kill well in lakes, with bright
+          yellow mohair bodies ribbed with gold twist.
+
+          "Second way, from A Handbook of Angling.--Body,
+          bright yellow mohair, or floss silk, ribbed
+          sparingly with light bronze peacock harl; wings,
+          mottled feather of the mallard dyed a pale yellow
+          green. They are to stand nearly erect, and to be
+          slightly divided. Legs, a couple of turns of a
+          red-ginger hackle; tail, three hairs from the
+          rabbit's whisker. Hook, 5, 6, and 7.--Another way:
+          Body, yellow-brown mohair; wings, mallard's
+          feather dyed yellow, and black head; legs,
+          yellowish hackle; tail and hooks as before. During
+          the season of the May-fly, should the weather be
+          gloomy, with a strong warm wind, I would angle
+          with three flies on the casting-line of different
+          sizes, and of colours slightly differing, buff,
+          yellow, and yellow-green, and one of them made
+          buzz. The largest fly should be used as the
+          stretcher; the smallest the upper bob."
+
+_An Extract from "Bell's Life," April 1st, 1855 "The Ondine" in the Book
+of the Salmon, by "Ephemera,"_
+
+          "Gold tip; tail, small, brilliant topping, light
+          blue tag; body, blue peacock harl, closely ribbed
+          with fine gold twist; two joints of green trogan
+          feather, and one of red orange hackle under the
+          wings, and over their butts blue jay; wings, a
+          careful mixture of fibres of bustard, silver
+          pheasant, yellow and blue macaw teal, guinea-hen
+          and golden pheasant tail and neck-feathers,
+          surmounted by a topping; feelers, blue and yellow
+          macaw, and bright peacock harl, head. Hook, No. 7
+          and 8. This waterwitch, sculptured originally by
+          Blacker, is properly called "Ondine." The first
+          time I saw it I nearly lost my senses, and was
+          upon the point of becoming its victim.
+
+          "The May-fly and Phelim Rhu are best made by
+          Blacker, of Dean Street, Soho; Phelim is one of
+          his many good inventions. Dressed on the smallest
+          sized grilse hook, it will on dark days and
+          evenings, and in full water kill sea trout and
+          large common trout in every locality. See a
+          celebrated claret fly plate No. 4, page 108."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Prince Albert's Letter to the Author, enclosing_ £10.
+
+          Nearly eleven years have rolled by, since I sent a
+          copy of the first edition of this work to His
+          Royal Highness Prince Albert, who conferred upon
+          me much honor by a favourable reply to it, at that
+          time I took great pains to illustrate it with
+          specimens of the most costly and beautifully
+          executed salmon and trout flies imaginable, many
+          of which were worth a guinea a piece. In this new
+          edition for 1855 I have given numerous
+          copperplates of these excellent killing flies
+          superbly painted to suit the rivers of Ireland,
+          Scotland, England, and Wales; such choice
+          specimens are they that I think salmon and trout
+          will not refuse them in any river in Britain, they
+          are models of gracefulness, and will prove very
+          attractive to the finny tribe, they are all
+          general favourite flies of mine, and of the great
+          salmon and trout fly fishers of the present day.
+          The angler should never fail to try them wherever
+          he roamed in rivers known or unknown to him, and
+          succesful experience has given me an opportunity
+          of recommending them with the greatest confidence,
+          they have killed fish when they have been half
+          gnawed away, and as a fisherman I look upon them
+          with admiration although they are the work of my
+          own fingers, I think I will not say amiss if I
+          predestinate that the real enthusiastic fly
+          fishers, nine out of ten, will be in love with
+          them.
+
+
+THE LETTER.
+
+                                  "Buckingham Palace, May 7th, 1844.
+
+"Mr. Anson is commanded by His Royal Highness Prince Albert to enclose
+Mr. Blacker a cheque for ten pounds for the Work on Angling which
+accompanied his letter, the receipt of which he will have the goodness
+to acknowledge."
+
+
+
+
+THE ART OF FLY-MAKING,
+
+ETC., ETC.,
+
+BY WILLIAM BLACKER.
+
+
+To give something that will convey a durable and correct idea of
+Fly-making, Angling, and Dyeing of Colours to my pupils, is what I aim
+at, and desire they should understand: for when they are inhaling the
+fresh breezes on the river's bank, observing with delight the varied
+tints and delicate forms of the winged insects skimming the surface, and
+the sportive trout, pitching over and over, taking them down, this is
+the time, no doubt, when far from the din of a busy town they will thank
+me for my trouble in directing their attention to the proper shades,
+which is the most essential of all things in the Art to be considered.
+The amusement and pleasing recollections of the Fly-fisher, (when
+studying the various colours and materials necessary for the formation
+of the artificial fly--those fanciful ones which salmon take so freely,
+and the imitating, if possible, by the aid of these materials, those
+beautiful ones in Nature), will be infinitely more pleasing than can be
+well comprehended by a careless observer of the craft. Many a pleasant
+hour may be spent, that otherwise would prove tedious, when confined to
+quarters of an unfavourable day, far from home, looking over your
+dubbing book and tying a fly. It gives relief to the uneasy mind by
+calming the disorders that disappointments may have caused, and by
+cheering the hearts of those who pursue it as a relaxation and
+enjoyment. The recommendations on Angling are without number, and there
+is nothing can delight the heart of the fly-fisher so much as to see the
+fish rise at the flies on the surface of the water, and their beautiful
+appearance when landed on the bank; this, with the varied scenery which
+the windings of the river presents to the imagination, as you roam
+along, are inducements that cannot fail to gratify the admirer of
+sportive fish and rushing streams.
+
+[Illustration: AN EASY METHOD TO MAKE THE TROUT-FLY.]
+
+I have seen, in days when the fish are not in the humour of taking, a
+fly tied neatly near the tint, somewhat gaudy, will unquestionably
+entice them to rise, and will decidedly be more advantageous than
+fishing without plan. In days when the natural flies are most numerous,
+the trout will not take the artificial fly so freely; on the contrary,
+when these insects are rarely to be seen, if the angler can find the
+colour that is then prevailing, and imitate it, his success will be
+considerably increased.
+
+In these pages will be found descriptions of Flies that will kill well
+in every river and lake in the United Kingdom. And those in the "Hand
+Book of Angling," and the "Book of the Salmon," by the celebrated
+"Ephemera," will also be found excellent throughout the Kingdom.
+
+
+
+
+AN EASY METHOD TO MAKE THE TROUT FLY.
+
+(_See Plate._)
+
+
+The tyro will provide himself with a dubbing book, containing numerous
+compartments, to hold feathers, furs, pig hair, mohair, hackles, wing
+feathers, silk, tinsel, scissars, pliers, knife, and every other
+article necessary for fly-making--all of which may be procured at my
+Shop, 54, DEAN STREET, SOHO, with RODS, REELS, LINES, GUT, HOOKS,
+ARTIFICIAL BAITS, and every denomination of FISHING TACKLE, of the most
+superior quality in LONDON.
+
+Having laid out your materials on the table, seat yourself by a good
+light, and proceed as follows:--Take a piece of fine silk, and pin one
+end of it on your knee, take the other end between your left fore-finger
+and thumb, and with the right, take a small piece of shoemaker's wax,
+well tempered, and rub it all over the silk, keeping it tight in your
+left till it is all covered with the wax, rub it well on the end you are
+about to tie on the hook with, to keep it firm, for it will be found a
+very great object to use the wax throughout the making of the fly, as
+with the working of the tying silk it rubs off with the hand. There is a
+very beautiful silk of all colours to be had on spools, which ribbons
+are made of, that works very finely on the hook; when you wax it, take
+two or three folds of it, and pin it evenly on your knee, as before (or
+hold it between your teeth and twist it), twist it gently between your
+fingers a little so that you can wax it well, provide a piece of leather
+about an inch wide and an inch and a half long, double it, and lay a
+piece of nicely tempered wax between the folds, flatten it, and when you
+wax the silk, take the leather between your fingers, open the edge of
+it, and rub the wax on the tying silk in the same way as before, and you
+will not break the silk so easily, or dirty your fingers with the wax.
+You now take the hook by the bend in the left fore-finger and thumb,
+give two or three turns of the silk round the shank, flatten the end of
+the gut a little, which keeps it from drawing off, and tie it on
+underneath about half way down the hook firmly, this done, lay on a
+little varnish with your pencil. Take a piece of finer silk to make the
+fly with, and fasten it near the end of the shank, do not bring the silk
+to the extreme end of the shank to leave room for the wings, as they are
+apt to slip over on the gut if tied on too near. You strip off two
+pieces from the woodcock or starling wing, and lay them together evenly
+at the points, that the wings may be double when tied on (see the
+Trout-fly wing cut out of the woodcock feather, in the Plate), see that
+you do not make the wings too long when tying them on, let them be a
+little longer than the bend; press them tightly with your nails on the
+hook where you tie them on, and do not clip the ends of the wings with
+your nails, which gives them an unnatural appearance, but whether you
+lay them on first, or tie them on the reverse way and turn them back,
+make a judgment of the proper length; you now tie the wings on the
+reverse way at the end of the shank, with two or three rolls of the
+silk, give a running knot over it, and clip off the refuse ends of the
+roots of the feather; now before you form the body or tie on the hackle,
+turn the wings up in their place with the thumb nail of the right, and
+divide them in equal parts with a needle, draw the silk in and out
+between them, take a turn or two over the roots to keep them firmly in
+their place, and fasten with a running knot behind them next your left;
+then tie on the hackle, to suit the size, by the root (the soft flue
+previously picked off), close to the wings on its back, and give a knot
+over it, take the hackle by the point in your pliers, and roll it over
+the shank close under the wings two or three times on its side, keeping
+the outside of it next the wings, then draw it (the hackle) right
+through them, let the pliers hang with the point of the hackle in them
+at the head, and take two turns of the tying silk over it, fasten on the
+end of the shank which was left a little bare, cut off the silk and
+hackle points, give another knot or so to secure it before so doing, and
+lay on a little varnish at the head; now tie on a piece of fine tying
+silk opposite the barb on the shank, take two fibres of a mallard
+feather and tie them on about three-eighths of an inch long for tail, to
+extend over the bend of the hook, and with one knot tie on a piece of
+fine floss silk about three inches long to rib the fly; mix a little of
+the hare fur with yellow mohair, and draw a small quantity of it out of
+the lump with the right hand, take the hook by the bend in your left,
+lay the silk and hair over the end of the third finger, the hook being
+held in, twist the silk and hair together and roll it finely to the
+shoulder, give a running knot or two with the silk close to the hackle,
+take care to have a little more of the fur next the shoulder to make the
+body nicely tapered; you may continue to make the body from where you
+rolled on the hackle first, and fasten at the tail, and roll the hackle
+over it if the fly is to be of a long description; tail your fly, and
+tip it with tinsel, and with two running knots finish opposite the barb,
+at this point before you finish, wax your silk well, and touch with your
+varnish pencil: if there are any fibres of the hackle or of the wing, or
+the hair standing in a wrong direction, clip it off with your scissars,
+and your fly is completed. You may tie on floss silk or peacock's harl
+for the body the same as the mohair; and you can perceive that you may
+finish at the tail or at the shoulder, according to fancy--do not lose
+sight of this plan.
+
+[Illustration: _An easy method of making a Salmon Fly._]
+
+
+
+
+AN EASY METHOD OF MAKING A PLAIN SALMON FLY.
+
+(_See Plate._)
+
+
+Tie on the salmon hook to a length of twisted gut or loop (see the gut
+and hook tied on in the Plate of Salmon Hook, No. 1) firmly with strong
+marking silk well waxed, and lay on a little varnish; then take two
+pieces of turkey tail feather of equal size, or mallard feather,
+according to the colour of the wings you intend to make (see the turkey
+tail and mallard wings prepared, in the plate of feathers), tie them on
+the reverse way, a little longer than the bend of the hook where they
+are turned up (see the wings tied on the reverse way, Plate VII., on
+Salmon Hooks); these are tied on as the trout fly wings just described,
+and when turned up appear like the wings of plate No. 1, in an easy
+method of making a salmon fly--in this plate may be seen every thing
+necessary in making a plain salmon fly--these flies will be found good
+killers a great way up rivers from the sea. You hold the hook by the
+bend, and tie in the hackle at the head of the fly by the root end, and
+the tinsel to rib it in like manner (see the hackle tied on and the
+tinsel, Plate II.); about the same place where the hackle is tied on,
+tie three or four harls of the peacock's tail, twist them round the
+tying silk, and roll it down to the tail, and fasten with a running knot
+(see the body of Plate II.) the tying silk is now left hanging at the
+tail, where may be seen a small portion of the harl left cut, to shew
+where it was fastened; you roll the tinsel over the body to the same
+place and tie, three turns of the tinsel is sufficient; you then take
+the hackle by the end in your right hand, and roll it sideways in
+rotation with the tinsel, twisting it in your finger and thumb as you
+turn it over, to keep it slanting from the head, tie it in at the same
+place with a running knot, and clip off the ends of the hackle; you may
+tie in a short tail at this place, wax your silk, and finish with two or
+three running knots, cut off the tying silk, and touch them with a
+little varnish, to keep them from slipping--press down the hackle
+between your fingers which slants it to the tail--as the hackle is run
+over the body from the head to the tail of this fly, it will appear in
+the formation of the body (Plate III., on Salmon Hooks); when the fly is
+made with the hackle only struck round the shoulder, take two or three
+turns of it under the wings, and tie it in there (see Plate III., in an
+easy method of making a Salmon Fly). The body may be seen in this fly
+with the tinsel rolled over it, and tied in at the tail; a piece of the
+harl, tinsel and silk left to shew how it is done. The tinsel and harl
+are cut off, and with the tying silk, which is seen hanging, tie on a
+tail of topping, or mohair, feather of macaw, mallard, or any other to
+suit the taste or colour of the fly; you may tie on an ostrich harl, or
+peacock's harl, head like Plate I., where the tying silk may be seen
+hanging: the three flies on this plate, which are correctly engraved,
+will be found most valuable to the young beginner; and it is an expert
+method for the salmon fisher, when in a hurry, to make a fly or two for
+immediate use.
+
+When you wish to mix plain wings without dividing, tie them on first at
+the end of the shank, and form the head like No. 1 in this plate, which
+I think is the neatest of any, and suits best in rivers not very full of
+water. If you notice this plate correctly, it will be seen to correspond
+with the shape of the natural dragon fly; and as this fly, of various
+hues, is reared at the bottom of the water, it must be an alluring bait
+for the salmon and large trout; for when it first leaves the element of
+its birth, and proceeds to the banks of the river in a very feeble
+state, directly it receives strength it commences skimming the surface,
+preying upon the insects flying in the air at this time, and, when it
+comes weakly out of the water, the fish, no doubt, take it freely.
+
+There is another sort of fly that proceeds from the water, about the
+size of the flies on this plate, the body of which is of the colour of
+the blue feathers on the peacock's neck exactly, its legs are a dark
+brown colour, almost black, hanging long, and few of them; the wings,
+which stand upright on its back, or I may say, its head and shoulders,
+for the head and wings at the roots, and legs spring all out of the one
+lump which is very thick here in comparison to its beautiful slender
+body of many joints; the wings, I say, are a bronze brown with a moon in
+all the four like the peacock's tail feather, which in the artificial
+fly would be just the colour mixed with a little drake feather; there
+are some of them all brown, and some with bright green bodies, and blue
+green as above; all these beautiful insects must afford food for the
+fish. This of course accounts for the artificial representation in use,
+and it cannot be denied that they take them for natural ones, which the
+fly-fisher, according to fancy, forms most fantastically, varying on
+most of the rivers.
+
+[Illustration: The best method of making a Trout-fly]
+
+
+
+
+TO MAKE THE TROUT FLY, IN THE BEST AND MOST APPROVED METHOD.
+
+_(See Plate with Picker)._
+
+
+The reader will lay out his materials before him on the table, which
+consist of hook, gut, wings, hackle, feather for tail, body of fur,
+floss silk, or peacock harl, silk to rib it, wax, tying silk, &c., all
+things now ready, proceed as follows:--Wax a piece of fine China silk,
+about a foot in length; if it is spool or ribbon silk, twist two pieces
+together, and take one end between your teeth, twisting with your
+fingers and thumbs, not too much; take the other end in the left, and
+wax it up and down till it is covered with the wax all over; you may pin
+it on your knee as in the first plan, and wax it; take the hook by the
+bend in the left hand, say a No. 6 or 7 to begin with, placing your silk
+just waxed on the shank under your left thumb nail, and give two or
+three turns of the silk towards you, flatten the end of the gut a
+little, and tie it on to the hook about half way down the shank, at the
+same time hold the gut and hook tightly between your nails, and shift it
+as you go up or down, on the hook shank with the tying silk; the hook
+firmly tied on, take out one of the wing feathers of the hen pheasant,
+and cut out of the centre of it two equal pieces to compose the wings,
+(see the piece cut out for the trout fly wing in the plate of Feathers),
+you lay these two pieces together even at the points, take them between
+the nails of the right hand, place them on the end of the shank between
+the finger and thumb of the left, and give two or three turns of the
+silk over them tightly, winding the silk towards you, cut off the roots
+of the feather slantingly with your scissars, as this swells the fly at
+the shoulder when forming the body; the wings are now tied the reverse
+way, (see No. 7 Plate, at the sign of the "picker.") The three flies at
+top of this plate I will explain, when I show how the wings are turned
+back in their place. You now turn the hook in your fingers and hold it
+by the head, and of course you roll the tying silk from you; form the
+tail, body, and hackle, while holding your hook by the shank shift it in
+your hand till the nails are opposite the barb, where you tie on a tail
+(see Plate VII) You now draw a little mohair or fur out of the piece
+lying on the table, and lay it along the tying silk sparingly, twist it
+round the silk, and roll it up to the shoulder, or nearly so, and give a
+running knot; take a small hackle and cut it at the point (see hackle at
+the bottom of this plate), or, instead of cutting it, draw it back a
+little with the fingers, as you may see the grouse hackle prepared in
+the plate of feathers, or hackle cut at point in the plate of feathers;
+tie the hackle on at the centre of the body at the point where it is
+cut, and give a running knot, and to fill up the space between that and
+the shoulder, roll on a little more fur, and give a knot with the silk;
+wax your silk occasionally, as it wears off; you now turn the hook round
+in the fingers and hold it by the bend; this turning of the hook is the
+most curious and convenient part of it; the hackle appears standing on
+the fly, as in Plate II., or V. You take the hackle by the end in your
+right hand, and roll it up to the shoulder in a slanting direction,
+giving it an extra turn or two at the head, as you see Plate VII., tie
+it down, and cut off the stem of the hackle; take the fly between your
+finger and thumb, keeping the fibres of the hackle under them out of the
+way while you turn up the wings; you now divide them in two with a
+needle or "picker," turn up the off side one first and tie it down, then
+the one next you, and turn the silk in and out between them, to keep
+them asunder; you then draw all under your finger and thumb, and with
+the tying silk, give two turns over the ends, which forms a head, and
+finish on the small bit of hook left at the head, take a turn or two of
+the silk round the gut to guard it, and take two running knots; the fly
+now appears as Plate IV., press the fly between the fingers which slants
+the hackle towards the tail.
+
+As this is a valuable plate of flies to work upon, I will here commence
+with Numbers 1, 2, 3, and then 5 and 4, these two latter flies are
+bodies of gaudy sea-trout ones, or grilse flies. The wings are tied on
+last of the three first flies--you hold the hook by the bend in the
+left, and tie on the hook, gut, and tail, as you see in Plate I.; you
+then place on a little mohair to form the body, as in Plate II.; before
+you reach the shoulder you tie in the hackle, as No. 2, and leave a
+little of the end of the hook to receive the wings, and let the silk
+hang at the head; you now take the hackle by the end in your right, and
+roll it slantingly on its side or partly on its back, placing the third
+finger of the hand, the fly being held in against the hackle at each
+roll till you come to the shoulder, take a turn of the silk over it cut
+off the stem, and give a knot; let the silk hang at the place you are
+about to tie on the wings, the fly now appears as Plate III., and in
+this plate you may perceive the right length the hackle ought to be for
+the size of the hook; you then cut off two pieces from the starling or
+woodcock wings, and lay them together to make the wings of the fly full,
+and to appear double when finished, or a piece of mallard feather, like
+the wings of Plate IV.; you now hold the fly between the fore-finger and
+thumb nails of the left hand, close to where you see the silk hanging
+(Plate III.), tie on the off side wing first, holding tight by the nails
+to keep it on the top of the shank so that it will not turn round with
+the silk, wax your silk here, keep the middle finger of the left against
+it while you take up the other wing, and tie it on in like manner on the
+near side; this plan makes a division in the wings. You must endeavour
+to keep them tight on the end of the shank, or they will fall over on
+the gut, but by holding tight with the nails, and drawing tightly with
+the tying silk, you may soon prevent mistakes, and use every thing
+sparingly to prevent clumsiness or you will never get on. Now cut off
+the ends of the wings closely, and finish with a turn or two, and a
+running knot or two at the very head, and the fly will appear like the
+finished fly, Plate IV., lay on a little spirit-varnish at the head,
+which keeps it firm--(this varnish you may procure at the oil and colour
+warehouses, or at doctor's shops, that which is used for rods is best.)
+
+Now for the two Plates V. and VI.:--
+
+When the hook and gut is neatly tied on, as Plate I., you take a hook,
+size of the above two, and a hackle to suit; you hold the hook by the
+bend in the left, and opposite the barb where you see the silk hanging
+at No. 1, you take a piece of tinsel, tie it on, and give two or three
+turns just immediately below where you tie in the tail (see the tip of
+tinsel below the tail, Plate V.), take an ostrich harl and roll it on
+for tag, which you will see just above the tip of tinsel, then tie on a
+topping above that, as you may see, then the piece of tinsel to rib the
+body, which you may see extending longer than the tail; you now take a
+piece of floss silk, fine, and form the body of it from the tail to the
+shoulder, as you see the taper body of Plate V., and during the interval
+tie in the hackle on the centre of the body, at the point where the silk
+is hanging to receive the wings; take the end of the hackle in your
+right (first roll the tinsel as the body of Plate VI.) finger and thumb,
+and roll it slantingly over the body in rotation with the tinsel, as you
+see in this latter plate, and tie it down at the end of the shank, leave
+the silk hanging as in this plate, touch it at this place with varnish;
+you may wing it with turkey or "glede" (kite's) tail feather, mallard,
+&c., like the plate of the plain fly, opposite No. 7, or like the wing
+of the gaudy Irish salmon fly immediately under that number at the
+bottom of the plate, (I mention these two flies in this manner to
+distinguish them from the plate on Salmon Hooks). These two are models
+of a plain, and gaudy Irish fly; the delicacy of the body of the gaudy
+one, as the silk and tinsel is so finely wrought between each joint of
+harl and hackles, is beyond compare; and the wing is finely mixed,
+although not so perfect as the beautiful engravings of the twelve
+salmon flies.
+
+Before I begin the gaudy salmon fly, I will here show how the palmer is
+made, in two or three ways.
+
+[Illustration: TO MAKE THE PALMER OR DOUBLE HACKLEFLY.]
+
+
+
+
+TO MAKE THE PALMER, OR DOUBLE-HACKLE FLY.
+
+
+You tie on the hook firmly as before, and prepare two hackles for the
+fly, as you may see in the plate of Feathers, two hackles tied together
+at the roots, which keeps them on their sides evenly while rolling them
+on; you hold the hook by the shank in your left hand, tie in the
+hackles, the inside downwards, that when tied on and finished, the
+outside of the feathers appears to the eye (see the hackle tied in at
+the points, and the body and tinsel rolled on, at the bottom of the
+plates of Trout Flies for the season); tie in the tinsel to the body,
+and the peacock's harl, or mohair, or floss silk, to form it, at the
+same place--turn the hook in your fingers, and hold it by the bend; take
+the harls in your right hand, and roll them up to the head, or mohair,
+or your floss silk in the same way; take a turn of the tying silk
+over, with a running knot, clip off the ends of the harl, (leave a
+little of the end of the shank of the hook bare to finish on, or you
+will not be enabled to roll the two hackles neatly up to this place).
+Next, roll the tinsel over the harl, and tie, slope it as you go up;
+then take hold of the hackles in your right hand, and roll them over the
+body close beside the tinsel slopingly, taking care at the same time to
+keep the third or middle finger of the hand the fly is held in tight
+against them at each turn, and roll them closer as you go up to the
+shoulder, pull them tight here, and if there are any fibres left on the
+stem of the hackle that are superfluous, pull them off, still keeping
+your finger against them, and holding hard the hook; now take a roll or
+two of the tying silk over them and the knots, give the stem another
+pull to tighten them, and clip it off, tie down the head neatly with two
+running knots, and varnish it; press the fly between your fingers to
+slant the hackles downwards; and if any of the fibres of the hackles
+stand the wrong way cut them off, although, if they are rolled evenly
+together on their sides or back, you will turn the fly out correct,--see
+the beautiful Palmer in the plate, with the hook tied in on the back,
+which is a perfect model,--these hooks are tied together on the same
+piece of gut first, and then make the fly over them. It is difficult to
+perform this job until you know how to make a palmer on a single hook.
+
+[Illustration: How to make the Salmon-Fly]
+
+The foregoing is my favorite way of making a palmer, but you must be
+proficient before you can manage it well. I will here show how it can be
+made in a very easy manner, when you are able to handle the materials,
+and tie on nicely. When you have the hook and gut neatly tied on, take
+two hackles, and tie them in at the end of the shank by the roots on
+their back, tie in the peacock harl and tinsel to rib it at the same
+place; holding your hook of course by the bend in the left hand, take
+hold of the two hackles in your pliers by the points, and when the
+tinsel and body is rolled on, turn the hackles over the body close with
+the tinsel on their backs slopingly, till you reach the tail; here let
+go the pliers, and they will hang with the ends of the hackles still in
+them, till you take two turns of the silk over them, clip off the ends
+of the hackles, and tie it neatly with two running knots, lay on a
+little varnish; the fly will look rather rough in this method when
+finished, but with a little pain you will soon accomplish it; press down
+the fibres with your fingers, and cut away the superfluities. You should
+have a palmer ready made before you always while making this fly, which
+will facilitate you in your progress.
+
+When you find it difficult to place on the hackles first while you are
+making a fly, pull off one side of the fibres, and lay two evenly
+together, and draw them back at the points where you tie them in, as the
+hackle in the plate of Feathers, and roll them always slopingly over the
+body to the shoulder, on their edge with the outside of them next the
+head; and, according as you come up to the end of the shank, roll them
+closer, which makes the fly appear full there, press them well down with
+your fingers, (see the three-hackle, or Palmer Flies for Trout, 7, 8,
+and 9). The hackles of these three flies are beautifully struck.
+
+
+
+
+HOW TO MAKE THE SALMON FLY, AS SHOWN IN THE BEAUTIFUL PLATE OF
+ENGRAVINGS ON SALMON HOOKS.
+
+
+Reader, you will have an idea of the sorts of materials you require for
+the different processes on each hook in the plates, as the models were
+tied by me in strict proportion, and are most exquisite engravings: You
+take a piece of twisted gut to form the loop on the fly, double it over
+a needle, or "picker," to form an eye, and pare off the ends slantingly
+to lie nice and even when tied, as you may see in Plate I. on Salmon
+Hooks; wind your waxed silk round the shank of the hook about four or
+five times, before placing on the gut; hold the hook in the left hand
+near the end of the shank, lay the gut-loop underneath, and hold on
+between your finger and thumb tightly, to prevent it turning round when
+you lap the tying silk over it, and keep shifting your fingers down the
+shank out of the way of the tying silk in its progress to the tail,
+which you will see in Plate I. You now draw out a small piece of yellow,
+or red mohair, keep it tight between the nails and tie it on, first tip
+the fly immediately under the tail, as in Plate I.; you make it even
+with your scissars at the point, as that tail is seen; you now take a
+piece of yellow or orange floss silk, and lap it from the tail about
+two-eighths of an inch up to where you see the hackle and tinsel tied
+in, Plate II.; after having tied the hackle and tinsel on as you see it
+there, (you may draw the point of the hackle back, as the hackle
+prepared in the plate of Feathers, instead of cutting it at the point,
+as you may see also the hackle cut, in the plate of Feathers). You now
+shift your finger and thumb up the body a little, and just where you
+finished the knot over the floss silk twist a little pig hair round the
+tying silk sparingly, and roll it over the shank to the head, or within
+the eighth of an inch of the head, as you may see in Plate II.; you now
+take the two pieces of tinsel in the right hand and roll them up
+slopingly to where the silk is hanging, Plate II., and whip it down; you
+next take the stem of the hackle in the right hand, and roll it evenly
+beside the tinsel on its side, or partly on its back (this is done by
+giving the stem a gentle twist in your fingers) till you bring it to the
+head where there may be two or three extra rolls of it given to make it
+full at the shoulder, or where you tie on the wings, (see the hackle,
+beautifully rolled on from tail to shoulder, Plate III). You now take a
+piece of mallard feather, stripped off with your nails, and press it
+small at the end of the roots where it is to be tied on, (see the
+Mallard Wing prepared in the plate of Feathers); you strip another piece
+like it, and lay them even together; you take the other two pieces in
+like manner and do the same, so that each wing, when tied on, will be
+double; you now take the fly, Plate III., in your hand between the nails
+close to the shoulder, and wax well the piece of silk that hangs here;
+you take up one wing and lay it on at the off side, and give two whips
+of the silk over it tightly, holding on at the shoulder well with the
+left hand, to keep the wing from turning round under the belly; you now
+take up the near side wing, and lay it on in like manner, whipping it
+twice over, and then a running knot, (see the Mallard Wings, tied
+beautifully on, Plate IV.); and in that plate you see the root ends
+projecting over the loop, cut them off, and finish it with three or four
+turns of the silk, and two knots, close to the root of the wings to make
+all even.
+
+I will now proceed to show how the other three flies are formed--5, 6,
+and 7.
+
+These may be termed middling gaudy, and are famous for the rivers in the
+north of Scotland, or the clear waters of Ireland. You perform the
+operation of tying on the hook as Plate I; tip the fly at the tail, and
+tie on a topping; take a piece of black ostrich or peacock harl, tie it
+in at the roots, and roll it evenly over the shank two or three times
+(see the harl tag, Plate V); tie in the hackle above the ostrich tag,
+leave it hanging, and roll the twist up the body, previously formed of
+floss silk nicely tapered (see the Body of Plate V); take the hackle in
+the right hand, and roll it evenly with the tinsel, and fasten it as
+Plate VI; leave the silk hanging here to tie on the wings and the head.
+The wings of Plate VII, may be seen tied on the reverse way, and the
+body and hackle formed afterwards; they are now ready to turn back in
+their proper place to hang over the body, this is done by turning them
+neatly up with the thumb nail of the right hand, and laying them evenly
+on each side of the fly, with the best side of the feather out. The
+spots and shades which are perceivable in the wings and hackles of all
+the engraved specimens of fly, are shown to great perfection--I have
+described the whole of them, to match the shades exactly, so that it is
+impossible to go astray when tying on each fibre of feather.
+
+We will now return to Plate VI, and teach how it is to be winged--You
+cut off a strip from the turkey tail feather, which must be unbroken, as
+a whole wing; after measuring the proper length of it for the hook, you
+draw each piece small with the nails where it is to be tied on, as the
+strip is broader at the root, so that, take it on the whole, it must be
+narrow where this piece of feather is made small at the roots, as seen
+in the plate of Feathers, to keep it so whole, touch it with a little
+varnish, and let it dry a little on the table.
+
+You take hold of the fly in your left hand, close to the head, draw the
+fibres of the hackle out of the way by placing them under your fingers;
+take the wing in your right hand and lay it on, catching it between the
+left finger and thumb on the top of the hook tightly, and give two rolls
+of the tying silk over it; take up the other wing, like the last, and
+lay it on the near side, and lap the silk over it in like manner (renew
+the silk with wax before the wings are tied on); you now may tie on a
+few fibres of golden pheasant neck, and tail feathers at each side of
+the wings just put on, and a piece of macaw feather at each side; head
+it with ostrich, or roll a little pig hair round the silk sparingly, lap
+it over twice, and finish by giving two running knots over it close to
+the root of the wings (see the wing of the middling plain Salmon Fly,
+Plate II, immediately above the Sea-Trout Fly and May Fly.)
+
+The reader will perceive in this plate ON SALMON HOOKS, that I have just
+described a garden, as it were fully cultivated, there is hardly a space
+left waste, like the broad fields of industrious England, whose sons
+"never, never shall be slaves." All the other plates are likewise full
+of useful matter, which will prove my hard labour, and at the same time
+show that I have hid nothing from the Fly-Fisher in all the processes.
+
+If the fly (Plate V., ON SALMON HOOKS) is winged with feathers, like the
+Irish gaudy wing, prepared in the plate of Feathers, it will be found to
+approach near the gaudy fly at the bottom of the plate, with "picker" at
+top.
+
+I will now describe the process of making the Gaudy Salmon Fly, the
+plate of which is invaluable to the Salmon fisher:--
+
+[Illustration: _Process of making the Gaudy Salmon-fly_]
+
+
+
+
+PROCESS OF MAKING THE GAUDY SALMON FLY.
+
+(_See Plate._)
+
+
+You commence by tying the hook and gut firmly together, and that it may
+be more easy and convenient to the reader to accomplish this process of
+making the Gaudy Salmon Fly, I will tell how it is done in my own
+favourite way.--Take the hook in the left hand and hold by the shank
+immediately opposite the barb, here fasten on a piece of fine tying
+silk, finer than you tied the hook and gut on with, tie on a piece of
+tinsel, and roll it over the hook three or four times to tip the fly;
+place the nail of the left thumb on it, and tie with one knot (see the
+tip on the first fly in the plate, just below the ostrich tag); take a
+middling size golden pheasant topping, and tie it on just below the
+ostrich tag with a piece of tinsel, about a finger length, to rib the
+body (see the tinsel); take a hackle to suit the size of the hook, draw
+it a little back from the point, that is the fibres (see the hackle
+ready to tie in at tail in the first fly); take a fibre of ostrich, tie
+it on, and give two or three rolls of it from you, and as you turn it
+over keep the soft pile of the feather towards the tail, as this will
+make the tag appear even, and give a running knot, the less knots the
+better at this point to prevent clumsiness; now take a piece of pig
+hair, and twist it round the tying silk (see the pig hair round the
+silk, and the hackle tied on just above it), roll the pig hair over the
+body, giving it a turn or two between the ostrich tag and the hackle,
+that when the hackle is struck it may appear from the centre of the fly
+to the shoulder; the pig hair is now on, roll the tinsel over it
+slopingly till you come within the eighth of an inch of the loop; take
+hold of the end of the hackle in the right hand, and roll it up on its
+edge, or partly on its back, in rotation with the tinsel, and tie it
+down with two knots, clip off the end of the hackle and tinsel.
+
+If the fly is to be made with the hackle struck only round the shoulder
+(see hackle tied in at shoulder, on the second fly in this plate. I have
+not numbered the three flies on this plate, to distinguish it from the
+plate of AN EASY METHOD OF MAKING A SALMON FLY.) See pig hair body and
+tinsel rolled on; shift your hand up the hook in the left, and hold by
+the middle, take the hackle in the right, and roll it from you closely
+round the shoulder, (see hackle tied in at shoulder), leaving at the
+same time enough of the hook bare at the end of the shank to tie on the
+wings, and to roll on the jay feather (see jay hackle ready), the hackle
+supposed to be rolled round the shoulder, cut off the tinsel and pig
+hair which you see on the piece of silk, leaving another piece attached
+in the same place to tie on the wings (see the piece of tinsel and pig
+hair left at the head ready to be cut off, and the silk hanging to tie
+on the wings--second fly).
+
+The first fly, which we made above, is now no other in appearance than
+the third fly at the bottom of the plate, which shows hook, body, and
+tinsel. We now come to the most critical part of tying on the gaudy
+wings firmly, (see mixed gaudy wing ready to tie on). You take a
+neck-feather of the golden pheasant with a piece of silver pheasant
+tail, a piece of peacock wing, a teal feather, and a piece of wood-duck,
+&c., lay them all evenly together, and break the fibres between your
+nails, when you tie them on the hook to make the whole small, as you may
+see done at the root of the wing in the plate; take another golden
+pheasant neck feather, and prepare it exactly like the last, that the
+wing may be the same at each side when tied on; you now take hold of the
+fly in the left, the fibres of the hackle remaining under your finger
+and thumb, cut away the bit of tinsel and hackle-stem first, take the
+wing in your right, and lay it on the best side next you, and hold it
+tight with the left finger and thumb nails; give two laps of the silk
+over it, press it down tightly with the thumb nail, and take another
+turn of the silk, place the third finger against it to keep it on, till
+you lay on the off side wing; take it up as you did the other, and tie
+it down at the small part of the end, on the off side, hold it tight
+between the left finger and thumb, pressing it at the same time well
+down with the thumb nail of the right, take two rolls of the silk firmly
+over it, hold on manfully with the left, and give it another nail or two
+with the right thumb, make a running knot, lay it down awhile to rest
+your fingers; clip off the roots left hanging or projecting at the head
+closely (be careful always to leave enough of the hook bare to receive
+the wings, or you cannot manage it easily), now take two or three turns
+more over the head to make it tighter and even, leaving a little bit of
+the point to stand out; you then take a strip of macaw, and tie it on
+each side, clip off the ends, take an ostrich harl and tie it on about
+the centre of the head, and roll it over from you two or three times,
+the downy part of the stem next the loop to keep it all the one way, and
+when up to the root of the wings, take the silk which hangs here lap it
+twice over, and give a running knot; clip off the silk and end of the
+harl, lay on a little varnish very lightly at the point, and where the
+silk has been just tied down, keep the varnish off the ostrich harl; you
+may take a little pig hair, and twist it round the silk, roll it over
+the head very sparingly, and finish at the root of the wings in the same
+manner, laying on a little varnish.
+
+[Illustration: The plate of Feathers]
+
+I will here repeat the tying on of the gaudy wing, with two or three
+fibres of various sorts of feathers, &c., which may be a little more
+easy to accomplish than the foregoing to the young beginner.
+
+When you have the tail, tinsel, and hackle put together on the hook, and
+the eighth of an inch of the shank left bare to receive the wings;
+wax the silk well that it may make the head firm, and proceed
+thus.--First strip off two fibres of the peacock's wing feather, and
+place them with three or four fibres of brown mallard, and the same
+quantity of spotted turkey tail, add to it a piece of neck and tail
+feather of the golden pheasant, with a little guinea hen, teal, and red
+macaw feather, yellow, orange, and blue. Keep these all even together,
+and break them at the roots like the gaudy wing in the last plate, and
+divide them in equal parts; now having mixed both your wings alike, take
+up one wing in your right fore-finger and thumb nails and hold it
+tightly, take up your fly with the left hand, and with the right hand
+place the wing on at the off side, laying it under the fore-finger of
+the left hand, and with the right hand give two turns of the tying silk
+over it, at the same time holding on tight between the nails of the left
+hand, and press it down with the thumb nail of the right, which keeps
+the head firm; then in like manner take up the other wing and place it
+on the near side, keep the wings the same length, and to extend two
+eighths of an inch longer than the bend of the hook, having taken two
+laps over the near side wing, cut off the root ends at the head closely,
+holding tight with the left-hand nails, and press both wings down
+tightly with the right thumb nail; wax the silk well here, and lap it
+over the part where you cut off the ends evenly; bring the silk down on
+the gut and give three or four rolls of it just below the point of the
+shank to guard it from friction when throwing the fly; bring the silk up
+again close to the root of the wings, and tie on a fibre of blue and
+yellow macaw tail feather for horns, let them be the eighth of an inch
+longer than the wings, clip off the ends; take a jay feather and prepare
+it, tie it on at the off side of the head with the bare side next the
+belly of the fly, roll it with the right hand over the head, about three
+turns, and lap the silk over it while under the nail of the left; cut
+off the stem, lay on a blue kingfisher feather each side, tie on a black
+ostrich harl, give three or four rolls of it over the head, letting the
+stem be next to the root of the wings as you roll it, take it under the
+nail of the left thumb, and lap two turns of the silk over it close to
+the root of the wings, and with the finger and thumb press up the
+fibres of the ostrich towards the wings, to make it stand even in its
+proper place; cut off the silk, and lay on a little varnish at the point
+of the head, and your fly is completed.
+
+As it is my intention to instruct the reader in every point necessary
+for his benefit, according to my own knowledge and experience,
+throughout the pages of this book, it affords me much pleasure to be
+enabled to do so, and to offer something to the fly-fisher worth having,
+there is scarcely a page he opens that he will not find something
+valuable to himself, if he is a real lover of the art. "There is a
+pleasure in angling that no one knows but the angler himself."
+
+I will now show how the India-rubber Green Drake is made, with a
+cock-tail, like the beautiful engraving in the plate, (see Green Drake).
+The Grouse, and Golden Plover hackle may also be made in a similar
+manner, to suit fine evenings in the summer, without the tail.
+
+To compose the fly, take a piece of gold tinsel, and cut a long strip of
+light india-rubber very thin, hackle, wings, tail, and all laid down
+ready,--tie the gut on the top of the hook, to project about
+three-sixteenths of an inch below the bend, or tie the gut underneath in
+the usual way, and lay a piece of gut on the top somewhat thicker, to
+work the tail upon, (see the tail in the engraving,--look often at the
+flies to refresh the memory); take three hairs of the mane of a black
+horse, and tie them on the end of the piece of gut, about an inch in
+length, let the silk be fine and well waxed, then tie in the end of the
+gold tinsel, and the finest end of the piece of india-rubber at the
+tail, that the thick end may be towards the shoulder to make it taper;
+after the body is made very even with a little yellow floss silk, hold
+the fly by the shank in the left hand, with the nails in close contact
+with each other, and roll the tinsel closely up, shifting your hand;
+this fastened down with the tying silk, take hold of the india-rubber in
+the right, and the extreme end of the gut tail in your left nails; warm
+the rubber a little in the fingers to soften it, draw it out to its full
+extent, and roll it over the end of the gut, and at every roll keep the
+third finger of the left hand tight against it to prevent it starting,
+move the nails up the hook as you proceed with the rubber to the
+shoulder; give two laps of the tying silk over it, and a running knot.
+The body now formed, take a very light brown grouse hackle (see the
+grouse hackle prepared in the plate of Feathers,--the partridge and the
+plover hackles are prepared in the same way, and all feathers of this
+shape for the throat, you may either draw them back at the end, or cut
+them like the wren tail feather), and tie it on at the shoulder, roll it
+about three times over on its back, keeping the fibres down towards the
+left under the fingers, tie the stem with a running knot, and do not
+give too many laps of the tying silk at the head to make it bulky, for
+it occasions the wings to turn round on the hook, as then there is no
+foundation for them, but when they are tied hard on the hook, they sit
+firm--you can not wing it neatly otherwise; to prevent a vacancy at the
+shoulder, lay on a little yellow-green mohair to fill it up, and roll
+the hackle over it, you may now guard the gut with the silk before you
+tie on the wings, do not allow the body of the fly to come too close up
+to the head, or as I said before, you cannot tie on the wings properly.
+Now take the dyed mallard feather for the wings, strip two pieces off,
+and lay them together for one wing, and two pieces for the other wing
+in like manner; hold the body by the left close to the head, and lay on
+the off side wing first, hold it tight under the nails of the left, and
+take a turn or two of the silk tightly over it, take up the other wing
+and lay it on, catching it under the nails of the left, taking two turns
+more over it in the same way, and press it tight down with the nails of
+the right thumb, give another turn or two of the silk, press back the
+roots of the wings with the thumb nail of the right, cut them close off,
+roll the silk evenly over it, and give two knots, now take a peacock's
+harl, tie it in by the root end, and roll it over the head two or three
+times towards the wing, and tie it firmly here with two knots of the
+tying silk, cut off silk and harl, lay on a little varnish, and your fly
+is completed; press up the head to make it look even, cut off all
+superfluous fibres that may stand uneven, so that all will appear like
+the plate.
+
+There is another excellent way of making a body:--thus, take a piece or
+length of very flat gut, and soak it well in hot water till it becomes
+soft, tie it in at the end of the tail as you did the india-rubber,
+form a body nicely tapered of straw, roll some white floss silk over it
+at intervals, roll the soft gut closely over it to the head and tie it
+fast; then put a small partridge hackle round the throat, and wing it
+the same as before. Before you lay on the straw, cut it taper to suit
+the size of hook you are using, gold-beater's skin rolled over flat gold
+tinsel is also good.
+
+I will here teach the making of the beautiful WINGED LARVA, specimens of
+which are shown in the plate with the May Fly. There is nothing can
+exceed the beauty of these flies, and as artificial specimens for
+killing fish during easterly winds they are invaluable.
+
+It was in a strong east wind which lasted some weeks, five or six years
+ago, that I had such great success with this sort of fly in the river
+Tweed; grilse, sea-trout, and river-trout took it greedily. The two
+engravings in the plate of these flies are very beautiful. It would be a
+general killer in heavy running rivers under trees, or in rapid
+streams.
+
+[Illustration: TO MAKE THE WINGED LARVA.]
+
+
+
+
+TO MAKE THE WINGED LARVA.
+
+
+Tie on the hook and gut as before (say a hook about No. 8) and form a
+brown body of mohair on it, wing the fly with a portion of hen pheasant
+tail feather and woodcock wing; having the yellow brown body formed on
+the hook, and the wings ready to tie on, take a piece of the shrivelled
+larva you will find attached to the ends of the lengths of salmon gut,
+choose those that are nice and taper, and at the fine end tie on two
+fibres of golden pheasant neck feather for tail, clip off the end of the
+gut, lay on a little varnish at the end of the tail to keep it from
+coming off; now tie on the larva close to the shoulder, cut off the end
+of the gut, lay on a little varnish there, take some mohair of the same
+colour as the body, and roll it over the throat to cover the tying,
+leaving at the same time enough of the hook to receive the wings, you
+then take a light brown grouse hackle, off the neck of the bird, and
+roll it twice round the shoulder for the legs, or a woodcock feather, to
+be found at the root of the wings, outside, the latter I think is
+best. Now tie the wings on a little longer than the bend of the hook,
+clip off the ends at the head, and form a head with a piece of peacock
+harl, of a bronze colour as usual, fasten with the silk, and cut off all
+the superfluities. It would be well to draw out a little of the mohair
+at the shoulder to hang over the larva body, and to flatten the end of
+the gut a little where you tie on the tail, which keeps it on. Tie the
+larva at the side, so as it may appear like a double body to the fish in
+the water. It may be made by tying on the wings first, and let them
+remain until the body, the larva, and the hackle, are all tied in their
+proper places, and then turn back the wings over the body with your
+thumb nail, and tie them firmly down with the silk, taking two laps over
+the roots, and finish with two knots on the end of the shank immediately
+above the head.
+
+Do not neglect to tie in the larva tightly below the wings at the
+shoulder, to prevent it drawing out from the mohair body. You must hold
+on tight and press it well down with the nail of the right thumb, as you
+do the wings when tying them on last. It is best to look at the larvas
+engraved in the plate occasionally, to give you an idea how it is done.
+When the wings are turned up last, and a head formed of the root of them
+with the tying silk, you next roll on a piece of brown peacock harl at
+the root of the wings, a harl with long pile or fibres is best, as you
+can press it up with your fingers to hang over the root of the wings.
+
+The great nicety in making this fly to look well is, in tying on the two
+fibres of the golden pheasant feathers at the tail with fine silk, and
+the tying on of the larva itself at the shoulder of the fly, and then
+covering the silk that appeared bare with a little mohair twisted round
+the tying silk, and then rolled over it; it is over this bit of mohair
+the hackle should be rolled, and secured with two knots.
+
+The wing of the small larva in the plate is tied on last, and a most
+curious and killing looking fly it is; the other one does best in deep
+water, or for grilse or sea-trout in July and August, particularly in
+the latter month.
+
+The Salmon Fly, No. 11, in the centre of the plate, with the larvas, is
+a capital specimen for the light streams north of the Tweed, and would
+kill well in that splendid river at low water in summer, particularly
+at the "Throughs," three miles above the town of Kelso.
+
+The above fly I will describe hereafter, with the other engravings in
+the plates.
+
+To proceed regularly with the various methods of Fly Making, before
+touching on another subject, will be much more convenient to the tyro as
+he proceeds, so I will finish this branch of an "Angler's Education"
+with a Catechism, which will be found instructive and very curious to
+the beginner. It is accompanied with a copper-plate engraving of six
+flies, showing the whole process to the eye, which cannot fail to give a
+lasting idea to the fly maker who will properly study it.
+
+In this last process, the reader should lay out every thing necessary
+for making a single fly in a piece of folded paper, so that he can look
+at the various articles as he rehearses them over in the book,--this
+will keep them more strongly in his mind.
+
+Have each article to suit the size of the hook exactly, that when the
+fly is completed, it will appear in strict proportion: for instance, the
+hackle should be chosen small to suit the legs of the trout fly, and the
+large flies to have hackles off the saddle of the cock, that are old
+and stiff, to withstand the motion of the water; and fine silk, both
+floss and tying for the bodies of the small flies, and every thing in
+unison, as you read in the book; handling every thing sparingly,
+delicately, and nicely in the fingers. There is a good deal of the
+"battle fought" by letting the nails grow to a pretty fair length so as
+to hold on grimly.
+
+
+
+
+A CATECHISM OF FLY-MAKING,
+
+BY WILLIAM BLACKER
+
+
+_Question._--What do you mean by Fly-making?
+
+_Answer._--I mean the artificial assimilation of those beautiful insects
+that appear on brooks and rivers during the summer season.
+
+_Q._--What are these artificial flies used for in general?
+
+_A._--They are principally used to afford gentlemen rural amusement and
+recreation, by their taking both trout and salmon with the rod, line,
+and fly.
+
+_Q._--Name the different materials requisite for making the Artificial
+Fly.
+
+[Illustration: _To make the Trout-fly as taught in the_ CATHECHISM.]
+
+_A._--The necessary materials for making the Artificial Fly are as
+follows:--various kinds of feathers, furs, mohair, pig hair, dyed
+hackles, silks, tinsel, &c., &c.
+
+_Q._--When the tyro has all the materials prepared, and seated at the
+table, how does he commence to make the fly?
+
+_A._--First, the hook is firmly tied on the gut, and one eighth of an
+inch of the end of the shank left bare to receive the wings (see plate,
+hook, gut, and tail, tied on).
+
+_Q._--How are the wings tied on?
+
+_A._--They may be tied on the reverse way first, at the extreme end of
+the shank, and after the tail, body, and legs are formed, turn up the
+wings, divide and tie them down, and form the head.
+
+_Q._--Is there any other way of placing on the wings of a trout fly?
+
+_A._--Yes, by forming the tail, body, and legs first, and tie on the
+wings last.
+
+_Q._--Having the wings the reverse way, to appear in strict proportion
+over the fly when turned, what is the next part to be performed?
+
+_A._--Next, I take hold of the shank opposite the barb in my left, and
+here tie on a short piece of tinsel for the tip, roll it over two or
+three times evenly, and secure it with a running knot, immediately above
+this tie on the tail.
+
+_Q._--When the wings are tied on reversed, the tip and tail secured, how
+do you form the body?
+
+_A._--I take hold of the hook in my left hand close to the tail, and
+with my right draw out a small quantity of mohair, twist it round the
+tying silk close to the hook, draw it gradually full under the fingers
+to taper it, I then roll it closely over the shank to the root of the
+wings and fasten it. Leave a vacancy to receive the hackle if rolled on
+at the shoulder.
+
+_Q._--If there is not sufficient mohair twisted on the silk to form the
+whole body, what must be done?
+
+_A._--When the mohair on the silk becomes short, I tie it down on the
+centre of the shank, and tie in the point of the hackle here (see the
+second and third flies in the plate of this process), and apply a little
+more stuff to fill the shoulder, leaving a little of the hook to receive
+the wings.
+
+_Q._--Having tied the hackle on towards the shoulder of the fly, how do
+you strike it in its proper place?
+
+_A._--I hold the hook in my left hand by the bend, and with the right
+take hold of the stem of the hackle and roll it round the shank on its
+back, and tie it down (the fly may be ribbed and hackled from the tail
+like the fourth fly in the plate).
+
+_Q._--The hackle, body, tail, and tinsel now neatly tied, how do you tie
+on the wings?
+
+_A._--I now hold the fly in my left hand by the body, drawing the fibres
+underneath my finger and thumb out of the way, lay on the wings double,
+catch them under the nails of the left and give two laps of the tying
+silk over them, press them down at this place with the right nail divide
+and let the fibres of the hackle spring up between them, cut off the
+roots, lap the silk closely over the head and fasten with two knots (see
+the cock tail at the bottom of this plate).
+
+          _Note._--The wings of this fly were tied on first,
+          as seen, and turned up last; the fuller the fly is
+          at the shoulder the more the wings will stand
+          upright on the back, and it often occurs that
+          when the wings of the fly lie flat on the back,
+          and it happens to be an end fly on the casting
+          line, which is usually under the surface of the
+          water, that the fish takes it for a drowned fly
+          eagerly, and the wings much longer than the bend
+          of the hook, this is not unnatural, as the wings
+          of numbers of the brown and olive flies seen on
+          the water have their wings much longer than the
+          body, and when not on the wing lie flat on their
+          backs.
+
+I will here give a more easy way of making a Trout fly.
+
+_Q._--How do you commence to make the Fly in this way?
+
+_A._--I tie on the wings first, turn them up, tie down the head, and
+finish the fly at the tail.
+
+_Q._--When the wings are tied on first, and turned before you commence
+the body and legs, how do you proceed?
+
+_A._--I take a small hackle to suit the size of the hook, strip off the
+flue, and tie it on by the root at the head, and a piece of tinsel to
+rib the body.
+
+_Q._--Having tied on the hackle thus, what is the next thing to be
+done?
+
+_A._--I draw out a little mohair, twist it tightly round the tying silk,
+roll it down to the tail and fasten it, and roll the tinsel over in like
+manner.
+
+_Q._--The body and tinsel being formed, how is the hackle struck on?
+
+_A._--I take hold of the hackle in my right hand with either my fingers
+or pliers, and roll it over the body to the tail, fasten and cut off the
+ends, tie in a tail and the fly is complete. This is the style of the
+fifth fly in the plate.
+
+_Q._--When a fly is to be made in the above way without wings, called a
+hackle fly, how is it done?
+
+_A._--Having previously tied, I take two hackles of equal size, lay them
+even together, and tie them on by the roots at the end of the shank, and
+then the piece of tinsel to rib it.
+
+_Q._--How do you form the body and tinsel after tying on the hackles?
+
+_A._--I twist a very small quantity of mohair round the silk and roll it
+to the tail, or a peacock's harl, and fasten it there, over this I roll
+the tinsel.
+
+_Q._--As the hackles are a nice point to perform, how are they struck?
+
+_A._--I take hold of the hackles with the pliers at the points, both to
+stand the one way, give two rolls round the shoulder to make it full,
+and proceed with them slantingly on their backs to the tail, let the
+pliers hang with them and roll the tying silk twice over them, cut off
+the superfluous fibres of the hackles, take two running knots, and lay
+on a little varnish to harden the tying, press down the hackles with the
+fingers to slope them towards the tail, and the fly is completed.
+
+_Q._--When you wish to make a larger Salmon Fly, how do you undertake
+it?
+
+_A._--I tie on the hook and gut firmly together, as in Plate I, ON
+SALMON HOOKS, take hold of it by the shank opposite the barb, roll on a
+piece of broad tinsel to tip it, tie on a topping for tail, with a black
+ostrich tag.
+
+_Q._--Having gone thus far, how do you manage the pig hair body?
+
+_A._--Having laid before me two or three colours of pig hair, I roll a
+piece of fine floss silk on first next the tail, I then twist a piece of
+pig hair on the silk, roll it up towards the head, shifting up a little
+and tie, take another piece of hair, and another, and do in like manner
+(see the pig hair body of No. 2, ON SALMON HOOKS).
+
+_Q._--How is the hackle struck on over the body?
+
+_A._-Having held the fly by the shank to form the body, I now turn it
+and hold it by the bend, the hackle and tinsel previously tied in, as in
+Plate II, ON SALMON HOOKS, I roll the tinsel up first and the hackle
+next in rotation with it; Plate V. will show the tinsel rolled over the
+floss silk body, and the hackle ready to roll on.
+
+_Q._--Having rolled on the hackle, and turned a jay hackle over the
+shoulder, how do you proceed with the wing?
+
+_A._--I take two golden pheasant neck feathers and tie them on tightly
+first, then sprig them at each side with various fibres of feathers (see
+the wing in the plate prepared).
+
+_Q._--How do you cover the lump occasioned by the quantity of tying silk
+at the head?
+
+_A._--I draw out a small quantity of pig hair, twist it on the tying
+silk, and roll it over two or three times towards the root of the wings
+tightly, give three knots, lay on a little varnish, cut off the silk,
+and the fly is finished.
+
+_Note._--If you make a pike fly, use large double hooks and gymp, with
+broad tinsel, and make the body full with pig hair, large saddlecock
+hackles for legs, wing them with peacock moon feathers, and add two
+large blue beads over spangles for eyes, and green or red pig hair
+towards the head. Fasten on the beads with fine copper wire, rolling it
+over the head two or three times, and also three times through the eyes,
+and tie down the wire tightly with the silk; roll the pig hair round the
+silk and then over the head and between the beads, fasten it with three
+knots, and lay on the varnish.
+
+These large artificial flies kill pike or jack best on windy days with
+rain; they will not rise at the fly on fine days, except there is a
+strong ripple on the water. You humour the fly on the surface as you
+would move a salmon one, using a strong rod, reel, and line. If he is a
+large fish, he will rush off with the fly when hooked; but, if a small
+one, lift him out when he makes a double quick shake on the top of the
+water. I would advise the fisher to strike a jack quickly, for he often
+throws the fly out of his mouth when he finds the deception.
+
+
+
+
+THE TROUT FLIES FOR THE SEASON.
+
+
+I will now give a description of those flies which will be found most
+killing, as they are imitations of the natural ones that appear in each
+month, so that the fly-fisher may practice with them to very great
+advantage.
+
+The numbers of each correspond with the engravings in the plates of the
+catalogue of flies.
+
+THE TROUT is a game and sportive fish, and affords much amusement to the
+fly-fishers, as well as being generally esteemed the best of our
+fresh-water fishes for the table. The spawning time of the trout is much
+the same as that of the salmon, about October and November, and their
+haunts very similar; they fix upon some gravelly bottom to deposit their
+spawn, in either river or lake, and are never good when big with roe.
+After they have spawned they become lean and wasted, and their beautiful
+spots disappear; in this state they retire to the deep and still parts
+of the river during the winter months. As soon as the weather becomes
+open in February, they begin to leave the deeps and approach the rapid
+streams, where they soon obtain vigour for the summer sport. They
+delight in sandy and rocky beds and pools, into which sharp and swift
+streams run, and under shady banks, behind large stones and in eddies;
+in streams where there are sedges and weeds in the spring of the year.
+In the summer months they get strange, and haunt the deepest parts of
+swift running streams; they are found also at the upper ends of
+mill-pools and weirs, under bridges, and in the return of streams where
+the water boils in deep places. At the decline of the year they resort
+to the tails of streams and deep water.
+
+They are in season from February till the end of September.
+
+These few suggestions may benefit the young angler by giving him an idea
+of knowing where to cast his flies for them.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of 15 Trout-flies.]
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR MARCH.
+
+
+No. 1. THE MARCH BROWN.--The body is made of light brown mohair, mixed
+with a little fur of the hare's neck, and a little yellow mohair, ribbed
+with yellow silk; a small brown partridge hackle for legs (this feather
+is found on the back of the partridge), hen pheasant wing feather for
+the wings, and two fibres of the same bird's tail feather for the tail
+of the fly. No. 8 hook. This fly is well taken by the trout, and
+continues good till the end of April. The following flies appear before
+the March brown, but it being a great favorite, I have given it first.
+
+No. 2. THE EARLY DARK DUN.--The body is made of water-rat's fur, mixed
+with a little red mohair, the red more towards the head, an iron-blue
+dun hackle for legs, and the wings of water-hen or water-rail wing. No.
+9 hook.
+
+There is another variety or two of this fly that kill well in February
+and March, which are as follows: A black red hackle, with the above
+wings and body; a mallard wing, and the above body; a peacock harl
+body, a soot-coloured dun hackle, and a tip of gold. No. 10 hook.
+
+There is a small fly, which I term the "heath fly," which is an
+excellent one in this month, and is made thus: The body is made of the
+fine fur of the belly of the hedgehog, or rat back fur (common rat),
+mixed with red squirrel fur, and a little orange mohair, rolled on thin
+and taper; a small silver grey hackle for legs, and winged with the grey
+tail feather of the partridge. A grey mallard and red squirrel fur makes
+another good fly. No. 10 hook.
+
+No. 3. THE LITTLE BLUE DUN.--The body is made of mole's fur, slightly
+mixed with bright yellow mohair, a light blue dun hackle for legs, and
+starling wings. No. 12 hook. This delicate little fly appears on cold
+days in March, and is well taken by the trout from ten till four in the
+evening, with the little red dun.
+
+No. 4. THE ORANGE DUN.--The body is made of orange and hare's fur, a
+honey dun hackle for legs, and grey mallard wings. No. 10 hook. Good on
+windy days in this month and the next. There should be but little
+hackle used on small flies in the early season, as the fur is sufficient
+or nearly so.
+
+No. 5. THE MARLOW BUZZ.--The body is made of peacock harl, a dun hackle
+over it from the tail, and two dark red ones round the shoulder, rib of
+silver. This fly does best where there are large trees growing over the
+river banks.
+
+No. 6. THE BROWN HACKLE.--The body is made of yellow brown mohair, a
+little orange fox fur, and two short fibred brown-red hackles rolled
+from the tail over the body, and ribbed with gold wire for evening
+fishing. It will be found a good one for large trout in river or lake,
+winged with hen pheasant tail, and forked with two fibres of the same
+feather, hook No. 10 for the small fly, and No. 6 for the larger size.
+
+There is also a small red fly comes on in this month, very killing; the
+body is made of red squirrel's fur, a turn of a red hackle round the
+throat, and grey mallard wings mixed with partridge; hook No. 8.
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR APRIL.
+
+
+No. 7. THE SOLDIER FLY.--The body is made of scarlet-colored mohair,
+ribbed with fine gold twist, and two black-red cock hackles run up over
+the body from the tail, (it is made also with orange floss silk body,
+ribbed with black silk), a small furnace hackle round the throat and a
+darkish starling wing. The dark red furnace hackle has a dark mark round
+the edges.
+
+It may also be made to advantage with peacock harl and black-red hackles
+over it, and tipped with gold. The latter way makes it the "cochybonddu"
+of Wales. It kills best on windy days in general, with the cow-dung fly,
+and partridge hackle.
+
+No. 8. THE CUCKOO HACKLE.--The body is made of peacock's harl, and two
+dark dun hackles, with darkish bars across them, rolled up to the
+throat; give it a tag of yellow green silk, at the end of the tail,
+silver.
+
+The Granam fly may be made thus:--The wings are made of hen pheasant
+wing feather, hare's ear fur for body, and a grizzled cock hackle for
+legs. It is a four-winged fly, and when it flutters on the water it is
+very much like the engraving in the plate; but when it sails down the
+surface, the wings lie flat on its back, and as soon as it touches the
+water it drops its eggs; the trout take it freely for about a week in
+this month, with the gravel or spider fly,--dun body, black hackle, and
+woodcock wings; some use lead-coloured body.
+
+No. 9. THE BLACK PALMER, OR HACKLE.--The body is made of yellow floss
+silk, ribbed with silver tinsel, and two short fibred black hackles
+struck on from the tail to the shoulder. Hook No. 8.--Vary the body of
+this fly with peacock harl without the silver, and it will be a capital
+one for light clear water on No. 12 hook. Use the cow-dung fly on windy
+days, with the above-named one.
+
+No. 10. THE DUN FOX FLY.--The body is made of the fur found on the neck
+of the fox next the skin, mixed with golden yellow mohair. The wings are
+the wing feather of the starling or fieldfare, with two fibres of a
+stiff honey dun cock hackle for tail; pick out the fur a little at the
+shoulder for legs; hook No. 12. Never was there a better little fly
+than this thrown on the water, it will kill fish any day in the year.
+Put on the little black hackle, with peacock harl body with it as a drop
+fly; and when the dun fox is used as a drop fly, put on the March brown
+as a stretcher. There may be seen three shades of this fly on the water
+at the same time occasionally; the other two shades are the ash and blue
+fox,--the first is a very light dun colour of the fox cub's neck or
+face, the other is of a darker blue shade; they are great favorites with
+the trout, artificially; in mild weather throughout the summer, a small
+wren and grouse hackle may be used with them, the bodies made very thin
+and taper, and rather full at the shoulder--the wren with orange mohair
+body, and the grouse with golden yellow floss silk body.
+
+No. 11. THE DUN DRAKE.--The body is made of golden olive mohair, mixed
+with hare's ear fur, the light and dark, and forked with two short
+fibres of brown mallard. The wings are made of land-rail wing, and a
+little brown mallard, mixed nicely together. Hook, No. 9. There is a
+dark red, and a dark dun fly on the water at the same time as the
+dun-drake, all of which will be found good ones till the end of May.
+The Irish name for the dun drake, is "Coughlan,"[A] made thus:--The
+wings, grey partridge tail; the body, light brown bear's fur, with
+bright yellow mohair, hare's fur from the face, mixed altogether, forked
+with two stripes of a dark mallard's feather, and a partridge hackle.
+No. 8 hook. In Ireland they consider this the most useful fly they have
+in April and May, as a stretcher, used with the little dun fox, and
+black-red, (soldier fly).
+
+No. 12. THE STONE FLY.--The body is made of brown mohair ribbed with
+yellow silk, a tuft or tag of yellow mohair or silk at the tail, and a
+little yellow mohair worked in under the shoulder, over which roll the
+hackle, which should be of a brown-red colour; the wings are made of the
+hen pheasant tail mixed with copper brown mallard, made full, and larger
+than the body. No. 6 hook. If this fly is made of good colours, as above
+described, hardly any large trout, in humour of taking, can well refuse
+it. An odd one of them may be seen in March, when the weather is mild;
+but in April and May, when it becomes more congenial to them, they
+appear numerous towards the evening. Ribbed with gold twist, it makes a
+famous grilse fly.
+
+No. 13. THE YELLOW SALLY.--The body is made of buff-colored fur, and a
+small yellow hackle for legs round the head; the wings are made of the
+buff-coloured feather inside the wing of the thrush. No. 13 hook. This
+is the forerunner of the Green Drake or May fly. The trout take this
+little fly freely, and it is a most excellent killer on fine days, if
+made according to the description. It will be found on the water till
+the end of May. The partridge hackle is also good in this month.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of 16 Flies]
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote A: "Taylor's Angler."]
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR MAY.
+
+
+No. 14. THE BLACK GNAT.--The body is made of black hair from the
+spaniel's ear which is fine and soft, or a black ostrich feather clipped
+very close, and a small black hackle for legs; the wings are from the
+starling's wing feather. No. 13 hook. This is a good fly throughout a
+clear day, used as a dropper with the foregoing fly, and wren tail.
+
+It floats on the surface of the water in numbers on sultry days with
+mild showers of rain. It may be varied to advantage with blue silk body.
+
+No. 15. THE LITTLE BROWN MIDGE.--The body is made of brown mohair with a
+shade of orange mohair at the shoulder, two turns of a small brown-red
+hackle for legs; the wings are made of brown mallard and a little strip
+of land-rail mixed. No. 13 hook, snick bend.
+
+There appears to be a variety of small flies on the water with the above
+fly about the middle of the day, dark browns, pea-greens, and dun flies,
+all water insects, which the trout take very freely.
+
+No. 16. THE LITTLE IRON BLUE.--The body is made of a little light
+coloured water-rat's fur mixed with a few hairs of yellow, an iron blue
+coloured dun hackle for legs, and the wings from a blue dun feather to
+be found underneath the wing of a dun hen, or starling wing feather,
+tail it with a dun hackle, two fibres. No. 10 hook. It sails upright on
+its legs on the water, with both tail and wings cocked up, so that it
+would suit best as a bob fly. It will be found a useful fly throughout
+the season, varied a little in shade according to the weather, the
+darker ones on fine clear days.
+
+The Coachman, Oral, and the Governor flies will be found good ones in
+this month towards night, when the beautiful White Moth may be also
+seen.
+
+No. 17. HARE'S EAR AND YELLOW.--The body is made of the light part of
+the fur from the hare's ear, ribbed with yellow silk; the wings are from
+the wing of the starling or fieldfare, and two stiff fibres of honey dun
+cock's hackle, from the rump for tail, to cock up, pick out the fur at
+the head for legs, No. 12 hook. It will kill fish every day in this
+month, and will be found good till the end of July. It may be also
+called the Little Cocktail.
+
+No. 18. THE GREEN DRAKE.--The body of this beautiful fly is made of
+yellow green mohair, the color of a gosling newly come out of the shell,
+and ribbed with yellow-brown silk, a shade of light brown mohair at the
+tail, and a tuft of the same color at the shoulder, picked out between
+the hackle, the whisks of the tail to be of three black hairs of the
+mane of a horse, about three-quarters of an inch long; the hackle to be
+a greenish buff dyed, (dye a silver dun hackle with bars across it
+called a cuckoo), or a light ginger hackle bordering on a yellow. The
+wings, which should be made full, and to stand upright, are made of dyed
+mallard feathers of a greenish buff, or yellowish shade: a brown head of
+peacock harl tied neatly above the wings, No. 6 hook. The wings may be
+made of the ends of two large dyed mallard feathers, with each side
+stripped off, and the beautiful long ends to form the wings, tie them on
+whole back to back, a little longer than the bend of the hook--these
+feathers stand up well and appear very natural in the water; large size
+ones kill well in lakes, with bright yellow mohair bodies and gold twist
+rolled up them; a long honey dun palmer kills well on windy days,
+allowed to sink near the bottom, ribbed with gold twist (see the palmer
+in the plate with double hook). The trout take it no doubt for the
+Creeper or "Cad Bait;" a very small swivel tied on at the head, would
+improve its life-like appearance in the water as you move it with the
+rod; and the larger size one would also do better with a swivel.
+
+No. 19.--THE GREY DRAKE.--The body is made of pale yellow mohair, or
+floss, three fibres of dark mallard for tail, ribbed with brown silk, a
+grizzled dun-cock's hackle for legs, or silver grey; grey mallard for
+wings, and a peacock harl head.
+
+The body should be made taper, and full at the head, it is a capital fly
+on rough days in May and June, and used to advantage on warm evenings.
+The body may be also made of dun fox fur, grey at the ends, a silver
+grey hackle for legs, and forked with three hairs from a fitch's tail;
+the wings grey mallard and widgeon mixed. It is also made of straw body,
+grey cock's hackle, and mallard wings--these two methods are very good.
+They kill well in Scotland, and in Ireland are called the "Grey
+Cochlan." These flies may be seen in "Taylor's Angler."
+
+Mr. Taylor was an angler of no small pretensions, he was very fond of
+the Irish coloured flies, and has adopted many of them as standards for
+Scotland, England, and many rivers in Wales.
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR JUNE.
+
+
+No. 20.--THE GREAT RED SPINNER.--The body is made of red mohair, ribbed
+with fine gold wire, and a red cock hackle for legs; the wings are made
+of brown and grey mallard, the grey underneath; two fibres of stiff
+cock's saddle hackle for tail, No. 6 or 7 hook. The Small Red Spinner is
+made as the above, but instead of mallard use starling wings. It is an
+excellent fly for a dark evening in June and July, with the furnace
+hackle.
+
+No. 21.--THE ALDER FLY.--The body is made of brown coloured peacock
+harl, a black-red cock hackle for legs, the wings are made of hen
+pheasant tail feathers, hook No 6. There is another way or two of making
+this fly which cannot be beaten, they are mostly used in Ireland, and
+are known to be killers in England and Scotland. The body is made of
+bronze brown mohair, a very small brown grouse hackle round the head,
+and the wings from a brown spotted hen's wing, No. 8 hook. The other is
+made with grey and red partridge tail mixed for wings, a copper brown
+peacock harl body, and a dark brown red hackle off a cock's neck for
+legs. The legs may be also made of the wren's tail or woodcock hackle,
+this feather is found on the roots of the outside of the wings of the
+woodcock. These are good flies in lakes or rivers for large trout--rib
+with gold for lakes.
+
+No. 22.--THE SAND FLY.--The body is made of the sandy coloured fur from
+the hare's pole, mixed with orange mohair, and a small ginger coloured
+cock's hackle for legs; the wings are made of a sandy coloured brown
+hen's wing, No. 10 hook. An excellent little fly on fine days with a
+little wind and occasional showers.
+
+There is another little fly that will be found equally good, made
+thus:--the wings are made of red and grey partridge tail feathers,
+orange body, and black-red hackle rolled up from the tail to the head,
+it will kill well on dark days, ribbed with gold, No. 8 hook.
+
+No. 23.--THE WHITE MOTH.--The body is made of white mohair, which is
+lively ribbed with orange floss, a white cock's hackle rolled round the
+shoulder; the wings from a white feather of the swan that grows over
+the back. It may be varied with cream coloured mohair, very light ginger
+hackle, and a buff wing from a hen of that colour; and a browner one may
+be made from a matted brown hen's wing, or light brown grouse tail, or
+large hackle off the rump of the same bird, brown-red cock's hackle, the
+whole to be made full, of good coloured and stiff materials, that they
+may not absorb the water, and alight heavy when thrown on the surface.
+
+No. 24. THE OAK FLY.--The body is made of orange silk, and a little
+hare's ear fur under the shoulder, rib it with a furnace hackle from the
+centre of the body up (if the hackles are tied on at the tail they are
+very apt to get cut with the teeth of the fish in a very short time).
+The wings may be made from the mottled brown hen, or the woodcock wings,
+of a red tinge. No. 8 hook. This fly cannot be too highly valued for its
+killing qualities. It will be found useful for large trout of a windy
+day with a grey cloud over head, and not likely to rain. "Mr. Bowlker,"
+in his "Art of Angling," mentions the oak fly in this manner: "The oak,
+ash, woodcock, cannon, or down-hill fly, comes on about the sixteenth of
+May, and continues on till about a week in June; it is to be found on
+the butts of trees, with its head always downwards, which gives it the
+name of the down-hill fly. It is bred in oak-apples, and is the best of
+all flies for bobbing at the bush in the natural way, and a good fly for
+the dab-line, when made artificially." The wings are made from a feather
+out of the wing of the partridge or woodcock, the body with a bittern's
+feather, and the head with a little of the brown part of hare's fur. The
+hook, No. 6. Some dub it with an orange, tawny, and black ground, and
+with blackish wool and gold twist; the wings off the brown part of a
+mallard's feather.
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR JULY.
+
+
+No. 25.--THE GREAT WHIRLING DUN.--The body is made of water-rat's fur,
+mixed with yellow mohair, and ribbed with yellow silk; a reddish blue
+dun hackle for legs; grey mallard wings, or starling--try both. No. 8
+hook. There are two or three varieties of this fly, which make their
+appearance in this month, and are very killing on fine, mild days, with
+occasional showers; their colours run from a dark to a light sky-blue.
+
+"Mr. Bowlker," in his "Art of Angling," an authority which I like, as he
+was himself a fisherman, speaks thus of one of these beautiful flies:
+"It comes on about the end of May, and continues till the middle of
+July. It is a neat, curious, and beautiful fly; its wings are
+transparent, stand upright on its back, and are of a fine blue colour,
+its body is of a pale yellow, its tail forked, and the colour of its
+wings. It is a fly that the fishes take extremely well from seven
+o'clock in the evening till sun-set. The wings are made from the light
+blue feather of a hen; the body is made with pale yellow mohair, mixed
+with light blue fur, and ribbed with a fine cock's hackle, dyed yellow,
+the hook, No. 8." This is taken from "Bowlker's" original work.
+
+No. 26. THE LITTLE PEACOCK FLY.--The body is made of bright brown
+peacock's harl, with a tip of gold at the tail, or gold colour floss
+silk; a red hackle for legs, and a starling wing. This little fly comes
+on about the middle of July, and continues till the end of August. It
+may be used to advantage on fine days, with the blue dun, and cinnamon
+brown. I have seen this latter fly on the river "Mole," in August, of a
+fine brown colour, and plump in the body, about the size of the Great
+Whirling Dun. The body was red brown, the legs an amber brown, the wings
+were a mottled light brown, and the tail of the same colour as the
+wings. I have seen the above fly some time after on the "Bann," in the
+north of Ireland, a river six times the size of the Mole, not half the
+size, in August. This circumstance of the difference in size, must be
+the nature of the soil through which the rivers flow; the "Bann" is a
+gravelly bed, full of large stones, with a very fall strong running
+stream; the "Mole" not so. It is my opinion that in the summer months
+there is more sport to be had with flies as small as can be made, than
+with the general run, except late in the evening, then use a large
+fly--a brown, or white moth, where a large fish shows himself.
+
+No. 27. THE BLUE BLOW.--The body is made of mole's fur mixed with yellow
+mohair, run very taper from the tail up; the wings are made of a
+tom-tit's tail feather, or water hen; the tail is two hairs of a mouse's
+whisker, or fibres of dark dun hackle; the body is picked out a little
+at the head to imitate legs; the fly altogether to be made very small
+and delicate, hook No. 13. These little flies may be seen on good size
+rivers in hundreds, in the summer on sultry days; where there is a stone
+projecting out of the water they gather round it, and with the motion
+are carried up and down on the side of the stone, where large trout lie,
+like ant bears, sucking them in by the dozen; the wing of the water-rail
+is capital to imitate that of the fly. There is another excellent
+killing fly that may be used with the above, made thus;--body, gold
+colour mohair; tip of gold; woodcock or wren hackle for legs; grey
+partridge tail for wrings; and two fibres of the same for tail; No. 10
+hook. They are good where the river is low, and are excellent till the
+end of August, used with the little brown fly, and ash fox.
+
+There are also three little flies which are very good in this month and
+the next, and although they are not very well known by name,
+nevertheless they will be found killing. First, the "Orange Wren," with
+orange mohair body, and wren tail hackle. Second, the "Golden Wren,"
+with golden yellow mohair body, and wren tail hackle for legs. Third,
+the "Green Wren," with green floss body, and wren tail for legs. The
+Brown Wren, and the little Peacock Wren, are also good. No. 13 hook. The
+latter little fly is called the "Shiner."
+
+No. 28. THE YELLOW DUN.--The body is made of light buff-coloured fur,
+white sable far dyed yellow, and a honey dun cock's hackle for legs; two
+fibres of the same feather for tail; the wings are made of starling wing
+feather. No. 12 hook. This pretty little fly is a great favourite with
+the trout in the evenings of sultry days, till the end of August and
+September.
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR AUGUST.
+
+
+No. 29. THE RED DUN.--The body is made of red orange hair, over which
+roll a small dun hackle; the wings are a dun grey, and are made of
+starling wing feather, mixed with a little mallard. No. 10 hook. It may
+be varied thus: Red legs and dun body; orange floss body, over which
+roll a black hackle, and starling wing. The size of hook to vary from
+No. 10 to No. 7.
+
+This is an excellent fly in rapid streams where there are large trout;
+it is so attractive that they cannot refuse it when it moves over them.
+Trout that lie or haunt strong streams, are called, in Ireland,
+"Hunters." The cause is, no doubt, through their being thin and long in
+the body, and are possessed with enormous mouths to take in their prey.
+They take small trout freely.
+
+No. 30. THE ANT FLY.--The body is made of brown floss silk, and a small
+fibred peacock harl at tail; a brown red hackle for legs, and wings of
+starling feather. No. 10 hook.
+
+There is a black ant the same size as the above, and a red and black one
+much larger; the black one is made of black floss for the body, small
+black hackle for legs, and a blackbird's wing for the wings of the fly.
+The small ones kill on fine days, and the larger ones when there is a
+strong wind, which blows them on the water, and causes a ripple.
+
+No. 31. THE CAPERER.--The body is made of brown mohair, or floss silk of
+a copper colour, and tipped with gold at the tail; a brown red cock's
+hackle at the shoulder for legs, and winged with the woodcock wing
+feather. No. 8 hook. This fly may be seen on fine sultry days whirling
+up and down over the water, and occasionally dipping on the surface; the
+trout take them very freely. This fly will be found on the water till
+the end of September, with the paler dun, yellow dun, blue dun, and
+willow fly. The greyling also like these little flies.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of Larvas and Green Drakes.]
+
+THE WINGED LARVA.--The body is made of brown mohair; the larva is
+attached to this body at the shoulder, and tailed with two fibres of
+golden pheasant neck feather, a woodcock hackle round the shoulder, and
+winged with hen pheasant tail, mixed with a little woodcock or partridge
+tail feather, and a bronze peacock head. No. 8 hook. It will be found a
+good fly on dark windy days in this month and the next, and during the
+prevalence of winds from the east; it will do best where a strong rapid
+stream runs into a deep pool.
+
+A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE WINGED LARVA:--The body is made of bright golden
+yellow mohair, which looks very transparent; a woodcock wing, and a
+hackle off the same bird, with two fibres of golden pheasant neck
+feather for tail. No. 8 hook.
+
+THE WILLOW FLIES.--The body of the first is made of blue squirrel's fur,
+mixed with a little yellow mohair; a blue dun cock's hackle round the
+shoulder, and a tomtit wing. No. 8 hook. The second fly is made of
+orange silk body, ribbed with fine black silk; a very dark furnace
+hackle round the head, and blackbird's wing. No. 10 hook. The third fly
+is made of the wings or blue feather of the sea-swallow, for the wing of
+the fly, and the lightest blue fur that can be got for body (the fine
+blue of the fox's neck, next to the skin; the fur of a very young
+water-rat, or the lightest blue fur of the squirrel); a light dun cock's
+hackle, and a tail of the same. No. 10 hook. These little flies will
+kill till the end of October, and are excellent fur greyling. There are
+hundreds of other flies that make their appearance on the water through
+the summer months, which come under the angler's notice when in pursuit
+of his pastime, that may be imitated to advantage, the varieties of
+which must fill the mind with admiration.
+
+
+
+
+FISHING RODS AND FLY FISHING.
+
+
+For a trout rod, to have a good balance from the butt to the extreme
+top, it is essentially necessary that the wood should be well-seasoned,
+straight in the grain, and free from knots and imperfections. It should
+consist of three or four joints, according to fancy. There is not the
+least occasion for a rod to be glued up in pieces first, and then cut
+into lengths and fitted with ferrules, for then you have the unnecessary
+trouble of lapping the splices, but it is best to clean each piece
+separately, and measure the exact taper each piece should be to one
+another with the ferrules to fit in the same proportion, the least thing
+wider at the lower end than at the top; the ends to be bored for the
+tongues to fit into tightly to prevent shaking, that when they are
+double brazed they may fit air-tight.
+
+The ends must be bored previous to planing down the substance of the
+pieces, and tied round with waxed thread to prevent them from opening or
+cracking, so that these pieces may be pushed into each end of the
+boring whilst the rod is planed up to its proper substance or size,
+except the tops, which should be well glued-up pieces of bamboo cane,
+and filed down to their proper sizes to suit the other parts of the rod;
+this may be also done by fastening the tongue of the top in the bored
+joint next in size. The butt should be made of ash, the middle piece of
+hickory, and the top of bamboo, which is the lightest and toughest of
+all woods that can be brought to so fine a consistency. The length of
+the rod for single-hand fly fishing should be from twelve to thirteen
+feet long--a length which may be used with great facility without tiring
+the arm. The butt should be easy in the grasp and not a great deal of
+timber in it; the next piece to be nearly as stout as the butt above the
+ferrule for a foot and a half, this prevents its being weak at that
+particular part, which otherwise would cause the rod to be limber in the
+middle; the next or fourth piece to be stiffer and lighter in the wood
+to keep up the top; the whole rod to stand nearly straight up when held
+in the hand, and to have a smart spring above, which assists materially
+in getting out the line when throwing. The splices of the tops should
+be tightly bound over with the finest silk, well waxed, and over all
+three or four coats of good varnish that is not liable to crack. You
+cannot bind the splices tight enough with coarse three-cord silk, the
+top being so small it cannot be drawn together near so well as with fine
+silk, and when the varnish rubs off it opens and admits the water, which
+loosens the glued splice inside. The fine waxed silk is to be preferred
+by all means, as it lies closer on the wood, becomes harder, and makes
+the splice stiffer to work with the other parts.
+
+When the whole is ringed, ferruled, and fitted for the reel complete, it
+should not (a twelve foot) exceed one pound; it will afford great
+comfort to the fly fisher in his innocent pursuit, and will not fatigue
+him during a long summer day. The reel should be light, in proportion to
+the rod, and to contain thirty yards of silk and hair line made fine and
+taper, and when the rod is grasped in the hand a little way above the
+reel, the balance should be the same above the hand as below it, so that
+it may be used with the greatest ease.
+
+The beautiful rent and glued-up bamboo-cane fly rods, which I turn out
+to the greatest perfection, are very valuable, as they are both light
+and powerful, and throw the line with great facility. The cane for these
+rods must be of the very best description, or they will not last any
+time. They will last for years if properly made, and of course the
+fisher must take care of them; they are best when made into pocket rods,
+in eight joints, with all the knots cut out, and the good pieces between
+each knot rent and glued up; these may be had in my shop of as good a
+balance as a three-joint rod, most superbly made of the lightest
+brazings. They make capital perch and roach rods with a bait top added
+to the extra fly top, with bored butt to hold all. These rods can be
+made to suit a lady's hand for either boat or fly fishing.
+
+The salmon rod should be made in four pieces or joints. The butt of the
+best long grained solid ash, the wood of which is not so heavy as
+hickory, and is not liable to break at the ferrule, that is, if the
+ferrule is put on "flush," without letting it into the wood by scoring
+it; the piece above the butt, and the joint next the top, should be of
+the very best well-seasoned hickory, without crack or flaw; the tops to
+be made of the best yellow bamboo cane, either rent and glued up in
+three pieces, or spliced in short lengths with the knots cut away; the
+first joint to be nearly as stout as the substance of the wood above the
+ferrule as the end of the butt for a foot and a half, to prevent the rod
+being limber in the middle; the next joint that holds the top should be
+very smart, and come up at a touch when bent with the hand, and the
+extreme lightness of the cane top prevents all appearance of its being
+top-heavy, which cannot be prevented with lance-wood, unless it is made
+very fine indeed, and then it becomes useless. The length of the rod
+should not exceed seventeen or eighteen feet long, and for light rivers,
+sixteen feet is quite long enough; if the angler fly fishes for salmon
+from a boat, fourteen feet will be sufficient, made, of course, very
+powerful throughout, as in some large rivers a salmon will take the fly
+close to the boat in strong and deep streams. The rings should be pretty
+large, to admit of the line running freely, and the joints double
+brazed, which prevents the bare wood of the tongues twisting off when
+the rod is taken to pieces after a day's fishing, particularly when they
+get wet. The reel fittings should be about a foot and a half, or say
+twenty inches from the extreme end, that there may be room for the left
+hand to grasp it easily below the reel, which prevents the rod hanging
+heavy on the arms, and will balance it much better than having the reel
+too near the end of the butt. When the salmon rod is bent after playing
+a fish, it can be easily straightened by turning it when the next fish
+is hooked, and allow the line to run through the rings on the top of the
+rod; by holding it in that position, you can see how you are winding up
+the line on the reel, and regulate it according as the fish runs towards
+you, for if the reel is held underneath when the fish is on, if he runs
+towards you, it cannot be seen whether the line runs on in a lump or
+not, which, if it does, often causes it to stop, and may occasion the
+loss of your fish.
+
+The most essential and nicest point of all is in casting the line and
+trout flies neatly on the water, which, when properly accomplished in a
+masterly way, will be the greatest means towards the success of the fly
+fisher in hooking and catching his fish. In the first place, the fisher
+should keep as far off the water as possible when throwing next his own
+side, and make it a rule, whenever he can, to angle on the bank from
+which the wind blows, as it will enable him to throw the flies across to
+the opposite bank, and play them gently down the stream in a slanting
+direction towards him, moving backwards as they approach his side,
+drawing them up along the bank if the stream is any ways deep, as a
+trout of good size is often lying in such a place when undisturbed, as
+you fish cautiously down.
+
+The line should not be let off the reel too fast when you begin to
+throw, that the stream may be carefully covered near you, and as you
+move along let it off so as to cover the whole of the water. Hold the
+rod firmly above the reel in the right hand, and take hold of the end of
+the casting line in the left, give it a motion towards your left
+shoulder, and over the head with a circle to the full length of the
+flies behind you, and with a spring of the rod and motion of the arm
+bring them right before you on to the stream, as straightly and lightly
+as possible, and by this method you will prevent them whipping off
+behind in a very short time; allow the line always to stretch to its
+full length behind, and keep them on the move, with the backward sweep
+of the rod round the head propel them forward to the place you desire
+they should fall, and I do not doubt that you will make neither splash
+nor ripple on the surface. And when a fish makes a rise, move the rod
+upwards with a gentle pull, which is better than striking hard, as the
+small hook is easily driven, and there is no occasion to break the hold
+or line. Never hold too hard on a large fish, but let him run if he
+will, a small one may be landed immediately. By no means attempt to go
+"an angling" without a landing net, as there may be danger in losing
+your fish, after having the trouble or sport of playing him a long time,
+and the bank high on your side. I have been always in the habit of
+fishing down the stream, throwing my flies slantingly to the opposite
+bank, and letting them fall gradually with the current, and walking
+slowly along lifting and throwing them at my leisure--it is all fancy
+whether up or down you go, so as it is well done--what you have
+habituated yourself to in fly fishing in general, that do. Keep your
+shadow as much as possible off the water, and when you land your fish
+let his head drop into the net first, and his whole weight will follow,
+lift him clean up on the bank with a pull of the net towards you, as
+this prevents him dropping out.
+
+
+
+
+FLY-FISHING FOR SALMON.
+
+
+When you begin fly-fishing for Salmon, you must be careful not to let
+out too much of the reel line first, but when you become accustomed to
+it, and are master of throwing a short one, let it out gradually till
+you are enabled to cover the pool over which you cast with ease.
+
+If you practice throwing over a smooth wide part of the river, you will
+see how your line falls on the water, whether thrown in a lump, or light
+and straight without a splash; but at one time you may cast the line
+right out over the stream at its full length, and on giving another cast
+you may allow the line to fall on the water in the middle of it first,
+and the fly to fall last, which is not so good, but in either way the
+fish will rise and take it; by the last cast you may get the line
+farther off, and the fly alighting near the opposite bank, it is very
+apt to be taken by a fish lying close under it; and when throwing, keep
+the point of the rod up out of the water, and do not let it strike it;
+throw across in a rather slanting direction, allowing the fly to sweep
+down without a curve in the middle of the line, and at the same time
+move the rod playfully to give the fly a life-like appearance; drawing
+it in towards your side of the bank, moving it up and down gradually
+with the current, and when a fish takes the fly raise your hand, and
+fasten the hook without a jerk, holding up your rod at the same time
+with what is termed a "sweet fast," that it may not get slack at any
+time till you have killed him; when you poise the rod in your hands for
+a throw, the whole knack is in keeping the left hand steady, and with a
+turn of the right hand cause the line to make a circle round the left
+shoulder and over the head, propel it forward with the spring of the
+rod, keeping the fly going all the time till it falls on the water
+before you as straight as possible; when you lift the fly out of the
+water to throw again, you require to make use of the strength of the
+right arm, giving it the proper turn round with the wrist, making a
+sweep of the extent of the line behind you, and with the spring and
+power of the rod direct the fly on that part of the stream where you
+desire it should fall; letting the line out occasionally off the reel
+with your hand, which gives the fly a very natural motion on the water,
+moving it gradually down towards your side, when you lift the line out
+and make another throw as before a little lower down, and so on until
+you cover the whole stream.
+
+You may change to the left hand when you are tired with the right, or
+according to the side you are fishing from, to facilitate and ease your
+exertion as much as possible when throwing a long line. When I have
+happened to be in a barn at a farm house on the river side, I have often
+thought when taking up the flail to thrash awhile, whilst the man was
+resting himself, that the exertion was remarkably like throwing the fly
+with the Salmon rod, the whole method appears to be in the turn of the
+wrist and arm, for when the flail is raised up and wound over the left
+shoulder, with a certain impulse known to one's self you propel it
+forward over the head, striking the sheaf on the ground with full force
+on any part you like, where you think there are any ears in it.
+
+Many may not be acquainted with flail thrashing, but were they to
+understand the knack, it is easily done; so, also, is the using of the
+salmon rod, with a little practice, and observing a good thrower if you
+happen to meet one on the river, or an old fisherman you employ.
+
+Keep yourself steady on your feet, and your body well up when casting,
+as it gives more power to the muscles, and when a salmon is fairly
+hooked it will prevent your being nervous or striking too quick, but as
+I said before, rise your hand and keep the line taut; as the fish will
+often rise several times out of the water in succession when first
+pricked with the hook, on finding himself detained; when he runs keep
+the rod nearly perpendicular, as the spring of it will soon tire him
+out; if he is a good way off and makes a rush towards you, wind up your
+line quickly, keeping it taut at the same time, and moving backwards
+till he is near your own shore: if he rolls over in the water apply the
+gaff and lift him out, but if he is not regularly beat he will rush off
+again on seeing the gaff with great strength, give in he must at last
+by the gentle strain of the rod that is always upon him. He often gets
+sulky, and lies down on the bottom of the river, when it will be found
+difficult to start him again: a clearing ring let down the line on his
+nose will cause him to run, and when he does so, it is best to bear
+stronger upon him, as in so doing you have the best chance of quickly
+tiring and capturing him. I think it the best plan to lay the gaff under
+him, and gaff him in the gills, which prevents tearing or making a hole
+in the fish.
+
+The Salmon reel should be made of the lightest and hardest material, not
+too much contracted, but a good width, that the line may be wound up
+evenly without incumbrance; a plain upright handle is much the safest
+when playing a fish, as the portable ones are apt to crack or snap off
+if they meet the least obstruction in the running out of the line; and
+the portable handle stands too far out, which catches the line almost
+every time it is drawn off or a cast given. Small reels may be made with
+portable handles, without any fear of their breaking, as the fish are
+small and can be managed easily.
+
+The salmon line should be of silk and hair eight-plait or four-plait,
+eighty or a hundred yards long, and for small rivers, sixty yards for a
+sixteen feet rod. The casting line for clear waters should be half
+treble and half single gut, to suit grilse or small salmon flies in
+summer; and in the spring of the year when large flies are in use, good
+strong-twisted gut, three yards long, is what is necessary for a heavy
+reel line, particularly in large rivers, as the Shannon and the Bann in
+Ireland, and the Tweed in Scotland.
+
+There are not three better Salmon Rivers in the world than the above,
+were the salmon allowed access into them during the summer months for
+the amusement of those great angling gentlemen who would visit them
+during that period, or even if there were but a few let up past the
+"cruives" or "cuts," that there might be a sprinkling for them to throw
+flies over. It would not matter to them what nets the fishermen along
+the shores of the estuaries used, as they only affect the "Cruives," or
+"Fixed Traps" built across the rivers, as of course less fish run into
+them, and there would be abundance of salmon and grilse go up the
+centre or deep part of the river, which the fishermen could not possibly
+reach.
+
+These "Traps" are kept down all the summer, from the early spring till
+the end of August, at which period they are what is termed "lifted," and
+up run the spawning fish; and the great fly fishers now lay by their
+rods and tackle for that season, as fly fishing is prohibited when the
+salmon are spawning in the rivers. There is certainly a respite in the
+Tweed, when the nets are taken off at the end of the season for the
+accommodation of the fly fisher; and were it so in the Shannon and the
+Bann, there would be very great satisfaction in having a month or six
+weeks' fishing in these splendid rivers. They are certainly free
+throughout the summer to the fly fisher, but he might labour a whole day
+with his rod and fly without getting a rise, except by chance.
+
+There will never be any good done until the "cruives" or "cuts" are
+removed off the rivers, unless the head landlord would make an agreement
+with the renter of the "cruive," and enforce it as a law,--to lift the
+"cruive" two days in the week, that there might be fish in the rivers
+for the accommodation of the great body of gentlemen anglers who make
+it their business to travel to these rivers to find amusement in Fly
+Fishing, at very great expense; although I do not know if even this
+would do,--it would be best by all means to remove them; and,
+independent of fair netting for the general supply at the mouths and
+estuaries, a Society of Anglers could rent the entire river, were the
+owner to meet them on liberal terms which no doubt he would, and this
+would prevent the destruction by degrees of the best breeding-fish in
+the river.
+
+
+
+
+AN ACCOUNT OF THE SALMON, AND ITS VARIETIES.
+
+
+I desire merely to give some account of this beautiful fish for the
+information of my readers, the knowledge of which has come under my own
+notice, in the rivers of Ireland in particular, amongst the fishermen at
+their mouths, at the "cruives" or "cuts," and throughout my rambles
+along their banks.
+
+This excellent salmon is a very handsome fish, the head is small, the
+body rather long and covered with bright scales, the back is of a bluish
+shade, the other parts white, and marked with irregular dark brown spots
+on the head, the covers of the gills, down each side from the lateral
+lines to near the edge of the back, very few are to be seen below the
+lines which run from head to tail; the tail is forked.
+
+He takes great delight in pursuing small fish and fry, and in playing
+and jumping on the top of the water, at insects no doubt, and for his
+own sport.
+
+It has been often said that there was never any thing found in the
+salmon's stomach such as edibles, but it has been recently discovered
+that they prey upon herrings, sprats, fry, and other dainties in their
+native element; and as these fish are very nutritious and fat in
+themselves, no doubt the nourishing channel in them receives the
+substance of the food very quickly, as it appears to be digested so
+rapidly in their stomachs. He leaves the sea for the fresh water rivers
+about January and February, and continues to run up till September and
+October, their spawning time, and some spawn after this time; they are
+often big with roe in December and January, in the end of August or the
+beginning of September; when they are in roe regularly, they cannot be
+in proper season; they get soft, their beautiful color and spots vanish,
+and they do not appear like the same fish. They travel up rivers as far
+as they can possibly get, into lakes and their feeders, and tributaries
+of large rivers, where they take delight in the broad gravelly fords,
+and strong deep running currents, which they like to be as clear as
+crystal, to effect which they will leap over weirs, waterfalls, "cuts,"
+"cruives," and "traps," when there is a flood rushing over them, to the
+great delight of the fly fisher, who loves to see them run and escape
+these obstructions.
+
+The male fish is supplied by nature with a hard gristly beak on the end
+of the under jaw, which fits into a socket in the upper jaw to a nicety;
+with this the Salmon go to work with their heads up stream, rising their
+tails sometimes nearly perpendicular, and root up the sand and gravel in
+heaps, leaving a hollow between, wherein the female deposits the eggs;
+the male fish still performing his part, chasing away the large trout
+that are ready to root it up (the spawn), he covers it over
+substantially against the forthcoming winter's floods and storms. By
+this time he becomes wearied, spent, and sickly, and then turns himself
+round and makes head for the sea, where, if once happily arrived, he
+soon makes up for the debility in his blue, his fresh, and ever free
+element. The refreshing and purging nature of the salt water soon makes
+him once more strong and healthy, he may be seen leaping and playing in
+the sea near the river's mouth on his recovery. I have been told by
+fishermen that they proceed in shoals to the ice fields in the North
+Seas, and return to the rivers and estuaries in the spring and summer
+as they departed, in large shoals; they discover themselves in the bays
+by jumping out of the water as they near the river.
+
+The Salmon haunts the deepest, strongest, and most rapid rivers, and is
+rarely to be seen in those wherein there is much traffic, or that are
+sullen or muddy. They prefer the upper parts of rough streams that run
+into large pools, and the tails of these pools, behind large stones, in
+the middle and at sides of waterfalls in the eddies, these are the parts
+to throw for them, but the fisherman on the water will show the angler
+all the best places. The best months to angle for them are from March
+till the middle of August, after September they are out of season. They
+will take the fly best from six or seven o'clock in the morning till
+nine, and from three in the afternoon till dark, with a good wind
+blowing up stream. I have hooked them on the very top of a precipice,
+after surmounting the leap, where they lie to rest in the first deep
+pool they come to; they generally run down over the rocks or falls of
+water to the pool beneath, when they often get killed by the rapid
+descent.
+
+
+
+
+THE SALMON FRY.
+
+
+These beautiful little fish, the production of the spawn of the salmon,
+make their appearance in March and April, and if a flood happens to rise
+or swell the rivers about the end of the latter month, they are taken
+down in great numbers, till at last they enter the brackish water, where
+they grow in a short time as large as white trout. The salt water adds
+much to their growth. In the following spring and summer they run up the
+rivers in great quantities if they are allowed, and return to the sea
+again before winter. On their second return up the rivers they will be
+grown very large, and are then called "Grilse," or "Peals," &c.
+
+There is a SALMON TROUT of the same species, which is rounder in
+proportion to the Salmon, of a reddish hue when in season; it has small
+fine scales, beautifully intermixed with rich red and black spots on
+both sides of the lateral lines, from head to tail, and its handsome
+head is spotted over, as also the covers of the gills; the tail is
+shorter, and not so much forked as the salmon, and the fins are very
+strong. The flesh is most delicious, and some prefer it to salmon. They
+may be seen in the Fishmongers' shops from May till the end of August.
+
+Another species is the Sewen of Wales, the White Trout of Ireland and
+England, and the Whiting of Scotland; they are very bright in colour,
+and run about the size of Mackerel; they haunt the roughest, strong
+streams, and gravelly bottoms. When they are hooked on the fly they will
+spring repeatedly out of the water, and afford pleasant sport for the
+angler. They take small gaudy flies like the Salmon Trout, and when the
+water is low, dun flies, black hackle flies with silver ribs, and grouse
+hackles of a light brown colour and yellow bodies. The hooks about Nos.
+6 and 8.
+
+Another species is the Bull-Trout, which has a short thick head, and a
+brownish body, covered with spots of a brown colour, and are found in
+all rivers having communication with the sea, and their tributaries, if
+there are no obstructions to prevent their running up. They are found
+running up the rivers in June and July, and in these months and August,
+are in good season. They are rather a dry fish.
+
+The PAR or LAST-SPRING are most plentiful in salmon rivers from May till
+the end of August, and are very much like the salmon fry, only for the
+dark bars across them, and towards the end of the season they are
+variously marked. There is no little fish so plump and lively when taken
+with the fly, except the Salmon Fry. As the Sea-Trout are known to grow
+to the weight of sixteen and twenty pounds in large rivers, such as the
+Tweed, the Shannon, and the Bann, the Par may be the fry of these fish,
+which run up the rivers in the spring and summer. These Sea-Trout differ
+much in shape and colour to the real Salmon, and are what are termed
+Salmon in the London markets.--This I heard from a fisherman at the
+mouth of the Tweed, who pointed out a large creel full to me, just taken
+in the nets, and amongst the whole there was but one Salmon. The
+Sea-Trout may be known by being paler, and covered with more spots, and
+by being longer and thinner in the body; the head is also much longer.
+
+There is a rich golden hue over the Salmon when you get a side look of
+it; the body is plump and boar-backed, the head is very small, and
+there are few spots, except above the lateral lines.
+
+I have seen the Par so numerous in the River Dovey, in Wales, that a man
+(a guide), took my salmon rod, and a cast of four small flies, the sun
+shining, and in two hours he killed nine pounds weight of these fish,
+about a finger in length or less. It perfectly surprised me; but it
+seems that this was but a small quantity in comparison to what the
+fishers were in the habit of taking out in a day. It appeared so, as the
+inn-keeper's wife potted them in large jars. These rivers abound with
+Sewen, Sea-Trout, and White Trout; the first-named fish is the White
+Trout of Wales, which corresponds with the Irish fish of that name, and
+called in Wales, Sewen. The Par may be the fry of these fish, which are
+of the Salmon species, and ought to be protected by law.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of Gaudy Flies, Nos. 1, 2, 3]
+
+
+
+
+A DESCRIPTION OF THE FIFTEEN SALMON FLIES ENGRAVED IN THE PLATES.
+
+
+These fifteen Salmon Flies may be considered by my readers as specimens
+of real perfection, and the "dons" of the present time amongst the great
+Salmon fishers. There is such a combination of colours in them
+throughout, that they will be found most killing in the rivers of
+Scotland and Ireland, if made on hooks of sizes to suit each, and their
+proper seasons.
+
+I have taken the greatest pains imaginable to make them in proportion,
+and of the most choice materials, which will greatly amuse the amateur
+in his leisure hours to imitate them, and if he goes by the models, and
+their descriptions, he will find them, when completed, what may be
+termed by a Salmon fisher, magnificent. Their life-like and alluring
+appearance, when humoured attractively with the rod and line, will cause
+them to be very deceptive to the Salmon, and they will rise out of the
+water at them with such greediness (the fun of it is) as to mistake
+them for living insects. I have seen them swim after the fly for some
+distance, as quietly as possible, before making a rush at it, then seize
+it, show their back fin, and then the points of their tail--the break of
+the water they have made closes--you "rise your hand," and the hook is
+"anchored."
+
+No. 1. I shall name this THE SPIRIT FLY, in consequence of its
+numerously-jointed body, its fanciful, florid, and delicate appearance.
+Its colours will be found most enticing to the fish, and is a sister fly
+to Ondine, in the "Book of the Salmon," by "Ephemera."
+
+The wings are made of six toppings, with a broad strip of wood duck on
+each side, a red Hymalaya crest feather at top, a cock of the rock
+feather, blue kingfisher feather at each side, a black head, and feelers
+of macaw. The body is made of joints of black, orange floss, and a tip
+of gold tinsel at the tail, tail two small toppings, a tag of puce silk
+and ostrich, (it must be tied with very fine silk that the body may not
+be lumpy, but to show gradually taper from the tail to the head, and the
+hackle to be stripped at one side to roll even), and at each joint a
+scarlet hackle, with a tip of gold tinsel under each joint, to make it
+lively looking. There is a purple hackle, or very dark blue, struck
+round the shoulder. The size of the hook is No. 6 or 7. Salmon, B or BB.
+
+No. 2. The wings are composed of golden pheasant tail feather, mixed
+with the following: strips of bustard, scarlet macaw, wood-duck,
+mallard, yellow macaw body feather, silver pheasant, and a topping over
+all, extending a little longer than the other feathers; blue and yellow
+macaw feelers. The wing, as above, should be laid out on a piece of
+paper, ready to tie on after the body and legs are formed, the jay
+rolled over the head in this fly, and the head tied on last, of black
+ostrich. The tail is a topping, mixed with a strip of wood-duck feather,
+tipped with silver twist, a tag of gold-colour floss, and black ostrich;
+the body puce floss to the centre, and the remainder orange pig hair or
+mohair, ribbed with broad silver tinsel, and a guinea-hen rump feather
+rolled over the orange beneath the jay hackle. This is about as fine a
+specimen of a Salmon fly as ever was thrown into the water, and will
+kill Salmon and Grilse, made small, in every Salmon river in Great
+Britain. The hook No. 6 or 9, Limerick.
+
+The best Irish hooks are numbered from No. 1, largest Salmon size, to
+No. 10, Sea-Trout size.
+
+No. 3. This is another of the Spirit Flies that kill so well in the
+rivers of Ireland and Scotland, at high water, particularly the Spey and
+Tweed. The wings are made of the following mixtures of feathers, each
+side of the wings to be alike: Brown mallard, bustard and wood-duck; a
+topping, scarlet macaw, teal, golden pheasant neck feather, a strip of
+yellow macaw, and feelers of blue and yellow tail; a head of black
+ostrich; the tail to be a topping, mixed with green and red parrot tail;
+the body is composed of joints, first a tip of silver, a tag of morone
+floss, a tag of black, a joint of brown, green and brown-red hackle,
+puce and red, green and yellow, blue and orange, with a tip of gold
+tinsel at each joint, a very small red hackle, and two red toucan
+feathers round the shoulder, and blue kingfisher's feather on each side
+of the wings. The hook No. 6, and No. 10 for Grilse.
+
+No. 4. A celebrated Claret Fly, of very killing qualities both in
+Scotland and Ireland, and in the Thames as a trout fly. The wings are
+composed of two wood-duck feathers wanting the white tips, and two
+strips of the same kind of feather with white tips; the head is made of
+peacock harl; the tail is two or three strips of hen pheasant tail, with
+a short tuft of red orange macaw body feather or parrot, tipped with
+silver, and gold ribbing over the body, which is formed of claret pig
+hair, over which roll two richly dyed claret hackles, struck in fine
+proportion from the tail up. The hook No. 6 or 10. It is a capital fly
+in lakes for large trout, as a breeze or gentle gale only causes a
+ripple, and a strong wind does not do so well in lakes with the fly, as
+it makes waves, although good for a large size minnow.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of three Salmon-flies, Nos. 4, 5, 6]
+
+No. 5. A brown fly, a general favorite among the "old ones," on every
+salmon river in Ireland and Scotland, particularly the latter, and in
+rivers a good way up from the sea, on a dark day, with a good breeze
+blowing up the stream. The following fly, No. 6, may be used in a
+similar manner. The wings are made of the golden pheasant tail that has
+the long clouded bar in the feather, rather full, and two rather
+broad strips of light brown white-tipped turkey tail feather at each
+side; a good size peacock harl head, and feelers of scarlet macaw
+feather; tipped at the tail with gold tinsel--the tail a small bright
+topping, and a tag of gold-colour floss silk; the body is made of
+cinnamon, or yellow-brown pig hair or mohair, ribbed with double silver
+twist; over the body roll a real brown red cock's hackle, and round the
+throttle roll on a bright red-brown small-spotted grouse hackle, or a
+brown mottled feather of the hen Argus pheasant's neck or back. BB hook,
+or a No. 8.
+
+No. 6. A Silver Grey Fly, a great favorite on the lakes of Killarney for
+Salmon and Grilse, and at Waterville, in the County of Kerry, for Sea
+and White Trout, made small on a No. 10 hook, about the size of a No. 6
+Trout hook of English make. The wings are made of golden pheasant tail
+feather, mixed with mallard, red macaw, blue and yellow body feathers of
+the macaw, guinea hen, and golden pheasant neck feathers, with feelers
+of blue and yellow macaw, a black head; tipped at the tail with silver
+and orange floss tag, the tail a topping mixed with red and blue macaw
+feather, (those blues that are found under the wings of that bird which
+are of a very light hue) and guinea hen: the body is made of the silver
+dun monkey if it can be got, light dun fox or squirrel fur, or dyed blue
+dun mohair mixed with yellow,--all these are good for a body, ribbed
+with broad silver tinsel, and a hackle of a real dun cock that has a
+yellowish motley shade throughout it, rolled up to the head, and round
+the shoulder a bright orange dyed hackle, underneath which tie in a
+little orange mohair. It may be varied with a claret hackle at the head,
+or a fiery brown one. No. 9 hook. A small grilse or sea-trout hook, for
+small rivers in either Scotland or Ireland, and also in the rivers of
+Wales, where it is a native dun colour among the anglers. It will be
+found a "don" to rise them.
+
+No. 7. A large dun palmer with a double hook, which, will be observed,
+is of a tortuous shape in the body, as it appears in the plate. The
+shape may be obtained by tying the hooks back to back, the top one to be
+tied about quarter way down the shank of the end one, and the gut tied
+tightly on each, (twisted gut of course when you form a loop).
+
+[Illustration: Plate of four Flies, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10]
+
+It will be found a "killer" in large pools surrounded with trees in
+stormy weather, and in rapid streams running into or near the sea, where
+they take it most likely for a shrimp, as it corresponds in color. The
+legs are composed of about six hackles of a real blue dun old
+cock-saddle feather, having a motley yellowish hue, and peacock harl
+head, rather full; the body is made of orange pig hair and yellow mohair
+mixed, the former drawn out amongst the fibres of the hackles, which
+must be struck on two at a time, commencing at the tail, till it is all
+built up to the head, where there may be three hackles to make it
+fuller,--it would be as well to have a small swivel at the head, that it
+might spin gently round when moved in the water. No. 9 hook, or small
+grilse size for large trout. It may be varied with gold, old dun cock's
+hackles, and red body.
+
+No. 8 is a beautiful specimen of a gaudy fly. The wings, which are
+finely mixed of rich feathers, are made of the following sorts:--orange,
+yellow, and blue macaw body feathers, three strips of each; teal,
+bustard, and golden pheasant neck feathers broken in strips; silver
+pheasant tail, light brown golden pheasant tail feather, and a topping
+over all a little longer; a peacock harl head, and blue and yellow
+feelers. The body is formed in three joints, a tip of gold twist at the
+tail, a tag of peacock harl, and a bright small topping for tail; first,
+a joint of yellow floss, a joint of peacock, and two feathers of the
+red-tipped feather of the crest of the cock of the rock tied short above
+the harl and ribbed with gold; the next is a blue floss silk joint
+ribbed with gold, a peacock harl rolled on close, and two feathers of
+the crest of the cock of the rock tied close above it; and the third is
+an orange floss silk joint, a peacock harl tag, and ribbed with gold,
+two of the red-tipped feathers tied on close as above, and a blue jay
+round the shoulder. No. 8 hook on B. This is a famous grilse fly.
+
+No. 9 is another great beauty, and a capital grilse or small salmon fly
+for any river under the sun. The wings are made of two jungle-cock
+feathers, and two shorter feathers of the golden pheasant neck, the
+white ends of the jungle-cock to show well beyond the golden pheasant
+neck, two broad strips of wood-duck, one at each side, and a topping or
+two extending longer than the other feathers for feelers, a black
+ostrich head; a tip of gold at the tail, a tag of yellow-green silk, a
+tag of black ostrich, and a bright topping for tail, above the ostrich a
+blue tag, and the body made of claret floss silk, ribbed with gold
+tinsel, and claret dyed hackle struck over the body, with a blue jay
+feather at the shoulder. The hook B or BB.
+
+No. 10. This is a famous high water fly for all salmon rivers,
+particularly in Scotland, and is not unlike the once celebrated "Parson
+Fly," the favourite killer in all rivers of the Reverend St. John's;
+there is no salmon can resist its attractions in rapid pools in rivers
+near the sea. The preceding fly, No. 9, will be found to kill better a
+few miles higher up from the sea, as all plain flies do. If the No. 9 is
+winged with brown mallard or brown turkey tail feather, it will be found
+just the thing.
+
+The wings are made of two golden pheasant neck feathers, with a broad
+strip of peacock wing feather on each side, and a strip of scarlet macaw
+tail feather, the latter to be a little longer than the other feathers,
+a black ostrich head with a full brilliant blue jay feather round the
+shoulder. The body is made thus:--a tip of silver twist, a yellow floss
+silk tag, two small toppings for tail, the body is of golden yellow pig
+hair or mohair, ribbed with silver twist, with two golden yellow dyed
+hackles with a black streak up the centre, rolled from the tail to the
+head. No. 9 hook, B, or BB.
+
+No. 11 is a fly that will kill grilse or salmon in the light running
+rivers of the North of Scotland, and in all rivers where the salmon and
+its varieties haunt, and is made of different sizes. The wings are made
+of a few fibres of each of the following feathers: black and white small
+spotted bustard rump feather, teal, wood-duck, silver hen pheasant tail,
+and the silver cock pheasant tail black and white spotted feathers, the
+neck feather of the golden pheasant, and the red spear feather of the
+same bird, and at each side two small feathers of the black and white
+jungle cock, a black head, and topping. The body is made half yellow and
+half purple pig hair or mohair, the latter colour next the head, over
+which roll close up two black heron feathers off the crest; a tip of
+gold, and a small topping for tail, and over the yellow or purple body
+roll double gold twist. No. 7 hook, or BB.
+
+The Sea-Trout Fly underneath No. 11 in the same plate, will be found a
+killer either for sea-trout or grilse, in the rivers in Scotland, and
+the South of Ireland. The wings are made of a dark brown grouse hackle
+that grows on the rump of the bird, just above the tail, mixed with a
+small quantity of light brown turkey tail, or kite tail, which is the
+salmon tail glede of the north, and two feelers of blue and yellow
+macaw; a black head; the body is made with a tip of silver twist at the
+tail, and a tag of black ostrich; the tail is a mixture of golden
+pheasant neck feather, and brown mallard, two or three fibres of each;
+the body is blue floss silk, rather light, with an old black cock's
+hackle rolled over it, ribbed with fine silver twist; round the shoulder
+roll a claret or scarlet hackle. The hook No. 10, or C, double CC, or B,
+for grilse. There may be three or four varieties of this fly made
+thus:--body blue, with blue jay, same wings, with a little neck feather
+of the golden pheasant; orange body, same coloured hackle, and same
+wings, blue jay at head; a dun body, with fiery brown hackle at the
+head; a claret body--a yellow body, and small grouse; blue body, and
+guinea hen; and a yellow body, with guinea hen; a black body, black
+hackle, and the same wings and tail; a black fly, with teal wings; a
+brown body, brown hackle, and "glede" wings, two fibres of the same for
+tail. All these are the choicest colours for sea-trout and grilse flies
+in every salmon river in the kingdom.
+
+[Illustration: Large Spring Salmon-fly]
+
+No. 12. Is a large SPRING FLY used generally in the Shannon, and the
+Tweed, when the rivers are very high and rapid. It will be found a
+magnificent specimen of a gaudy salmon fly, and is the proper size for
+March and April, when the fulness of the stream prevents the fish from
+seeing smaller ones. This fly will be seen to perfection in the Plate.
+With this, I will describe three or four others of the same size, of
+different colours, which came into my possession from Castle Connell, on
+the Banks of the Shannon.
+
+The wings of No. 12 are made of the small spotted brown Argus tail
+feather, golden pheasant tail, and the black and white peacock wing
+feather; scarlet and blue macaw, and in the centre an orange macaw
+feather whole, those that are tipped with blue and green--they are found
+on the shoulders of the red macaw and down the back; a tuft of broken
+neck feather of the golden pheasant at the head, and feelers of blue
+and yellow macaw; a black head; a tip of gold at the tail, a tag of
+blue, another of orange floss and black ostrich, a good sized topping in
+the tail, and at its root a tuft of red spear feather of the golden
+pheasant rump; there is about half an inch body at the tail end, made of
+yellow mohair, and yellow hackle over it, ribbed with gold, the
+remainder of the body is made of puce floss silk, with a dark
+wine-purple hackle struck over it, ribbed with silver twist and flat
+gold, and a yellow body feather of the macaw rolled round the shoulder.
+The hook, No. 2 or 3, large Salmon size.
+
+
+SPRING FLIES.
+
+The following fine large flies will be excellent killers in the Shannon,
+the Tweed, the Thurso, the Spey, and the Tay, in the spring season. The
+bodies to be made small, the wings large.
+
+No. 1. The body is made of sky blue floss silk, ribbed with broad silver
+tinsel, tip of silver, and orange tag; a dark blue hackle from the tail
+up; two toppings in the tail, a large yellow pig hair or mohair head
+(white seal fur dyed yellow does well), a blue jay round the shoulder;
+the wings are a large yellow and a large blue feather of the macaw,
+which grows on the back and under the wings of that bird, two orange
+macaw feathers an inch shorter on each side of them, two toppings, a
+mixture of argus, bustard, scarlet and blue macaw, good size strips of
+each. No. 1 hook, full salmon size.
+
+No. 2. The body is made of black floss silk, tipped with silver, tag of
+orange, ribbed with broad silver plate up the body, beside which a
+claret hackle, and the tail two toppings; the wings are made of a large
+red rump spear feather of the golden pheasant in the centre, four large
+toppings with a mixture of sprigging at each side of the following:
+Argus pheasant tail, bustard, blue and yellow macaw, blue jay at the
+shoulder, and a large size head of puce pig hair. Hook No. 1 or 2,
+Spring Salmon size.
+
+No. 3. The body is made of black floss silk, ribbed with silver, orange
+tag, tip of silver, tail a topping with a little red; the wings are made
+of the whole yellow feathers of the macaw which grow under the wings of
+the bird, two tipped feathers mixed with bustard, Argus, blue and
+scarlet macaw, and a blue head of pig hair or mohair. No. 1 or 2 hook.
+
+No. 4. The body is made of light puce floss silk, ribbed with silver
+plate and gold twist, a claret hackle over it, tipped with silver, a
+topping for tail, and orange tag; the wings are made of yellow macaw, a
+red spear feather, four toppings, a mixture of bustard golden pheasant
+tail, kingfisher's each side, and a large blue head of mohair. (It
+cannot be too large for the Shannon). No. 1 hook, large Salmon size.
+
+No. 5. The body is made of puce floss, ribbed with broad silver and gold
+twist, purple hackle over it, orange tag, tip of silver, and tail a
+topping; the wings are made of two body feathers of the yellow macaw,
+mixed with blue macaw tail and Argus, two large toppings, and a dark
+blue pig hair head. Salmon hook No. 2, spring size.
+
+No. 6. This is another excellent fly. The wings are like the last named
+fly; a black floss body, ribbed with silver, and yellow hackle over it;
+a large blue head, picked out to hang down like a hackle. No. 3 hook.
+This is a fly of "The Ogormans," of Ennis, in the County of Clare, see
+his Work on Angling. The two Salmon Flies in the plate, with "picker,"
+are described for Killarney.
+
+
+
+
+SALMON RIVERS.
+
+
+It will be most advantageous to my readers that I should give them some
+accurate accounts of the various Salmon Rivers, pointing out at the same
+time the best station on each where sport may be expected with the fly,
+and to know where to proceed before starting on their angling excursion,
+as the whole fun is in knowing the right places to prevent
+disappointment. There are numerous small size rivers, the local flies
+for which are of a plain and sombre hue, and which it will be necessary
+the fisher should be acquainted with--these I will give as I proceed.
+
+In summer, when the rivers are low, small plain flies are best, or
+rather so on dark days, with a good ripple, then they will entice them.
+They do not rise often when the sun is warm, except in rapid streams.
+Use small black bodied flies with silver and middling gaudy wings, mixed
+with teal or cock of the north feather--change it to a gaudy one if they
+do not take the black. Early in the mornings before the sun strikes the
+water, and from three o'clock till dark, or about sunset is a good time
+to move a large fish with a fly he likes. The two flies at the bottom of
+the plate with "picker," are most likely ones for that time in the day.
+The plain one is brown body, and wings of mallard. The bottom one is
+green body, and mixed wings of gaudy feathers; the body is a jointed
+one, of peacock green. I made it nearly twenty years ago,--it is a
+beautiful specimen of a gaudy fly for rapids after a flood.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER TWEED.
+
+
+I will begin with this large and beautiful salmon river, which runs
+rapidly along the borders of England and Scotland, taking a course from
+West to East. It flows majestically through a highly picturesque and
+cultivated country, washing many good towns on its way to the sea,
+where it discharges its valuable waters at Berwick.
+
+The town of Kelso is the best station, as there is good fishing above
+and below it. There is a magnificent spot for a month or more of salmon
+fishing at a place called "The Throughs," three miles above the
+town,--it is a real picture of a place to the eyes of the fisher. Higher
+up is St. Boswell's, and a little higher, Melrose--both charming places.
+There is good angling in the Tiviot, at Kelso, in the spring; it runs
+into the Tweed on the opposite side. The trout are numerous in it. There
+are several capital stations below the town, where the fish take the fly
+most freely, which is not the case in most of the rivers of the same
+magnitude. The fifteen painted salmon flies will be found excellent
+killers in this noble river, and the six large spring flies.
+
+I have killed Grilse, Sea-Trout, and River-Trout with the Winged Larva
+at the "Throughs" in August. Easterly winds were prevailing at the time,
+and the fish would not stir at any other sort of fly. When the river
+runs very low small flies are best.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER SHANNON.
+
+
+This is the largest and finest Salmon river in Britain. There is not a
+river in Norway that can be compared to it for fishing, were it properly
+used. The angler must proceed to its banks before he can say,
+conscientiously, that he has ever seen a salmon river. In its course it
+expands into three large and beautiful lakes, Lough Allen, Lough Ree,
+and Lough Derg. There are numerous islands in the latter one, with ruins
+of religious edifices, &c. This noble river receives many tributaries,
+in which there is capital fly fishing, with rapids and falls of water
+till it reaches Limerick. It runs a hundred and twenty miles to this
+place, and sixty more to the sea. It is on leaving the lakes that it
+abounds with many delightful streams--the haunts of large Salmon and
+fine Trout. Six miles above Limerick, at Castle Connel, there is a
+splendid place for the fly, and Trout fishing is good. The angler will
+here behold a scene that will greatly amuse him.
+
+There are other capital casts for Salmon up to Killaloe, where the Pike
+and Eels are of an extraordinary size and quality. Lough Derg is close
+to this place, in which are caught the "Gillaroe" Trout; they have
+gizzards like turkeys, are short and round in the body, very red in the
+flesh when cooked, and they have a most delicious flavour.
+
+The best flies for the Shannon are the fifteen painted ones, and the six
+large flies for spring. You cannot fail with these beautiful flies.
+
+
+
+
+THE LAKES OF CLARE.
+
+
+From the town of Killaloe the angler may proceed to the lakes of the
+County of Clare. You go west to the town of Broadford, eight miles
+distant, where there are three or four lakes, the furthest off one,
+Dromore; this town is eighteen miles off, and about eight from the
+county town, Ennis, on the river Fergus. Twelve miles up this river is
+Corrafin, a neat town, near which is the celebrated lake of "Inchiquin,"
+famous for its large trout and splendid views. Here the angler will find
+boats and every accommodation.
+
+The flies in my list for the season will kill exceedingly well in these
+lakes, made two or three sizes larger, and in fine weather the size they
+are.
+
+They are fond of grouse hackle, wrens, browns, turf-coloured flies,
+amber, black, grey, &c., &c., with brown grouse wings. The "yarn fly"[B]
+is not used here.
+
+Before the tourist angler leaves Killaloe, if he has time, he should by
+all means see the antiquities of the place, Lough Derg and Holy Island,
+where there are to be seen the ruins of seven churches, and a round
+tower 70 feet high, the entrenchments of "Brian Boroimhe," King of
+Munster, at Cancora, and his tomb near the Cathedral in the town.
+
+This ancient town is seated on the western bank of the Shannon, in the
+County of Clare, over which there is a bridge of nineteen arches; at a
+short distance below it, this grand river rolls over tremendous ledges
+of rocks, where there is an excellent fishery. It is a great pity that
+this fine river should be prevented from being of the greatest benefit
+to the country through which it runs, all owing to the "cruives," the
+"stake nets," "bag nets," and every other destructive invention that
+can be contrived for the wholesale slaughter of the splendid Salmon. Oh!
+look to it, you that have the power.
+
+From Limerick the angler may proceed to Athlone and Galway, but I should
+advise him to proceed to the south first, and fish the Blackwater and
+the lakes of Killarney; Mr. Jas. Butler has prohibited the fishing at
+Waterville this spring, in consequence, as he says, "of the numbers
+visiting, coupled with acts of poaching." I should say the lake is free,
+as it always was and ever has been, knowing that Mr. Butler is most
+polite to gentlemen.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote B: Net.]
+
+
+
+
+THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY.
+
+
+From Mallow, on the Blackwater, the angler proceeds to Killarney. It
+would be as well to go to Lismore, farther down from Mallow, where there
+is good Salmon fishing to be had; there is a Mr. Foley here (who rents
+the "weirs" of the Duke of Devonshire), he is most polite to strangers,
+and allows them to fish in the weirs, which are of some extent; and most
+of the Gentlemen residing on its banks, from Lismore up, will allow the
+stranger to fly-fish through their grounds, send their keepers to shew
+them the best places, and are most hospitable and polite. At the
+Killarney junction, Mallow, the angler takes his seat, and in a little
+time is delighted with the sight of the Lakes. I visited Killarney in
+1848, on an angling excursion in Ireland, to recruit my fallen spirits,
+if possible, after many years of industrious labour, "and it is myself
+that would advise the sickly to go there, if he had legs to walk on,"
+says poor Pat.
+
+To my great disappointment at the time, the Lakes were netted by their
+respective owners, which rather damped my spirits after going so far "a
+fishing"--my sport there was but inferior. It is not so now, many thanks
+to Lord Kenmare and Mr. Herbert, who have put a stop to the netting and
+other contrivances, to the delight of the anglers and inn keepers of the
+neighbourhood. I have been given to understand that the Salmon fishing
+is capital now in the lakes and river. At Ennisfallen Island there is a
+favourite cast, and another between that and Ross Island; another to the
+south west of it; towards Mucruss Abbey, to the north-east, there is
+good water for the fly, and in "Glena" bay, all of which the boatmen
+will show. At the latter place parties dine, in a very beautiful
+situation at the foot of the hill, sheltered by trees to the water's
+edge. On the west side of it is shown a curiosity--a holly, a thorn, a
+birch, a hazel, an ash, and an oak, so curiously entwined, that they
+appear as one tree; at this place there is a good fishery, at the
+cottage they cut the salmon into pieces, skewer them with arbutus, and
+roast them over a turf fire; they say arbutus gives them a fine flavour.
+
+Between Brickeen Bridge and the Upper Lake there is good fishing, in the
+narrow gorge between the lakes; the charges of boats, &c., have been
+regulated, so that they cannot now impose upon visitors. The scenery in
+the vicinity of "Brickeen Bridge" and the Eagle's Nest is sublime, and
+must delight the heart of the Angler who may be seeking health and
+pastime, either by himself or with his dear admiring friends.
+
+There is not a table, either in inn or lodging house in the town of
+Killarney, wanting a Guide to the Lakes, written by some intelligent
+person or other, so that the angler cannot go astray.
+
+There are numerous good inns in the town and neighbourhood, the people
+and landlords of which are polite, civil, and obliging to strangers, as
+are the guides and boatmen.
+
+There is a Miss Smith, in New Street, who keeps a comfortable lodging,
+the most honest creature I ever came across, go to her, you gentle ones.
+
+The delightful Island of Ennisfallen, which used to be my favourite spot
+during my stay, would be a kind of Heaven on Earth to the invalid; it is
+covered with verdure and beautiful large trees, the arbutus, &c. There
+is a thorn growing through a tomb stone, a holly fourteen feet thick, a
+curious crab tree, and the bed of honour, which the guides say if you
+lie down in it, having no children up to the present time, "your honor
+will be sure to have plenty of them after your return home."--This place
+is a hollow about the size of a large bed, in a projecting rock
+over-hung with holly and hawthorn. In an aperture in the "crab tree" the
+guides recommend ladies to pass. There are ruins of a once celebrated
+Abbey here, founded in an early date of St. Finian.
+
+The annals of Ennisfallen comprise a history of the world up to A.D.
+430, and a history of Ireland up to 1320. They are preserved in Trinity
+College, Dublin. There is an enormous ash tree growing out of the floor
+of the abbey. It is unquestionably a healthy spot, and soon excites an
+appetite by inhaling its salubrious air.
+
+The remains of the once beautiful edifice "Mucruss Abbey" is well worth
+seeing, as the ravages of death, which were once too prominent, have
+been cleared away by the humane Mr. Herbert, so that there may be a
+close inspection made of the ruins; the architecture of the eastern
+window is admirable; and the extraordinary "yew tree" growing in the
+centre of the ancient cloisters and over-spreading its walls is curious
+in the extreme, in the fork of the yew, above the great trunk, there is
+a kind of unctuous gum constantly flowing down, which is said by the
+peasantry that "the yew is shedding tears for the fate of the abbey."
+
+The Salmon flies to suit the Lakes, are Nos. 2, 4, 5, and 6, 8 and 9 the
+two at the bottom of the plate with "picker," and No. 4 plate on Salmon
+hooks, the paintings of which are exact to the models. The three latter
+flies are, first, a cinnamon-brown body, brown wings, and brown red
+hackle, mixed tail; second, a jointed body fly of blue and green, gaudy
+mixed wing, topping in the tail--this fly may be used in very rough
+water, and the brown one with a nice ripple and grey cloud; the No. 4
+fly on Salmon hooks, is mallard wings, fiery brown body ribbed with
+gold, brown red hackle, hook No. 6, B, CC, and a yellow and red mixed
+tail. The Dun Salmon Fly, No 6, and the one above it, No 5, are
+favourite killers in the lakes and river.
+
+My advise is, that my friends (I call every angler who reads this book a
+friend), should beware of the "mountain dew"[C] and goat's milk, sold by
+the damsels of Killarney, in the vicinity of Brickeen Bridge, and the
+Eagle's nest; they are harmless and cleanly creatures, but their
+importunity to taste their goat's milk is teasing--buy their goat's
+milk, but reject their "dew," gentle fishers.
+
+The river "Lane," which issues out of the Lower Lake, as it is now
+preserved by the inn keepers, is a capital stream for salmon and sea
+trout fishing; about four miles from Killarney, at the Bridge leading to
+"Dunloe Gap," is a good place to begin to fish, either up or down the
+river; the trout in both lakes and river are as yellow as gold when
+taken out of the water, they are spotted over with beautiful brown-red
+marks, and are very handsome to look at.
+
+The Trout Flies in the list will be found excellent for the lakes and
+river. A grouse hackle, with orange silk body, and a little strip of
+grey partridge tail for wings--this with the ant brown, hare's ear, and
+amber fly; the red dun, caperer, wren and cuckoo hackle, and duns of
+various shades and size, ribbed with silver. The land-rail fly,
+brown-red hackle, and ash fox, an orange body with black hackle from the
+tail up, and starling wings. The silver dun, with grey mallard wings,
+mixed with the wing of the bunting lark, ribbed with silver, and tail of
+the hackle fibres, the body yellow dun--this is a great favourite made
+of sea-trout size for the river, and large for salmon in the lakes. The
+sand and cinnamon flies are also good, and the red spinner; the winged
+larva is an excellent fly below the Bridge, allowed to sink a little
+beneath the surface when fished with, grilse and sea-trout will take it.
+
+The river Lane is remarkable for its firm footing along the banks, and
+no where obstructed by trees, it is the most pleasant place I ever saw
+for fishing, combined with wild and fanciful scenery.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote C: Whiskey--Oh! whiskey, whiskey,--cruel whiskey, you are the
+cause of poor Pat's giant poverty, you have rushed in upon him like one
+armed. Oh! thou accursed evil spirit.]
+
+
+
+
+LOUGH CURRAN, WATERVILLE.
+
+
+The angler may proceed any morning he feels disposed, to Waterville
+river and lake, southwest of Killarney, in the County Kerry; there is a
+car from the Kenmare Arms Hotel about eight o'clock in the morning,
+passing through Killorglan at the foot of the river Lane, which you have
+in view up to this place; Three miles farther on you come to the river
+"Corra," where there is an Inn, at the Bridge, for the accommodation of
+anglers, and where they may procure capital sea-trout and small grilse
+fishing; the lake Carra, out of which the river flows, is seen to the
+left before reaching the river at the bridge. It would be worth while
+staying a few days at this place, as the sea-trout fishing is beyond
+comparison, below the bridge to the sea, and above it as far as the
+lake, and also in the lake. The flies I have just named will kill well
+in the Carra, with a small black one, like a midge, ribbed with silver,
+with a honey dun fly made very small.
+
+You reach "Cahirceveen" in about eight hours from Killarney, from whence
+you take a car eight miles further on to Waterville, where you arrive
+comfortably in the evening to rest and have a talk with Mr. Butler, the
+proprietor of the "cuts;" the angler will find him most civil and
+polite, and on asking you get instant permission to angle for salmon in
+the river, and "keep all you catch" which has been a general rule for a
+length of time; the lake is free for salmon and trout fishing, it
+abounds with fine sea-trout, which appear to be continually running up
+between the bars of the "cruives." The river is very small, having but
+one pool in it close to the sea for salmon, the run of it is very short
+as the lake and sea almost meet, they are separated merely by a neck of
+land on which the bridge and "cuts" are erected, about three or four
+perches altogether. There is good sport to be had in the lake and river
+when it is flooded, and the angler will find every convenience with
+respect to men and boats; there are two inns in the place, at least when
+I was there in 1848, there were two.
+
+The flies for Waterville are the same as those I have just given, except
+for salmon in the river, which should be very plain and sombre, they are
+brown bodies, with dark hackles over a roll or two of gold tinsel, and
+brown turkey wings of a reddish hue; small blue flies, with gaudy wings,
+ribbed with silver, and black heads, the hackle to be dyed blue, and
+floss silk body, hook No. 10 or C. CC. When the water is up they will
+take Nos. 3, 4, and 5 flies in the plates; and the fly No. 11 is most
+excellent. They use a good sized fly in the lake for trout, when I
+fished it my flies were of the smaller sort, and in the hot sun the
+trout took small amber flies best with me. The local flies were
+darker--say drake size, with brown bodies, black hackles, and turkey
+wings, nevertheless they take them in a windy day exceedingly quick, and
+in a very short time the fishermen in the boats catch a large dish of
+them, say in about a hour; the trout and grilse in this lake I must say
+are most delicious, "they almost melt in the mouth," says he.
+
+The angler, when he gets tired here, may return to Killarney, and make
+head for the west and north, "and sure enough he may have another throw
+on the lakes, if he pleases, by way of bidding them good bye."
+
+He might take a start before he goes across the hills to Kenmare, by
+car, and have a day or two on the river Blackwater, usually called
+"Kerry Blackwater;" it is about eight miles from Kenmare, on the
+south-west side of the estuary of that name, on the road to "Derrynane
+Beg," or Derrynane Abbey. There is an inn on the river as you cross the
+road, but no town. The angler might go to it for a day or so from
+Waterville, by hiring a car at the inn, there and back. He will have an
+opportunity of seeing the mansion of the late Mr. D. O'Connell, at
+Derrynane, as he passes it to his right off the road, in a most healthy
+situation, sequestered amongst dwarf trees of the most fanciful
+appearance, close to a bay of the sea, or what is called "Kenmare
+River," the salt water of which is as clear as crystal.
+
+The flies used on this prolific little river are brown bodies, three
+ribs of gold tinsel, black hackles, and grouse and mallard wings; but I
+would strongly advise the angler to have some of the small flies made
+smaller still for this river, than in the plates of flies. A very small
+blue jay, a silver grey or "hedgehog fly," with a small black one ribbed
+with silver, are all good for this stream.
+
+The angler returns to old Killarney, and takes rail for Limerick, from
+thence by steam to Athlone, on the "Great Western;" there are fine Trout
+and Salmon here in summer. Go on from here to Galway, and fly fish Lough
+Carib (the river, I believe, is now broken up to facilitate the
+navigation between the bay and this grand expanse of fresh water). There
+are very large Trout to be met with in the Lough, and every
+accommodation respecting fishermen and boats at the town. The angler
+will find it very pleasant for a day or two's fish in the lake, with a
+ripple on the water and a grey cloud above.
+
+
+
+
+CONNAMARA AND BALLYNAHINCH.
+
+
+In this western region there are some beautiful lakes and rivers, once
+celebrated for the abundance of Salmon and Trout which they contained,
+but, alas! the "weirs" and nets have "wed" them all away, to the grief
+of the tourist angler, who might have enjoyed the "wild sports of the
+west." So he will yet, for there is a reformation to take place that
+will restore them to their pristine numbers both in lake and river. They
+are about to take down the "weirs," and net the bays, which will not
+only give the Salmon a free passage up, but augment them a
+hundred-fold,--then, "hurrah for Connamara, the land of the west." Derry
+Clare Lake is a good one for the fly, so is Lough Inna, and above and
+below the "weirs." If the generous proprietors of the fishery would
+consult upon the subject, they would immediately put a stop to the
+obstructions, if not, it it is quite impossible that there can be good
+fishing up to Lough Inna. Thirty gentlemen might fly fish these waters
+without the least inconvenience, were the Salmon allowed to go free.
+
+The Salmon Flies for Connamara are rather small and plain; various
+brown, black, red, olive, and orange flies kill well, ribbed with gold
+and silver. Those Sea-Trout ones, described for Waterville, do also
+well, and orange floss silk, ribbed with gold, small topping for tail,
+jay round the head, and mallard mixed wings. Hook C or CC.
+
+A small black fly, yellow tag, topping for tail, rib of silver, teal,
+and golden pheasant neck, breast feather of the peacock wing, mixed,
+blue feelers of macaw, jay at the shoulder. Hook B, or No. 9. A green
+body, ribbed with gold, black red hackle, orange macaw, or cock of the
+rock feather in the tail, short; a nice mixed gaudy wing, with a good
+deal of mallard and wood-duck prevailing, or silver pheasant wing, the
+hen bird is best. C, CC or B hook; vary the size for high and low water.
+A small claret fly, and the three flies in the Plates, Nos. 3, 4, and 5,
+with No. 11, all made on small hooks, these are the sorts to kill. The
+Sea-Trout ones are very small black and red hackles, grouse and wren
+hackles, dun flies, and little brown ants, hare's ear and yellow,
+silver greys, and the small flies enumerated in the catalogue. Use a
+sixteen feet salmon rod, and single gut casting lines, with one or two
+twisted lengths next to the reel line, which should be plaited silk and
+hair. There are plenty of boats and boatmen to be had at Ballynahinch
+River and Lakes, all civil fellows, and if used with common kindness and
+decency, they will confess that "the English anglers are the best
+fellows in the whole world,--Good luck to their honors. Long life to
+their honors."
+
+The scenery of this wild country is quite equal to any in Scotland, if
+the intelligent tourist angler would be at the pains of penetrating into
+the mountainous regions which surround Connamara. The islands in the
+bays are interesting and beautiful, as well as the stupendous hills
+standing up in order like giants, as it were, to bid defiance to the
+wild waves of the great Atlantic.
+
+Ireland is proverbial for the finest breeding rivers in the world for
+Salmon and Trout, in no country can there be found such splendid rivers
+and lakes for Salmon; see, for instance, the rivers Shannon, Erin, Bann,
+and the stupendous lakes out of which they issue, and of which, it is
+sufficient to show, that at "Burn Cranna," two miles below Coleraine,
+with the cross nets, three tons of Salmon were caught in one day by the
+fishermen some years back. This will give an idea of what the rivers in
+Ireland, in general, can produce. The Bann is preserved in the right
+season for the fry to come to perfection in great shoals, and from March
+till August the nets and "cruives" are worked.
+
+The flavour and quality of the Irish Salmon far exceed those of any
+other part of the United Kingdom, for when the fish are sent up from the
+north to the London markets they often lose their flavour, if not
+properly packed in the ice boxes; how can it be otherwise, when the
+distance is considered. The real Salmon of the Tweed, Tay, and Spay, are
+delicious, through the quickness of transit.
+
+Above Ballynahinch are seen the "Twelve Pins," or rocky precipices of
+"Beanabola." On the right of this mountainous road, beyond Ballynahinch,
+opposite the beautiful island of "Ennisbofine," are seen green mountain
+heights of great elevation, with romantic winding vallies, rivers, and
+views, that strike the heart with admiration.
+
+There is a large river in this neighbourhood, called the "Owen Rieve,"
+which abounds with Salmon, and falls into the sea south of Clue Bay. At
+the head of the Bay, a short way up, there is a Salmon Fishery, but no
+inn.
+
+
+
+
+BALLYNA.
+
+
+The angler may now proceed to the river Moy, at Ballyna, in the County
+of Mayo, a celebrated place for ages for Salmon fishing with the fly,
+and also a place where he may find every facility for insuring sport by
+the kind and obliging conduct of the renter of the "cruives," or cuts,
+who politely allows the angler to fish where he pleases, on condition
+that he gives up his fish save one per day, which he may freely reserve
+for himself, and as a trophy of his success, have the honor of "cutting
+it pink" by a good turf fire, tired after the day's sport, washing it
+down with a smoking hot tumbler of "whiskey punch," drinking the health
+of the Queen, and success to the arms of our brave countrymen in the
+East.
+
+Lough Con will be found also good, but the trout fishing is best in
+it--fly fish the river for salmon. It is about ten miles up to the
+southwest, and in it may be caught with the fly, the gilla-roe trout
+that have gizzards, the same as in Lough Derg on the Shannon. From the
+town of Ballyna up to Foxford, eight miles distant, is all capital water
+for salmon; there are plenty of boats to be had, and those who do not
+like a boat may fish from the shore; the salmon will rise and take the
+fly in every part of this water, so that the angler cannot go astray.
+
+The flies in use here are rather plain than gaudy, except in the spring,
+like all other rivers, they must be larger and more of a gaudy hue.
+
+A claret body, claret hackle and gold rib, tail a small topping, an
+orange tag rather tapered to the shoulder, jay at head, mallard wings
+mixed with blue and yellow macaw, neck feather of the golden pheasant, a
+topping over all, guinea hen, teal, and blue macaw feelers each side
+with a kingfisher, hook CC, 9, or BB.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of 7 Flies and Salmon.]
+
+A fly, with a fiery brown floss silk body, black ostrich tag, hackle of
+the same colour as body, rib of gold, tail of topping, mallard, golden
+pheasant tail, neck, and red rump feathers mixed, a blue jay or small
+guinea hen feather at the shoulder, hook No. 9, or B in low water.
+
+A blue body, blue jay over it, tag of orange floss, topping for tail,
+the hackle to be made full by another jay at the shoulder, under which
+roll a piece of orange pig-hair and pick it out well through the jay;
+the wings to be mixed ones with a topping in the centre; scarlet macaw
+feelers, and black head; hook No. 9 and B; rib the body with silver
+tinsel, and let it be the same colour as the jay.
+
+These with Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5, in the plates of flies for salmon will
+be found excellent. No. 11 is a good one; and a fly made with black silk
+body ribbed with silver twist, a very small topping in the tail, mixed
+with a sprig or two of guinea hen and Ibis, a small guinea hen hackle
+over the body and cut slantingly underneath the body to be longer at the
+shoulder, and a black or peacock head with a small blue jay round it;
+wings mixed with dark mallard, teal, neck feather, blue and yellow
+macaw, and a strip or two of wood-duck each side, and a fibre or two of
+peacock neck and white spotted wing feather, hook CC, B. If these flies
+are attended to, they will kill when many others fail; do not lose your
+sport and time, keep to what I say.
+
+
+
+
+BALLYSHANNON.
+
+
+From Ballyna the angler may proceed to the Erne, at Ballyshannon, by
+coach, where he will find, on his arrival, a beautiful river, and every
+accommodation he requires; it is a short running river, with a deep and
+rapid current, about three or four miles in length; at the town of
+Bellick it flows out of the grand expanse of Lough Erne, fifty miles in
+length, and in some parts twelve in width.
+
+The salmon leap of Ballyshannon, is a broad body of water falling over a
+perpendicular rock twelve feet high, up which the salmon run, showing
+their dark backs through the foaming water, and again falling back into
+the pool below after many attempts to surmount it; they seldom leap
+clean up out of the water, but in general I have seen them rushing up
+through the falling current, which shows the extraordinary strength they
+possess. I have remarked that they always remain a day or two in the
+first pool they come to after their ascent, and in this they take the
+fly most greedily, generally at the head of the leap.
+
+The fishermen sweep the river with nets below the leap, and the enormous
+quantities they take is most surprising, still there is abundance in the
+river; in summer in consequence of the netting, of course the salmon are
+not so plentiful up the river. The fish house stands on an island, which
+may be seen from the bridge of fourteen arches, and in the distance the
+sea views are grand.
+
+There is capital fishing below the bridge, and many fine salmon throws
+or haunts all the way up to Belleek; this town is finely situated on the
+north of Lough Erne, where it begins to discharge its waters into the
+channel which conveys them into the bay of Donnegal.
+
+The river at this place has a fall of twenty feet, forming a beautiful
+scene, enriched by foliage and steep precipices. The trout fishing here
+is good.
+
+The river Erne has a long course, the source of which is "Lough
+Gonnagh," in the County Longford, a short way from "Lough Sheelin," and
+the celebrated Lakes of West Meath. It then enters "Lough Oughter," in
+the County Cavan, after a serpentine course of eighteen or twenty miles,
+although the distance between the lakes is only eight miles; after
+passing through this lake, it takes another winding course of the same
+distance, passing Belturbet, an ancient town on its banks, it then
+enters the upper Lough Erne, and falls into the sea at Ballyshannon.
+Seeing the abundance of fish which these grand lakes, and clear running
+streams throughout the country produce, it is not at all to be wondered
+at the quantities taken at Ballyshannon.
+
+The flies in use here are very gaudy, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, in the plates,
+will be found capital killers, and up to No. 11 in fine days in summer
+when the water is low.
+
+There is another good killer which I will here describe:--body yellow
+brown mohair, ribbed with silver twist, puce tag, topping for tail with
+a little scarlet ibis mixed, a good dyed yellow hackle rolled over the
+body, and a scarlet hackle round the head; the wings are four toppings
+with strips of summer duck, a sprig or two of pheasant tail and neck, a
+strip of dyed white tipped turkey tail, and a sprig of guinea hen and
+glede or kite tail, the tail feather of the hen Hymalean pheasant is as
+good as what is called in Scotland "salmon tail glede," and the topping
+or crest of the cock bird which is a transparent scarlet colour, and
+like a topping of the golden pheasant stands over all; blue kingfisher
+each side, and scarlet macaw feelers, black ostrich head, hook No. 9 or
+8 in high water. This is a magnificent specimen of a salmon fly, and
+cannot be made properly at a small expense, either by the amateur
+himself who buys his foreign feathers, or by the fly-maker who gets his
+bread by it. The three flies in the plates Nos. 1, 2, and 3, will be
+found to do the work well. With this one, see the gaudy jointed fly in
+the plate, with "picker" at top.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVERS BUSH AND BANN.
+
+
+From Ballyshannon the angler proceeds to the Enniskillen and Derry
+railway, where he takes his seat for Coleraine; on arriving at this town
+he need not expect much fishing, except that he may take a throw at the
+head of the leap, and take also a view of that stupendous fall of fresh
+water which there can be little doubt of its surprising him, with the
+grand and delightful scenes around. When he gets on the suspension
+bridge, over the very top of the leap, he must hold by the rails to
+steady himself, and consider where he really is; the noise which the
+great body of water in the centre fall makes, when it descends into the
+pool beneath, dins his very ears, this with the broad rapid running
+river close beneath his feet as he stands on the light iron bridge,
+holding by a single rail with his hand, must almost take his sight away;
+and if he never had the pleasure of seeing the shadow of fear before,
+rely upon it he feels himself in a fearful plight just then "for a short
+time any how."
+
+On the County Derry side the falls are not so strong, and on these the
+"cuts" are erected, for no salmon could surmount the centre fall, and
+these "cuts" are so high from the top of the leap, that the salmon
+cannot get over them even in floods, except by mere chance. This
+productive fishery belongs to the London Fishmongers' Company, on
+application the stranger will be allowed on the bridge to view the
+falls, and at the same time he will see the traps crowded with salmon of
+all sizes, from the small "graul," as they call them there, to the
+largest size salmon; sometimes the fish can hardly swim in these "cuts"
+or "cruives" they are so numerous, what a treat for the eyes of the fly
+fisher to behold. The angler may fly fish at will, and has his choice
+either to go up the Bann to Kilrea, or go first to the Bush river, it is
+only seven miles from Coleraine to Bush Mills, so that as he is now in
+that town it would be advisable to try his hand at the Bush first, and
+then proceed to Kilrea, on the Bann, about fourteen miles up that river,
+by car.
+
+When the angler arrives at Bush Mills, which he will do in an hour from
+Coleraine, the inn keeper will make him acquainted with the rules of
+the fishing. The river is now in possession of a club of gentlemen, who
+will with great pleasure allow the stranger to fly fish.
+
+It will be necessary to have a guide, who will show you all the best
+throws for salmon; and when tired of fishing, point out the "Causeway"
+to you, which is two miles from the town. The best of the fishing
+extends about two miles--one mile below the town to the sea, and one
+mile above it at the salmon leap.
+
+There are some good throws on the top of the leap, and towards the tail
+of the large pool beneath; another famous throw between that and the
+town called "Lagan Drade;" at the top of this long pool there are two
+large stones projecting out of the water, between which the current of
+the stream rushes violently, in this rapid place between the stones the
+fish will take the fly, and below the stones along the left side of the
+Bush, and on the rising ground at the foot of the pool; if you can
+manage to throw well over the bushes you will be very apt to hook a
+salmon in the mid-water. There is another good throw below the bridge;
+the deepest part lying along the gardens, and three or four more
+between that and the sea; there is a large stone lies in the middle of
+the river, over which the water may be seen boiling, if you can manage
+to throw beyond it, and draw the fly across it letting it fall a little
+below it, you will have a chance to hook a fish immediately. Just below
+this stone, a little way from the sea, at a narrow part of the river, is
+another capital place, fish it from the right side and do not come
+abruptly upon the place or the fish will see you, which will prevent
+them from rising, but this you can avoid, as you will see this
+contracted part from the stone throw; prepare a good fly before you come
+up, and keep as far off it as possible. It is a shelving elbow shaped
+rock narrowing the river, so that your fly must be gradually moved down
+commencing a few yards above the elbow rock, which cannot be seen as the
+grass grows on it to the very edge, till you look over it into the
+water; just as the fly rounds the point all the fish see it that are
+lying under the brow of the hollow rock, where you may expect a rise;
+this is the deepest part of the whole river, and the first resting place
+for the fish after leaving the sea.
+
+In this place the depth of the water requires a bright fly; the
+following one will prove a killer:--Body, orange floss silk, a small
+topping for tail with a fibre or two of mallard, ribbed with fine gold
+tinsel, and a rich brown-red cock's hackle from the tail up, not too
+long in the fibres, the hackle to be a little black at the head when
+rolled on; the wing of copper brown mallard with a strip of wood-duck
+each side, and a topping over all; feelers of macaw, and a black ostrich
+head. Hook CC. Should you rise a fish with this old favorite, and it
+does not take, try him once or twice more with it, and no doubt you will
+have him. If he does not hook himself with it, change it for a light
+blue one, the body the blue colour of the sky, legs the same, and a
+mallard wing ribbed with gold.
+
+You now come to the sea, at "Bushfoot." There is a pool here into which
+the tide ebbs and flows, and at times the fish are plunging over and
+over on the top of each other, which the fishermen net when this is the
+case. When the tide is out the Salmon will rise and take the fly in it
+freely, as the flowing of the river into it pushes out the brackish
+water before it, and when the tide is flowing, before it enters the
+pool, is the best time,--in fact, this is the best place to stay at for
+the sole purpose of being enabled to fish, as the river above is so low
+in summer, except after rains, that it is useless to try.
+
+The Castle of old "Dunluce" is near Bushfoot, it stands on a rock close
+to the cliff on the mainland in the sea, and is built on the surface or
+top of the rock, close to its very edge all round, and the corner stones
+appear to have been brought from the Giant's Causeway. There is a deep
+chasm between the castle and the land, over which the range wall of the
+old bridge is yet standing; the bridge itself is completely gone. This
+narrow wall, about fourteen inches wide, may be easily crossed going
+into the castle, but on recrossing it to the land side it strikes terror
+into the heart. Some years ago I visited this old ruin, and crossed the
+wall into it quite easily and fearlessly, but on my returning, to my
+great surprise, I was afraid of my life to recross it. The cause was, no
+doubt, that the wall and yawning chasm appeared more under me on coming
+out than on going in, the wall being narrow and the chasm deep. At last
+I crept over it very slowly on my hands and knees, and it was with
+difficulty I reached the land. As I sat panting on the grass, looking
+towards the dark old pile, I vowed that the walls of "Dunluce Castle"
+should never again hold me. I was most likely stricken with a fairy
+talisman.
+
+The "GIANT'S CAUSEWAY" is two miles from Bushfoot, where the stranger
+may spend a few pleasant days with a kind friend, amidst rocks and
+caves, glens and tremendous cliffs, causeways, chasms, and pillars of
+wondrous height. These rows of pillars stand up the face of the cliff,
+which is 360 feet high, from the base of which three broad causeways
+extend, of honeycomb shape, nine hundred feet into the sea. The pillars
+of these low causeways are generally six, seven, and many three and
+nine-sided, and as even as if they had been cut with a chisel; they rest
+one upon another in joints, the top one round to fit into the one
+beneath like a socket, and the pillars are so closely packed, that you
+can hardly get the point of a knife between them. There are other
+pillars in the face of the cliffs, called the Giant's Loom, the Giant's
+Chair, the Giant's Organ, and the Giant's Well. The natural wildness
+and grandeur of these and the adjoining promontories, exceed any thing
+that can be imagined.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER BANN.
+
+
+Portna is considered the best ford for Salmon and Trout fishing on this
+noble stream. At this place, which is merely an inn, kept by a Mr.
+Moore, for the accommodation of anglers, the river, which is a large
+one, falls over ledges of rock, large stones, broad fords of gravel,
+deep gorges in places, rushing down inclined plains, which spread into
+currents five and six feet deep, dimpling as it flows along, where large
+trout may be seen taking down the natural insects, and making the
+surface boil. These places might be swarming, were it not for the
+"cruives," with the largest salmon in Britain.
+
+During the summer months you may take a good many salmon here, but on
+some days you cannot see a fish, as they are mostly stopped at the
+"cuts." These salmon traps are called "cuts," in Ireland, and "cruives,"
+in Scotland. I need not explain their formation, as they are too well
+known to the fly fishers. Notwithstanding all this, the generous renter
+of the fishery at the Leap of Coleraine, gives liberty to all anglers
+visiting the Bann, from March to August, and the courtesy and politeness
+which he evinces towards gentlemen, causes him to take no notice of
+their fishing with the salmon fly till September. I have been informed
+by Mr. Moore, the inn-keeper, at Portna, that there is now a "Queen's
+Gap" made in the "cuts," on Sundays, to allow some of the salmon to
+escape. This is a great boon to the angler.
+
+The town of Kilrea is a mile from Portna, where there is a good inn,
+kept by an Englishman, a Mr. Adcock. At the bridge, which is half a mile
+from the town, there is a famous throw for a salmon; you let off the
+line, while standing on the bridge, to where the fish lie, a little
+lower down. There are capital streams for salmon near "Moor Lodge," a
+delightful spot, down as far as "Bevanaher" ford. The boatmen take you
+through the gorges in racehorse style. The man brings the bow of the
+boat to the very edge of the rapid, steadies her by making you sit down
+with himself, and in a minute or two she shoots down the gorge in a
+very pleasant manner into the broad ford below; when he returns with the
+boat, he pulls her up the side of the stream. The Bann boatmen, I must
+say, are very civil fellows, and charge moderately for their labour and
+boats--half-a-crown a day, pot luck, and a smoke of tobacco--"an ould
+fly, and a gut casting line, if it's no use to your honor."
+
+THE FLIES to suit the Bann are as follows:--
+
+No. 1. Body claret pig hair, ribbed with gold tinsel, orange tag, a
+topping, and a little wood-duck for tail; a dark claret hackle rolled up
+to the shoulder, and a blue jay above it; mallard wings, mixed with
+bustard--the dark small spotted bustard feather is best for this river,
+the light coloured for Scotland and Wales--golden pheasant tail and
+neck, peacock wing, wood-duck feelers of blue and yellow macaw, and a
+black head. Hook No. 8 or 9. This is a great favourite.
+
+No. 2. Scarlet body, scarlet hackle, and mallard wing, gold over body,
+topping for tail, and one in the centre of the wings, jay at the
+shoulder, and a black head. Hook No. 8. Large for the Spring, and B, BB
+for June and July.
+
+No. 3. Fiery brown body, brown-red hackle, gold tinsel, mallard wings
+with a little wood-duck and golden pheasant neck feather mixed with it,
+macaw feelers, and a small topping for tail mixed with wood-duck. Hook
+BB or G. Grouse hackle round the shoulder, and a black head.
+
+No. 4. Body yellow pig hair, half way up from the tail, the remainder
+wine purple or dark blue, a purple hackle over it, and a claret one at
+the shoulder; blue head picked out the colour of the sky; two toppings
+in the centre of wings of mallard and brown turkey mixed, and macaw
+feeler. Hook No. 9. Silver tinsel over the body.
+
+No. 5. Orange body, broad gold tinsel, dark brown-red hackle over it;
+strips of wood-duck and neck feather for tail; strips of spotted Argus
+pheasant; a dark full mallard wing with two neck feathers in the centre,
+and a black head. Hook No. 9, BB, or 8. Large for high water or deep
+places.
+
+No. 6. A puce body, ribbed with silver tinsel and gold twist, topping in
+the tail mixed with wood-duck fibres; puce hackle struck full up to the
+head, blue jay here, and kingfisher each side of the wings, which are
+of a very nice mixture of Argus pheasant small spotted feather, peacock
+wings, mallard, teal, guinea hen, kite tail, pheasant tail, blue and
+orange macaw, scarlet macaw, green parrot tails, Ibis, and silver
+pheasant tail (the hen); feelers of macaw, a topping over all, with the
+crest feather of the Hymalean pheasant, and a bronze head. Hook, Nos. 9
+and 8. These, with the eleven flies in the Plates, and No. 12, early in
+the Spring, with the five Shannon flies, are all "first-rate killers,"
+indeed, the fourteen painted flies are all capital ones for this river.
+
+THE TROUT FLIES are generally the same as those in the catalogue of
+flies for the season. In the spring they run rather large, but in the
+summer months they are used very small. Olive flies of various hues are
+very much used, and a fly with a green body and the feather off the root
+of the landrail's wing; another with orange body, black-red hackle, and
+woodcock wings. Hooks No. 8, in spring, Nos. 10 and 12, in summer. The
+various browns are capital in the early season, and the green olive,
+sooty olive, hare's ear and olive, brown and olive flies made full in
+the wings, and to be longer than the body. There are no hackles used in
+the spring, till a little further on in the season, then hackle flies
+are used; the wren tails of different sorts are very much prized, and
+the light red-brown grouse hackle, and yellow body; a blue body fly,
+black hackle, and wings of the starling; a gosling green olive fly, with
+mallard wings, mixed with landrail, and a hook No. 8 or 10; a fly with a
+yellow body of silk, red hackle dyed yellow, starling wing mixed with
+mallard, and a little partridge tail; the golden wren is good; a very
+small black gnat is good; and the never-failing "blue blow." The body of
+this little fly, as used on the Bann, is mole's fur mixed with golden
+olive, picked out at the shoulder, and a black bird's wing, to be fished
+with on warm sultry days. These flies are killers, and the trout are
+fond of them, which will be found excellent and plentiful at Portna.
+
+On the shores of Lough Neagh, towards the Bridge of Toome, where the
+river issues out of the lake, there is good angling in the Drake season
+in June. There is a small inn at Toome Bridge, where the angler can
+procure a boat. It is but four miles north of "Randalstown," on the
+Belfast and Ballymena Railway. I have spent many a day on these waters,
+when a young man.
+
+From Shane's Castle, the Earl O'Neil's, to the bridge, and from the town
+of Antrim to Shane's Castle, there are large trout taken with the fly;
+at the end of May, and throughout June, the whole surface of the lake
+along the shore is covered with the natural fly. The Drake, in the
+Plate, would be a good one made on a large size hook, to throw amongst
+them. Earl O'Neil grants permission to gentlemen to fly-fish in the
+demesne of Shane's Castle, by sending a note from the inn at
+Randalstown, to the Steward.
+
+There are numerous rivers running into Lough Neagh, from five different
+counties, which it borders. The Bann rises in the Mourne Mountains, in
+the County of Down, and passing through the Lough, issues out of it at
+the Bridge of Toome, forming a stupendous body of fresh water. The Lough
+is twenty-three miles long, and twelve in width.
+
+To get at the various small trout rivers running into all these great
+lakes in the north of Ireland, I would recommend, to gain information
+of the cross-roads, Leigh's Road Book of Ireland and Dublin Railway
+Guide.
+
+The angler will now take his departure from the north and proceed to
+Dublin, _viā_ Belfast and Draugheda, at this place he comes to the river
+Boyne, where he may spend a few pleasant days at "Old Bridge," a place
+about three miles up the river at the "weirs." There is good Salmon
+fishing at this place when the tide is out, and on the flow of the tide
+he will take capital Grilse and Sea-Trout.
+
+For the Boyne, the best flies are claret, brown, olive, green, orange,
+and black, with brown mallard wings, and turkey tail feathers. Plain
+ones in general are best.
+
+
+
+
+LAKES OF WESTMEATH.
+
+
+After leaving Draugheda, the angler will reach Dublin by rail in a very
+short time, where he will take his place in the railway carriage for
+Mullingar, the county town of Westmeath; here, he is in the centre of
+numerous fine lakes, well stored with large trout that will take the fly
+most freely in May and June; the whole country round this place is most
+pleasingly diversified by romantic sites, gentlemen's mansions, and
+extensive lakes.
+
+There are two lakes in the neighbourhood, or environs of Mullingar,
+which are "Lough Ennel" and "Lough Owel," to the north of the town; the
+first named one is the best for large trout. There are good boats and
+fishermen to be had here. A little farther northward is Lough Iron, and
+the river Jenny, which takes its course to the Shannon. The best lake of
+them all is "Derevaragh," still further to the north; the town of
+Castlepollard is the best station to stay to fish this fine lake; the
+trout run twelve and fourteen pounds in it.
+
+Lough Lane and Dromore are close to the last named lake. The angling in
+May is most excellent, with the green drake; it is called the drake
+season, and at this period the largest fish are caught; the green drake
+which I have described, is the right sort for the lakes, with large
+whole upright wings double the ordinary size.
+
+The trout flies in general are brown, green, grey, red, black, hare's
+ear and yellow, hare's ear and brown, hare's ear and olive, fiery
+brown, claret, orange, and yellow flies, and in rough weather gaudy
+grilse flies are good.
+
+The flexible minnow would be a capital bait, drawn after the boat, when
+the trout are not inclined to take the fly.--See an angling tour of the
+lakes by "Jeffery Green Drake."
+
+There is very good salmon and trout fishing to be had in the County
+Tipperary, at the town of Cahir, situated on the Suir; Kilcommon Cottage
+on the river side, is a place of great beauty, and the angler may amuse
+himself in the demesne of Lord Cahir, which contains 560 acres; this
+place and Clonmel may be reached by railway from Dublin, and on arriving
+at Kilkenny there is very good fishing in the river Barrow at the town,
+on the road to Cahir.
+
+There is a small river called Killmacow, two miles above Waterford,
+running into the Suir, in which there is beautiful trout fishing, in the
+Spring and June.
+
+There are some nice streams in Wexford, for salmon and trout fishing.
+The "Slaney," at Scarrawalsh Bridge, near the Barony Forth, is capital
+for sea trout, in August and the early Spring; there is good trout
+fishing the higher you proceed up this fine river.
+
+In Lord Courtown's demesne, beyond Tara Hill, there is good grilse and
+sea trout fishing, the river runs through the town of Ballycannew, a few
+miles above Gorey; Lord Courtown's is not far from Gorey, who will allow
+any gentleman to angle with the fly in his charming demesne. They say
+that his lordship can contrive to "fish these fish" into the kettle
+alive out of the river, part of which runs under the mansion; I cannot
+tell how true this may be, the river runs close to the house, in which
+there are plenty of salmon and trout.
+
+The flies used here are rather gaudy, sea trout size; and the list of
+flies for the season will answer admirably for trout fishing.
+
+From the above place the angler may conveniently visit the rivers in the
+County Wicklow, which are all trout streams, arriving at Arklow, on the
+river Ovoca.
+
+There is a very nice river[D] running along the southern side of the
+Wicklow Mountains, passing by a place called "Little Aghrim," from
+whence to the wooden bridge, three miles from Arklow, there is excellent
+trout fishing in March, April, and May; it passes through a long lough
+or piece of deep water, out of which the trout issue in the spring into
+the river; there is no obstruction on its banks from the Wooden Bridge
+Inn up to Aghrim. There is a bridge crosses the river three miles up
+from the Wooden Bridge, where the angler may fish up to Aghrim or down
+to the "Meetings." The Wooden Bridge is called the "Lower Meetings of
+the Waters,"--this is the most beautiful place of any in the
+neighbourhood of the Vale of Ovoca, as you can see fine vales from the
+mount behind the Inn; although from the grounds of Howard Castle, where
+the little and great Avon meet, the views are sublime,--this is Moore's
+"Sweet Vale of Ovoca, where the bright waters meet."
+
+From the town of Rathdrum to the Meetings there is good fly fishing in
+the spring; through the vale there is no angling in the river, in
+consequence of the copper mine water running into it from the hills on
+each side, Cronebane, and Balymurtagh.
+
+There is very little fishing in the river Dargle, as the stream is so
+small, but the scenery is magnificent, particularly in the vicinity of
+Powers Court Waterfall, it is about two miles and a half from the
+village of Powers Court.
+
+The best way to go from Dublin to fish the rivers "Avon" and "Derry,"
+would be through Bray and Rathdrum; begin here to fish the Avon, to the
+Bridge at Howard Castle; and from the Wooden Bridge angle up the Derry
+to Aghrim, I never saw so many small trout in my life as there are in
+this beautiful stream, in the spring; there are numbers of small rivers
+descending the Wicklow Mountains, towards the east, south, and west, in
+which the trout run small.
+
+We will return to Dublin and pay a visit to the once celebrated "salmon
+leap," at Leixlip, a few miles west of the City--this is a charming
+place, where a few days may be spent to advantage; the groves and rocks,
+and the romantic glen are the theme of admiration. And the Park of
+Castletown, the most beautiful in the Kingdom; from the ancient castle
+at the end of the town there are views of the river and waterfall. The
+salmon fishing has been spoiled here by the sewers of the City running
+into the Liffey.
+
+At New Bridge, on the banks of the Liffey, the station before you come
+to Kildare, on the Cork railroad, close to the celebrated "Curragh of
+Kildare," a race course of 3000 acres of verdant plain, there is capital
+trout fishing in April and May, and pretty fair sport may be had
+throughout the summer; the flies to suit the river Liffey are very
+small, and those little ones in my list for the season will answer well.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote D: The River Derry.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER LEE, AT CORK,
+
+
+Would be as good a place as any in Ireland "to go to fish," were it not
+for the "weirs," and foul play in many ways, which is practised all the
+way up, on the poor salmon; there is some little sport to be had in it
+in the spring, and after heavy rains. The flies to suit it are rather
+plain and small, blue, grey, brown, claret, and green; mallard wings,
+mixed with a little golden pheasant tail and neck feathers; blue macaw
+feelers, black head, and mixed tails like the wings. Hook B CC, in high
+water BB and No. 9.
+
+
+
+
+SALMON RIVERS OF SCOTLAND.
+
+
+We will bid adieu to old Ireland for a season, and its fair city Dublin,
+"with the blue sky over it," and step into the steam boat at Kingston
+for Holyhead, seat ourselves in a carriage, and trundle off to bonny
+Scotland--a country of many waters, stored with fine fish; we cross the
+Tweed, at Berwick, of pastoral fame, and dash into "Auld Reekey" with
+flying colours in no time.
+
+The beautiful city of Edinburgh must not be left without viewing it from
+end to end, as it is worth while to spend a day or two in it, if you
+have not been there, were it only to inspect its monuments and
+antiquities, which are numerous, in fact, the city at large is a
+complete curiosity. From here the angler will be able to take rail for
+Perth, on the banks of the famous "river Tay;" and as the line touches
+on Stirling, should it be convenient, there might be a day or two spent
+on the Forth. There are abundance of trout about four miles up the
+river, and some salmon; small plain flies suit it best.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER TAY.
+
+
+This beautiful salmon river is the principal one in Perthshire, in its
+course it expands into Loch Tay, on leaving which it finds itself a
+channel and becomes rapid for miles; it has a long course, passing the
+towns of Dunkeld and Perth, and falls into the sea at Dundee.
+
+The river Erne, after a long and rapid course falls into the Tay below
+Perth. There is also the "Timel," at the pass of Cillecrankey, on the
+road to Inverness from Dunkeld, and is fourteen miles from the latter
+place, there is a small inn close to the river, in which there is good
+trout fishing; the coach from Perth stops here to change horses and
+breakfast; it is a fine rushing stream. And also the "Keith," at Blair
+Dummond, where there is a very high waterfall, the sound of which can be
+heard at some distance; it falls into the Tay.
+
+There is excellent angling for salmon and sea trout in the river Tay,
+five or six miles above Perth, in September and October; the white trout
+are in abundance in this river in the latter month; the salmon run very
+large in this water, in April, May, and June; and are best taken with
+large salmon flies of rather a sombre hue.
+
+At the town of Dunkeld there is famous fishing in the Spring and Autumn.
+From Dundee to Perth and Dunkeld, through the "Carse of Gowrie," the
+Valley of the Tay is one of the most beautiful parts of all Scotland, in
+my estimation; at both sides of the river it is interspersed with
+excellent gentlemen's seats, and beautiful grounds.
+
+There is a fishery a little above the Bridge of Perth, which is very
+productive.
+
+The flies to suit this fine river are:--
+
+No. 1. Brown pig hair bodies, ribbed with gold, dark brown-red hackle,
+wings light brown spotted turkey tail, red tag, and a scarlet joint
+above it; the body to be made long and taper. Hook No. 8. Rather large
+for the spring.
+
+No. 2. A bronze peacock harl body, ribbed with gold tinsel, a brown-red
+hackle, and wings of mallard mixed with hen pheasant tail, the tail of
+the golden pheasant, red tail of mohair cut short, and the body to be
+thin. No. 9 hook.
+
+No. 3. Brown mohair body, with a long red-brown spotted grouse hackle;
+the wings a mixture of mallard, brown turkey, and a little hen pheasant
+tail. Hook No. 8 or 9.
+
+No. 4. A puce mohair body ribbed with silver, purple hackle over it,
+yellow tail of small topping, and a yellow hackle round the shoulder;
+wings of golden pheasant tail, with a little spotted bustard, a topping
+over all, and a black head. Hook No. 8 or 9. (A piece of wood-duck each
+side.)
+
+No. 5. An orange body ribbed with black silk and gold tinsel, topping in
+the tail, and a black-red hackle over it, (a hackle with the black
+streak running all the way through it); scarlet tag and tail; wings
+light brown turkey tail, rather lighter at the tips, a few fibres of
+wood-duck each side, the same quantity of bustard, and a bronze head.
+Hook No. 9, or for high water, No. 7.
+
+This fly will be found an excellent killer in the Tay, or any other
+river in Scotland.
+
+These, with the twelve painted and engraved flies, no man can desire
+better. Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 11, will be found excellent in low water, and
+Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, in high water.
+
+THE SEA-TROUT FLIES are orange bodies, mixed wings, jay at shoulder,
+silver tinsel, and a small topping for tail. Hook _fff_ or C, say No.
+6, Kendal.
+
+Blue body, black hackle ribbed with silver, and mallard wings. Hook CC.
+
+Green body, black hackle, gold twist, and dark brown turkey wings.
+
+Light brown body, red hackle, gold twist, two fibres of red Ibis for
+tail, and glede wings. Hook No. 6 or 7. In low water they take them
+rather small, with the tinsel, of course.
+
+Hare's ear body, ribbed with silver twist, a greyish dark hackle, the
+colour of the dark fur on the ear, mallard wings, and tail of the same.
+Make another fly mixed with orange and yellow mohair.
+
+A black fly ribbed with silver tinsel, black wing with white tips, black
+hackle, and a yellow head and tail. Hook C.
+
+It would be as well to try very small gaudy flies occasionally, as you
+may rise a grilse during the time you are fishing for white-trout. A
+grilse loves to rise at a middling gaudy fly after leaving the sea.
+Blue, green, and red flies are all good.
+
+I will give three more favorites that will not miss:--
+
+No. 1. Body brown claret colour, mixed with the fur of hare's ear,
+ribbed with silver twist, a short black hackle, wings rather light brown
+mallard, and a black head. Hook, Green Drake size, or No. 6.
+
+No. 2. A black body, tipped with orange silk, ribbed with silver twist,
+a black hackle, and dark brown turkey tail wings. Hook No. 6 or C,
+varied with blue body and black-red hackle.
+
+No. 3. A blue dun body, a dun hackle ribbed with silver twist, tail two
+fibres of mallard, and grey mallard for wings. Hook C, or No. 6. A fly
+with an olive body, and one with yellow and mallard wings, are good.
+These flies will be found great killers where the fish are plentiful,
+with a good ripple on the water, and would do admirably on the Dee and
+Don, at Aberdeen.
+
+
+
+
+THE DEE AND DON.
+
+
+These rivers run into the sea at Aberdeen, and are excellent for Salmon
+and Trout fishing--the Dee for Salmon, and the Don more for Trout, which
+are most delicious for the table; they cut as pink as Salmon. The
+white-trout fishing is good here in October, and the flies I have just
+given for the Tay will kill admirably in these rivers; and for salmon,
+will be capital ones, made a size or two larger. When I visited that
+country a few years back, I walked up the Dee one evening, and at a
+shallow ford, above the bridge, there were two men "stroke-hauling" the
+salmon as they run up out of the pool below, and which they called their
+rented fishery; they rushed into the stream with a sort of net in their
+hands, and had them out in quick time. As the fish run, the water did
+not appear to cover their backs. I was told, were it not for this
+practice, the river would be swarming.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER SPEY.
+
+
+This splendid Salmon river runs through Elginshire, and a nobler one
+there is not to be found for fishing with the salmon fly, particularly
+in high water, and in the large pools when the water is low. In summer
+there is little sport to be had, except in these pools, with a good
+ripple, and towards the sea, from the bridge at Fochabers, a capital
+station, with an excellent inn. Early in the morning and late in the
+evening, are the best times in the heat of summer. I had a fly sent me
+some years past, by McPherson Grant, about the size of C or drake size,
+with which he killed a salmon, twenty pounds weight, in the Spey. The
+body of the fly was made of yellow silk, red cock's hackle, toucan tail
+ribbed with gold, jay at the shoulder, a neat gaudily mixed wing,
+feelers of blue and yellow macaw, and a small black head. It was one of
+my flies, which, if made on large size hooks, will kill anywhere. The
+above little fly is just the sort for low water, and should be adopted,
+made very small, in the summer months. The salmon should be thrown for
+with this sort of fly, in rapid currents rushing into deep holes, where
+the fish lie. The winged larva would do well in such places for grilse
+and sea-trout. In the spring, flies the size of No. 12, are used, with
+long thin silk bodies of orange, yellow, red, and green colours, red
+hackles, jay and mixed wings, with red feathers prevailing in them, and
+black heads, ribbed with gold and silver tinsel. The fifteen painted
+Salmon Flies will be found great killers in this river, varied in size
+according to the state of the water.
+
+There is a river which runs past the town of Banff, the Keith, in which
+there is good angling a few miles up from the broad part of the water.
+Guinea hen and jay hackles kill here, with grouse and brown body,
+mallard wings mixed with turkey tail, and small size hooks, say CC or
+B.
+
+
+
+
+THE FINDHORN
+
+
+is another fine Salmon river after heavy rains, which swell it to a
+prodigious size, as shown by its channel in low water, high ridges of
+sand and gravel being thrown up on each side of its banks at every flat
+running ford in its course to the sea. The flies to suit it are:--
+
+No. 1. Brown body, gold tinsel, wings copper-coloured mallard, and a
+brown grouse hackle. Hook No. 8, and BB.
+
+No. 2. Body brown floss silk, ribbed with silver, large motley brown
+cock's tail feather over the body, and a spotted turkey tail for wings.
+No. 9 hook.
+
+No. 3. Body, puce floss silk ribbed with silver, black-red hackle, a
+mixed wing of glede, turkey tail, and mallard, with a topping over all,
+and a dark claret or purple hackle. Hook No. 9.
+
+No. 4. Light puce body with a hackle of the same colour, topping for
+tail, and a gaudily mixed wing, (not too much so) broad silver. No. 8
+hook.
+
+No. 5. Yellow body, puce hackle, mixed wings, rib of silver, and tail a
+topping. Hook No. 9. These, with the painted ones, will do the work to a
+nicety in this dashing river.
+
+The River Nairne, in these quarters, is not a bad one for grilse and
+salmon fishing in September; the town of Nairne, is the most convenient
+station, beginning a few miles up, and proceeding higher; the small
+salmon flies that I have given for the Spey will suit this river well.
+
+
+
+
+RIVERS AND LAKES ADJACENT TO FORT WILLIAM, ON THE CALEDONIAN CANAL.
+
+
+These wild and majestic scenes in the heart of the Highlands of Scotland
+are without doubt splendid, either to look upon or for the purpose of
+salmon and trout fishing, the recollections of such to the intelligent
+and contemplative mind of the gentle angler who has visited this region,
+must be lasting and agreeable. [E]The sail down the Clyde from Glasgow,
+passing Dumbarton Castle (on a rock in the water to the right), to
+Greenock, is most enchanting; opposite this fine town the angler will
+observe a grand expanse of deep and blue salt water, bordered in the
+distance with mountains dark and high, filling the imagination with awe,
+while pacing the decks of the frail but well appointed little steam boat
+Helen McGregor in the gloom, as she creaks away through briny silvered
+waves of lakes, estuaries, and straits, to Caledonia's "noblest
+work"--the Great Canal. Rounding a rough northern head land, where seven
+currents meet, of seas, sounds, and straits, Crenan in the wake,
+compassing the shore in Jura Sound, the "little Helen" struggling with
+the swelling tide, appeared to be standing still though at full speed;
+Loch Etive, on the starboard--into whose bosom, Awe's serpentine waters
+steal at solitary "Bunaw;" Lismore in the distance, Mull in our wake,
+due West--the rapid subsiding--through it "the fair one" tripped
+gallantly. In these "meetings of the waters," what oceans of salmon
+sported and played at large in their blue and fresh element, far from
+the wily bars! The "Heroine" seemed at once to be stepping up hills from
+lock to lock, till she levelled the base of "Ben Nevis;" close to which
+mighty mountain, the "fair one" squatted for the night. Glad enough were
+her living freight to get on firm footing, and wend their way across a
+mossy plain, without a rolling stone, to a little house under a hill,
+that kept beds "well aired," and "usquebaugh," for travellers. At the
+dawn of morning, through the haze, could be descried, "Fair Helen,"
+smoking--her steam was up--sitting, "sidey for sidey," by the lofty Ben,
+the sight of which, to look up at, was staggering. He had yet his
+nightcap on of hazy grey, but enough of the giant hill could be denoted
+that his base on that side was hewn away, facilitating the great track.
+This morning, away went the "fair one," rattling like "sticks a
+breaking." Hurrah for Fort William--a voice, "and the Camerons of
+Lochiel,"--here we are at Crystal Laggan, Lochiel, and Lochey's
+excellent waters for the Salmon Trout--(I will give the flies to suit
+them a little further on). "Fair Helen" began her movements slowly for
+some time, creeping through locks, o'er hills, in basins--Macomer on the
+starboard,--Lochiel, farewell!--now skimming into saltless "Lochey's"
+(famed for its ancient mountain clans) soft and balmy waters; through
+the lake she dashed, breast high--a strait ahead--steaming by Balalister
+at seven knots by the log, soundings the deep nine, "Fair Helen" entered
+the gorge, and now rushing down an inclined plain, to the fear of the
+timid, and delight of the stouthearted, double quick did run the "fair
+one," making up for lost time experienced in the "meeting of the
+waters"--through lock gates, up hills, &c., now through an embankment,
+nearing Fort Augustus, and the head of Lochness, down she settled
+between two stupendous lock gates. "What aw-fu' gates!" What work
+bestowed on them--what an enormous depth are they--the wet and muddy
+sides of which beat chilly. Down, "down below," went the "fair one,"
+till she levelled the golden waters of--"O, that lovely lake,"--into
+which she slipped like a fairy elf. After her cold incarceration, "Helen
+the Fair" tripped merrily down the centre of the "fathomless Lochness,"
+the sun breaking, beamed out upon us cheeringly after the chill and hazy
+morning. Like looking-glass did that sun-lit lake appear, stretching
+away before us, losing itself in the distance, bordered by hills and
+mountains on either side, till on the larboard was seen Morrison's
+lonely glen and meandering stream. We neared the bay, sounded whistle,
+and lowered steam. A few minutes more, and off went the Helen McGregor,
+making head like a waddling duck through the valley of golden[F] waters.
+Hush! The mountain sylph is heard in the cabin. Hush! by the powers,
+it's Phillips, warbling the incantation of the wizard of the glen.
+
+          "Farewell to the mountain,
+           And sun-lighted vale."
+
+O, shade of Wilson! the soul of Scottish song. Angler, may you rest in
+peace. On the starboard was observed the "Falls of Fyres," descending,
+perpendicularly, over a craggy precipice--most curious. "Bonny Helen"
+slid smoothly along, till, at the "heel of the evening," we entered the
+last embankment of Caledonia's Grand Canal, just where the beautiful
+river Ness issues out of "that lake," opening into a lovely and fertile
+valley, in the centre of which is a boat upset, an antiquity, covered
+with motley trees. A few minutes more and we were safely landed at the
+quay of the fair and sweet metropolis of the ancient Highlands,
+Inverness, seated on a hill above the river. O, I sigh for the days that
+will never return! High and airy rock, I split upon you twice, steering
+northwise fra' bonny Dundee, through the "Carse o' Gowrie," by Laburnam,
+to famed Dunkeld, on Tay's noble waters; Blair Athol and Fore's Macbeth
+crossed the source of Spay, through a waste and dreary plain, with
+villages far apart, where ran those weirdy thinly kilted lads to see the
+"four-in-hand;" up hill, down dale, and heathered moor we steered, till
+at length we galloped towards the glooming, by the graves of dark
+Culloden's blood-stained field--nearing the city, on went the drag, and
+over a well macadamised road, "knapped" by the hardy highland wight, we
+hurried into Inverness. Alas! this bronchial asthma, that shuts me from
+that fishing. Fond memory brings the light of other days around me.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote E: The Author's trip.]
+
+[Footnote F: There is a kind of slimy weed, of a yellow colour, that is
+produced at the bottom of the lake, which causes that appearance, and is
+injurious to fly fishing in the river.]
+
+
+
+
+SALMON FLIES FOR FORT WILLIAM, &c. &c.
+
+
+The flies to suit the various waters surrounding Fort William are
+generally of a medium size and middling gaudy. The engraved ones in my
+list, for Salmon in general, from No. 2 to 11, will kill well. The list
+for the season for Trout.
+
+No. 1. Light blue body, rib of silver, guinea hen hackle, blue jay,
+topping in tail; wings, teal, mallard, guinea hen rump feather, peacock
+wing feather, and blue and yellow feelers of macaw. No. 9 hook, or BB.
+
+No. 2. A small size fly like the above, varied with black floss body. A
+good sort for the Lochy. Hook C or CC.
+
+No. 3. A fly like the first, varied in the body thus: yellow tag, silver
+tints, and a small topping for tail; a blue mohair joint, then a red
+one, another blue joint, then an orange one under the fly at the
+shoulder, and a blue head. Hook No. 9 or BB; a C for lake Trout.
+
+No. 4. A claret fly, with wings and tail like the first one, varied
+with yellow-brown body and hackle, and ribbed with gold. BB hook, and CC
+for lake Trout, with a bronze head.
+
+No. 5. A fly with grass-green floss silk, ribbed with gold, black-red
+hackle, and blue head; the wings and tail like the first. Vary the body
+with different greens. Hooks from CC up to No. 9.
+
+No. 6. A black body, with black legs, silver tinsel and cock of the
+north rump feathers for the wings; some call it the "copperkeilsey."
+Hook C, CC and B. This is the celebrated Kenloch of Kenloch.
+
+
+
+
+SALMON FLIES FOR THE NESS.
+
+
+No. 1. Body half black and yellow, a jay and purple hackle ribbed with
+silver, orange head, mallard, peacock wing and jungle cock wings. Hook
+BB.
+
+No. 2. Body black hair, orange tag, ribbed with gold and silver, black
+hackle, jay at the shoulder, wings mixed, of guinea hen, teal, two small
+tipped feathers, and two toppings over all a little longer, tail a small
+topping, and a bronze head. Hook B or BB. This will be found a great
+killer in the Ness and Beauley, a beautiful stream at the head of the
+Murray Firth.
+
+No. 3. Body yellow-brown pig hair, ribbed with gold, small, topping for
+tail, red cock's hackle and blue jay, wings of golden pheasant tail,
+mixed with mallard, neck feather, teal, and guinea hen, green parrot and
+macaw feelers, and a black head. Hook No. 9 or B; for low water, C. This
+is a capital fly for either the Ness or Beauley. These, with the painted
+flies, made small, will suit well.
+
+There is a kind of yellowish slimy weed on the bottom of the Ness which
+proceeds from Loch Ness, that is injurious to the propagation of the
+salmon of late years, and it affects the fly fishing considerably, to
+the great disappointment and vexation of the good anglers of the north.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER SHIN.
+
+
+Classic Shin, on whose heath-clad banks and flowing waters the great and
+good fly fishers roam, who never saw "Kelt of Baggit" there--the haunt
+of monarchs of the sea, and shepherd swains that watch His flocks, and
+feed His Dams--the theme of poetess, and the learned. O, "Ephemera," how
+beautifully written is that "Book of the Salmon;" how exquisitely
+delineated that "Ova;" how admirably that "golden fish," which bounds up
+falls and cataracts in that purling "meandering" stream; how charming to
+gaze upon that lovely "Goddess of the Brooks"--the famed Ondine--how
+rightly represented. Oh! excellent "Ephemera"--my good and constant
+friend--the "great and good Will Blacker's" tears (I blush) descend like
+rain through these sky lights, and damp the very sheets my palsied pen
+doth blot. Alas! well-a-day-that noble salmon fishing--what sport! These
+lean and bellows'd sides are winded--this flattened chest, once full,
+now dented--these calves, once plump, now thin and gone--these shins,
+once clad, are now protruding. The "puss" more chronic heaves, yes, I
+still can fish! These cheeks, how pale (their bones "can't grind"), once
+rosy, the pride of more than "Reva's" lovely blooming rose, my blessed
+bosom friend, my wife, whose lamp is trimmed. O, "Ephemera!" friend,
+when shall we meet, with rod in hand, on pure and crystal Shin?--
+
+          "When summer comes,
+           The heather bells entice,
+           Our feet to roam.
+           The mournful dove,
+           Within the dale invites,
+           To peace and love."
+
+O, summer's glorious sun! I await thee, to tan this shrivelled, shorn
+hide. O! come, and regenerate this sapless tree with heavenly warmth.
+
+          My heart's in the Highlands,
+            My heart is not here;
+          My heart's in the Highlands,
+            Chasing the deer,
+          Chasing the wild deer,
+            And following the roe,
+          My heart's in the Highlands,
+            Wherever I go.
+
+I cannot add a fly to the list for the Shin in the "Book of the Salmon,"
+by "Ephemera," except that I submit to the notice of the great salmon
+fishers of Shin those model flies in my list for trial, which, no doubt,
+will kill. I never fished the Shin, although I have been twice near it.
+Mr. Young, of Invershin, the renter of the river, will show gentlemen
+angling there every possible facility, civility, and politeness. The
+"Queen's Gap," in the cruives, is lifted on sabbath days.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER THURSO.
+
+
+The Thurso, famed for its fresh run salmon throughout the year, is the
+most northern river in Scotland. The town of Thurso, in Caithness-shire,
+is the best station, and the route, from Aberdeen to Wick.
+
+The salmon flies for Thurso are rather of a plain and sombre cast,
+varying in size through the fishing months. The river is remarkably high
+and full in the spring, in consequence of the melting of the snow and
+ice, and at that period requires large flies, like No. 12; further on in
+the season they are much smaller in size, like Nos. 1, 2, 3, to No. 11,
+which are capital ones for it, and the other engravings are likewise
+good in low water for the fresh run grilse. Throughout the summer months
+the following are also good for this river:--
+
+No. 1. Body black floss silk, orange tag, tip of gold, small topping for
+tail, black-red hackle, mallard wings mixed with peacock wing, a topping
+over all, and a black head. Hook BB, B.
+
+No. 2. Body claret silk, claret hackle, ribbed with gold, a short
+topping tail, with silver tip, mallard wings mixed with tipped feathers,
+macaw feelers, and a black head. Hook No. 9, or B. This is an admirable
+fly for lake trout, on C hook.
+
+No. 3. Body yellow-brown mohair, red hackle, a short topping for tail,
+ribbed with gold, claret hackle round the shoulder, and mixed wings
+rather grey, and inclined to be gaudy. No. 9 hook, or BB. C, for lake
+trout.
+
+No. 4. A black fly, with yellow head, tail of mohair, black hackle,
+ribbed with broad silver, wings black turkey tail with white tip, varied
+with brown turkey tail. A fly of each is useful. Hook No. 8 or 9.
+
+No. 5. A green fly, both body and hackle, mixed wings rather gaudy,
+ribbed with gold, orange head, topping in tail, varied with a black-red
+hackle, and light green silk body ribbed with gold twist. Hook B or BB.
+
+No. 6. A dark brown fly, brown red hackle and body, ribbed with gold
+twist, and glede wings, varied with brown spotted turkey tail feather or
+mallard, one of each. Hook No. 8 or 9, B for low water.
+
+There is a good deal of guinea hen and teal feathers used in the flies
+of these northern rivers, which appears to be an improvement, with
+jungle-cock and wood-duck.
+
+There is a river issues out of Loch Naver, a short way from the source
+of the Thurso, which falls into the sea in the same direction west of
+the town of Thurso; it has a winding course, and would be a very good
+river for salmon were it well preserved.
+
+There are numerous rivers running into the firths on the east side of
+Sutherland, which produce salmon and fine trout that run up from the
+sea:--the Wick and Helmsdale in Caithness, the Brora near Golspie, the
+Dornoch into which the river Shin flows, Drummond and Loch Clash,
+Dingwall river and lake, and the river Beauley at the head of the Murray
+Firth.
+
+Lord Lovat is the owner of this river, and he is very willing to grant
+permission to gentlemen to fish on sending in their cards.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER ESK.
+
+
+The North and South Esk are rivers of Forfar, falling into the sea near
+Montrose. The North Esk is the best of the two, and affords excellent
+angling for salmon and sea-trout in August and September. These rivers
+may be visited by rail from Aberdeen or Dundee, at the present day. I
+have been told by a gentleman residing at Forfar, that the North Esk was
+sometimes swarming with salmon and grilse to an incredible extent. The
+wealthy proprietor of the river will give instant permission to
+gentlemen to fly fish, information of which he can obtain at the town of
+Montrose, on the Great Northern Railroad.
+
+The flies to suit these rivers are small and plain. A small claret fly
+with mallard wings; a fly with brown body and a furnace hackle, mallard
+wings mixed with blue peacock neck feather, strips of mallard in tail,
+and gold. Hook C or CC.
+
+An orange body fly of floss silk, a black hackle, gold, the wings mixed
+of light and dark mallard, the light feathers are found under the wings
+of the wild drake on the body, the brown copper-coloured ones on its
+back growing down from the roots of the wings, (use floss silk for the
+bodies). A black fly, with silver and black hackle, and teal wings mixed
+with blue peacock neck. Hook C or CC.
+
+
+
+
+LOCH LEVEN.
+
+
+The trout fly fisher staying at Stirling, or its neighbourhood, on the
+Great Northern, will find himself agreeably situated in the centre of
+many beautiful streams, to which he may have easy access. At the town of
+Kinross, by the head of Loch Leven, is a nice station for the lake, and
+at the village of Largo, to fish the river Leven, below which place it
+enters the sea at the mouth of the Firth of Forth. A short distance from
+Largo, near the Promontory, is the town of Anstruther, famous for a
+monument to the memory of "Maggy Lauder." I had the pleasure of once
+seeing it.
+
+On the Edinburgh and Northern line from Stirling, is the town of Kettle,
+on the "River Eden," a good station. There are grilse and sea-trout run
+up it out of the bay of St. Andrew's, in the spring and autumn. Try
+about the town of Cupar, and near its source, at "Auchtermuchty."
+
+The flies to suit it are, hare's ears, black hackles, red hackles, and
+furnace flies, varied in size.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER ALLAN.
+
+
+This is a good stream for trout fishing; it enters the Forth below
+Stirling, just above the town of Aloa. It has an extraordinary winding
+course, flowing through a picturesque country, and famed in poetic lore
+as "Allan's winding stream."
+
+          "On the banks of Allan water,
+             When the sweet spring time did fall,
+           Lived the miller's lovely daughter,
+             The fairest of them all.
+           For his bride a soldier sought her,
+             And a winning tongue had he;
+           On the banks of Allan's water,
+             There was none so gay as she."
+
+Sea-trout and grilse run up the Allan in spring and autumn, which afford
+good sport. The small trout flies in my list suit this river capitally.
+
+A few miles above Stirling there is good fishing up to Loch Katrine,
+commencing below the town of Dumblane, on the Scottish Central Line, and
+fish up to "Callander," on the east of Ben Lomond. Dumblane is famed as
+the birth place of "Charming Jessie," in Burns' poetic muse--
+
+          "The sun had gan' doun
+           O'er the lofty Ben Lomond,
+           And left the red clouds
+           To preside o'er the scene,
+           When lanely I stray'd in
+           The calm summer gla'ming,
+           To muse on sweet Jessie,
+           The flower of Dumblane."
+
+There is another stream that runs down from "Aberfildy" to Stirling, in
+which there is excellent trout fishing. It has a winding course, falling
+over rocks, rushing through gorges, down precipices in its way, where it
+forms deep holes for itself, which in the summer are the haunts of large
+and fine trout.
+
+The flies to suit it are, small dark hare's ears, small black hackles,
+red and black ants, browns, small duns, and hare's ear and yellow, the
+blue blow, the brown midge, and in the spring, the March brown, and
+stone fly, for large fish.
+
+There is a very nice stream running out of "Loch Lomond" into the river
+Clyde, at the town of Dumbarton, in which there are sea-trout in the
+spring and autumn. They take very small dun flies, silver greys and
+black midges, the dark hare's ear, and red hackle.
+
+The picturesque Loch Lomond affords good trout fishing along its
+gravelly shores, and near the islands. There are two flies that kill
+well in it, which are as follows: Black body and hackle, tip of silver,
+wings of the short bronze feathers of the back of the peacock. No. 6
+hook, or _fff_. The other one is, red body, red hackle, and a wing like
+the first, both tailed with two fibres of the feather of the wings. I
+received these two flies from a gentleman, one time when I was at
+Glasgow, who confirmed them as "out-and-outers."
+
+There are fish called Pullen, very numerous in Loch Lomond, the shape
+and size of herrings, which are also numerous in Loch Neagh, in the
+north of Ireland. They sell in Belfast as "fresh water herrings."
+
+When a young man, I denominated Belfast my favorite home, among my dear
+friends of the rod and gun. Newry, in the County of Down, was the home
+of my ancestors. My first crying was behind "Cronebaun" hills, in the
+County of Wicklow, near the "Ovoca," famed for "sweetness" and poetic
+muse of Erin's humble bard, Tom Moore.
+
+Looking over the Wicklow sands, where many a poor fisherman foundered,
+in the village[G] of "Red Cross," was the first sight my "mama" got of
+me; like a cloistered nun, I was covered in a veil, which, they say,
+would always keep me from the "briny depths." Many "crosses" have I had
+since January 14th, 1814, the "hard winter" which corresponds with that
+of last year. Mature years of experience make wise men. Forty and one
+summers having rolled over my head, the dishevelled ringlets of which
+are now sprinkled with "honorable grey"--bashful man, hide your
+blushes--my ruddy tint flies when I tell you, my dear anglers, that my
+sincere desire is to love every good man, as God has taught me. There
+is no one I despise, disposed at all times to revere superiors,
+condescend to those who perchance may be my inferiors, continent to kind
+friends, and forgiving to enemies, if any. Unless we profit by charity,
+all other profit seems void.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote G: The mansion is roofless, says "Rory O'More."]
+
+
+
+
+LOCH AWE AND RIVER.
+
+
+This celebrated lake, on the western side of Scotland, may be
+conveniently reached from Glasgow. There are steam boats sail two or
+three times a week up Loch Fine to Inverary, where there can be every
+information gained respecting conveyances to the inn at Loch Awe, where
+boats and men are to be had. It is a long and narrow lake in places, and
+in summer most cheering and pleasant to the fly fishers resorting there.
+Good angling may be found in the river running by Glenorchy into the
+lake, where it again issues out of it, and is called the River Awe.
+
+It runs with a full and rapid stream, has but a short course, falling
+into the salt water lake, or estuary, called "Etive," opposite the
+island of Mull.
+
+There could be no better river or lake in the kingdom for salmon, were
+it not for the "cruives," that, of course, "weed them all away," the
+proprietor of which is most obliging to grant permission to gentlemen
+anglers who visit it. The purity of these waters facilitates the
+propagation of the salmon wonderfully, were they allowed ingress and
+egress. When the fishing laws are altered, and a reformation made, there
+will be grand fly fishing, as good as can be found in Norway. In the
+neighbourhood of good salmon and trout fishing rivers, the people, whom
+the anglers employ, are very much benefited, and particularly
+innkeepers, on their banks, and in towns where there is not much
+traffic. The angler's heart is "in fishing" wherever he goes.
+
+The salmon and trout flies to suit Loch Awe and river (my memoranda are
+generally correct).
+
+No. 1. An original and most killing fly for salmon:--Body black ostrich
+harl, ribbed with gold, a tag of yellow mohair at the tail, tail a very
+short topping, a rich black-red hackle rolled over the black sparingly,
+and a mallard wing, made to stand well up and apart. Hook BB, or No. 9.
+C for lake trout.
+
+No. 2. A brown body, black hackle ribbed with gold, and grouse wings.
+Hook CC.
+
+No. 3. Bronze peacock body, ribbed with gold twist, black-red cock's
+hackle, and dark brown grouse rump feather mixed with turkey tail for
+wings. Hook BB. C for trout in the lake.
+
+No. 4. A cinnamon fly, with glede wings mixed with jungle cock, and
+ribbed with gold. B hook. No. 9 for the river.
+
+No. 5. A black body, silver tinsel, black hackle, full teal wings,
+yellow head, and tail. Hook B.
+
+No. 6. A dark green fly ribbed with gold, silver pheasant tail mixed
+with mallard for wings, a small topping in tail, and orange head. Hook
+BB, or C.
+
+A blue fly with teal wings and blue hackle ribbed with silver, topping
+in the tail, and red head of mohair, hook B, or BB; and a fly with
+peacock harl body, black hackle, hen pheasant tail wings mixed, and the
+tail of the cock bird. Hook B, or C for trout.
+
+The large trout flies in my list for the season are excellent ones for
+the lake, and Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 11, for salmon.
+
+There is good salmon fishing to be had in Islay, south of Mull. The
+steam boat from Glasgow calls there twice a week. Mr. Campbell, the
+laird, resides in the island, who gives permission, unhesitatingly, to
+gentlemen making application to him.
+
+The river is at the landing place of the steamer; the salmon, which are
+numerous in it, take small gaudy flies--blue body and hackle, brown,
+claret, red, black, and green flies.
+
+There is also salmon fishing to be had in "Jura Isle," a little to the
+north of Islay.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVERS IRVINE, GIRVAN, AND STINCHER, IN AYRSHIRE.
+
+
+In this westerly quarter may be found excellent Salmon and Trout fishing
+in the spring and autumn in these beautiful streams, which can be
+reached from the city of Glasgow every day by rail.
+
+The Stincher is the best for salmon, the flies for which are browns,
+blacks, reds, and greys, all plainly dressed ones. I will describe one
+here, a great favourite of a gentleman friend of mine, Mr.
+Murdoch,--Stephen Blair, &c. At Glasgow, some years ago, on my stay in
+that city; I give his name, as he used to call my flies "mest noble
+flees," and laughed heartily to see the manoeuvring of the hook in my
+fingers.
+
+The body of Mr. Murdoch's fly was in joints of pig hair picked out, and
+at the head a black-red hackle; first, there was a tip of gold, a tag of
+yellow hair, then a joint of orange, a joint of fiery brown, a joint of
+claret, and a joint of black pig hair or mohair, spaniel hair is best;
+the wings a light brown turkey tail feather with white tips, tied on
+topping a little longer than the bend of the hook, a very small topping
+in the tail. Hook No. 8 for high water.
+
+Mr. Murdoch was a native of Ayr, and a keen fisher, and used to speak
+much of his angling in the "waters o' Doon."
+
+From Ayr, the angler may proceed to the lakes of Cumberland, _viā_
+Carlisle, Keswick, and Bowness.
+
+
+
+
+RIVERS OF WALES.--THE CONWAY.
+
+
+There would be excellent salmon fishing in Wales were the rivers
+properly preserved. The Conway (North Wales) is a beautiful stream, and
+it is a great pity it should be neglected; however, I believe it will be
+very soon protected from the nets, &c., as there are a few spirited
+gentlemen in the neighbourhood of Llanwrist and Aberconway, who will
+rent and preserve it for fly fishing only, all the way up from the town
+of Conway to Capel Curig. The salmon flies in my list, made on small
+size hooks, will suit it well, varied according to the state of the
+water; and my list of trout flies will be found admirable for it.
+Information respecting season tickets, and rules of the fishing, may be
+obtained at the Inn at Llanwrist.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER DOVEY.
+
+
+The Dovey is a nice stream, but runs off very soon, like all others
+descending from the mountains. The salmon would be, nevertheless, very
+plentiful in it, as there are many capital large pools for them to
+haunt, if they were allowed to reach them. It is so very much netted at
+its mouth that it cannot be possible for fly fishing to be good. The
+neighbourhood of Machynlleth is the best place to fly fish it. In the
+spring and autumn the salmon flies in the plates will be found admirable
+for it, made on CC hooks, and C for low water. The furnace and black-red
+hackles are excellent local flies, made on C hooks, for summer. Sewen
+take small duns, and the Cochybonddu.
+
+
+
+
+RIVER TIVEY.
+
+
+The Tivey is considered the very best and most prolific river in all
+Wales. It has a long and winding course to Cardigan, and before it
+reaches this place, at Newcastle Emlyn, it is a picture of a river for
+salmon fishing. Lampeter, higher up, is a very good station, near to
+which place are the "Tivey Pools," where the fish lie in low water. My
+list of both salmon and trout flies would be excellent for the Tivey,
+dressed on small hooks.
+
+
+
+
+THE WYE, MONMOUTH.
+
+
+The Wye, at the town of Monmouth, and up towards Leominster, is an
+excellent river for salmon; and the Usk, in the same quarter, is also
+good for salmon and fine trout. The latter river is a very short way
+from the Wye, and may be conveniently reached from Monmouth to
+Abergavenny, close to which town it passes, and enters the mouth of the
+Severn at Newport; the Wye falls into it higher up, at Chepstow. The
+painted flies in the plates will be just the sort for the Wye made
+smaller, and will suit the Usk admirably, dressed smaller still.
+
+There is a local fly or two which I will give, viz.--Body yellow mohair
+bordering on orange, a red ginger cock's hackle long in the fibre rolled
+over it, ribbed with plate gold, a red tail, and light brown turkey tail
+feather with white tips for the wings. Hook No. 9.
+
+Another fly with the same body, and wings of the bittern's neck, two
+feathers should be tied in, and the whole to stand well up.
+
+Another fly, with brown body, brown hackle, brown wings, and tail,
+ribbed with gold. The Dun Palmer, in the Plate No. 7, and the Dun
+Salmon fly, No. 6, made on smaller size hooks, will be found excellent
+ones. Nos. 4, 5, and 10, are also good, the latter for high water. Never
+were there better flies seen for the Welsh rivers in general than these,
+made to suit the state of the water.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER SEVERN.
+
+
+The river Severn has its source in Montgomeryshire, takes a long course,
+passing the towns of Welshpool and Shrewsbury. It is a fine stream, and
+there could be no better one were it well preserved. There is excellent
+greyling fishing below Shrewsbury, but little or no salmon fishing. "Mr.
+Taylor," in his Book on Angling, who was a native of this place, says,
+"that he hooked and killed a greyling in the Severn, below Shrewsbury,
+five pounds weight."
+
+THE RIVER THAME rises in Wales, near Bishop's Castle, and joins the
+Severn below Worcester. It produces excellent fish, particularly trout
+and greyling. Begin to fish at Ludlow, and move down the stream. The
+flies in my list are good for it.
+
+
+
+
+THE TRENT
+
+
+is a good river for greyling fishing, near the town of Newark, on the
+Nottingham and Lincoln Railroad. The flies to suit it are small blue
+duns, cochybonddus, small black hackles, orange duns, red hackles
+without wings, wren hackles, small grouse hackles, ash duns, willow
+flies, blue blows, &c.
+
+The well known Lakes and Rivers of Cumberland are excellent for fly
+fishing, particularly Ulswater for trout, and the beautiful Lake
+Windermere for a fish called Char. These delicious fish take a fly like
+the sea-trout, which they resemble in shape, although much darker in
+colour. A small fly made on No. 8 hook, or No. 6, with puce body and
+hackle, ribbed with silver, the wings of brown mallard, and a tail the
+same feather as the wings; a fly with an orange body, black hackle, and
+mallard wings; another with woodcock wings, orange body, and furnace red
+hackle; a fly with a bronze peacock harl body, rib of gold, black
+hackle, and jay wings, varied with light grey mallard for wings; and my
+list of trout flies for the season will be found excellent for the
+trout in the lakes and rivers.
+
+Bowness, Patterdale, Poolybridge, and Keswick, are all nice stations,
+where men and boats may be had conveniently.
+
+
+
+
+RIVERS OF YORK AND DERBY.
+
+
+The beautiful streams of these counties are excellent for trout fishing,
+and the scenery varied and pleasing throughout. The river Wharf is a
+delightful stream in the neighbourhood of Bolton Abbey, a well known
+place of "Hofland." See his painting of it, which gives a good idea of
+the magnificent scene. Harrowgate, and Harewood Bridge, would be very
+convenient stations for the fly fisher to stay at. The greyling are good
+here, and the small duns, wren, and grouse hackles, do well; the
+Dottrille hackle, and black and red hackle, with yellow waxed silk
+bodies, and starling wing, are good; a small fly with peacock body,
+black hackle, and starling wing. No. 13 hook, or 12. These flies may be
+seen in my list. They will also kill well at Driffield.
+
+
+
+
+THE HODDER.
+
+
+Whitewell is a favourite spot for anglers to meet during the May fly
+season, it is beautifully situated for scenery and sport; my list of
+flies will be found excellent killers in this stream for both trout and
+greyling; there is a comfortable inn here.
+
+
+
+
+RIVERS OF DERBY.
+
+
+Derbyshire is watered by many delightful streams, which abound with
+trout and greyling, the owners of which allow the angler to fish without
+the least hesitation on making application and sending in his card.
+
+The River Dove, at "Dove Dale," is as charming a place for a few days
+fly fishing as any in the County, and is famed for the pleasing
+recollections of the early days of "Walton and Cotton's" rambles on its
+banks. There is an inn at the entrance of the Dale, and Mapleton and
+Ashbourne convenient stations. The flies to suit the Dove are, small
+duns of various sorts, greys, and browns, as described in my list for
+the season, there cannot be better flies for it if made to answer the
+state of the water.
+
+The beautiful river Wye, at the town of "Bakewell," is a capital stream
+for the fly, and many a good angler makes his appearance here in the
+drake season; the winged larva and May fly in the engraving would do
+well on windy days, when the natural May fly did not show itself in
+great numbers; my list for the season will be found excellent ones for
+the Wye.
+
+The Derwent is also another nice fly-fishing stream for trout and fine
+greyling; the best places to proceed to fish would be Baslow and Rowsley
+Bridge, my list of flies will suit it well.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVERS WANDLE AND COLN.
+
+
+These rivers are convenient to London, and are famous for fly fishing:
+they are in general private property, but the owners are very civil in
+granting one or two days' angling on application and sending your card.
+There are two or three places on the Wandle that may be angled in at
+will, about the neighbourhood of Carshalton, and Ackbridge; and on the
+Coln, at Watford and Rickmansworth. The flies to suit the Wandle are
+generally well known, which are--the Carshalton cocktail, dark hare's
+ear, blue and pale duns, little peacock fly, furnace fly, small soldier
+fly, and little black red palmers, the little brown midge and the March
+brown made very small, small black gnat, and red ant, these flies may be
+seen in my list for the season, they cannot fail to afford diversion.
+
+The flies to suit the river Coln, are--the brown Caperer, large cinnamon
+fly, brown-red palmer, and Orl fly with a dun hackle and yellow body,
+the stone fly, March brown, brown grouse hackle, wren-tail fly, large
+red ant, black gnat, and dun drake, a red hackle fly made full with the
+red and grey tail feather of the partridge mixed, bronze peacock harl
+body. Hook No. 8.
+
+The Great Whirling Dun, Red Spinner, the Coachman, and the Large
+Governor flies will be found with those good for the evening, with a
+nice ripple on the water.
+
+The river Itchen, at Itchen Abbas, Hants, is a very nice stream for fly
+fishing, and the Avon at Salisbury Plain, the Kennet, at Hungerford,
+Berks, is also good, and the river Mole at Leatherhead, Surrey, is a
+beautiful stream for fly fishing, in the vicinity of Randal's Park. It
+has been preserved in the park for years, and abounds with large trout.
+
+Whitchurch and Stockbridge are also good places for the fly, in
+Hampshire; and the famed "Lea" at Ware, the resort of many a good London
+angler; the river Stour is another fine trout stream, it receives the
+rivers of Wilts in its course, waters Hampshire, and falls into the sea
+at Christchurch. My list of flies will kill here.
+
+There are many very beautiful rivers in Devonshire for trout fishing,
+which are, the Ex at Exeter and Tiverton, the Ax at Axminster, and the
+Tamar which separates Cornwall and Devon, a very considerable river, in
+which there are salmon and fine white trout in the spring of the year,
+March and April. Launceston would be the most convenient station for the
+tourist angler to fish this fine river.
+
+The salmon in it take small flies, with claret and dark brown bodies,
+ribbed with gold, mallard wings mixed with a little tipped feather, and
+tails of the same; at high water they rise and take more gaudily
+dressed ones, made on B and BB hooks.
+
+I sent the colours to a gentleman to suit this river some time ago, who
+told me it would be an excellent one for salmon, were it well taken care
+of. He made his own flies.
+
+I have also sent fishing colours, hackles, and flies, to suit every
+river, or nearly so, in Great Britain, to gentlemen residing on their
+banks, which has been a great advantage to me in obtaining the knowledge
+of the local flies, but in general my flies have succeeded best in the
+hands of those Fly fishers who have made it their study and practice.
+
+It will be seen that I have not withheld the local flies for each river
+from accompanying my own, and those great anglers who visit Norway will
+find the Salmon flies in the plates most killing, and it will be a great
+advantage to them to have this book in their possession, to give them a
+knowledge of fishing colours, and the various modes of dressing both
+salmon and trout flies, the delineation of which they will see I have
+given to a nicety, having studied from my youth, and learned from my own
+observation.
+
+I have been all my life too fond of fishing, which has been sometimes to
+my disadvantage, but I loved the scenes of woods, green hills, of
+singing birds, meadows, and fresh air, rushing rivers, and above all, to
+look at the beautiful fish jumping to catch the fly on the surface of
+the water.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of Minnow tackle, &c.]
+
+
+
+
+BAIT FISHING.
+
+THE RIVER THAMES.
+
+
+After jumping over old "tower'd" Thames on our way to the south, we now
+return to him to wind up this little chapter on rivers; there cannot be
+a better river for the purposes of trolling, spinning, or bait fishing
+in general, than the Thames, there is not a town on its banks from
+Richmond to Oxford, that does not afford capital angling with the bait,
+and in many places large trout may be caught with the fly in the
+evening, these large trout are very delicious and grow fat on the
+quantities of minnows and gudgeons which they prey upon, and of which
+there are an inexhaustible supply. I have taken a few of them with
+large size blood red flies, brown flies, and large palmers of the like
+colours. The flies Nos. 4, 5, and 7, in the plates, are just the sort
+made a size or two smaller; Hampton Court, Sunbury, Weybridge, and
+Pentonhook, are likely places to rise a fish about seven in the evening,
+and early in the morning from six to eight. A light general rod with
+spare tops for fly fishing, about sixteen or seventeen feet long, with
+reel, and line of sixty yards, would be about the sort I would
+recommend, made of good hickory, or split cane; this sort of rod would
+suit any purpose, either for trolling, spinning, or for barbel fishing
+with the lob worm, &c.
+
+Mr. Stoddart in his "Work on Angling" speaks very highly of worm and
+bait fishing in general.
+
+And "Mr. Salter's Book," is a very good authority for trolling and
+spinning. The greater part of the fishermen and punt men on the Thames
+are capital hands at using the trolling and spinning tackle, so that the
+young angler who desires to become expert at this sort of fishing, can
+easily gain instruction from these civil men; they are also good barbel
+and trout fishers with the lob worm.
+
+There are many good trout caught by spinning, and when bait fishing with
+the lob worm for barbel in places where they would rise and take the fly
+were they let alone, this is the cause of their being so scarce, as
+trout from half-a-pound and upwards will take the worm.
+
+The Thames produces many kinds of fish--trout, perch, barbel, pike,
+roach, dace, carp, chub, gudgeons, minnows, eels, &c. As all these fish
+take the bait in general, I will here give the proper sorts for each,
+with the tackle to suit the purpose, and will show the angler which to
+use to his best advantage in every river he fishes in.
+
+
+
+
+PERCH.
+
+
+The Perch is a very handsome fish, and is best taken with the worm or
+live minnow, the larger size ones take the latter bait well and the
+smaller ones take the brandling and red worms best, using a No. 7 or 8
+hook, and put on two worms at a time; use a small cork float, and as
+many shot on the line as will keep the bait steady about a foot from the
+bottom; use fine tackle in clear deep water, and keep as much out of
+their view as possible; the Paternoster is an excellent tackle for
+taking them, baited with live minnows in rapid waters near the sides of
+weirs, roving with a small live minnow, having a shot on the line of
+fine gut to keep it in mid water. If you know there are pike in the
+place, use fine gymp instead of gut, as these fish are taken in the same
+manner.
+
+
+
+
+BARBEL.
+
+
+The Barbel are strong fish, and require strong tackle to catch them, a
+No. 4 or 5 hook tied on stout single gut, and have a small bullet with a
+hole through it on your line, and a shot about a foot from the hook to
+be stationary, to prevent the bullet from running down on the bait; when
+you have a bite he draws the line through the bullet gently at first let
+him do so for a little, and then strike not too hard. The best bait for
+him is the lob worm well scoured.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of Pike tackle, &c.]
+
+I consider this a famous plan for catching salmon, when they will not
+rise at the fly, in deep running streams. If you can find out where
+there is one lying drop it into the water above him and let it fall
+towards his nose, and he will be almost sure to take it. In low water
+you can throw the lob worm, if well scoured, on a gut casting line, like
+the fly, on a No. 6 hook; moving up the river, throwing it in before
+you, and allowing it to fall gently with the current till you feel a
+bite, raising your hand after allowing time, the same as if it had taken
+the fly; you may wade up the river at convenient places with your boots,
+try Cording's waterproofs, in the Strand.
+
+There is good trout fishing after rains, with the running line, with
+shot attached; use gut hooks No. 7 or 8, and let the bait run with the
+stream gently, keeping the line taut, and when it stops rise your hand a
+little to free it, allowing it to move on again, and when you feel a
+bite wait a little till he takes it, and then strike gently, if a small
+fish pull him out, if a large one play him. The best places to throw in
+are at the sides of streams, in the smooth parts, in eddies, and where
+the current of the pool is breaking off at the foot into another
+stream, and when the flood is subsiding after rain, are the best times,
+using brandling worms and small lob worms. This was my favourite way of
+catching trout when a boy.
+
+
+
+
+PIKE.
+
+
+The Pike is a rough customer (if large) to come across, and the tackle
+which is required to catch him is as rough and as terrible as himself;
+he will take almost anything that is thrown to him if moved in the water
+he haunts. Roving with the minnow using a float, is, I think, the nicest
+way of fishing for him in deep places, but he is oftener taken by
+spinning, or trolling the gorge bait, tackle which is well known to
+every angler.
+
+The pike take the larger double hook gaudy fly, in deep running places,
+beyond the weeds, when there is a stiff breeze blowing and small close
+rain falling, and at no other time will he look at a fly; it is useless
+to try unless in a rapid stream, which is an unusual place for him to
+haunt in general. Autumn is the best time for these fish. When you
+prepare the trolling bait for jack or pike, have a needle to draw the
+gymp through the bait, say a minnow, gudgeon, or dace, putting it in at
+the mouth of the fish and out near the root of the tail; sew up the
+mouth of the bait, and tie the tail part to the end of the hooks, which
+has been often explained before. Throw it in sideways into deep places,
+letting it sink a foot or two, and draw it in pretty quick towards you,
+and when the fish makes a run to take it, give him a little time; when
+your line begins to shiver and shake and he moves off, raise your hand
+and anchor the hook in him; if he is a small one whip him out of the
+water with your stiff and patent line at your feet, if a large one play
+him as you would a salmon, keep his head well up and draw him through
+the weeds if any and gaff him quickly.
+
+The best rods to use for trolling are made of the toughest hickory, as
+the cane often gives way with a large fish; upright rings, and prepared
+silk and hair line, with reel to suit the rod, forty yards, if the place
+you angle in is not very broad, will be sufficient; and when fishing in
+a boat with a salmon rod, if there is a chance of pike fishing in lakes
+when the salmon will not take the fly, using the short top would be
+found stiff enough, that is, when you have not a trolling rod with you
+in the boat.
+
+The large flexible minnow would be a capital bait for jack in lakes or
+deep rivers; and the glass minnow is also good. These fish rush at very
+bright imitations of the natural fish bait best, and a good size white
+trout would be a valuable little fish to throw for him--a large size
+dace is also good. These baits could be preserved in whiskey for weeks.
+They preserve fry and sprats in Scotland in this way for salmon or pike
+fishing. The old fishermen in the north say that "sprats" are the fry of
+the herring. I am persuaded that they would be excellent bait for
+salmon, preserved so as to keep their brilliancy. The Paternoster Tackle
+cannot fail to suit the purpose of those who prefer angling in a punt
+for jack at the sides of large streams near the bank where there are
+alders or willows growing, overhanging the water, with a gravelly
+bottom. Nice plump bright minnows are the best, or large size gudgeons;
+the hooks No. 4 or 5, mounted on gymp.
+
+_Note._--The best trolling rods, spinning, and bait rods, with trolling
+tackle of the strongest sort; minnow tackle, gut hooks, gymp hooks,
+treble and double hooks, gorge and snap hooks, and every sort of the
+best hooks and tackle to suit trolling, spinning, and bait fishing, to
+be had at my shop, 54, Dean Street, Soho, London. Try my spinning trace,
+half twisted and half single salmon gut, mounted with swivels and large
+shot, for large trout or salmon.
+
+
+
+
+ROACH.
+
+
+The Roach is a handsome fish, and when taken of the size of half a pound
+or a pound, are not such bad eating as is said of them. They are very
+bony, it is true, but particularly wholesome. These fish do not thrive
+so well in ponds where they are exceedingly numerous, but in deep
+running rivers, with sandy and gravelly bottoms. They excel in both
+flavour and size. Let the place to angle for them be about four or five
+feet deep, plumb the depth, and allow your bait to be very near the
+bottom. The baits are paste, or gentles. When you begin, throw into the
+place you angle in some ground bait, to bring them together; keep your
+eye to the float, which should be a quill one, and the gut line with as
+many shot attached to it as will carry the float about a quarter the
+length of it out of the water, and strike smartly, but gently when you
+see it move downwards. They bite best in mild dark days. Work the paste
+between the hands (bread without wet), and when rather tough, mix a
+little vermilion with it, they like this best. Let the shot be about
+half a foot or so from the hook, which should be a No. 10 or 12, and
+where there are large ones, No. 8, tied on gut. When I was a little boy
+this sort of angling used to be my favourite amusement, with the running
+bait for trout after a flood.
+
+
+
+
+DACE.
+
+
+The Dace is a lively brisk little fish, and affords much amusement in
+catching him, particularly with very small flies, which he will rise at
+from May to October. They like the rapid streams, along the sides of
+them, and in the middle, they may be seen in shoals. The vicinity of
+Richmond is a very good place to go for a day's Dace fishing with the
+fly. They haunt the same places as the Roach, are taken with the same
+baits, and angled for near the bottom. Hooks No. 12 or 13.
+
+
+
+
+CARP.
+
+
+It is a very difficult matter to catch Carp with the bait, as they are
+most cunning fish to detect at once the deception, and swim away on the
+least sight of the rod or the shadow of the fisherman. The Carp haunt
+the deep parts of gently running streams, and those caught in rivers are
+the best; those that are very numerous in ponds are lean and soft in the
+flesh, and rather insipid. The best plan to angle for them would be
+with a very fine gut line, a No. 9 hook, baited with a couple of small
+red worms or two gentles, thrown into the water where they are, very
+cautiously, and keep well out of sight. Let the bait sink a short way
+from the surface, and draw it gently towards you, using at the same time
+a very long rod, rather stiff. Strike immediately they take the bait,
+gently, and play them as you would a trout on the fly.
+
+
+
+
+CHUB.
+
+
+The Chub is rather a handsome fish when in season, and those caught with
+the artificial fly in many parts of the Thames, are very brilliant and
+pretty to look at; but, unfortunately, they are full of very small
+bones, when cooked the roe is wholesome.
+
+They haunt the deepest pools and rivers under shaded banks overhung with
+trees, the sides of weirs, and in ponds where a small spring runs in and
+out of them, with rather a rocky or gravelly bottom. Autumn is the best
+season for them, although I have caught them with the fly in the Thames
+in summer in good perfection, when fishing for trout. The way to angle
+for them would be to use a quill float, with a No. 8 hook, or larger, a
+gut line, and some shot about ten inches from the bait to sink the
+float, bait the hook with bread paste made red, and made tough in clean
+hands, put on a piece of it the size of a nut, throw in gently, and keep
+out of sight. Good cheese, well worked to make it tough, is also good.
+They will take gentles turned inside out on the hook one over the other,
+and when you have a bite strike rather quickly. They will also take
+grasshoppers, blue bottles, cadbait, and cockchafers; and with red or
+yellow flies, and black and brown palmers in the ordinary way of fishing
+for trout.
+
+
+
+
+GUDGEONS AND MINNOWS.
+
+
+These are very beautiful little fish, and most wholesome food; they are
+the best bait for perch, jack, and large trout, that can be, as I
+mentioned before. The way to angle for them is to have a couple of very
+small hooks tied on hair or fine gut, with a shot or two to carry the
+float off the bottom, say a small quill float, bait your hook with a
+very small red worm, or a piece of a brandling worm; they may be seen
+very numerous in the Thames, along the sides of streams, and in smooth
+running water with gravelly bottom; they afford nice amusement to the
+young angler, and when taken out of the water are remarkably handsome to
+look at.
+
+
+
+
+BAITS.
+
+
+To scour worms:--put them in clean damp moss, changing it in two or
+three days, place them between two layers of it, and choose those that
+are free from knots. The lob worms are found in gardens; brandlings and
+red worms are scoured with the lob worm in the same pot covered at top;
+those found in old tan yards are the best, and may be used without
+scouring. When you use the worms, dip them in cream, which will refresh
+their colour.
+
+The cadis worm or cad bait is excellent for trout fishing, placed on the
+hook double, and cast gently with the wind into the stream, or dropped
+into the water beneath bushes that grow on the banks of pools where
+large fish lie, and are the most likely places. In rivers clearing off
+after floods in the summer they do well, and are also good for perch in
+deep running water. These cad worms produce many of the flies for the
+season after remaining during the cold weather at the bottom rolling
+about, and when the spring and summer appear they change into these
+beautiful insects; before the change takes place, during the winter,
+they form themselves a cover to protect them from the inroads of their
+enemies. Their instinct[H] prompts them to incase themselves like a
+snail in a piece of hollow reed, open at each end, and covered with
+small gravel and little shells, which they attach with a kind of
+glutinous substance to resist the force of the water; they creep on the
+bottom with six legs, and having their little house on their backs draw
+into it at pleasure, and settle amongst the stones like a piece of
+rotten branch or stick. The Trout and other fish feed upon them in the
+winter, when the winged insects are nowhere to be seen.
+
+[Illustration: Paternoster and Barbel tackle]
+
+Showery windy days are generally best for fly fishing, blowing from the
+south, south-west, west, and north; there are but few fish take in east
+winds. When the wind blows warm in the beginning of the season it is
+good for bait fishing, and in autumn mild days are best. In days when
+there is no likelihood of constant rain after clear nights, and a nice
+grey cloud covers the sky, with a good cool breeze blowing to ripple the
+water, this is the time to rise the large trout, and which afford the
+best sport.
+
+          "Full nature swarms with one wondrous mass
+           Of animals, or atoms organized,
+           Waiting the vital breath, when parent heaven
+           Shall bid His spirit blow."
+                                         THOMSON.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote H: Given them by the Great Author of nature.]
+
+
+
+
+THE ART OF
+
+DYEING FISHING COLOURS,
+
+WHICH ARE
+
+PIG'S HAIR, MOHAIR, FUR, & HACKLES, COMMONLY CALLED DUBBING.
+
+
+The great advantage the fly fisher must derive from a knowledge of
+dyeing his colours and hackles is obvious. It affords amusement to the
+enthusiastic fisher to be acquainted with the various shades required
+for making his flies to suit the rivers, and the flies become valuable
+when made of good colours and hackles. Every hackle and colour that is
+used for making a salmon fly must be of the richest dye imaginable, that
+they may show brilliant and good to the fish's eye at the bottom of the
+water, and entice them to rise and take it at the top. The hackles must
+be taken from old cocks, both the neck and saddle ones, as they hold
+the dye best. Wool is not good for the fly, as it soaks the water, and
+is dull and heavy. Pig hair, that next the skin, with the stiff and
+coarse bristles picked and cleared away, and mohair, which is Spanish
+goat hair, a most beautiful brilliant substance for fly making when dyed
+well; white seal's fur, and furs of different kinds of a white colour.
+White hackles are best for yellows, oranges, gold colours, blues,
+greens, &c.; red hackles do best to dye claret, red, or fiery browns,
+olives, and cinnamon browns, &c., and black hackles for sooty olives,
+and tawny colours. When the angler sees a white old cock he should buy
+him to procure his hackles, or a black cock, a grey cock, and old red
+cocks of every hue, all of which are good for dyeing. These also must be
+washed in soap and hot water before being dyed, and the flue stripped
+off, tied in bunches (see the bunch of white hackles in the Plate of
+Feathers, ready for the dye) of proper sizes, and when about to be put
+into the dye-pot, wet them and the hair in hot water.
+
+Provide a small crucible or earthen pot, glazed inside, with an earthen
+handle, to hold a quart of soft water, and before you put in your
+hackles or hair, wash them well, as I said before, in soap and hot
+water. The five principal colours to work upon are blue, red, yellow,
+brown, and black. From the combination of two or more of these may be
+produced every shade required, from the lightest to the darkest, so that
+it only requires some practice, to know the different ingredients to
+use, to become a Dyer of Fishing Colours.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE YELLOW.
+
+
+I will begin with yellow, the most useful colour in general for the
+gentle craft. Put your crucible on a slow fire nearly full of water, or
+say half full, for the first trial. Take a tea cup, and into it put a
+table-spoonful of the best turmeric, pour over it some warm water, and
+stir it well with a clean piece of fire wood; when the water begins to
+simmer in the pot, put in the ingredient out of the cup, and stir it
+well with a piece of stick; have a second crucible, about half full of
+soft water, and boil it, into this put two table-spoonfuls of ground
+alum and one tea-spoonful of crystal of tartar, while these are boiling
+and perfectly dissolved, put into it your hackles or hair, and boil
+gently for an hour or half an hour; take off your pots and enter the
+hackles into the yellow dye out of the liquor into which you put the
+alum and tartar, and boil them very slowly for an hour, taking them out
+at intervals to see the shade you require; if too pale you must put more
+turmeric in, and if too heavy in shade the next trial, put in less, and
+do the same with all colours till you please your own eye. When they are
+the proper colour, take them out and wash them in soap and hot water.
+Draw them evenly through your fingers in the bunch, and let them dry, as
+this keeps them in shape.
+
+There are three or four ways to dye yellow by changing the stuff. Fill
+your pots nearly full of soft water, and put into one the tartar and
+alum, and into the other two or three handfuls of yellow wood, which
+must be boiled slowly for three or four hours; when it is well boiled,
+strain off the liquor from the wood into a basin, and throw the wood
+away; put the dyeing liquor into the pot again, and when boiling take
+out the hackles from the mordant of tartar and alum and put them into
+the yellow dye, let them boil gently for some time till the yellow
+colour has entered the hackles or hair, then take them out and wash them
+in soap and water, straighten them between the fingers, and let them
+dry; take them in the right hand and strike them on the fore-finger of
+the left till they are quite dry.
+
+By boiling two handfuls of fustic and a table-spoonful of turmeric
+together, and repeating the above process, there will be produced a
+golden yellow, which is very good for fly making. There must not be too
+much alum used, neither must the ingredients be boiled too long. Persian
+berries, bruised and boiled slowly, with a spoonful of turmeric,
+produces a good yellow; and an ingredient called weld, boiled as before,
+and adding the alum, is a good dye for yellow,--indeed, the weld is the
+best dye, if care is taken with it.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE BROWN.
+
+
+Put into your dye pot about two handfuls of walnut rinds, or as much as
+it will hold nicely to boil; simmer this slowly over the fire for three
+or four hours, and add a little water to it as it boils away. When all
+the juice of the dye is taken out of the rinds, strain the liquor off,
+put it into the basin, and throw away the rinds; you take two handfuls
+more and boil them in the same way, and add the stuff together in the
+pot; the rinds being thrown away, put your hackles, &c., previously
+washed, into the dye, and simmer them on the fire for four or five
+hours, till you have the proper colour struck on the hackles. The alum
+and tartar need not be added to this dye.
+
+Take out the feathers and wash them well; the walnut roots cut small,
+dye in the same way.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE A YELLOW BROWN.
+
+
+The Saunders' Wood, brought from the Indies, and sold in powder or
+ground mixed with sumach is good, it takes long to boil, adding the
+alum.
+
+A Cinnamon Brown or Fiery Brown may be struck on the hackles or colours
+(pig hair or mohair) by first dyeing them yellow, the same as explained
+in the yellow dye; put the hackles, previously dyed yellow, into the
+liquor of walnut rinds, and simmer them over the fire slowly for three
+or four hours, and leave them in all night, if a dark fiery brown is
+required; the less of the rinds produce cinnamon or yellow brown, the
+roots and rinds of the walnut are the best for the various shades; the
+rind of the alder dyed with alum and tartar is also good.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE BLUE.
+
+
+Fill your crucible three parts full of soft water, and put it on a slow
+fire, at the same time put in your blue ingredients, previously
+prepared, (this is done by dissolving the powdered blue in oil of
+vitriol and water in a stopper bottle for twenty-four hours). If there
+is a very light shade of blue required, put in a couple of
+table-spoonfuls of the blue ingredient, and add to it as the shade may
+be varied at will according to the quantity of the stuff; boil the
+hackles in tartar and alum, say a table-spoonful of each, or rather less
+of the tartar, simmer it on the fire for two or three hours according to
+the process mentioned before; and when the proper colour is produced
+take out the hackles, hair, or fur, and wash them well in soap and hot
+water.
+
+There is a paste blue prepared at the dry-salters all ready for the dye
+pot, take a table-spoonful of it and stir it well up in your pot nearly
+full of soft water, and boil it gently for about an hour (or less), then
+put in your hackles or hair, previously washed and wet going in, boil
+for two hours very slowly and wash off the dye; any shade of blue may be
+had in a very short time by this process; there are two or three
+dry-salters in Long Acre where this paste blue is sold, and any of the
+other ingredients may be purchased at their shops, or at chymists.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE RED.
+
+
+Prepare your dye pot by nearly filling it with soft water; and keep it
+at a scalding heat when the dye stuff is put in, as it must not boil, if
+it is allowed to boil it becomes dull in colour; put into the dye pot a
+handful of finest grape madder, and simmer it slowly over the fire, stir
+well, and prepare the hackles or hair in the alum and red tartar liquor;
+after having boiled an hour slowly, take out a bunch and look at them
+between your eyes and the sun or light to see how they take the dye, if
+too pale there must be more madder added, and allow them to remain in
+the dye all night, simmer them slowly, next day take them out, rinse and
+wash them well, and allow them to dry in the air; mix a table-spoonful
+of cochineal with the madder.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE ORANGE.
+
+
+When orange is desired take a handful of best madder and mix it with a
+spoonful of cochineal, boil it for an hour or two, add too a little
+ground red wood which requires more boiling than the madder itself; dye
+your hackles or stuff yellow first, and dip them into the red dye a
+short time, take them out and look at the shade you have; if too light
+allow them to remain in longer, and you will have darker shades of
+colour, put a little red tartar and ground alum into the dye to assist
+the red wood to strike on the materials, take them out and wash them in
+soap and hot water, and afterwards rinse them in urine which gives a
+lustre and softness to the stuff.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE PURPLE OR VIOLET.
+
+
+First dye the hackles or stuffs blue, and lay them to dry; then, fill
+the dye-pot more than half with soft water, and in the other pot prepare
+the tartar and alum, dip your hackles into this for a little while, and
+lay them on the table till you prepare the red dye; bruise a couple of
+table-spoonfuls of cochineal, and put them into the pot of hot soft
+water, boil for an hour, and put in the blue hackles, and allow them to
+simmer over the fire very slowly to keep them from burning; when you
+have the proper shade, take them out and wash them well.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE CRIMSON.
+
+
+Boil your hackles or hair in a tea-spoonful of alum, and nearly as much
+pure tartar, for an hour; bruise two table-spoonfuls of cochineal, and
+boil them in your clean water; take out the hackles from the alum-water,
+and put them into the cochineal liquor, and boil for two or three hours
+slowly or less, according to the shade you require; then take out the
+feathers and wash them well, and you will have the color desired.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE SCARLET.
+
+
+Boil your hackles, &c., in a little crystal of tartar; procure two
+table-spoonfuls of cochineal, bruise them a little, and boil them gently
+over the fire for an hour or two; take the hackles you have just boiled
+in the tartar, and put them into the dye-pot, and simmer them slowly for
+some time, say half an hour; then take your "spirits of grain,"[I] and
+put into the dye-pot a tea-spoonful or a little more; take them out
+occasionally, and look at them between your eyes and the light, and when
+the right shade is obtained, rinse them and dry.
+
+If you are in a hurry for scarlet, you may drop the particles of
+block-tin into aqua-fortis till they are dissolved, and add a little to
+the scarlet dye; the other is best, as it gives a more brilliant
+shade;--boil slow.
+
+If the extract of bismuth is added to the red liquor of the cochineal in
+a small quantity, it will change it to a purple or violet colour.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote I: Spirits of grain for scarlet,--a quarter pint of spirits of
+nitre, a quarter of an ounce of ammoniac, add half water in a bottle,
+and drop into it half an ounce of block-tin in grains till dissolved.]
+
+
+
+
+CRIMSON RED IN GRAIN.
+
+
+Boil your hackles or hair in a quarter of an ounce of alum, and the same
+quantity of pure tartar, an hour gently; wash them out of this, fill
+your dye-pot with clean water, or as much as will conveniently boil; put
+in an ounce of well-powdered dye stuff they call "grain," with one
+drachm of red arsenic, and one spoonful of burnt wine lees, this gives a
+lustre; wash and rinse well after boiling a short time, and the colour
+is good.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE GREEN DRAKE, FEATHERS AND FUR.
+
+
+Boil your hackles, mohair, or fur, in alum and tartar, a quarter of an
+ounce of each; rinse them well, and put them into the dye-pot, with an
+ounce of savory, and as much green-wood as the pot will contain; (it is
+best to boil off the savory and green-wood first, throw away the wood,
+and boil the feathers in the liquor;) boil gently, and look at the
+feathers occasionally to see if they are the right shade, these give
+the natural shades of yellow green. The quantity of tartar and alum,
+and of dye-stuff is given in this dye; and the preceding which will show
+what must be used in all shades of colour, according to the quality or
+your own taste.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE CLARET.
+
+
+Boil two handfuls of red-wood, or ground Brazil-wood, for an hour, with
+a handful of log-wood; then take a table-spoonful of oil of vitriol, and
+put it into half a tea cup of cold water; and when the dye-pot is a
+little cold, add it to the liquor, stir it, and put it on with the
+hackles or hair, and boil it gently for two hours; take out your
+material, and put it into cold water; add to the dye it comes out of a
+little copperas, and a small quantity of pearlashes, about the size of a
+nut of copperas, and a quarter that size of the ashes; put in your
+hackles or material again, and when the proper shade is obtained, rinse
+and wash well, and finish in urine, which brightens them, and your
+colour is good.
+
+
+
+
+ANOTHER WAY TO DYE CLARET.
+
+
+Take a handful of nut galls and bruise them, put them into the crucible
+and boil them half an hour, add to the dye a table-spoonful of oil of
+vitriol in half a cup of water, put in the hackles and boil two hours;
+then add to the liquor a little pearl ashes, and a piece of copperas the
+size of a nut, boil gently for two hours or as long as required to suit
+the taste of the dyer, rinse and wash them well, the ashes need not be
+used in this dye, but if used a very small quantity will suffice.
+
+Another way:--boil red wood powdered for two hours (two handfuls), and
+then put the hackles in, boil an hour longer, let the liquor cool, and
+put into a tea cup half full of water nearly a table-spoonful of
+aqua-fortis and pour it into the dye, stir well occasionally and keep
+the hackles down, boil for two hours more and rinse off, finish in a
+little urine. If a very dark claret is required lay them in to boil for
+a day and night with a scalding heat.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE BLACK.
+
+
+Boil two good handfuls of log-wood with a little sumach and elder bark
+for an hour, put in the stuff or hackles (boil very gently), bruise a
+piece of copperas about the size of two Spanish nuts, put it in with a
+little argil and soda; take out the hackles and hold them in the open
+air a little, then put them in again and leave them all night gently
+heated, wash the dye well out of them and your black will be fine. The
+argil and soda soften the dye stuff of the copperas, but a small
+quantity must be put in.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE GREENS OF VARIOUS SHADES.
+
+
+The greatest nicety of all is in finding the exact quantity of
+ingredients to put in, so as to prevent the dye stuff from injuring the
+fibres of the hackles, &c.; for the light shades add the smallest
+quantity, and augment it by degrees. Dye the hackles a very light shade
+of blue first, in prepared indigo,[J] as I said before, take a spoonful
+and put it into the dye pot and boil it softly for half an hour. Add a
+very small quantity of alum and tartar to the dye, put in your hackles,
+and boil for a short time; add to the dye a table-spoonful of the best
+turmeric, savoy, or green wood, a little of each would do best, boil
+slowly for an hour, take out the hackles, rinse them, and you will have
+a green: you may have any shade of green by dyeing the blues darker or
+lighter, and putting in more yellowing stuff and less blue when light
+yellow greens are required, boil gently, and look at the hackles often
+to see that they have taken the shade you want.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE LAVENDER OR SLATE DUN, &c. &c.
+
+
+Boil ground logwood with bruised nut galls and a small quantity of
+copperas, according to judgment: you may have a pigeon dun, lead colour,
+light, or dark dun. The ingredients must be used in small quantities,
+according to taste. You may have raven grey, or duns of various shades,
+by boiling with the logwood a small quantity of alum and copperas.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote J: Half a tea cupful of water, and the same quantity of oil of
+vitriol, put into a bottle, the indigo to remain in twenty-four hours to
+dissolve.]
+
+
+
+
+BLUES.
+
+
+Dissolve some indigo in oil of vitriol for twenty-four hours, put a
+couple of spoonfuls in your pot, add a little crystal of tartar, put in
+your hackles and boil, or at least keep them at a scalding heat, or the
+vitriol will burn the feathers, furs, &c., take them out, rinse them
+well, and the colour will be lasting.
+
+If to the above liquor some fustic chips, well boiled by themselves, and
+the juice added, you may then have any shade of the best green.
+
+
+
+
+A SILVER GREY.
+
+
+Boil some fenugreek and a little alum half an hour, put in the white
+hackles, &c., and add a little pearlash and Brazil-wood, boil them
+gently an hour, rinse them, and your colour will be lasting.
+
+
+
+
+A COFFEE OR CHESNUT.
+
+
+Boil the hackles, &c., that have been previously dyed brown, in some nut
+gall, sumach, and alder bark, then add a small quantity of green
+copperas to the liquor, allow it to remain a day and a night in water
+that you can bear the hand in, and all the stuff will enter the
+materials.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE OLIVES AND A MIXTURE OF COLOURS.
+
+
+Olives are dyed from blue, red, and brown, of every shade, according to
+fancy.
+
+From yellow, blue, and brown, are made olives of all kinds.
+
+From brown, blue, and black, brown and green olives are made.
+
+From red, yellow, and brown, are produced orange, gold colour, marigold,
+cinnamon, &c.
+
+See Haigh's Dyer's Assistant of Woollen Goods, for larger quantities.
+
+
+
+
+A CONCISE WAY OF DYEING COLOURS.
+
+
+I will now add the way to dye the colours, for pighair, mohair, hackles,
+&c., in a concise and summary manner, to avoid giving trouble in too
+many words, and the quantities of ingredients I have given before, which
+would be superfluous to mention over so often, and which the dyer must
+know by this time. The great art is in knowing the quantities that each
+dye requires to obtain the exact colour, and this may be known by a
+close observation to the rules I have given.
+
+Fustic and alum water will dye yellow, the hackles dipped three times in
+fresh stuff. Weld, turmeric, and fenugreek, will give a yellow, boiled
+in alum water, and the hackles dipped often, till they are the proper
+colour.
+
+These may be dyed without tartar at pleasure.
+
+Brazil-wood, boiled till you have a strong decoction, strain off the
+juice, then add alum water, boil the hackles in it slowly for a day or
+two, and it will produce good reds. If the colour of the Brazil-wood be
+very strong, there may be reds obtained in an hour's boiling. This is a
+wood which is of a hard nature, and it is difficult to extract the
+colour from it, although a good dye.
+
+A claret may be produced from Brazil-wood mixed with red archil, and
+boiled in the usual manner, dipped in potash liquor, or brilla will act
+in the same way to strike the colour; use hard water.
+
+A fiery brown may be made from fustic and turmeric boiled together with
+alum and a little crystal of tartar, (soft water for this dye), and then
+dip in liquor of potash.
+
+A cinnamon brown may be made with a little madder, or stone crottle,
+boiled with alum and tartar, with a little turmeric to finish it.
+
+A good blue may be had by boiling the hackles with alum water, and add a
+spoonful of the liquid blue; this is done by putting some oil of vitriol
+into a bottle with a little water, and then the indigo, powdered, which
+will dissolve in twenty-four hours, and be ready for use. (I have
+mentioned this twice before, as I am very particular.)
+
+For a purple, dye blue first, then add the red dye, and dip it in
+potash; when the hackles, &c., are left long in the red, it is more of
+a wine purple.
+
+To have a good green, dye blue first, then boil in turmeric and fustic
+bark, with alum and tartar, as usual. You may have any shade of green by
+noticing the process in the dye pot.
+
+To dye an orange, first make it a turkey red with Brazil-wood and alum
+water, then finish with turmeric and fustic till the colour pleases you.
+
+To dye a golden olive, boil sumach and turmeric with alum water, add a
+little potash and copperas, and finish with new turmeric and a little
+potash.
+
+Green olive may be made with a little more copperas and verdigris.
+
+Sooty olive is made by adding to the first a little alder or oak bark,
+and finishing with turmeric and alum water.
+
+An amber may be made with red, and finished with yellow dye; the first
+with stone crottle or madder, and finish with turmeric bark; the yellow
+with alum water. All fishing colours should be dyed yellow first with
+alum and crystal of tartar, but claret.
+
+Claret may be made from Brazil-wood, barked first in alum water, adding
+new Brazil three or four times fresh to the liquor, and simmer slowly
+for a day or two.
+
+A fiery brown may be made from lima or peth-wood, barked with turmeric
+and alum water.
+
+A golden yellow may be had from citrine bark, boiled in new stuff three
+times slowly, bark with alum, and dip in potash or brilla.
+
+All blues may be dipped in potash, to sadden the colour.
+
+A crottle or red orange, boil madder and stone crottle together, and
+bark with alum water; the madder will do if the crottle cannot be had.
+The crottle grows on stones in rocky places, like red moss.
+
+An orange may be had by dyeing yellow in strong liquid three times
+fresh; bark with alum, and dip in potash.
+
+A Green Drake may be made by dyeing a good yellow first, and adding a
+few drops of the blue decoction from the bottle of prepared blue dye,
+this comes to the green drake colour; add a little copperas to make a
+green dark or light, as you please.
+
+A golden olive may be made by dyeing brown red hackles in fustic and a
+little copperas, and dipped in potashes, finished in turmeric and alum;
+you will have a sooty olive by adding but very little of the turmeric
+root.
+
+A sooty olive may be made by dyeing black hackles in yellow first with
+alum water, add fresh yellow stuff three times to the dye pot, and dip
+them in potashes.
+
+A wine purple may be made from light dyed blue hackles, put them in the
+red dye of madder, Brazil, or cochineal, and dip them twice in potashes.
+
+Liver-coloured hackles may be had from brown red hackles, barked with
+alum, and boiled in Brazil-wood juice, dipped in liquor of potash.
+
+A bright olive may be made from fustic and oak bark, adding a little
+turmeric and alum water.
+
+A fiery cinnamon may be had from yellow dye, Brazil juice, and madder
+mixed, boil these well, and add a little turmeric with alum.
+
+A golden crottle may be made from stone crottle and yellow dyes with
+turmeric and alum water. The stone crottle is best for all golden
+colours, but as it may not be easily got at, use madder instead; golden
+orange may be had from the above, adding a little potashes, and boil
+very slowly.
+
+A pea green may be had by dyeing yellow first, and add a few drops out
+of the blue dye bottle, till it comes to the shade, it may be darkened
+to a leek or bottle green.
+
+A stone blue,--bark the hackle with alum, and add to the alum water as
+much of the prepared dye out of the bottle as will make it dark enough,
+this may be easily seen from the appearance of the liquor in the dye
+pot.
+
+A Prussian blue is done in the same way, keeping out the indigo, and
+adding the Prussian blue.
+
+Dip a red into potashes and you have a light wine purple; blue and red
+dye is best.
+
+Dip a good yellow in potashes, well boiled and stir, and you will have
+an orange. A little tartar is good for all colours but black.
+
+Sumach, logwood, iron liquor, and copperas, will form a black. Boil a
+small quantity of copperas with logwood, and it will dye gut properly.
+
+A tawny cinnamon may be dyed from stone crottle or madder, mixed with
+turmeric, alum, and a little tartar, these must be gently boiled in
+fresh stuff, adding a little copperas.
+
+
+
+
+THE MATERIALS NECESSARY FOR ARTIFICIAL FLY MAKING.
+
+
+The necessary articles used for fly making in general are as follows:
+Those feathers that are of a most gaudy hue are best for the wings of
+salmon flies, which are golden pheasant feathers, cock of the rock, the
+crest of the Hymalaya pheasant, the blue and yellow macaw, the scarlet
+macaw, red macaw, green parrot's feathers, particularly the Amazon
+parrot tail, the scarlet Ibis, blue king fishers, and chattern, the
+splendid Trogan, the Argus pheasant, the bustard, red parrot, and the
+Bird of Paradise; the wood-duck feathers (try the cock of the north
+feathers, black hackle, white body, and gold); the jungle cock; the
+spotted turkey, brown, light, and dark feathers; brown mallard, or wild
+drake; teal feathers; heron feather, black and blue; glede or kite tail
+feathers; grey mallard, widgeon, and shovel duck; various dyed and
+natural cock hackles; grouse hackles; guinea hen hackles, the rump and
+back feathers; silver pheasant, cock and hen bird tail, wings, and body
+feathers; yellow toucan feathers; blue jay feathers, and the wings of
+the jay for trout flies; peacock feathers, off wings, tail, and body;
+black ostrich feathers, and the white ostrich for dyeing all colours for
+the heads of flies, &c., with floss silk of every shade; gold and silver
+twist, and plate of different sizes; pighair, mohair, furs, &c.
+
+The materials for small trout flies are, mohair, furs of every colour,
+water rat, fitch, squirrel, mole's fur, hare's ears and neck furs, mouse
+and common rat fur, martin's fur, sable fur, black spaniel's hair off
+the ear, black bear's hair for tailing the drake, and all white furs
+dyed of various shades, such as yellow, yellow-green, gold, orange,
+cinnamon, light duns, &c; starling wings, grouse feathers, snipe wings,
+woodcock wings, thrush and blackbird's wings, fieldfare wings, wren
+tails, tomtit tails, bunton lark wing, skylark wings, sparrow wings,
+landrail wings, water-hen wings, water-rail wings, partridge tails and
+hackle feathers, brown hen wings, tail, and body feathers, dun hen
+wings, &c.; dun cock hackles, dun hen hackles, dottril wings and
+hackles, and all dun, brown, and grey feathers that can be found on
+every bird that flies are useful for imitating the natural insects;
+tying silks of every shade, yellow and orange being the favorites; hooks
+of sizes, and silk-worm gut.
+
+And now to wind up the line. I humbly beg to say that if I have deceived
+the friends of the rod in anything, they have a right to be indifferent
+with my profession of friendship, and ought to retain a sensibility of
+my misfortune; my conscience is clear it is not so, for I know that I
+would deceive myself were I to think that I could do without my
+admirable friends of the angle--without me they could do--but I value
+their worth, as in hope I rest, although they say "hope told a
+flattering tale." I am not deceived by flattery, be it far from us; I
+dislike deceit. I have hid nothing; I have done my endeavours in this
+book to show the youths of the angle, as well as the great fly fishers,
+all I know about the matter so far, and as the Chinamen say, that "time
+and industry convert a mulberry leaf into a silk shawl," so perseverance
+will be the means of the fly maker's success, if he allows himself an
+opportunity of accomplishing that which he requires to know and to
+perform, and at the same time neglect not to prepare for the "coming
+struggle," it will be his own fault if he does not become a skilful
+angler, &c. I will therefore consider myself highly honoured if the
+young gentlemen of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, appreciate my
+labour, and to be enabled, by the natural genius they possess,
+descending from Him who visited us through the "Orient" from on high to
+enlighten our understandings in every good, to find out the information
+they desire in the perusal of these pages.
+
+
+FINIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
+
+Book uses both pearl-ash and pearl ash; salmon-fly and salmon fly.
+Varied hyphenation was retained. Text also uses archaic spelling,
+"scissars".
+
+Page vii, "cloured" changed to "coloured" (buff-coloured fur and)
+
+Page viii, "surperbly" changed to "superbly" (superbly painted to suit)
+
+Page viii, "Britian" changed to "Britain" (any river in Britain)
+
+Page 15, "growse" changed to "grouse" to match rest of usage (grouse
+hackle prepared)
+
+Page 23, "pains" changed to "pain" (with a little pain)
+
+Page 36, word "to" added to text (next to the root)
+
+Page 75, "woodcook" changed to "woodcock" (woodcock or wren grackle)
+
+Page 148, "hymalean" changed to "Hymalean" (hen Hymalean pheasant is an)
+
+Page 166, "Arklaw" changed to "Arklow" (Arklow, on the river Ovoca)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c., by 
+William Blacker
+
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+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Blacker's Art of Flymaking, by William Blacker.
+    </title>
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c., by William Blacker
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c.
+       Comprising Angling, & Dyeing of Colours, with Engravings
+              of Salmon & Trout Flies
+
+Author: William Blacker
+
+Release Date: April 2, 2011 [EBook #35752]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLACKER'S ART OF FLY MAKING, &C. ***
+
+
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+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Emmy and the Online Distributed
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+
+</pre>
+
+<h1>BLACKER'S,
+ART OF FLY MAKING, &amp;c.,</h1>
+
+<div class='tnote'><h3>Transcriber's Notes:</h3>
+<p>Clicking on any of the plates but the first (FLY FISHING) will provide the reader with a larger version for more
+detail.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+
+<div class='copyright'><br />
+ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL.<br />
+<br />
+
+<br /><br />
+LONDON:<br />
+PRINTED BY GEO. NICHOLS, EARL'S COURT,<br />
+LEICESTER SQUARE.<br />
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="frontis" id="frontis"></a>
+<img src="images/i_005.jpg" width="500" height="362" alt="FLY FISHING" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 386px;"><a name="titlepage" id="titlepage"></a>
+<img src="images/i_006.png" width="386" height="700" alt="Title page" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class='center'>PATRONISED BY H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT.</div>
+
+
+
+<h1>BLACKER'S,
+ART OF FLY MAKING, &amp;c.,</h1>
+
+<div class='center'>
+COMPRISING ANGLING,<br />
+&amp; DYEING OF COLOURS,<br />
+<br />
+WITH ENGRAVINGS<br />
+OF SALMON &amp; TROUT FLIES<br />
+SHEWING THE PROCESS<br />
+OF THE GENTLE CRAFT<br />
+AS TAUGHT IN<br />
+THE PAGES.<br />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+
+<div class='center'>
+WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF<br />
+FLIES FOR THE SEASON<br />
+OF THE YEAR<br />
+AS THEY COME OUT<br />
+ON THE WATER.<br />
+<br />
+REWRITTEN &amp; REVISED<br />
+BY THE AUTHOR<br />
+BLACKER, HIMSELF,<br />
+FISHING TACKLE MAKER<br />
+OF 54, DEAN ST, SOHO,<br />
+LONDON.<br />
+<br />
+1855.<br /></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents">
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>Page.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Preface</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Art of Fly Making</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An Easy Method to make the Trout Fly</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>An Easy Method of making a Plain Salmon Fly</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To make the Trout Fly, in the best and most approved method</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To make the Palmer, or Double-Hackle Fly</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>How to make the Salmon Fly, as shown in the Beautiful Plate of Engravings on Salmon Hooks</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Process of making the Gaudy Salmon Fly</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To make the Winged Larva</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A Catechism of Fly-Making</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Trout Flies for the Season</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flies for March</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flies for April</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flies for May</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flies for June</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flies for July</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Flies for August</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Fishing Rods and Fly Fishing</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Fly Fishing for Salmon</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span>An Account of the Salmon, and its Varieties</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Salmon Fry</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_100">100</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A Description of the Fifteen Salmon Flies Engraved in the Plates</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_104">104</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Spring Flies</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_117">117</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Salmon Rivers</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Tweed</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Shannon</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Lakes of Clare</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Lakes of Killarney</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lough Curran, Waterville</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Connamara and Ballynahinch</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ballyna</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ballyshannon</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_145">145</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Rivers Bush and Bann</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Bann</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_156">156</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lakes of Westmeath</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_163">163</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Lee, at Cork</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_169">169</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Salmon Rivers in Scotland</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_170">170</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Tay</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_171">171</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Dee and Don</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_176">176</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Spey</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Findhorn</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_179">179</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rivers and Lakes adjacent to Fort William, on the Caledonian Canal</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_180">180</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Salmon Flies for Fort William, &amp;c.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_186">186</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Salmon Flies for the Ness</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_187">187</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Shin</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_189">189</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Thurso</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_191">191</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span>The River Esk</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_194">194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Loch Leven</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_195">195</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Allan</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_196">196</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Loch Awe and River</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_200">200</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Rivers Irvine, Girvan, and Stincher, in Ayrshire</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_203">203</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rivers of Wales.&mdash;The Conway</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_205">205</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Dovey</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_205">205</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Tivey</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_206">206</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Wye, Monmouth</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_207">207</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The River Severn</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Trent</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_209">209</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rivers of York and Derby</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_210">210</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Hodder</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rivers of Derby</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Rivers Wandle and Coln</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_212">212</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bait Fishing.&mdash;The River Thames</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_216">216</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Perch</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_218">218</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Barbel</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_219">219</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Pike</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_221">221</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Roach</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_224">224</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Dace</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_226">226</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Carp</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_226">226</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Chub</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_227">227</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Gudgeons and Minnows</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_228">228</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Baits</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_229">229</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Art of Dyeing Fishing Colours</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_232">232</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Yellow</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_234">234</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Brown</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_236">236</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye a Yellow-Brown</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_237">237</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span>To Dye Blue</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_238">238</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Red</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_239">239</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Orange</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_240">240</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Purple or Violet</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_241">241</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Crimson</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_241">241</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Scarlet.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_242">242</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Crimson Red in Grain</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_243">243</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Green Drake Feathers and Fur</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_243">243</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Claret</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_244">244</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Another way to Dye Claret</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_245">245</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Black</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_246">246</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Greens of various Shades</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_246">246</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Lavender or Slate Dun, &amp;c.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_247">247</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Blues</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_248">248</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A Silver Grey</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_248">248</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A Coffee or Chesnut</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_249">249</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>To Dye Olives and a Mixture of Colours</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_249">249</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A Concise way of Dyeing Colours</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_250">250</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The Materials necessary for Artificial Fly Making</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_256">256</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I know not how to apologise for submitting
+a Second Edition of this little Book to
+the notice of the Angling few, after the
+appearance of so many by clever writers,
+except the many calls I had for it, and a
+sincere desire of improving farther upon a
+craft that has not hitherto been clearly promulgated
+by a real practitioner; consequently
+my great object is to benefit and
+amuse my readers, by giving them something
+practical, which at the present time may be
+particularly wanted by those who love to
+make their own flies, whose wants, without
+doubt, will be found sufficiently supplied in
+this book; the tyro will appreciate it as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span>
+valuable to him, and the senior angler who
+may, perchance, be in possession of it, and
+who may be singularly fond of making his
+flies, and amusing himself dyeing the hackles
+and colours, &amp;c., will, I am persuaded, consider
+it a treasure.</p>
+
+<p>My endeavours have been unceasing for
+many years past, in striving to please the
+great Salmon Fishers and Trout Fishers of
+this Country, and I must confess that my
+labours have not been in vain; they have
+generously conferred upon me their very kind
+patronage and good will, benefits for which
+I hold them in very great estimation. Under
+these circumstances, I have taken much pains
+to write the book in a befitting manner to
+suit their tastes and purposes, although my
+inability in many instances has been an
+obstacle, nevertheless with all my faults I
+claim the title of Fisherman, an humble and
+unimportuned name which no reasonable
+dispensation can deprive me of.</p>
+
+<p>From my boyhood, I took great delight in
+ranging along the banks of the beautiful and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span>
+romantic streams of my native land, Ireland;
+and having also been for many years a skilful
+Fly Fisher of no little commendation, in both
+Great Britain and Hibernia, it is my desire to
+impart to the world, plainly and easily, the
+knowledge I have acquired, that all those
+who wish to become masters of the art,
+may, by patience and practice, and a close
+adherence to the instructions I shall lay
+down, derive the fullest benefit from my
+experience.</p>
+
+<p>I have endeavoured in the following treatise
+on Fly-making, to divest the subject, as far
+as possible, of all technicalities and superfluities;
+at the same time, I have entered into
+such full details in the construction of the
+Fly, that by adopting the process I have
+pointed out, and following the instructions I
+have given, the aspirants to the art of Fly-making
+may speedily become proficients.</p>
+
+<p>In this little book there will be found
+nothing imaginary, but it is purely written
+from the practice of angling, so that I may
+without scruple, justly entitle it <span class="smcap">The Art<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span>
+of Fly-making, Angling, and Dyeing
+of Colours</span>. It is also interspersed with
+many useful remarks that will no doubt
+agreeably entertain my readers.</p>
+
+<p>No man has taken such pains to improve
+upon the angler's craft as I; on every article
+in the whole range of fishing tackle I have
+made some improvement on rods, flies, lines,
+reels, and tackle of every sort; and in these
+pages have left a lasting memorial of my
+handicraft to the fly-fisher, from whom I
+have hidden nothing that might retard him in
+his progress, and who will appreciate it for
+the great deal of matter propounded in little
+compass to prevent incumbrance; that the
+lovers of fly fishing, which has superior
+claims, may have an opportunity of keeping
+it in their side pocket,&mdash;to be convenient and
+handy when on their piscatory excursions, the
+exercise and variety of which will be found
+advantageous to the health, and the calming
+of the mind&mdash;things not to be purchased;
+enjoying at the same time the harmonious
+notes of the warblers of the grove, and musing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span>
+upon the diversity of the prospects around,
+while straying along the beautiful streams
+and vallies of this delightful country.</p>
+
+<p>The list of flies I have given, will be found
+very valuable, and the tyro will take great
+delight in imitating these flies necessary for
+use, and suiting the colours exactly to each,
+keeping to their symmetrical forms as they
+appear with his light materials. This beautiful
+branch of fly-making, peculiarly my own,
+cannot fail to perfect the angler who is
+scientific and ingenious, the result of which
+will be never-failing success.</p>
+
+<p>I have added to the art of fly-making full
+instructions, and the most approved receipts
+for dyeing mohair, pighair, feathers, and other
+materials most useful and appropriate for
+imitating the natural flies and stuffs the most
+killing for Trout and Salmon; and which
+will retain their brilliancy through all the
+vicissitudes to which they may be exposed.</p>
+
+<p>To bring the Engravings of the flies to
+the greatest perfection, I have stood at the
+elbow of the artist who executed this part of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span>
+the work, that they might be turned out
+exact to my own models, which renders them
+and the descriptions more intelligible, as the
+shade in the fibre of each feather is shown in
+the plate, in the clearest and finest manner
+imaginable, that it may be properly seen
+how these artificial flies are constructed,&mdash;the
+resemblance of those beautiful ones, the
+productions of the Great Author of Nature,
+that Trout and Salmon do love to feed upon.</p>
+
+<p>I have also given the principal rivers of
+England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, with
+the flies best adapted to each, which will
+enable the fisher to have all things in readiness
+on his arrival at their localities, and
+sally out on the finny tribe fearless of disappointment;
+and for the younger branch of
+anglers, I have shown the various sorts of
+fish, with the tackle and baits best adapted
+to catch them.</p>
+
+<p>The catechism of fly making which I have
+introduced will be found very curious and
+instructive to the young beginner, and will
+afford him every opportunity of retaining<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span>
+the whole process, that when rehearsed in
+the mind, and perfectly understood, he may
+apply, with more certain facility, the hand
+to both material and hook.</p>
+
+<div class='sig'>
+<span style="margin-right: 5em;"><span class="smcap">Published by the Author</span>,</span><br />
+WILLIAM BLACKER,<br />
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<i>At 54, Dean Street, Soho,<br />
+1855.</i><br /></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 306px;">
+<img src="images/i_019.png" width="306" height="500" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v_2" id="Page_v_2">[v]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>List of Plates.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Plates">
+<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'>Plate</td><td align='right'>Page</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>1.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Blacker Fly-fishing</td><td align='right'><a href="#frontis">Frontispiece.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>2.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'><a href="#titlepage">Titlepage.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>3.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>An easy method to make the Trout-fly</td><td align='right'><i>opposite</i> <a href="#Plate_3">3</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>4.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>An easy method of making a Salmon-fly</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_4">8</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>5.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>The best method of making a Trout-fly</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_5">13</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>6.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>To make the Palmer's</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;<i>to face</i> <a href="#Plate_6">20</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>7.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>How to make the Salmon-fly</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_7">23</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>8.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Process of making the Gaudy Salmon-fly</td><td align='right'><i>opposite</i> <a href="#Plate_8">30</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>9.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>The plate of Feathers</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;<i>to face</i> <a href="#Plate_9">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>10.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>To make the Winged Larva</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_10">42</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>11.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of Six Flies Catechism</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_11">46</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>12.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of 15 Trout-flies</td><td align='right'><i>opposite flies for March</i> <a href="#Plate_12">57</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>13.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of 16 Flies</td><td align='right'><i>opposite</i> <a href="#Plate_13">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>14.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of Larvas and Green Drakes</td><td align='right'><i>opposite</i> <a href="#Plate_14">78</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>15.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of Gaudy Flies, Nos. 1, 2, 3,</td><td align='right'><i>opposite</i> <a href="#Plate_15">105</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>16.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of three Salmon-flies, Nos. 4, 5, 6,</td><td align='right'><i>opposite</i> <a href="#Plate_16">108</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>17.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of four Flies, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_17">110</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>18.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Large Spring Salmon-fly</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_18">116</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>19.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of 7 Flies and Salmon</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;<i>to face</i> <a href="#Plate_19">145</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>20.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of Minnow tackle, &amp;c.</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;<i>to face</i> <a href="#Plate_20">216</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>21.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Plate of Pike tackle, &amp;c.</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_21">221</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'>22.&nbsp;</td><td align='left'>Paternoster and Barbel tackle</td><td align='right'><a href="#Plate_22">230</a></td></tr>
+</table><br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/deco.png" width="200" height="24" alt="" title="" />
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+
+<div class="hang1"><i>An Extract of a Review of William Blacker's Art of
+Fly Making, &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c., taken from "Bell's
+Life in London," April 8th, 1855.</i></div>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">The Art of Fly Making, Angling &amp; Dyeing
+of Colours. By W. Blacker</span>,&mdash;Mr. Blacker has been
+a celebrated trout and salmon angler from early boyhood,
+and he is known to be the best maker of trout and salmon
+flies alive. We have never seen such flies as his, for
+naturalness of shape, appropriateness of colour and for
+beauty and solidity of finish. In making flies he has<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi_2" id="Page_vi_2">[vi]</a></span>
+"caught a grace beyond the reach of art," and this he
+exhibits in the <i>Sanspareil</i> work before us. It contains no
+fewer than seventeen engravings on steel and copper, of
+trout and salmon flies, in every stage of fabrication, from
+the whipping of hook and gut together to the finishing of
+the head. These engravings, every plate crowded with
+figures, are executed after his own models and under his
+own <i>Surveillance</i>, and carefully and beautifully coloured,
+he standing, as he says, "by the artist's elbow." They
+contain coloured representations of hackles, wing-feathers,
+fur, silk, tinsel, in their natural state, and prepared for
+forming the artificial insect. His profusely illustrated
+instructions for making salmon-flies are entirely original
+there being nothing at all like them in any work extant,
+and he must be a dull scholar indeed, who shall not, after
+brief study of them, become his own salmon fly dresser.
+Mr. Blacker withholds no secret and spares no pains in
+developing by the aid of pen and pencil his own method,
+and we consider it the best, of making artificial flies for
+every variety of trout and salmon. He gives numerous,
+well-tried recipes for dying feathers and all other materials,
+the colours necessary for the successful operations of the fly-maker.
+He points out how rods are best made, the best
+sort of winches, lines and hooks, and proves himself a safe
+guide to the purchaser. He teaches how the rod, and line
+and flies, are to be used&mdash;the art of casting with them, how
+a river is to be fished, and how a fish, whether trout or
+salmon, is to be struck, hooked and landed. He describes
+the best trout and salmon rivers in the empire, the right
+season for fishing them, and gives an illustrated list of the
+flies, stating the materials of what they are to be made,
+that kill best on them. On flies, favourites of his from
+experience, he dwells with pleased and pleasing minuteness,
+and for the first time discloses how the "winged larva," a
+deadly invention of his own, is to be constructed. Never,
+was a book more honestly and conscientiously written. It
+glows with deep-felt enthusiasm for his art, and with a
+generous desire of revealing everything that pertains to the
+perfect acquisition of it in all its branches. It is a work of
+great labour and long pains-taking, unique at all points, and
+no one could have written it but a practical angler of long,
+passionate, and devoted experience in the capture of salmon
+and salmonid&aelig;, and of <i>ne plus ultra</i> perfection in the art of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii_2" id="Page_vii_2">[vii]</a></span>
+making artificial flies, and concomitant fishing tackle. The
+work is published by himself, at 54, Dean Street, Soho, and
+we recommend it more earnestly than we have ever done
+any other work of the sort."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<div class='center'><i>An Extract from "Bell's Life," April 29th, 1855.</i></div>
+
+<p>"I shall copy a few of Mr. Blacker's patterns as given in
+his recently-published and very valuable work, entitled <i>Art
+of Fly Making, &amp;c.</i> He is by far the best flymaker I have
+ever known, and his opinions on flies and fly-fishing deserve
+the attention of us all. In the book just named he says of
+the Yellow Sally:&mdash;"This is the forerunner of the green
+drake or May-fly. The trout take this little fly freely if
+made after this description:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Body, buff-<ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'cloured'">coloured</ins> fur and a small yellow hackle for legs round the
+head; wings of the buff-coloured feather inside the wing of the
+thrush. Hook, 13."</p>
+
+<p>"Several ways of imitating the May-fly. First, Blacker's, as given
+in his Art of Fly Making:&mdash;The body of this beautiful fly is made of
+yellow green mohair, the colour of a gosling newly hatched, and
+ribbed with yellow-brown silk, a shade of light brown mohair at the
+tail, and a tuft of the same at the shoulder, picked out between the
+hackle, the whisks of the tail three black hairs, three-quarters of
+an inch long; the hackle to be dyed a greenish buff (dye, according
+to my recipe, a silver dun hackle with bars across it, called a cuckoo,)
+or a light ginger hackle bordering on yellow. The wings, which
+should be made full, and to stand upright, are made of mallard's
+feathers dyed of a greenish buff, or yellowish shade; a brown head
+of peacock harl tied neatly above the wings on a No. 6 hook. The
+wings may be made of the tops of two large dyed mallard's feathers,
+with fibres stripped off at the butts of the stems, tied back to back.
+These feathers stand up well and appear very naturally in the
+water. Large-sized ones kill well in lakes, with bright yellow mohair
+bodies ribbed with gold twist.</p>
+
+<p>"Second way, from A Handbook of Angling.&mdash;Body, bright yellow
+mohair, or floss silk, ribbed sparingly with light bronze peacock harl;
+wings, mottled feather of the mallard dyed a pale yellow green.
+They are to stand nearly erect, and to be slightly divided. Legs, a
+couple of turns of a red-ginger hackle; tail, three hairs from the
+rabbit's whisker. Hook, 5, 6, and 7.&mdash;Another way: Body, yellow-brown
+mohair; wings, mallard's feather dyed yellow, and black head;
+legs, yellowish hackle; tail and hooks as before. During the season
+of the May-fly, should the weather be gloomy, with a strong warm
+wind, I would angle with three flies on the casting-line of different
+sizes, and of colours slightly differing, buff, yellow, and yellow-green,
+and one of them made buzz. The largest fly should be used as the
+stretcher; the smallest the upper bob."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii_2" id="Page_viii_2">[viii]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<div class='center'><i>An Extract from "Bell's Life," April 1st, 1855 "The
+Ondine" in the Book of the Salmon, by "Ephemera,"</i></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Gold tip; tail, small, brilliant topping, light blue tag; body, blue
+peacock harl, closely ribbed with fine gold twist; two joints of green
+trogan feather, and one of red orange hackle under the wings, and
+over their butts blue jay; wings, a careful mixture of fibres of bustard,
+silver pheasant, yellow and blue macaw teal, guinea-hen and golden
+pheasant tail and neck-feathers, surmounted by a topping; feelers,
+blue and yellow macaw, and bright peacock harl, head. Hook, No.
+7 and 8. This waterwitch, sculptured originally by Blacker, is properly
+called "Ondine." The first time I saw it I nearly lost my senses,
+and was upon the point of becoming its victim.</p>
+
+<p>"The May-fly and Phelim Rhu are best made by Blacker, of Dean
+Street, Soho; Phelim is one of his many good inventions. Dressed
+on the smallest sized grilse hook, it will on dark days and evenings,
+and in full water kill sea trout and large common trout in every
+locality. See a celebrated claret fly plate No. 4, page 108."</p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<div class='center'><i>Prince Albert's Letter to the Author, enclosing</i> &pound;10.</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Nearly eleven years have rolled by, since I sent a copy of the first
+edition of this work to His Royal Highness Prince Albert, who
+conferred upon me much honor by a favourable reply to it, at that time
+I took great pains to illustrate it with specimens of the most costly
+and beautifully executed salmon and trout flies imaginable, many of
+which were worth a guinea a piece. In this new edition for 1855
+I have given numerous copperplates of these excellent killing flies
+<ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'surperbly'">superbly</ins> painted to suit the rivers of Ireland, Scotland, England,
+and Wales; such choice specimens are they that I think salmon and
+trout will not refuse them in any river in <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Britian'">Britain</ins>, they are models
+of gracefulness, and will prove very attractive to the finny tribe, they
+are all general favourite flies of mine, and of the great salmon and
+trout fly fishers of the present day. The angler should never fail to
+try them wherever he roamed in rivers known or unknown to him,
+and succesful experience has given me an opportunity of recommending
+them with the greatest confidence, they have killed fish when
+they have been half gnawed away, and as a fisherman I look upon
+them with admiration although they are the work of my own fingers,
+I think I will not say amiss if I predestinate that the real enthusiastic
+fly fishers, nine out of ten, will be in love with them.</p></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>THE LETTER.</div>
+
+<div class='blockquot'><div class='right'>
+"Buckingham Palace, May 7th, 1844.<br />
+</div>
+
+<p>"Mr. Anson is commanded by His Royal Highness
+Prince Albert to enclose Mr. Blacker a cheque for ten
+pounds for the Work on Angling which accompanied his
+letter, the receipt of which he will have the goodness to
+acknowledge."</p></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE ART OF FLY-MAKING,<br />
+
+ETC., ETC.,</h2>
+
+<div class='center'><span class="smcap">By</span> WILLIAM BLACKER.</div>
+
+
+<p>To give something that will convey a
+durable and correct idea of Fly-making,
+Angling, and Dyeing of Colours to my pupils,
+is what I aim at, and desire they should
+understand: for when they are inhaling the
+fresh breezes on the river's bank, observing
+with delight the varied tints and delicate forms
+of the winged insects skimming the surface,
+and the sportive trout, pitching over and over,
+taking them down, this is the time, no doubt,
+when far from the din of a busy town they will
+thank me for my trouble in directing their
+attention to the proper shades, which is the
+most essential of all things in the Art to be
+considered. The amusement and pleasing
+recollections of the Fly-fisher, (when studying<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span>
+the various colours and materials necessary for
+the formation of the artificial fly&mdash;those fanciful
+ones which salmon take so freely, and the
+imitating, if possible, by the aid of these
+materials, those beautiful ones in Nature), will
+be infinitely more pleasing than can be well
+comprehended by a careless observer of the
+craft. Many a pleasant hour may be spent,
+that otherwise would prove tedious, when
+confined to quarters of an unfavourable day,
+far from home, looking over your dubbing
+book and tying a fly. It gives relief to the
+uneasy mind by calming the disorders that
+disappointments may have caused, and by
+cheering the hearts of those who pursue it as a
+relaxation and enjoyment. The recommendations
+on Angling are without number, and
+there is nothing can delight the heart of the fly-fisher
+so much as to see the fish rise at the flies
+on the surface of the water, and their beautiful
+appearance when landed on the bank; this,
+with the varied scenery which the windings of
+the river presents to the imagination, as you
+roam along, are inducements that cannot fail
+to gratify the admirer of sportive fish and
+rushing streams.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 377px;"><a name="Plate_3" id="Plate_3"></a>
+<a href="images/i_027-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_027.jpg" width="377" height="600" alt="AN EASY METHOD TO MAKE THE TROUT-FLY." title="" /></a>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I have seen, in days when the fish are not
+in the humour of taking, a fly tied neatly near
+the tint, somewhat gaudy, will unquestionably
+entice them to rise, and will decidedly be more
+advantageous than fishing without plan. In
+days when the natural flies are most numerous,
+the trout will not take the artificial fly so freely;
+on the contrary, when these insects are rarely
+to be seen, if the angler can find the colour
+that is then prevailing, and imitate it, his
+success will be considerably increased.</p>
+
+<p>In these pages will be found descriptions of
+Flies that will kill well in every river and lake
+in the United Kingdom. And those in the
+"Hand Book of Angling," and the "Book of
+the Salmon," by the celebrated "Ephemera,"
+will also be found excellent throughout the
+Kingdom.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>AN EASY METHOD TO MAKE THE TROUT FLY.</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>(<i><a href="#Plate_3">See Plate.</a></i>)</div>
+
+
+<p>The tyro will provide himself with a dubbing
+book, containing numerous compartments, to
+hold feathers, furs, pig hair, mohair, hackles,
+wing feathers, silk, tinsel, scissars, pliers, knife,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>
+and every other article necessary for fly-making&mdash;all
+of which may be procured at my
+Shop, 54, <span class="smcap">Dean Street, Soho</span>, with <span class="smcap">Rods</span>,
+<span class="smcap">Reels</span>, <span class="smcap">Lines</span>, <span class="smcap">Gut</span>, <span class="smcap">Hooks</span>, <span class="smcap">Artificial Baits</span>,
+and every denomination of <span class="smcap">Fishing Tackle</span>,
+of the most superior quality in <span class="smcap">London</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Having laid out your materials on the table,
+seat yourself by a good light, and proceed as
+follows:&mdash;Take a piece of fine silk, and pin one
+end of it on your knee, take the other end
+between your left fore-finger and thumb, and
+with the right, take a small piece of shoemaker's
+wax, well tempered, and rub it all over
+the silk, keeping it tight in your left till it is
+all covered with the wax, rub it well on the end
+you are about to tie on the hook with, to keep
+it firm, for it will be found a very great object
+to use the wax throughout the making of the
+fly, as with the working of the tying silk it
+rubs off with the hand. There is a very
+beautiful silk of all colours to be had on spools,
+which ribbons are made of, that works very
+finely on the hook; when you wax it, take
+two or three folds of it, and pin it evenly on
+your knee, as before (or hold it between your
+teeth and twist it), twist it gently between your<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>
+fingers a little so that you can wax it well, provide
+a piece of leather about an inch wide and
+an inch and a half long, double it, and lay a
+piece of nicely tempered wax between the folds,
+flatten it, and when you wax the silk, take the
+leather between your fingers, open the edge of
+it, and rub the wax on the tying silk in the
+same way as before, and you will not break the
+silk so easily, or dirty your fingers with the
+wax. You now take the hook by the bend in
+the left fore-finger and thumb, give two or
+three turns of the silk round the shank, flatten
+the end of the gut a little, which keeps it from
+drawing off, and tie it on underneath about
+half way down the hook firmly, this done, lay
+on a little varnish with your pencil. Take a
+piece of finer silk to make the fly with, and
+fasten it near the end of the shank, do not bring
+the silk to the extreme end of the shank to
+leave room for the wings, as they are apt to
+slip over on the gut if tied on too near. You
+strip off two pieces from the woodcock or
+starling wing, and lay them together evenly
+at the points, that the wings may be double
+when tied on (see the Trout-fly wing cut out of
+the woodcock feather, in the Plate), see that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>
+you do not make the wings too long when tying
+them on, let them be a little longer than the
+bend; press them tightly with your nails on the
+hook where you tie them on, and do not clip the
+ends of the wings with your nails, which gives
+them an unnatural appearance, but whether
+you lay them on first, or tie them on the
+reverse way and turn them back, make a judgment
+of the proper length; you now tie the
+wings on the reverse way at the end of the
+shank, with two or three rolls of the silk, give
+a running knot over it, and clip off the refuse
+ends of the roots of the feather; now before
+you form the body or tie on the hackle, turn
+the wings up in their place with the thumb
+nail of the right, and divide them in equal
+parts with a needle, draw the silk in and out
+between them, take a turn or two over the
+roots to keep them firmly in their place, and
+fasten with a running knot behind them next
+your left; then tie on the hackle, to suit the
+size, by the root (the soft flue previously picked
+off), close to the wings on its back, and give
+a knot over it, take the hackle by the point in
+your pliers, and roll it over the shank close
+under the wings two or three times on its side,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>
+keeping the outside of it next the wings, then
+draw it (the hackle) right through them, let the
+pliers hang with the point of the hackle in
+them at the head, and take two turns of the
+tying silk over it, fasten on the end of the
+shank which was left a little bare, cut off the
+silk and hackle points, give another knot or so
+to secure it before so doing, and lay on a little
+varnish at the head; now tie on a piece of fine
+tying silk opposite the barb on the shank, take
+two fibres of a mallard feather and tie them on
+about three-eighths of an inch long for tail, to
+extend over the bend of the hook, and with
+one knot tie on a piece of fine floss silk about
+three inches long to rib the fly; mix a little of
+the hare fur with yellow mohair, and draw a
+small quantity of it out of the lump with the
+right hand, take the hook by the bend in your
+left, lay the silk and hair over the end of the
+third finger, the hook being held in, twist the
+silk and hair together and roll it finely to the
+shoulder, give a running knot or two with the
+silk close to the hackle, take care to have a
+little more of the fur next the shoulder to
+make the body nicely tapered; you may continue
+to make the body from where you rolled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>
+on the hackle first, and fasten at the tail, and
+roll the hackle over it if the fly is to be of a
+long description; tail your fly, and tip it with
+tinsel, and with two running knots finish
+opposite the barb, at this point before you
+finish, wax your silk well, and touch with your
+varnish pencil: if there are any fibres of the
+hackle or of the wing, or the hair standing in a
+wrong direction, clip it off with your scissars,
+and your fly is completed. You may tie on
+floss silk or peacock's harl for the body the
+same as the mohair; and you can perceive
+that you may finish at the tail or at the shoulder,
+according to fancy&mdash;do not lose sight of
+this plan.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 354px;"><a name="Plate_4" id="Plate_4"></a>
+<a href="images/i_034-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_034.jpg" width="354" height="600" alt="An easy method of making a Salmon Fly." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>AN EASY METHOD OF MAKING A PLAIN SALMON FLY.</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>(<a href="#Plate_4"><i>See Plate.</i></a>)</div>
+
+
+<p>Tie on the salmon hook to a length of twisted
+gut or loop (see the gut and hook tied on in
+the Plate of Salmon Hook, No. 1) firmly with
+strong marking silk well waxed, and lay on a
+little varnish; then take two pieces of turkey
+tail feather of equal size, or mallard feather,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>
+according to the colour of the wings you intend
+to make (see the turkey tail and mallard wings
+prepared, in the plate of feathers), tie them on
+the reverse way, a little longer than the bend
+of the hook where they are turned up (see the
+wings tied on the reverse way, Plate VII., on
+Salmon Hooks); these are tied on as the trout
+fly wings just described, and when turned up
+appear like the wings of plate No. 1, in an
+easy method of making a salmon fly&mdash;in this
+plate may be seen every thing necessary in
+making a plain salmon fly&mdash;these flies will be
+found good killers a great way up rivers from
+the sea. You hold the hook by the bend, and
+tie in the hackle at the head of the fly by the
+root end, and the tinsel to rib it in like manner
+(see the hackle tied on and the tinsel, Plate II.);
+about the same place where the hackle is tied
+on, tie three or four harls of the peacock's tail,
+twist them round the tying silk, and roll it
+down to the tail, and fasten with a running
+knot (see the body of Plate II.) the tying silk
+is now left hanging at the tail, where may be
+seen a small portion of the harl left cut, to
+shew where it was fastened; you roll the tinsel
+over the body to the same place and tie, three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>
+turns of the tinsel is sufficient; you then take
+the hackle by the end in your right hand, and
+roll it sideways in rotation with the tinsel,
+twisting it in your finger and thumb as you
+turn it over, to keep it slanting from the head,
+tie it in at the same place with a running
+knot, and clip off the ends of the hackle; you
+may tie in a short tail at this place, wax your
+silk, and finish with two or three running
+knots, cut off the tying silk, and touch them
+with a little varnish, to keep them from slipping&mdash;press
+down the hackle between your fingers
+which slants it to the tail&mdash;as the hackle is
+run over the body from the head to the tail of
+this fly, it will appear in the formation of the
+body (Plate III., on Salmon Hooks); when the
+fly is made with the hackle only struck round
+the shoulder, take two or three turns of it
+under the wings, and tie it in there (see Plate
+III., in an easy method of making a Salmon
+Fly). The body may be seen in this fly with
+the tinsel rolled over it, and tied in at the tail;
+a piece of the harl, tinsel and silk left to shew
+how it is done. The tinsel and harl are cut
+off, and with the tying silk, which is seen
+hanging, tie on a tail of topping, or mohair,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>
+feather of macaw, mallard, or any other to suit
+the taste or colour of the fly; you may tie on
+an ostrich harl, or peacock's harl, head like
+Plate I., where the tying silk may be seen
+hanging: the three flies on this plate, which
+are correctly engraved, will be found most
+valuable to the young beginner; and it is an
+expert method for the salmon fisher, when in a
+hurry, to make a fly or two for immediate use.</p>
+
+<p>When you wish to mix plain wings without
+dividing, tie them on first at the end of the
+shank, and form the head like No. 1 in this
+plate, which I think is the neatest of any, and
+suits best in rivers not very full of water. If
+you notice this plate correctly, it will be seen
+to correspond with the shape of the natural
+dragon fly; and as this fly, of various hues, is
+reared at the bottom of the water, it must be
+an alluring bait for the salmon and large trout;
+for when it first leaves the element of its birth,
+and proceeds to the banks of the river in a
+very feeble state, directly it receives strength it
+commences skimming the surface, preying upon
+the insects flying in the air at this time, and,
+when it comes weakly out of the water, the
+fish, no doubt, take it freely.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There is another sort of fly that proceeds
+from the water, about the size of the flies on
+this plate, the body of which is of the colour
+of the blue feathers on the peacock's neck
+exactly, its legs are a dark brown colour, almost
+black, hanging long, and few of them; the
+wings, which stand upright on its back, or I
+may say, its head and shoulders, for the head
+and wings at the roots, and legs spring all out
+of the one lump which is very thick here in
+comparison to its beautiful slender body of
+many joints; the wings, I say, are a bronze
+brown with a moon in all the four like the
+peacock's tail feather, which in the artificial fly
+would be just the colour mixed with a little
+drake feather; there are some of them all
+brown, and some with bright green bodies, and
+blue green as above; all these beautiful insects
+must afford food for the fish. This of course
+accounts for the artificial representation in use,
+and it cannot be denied that they take them
+for natural ones, which the fly-fisher, according
+to fancy, forms most fantastically, varying on
+most of the rivers.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 373px;"><a name="Plate_5" id="Plate_5"></a>
+<a href="images/i_041-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_041.jpg" width="373" height="550" alt="The best method of making a Trout-fly" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>TO MAKE THE TROUT FLY, IN THE BEST AND<br />
+MOST APPROVED METHOD.</h2>
+
+<div class='center'><i>(<a href="#Plate_5">See Plate with Picker</a>).</i></div>
+
+
+<p>The reader will lay out his materials before
+him on the table, which consist of hook, gut,
+wings, hackle, feather for tail, body of fur, floss
+silk, or peacock harl, silk to rib it, wax, tying
+silk, &amp;c., all things now ready, proceed as
+follows:&mdash;Wax a piece of fine China silk, about
+a foot in length; if it is spool or ribbon
+silk, twist two pieces together, and take one
+end between your teeth, twisting with your
+fingers and thumbs, not too much; take the
+other end in the left, and wax it up and
+down till it is covered with the wax all over;
+you may pin it on your knee as in the first
+plan, and wax it; take the hook by the bend
+in the left hand, say a No. 6 or 7 to begin with,
+placing your silk just waxed on the shank
+under your left thumb nail, and give two or
+three turns of the silk towards you, flatten the
+end of the gut a little, and tie it on to the
+hook about half way down the shank, at the
+same time hold the gut and hook tightly
+between your nails, and shift it as you go up<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>
+or down, on the hook shank with the tying
+silk; the hook firmly tied on, take out one of
+the wing feathers of the hen pheasant, and cut
+out of the centre of it two equal pieces to
+compose the wings, (see the piece cut out for
+the trout fly wing in the plate of Feathers), you
+lay these two pieces together even at the points,
+take them between the nails of the right hand,
+place them on the end of the shank between
+the finger and thumb of the left, and give two
+or three turns of the silk over them tightly,
+winding the silk towards you, cut off the roots
+of the feather slantingly with your scissars, as
+this swells the fly at the shoulder when forming
+the body; the wings are now tied the reverse
+way, (see No. 7 Plate, at the sign of the
+"picker.") The three flies at top of this plate
+I will explain, when I show how the wings
+are turned back in their place. You now turn
+the hook in your fingers and hold it by the
+head, and of course you roll the tying silk
+from you; form the tail, body, and hackle,
+while holding your hook by the shank shift
+it in your hand till the nails are opposite
+the barb, where you tie on a tail (see Plate VII)
+You now draw a little mohair or fur out of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>
+piece lying on the table, and lay it along the
+tying silk sparingly, twist it round the silk,
+and roll it up to the shoulder, or nearly so, and
+give a running knot; take a small hackle and
+cut it at the point (see hackle at the bottom of
+this plate), or, instead of cutting it, draw it
+back a little with the fingers, as you may see
+the <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'growse'">grouse</ins> hackle prepared in the plate of
+feathers, or hackle cut at point in the plate of
+feathers; tie the hackle on at the centre of the
+body at the point where it is cut, and give a
+running knot, and to fill up the space between
+that and the shoulder, roll on a little more fur,
+and give a knot with the silk; wax your silk
+occasionally, as it wears off; you now turn the
+hook round in the fingers and hold it by the
+bend; this turning of the hook is the most
+curious and convenient part of it; the hackle
+appears standing on the fly, as in Plate II., or V.
+You take the hackle by the end in your right
+hand, and roll it up to the shoulder in a slanting
+direction, giving it an extra turn or two at the
+head, as you see Plate VII., tie it down, and
+cut off the stem of the hackle; take the fly
+between your finger and thumb, keeping the
+fibres of the hackle under them out of the way<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>
+while you turn up the wings; you now divide
+them in two with a needle or "picker," turn up
+the off side one first and tie it down, then the
+one next you, and turn the silk in and out
+between them, to keep them asunder; you then
+draw all under your finger and thumb, and with
+the tying silk, give two turns over the ends,
+which forms a head, and finish on the small
+bit of hook left at the head, take a turn or two
+of the silk round the gut to guard it, and take
+two running knots; the fly now appears as
+Plate IV., press the fly between the fingers
+which slants the hackle towards the tail.</p>
+
+<p>As this is a valuable plate of flies to work
+upon, I will here commence with Numbers 1,
+2, 3, and then 5 and 4, these two latter flies
+are bodies of gaudy sea-trout ones, or grilse
+flies. The wings are tied on last of the
+three first flies&mdash;you hold the hook by the bend
+in the left, and tie on the hook, gut, and tail,
+as you see in Plate I.; you then place on a
+little mohair to form the body, as in Plate II.;
+before you reach the shoulder you tie in the
+hackle, as No. 2, and leave a little of the end
+of the hook to receive the wings, and let the
+silk hang at the head; you now take the hackle<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>
+by the end in your right, and roll it slantingly
+on its side or partly on its back, placing the
+third finger of the hand, the fly being held in
+against the hackle at each roll till you come to
+the shoulder, take a turn of the silk over it
+cut off the stem, and give a knot; let the silk
+hang at the place you are about to tie on the
+wings, the fly now appears as Plate III., and
+in this plate you may perceive the right length
+the hackle ought to be for the size of the hook;
+you then cut off two pieces from the starling
+or woodcock wings, and lay them together to
+make the wings of the fly full, and to appear
+double when finished, or a piece of mallard
+feather, like the wings of Plate IV.; you now
+hold the fly between the fore-finger and thumb
+nails of the left hand, close to where you see
+the silk hanging (Plate III.), tie on the off side
+wing first, holding tight by the nails to keep it
+on the top of the shank so that it will not turn
+round with the silk, wax your silk here, keep
+the middle finger of the left against it while
+you take up the other wing, and tie it on in
+like manner on the near side; this plan makes
+a division in the wings. You must endeavour
+to keep them tight on the end of the shank, or<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>
+they will fall over on the gut, but by holding
+tight with the nails, and drawing tightly with
+the tying silk, you may soon prevent mistakes,
+and use every thing sparingly to prevent clumsiness
+or you will never get on. Now cut off
+the ends of the wings closely, and finish with
+a turn or two, and a running knot or two at
+the very head, and the fly will appear like the
+finished fly, Plate IV., lay on a little spirit-varnish
+at the head, which keeps it firm&mdash;(this
+varnish you may procure at the oil and colour
+warehouses, or at doctor's shops, that which is
+used for rods is best.)</p>
+
+<p>Now for the two Plates V. and VI.:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>When the hook and gut is neatly tied on, as
+Plate I., you take a hook, size of the above two,
+and a hackle to suit; you hold the hook by the
+bend in the left, and opposite the barb where
+you see the silk hanging at No. 1, you take a
+piece of tinsel, tie it on, and give two or three
+turns just immediately below where you tie in
+the tail (see the tip of tinsel below the tail,
+Plate V.), take an ostrich harl and roll it on
+for tag, which you will see just above the tip of
+tinsel, then tie on a topping above that, as you
+may see, then the piece of tinsel to rib the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>
+body, which you may see extending longer than
+the tail; you now take a piece of floss silk, fine,
+and form the body of it from the tail to the
+shoulder, as you see the taper body of Plate V.,
+and during the interval tie in the hackle on the
+centre of the body, at the point where the silk
+is hanging to receive the wings; take the end
+of the hackle in your right (first roll the tinsel
+as the body of Plate VI.) finger and thumb,
+and roll it slantingly over the body in rotation
+with the tinsel, as you see in this latter plate,
+and tie it down at the end of the shank, leave
+the silk hanging as in this plate, touch it at
+this place with varnish; you may wing it with
+turkey or "glede" (kite's) tail feather, mallard,
+&amp;c., like the plate of the plain fly, opposite
+No. 7, or like the wing of the gaudy Irish
+salmon fly immediately under that number at
+the bottom of the plate, (I mention these two
+flies in this manner to distinguish them from
+the plate on Salmon Hooks). These two are
+models of a plain, and gaudy Irish fly; the
+delicacy of the body of the gaudy one, as the
+silk and tinsel is so finely wrought between
+each joint of harl and hackles, is beyond compare;
+and the wing is finely mixed, although<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>
+not so perfect as the beautiful engravings of
+the twelve salmon flies.</p>
+
+<p>Before I begin the gaudy salmon fly, I will
+here show how the palmer is made, in two or
+three ways.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 371px;"><a name="Plate_6" id="Plate_6"></a>
+<a href="images/i_050-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_050.jpg" width="371" height="600" alt="TO MAKE THE PALMER OR DOUBLE HACKLEFLY." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO MAKE THE PALMER, OR DOUBLE-HACKLE FLY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>You tie on the hook firmly as before, and
+prepare two hackles for the fly, as you may
+see in the plate of Feathers, two hackles tied
+together at the roots, which keeps them on
+their sides evenly while rolling them on; you
+hold the hook by the shank in your left hand,
+tie in the hackles, the inside downwards, that
+when tied on and finished, the outside of the
+feathers appears to the eye (see the hackle tied
+in at the points, and the body and tinsel rolled
+on, at the bottom of the plates of Trout Flies for
+the season); tie in the tinsel to the body, and
+the peacock's harl, or mohair, or floss silk, to
+form it, at the same place&mdash;turn the hook in
+your fingers, and hold it by the bend; take
+the harls in your right hand, and roll them up
+to the head, or mohair, or your floss silk in the
+same way; take a turn of the tying silk over,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>
+with a running knot, clip off the ends of the
+harl, (leave a little of the end of the shank of
+the hook bare to finish on, or you will not be
+enabled to roll the two hackles neatly up to
+this place). Next, roll the tinsel over the harl,
+and tie, slope it as you go up; then take hold
+of the hackles in your right hand, and roll them
+over the body close beside the tinsel slopingly,
+taking care at the same time to keep the third
+or middle finger of the hand the fly is held in
+tight against them at each turn, and roll them
+closer as you go up to the shoulder, pull them
+tight here, and if there are any fibres left on the
+stem of the hackle that are superfluous, pull
+them off, still keeping your finger against them,
+and holding hard the hook; now take a roll or
+two of the tying silk over them and the knots,
+give the stem another pull to tighten them, and
+clip it off, tie down the head neatly with two
+running knots, and varnish it; press the fly
+between your fingers to slant the hackles downwards;
+and if any of the fibres of the hackles
+stand the wrong way cut them off, although, if
+they are rolled evenly together on their sides
+or back, you will turn the fly out correct,&mdash;see
+the beautiful Palmer in the plate, with the hook<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>
+tied in on the back, which is a perfect model,&mdash;these
+hooks are tied together on the same piece
+of gut first, and then make the fly over them.
+It is difficult to perform this job until you know
+how to make a palmer on a single hook.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 354px;"><a name="Plate_7" id="Plate_7"></a>
+<a href="images/i_055-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_055.jpg" width="354" height="600" alt="How to make the Salmon-Fly" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p>The foregoing is my favorite way of making
+a palmer, but you must be proficient before you
+can manage it well. I will here show how it
+can be made in a very easy manner, when you
+are able to handle the materials, and tie on
+nicely. When you have the hook and gut
+neatly tied on, take two hackles, and tie them
+in at the end of the shank by the roots on their
+back, tie in the peacock harl and tinsel to rib
+it at the same place; holding your hook of
+course by the bend in the left hand, take hold
+of the two hackles in your pliers by the points,
+and when the tinsel and body is rolled on, turn
+the hackles over the body close with the tinsel
+on their backs slopingly, till you reach the tail;
+here let go the pliers, and they will hang with
+the ends of the hackles still in them, till you
+take two turns of the silk over them, clip off
+the ends of the hackles, and tie it neatly with
+two running knots, lay on a little varnish; the
+fly will look rather rough in this method when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span>
+finished, but with a little <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'pains'">pain</ins> you will soon
+accomplish it; press down the fibres with your
+fingers, and cut away the superfluities. You
+should have a palmer ready made before you
+always while making this fly, which will facilitate
+you in your progress.</p>
+
+<p>When you find it difficult to place on the
+hackles first while you are making a fly, pull off
+one side of the fibres, and lay two evenly together,
+and draw them back at the points where you tie
+them in, as the hackle in the plate of Feathers,
+and roll them always slopingly over the body
+to the shoulder, on their edge with the outside
+of them next the head; and, according as you
+come up to the end of the shank, roll them
+closer, which makes the fly appear full there,
+press them well down with your fingers, (see
+the three-hackle, or Palmer Flies for Trout,
+7, 8, and 9). The hackles of these three flies
+are beautifully struck.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>HOW TO MAKE THE SALMON FLY, AS SHOWN IN<br />
+THE BEAUTIFUL PLATE OF ENGRAVINGS<br />
+ON SALMON HOOKS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Reader, you will have an idea of the sorts of
+materials you require for the different processes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>
+on each hook in the plates, as the models were
+tied by me in strict proportion, and are most
+exquisite engravings: You take a piece of
+twisted gut to form the loop on the fly, double
+it over a needle, or "picker," to form an eye,
+and pare off the ends slantingly to lie nice and
+even when tied, as you may see in Plate I. on
+Salmon Hooks; wind your waxed silk round
+the shank of the hook about four or five times,
+before placing on the gut; hold the hook in
+the left hand near the end of the shank, lay
+the gut-loop underneath, and hold on between
+your finger and thumb tightly, to prevent it
+turning round when you lap the tying silk over
+it, and keep shifting your fingers down the
+shank out of the way of the tying silk in its
+progress to the tail, which you will see in
+Plate I. You now draw out a small piece of
+yellow, or red mohair, keep it tight between
+the nails and tie it on, first tip the fly immediately
+under the tail, as in Plate I.; you make
+it even with your scissars at the point, as that
+tail is seen; you now take a piece of yellow or
+orange floss silk, and lap it from the tail about
+two-eighths of an inch up to where you see the
+hackle and tinsel tied in, Plate II.; after having<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>
+tied the hackle and tinsel on as you see it there,
+(you may draw the point of the hackle back, as
+the hackle prepared in the plate of Feathers,
+instead of cutting it at the point, as you may see
+also the hackle cut, in the plate of Feathers).
+You now shift your finger and thumb up the
+body a little, and just where you finished the
+knot over the floss silk twist a little pig hair
+round the tying silk sparingly, and roll it over
+the shank to the head, or within the eighth of
+an inch of the head, as you may see in Plate II.;
+you now take the two pieces of tinsel in the
+right hand and roll them up slopingly to where
+the silk is hanging, Plate II., and whip it down;
+you next take the stem of the hackle in the
+right hand, and roll it evenly beside the tinsel
+on its side, or partly on its back (this is done by
+giving the stem a gentle twist in your fingers)
+till you bring it to the head where there may
+be two or three extra rolls of it given to make
+it full at the shoulder, or where you tie on the
+wings, (see the hackle, beautifully rolled on
+from tail to shoulder, Plate III). You now
+take a piece of mallard feather, stripped off
+with your nails, and press it small at the end
+of the roots where it is to be tied on, (see<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>
+the Mallard Wing prepared in the plate of
+Feathers); you strip another piece like it, and
+lay them even together; you take the other two
+pieces in like manner and do the same, so that
+each wing, when tied on, will be double; you
+now take the fly, Plate III., in your hand between
+the nails close to the shoulder, and wax
+well the piece of silk that hangs here; you
+take up one wing and lay it on at the off side,
+and give two whips of the silk over it tightly,
+holding on at the shoulder well with the left
+hand, to keep the wing from turning round
+under the belly; you now take up the near side
+wing, and lay it on in like manner, whipping it
+twice over, and then a running knot, (see the
+Mallard Wings, tied beautifully on, Plate IV.);
+and in that plate you see the root ends projecting
+over the loop, cut them off, and finish it
+with three or four turns of the silk, and two knots,
+close to the root of the wings to make all even.</p>
+
+<p>I will now proceed to show how the other
+three flies are formed&mdash;5, 6, and 7.</p>
+
+<p>These may be termed middling gaudy, and
+are famous for the rivers in the north of
+Scotland, or the clear waters of Ireland. You
+perform the operation of tying on the hook<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>
+as Plate I; tip the fly at the tail, and tie
+on a topping; take a piece of black ostrich or
+peacock harl, tie it in at the roots, and roll it
+evenly over the shank two or three times (see
+the harl tag, Plate V); tie in the hackle above
+the ostrich tag, leave it hanging, and roll the
+twist up the body, previously formed of floss
+silk nicely tapered (see the Body of Plate V);
+take the hackle in the right hand, and roll it
+evenly with the tinsel, and fasten it as Plate
+VI; leave the silk hanging here to tie on the
+wings and the head. The wings of Plate VII,
+may be seen tied on the reverse way, and the
+body and hackle formed afterwards; they are
+now ready to turn back in their proper place to
+hang over the body, this is done by turning
+them neatly up with the thumb nail of the
+right hand, and laying them evenly on each
+side of the fly, with the best side of the
+feather out. The spots and shades which are
+perceivable in the wings and hackles of all the
+engraved specimens of fly, are shown to great
+perfection&mdash;I have described the whole of
+them, to match the shades exactly, so that it is
+impossible to go astray when tying on each
+fibre of feather.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We will now return to Plate VI, and teach
+how it is to be winged&mdash;You cut off a strip
+from the turkey tail feather, which must be
+unbroken, as a whole wing; after measuring
+the proper length of it for the hook, you draw
+each piece small with the nails where it is to
+be tied on, as the strip is broader at the root,
+so that, take it on the whole, it must be narrow
+where this piece of feather is made small at
+the roots, as seen in the plate of Feathers, to
+keep it so whole, touch it with a little varnish,
+and let it dry a little on the table.</p>
+
+<p>You take hold of the fly in your left hand,
+close to the head, draw the fibres of the
+hackle out of the way by placing them under
+your fingers; take the wing in your right hand
+and lay it on, catching it between the left
+finger and thumb on the top of the hook
+tightly, and give two rolls of the tying silk
+over it; take up the other wing, like the last,
+and lay it on the near side, and lap the silk
+over it in like manner (renew the silk with wax
+before the wings are tied on); you now may tie
+on a few fibres of golden pheasant neck, and
+tail feathers at each side of the wings just put
+on, and a piece of macaw feather at each side;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>
+head it with ostrich, or roll a little pig hair
+round the silk sparingly, lap it over twice, and
+finish by giving two running knots over it close
+to the root of the wings (see the wing of
+the middling plain Salmon Fly, Plate II, immediately
+above the Sea-Trout Fly and May
+Fly.)</p>
+
+<p>The reader will perceive in this plate <span class="smcap">on
+salmon hooks</span>, that I have just described a
+garden, as it were fully cultivated, there is
+hardly a space left waste, like the broad fields
+of industrious England, whose sons "never,
+never shall be slaves." All the other plates are
+likewise full of useful matter, which will prove
+my hard labour, and at the same time show
+that I have hid nothing from the Fly-Fisher in
+all the processes.</p>
+
+<p>If the fly (Plate V., <span class="smcap">on salmon hooks</span>) is
+winged with feathers, like the Irish gaudy wing,
+prepared in the plate of Feathers, it will be
+found to approach near the gaudy fly at the
+bottom of the plate, with "picker" at top.</p>
+
+<p>I will now describe the process of making
+the Gaudy Salmon Fly, the plate of which is
+invaluable to the Salmon fisher:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 352px;"><a name="Plate_8" id="Plate_8"></a>
+<a href="images/i_064-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_064.jpg" width="352" height="600" alt="Process of making the Gaudy Salmon-fly" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>PROCESS OF MAKING THE GAUDY SALMON FLY.</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>(<i><a href="#Plate_8">See Plate.</a></i>)</div>
+
+
+<p>You commence by tying the hook and
+gut firmly together, and that it may be more
+easy and convenient to the reader to accomplish
+this process of making the Gaudy Salmon
+Fly, I will tell how it is done in my own
+favourite way.&mdash;Take the hook in the left hand
+and hold by the shank immediately opposite
+the barb, here fasten on a piece of fine tying
+silk, finer than you tied the hook and gut on
+with, tie on a piece of tinsel, and roll it over
+the hook three or four times to tip the fly;
+place the nail of the left thumb on it, and tie
+with one knot (see the tip on the first fly in the
+plate, just below the ostrich tag); take a
+middling size golden pheasant topping, and tie
+it on just below the ostrich tag with a piece of
+tinsel, about a finger length, to rib the body
+(see the tinsel); take a hackle to suit the size
+of the hook, draw it a little back from the
+point, that is the fibres (see the hackle ready to
+tie in at tail in the first fly); take a fibre of
+ostrich, tie it on, and give two or three rolls of
+it from you, and as you turn it over keep the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span>
+soft pile of the feather towards the tail, as this
+will make the tag appear even, and give a
+running knot, the less knots the better at this
+point to prevent clumsiness; now take a piece
+of pig hair, and twist it round the tying silk (see
+the pig hair round the silk, and the hackle tied
+on just above it), roll the pig hair over the body,
+giving it a turn or two between the ostrich tag
+and the hackle, that when the hackle is struck
+it may appear from the centre of the fly to the
+shoulder; the pig hair is now on, roll the
+tinsel over it slopingly till you come within the
+eighth of an inch of the loop; take hold of
+the end of the hackle in the right hand, and
+roll it up on its edge, or partly on its back, in
+rotation with the tinsel, and tie it down with
+two knots, clip off the end of the hackle and
+tinsel.</p>
+
+<p>If the fly is to be made with the hackle
+struck only round the shoulder (see hackle tied
+in at shoulder, on the second fly in this plate.
+I have not numbered the three flies on this
+plate, to distinguish it from the plate of <span class="smcap">an
+easy method of making a salmon fly</span>.) See
+pig hair body and tinsel rolled on; shift your
+hand up the hook in the left, and hold by the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>
+middle, take the hackle in the right, and roll it
+from you closely round the shoulder, (see hackle
+tied in at shoulder), leaving at the same time
+enough of the hook bare at the end of the
+shank to tie on the wings, and to roll on the
+jay feather (see jay hackle ready), the hackle
+supposed to be rolled round the shoulder, cut
+off the tinsel and pig hair which you see on
+the piece of silk, leaving another piece attached
+in the same place to tie on the wings (see the
+piece of tinsel and pig hair left at the head
+ready to be cut off, and the silk hanging to tie
+on the wings&mdash;second fly).</p>
+
+<p>The first fly, which we made above, is now
+no other in appearance than the third fly at the
+bottom of the plate, which shows hook, body,
+and tinsel. We now come to the most critical
+part of tying on the gaudy wings firmly, (see
+mixed gaudy wing ready to tie on). You take
+a neck-feather of the golden pheasant with a
+piece of silver pheasant tail, a piece of peacock
+wing, a teal feather, and a piece of wood-duck,
+&amp;c., lay them all evenly together, and break the
+fibres between your nails, when you tie them
+on the hook to make the whole small, as you
+may see done at the root of the wing in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>
+plate; take another golden pheasant neck
+feather, and prepare it exactly like the last,
+that the wing may be the same at each side
+when tied on; you now take hold of the fly in
+the left, the fibres of the hackle remaining
+under your finger and thumb, cut away the bit
+of tinsel and hackle-stem first, take the wing
+in your right, and lay it on the best side next
+you, and hold it tight with the left finger and
+thumb nails; give two laps of the silk over it,
+press it down tightly with the thumb nail, and
+take another turn of the silk, place the third
+finger against it to keep it on, till you lay on
+the off side wing; take it up as you did the
+other, and tie it down at the small part of the
+end, on the off side, hold it tight between the
+left finger and thumb, pressing it at the same
+time well down with the thumb nail of the
+right, take two rolls of the silk firmly over
+it, hold on manfully with the left, and give
+it another nail or two with the right thumb,
+make a running knot, lay it down awhile to
+rest your fingers; clip off the roots left hanging
+or projecting at the head closely (be careful
+always to leave enough of the hook bare to receive
+the wings, or you cannot manage it easily),<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>
+now take two or three turns more over the
+head to make it tighter and even, leaving a
+little bit of the point to stand out; you then
+take a strip of macaw, and tie it on each side,
+clip off the ends, take an ostrich harl and tie it
+on about the centre of the head, and roll it
+over from you two or three times, the downy
+part of the stem next the loop to keep it all
+the one way, and when up to the root of the
+wings, take the silk which hangs here lap it
+twice over, and give a running knot; clip off
+the silk and end of the harl, lay on a little
+varnish very lightly at the point, and where the
+silk has been just tied down, keep the varnish
+off the ostrich harl; you may take a little pig
+hair, and twist it round the silk, roll it over
+the head very sparingly, and finish at the root
+of the wings in the same manner, laying on a
+little varnish.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 352px;"><a name="Plate_9" id="Plate_9"></a>
+<a href="images/i_070-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_070.jpg" width="352" height="600" alt="The plate of Feathers" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p>I will here repeat the tying on of the gaudy
+wing, with two or three fibres of various sorts
+of feathers, &amp;c., which may be a little more
+easy to accomplish than the foregoing to the
+young beginner.</p>
+
+<p>When you have the tail, tinsel, and hackle
+put together on the hook, and the eighth of an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>
+inch of the shank left bare to receive the
+wings; wax the silk well that it may make the
+head firm, and proceed thus.&mdash;First strip off
+two fibres of the peacock's wing feather, and
+place them with three or four fibres of brown
+mallard, and the same quantity of spotted
+turkey tail, add to it a piece of neck and tail
+feather of the golden pheasant, with a little
+guinea hen, teal, and red macaw feather, yellow,
+orange, and blue. Keep these all even together,
+and break them at the roots like the gaudy
+wing in the last plate, and divide them in
+equal parts; now having mixed both your
+wings alike, take up one wing in your right
+fore-finger and thumb nails and hold it
+tightly, take up your fly with the left hand, and
+with the right hand place the wing on at the
+off side, laying it under the fore-finger of the
+left hand, and with the right hand give two
+turns of the tying silk over it, at the same
+time holding on tight between the nails of the
+left hand, and press it down with the thumb
+nail of the right, which keeps the head firm;
+then in like manner take up the other wing
+and place it on the near side, keep the wings
+the same length, and to extend two eighths of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>
+an inch longer than the bend of the hook,
+having taken two laps over the near side wing,
+cut off the root ends at the head closely,
+holding tight with the left-hand nails, and press
+both wings down tightly with the right thumb
+nail; wax the silk well here, and lap it over
+the part where you cut off the ends evenly;
+bring the silk down on the gut and give three
+or four rolls of it just below the point of the
+shank to guard it from friction when throwing
+the fly; bring the silk up again close to the
+root of the wings, and tie on a fibre of blue
+and yellow macaw tail feather for horns, let
+them be the eighth of an inch longer than the
+wings, clip off the ends; take a jay feather and
+prepare it, tie it on at the off side of the head
+with the bare side next the belly of the fly, roll
+it with the right hand over the head, about
+three turns, and lap the silk over it while under
+the nail of the left; cut off the stem, lay on a
+blue kingfisher feather each side, tie on a
+black ostrich harl, give three or four rolls of it
+over the head, letting the stem be next <ins title="Transcriber's Note: this word not present in original text">to</ins> the root
+of the wings as you roll it, take it under the
+nail of the left thumb, and lap two turns of
+the silk over it close to the root of the wings,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>
+and with the finger and thumb press up the
+fibres of the ostrich towards the wings, to
+make it stand even in its proper place; cut off
+the silk, and lay on a little varnish at the point
+of the head, and your fly is completed.</p>
+
+<p>As it is my intention to instruct the reader
+in every point necessary for his benefit, according
+to my own knowledge and experience,
+throughout the pages of this book, it affords
+me much pleasure to be enabled to do so, and
+to offer something to the fly-fisher worth having,
+there is scarcely a page he opens that he will
+not find something valuable to himself, if he is
+a real lover of the art. "There is a pleasure
+in angling that no one knows but the angler
+himself."</p>
+
+<p>I will now show how the India-rubber Green
+Drake is made, with a cock-tail, like the beautiful
+engraving in the plate, (see Green Drake).
+The Grouse, and Golden Plover hackle may
+also be made in a similar manner, to suit fine
+evenings in the summer, without the tail.</p>
+
+<p>To compose the fly, take a piece of gold
+tinsel, and cut a long strip of light india-rubber
+very thin, hackle, wings, tail, and all laid down
+ready,&mdash;tie the gut on the top of the hook, to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>
+project about three-sixteenths of an inch below
+the bend, or tie the gut underneath in the
+usual way, and lay a piece of gut on the top
+somewhat thicker, to work the tail upon, (see
+the tail in the engraving,&mdash;look often at the
+flies to refresh the memory); take three hairs
+of the mane of a black horse, and tie them on
+the end of the piece of gut, about an inch in
+length, let the silk be fine and well waxed, then
+tie in the end of the gold tinsel, and the finest
+end of the piece of india-rubber at the tail,
+that the thick end may be towards the shoulder
+to make it taper; after the body is made very
+even with a little yellow floss silk, hold the fly
+by the shank in the left hand, with the nails in
+close contact with each other, and roll the
+tinsel closely up, shifting your hand; this
+fastened down with the tying silk, take hold of
+the india-rubber in the right, and the extreme
+end of the gut tail in your left nails; warm the
+rubber a little in the fingers to soften it, draw
+it out to its full extent, and roll it over the end
+of the gut, and at every roll keep the third
+finger of the left hand tight against it to
+prevent it starting, move the nails up the hook
+as you proceed with the rubber to the shoulder;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>
+give two laps of the tying silk over it, and a
+running knot. The body now formed, take a
+very light brown grouse hackle (see the grouse
+hackle prepared in the plate of Feathers,&mdash;the
+partridge and the plover hackles are prepared
+in the same way, and all feathers of this shape
+for the throat, you may either draw them back
+at the end, or cut them like the wren tail
+feather), and tie it on at the shoulder, roll it
+about three times over on its back, keeping the
+fibres down towards the left under the fingers,
+tie the stem with a running knot, and do not
+give too many laps of the tying silk at the
+head to make it bulky, for it occasions the
+wings to turn round on the hook, as then there
+is no foundation for them, but when they are
+tied hard on the hook, they sit firm&mdash;you can
+not wing it neatly otherwise; to prevent a
+vacancy at the shoulder, lay on a little yellow-green
+mohair to fill it up, and roll the hackle
+over it, you may now guard the gut with the
+silk before you tie on the wings, do not allow
+the body of the fly to come too close up to the
+head, or as I said before, you cannot tie on the
+wings properly. Now take the dyed mallard
+feather for the wings, strip two pieces off, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>
+lay them together for one wing, and two pieces
+for the other wing in like manner; hold the
+body by the left close to the head, and lay on
+the off side wing first, hold it tight under the
+nails of the left, and take a turn or two of the
+silk tightly over it, take up the other wing and
+lay it on, catching it under the nails of the
+left, taking two turns more over it in the same
+way, and press it tight down with the nails of
+the right thumb, give another turn or two of
+the silk, press back the roots of the wings with
+the thumb nail of the right, cut them close off,
+roll the silk evenly over it, and give two knots,
+now take a peacock's harl, tie it in by the root
+end, and roll it over the head two or three
+times towards the wing, and tie it firmly here
+with two knots of the tying silk, cut off silk and
+harl, lay on a little varnish, and your fly is
+completed; press up the head to make it look
+even, cut off all superfluous fibres that may
+stand uneven, so that all will appear like the
+plate.</p>
+
+<p>There is another excellent way of making
+a body:&mdash;thus, take a piece or length of very
+flat gut, and soak it well in hot water till it
+becomes soft, tie it in at the end of the tail<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span>
+as you did the india-rubber, form a body nicely
+tapered of straw, roll some white floss silk over it
+at intervals, roll the soft gut closely over it to the
+head and tie it fast; then put a small partridge
+hackle round the throat, and wing it the same
+as before. Before you lay on the straw, cut it
+taper to suit the size of hook you are using,
+gold-beater's skin rolled over flat gold tinsel is
+also good.</p>
+
+<p>I will here teach the making of the beautiful
+<span class="smcap">Winged Larva</span>, specimens of which are shown
+in the plate with the May Fly. There is
+nothing can exceed the beauty of these flies,
+and as artificial specimens for killing fish
+during easterly winds they are invaluable.</p>
+
+<p>It was in a strong east wind which lasted
+some weeks, five or six years ago, that I had
+such great success with this sort of fly in the
+river Tweed; grilse, sea-trout, and river-trout
+took it greedily. The two engravings in the
+plate of these flies are very beautiful. It would
+be a general killer in heavy running rivers
+under trees, or in rapid streams.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 395px;"><a name="Plate_10" id="Plate_10"></a>
+<a href="images/i_080-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_080.jpg" width="395" height="600" alt="TO MAKE THE WINGED LARVA." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO MAKE THE WINGED LARVA.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Tie on the hook and gut as before (say a
+hook about No. 8) and form a brown body of
+mohair on it, wing the fly with a portion of
+hen pheasant tail feather and woodcock wing;
+having the yellow brown body formed on the
+hook, and the wings ready to tie on, take a
+piece of the shrivelled larva you will find
+attached to the ends of the lengths of salmon
+gut, choose those that are nice and taper, and
+at the fine end tie on two fibres of golden
+pheasant neck feather for tail, clip off the end
+of the gut, lay on a little varnish at the end of
+the tail to keep it from coming off; now tie on
+the larva close to the shoulder, cut off the end
+of the gut, lay on a little varnish there, take
+some mohair of the same colour as the body,
+and roll it over the throat to cover the tying,
+leaving at the same time enough of the hook
+to receive the wings, you then take a light
+brown grouse hackle, off the neck of the bird,
+and roll it twice round the shoulder for the
+legs, or a woodcock feather, to be found at the
+root of the wings, outside, the latter I think<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>
+is best. Now tie the wings on a little longer
+than the bend of the hook, clip off the ends at
+the head, and form a head with a piece of peacock
+harl, of a bronze colour as usual, fasten
+with the silk, and cut off all the superfluities.
+It would be well to draw out a little of the
+mohair at the shoulder to hang over the larva
+body, and to flatten the end of the gut a little
+where you tie on the tail, which keeps it on.
+Tie the larva at the side, so as it may appear
+like a double body to the fish in the water. It
+may be made by tying on the wings first, and
+let them remain until the body, the larva, and
+the hackle, are all tied in their proper places,
+and then turn back the wings over the body
+with your thumb nail, and tie them firmly down
+with the silk, taking two laps over the roots,
+and finish with two knots on the end of the
+shank immediately above the head.</p>
+
+<p>Do not neglect to tie in the larva tightly
+below the wings at the shoulder, to prevent it
+drawing out from the mohair body. You must
+hold on tight and press it well down with the
+nail of the right thumb, as you do the wings
+when tying them on last. It is best to look at
+the larvas engraved in the plate occasionally, to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>
+give you an idea how it is done. When the
+wings are turned up last, and a head formed of
+the root of them with the tying silk, you next
+roll on a piece of brown peacock harl at the
+root of the wings, a harl with long pile or
+fibres is best, as you can press it up with
+your fingers to hang over the root of the
+wings.</p>
+
+<p>The great nicety in making this fly to look
+well is, in tying on the two fibres of the golden
+pheasant feathers at the tail with fine silk, and
+the tying on of the larva itself at the shoulder
+of the fly, and then covering the silk that appeared
+bare with a little mohair twisted round
+the tying silk, and then rolled over it; it is over
+this bit of mohair the hackle should be rolled,
+and secured with two knots.</p>
+
+<p>The wing of the small larva in the plate is
+tied on last, and a most curious and killing
+looking fly it is; the other one does best in
+deep water, or for grilse or sea-trout in July
+and August, particularly in the latter month.</p>
+
+<p>The Salmon Fly, No. 11, in the centre of
+the plate, with the larvas, is a capital specimen
+for the light streams north of the Tweed, and
+would kill well in that splendid river at low water<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>
+in summer, particularly at the "Throughs,"
+three miles above the town of Kelso.</p>
+
+<p>The above fly I will describe hereafter, with
+the other engravings in the plates.</p>
+
+<p>To proceed regularly with the various
+methods of Fly Making, before touching on
+another subject, will be much more convenient
+to the tyro as he proceeds, so I will finish this
+branch of an "Angler's Education" with a
+Catechism, which will be found instructive and
+very curious to the beginner. It is accompanied
+with a copper-plate engraving of six flies,
+showing the whole process to the eye, which
+cannot fail to give a lasting idea to the fly
+maker who will properly study it.</p>
+
+<p>In this last process, the reader should lay
+out every thing necessary for making a single
+fly in a piece of folded paper, so that he can
+look at the various articles as he rehearses
+them over in the book,&mdash;this will keep them
+more strongly in his mind.</p>
+
+<p>Have each article to suit the size of the hook
+exactly, that when the fly is completed, it will
+appear in strict proportion: for instance, the
+hackle should be chosen small to suit the legs of
+the trout fly, and the large flies to have hackles<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>
+off the saddle of the cock, that are old and stiff,
+to withstand the motion of the water; and fine
+silk, both floss and tying for the bodies of the
+small flies, and every thing in unison, as you
+read in the book; handling every thing
+sparingly, delicately, and nicely in the fingers.
+There is a good deal of the "battle fought" by
+letting the nails grow to a pretty fair length so
+as to hold on grimly.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>A CATECHISM OF FLY-MAKING,</h2>
+
+<div class='center'><span class="smcap">By</span> WILLIAM BLACKER</div>
+
+
+<p><i>Question.</i>&mdash;What do you mean by Fly-making?</p>
+
+<p><i>Answer.</i>&mdash;I mean the artificial assimilation
+of those beautiful insects that appear on
+brooks and rivers during the summer season.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;What are these artificial flies used for in
+general?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;They are principally used to afford
+gentlemen rural amusement and recreation, by
+their taking both trout and salmon with the
+rod, line, and fly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;Name the different materials requisite
+for making the Artificial Fly.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 360px;"><a name="Plate_11" id="Plate_11"></a>
+<a href="images/i_086-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_086.jpg" width="360" height="600" alt="To make the Trout-fly as taught in the Cathechism." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;The necessary materials for making the
+Artificial Fly are as follows:&mdash;various kinds of
+feathers, furs, mohair, pig hair, dyed hackles,
+silks, tinsel, &amp;c., &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;When the tyro has all the materials
+prepared, and seated at the table, how does he
+commence to make the fly?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;First, the hook is firmly tied on the gut,
+and one eighth of an inch of the end of the
+shank left bare to receive the wings (see plate,
+hook, gut, and tail, tied on).</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;How are the wings tied on?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;They may be tied on the reverse way
+first, at the extreme end of the shank, and after
+the tail, body, and legs are formed, turn up
+the wings, divide and tie them down, and form
+the head.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;Is there any other way of placing on
+the wings of a trout fly?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;Yes, by forming the tail, body, and legs
+first, and tie on the wings last.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;Having the wings the reverse way, to
+appear in strict proportion over the fly when
+turned, what is the next part to be performed?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;Next, I take hold of the shank opposite
+the barb in my left, and here tie on a short<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>
+piece of tinsel for the tip, roll it over two
+or three times evenly, and secure it with a
+running knot, immediately above this tie on
+the tail.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;When the wings are tied on reversed,
+the tip and tail secured, how do you form the
+body?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I take hold of the hook in my left hand
+close to the tail, and with my right draw out a
+small quantity of mohair, twist it round the
+tying silk close to the hook, draw it gradually
+full under the fingers to taper it, I then roll it
+closely over the shank to the root of the wings
+and fasten it. Leave a vacancy to receive the
+hackle if rolled on at the shoulder.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;If there is not sufficient mohair twisted
+on the silk to form the whole body, what must
+be done?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;When the mohair on the silk becomes
+short, I tie it down on the centre of the shank,
+and tie in the point of the hackle here (see the
+second and third flies in the plate of this
+process), and apply a little more stuff to fill the
+shoulder, leaving a little of the hook to receive
+the wings.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;Having tied the hackle on towards the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>
+shoulder of the fly, how do you strike it in its
+proper place?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I hold the hook in my left hand by the
+bend, and with the right take hold of the stem
+of the hackle and roll it round the shank on its
+back, and tie it down (the fly may be ribbed and
+hackled from the tail like the fourth fly in the
+plate).</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;The hackle, body, tail, and tinsel now
+neatly tied, how do you tie on the wings?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I now hold the fly in my left hand by
+the body, drawing the fibres underneath my
+finger and thumb out of the way, lay on the
+wings double, catch them under the nails of
+the left and give two laps of the tying silk over
+them, press them down at this place with the
+right nail divide and let the fibres of the
+hackle spring up between them, cut off the
+roots, lap the silk closely over the head and
+fasten with two knots (see the cock tail at the
+bottom of this plate).</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Note.</i>&mdash;The wings of this fly were tied on
+first, as seen, and turned up last; the fuller
+the fly is at the shoulder the more the wings
+will stand upright on the back, and it often<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>
+occurs that when the wings of the fly lie flat
+on the back, and it happens to be an end fly
+on the casting line, which is usually under the
+surface of the water, that the fish takes it for a
+drowned fly eagerly, and the wings much longer
+than the bend of the hook, this is not unnatural,
+as the wings of numbers of the brown and
+olive flies seen on the water have their wings
+much longer than the body, and when not on
+the wing lie flat on their backs.</p></div>
+
+<p>I will here give a more easy way of making
+a Trout fly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;How do you commence to make the Fly
+in this way?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I tie on the wings first, turn them up,
+tie down the head, and finish the fly at the tail.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;When the wings are tied on first, and
+turned before you commence the body and
+legs, how do you proceed?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I take a small hackle to suit the size of
+the hook, strip off the flue, and tie it on by
+the root at the head, and a piece of tinsel to
+rib the body.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;Having tied on the hackle thus, what is
+the next thing to be done?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I draw out a little mohair, twist it
+tightly round the tying silk, roll it down to
+the tail and fasten it, and roll the tinsel over in
+like manner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;The body and tinsel being formed, how
+is the hackle struck on?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I take hold of the hackle in my right
+hand with either my fingers or pliers, and roll
+it over the body to the tail, fasten and cut off
+the ends, tie in a tail and the fly is complete.
+This is the style of the fifth fly in the plate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;When a fly is to be made in the above way
+without wings, called a hackle fly, how is it
+done?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;Having previously tied, I take two
+hackles of equal size, lay them even together,
+and tie them on by the roots at the end of the
+shank, and then the piece of tinsel to rib it.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;How do you form the body and tinsel
+after tying on the hackles?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I twist a very small quantity of mohair
+round the silk and roll it to the tail, or a
+peacock's harl, and fasten it there, over this I
+roll the tinsel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;As the hackles are a nice point to perform,
+how are they struck?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I take hold of the hackles with the
+pliers at the points, both to stand the one way,
+give two rolls round the shoulder to make it
+full, and proceed with them slantingly on their
+backs to the tail, let the pliers hang with them
+and roll the tying silk twice over them, cut off
+the superfluous fibres of the hackles, take two
+running knots, and lay on a little varnish to
+harden the tying, press down the hackles with
+the fingers to slope them towards the tail, and
+the fly is completed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;When you wish to make a larger Salmon
+Fly, how do you undertake it?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I tie on the hook and gut firmly together,
+as in Plate I, <span class="smcap">on salmon hooks</span>, take hold of it
+by the shank opposite the barb, roll on a piece
+of broad tinsel to tip it, tie on a topping for tail,
+with a black ostrich tag.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;Having gone thus far, how do you
+manage the pig hair body?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;Having laid before me two or three
+colours of pig hair, I roll a piece of fine floss
+silk on first next the tail, I then twist a piece
+of pig hair on the silk, roll it up towards the
+head, shifting up a little and tie, take another
+piece of hair, and another, and do in like<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>
+manner (see the pig hair body of No. 2, <span class="smcap">on
+salmon hooks</span>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;How is the hackle struck on over the
+body?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>-Having held the fly by the shank to
+form the body, I now turn it and hold it by the
+bend, the hackle and tinsel previously tied in,
+as in Plate II, <span class="smcap">on salmon hooks</span>, I roll the
+tinsel up first and the hackle next in rotation
+with it; Plate V. will show the tinsel rolled
+over the floss silk body, and the hackle ready
+to roll on.</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;Having rolled on the hackle, and turned
+a jay hackle over the shoulder, how do you
+proceed with the wing?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I take two golden pheasant neck feathers
+and tie them on tightly first, then sprig them
+at each side with various fibres of feathers (see
+the wing in the plate prepared).</p>
+
+<p><i>Q.</i>&mdash;How do you cover the lump occasioned
+by the quantity of tying silk at the head?</p>
+
+<p><i>A.</i>&mdash;I draw out a small quantity of pig hair,
+twist it on the tying silk, and roll it over two
+or three times towards the root of the wings
+tightly, give three knots, lay on a little varnish,
+cut off the silk, and the fly is finished.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Note.</i>&mdash;If you make a pike fly, use large
+double hooks and gymp, with broad tinsel, and
+make the body full with pig hair, large saddlecock
+hackles for legs, wing them with peacock
+moon feathers, and add two large blue beads
+over spangles for eyes, and green or red pig
+hair towards the head. Fasten on the beads
+with fine copper wire, rolling it over the head
+two or three times, and also three times through
+the eyes, and tie down the wire tightly with the
+silk; roll the pig hair round the silk and then
+over the head and between the beads, fasten it
+with three knots, and lay on the varnish.</p>
+
+<p>These large artificial flies kill pike or jack
+best on windy days with rain; they will not
+rise at the fly on fine days, except there is a
+strong ripple on the water. You humour the
+fly on the surface as you would move a salmon
+one, using a strong rod, reel, and line. If he
+is a large fish, he will rush off with the fly
+when hooked; but, if a small one, lift him out
+when he makes a double quick shake on the
+top of the water. I would advise the fisher
+to strike a jack quickly, for he often throws
+the fly out of his mouth when he finds the
+deception.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE TROUT FLIES FOR THE<br />
+SEASON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I will now give a description of those flies
+which will be found most killing, as they are
+imitations of the natural ones that appear in
+each month, so that the fly-fisher may practice
+with them to very great advantage.</p>
+
+<p>The numbers of each correspond with the
+engravings in the plates of the catalogue of
+flies.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Trout</span> is a game and sportive fish, and
+affords much amusement to the fly-fishers, as
+well as being generally esteemed the best of
+our fresh-water fishes for the table. The
+spawning time of the trout is much the same
+as that of the salmon, about October and
+November, and their haunts very similar; they
+fix upon some gravelly bottom to deposit their
+spawn, in either river or lake, and are never
+good when big with roe. After they have
+spawned they become lean and wasted, and
+their beautiful spots disappear; in this state
+they retire to the deep and still parts of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>
+river during the winter months. As soon as
+the weather becomes open in February, they
+begin to leave the deeps and approach the rapid
+streams, where they soon obtain vigour for the
+summer sport. They delight in sandy and
+rocky beds and pools, into which sharp and
+swift streams run, and under shady banks,
+behind large stones and in eddies; in streams
+where there are sedges and weeds in the spring
+of the year. In the summer months they get
+strange, and haunt the deepest parts of swift
+running streams; they are found also at the
+upper ends of mill-pools and weirs, under
+bridges, and in the return of streams where
+the water boils in deep places. At the decline
+of the year they resort to the tails of
+streams and deep water.</p>
+
+<p>They are in season from February till the
+end of September.</p>
+
+<p>These few suggestions may benefit the young
+angler by giving him an idea of knowing where
+to cast his flies for them.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 349px;"><a name="Plate_12" id="Plate_12"></a>
+<a href="images/i_099-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_099.jpg" width="349" height="600" alt="Plate of 15 Trout-flies." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>FLIES FOR MARCH.</h2>
+
+
+<p>No. 1. <span class="smcap">The March Brown.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of light brown mohair, mixed with a
+little fur of the hare's neck, and a little yellow
+mohair, ribbed with yellow silk; a small brown
+partridge hackle for legs (this feather is found
+on the back of the partridge), hen pheasant
+wing feather for the wings, and two fibres of
+the same bird's tail feather for the tail of the
+fly. No. 8 hook. This fly is well taken by
+the trout, and continues good till the end of
+April. The following flies appear before the
+March brown, but it being a great favorite, I
+have given it first.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. <span class="smcap">The Early Dark Dun.</span>&mdash;The body
+is made of water-rat's fur, mixed with a little
+red mohair, the red more towards the head, an
+iron-blue dun hackle for legs, and the wings of
+water-hen or water-rail wing. No. 9 hook.</p>
+
+<p>There is another variety or two of this fly
+that kill well in February and March, which
+are as follows: A black red hackle, with the
+above wings and body; a mallard wing, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>
+the above body; a peacock harl body, a soot-coloured
+dun hackle, and a tip of gold. No. 10
+hook.</p>
+
+<p>There is a small fly, which I term the "heath
+fly," which is an excellent one in this month,
+and is made thus: The body is made of the
+fine fur of the belly of the hedgehog, or rat
+back fur (common rat), mixed with red squirrel
+fur, and a little orange mohair, rolled on thin
+and taper; a small silver grey hackle for legs,
+and winged with the grey tail feather of the
+partridge. A grey mallard and red squirrel fur
+makes another good fly. No. 10 hook.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. <span class="smcap">The Little Blue Dun.</span>&mdash;The body
+is made of mole's fur, slightly mixed with
+bright yellow mohair, a light blue dun hackle
+for legs, and starling wings. No. 12 hook.
+This delicate little fly appears on cold days
+in March, and is well taken by the trout from
+ten till four in the evening, with the little
+red dun.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. <span class="smcap">The Orange Dun.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of orange and hare's fur, a honey dun
+hackle for legs, and grey mallard wings.
+No. 10 hook. Good on windy days in this
+month and the next. There should be but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>
+little hackle used on small flies in the early
+season, as the fur is sufficient or nearly so.</p>
+
+<p>No. 5. <span class="smcap">The Marlow Buzz.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of peacock harl, a dun hackle over it
+from the tail, and two dark red ones round the
+shoulder, rib of silver. This fly does best
+where there are large trees growing over the
+river banks.</p>
+
+<p>No. 6. <span class="smcap">The Brown Hackle.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of yellow brown mohair, a little orange
+fox fur, and two short fibred brown-red hackles
+rolled from the tail over the body, and ribbed
+with gold wire for evening fishing. It will be
+found a good one for large trout in river or lake,
+winged with hen pheasant tail, and forked with
+two fibres of the same feather, hook No. 10
+for the small fly, and No. 6 for the larger
+size.</p>
+
+<p>There is also a small red fly comes on in this
+month, very killing; the body is made of red
+squirrel's fur, a turn of a red hackle round the
+throat, and grey mallard wings mixed with
+partridge; hook No. 8.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p>
+<h2>FLIES FOR APRIL.</h2>
+
+
+<p>No. 7. <span class="smcap">The Soldier Fly.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of scarlet-colored mohair, ribbed with
+fine gold twist, and two black-red cock hackles
+run up over the body from the tail, (it is made
+also with orange floss silk body, ribbed with
+black silk), a small furnace hackle round the
+throat and a darkish starling wing. The dark
+red furnace hackle has a dark mark round the
+edges.</p>
+
+<p>It may also be made to advantage with
+peacock harl and black-red hackles over it, and
+tipped with gold. The latter way makes it the
+"cochybonddu" of Wales. It kills best on
+windy days in general, with the cow-dung fly,
+and partridge hackle.</p>
+
+<p>No. 8. <span class="smcap">The Cuckoo Hackle.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of peacock's harl, and two dark dun
+hackles, with darkish bars across them, rolled
+up to the throat; give it a tag of yellow green
+silk, at the end of the tail, silver.</p>
+
+<p>The Granam fly may be made thus:&mdash;The
+wings are made of hen pheasant wing feather,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>
+hare's ear fur for body, and a grizzled cock
+hackle for legs. It is a four-winged fly, and
+when it flutters on the water it is very much
+like the engraving in the plate; but when it
+sails down the surface, the wings lie flat on its
+back, and as soon as it touches the water it
+drops its eggs; the trout take it freely for
+about a week in this month, with the gravel or
+spider fly,&mdash;dun body, black hackle, and woodcock
+wings; some use lead-coloured body.</p>
+
+<p>No. 9. <span class="smcap">The Black Palmer, or Hackle.</span>&mdash;The
+body is made of yellow floss silk, ribbed
+with silver tinsel, and two short fibred black
+hackles struck on from the tail to the shoulder.
+Hook No. 8.&mdash;Vary the body of this fly with
+peacock harl without the silver, and it will be
+a capital one for light clear water on No. 12
+hook. Use the cow-dung fly on windy days,
+with the above-named one.</p>
+
+<p>No. 10. <span class="smcap">The Dun Fox Fly.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of the fur found on the neck of the fox
+next the skin, mixed with golden yellow mohair.
+The wings are the wing feather of the starling
+or fieldfare, with two fibres of a stiff honey dun
+cock hackle for tail; pick out the fur a little
+at the shoulder for legs; hook No. 12. Never<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>
+was there a better little fly than this thrown on
+the water, it will kill fish any day in the year.
+Put on the little black hackle, with peacock
+harl body with it as a drop fly; and when the
+dun fox is used as a drop fly, put on the March
+brown as a stretcher. There may be seen
+three shades of this fly on the water at the
+same time occasionally; the other two shades
+are the ash and blue fox,&mdash;the first is a very
+light dun colour of the fox cub's neck or face,
+the other is of a darker blue shade; they are
+great favorites with the trout, artificially; in
+mild weather throughout the summer, a small
+wren and grouse hackle may be used with them,
+the bodies made very thin and taper, and rather
+full at the shoulder&mdash;the wren with orange mohair
+body, and the grouse with golden yellow
+floss silk body.</p>
+
+<p>No. 11. <span class="smcap">The Dun Drake.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of golden olive mohair, mixed with hare's
+ear fur, the light and dark, and forked with two
+short fibres of brown mallard. The wings are
+made of land-rail wing, and a little brown mallard,
+mixed nicely together. Hook, No. 9.
+There is a dark red, and a dark dun fly on the
+water at the same time as the dun-drake, all of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span>
+which will be found good ones till the end of
+May. The Irish name for the dun drake, is
+"Coughlan,"<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a> made thus:&mdash;The wings, grey
+partridge tail; the body, light brown bear's fur,
+with bright yellow mohair, hare's fur from the
+face, mixed altogether, forked with two stripes
+of a dark mallard's feather, and a partridge
+hackle. No. 8 hook. In Ireland they consider
+this the most useful fly they have in April and
+May, as a stretcher, used with the little dun fox,
+and black-red, (soldier fly).</p>
+
+<p>No. 12. <span class="smcap">The Stone Fly.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of brown mohair ribbed with yellow silk,
+a tuft or tag of yellow mohair or silk at the
+tail, and a little yellow mohair worked in under
+the shoulder, over which roll the hackle, which
+should be of a brown-red colour; the wings
+are made of the hen pheasant tail mixed with
+copper brown mallard, made full, and larger
+than the body. No. 6 hook. If this fly is
+made of good colours, as above described,
+hardly any large trout, in humour of taking,
+can well refuse it. An odd one of them may
+be seen in March, when the weather is mild;
+but in April and May, when it becomes more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>
+congenial to them, they appear numerous
+towards the evening. Ribbed with gold twist,
+it makes a famous grilse fly.</p>
+
+<p>No. 13. <span class="smcap">The Yellow Sally.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of buff-colored fur, and a small yellow
+hackle for legs round the head; the wings are
+made of the buff-coloured feather inside the
+wing of the thrush. No. 13 hook. This is
+the forerunner of the Green Drake or May fly.
+The trout take this little fly freely, and it is a
+most excellent killer on fine days, if made
+according to the description. It will be found
+on the water till the end of May. The
+partridge hackle is also good in this month.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 356px;"><a name="Plate_13" id="Plate_13"></a>
+<a href="images/i_109-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_109.jpg" width="356" height="600" alt="Plate of 16 Flies" title="" /></a>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> "Taylor's Angler."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>FLIES FOR MAY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>No. 14. <span class="smcap">The Black Gnat.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of black hair from the spaniel's ear
+which is fine and soft, or a black ostrich
+feather clipped very close, and a small black
+hackle for legs; the wings are from the
+starling's wing feather. No. 13 hook. This
+is a good fly throughout a clear day, used as a
+dropper with the foregoing fly, and wren tail.</p>
+
+<p>It floats on the surface of the water in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>
+numbers on sultry days with mild showers of
+rain. It may be varied to advantage with blue
+silk body.</p>
+
+<p>No. 15. <span class="smcap">The Little Brown Midge.</span>&mdash;The
+body is made of brown mohair with a shade of
+orange mohair at the shoulder, two turns of a
+small brown-red hackle for legs; the wings are
+made of brown mallard and a little strip of
+land-rail mixed. No. 13 hook, snick bend.</p>
+
+<p>There appears to be a variety of small flies
+on the water with the above fly about the
+middle of the day, dark browns, pea-greens,
+and dun flies, all water insects, which the trout
+take very freely.</p>
+
+<p>No. 16. <span class="smcap">The Little Iron Blue.</span>&mdash;The
+body is made of a little light coloured water-rat's
+fur mixed with a few hairs of yellow, an
+iron blue coloured dun hackle for legs, and the
+wings from a blue dun feather to be found
+underneath the wing of a dun hen, or starling
+wing feather, tail it with a dun hackle, two
+fibres. No. 10 hook. It sails upright on its
+legs on the water, with both tail and wings
+cocked up, so that it would suit best as a bob
+fly. It will be found a useful fly throughout
+the season, varied a little in shade according to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>
+the weather, the darker ones on fine clear
+days.</p>
+
+<p>The Coachman, Oral, and the Governor flies
+will be found good ones in this month towards
+night, when the beautiful White Moth may be
+also seen.</p>
+
+<p>No. 17. <span class="smcap">Hare's Ear and Yellow.</span>&mdash;The
+body is made of the light part of the fur from
+the hare's ear, ribbed with yellow silk; the
+wings are from the wing of the starling or fieldfare,
+and two stiff fibres of honey dun cock's
+hackle, from the rump for tail, to cock up, pick
+out the fur at the head for legs, No. 12 hook.
+It will kill fish every day in this month, and
+will be found good till the end of July. It
+may be also called the Little Cocktail.</p>
+
+<p>No. 18. <span class="smcap">The Green Drake.</span>&mdash;The body
+of this beautiful fly is made of yellow green
+mohair, the color of a gosling newly come out
+of the shell, and ribbed with yellow-brown silk,
+a shade of light brown mohair at the tail, and
+a tuft of the same color at the shoulder, picked
+out between the hackle, the whisks of the tail
+to be of three black hairs of the mane of a
+horse, about three-quarters of an inch long;
+the hackle to be a greenish buff dyed, (dye a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>
+silver dun hackle with bars across it called a
+cuckoo), or a light ginger hackle bordering on
+a yellow. The wings, which should be made
+full, and to stand upright, are made of dyed
+mallard feathers of a greenish buff, or yellowish
+shade: a brown head of peacock harl tied neatly
+above the wings, No. 6 hook. The wings may
+be made of the ends of two large dyed mallard
+feathers, with each side stripped off, and the
+beautiful long ends to form the wings, tie them
+on whole back to back, a little longer than the
+bend of the hook&mdash;these feathers stand up well
+and appear very natural in the water; large size
+ones kill well in lakes, with bright yellow
+mohair bodies and gold twist rolled up them; a
+long honey dun palmer kills well on windy
+days, allowed to sink near the bottom, ribbed
+with gold twist (see the palmer in the plate with
+double hook). The trout take it no doubt for
+the Creeper or "Cad Bait;" a very small swivel
+tied on at the head, would improve its life-like
+appearance in the water as you move it with
+the rod; and the larger size one would also
+do better with a swivel.</p>
+
+<p>No. 19.&mdash;<span class="smcap">The Grey Drake.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of pale yellow mohair, or floss, three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>
+fibres of dark mallard for tail, ribbed with
+brown silk, a grizzled dun-cock's hackle for
+legs, or silver grey; grey mallard for wings,
+and a peacock harl head.</p>
+
+<p>The body should be made taper, and full at
+the head, it is a capital fly on rough days in
+May and June, and used to advantage on warm
+evenings. The body may be also made of dun
+fox fur, grey at the ends, a silver grey hackle
+for legs, and forked with three hairs from a
+fitch's tail; the wings grey mallard and
+widgeon mixed. It is also made of straw body,
+grey cock's hackle, and mallard wings&mdash;these
+two methods are very good. They kill well in
+Scotland, and in Ireland are called the "Grey
+Cochlan." These flies may be seen in "Taylor's
+Angler."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Taylor was an angler of no small pretensions,
+he was very fond of the Irish coloured
+flies, and has adopted many of them as standards
+for Scotland, England, and many rivers
+in Wales.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>FLIES FOR JUNE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>No. 20.&mdash;<span class="smcap">The Great Red Spinner.</span>&mdash;The
+body is made of red mohair, ribbed with fine
+gold wire, and a red cock hackle for legs; the
+wings are made of brown and grey mallard,
+the grey underneath; two fibres of stiff cock's
+saddle hackle for tail, No. 6 or 7 hook. The
+Small Red Spinner is made as the above, but
+instead of mallard use starling wings. It is an
+excellent fly for a dark evening in June and
+July, with the furnace hackle.</p>
+
+<p>No. 21.&mdash;<span class="smcap">The Alder Fly.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of brown coloured peacock harl, a black-red
+cock hackle for legs, the wings are made of
+hen pheasant tail feathers, hook No 6. There
+is another way or two of making this fly
+which cannot be beaten, they are mostly used
+in Ireland, and are known to be killers in
+England and Scotland. The body is made of
+bronze brown mohair, a very small brown
+grouse hackle round the head, and the wings
+from a brown spotted hen's wing, No. 8 hook.
+The other is made with grey and red partridge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>
+tail mixed for wings, a copper brown peacock
+harl body, and a dark brown red hackle off a
+cock's neck for legs. The legs may be also
+made of the wren's tail or woodcock hackle,
+this feather is found on the roots of the outside
+of the wings of the woodcock. These
+are good flies in lakes or rivers for large trout&mdash;rib
+with gold for lakes.</p>
+
+<p>No. 22.&mdash;<span class="smcap">The Sand Fly.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of the sandy coloured fur from the hare's
+pole, mixed with orange mohair, and a small
+ginger coloured cock's hackle for legs; the
+wings are made of a sandy coloured brown
+hen's wing, No. 10 hook. An excellent little
+fly on fine days with a little wind and occasional
+showers.</p>
+
+<p>There is another little fly that will be found
+equally good, made thus:&mdash;the wings are
+made of red and grey partridge tail feathers,
+orange body, and black-red hackle rolled up
+from the tail to the head, it will kill well on
+dark days, ribbed with gold, No. 8 hook.</p>
+
+<p>No. 23.&mdash;<span class="smcap">The White Moth.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of white mohair, which is lively ribbed
+with orange floss, a white cock's hackle rolled
+round the shoulder; the wings from a white<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>
+feather of the swan that grows over the back.
+It may be varied with cream coloured mohair,
+very light ginger hackle, and a buff wing from a
+hen of that colour; and a browner one may be
+made from a matted brown hen's wing, or light
+brown grouse tail, or large hackle off the rump of
+the same bird, brown-red cock's hackle, the
+whole to be made full, of good coloured and stiff
+materials, that they may not absorb the water,
+and alight heavy when thrown on the surface.</p>
+
+<p>No. 24. <span class="smcap">The Oak Fly.</span>&mdash;The body is made
+of orange silk, and a little hare's ear fur under
+the shoulder, rib it with a furnace hackle from
+the centre of the body up (if the hackles are
+tied on at the tail they are very apt to get cut
+with the teeth of the fish in a very short time).
+The wings may be made from the mottled
+brown hen, or the woodcock wings, of a red
+tinge. No. 8 hook. This fly cannot be too
+highly valued for its killing qualities. It will
+be found useful for large trout of a windy day
+with a grey cloud over head, and not likely to
+rain. "Mr. Bowlker," in his "Art of Angling,"
+mentions the oak fly in this manner: "The
+oak, ash, woodcock, cannon, or down-hill fly,
+comes on about the sixteenth of May, and continues<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>
+on till about a week in June; it is to be
+found on the butts of trees, with its head always
+downwards, which gives it the name of the
+down-hill fly. It is bred in oak-apples, and is
+the best of all flies for bobbing at the bush in
+the natural way, and a good fly for the dab-line,
+when made artificially." The wings are made
+from a feather out of the wing of the partridge
+or woodcock, the body with a bittern's feather,
+and the head with a little of the brown part of
+hare's fur. The hook, No. 6. Some dub it
+with an orange, tawny, and black ground, and
+with blackish wool and gold twist; the wings
+off the brown part of a mallard's feather.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>FLIES FOR JULY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>No. 25.&mdash;<span class="smcap">The Great Whirling Dun.</span>&mdash;The
+body is made of water-rat's fur, mixed with
+yellow mohair, and ribbed with yellow silk; a
+reddish blue dun hackle for legs; grey mallard
+wings, or starling&mdash;try both. No. 8 hook.
+There are two or three varieties of this fly,
+which make their appearance in this month,
+and are very killing on fine, mild days, with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>
+occasional showers; their colours run from a
+dark to a light sky-blue.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Bowlker," in his "Art of Angling," an
+authority which I like, as he was himself a
+fisherman, speaks thus of one of these beautiful
+flies: "It comes on about the end of May,
+and continues till the middle of July. It is a
+neat, curious, and beautiful fly; its wings are
+transparent, stand upright on its back, and are
+of a fine blue colour, its body is of a pale
+yellow, its tail forked, and the colour of its
+wings. It is a fly that the fishes take extremely
+well from seven o'clock in the evening till
+sun-set. The wings are made from the light
+blue feather of a hen; the body is made with
+pale yellow mohair, mixed with light blue fur,
+and ribbed with a fine cock's hackle, dyed
+yellow, the hook, No. 8." This is taken from
+"Bowlker's" original work.</p>
+
+<p>No. 26. <span class="smcap">The Little Peacock Fly.</span>&mdash;The
+body is made of bright brown peacock's harl,
+with a tip of gold at the tail, or gold colour
+floss silk; a red hackle for legs, and a starling
+wing. This little fly comes on about the
+middle of July, and continues till the end of
+August. It may be used to advantage on fine<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>
+days, with the blue dun, and cinnamon brown.
+I have seen this latter fly on the river "Mole,"
+in August, of a fine brown colour, and plump
+in the body, about the size of the Great
+Whirling Dun. The body was red brown, the
+legs an amber brown, the wings were a mottled
+light brown, and the tail of the same colour as
+the wings. I have seen the above fly some time
+after on the "Bann," in the north of Ireland,
+a river six times the size of the Mole, not half
+the size, in August. This circumstance of the
+difference in size, must be the nature of the
+soil through which the rivers flow; the "Bann"
+is a gravelly bed, full of large stones, with a
+very fall strong running stream; the "Mole" not
+so. It is my opinion that in the summer
+months there is more sport to be had with flies
+as small as can be made, than with the general
+run, except late in the evening, then use a large
+fly&mdash;a brown, or white moth, where a large fish
+shows himself.</p>
+
+<p>No. 27. <span class="smcap">The Blue Blow.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of mole's fur mixed with yellow mohair,
+run very taper from the tail up; the wings are
+made of a tom-tit's tail feather, or water hen;
+the tail is two hairs of a mouse's whisker, or<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>
+fibres of dark dun hackle; the body is picked
+out a little at the head to imitate legs; the fly
+altogether to be made very small and delicate,
+hook No. 13. These little flies may be seen
+on good size rivers in hundreds, in the summer
+on sultry days; where there is a stone projecting
+out of the water they gather round it, and
+with the motion are carried up and down on
+the side of the stone, where large trout lie, like
+ant bears, sucking them in by the dozen; the
+wing of the water-rail is capital to imitate that
+of the fly. There is another excellent killing
+fly that may be used with the above, made
+thus;&mdash;body, gold colour mohair; tip of gold;
+<ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'woodcook'">woodcock</ins> or wren hackle for legs; grey partridge
+tail for wrings; and two fibres of the
+same for tail; No. 10 hook. They are good
+where the river is low, and are excellent till
+the end of August, used with the little brown
+fly, and ash fox.</p>
+
+<p>There are also three little flies which are
+very good in this month and the next, and
+although they are not very well known by name,
+nevertheless they will be found killing. First,
+the "Orange Wren," with orange mohair body,
+and wren tail hackle. Second, the "Golden<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>
+Wren," with golden yellow mohair body, and
+wren tail hackle for legs. Third, the "Green
+Wren," with green floss body, and wren tail for
+legs. The Brown Wren, and the little Peacock
+Wren, are also good. No. 13 hook. The latter
+little fly is called the "Shiner."</p>
+
+<p>No. 28. <span class="smcap">The Yellow Dun.</span>&mdash;The body is
+made of light buff-coloured fur, white sable far
+dyed yellow, and a honey dun cock's hackle for
+legs; two fibres of the same feather for tail;
+the wings are made of starling wing feather.
+No. 12 hook. This pretty little fly is a great
+favourite with the trout in the evenings of sultry
+days, till the end of August and September.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>FLIES FOR AUGUST.</h2>
+
+
+<p>No. 29. <span class="smcap">The Red Dun.</span>&mdash;The body is made
+of red orange hair, over which roll a small dun
+hackle; the wings are a dun grey, and are
+made of starling wing feather, mixed with a
+little mallard. No. 10 hook. It may be varied
+thus: Red legs and dun body; orange floss
+body, over which roll a black hackle, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span>
+starling wing. The size of hook to vary from
+No. 10 to No. 7.</p>
+
+<p>This is an excellent fly in rapid streams
+where there are large trout; it is so attractive
+that they cannot refuse it when it moves over
+them. Trout that lie or haunt strong streams,
+are called, in Ireland, "Hunters." The cause
+is, no doubt, through their being thin and long
+in the body, and are possessed with enormous
+mouths to take in their prey. They take small
+trout freely.</p>
+
+<p>No. 30. <span class="smcap">The Ant Fly.</span>&mdash;The body is made
+of brown floss silk, and a small fibred peacock
+harl at tail; a brown red hackle for legs, and
+wings of starling feather. No. 10 hook.</p>
+
+<p>There is a black ant the same size as the
+above, and a red and black one much larger;
+the black one is made of black floss for the
+body, small black hackle for legs, and a blackbird's
+wing for the wings of the fly. The small
+ones kill on fine days, and the larger ones
+when there is a strong wind, which blows them
+on the water, and causes a ripple.</p>
+
+<p>No. 31. <span class="smcap">The Caperer.</span>&mdash;The body is made
+of brown mohair, or floss silk of a copper
+colour, and tipped with gold at the tail; a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>
+brown red cock's hackle at the shoulder for
+legs, and winged with the woodcock wing
+feather. No. 8 hook. This fly may be seen
+on fine sultry days whirling up and down over
+the water, and occasionally dipping on the surface;
+the trout take them very freely. This
+fly will be found on the water till the end of
+September, with the paler dun, yellow dun,
+blue dun, and willow fly. The greyling also
+like these little flies.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 354px;"><a name="Plate_14" id="Plate_14"></a>
+<a href="images/i_124-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_124.jpg" width="354" height="600" alt="Plate of Larvas and Green Drakes." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Winged Larva.</span>&mdash;The body is made of
+brown mohair; the larva is attached to this
+body at the shoulder, and tailed with two fibres
+of golden pheasant neck feather, a woodcock
+hackle round the shoulder, and winged with hen
+pheasant tail, mixed with a little woodcock or
+partridge tail feather, and a bronze peacock
+head. No. 8 hook. It will be found a good
+fly on dark windy days in this month and the
+next, and during the prevalence of winds from
+the east; it will do best where a strong rapid
+stream runs into a deep pool.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">A Substitute for the Winged Larva</span>:&mdash;The
+body is made of bright golden yellow mohair,
+which looks very transparent; a woodcock
+wing, and a hackle off the same bird, with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span>
+two fibres of golden pheasant neck feather for
+tail. No. 8 hook.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Willow Flies.</span>&mdash;The body of the first
+is made of blue squirrel's fur, mixed with a
+little yellow mohair; a blue dun cock's hackle
+round the shoulder, and a tomtit wing. No. 8
+hook. The second fly is made of orange silk
+body, ribbed with fine black silk; a very dark
+furnace hackle round the head, and blackbird's
+wing. No. 10 hook. The third fly is made of
+the wings or blue feather of the sea-swallow,
+for the wing of the fly, and the lightest blue
+fur that can be got for body (the fine blue of
+the fox's neck, next to the skin; the fur of a
+very young water-rat, or the lightest blue fur
+of the squirrel); a light dun cock's hackle, and
+a tail of the same. No. 10 hook. These little
+flies will kill till the end of October, and are
+excellent fur greyling. There are hundreds
+of other flies that make their appearance on
+the water through the summer months, which
+come under the angler's notice when in pursuit
+of his pastime, that may be imitated to
+advantage, the varieties of which must fill the
+mind with admiration.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>FISHING RODS AND FLY FISHING.</h2>
+
+
+<p>For a trout rod, to have a good balance
+from the butt to the extreme top, it is essentially
+necessary that the wood should be
+well-seasoned, straight in the grain, and free
+from knots and imperfections. It should consist
+of three or four joints, according to fancy.
+There is not the least occasion for a rod to be
+glued up in pieces first, and then cut into
+lengths and fitted with ferrules, for then you
+have the unnecessary trouble of lapping the
+splices, but it is best to clean each piece separately,
+and measure the exact taper each piece
+should be to one another with the ferrules to
+fit in the same proportion, the least thing wider
+at the lower end than at the top; the ends to
+be bored for the tongues to fit into tightly to
+prevent shaking, that when they are double
+brazed they may fit air-tight.</p>
+
+<p>The ends must be bored previous to planing
+down the substance of the pieces, and tied
+round with waxed thread to prevent them
+from opening or cracking, so that these
+pieces may be pushed into each end of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>
+boring whilst the rod is planed up to its proper
+substance or size, except the tops, which should
+be well glued-up pieces of bamboo cane, and
+filed down to their proper sizes to suit the
+other parts of the rod; this may be also done
+by fastening the tongue of the top in the bored
+joint next in size. The butt should be made
+of ash, the middle piece of hickory, and the
+top of bamboo, which is the lightest and
+toughest of all woods that can be brought to
+so fine a consistency. The length of the rod
+for single-hand fly fishing should be from
+twelve to thirteen feet long&mdash;a length which
+may be used with great facility without tiring
+the arm. The butt should be easy in the grasp
+and not a great deal of timber in it; the next
+piece to be nearly as stout as the butt above
+the ferrule for a foot and a half, this prevents
+its being weak at that particular part, which
+otherwise would cause the rod to be limber in
+the middle; the next or fourth piece to be
+stiffer and lighter in the wood to keep up the
+top; the whole rod to stand nearly straight up
+when held in the hand, and to have a smart
+spring above, which assists materially in getting
+out the line when throwing. The splices of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>
+the tops should be tightly bound over with the
+finest silk, well waxed, and over all three or
+four coats of good varnish that is not liable
+to crack. You cannot bind the splices tight
+enough with coarse three-cord silk, the top
+being so small it cannot be drawn together
+near so well as with fine silk, and when the
+varnish rubs off it opens and admits the water,
+which loosens the glued splice inside. The
+fine waxed silk is to be preferred by all means,
+as it lies closer on the wood, becomes harder,
+and makes the splice stiffer to work with the
+other parts.</p>
+
+<p>When the whole is ringed, ferruled, and
+fitted for the reel complete, it should not (a
+twelve foot) exceed one pound; it will afford
+great comfort to the fly fisher in his innocent
+pursuit, and will not fatigue him during a long
+summer day. The reel should be light, in
+proportion to the rod, and to contain thirty
+yards of silk and hair line made fine and taper,
+and when the rod is grasped in the hand a
+little way above the reel, the balance should be
+the same above the hand as below it, so that it
+may be used with the greatest ease.</p>
+
+<p>The beautiful rent and glued-up bamboo-cane<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span>
+fly rods, which I turn out to the greatest
+perfection, are very valuable, as they are both
+light and powerful, and throw the line with
+great facility. The cane for these rods must be
+of the very best description, or they will not
+last any time. They will last for years if
+properly made, and of course the fisher must
+take care of them; they are best when made
+into pocket rods, in eight joints, with all the
+knots cut out, and the good pieces between each
+knot rent and glued up; these may be had
+in my shop of as good a balance as a three-joint
+rod, most superbly made of the lightest
+brazings. They make capital perch and roach
+rods with a bait top added to the extra fly top,
+with bored butt to hold all. These rods can
+be made to suit a lady's hand for either boat
+or fly fishing.</p>
+
+<p>The salmon rod should be made in four
+pieces or joints. The butt of the best long
+grained solid ash, the wood of which is not so
+heavy as hickory, and is not liable to break at
+the ferrule, that is, if the ferrule is put on
+"flush," without letting it into the wood by
+scoring it; the piece above the butt, and the
+joint next the top, should be of the very best<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>
+well-seasoned hickory, without crack or flaw;
+the tops to be made of the best yellow bamboo
+cane, either rent and glued up in three pieces,
+or spliced in short lengths with the knots cut
+away; the first joint to be nearly as stout as
+the substance of the wood above the ferrule as
+the end of the butt for a foot and a half, to
+prevent the rod being limber in the middle;
+the next joint that holds the top should be
+very smart, and come up at a touch when bent
+with the hand, and the extreme lightness of
+the cane top prevents all appearance of its
+being top-heavy, which cannot be prevented
+with lance-wood, unless it is made very fine
+indeed, and then it becomes useless. The
+length of the rod should not exceed seventeen
+or eighteen feet long, and for light rivers, sixteen
+feet is quite long enough; if the angler
+fly fishes for salmon from a boat, fourteen feet
+will be sufficient, made, of course, very powerful
+throughout, as in some large rivers a salmon
+will take the fly close to the boat in strong and
+deep streams. The rings should be pretty
+large, to admit of the line running freely, and
+the joints double brazed, which prevents the
+bare wood of the tongues twisting off when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>
+the rod is taken to pieces after a day's fishing,
+particularly when they get wet. The reel
+fittings should be about a foot and a half, or
+say twenty inches from the extreme end, that
+there may be room for the left hand to grasp
+it easily below the reel, which prevents the rod
+hanging heavy on the arms, and will balance it
+much better than having the reel too near the
+end of the butt. When the salmon rod is bent
+after playing a fish, it can be easily straightened
+by turning it when the next fish is hooked, and
+allow the line to run through the rings on the
+top of the rod; by holding it in that position,
+you can see how you are winding up the line
+on the reel, and regulate it according as the
+fish runs towards you, for if the reel is held
+underneath when the fish is on, if he runs
+towards you, it cannot be seen whether the line
+runs on in a lump or not, which, if it does,
+often causes it to stop, and may occasion the
+loss of your fish.</p>
+
+<p>The most essential and nicest point of all is
+in casting the line and trout flies neatly on the
+water, which, when properly accomplished in a
+masterly way, will be the greatest means towards
+the success of the fly fisher in hooking<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>
+and catching his fish. In the first place, the
+fisher should keep as far off the water as
+possible when throwing next his own side, and
+make it a rule, whenever he can, to angle on
+the bank from which the wind blows, as it will
+enable him to throw the flies across to the
+opposite bank, and play them gently down the
+stream in a slanting direction towards him,
+moving backwards as they approach his side,
+drawing them up along the bank if the stream
+is any ways deep, as a trout of good size is
+often lying in such a place when undisturbed,
+as you fish cautiously down.</p>
+
+<p>The line should not be let off the reel too
+fast when you begin to throw, that the stream
+may be carefully covered near you, and as you
+move along let it off so as to cover the whole of
+the water. Hold the rod firmly above the reel
+in the right hand, and take hold of the end of
+the casting line in the left, give it a motion
+towards your left shoulder, and over the head
+with a circle to the full length of the flies
+behind you, and with a spring of the rod and
+motion of the arm bring them right before you
+on to the stream, as straightly and lightly as
+possible, and by this method you will prevent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span>
+them whipping off behind in a very short time;
+allow the line always to stretch to its full
+length behind, and keep them on the move,
+with the backward sweep of the rod round the
+head propel them forward to the place you
+desire they should fall, and I do not doubt
+that you will make neither splash nor ripple
+on the surface. And when a fish makes a rise,
+move the rod upwards with a gentle pull, which
+is better than striking hard, as the small hook
+is easily driven, and there is no occasion to
+break the hold or line. Never hold too hard on
+a large fish, but let him run if he will, a
+small one may be landed immediately. By
+no means attempt to go "an angling" without
+a landing net, as there may be danger in
+losing your fish, after having the trouble or
+sport of playing him a long time, and the bank
+high on your side. I have been always in the
+habit of fishing down the stream, throwing my
+flies slantingly to the opposite bank, and
+letting them fall gradually with the current,
+and walking slowly along lifting and throwing
+them at my leisure&mdash;it is all fancy whether
+up or down you go, so as it is well done&mdash;what
+you have habituated yourself to in fly fishing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>
+in general, that do. Keep your shadow
+as much as possible off the water, and when
+you land your fish let his head drop into the
+net first, and his whole weight will follow, lift
+him clean up on the bank with a pull of the net
+towards you, as this prevents him dropping out.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>FLY-FISHING FOR SALMON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>When you begin fly-fishing for Salmon, you
+must be careful not to let out too much of the
+reel line first, but when you become accustomed
+to it, and are master of throwing a short one,
+let it out gradually till you are enabled to cover
+the pool over which you cast with ease.</p>
+
+<p>If you practice throwing over a smooth wide
+part of the river, you will see how your line
+falls on the water, whether thrown in a lump,
+or light and straight without a splash; but at
+one time you may cast the line right out over
+the stream at its full length, and on giving
+another cast you may allow the line to fall on
+the water in the middle of it first, and the fly
+to fall last, which is not so good, but in either
+way the fish will rise and take it; by the
+last cast you may get the line farther off, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>
+the fly alighting near the opposite bank, it is
+very apt to be taken by a fish lying close under
+it; and when throwing, keep the point of the
+rod up out of the water, and do not let it strike
+it; throw across in a rather slanting direction,
+allowing the fly to sweep down without a curve
+in the middle of the line, and at the same time
+move the rod playfully to give the fly a life-like
+appearance; drawing it in towards your
+side of the bank, moving it up and down
+gradually with the current, and when a fish
+takes the fly raise your hand, and fasten the
+hook without a jerk, holding up your rod at
+the same time with what is termed a "sweet
+fast," that it may not get slack at any time till
+you have killed him; when you poise the rod
+in your hands for a throw, the whole knack is
+in keeping the left hand steady, and with a
+turn of the right hand cause the line to make
+a circle round the left shoulder and over the
+head, propel it forward with the spring of the
+rod, keeping the fly going all the time till it
+falls on the water before you as straight as
+possible; when you lift the fly out of the water
+to throw again, you require to make use of the
+strength of the right arm, giving it the proper<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>
+turn round with the wrist, making a sweep of
+the extent of the line behind you, and with the
+spring and power of the rod direct the fly on
+that part of the stream where you desire it
+should fall; letting the line out occasionally off
+the reel with your hand, which gives the fly a
+very natural motion on the water, moving it
+gradually down towards your side, when you
+lift the line out and make another throw as
+before a little lower down, and so on until you
+cover the whole stream.</p>
+
+<p>You may change to the left hand when you
+are tired with the right, or according to the
+side you are fishing from, to facilitate and ease
+your exertion as much as possible when throwing
+a long line. When I have happened to be
+in a barn at a farm house on the river side, I
+have often thought when taking up the flail to
+thrash awhile, whilst the man was resting
+himself, that the exertion was remarkably like
+throwing the fly with the Salmon rod, the
+whole method appears to be in the turn of the
+wrist and arm, for when the flail is raised up and
+wound over the left shoulder, with a certain
+impulse known to one's self you propel it
+forward over the head, striking the sheaf on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>
+the ground with full force on any part you like,
+where you think there are any ears in it.</p>
+
+<p>Many may not be acquainted with flail
+thrashing, but were they to understand the
+knack, it is easily done; so, also, is the
+using of the salmon rod, with a little practice,
+and observing a good thrower if you happen
+to meet one on the river, or an old fisherman
+you employ.</p>
+
+<p>Keep yourself steady on your feet, and your
+body well up when casting, as it gives more
+power to the muscles, and when a salmon is
+fairly hooked it will prevent your being nervous
+or striking too quick, but as I said before, rise
+your hand and keep the line taut; as the fish
+will often rise several times out of the water
+in succession when first pricked with the hook,
+on finding himself detained; when he runs
+keep the rod nearly perpendicular, as the
+spring of it will soon tire him out; if he is a
+good way off and makes a rush towards you,
+wind up your line quickly, keeping it taut at
+the same time, and moving backwards till he
+is near your own shore: if he rolls over in the
+water apply the gaff and lift him out, but if he
+is not regularly beat he will rush off again on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span>
+seeing the gaff with great strength, give in he
+must at last by the gentle strain of the rod
+that is always upon him. He often gets sulky,
+and lies down on the bottom of the river, when
+it will be found difficult to start him again: a
+clearing ring let down the line on his nose will
+cause him to run, and when he does so, it is
+best to bear stronger upon him, as in so doing
+you have the best chance of quickly tiring and
+capturing him. I think it the best plan to lay the
+gaff under him, and gaff him in the gills, which
+prevents tearing or making a hole in the fish.</p>
+
+<p>The Salmon reel should be made of the
+lightest and hardest material, not too much
+contracted, but a good width, that the line
+may be wound up evenly without incumbrance;
+a plain upright handle is much the
+safest when playing a fish, as the portable
+ones are apt to crack or snap off if they meet
+the least obstruction in the running out of the
+line; and the portable handle stands too far
+out, which catches the line almost every time
+it is drawn off or a cast given. Small reels
+may be made with portable handles, without
+any fear of their breaking, as the fish are
+small and can be managed easily.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The salmon line should be of silk and hair
+eight-plait or four-plait, eighty or a hundred
+yards long, and for small rivers, sixty yards for
+a sixteen feet rod. The casting line for clear
+waters should be half treble and half single
+gut, to suit grilse or small salmon flies in
+summer; and in the spring of the year when
+large flies are in use, good strong-twisted gut,
+three yards long, is what is necessary for a
+heavy reel line, particularly in large rivers, as
+the Shannon and the Bann in Ireland, and the
+Tweed in Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>There are not three better Salmon Rivers in
+the world than the above, were the salmon
+allowed access into them during the summer
+months for the amusement of those great
+angling gentlemen who would visit them
+during that period, or even if there were but a
+few let up past the "cruives" or "cuts," that
+there might be a sprinkling for them to throw
+flies over. It would not matter to them what
+nets the fishermen along the shores of the
+estuaries used, as they only affect the "Cruives,"
+or "Fixed Traps" built across the rivers, as of
+course less fish run into them, and there would
+be abundance of salmon and grilse go up the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>
+centre or deep part of the river, which the
+fishermen could not possibly reach.</p>
+
+<p>These "Traps" are kept down all the summer,
+from the early spring till the end of
+August, at which period they are what is termed
+"lifted," and up run the spawning fish; and
+the great fly fishers now lay by their rods and
+tackle for that season, as fly fishing is prohibited
+when the salmon are spawning in the rivers.
+There is certainly a respite in the Tweed,
+when the nets are taken off at the end of the
+season for the accommodation of the fly fisher;
+and were it so in the Shannon and the Bann,
+there would be very great satisfaction in having
+a month or six weeks' fishing in these splendid
+rivers. They are certainly free throughout the
+summer to the fly fisher, but he might labour
+a whole day with his rod and fly without getting
+a rise, except by chance.</p>
+
+<p>There will never be any good done until the
+"cruives" or "cuts" are removed off the rivers,
+unless the head landlord would make an agreement
+with the renter of the "cruive," and
+enforce it as a law,&mdash;to lift the "cruive" two
+days in the week, that there might be fish in
+the rivers for the accommodation of the great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>
+body of gentlemen anglers who make it their
+business to travel to these rivers to find amusement
+in Fly Fishing, at very great expense;
+although I do not know if even this would do,&mdash;it
+would be best by all means to remove
+them; and, independent of fair netting for the
+general supply at the mouths and estuaries, a
+Society of Anglers could rent the entire river,
+were the owner to meet them on liberal terms
+which no doubt he would, and this would
+prevent the destruction by degrees of the best
+breeding-fish in the river.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>AN ACCOUNT OF THE SALMON,<br />
+AND ITS VARIETIES.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I desire merely to give some account of this
+beautiful fish for the information of my readers,
+the knowledge of which has come under my
+own notice, in the rivers of Ireland in particular,
+amongst the fishermen at their mouths, at the
+"cruives" or "cuts," and throughout my
+rambles along their banks.</p>
+
+<p>This excellent salmon is a very handsome
+fish, the head is small, the body rather long
+and covered with bright scales, the back is of a
+bluish shade, the other parts white, and marked
+with irregular dark brown spots on the head,
+the covers of the gills, down each side from
+the lateral lines to near the edge of the back,
+very few are to be seen below the lines which
+run from head to tail; the tail is forked.</p>
+
+<p>He takes great delight in pursuing small
+fish and fry, and in playing and jumping on the
+top of the water, at insects no doubt, and for his
+own sport.</p>
+
+<p>It has been often said that there was never
+any thing found in the salmon's stomach such<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span>
+as edibles, but it has been recently discovered
+that they prey upon herrings, sprats, fry, and
+other dainties in their native element; and as
+these fish are very nutritious and fat in themselves,
+no doubt the nourishing channel in
+them receives the substance of the food very
+quickly, as it appears to be digested so rapidly
+in their stomachs. He leaves the sea for the
+fresh water rivers about January and February,
+and continues to run up till September and
+October, their spawning time, and some spawn
+after this time; they are often big with roe in
+December and January, in the end of August
+or the beginning of September; when they are
+in roe regularly, they cannot be in proper
+season; they get soft, their beautiful color and
+spots vanish, and they do not appear like the
+same fish. They travel up rivers as far as
+they can possibly get, into lakes and their
+feeders, and tributaries of large rivers, where
+they take delight in the broad gravelly fords,
+and strong deep running currents, which they
+like to be as clear as crystal, to effect which
+they will leap over weirs, waterfalls, "cuts,"
+"cruives," and "traps," when there is a flood
+rushing over them, to the great delight of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>
+fly fisher, who loves to see them run and escape
+these obstructions.</p>
+
+<p>The male fish is supplied by nature with a
+hard gristly beak on the end of the under
+jaw, which fits into a socket in the upper jaw
+to a nicety; with this the Salmon go to work
+with their heads up stream, rising their tails
+sometimes nearly perpendicular, and root up
+the sand and gravel in heaps, leaving a hollow
+between, wherein the female deposits the eggs;
+the male fish still performing his part, chasing
+away the large trout that are ready to root it up
+(the spawn), he covers it over substantially
+against the forthcoming winter's floods and
+storms. By this time he becomes wearied,
+spent, and sickly, and then turns himself round
+and makes head for the sea, where, if once
+happily arrived, he soon makes up for the
+debility in his blue, his fresh, and ever free
+element. The refreshing and purging nature
+of the salt water soon makes him once more
+strong and healthy, he may be seen leaping
+and playing in the sea near the river's mouth
+on his recovery. I have been told by fishermen
+that they proceed in shoals to the ice
+fields in the North Seas, and return to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>
+rivers and estuaries in the spring and summer
+as they departed, in large shoals; they discover
+themselves in the bays by jumping out of the
+water as they near the river.</p>
+
+<p>The Salmon haunts the deepest, strongest,
+and most rapid rivers, and is rarely to be seen
+in those wherein there is much traffic, or that
+are sullen or muddy. They prefer the upper
+parts of rough streams that run into large
+pools, and the tails of these pools, behind
+large stones, in the middle and at sides of
+waterfalls in the eddies, these are the parts to
+throw for them, but the fisherman on the water
+will show the angler all the best places. The
+best months to angle for them are from March
+till the middle of August, after September they
+are out of season. They will take the fly best
+from six or seven o'clock in the morning till
+nine, and from three in the afternoon till dark,
+with a good wind blowing up stream. I have
+hooked them on the very top of a precipice,
+after surmounting the leap, where they lie to
+rest in the first deep pool they come to; they
+generally run down over the rocks or falls of
+water to the pool beneath, when they often get
+killed by the rapid descent.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE SALMON FRY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>These beautiful little fish, the production of
+the spawn of the salmon, make their appearance
+in March and April, and if a flood happens
+to rise or swell the rivers about the end of the
+latter month, they are taken down in great
+numbers, till at last they enter the brackish
+water, where they grow in a short time as large
+as white trout. The salt water adds much to
+their growth. In the following spring and
+summer they run up the rivers in great quantities
+if they are allowed, and return to the sea
+again before winter. On their second return
+up the rivers they will be grown very large,
+and are then called "Grilse," or "Peals," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>There is a <span class="smcap">Salmon Trout</span> of the same species,
+which is rounder in proportion to the Salmon,
+of a reddish hue when in season; it has small
+fine scales, beautifully intermixed with rich red
+and black spots on both sides of the lateral
+lines, from head to tail, and its handsome head
+is spotted over, as also the covers of the gills;
+the tail is shorter, and not so much forked as
+the salmon, and the fins are very strong. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>
+flesh is most delicious, and some prefer it
+to salmon. They may be seen in the Fishmongers'
+shops from May till the end of
+August.</p>
+
+<p>Another species is the Sewen of Wales, the
+White Trout of Ireland and England, and the
+Whiting of Scotland; they are very bright in
+colour, and run about the size of Mackerel;
+they haunt the roughest, strong streams, and
+gravelly bottoms. When they are hooked on
+the fly they will spring repeatedly out of the
+water, and afford pleasant sport for the angler.
+They take small gaudy flies like the Salmon
+Trout, and when the water is low, dun flies,
+black hackle flies with silver ribs, and grouse
+hackles of a light brown colour and yellow
+bodies. The hooks about Nos. 6 and 8.</p>
+
+<p>Another species is the Bull-Trout, which
+has a short thick head, and a brownish body,
+covered with spots of a brown colour, and are
+found in all rivers having communication with
+the sea, and their tributaries, if there are
+no obstructions to prevent their running up.
+They are found running up the rivers in June
+and July, and in these months and August, are
+in good season. They are rather a dry fish.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The <span class="smcap">Par</span> or <span class="smcap">Last-Spring</span> are most plentiful
+in salmon rivers from May till the end of
+August, and are very much like the salmon
+fry, only for the dark bars across them, and
+towards the end of the season they are variously
+marked. There is no little fish so plump and
+lively when taken with the fly, except the
+Salmon Fry. As the Sea-Trout are known to
+grow to the weight of sixteen and twenty
+pounds in large rivers, such as the Tweed, the
+Shannon, and the Bann, the Par may be the
+fry of these fish, which run up the rivers in
+the spring and summer. These Sea-Trout
+differ much in shape and colour to the real
+Salmon, and are what are termed Salmon in
+the London markets.&mdash;This I heard from a
+fisherman at the mouth of the Tweed, who
+pointed out a large creel full to me, just taken
+in the nets, and amongst the whole there
+was but one Salmon. The Sea-Trout may be
+known by being paler, and covered with more
+spots, and by being longer and thinner in the
+body; the head is also much longer.</p>
+
+<p>There is a rich golden hue over the Salmon
+when you get a side look of it; the body is
+plump and boar-backed, the head is very small,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>
+and there are few spots, except above the
+lateral lines.</p>
+
+<p>I have seen the Par so numerous in the
+River Dovey, in Wales, that a man (a guide),
+took my salmon rod, and a cast of four small
+flies, the sun shining, and in two hours he
+killed nine pounds weight of these fish, about
+a finger in length or less. It perfectly surprised
+me; but it seems that this was but a
+small quantity in comparison to what the fishers
+were in the habit of taking out in a day. It
+appeared so, as the inn-keeper's wife potted
+them in large jars. These rivers abound with
+Sewen, Sea-Trout, and White Trout; the first-named
+fish is the White Trout of Wales, which
+corresponds with the Irish fish of that name,
+and called in Wales, Sewen. The Par may be
+the fry of these fish, which are of the Salmon
+species, and ought to be protected by law.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 351px;"><a name="Plate_15" id="Plate_15"></a>
+<a href="images/i_153-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_153.jpg" width="351" height="600" alt="Plate of Gaudy Flies, Nos. 1, 2, 3" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>A DESCRIPTION OF THE FIFTEEN<br />
+SALMON FLIES ENGRAVED IN<br />
+THE PLATES.</h2>
+
+
+<p>These fifteen Salmon Flies may be considered
+by my readers as specimens of real
+perfection, and the "dons" of the present time
+amongst the great Salmon fishers. There is
+such a combination of colours in them throughout,
+that they will be found most killing in the
+rivers of Scotland and Ireland, if made on
+hooks of sizes to suit each, and their proper
+seasons.</p>
+
+<p>I have taken the greatest pains imaginable
+to make them in proportion, and of the most
+choice materials, which will greatly amuse the
+amateur in his leisure hours to imitate them,
+and if he goes by the models, and their descriptions,
+he will find them, when completed, what
+may be termed by a Salmon fisher, magnificent.
+Their life-like and alluring appearance, when
+humoured attractively with the rod and line, will
+cause them to be very deceptive to the Salmon,
+and they will rise out of the water at them with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>
+such greediness (the fun of it is) as to mistake
+them for living insects. I have seen them
+swim after the fly for some distance, as quietly
+as possible, before making a rush at it, then
+seize it, show their back fin, and then the
+points of their tail&mdash;the break of the water
+they have made closes&mdash;you "rise your hand,"
+and the hook is "anchored."</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. I shall name this <span class="smcap">The Spirit Fly</span>,
+in consequence of its numerously-jointed body,
+its fanciful, florid, and delicate appearance.
+Its colours will be found most enticing to the
+fish, and is a sister fly to Ondine, in the
+"Book of the Salmon," by "Ephemera."</p>
+
+<p>The wings are made of six toppings, with a
+broad strip of wood duck on each side, a red
+Hymalaya crest feather at top, a cock of the
+rock feather, blue kingfisher feather at each
+side, a black head, and feelers of macaw. The
+body is made of joints of black, orange floss,
+and a tip of gold tinsel at the tail, tail two
+small toppings, a tag of puce silk and ostrich,
+(it must be tied with very fine silk that the
+body may not be lumpy, but to show gradually
+taper from the tail to the head, and the hackle
+to be stripped at one side to roll even), and at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span>
+each joint a scarlet hackle, with a tip of gold
+tinsel under each joint, to make it lively looking.
+There is a purple hackle, or very dark blue,
+struck round the shoulder. The size of the
+hook is No. 6 or 7. Salmon, B or BB.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. The wings are composed of golden
+pheasant tail feather, mixed with the following:
+strips of bustard, scarlet macaw, wood-duck,
+mallard, yellow macaw body feather, silver
+pheasant, and a topping over all, extending a
+little longer than the other feathers; blue and
+yellow macaw feelers. The wing, as above,
+should be laid out on a piece of paper, ready
+to tie on after the body and legs are formed,
+the jay rolled over the head in this fly, and the
+head tied on last, of black ostrich. The tail is
+a topping, mixed with a strip of wood-duck
+feather, tipped with silver twist, a tag of gold-colour
+floss, and black ostrich; the body puce
+floss to the centre, and the remainder orange
+pig hair or mohair, ribbed with broad silver
+tinsel, and a guinea-hen rump feather rolled
+over the orange beneath the jay hackle. This
+is about as fine a specimen of a Salmon fly as
+ever was thrown into the water, and will kill
+Salmon and Grilse, made small, in every<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span>
+Salmon river in Great Britain. The hook
+No. 6 or 9, Limerick.</p>
+
+<p>The best Irish hooks are numbered from
+No. 1, largest Salmon size, to No. 10, Sea-Trout
+size.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. This is another of the Spirit Flies
+that kill so well in the rivers of Ireland and
+Scotland, at high water, particularly the Spey
+and Tweed. The wings are made of the following
+mixtures of feathers, each side of the
+wings to be alike: Brown mallard, bustard
+and wood-duck; a topping, scarlet macaw, teal,
+golden pheasant neck feather, a strip of yellow
+macaw, and feelers of blue and yellow tail; a
+head of black ostrich; the tail to be a topping,
+mixed with green and red parrot tail; the body
+is composed of joints, first a tip of silver, a
+tag of morone floss, a tag of black, a joint of
+brown, green and brown-red hackle, puce and
+red, green and yellow, blue and orange, with a
+tip of gold tinsel at each joint, a very small
+red hackle, and two red toucan feathers round
+the shoulder, and blue kingfisher's feather on
+each side of the wings. The hook No. 6, and
+No. 10 for Grilse.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. A celebrated Claret Fly, of very killing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span>
+qualities both in Scotland and Ireland, and
+in the Thames as a trout fly. The wings are
+composed of two wood-duck feathers wanting
+the white tips, and two strips of the same kind
+of feather with white tips; the head is made of
+peacock harl; the tail is two or three strips of
+hen pheasant tail, with a short tuft of red
+orange macaw body feather or parrot, tipped
+with silver, and gold ribbing over the body,
+which is formed of claret pig hair, over which
+roll two richly dyed claret hackles, struck in
+fine proportion from the tail up. The hook
+No. 6 or 10. It is a capital fly in lakes for
+large trout, as a breeze or gentle gale only
+causes a ripple, and a strong wind does not do
+so well in lakes with the fly, as it makes waves,
+although good for a large size minnow.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 351px;"><a name="Plate_16" id="Plate_16"></a>
+<a href="images/i_158-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_158.jpg" width="351" height="600" alt="Plate of three Salmon-flies, Nos. 4, 5, 6" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p>No. 5. A brown fly, a general favorite among
+the "old ones," on every salmon river in Ireland
+and Scotland, particularly the latter, and
+in rivers a good way up from the sea, on a dark
+day, with a good breeze blowing up the stream.
+The following fly, No. 6, may be used in a
+similar manner. The wings are made of the
+golden pheasant tail that has the long clouded
+bar in the feather, rather full, and two rather<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span>
+broad strips of light brown white-tipped turkey
+tail feather at each side; a good size peacock
+harl head, and feelers of scarlet macaw feather;
+tipped at the tail with gold tinsel&mdash;the tail a
+small bright topping, and a tag of gold-colour
+floss silk; the body is made of cinnamon, or
+yellow-brown pig hair or mohair, ribbed with
+double silver twist; over the body roll a real
+brown red cock's hackle, and round the throttle
+roll on a bright red-brown small-spotted grouse
+hackle, or a brown mottled feather of the hen
+Argus pheasant's neck or back. BB hook, or
+a No. 8.</p>
+
+<p>No. 6. A Silver Grey Fly, a great favorite
+on the lakes of Killarney for Salmon and
+Grilse, and at Waterville, in the County of
+Kerry, for Sea and White Trout, made small
+on a No. 10 hook, about the size of a No. 6
+Trout hook of English make. The wings are
+made of golden pheasant tail feather, mixed
+with mallard, red macaw, blue and yellow body
+feathers of the macaw, guinea hen, and golden
+pheasant neck feathers, with feelers of blue
+and yellow macaw, a black head; tipped at the
+tail with silver and orange floss tag, the tail a
+topping mixed with red and blue macaw feather,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span>
+(those blues that are found under the
+wings of that bird which are of a very light
+hue) and guinea hen: the body is made of the
+silver dun monkey if it can be got, light dun
+fox or squirrel fur, or dyed blue dun mohair
+mixed with yellow,&mdash;all these are good for a
+body, ribbed with broad silver tinsel, and a
+hackle of a real dun cock that has a yellowish
+motley shade throughout it, rolled up to the
+head, and round the shoulder a bright orange
+dyed hackle, underneath which tie in a little
+orange mohair. It may be varied with a claret
+hackle at the head, or a fiery brown one.
+No. 9 hook. A small grilse or sea-trout hook,
+for small rivers in either Scotland or Ireland,
+and also in the rivers of Wales, where it is a
+native dun colour among the anglers. It will
+be found a "don" to rise them.</p>
+
+<p>No. 7. A large dun palmer with a double
+hook, which, will be observed, is of a tortuous
+shape in the body, as it appears in the plate.
+The shape may be obtained by tying the hooks
+back to back, the top one to be tied about
+quarter way down the shank of the end one,
+and the gut tied tightly on each, (twisted gut
+of course when you form a loop).</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 352px;"><a name="Plate_17" id="Plate_17"></a>
+<a href="images/i_162-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_162.jpg" width="352" height="600" alt="Plate of four Flies, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10" title="" /></a>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It will be found a "killer" in large pools
+surrounded with trees in stormy weather, and
+in rapid streams running into or near the sea,
+where they take it most likely for a shrimp, as
+it corresponds in color. The legs are composed
+of about six hackles of a real blue dun old
+cock-saddle feather, having a motley yellowish
+hue, and peacock harl head, rather full; the
+body is made of orange pig hair and yellow
+mohair mixed, the former drawn out amongst
+the fibres of the hackles, which must be struck
+on two at a time, commencing at the tail, till
+it is all built up to the head, where there may
+be three hackles to make it fuller,&mdash;it would
+be as well to have a small swivel at the head,
+that it might spin gently round when moved in
+the water. No. 9 hook, or small grilse size for
+large trout. It may be varied with gold, old
+dun cock's hackles, and red body.</p>
+
+<p>No. 8 is a beautiful specimen of a gaudy fly.
+The wings, which are finely mixed of rich
+feathers, are made of the following sorts:&mdash;orange,
+yellow, and blue macaw body feathers,
+three strips of each; teal, bustard, and golden
+pheasant neck feathers broken in strips; silver
+pheasant tail, light brown golden pheasant tail<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>
+feather, and a topping over all a little longer;
+a peacock harl head, and blue and yellow
+feelers. The body is formed in three joints, a
+tip of gold twist at the tail, a tag of peacock
+harl, and a bright small topping for tail; first,
+a joint of yellow floss, a joint of peacock, and
+two feathers of the red-tipped feather of the
+crest of the cock of the rock tied short above
+the harl and ribbed with gold; the next is a
+blue floss silk joint ribbed with gold, a peacock
+harl rolled on close, and two feathers of the
+crest of the cock of the rock tied close above
+it; and the third is an orange floss silk joint,
+a peacock harl tag, and ribbed with gold, two
+of the red-tipped feathers tied on close as
+above, and a blue jay round the shoulder.
+No. 8 hook on B. This is a famous grilse fly.</p>
+
+<p>No. 9 is another great beauty, and a capital
+grilse or small salmon fly for any river under
+the sun. The wings are made of two jungle-cock
+feathers, and two shorter feathers of the
+golden pheasant neck, the white ends of the
+jungle-cock to show well beyond the golden
+pheasant neck, two broad strips of wood-duck,
+one at each side, and a topping or two extending
+longer than the other feathers for feelers, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>
+black ostrich head; a tip of gold at the tail, a
+tag of yellow-green silk, a tag of black ostrich,
+and a bright topping for tail, above the ostrich
+a blue tag, and the body made of claret floss
+silk, ribbed with gold tinsel, and claret dyed
+hackle struck over the body, with a blue jay
+feather at the shoulder. The hook B or BB.</p>
+
+<p>No. 10. This is a famous high water fly for
+all salmon rivers, particularly in Scotland, and
+is not unlike the once celebrated "Parson Fly,"
+the favourite killer in all rivers of the Reverend
+St. John's; there is no salmon can resist its
+attractions in rapid pools in rivers near the sea.
+The preceding fly, No. 9, will be found to kill
+better a few miles higher up from the sea, as
+all plain flies do. If the No. 9 is winged with
+brown mallard or brown turkey tail feather, it
+will be found just the thing.</p>
+
+<p>The wings are made of two golden pheasant
+neck feathers, with a broad strip of peacock
+wing feather on each side, and a strip of scarlet
+macaw tail feather, the latter to be a little
+longer than the other feathers, a black ostrich
+head with a full brilliant blue jay feather round
+the shoulder. The body is made thus:&mdash;a tip
+of silver twist, a yellow floss silk tag, two small<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span>
+toppings for tail, the body is of golden yellow
+pig hair or mohair, ribbed with silver twist,
+with two golden yellow dyed hackles with a
+black streak up the centre, rolled from the tail
+to the head. No. 9 hook, B, or BB.</p>
+
+<p>No. 11 is a fly that will kill grilse or salmon
+in the light running rivers of the North of
+Scotland, and in all rivers where the salmon
+and its varieties haunt, and is made of different
+sizes. The wings are made of a few fibres of
+each of the following feathers: black and
+white small spotted bustard rump feather, teal,
+wood-duck, silver hen pheasant tail, and the
+silver cock pheasant tail black and white
+spotted feathers, the neck feather of the golden
+pheasant, and the red spear feather of the
+same bird, and at each side two small feathers
+of the black and white jungle cock, a black
+head, and topping. The body is made half
+yellow and half purple pig hair or mohair, the
+latter colour next the head, over which roll
+close up two black heron feathers off the crest;
+a tip of gold, and a small topping for tail, and
+over the yellow or purple body roll double gold
+twist. No. 7 hook, or BB.</p>
+
+<p>The Sea-Trout Fly underneath No. 11 in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span>
+same plate, will be found a killer either for
+sea-trout or grilse, in the rivers in Scotland,
+and the South of Ireland. The wings are
+made of a dark brown grouse hackle that grows
+on the rump of the bird, just above the tail,
+mixed with a small quantity of light brown
+turkey tail, or kite tail, which is the salmon tail
+glede of the north, and two feelers of blue and
+yellow macaw; a black head; the body is made
+with a tip of silver twist at the tail, and a tag
+of black ostrich; the tail is a mixture of golden
+pheasant neck feather, and brown mallard, two
+or three fibres of each; the body is blue floss
+silk, rather light, with an old black cock's hackle
+rolled over it, ribbed with fine silver twist;
+round the shoulder roll a claret or scarlet
+hackle. The hook No. 10, or C, double CC,
+or B, for grilse. There may be three or four
+varieties of this fly made thus:&mdash;body blue,
+with blue jay, same wings, with a little neck
+feather of the golden pheasant; orange body,
+same coloured hackle, and same wings, blue
+jay at head; a dun body, with fiery brown
+hackle at the head; a claret body&mdash;a yellow
+body, and small grouse; blue body, and guinea
+hen; and a yellow body, with guinea hen; a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>
+black body, black hackle, and the same wings
+and tail; a black fly, with teal wings; a brown
+body, brown hackle, and "glede" wings, two
+fibres of the same for tail. All these are the
+choicest colours for sea-trout and grilse flies in
+every salmon river in the kingdom.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 352px;"><a name="Plate_18" id="Plate_18"></a>
+<a href="images/i_170-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_170.jpg" width="352" height="600" alt="Large Spring Salmon-fly" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p>No. 12. Is a large <span class="smcap">Spring Fly</span> used generally
+in the Shannon, and the Tweed, when
+the rivers are very high and rapid. It will be
+found a magnificent specimen of a gaudy salmon
+fly, and is the proper size for March and April,
+when the fulness of the stream prevents the
+fish from seeing smaller ones. This fly will
+be seen to perfection in the Plate. With this,
+I will describe three or four others of the same
+size, of different colours, which came into my
+possession from Castle Connell, on the Banks
+of the Shannon.</p>
+
+<p>The wings of No. 12 are made of the small
+spotted brown Argus tail feather, golden pheasant
+tail, and the black and white peacock wing
+feather; scarlet and blue macaw, and in the
+centre an orange macaw feather whole, those
+that are tipped with blue and green&mdash;they are
+found on the shoulders of the red macaw and
+down the back; a tuft of broken neck feather<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>
+of the golden pheasant at the head, and feelers
+of blue and yellow macaw; a black head; a
+tip of gold at the tail, a tag of blue, another of
+orange floss and black ostrich, a good sized
+topping in the tail, and at its root a tuft of red
+spear feather of the golden pheasant rump;
+there is about half an inch body at the tail
+end, made of yellow mohair, and yellow hackle
+over it, ribbed with gold, the remainder of the
+body is made of puce floss silk, with a dark
+wine-purple hackle struck over it, ribbed with
+silver twist and flat gold, and a yellow body
+feather of the macaw rolled round the shoulder.
+The hook, No. 2 or 3, large Salmon size.</p>
+
+
+<p>SPRING FLIES.</p>
+
+<p>The following fine large flies will be excellent
+killers in the Shannon, the Tweed, the Thurso,
+the Spey, and the Tay, in the spring season.
+The bodies to be made small, the wings large.</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. The body is made of sky blue floss
+silk, ribbed with broad silver tinsel, tip of
+silver, and orange tag; a dark blue hackle
+from the tail up; two toppings in the tail, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span>
+large yellow pig hair or mohair head (white
+seal fur dyed yellow does well), a blue jay
+round the shoulder; the wings are a large
+yellow and a large blue feather of the macaw,
+which grows on the back and under the wings
+of that bird, two orange macaw feathers an inch
+shorter on each side of them, two toppings, a
+mixture of argus, bustard, scarlet and blue
+macaw, good size strips of each. No. 1 hook,
+full salmon size.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. The body is made of black floss silk,
+tipped with silver, tag of orange, ribbed with
+broad silver plate up the body, beside which a
+claret hackle, and the tail two toppings; the
+wings are made of a large red rump spear
+feather of the golden pheasant in the centre,
+four large toppings with a mixture of sprigging
+at each side of the following: Argus pheasant
+tail, bustard, blue and yellow macaw, blue jay
+at the shoulder, and a large size head of puce
+pig hair. Hook No. 1 or 2, Spring Salmon
+size.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. The body is made of black floss silk,
+ribbed with silver, orange tag, tip of silver, tail
+a topping with a little red; the wings are made
+of the whole yellow feathers of the macaw<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>
+which grow under the wings of the bird, two
+tipped feathers mixed with bustard, Argus,
+blue and scarlet macaw, and a blue head of
+pig hair or mohair. No. 1 or 2 hook.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. The body is made of light puce floss
+silk, ribbed with silver plate and gold twist, a
+claret hackle over it, tipped with silver, a
+topping for tail, and orange tag; the wings
+are made of yellow macaw, a red spear feather,
+four toppings, a mixture of bustard golden
+pheasant tail, kingfisher's each side, and a
+large blue head of mohair. (It cannot be too
+large for the Shannon). No. 1 hook, large
+Salmon size.</p>
+
+<p>No. 5. The body is made of puce floss,
+ribbed with broad silver and gold twist, purple
+hackle over it, orange tag, tip of silver, and tail
+a topping; the wings are made of two body
+feathers of the yellow macaw, mixed with blue
+macaw tail and Argus, two large toppings, and
+a dark blue pig hair head. Salmon hook No. 2,
+spring size.</p>
+
+<p>No. 6. This is another excellent fly. The
+wings are like the last named fly; a black floss
+body, ribbed with silver, and yellow hackle over
+it; a large blue head, picked out to hang down<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>
+like a hackle. No. 3 hook. This is a fly of
+"The Ogormans," of Ennis, in the County of
+Clare, see his Work on Angling. The two
+Salmon Flies in the plate, with "picker," are
+described for Killarney.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>SALMON RIVERS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>It will be most advantageous to my readers
+that I should give them some accurate accounts
+of the various Salmon Rivers, pointing out at
+the same time the best station on each where
+sport may be expected with the fly, and to
+know where to proceed before starting on their
+angling excursion, as the whole fun is in knowing
+the right places to prevent disappointment.
+There are numerous small size rivers, the
+local flies for which are of a plain and sombre
+hue, and which it will be necessary the fisher
+should be acquainted with&mdash;these I will give
+as I proceed.</p>
+
+<p>In summer, when the rivers are low, small
+plain flies are best, or rather so on dark days,
+with a good ripple, then they will entice them.
+They do not rise often when the sun is warm,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>
+except in rapid streams. Use small black
+bodied flies with silver and middling gaudy
+wings, mixed with teal or cock of the north
+feather&mdash;change it to a gaudy one if they do
+not take the black. Early in the mornings
+before the sun strikes the water, and from three
+o'clock till dark, or about sunset is a good time
+to move a large fish with a fly he likes. The
+two flies at the bottom of the plate with
+"picker," are most likely ones for that time in
+the day. The plain one is brown body, and
+wings of mallard. The bottom one is green
+body, and mixed wings of gaudy feathers; the
+body is a jointed one, of peacock green. I made
+it nearly twenty years ago,&mdash;it is a beautiful
+specimen of a gaudy fly for rapids after a flood.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVER TWEED.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I will begin with this large and beautiful
+salmon river, which runs rapidly along the
+borders of England and Scotland, taking a
+course from West to East. It flows majestically
+through a highly picturesque and cultivated
+country, washing many good towns on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span>
+its way to the sea, where it discharges its
+valuable waters at Berwick.</p>
+
+<p>The town of Kelso is the best station, as
+there is good fishing above and below it.
+There is a magnificent spot for a month or
+more of salmon fishing at a place called "The
+Throughs," three miles above the town,&mdash;it is
+a real picture of a place to the eyes of the
+fisher. Higher up is St. Boswell's, and a little
+higher, Melrose&mdash;both charming places. There
+is good angling in the Tiviot, at Kelso, in the
+spring; it runs into the Tweed on the opposite
+side. The trout are numerous in it. There
+are several capital stations below the town,
+where the fish take the fly most freely, which
+is not the case in most of the rivers of the
+same magnitude. The fifteen painted salmon
+flies will be found excellent killers in this noble
+river, and the six large spring flies.</p>
+
+<p>I have killed Grilse, Sea-Trout, and River-Trout
+with the Winged Larva at the "Throughs"
+in August. Easterly winds were prevailing at
+the time, and the fish would not stir at any
+other sort of fly. When the river runs very
+low small flies are best.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE RIVER SHANNON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>This is the largest and finest Salmon river
+in Britain. There is not a river in Norway
+that can be compared to it for fishing, were it
+properly used. The angler must proceed to
+its banks before he can say, conscientiously,
+that he has ever seen a salmon river. In its
+course it expands into three large and beautiful
+lakes, Lough Allen, Lough Ree, and Lough
+Derg. There are numerous islands in the
+latter one, with ruins of religious edifices, &amp;c.
+This noble river receives many tributaries, in
+which there is capital fly fishing, with rapids
+and falls of water till it reaches Limerick. It
+runs a hundred and twenty miles to this place,
+and sixty more to the sea. It is on leaving
+the lakes that it abounds with many delightful
+streams&mdash;the haunts of large Salmon and fine
+Trout. Six miles above Limerick, at Castle
+Connel, there is a splendid place for the fly,
+and Trout fishing is good. The angler will here
+behold a scene that will greatly amuse him.</p>
+
+<p>There are other capital casts for Salmon up
+to Killaloe, where the Pike and Eels are of an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>
+extraordinary size and quality. Lough Derg
+is close to this place, in which are caught the
+"Gillaroe" Trout; they have gizzards like turkeys,
+are short and round in the body, very red
+in the flesh when cooked, and they have a most
+delicious flavour.</p>
+
+<p>The best flies for the Shannon are the fifteen
+painted ones, and the six large flies for spring.
+You cannot fail with these beautiful flies.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE LAKES OF CLARE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>From the town of Killaloe the angler may
+proceed to the lakes of the County of Clare.
+You go west to the town of Broadford, eight
+miles distant, where there are three or four
+lakes, the furthest off one, Dromore; this town
+is eighteen miles off, and about eight from the
+county town, Ennis, on the river Fergus.
+Twelve miles up this river is Corrafin, a neat
+town, near which is the celebrated lake of
+"Inchiquin," famous for its large trout and
+splendid views. Here the angler will find
+boats and every accommodation.</p>
+
+<p>The flies in my list for the season will kill<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>
+exceedingly well in these lakes, made two or
+three sizes larger, and in fine weather the size
+they are.</p>
+
+<p>They are fond of grouse hackle, wrens,
+browns, turf-coloured flies, amber, black, grey,
+&amp;c., &amp;c., with brown grouse wings. The "yarn
+fly"<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> is not used here.</p>
+
+<p>Before the tourist angler leaves Killaloe, if
+he has time, he should by all means see the
+antiquities of the place, Lough Derg and Holy
+Island, where there are to be seen the ruins of
+seven churches, and a round tower 70 feet
+high, the entrenchments of "Brian Boroimhe,"
+King of Munster, at Cancora, and his tomb
+near the Cathedral in the town.</p>
+
+<p>This ancient town is seated on the western
+bank of the Shannon, in the County of Clare,
+over which there is a bridge of nineteen arches;
+at a short distance below it, this grand river
+rolls over tremendous ledges of rocks, where
+there is an excellent fishery. It is a great
+pity that this fine river should be prevented
+from being of the greatest benefit to the
+country through which it runs, all owing to
+the "cruives," the "stake nets," "bag nets,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span>
+and every other destructive invention that can
+be contrived for the wholesale slaughter of the
+splendid Salmon. Oh! look to it, you that
+have the power.</p>
+
+<p>From Limerick the angler may proceed to
+Athlone and Galway, but I should advise him
+to proceed to the south first, and fish the
+Blackwater and the lakes of Killarney; Mr.
+Jas. Butler has prohibited the fishing at Waterville
+this spring, in consequence, as he says,
+"of the numbers visiting, coupled with acts of
+poaching." I should say the lake is free, as it
+always was and ever has been, knowing that
+Mr. Butler is most polite to gentlemen.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Net.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>From Mallow, on the Blackwater, the angler
+proceeds to Killarney. It would be as well to
+go to Lismore, farther down from Mallow,
+where there is good Salmon fishing to be had;
+there is a Mr. Foley here (who rents the "weirs"
+of the Duke of Devonshire), he is most polite
+to strangers, and allows them to fish in the
+weirs, which are of some extent; and most of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>
+the Gentlemen residing on its banks, from
+Lismore up, will allow the stranger to fly-fish
+through their grounds, send their keepers to
+shew them the best places, and are most hospitable
+and polite. At the Killarney junction,
+Mallow, the angler takes his seat, and in a
+little time is delighted with the sight of the
+Lakes. I visited Killarney in 1848, on an
+angling excursion in Ireland, to recruit my
+fallen spirits, if possible, after many years of
+industrious labour, "and it is myself that
+would advise the sickly to go there, if he had
+legs to walk on," says poor Pat.</p>
+
+<p>To my great disappointment at the time, the
+Lakes were netted by their respective owners,
+which rather damped my spirits after going so
+far "a fishing"&mdash;my sport there was but inferior.
+It is not so now, many thanks to Lord Kenmare
+and Mr. Herbert, who have put a stop to the
+netting and other contrivances, to the delight of
+the anglers and inn keepers of the neighbourhood.
+I have been given to understand that
+the Salmon fishing is capital now in the lakes
+and river. At Ennisfallen Island there is a
+favourite cast, and another between that and
+Ross Island; another to the south west of it;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>
+towards Mucruss Abbey, to the north-east, there
+is good water for the fly, and in "Glena" bay,
+all of which the boatmen will show. At the
+latter place parties dine, in a very beautiful
+situation at the foot of the hill, sheltered by
+trees to the water's edge. On the west side of
+it is shown a curiosity&mdash;a holly, a thorn, a
+birch, a hazel, an ash, and an oak, so curiously
+entwined, that they appear as one tree; at
+this place there is a good fishery, at the cottage
+they cut the salmon into pieces, skewer
+them with arbutus, and roast them over a
+turf fire; they say arbutus gives them a fine
+flavour.</p>
+
+<p>Between Brickeen Bridge and the Upper
+Lake there is good fishing, in the narrow
+gorge between the lakes; the charges of boats,
+&amp;c., have been regulated, so that they cannot
+now impose upon visitors. The scenery in
+the vicinity of "Brickeen Bridge" and the
+Eagle's Nest is sublime, and must delight the
+heart of the Angler who may be seeking health
+and pastime, either by himself or with his
+dear admiring friends.</p>
+
+<p>There is not a table, either in inn or lodging
+house in the town of Killarney, wanting a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span>
+Guide to the Lakes, written by some intelligent
+person or other, so that the angler cannot
+go astray.</p>
+
+<p>There are numerous good inns in the town
+and neighbourhood, the people and landlords
+of which are polite, civil, and obliging to
+strangers, as are the guides and boatmen.</p>
+
+<p>There is a Miss Smith, in New Street, who
+keeps a comfortable lodging, the most honest
+creature I ever came across, go to her, you
+gentle ones.</p>
+
+<p>The delightful Island of Ennisfallen, which
+used to be my favourite spot during my stay,
+would be a kind of Heaven on Earth to the
+invalid; it is covered with verdure and beautiful
+large trees, the arbutus, &amp;c. There is a
+thorn growing through a tomb stone, a holly
+fourteen feet thick, a curious crab tree, and the
+bed of honour, which the guides say if you lie
+down in it, having no children up to the
+present time, "your honor will be sure to have
+plenty of them after your return home."&mdash;This
+place is a hollow about the size of a large bed,
+in a projecting rock over-hung with holly and
+hawthorn. In an aperture in the "crab tree"
+the guides recommend ladies to pass. There<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>
+are ruins of a once celebrated Abbey here,
+founded in an early date of St. Finian.</p>
+
+<p>The annals of Ennisfallen comprise a history
+of the world up to <span class="smcap">a.d. 430</span>, and a history of
+Ireland up to 1320. They are preserved in
+Trinity College, Dublin. There is an enormous
+ash tree growing out of the floor of the
+abbey. It is unquestionably a healthy spot,
+and soon excites an appetite by inhaling its
+salubrious air.</p>
+
+<p>The remains of the once beautiful edifice
+"Mucruss Abbey" is well worth seeing, as the
+ravages of death, which were once too prominent,
+have been cleared away by the humane
+Mr. Herbert, so that there may be a close inspection
+made of the ruins; the architecture of
+the eastern window is admirable; and the extraordinary
+"yew tree" growing in the centre of
+the ancient cloisters and over-spreading its walls
+is curious in the extreme, in the fork of the
+yew, above the great trunk, there is a kind of
+unctuous gum constantly flowing down, which
+is said by the peasantry that "the yew is
+shedding tears for the fate of the abbey."</p>
+
+<p>The Salmon flies to suit the Lakes, are
+Nos. 2, 4, 5, and 6, 8 and 9 the two at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>
+bottom of the plate with "picker," and No. 4
+plate on Salmon hooks, the paintings of which
+are exact to the models. The three latter flies
+are, first, a cinnamon-brown body, brown wings,
+and brown red hackle, mixed tail; second, a
+jointed body fly of blue and green, gaudy mixed
+wing, topping in the tail&mdash;this fly may be used
+in very rough water, and the brown one with
+a nice ripple and grey cloud; the No. 4 fly on
+Salmon hooks, is mallard wings, fiery brown
+body ribbed with gold, brown red hackle, hook
+No. 6, B, CC, and a yellow and red mixed tail.
+The Dun Salmon Fly, No 6, and the one
+above it, No 5, are favourite killers in the lakes
+and river.</p>
+
+<p>My advise is, that my friends (I call every
+angler who reads this book a friend), should
+beware of the "mountain dew"<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> and goat's
+milk, sold by the damsels of Killarney, in the
+vicinity of Brickeen Bridge, and the Eagle's
+nest; they are harmless and cleanly creatures,
+but their importunity to taste their goat's milk<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span>
+is teasing&mdash;buy their goat's milk, but reject
+their "dew," gentle fishers.</p>
+
+<p>The river "Lane," which issues out of the
+Lower Lake, as it is now preserved by the inn
+keepers, is a capital stream for salmon and sea
+trout fishing; about four miles from Killarney,
+at the Bridge leading to "Dunloe Gap," is a
+good place to begin to fish, either up or down
+the river; the trout in both lakes and river are
+as yellow as gold when taken out of the water,
+they are spotted over with beautiful brown-red
+marks, and are very handsome to look at.</p>
+
+<p>The Trout Flies in the list will be found
+excellent for the lakes and river. A grouse
+hackle, with orange silk body, and a little strip
+of grey partridge tail for wings&mdash;this with the
+ant brown, hare's ear, and amber fly; the red
+dun, caperer, wren and cuckoo hackle, and
+duns of various shades and size, ribbed with
+silver. The land-rail fly, brown-red hackle, and
+ash fox, an orange body with black hackle from
+the tail up, and starling wings. The silver
+dun, with grey mallard wings, mixed with the
+wing of the bunting lark, ribbed with silver,
+and tail of the hackle fibres, the body yellow
+dun&mdash;this is a great favourite made of sea-trout<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>
+size for the river, and large for salmon in
+the lakes. The sand and cinnamon flies are
+also good, and the red spinner; the winged
+larva is an excellent fly below the Bridge,
+allowed to sink a little beneath the surface
+when fished with, grilse and sea-trout will
+take it.</p>
+
+<p>The river Lane is remarkable for its firm
+footing along the banks, and no where obstructed
+by trees, it is the most pleasant place
+I ever saw for fishing, combined with wild and
+fanciful scenery.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Whiskey&mdash;Oh! whiskey, whiskey,&mdash;cruel whiskey,
+you are the cause of poor Pat's giant poverty, you have
+rushed in upon him like one armed. Oh! thou accursed
+evil spirit.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>LOUGH CURRAN, WATERVILLE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The angler may proceed any morning he
+feels disposed, to Waterville river and lake,
+southwest of Killarney, in the County Kerry;
+there is a car from the Kenmare Arms Hotel
+about eight o'clock in the morning, passing
+through Killorglan at the foot of the river
+Lane, which you have in view up to this place;
+Three miles farther on you come to the river
+"Corra," where there is an Inn, at the Bridge,
+for the accommodation of anglers, and where
+they may procure capital sea-trout and small<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>
+grilse fishing; the lake Carra, out of which the
+river flows, is seen to the left before reaching
+the river at the bridge. It would be worth
+while staying a few days at this place, as the
+sea-trout fishing is beyond comparison, below
+the bridge to the sea, and above it as far as the
+lake, and also in the lake. The flies I have
+just named will kill well in the Carra, with a
+small black one, like a midge, ribbed with
+silver, with a honey dun fly made very small.</p>
+
+<p>You reach "Cahirceveen" in about eight
+hours from Killarney, from whence you take a
+car eight miles further on to Waterville, where
+you arrive comfortably in the evening to rest
+and have a talk with Mr. Butler, the proprietor
+of the "cuts;" the angler will find him most
+civil and polite, and on asking you get instant
+permission to angle for salmon in the river,
+and "keep all you catch" which has been a
+general rule for a length of time; the lake is
+free for salmon and trout fishing, it abounds
+with fine sea-trout, which appear to be continually
+running up between the bars of the
+"cruives." The river is very small, having but
+one pool in it close to the sea for salmon, the
+run of it is very short as the lake and sea<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span>
+almost meet, they are separated merely by a
+neck of land on which the bridge and "cuts"
+are erected, about three or four perches
+altogether. There is good sport to be had in
+the lake and river when it is flooded, and the
+angler will find every convenience with respect
+to men and boats; there are two inns in the
+place, at least when I was there in 1848, there
+were two.</p>
+
+<p>The flies for Waterville are the same as
+those I have just given, except for salmon in
+the river, which should be very plain and
+sombre, they are brown bodies, with dark
+hackles over a roll or two of gold tinsel, and
+brown turkey wings of a reddish hue; small
+blue flies, with gaudy wings, ribbed with silver,
+and black heads, the hackle to be dyed blue,
+and floss silk body, hook No. 10 or C. CC.
+When the water is up they will take Nos. 3, 4,
+and 5 flies in the plates; and the fly No. 11 is
+most excellent. They use a good sized fly in
+the lake for trout, when I fished it my flies
+were of the smaller sort, and in the hot sun
+the trout took small amber flies best with me.
+The local flies were darker&mdash;say drake size,
+with brown bodies, black hackles, and turkey<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>
+wings, nevertheless they take them in a windy
+day exceedingly quick, and in a very short
+time the fishermen in the boats catch a large
+dish of them, say in about a hour; the trout and
+grilse in this lake I must say are most delicious,
+"they almost melt in the mouth," says he.</p>
+
+<p>The angler, when he gets tired here, may
+return to Killarney, and make head for the
+west and north, "and sure enough he may
+have another throw on the lakes, if he pleases,
+by way of bidding them good bye."</p>
+
+<p>He might take a start before he goes across
+the hills to Kenmare, by car, and have a day
+or two on the river Blackwater, usually called
+"Kerry Blackwater;" it is about eight miles
+from Kenmare, on the south-west side of the
+estuary of that name, on the road to "Derrynane
+Beg," or Derrynane Abbey. There is an
+inn on the river as you cross the road, but no
+town. The angler might go to it for a day or
+so from Waterville, by hiring a car at the inn,
+there and back. He will have an opportunity
+of seeing the mansion of the late Mr. D.
+O'Connell, at Derrynane, as he passes it to
+his right off the road, in a most healthy situation,
+sequestered amongst dwarf trees of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span>
+most fanciful appearance, close to a bay of the
+sea, or what is called "Kenmare River," the
+salt water of which is as clear as crystal.</p>
+
+<p>The flies used on this prolific little river are
+brown bodies, three ribs of gold tinsel, black
+hackles, and grouse and mallard wings; but I
+would strongly advise the angler to have some
+of the small flies made smaller still for this
+river, than in the plates of flies. A very small
+blue jay, a silver grey or "hedgehog fly," with
+a small black one ribbed with silver, are all
+good for this stream.</p>
+
+<p>The angler returns to old Killarney, and
+takes rail for Limerick, from thence by steam
+to Athlone, on the "Great Western;" there are
+fine Trout and Salmon here in summer. Go
+on from here to Galway, and fly fish Lough
+Carib (the river, I believe, is now broken up to
+facilitate the navigation between the bay and
+this grand expanse of fresh water). There are
+very large Trout to be met with in the Lough,
+and every accommodation respecting fishermen
+and boats at the town. The angler will find it
+very pleasant for a day or two's fish in the lake,
+with a ripple on the water and a grey cloud
+above.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>CONNAMARA AND BALLYNAHINCH.</h2>
+
+
+<p>In this western region there are some
+beautiful lakes and rivers, once celebrated for
+the abundance of Salmon and Trout which
+they contained, but, alas! the "weirs" and
+nets have "wed" them all away, to the grief of
+the tourist angler, who might have enjoyed the
+"wild sports of the west." So he will yet, for
+there is a reformation to take place that will
+restore them to their pristine numbers both in
+lake and river. They are about to take down
+the "weirs," and net the bays, which will not
+only give the Salmon a free passage up, but
+augment them a hundred-fold,&mdash;then, "hurrah
+for Connamara, the land of the west." Derry
+Clare Lake is a good one for the fly, so is
+Lough Inna, and above and below the "weirs."
+If the generous proprietors of the fishery would
+consult upon the subject, they would immediately
+put a stop to the obstructions, if not, it
+it is quite impossible that there can be good
+fishing up to Lough Inna. Thirty gentlemen
+might fly fish these waters without the least<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span>
+inconvenience, were the Salmon allowed to
+go free.</p>
+
+<p>The Salmon Flies for Connamara are rather
+small and plain; various brown, black, red,
+olive, and orange flies kill well, ribbed with
+gold and silver. Those Sea-Trout ones, described
+for Waterville, do also well, and orange
+floss silk, ribbed with gold, small topping for
+tail, jay round the head, and mallard mixed
+wings. Hook C or CC.</p>
+
+<p>A small black fly, yellow tag, topping for tail,
+rib of silver, teal, and golden pheasant neck,
+breast feather of the peacock wing, mixed, blue
+feelers of macaw, jay at the shoulder. Hook
+B, or No. 9. A green body, ribbed with gold,
+black red hackle, orange macaw, or cock of the
+rock feather in the tail, short; a nice mixed
+gaudy wing, with a good deal of mallard and
+wood-duck prevailing, or silver pheasant wing,
+the hen bird is best. C, CC or B hook; vary
+the size for high and low water. A small claret
+fly, and the three flies in the Plates, Nos. 3, 4,
+and 5, with No. 11, all made on small hooks,
+these are the sorts to kill. The Sea-Trout
+ones are very small black and red hackles,
+grouse and wren hackles, dun flies, and little<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span>
+brown ants, hare's ear and yellow, silver greys,
+and the small flies enumerated in the catalogue.
+Use a sixteen feet salmon rod, and single gut
+casting lines, with one or two twisted lengths
+next to the reel line, which should be plaited
+silk and hair. There are plenty of boats and
+boatmen to be had at Ballynahinch River and
+Lakes, all civil fellows, and if used with common
+kindness and decency, they will confess
+that "the English anglers are the best fellows
+in the whole world,&mdash;Good luck to their honors.
+Long life to their honors."</p>
+
+<p>The scenery of this wild country is quite
+equal to any in Scotland, if the intelligent
+tourist angler would be at the pains of penetrating
+into the mountainous regions which
+surround Connamara. The islands in the
+bays are interesting and beautiful, as well as
+the stupendous hills standing up in order like
+giants, as it were, to bid defiance to the wild
+waves of the great Atlantic.</p>
+
+<p>Ireland is proverbial for the finest breeding
+rivers in the world for Salmon and Trout, in
+no country can there be found such splendid
+rivers and lakes for Salmon; see, for instance,
+the rivers Shannon, Erin, Bann, and the stupendous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span>
+lakes out of which they issue, and of
+which, it is sufficient to show, that at "Burn
+Cranna," two miles below Coleraine, with the
+cross nets, three tons of Salmon were caught
+in one day by the fishermen some years back.
+This will give an idea of what the rivers in
+Ireland, in general, can produce. The Bann
+is preserved in the right season for the fry to
+come to perfection in great shoals, and from
+March till August the nets and "cruives" are
+worked.</p>
+
+<p>The flavour and quality of the Irish Salmon
+far exceed those of any other part of the United
+Kingdom, for when the fish are sent up from
+the north to the London markets they often
+lose their flavour, if not properly packed in
+the ice boxes; how can it be otherwise, when
+the distance is considered. The real Salmon
+of the Tweed, Tay, and Spay, are delicious,
+through the quickness of transit.</p>
+
+<p>Above Ballynahinch are seen the "Twelve
+Pins," or rocky precipices of "Beanabola."
+On the right of this mountainous road, beyond
+Ballynahinch, opposite the beautiful island of
+"Ennisbofine," are seen green mountain heights
+of great elevation, with romantic winding vallies,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>
+rivers, and views, that strike the heart with
+admiration.</p>
+
+<p>There is a large river in this neighbourhood,
+called the "Owen Rieve," which abounds with
+Salmon, and falls into the sea south of Clue
+Bay. At the head of the Bay, a short way up,
+there is a Salmon Fishery, but no inn.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>BALLYNA.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The angler may now proceed to the river
+Moy, at Ballyna, in the County of Mayo, a
+celebrated place for ages for Salmon fishing
+with the fly, and also a place where he may
+find every facility for insuring sport by the
+kind and obliging conduct of the renter of the
+"cruives," or cuts, who politely allows the
+angler to fish where he pleases, on condition
+that he gives up his fish save one per day,
+which he may freely reserve for himself, and
+as a trophy of his success, have the honor of
+"cutting it pink" by a good turf fire, tired
+after the day's sport, washing it down with a
+smoking hot tumbler of "whiskey punch,"
+drinking the health of the Queen, and success<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span>
+to the arms of our brave countrymen in
+the East.</p>
+
+<p>Lough Con will be found also good, but the
+trout fishing is best in it&mdash;fly fish the river
+for salmon. It is about ten miles up to the
+southwest, and in it may be caught with
+the fly, the gilla-roe trout that have gizzards,
+the same as in Lough Derg on the Shannon.
+From the town of Ballyna up to Foxford, eight
+miles distant, is all capital water for salmon;
+there are plenty of boats to be had, and those
+who do not like a boat may fish from the
+shore; the salmon will rise and take the fly in
+every part of this water, so that the angler
+cannot go astray.</p>
+
+<p>The flies in use here are rather plain than
+gaudy, except in the spring, like all other rivers,
+they must be larger and more of a gaudy hue.</p>
+
+<p>A claret body, claret hackle and gold rib,
+tail a small topping, an orange tag rather
+tapered to the shoulder, jay at head, mallard
+wings mixed with blue and yellow macaw, neck
+feather of the golden pheasant, a topping over
+all, guinea hen, teal, and blue macaw feelers
+each side with a kingfisher, hook CC, 9, or
+BB.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 353px;"><a name="Plate_19" id="Plate_19"></a>
+<a href="images/i_201-big.jpg"><img src="images/i_201.jpg" width="353" height="600" alt="Plate of 7 Flies and Salmon." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p>A fly, with a fiery brown floss silk body,
+black ostrich tag, hackle of the same colour as
+body, rib of gold, tail of topping, mallard,
+golden pheasant tail, neck, and red rump
+feathers mixed, a blue jay or small guinea hen
+feather at the shoulder, hook No. 9, or B in
+low water.</p>
+
+<p>A blue body, blue jay over it, tag of orange
+floss, topping for tail, the hackle to be made
+full by another jay at the shoulder, under which
+roll a piece of orange pig-hair and pick it out
+well through the jay; the wings to be mixed
+ones with a topping in the centre; scarlet
+macaw feelers, and black head; hook No. 9 and
+B; rib the body with silver tinsel, and let it
+be the same colour as the jay.</p>
+
+<p>These with Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5, in the plates
+of flies for salmon will be found excellent.
+No. 11 is a good one; and a fly made with
+black silk body ribbed with silver twist, a very
+small topping in the tail, mixed with a sprig
+or two of guinea hen and Ibis, a small guinea
+hen hackle over the body and cut slantingly
+underneath the body to be longer at the shoulder,
+and a black or peacock head with a small
+blue jay round it; wings mixed with dark<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>
+mallard, teal, neck feather, blue and yellow
+macaw, and a strip or two of wood-duck each
+side, and a fibre or two of peacock neck and
+white spotted wing feather, hook CC, B. If
+these flies are attended to, they will kill when
+many others fail; do not lose your sport and
+time, keep to what I say.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>BALLYSHANNON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>From Ballyna the angler may proceed to the
+Erne, at Ballyshannon, by coach, where he
+will find, on his arrival, a beautiful river, and
+every accommodation he requires; it is a short
+running river, with a deep and rapid current,
+about three or four miles in length; at the
+town of Bellick it flows out of the grand
+expanse of Lough Erne, fifty miles in length,
+and in some parts twelve in width.</p>
+
+<p>The salmon leap of Ballyshannon, is a broad
+body of water falling over a perpendicular rock
+twelve feet high, up which the salmon run,
+showing their dark backs through the foaming
+water, and again falling back into the pool
+below after many attempts to surmount it;
+they seldom leap clean up out of the water,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span>
+but in general I have seen them rushing up
+through the falling current, which shows the
+extraordinary strength they possess. I have
+remarked that they always remain a day or
+two in the first pool they come to after their
+ascent, and in this they take the fly most
+greedily, generally at the head of the leap.</p>
+
+<p>The fishermen sweep the river with nets
+below the leap, and the enormous quantities
+they take is most surprising, still there is
+abundance in the river; in summer in consequence
+of the netting, of course the salmon
+are not so plentiful up the river. The fish
+house stands on an island, which may be seen
+from the bridge of fourteen arches, and in the
+distance the sea views are grand.</p>
+
+<p>There is capital fishing below the bridge,
+and many fine salmon throws or haunts all the
+way up to Belleek; this town is finely situated
+on the north of Lough Erne, where it begins
+to discharge its waters into the channel which
+conveys them into the bay of Donnegal.</p>
+
+<p>The river at this place has a fall of twenty
+feet, forming a beautiful scene, enriched by
+foliage and steep precipices. The trout fishing
+here is good.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The river Erne has a long course, the source
+of which is "Lough Gonnagh," in the County
+Longford, a short way from "Lough Sheelin,"
+and the celebrated Lakes of West Meath. It
+then enters "Lough Oughter," in the County
+Cavan, after a serpentine course of eighteen
+or twenty miles, although the distance between
+the lakes is only eight miles; after passing
+through this lake, it takes another winding
+course of the same distance, passing Belturbet,
+an ancient town on its banks, it then enters
+the upper Lough Erne, and falls into the sea
+at Ballyshannon. Seeing the abundance of
+fish which these grand lakes, and clear running
+streams throughout the country produce, it is
+not at all to be wondered at the quantities taken
+at Ballyshannon.</p>
+
+<p>The flies in use here are very gaudy, Nos.
+1, 2, and 3, in the plates, will be found capital
+killers, and up to No. 11 in fine days in
+summer when the water is low.</p>
+
+<p>There is another good killer which I will
+here describe:&mdash;body yellow brown mohair,
+ribbed with silver twist, puce tag, topping for
+tail with a little scarlet ibis mixed, a good dyed
+yellow hackle rolled over the body, and a scarlet<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>
+hackle round the head; the wings are four
+toppings with strips of summer duck, a sprig
+or two of pheasant tail and neck, a strip of
+dyed white tipped turkey tail, and a sprig of
+guinea hen and glede or kite tail, the tail
+feather of the hen <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'hymalean'">Hymalean</ins> pheasant is as
+good as what is called in Scotland "salmon tail
+glede," and the topping or crest of the cock
+bird which is a transparent scarlet colour,
+and like a topping of the golden pheasant
+stands over all; blue kingfisher each side,
+and scarlet macaw feelers, black ostrich head,
+hook No. 9 or 8 in high water. This is a
+magnificent specimen of a salmon fly, and
+cannot be made properly at a small expense,
+either by the amateur himself who buys his
+foreign feathers, or by the fly-maker who gets
+his bread by it. The three flies in the plates
+Nos. 1, 2, and 3, will be found to do the work
+well. With this one, see the gaudy jointed fly
+in the plate, with "picker" at top.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE RIVERS BUSH AND BANN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>From Ballyshannon the angler proceeds to
+the Enniskillen and Derry railway, where he
+takes his seat for Coleraine; on arriving at this
+town he need not expect much fishing, except
+that he may take a throw at the head of the
+leap, and take also a view of that stupendous
+fall of fresh water which there can be little
+doubt of its surprising him, with the grand
+and delightful scenes around. When he gets
+on the suspension bridge, over the very top of
+the leap, he must hold by the rails to steady
+himself, and consider where he really is; the
+noise which the great body of water in the
+centre fall makes, when it descends into the
+pool beneath, dins his very ears, this with the
+broad rapid running river close beneath his
+feet as he stands on the light iron bridge,
+holding by a single rail with his hand, must
+almost take his sight away; and if he never
+had the pleasure of seeing the shadow of fear
+before, rely upon it he feels himself in a fearful
+plight just then "for a short time any how."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the County Derry side the falls are not
+so strong, and on these the "cuts" are erected,
+for no salmon could surmount the centre fall,
+and these "cuts" are so high from the top of
+the leap, that the salmon cannot get over them
+even in floods, except by mere chance. This
+productive fishery belongs to the London Fishmongers'
+Company, on application the stranger
+will be allowed on the bridge to view the falls,
+and at the same time he will see the traps
+crowded with salmon of all sizes, from the small
+"graul," as they call them there, to the largest
+size salmon; sometimes the fish can hardly
+swim in these "cuts" or "cruives" they are so
+numerous, what a treat for the eyes of the fly
+fisher to behold. The angler may fly fish
+at will, and has his choice either to go up
+the Bann to Kilrea, or go first to the Bush
+river, it is only seven miles from Coleraine to
+Bush Mills, so that as he is now in that town it
+would be advisable to try his hand at the Bush
+first, and then proceed to Kilrea, on the Bann,
+about fourteen miles up that river, by car.</p>
+
+<p>When the angler arrives at Bush Mills,
+which he will do in an hour from Coleraine,
+the inn keeper will make him acquainted with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span>
+the rules of the fishing. The river is now in
+possession of a club of gentlemen, who will
+with great pleasure allow the stranger to fly
+fish.</p>
+
+<p>It will be necessary to have a guide, who
+will show you all the best throws for salmon;
+and when tired of fishing, point out the "Causeway"
+to you, which is two miles from the town.
+The best of the fishing extends about two
+miles&mdash;one mile below the town to the sea, and
+one mile above it at the salmon leap.</p>
+
+<p>There are some good throws on the top of
+the leap, and towards the tail of the large pool
+beneath; another famous throw between that
+and the town called "Lagan Drade;" at the top
+of this long pool there are two large stones
+projecting out of the water, between which the
+current of the stream rushes violently, in this
+rapid place between the stones the fish will
+take the fly, and below the stones along the
+left side of the Bush, and on the rising ground
+at the foot of the pool; if you can manage to
+throw well over the bushes you will be very apt
+to hook a salmon in the mid-water. There is
+another good throw below the bridge; the
+deepest part lying along the gardens, and three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span>
+or four more between that and the sea; there
+is a large stone lies in the middle of the river,
+over which the water may be seen boiling, if
+you can manage to throw beyond it, and draw
+the fly across it letting it fall a little below it,
+you will have a chance to hook a fish immediately.
+Just below this stone, a little way
+from the sea, at a narrow part of the river, is
+another capital place, fish it from the right side
+and do not come abruptly upon the place or
+the fish will see you, which will prevent them
+from rising, but this you can avoid, as you
+will see this contracted part from the stone
+throw; prepare a good fly before you come up,
+and keep as far off it as possible. It is a
+shelving elbow shaped rock narrowing the
+river, so that your fly must be gradually moved
+down commencing a few yards above the elbow
+rock, which cannot be seen as the grass grows
+on it to the very edge, till you look over it into
+the water; just as the fly rounds the point all
+the fish see it that are lying under the brow of
+the hollow rock, where you may expect a rise;
+this is the deepest part of the whole river, and
+the first resting place for the fish after leaving
+the sea.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In this place the depth of the water requires
+a bright fly; the following one will prove a
+killer:&mdash;Body, orange floss silk, a small topping
+for tail with a fibre or two of mallard, ribbed
+with fine gold tinsel, and a rich brown-red
+cock's hackle from the tail up, not too long in
+the fibres, the hackle to be a little black at the
+head when rolled on; the wing of copper brown
+mallard with a strip of wood-duck each side,
+and a topping over all; feelers of macaw, and
+a black ostrich head. Hook CC. Should you
+rise a fish with this old favorite, and it does
+not take, try him once or twice more with it,
+and no doubt you will have him. If he does
+not hook himself with it, change it for a light
+blue one, the body the blue colour of the sky,
+legs the same, and a mallard wing ribbed with
+gold.</p>
+
+<p>You now come to the sea, at "Bushfoot."
+There is a pool here into which the tide ebbs
+and flows, and at times the fish are plunging
+over and over on the top of each other, which
+the fishermen net when this is the case.
+When the tide is out the Salmon will rise and
+take the fly in it freely, as the flowing of the
+river into it pushes out the brackish water<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span>
+before it, and when the tide is flowing, before
+it enters the pool, is the best time,&mdash;in fact,
+this is the best place to stay at for the sole
+purpose of being enabled to fish, as the river
+above is so low in summer, except after rains,
+that it is useless to try.</p>
+
+<p>The Castle of old "Dunluce" is near Bushfoot,
+it stands on a rock close to the cliff on
+the mainland in the sea, and is built on the
+surface or top of the rock, close to its very
+edge all round, and the corner stones appear to
+have been brought from the Giant's Causeway.
+There is a deep chasm between the castle
+and the land, over which the range wall of the
+old bridge is yet standing; the bridge itself is
+completely gone. This narrow wall, about
+fourteen inches wide, may be easily crossed
+going into the castle, but on recrossing it to
+the land side it strikes terror into the heart.
+Some years ago I visited this old ruin, and
+crossed the wall into it quite easily and fearlessly,
+but on my returning, to my great surprise,
+I was afraid of my life to recross it. The
+cause was, no doubt, that the wall and yawning
+chasm appeared more under me on coming out
+than on going in, the wall being narrow and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>
+the chasm deep. At last I crept over it very
+slowly on my hands and knees, and it was with
+difficulty I reached the land. As I sat panting
+on the grass, looking towards the dark old pile,
+I vowed that the walls of "Dunluce Castle"
+should never again hold me. I was most likely
+stricken with a fairy talisman.</p>
+
+<p>The "<span class="smcap">Giant's Causeway</span>" is two miles from
+Bushfoot, where the stranger may spend a few
+pleasant days with a kind friend, amidst rocks
+and caves, glens and tremendous cliffs, causeways,
+chasms, and pillars of wondrous height.
+These rows of pillars stand up the face of the
+cliff, which is 360 feet high, from the base of
+which three broad causeways extend, of honeycomb
+shape, nine hundred feet into the sea.
+The pillars of these low causeways are generally
+six, seven, and many three and nine-sided, and
+as even as if they had been cut with a chisel;
+they rest one upon another in joints, the top
+one round to fit into the one beneath like a
+socket, and the pillars are so closely packed,
+that you can hardly get the point of a knife
+between them. There are other pillars in the
+face of the cliffs, called the Giant's Loom,
+the Giant's Chair, the Giant's Organ, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span>
+the Giant's Well. The natural wildness and
+grandeur of these and the adjoining promontories,
+exceed any thing that can be imagined.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVER BANN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Portna is considered the best ford for Salmon
+and Trout fishing on this noble stream. At
+this place, which is merely an inn, kept by a
+Mr. Moore, for the accommodation of anglers,
+the river, which is a large one, falls over ledges
+of rock, large stones, broad fords of gravel,
+deep gorges in places, rushing down inclined
+plains, which spread into currents five and six
+feet deep, dimpling as it flows along, where
+large trout may be seen taking down the natural
+insects, and making the surface boil. These
+places might be swarming, were it not for the
+"cruives," with the largest salmon in Britain.</p>
+
+<p>During the summer months you may take a
+good many salmon here, but on some days you
+cannot see a fish, as they are mostly stopped
+at the "cuts." These salmon traps are called
+"cuts," in Ireland, and "cruives," in Scotland.
+I need not explain their formation, as they are
+too well known to the fly fishers. Notwithstanding<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>
+all this, the generous renter of the
+fishery at the Leap of Coleraine, gives liberty
+to all anglers visiting the Bann, from March to
+August, and the courtesy and politeness which
+he evinces towards gentlemen, causes him to
+take no notice of their fishing with the salmon
+fly till September. I have been informed by
+Mr. Moore, the inn-keeper, at Portna, that
+there is now a "Queen's Gap" made in the
+"cuts," on Sundays, to allow some of the
+salmon to escape. This is a great boon to the
+angler.</p>
+
+<p>The town of Kilrea is a mile from Portna,
+where there is a good inn, kept by an Englishman,
+a Mr. Adcock. At the bridge, which is
+half a mile from the town, there is a famous
+throw for a salmon; you let off the line, while
+standing on the bridge, to where the fish lie, a
+little lower down. There are capital streams
+for salmon near "Moor Lodge," a delightful
+spot, down as far as "Bevanaher" ford. The
+boatmen take you through the gorges in racehorse
+style. The man brings the bow of the
+boat to the very edge of the rapid, steadies her
+by making you sit down with himself, and in a
+minute or two she shoots down the gorge in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span>
+a very pleasant manner into the broad ford
+below; when he returns with the boat, he pulls
+her up the side of the stream. The Bann
+boatmen, I must say, are very civil fellows, and
+charge moderately for their labour and boats&mdash;half-a-crown
+a day, pot luck, and a smoke of
+tobacco&mdash;"an ould fly, and a gut casting line,
+if it's no use to your honor."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Flies</span> to suit the Bann are as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. Body claret pig hair, ribbed with
+gold tinsel, orange tag, a topping, and a little
+wood-duck for tail; a dark claret hackle rolled
+up to the shoulder, and a blue jay above it;
+mallard wings, mixed with bustard&mdash;the dark
+small spotted bustard feather is best for this
+river, the light coloured for Scotland and
+Wales&mdash;golden pheasant tail and neck, peacock
+wing, wood-duck feelers of blue and
+yellow macaw, and a black head. Hook No. 8
+or 9. This is a great favourite.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. Scarlet body, scarlet hackle, and
+mallard wing, gold over body, topping for tail,
+and one in the centre of the wings, jay at the
+shoulder, and a black head. Hook No. 8.
+Large for the Spring, and B, BB for June and
+July.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>No. 3. Fiery brown body, brown-red hackle,
+gold tinsel, mallard wings with a little wood-duck
+and golden pheasant neck feather mixed
+with it, macaw feelers, and a small topping for
+tail mixed with wood-duck. Hook BB or G.
+Grouse hackle round the shoulder, and a black
+head.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. Body yellow pig hair, half way up
+from the tail, the remainder wine purple or
+dark blue, a purple hackle over it, and a claret
+one at the shoulder; blue head picked out the
+colour of the sky; two toppings in the centre
+of wings of mallard and brown turkey mixed,
+and macaw feeler. Hook No. 9. Silver tinsel
+over the body.</p>
+
+<p>No. 5. Orange body, broad gold tinsel, dark
+brown-red hackle over it; strips of wood-duck
+and neck feather for tail; strips of spotted
+Argus pheasant; a dark full mallard wing with
+two neck feathers in the centre, and a black
+head. Hook No. 9, BB, or 8. Large for high
+water or deep places.</p>
+
+<p>No. 6. A puce body, ribbed with silver tinsel
+and gold twist, topping in the tail mixed with
+wood-duck fibres; puce hackle struck full up
+to the head, blue jay here, and kingfisher each<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>
+side of the wings, which are of a very nice
+mixture of Argus pheasant small spotted feather,
+peacock wings, mallard, teal, guinea hen, kite
+tail, pheasant tail, blue and orange macaw,
+scarlet macaw, green parrot tails, Ibis, and
+silver pheasant tail (the hen); feelers of macaw,
+a topping over all, with the crest feather of the
+Hymalean pheasant, and a bronze head. Hook,
+Nos. 9 and 8. These, with the eleven flies in
+the Plates, and No. 12, early in the Spring,
+with the five Shannon flies, are all "first-rate
+killers," indeed, the fourteen painted flies are
+all capital ones for this river.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Trout Flies</span> are generally the same as
+those in the catalogue of flies for the season.
+In the spring they run rather large, but in
+the summer months they are used very small.
+Olive flies of various hues are very much used,
+and a fly with a green body and the feather off
+the root of the landrail's wing; another with
+orange body, black-red hackle, and woodcock
+wings. Hooks No. 8, in spring, Nos. 10 and
+12, in summer. The various browns are capital
+in the early season, and the green olive, sooty
+olive, hare's ear and olive, brown and olive flies
+made full in the wings, and to be longer than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span>
+the body. There are no hackles used in the
+spring, till a little further on in the season,
+then hackle flies are used; the wren tails of
+different sorts are very much prized, and the
+light red-brown grouse hackle, and yellow body;
+a blue body fly, black hackle, and wings of
+the starling; a gosling green olive fly, with
+mallard wings, mixed with landrail, and a hook
+No. 8 or 10; a fly with a yellow body of silk,
+red hackle dyed yellow, starling wing mixed
+with mallard, and a little partridge tail; the
+golden wren is good; a very small black gnat
+is good; and the never-failing "blue blow."
+The body of this little fly, as used on the Bann,
+is mole's fur mixed with golden olive, picked
+out at the shoulder, and a black bird's wing,
+to be fished with on warm sultry days. These
+flies are killers, and the trout are fond of them,
+which will be found excellent and plentiful at
+Portna.</p>
+
+<p>On the shores of Lough Neagh, towards the
+Bridge of Toome, where the river issues out of
+the lake, there is good angling in the Drake
+season in June. There is a small inn at Toome
+Bridge, where the angler can procure a boat.
+It is but four miles north of "Randalstown,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>
+on the Belfast and Ballymena Railway. I have
+spent many a day on these waters, when a
+young man.</p>
+
+<p>From Shane's Castle, the Earl O'Neil's, to
+the bridge, and from the town of Antrim to
+Shane's Castle, there are large trout taken with
+the fly; at the end of May, and throughout
+June, the whole surface of the lake along the
+shore is covered with the natural fly. The
+Drake, in the Plate, would be a good one made
+on a large size hook, to throw amongst them.
+Earl O'Neil grants permission to gentlemen to
+fly-fish in the demesne of Shane's Castle, by
+sending a note from the inn at Randalstown,
+to the Steward.</p>
+
+<p>There are numerous rivers running into
+Lough Neagh, from five different counties,
+which it borders. The Bann rises in the
+Mourne Mountains, in the County of Down,
+and passing through the Lough, issues out of
+it at the Bridge of Toome, forming a stupendous
+body of fresh water. The Lough is
+twenty-three miles long, and twelve in width.</p>
+
+<p>To get at the various small trout rivers
+running into all these great lakes in the
+north of Ireland, I would recommend, to gain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span>
+information of the cross-roads, Leigh's Road
+Book of Ireland and Dublin Railway Guide.</p>
+
+<p>The angler will now take his departure from
+the north and proceed to Dublin, <i>vi&acirc;</i> Belfast and
+Draugheda, at this place he comes to the river
+Boyne, where he may spend a few pleasant
+days at "Old Bridge," a place about three
+miles up the river at the "weirs." There is
+good Salmon fishing at this place when the
+tide is out, and on the flow of the tide he will
+take capital Grilse and Sea-Trout.</p>
+
+<p>For the Boyne, the best flies are claret, brown,
+olive, green, orange, and black, with brown
+mallard wings, and turkey tail feathers. Plain
+ones in general are best.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>LAKES OF WESTMEATH.</h2>
+
+
+<p>After leaving Draugheda, the angler will
+reach Dublin by rail in a very short time,
+where he will take his place in the railway
+carriage for Mullingar, the county town of
+Westmeath; here, he is in the centre of
+numerous fine lakes, well stored with large
+trout that will take the fly most freely in May<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span>
+and June; the whole country round this place
+is most pleasingly diversified by romantic sites,
+gentlemen's mansions, and extensive lakes.</p>
+
+<p>There are two lakes in the neighbourhood,
+or environs of Mullingar, which are "Lough
+Ennel" and "Lough Owel," to the north of the
+town; the first named one is the best for large
+trout. There are good boats and fishermen to
+be had here. A little farther northward is
+Lough Iron, and the river Jenny, which takes
+its course to the Shannon. The best lake of
+them all is "Derevaragh," still further to the
+north; the town of Castlepollard is the best
+station to stay to fish this fine lake; the trout
+run twelve and fourteen pounds in it.</p>
+
+<p>Lough Lane and Dromore are close to the
+last named lake. The angling in May is most
+excellent, with the green drake; it is called the
+drake season, and at this period the largest
+fish are caught; the green drake which I have
+described, is the right sort for the lakes, with
+large whole upright wings double the ordinary
+size.</p>
+
+<p>The trout flies in general are brown, green,
+grey, red, black, hare's ear and yellow, hare's
+ear and brown, hare's ear and olive, fiery brown,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>
+claret, orange, and yellow flies, and in rough
+weather gaudy grilse flies are good.</p>
+
+<p>The flexible minnow would be a capital bait,
+drawn after the boat, when the trout are not
+inclined to take the fly.&mdash;See an angling tour
+of the lakes by "Jeffery Green Drake."</p>
+
+<p>There is very good salmon and trout fishing
+to be had in the County Tipperary, at the town
+of Cahir, situated on the Suir; Kilcommon
+Cottage on the river side, is a place of great
+beauty, and the angler may amuse himself in
+the demesne of Lord Cahir, which contains
+560 acres; this place and Clonmel may be
+reached by railway from Dublin, and on arriving
+at Kilkenny there is very good fishing in the
+river Barrow at the town, on the road to Cahir.</p>
+
+<p>There is a small river called Killmacow, two
+miles above Waterford, running into the Suir,
+in which there is beautiful trout fishing, in the
+Spring and June.</p>
+
+<p>There are some nice streams in Wexford, for
+salmon and trout fishing. The "Slaney," at
+Scarrawalsh Bridge, near the Barony Forth, is
+capital for sea trout, in August and the early
+Spring; there is good trout fishing the higher
+you proceed up this fine river.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In Lord Courtown's demesne, beyond Tara
+Hill, there is good grilse and sea trout fishing,
+the river runs through the town of Ballycannew,
+a few miles above Gorey; Lord
+Courtown's is not far from Gorey, who will
+allow any gentleman to angle with the fly in
+his charming demesne. They say that his
+lordship can contrive to "fish these fish" into
+the kettle alive out of the river, part of which
+runs under the mansion; I cannot tell how
+true this may be, the river runs close to the
+house, in which there are plenty of salmon and
+trout.</p>
+
+<p>The flies used here are rather gaudy, sea
+trout size; and the list of flies for the season
+will answer admirably for trout fishing.</p>
+
+<p>From the above place the angler may conveniently
+visit the rivers in the County Wicklow,
+which are all trout streams, arriving at
+<ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Arklaw'">Arklow</ins>, on the river Ovoca.</p>
+
+<p>There is a very nice river<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> running along
+the southern side of the Wicklow Mountains,
+passing by a place called "Little Aghrim," from
+whence to the wooden bridge, three miles from
+Arklow, there is excellent trout fishing in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>
+March, April, and May; it passes through a
+long lough or piece of deep water, out of which
+the trout issue in the spring into the river;
+there is no obstruction on its banks from the
+Wooden Bridge Inn up to Aghrim. There is
+a bridge crosses the river three miles up from
+the Wooden Bridge, where the angler may fish
+up to Aghrim or down to the "Meetings."
+The Wooden Bridge is called the "Lower
+Meetings of the Waters,"&mdash;this is the most
+beautiful place of any in the neighbourhood of
+the Vale of Ovoca, as you can see fine vales
+from the mount behind the Inn; although
+from the grounds of Howard Castle, where the
+little and great Avon meet, the views are sublime,&mdash;this
+is Moore's "Sweet Vale of Ovoca,
+where the bright waters meet."</p>
+
+<p>From the town of Rathdrum to the Meetings
+there is good fly fishing in the spring; through
+the vale there is no angling in the river, in
+consequence of the copper mine water running
+into it from the hills on each side, Cronebane,
+and Balymurtagh.</p>
+
+<p>There is very little fishing in the river
+Dargle, as the stream is so small, but the
+scenery is magnificent, particularly in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>
+vicinity of Powers Court Waterfall, it is about
+two miles and a half from the village of
+Powers Court.</p>
+
+<p>The best way to go from Dublin to fish the
+rivers "Avon" and "Derry," would be through
+Bray and Rathdrum; begin here to fish the
+Avon, to the Bridge at Howard Castle; and
+from the Wooden Bridge angle up the Derry
+to Aghrim, I never saw so many small trout in
+my life as there are in this beautiful stream, in
+the spring; there are numbers of small rivers
+descending the Wicklow Mountains, towards
+the east, south, and west, in which the trout
+run small.</p>
+
+<p>We will return to Dublin and pay a visit to
+the once celebrated "salmon leap," at Leixlip,
+a few miles west of the City&mdash;this is a charming
+place, where a few days may be spent to
+advantage; the groves and rocks, and the
+romantic glen are the theme of admiration.
+And the Park of Castletown, the most beautiful
+in the Kingdom; from the ancient castle at
+the end of the town there are views of the
+river and waterfall. The salmon fishing has
+been spoiled here by the sewers of the City
+running into the Liffey.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>At New Bridge, on the banks of the Liffey,
+the station before you come to Kildare, on the
+Cork railroad, close to the celebrated "Curragh
+of Kildare," a race course of 3000 acres of
+verdant plain, there is capital trout fishing in
+April and May, and pretty fair sport may be
+had throughout the summer; the flies to suit
+the river Liffey are very small, and those little
+ones in my list for the season will answer well.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> The River Derry.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVER LEE, AT CORK,</h2>
+
+
+<p>Would be as good a place as any in Ireland
+"to go to fish," were it not for the "weirs," and
+foul play in many ways, which is practised all
+the way up, on the poor salmon; there is some
+little sport to be had in it in the spring, and
+after heavy rains. The flies to suit it are
+rather plain and small, blue, grey, brown,
+claret, and green; mallard wings, mixed with
+a little golden pheasant tail and neck feathers;
+blue macaw feelers, black head, and mixed tails
+like the wings. Hook B CC, in high water
+BB and No. 9.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>SALMON RIVERS OF SCOTLAND.</h2>
+
+
+<p>We will bid adieu to old Ireland for a season,
+and its fair city Dublin, "with the blue sky
+over it," and step into the steam boat at Kingston
+for Holyhead, seat ourselves in a carriage,
+and trundle off to bonny Scotland&mdash;a country
+of many waters, stored with fine fish; we cross
+the Tweed, at Berwick, of pastoral fame, and
+dash into "Auld Reekey" with flying colours in
+no time.</p>
+
+<p>The beautiful city of Edinburgh must not
+be left without viewing it from end to end, as
+it is worth while to spend a day or two in it,
+if you have not been there, were it only to
+inspect its monuments and antiquities, which
+are numerous, in fact, the city at large is a complete
+curiosity. From here the angler will be
+able to take rail for Perth, on the banks of the
+famous "river Tay;" and as the line touches on
+Stirling, should it be convenient, there might
+be a day or two spent on the Forth. There
+are abundance of trout about four miles up
+the river, and some salmon; small plain flies
+suit it best.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE RIVER TAY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>This beautiful salmon river is the principal
+one in Perthshire, in its course it expands into
+Loch Tay, on leaving which it finds itself a
+channel and becomes rapid for miles; it has a
+long course, passing the towns of Dunkeld
+and Perth, and falls into the sea at Dundee.</p>
+
+<p>The river Erne, after a long and rapid course
+falls into the Tay below Perth. There is also
+the "Timel," at the pass of Cillecrankey, on
+the road to Inverness from Dunkeld, and is
+fourteen miles from the latter place, there is a
+small inn close to the river, in which there is
+good trout fishing; the coach from Perth
+stops here to change horses and breakfast; it
+is a fine rushing stream. And also the
+"Keith," at Blair Dummond, where there is a
+very high waterfall, the sound of which can be
+heard at some distance; it falls into the Tay.</p>
+
+<p>There is excellent angling for salmon and
+sea trout in the river Tay, five or six miles
+above Perth, in September and October; the
+white trout are in abundance in this river in
+the latter month; the salmon run very large in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>
+this water, in April, May, and June; and are
+best taken with large salmon flies of rather a
+sombre hue.</p>
+
+<p>At the town of Dunkeld there is famous
+fishing in the Spring and Autumn. From
+Dundee to Perth and Dunkeld, through the
+"Carse of Gowrie," the Valley of the Tay
+is one of the most beautiful parts of all
+Scotland, in my estimation; at both sides of
+the river it is interspersed with excellent
+gentlemen's seats, and beautiful grounds.</p>
+
+<p>There is a fishery a little above the Bridge
+of Perth, which is very productive.</p>
+
+<p>The flies to suit this fine river are:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. Brown pig hair bodies, ribbed with
+gold, dark brown-red hackle, wings light brown
+spotted turkey tail, red tag, and a scarlet joint
+above it; the body to be made long and taper.
+Hook No. 8. Rather large for the spring.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. A bronze peacock harl body, ribbed
+with gold tinsel, a brown-red hackle, and wings
+of mallard mixed with hen pheasant tail, the
+tail of the golden pheasant, red tail of mohair
+cut short, and the body to be thin. No. 9 hook.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. Brown mohair body, with a long
+red-brown spotted grouse hackle; the wings a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>
+mixture of mallard, brown turkey, and a little
+hen pheasant tail. Hook No. 8 or 9.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. A puce mohair body ribbed with
+silver, purple hackle over it, yellow tail of
+small topping, and a yellow hackle round the
+shoulder; wings of golden pheasant tail, with
+a little spotted bustard, a topping over all, and
+a black head. Hook No. 8 or 9. (A piece of
+wood-duck each side.)</p>
+
+<p>No. 5. An orange body ribbed with black
+silk and gold tinsel, topping in the tail, and a
+black-red hackle over it, (a hackle with the
+black streak running all the way through it);
+scarlet tag and tail; wings light brown turkey
+tail, rather lighter at the tips, a few fibres of
+wood-duck each side, the same quantity of
+bustard, and a bronze head. Hook No. 9, or
+for high water, No. 7.</p>
+
+<p>This fly will be found an excellent killer in
+the Tay, or any other river in Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>These, with the twelve painted and engraved
+flies, no man can desire better. Nos. 3, 4, 5,
+and 11, will be found excellent in low water,
+and Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, in high water.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Sea-Trout Flies</span> are orange bodies,
+mixed wings, jay at shoulder, silver tinsel, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>
+a small topping for tail. Hook <i>fff</i> or C, say
+No. 6, Kendal.</p>
+
+<p>Blue body, black hackle ribbed with silver,
+and mallard wings. Hook CC.</p>
+
+<p>Green body, black hackle, gold twist, and
+dark brown turkey wings.</p>
+
+<p>Light brown body, red hackle, gold twist,
+two fibres of red Ibis for tail, and glede wings.
+Hook No. 6 or 7. In low water they take them
+rather small, with the tinsel, of course.</p>
+
+<p>Hare's ear body, ribbed with silver twist, a
+greyish dark hackle, the colour of the dark fur
+on the ear, mallard wings, and tail of the same.
+Make another fly mixed with orange and yellow
+mohair.</p>
+
+<p>A black fly ribbed with silver tinsel, black
+wing with white tips, black hackle, and a yellow
+head and tail. Hook C.</p>
+
+<p>It would be as well to try very small gaudy
+flies occasionally, as you may rise a grilse
+during the time you are fishing for white-trout.
+A grilse loves to rise at a middling gaudy fly
+after leaving the sea. Blue, green, and red
+flies are all good.</p>
+
+<p>I will give three more favorites that will not
+miss:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. Body brown claret colour, mixed
+with the fur of hare's ear, ribbed with silver
+twist, a short black hackle, wings rather light
+brown mallard, and a black head. Hook,
+Green Drake size, or No. 6.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. A black body, tipped with orange
+silk, ribbed with silver twist, a black hackle,
+and dark brown turkey tail wings. Hook
+No. 6 or C, varied with blue body and black-red
+hackle.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. A blue dun body, a dun hackle
+ribbed with silver twist, tail two fibres of mallard,
+and grey mallard for wings. Hook C, or
+No. 6. A fly with an olive body, and one with
+yellow and mallard wings, are good. These
+flies will be found great killers where the fish
+are plentiful, with a good ripple on the water,
+and would do admirably on the Dee and Don,
+at Aberdeen.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE DEE AND DON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>These rivers run into the sea at Aberdeen,
+and are excellent for Salmon and Trout fishing&mdash;the
+Dee for Salmon, and the Don more for
+Trout, which are most delicious for the table;
+they cut as pink as Salmon. The white-trout
+fishing is good here in October, and the flies I
+have just given for the Tay will kill admirably
+in these rivers; and for salmon, will be capital
+ones, made a size or two larger. When I
+visited that country a few years back, I walked
+up the Dee one evening, and at a shallow ford,
+above the bridge, there were two men "stroke-hauling"
+the salmon as they run up out of the
+pool below, and which they called their rented
+fishery; they rushed into the stream with a
+sort of net in their hands, and had them out
+in quick time. As the fish run, the water did
+not appear to cover their backs. I was told,
+were it not for this practice, the river would be
+swarming.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE RIVER SPEY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>This splendid Salmon river runs through
+Elginshire, and a nobler one there is not to be
+found for fishing with the salmon fly, particularly
+in high water, and in the large pools
+when the water is low. In summer there is
+little sport to be had, except in these pools,
+with a good ripple, and towards the sea, from
+the bridge at Fochabers, a capital station, with
+an excellent inn. Early in the morning and
+late in the evening, are the best times in the
+heat of summer. I had a fly sent me some
+years past, by McPherson Grant, about the
+size of C or drake size, with which he killed a
+salmon, twenty pounds weight, in the Spey.
+The body of the fly was made of yellow silk,
+red cock's hackle, toucan tail ribbed with gold,
+jay at the shoulder, a neat gaudily mixed wing,
+feelers of blue and yellow macaw, and a small
+black head. It was one of my flies, which, if
+made on large size hooks, will kill anywhere.
+The above little fly is just the sort for low
+water, and should be adopted, made very small,
+in the summer months. The salmon should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>
+be thrown for with this sort of fly, in rapid
+currents rushing into deep holes, where the
+fish lie. The winged larva would do well in
+such places for grilse and sea-trout. In the
+spring, flies the size of No. 12, are used, with
+long thin silk bodies of orange, yellow, red,
+and green colours, red hackles, jay and mixed
+wings, with red feathers prevailing in them,
+and black heads, ribbed with gold and silver
+tinsel. The fifteen painted Salmon Flies will
+be found great killers in this river, varied in
+size according to the state of the water.</p>
+
+<p>There is a river which runs past the town of
+Banff, the Keith, in which there is good angling
+a few miles up from the broad part of the
+water. Guinea hen and jay hackles kill here,
+with grouse and brown body, mallard wings
+mixed with turkey tail, and small size hooks,
+say CC or B.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE FINDHORN</h2>
+
+
+<p>is another fine Salmon river after heavy rains,
+which swell it to a prodigious size, as shown
+by its channel in low water, high ridges of sand
+and gravel being thrown up on each side of its
+banks at every flat running ford in its course
+to the sea. The flies to suit it are:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. Brown body, gold tinsel, wings
+copper-coloured mallard, and a brown grouse
+hackle. Hook No. 8, and BB.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. Body brown floss silk, ribbed with
+silver, large motley brown cock's tail feather
+over the body, and a spotted turkey tail for
+wings. No. 9 hook.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. Body, puce floss silk ribbed with
+silver, black-red hackle, a mixed wing of glede,
+turkey tail, and mallard, with a topping over
+all, and a dark claret or purple hackle. Hook
+No. 9.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. Light puce body with a hackle of
+the same colour, topping for tail, and a gaudily
+mixed wing, (not too much so) broad silver.
+No. 8 hook.</p>
+
+<p>No. 5. Yellow body, puce hackle, mixed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>
+wings, rib of silver, and tail a topping. Hook
+No. 9. These, with the painted ones, will do
+the work to a nicety in this dashing river.</p>
+
+<p>The River Nairne, in these quarters, is not
+a bad one for grilse and salmon fishing in
+September; the town of Nairne, is the most
+convenient station, beginning a few miles up,
+and proceeding higher; the small salmon flies
+that I have given for the Spey will suit this
+river well.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>RIVERS AND LAKES ADJACENT<br />
+TO FORT WILLIAM, ON THE<br />
+CALEDONIAN CANAL.</h2>
+
+
+<p>These wild and majestic scenes in the heart
+of the Highlands of Scotland are without
+doubt splendid, either to look upon or for the
+purpose of salmon and trout fishing, the
+recollections of such to the intelligent and
+contemplative mind of the gentle angler who
+has visited this region, must be lasting and
+agreeable. <a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a>The sail down the Clyde from
+Glasgow, passing Dumbarton Castle (on a rock<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>
+in the water to the right), to Greenock, is most
+enchanting; opposite this fine town the angler
+will observe a grand expanse of deep and blue
+salt water, bordered in the distance with
+mountains dark and high, filling the imagination
+with awe, while pacing the decks of the
+frail but well appointed little steam boat Helen
+McGregor in the gloom, as she creaks away
+through briny silvered waves of lakes, estuaries,
+and straits, to Caledonia's "noblest work"&mdash;the
+Great Canal. Rounding a rough northern
+head land, where seven currents meet, of seas,
+sounds, and straits, Crenan in the wake, compassing
+the shore in Jura Sound, the "little
+Helen" struggling with the swelling tide, appeared
+to be standing still though at full
+speed; Loch Etive, on the starboard&mdash;into
+whose bosom, Awe's serpentine waters steal at
+solitary "Bunaw;" Lismore in the distance,
+Mull in our wake, due West&mdash;the rapid subsiding&mdash;through
+it "the fair one" tripped gallantly.
+In these "meetings of the waters," what
+oceans of salmon sported and played at large in
+their blue and fresh element, far from the wily
+bars! The "Heroine" seemed at once to be
+stepping up hills from lock to lock, till she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>
+levelled the base of "Ben Nevis;" close to which
+mighty mountain, the "fair one" squatted for
+the night. Glad enough were her living freight
+to get on firm footing, and wend their way
+across a mossy plain, without a rolling stone,
+to a little house under a hill, that kept beds
+"well aired," and "usquebaugh," for travellers.
+At the dawn of morning, through the haze,
+could be descried, "Fair Helen," smoking&mdash;her
+steam was up&mdash;sitting, "sidey for sidey," by
+the lofty Ben, the sight of which, to look up
+at, was staggering. He had yet his nightcap
+on of hazy grey, but enough of the giant hill
+could be denoted that his base on that side
+was hewn away, facilitating the great track.
+This morning, away went the "fair one,"
+rattling like "sticks a breaking." Hurrah for
+Fort William&mdash;a voice, "and the Camerons of
+Lochiel,"&mdash;here we are at Crystal Laggan,
+Lochiel, and Lochey's excellent waters for the
+Salmon Trout&mdash;(I will give the flies to suit
+them a little further on). "Fair Helen" began
+her movements slowly for some time, creeping
+through locks, o'er hills, in basins&mdash;Macomer
+on the starboard,&mdash;Lochiel, farewell!&mdash;now
+skimming into saltless "Lochey's" (famed for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>
+its ancient mountain clans) soft and balmy
+waters; through the lake she dashed, breast
+high&mdash;a strait ahead&mdash;steaming by Balalister
+at seven knots by the log, soundings the
+deep nine, "Fair Helen" entered the gorge,
+and now rushing down an inclined plain, to
+the fear of the timid, and delight of the stouthearted,
+double quick did run the "fair one,"
+making up for lost time experienced in the
+"meeting of the waters"&mdash;through lock gates,
+up hills, &amp;c., now through an embankment,
+nearing Fort Augustus, and the head of Lochness,
+down she settled between two stupendous
+lock gates. "What aw-fu' gates!" What work
+bestowed on them&mdash;what an enormous depth
+are they&mdash;the wet and muddy sides of which
+beat chilly. Down, "down below," went the
+"fair one," till she levelled the golden waters
+of&mdash;"O, that lovely lake,"&mdash;into which she
+slipped like a fairy elf. After her cold incarceration,
+"Helen the Fair" tripped merrily down
+the centre of the "fathomless Lochness," the
+sun breaking, beamed out upon us cheeringly
+after the chill and hazy morning. Like looking-glass
+did that sun-lit lake appear, stretching
+away before us, losing itself in the distance,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>
+bordered by hills and mountains on either side,
+till on the larboard was seen Morrison's lonely
+glen and meandering stream. We neared the
+bay, sounded whistle, and lowered steam. A
+few minutes more, and off went the Helen
+McGregor, making head like a waddling duck
+through the valley of golden<a name="FNanchor_F_6" id="FNanchor_F_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_6" class="fnanchor">[F]</a> waters. Hush!
+The mountain sylph is heard in the cabin.
+Hush! by the powers, it's Phillips, warbling
+the incantation of the wizard of the glen.</p>
+
+<div class='poem'>
+"Farewell to the mountain,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">And sun-lighted vale."</span><br />
+</div>
+
+<p>O, shade of Wilson! the soul of Scottish
+song. Angler, may you rest in peace. On the
+starboard was observed the "Falls of Fyres,"
+descending, perpendicularly, over a craggy
+precipice&mdash;most curious. "Bonny Helen"
+slid smoothly along, till, at the "heel of the
+evening," we entered the last embankment
+of Caledonia's Grand Canal, just where the
+beautiful river Ness issues out of "that lake,"
+opening into a lovely and fertile valley, in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span>
+centre of which is a boat upset, an antiquity,
+covered with motley trees. A few minutes
+more and we were safely landed at the quay of
+the fair and sweet metropolis of the ancient
+Highlands, Inverness, seated on a hill above
+the river. O, I sigh for the days that will
+never return! High and airy rock, I split
+upon you twice, steering northwise fra' bonny
+Dundee, through the "Carse o' Gowrie," by
+Laburnam, to famed Dunkeld, on Tay's noble
+waters; Blair Athol and Fore's Macbeth crossed
+the source of Spay, through a waste and dreary
+plain, with villages far apart, where ran those
+weirdy thinly kilted lads to see the "four-in-hand;"
+up hill, down dale, and heathered moor
+we steered, till at length we galloped towards
+the glooming, by the graves of dark Culloden's
+blood-stained field&mdash;nearing the city, on went
+the drag, and over a well macadamised road,
+"knapped" by the hardy highland wight, we
+hurried into Inverness. Alas! this bronchial
+asthma, that shuts me from that fishing.
+Fond memory brings the light of other days
+around me.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> The Author's trip.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_F_6" id="Footnote_F_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_6"><span class="label">[F]</span></a> There is a kind of slimy weed, of a yellow colour,
+that is produced at the bottom of the lake, which causes
+that appearance, and is injurious to fly fishing in the
+river.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>SALMON FLIES FOR FORT WILLIAM,<br />
+&amp;c. &amp;c.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The flies to suit the various waters surrounding
+Fort William are generally of a medium
+size and middling gaudy. The engraved
+ones in my list, for Salmon in general, from
+No. 2 to 11, will kill well. The list for the
+season for Trout.</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. Light blue body, rib of silver, guinea
+hen hackle, blue jay, topping in tail; wings,
+teal, mallard, guinea hen rump feather, peacock
+wing feather, and blue and yellow feelers of
+macaw. No. 9 hook, or BB.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. A small size fly like the above, varied
+with black floss body. A good sort for the
+Lochy. Hook C or CC.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. A fly like the first, varied in the body
+thus: yellow tag, silver tints, and a small topping
+for tail; a blue mohair joint, then a red
+one, another blue joint, then an orange one
+under the fly at the shoulder, and a blue head.
+Hook No. 9 or BB; a C for lake Trout.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. A claret fly, with wings and tail like<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>
+the first one, varied with yellow-brown body
+and hackle, and ribbed with gold. BB hook,
+and CC for lake Trout, with a bronze head.</p>
+
+<p>No. 5. A fly with grass-green floss silk,
+ribbed with gold, black-red hackle, and blue
+head; the wings and tail like the first. Vary
+the body with different greens. Hooks from
+CC up to No. 9.</p>
+
+<p>No. 6. A black body, with black legs, silver
+tinsel and cock of the north rump feathers for
+the wings; some call it the "copperkeilsey."
+Hook C, CC and B. This is the celebrated
+Kenloch of Kenloch.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>SALMON FLIES FOR THE NESS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>No. 1. Body half black and yellow, a jay
+and purple hackle ribbed with silver, orange
+head, mallard, peacock wing and jungle cock
+wings. Hook BB.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. Body black hair, orange tag, ribbed
+with gold and silver, black hackle, jay at the
+shoulder, wings mixed, of guinea hen, teal, two
+small tipped feathers, and two toppings over
+all a little longer, tail a small topping, and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>
+bronze head. Hook B or BB. This will be
+found a great killer in the Ness and Beauley, a
+beautiful stream at the head of the Murray
+Firth.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. Body yellow-brown pig hair, ribbed
+with gold, small, topping for tail, red cock's
+hackle and blue jay, wings of golden pheasant
+tail, mixed with mallard, neck feather, teal, and
+guinea hen, green parrot and macaw feelers,
+and a black head. Hook No. 9 or B; for low
+water, C. This is a capital fly for either the
+Ness or Beauley. These, with the painted
+flies, made small, will suit well.</p>
+
+<p>There is a kind of yellowish slimy weed on
+the bottom of the Ness which proceeds from
+Loch Ness, that is injurious to the propagation
+of the salmon of late years, and it affects the
+fly fishing considerably, to the great disappointment
+and vexation of the good anglers of the
+north.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE RIVER SHIN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Classic Shin, on whose heath-clad banks and
+flowing waters the great and good fly fishers
+roam, who never saw "Kelt of Baggit" there&mdash;the
+haunt of monarchs of the sea, and shepherd
+swains that watch His flocks, and feed His
+Dams&mdash;the theme of poetess, and the learned.
+O, "Ephemera," how beautifully written is
+that "Book of the Salmon;" how exquisitely
+delineated that "Ova;" how admirably that
+"golden fish," which bounds up falls and cataracts
+in that purling "meandering" stream;
+how charming to gaze upon that lovely "Goddess
+of the Brooks"&mdash;the famed Ondine&mdash;how
+rightly represented. Oh! excellent "Ephemera"&mdash;my
+good and constant friend&mdash;the
+"great and good Will Blacker's" tears (I blush)
+descend like rain through these sky lights, and
+damp the very sheets my palsied pen doth
+blot. Alas! well-a-day-that noble salmon
+fishing&mdash;what sport! These lean and bellows'd
+sides are winded&mdash;this flattened chest, once
+full, now dented&mdash;these calves, once plump,
+now thin and gone&mdash;these shins, once clad, are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span>
+now protruding. The "puss" more chronic
+heaves, yes, I still can fish! These cheeks,
+how pale (their bones "can't grind"), once
+rosy, the pride of more than "Reva's" lovely
+blooming rose, my blessed bosom friend, my
+wife, whose lamp is trimmed. O, "Ephemera!"
+friend, when shall we meet, with rod in hand,
+on pure and crystal Shin?&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class='poem'>
+"When summer comes,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The heather bells entice,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Our feet to roam.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The mournful dove,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Within the dale invites,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">To peace and love."</span><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class='unindent'>O, summer's glorious sun! I await thee, to
+tan this shrivelled, shorn hide. O! come,
+and regenerate this sapless tree with heavenly
+warmth.</div>
+
+<div class='poem'>
+My heart's in the Highlands,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My heart is not here;</span><br />
+My heart's in the Highlands,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Chasing the deer,</span><br />
+Chasing the wild deer,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And following the roe,</span><br />
+My heart's in the Highlands,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wherever I go.</span><br />
+</div>
+
+<p>I cannot add a fly to the list for the Shin in
+the "Book of the Salmon," by "Ephemera,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>
+except that I submit to the notice of the great
+salmon fishers of Shin those model flies in my
+list for trial, which, no doubt, will kill. I
+never fished the Shin, although I have been
+twice near it. Mr. Young, of Invershin, the
+renter of the river, will show gentlemen
+angling there every possible facility, civility,
+and politeness. The "Queen's Gap," in the
+cruives, is lifted on sabbath days.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVER THURSO.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Thurso, famed for its fresh run salmon
+throughout the year, is the most northern
+river in Scotland. The town of Thurso, in
+Caithness-shire, is the best station, and the
+route, from Aberdeen to Wick.</p>
+
+<p>The salmon flies for Thurso are rather of a
+plain and sombre cast, varying in size through
+the fishing months. The river is remarkably
+high and full in the spring, in consequence of
+the melting of the snow and ice, and at that
+period requires large flies, like No. 12; further
+on in the season they are much smaller in size,
+like Nos. 1, 2, 3, to No. 11, which are capital
+ones for it, and the other engravings are likewise<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>
+good in low water for the fresh run grilse.
+Throughout the summer months the following
+are also good for this river:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. Body black floss silk, orange tag,
+tip of gold, small topping for tail, black-red
+hackle, mallard wings mixed with peacock wing,
+a topping over all, and a black head. Hook
+BB, B.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2. Body claret silk, claret hackle, ribbed
+with gold, a short topping tail, with silver tip,
+mallard wings mixed with tipped feathers, macaw
+feelers, and a black head. Hook No. 9, or
+B. This is an admirable fly for lake trout, on
+C hook.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. Body yellow-brown mohair, red
+hackle, a short topping for tail, ribbed with
+gold, claret hackle round the shoulder, and
+mixed wings rather grey, and inclined to be
+gaudy. No. 9 hook, or BB. C, for lake trout.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. A black fly, with yellow head, tail of
+mohair, black hackle, ribbed with broad silver,
+wings black turkey tail with white tip, varied
+with brown turkey tail. A fly of each is useful.
+Hook No. 8 or 9.</p>
+
+<p>No. 5. A green fly, both body and hackle,
+mixed wings rather gaudy, ribbed with gold,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span>
+orange head, topping in tail, varied with a
+black-red hackle, and light green silk body
+ribbed with gold twist. Hook B or BB.</p>
+
+<p>No. 6. A dark brown fly, brown red hackle
+and body, ribbed with gold twist, and glede
+wings, varied with brown spotted turkey tail
+feather or mallard, one of each. Hook No. 8
+or 9, B for low water.</p>
+
+<p>There is a good deal of guinea hen and teal
+feathers used in the flies of these northern
+rivers, which appears to be an improvement,
+with jungle-cock and wood-duck.</p>
+
+<p>There is a river issues out of Loch Naver,
+a short way from the source of the Thurso,
+which falls into the sea in the same direction
+west of the town of Thurso; it has a winding
+course, and would be a very good river for
+salmon were it well preserved.</p>
+
+<p>There are numerous rivers running into the
+firths on the east side of Sutherland, which
+produce salmon and fine trout that run up
+from the sea:&mdash;the Wick and Helmsdale in
+Caithness, the Brora near Golspie, the Dornoch
+into which the river Shin flows, Drummond and
+Loch Clash, Dingwall river and lake, and the
+river Beauley at the head of the Murray Firth.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Lord Lovat is the owner of this river, and
+he is very willing to grant permission to gentlemen
+to fish on sending in their cards.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVER ESK.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The North and South Esk are rivers of
+Forfar, falling into the sea near Montrose. The
+North Esk is the best of the two, and affords
+excellent angling for salmon and sea-trout in
+August and September. These rivers may be
+visited by rail from Aberdeen or Dundee, at
+the present day. I have been told by a gentleman
+residing at Forfar, that the North Esk was
+sometimes swarming with salmon and grilse to
+an incredible extent. The wealthy proprietor
+of the river will give instant permission to
+gentlemen to fly fish, information of which he
+can obtain at the town of Montrose, on the
+Great Northern Railroad.</p>
+
+<p>The flies to suit these rivers are small and
+plain. A small claret fly with mallard wings;
+a fly with brown body and a furnace hackle,
+mallard wings mixed with blue peacock neck
+feather, strips of mallard in tail, and gold.
+Hook C or CC.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>An orange body fly of floss silk, a black
+hackle, gold, the wings mixed of light and dark
+mallard, the light feathers are found under the
+wings of the wild drake on the body, the brown
+copper-coloured ones on its back growing down
+from the roots of the wings, (use floss silk for
+the bodies). A black fly, with silver and black
+hackle, and teal wings mixed with blue peacock
+neck. Hook C or CC.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>LOCH LEVEN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The trout fly fisher staying at Stirling, or
+its neighbourhood, on the Great Northern, will
+find himself agreeably situated in the centre of
+many beautiful streams, to which he may have
+easy access. At the town of Kinross, by the
+head of Loch Leven, is a nice station for the
+lake, and at the village of Largo, to fish the
+river Leven, below which place it enters the
+sea at the mouth of the Firth of Forth. A
+short distance from Largo, near the Promontory,
+is the town of Anstruther, famous for a
+monument to the memory of "Maggy Lauder."
+I had the pleasure of once seeing it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the Edinburgh and Northern line from
+Stirling, is the town of Kettle, on the "River
+Eden," a good station. There are grilse and
+sea-trout run up it out of the bay of St.
+Andrew's, in the spring and autumn. Try
+about the town of Cupar, and near its source,
+at "Auchtermuchty."</p>
+
+<p>The flies to suit it are, hare's ears, black
+hackles, red hackles, and furnace flies, varied
+in size.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVER ALLAN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>This is a good stream for trout fishing; it
+enters the Forth below Stirling, just above the
+town of Aloa. It has an extraordinary winding
+course, flowing through a picturesque country,
+and famed in poetic lore as "Allan's winding
+stream."</p>
+
+<div class='poem'>
+"On the banks of Allan water,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When the sweet spring time did fall,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Lived the miller's lovely daughter,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The fairest of them all.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">For his bride a soldier sought her,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And a winning tongue had he;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">On the banks of Allan's water,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There was none so gay as she."</span><br />
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Sea-trout and grilse run up the Allan in
+spring and autumn, which afford good sport.
+The small trout flies in my list suit this river
+capitally.</p>
+
+<p>A few miles above Stirling there is good
+fishing up to Loch Katrine, commencing below
+the town of Dumblane, on the Scottish Central
+Line, and fish up to "Callander," on the east
+of Ben Lomond. Dumblane is famed as the
+birth place of "Charming Jessie," in Burns'
+poetic muse&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class='poem'>
+"The sun had gan' doun<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">O'er the lofty Ben Lomond,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">And left the red clouds</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">To preside o'er the scene,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">When lanely I stray'd in</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The calm summer gla'ming,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">To muse on sweet Jessie,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The flower of Dumblane."</span><br />
+</div>
+
+<p>There is another stream that runs down from
+"Aberfildy" to Stirling, in which there is excellent
+trout fishing. It has a winding course,
+falling over rocks, rushing through gorges,
+down precipices in its way, where it forms
+deep holes for itself, which in the summer are
+the haunts of large and fine trout.</p>
+
+<p>The flies to suit it are, small dark hare's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span>
+ears, small black hackles, red and black ants,
+browns, small duns, and hare's ear and yellow,
+the blue blow, the brown midge, and in the
+spring, the March brown, and stone fly, for
+large fish.</p>
+
+<p>There is a very nice stream running out of
+"Loch Lomond" into the river Clyde, at the
+town of Dumbarton, in which there are sea-trout
+in the spring and autumn. They take
+very small dun flies, silver greys and black
+midges, the dark hare's ear, and red hackle.</p>
+
+<p>The picturesque Loch Lomond affords good
+trout fishing along its gravelly shores, and near
+the islands. There are two flies that kill well
+in it, which are as follows: Black body and
+hackle, tip of silver, wings of the short bronze
+feathers of the back of the peacock. No. 6
+hook, or <i>fff</i>. The other one is, red body, red
+hackle, and a wing like the first, both tailed
+with two fibres of the feather of the wings. I
+received these two flies from a gentleman, one
+time when I was at Glasgow, who confirmed
+them as "out-and-outers."</p>
+
+<p>There are fish called Pullen, very numerous
+in Loch Lomond, the shape and size of herrings,
+which are also numerous in Loch<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>
+Neagh, in the north of Ireland. They sell in
+Belfast as "fresh water herrings."</p>
+
+<p>When a young man, I denominated Belfast
+my favorite home, among my dear friends of
+the rod and gun. Newry, in the County of
+Down, was the home of my ancestors. My
+first crying was behind "Cronebaun" hills, in
+the County of Wicklow, near the "Ovoca,"
+famed for "sweetness" and poetic muse of
+Erin's humble bard, Tom Moore.</p>
+
+<p>Looking over the Wicklow sands, where many
+a poor fisherman foundered, in the village<a name="FNanchor_G_7" id="FNanchor_G_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_7" class="fnanchor">[G]</a> of
+"Red Cross," was the first sight my "mama"
+got of me; like a cloistered nun, I was covered
+in a veil, which, they say, would always keep
+me from the "briny depths." Many "crosses"
+have I had since January 14th, 1814, the "hard
+winter" which corresponds with that of last
+year. Mature years of experience make wise
+men. Forty and one summers having rolled
+over my head, the dishevelled ringlets of which
+are now sprinkled with "honorable grey"&mdash;bashful
+man, hide your blushes&mdash;my ruddy tint
+flies when I tell you, my dear anglers, that my
+sincere desire is to love every good man, as God<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span>
+has taught me. There is no one I despise,
+disposed at all times to revere superiors, condescend
+to those who perchance may be my
+inferiors, continent to kind friends, and forgiving
+to enemies, if any. Unless we profit
+by charity, all other profit seems void.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_G_7" id="Footnote_G_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_7"><span class="label">[G]</span></a> The mansion is roofless, says "Rory O'More."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>LOCH AWE AND RIVER.</h2>
+
+
+<p>This celebrated lake, on the western side of
+Scotland, may be conveniently reached from
+Glasgow. There are steam boats sail two or
+three times a week up Loch Fine to Inverary,
+where there can be every information gained
+respecting conveyances to the inn at Loch Awe,
+where boats and men are to be had. It is a
+long and narrow lake in places, and in summer
+most cheering and pleasant to the fly fishers
+resorting there. Good angling may be found
+in the river running by Glenorchy into the lake,
+where it again issues out of it, and is called the
+River Awe.</p>
+
+<p>It runs with a full and rapid stream, has but
+a short course, falling into the salt water lake,
+or estuary, called "Etive," opposite the island
+of Mull.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There could be no better river or lake in
+the kingdom for salmon, were it not for the
+"cruives," that, of course, "weed them all
+away," the proprietor of which is most obliging
+to grant permission to gentlemen anglers who
+visit it. The purity of these waters facilitates
+the propagation of the salmon wonderfully,
+were they allowed ingress and egress. When
+the fishing laws are altered, and a reformation
+made, there will be grand fly fishing, as good
+as can be found in Norway. In the neighbourhood
+of good salmon and trout fishing
+rivers, the people, whom the anglers employ,
+are very much benefited, and particularly innkeepers,
+on their banks, and in towns where
+there is not much traffic. The angler's heart is
+"in fishing" wherever he goes.</p>
+
+<p>The salmon and trout flies to suit Loch Awe
+and river (my memoranda are generally correct).</p>
+
+<p>No. 1. An original and most killing fly for
+salmon:&mdash;Body black ostrich harl, ribbed with
+gold, a tag of yellow mohair at the tail, tail a
+very short topping, a rich black-red hackle
+rolled over the black sparingly, and a mallard
+wing, made to stand well up and apart. Hook
+BB, or No. 9. C for lake trout.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>No. 2. A brown body, black hackle ribbed
+with gold, and grouse wings. Hook CC.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3. Bronze peacock body, ribbed with
+gold twist, black-red cock's hackle, and dark
+brown grouse rump feather mixed with turkey
+tail for wings. Hook BB. C for trout in the
+lake.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4. A cinnamon fly, with glede wings
+mixed with jungle cock, and ribbed with gold.
+B hook. No. 9 for the river.</p>
+
+<p>No. 5. A black body, silver tinsel, black
+hackle, full teal wings, yellow head, and tail.
+Hook B.</p>
+
+<p>No. 6. A dark green fly ribbed with gold,
+silver pheasant tail mixed with mallard for
+wings, a small topping in tail, and orange
+head. Hook BB, or C.</p>
+
+<p>A blue fly with teal wings and blue hackle
+ribbed with silver, topping in the tail, and red
+head of mohair, hook B, or BB; and a fly with
+peacock harl body, black hackle, hen pheasant
+tail wings mixed, and the tail of the cock bird.
+Hook B, or C for trout.</p>
+
+<p>The large trout flies in my list for the season
+are excellent ones for the lake, and Nos. 3, 4,
+5, and 11, for salmon.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There is good salmon fishing to be had in
+Islay, south of Mull. The steam boat from
+Glasgow calls there twice a week. Mr. Campbell,
+the laird, resides in the island, who
+gives permission, unhesitatingly, to gentlemen
+making application to him.</p>
+
+<p>The river is at the landing place of the
+steamer; the salmon, which are numerous in
+it, take small gaudy flies&mdash;blue body and hackle,
+brown, claret, red, black, and green flies.</p>
+
+<p>There is also salmon fishing to be had in
+"Jura Isle," a little to the north of Islay.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVERS IRVINE, GIRVAN, AND<br />
+STINCHER, IN AYRSHIRE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>In this westerly quarter may be found excellent
+Salmon and Trout fishing in the spring
+and autumn in these beautiful streams, which
+can be reached from the city of Glasgow every
+day by rail.</p>
+
+<p>The Stincher is the best for salmon, the flies
+for which are browns, blacks, reds, and greys,
+all plainly dressed ones. I will describe one
+here, a great favourite of a gentleman friend of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span>
+mine, Mr. Murdoch,&mdash;Stephen Blair, &amp;c. At
+Glasgow, some years ago, on my stay in that
+city; I give his name, as he used to call my
+flies "mest noble flees," and laughed heartily
+to see the man&oelig;uvring of the hook in my
+fingers.</p>
+
+<p>The body of Mr. Murdoch's fly was in joints
+of pig hair picked out, and at the head a black-red
+hackle; first, there was a tip of gold, a tag
+of yellow hair, then a joint of orange, a joint
+of fiery brown, a joint of claret, and a joint of
+black pig hair or mohair, spaniel hair is best;
+the wings a light brown turkey tail feather with
+white tips, tied on topping a little longer than
+the bend of the hook, a very small topping in
+the tail. Hook No. 8 for high water.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Murdoch was a native of Ayr, and a keen
+fisher, and used to speak much of his angling
+in the "waters o' Doon."</p>
+
+<p>From Ayr, the angler may proceed to the
+lakes of Cumberland, <i>vi&acirc;</i> Carlisle, Keswick, and
+Bowness.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>RIVERS OF WALES.&mdash;THE CONWAY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>There would be excellent salmon fishing in
+Wales were the rivers properly preserved. The
+Conway (North Wales) is a beautiful stream,
+and it is a great pity it should be neglected;
+however, I believe it will be very soon protected
+from the nets, &amp;c., as there are a few
+spirited gentlemen in the neighbourhood of
+Llanwrist and Aberconway, who will rent and
+preserve it for fly fishing only, all the way
+up from the town of Conway to Capel Curig.
+The salmon flies in my list, made on small
+size hooks, will suit it well, varied according
+to the state of the water; and my list of trout
+flies will be found admirable for it. Information
+respecting season tickets, and rules of the
+fishing, may be obtained at the Inn at Llanwrist.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVER DOVEY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Dovey is a nice stream, but runs off
+very soon, like all others descending from the
+mountains. The salmon would be, nevertheless,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>
+very plentiful in it, as there are many
+capital large pools for them to haunt, if they
+were allowed to reach them. It is so very
+much netted at its mouth that it cannot be
+possible for fly fishing to be good. The neighbourhood
+of Machynlleth is the best place to
+fly fish it. In the spring and autumn the
+salmon flies in the plates will be found admirable
+for it, made on CC hooks, and C for low
+water. The furnace and black-red hackles are
+excellent local flies, made on C hooks, for
+summer. Sewen take small duns, and the
+Cochybonddu.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>RIVER TIVEY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Tivey is considered the very best and
+most prolific river in all Wales. It has a long
+and winding course to Cardigan, and before it
+reaches this place, at Newcastle Emlyn, it is a
+picture of a river for salmon fishing. Lampeter,
+higher up, is a very good station, near to which
+place are the "Tivey Pools," where the fish lie
+in low water. My list of both salmon and trout
+flies would be excellent for the Tivey, dressed
+on small hooks.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE WYE, MONMOUTH.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Wye, at the town of Monmouth, and
+up towards Leominster, is an excellent river
+for salmon; and the Usk, in the same quarter,
+is also good for salmon and fine trout. The
+latter river is a very short way from the Wye,
+and may be conveniently reached from Monmouth
+to Abergavenny, close to which town it
+passes, and enters the mouth of the Severn at
+Newport; the Wye falls into it higher up, at
+Chepstow. The painted flies in the plates will be
+just the sort for the Wye made smaller, and will
+suit the Usk admirably, dressed smaller still.</p>
+
+<p>There is a local fly or two which I will give,
+viz.&mdash;Body yellow mohair bordering on orange,
+a red ginger cock's hackle long in the fibre
+rolled over it, ribbed with plate gold, a red tail,
+and light brown turkey tail feather with white
+tips for the wings. Hook No. 9.</p>
+
+<p>Another fly with the same body, and wings
+of the bittern's neck, two feathers should be
+tied in, and the whole to stand well up.</p>
+
+<p>Another fly, with brown body, brown hackle,
+brown wings, and tail, ribbed with gold. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>
+Dun Palmer, in the Plate No. 7, and the Dun
+Salmon fly, No. 6, made on smaller size hooks,
+will be found excellent ones. Nos. 4, 5, and 10,
+are also good, the latter for high water. Never
+were there better flies seen for the Welsh rivers
+in general than these, made to suit the state of
+the water.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVER SEVERN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The river Severn has its source in Montgomeryshire,
+takes a long course, passing the
+towns of Welshpool and Shrewsbury. It is a
+fine stream, and there could be no better one
+were it well preserved. There is excellent
+greyling fishing below Shrewsbury, but little or
+no salmon fishing. "Mr. Taylor," in his Book
+on Angling, who was a native of this place, says,
+"that he hooked and killed a greyling in the
+Severn, below Shrewsbury, five pounds weight."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The River Thame</span> rises in Wales, near
+Bishop's Castle, and joins the Severn below
+Worcester. It produces excellent fish, particularly
+trout and greyling. Begin to fish at
+Ludlow, and move down the stream. The flies
+in my list are good for it.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE TRENT</h2>
+
+
+<p>is a good river for greyling fishing, near the
+town of Newark, on the Nottingham and Lincoln
+Railroad. The flies to suit it are small
+blue duns, cochybonddus, small black hackles,
+orange duns, red hackles without wings, wren
+hackles, small grouse hackles, ash duns, willow
+flies, blue blows, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>The well known Lakes and Rivers of Cumberland
+are excellent for fly fishing, particularly
+Ulswater for trout, and the beautiful Lake
+Windermere for a fish called Char. These
+delicious fish take a fly like the sea-trout,
+which they resemble in shape, although much
+darker in colour. A small fly made on No. 8
+hook, or No. 6, with puce body and hackle,
+ribbed with silver, the wings of brown mallard,
+and a tail the same feather as the wings; a fly
+with an orange body, black hackle, and mallard
+wings; another with woodcock wings, orange
+body, and furnace red hackle; a fly with a
+bronze peacock harl body, rib of gold, black
+hackle, and jay wings, varied with light grey
+mallard for wings; and my list of trout flies<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span>
+for the season will be found excellent for the
+trout in the lakes and rivers.</p>
+
+<p>Bowness, Patterdale, Poolybridge, and Keswick,
+are all nice stations, where men and boats
+may be had conveniently.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>RIVERS OF YORK AND DERBY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The beautiful streams of these counties are
+excellent for trout fishing, and the scenery
+varied and pleasing throughout. The river
+Wharf is a delightful stream in the neighbourhood
+of Bolton Abbey, a well known place of
+"Hofland." See his painting of it, which
+gives a good idea of the magnificent scene.
+Harrowgate, and Harewood Bridge, would be
+very convenient stations for the fly fisher to
+stay at. The greyling are good here, and the
+small duns, wren, and grouse hackles, do well;
+the Dottrille hackle, and black and red hackle,
+with yellow waxed silk bodies, and starling
+wing, are good; a small fly with peacock body,
+black hackle, and starling wing. No. 13 hook,
+or 12. These flies may be seen in my list.
+They will also kill well at Driffield.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE HODDER.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Whitewell is a favourite spot for anglers to
+meet during the May fly season, it is beautifully
+situated for scenery and sport; my list of flies
+will be found excellent killers in this stream
+for both trout and greyling; there is a comfortable
+inn here.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>RIVERS OF DERBY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Derbyshire is watered by many delightful
+streams, which abound with trout and greyling,
+the owners of which allow the angler to fish
+without the least hesitation on making application
+and sending in his card.</p>
+
+<p>The River Dove, at "Dove Dale," is as charming
+a place for a few days fly fishing as any in the
+County, and is famed for the pleasing recollections
+of the early days of "Walton and Cotton's"
+rambles on its banks. There is an inn at the
+entrance of the Dale, and Mapleton and Ashbourne
+convenient stations. The flies to suit
+the Dove are, small duns of various sorts,
+greys, and browns, as described in my list for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>
+the season, there cannot be better flies for it
+if made to answer the state of the water.</p>
+
+<p>The beautiful river Wye, at the town of
+"Bakewell," is a capital stream for the fly, and
+many a good angler makes his appearance here
+in the drake season; the winged larva and
+May fly in the engraving would do well on
+windy days, when the natural May fly did not
+show itself in great numbers; my list for the
+season will be found excellent ones for the Wye.</p>
+
+<p>The Derwent is also another nice fly-fishing
+stream for trout and fine greyling; the best
+places to proceed to fish would be Baslow and
+Rowsley Bridge, my list of flies will suit it
+well.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>THE RIVERS WANDLE AND COLN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>These rivers are convenient to London, and
+are famous for fly fishing: they are in general
+private property, but the owners are very civil
+in granting one or two days' angling on application
+and sending your card. There are two
+or three places on the Wandle that may be
+angled in at will, about the neighbourhood of
+Carshalton, and Ackbridge; and on the Coln,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span>
+at Watford and Rickmansworth. The flies
+to suit the Wandle are generally well known,
+which are&mdash;the Carshalton cocktail, dark hare's
+ear, blue and pale duns, little peacock fly,
+furnace fly, small soldier fly, and little black
+red palmers, the little brown midge and the
+March brown made very small, small black
+gnat, and red ant, these flies may be seen in
+my list for the season, they cannot fail to afford
+diversion.</p>
+
+<p>The flies to suit the river Coln, are&mdash;the
+brown Caperer, large cinnamon fly, brown-red
+palmer, and Orl fly with a dun hackle and
+yellow body, the stone fly, March brown, brown
+grouse hackle, wren-tail fly, large red ant, black
+gnat, and dun drake, a red hackle fly made
+full with the red and grey tail feather of the
+partridge mixed, bronze peacock harl body.
+Hook No. 8.</p>
+
+<p>The Great Whirling Dun, Red Spinner, the
+Coachman, and the Large Governor flies will
+be found with those good for the evening, with
+a nice ripple on the water.</p>
+
+<p>The river Itchen, at Itchen Abbas, Hants, is
+a very nice stream for fly fishing, and the Avon
+at Salisbury Plain, the Kennet, at Hungerford,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span>
+Berks, is also good, and the river Mole at
+Leatherhead, Surrey, is a beautiful stream for
+fly fishing, in the vicinity of Randal's Park.
+It has been preserved in the park for years,
+and abounds with large trout.</p>
+
+<p>Whitchurch and Stockbridge are also good
+places for the fly, in Hampshire; and the
+famed "Lea" at Ware, the resort of many a
+good London angler; the river Stour is another
+fine trout stream, it receives the rivers of Wilts
+in its course, waters Hampshire, and falls into
+the sea at Christchurch. My list of flies will
+kill here.</p>
+
+<p>There are many very beautiful rivers in
+Devonshire for trout fishing, which are, the Ex
+at Exeter and Tiverton, the Ax at Axminster,
+and the Tamar which separates Cornwall and
+Devon, a very considerable river, in which
+there are salmon and fine white trout in the
+spring of the year, March and April. Launceston
+would be the most convenient station
+for the tourist angler to fish this fine river.</p>
+
+<p>The salmon in it take small flies, with claret
+and dark brown bodies, ribbed with gold, mallard
+wings mixed with a little tipped feather,
+and tails of the same; at high water they rise<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span>
+and take more gaudily dressed ones, made on
+B and BB hooks.</p>
+
+<p>I sent the colours to a gentleman to suit this
+river some time ago, who told me it would be
+an excellent one for salmon, were it well taken
+care of. He made his own flies.</p>
+
+<p>I have also sent fishing colours, hackles, and
+flies, to suit every river, or nearly so, in Great
+Britain, to gentlemen residing on their banks,
+which has been a great advantage to me in
+obtaining the knowledge of the local flies, but
+in general my flies have succeeded best in the
+hands of those Fly fishers who have made it
+their study and practice.</p>
+
+<p>It will be seen that I have not withheld the
+local flies for each river from accompanying
+my own, and those great anglers who visit
+Norway will find the Salmon flies in the plates
+most killing, and it will be a great advantage
+to them to have this book in their possession,
+to give them a knowledge of fishing colours,
+and the various modes of dressing both salmon
+and trout flies, the delineation of which they
+will see I have given to a nicety, having studied
+from my youth, and learned from my own
+observation.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I have been all my life too fond of fishing,
+which has been sometimes to my disadvantage,
+but I loved the scenes of woods, green hills,
+of singing birds, meadows, and fresh air,
+rushing rivers, and above all, to look at the
+beautiful fish jumping to catch the fly on the
+surface of the water.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 379px;"><a name="Plate_20" id="Plate_20"></a>
+<a href="images/i_274-big.png"><img src="images/i_274.png" width="379" height="600" alt="Plate of Minnow tackle, &amp;c." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>BAIT FISHING.</h2>
+
+<h2>THE RIVER THAMES.</h2>
+
+
+<p>After jumping over old "tower'd" Thames
+on our way to the south, we now return to him
+to wind up this little chapter on rivers; there
+cannot be a better river for the purposes of
+trolling, spinning, or bait fishing in general,
+than the Thames, there is not a town on
+its banks from Richmond to Oxford, that does
+not afford capital angling with the bait, and in
+many places large trout may be caught with
+the fly in the evening, these large trout are
+very delicious and grow fat on the quantities of
+minnows and gudgeons which they prey upon,
+and of which there are an inexhaustible supply.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span>
+I have taken a few of them with large size
+blood red flies, brown flies, and large palmers
+of the like colours. The flies Nos. 4, 5, and 7,
+in the plates, are just the sort made a size or
+two smaller; Hampton Court, Sunbury, Weybridge,
+and Pentonhook, are likely places to
+rise a fish about seven in the evening, and
+early in the morning from six to eight. A
+light general rod with spare tops for fly
+fishing, about sixteen or seventeen feet long,
+with reel, and line of sixty yards, would be
+about the sort I would recommend, made of
+good hickory, or split cane; this sort of rod
+would suit any purpose, either for trolling,
+spinning, or for barbel fishing with the lob
+worm, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Stoddart in his "Work on Angling"
+speaks very highly of worm and bait fishing in
+general.</p>
+
+<p>And "Mr. Salter's Book," is a very good authority
+for trolling and spinning. The greater part
+of the fishermen and punt men on the Thames
+are capital hands at using the trolling and
+spinning tackle, so that the young angler who
+desires to become expert at this sort of fishing,
+can easily gain instruction from these civil<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span>
+men; they are also good barbel and trout
+fishers with the lob worm.</p>
+
+<p>There are many good trout caught by
+spinning, and when bait fishing with the lob
+worm for barbel in places where they would
+rise and take the fly were they let alone, this is
+the cause of their being so scarce, as trout
+from half-a-pound and upwards will take the
+worm.</p>
+
+<p>The Thames produces many kinds of fish&mdash;trout,
+perch, barbel, pike, roach, dace, carp,
+chub, gudgeons, minnows, eels, &amp;c. As all
+these fish take the bait in general, I will here
+give the proper sorts for each, with the tackle
+to suit the purpose, and will show the angler
+which to use to his best advantage in every
+river he fishes in.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>PERCH.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Perch is a very handsome fish, and is
+best taken with the worm or live minnow, the
+larger size ones take the latter bait well and the
+smaller ones take the brandling and red worms
+best, using a No. 7 or 8 hook, and put on two
+worms at a time; use a small cork float, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span>
+as many shot on the line as will keep the bait
+steady about a foot from the bottom; use fine
+tackle in clear deep water, and keep as much
+out of their view as possible; the Paternoster
+is an excellent tackle for taking them, baited
+with live minnows in rapid waters near the
+sides of weirs, roving with a small live minnow,
+having a shot on the line of fine gut to
+keep it in mid water. If you know there are
+pike in the place, use fine gymp instead of gut,
+as these fish are taken in the same manner.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>BARBEL.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Barbel are strong fish, and require
+strong tackle to catch them, a No. 4 or 5 hook
+tied on stout single gut, and have a small
+bullet with a hole through it on your line, and
+a shot about a foot from the hook to be
+stationary, to prevent the bullet from running
+down on the bait; when you have a bite he
+draws the line through the bullet gently at first
+let him do so for a little, and then strike not
+too hard. The best bait for him is the lob
+worm well scoured.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 550px;"><a name="Plate_21" id="Plate_21"></a>
+<a href="images/i_281-big.png"><img src="images/i_281.png" width="550" height="378" alt="Plate of Pike tackle, &amp;c." title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p>I consider this a famous plan for catching
+salmon, when they will not rise at the fly, in
+deep running streams. If you can find out
+where there is one lying drop it into the water
+above him and let it fall towards his nose, and
+he will be almost sure to take it. In low
+water you can throw the lob worm, if well
+scoured, on a gut casting line, like the fly, on
+a No. 6 hook; moving up the river, throwing
+it in before you, and allowing it to fall gently
+with the current till you feel a bite, raising
+your hand after allowing time, the same as if it
+had taken the fly; you may wade up the river
+at convenient places with your boots, try
+Cording's waterproofs, in the Strand.</p>
+
+<p>There is good trout fishing after rains, with
+the running line, with shot attached; use gut
+hooks No. 7 or 8, and let the bait run with the
+stream gently, keeping the line taut, and when
+it stops rise your hand a little to free it,
+allowing it to move on again, and when you
+feel a bite wait a little till he takes it, and then
+strike gently, if a small fish pull him out, if a
+large one play him. The best places to throw
+in are at the sides of streams, in the smooth
+parts, in eddies, and where the current of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span>
+pool is breaking off at the foot into another
+stream, and when the flood is subsiding after
+rain, are the best times, using brandling worms
+and small lob worms. This was my favourite
+way of catching trout when a boy.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>PIKE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Pike is a rough customer (if large) to
+come across, and the tackle which is required
+to catch him is as rough and as terrible as himself;
+he will take almost anything that is
+thrown to him if moved in the water he haunts.
+Roving with the minnow using a float, is, I
+think, the nicest way of fishing for him in deep
+places, but he is oftener taken by spinning, or
+trolling the gorge bait, tackle which is well
+known to every angler.</p>
+
+<p>The pike take the larger double hook gaudy
+fly, in deep running places, beyond the weeds,
+when there is a stiff breeze blowing and small
+close rain falling, and at no other time will he
+look at a fly; it is useless to try unless in a
+rapid stream, which is an unusual place for
+him to haunt in general. Autumn is the best<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span>
+time for these fish. When you prepare the
+trolling bait for jack or pike, have a needle
+to draw the gymp through the bait, say a
+minnow, gudgeon, or dace, putting it in at
+the mouth of the fish and out near the root
+of the tail; sew up the mouth of the bait,
+and tie the tail part to the end of the hooks,
+which has been often explained before. Throw
+it in sideways into deep places, letting it
+sink a foot or two, and draw it in pretty
+quick towards you, and when the fish makes
+a run to take it, give him a little time;
+when your line begins to shiver and shake
+and he moves off, raise your hand and anchor
+the hook in him; if he is a small one whip
+him out of the water with your stiff and
+patent line at your feet, if a large one play
+him as you would a salmon, keep his head well
+up and draw him through the weeds if any
+and gaff him quickly.</p>
+
+<p>The best rods to use for trolling are made
+of the toughest hickory, as the cane often gives
+way with a large fish; upright rings, and prepared
+silk and hair line, with reel to suit the
+rod, forty yards, if the place you angle in is not
+very broad, will be sufficient; and when fishing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>
+in a boat with a salmon rod, if there is a
+chance of pike fishing in lakes when the
+salmon will not take the fly, using the short
+top would be found stiff enough, that is, when
+you have not a trolling rod with you in the
+boat.</p>
+
+<p>The large flexible minnow would be a capital
+bait for jack in lakes or deep rivers; and the
+glass minnow is also good. These fish rush at
+very bright imitations of the natural fish bait
+best, and a good size white trout would be a
+valuable little fish to throw for him&mdash;a large
+size dace is also good. These baits could be
+preserved in whiskey for weeks. They preserve
+fry and sprats in Scotland in this way for
+salmon or pike fishing. The old fishermen in
+the north say that "sprats" are the fry of the
+herring. I am persuaded that they would be
+excellent bait for salmon, preserved so as to
+keep their brilliancy. The Paternoster Tackle
+cannot fail to suit the purpose of those who
+prefer angling in a punt for jack at the sides of
+large streams near the bank where there are
+alders or willows growing, overhanging the
+water, with a gravelly bottom. Nice plump
+bright minnows are the best, or large size<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span>
+gudgeons; the hooks No. 4 or 5, mounted on
+gymp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Note.</i>&mdash;The best trolling rods, spinning, and
+bait rods, with trolling tackle of the strongest
+sort; minnow tackle, gut hooks, gymp hooks,
+treble and double hooks, gorge and snap hooks,
+and every sort of the best hooks and tackle to
+suit trolling, spinning, and bait fishing, to be
+had at my shop, 54, Dean Street, Soho, London.
+Try my spinning trace, half twisted and half
+single salmon gut, mounted with swivels and
+large shot, for large trout or salmon.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>ROACH.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Roach is a handsome fish, and when
+taken of the size of half a pound or a pound,
+are not such bad eating as is said of them.
+They are very bony, it is true, but particularly
+wholesome. These fish do not thrive so well
+in ponds where they are exceedingly numerous,
+but in deep running rivers, with sandy and
+gravelly bottoms. They excel in both flavour
+and size. Let the place to angle for them be
+about four or five feet deep, plumb the depth,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span>
+and allow your bait to be very near the bottom.
+The baits are paste, or gentles. When you
+begin, throw into the place you angle in some
+ground bait, to bring them together; keep your
+eye to the float, which should be a quill one,
+and the gut line with as many shot attached to
+it as will carry the float about a quarter the
+length of it out of the water, and strike smartly,
+but gently when you see it move downwards.
+They bite best in mild dark days. Work the
+paste between the hands (bread without wet),
+and when rather tough, mix a little vermilion
+with it, they like this best. Let the shot be
+about half a foot or so from the hook, which
+should be a No. 10 or 12, and where there are
+large ones, No. 8, tied on gut. When I was a
+little boy this sort of angling used to be my
+favourite amusement, with the running bait for
+trout after a flood.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>DACE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Dace is a lively brisk little fish, and
+affords much amusement in catching him, particularly
+with very small flies, which he will
+rise at from May to October. They like the
+rapid streams, along the sides of them, and in
+the middle, they may be seen in shoals. The
+vicinity of Richmond is a very good place to
+go for a day's Dace fishing with the fly. They
+haunt the same places as the Roach, are taken
+with the same baits, and angled for near the
+bottom. Hooks No. 12 or 13.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CARP.</h2>
+
+
+<p>It is a very difficult matter to catch Carp
+with the bait, as they are most cunning fish to
+detect at once the deception, and swim away
+on the least sight of the rod or the shadow of
+the fisherman. The Carp haunt the deep parts
+of gently running streams, and those caught
+in rivers are the best; those that are very numerous
+in ponds are lean and soft in the flesh,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span>
+and rather insipid. The best plan to angle for
+them would be with a very fine gut line, a
+No. 9 hook, baited with a couple of small red
+worms or two gentles, thrown into the water
+where they are, very cautiously, and keep well
+out of sight. Let the bait sink a short way
+from the surface, and draw it gently towards
+you, using at the same time a very long rod,
+rather stiff. Strike immediately they take the
+bait, gently, and play them as you would a
+trout on the fly.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CHUB.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Chub is rather a handsome fish when
+in season, and those caught with the artificial
+fly in many parts of the Thames, are very
+brilliant and pretty to look at; but, unfortunately,
+they are full of very small bones,
+when cooked the roe is wholesome.</p>
+
+<p>They haunt the deepest pools and rivers
+under shaded banks overhung with trees, the
+sides of weirs, and in ponds where a small
+spring runs in and out of them, with rather a
+rocky or gravelly bottom. Autumn is the best
+season for them, although I have caught them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>
+with the fly in the Thames in summer in good
+perfection, when fishing for trout. The way
+to angle for them would be to use a quill float,
+with a No. 8 hook, or larger, a gut line, and
+some shot about ten inches from the bait to
+sink the float, bait the hook with bread paste
+made red, and made tough in clean hands, put
+on a piece of it the size of a nut, throw in
+gently, and keep out of sight. Good cheese,
+well worked to make it tough, is also good.
+They will take gentles turned inside out on
+the hook one over the other, and when you
+have a bite strike rather quickly. They will
+also take grasshoppers, blue bottles, cadbait,
+and cockchafers; and with red or yellow flies,
+and black and brown palmers in the ordinary
+way of fishing for trout.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>GUDGEONS AND MINNOWS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>These are very beautiful little fish, and most
+wholesome food; they are the best bait for
+perch, jack, and large trout, that can be, as I
+mentioned before. The way to angle for them
+is to have a couple of very small hooks tied on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span>
+hair or fine gut, with a shot or two to carry the
+float off the bottom, say a small quill float, bait
+your hook with a very small red worm, or a
+piece of a brandling worm; they may be seen
+very numerous in the Thames, along the sides
+of streams, and in smooth running water with
+gravelly bottom; they afford nice amusement
+to the young angler, and when taken out of the
+water are remarkably handsome to look at.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>BAITS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>To scour worms:&mdash;put them in clean damp
+moss, changing it in two or three days, place
+them between two layers of it, and choose those
+that are free from knots. The lob worms are
+found in gardens; brandlings and red worms
+are scoured with the lob worm in the same pot
+covered at top; those found in old tan yards
+are the best, and may be used without scouring.
+When you use the worms, dip them in cream,
+which will refresh their colour.</p>
+
+<p>The cadis worm or cad bait is excellent for
+trout fishing, placed on the hook double, and
+cast gently with the wind into the stream, or<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span>
+dropped into the water beneath bushes that
+grow on the banks of pools where large fish
+lie, and are the most likely places. In rivers
+clearing off after floods in the summer they
+do well, and are also good for perch in deep
+running water. These cad worms produce
+many of the flies for the season after remaining
+during the cold weather at the bottom
+rolling about, and when the spring and summer
+appear they change into these beautiful
+insects; before the change takes place, during
+the winter, they form themselves a cover to
+protect them from the inroads of their enemies.
+Their instinct<a name="FNanchor_H_8" id="FNanchor_H_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_8" class="fnanchor">[H]</a> prompts them to incase themselves
+like a snail in a piece of hollow reed,
+open at each end, and covered with small gravel
+and little shells, which they attach with a kind
+of glutinous substance to resist the force of
+the water; they creep on the bottom with six
+legs, and having their little house on their
+backs draw into it at pleasure, and settle
+amongst the stones like a piece of rotten
+branch or stick. The Trout and other fish
+feed upon them in the winter, when the winged
+insects are nowhere to be seen.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"><a name="Plate_22" id="Plate_22"></a>
+<a href="images/i_292-big.png"><img src="images/i_292.png" width="350" height="600" alt="Paternoster and Barbel tackle" title="" /></a>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Showery windy days are generally best for
+fly fishing, blowing from the south, south-west,
+west, and north; there are but few fish take in
+east winds. When the wind blows warm in
+the beginning of the season it is good for bait
+fishing, and in autumn mild days are best. In
+days when there is no likelihood of constant
+rain after clear nights, and a nice grey cloud
+covers the sky, with a good cool breeze blowing
+to ripple the water, this is the time to rise the
+large trout, and which afford the best sport.</p>
+
+<div class='poem'>
+"Full nature swarms with one wondrous mass<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Of animals, or atoms organized,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Waiting the vital breath, when parent heaven</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Shall bid His spirit blow."</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 15.5em;"><span class="smcap">Thomson.</span></span><br />
+<br /><br /></div>
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_H_8" id="Footnote_H_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_8"><span class="label">[H]</span></a> Given them by the Great Author of nature.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE ART OF
+
+DYEING FISHING COLOURS,</h2>
+
+<div class='center'><span class='small'>WHICH ARE</span><br />
+
+PIG'S HAIR, MOHAIR, FUR, &amp; HACKLES,<br />
+COMMONLY CALLED DUBBING.</div>
+
+
+<p>The great advantage the fly fisher must derive
+from a knowledge of dyeing his colours
+and hackles is obvious. It affords amusement
+to the enthusiastic fisher to be acquainted with
+the various shades required for making his flies
+to suit the rivers, and the flies become valuable
+when made of good colours and hackles.
+Every hackle and colour that is used for
+making a salmon fly must be of the richest
+dye imaginable, that they may show brilliant
+and good to the fish's eye at the bottom of
+the water, and entice them to rise and take it
+at the top. The hackles must be taken from
+old cocks, both the neck and saddle ones, as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>
+they hold the dye best. Wool is not good for
+the fly, as it soaks the water, and is dull and
+heavy. Pig hair, that next the skin, with the
+stiff and coarse bristles picked and cleared
+away, and mohair, which is Spanish goat hair,
+a most beautiful brilliant substance for fly
+making when dyed well; white seal's fur, and
+furs of different kinds of a white colour. White
+hackles are best for yellows, oranges, gold
+colours, blues, greens, &amp;c.; red hackles do best
+to dye claret, red, or fiery browns, olives, and
+cinnamon browns, &amp;c., and black hackles for
+sooty olives, and tawny colours. When the
+angler sees a white old cock he should buy
+him to procure his hackles, or a black cock, a
+grey cock, and old red cocks of every hue, all
+of which are good for dyeing. These also
+must be washed in soap and hot water before
+being dyed, and the flue stripped off, tied in
+bunches (see the bunch of white hackles in the
+Plate of Feathers, ready for the dye) of proper
+sizes, and when about to be put into the dye-pot,
+wet them and the hair in hot water.</p>
+
+<p>Provide a small crucible or earthen pot,
+glazed inside, with an earthen handle, to hold
+a quart of soft water, and before you put in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span>
+your hackles or hair, wash them well, as I
+said before, in soap and hot water. The five
+principal colours to work upon are blue, red,
+yellow, brown, and black. From the combination
+of two or more of these may be produced
+every shade required, from the lightest to the
+darkest, so that it only requires some practice,
+to know the different ingredients to use, to
+become a Dyer of Fishing Colours.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE YELLOW.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I will begin with yellow, the most useful
+colour in general for the gentle craft. Put
+your crucible on a slow fire nearly full of water,
+or say half full, for the first trial. Take a
+tea cup, and into it put a table-spoonful
+of the best turmeric, pour over it some warm
+water, and stir it well with a clean piece of fire
+wood; when the water begins to simmer in
+the pot, put in the ingredient out of the cup,
+and stir it well with a piece of stick; have a
+second crucible, about half full of soft water,
+and boil it, into this put two table-spoonfuls
+of ground alum and one tea-spoonful of crystal<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span>
+of tartar, while these are boiling and perfectly
+dissolved, put into it your hackles or hair,
+and boil gently for an hour or half an hour;
+take off your pots and enter the hackles into
+the yellow dye out of the liquor into which
+you put the alum and tartar, and boil them
+very slowly for an hour, taking them out at
+intervals to see the shade you require; if too
+pale you must put more turmeric in, and if too
+heavy in shade the next trial, put in less, and
+do the same with all colours till you please
+your own eye. When they are the proper
+colour, take them out and wash them in soap
+and hot water. Draw them evenly through
+your fingers in the bunch, and let them dry, as
+this keeps them in shape.</p>
+
+<p>There are three or four ways to dye yellow by
+changing the stuff. Fill your pots nearly full
+of soft water, and put into one the tartar and
+alum, and into the other two or three handfuls
+of yellow wood, which must be boiled slowly
+for three or four hours; when it is well boiled,
+strain off the liquor from the wood into a basin,
+and throw the wood away; put the dyeing
+liquor into the pot again, and when boiling
+take out the hackles from the mordant of tartar<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span>
+and alum and put them into the yellow dye,
+let them boil gently for some time till the
+yellow colour has entered the hackles or hair,
+then take them out and wash them in soap
+and water, straighten them between the fingers,
+and let them dry; take them in the right hand
+and strike them on the fore-finger of the left
+till they are quite dry.</p>
+
+<p>By boiling two handfuls of fustic and a table-spoonful
+of turmeric together, and repeating
+the above process, there will be produced a
+golden yellow, which is very good for fly
+making. There must not be too much alum
+used, neither must the ingredients be boiled
+too long. Persian berries, bruised and boiled
+slowly, with a spoonful of turmeric, produces
+a good yellow; and an ingredient called weld,
+boiled as before, and adding the alum, is a
+good dye for yellow,&mdash;indeed, the weld is the
+best dye, if care is taken with it.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE BROWN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Put into your dye pot about two handfuls of
+walnut rinds, or as much as it will hold nicely
+to boil; simmer this slowly over the fire for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span>
+three or four hours, and add a little water to it
+as it boils away. When all the juice of the
+dye is taken out of the rinds, strain the liquor
+off, put it into the basin, and throw away the
+rinds; you take two handfuls more and boil
+them in the same way, and add the stuff
+together in the pot; the rinds being thrown
+away, put your hackles, &amp;c., previously washed,
+into the dye, and simmer them on the fire for
+four or five hours, till you have the proper
+colour struck on the hackles. The alum and
+tartar need not be added to this dye.</p>
+
+<p>Take out the feathers and wash them well;
+the walnut roots cut small, dye in the same way.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE A YELLOW BROWN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Saunders' Wood, brought from the
+Indies, and sold in powder or ground mixed
+with sumach is good, it takes long to boil,
+adding the alum.</p>
+
+<p>A Cinnamon Brown or Fiery Brown may be
+struck on the hackles or colours (pig hair or
+mohair) by first dyeing them yellow, the same
+as explained in the yellow dye; put the hackles,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span>
+previously dyed yellow, into the liquor of walnut
+rinds, and simmer them over the fire slowly
+for three or four hours, and leave them in all
+night, if a dark fiery brown is required; the
+less of the rinds produce cinnamon or yellow
+brown, the roots and rinds of the walnut are
+the best for the various shades; the rind of the
+alder dyed with alum and tartar is also good.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE BLUE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Fill your crucible three parts full of soft
+water, and put it on a slow fire, at the same
+time put in your blue ingredients, previously
+prepared, (this is done by dissolving the
+powdered blue in oil of vitriol and water in
+a stopper bottle for twenty-four hours). If
+there is a very light shade of blue required,
+put in a couple of table-spoonfuls of the
+blue ingredient, and add to it as the shade
+may be varied at will according to the quantity
+of the stuff; boil the hackles in tartar and
+alum, say a table-spoonful of each, or rather
+less of the tartar, simmer it on the fire for
+two or three hours according to the process
+mentioned before; and when the proper colour<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span>
+is produced take out the hackles, hair, or fur,
+and wash them well in soap and hot water.</p>
+
+<p>There is a paste blue prepared at the dry-salters
+all ready for the dye pot, take a table-spoonful
+of it and stir it well up in your pot
+nearly full of soft water, and boil it gently for
+about an hour (or less), then put in your hackles
+or hair, previously washed and wet going in,
+boil for two hours very slowly and wash off the
+dye; any shade of blue may be had in a very
+short time by this process; there are two or
+three dry-salters in Long Acre where this paste
+blue is sold, and any of the other ingredients
+may be purchased at their shops, or at chymists.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE RED.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Prepare your dye pot by nearly filling it
+with soft water; and keep it at a scalding heat
+when the dye stuff is put in, as it must not boil,
+if it is allowed to boil it becomes dull in colour;
+put into the dye pot a handful of finest grape
+madder, and simmer it slowly over the fire, stir
+well, and prepare the hackles or hair in the
+alum and red tartar liquor; after having boiled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span>
+an hour slowly, take out a bunch and look at
+them between your eyes and the sun or light
+to see how they take the dye, if too pale there
+must be more madder added, and allow them
+to remain in the dye all night, simmer them
+slowly, next day take them out, rinse and wash
+them well, and allow them to dry in the air; mix
+a table-spoonful of cochineal with the madder.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE ORANGE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>When orange is desired take a handful of
+best madder and mix it with a spoonful of
+cochineal, boil it for an hour or two, add too a
+little ground red wood which requires more
+boiling than the madder itself; dye your
+hackles or stuff yellow first, and dip them into
+the red dye a short time, take them out and
+look at the shade you have; if too light allow
+them to remain in longer, and you will have
+darker shades of colour, put a little red tartar
+and ground alum into the dye to assist the red
+wood to strike on the materials, take them out
+and wash them in soap and hot water, and
+afterwards rinse them in urine which gives a
+lustre and softness to the stuff.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>TO DYE PURPLE OR VIOLET.</h2>
+
+
+<p>First dye the hackles or stuffs blue, and
+lay them to dry; then, fill the dye-pot more
+than half with soft water, and in the other pot
+prepare the tartar and alum, dip your hackles
+into this for a little while, and lay them on the
+table till you prepare the red dye; bruise a
+couple of table-spoonfuls of cochineal, and put
+them into the pot of hot soft water, boil for an
+hour, and put in the blue hackles, and allow
+them to simmer over the fire very slowly to keep
+them from burning; when you have the proper
+shade, take them out and wash them well.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE CRIMSON.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil your hackles or hair in a tea-spoonful of
+alum, and nearly as much pure tartar, for an
+hour; bruise two table-spoonfuls of cochineal,
+and boil them in your clean water; take out
+the hackles from the alum-water, and put them
+into the cochineal liquor, and boil for two or
+three hours slowly or less, according to the
+shade you require; then take out the feathers
+and wash them well, and you will have the
+color desired.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span></p>
+<h2>TO DYE SCARLET.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil your hackles, &amp;c., in a little crystal of
+tartar; procure two table-spoonfuls of cochineal,
+bruise them a little, and boil them gently over
+the fire for an hour or two; take the hackles
+you have just boiled in the tartar, and put them
+into the dye-pot, and simmer them slowly for
+some time, say half an hour; then take your
+"spirits of grain,"<a name="FNanchor_I_9" id="FNanchor_I_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_I_9" class="fnanchor">[I]</a> and put into the dye-pot a
+tea-spoonful or a little more; take them out
+occasionally, and look at them between your
+eyes and the light, and when the right shade
+is obtained, rinse them and dry.</p>
+
+<p>If you are in a hurry for scarlet, you may
+drop the particles of block-tin into aqua-fortis
+till they are dissolved, and add a little to the
+scarlet dye; the other is best, as it gives a more
+brilliant shade;&mdash;boil slow.</p>
+
+<p>If the extract of bismuth is added to the
+red liquor of the cochineal in a small quantity,
+it will change it to a purple or violet colour.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span></p>
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_I_9" id="Footnote_I_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_I_9"><span class="label">[I]</span></a> Spirits of grain for scarlet,&mdash;a quarter pint of spirits
+of nitre, a quarter of an ounce of ammoniac, add half
+water in a bottle, and drop into it half an ounce of
+block-tin in grains till dissolved.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CRIMSON RED IN GRAIN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil your hackles or hair in a quarter of an
+ounce of alum, and the same quantity of pure
+tartar, an hour gently; wash them out of this,
+fill your dye-pot with clean water, or as much
+as will conveniently boil; put in an ounce of
+well-powdered dye stuff they call "grain," with
+one drachm of red arsenic, and one spoonful
+of burnt wine lees, this gives a lustre; wash
+and rinse well after boiling a short time, and
+the colour is good.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE GREEN DRAKE, FEATHERS<br />
+AND FUR.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil your hackles, mohair, or fur, in alum
+and tartar, a quarter of an ounce of each; rinse
+them well, and put them into the dye-pot, with
+an ounce of savory, and as much green-wood
+as the pot will contain; (it is best to boil off
+the savory and green-wood first, throw away the
+wood, and boil the feathers in the liquor;) boil
+gently, and look at the feathers occasionally to
+see if they are the right shade, these give the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span>
+natural shades of yellow green. The quantity
+of tartar and alum, and of dye-stuff is given in
+this dye; and the preceding which will show
+what must be used in all shades of colour,
+according to the quality or your own taste.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE CLARET.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil two handfuls of red-wood, or ground
+Brazil-wood, for an hour, with a handful of
+log-wood; then take a table-spoonful of oil of
+vitriol, and put it into half a tea cup of cold
+water; and when the dye-pot is a little cold,
+add it to the liquor, stir it, and put it on with
+the hackles or hair, and boil it gently for two
+hours; take out your material, and put it into
+cold water; add to the dye it comes out of a
+little copperas, and a small quantity of pearlashes,
+about the size of a nut of copperas, and
+a quarter that size of the ashes; put in your
+hackles or material again, and when the
+proper shade is obtained, rinse and wash well,
+and finish in urine, which brightens them, and
+your colour is good.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>ANOTHER WAY TO DYE CLARET.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Take a handful of nut galls and bruise them,
+put them into the crucible and boil them half
+an hour, add to the dye a table-spoonful of oil
+of vitriol in half a cup of water, put in the
+hackles and boil two hours; then add to the
+liquor a little pearl ashes, and a piece of
+copperas the size of a nut, boil gently for two
+hours or as long as required to suit the taste
+of the dyer, rinse and wash them well, the
+ashes need not be used in this dye, but if
+used a very small quantity will suffice.</p>
+
+<p>Another way:&mdash;boil red wood powdered for
+two hours (two handfuls), and then put the
+hackles in, boil an hour longer, let the liquor
+cool, and put into a tea cup half full of water
+nearly a table-spoonful of aqua-fortis and pour
+it into the dye, stir well occasionally and keep
+the hackles down, boil for two hours more and
+rinse off, finish in a little urine. If a very
+dark claret is required lay them in to boil for a
+day and night with a scalding heat.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>TO DYE BLACK.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil two good handfuls of log-wood with a
+little sumach and elder bark for an hour, put in
+the stuff or hackles (boil very gently), bruise a
+piece of copperas about the size of two Spanish
+nuts, put it in with a little argil and soda;
+take out the hackles and hold them in the
+open air a little, then put them in again and
+leave them all night gently heated, wash the
+dye well out of them and your black will be
+fine. The argil and soda soften the dye stuff
+of the copperas, but a small quantity must be
+put in.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE GREENS OF VARIOUS<br />
+SHADES.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The greatest nicety of all is in finding the
+exact quantity of ingredients to put in, so as
+to prevent the dye stuff from injuring the
+fibres of the hackles, &amp;c.; for the light shades
+add the smallest quantity, and augment
+it by degrees. Dye the hackles a very light<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span>
+shade of blue first, in prepared indigo,<a name="FNanchor_J_10" id="FNanchor_J_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_J_10" class="fnanchor">[J]</a> as I
+said before, take a spoonful and put it into the
+dye pot and boil it softly for half an hour.
+Add a very small quantity of alum and tartar
+to the dye, put in your hackles, and boil for a
+short time; add to the dye a table-spoonful of
+the best turmeric, savoy, or green wood, a little
+of each would do best, boil slowly for an hour,
+take out the hackles, rinse them, and you will
+have a green: you may have any shade of
+green by dyeing the blues darker or lighter,
+and putting in more yellowing stuff and less
+blue when light yellow greens are required, boil
+gently, and look at the hackles often to see that
+they have taken the shade you want.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE LAVENDER OR SLATE DUN,<br />
+&amp;c. &amp;c.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil ground logwood with bruised nut galls
+and a small quantity of copperas, according to
+judgment: you may have a pigeon dun, lead
+colour, light, or dark dun. The ingredients<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span>
+must be used in small quantities, according to
+taste. You may have raven grey, or duns of
+various shades, by boiling with the logwood a
+small quantity of alum and copperas.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_J_10" id="Footnote_J_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_J_10"><span class="label">[J]</span></a> Half a tea cupful of water, and the same quantity
+of oil of vitriol, put into a bottle, the indigo to remain
+in twenty-four hours to dissolve.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>BLUES.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Dissolve some indigo in oil of vitriol for
+twenty-four hours, put a couple of spoonfuls
+in your pot, add a little crystal of tartar, put
+in your hackles and boil, or at least keep them
+at a scalding heat, or the vitriol will burn the
+feathers, furs, &amp;c., take them out, rinse them
+well, and the colour will be lasting.</p>
+
+<p>If to the above liquor some fustic chips, well
+boiled by themselves, and the juice added, you
+may then have any shade of the best green.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>A SILVER GREY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil some fenugreek and a little alum half an
+hour, put in the white hackles, &amp;c., and add
+a little pearlash and Brazil-wood, boil them
+gently an hour, rinse them, and your colour
+will be lasting.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>A COFFEE OR CHESNUT.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Boil the hackles, &amp;c., that have been previously
+dyed brown, in some nut gall, sumach,
+and alder bark, then add a small quantity of
+green copperas to the liquor, allow it to remain
+a day and a night in water that you can bear
+the hand in, and all the stuff will enter the
+materials.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TO DYE OLIVES AND A MIXTURE<br />
+OF COLOURS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Olives are dyed from blue, red, and brown,
+of every shade, according to fancy.</p>
+
+<p>From yellow, blue, and brown, are made
+olives of all kinds.</p>
+
+<p>From brown, blue, and black, brown and
+green olives are made.</p>
+
+<p>From red, yellow, and brown, are produced
+orange, gold colour, marigold, cinnamon, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>See Haigh's Dyer's Assistant of Woollen
+Goods, for larger quantities.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>A CONCISE WAY OF DYEING<br />
+COLOURS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I will now add the way to dye the colours,
+for pighair, mohair, hackles, &amp;c., in a concise
+and summary manner, to avoid giving trouble
+in too many words, and the quantities of ingredients
+I have given before, which would be
+superfluous to mention over so often, and which
+the dyer must know by this time. The great
+art is in knowing the quantities that each dye
+requires to obtain the exact colour, and this
+may be known by a close observation to the
+rules I have given.</p>
+
+<p>Fustic and alum water will dye yellow, the
+hackles dipped three times in fresh stuff.
+Weld, turmeric, and fenugreek, will give a
+yellow, boiled in alum water, and the hackles
+dipped often, till they are the proper colour.</p>
+
+<p>These may be dyed without tartar at pleasure.</p>
+
+<p>Brazil-wood, boiled till you have a strong
+decoction, strain off the juice, then add alum
+water, boil the hackles in it slowly for a day
+or two, and it will produce good reds. If the
+colour of the Brazil-wood be very strong, there<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span>
+may be reds obtained in an hour's boiling.
+This is a wood which is of a hard nature, and
+it is difficult to extract the colour from it,
+although a good dye.</p>
+
+<p>A claret may be produced from Brazil-wood
+mixed with red archil, and boiled in the usual
+manner, dipped in potash liquor, or brilla will
+act in the same way to strike the colour; use
+hard water.</p>
+
+<p>A fiery brown may be made from fustic and
+turmeric boiled together with alum and a little
+crystal of tartar, (soft water for this dye), and
+then dip in liquor of potash.</p>
+
+<p>A cinnamon brown may be made with a little
+madder, or stone crottle, boiled with alum and
+tartar, with a little turmeric to finish it.</p>
+
+<p>A good blue may be had by boiling the
+hackles with alum water, and add a spoonful
+of the liquid blue; this is done by putting
+some oil of vitriol into a bottle with a little
+water, and then the indigo, powdered, which
+will dissolve in twenty-four hours, and be ready
+for use. (I have mentioned this twice before,
+as I am very particular.)</p>
+
+<p>For a purple, dye blue first, then add the
+red dye, and dip it in potash; when the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span>
+hackles, &amp;c., are left long in the red, it is more
+of a wine purple.</p>
+
+<p>To have a good green, dye blue first, then
+boil in turmeric and fustic bark, with alum
+and tartar, as usual. You may have any shade
+of green by noticing the process in the dye pot.</p>
+
+<p>To dye an orange, first make it a turkey red
+with Brazil-wood and alum water, then finish
+with turmeric and fustic till the colour pleases
+you.</p>
+
+<p>To dye a golden olive, boil sumach and
+turmeric with alum water, add a little potash
+and copperas, and finish with new turmeric and
+a little potash.</p>
+
+<p>Green olive may be made with a little more
+copperas and verdigris.</p>
+
+<p>Sooty olive is made by adding to the first a
+little alder or oak bark, and finishing with
+turmeric and alum water.</p>
+
+<p>An amber may be made with red, and finished
+with yellow dye; the first with stone crottle or
+madder, and finish with turmeric bark; the
+yellow with alum water. All fishing colours
+should be dyed yellow first with alum and
+crystal of tartar, but claret.</p>
+
+<p>Claret may be made from Brazil-wood, barked<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>
+first in alum water, adding new Brazil three or
+four times fresh to the liquor, and simmer
+slowly for a day or two.</p>
+
+<p>A fiery brown may be made from lima or peth-wood,
+barked with turmeric and alum water.</p>
+
+<p>A golden yellow may be had from citrine
+bark, boiled in new stuff three times slowly,
+bark with alum, and dip in potash or brilla.</p>
+
+<p>All blues may be dipped in potash, to sadden
+the colour.</p>
+
+<p>A crottle or red orange, boil madder and
+stone crottle together, and bark with alum
+water; the madder will do if the crottle cannot
+be had. The crottle grows on stones in rocky
+places, like red moss.</p>
+
+<p>An orange may be had by dyeing yellow in
+strong liquid three times fresh; bark with
+alum, and dip in potash.</p>
+
+<p>A Green Drake may be made by dyeing a
+good yellow first, and adding a few drops of
+the blue decoction from the bottle of prepared
+blue dye, this comes to the green drake colour;
+add a little copperas to make a green dark or
+light, as you please.</p>
+
+<p>A golden olive may be made by dyeing brown
+red hackles in fustic and a little copperas, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span>
+dipped in potashes, finished in turmeric and
+alum; you will have a sooty olive by adding
+but very little of the turmeric root.</p>
+
+<p>A sooty olive may be made by dyeing black
+hackles in yellow first with alum water, add
+fresh yellow stuff three times to the dye pot,
+and dip them in potashes.</p>
+
+<p>A wine purple may be made from light dyed
+blue hackles, put them in the red dye of
+madder, Brazil, or cochineal, and dip them
+twice in potashes.</p>
+
+<p>Liver-coloured hackles may be had from
+brown red hackles, barked with alum, and
+boiled in Brazil-wood juice, dipped in liquor of
+potash.</p>
+
+<p>A bright olive may be made from fustic and
+oak bark, adding a little turmeric and alum
+water.</p>
+
+<p>A fiery cinnamon may be had from yellow
+dye, Brazil juice, and madder mixed, boil these
+well, and add a little turmeric with alum.</p>
+
+<p>A golden crottle may be made from stone
+crottle and yellow dyes with turmeric and alum
+water. The stone crottle is best for all golden
+colours, but as it may not be easily got at, use
+madder instead; golden orange may be had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span>
+from the above, adding a little potashes, and
+boil very slowly.</p>
+
+<p>A pea green may be had by dyeing yellow
+first, and add a few drops out of the blue dye
+bottle, till it comes to the shade, it may be
+darkened to a leek or bottle green.</p>
+
+<p>A stone blue,&mdash;bark the hackle with alum,
+and add to the alum water as much of the prepared
+dye out of the bottle as will make it
+dark enough, this may be easily seen from the
+appearance of the liquor in the dye pot.</p>
+
+<p>A Prussian blue is done in the same way, keeping
+out the indigo, and adding the Prussian blue.</p>
+
+<p>Dip a red into potashes and you have a light
+wine purple; blue and red dye is best.</p>
+
+<p>Dip a good yellow in potashes, well boiled
+and stir, and you will have an orange. A little
+tartar is good for all colours but black.</p>
+
+<p>Sumach, logwood, iron liquor, and copperas,
+will form a black. Boil a small quantity of
+copperas with logwood, and it will dye gut
+properly.</p>
+
+<p>A tawny cinnamon may be dyed from stone
+crottle or madder, mixed with turmeric, alum,
+and a little tartar, these must be gently boiled
+in fresh stuff, adding a little copperas.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE MATERIALS NECESSARY FOR<br />
+ARTIFICIAL FLY MAKING.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The necessary articles used for fly making
+in general are as follows: Those feathers that
+are of a most gaudy hue are best for the wings
+of salmon flies, which are golden pheasant
+feathers, cock of the rock, the crest of the
+Hymalaya pheasant, the blue and yellow macaw,
+the scarlet macaw, red macaw, green parrot's
+feathers, particularly the Amazon parrot
+tail, the scarlet Ibis, blue king fishers, and
+chattern, the splendid Trogan, the Argus pheasant,
+the bustard, red parrot, and the Bird of
+Paradise; the wood-duck feathers (try the cock
+of the north feathers, black hackle, white body,
+and gold); the jungle cock; the spotted turkey,
+brown, light, and dark feathers; brown mallard,
+or wild drake; teal feathers; heron feather,
+black and blue; glede or kite tail feathers;
+grey mallard, widgeon, and shovel duck; various
+dyed and natural cock hackles; grouse<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span>
+hackles; guinea hen hackles, the rump and
+back feathers; silver pheasant, cock and hen
+bird tail, wings, and body feathers; yellow
+toucan feathers; blue jay feathers, and the
+wings of the jay for trout flies; peacock feathers,
+off wings, tail, and body; black ostrich feathers,
+and the white ostrich for dyeing all colours for
+the heads of flies, &amp;c., with floss silk of every
+shade; gold and silver twist, and plate of
+different sizes; pighair, mohair, furs, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>The materials for small trout flies are, mohair,
+furs of every colour, water rat, fitch,
+squirrel, mole's fur, hare's ears and neck furs,
+mouse and common rat fur, martin's fur, sable
+fur, black spaniel's hair off the ear, black bear's
+hair for tailing the drake, and all white furs
+dyed of various shades, such as yellow, yellow-green,
+gold, orange, cinnamon, light duns, &amp;c.;
+starling wings, grouse feathers, snipe wings,
+woodcock wings, thrush and blackbird's wings,
+fieldfare wings, wren tails, tomtit tails, bunton
+lark wing, skylark wings, sparrow wings, landrail
+wings, water-hen wings, water-rail wings,
+partridge tails and hackle feathers, brown hen
+wings, tail, and body feathers, dun hen wings,
+&amp;c.; dun cock hackles, dun hen hackles, dottril<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span>
+wings and hackles, and all dun, brown, and
+grey feathers that can be found on every bird
+that flies are useful for imitating the natural
+insects; tying silks of every shade, yellow and
+orange being the favorites; hooks of sizes, and
+silk-worm gut.</p>
+
+<p>And now to wind up the line. I humbly beg
+to say that if I have deceived the friends of
+the rod in anything, they have a right to be
+indifferent with my profession of friendship,
+and ought to retain a sensibility of my misfortune;
+my conscience is clear it is not so, for
+I know that I would deceive myself were I to
+think that I could do without my admirable
+friends of the angle&mdash;without me they could
+do&mdash;but I value their worth, as in hope I rest,
+although they say "hope told a flattering tale."
+I am not deceived by flattery, be it far from us;
+I dislike deceit. I have hid nothing; I have
+done my endeavours in this book to show the
+youths of the angle, as well as the great fly
+fishers, all I know about the matter so far, and
+as the Chinamen say, that "time and industry
+convert a mulberry leaf into a silk shawl,"
+so perseverance will be the means of the fly
+maker's success, if he allows himself an opportunity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span>
+of accomplishing that which he requires
+to know and to perform, and at the same time
+neglect not to prepare for the "coming struggle,"
+it will be his own fault if he does not
+become a skilful angler, &amp;c. I will therefore
+consider myself highly honoured if the young
+gentlemen of England, Ireland, Scotland, and
+Wales, appreciate my labour, and to be enabled,
+by the natural genius they possess, descending
+from Him who visited us through the "Orient"
+from on high to enlighten our understandings
+in every good, to find out the information they
+desire in the perusal of these pages.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>FINIS.</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class='tnote'><h3>Transcriber's Notes:</h3>
+
+<p>Book uses both pearl-ash and pearl ash; salmon-fly and salmon fly. Varied hyphenation was retained. Text also
+uses archaic spelling, "scissars".</p>
+
+<p>Inexplicably, the pagination of this text's front matter runs i-xi, then begins again at
+v for the list of plates and reviews. No pages are missing however. This was retained.</p>
+<p>Obvious punctuation errors repaired.</p>
+
+<p>The remaining corrections made are indicated by dotted lines under the corrections. Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'apprear'">appear</ins>.</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c., by 
+William Blacker
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c., by William Blacker
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c.
+       Comprising Angling, & Dyeing of Colours, with Engravings
+       of Salmon & Trout Flies
+
+Author: William Blacker
+
+Release Date: April 2, 2011 [EBook #35752]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLACKER'S ART OF FLY MAKING, &C. ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Emmy and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+          ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL.
+
+          LONDON:
+          PRINTED BY GEO. NICHOLS, EARL'S COURT,
+          LEICESTER SQUARE.
+
+[Illustration: FLY FISHING]
+
+
+
+
+PATRONISED BY H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+BLACKER'S, ART OF FLY MAKING, &c.,
+
+          COMPRISING ANGLING,
+          & DYEING OF COLOURS,
+
+          WITH ENGRAVINGS
+          OF SALMON & TROUT FLIES
+          SHEWING THE PROCESS
+          OF THE GENTLE CRAFT
+          AS TAUGHT IN
+          THE PAGES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+          WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
+          FLIES FOR THE SEASON
+          OF THE YEAR
+          AS THEY COME OUT
+          ON THE WATER.
+
+          REWRITTEN & REVISED
+          BY THE AUTHOR
+          BLACKER, HIMSELF,
+          FISHING TACKLE MAKER
+          OF 54, DEAN ST, SOHO,
+          LONDON.
+
+          1855.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                               Page.
+  Preface                                                          v
+  The Art of Fly Making                                            1
+  An Easy Method to make the Trout Fly                             3
+  An Easy Method of making a Plain Salmon Fly                      8
+  To make the Trout Fly, in the best and most approved method     13
+  To make the Palmer, or Double-Hackle Fly                        20
+  How to make the Salmon Fly, as shown in the Beautiful Plate
+        of Engravings on Salmon Hooks                             23
+  Process of making the Gaudy Salmon Fly                          30
+  To make the Winged Larva                                        42
+  A Catechism of Fly-Making                                       46
+  The Trout Flies for the Season                                  55
+  Flies for March                                                 57
+  Flies for April                                                 60
+  Flies for May                                                   64
+  Flies for June                                                  69
+  Flies for July                                                  72
+  Flies for August                                                76
+  Fishing Rods and Fly Fishing                                    80
+  Fly Fishing for Salmon                                          88
+  An Account of the Salmon, and its Varieties                     96
+  The Salmon Fry                                                 100
+  A Description of the Fifteen Salmon Flies Engraved in the
+        Plates                                                   104
+  Spring Flies                                                   117
+  Salmon Rivers                                                  120
+  The River Tweed                                                121
+  The River Shannon                                              123
+  The Lakes of Clare                                             124
+  The Lakes of Killarney                                         126
+  Lough Curran, Waterville                                       133
+  Connamara and Ballynahinch                                     138
+  Ballyna                                                        142
+  Ballyshannon                                                   145
+  The Rivers Bush and Bann                                       149
+  The River Bann                                                 156
+  Lakes of Westmeath                                             163
+  The River Lee, at Cork                                         169
+  Salmon Rivers in Scotland                                      170
+  The River Tay                                                  171
+  The Dee and Don                                                176
+  The River Spey                                                 177
+  The Findhorn                                                   179
+  Rivers and Lakes adjacent to Fort William, on the
+      Caledonian Canal                                           180
+  Salmon Flies for Fort William, &c.                             186
+  Salmon Flies for the Ness                                      187
+  The River Shin                                                 189
+  The River Thurso                                               191
+  The River Esk                                                  194
+  Loch Leven                                                     195
+  The River Allan                                                196
+  Loch Awe and River                                             200
+  The Rivers Irvine, Girvan, and Stincher, in Ayrshire           203
+  Rivers of Wales.--The Conway                                   205
+  The River Dovey                                                205
+  The River Tivey                                                206
+  The Wye, Monmouth                                              207
+  The River Severn                                               208
+  The Trent                                                      209
+  Rivers of York and Derby                                       210
+  The Hodder                                                     211
+  Rivers of Derby                                                211
+  The Rivers Wandle and Coln                                     212
+  Bait Fishing.--The River Thames                                216
+  Perch                                                          218
+  Barbel                                                         219
+  Pike                                                           221
+  Roach                                                          224
+  Dace                                                           226
+  Carp                                                           226
+  Chub                                                           227
+  Gudgeons and Minnows                                           228
+  Baits                                                          229
+  The Art of Dyeing Fishing Colours                              232
+  To Dye Yellow                                                  234
+  To Dye Brown                                                   236
+  To Dye a Yellow-Brown                                          237
+  To Dye Blue                                                    238
+  To Dye Red                                                     239
+  To Dye Orange                                                  240
+  To Dye Purple or Violet                                        241
+  To Dye Crimson                                                 241
+  To Dye Scarlet.                                                242
+  Crimson Red in Grain                                           243
+  To Dye Green Drake Feathers and Fur                            243
+  To Dye Claret                                                  244
+  Another way to Dye Claret                                      245
+  To Dye Black                                                   246
+  To Dye Greens of various Shades                                246
+  To Dye Lavender or Slate Dun, &c.                              247
+  Blues                                                          248
+  A Silver Grey                                                  248
+  A Coffee or Chesnut                                            249
+  To Dye Olives and a Mixture of Colours                         249
+  A Concise way of Dyeing Colours                                250
+  The Materials necessary for Artificial Fly Making              256
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+I know not how to apologise for submitting a Second Edition of this
+little Book to the notice of the Angling few, after the appearance of so
+many by clever writers, except the many calls I had for it, and a
+sincere desire of improving farther upon a craft that has not hitherto
+been clearly promulgated by a real practitioner; consequently my great
+object is to benefit and amuse my readers, by giving them something
+practical, which at the present time may be particularly wanted by those
+who love to make their own flies, whose wants, without doubt, will be
+found sufficiently supplied in this book; the tyro will appreciate it
+as valuable to him, and the senior angler who may, perchance, be in
+possession of it, and who may be singularly fond of making his flies,
+and amusing himself dyeing the hackles and colours, &c., will, I am
+persuaded, consider it a treasure.
+
+My endeavours have been unceasing for many years past, in striving to
+please the great Salmon Fishers and Trout Fishers of this Country, and I
+must confess that my labours have not been in vain; they have generously
+conferred upon me their very kind patronage and good will, benefits for
+which I hold them in very great estimation. Under these circumstances, I
+have taken much pains to write the book in a befitting manner to suit
+their tastes and purposes, although my inability in many instances has
+been an obstacle, nevertheless with all my faults I claim the title of
+Fisherman, an humble and unimportuned name which no reasonable
+dispensation can deprive me of.
+
+From my boyhood, I took great delight in ranging along the banks of the
+beautiful and romantic streams of my native land, Ireland; and having
+also been for many years a skilful Fly Fisher of no little commendation,
+in both Great Britain and Hibernia, it is my desire to impart to the
+world, plainly and easily, the knowledge I have acquired, that all those
+who wish to become masters of the art, may, by patience and practice,
+and a close adherence to the instructions I shall lay down, derive the
+fullest benefit from my experience.
+
+I have endeavoured in the following treatise on Fly-making, to divest
+the subject, as far as possible, of all technicalities and
+superfluities; at the same time, I have entered into such full details
+in the construction of the Fly, that by adopting the process I have
+pointed out, and following the instructions I have given, the aspirants
+to the art of Fly-making may speedily become proficients.
+
+In this little book there will be found nothing imaginary, but it is
+purely written from the practice of angling, so that I may without
+scruple, justly entitle it THE ART OF FLY-MAKING, ANGLING, AND DYEING
+OF COLOURS. It is also interspersed with many useful remarks that will
+no doubt agreeably entertain my readers.
+
+No man has taken such pains to improve upon the angler's craft as I; on
+every article in the whole range of fishing tackle I have made some
+improvement on rods, flies, lines, reels, and tackle of every sort; and
+in these pages have left a lasting memorial of my handicraft to the
+fly-fisher, from whom I have hidden nothing that might retard him in his
+progress, and who will appreciate it for the great deal of matter
+propounded in little compass to prevent incumbrance; that the lovers of
+fly fishing, which has superior claims, may have an opportunity of
+keeping it in their side pocket,--to be convenient and handy when on
+their piscatory excursions, the exercise and variety of which will be
+found advantageous to the health, and the calming of the mind--things
+not to be purchased; enjoying at the same time the harmonious notes of
+the warblers of the grove, and musing upon the diversity of the
+prospects around, while straying along the beautiful streams and vallies
+of this delightful country.
+
+The list of flies I have given, will be found very valuable, and the
+tyro will take great delight in imitating these flies necessary for use,
+and suiting the colours exactly to each, keeping to their symmetrical
+forms as they appear with his light materials. This beautiful branch of
+fly-making, peculiarly my own, cannot fail to perfect the angler who is
+scientific and ingenious, the result of which will be never-failing
+success.
+
+I have added to the art of fly-making full instructions, and the most
+approved receipts for dyeing mohair, pighair, feathers, and other
+materials most useful and appropriate for imitating the natural flies
+and stuffs the most killing for Trout and Salmon; and which will retain
+their brilliancy through all the vicissitudes to which they may be
+exposed.
+
+To bring the Engravings of the flies to the greatest perfection, I have
+stood at the elbow of the artist who executed this part of the work,
+that they might be turned out exact to my own models, which renders them
+and the descriptions more intelligible, as the shade in the fibre of
+each feather is shown in the plate, in the clearest and finest manner
+imaginable, that it may be properly seen how these artificial flies are
+constructed,--the resemblance of those beautiful ones, the productions
+of the Great Author of Nature, that Trout and Salmon do love to feed
+upon.
+
+I have also given the principal rivers of England, Ireland, Scotland,
+and Wales, with the flies best adapted to each, which will enable the
+fisher to have all things in readiness on his arrival at their
+localities, and sally out on the finny tribe fearless of disappointment;
+and for the younger branch of anglers, I have shown the various sorts of
+fish, with the tackle and baits best adapted to catch them.
+
+The catechism of fly making which I have introduced will be found very
+curious and instructive to the young beginner, and will afford him every
+opportunity of retaining the whole process, that when rehearsed in the
+mind, and perfectly understood, he may apply, with more certain
+facility, the hand to both material and hook.
+
+                                     PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR,
+                                                       WILLIAM BLACKER,
+
+   _At 54, Dean Street, Soho,
+        1855._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+List of Plates.
+
+
+  Plate                                                         Page
+   1. Blacker Fly-fishing                              Frontispiece.
+   2. Titlepage.
+   3. An easy method to make the Trout-fly              _opposite_ 3
+   4. An easy method of making a Salmon-fly                        8
+   5. The best method of making a Trout-fly                       13
+   6. To make the Palmer's                              _to face_ 20
+   7. How to make the Salmon-fly                                  23
+   8. Process of making the Gaudy Salmon-fly           _opposite_ 30
+   9. The plate of Feathers                             _to face_ 34
+  10. To make the Winged Larva                                    42
+  11. Plate of Six Flies Catechism                                46
+  12. Plate of 15 Trout-flies          _opposite flies for March_ 57
+  13. Plate of 16 Flies                                _opposite_ 65
+  14. Plate of Larvas and Green Drakes                 _opposite_ 78
+  15. Plate of Gaudy Flies, Nos. 1, 2, 3,             _opposite_ 105
+  16. Plate of three Salmon-flies, Nos. 4, 5, 6,      _opposite_ 108
+  17. Plate of four Flies, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10                      110
+  18. Large Spring Salmon-fly                                    116
+  19. Plate of 7 Flies and Salmon                      _to face_ 145
+  20. Plate of Minnow tackle, &c.                      _to face_ 216
+  21. Plate of Pike tackle, &c.                                  221
+  22. Paternoster and Barbel tackle                              230
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+      _An Extract of a Review of William Blacker's Art
+          of Fly Making, &c. &c. &c., taken from "Bell's
+          Life in London," April 8th, 1855._
+
+"THE ART OF FLY MAKING, ANGLING & DYEING OF COLOURS. BY W. BLACKER,--Mr.
+Blacker has been a celebrated trout and salmon angler from early
+boyhood, and he is known to be the best maker of trout and salmon flies
+alive. We have never seen such flies as his, for naturalness of shape,
+appropriateness of colour and for beauty and solidity of finish. In
+making flies he has "caught a grace beyond the reach of art," and this
+he exhibits in the _Sanspareil_ work before us. It contains no fewer
+than seventeen engravings on steel and copper, of trout and salmon
+flies, in every stage of fabrication, from the whipping of hook and gut
+together to the finishing of the head. These engravings, every plate
+crowded with figures, are executed after his own models and under his
+own _Surveillance_, and carefully and beautifully coloured, he standing,
+as he says, "by the artist's elbow." They contain coloured
+representations of hackles, wing-feathers, fur, silk, tinsel, in their
+natural state, and prepared for forming the artificial insect. His
+profusely illustrated instructions for making salmon-flies are entirely
+original there being nothing at all like them in any work extant, and he
+must be a dull scholar indeed, who shall not, after brief study of them,
+become his own salmon fly dresser. Mr. Blacker withholds no secret and
+spares no pains in developing by the aid of pen and pencil his own
+method, and we consider it the best, of making artificial flies for
+every variety of trout and salmon. He gives numerous, well-tried recipes
+for dying feathers and all other materials, the colours necessary for
+the successful operations of the fly-maker. He points out how rods are
+best made, the best sort of winches, lines and hooks, and proves himself
+a safe guide to the purchaser. He teaches how the rod, and line and
+flies, are to be used--the art of casting with them, how a river is to
+be fished, and how a fish, whether trout or salmon, is to be struck,
+hooked and landed. He describes the best trout and salmon rivers in the
+empire, the right season for fishing them, and gives an illustrated list
+of the flies, stating the materials of what they are to be made, that
+kill best on them. On flies, favourites of his from experience, he
+dwells with pleased and pleasing minuteness, and for the first time
+discloses how the "winged larva," a deadly invention of his own, is to
+be constructed. Never, was a book more honestly and conscientiously
+written. It glows with deep-felt enthusiasm for his art, and with a
+generous desire of revealing everything that pertains to the perfect
+acquisition of it in all its branches. It is a work of great labour and
+long pains-taking, unique at all points, and no one could have written
+it but a practical angler of long, passionate, and devoted experience in
+the capture of salmon and salmonidae, and of _ne plus ultra_ perfection
+in the art of making artificial flies, and concomitant fishing tackle.
+The work is published by himself, at 54, Dean Street, Soho, and we
+recommend it more earnestly than we have ever done any other work of the
+sort."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_An Extract from "Bell's Life," April 29th, 1855._
+
+"I shall copy a few of Mr. Blacker's patterns as given in his
+recently-published and very valuable work, entitled _Art of Fly Making,
+&c._ He is by far the best flymaker I have ever known, and his opinions
+on flies and fly-fishing deserve the attention of us all. In the book
+just named he says of the Yellow Sally:--"This is the forerunner of the
+green drake or May-fly. The trout take this little fly freely if made
+after this description:--
+
+          "Body, buff-coloured fur and a small yellow hackle
+          for legs round the head; wings of the
+          buff-coloured feather inside the wing of the
+          thrush. Hook, 13."
+
+          "Several ways of imitating the May-fly. First,
+          Blacker's, as given in his Art of Fly Making:--The
+          body of this beautiful fly is made of yellow green
+          mohair, the colour of a gosling newly hatched, and
+          ribbed with yellow-brown silk, a shade of light
+          brown mohair at the tail, and a tuft of the same
+          at the shoulder, picked out between the hackle,
+          the whisks of the tail three black hairs,
+          three-quarters of an inch long; the hackle to be
+          dyed a greenish buff (dye, according to my recipe,
+          a silver dun hackle with bars across it, called a
+          cuckoo,) or a light ginger hackle bordering on
+          yellow. The wings, which should be made full, and
+          to stand upright, are made of mallard's feathers
+          dyed of a greenish buff, or yellowish shade; a
+          brown head of peacock harl tied neatly above the
+          wings on a No. 6 hook. The wings may be made of
+          the tops of two large dyed mallard's feathers,
+          with fibres stripped off at the butts of the
+          stems, tied back to back. These feathers stand up
+          well and appear very naturally in the water.
+          Large-sized ones kill well in lakes, with bright
+          yellow mohair bodies ribbed with gold twist.
+
+          "Second way, from A Handbook of Angling.--Body,
+          bright yellow mohair, or floss silk, ribbed
+          sparingly with light bronze peacock harl; wings,
+          mottled feather of the mallard dyed a pale yellow
+          green. They are to stand nearly erect, and to be
+          slightly divided. Legs, a couple of turns of a
+          red-ginger hackle; tail, three hairs from the
+          rabbit's whisker. Hook, 5, 6, and 7.--Another way:
+          Body, yellow-brown mohair; wings, mallard's
+          feather dyed yellow, and black head; legs,
+          yellowish hackle; tail and hooks as before. During
+          the season of the May-fly, should the weather be
+          gloomy, with a strong warm wind, I would angle
+          with three flies on the casting-line of different
+          sizes, and of colours slightly differing, buff,
+          yellow, and yellow-green, and one of them made
+          buzz. The largest fly should be used as the
+          stretcher; the smallest the upper bob."
+
+_An Extract from "Bell's Life," April 1st, 1855 "The Ondine" in the Book
+of the Salmon, by "Ephemera,"_
+
+          "Gold tip; tail, small, brilliant topping, light
+          blue tag; body, blue peacock harl, closely ribbed
+          with fine gold twist; two joints of green trogan
+          feather, and one of red orange hackle under the
+          wings, and over their butts blue jay; wings, a
+          careful mixture of fibres of bustard, silver
+          pheasant, yellow and blue macaw teal, guinea-hen
+          and golden pheasant tail and neck-feathers,
+          surmounted by a topping; feelers, blue and yellow
+          macaw, and bright peacock harl, head. Hook, No. 7
+          and 8. This waterwitch, sculptured originally by
+          Blacker, is properly called "Ondine." The first
+          time I saw it I nearly lost my senses, and was
+          upon the point of becoming its victim.
+
+          "The May-fly and Phelim Rhu are best made by
+          Blacker, of Dean Street, Soho; Phelim is one of
+          his many good inventions. Dressed on the smallest
+          sized grilse hook, it will on dark days and
+          evenings, and in full water kill sea trout and
+          large common trout in every locality. See a
+          celebrated claret fly plate No. 4, page 108."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Prince Albert's Letter to the Author, enclosing_ L10.
+
+          Nearly eleven years have rolled by, since I sent a
+          copy of the first edition of this work to His
+          Royal Highness Prince Albert, who conferred upon
+          me much honor by a favourable reply to it, at that
+          time I took great pains to illustrate it with
+          specimens of the most costly and beautifully
+          executed salmon and trout flies imaginable, many
+          of which were worth a guinea a piece. In this new
+          edition for 1855 I have given numerous
+          copperplates of these excellent killing flies
+          superbly painted to suit the rivers of Ireland,
+          Scotland, England, and Wales; such choice
+          specimens are they that I think salmon and trout
+          will not refuse them in any river in Britain, they
+          are models of gracefulness, and will prove very
+          attractive to the finny tribe, they are all
+          general favourite flies of mine, and of the great
+          salmon and trout fly fishers of the present day.
+          The angler should never fail to try them wherever
+          he roamed in rivers known or unknown to him, and
+          succesful experience has given me an opportunity
+          of recommending them with the greatest confidence,
+          they have killed fish when they have been half
+          gnawed away, and as a fisherman I look upon them
+          with admiration although they are the work of my
+          own fingers, I think I will not say amiss if I
+          predestinate that the real enthusiastic fly
+          fishers, nine out of ten, will be in love with
+          them.
+
+
+THE LETTER.
+
+                                  "Buckingham Palace, May 7th, 1844.
+
+"Mr. Anson is commanded by His Royal Highness Prince Albert to enclose
+Mr. Blacker a cheque for ten pounds for the Work on Angling which
+accompanied his letter, the receipt of which he will have the goodness
+to acknowledge."
+
+
+
+
+THE ART OF FLY-MAKING,
+
+ETC., ETC.,
+
+BY WILLIAM BLACKER.
+
+
+To give something that will convey a durable and correct idea of
+Fly-making, Angling, and Dyeing of Colours to my pupils, is what I aim
+at, and desire they should understand: for when they are inhaling the
+fresh breezes on the river's bank, observing with delight the varied
+tints and delicate forms of the winged insects skimming the surface, and
+the sportive trout, pitching over and over, taking them down, this is
+the time, no doubt, when far from the din of a busy town they will thank
+me for my trouble in directing their attention to the proper shades,
+which is the most essential of all things in the Art to be considered.
+The amusement and pleasing recollections of the Fly-fisher, (when
+studying the various colours and materials necessary for the formation
+of the artificial fly--those fanciful ones which salmon take so freely,
+and the imitating, if possible, by the aid of these materials, those
+beautiful ones in Nature), will be infinitely more pleasing than can be
+well comprehended by a careless observer of the craft. Many a pleasant
+hour may be spent, that otherwise would prove tedious, when confined to
+quarters of an unfavourable day, far from home, looking over your
+dubbing book and tying a fly. It gives relief to the uneasy mind by
+calming the disorders that disappointments may have caused, and by
+cheering the hearts of those who pursue it as a relaxation and
+enjoyment. The recommendations on Angling are without number, and there
+is nothing can delight the heart of the fly-fisher so much as to see the
+fish rise at the flies on the surface of the water, and their beautiful
+appearance when landed on the bank; this, with the varied scenery which
+the windings of the river presents to the imagination, as you roam
+along, are inducements that cannot fail to gratify the admirer of
+sportive fish and rushing streams.
+
+[Illustration: AN EASY METHOD TO MAKE THE TROUT-FLY.]
+
+I have seen, in days when the fish are not in the humour of taking, a
+fly tied neatly near the tint, somewhat gaudy, will unquestionably
+entice them to rise, and will decidedly be more advantageous than
+fishing without plan. In days when the natural flies are most numerous,
+the trout will not take the artificial fly so freely; on the contrary,
+when these insects are rarely to be seen, if the angler can find the
+colour that is then prevailing, and imitate it, his success will be
+considerably increased.
+
+In these pages will be found descriptions of Flies that will kill well
+in every river and lake in the United Kingdom. And those in the "Hand
+Book of Angling," and the "Book of the Salmon," by the celebrated
+"Ephemera," will also be found excellent throughout the Kingdom.
+
+
+
+
+AN EASY METHOD TO MAKE THE TROUT FLY.
+
+(_See Plate._)
+
+
+The tyro will provide himself with a dubbing book, containing numerous
+compartments, to hold feathers, furs, pig hair, mohair, hackles, wing
+feathers, silk, tinsel, scissars, pliers, knife, and every other
+article necessary for fly-making--all of which may be procured at my
+Shop, 54, DEAN STREET, SOHO, with RODS, REELS, LINES, GUT, HOOKS,
+ARTIFICIAL BAITS, and every denomination of FISHING TACKLE, of the most
+superior quality in LONDON.
+
+Having laid out your materials on the table, seat yourself by a good
+light, and proceed as follows:--Take a piece of fine silk, and pin one
+end of it on your knee, take the other end between your left fore-finger
+and thumb, and with the right, take a small piece of shoemaker's wax,
+well tempered, and rub it all over the silk, keeping it tight in your
+left till it is all covered with the wax, rub it well on the end you are
+about to tie on the hook with, to keep it firm, for it will be found a
+very great object to use the wax throughout the making of the fly, as
+with the working of the tying silk it rubs off with the hand. There is a
+very beautiful silk of all colours to be had on spools, which ribbons
+are made of, that works very finely on the hook; when you wax it, take
+two or three folds of it, and pin it evenly on your knee, as before (or
+hold it between your teeth and twist it), twist it gently between your
+fingers a little so that you can wax it well, provide a piece of leather
+about an inch wide and an inch and a half long, double it, and lay a
+piece of nicely tempered wax between the folds, flatten it, and when you
+wax the silk, take the leather between your fingers, open the edge of
+it, and rub the wax on the tying silk in the same way as before, and you
+will not break the silk so easily, or dirty your fingers with the wax.
+You now take the hook by the bend in the left fore-finger and thumb,
+give two or three turns of the silk round the shank, flatten the end of
+the gut a little, which keeps it from drawing off, and tie it on
+underneath about half way down the hook firmly, this done, lay on a
+little varnish with your pencil. Take a piece of finer silk to make the
+fly with, and fasten it near the end of the shank, do not bring the silk
+to the extreme end of the shank to leave room for the wings, as they are
+apt to slip over on the gut if tied on too near. You strip off two
+pieces from the woodcock or starling wing, and lay them together evenly
+at the points, that the wings may be double when tied on (see the
+Trout-fly wing cut out of the woodcock feather, in the Plate), see that
+you do not make the wings too long when tying them on, let them be a
+little longer than the bend; press them tightly with your nails on the
+hook where you tie them on, and do not clip the ends of the wings with
+your nails, which gives them an unnatural appearance, but whether you
+lay them on first, or tie them on the reverse way and turn them back,
+make a judgment of the proper length; you now tie the wings on the
+reverse way at the end of the shank, with two or three rolls of the
+silk, give a running knot over it, and clip off the refuse ends of the
+roots of the feather; now before you form the body or tie on the hackle,
+turn the wings up in their place with the thumb nail of the right, and
+divide them in equal parts with a needle, draw the silk in and out
+between them, take a turn or two over the roots to keep them firmly in
+their place, and fasten with a running knot behind them next your left;
+then tie on the hackle, to suit the size, by the root (the soft flue
+previously picked off), close to the wings on its back, and give a knot
+over it, take the hackle by the point in your pliers, and roll it over
+the shank close under the wings two or three times on its side, keeping
+the outside of it next the wings, then draw it (the hackle) right
+through them, let the pliers hang with the point of the hackle in them
+at the head, and take two turns of the tying silk over it, fasten on the
+end of the shank which was left a little bare, cut off the silk and
+hackle points, give another knot or so to secure it before so doing, and
+lay on a little varnish at the head; now tie on a piece of fine tying
+silk opposite the barb on the shank, take two fibres of a mallard
+feather and tie them on about three-eighths of an inch long for tail, to
+extend over the bend of the hook, and with one knot tie on a piece of
+fine floss silk about three inches long to rib the fly; mix a little of
+the hare fur with yellow mohair, and draw a small quantity of it out of
+the lump with the right hand, take the hook by the bend in your left,
+lay the silk and hair over the end of the third finger, the hook being
+held in, twist the silk and hair together and roll it finely to the
+shoulder, give a running knot or two with the silk close to the hackle,
+take care to have a little more of the fur next the shoulder to make the
+body nicely tapered; you may continue to make the body from where you
+rolled on the hackle first, and fasten at the tail, and roll the hackle
+over it if the fly is to be of a long description; tail your fly, and
+tip it with tinsel, and with two running knots finish opposite the barb,
+at this point before you finish, wax your silk well, and touch with your
+varnish pencil: if there are any fibres of the hackle or of the wing, or
+the hair standing in a wrong direction, clip it off with your scissars,
+and your fly is completed. You may tie on floss silk or peacock's harl
+for the body the same as the mohair; and you can perceive that you may
+finish at the tail or at the shoulder, according to fancy--do not lose
+sight of this plan.
+
+[Illustration: _An easy method of making a Salmon Fly._]
+
+
+
+
+AN EASY METHOD OF MAKING A PLAIN SALMON FLY.
+
+(_See Plate._)
+
+
+Tie on the salmon hook to a length of twisted gut or loop (see the gut
+and hook tied on in the Plate of Salmon Hook, No. 1) firmly with strong
+marking silk well waxed, and lay on a little varnish; then take two
+pieces of turkey tail feather of equal size, or mallard feather,
+according to the colour of the wings you intend to make (see the turkey
+tail and mallard wings prepared, in the plate of feathers), tie them on
+the reverse way, a little longer than the bend of the hook where they
+are turned up (see the wings tied on the reverse way, Plate VII., on
+Salmon Hooks); these are tied on as the trout fly wings just described,
+and when turned up appear like the wings of plate No. 1, in an easy
+method of making a salmon fly--in this plate may be seen every thing
+necessary in making a plain salmon fly--these flies will be found good
+killers a great way up rivers from the sea. You hold the hook by the
+bend, and tie in the hackle at the head of the fly by the root end, and
+the tinsel to rib it in like manner (see the hackle tied on and the
+tinsel, Plate II.); about the same place where the hackle is tied on,
+tie three or four harls of the peacock's tail, twist them round the
+tying silk, and roll it down to the tail, and fasten with a running knot
+(see the body of Plate II.) the tying silk is now left hanging at the
+tail, where may be seen a small portion of the harl left cut, to shew
+where it was fastened; you roll the tinsel over the body to the same
+place and tie, three turns of the tinsel is sufficient; you then take
+the hackle by the end in your right hand, and roll it sideways in
+rotation with the tinsel, twisting it in your finger and thumb as you
+turn it over, to keep it slanting from the head, tie it in at the same
+place with a running knot, and clip off the ends of the hackle; you may
+tie in a short tail at this place, wax your silk, and finish with two or
+three running knots, cut off the tying silk, and touch them with a
+little varnish, to keep them from slipping--press down the hackle
+between your fingers which slants it to the tail--as the hackle is run
+over the body from the head to the tail of this fly, it will appear in
+the formation of the body (Plate III., on Salmon Hooks); when the fly is
+made with the hackle only struck round the shoulder, take two or three
+turns of it under the wings, and tie it in there (see Plate III., in an
+easy method of making a Salmon Fly). The body may be seen in this fly
+with the tinsel rolled over it, and tied in at the tail; a piece of the
+harl, tinsel and silk left to shew how it is done. The tinsel and harl
+are cut off, and with the tying silk, which is seen hanging, tie on a
+tail of topping, or mohair, feather of macaw, mallard, or any other to
+suit the taste or colour of the fly; you may tie on an ostrich harl, or
+peacock's harl, head like Plate I., where the tying silk may be seen
+hanging: the three flies on this plate, which are correctly engraved,
+will be found most valuable to the young beginner; and it is an expert
+method for the salmon fisher, when in a hurry, to make a fly or two for
+immediate use.
+
+When you wish to mix plain wings without dividing, tie them on first at
+the end of the shank, and form the head like No. 1 in this plate, which
+I think is the neatest of any, and suits best in rivers not very full of
+water. If you notice this plate correctly, it will be seen to correspond
+with the shape of the natural dragon fly; and as this fly, of various
+hues, is reared at the bottom of the water, it must be an alluring bait
+for the salmon and large trout; for when it first leaves the element of
+its birth, and proceeds to the banks of the river in a very feeble
+state, directly it receives strength it commences skimming the surface,
+preying upon the insects flying in the air at this time, and, when it
+comes weakly out of the water, the fish, no doubt, take it freely.
+
+There is another sort of fly that proceeds from the water, about the
+size of the flies on this plate, the body of which is of the colour of
+the blue feathers on the peacock's neck exactly, its legs are a dark
+brown colour, almost black, hanging long, and few of them; the wings,
+which stand upright on its back, or I may say, its head and shoulders,
+for the head and wings at the roots, and legs spring all out of the one
+lump which is very thick here in comparison to its beautiful slender
+body of many joints; the wings, I say, are a bronze brown with a moon in
+all the four like the peacock's tail feather, which in the artificial
+fly would be just the colour mixed with a little drake feather; there
+are some of them all brown, and some with bright green bodies, and blue
+green as above; all these beautiful insects must afford food for the
+fish. This of course accounts for the artificial representation in use,
+and it cannot be denied that they take them for natural ones, which the
+fly-fisher, according to fancy, forms most fantastically, varying on
+most of the rivers.
+
+[Illustration: The best method of making a Trout-fly]
+
+
+
+
+TO MAKE THE TROUT FLY, IN THE BEST AND MOST APPROVED METHOD.
+
+_(See Plate with Picker)._
+
+
+The reader will lay out his materials before him on the table, which
+consist of hook, gut, wings, hackle, feather for tail, body of fur,
+floss silk, or peacock harl, silk to rib it, wax, tying silk, &c., all
+things now ready, proceed as follows:--Wax a piece of fine China silk,
+about a foot in length; if it is spool or ribbon silk, twist two pieces
+together, and take one end between your teeth, twisting with your
+fingers and thumbs, not too much; take the other end in the left, and
+wax it up and down till it is covered with the wax all over; you may pin
+it on your knee as in the first plan, and wax it; take the hook by the
+bend in the left hand, say a No. 6 or 7 to begin with, placing your silk
+just waxed on the shank under your left thumb nail, and give two or
+three turns of the silk towards you, flatten the end of the gut a
+little, and tie it on to the hook about half way down the shank, at the
+same time hold the gut and hook tightly between your nails, and shift it
+as you go up or down, on the hook shank with the tying silk; the hook
+firmly tied on, take out one of the wing feathers of the hen pheasant,
+and cut out of the centre of it two equal pieces to compose the wings,
+(see the piece cut out for the trout fly wing in the plate of Feathers),
+you lay these two pieces together even at the points, take them between
+the nails of the right hand, place them on the end of the shank between
+the finger and thumb of the left, and give two or three turns of the
+silk over them tightly, winding the silk towards you, cut off the roots
+of the feather slantingly with your scissars, as this swells the fly at
+the shoulder when forming the body; the wings are now tied the reverse
+way, (see No. 7 Plate, at the sign of the "picker.") The three flies at
+top of this plate I will explain, when I show how the wings are turned
+back in their place. You now turn the hook in your fingers and hold it
+by the head, and of course you roll the tying silk from you; form the
+tail, body, and hackle, while holding your hook by the shank shift it in
+your hand till the nails are opposite the barb, where you tie on a tail
+(see Plate VII) You now draw a little mohair or fur out of the piece
+lying on the table, and lay it along the tying silk sparingly, twist it
+round the silk, and roll it up to the shoulder, or nearly so, and give a
+running knot; take a small hackle and cut it at the point (see hackle at
+the bottom of this plate), or, instead of cutting it, draw it back a
+little with the fingers, as you may see the grouse hackle prepared in
+the plate of feathers, or hackle cut at point in the plate of feathers;
+tie the hackle on at the centre of the body at the point where it is
+cut, and give a running knot, and to fill up the space between that and
+the shoulder, roll on a little more fur, and give a knot with the silk;
+wax your silk occasionally, as it wears off; you now turn the hook round
+in the fingers and hold it by the bend; this turning of the hook is the
+most curious and convenient part of it; the hackle appears standing on
+the fly, as in Plate II., or V. You take the hackle by the end in your
+right hand, and roll it up to the shoulder in a slanting direction,
+giving it an extra turn or two at the head, as you see Plate VII., tie
+it down, and cut off the stem of the hackle; take the fly between your
+finger and thumb, keeping the fibres of the hackle under them out of the
+way while you turn up the wings; you now divide them in two with a
+needle or "picker," turn up the off side one first and tie it down, then
+the one next you, and turn the silk in and out between them, to keep
+them asunder; you then draw all under your finger and thumb, and with
+the tying silk, give two turns over the ends, which forms a head, and
+finish on the small bit of hook left at the head, take a turn or two of
+the silk round the gut to guard it, and take two running knots; the fly
+now appears as Plate IV., press the fly between the fingers which slants
+the hackle towards the tail.
+
+As this is a valuable plate of flies to work upon, I will here commence
+with Numbers 1, 2, 3, and then 5 and 4, these two latter flies are
+bodies of gaudy sea-trout ones, or grilse flies. The wings are tied on
+last of the three first flies--you hold the hook by the bend in the
+left, and tie on the hook, gut, and tail, as you see in Plate I.; you
+then place on a little mohair to form the body, as in Plate II.; before
+you reach the shoulder you tie in the hackle, as No. 2, and leave a
+little of the end of the hook to receive the wings, and let the silk
+hang at the head; you now take the hackle by the end in your right, and
+roll it slantingly on its side or partly on its back, placing the third
+finger of the hand, the fly being held in against the hackle at each
+roll till you come to the shoulder, take a turn of the silk over it cut
+off the stem, and give a knot; let the silk hang at the place you are
+about to tie on the wings, the fly now appears as Plate III., and in
+this plate you may perceive the right length the hackle ought to be for
+the size of the hook; you then cut off two pieces from the starling or
+woodcock wings, and lay them together to make the wings of the fly full,
+and to appear double when finished, or a piece of mallard feather, like
+the wings of Plate IV.; you now hold the fly between the fore-finger and
+thumb nails of the left hand, close to where you see the silk hanging
+(Plate III.), tie on the off side wing first, holding tight by the nails
+to keep it on the top of the shank so that it will not turn round with
+the silk, wax your silk here, keep the middle finger of the left against
+it while you take up the other wing, and tie it on in like manner on the
+near side; this plan makes a division in the wings. You must endeavour
+to keep them tight on the end of the shank, or they will fall over on
+the gut, but by holding tight with the nails, and drawing tightly with
+the tying silk, you may soon prevent mistakes, and use every thing
+sparingly to prevent clumsiness or you will never get on. Now cut off
+the ends of the wings closely, and finish with a turn or two, and a
+running knot or two at the very head, and the fly will appear like the
+finished fly, Plate IV., lay on a little spirit-varnish at the head,
+which keeps it firm--(this varnish you may procure at the oil and colour
+warehouses, or at doctor's shops, that which is used for rods is best.)
+
+Now for the two Plates V. and VI.:--
+
+When the hook and gut is neatly tied on, as Plate I., you take a hook,
+size of the above two, and a hackle to suit; you hold the hook by the
+bend in the left, and opposite the barb where you see the silk hanging
+at No. 1, you take a piece of tinsel, tie it on, and give two or three
+turns just immediately below where you tie in the tail (see the tip of
+tinsel below the tail, Plate V.), take an ostrich harl and roll it on
+for tag, which you will see just above the tip of tinsel, then tie on a
+topping above that, as you may see, then the piece of tinsel to rib the
+body, which you may see extending longer than the tail; you now take a
+piece of floss silk, fine, and form the body of it from the tail to the
+shoulder, as you see the taper body of Plate V., and during the interval
+tie in the hackle on the centre of the body, at the point where the silk
+is hanging to receive the wings; take the end of the hackle in your
+right (first roll the tinsel as the body of Plate VI.) finger and thumb,
+and roll it slantingly over the body in rotation with the tinsel, as you
+see in this latter plate, and tie it down at the end of the shank, leave
+the silk hanging as in this plate, touch it at this place with varnish;
+you may wing it with turkey or "glede" (kite's) tail feather, mallard,
+&c., like the plate of the plain fly, opposite No. 7, or like the wing
+of the gaudy Irish salmon fly immediately under that number at the
+bottom of the plate, (I mention these two flies in this manner to
+distinguish them from the plate on Salmon Hooks). These two are models
+of a plain, and gaudy Irish fly; the delicacy of the body of the gaudy
+one, as the silk and tinsel is so finely wrought between each joint of
+harl and hackles, is beyond compare; and the wing is finely mixed,
+although not so perfect as the beautiful engravings of the twelve
+salmon flies.
+
+Before I begin the gaudy salmon fly, I will here show how the palmer is
+made, in two or three ways.
+
+[Illustration: TO MAKE THE PALMER OR DOUBLE HACKLEFLY.]
+
+
+
+
+TO MAKE THE PALMER, OR DOUBLE-HACKLE FLY.
+
+
+You tie on the hook firmly as before, and prepare two hackles for the
+fly, as you may see in the plate of Feathers, two hackles tied together
+at the roots, which keeps them on their sides evenly while rolling them
+on; you hold the hook by the shank in your left hand, tie in the
+hackles, the inside downwards, that when tied on and finished, the
+outside of the feathers appears to the eye (see the hackle tied in at
+the points, and the body and tinsel rolled on, at the bottom of the
+plates of Trout Flies for the season); tie in the tinsel to the body,
+and the peacock's harl, or mohair, or floss silk, to form it, at the
+same place--turn the hook in your fingers, and hold it by the bend; take
+the harls in your right hand, and roll them up to the head, or mohair,
+or your floss silk in the same way; take a turn of the tying silk
+over, with a running knot, clip off the ends of the harl, (leave a
+little of the end of the shank of the hook bare to finish on, or you
+will not be enabled to roll the two hackles neatly up to this place).
+Next, roll the tinsel over the harl, and tie, slope it as you go up;
+then take hold of the hackles in your right hand, and roll them over the
+body close beside the tinsel slopingly, taking care at the same time to
+keep the third or middle finger of the hand the fly is held in tight
+against them at each turn, and roll them closer as you go up to the
+shoulder, pull them tight here, and if there are any fibres left on the
+stem of the hackle that are superfluous, pull them off, still keeping
+your finger against them, and holding hard the hook; now take a roll or
+two of the tying silk over them and the knots, give the stem another
+pull to tighten them, and clip it off, tie down the head neatly with two
+running knots, and varnish it; press the fly between your fingers to
+slant the hackles downwards; and if any of the fibres of the hackles
+stand the wrong way cut them off, although, if they are rolled evenly
+together on their sides or back, you will turn the fly out correct,--see
+the beautiful Palmer in the plate, with the hook tied in on the back,
+which is a perfect model,--these hooks are tied together on the same
+piece of gut first, and then make the fly over them. It is difficult to
+perform this job until you know how to make a palmer on a single hook.
+
+[Illustration: How to make the Salmon-Fly]
+
+The foregoing is my favorite way of making a palmer, but you must be
+proficient before you can manage it well. I will here show how it can be
+made in a very easy manner, when you are able to handle the materials,
+and tie on nicely. When you have the hook and gut neatly tied on, take
+two hackles, and tie them in at the end of the shank by the roots on
+their back, tie in the peacock harl and tinsel to rib it at the same
+place; holding your hook of course by the bend in the left hand, take
+hold of the two hackles in your pliers by the points, and when the
+tinsel and body is rolled on, turn the hackles over the body close with
+the tinsel on their backs slopingly, till you reach the tail; here let
+go the pliers, and they will hang with the ends of the hackles still in
+them, till you take two turns of the silk over them, clip off the ends
+of the hackles, and tie it neatly with two running knots, lay on a
+little varnish; the fly will look rather rough in this method when
+finished, but with a little pain you will soon accomplish it; press down
+the fibres with your fingers, and cut away the superfluities. You should
+have a palmer ready made before you always while making this fly, which
+will facilitate you in your progress.
+
+When you find it difficult to place on the hackles first while you are
+making a fly, pull off one side of the fibres, and lay two evenly
+together, and draw them back at the points where you tie them in, as the
+hackle in the plate of Feathers, and roll them always slopingly over the
+body to the shoulder, on their edge with the outside of them next the
+head; and, according as you come up to the end of the shank, roll them
+closer, which makes the fly appear full there, press them well down with
+your fingers, (see the three-hackle, or Palmer Flies for Trout, 7, 8,
+and 9). The hackles of these three flies are beautifully struck.
+
+
+
+
+HOW TO MAKE THE SALMON FLY, AS SHOWN IN THE BEAUTIFUL PLATE OF
+ENGRAVINGS ON SALMON HOOKS.
+
+
+Reader, you will have an idea of the sorts of materials you require for
+the different processes on each hook in the plates, as the models were
+tied by me in strict proportion, and are most exquisite engravings: You
+take a piece of twisted gut to form the loop on the fly, double it over
+a needle, or "picker," to form an eye, and pare off the ends slantingly
+to lie nice and even when tied, as you may see in Plate I. on Salmon
+Hooks; wind your waxed silk round the shank of the hook about four or
+five times, before placing on the gut; hold the hook in the left hand
+near the end of the shank, lay the gut-loop underneath, and hold on
+between your finger and thumb tightly, to prevent it turning round when
+you lap the tying silk over it, and keep shifting your fingers down the
+shank out of the way of the tying silk in its progress to the tail,
+which you will see in Plate I. You now draw out a small piece of yellow,
+or red mohair, keep it tight between the nails and tie it on, first tip
+the fly immediately under the tail, as in Plate I.; you make it even
+with your scissars at the point, as that tail is seen; you now take a
+piece of yellow or orange floss silk, and lap it from the tail about
+two-eighths of an inch up to where you see the hackle and tinsel tied
+in, Plate II.; after having tied the hackle and tinsel on as you see it
+there, (you may draw the point of the hackle back, as the hackle
+prepared in the plate of Feathers, instead of cutting it at the point,
+as you may see also the hackle cut, in the plate of Feathers). You now
+shift your finger and thumb up the body a little, and just where you
+finished the knot over the floss silk twist a little pig hair round the
+tying silk sparingly, and roll it over the shank to the head, or within
+the eighth of an inch of the head, as you may see in Plate II.; you now
+take the two pieces of tinsel in the right hand and roll them up
+slopingly to where the silk is hanging, Plate II., and whip it down; you
+next take the stem of the hackle in the right hand, and roll it evenly
+beside the tinsel on its side, or partly on its back (this is done by
+giving the stem a gentle twist in your fingers) till you bring it to the
+head where there may be two or three extra rolls of it given to make it
+full at the shoulder, or where you tie on the wings, (see the hackle,
+beautifully rolled on from tail to shoulder, Plate III). You now take a
+piece of mallard feather, stripped off with your nails, and press it
+small at the end of the roots where it is to be tied on, (see the
+Mallard Wing prepared in the plate of Feathers); you strip another piece
+like it, and lay them even together; you take the other two pieces in
+like manner and do the same, so that each wing, when tied on, will be
+double; you now take the fly, Plate III., in your hand between the nails
+close to the shoulder, and wax well the piece of silk that hangs here;
+you take up one wing and lay it on at the off side, and give two whips
+of the silk over it tightly, holding on at the shoulder well with the
+left hand, to keep the wing from turning round under the belly; you now
+take up the near side wing, and lay it on in like manner, whipping it
+twice over, and then a running knot, (see the Mallard Wings, tied
+beautifully on, Plate IV.); and in that plate you see the root ends
+projecting over the loop, cut them off, and finish it with three or four
+turns of the silk, and two knots, close to the root of the wings to make
+all even.
+
+I will now proceed to show how the other three flies are formed--5, 6,
+and 7.
+
+These may be termed middling gaudy, and are famous for the rivers in the
+north of Scotland, or the clear waters of Ireland. You perform the
+operation of tying on the hook as Plate I; tip the fly at the tail, and
+tie on a topping; take a piece of black ostrich or peacock harl, tie it
+in at the roots, and roll it evenly over the shank two or three times
+(see the harl tag, Plate V); tie in the hackle above the ostrich tag,
+leave it hanging, and roll the twist up the body, previously formed of
+floss silk nicely tapered (see the Body of Plate V); take the hackle in
+the right hand, and roll it evenly with the tinsel, and fasten it as
+Plate VI; leave the silk hanging here to tie on the wings and the head.
+The wings of Plate VII, may be seen tied on the reverse way, and the
+body and hackle formed afterwards; they are now ready to turn back in
+their proper place to hang over the body, this is done by turning them
+neatly up with the thumb nail of the right hand, and laying them evenly
+on each side of the fly, with the best side of the feather out. The
+spots and shades which are perceivable in the wings and hackles of all
+the engraved specimens of fly, are shown to great perfection--I have
+described the whole of them, to match the shades exactly, so that it is
+impossible to go astray when tying on each fibre of feather.
+
+We will now return to Plate VI, and teach how it is to be winged--You
+cut off a strip from the turkey tail feather, which must be unbroken, as
+a whole wing; after measuring the proper length of it for the hook, you
+draw each piece small with the nails where it is to be tied on, as the
+strip is broader at the root, so that, take it on the whole, it must be
+narrow where this piece of feather is made small at the roots, as seen
+in the plate of Feathers, to keep it so whole, touch it with a little
+varnish, and let it dry a little on the table.
+
+You take hold of the fly in your left hand, close to the head, draw the
+fibres of the hackle out of the way by placing them under your fingers;
+take the wing in your right hand and lay it on, catching it between the
+left finger and thumb on the top of the hook tightly, and give two rolls
+of the tying silk over it; take up the other wing, like the last, and
+lay it on the near side, and lap the silk over it in like manner (renew
+the silk with wax before the wings are tied on); you now may tie on a
+few fibres of golden pheasant neck, and tail feathers at each side of
+the wings just put on, and a piece of macaw feather at each side; head
+it with ostrich, or roll a little pig hair round the silk sparingly, lap
+it over twice, and finish by giving two running knots over it close to
+the root of the wings (see the wing of the middling plain Salmon Fly,
+Plate II, immediately above the Sea-Trout Fly and May Fly.)
+
+The reader will perceive in this plate ON SALMON HOOKS, that I have just
+described a garden, as it were fully cultivated, there is hardly a space
+left waste, like the broad fields of industrious England, whose sons
+"never, never shall be slaves." All the other plates are likewise full
+of useful matter, which will prove my hard labour, and at the same time
+show that I have hid nothing from the Fly-Fisher in all the processes.
+
+If the fly (Plate V., ON SALMON HOOKS) is winged with feathers, like the
+Irish gaudy wing, prepared in the plate of Feathers, it will be found to
+approach near the gaudy fly at the bottom of the plate, with "picker" at
+top.
+
+I will now describe the process of making the Gaudy Salmon Fly, the
+plate of which is invaluable to the Salmon fisher:--
+
+[Illustration: _Process of making the Gaudy Salmon-fly_]
+
+
+
+
+PROCESS OF MAKING THE GAUDY SALMON FLY.
+
+(_See Plate._)
+
+
+You commence by tying the hook and gut firmly together, and that it may
+be more easy and convenient to the reader to accomplish this process of
+making the Gaudy Salmon Fly, I will tell how it is done in my own
+favourite way.--Take the hook in the left hand and hold by the shank
+immediately opposite the barb, here fasten on a piece of fine tying
+silk, finer than you tied the hook and gut on with, tie on a piece of
+tinsel, and roll it over the hook three or four times to tip the fly;
+place the nail of the left thumb on it, and tie with one knot (see the
+tip on the first fly in the plate, just below the ostrich tag); take a
+middling size golden pheasant topping, and tie it on just below the
+ostrich tag with a piece of tinsel, about a finger length, to rib the
+body (see the tinsel); take a hackle to suit the size of the hook, draw
+it a little back from the point, that is the fibres (see the hackle
+ready to tie in at tail in the first fly); take a fibre of ostrich, tie
+it on, and give two or three rolls of it from you, and as you turn it
+over keep the soft pile of the feather towards the tail, as this will
+make the tag appear even, and give a running knot, the less knots the
+better at this point to prevent clumsiness; now take a piece of pig
+hair, and twist it round the tying silk (see the pig hair round the
+silk, and the hackle tied on just above it), roll the pig hair over the
+body, giving it a turn or two between the ostrich tag and the hackle,
+that when the hackle is struck it may appear from the centre of the fly
+to the shoulder; the pig hair is now on, roll the tinsel over it
+slopingly till you come within the eighth of an inch of the loop; take
+hold of the end of the hackle in the right hand, and roll it up on its
+edge, or partly on its back, in rotation with the tinsel, and tie it
+down with two knots, clip off the end of the hackle and tinsel.
+
+If the fly is to be made with the hackle struck only round the shoulder
+(see hackle tied in at shoulder, on the second fly in this plate. I have
+not numbered the three flies on this plate, to distinguish it from the
+plate of AN EASY METHOD OF MAKING A SALMON FLY.) See pig hair body and
+tinsel rolled on; shift your hand up the hook in the left, and hold by
+the middle, take the hackle in the right, and roll it from you closely
+round the shoulder, (see hackle tied in at shoulder), leaving at the
+same time enough of the hook bare at the end of the shank to tie on the
+wings, and to roll on the jay feather (see jay hackle ready), the hackle
+supposed to be rolled round the shoulder, cut off the tinsel and pig
+hair which you see on the piece of silk, leaving another piece attached
+in the same place to tie on the wings (see the piece of tinsel and pig
+hair left at the head ready to be cut off, and the silk hanging to tie
+on the wings--second fly).
+
+The first fly, which we made above, is now no other in appearance than
+the third fly at the bottom of the plate, which shows hook, body, and
+tinsel. We now come to the most critical part of tying on the gaudy
+wings firmly, (see mixed gaudy wing ready to tie on). You take a
+neck-feather of the golden pheasant with a piece of silver pheasant
+tail, a piece of peacock wing, a teal feather, and a piece of wood-duck,
+&c., lay them all evenly together, and break the fibres between your
+nails, when you tie them on the hook to make the whole small, as you may
+see done at the root of the wing in the plate; take another golden
+pheasant neck feather, and prepare it exactly like the last, that the
+wing may be the same at each side when tied on; you now take hold of the
+fly in the left, the fibres of the hackle remaining under your finger
+and thumb, cut away the bit of tinsel and hackle-stem first, take the
+wing in your right, and lay it on the best side next you, and hold it
+tight with the left finger and thumb nails; give two laps of the silk
+over it, press it down tightly with the thumb nail, and take another
+turn of the silk, place the third finger against it to keep it on, till
+you lay on the off side wing; take it up as you did the other, and tie
+it down at the small part of the end, on the off side, hold it tight
+between the left finger and thumb, pressing it at the same time well
+down with the thumb nail of the right, take two rolls of the silk firmly
+over it, hold on manfully with the left, and give it another nail or two
+with the right thumb, make a running knot, lay it down awhile to rest
+your fingers; clip off the roots left hanging or projecting at the head
+closely (be careful always to leave enough of the hook bare to receive
+the wings, or you cannot manage it easily), now take two or three turns
+more over the head to make it tighter and even, leaving a little bit of
+the point to stand out; you then take a strip of macaw, and tie it on
+each side, clip off the ends, take an ostrich harl and tie it on about
+the centre of the head, and roll it over from you two or three times,
+the downy part of the stem next the loop to keep it all the one way, and
+when up to the root of the wings, take the silk which hangs here lap it
+twice over, and give a running knot; clip off the silk and end of the
+harl, lay on a little varnish very lightly at the point, and where the
+silk has been just tied down, keep the varnish off the ostrich harl; you
+may take a little pig hair, and twist it round the silk, roll it over
+the head very sparingly, and finish at the root of the wings in the same
+manner, laying on a little varnish.
+
+[Illustration: The plate of Feathers]
+
+I will here repeat the tying on of the gaudy wing, with two or three
+fibres of various sorts of feathers, &c., which may be a little more
+easy to accomplish than the foregoing to the young beginner.
+
+When you have the tail, tinsel, and hackle put together on the hook, and
+the eighth of an inch of the shank left bare to receive the wings;
+wax the silk well that it may make the head firm, and proceed
+thus.--First strip off two fibres of the peacock's wing feather, and
+place them with three or four fibres of brown mallard, and the same
+quantity of spotted turkey tail, add to it a piece of neck and tail
+feather of the golden pheasant, with a little guinea hen, teal, and red
+macaw feather, yellow, orange, and blue. Keep these all even together,
+and break them at the roots like the gaudy wing in the last plate, and
+divide them in equal parts; now having mixed both your wings alike, take
+up one wing in your right fore-finger and thumb nails and hold it
+tightly, take up your fly with the left hand, and with the right hand
+place the wing on at the off side, laying it under the fore-finger of
+the left hand, and with the right hand give two turns of the tying silk
+over it, at the same time holding on tight between the nails of the left
+hand, and press it down with the thumb nail of the right, which keeps
+the head firm; then in like manner take up the other wing and place it
+on the near side, keep the wings the same length, and to extend two
+eighths of an inch longer than the bend of the hook, having taken two
+laps over the near side wing, cut off the root ends at the head closely,
+holding tight with the left-hand nails, and press both wings down
+tightly with the right thumb nail; wax the silk well here, and lap it
+over the part where you cut off the ends evenly; bring the silk down on
+the gut and give three or four rolls of it just below the point of the
+shank to guard it from friction when throwing the fly; bring the silk up
+again close to the root of the wings, and tie on a fibre of blue and
+yellow macaw tail feather for horns, let them be the eighth of an inch
+longer than the wings, clip off the ends; take a jay feather and prepare
+it, tie it on at the off side of the head with the bare side next the
+belly of the fly, roll it with the right hand over the head, about three
+turns, and lap the silk over it while under the nail of the left; cut
+off the stem, lay on a blue kingfisher feather each side, tie on a black
+ostrich harl, give three or four rolls of it over the head, letting the
+stem be next to the root of the wings as you roll it, take it under the
+nail of the left thumb, and lap two turns of the silk over it close to
+the root of the wings, and with the finger and thumb press up the
+fibres of the ostrich towards the wings, to make it stand even in its
+proper place; cut off the silk, and lay on a little varnish at the point
+of the head, and your fly is completed.
+
+As it is my intention to instruct the reader in every point necessary
+for his benefit, according to my own knowledge and experience,
+throughout the pages of this book, it affords me much pleasure to be
+enabled to do so, and to offer something to the fly-fisher worth having,
+there is scarcely a page he opens that he will not find something
+valuable to himself, if he is a real lover of the art. "There is a
+pleasure in angling that no one knows but the angler himself."
+
+I will now show how the India-rubber Green Drake is made, with a
+cock-tail, like the beautiful engraving in the plate, (see Green Drake).
+The Grouse, and Golden Plover hackle may also be made in a similar
+manner, to suit fine evenings in the summer, without the tail.
+
+To compose the fly, take a piece of gold tinsel, and cut a long strip of
+light india-rubber very thin, hackle, wings, tail, and all laid down
+ready,--tie the gut on the top of the hook, to project about
+three-sixteenths of an inch below the bend, or tie the gut underneath in
+the usual way, and lay a piece of gut on the top somewhat thicker, to
+work the tail upon, (see the tail in the engraving,--look often at the
+flies to refresh the memory); take three hairs of the mane of a black
+horse, and tie them on the end of the piece of gut, about an inch in
+length, let the silk be fine and well waxed, then tie in the end of the
+gold tinsel, and the finest end of the piece of india-rubber at the
+tail, that the thick end may be towards the shoulder to make it taper;
+after the body is made very even with a little yellow floss silk, hold
+the fly by the shank in the left hand, with the nails in close contact
+with each other, and roll the tinsel closely up, shifting your hand;
+this fastened down with the tying silk, take hold of the india-rubber in
+the right, and the extreme end of the gut tail in your left nails; warm
+the rubber a little in the fingers to soften it, draw it out to its full
+extent, and roll it over the end of the gut, and at every roll keep the
+third finger of the left hand tight against it to prevent it starting,
+move the nails up the hook as you proceed with the rubber to the
+shoulder; give two laps of the tying silk over it, and a running knot.
+The body now formed, take a very light brown grouse hackle (see the
+grouse hackle prepared in the plate of Feathers,--the partridge and the
+plover hackles are prepared in the same way, and all feathers of this
+shape for the throat, you may either draw them back at the end, or cut
+them like the wren tail feather), and tie it on at the shoulder, roll it
+about three times over on its back, keeping the fibres down towards the
+left under the fingers, tie the stem with a running knot, and do not
+give too many laps of the tying silk at the head to make it bulky, for
+it occasions the wings to turn round on the hook, as then there is no
+foundation for them, but when they are tied hard on the hook, they sit
+firm--you can not wing it neatly otherwise; to prevent a vacancy at the
+shoulder, lay on a little yellow-green mohair to fill it up, and roll
+the hackle over it, you may now guard the gut with the silk before you
+tie on the wings, do not allow the body of the fly to come too close up
+to the head, or as I said before, you cannot tie on the wings properly.
+Now take the dyed mallard feather for the wings, strip two pieces off,
+and lay them together for one wing, and two pieces for the other wing
+in like manner; hold the body by the left close to the head, and lay on
+the off side wing first, hold it tight under the nails of the left, and
+take a turn or two of the silk tightly over it, take up the other wing
+and lay it on, catching it under the nails of the left, taking two turns
+more over it in the same way, and press it tight down with the nails of
+the right thumb, give another turn or two of the silk, press back the
+roots of the wings with the thumb nail of the right, cut them close off,
+roll the silk evenly over it, and give two knots, now take a peacock's
+harl, tie it in by the root end, and roll it over the head two or three
+times towards the wing, and tie it firmly here with two knots of the
+tying silk, cut off silk and harl, lay on a little varnish, and your fly
+is completed; press up the head to make it look even, cut off all
+superfluous fibres that may stand uneven, so that all will appear like
+the plate.
+
+There is another excellent way of making a body:--thus, take a piece or
+length of very flat gut, and soak it well in hot water till it becomes
+soft, tie it in at the end of the tail as you did the india-rubber,
+form a body nicely tapered of straw, roll some white floss silk over it
+at intervals, roll the soft gut closely over it to the head and tie it
+fast; then put a small partridge hackle round the throat, and wing it
+the same as before. Before you lay on the straw, cut it taper to suit
+the size of hook you are using, gold-beater's skin rolled over flat gold
+tinsel is also good.
+
+I will here teach the making of the beautiful WINGED LARVA, specimens of
+which are shown in the plate with the May Fly. There is nothing can
+exceed the beauty of these flies, and as artificial specimens for
+killing fish during easterly winds they are invaluable.
+
+It was in a strong east wind which lasted some weeks, five or six years
+ago, that I had such great success with this sort of fly in the river
+Tweed; grilse, sea-trout, and river-trout took it greedily. The two
+engravings in the plate of these flies are very beautiful. It would be a
+general killer in heavy running rivers under trees, or in rapid
+streams.
+
+[Illustration: TO MAKE THE WINGED LARVA.]
+
+
+
+
+TO MAKE THE WINGED LARVA.
+
+
+Tie on the hook and gut as before (say a hook about No. 8) and form a
+brown body of mohair on it, wing the fly with a portion of hen pheasant
+tail feather and woodcock wing; having the yellow brown body formed on
+the hook, and the wings ready to tie on, take a piece of the shrivelled
+larva you will find attached to the ends of the lengths of salmon gut,
+choose those that are nice and taper, and at the fine end tie on two
+fibres of golden pheasant neck feather for tail, clip off the end of the
+gut, lay on a little varnish at the end of the tail to keep it from
+coming off; now tie on the larva close to the shoulder, cut off the end
+of the gut, lay on a little varnish there, take some mohair of the same
+colour as the body, and roll it over the throat to cover the tying,
+leaving at the same time enough of the hook to receive the wings, you
+then take a light brown grouse hackle, off the neck of the bird, and
+roll it twice round the shoulder for the legs, or a woodcock feather, to
+be found at the root of the wings, outside, the latter I think is
+best. Now tie the wings on a little longer than the bend of the hook,
+clip off the ends at the head, and form a head with a piece of peacock
+harl, of a bronze colour as usual, fasten with the silk, and cut off all
+the superfluities. It would be well to draw out a little of the mohair
+at the shoulder to hang over the larva body, and to flatten the end of
+the gut a little where you tie on the tail, which keeps it on. Tie the
+larva at the side, so as it may appear like a double body to the fish in
+the water. It may be made by tying on the wings first, and let them
+remain until the body, the larva, and the hackle, are all tied in their
+proper places, and then turn back the wings over the body with your
+thumb nail, and tie them firmly down with the silk, taking two laps over
+the roots, and finish with two knots on the end of the shank immediately
+above the head.
+
+Do not neglect to tie in the larva tightly below the wings at the
+shoulder, to prevent it drawing out from the mohair body. You must hold
+on tight and press it well down with the nail of the right thumb, as you
+do the wings when tying them on last. It is best to look at the larvas
+engraved in the plate occasionally, to give you an idea how it is done.
+When the wings are turned up last, and a head formed of the root of them
+with the tying silk, you next roll on a piece of brown peacock harl at
+the root of the wings, a harl with long pile or fibres is best, as you
+can press it up with your fingers to hang over the root of the wings.
+
+The great nicety in making this fly to look well is, in tying on the two
+fibres of the golden pheasant feathers at the tail with fine silk, and
+the tying on of the larva itself at the shoulder of the fly, and then
+covering the silk that appeared bare with a little mohair twisted round
+the tying silk, and then rolled over it; it is over this bit of mohair
+the hackle should be rolled, and secured with two knots.
+
+The wing of the small larva in the plate is tied on last, and a most
+curious and killing looking fly it is; the other one does best in deep
+water, or for grilse or sea-trout in July and August, particularly in
+the latter month.
+
+The Salmon Fly, No. 11, in the centre of the plate, with the larvas, is
+a capital specimen for the light streams north of the Tweed, and would
+kill well in that splendid river at low water in summer, particularly
+at the "Throughs," three miles above the town of Kelso.
+
+The above fly I will describe hereafter, with the other engravings in
+the plates.
+
+To proceed regularly with the various methods of Fly Making, before
+touching on another subject, will be much more convenient to the tyro as
+he proceeds, so I will finish this branch of an "Angler's Education"
+with a Catechism, which will be found instructive and very curious to
+the beginner. It is accompanied with a copper-plate engraving of six
+flies, showing the whole process to the eye, which cannot fail to give a
+lasting idea to the fly maker who will properly study it.
+
+In this last process, the reader should lay out every thing necessary
+for making a single fly in a piece of folded paper, so that he can look
+at the various articles as he rehearses them over in the book,--this
+will keep them more strongly in his mind.
+
+Have each article to suit the size of the hook exactly, that when the
+fly is completed, it will appear in strict proportion: for instance, the
+hackle should be chosen small to suit the legs of the trout fly, and the
+large flies to have hackles off the saddle of the cock, that are old
+and stiff, to withstand the motion of the water; and fine silk, both
+floss and tying for the bodies of the small flies, and every thing in
+unison, as you read in the book; handling every thing sparingly,
+delicately, and nicely in the fingers. There is a good deal of the
+"battle fought" by letting the nails grow to a pretty fair length so as
+to hold on grimly.
+
+
+
+
+A CATECHISM OF FLY-MAKING,
+
+BY WILLIAM BLACKER
+
+
+_Question._--What do you mean by Fly-making?
+
+_Answer._--I mean the artificial assimilation of those beautiful insects
+that appear on brooks and rivers during the summer season.
+
+_Q._--What are these artificial flies used for in general?
+
+_A._--They are principally used to afford gentlemen rural amusement and
+recreation, by their taking both trout and salmon with the rod, line,
+and fly.
+
+_Q._--Name the different materials requisite for making the Artificial
+Fly.
+
+[Illustration: _To make the Trout-fly as taught in the_ CATHECHISM.]
+
+_A._--The necessary materials for making the Artificial Fly are as
+follows:--various kinds of feathers, furs, mohair, pig hair, dyed
+hackles, silks, tinsel, &c., &c.
+
+_Q._--When the tyro has all the materials prepared, and seated at the
+table, how does he commence to make the fly?
+
+_A._--First, the hook is firmly tied on the gut, and one eighth of an
+inch of the end of the shank left bare to receive the wings (see plate,
+hook, gut, and tail, tied on).
+
+_Q._--How are the wings tied on?
+
+_A._--They may be tied on the reverse way first, at the extreme end of
+the shank, and after the tail, body, and legs are formed, turn up the
+wings, divide and tie them down, and form the head.
+
+_Q._--Is there any other way of placing on the wings of a trout fly?
+
+_A._--Yes, by forming the tail, body, and legs first, and tie on the
+wings last.
+
+_Q._--Having the wings the reverse way, to appear in strict proportion
+over the fly when turned, what is the next part to be performed?
+
+_A._--Next, I take hold of the shank opposite the barb in my left, and
+here tie on a short piece of tinsel for the tip, roll it over two or
+three times evenly, and secure it with a running knot, immediately above
+this tie on the tail.
+
+_Q._--When the wings are tied on reversed, the tip and tail secured, how
+do you form the body?
+
+_A._--I take hold of the hook in my left hand close to the tail, and
+with my right draw out a small quantity of mohair, twist it round the
+tying silk close to the hook, draw it gradually full under the fingers
+to taper it, I then roll it closely over the shank to the root of the
+wings and fasten it. Leave a vacancy to receive the hackle if rolled on
+at the shoulder.
+
+_Q._--If there is not sufficient mohair twisted on the silk to form the
+whole body, what must be done?
+
+_A._--When the mohair on the silk becomes short, I tie it down on the
+centre of the shank, and tie in the point of the hackle here (see the
+second and third flies in the plate of this process), and apply a little
+more stuff to fill the shoulder, leaving a little of the hook to receive
+the wings.
+
+_Q._--Having tied the hackle on towards the shoulder of the fly, how do
+you strike it in its proper place?
+
+_A._--I hold the hook in my left hand by the bend, and with the right
+take hold of the stem of the hackle and roll it round the shank on its
+back, and tie it down (the fly may be ribbed and hackled from the tail
+like the fourth fly in the plate).
+
+_Q._--The hackle, body, tail, and tinsel now neatly tied, how do you tie
+on the wings?
+
+_A._--I now hold the fly in my left hand by the body, drawing the fibres
+underneath my finger and thumb out of the way, lay on the wings double,
+catch them under the nails of the left and give two laps of the tying
+silk over them, press them down at this place with the right nail divide
+and let the fibres of the hackle spring up between them, cut off the
+roots, lap the silk closely over the head and fasten with two knots (see
+the cock tail at the bottom of this plate).
+
+          _Note._--The wings of this fly were tied on first,
+          as seen, and turned up last; the fuller the fly is
+          at the shoulder the more the wings will stand
+          upright on the back, and it often occurs that
+          when the wings of the fly lie flat on the back,
+          and it happens to be an end fly on the casting
+          line, which is usually under the surface of the
+          water, that the fish takes it for a drowned fly
+          eagerly, and the wings much longer than the bend
+          of the hook, this is not unnatural, as the wings
+          of numbers of the brown and olive flies seen on
+          the water have their wings much longer than the
+          body, and when not on the wing lie flat on their
+          backs.
+
+I will here give a more easy way of making a Trout fly.
+
+_Q._--How do you commence to make the Fly in this way?
+
+_A._--I tie on the wings first, turn them up, tie down the head, and
+finish the fly at the tail.
+
+_Q._--When the wings are tied on first, and turned before you commence
+the body and legs, how do you proceed?
+
+_A._--I take a small hackle to suit the size of the hook, strip off the
+flue, and tie it on by the root at the head, and a piece of tinsel to
+rib the body.
+
+_Q._--Having tied on the hackle thus, what is the next thing to be
+done?
+
+_A._--I draw out a little mohair, twist it tightly round the tying silk,
+roll it down to the tail and fasten it, and roll the tinsel over in like
+manner.
+
+_Q._--The body and tinsel being formed, how is the hackle struck on?
+
+_A._--I take hold of the hackle in my right hand with either my fingers
+or pliers, and roll it over the body to the tail, fasten and cut off the
+ends, tie in a tail and the fly is complete. This is the style of the
+fifth fly in the plate.
+
+_Q._--When a fly is to be made in the above way without wings, called a
+hackle fly, how is it done?
+
+_A._--Having previously tied, I take two hackles of equal size, lay them
+even together, and tie them on by the roots at the end of the shank, and
+then the piece of tinsel to rib it.
+
+_Q._--How do you form the body and tinsel after tying on the hackles?
+
+_A._--I twist a very small quantity of mohair round the silk and roll it
+to the tail, or a peacock's harl, and fasten it there, over this I roll
+the tinsel.
+
+_Q._--As the hackles are a nice point to perform, how are they struck?
+
+_A._--I take hold of the hackles with the pliers at the points, both to
+stand the one way, give two rolls round the shoulder to make it full,
+and proceed with them slantingly on their backs to the tail, let the
+pliers hang with them and roll the tying silk twice over them, cut off
+the superfluous fibres of the hackles, take two running knots, and lay
+on a little varnish to harden the tying, press down the hackles with the
+fingers to slope them towards the tail, and the fly is completed.
+
+_Q._--When you wish to make a larger Salmon Fly, how do you undertake
+it?
+
+_A._--I tie on the hook and gut firmly together, as in Plate I, ON
+SALMON HOOKS, take hold of it by the shank opposite the barb, roll on a
+piece of broad tinsel to tip it, tie on a topping for tail, with a black
+ostrich tag.
+
+_Q._--Having gone thus far, how do you manage the pig hair body?
+
+_A._--Having laid before me two or three colours of pig hair, I roll a
+piece of fine floss silk on first next the tail, I then twist a piece of
+pig hair on the silk, roll it up towards the head, shifting up a little
+and tie, take another piece of hair, and another, and do in like manner
+(see the pig hair body of No. 2, ON SALMON HOOKS).
+
+_Q._--How is the hackle struck on over the body?
+
+_A._-Having held the fly by the shank to form the body, I now turn it
+and hold it by the bend, the hackle and tinsel previously tied in, as in
+Plate II, ON SALMON HOOKS, I roll the tinsel up first and the hackle
+next in rotation with it; Plate V. will show the tinsel rolled over the
+floss silk body, and the hackle ready to roll on.
+
+_Q._--Having rolled on the hackle, and turned a jay hackle over the
+shoulder, how do you proceed with the wing?
+
+_A._--I take two golden pheasant neck feathers and tie them on tightly
+first, then sprig them at each side with various fibres of feathers (see
+the wing in the plate prepared).
+
+_Q._--How do you cover the lump occasioned by the quantity of tying silk
+at the head?
+
+_A._--I draw out a small quantity of pig hair, twist it on the tying
+silk, and roll it over two or three times towards the root of the wings
+tightly, give three knots, lay on a little varnish, cut off the silk,
+and the fly is finished.
+
+_Note._--If you make a pike fly, use large double hooks and gymp, with
+broad tinsel, and make the body full with pig hair, large saddlecock
+hackles for legs, wing them with peacock moon feathers, and add two
+large blue beads over spangles for eyes, and green or red pig hair
+towards the head. Fasten on the beads with fine copper wire, rolling it
+over the head two or three times, and also three times through the eyes,
+and tie down the wire tightly with the silk; roll the pig hair round the
+silk and then over the head and between the beads, fasten it with three
+knots, and lay on the varnish.
+
+These large artificial flies kill pike or jack best on windy days with
+rain; they will not rise at the fly on fine days, except there is a
+strong ripple on the water. You humour the fly on the surface as you
+would move a salmon one, using a strong rod, reel, and line. If he is a
+large fish, he will rush off with the fly when hooked; but, if a small
+one, lift him out when he makes a double quick shake on the top of the
+water. I would advise the fisher to strike a jack quickly, for he often
+throws the fly out of his mouth when he finds the deception.
+
+
+
+
+THE TROUT FLIES FOR THE SEASON.
+
+
+I will now give a description of those flies which will be found most
+killing, as they are imitations of the natural ones that appear in each
+month, so that the fly-fisher may practice with them to very great
+advantage.
+
+The numbers of each correspond with the engravings in the plates of the
+catalogue of flies.
+
+THE TROUT is a game and sportive fish, and affords much amusement to the
+fly-fishers, as well as being generally esteemed the best of our
+fresh-water fishes for the table. The spawning time of the trout is much
+the same as that of the salmon, about October and November, and their
+haunts very similar; they fix upon some gravelly bottom to deposit their
+spawn, in either river or lake, and are never good when big with roe.
+After they have spawned they become lean and wasted, and their beautiful
+spots disappear; in this state they retire to the deep and still parts
+of the river during the winter months. As soon as the weather becomes
+open in February, they begin to leave the deeps and approach the rapid
+streams, where they soon obtain vigour for the summer sport. They
+delight in sandy and rocky beds and pools, into which sharp and swift
+streams run, and under shady banks, behind large stones and in eddies;
+in streams where there are sedges and weeds in the spring of the year.
+In the summer months they get strange, and haunt the deepest parts of
+swift running streams; they are found also at the upper ends of
+mill-pools and weirs, under bridges, and in the return of streams where
+the water boils in deep places. At the decline of the year they resort
+to the tails of streams and deep water.
+
+They are in season from February till the end of September.
+
+These few suggestions may benefit the young angler by giving him an idea
+of knowing where to cast his flies for them.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of 15 Trout-flies.]
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR MARCH.
+
+
+No. 1. THE MARCH BROWN.--The body is made of light brown mohair, mixed
+with a little fur of the hare's neck, and a little yellow mohair, ribbed
+with yellow silk; a small brown partridge hackle for legs (this feather
+is found on the back of the partridge), hen pheasant wing feather for
+the wings, and two fibres of the same bird's tail feather for the tail
+of the fly. No. 8 hook. This fly is well taken by the trout, and
+continues good till the end of April. The following flies appear before
+the March brown, but it being a great favorite, I have given it first.
+
+No. 2. THE EARLY DARK DUN.--The body is made of water-rat's fur, mixed
+with a little red mohair, the red more towards the head, an iron-blue
+dun hackle for legs, and the wings of water-hen or water-rail wing. No.
+9 hook.
+
+There is another variety or two of this fly that kill well in February
+and March, which are as follows: A black red hackle, with the above
+wings and body; a mallard wing, and the above body; a peacock harl
+body, a soot-coloured dun hackle, and a tip of gold. No. 10 hook.
+
+There is a small fly, which I term the "heath fly," which is an
+excellent one in this month, and is made thus: The body is made of the
+fine fur of the belly of the hedgehog, or rat back fur (common rat),
+mixed with red squirrel fur, and a little orange mohair, rolled on thin
+and taper; a small silver grey hackle for legs, and winged with the grey
+tail feather of the partridge. A grey mallard and red squirrel fur makes
+another good fly. No. 10 hook.
+
+No. 3. THE LITTLE BLUE DUN.--The body is made of mole's fur, slightly
+mixed with bright yellow mohair, a light blue dun hackle for legs, and
+starling wings. No. 12 hook. This delicate little fly appears on cold
+days in March, and is well taken by the trout from ten till four in the
+evening, with the little red dun.
+
+No. 4. THE ORANGE DUN.--The body is made of orange and hare's fur, a
+honey dun hackle for legs, and grey mallard wings. No. 10 hook. Good on
+windy days in this month and the next. There should be but little
+hackle used on small flies in the early season, as the fur is sufficient
+or nearly so.
+
+No. 5. THE MARLOW BUZZ.--The body is made of peacock harl, a dun hackle
+over it from the tail, and two dark red ones round the shoulder, rib of
+silver. This fly does best where there are large trees growing over the
+river banks.
+
+No. 6. THE BROWN HACKLE.--The body is made of yellow brown mohair, a
+little orange fox fur, and two short fibred brown-red hackles rolled
+from the tail over the body, and ribbed with gold wire for evening
+fishing. It will be found a good one for large trout in river or lake,
+winged with hen pheasant tail, and forked with two fibres of the same
+feather, hook No. 10 for the small fly, and No. 6 for the larger size.
+
+There is also a small red fly comes on in this month, very killing; the
+body is made of red squirrel's fur, a turn of a red hackle round the
+throat, and grey mallard wings mixed with partridge; hook No. 8.
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR APRIL.
+
+
+No. 7. THE SOLDIER FLY.--The body is made of scarlet-colored mohair,
+ribbed with fine gold twist, and two black-red cock hackles run up over
+the body from the tail, (it is made also with orange floss silk body,
+ribbed with black silk), a small furnace hackle round the throat and a
+darkish starling wing. The dark red furnace hackle has a dark mark round
+the edges.
+
+It may also be made to advantage with peacock harl and black-red hackles
+over it, and tipped with gold. The latter way makes it the "cochybonddu"
+of Wales. It kills best on windy days in general, with the cow-dung fly,
+and partridge hackle.
+
+No. 8. THE CUCKOO HACKLE.--The body is made of peacock's harl, and two
+dark dun hackles, with darkish bars across them, rolled up to the
+throat; give it a tag of yellow green silk, at the end of the tail,
+silver.
+
+The Granam fly may be made thus:--The wings are made of hen pheasant
+wing feather, hare's ear fur for body, and a grizzled cock hackle for
+legs. It is a four-winged fly, and when it flutters on the water it is
+very much like the engraving in the plate; but when it sails down the
+surface, the wings lie flat on its back, and as soon as it touches the
+water it drops its eggs; the trout take it freely for about a week in
+this month, with the gravel or spider fly,--dun body, black hackle, and
+woodcock wings; some use lead-coloured body.
+
+No. 9. THE BLACK PALMER, OR HACKLE.--The body is made of yellow floss
+silk, ribbed with silver tinsel, and two short fibred black hackles
+struck on from the tail to the shoulder. Hook No. 8.--Vary the body of
+this fly with peacock harl without the silver, and it will be a capital
+one for light clear water on No. 12 hook. Use the cow-dung fly on windy
+days, with the above-named one.
+
+No. 10. THE DUN FOX FLY.--The body is made of the fur found on the neck
+of the fox next the skin, mixed with golden yellow mohair. The wings are
+the wing feather of the starling or fieldfare, with two fibres of a
+stiff honey dun cock hackle for tail; pick out the fur a little at the
+shoulder for legs; hook No. 12. Never was there a better little fly
+than this thrown on the water, it will kill fish any day in the year.
+Put on the little black hackle, with peacock harl body with it as a drop
+fly; and when the dun fox is used as a drop fly, put on the March brown
+as a stretcher. There may be seen three shades of this fly on the water
+at the same time occasionally; the other two shades are the ash and blue
+fox,--the first is a very light dun colour of the fox cub's neck or
+face, the other is of a darker blue shade; they are great favorites with
+the trout, artificially; in mild weather throughout the summer, a small
+wren and grouse hackle may be used with them, the bodies made very thin
+and taper, and rather full at the shoulder--the wren with orange mohair
+body, and the grouse with golden yellow floss silk body.
+
+No. 11. THE DUN DRAKE.--The body is made of golden olive mohair, mixed
+with hare's ear fur, the light and dark, and forked with two short
+fibres of brown mallard. The wings are made of land-rail wing, and a
+little brown mallard, mixed nicely together. Hook, No. 9. There is a
+dark red, and a dark dun fly on the water at the same time as the
+dun-drake, all of which will be found good ones till the end of May.
+The Irish name for the dun drake, is "Coughlan,"[A] made thus:--The
+wings, grey partridge tail; the body, light brown bear's fur, with
+bright yellow mohair, hare's fur from the face, mixed altogether, forked
+with two stripes of a dark mallard's feather, and a partridge hackle.
+No. 8 hook. In Ireland they consider this the most useful fly they have
+in April and May, as a stretcher, used with the little dun fox, and
+black-red, (soldier fly).
+
+No. 12. THE STONE FLY.--The body is made of brown mohair ribbed with
+yellow silk, a tuft or tag of yellow mohair or silk at the tail, and a
+little yellow mohair worked in under the shoulder, over which roll the
+hackle, which should be of a brown-red colour; the wings are made of the
+hen pheasant tail mixed with copper brown mallard, made full, and larger
+than the body. No. 6 hook. If this fly is made of good colours, as above
+described, hardly any large trout, in humour of taking, can well refuse
+it. An odd one of them may be seen in March, when the weather is mild;
+but in April and May, when it becomes more congenial to them, they
+appear numerous towards the evening. Ribbed with gold twist, it makes a
+famous grilse fly.
+
+No. 13. THE YELLOW SALLY.--The body is made of buff-colored fur, and a
+small yellow hackle for legs round the head; the wings are made of the
+buff-coloured feather inside the wing of the thrush. No. 13 hook. This
+is the forerunner of the Green Drake or May fly. The trout take this
+little fly freely, and it is a most excellent killer on fine days, if
+made according to the description. It will be found on the water till
+the end of May. The partridge hackle is also good in this month.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of 16 Flies]
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote A: "Taylor's Angler."]
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR MAY.
+
+
+No. 14. THE BLACK GNAT.--The body is made of black hair from the
+spaniel's ear which is fine and soft, or a black ostrich feather clipped
+very close, and a small black hackle for legs; the wings are from the
+starling's wing feather. No. 13 hook. This is a good fly throughout a
+clear day, used as a dropper with the foregoing fly, and wren tail.
+
+It floats on the surface of the water in numbers on sultry days with
+mild showers of rain. It may be varied to advantage with blue silk body.
+
+No. 15. THE LITTLE BROWN MIDGE.--The body is made of brown mohair with a
+shade of orange mohair at the shoulder, two turns of a small brown-red
+hackle for legs; the wings are made of brown mallard and a little strip
+of land-rail mixed. No. 13 hook, snick bend.
+
+There appears to be a variety of small flies on the water with the above
+fly about the middle of the day, dark browns, pea-greens, and dun flies,
+all water insects, which the trout take very freely.
+
+No. 16. THE LITTLE IRON BLUE.--The body is made of a little light
+coloured water-rat's fur mixed with a few hairs of yellow, an iron blue
+coloured dun hackle for legs, and the wings from a blue dun feather to
+be found underneath the wing of a dun hen, or starling wing feather,
+tail it with a dun hackle, two fibres. No. 10 hook. It sails upright on
+its legs on the water, with both tail and wings cocked up, so that it
+would suit best as a bob fly. It will be found a useful fly throughout
+the season, varied a little in shade according to the weather, the
+darker ones on fine clear days.
+
+The Coachman, Oral, and the Governor flies will be found good ones in
+this month towards night, when the beautiful White Moth may be also
+seen.
+
+No. 17. HARE'S EAR AND YELLOW.--The body is made of the light part of
+the fur from the hare's ear, ribbed with yellow silk; the wings are from
+the wing of the starling or fieldfare, and two stiff fibres of honey dun
+cock's hackle, from the rump for tail, to cock up, pick out the fur at
+the head for legs, No. 12 hook. It will kill fish every day in this
+month, and will be found good till the end of July. It may be also
+called the Little Cocktail.
+
+No. 18. THE GREEN DRAKE.--The body of this beautiful fly is made of
+yellow green mohair, the color of a gosling newly come out of the shell,
+and ribbed with yellow-brown silk, a shade of light brown mohair at the
+tail, and a tuft of the same color at the shoulder, picked out between
+the hackle, the whisks of the tail to be of three black hairs of the
+mane of a horse, about three-quarters of an inch long; the hackle to be
+a greenish buff dyed, (dye a silver dun hackle with bars across it
+called a cuckoo), or a light ginger hackle bordering on a yellow. The
+wings, which should be made full, and to stand upright, are made of dyed
+mallard feathers of a greenish buff, or yellowish shade: a brown head of
+peacock harl tied neatly above the wings, No. 6 hook. The wings may be
+made of the ends of two large dyed mallard feathers, with each side
+stripped off, and the beautiful long ends to form the wings, tie them on
+whole back to back, a little longer than the bend of the hook--these
+feathers stand up well and appear very natural in the water; large size
+ones kill well in lakes, with bright yellow mohair bodies and gold twist
+rolled up them; a long honey dun palmer kills well on windy days,
+allowed to sink near the bottom, ribbed with gold twist (see the palmer
+in the plate with double hook). The trout take it no doubt for the
+Creeper or "Cad Bait;" a very small swivel tied on at the head, would
+improve its life-like appearance in the water as you move it with the
+rod; and the larger size one would also do better with a swivel.
+
+No. 19.--THE GREY DRAKE.--The body is made of pale yellow mohair, or
+floss, three fibres of dark mallard for tail, ribbed with brown silk, a
+grizzled dun-cock's hackle for legs, or silver grey; grey mallard for
+wings, and a peacock harl head.
+
+The body should be made taper, and full at the head, it is a capital fly
+on rough days in May and June, and used to advantage on warm evenings.
+The body may be also made of dun fox fur, grey at the ends, a silver
+grey hackle for legs, and forked with three hairs from a fitch's tail;
+the wings grey mallard and widgeon mixed. It is also made of straw body,
+grey cock's hackle, and mallard wings--these two methods are very good.
+They kill well in Scotland, and in Ireland are called the "Grey
+Cochlan." These flies may be seen in "Taylor's Angler."
+
+Mr. Taylor was an angler of no small pretensions, he was very fond of
+the Irish coloured flies, and has adopted many of them as standards for
+Scotland, England, and many rivers in Wales.
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR JUNE.
+
+
+No. 20.--THE GREAT RED SPINNER.--The body is made of red mohair, ribbed
+with fine gold wire, and a red cock hackle for legs; the wings are made
+of brown and grey mallard, the grey underneath; two fibres of stiff
+cock's saddle hackle for tail, No. 6 or 7 hook. The Small Red Spinner is
+made as the above, but instead of mallard use starling wings. It is an
+excellent fly for a dark evening in June and July, with the furnace
+hackle.
+
+No. 21.--THE ALDER FLY.--The body is made of brown coloured peacock
+harl, a black-red cock hackle for legs, the wings are made of hen
+pheasant tail feathers, hook No 6. There is another way or two of making
+this fly which cannot be beaten, they are mostly used in Ireland, and
+are known to be killers in England and Scotland. The body is made of
+bronze brown mohair, a very small brown grouse hackle round the head,
+and the wings from a brown spotted hen's wing, No. 8 hook. The other is
+made with grey and red partridge tail mixed for wings, a copper brown
+peacock harl body, and a dark brown red hackle off a cock's neck for
+legs. The legs may be also made of the wren's tail or woodcock hackle,
+this feather is found on the roots of the outside of the wings of the
+woodcock. These are good flies in lakes or rivers for large trout--rib
+with gold for lakes.
+
+No. 22.--THE SAND FLY.--The body is made of the sandy coloured fur from
+the hare's pole, mixed with orange mohair, and a small ginger coloured
+cock's hackle for legs; the wings are made of a sandy coloured brown
+hen's wing, No. 10 hook. An excellent little fly on fine days with a
+little wind and occasional showers.
+
+There is another little fly that will be found equally good, made
+thus:--the wings are made of red and grey partridge tail feathers,
+orange body, and black-red hackle rolled up from the tail to the head,
+it will kill well on dark days, ribbed with gold, No. 8 hook.
+
+No. 23.--THE WHITE MOTH.--The body is made of white mohair, which is
+lively ribbed with orange floss, a white cock's hackle rolled round the
+shoulder; the wings from a white feather of the swan that grows over
+the back. It may be varied with cream coloured mohair, very light ginger
+hackle, and a buff wing from a hen of that colour; and a browner one may
+be made from a matted brown hen's wing, or light brown grouse tail, or
+large hackle off the rump of the same bird, brown-red cock's hackle, the
+whole to be made full, of good coloured and stiff materials, that they
+may not absorb the water, and alight heavy when thrown on the surface.
+
+No. 24. THE OAK FLY.--The body is made of orange silk, and a little
+hare's ear fur under the shoulder, rib it with a furnace hackle from the
+centre of the body up (if the hackles are tied on at the tail they are
+very apt to get cut with the teeth of the fish in a very short time).
+The wings may be made from the mottled brown hen, or the woodcock wings,
+of a red tinge. No. 8 hook. This fly cannot be too highly valued for its
+killing qualities. It will be found useful for large trout of a windy
+day with a grey cloud over head, and not likely to rain. "Mr. Bowlker,"
+in his "Art of Angling," mentions the oak fly in this manner: "The oak,
+ash, woodcock, cannon, or down-hill fly, comes on about the sixteenth of
+May, and continues on till about a week in June; it is to be found on
+the butts of trees, with its head always downwards, which gives it the
+name of the down-hill fly. It is bred in oak-apples, and is the best of
+all flies for bobbing at the bush in the natural way, and a good fly for
+the dab-line, when made artificially." The wings are made from a feather
+out of the wing of the partridge or woodcock, the body with a bittern's
+feather, and the head with a little of the brown part of hare's fur. The
+hook, No. 6. Some dub it with an orange, tawny, and black ground, and
+with blackish wool and gold twist; the wings off the brown part of a
+mallard's feather.
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR JULY.
+
+
+No. 25.--THE GREAT WHIRLING DUN.--The body is made of water-rat's fur,
+mixed with yellow mohair, and ribbed with yellow silk; a reddish blue
+dun hackle for legs; grey mallard wings, or starling--try both. No. 8
+hook. There are two or three varieties of this fly, which make their
+appearance in this month, and are very killing on fine, mild days, with
+occasional showers; their colours run from a dark to a light sky-blue.
+
+"Mr. Bowlker," in his "Art of Angling," an authority which I like, as he
+was himself a fisherman, speaks thus of one of these beautiful flies:
+"It comes on about the end of May, and continues till the middle of
+July. It is a neat, curious, and beautiful fly; its wings are
+transparent, stand upright on its back, and are of a fine blue colour,
+its body is of a pale yellow, its tail forked, and the colour of its
+wings. It is a fly that the fishes take extremely well from seven
+o'clock in the evening till sun-set. The wings are made from the light
+blue feather of a hen; the body is made with pale yellow mohair, mixed
+with light blue fur, and ribbed with a fine cock's hackle, dyed yellow,
+the hook, No. 8." This is taken from "Bowlker's" original work.
+
+No. 26. THE LITTLE PEACOCK FLY.--The body is made of bright brown
+peacock's harl, with a tip of gold at the tail, or gold colour floss
+silk; a red hackle for legs, and a starling wing. This little fly comes
+on about the middle of July, and continues till the end of August. It
+may be used to advantage on fine days, with the blue dun, and cinnamon
+brown. I have seen this latter fly on the river "Mole," in August, of a
+fine brown colour, and plump in the body, about the size of the Great
+Whirling Dun. The body was red brown, the legs an amber brown, the wings
+were a mottled light brown, and the tail of the same colour as the
+wings. I have seen the above fly some time after on the "Bann," in the
+north of Ireland, a river six times the size of the Mole, not half the
+size, in August. This circumstance of the difference in size, must be
+the nature of the soil through which the rivers flow; the "Bann" is a
+gravelly bed, full of large stones, with a very fall strong running
+stream; the "Mole" not so. It is my opinion that in the summer months
+there is more sport to be had with flies as small as can be made, than
+with the general run, except late in the evening, then use a large
+fly--a brown, or white moth, where a large fish shows himself.
+
+No. 27. THE BLUE BLOW.--The body is made of mole's fur mixed with yellow
+mohair, run very taper from the tail up; the wings are made of a
+tom-tit's tail feather, or water hen; the tail is two hairs of a mouse's
+whisker, or fibres of dark dun hackle; the body is picked out a little
+at the head to imitate legs; the fly altogether to be made very small
+and delicate, hook No. 13. These little flies may be seen on good size
+rivers in hundreds, in the summer on sultry days; where there is a stone
+projecting out of the water they gather round it, and with the motion
+are carried up and down on the side of the stone, where large trout lie,
+like ant bears, sucking them in by the dozen; the wing of the water-rail
+is capital to imitate that of the fly. There is another excellent
+killing fly that may be used with the above, made thus;--body, gold
+colour mohair; tip of gold; woodcock or wren hackle for legs; grey
+partridge tail for wrings; and two fibres of the same for tail; No. 10
+hook. They are good where the river is low, and are excellent till the
+end of August, used with the little brown fly, and ash fox.
+
+There are also three little flies which are very good in this month and
+the next, and although they are not very well known by name,
+nevertheless they will be found killing. First, the "Orange Wren," with
+orange mohair body, and wren tail hackle. Second, the "Golden Wren,"
+with golden yellow mohair body, and wren tail hackle for legs. Third,
+the "Green Wren," with green floss body, and wren tail for legs. The
+Brown Wren, and the little Peacock Wren, are also good. No. 13 hook. The
+latter little fly is called the "Shiner."
+
+No. 28. THE YELLOW DUN.--The body is made of light buff-coloured fur,
+white sable far dyed yellow, and a honey dun cock's hackle for legs; two
+fibres of the same feather for tail; the wings are made of starling wing
+feather. No. 12 hook. This pretty little fly is a great favourite with
+the trout in the evenings of sultry days, till the end of August and
+September.
+
+
+
+
+FLIES FOR AUGUST.
+
+
+No. 29. THE RED DUN.--The body is made of red orange hair, over which
+roll a small dun hackle; the wings are a dun grey, and are made of
+starling wing feather, mixed with a little mallard. No. 10 hook. It may
+be varied thus: Red legs and dun body; orange floss body, over which
+roll a black hackle, and starling wing. The size of hook to vary from
+No. 10 to No. 7.
+
+This is an excellent fly in rapid streams where there are large trout;
+it is so attractive that they cannot refuse it when it moves over them.
+Trout that lie or haunt strong streams, are called, in Ireland,
+"Hunters." The cause is, no doubt, through their being thin and long in
+the body, and are possessed with enormous mouths to take in their prey.
+They take small trout freely.
+
+No. 30. THE ANT FLY.--The body is made of brown floss silk, and a small
+fibred peacock harl at tail; a brown red hackle for legs, and wings of
+starling feather. No. 10 hook.
+
+There is a black ant the same size as the above, and a red and black one
+much larger; the black one is made of black floss for the body, small
+black hackle for legs, and a blackbird's wing for the wings of the fly.
+The small ones kill on fine days, and the larger ones when there is a
+strong wind, which blows them on the water, and causes a ripple.
+
+No. 31. THE CAPERER.--The body is made of brown mohair, or floss silk of
+a copper colour, and tipped with gold at the tail; a brown red cock's
+hackle at the shoulder for legs, and winged with the woodcock wing
+feather. No. 8 hook. This fly may be seen on fine sultry days whirling
+up and down over the water, and occasionally dipping on the surface; the
+trout take them very freely. This fly will be found on the water till
+the end of September, with the paler dun, yellow dun, blue dun, and
+willow fly. The greyling also like these little flies.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of Larvas and Green Drakes.]
+
+THE WINGED LARVA.--The body is made of brown mohair; the larva is
+attached to this body at the shoulder, and tailed with two fibres of
+golden pheasant neck feather, a woodcock hackle round the shoulder, and
+winged with hen pheasant tail, mixed with a little woodcock or partridge
+tail feather, and a bronze peacock head. No. 8 hook. It will be found a
+good fly on dark windy days in this month and the next, and during the
+prevalence of winds from the east; it will do best where a strong rapid
+stream runs into a deep pool.
+
+A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE WINGED LARVA:--The body is made of bright golden
+yellow mohair, which looks very transparent; a woodcock wing, and a
+hackle off the same bird, with two fibres of golden pheasant neck
+feather for tail. No. 8 hook.
+
+THE WILLOW FLIES.--The body of the first is made of blue squirrel's fur,
+mixed with a little yellow mohair; a blue dun cock's hackle round the
+shoulder, and a tomtit wing. No. 8 hook. The second fly is made of
+orange silk body, ribbed with fine black silk; a very dark furnace
+hackle round the head, and blackbird's wing. No. 10 hook. The third fly
+is made of the wings or blue feather of the sea-swallow, for the wing of
+the fly, and the lightest blue fur that can be got for body (the fine
+blue of the fox's neck, next to the skin; the fur of a very young
+water-rat, or the lightest blue fur of the squirrel); a light dun cock's
+hackle, and a tail of the same. No. 10 hook. These little flies will
+kill till the end of October, and are excellent fur greyling. There are
+hundreds of other flies that make their appearance on the water through
+the summer months, which come under the angler's notice when in pursuit
+of his pastime, that may be imitated to advantage, the varieties of
+which must fill the mind with admiration.
+
+
+
+
+FISHING RODS AND FLY FISHING.
+
+
+For a trout rod, to have a good balance from the butt to the extreme
+top, it is essentially necessary that the wood should be well-seasoned,
+straight in the grain, and free from knots and imperfections. It should
+consist of three or four joints, according to fancy. There is not the
+least occasion for a rod to be glued up in pieces first, and then cut
+into lengths and fitted with ferrules, for then you have the unnecessary
+trouble of lapping the splices, but it is best to clean each piece
+separately, and measure the exact taper each piece should be to one
+another with the ferrules to fit in the same proportion, the least thing
+wider at the lower end than at the top; the ends to be bored for the
+tongues to fit into tightly to prevent shaking, that when they are
+double brazed they may fit air-tight.
+
+The ends must be bored previous to planing down the substance of the
+pieces, and tied round with waxed thread to prevent them from opening or
+cracking, so that these pieces may be pushed into each end of the
+boring whilst the rod is planed up to its proper substance or size,
+except the tops, which should be well glued-up pieces of bamboo cane,
+and filed down to their proper sizes to suit the other parts of the rod;
+this may be also done by fastening the tongue of the top in the bored
+joint next in size. The butt should be made of ash, the middle piece of
+hickory, and the top of bamboo, which is the lightest and toughest of
+all woods that can be brought to so fine a consistency. The length of
+the rod for single-hand fly fishing should be from twelve to thirteen
+feet long--a length which may be used with great facility without tiring
+the arm. The butt should be easy in the grasp and not a great deal of
+timber in it; the next piece to be nearly as stout as the butt above the
+ferrule for a foot and a half, this prevents its being weak at that
+particular part, which otherwise would cause the rod to be limber in the
+middle; the next or fourth piece to be stiffer and lighter in the wood
+to keep up the top; the whole rod to stand nearly straight up when held
+in the hand, and to have a smart spring above, which assists materially
+in getting out the line when throwing. The splices of the tops should
+be tightly bound over with the finest silk, well waxed, and over all
+three or four coats of good varnish that is not liable to crack. You
+cannot bind the splices tight enough with coarse three-cord silk, the
+top being so small it cannot be drawn together near so well as with fine
+silk, and when the varnish rubs off it opens and admits the water, which
+loosens the glued splice inside. The fine waxed silk is to be preferred
+by all means, as it lies closer on the wood, becomes harder, and makes
+the splice stiffer to work with the other parts.
+
+When the whole is ringed, ferruled, and fitted for the reel complete, it
+should not (a twelve foot) exceed one pound; it will afford great
+comfort to the fly fisher in his innocent pursuit, and will not fatigue
+him during a long summer day. The reel should be light, in proportion to
+the rod, and to contain thirty yards of silk and hair line made fine and
+taper, and when the rod is grasped in the hand a little way above the
+reel, the balance should be the same above the hand as below it, so that
+it may be used with the greatest ease.
+
+The beautiful rent and glued-up bamboo-cane fly rods, which I turn out
+to the greatest perfection, are very valuable, as they are both light
+and powerful, and throw the line with great facility. The cane for these
+rods must be of the very best description, or they will not last any
+time. They will last for years if properly made, and of course the
+fisher must take care of them; they are best when made into pocket rods,
+in eight joints, with all the knots cut out, and the good pieces between
+each knot rent and glued up; these may be had in my shop of as good a
+balance as a three-joint rod, most superbly made of the lightest
+brazings. They make capital perch and roach rods with a bait top added
+to the extra fly top, with bored butt to hold all. These rods can be
+made to suit a lady's hand for either boat or fly fishing.
+
+The salmon rod should be made in four pieces or joints. The butt of the
+best long grained solid ash, the wood of which is not so heavy as
+hickory, and is not liable to break at the ferrule, that is, if the
+ferrule is put on "flush," without letting it into the wood by scoring
+it; the piece above the butt, and the joint next the top, should be of
+the very best well-seasoned hickory, without crack or flaw; the tops to
+be made of the best yellow bamboo cane, either rent and glued up in
+three pieces, or spliced in short lengths with the knots cut away; the
+first joint to be nearly as stout as the substance of the wood above the
+ferrule as the end of the butt for a foot and a half, to prevent the rod
+being limber in the middle; the next joint that holds the top should be
+very smart, and come up at a touch when bent with the hand, and the
+extreme lightness of the cane top prevents all appearance of its being
+top-heavy, which cannot be prevented with lance-wood, unless it is made
+very fine indeed, and then it becomes useless. The length of the rod
+should not exceed seventeen or eighteen feet long, and for light rivers,
+sixteen feet is quite long enough; if the angler fly fishes for salmon
+from a boat, fourteen feet will be sufficient, made, of course, very
+powerful throughout, as in some large rivers a salmon will take the fly
+close to the boat in strong and deep streams. The rings should be pretty
+large, to admit of the line running freely, and the joints double
+brazed, which prevents the bare wood of the tongues twisting off when
+the rod is taken to pieces after a day's fishing, particularly when they
+get wet. The reel fittings should be about a foot and a half, or say
+twenty inches from the extreme end, that there may be room for the left
+hand to grasp it easily below the reel, which prevents the rod hanging
+heavy on the arms, and will balance it much better than having the reel
+too near the end of the butt. When the salmon rod is bent after playing
+a fish, it can be easily straightened by turning it when the next fish
+is hooked, and allow the line to run through the rings on the top of the
+rod; by holding it in that position, you can see how you are winding up
+the line on the reel, and regulate it according as the fish runs towards
+you, for if the reel is held underneath when the fish is on, if he runs
+towards you, it cannot be seen whether the line runs on in a lump or
+not, which, if it does, often causes it to stop, and may occasion the
+loss of your fish.
+
+The most essential and nicest point of all is in casting the line and
+trout flies neatly on the water, which, when properly accomplished in a
+masterly way, will be the greatest means towards the success of the fly
+fisher in hooking and catching his fish. In the first place, the fisher
+should keep as far off the water as possible when throwing next his own
+side, and make it a rule, whenever he can, to angle on the bank from
+which the wind blows, as it will enable him to throw the flies across to
+the opposite bank, and play them gently down the stream in a slanting
+direction towards him, moving backwards as they approach his side,
+drawing them up along the bank if the stream is any ways deep, as a
+trout of good size is often lying in such a place when undisturbed, as
+you fish cautiously down.
+
+The line should not be let off the reel too fast when you begin to
+throw, that the stream may be carefully covered near you, and as you
+move along let it off so as to cover the whole of the water. Hold the
+rod firmly above the reel in the right hand, and take hold of the end of
+the casting line in the left, give it a motion towards your left
+shoulder, and over the head with a circle to the full length of the
+flies behind you, and with a spring of the rod and motion of the arm
+bring them right before you on to the stream, as straightly and lightly
+as possible, and by this method you will prevent them whipping off
+behind in a very short time; allow the line always to stretch to its
+full length behind, and keep them on the move, with the backward sweep
+of the rod round the head propel them forward to the place you desire
+they should fall, and I do not doubt that you will make neither splash
+nor ripple on the surface. And when a fish makes a rise, move the rod
+upwards with a gentle pull, which is better than striking hard, as the
+small hook is easily driven, and there is no occasion to break the hold
+or line. Never hold too hard on a large fish, but let him run if he
+will, a small one may be landed immediately. By no means attempt to go
+"an angling" without a landing net, as there may be danger in losing
+your fish, after having the trouble or sport of playing him a long time,
+and the bank high on your side. I have been always in the habit of
+fishing down the stream, throwing my flies slantingly to the opposite
+bank, and letting them fall gradually with the current, and walking
+slowly along lifting and throwing them at my leisure--it is all fancy
+whether up or down you go, so as it is well done--what you have
+habituated yourself to in fly fishing in general, that do. Keep your
+shadow as much as possible off the water, and when you land your fish
+let his head drop into the net first, and his whole weight will follow,
+lift him clean up on the bank with a pull of the net towards you, as
+this prevents him dropping out.
+
+
+
+
+FLY-FISHING FOR SALMON.
+
+
+When you begin fly-fishing for Salmon, you must be careful not to let
+out too much of the reel line first, but when you become accustomed to
+it, and are master of throwing a short one, let it out gradually till
+you are enabled to cover the pool over which you cast with ease.
+
+If you practice throwing over a smooth wide part of the river, you will
+see how your line falls on the water, whether thrown in a lump, or light
+and straight without a splash; but at one time you may cast the line
+right out over the stream at its full length, and on giving another cast
+you may allow the line to fall on the water in the middle of it first,
+and the fly to fall last, which is not so good, but in either way the
+fish will rise and take it; by the last cast you may get the line
+farther off, and the fly alighting near the opposite bank, it is very
+apt to be taken by a fish lying close under it; and when throwing, keep
+the point of the rod up out of the water, and do not let it strike it;
+throw across in a rather slanting direction, allowing the fly to sweep
+down without a curve in the middle of the line, and at the same time
+move the rod playfully to give the fly a life-like appearance; drawing
+it in towards your side of the bank, moving it up and down gradually
+with the current, and when a fish takes the fly raise your hand, and
+fasten the hook without a jerk, holding up your rod at the same time
+with what is termed a "sweet fast," that it may not get slack at any
+time till you have killed him; when you poise the rod in your hands for
+a throw, the whole knack is in keeping the left hand steady, and with a
+turn of the right hand cause the line to make a circle round the left
+shoulder and over the head, propel it forward with the spring of the
+rod, keeping the fly going all the time till it falls on the water
+before you as straight as possible; when you lift the fly out of the
+water to throw again, you require to make use of the strength of the
+right arm, giving it the proper turn round with the wrist, making a
+sweep of the extent of the line behind you, and with the spring and
+power of the rod direct the fly on that part of the stream where you
+desire it should fall; letting the line out occasionally off the reel
+with your hand, which gives the fly a very natural motion on the water,
+moving it gradually down towards your side, when you lift the line out
+and make another throw as before a little lower down, and so on until
+you cover the whole stream.
+
+You may change to the left hand when you are tired with the right, or
+according to the side you are fishing from, to facilitate and ease your
+exertion as much as possible when throwing a long line. When I have
+happened to be in a barn at a farm house on the river side, I have often
+thought when taking up the flail to thrash awhile, whilst the man was
+resting himself, that the exertion was remarkably like throwing the fly
+with the Salmon rod, the whole method appears to be in the turn of the
+wrist and arm, for when the flail is raised up and wound over the left
+shoulder, with a certain impulse known to one's self you propel it
+forward over the head, striking the sheaf on the ground with full force
+on any part you like, where you think there are any ears in it.
+
+Many may not be acquainted with flail thrashing, but were they to
+understand the knack, it is easily done; so, also, is the using of the
+salmon rod, with a little practice, and observing a good thrower if you
+happen to meet one on the river, or an old fisherman you employ.
+
+Keep yourself steady on your feet, and your body well up when casting,
+as it gives more power to the muscles, and when a salmon is fairly
+hooked it will prevent your being nervous or striking too quick, but as
+I said before, rise your hand and keep the line taut; as the fish will
+often rise several times out of the water in succession when first
+pricked with the hook, on finding himself detained; when he runs keep
+the rod nearly perpendicular, as the spring of it will soon tire him
+out; if he is a good way off and makes a rush towards you, wind up your
+line quickly, keeping it taut at the same time, and moving backwards
+till he is near your own shore: if he rolls over in the water apply the
+gaff and lift him out, but if he is not regularly beat he will rush off
+again on seeing the gaff with great strength, give in he must at last
+by the gentle strain of the rod that is always upon him. He often gets
+sulky, and lies down on the bottom of the river, when it will be found
+difficult to start him again: a clearing ring let down the line on his
+nose will cause him to run, and when he does so, it is best to bear
+stronger upon him, as in so doing you have the best chance of quickly
+tiring and capturing him. I think it the best plan to lay the gaff under
+him, and gaff him in the gills, which prevents tearing or making a hole
+in the fish.
+
+The Salmon reel should be made of the lightest and hardest material, not
+too much contracted, but a good width, that the line may be wound up
+evenly without incumbrance; a plain upright handle is much the safest
+when playing a fish, as the portable ones are apt to crack or snap off
+if they meet the least obstruction in the running out of the line; and
+the portable handle stands too far out, which catches the line almost
+every time it is drawn off or a cast given. Small reels may be made with
+portable handles, without any fear of their breaking, as the fish are
+small and can be managed easily.
+
+The salmon line should be of silk and hair eight-plait or four-plait,
+eighty or a hundred yards long, and for small rivers, sixty yards for a
+sixteen feet rod. The casting line for clear waters should be half
+treble and half single gut, to suit grilse or small salmon flies in
+summer; and in the spring of the year when large flies are in use, good
+strong-twisted gut, three yards long, is what is necessary for a heavy
+reel line, particularly in large rivers, as the Shannon and the Bann in
+Ireland, and the Tweed in Scotland.
+
+There are not three better Salmon Rivers in the world than the above,
+were the salmon allowed access into them during the summer months for
+the amusement of those great angling gentlemen who would visit them
+during that period, or even if there were but a few let up past the
+"cruives" or "cuts," that there might be a sprinkling for them to throw
+flies over. It would not matter to them what nets the fishermen along
+the shores of the estuaries used, as they only affect the "Cruives," or
+"Fixed Traps" built across the rivers, as of course less fish run into
+them, and there would be abundance of salmon and grilse go up the
+centre or deep part of the river, which the fishermen could not possibly
+reach.
+
+These "Traps" are kept down all the summer, from the early spring till
+the end of August, at which period they are what is termed "lifted," and
+up run the spawning fish; and the great fly fishers now lay by their
+rods and tackle for that season, as fly fishing is prohibited when the
+salmon are spawning in the rivers. There is certainly a respite in the
+Tweed, when the nets are taken off at the end of the season for the
+accommodation of the fly fisher; and were it so in the Shannon and the
+Bann, there would be very great satisfaction in having a month or six
+weeks' fishing in these splendid rivers. They are certainly free
+throughout the summer to the fly fisher, but he might labour a whole day
+with his rod and fly without getting a rise, except by chance.
+
+There will never be any good done until the "cruives" or "cuts" are
+removed off the rivers, unless the head landlord would make an agreement
+with the renter of the "cruive," and enforce it as a law,--to lift the
+"cruive" two days in the week, that there might be fish in the rivers
+for the accommodation of the great body of gentlemen anglers who make
+it their business to travel to these rivers to find amusement in Fly
+Fishing, at very great expense; although I do not know if even this
+would do,--it would be best by all means to remove them; and,
+independent of fair netting for the general supply at the mouths and
+estuaries, a Society of Anglers could rent the entire river, were the
+owner to meet them on liberal terms which no doubt he would, and this
+would prevent the destruction by degrees of the best breeding-fish in
+the river.
+
+
+
+
+AN ACCOUNT OF THE SALMON, AND ITS VARIETIES.
+
+
+I desire merely to give some account of this beautiful fish for the
+information of my readers, the knowledge of which has come under my own
+notice, in the rivers of Ireland in particular, amongst the fishermen at
+their mouths, at the "cruives" or "cuts," and throughout my rambles
+along their banks.
+
+This excellent salmon is a very handsome fish, the head is small, the
+body rather long and covered with bright scales, the back is of a bluish
+shade, the other parts white, and marked with irregular dark brown spots
+on the head, the covers of the gills, down each side from the lateral
+lines to near the edge of the back, very few are to be seen below the
+lines which run from head to tail; the tail is forked.
+
+He takes great delight in pursuing small fish and fry, and in playing
+and jumping on the top of the water, at insects no doubt, and for his
+own sport.
+
+It has been often said that there was never any thing found in the
+salmon's stomach such as edibles, but it has been recently discovered
+that they prey upon herrings, sprats, fry, and other dainties in their
+native element; and as these fish are very nutritious and fat in
+themselves, no doubt the nourishing channel in them receives the
+substance of the food very quickly, as it appears to be digested so
+rapidly in their stomachs. He leaves the sea for the fresh water rivers
+about January and February, and continues to run up till September and
+October, their spawning time, and some spawn after this time; they are
+often big with roe in December and January, in the end of August or the
+beginning of September; when they are in roe regularly, they cannot be
+in proper season; they get soft, their beautiful color and spots vanish,
+and they do not appear like the same fish. They travel up rivers as far
+as they can possibly get, into lakes and their feeders, and tributaries
+of large rivers, where they take delight in the broad gravelly fords,
+and strong deep running currents, which they like to be as clear as
+crystal, to effect which they will leap over weirs, waterfalls, "cuts,"
+"cruives," and "traps," when there is a flood rushing over them, to the
+great delight of the fly fisher, who loves to see them run and escape
+these obstructions.
+
+The male fish is supplied by nature with a hard gristly beak on the end
+of the under jaw, which fits into a socket in the upper jaw to a nicety;
+with this the Salmon go to work with their heads up stream, rising their
+tails sometimes nearly perpendicular, and root up the sand and gravel in
+heaps, leaving a hollow between, wherein the female deposits the eggs;
+the male fish still performing his part, chasing away the large trout
+that are ready to root it up (the spawn), he covers it over
+substantially against the forthcoming winter's floods and storms. By
+this time he becomes wearied, spent, and sickly, and then turns himself
+round and makes head for the sea, where, if once happily arrived, he
+soon makes up for the debility in his blue, his fresh, and ever free
+element. The refreshing and purging nature of the salt water soon makes
+him once more strong and healthy, he may be seen leaping and playing in
+the sea near the river's mouth on his recovery. I have been told by
+fishermen that they proceed in shoals to the ice fields in the North
+Seas, and return to the rivers and estuaries in the spring and summer
+as they departed, in large shoals; they discover themselves in the bays
+by jumping out of the water as they near the river.
+
+The Salmon haunts the deepest, strongest, and most rapid rivers, and is
+rarely to be seen in those wherein there is much traffic, or that are
+sullen or muddy. They prefer the upper parts of rough streams that run
+into large pools, and the tails of these pools, behind large stones, in
+the middle and at sides of waterfalls in the eddies, these are the parts
+to throw for them, but the fisherman on the water will show the angler
+all the best places. The best months to angle for them are from March
+till the middle of August, after September they are out of season. They
+will take the fly best from six or seven o'clock in the morning till
+nine, and from three in the afternoon till dark, with a good wind
+blowing up stream. I have hooked them on the very top of a precipice,
+after surmounting the leap, where they lie to rest in the first deep
+pool they come to; they generally run down over the rocks or falls of
+water to the pool beneath, when they often get killed by the rapid
+descent.
+
+
+
+
+THE SALMON FRY.
+
+
+These beautiful little fish, the production of the spawn of the salmon,
+make their appearance in March and April, and if a flood happens to rise
+or swell the rivers about the end of the latter month, they are taken
+down in great numbers, till at last they enter the brackish water, where
+they grow in a short time as large as white trout. The salt water adds
+much to their growth. In the following spring and summer they run up the
+rivers in great quantities if they are allowed, and return to the sea
+again before winter. On their second return up the rivers they will be
+grown very large, and are then called "Grilse," or "Peals," &c.
+
+There is a SALMON TROUT of the same species, which is rounder in
+proportion to the Salmon, of a reddish hue when in season; it has small
+fine scales, beautifully intermixed with rich red and black spots on
+both sides of the lateral lines, from head to tail, and its handsome
+head is spotted over, as also the covers of the gills; the tail is
+shorter, and not so much forked as the salmon, and the fins are very
+strong. The flesh is most delicious, and some prefer it to salmon. They
+may be seen in the Fishmongers' shops from May till the end of August.
+
+Another species is the Sewen of Wales, the White Trout of Ireland and
+England, and the Whiting of Scotland; they are very bright in colour,
+and run about the size of Mackerel; they haunt the roughest, strong
+streams, and gravelly bottoms. When they are hooked on the fly they will
+spring repeatedly out of the water, and afford pleasant sport for the
+angler. They take small gaudy flies like the Salmon Trout, and when the
+water is low, dun flies, black hackle flies with silver ribs, and grouse
+hackles of a light brown colour and yellow bodies. The hooks about Nos.
+6 and 8.
+
+Another species is the Bull-Trout, which has a short thick head, and a
+brownish body, covered with spots of a brown colour, and are found in
+all rivers having communication with the sea, and their tributaries, if
+there are no obstructions to prevent their running up. They are found
+running up the rivers in June and July, and in these months and August,
+are in good season. They are rather a dry fish.
+
+The PAR or LAST-SPRING are most plentiful in salmon rivers from May till
+the end of August, and are very much like the salmon fry, only for the
+dark bars across them, and towards the end of the season they are
+variously marked. There is no little fish so plump and lively when taken
+with the fly, except the Salmon Fry. As the Sea-Trout are known to grow
+to the weight of sixteen and twenty pounds in large rivers, such as the
+Tweed, the Shannon, and the Bann, the Par may be the fry of these fish,
+which run up the rivers in the spring and summer. These Sea-Trout differ
+much in shape and colour to the real Salmon, and are what are termed
+Salmon in the London markets.--This I heard from a fisherman at the
+mouth of the Tweed, who pointed out a large creel full to me, just taken
+in the nets, and amongst the whole there was but one Salmon. The
+Sea-Trout may be known by being paler, and covered with more spots, and
+by being longer and thinner in the body; the head is also much longer.
+
+There is a rich golden hue over the Salmon when you get a side look of
+it; the body is plump and boar-backed, the head is very small, and
+there are few spots, except above the lateral lines.
+
+I have seen the Par so numerous in the River Dovey, in Wales, that a man
+(a guide), took my salmon rod, and a cast of four small flies, the sun
+shining, and in two hours he killed nine pounds weight of these fish,
+about a finger in length or less. It perfectly surprised me; but it
+seems that this was but a small quantity in comparison to what the
+fishers were in the habit of taking out in a day. It appeared so, as the
+inn-keeper's wife potted them in large jars. These rivers abound with
+Sewen, Sea-Trout, and White Trout; the first-named fish is the White
+Trout of Wales, which corresponds with the Irish fish of that name, and
+called in Wales, Sewen. The Par may be the fry of these fish, which are
+of the Salmon species, and ought to be protected by law.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of Gaudy Flies, Nos. 1, 2, 3]
+
+
+
+
+A DESCRIPTION OF THE FIFTEEN SALMON FLIES ENGRAVED IN THE PLATES.
+
+
+These fifteen Salmon Flies may be considered by my readers as specimens
+of real perfection, and the "dons" of the present time amongst the great
+Salmon fishers. There is such a combination of colours in them
+throughout, that they will be found most killing in the rivers of
+Scotland and Ireland, if made on hooks of sizes to suit each, and their
+proper seasons.
+
+I have taken the greatest pains imaginable to make them in proportion,
+and of the most choice materials, which will greatly amuse the amateur
+in his leisure hours to imitate them, and if he goes by the models, and
+their descriptions, he will find them, when completed, what may be
+termed by a Salmon fisher, magnificent. Their life-like and alluring
+appearance, when humoured attractively with the rod and line, will cause
+them to be very deceptive to the Salmon, and they will rise out of the
+water at them with such greediness (the fun of it is) as to mistake
+them for living insects. I have seen them swim after the fly for some
+distance, as quietly as possible, before making a rush at it, then seize
+it, show their back fin, and then the points of their tail--the break of
+the water they have made closes--you "rise your hand," and the hook is
+"anchored."
+
+No. 1. I shall name this THE SPIRIT FLY, in consequence of its
+numerously-jointed body, its fanciful, florid, and delicate appearance.
+Its colours will be found most enticing to the fish, and is a sister fly
+to Ondine, in the "Book of the Salmon," by "Ephemera."
+
+The wings are made of six toppings, with a broad strip of wood duck on
+each side, a red Hymalaya crest feather at top, a cock of the rock
+feather, blue kingfisher feather at each side, a black head, and feelers
+of macaw. The body is made of joints of black, orange floss, and a tip
+of gold tinsel at the tail, tail two small toppings, a tag of puce silk
+and ostrich, (it must be tied with very fine silk that the body may not
+be lumpy, but to show gradually taper from the tail to the head, and the
+hackle to be stripped at one side to roll even), and at each joint a
+scarlet hackle, with a tip of gold tinsel under each joint, to make it
+lively looking. There is a purple hackle, or very dark blue, struck
+round the shoulder. The size of the hook is No. 6 or 7. Salmon, B or BB.
+
+No. 2. The wings are composed of golden pheasant tail feather, mixed
+with the following: strips of bustard, scarlet macaw, wood-duck,
+mallard, yellow macaw body feather, silver pheasant, and a topping over
+all, extending a little longer than the other feathers; blue and yellow
+macaw feelers. The wing, as above, should be laid out on a piece of
+paper, ready to tie on after the body and legs are formed, the jay
+rolled over the head in this fly, and the head tied on last, of black
+ostrich. The tail is a topping, mixed with a strip of wood-duck feather,
+tipped with silver twist, a tag of gold-colour floss, and black ostrich;
+the body puce floss to the centre, and the remainder orange pig hair or
+mohair, ribbed with broad silver tinsel, and a guinea-hen rump feather
+rolled over the orange beneath the jay hackle. This is about as fine a
+specimen of a Salmon fly as ever was thrown into the water, and will
+kill Salmon and Grilse, made small, in every Salmon river in Great
+Britain. The hook No. 6 or 9, Limerick.
+
+The best Irish hooks are numbered from No. 1, largest Salmon size, to
+No. 10, Sea-Trout size.
+
+No. 3. This is another of the Spirit Flies that kill so well in the
+rivers of Ireland and Scotland, at high water, particularly the Spey and
+Tweed. The wings are made of the following mixtures of feathers, each
+side of the wings to be alike: Brown mallard, bustard and wood-duck; a
+topping, scarlet macaw, teal, golden pheasant neck feather, a strip of
+yellow macaw, and feelers of blue and yellow tail; a head of black
+ostrich; the tail to be a topping, mixed with green and red parrot tail;
+the body is composed of joints, first a tip of silver, a tag of morone
+floss, a tag of black, a joint of brown, green and brown-red hackle,
+puce and red, green and yellow, blue and orange, with a tip of gold
+tinsel at each joint, a very small red hackle, and two red toucan
+feathers round the shoulder, and blue kingfisher's feather on each side
+of the wings. The hook No. 6, and No. 10 for Grilse.
+
+No. 4. A celebrated Claret Fly, of very killing qualities both in
+Scotland and Ireland, and in the Thames as a trout fly. The wings are
+composed of two wood-duck feathers wanting the white tips, and two
+strips of the same kind of feather with white tips; the head is made of
+peacock harl; the tail is two or three strips of hen pheasant tail, with
+a short tuft of red orange macaw body feather or parrot, tipped with
+silver, and gold ribbing over the body, which is formed of claret pig
+hair, over which roll two richly dyed claret hackles, struck in fine
+proportion from the tail up. The hook No. 6 or 10. It is a capital fly
+in lakes for large trout, as a breeze or gentle gale only causes a
+ripple, and a strong wind does not do so well in lakes with the fly, as
+it makes waves, although good for a large size minnow.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of three Salmon-flies, Nos. 4, 5, 6]
+
+No. 5. A brown fly, a general favorite among the "old ones," on every
+salmon river in Ireland and Scotland, particularly the latter, and in
+rivers a good way up from the sea, on a dark day, with a good breeze
+blowing up the stream. The following fly, No. 6, may be used in a
+similar manner. The wings are made of the golden pheasant tail that has
+the long clouded bar in the feather, rather full, and two rather
+broad strips of light brown white-tipped turkey tail feather at each
+side; a good size peacock harl head, and feelers of scarlet macaw
+feather; tipped at the tail with gold tinsel--the tail a small bright
+topping, and a tag of gold-colour floss silk; the body is made of
+cinnamon, or yellow-brown pig hair or mohair, ribbed with double silver
+twist; over the body roll a real brown red cock's hackle, and round the
+throttle roll on a bright red-brown small-spotted grouse hackle, or a
+brown mottled feather of the hen Argus pheasant's neck or back. BB hook,
+or a No. 8.
+
+No. 6. A Silver Grey Fly, a great favorite on the lakes of Killarney for
+Salmon and Grilse, and at Waterville, in the County of Kerry, for Sea
+and White Trout, made small on a No. 10 hook, about the size of a No. 6
+Trout hook of English make. The wings are made of golden pheasant tail
+feather, mixed with mallard, red macaw, blue and yellow body feathers of
+the macaw, guinea hen, and golden pheasant neck feathers, with feelers
+of blue and yellow macaw, a black head; tipped at the tail with silver
+and orange floss tag, the tail a topping mixed with red and blue macaw
+feather, (those blues that are found under the wings of that bird which
+are of a very light hue) and guinea hen: the body is made of the silver
+dun monkey if it can be got, light dun fox or squirrel fur, or dyed blue
+dun mohair mixed with yellow,--all these are good for a body, ribbed
+with broad silver tinsel, and a hackle of a real dun cock that has a
+yellowish motley shade throughout it, rolled up to the head, and round
+the shoulder a bright orange dyed hackle, underneath which tie in a
+little orange mohair. It may be varied with a claret hackle at the head,
+or a fiery brown one. No. 9 hook. A small grilse or sea-trout hook, for
+small rivers in either Scotland or Ireland, and also in the rivers of
+Wales, where it is a native dun colour among the anglers. It will be
+found a "don" to rise them.
+
+No. 7. A large dun palmer with a double hook, which, will be observed,
+is of a tortuous shape in the body, as it appears in the plate. The
+shape may be obtained by tying the hooks back to back, the top one to be
+tied about quarter way down the shank of the end one, and the gut tied
+tightly on each, (twisted gut of course when you form a loop).
+
+[Illustration: Plate of four Flies, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10]
+
+It will be found a "killer" in large pools surrounded with trees in
+stormy weather, and in rapid streams running into or near the sea, where
+they take it most likely for a shrimp, as it corresponds in color. The
+legs are composed of about six hackles of a real blue dun old
+cock-saddle feather, having a motley yellowish hue, and peacock harl
+head, rather full; the body is made of orange pig hair and yellow mohair
+mixed, the former drawn out amongst the fibres of the hackles, which
+must be struck on two at a time, commencing at the tail, till it is all
+built up to the head, where there may be three hackles to make it
+fuller,--it would be as well to have a small swivel at the head, that it
+might spin gently round when moved in the water. No. 9 hook, or small
+grilse size for large trout. It may be varied with gold, old dun cock's
+hackles, and red body.
+
+No. 8 is a beautiful specimen of a gaudy fly. The wings, which are
+finely mixed of rich feathers, are made of the following sorts:--orange,
+yellow, and blue macaw body feathers, three strips of each; teal,
+bustard, and golden pheasant neck feathers broken in strips; silver
+pheasant tail, light brown golden pheasant tail feather, and a topping
+over all a little longer; a peacock harl head, and blue and yellow
+feelers. The body is formed in three joints, a tip of gold twist at the
+tail, a tag of peacock harl, and a bright small topping for tail; first,
+a joint of yellow floss, a joint of peacock, and two feathers of the
+red-tipped feather of the crest of the cock of the rock tied short above
+the harl and ribbed with gold; the next is a blue floss silk joint
+ribbed with gold, a peacock harl rolled on close, and two feathers of
+the crest of the cock of the rock tied close above it; and the third is
+an orange floss silk joint, a peacock harl tag, and ribbed with gold,
+two of the red-tipped feathers tied on close as above, and a blue jay
+round the shoulder. No. 8 hook on B. This is a famous grilse fly.
+
+No. 9 is another great beauty, and a capital grilse or small salmon fly
+for any river under the sun. The wings are made of two jungle-cock
+feathers, and two shorter feathers of the golden pheasant neck, the
+white ends of the jungle-cock to show well beyond the golden pheasant
+neck, two broad strips of wood-duck, one at each side, and a topping or
+two extending longer than the other feathers for feelers, a black
+ostrich head; a tip of gold at the tail, a tag of yellow-green silk, a
+tag of black ostrich, and a bright topping for tail, above the ostrich a
+blue tag, and the body made of claret floss silk, ribbed with gold
+tinsel, and claret dyed hackle struck over the body, with a blue jay
+feather at the shoulder. The hook B or BB.
+
+No. 10. This is a famous high water fly for all salmon rivers,
+particularly in Scotland, and is not unlike the once celebrated "Parson
+Fly," the favourite killer in all rivers of the Reverend St. John's;
+there is no salmon can resist its attractions in rapid pools in rivers
+near the sea. The preceding fly, No. 9, will be found to kill better a
+few miles higher up from the sea, as all plain flies do. If the No. 9 is
+winged with brown mallard or brown turkey tail feather, it will be found
+just the thing.
+
+The wings are made of two golden pheasant neck feathers, with a broad
+strip of peacock wing feather on each side, and a strip of scarlet macaw
+tail feather, the latter to be a little longer than the other feathers,
+a black ostrich head with a full brilliant blue jay feather round the
+shoulder. The body is made thus:--a tip of silver twist, a yellow floss
+silk tag, two small toppings for tail, the body is of golden yellow pig
+hair or mohair, ribbed with silver twist, with two golden yellow dyed
+hackles with a black streak up the centre, rolled from the tail to the
+head. No. 9 hook, B, or BB.
+
+No. 11 is a fly that will kill grilse or salmon in the light running
+rivers of the North of Scotland, and in all rivers where the salmon and
+its varieties haunt, and is made of different sizes. The wings are made
+of a few fibres of each of the following feathers: black and white small
+spotted bustard rump feather, teal, wood-duck, silver hen pheasant tail,
+and the silver cock pheasant tail black and white spotted feathers, the
+neck feather of the golden pheasant, and the red spear feather of the
+same bird, and at each side two small feathers of the black and white
+jungle cock, a black head, and topping. The body is made half yellow and
+half purple pig hair or mohair, the latter colour next the head, over
+which roll close up two black heron feathers off the crest; a tip of
+gold, and a small topping for tail, and over the yellow or purple body
+roll double gold twist. No. 7 hook, or BB.
+
+The Sea-Trout Fly underneath No. 11 in the same plate, will be found a
+killer either for sea-trout or grilse, in the rivers in Scotland, and
+the South of Ireland. The wings are made of a dark brown grouse hackle
+that grows on the rump of the bird, just above the tail, mixed with a
+small quantity of light brown turkey tail, or kite tail, which is the
+salmon tail glede of the north, and two feelers of blue and yellow
+macaw; a black head; the body is made with a tip of silver twist at the
+tail, and a tag of black ostrich; the tail is a mixture of golden
+pheasant neck feather, and brown mallard, two or three fibres of each;
+the body is blue floss silk, rather light, with an old black cock's
+hackle rolled over it, ribbed with fine silver twist; round the shoulder
+roll a claret or scarlet hackle. The hook No. 10, or C, double CC, or B,
+for grilse. There may be three or four varieties of this fly made
+thus:--body blue, with blue jay, same wings, with a little neck feather
+of the golden pheasant; orange body, same coloured hackle, and same
+wings, blue jay at head; a dun body, with fiery brown hackle at the
+head; a claret body--a yellow body, and small grouse; blue body, and
+guinea hen; and a yellow body, with guinea hen; a black body, black
+hackle, and the same wings and tail; a black fly, with teal wings; a
+brown body, brown hackle, and "glede" wings, two fibres of the same for
+tail. All these are the choicest colours for sea-trout and grilse flies
+in every salmon river in the kingdom.
+
+[Illustration: Large Spring Salmon-fly]
+
+No. 12. Is a large SPRING FLY used generally in the Shannon, and the
+Tweed, when the rivers are very high and rapid. It will be found a
+magnificent specimen of a gaudy salmon fly, and is the proper size for
+March and April, when the fulness of the stream prevents the fish from
+seeing smaller ones. This fly will be seen to perfection in the Plate.
+With this, I will describe three or four others of the same size, of
+different colours, which came into my possession from Castle Connell, on
+the Banks of the Shannon.
+
+The wings of No. 12 are made of the small spotted brown Argus tail
+feather, golden pheasant tail, and the black and white peacock wing
+feather; scarlet and blue macaw, and in the centre an orange macaw
+feather whole, those that are tipped with blue and green--they are found
+on the shoulders of the red macaw and down the back; a tuft of broken
+neck feather of the golden pheasant at the head, and feelers of blue
+and yellow macaw; a black head; a tip of gold at the tail, a tag of
+blue, another of orange floss and black ostrich, a good sized topping in
+the tail, and at its root a tuft of red spear feather of the golden
+pheasant rump; there is about half an inch body at the tail end, made of
+yellow mohair, and yellow hackle over it, ribbed with gold, the
+remainder of the body is made of puce floss silk, with a dark
+wine-purple hackle struck over it, ribbed with silver twist and flat
+gold, and a yellow body feather of the macaw rolled round the shoulder.
+The hook, No. 2 or 3, large Salmon size.
+
+
+SPRING FLIES.
+
+The following fine large flies will be excellent killers in the Shannon,
+the Tweed, the Thurso, the Spey, and the Tay, in the spring season. The
+bodies to be made small, the wings large.
+
+No. 1. The body is made of sky blue floss silk, ribbed with broad silver
+tinsel, tip of silver, and orange tag; a dark blue hackle from the tail
+up; two toppings in the tail, a large yellow pig hair or mohair head
+(white seal fur dyed yellow does well), a blue jay round the shoulder;
+the wings are a large yellow and a large blue feather of the macaw,
+which grows on the back and under the wings of that bird, two orange
+macaw feathers an inch shorter on each side of them, two toppings, a
+mixture of argus, bustard, scarlet and blue macaw, good size strips of
+each. No. 1 hook, full salmon size.
+
+No. 2. The body is made of black floss silk, tipped with silver, tag of
+orange, ribbed with broad silver plate up the body, beside which a
+claret hackle, and the tail two toppings; the wings are made of a large
+red rump spear feather of the golden pheasant in the centre, four large
+toppings with a mixture of sprigging at each side of the following:
+Argus pheasant tail, bustard, blue and yellow macaw, blue jay at the
+shoulder, and a large size head of puce pig hair. Hook No. 1 or 2,
+Spring Salmon size.
+
+No. 3. The body is made of black floss silk, ribbed with silver, orange
+tag, tip of silver, tail a topping with a little red; the wings are made
+of the whole yellow feathers of the macaw which grow under the wings of
+the bird, two tipped feathers mixed with bustard, Argus, blue and
+scarlet macaw, and a blue head of pig hair or mohair. No. 1 or 2 hook.
+
+No. 4. The body is made of light puce floss silk, ribbed with silver
+plate and gold twist, a claret hackle over it, tipped with silver, a
+topping for tail, and orange tag; the wings are made of yellow macaw, a
+red spear feather, four toppings, a mixture of bustard golden pheasant
+tail, kingfisher's each side, and a large blue head of mohair. (It
+cannot be too large for the Shannon). No. 1 hook, large Salmon size.
+
+No. 5. The body is made of puce floss, ribbed with broad silver and gold
+twist, purple hackle over it, orange tag, tip of silver, and tail a
+topping; the wings are made of two body feathers of the yellow macaw,
+mixed with blue macaw tail and Argus, two large toppings, and a dark
+blue pig hair head. Salmon hook No. 2, spring size.
+
+No. 6. This is another excellent fly. The wings are like the last named
+fly; a black floss body, ribbed with silver, and yellow hackle over it;
+a large blue head, picked out to hang down like a hackle. No. 3 hook.
+This is a fly of "The Ogormans," of Ennis, in the County of Clare, see
+his Work on Angling. The two Salmon Flies in the plate, with "picker,"
+are described for Killarney.
+
+
+
+
+SALMON RIVERS.
+
+
+It will be most advantageous to my readers that I should give them some
+accurate accounts of the various Salmon Rivers, pointing out at the same
+time the best station on each where sport may be expected with the fly,
+and to know where to proceed before starting on their angling excursion,
+as the whole fun is in knowing the right places to prevent
+disappointment. There are numerous small size rivers, the local flies
+for which are of a plain and sombre hue, and which it will be necessary
+the fisher should be acquainted with--these I will give as I proceed.
+
+In summer, when the rivers are low, small plain flies are best, or
+rather so on dark days, with a good ripple, then they will entice them.
+They do not rise often when the sun is warm, except in rapid streams.
+Use small black bodied flies with silver and middling gaudy wings, mixed
+with teal or cock of the north feather--change it to a gaudy one if they
+do not take the black. Early in the mornings before the sun strikes the
+water, and from three o'clock till dark, or about sunset is a good time
+to move a large fish with a fly he likes. The two flies at the bottom of
+the plate with "picker," are most likely ones for that time in the day.
+The plain one is brown body, and wings of mallard. The bottom one is
+green body, and mixed wings of gaudy feathers; the body is a jointed
+one, of peacock green. I made it nearly twenty years ago,--it is a
+beautiful specimen of a gaudy fly for rapids after a flood.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER TWEED.
+
+
+I will begin with this large and beautiful salmon river, which runs
+rapidly along the borders of England and Scotland, taking a course from
+West to East. It flows majestically through a highly picturesque and
+cultivated country, washing many good towns on its way to the sea,
+where it discharges its valuable waters at Berwick.
+
+The town of Kelso is the best station, as there is good fishing above
+and below it. There is a magnificent spot for a month or more of salmon
+fishing at a place called "The Throughs," three miles above the
+town,--it is a real picture of a place to the eyes of the fisher. Higher
+up is St. Boswell's, and a little higher, Melrose--both charming places.
+There is good angling in the Tiviot, at Kelso, in the spring; it runs
+into the Tweed on the opposite side. The trout are numerous in it. There
+are several capital stations below the town, where the fish take the fly
+most freely, which is not the case in most of the rivers of the same
+magnitude. The fifteen painted salmon flies will be found excellent
+killers in this noble river, and the six large spring flies.
+
+I have killed Grilse, Sea-Trout, and River-Trout with the Winged Larva
+at the "Throughs" in August. Easterly winds were prevailing at the time,
+and the fish would not stir at any other sort of fly. When the river
+runs very low small flies are best.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER SHANNON.
+
+
+This is the largest and finest Salmon river in Britain. There is not a
+river in Norway that can be compared to it for fishing, were it properly
+used. The angler must proceed to its banks before he can say,
+conscientiously, that he has ever seen a salmon river. In its course it
+expands into three large and beautiful lakes, Lough Allen, Lough Ree,
+and Lough Derg. There are numerous islands in the latter one, with ruins
+of religious edifices, &c. This noble river receives many tributaries,
+in which there is capital fly fishing, with rapids and falls of water
+till it reaches Limerick. It runs a hundred and twenty miles to this
+place, and sixty more to the sea. It is on leaving the lakes that it
+abounds with many delightful streams--the haunts of large Salmon and
+fine Trout. Six miles above Limerick, at Castle Connel, there is a
+splendid place for the fly, and Trout fishing is good. The angler will
+here behold a scene that will greatly amuse him.
+
+There are other capital casts for Salmon up to Killaloe, where the Pike
+and Eels are of an extraordinary size and quality. Lough Derg is close
+to this place, in which are caught the "Gillaroe" Trout; they have
+gizzards like turkeys, are short and round in the body, very red in the
+flesh when cooked, and they have a most delicious flavour.
+
+The best flies for the Shannon are the fifteen painted ones, and the six
+large flies for spring. You cannot fail with these beautiful flies.
+
+
+
+
+THE LAKES OF CLARE.
+
+
+From the town of Killaloe the angler may proceed to the lakes of the
+County of Clare. You go west to the town of Broadford, eight miles
+distant, where there are three or four lakes, the furthest off one,
+Dromore; this town is eighteen miles off, and about eight from the
+county town, Ennis, on the river Fergus. Twelve miles up this river is
+Corrafin, a neat town, near which is the celebrated lake of "Inchiquin,"
+famous for its large trout and splendid views. Here the angler will find
+boats and every accommodation.
+
+The flies in my list for the season will kill exceedingly well in these
+lakes, made two or three sizes larger, and in fine weather the size they
+are.
+
+They are fond of grouse hackle, wrens, browns, turf-coloured flies,
+amber, black, grey, &c., &c., with brown grouse wings. The "yarn fly"[B]
+is not used here.
+
+Before the tourist angler leaves Killaloe, if he has time, he should by
+all means see the antiquities of the place, Lough Derg and Holy Island,
+where there are to be seen the ruins of seven churches, and a round
+tower 70 feet high, the entrenchments of "Brian Boroimhe," King of
+Munster, at Cancora, and his tomb near the Cathedral in the town.
+
+This ancient town is seated on the western bank of the Shannon, in the
+County of Clare, over which there is a bridge of nineteen arches; at a
+short distance below it, this grand river rolls over tremendous ledges
+of rocks, where there is an excellent fishery. It is a great pity that
+this fine river should be prevented from being of the greatest benefit
+to the country through which it runs, all owing to the "cruives," the
+"stake nets," "bag nets," and every other destructive invention that
+can be contrived for the wholesale slaughter of the splendid Salmon. Oh!
+look to it, you that have the power.
+
+From Limerick the angler may proceed to Athlone and Galway, but I should
+advise him to proceed to the south first, and fish the Blackwater and
+the lakes of Killarney; Mr. Jas. Butler has prohibited the fishing at
+Waterville this spring, in consequence, as he says, "of the numbers
+visiting, coupled with acts of poaching." I should say the lake is free,
+as it always was and ever has been, knowing that Mr. Butler is most
+polite to gentlemen.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote B: Net.]
+
+
+
+
+THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY.
+
+
+From Mallow, on the Blackwater, the angler proceeds to Killarney. It
+would be as well to go to Lismore, farther down from Mallow, where there
+is good Salmon fishing to be had; there is a Mr. Foley here (who rents
+the "weirs" of the Duke of Devonshire), he is most polite to strangers,
+and allows them to fish in the weirs, which are of some extent; and most
+of the Gentlemen residing on its banks, from Lismore up, will allow the
+stranger to fly-fish through their grounds, send their keepers to shew
+them the best places, and are most hospitable and polite. At the
+Killarney junction, Mallow, the angler takes his seat, and in a little
+time is delighted with the sight of the Lakes. I visited Killarney in
+1848, on an angling excursion in Ireland, to recruit my fallen spirits,
+if possible, after many years of industrious labour, "and it is myself
+that would advise the sickly to go there, if he had legs to walk on,"
+says poor Pat.
+
+To my great disappointment at the time, the Lakes were netted by their
+respective owners, which rather damped my spirits after going so far "a
+fishing"--my sport there was but inferior. It is not so now, many thanks
+to Lord Kenmare and Mr. Herbert, who have put a stop to the netting and
+other contrivances, to the delight of the anglers and inn keepers of the
+neighbourhood. I have been given to understand that the Salmon fishing
+is capital now in the lakes and river. At Ennisfallen Island there is a
+favourite cast, and another between that and Ross Island; another to the
+south west of it; towards Mucruss Abbey, to the north-east, there is
+good water for the fly, and in "Glena" bay, all of which the boatmen
+will show. At the latter place parties dine, in a very beautiful
+situation at the foot of the hill, sheltered by trees to the water's
+edge. On the west side of it is shown a curiosity--a holly, a thorn, a
+birch, a hazel, an ash, and an oak, so curiously entwined, that they
+appear as one tree; at this place there is a good fishery, at the
+cottage they cut the salmon into pieces, skewer them with arbutus, and
+roast them over a turf fire; they say arbutus gives them a fine flavour.
+
+Between Brickeen Bridge and the Upper Lake there is good fishing, in the
+narrow gorge between the lakes; the charges of boats, &c., have been
+regulated, so that they cannot now impose upon visitors. The scenery in
+the vicinity of "Brickeen Bridge" and the Eagle's Nest is sublime, and
+must delight the heart of the Angler who may be seeking health and
+pastime, either by himself or with his dear admiring friends.
+
+There is not a table, either in inn or lodging house in the town of
+Killarney, wanting a Guide to the Lakes, written by some intelligent
+person or other, so that the angler cannot go astray.
+
+There are numerous good inns in the town and neighbourhood, the people
+and landlords of which are polite, civil, and obliging to strangers, as
+are the guides and boatmen.
+
+There is a Miss Smith, in New Street, who keeps a comfortable lodging,
+the most honest creature I ever came across, go to her, you gentle ones.
+
+The delightful Island of Ennisfallen, which used to be my favourite spot
+during my stay, would be a kind of Heaven on Earth to the invalid; it is
+covered with verdure and beautiful large trees, the arbutus, &c. There
+is a thorn growing through a tomb stone, a holly fourteen feet thick, a
+curious crab tree, and the bed of honour, which the guides say if you
+lie down in it, having no children up to the present time, "your honor
+will be sure to have plenty of them after your return home."--This place
+is a hollow about the size of a large bed, in a projecting rock
+over-hung with holly and hawthorn. In an aperture in the "crab tree" the
+guides recommend ladies to pass. There are ruins of a once celebrated
+Abbey here, founded in an early date of St. Finian.
+
+The annals of Ennisfallen comprise a history of the world up to A.D.
+430, and a history of Ireland up to 1320. They are preserved in Trinity
+College, Dublin. There is an enormous ash tree growing out of the floor
+of the abbey. It is unquestionably a healthy spot, and soon excites an
+appetite by inhaling its salubrious air.
+
+The remains of the once beautiful edifice "Mucruss Abbey" is well worth
+seeing, as the ravages of death, which were once too prominent, have
+been cleared away by the humane Mr. Herbert, so that there may be a
+close inspection made of the ruins; the architecture of the eastern
+window is admirable; and the extraordinary "yew tree" growing in the
+centre of the ancient cloisters and over-spreading its walls is curious
+in the extreme, in the fork of the yew, above the great trunk, there is
+a kind of unctuous gum constantly flowing down, which is said by the
+peasantry that "the yew is shedding tears for the fate of the abbey."
+
+The Salmon flies to suit the Lakes, are Nos. 2, 4, 5, and 6, 8 and 9 the
+two at the bottom of the plate with "picker," and No. 4 plate on Salmon
+hooks, the paintings of which are exact to the models. The three latter
+flies are, first, a cinnamon-brown body, brown wings, and brown red
+hackle, mixed tail; second, a jointed body fly of blue and green, gaudy
+mixed wing, topping in the tail--this fly may be used in very rough
+water, and the brown one with a nice ripple and grey cloud; the No. 4
+fly on Salmon hooks, is mallard wings, fiery brown body ribbed with
+gold, brown red hackle, hook No. 6, B, CC, and a yellow and red mixed
+tail. The Dun Salmon Fly, No 6, and the one above it, No 5, are
+favourite killers in the lakes and river.
+
+My advise is, that my friends (I call every angler who reads this book a
+friend), should beware of the "mountain dew"[C] and goat's milk, sold by
+the damsels of Killarney, in the vicinity of Brickeen Bridge, and the
+Eagle's nest; they are harmless and cleanly creatures, but their
+importunity to taste their goat's milk is teasing--buy their goat's
+milk, but reject their "dew," gentle fishers.
+
+The river "Lane," which issues out of the Lower Lake, as it is now
+preserved by the inn keepers, is a capital stream for salmon and sea
+trout fishing; about four miles from Killarney, at the Bridge leading to
+"Dunloe Gap," is a good place to begin to fish, either up or down the
+river; the trout in both lakes and river are as yellow as gold when
+taken out of the water, they are spotted over with beautiful brown-red
+marks, and are very handsome to look at.
+
+The Trout Flies in the list will be found excellent for the lakes and
+river. A grouse hackle, with orange silk body, and a little strip of
+grey partridge tail for wings--this with the ant brown, hare's ear, and
+amber fly; the red dun, caperer, wren and cuckoo hackle, and duns of
+various shades and size, ribbed with silver. The land-rail fly,
+brown-red hackle, and ash fox, an orange body with black hackle from the
+tail up, and starling wings. The silver dun, with grey mallard wings,
+mixed with the wing of the bunting lark, ribbed with silver, and tail of
+the hackle fibres, the body yellow dun--this is a great favourite made
+of sea-trout size for the river, and large for salmon in the lakes. The
+sand and cinnamon flies are also good, and the red spinner; the winged
+larva is an excellent fly below the Bridge, allowed to sink a little
+beneath the surface when fished with, grilse and sea-trout will take it.
+
+The river Lane is remarkable for its firm footing along the banks, and
+no where obstructed by trees, it is the most pleasant place I ever saw
+for fishing, combined with wild and fanciful scenery.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote C: Whiskey--Oh! whiskey, whiskey,--cruel whiskey, you are the
+cause of poor Pat's giant poverty, you have rushed in upon him like one
+armed. Oh! thou accursed evil spirit.]
+
+
+
+
+LOUGH CURRAN, WATERVILLE.
+
+
+The angler may proceed any morning he feels disposed, to Waterville
+river and lake, southwest of Killarney, in the County Kerry; there is a
+car from the Kenmare Arms Hotel about eight o'clock in the morning,
+passing through Killorglan at the foot of the river Lane, which you have
+in view up to this place; Three miles farther on you come to the river
+"Corra," where there is an Inn, at the Bridge, for the accommodation of
+anglers, and where they may procure capital sea-trout and small grilse
+fishing; the lake Carra, out of which the river flows, is seen to the
+left before reaching the river at the bridge. It would be worth while
+staying a few days at this place, as the sea-trout fishing is beyond
+comparison, below the bridge to the sea, and above it as far as the
+lake, and also in the lake. The flies I have just named will kill well
+in the Carra, with a small black one, like a midge, ribbed with silver,
+with a honey dun fly made very small.
+
+You reach "Cahirceveen" in about eight hours from Killarney, from whence
+you take a car eight miles further on to Waterville, where you arrive
+comfortably in the evening to rest and have a talk with Mr. Butler, the
+proprietor of the "cuts;" the angler will find him most civil and
+polite, and on asking you get instant permission to angle for salmon in
+the river, and "keep all you catch" which has been a general rule for a
+length of time; the lake is free for salmon and trout fishing, it
+abounds with fine sea-trout, which appear to be continually running up
+between the bars of the "cruives." The river is very small, having but
+one pool in it close to the sea for salmon, the run of it is very short
+as the lake and sea almost meet, they are separated merely by a neck of
+land on which the bridge and "cuts" are erected, about three or four
+perches altogether. There is good sport to be had in the lake and river
+when it is flooded, and the angler will find every convenience with
+respect to men and boats; there are two inns in the place, at least when
+I was there in 1848, there were two.
+
+The flies for Waterville are the same as those I have just given, except
+for salmon in the river, which should be very plain and sombre, they are
+brown bodies, with dark hackles over a roll or two of gold tinsel, and
+brown turkey wings of a reddish hue; small blue flies, with gaudy wings,
+ribbed with silver, and black heads, the hackle to be dyed blue, and
+floss silk body, hook No. 10 or C. CC. When the water is up they will
+take Nos. 3, 4, and 5 flies in the plates; and the fly No. 11 is most
+excellent. They use a good sized fly in the lake for trout, when I
+fished it my flies were of the smaller sort, and in the hot sun the
+trout took small amber flies best with me. The local flies were
+darker--say drake size, with brown bodies, black hackles, and turkey
+wings, nevertheless they take them in a windy day exceedingly quick, and
+in a very short time the fishermen in the boats catch a large dish of
+them, say in about a hour; the trout and grilse in this lake I must say
+are most delicious, "they almost melt in the mouth," says he.
+
+The angler, when he gets tired here, may return to Killarney, and make
+head for the west and north, "and sure enough he may have another throw
+on the lakes, if he pleases, by way of bidding them good bye."
+
+He might take a start before he goes across the hills to Kenmare, by
+car, and have a day or two on the river Blackwater, usually called
+"Kerry Blackwater;" it is about eight miles from Kenmare, on the
+south-west side of the estuary of that name, on the road to "Derrynane
+Beg," or Derrynane Abbey. There is an inn on the river as you cross the
+road, but no town. The angler might go to it for a day or so from
+Waterville, by hiring a car at the inn, there and back. He will have an
+opportunity of seeing the mansion of the late Mr. D. O'Connell, at
+Derrynane, as he passes it to his right off the road, in a most healthy
+situation, sequestered amongst dwarf trees of the most fanciful
+appearance, close to a bay of the sea, or what is called "Kenmare
+River," the salt water of which is as clear as crystal.
+
+The flies used on this prolific little river are brown bodies, three
+ribs of gold tinsel, black hackles, and grouse and mallard wings; but I
+would strongly advise the angler to have some of the small flies made
+smaller still for this river, than in the plates of flies. A very small
+blue jay, a silver grey or "hedgehog fly," with a small black one ribbed
+with silver, are all good for this stream.
+
+The angler returns to old Killarney, and takes rail for Limerick, from
+thence by steam to Athlone, on the "Great Western;" there are fine Trout
+and Salmon here in summer. Go on from here to Galway, and fly fish Lough
+Carib (the river, I believe, is now broken up to facilitate the
+navigation between the bay and this grand expanse of fresh water). There
+are very large Trout to be met with in the Lough, and every
+accommodation respecting fishermen and boats at the town. The angler
+will find it very pleasant for a day or two's fish in the lake, with a
+ripple on the water and a grey cloud above.
+
+
+
+
+CONNAMARA AND BALLYNAHINCH.
+
+
+In this western region there are some beautiful lakes and rivers, once
+celebrated for the abundance of Salmon and Trout which they contained,
+but, alas! the "weirs" and nets have "wed" them all away, to the grief
+of the tourist angler, who might have enjoyed the "wild sports of the
+west." So he will yet, for there is a reformation to take place that
+will restore them to their pristine numbers both in lake and river. They
+are about to take down the "weirs," and net the bays, which will not
+only give the Salmon a free passage up, but augment them a
+hundred-fold,--then, "hurrah for Connamara, the land of the west." Derry
+Clare Lake is a good one for the fly, so is Lough Inna, and above and
+below the "weirs." If the generous proprietors of the fishery would
+consult upon the subject, they would immediately put a stop to the
+obstructions, if not, it it is quite impossible that there can be good
+fishing up to Lough Inna. Thirty gentlemen might fly fish these waters
+without the least inconvenience, were the Salmon allowed to go free.
+
+The Salmon Flies for Connamara are rather small and plain; various
+brown, black, red, olive, and orange flies kill well, ribbed with gold
+and silver. Those Sea-Trout ones, described for Waterville, do also
+well, and orange floss silk, ribbed with gold, small topping for tail,
+jay round the head, and mallard mixed wings. Hook C or CC.
+
+A small black fly, yellow tag, topping for tail, rib of silver, teal,
+and golden pheasant neck, breast feather of the peacock wing, mixed,
+blue feelers of macaw, jay at the shoulder. Hook B, or No. 9. A green
+body, ribbed with gold, black red hackle, orange macaw, or cock of the
+rock feather in the tail, short; a nice mixed gaudy wing, with a good
+deal of mallard and wood-duck prevailing, or silver pheasant wing, the
+hen bird is best. C, CC or B hook; vary the size for high and low water.
+A small claret fly, and the three flies in the Plates, Nos. 3, 4, and 5,
+with No. 11, all made on small hooks, these are the sorts to kill. The
+Sea-Trout ones are very small black and red hackles, grouse and wren
+hackles, dun flies, and little brown ants, hare's ear and yellow,
+silver greys, and the small flies enumerated in the catalogue. Use a
+sixteen feet salmon rod, and single gut casting lines, with one or two
+twisted lengths next to the reel line, which should be plaited silk and
+hair. There are plenty of boats and boatmen to be had at Ballynahinch
+River and Lakes, all civil fellows, and if used with common kindness and
+decency, they will confess that "the English anglers are the best
+fellows in the whole world,--Good luck to their honors. Long life to
+their honors."
+
+The scenery of this wild country is quite equal to any in Scotland, if
+the intelligent tourist angler would be at the pains of penetrating into
+the mountainous regions which surround Connamara. The islands in the
+bays are interesting and beautiful, as well as the stupendous hills
+standing up in order like giants, as it were, to bid defiance to the
+wild waves of the great Atlantic.
+
+Ireland is proverbial for the finest breeding rivers in the world for
+Salmon and Trout, in no country can there be found such splendid rivers
+and lakes for Salmon; see, for instance, the rivers Shannon, Erin, Bann,
+and the stupendous lakes out of which they issue, and of which, it is
+sufficient to show, that at "Burn Cranna," two miles below Coleraine,
+with the cross nets, three tons of Salmon were caught in one day by the
+fishermen some years back. This will give an idea of what the rivers in
+Ireland, in general, can produce. The Bann is preserved in the right
+season for the fry to come to perfection in great shoals, and from March
+till August the nets and "cruives" are worked.
+
+The flavour and quality of the Irish Salmon far exceed those of any
+other part of the United Kingdom, for when the fish are sent up from the
+north to the London markets they often lose their flavour, if not
+properly packed in the ice boxes; how can it be otherwise, when the
+distance is considered. The real Salmon of the Tweed, Tay, and Spay, are
+delicious, through the quickness of transit.
+
+Above Ballynahinch are seen the "Twelve Pins," or rocky precipices of
+"Beanabola." On the right of this mountainous road, beyond Ballynahinch,
+opposite the beautiful island of "Ennisbofine," are seen green mountain
+heights of great elevation, with romantic winding vallies, rivers, and
+views, that strike the heart with admiration.
+
+There is a large river in this neighbourhood, called the "Owen Rieve,"
+which abounds with Salmon, and falls into the sea south of Clue Bay. At
+the head of the Bay, a short way up, there is a Salmon Fishery, but no
+inn.
+
+
+
+
+BALLYNA.
+
+
+The angler may now proceed to the river Moy, at Ballyna, in the County
+of Mayo, a celebrated place for ages for Salmon fishing with the fly,
+and also a place where he may find every facility for insuring sport by
+the kind and obliging conduct of the renter of the "cruives," or cuts,
+who politely allows the angler to fish where he pleases, on condition
+that he gives up his fish save one per day, which he may freely reserve
+for himself, and as a trophy of his success, have the honor of "cutting
+it pink" by a good turf fire, tired after the day's sport, washing it
+down with a smoking hot tumbler of "whiskey punch," drinking the health
+of the Queen, and success to the arms of our brave countrymen in the
+East.
+
+Lough Con will be found also good, but the trout fishing is best in
+it--fly fish the river for salmon. It is about ten miles up to the
+southwest, and in it may be caught with the fly, the gilla-roe trout
+that have gizzards, the same as in Lough Derg on the Shannon. From the
+town of Ballyna up to Foxford, eight miles distant, is all capital water
+for salmon; there are plenty of boats to be had, and those who do not
+like a boat may fish from the shore; the salmon will rise and take the
+fly in every part of this water, so that the angler cannot go astray.
+
+The flies in use here are rather plain than gaudy, except in the spring,
+like all other rivers, they must be larger and more of a gaudy hue.
+
+A claret body, claret hackle and gold rib, tail a small topping, an
+orange tag rather tapered to the shoulder, jay at head, mallard wings
+mixed with blue and yellow macaw, neck feather of the golden pheasant, a
+topping over all, guinea hen, teal, and blue macaw feelers each side
+with a kingfisher, hook CC, 9, or BB.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of 7 Flies and Salmon.]
+
+A fly, with a fiery brown floss silk body, black ostrich tag, hackle of
+the same colour as body, rib of gold, tail of topping, mallard, golden
+pheasant tail, neck, and red rump feathers mixed, a blue jay or small
+guinea hen feather at the shoulder, hook No. 9, or B in low water.
+
+A blue body, blue jay over it, tag of orange floss, topping for tail,
+the hackle to be made full by another jay at the shoulder, under which
+roll a piece of orange pig-hair and pick it out well through the jay;
+the wings to be mixed ones with a topping in the centre; scarlet macaw
+feelers, and black head; hook No. 9 and B; rib the body with silver
+tinsel, and let it be the same colour as the jay.
+
+These with Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5, in the plates of flies for salmon will
+be found excellent. No. 11 is a good one; and a fly made with black silk
+body ribbed with silver twist, a very small topping in the tail, mixed
+with a sprig or two of guinea hen and Ibis, a small guinea hen hackle
+over the body and cut slantingly underneath the body to be longer at the
+shoulder, and a black or peacock head with a small blue jay round it;
+wings mixed with dark mallard, teal, neck feather, blue and yellow
+macaw, and a strip or two of wood-duck each side, and a fibre or two of
+peacock neck and white spotted wing feather, hook CC, B. If these flies
+are attended to, they will kill when many others fail; do not lose your
+sport and time, keep to what I say.
+
+
+
+
+BALLYSHANNON.
+
+
+From Ballyna the angler may proceed to the Erne, at Ballyshannon, by
+coach, where he will find, on his arrival, a beautiful river, and every
+accommodation he requires; it is a short running river, with a deep and
+rapid current, about three or four miles in length; at the town of
+Bellick it flows out of the grand expanse of Lough Erne, fifty miles in
+length, and in some parts twelve in width.
+
+The salmon leap of Ballyshannon, is a broad body of water falling over a
+perpendicular rock twelve feet high, up which the salmon run, showing
+their dark backs through the foaming water, and again falling back into
+the pool below after many attempts to surmount it; they seldom leap
+clean up out of the water, but in general I have seen them rushing up
+through the falling current, which shows the extraordinary strength they
+possess. I have remarked that they always remain a day or two in the
+first pool they come to after their ascent, and in this they take the
+fly most greedily, generally at the head of the leap.
+
+The fishermen sweep the river with nets below the leap, and the enormous
+quantities they take is most surprising, still there is abundance in the
+river; in summer in consequence of the netting, of course the salmon are
+not so plentiful up the river. The fish house stands on an island, which
+may be seen from the bridge of fourteen arches, and in the distance the
+sea views are grand.
+
+There is capital fishing below the bridge, and many fine salmon throws
+or haunts all the way up to Belleek; this town is finely situated on the
+north of Lough Erne, where it begins to discharge its waters into the
+channel which conveys them into the bay of Donnegal.
+
+The river at this place has a fall of twenty feet, forming a beautiful
+scene, enriched by foliage and steep precipices. The trout fishing here
+is good.
+
+The river Erne has a long course, the source of which is "Lough
+Gonnagh," in the County Longford, a short way from "Lough Sheelin," and
+the celebrated Lakes of West Meath. It then enters "Lough Oughter," in
+the County Cavan, after a serpentine course of eighteen or twenty miles,
+although the distance between the lakes is only eight miles; after
+passing through this lake, it takes another winding course of the same
+distance, passing Belturbet, an ancient town on its banks, it then
+enters the upper Lough Erne, and falls into the sea at Ballyshannon.
+Seeing the abundance of fish which these grand lakes, and clear running
+streams throughout the country produce, it is not at all to be wondered
+at the quantities taken at Ballyshannon.
+
+The flies in use here are very gaudy, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, in the plates,
+will be found capital killers, and up to No. 11 in fine days in summer
+when the water is low.
+
+There is another good killer which I will here describe:--body yellow
+brown mohair, ribbed with silver twist, puce tag, topping for tail with
+a little scarlet ibis mixed, a good dyed yellow hackle rolled over the
+body, and a scarlet hackle round the head; the wings are four toppings
+with strips of summer duck, a sprig or two of pheasant tail and neck, a
+strip of dyed white tipped turkey tail, and a sprig of guinea hen and
+glede or kite tail, the tail feather of the hen Hymalean pheasant is as
+good as what is called in Scotland "salmon tail glede," and the topping
+or crest of the cock bird which is a transparent scarlet colour, and
+like a topping of the golden pheasant stands over all; blue kingfisher
+each side, and scarlet macaw feelers, black ostrich head, hook No. 9 or
+8 in high water. This is a magnificent specimen of a salmon fly, and
+cannot be made properly at a small expense, either by the amateur
+himself who buys his foreign feathers, or by the fly-maker who gets his
+bread by it. The three flies in the plates Nos. 1, 2, and 3, will be
+found to do the work well. With this one, see the gaudy jointed fly in
+the plate, with "picker" at top.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVERS BUSH AND BANN.
+
+
+From Ballyshannon the angler proceeds to the Enniskillen and Derry
+railway, where he takes his seat for Coleraine; on arriving at this town
+he need not expect much fishing, except that he may take a throw at the
+head of the leap, and take also a view of that stupendous fall of fresh
+water which there can be little doubt of its surprising him, with the
+grand and delightful scenes around. When he gets on the suspension
+bridge, over the very top of the leap, he must hold by the rails to
+steady himself, and consider where he really is; the noise which the
+great body of water in the centre fall makes, when it descends into the
+pool beneath, dins his very ears, this with the broad rapid running
+river close beneath his feet as he stands on the light iron bridge,
+holding by a single rail with his hand, must almost take his sight away;
+and if he never had the pleasure of seeing the shadow of fear before,
+rely upon it he feels himself in a fearful plight just then "for a short
+time any how."
+
+On the County Derry side the falls are not so strong, and on these the
+"cuts" are erected, for no salmon could surmount the centre fall, and
+these "cuts" are so high from the top of the leap, that the salmon
+cannot get over them even in floods, except by mere chance. This
+productive fishery belongs to the London Fishmongers' Company, on
+application the stranger will be allowed on the bridge to view the
+falls, and at the same time he will see the traps crowded with salmon of
+all sizes, from the small "graul," as they call them there, to the
+largest size salmon; sometimes the fish can hardly swim in these "cuts"
+or "cruives" they are so numerous, what a treat for the eyes of the fly
+fisher to behold. The angler may fly fish at will, and has his choice
+either to go up the Bann to Kilrea, or go first to the Bush river, it is
+only seven miles from Coleraine to Bush Mills, so that as he is now in
+that town it would be advisable to try his hand at the Bush first, and
+then proceed to Kilrea, on the Bann, about fourteen miles up that river,
+by car.
+
+When the angler arrives at Bush Mills, which he will do in an hour from
+Coleraine, the inn keeper will make him acquainted with the rules of
+the fishing. The river is now in possession of a club of gentlemen, who
+will with great pleasure allow the stranger to fly fish.
+
+It will be necessary to have a guide, who will show you all the best
+throws for salmon; and when tired of fishing, point out the "Causeway"
+to you, which is two miles from the town. The best of the fishing
+extends about two miles--one mile below the town to the sea, and one
+mile above it at the salmon leap.
+
+There are some good throws on the top of the leap, and towards the tail
+of the large pool beneath; another famous throw between that and the
+town called "Lagan Drade;" at the top of this long pool there are two
+large stones projecting out of the water, between which the current of
+the stream rushes violently, in this rapid place between the stones the
+fish will take the fly, and below the stones along the left side of the
+Bush, and on the rising ground at the foot of the pool; if you can
+manage to throw well over the bushes you will be very apt to hook a
+salmon in the mid-water. There is another good throw below the bridge;
+the deepest part lying along the gardens, and three or four more
+between that and the sea; there is a large stone lies in the middle of
+the river, over which the water may be seen boiling, if you can manage
+to throw beyond it, and draw the fly across it letting it fall a little
+below it, you will have a chance to hook a fish immediately. Just below
+this stone, a little way from the sea, at a narrow part of the river, is
+another capital place, fish it from the right side and do not come
+abruptly upon the place or the fish will see you, which will prevent
+them from rising, but this you can avoid, as you will see this
+contracted part from the stone throw; prepare a good fly before you come
+up, and keep as far off it as possible. It is a shelving elbow shaped
+rock narrowing the river, so that your fly must be gradually moved down
+commencing a few yards above the elbow rock, which cannot be seen as the
+grass grows on it to the very edge, till you look over it into the
+water; just as the fly rounds the point all the fish see it that are
+lying under the brow of the hollow rock, where you may expect a rise;
+this is the deepest part of the whole river, and the first resting place
+for the fish after leaving the sea.
+
+In this place the depth of the water requires a bright fly; the
+following one will prove a killer:--Body, orange floss silk, a small
+topping for tail with a fibre or two of mallard, ribbed with fine gold
+tinsel, and a rich brown-red cock's hackle from the tail up, not too
+long in the fibres, the hackle to be a little black at the head when
+rolled on; the wing of copper brown mallard with a strip of wood-duck
+each side, and a topping over all; feelers of macaw, and a black ostrich
+head. Hook CC. Should you rise a fish with this old favorite, and it
+does not take, try him once or twice more with it, and no doubt you will
+have him. If he does not hook himself with it, change it for a light
+blue one, the body the blue colour of the sky, legs the same, and a
+mallard wing ribbed with gold.
+
+You now come to the sea, at "Bushfoot." There is a pool here into which
+the tide ebbs and flows, and at times the fish are plunging over and
+over on the top of each other, which the fishermen net when this is the
+case. When the tide is out the Salmon will rise and take the fly in it
+freely, as the flowing of the river into it pushes out the brackish
+water before it, and when the tide is flowing, before it enters the
+pool, is the best time,--in fact, this is the best place to stay at for
+the sole purpose of being enabled to fish, as the river above is so low
+in summer, except after rains, that it is useless to try.
+
+The Castle of old "Dunluce" is near Bushfoot, it stands on a rock close
+to the cliff on the mainland in the sea, and is built on the surface or
+top of the rock, close to its very edge all round, and the corner stones
+appear to have been brought from the Giant's Causeway. There is a deep
+chasm between the castle and the land, over which the range wall of the
+old bridge is yet standing; the bridge itself is completely gone. This
+narrow wall, about fourteen inches wide, may be easily crossed going
+into the castle, but on recrossing it to the land side it strikes terror
+into the heart. Some years ago I visited this old ruin, and crossed the
+wall into it quite easily and fearlessly, but on my returning, to my
+great surprise, I was afraid of my life to recross it. The cause was, no
+doubt, that the wall and yawning chasm appeared more under me on coming
+out than on going in, the wall being narrow and the chasm deep. At last
+I crept over it very slowly on my hands and knees, and it was with
+difficulty I reached the land. As I sat panting on the grass, looking
+towards the dark old pile, I vowed that the walls of "Dunluce Castle"
+should never again hold me. I was most likely stricken with a fairy
+talisman.
+
+The "GIANT'S CAUSEWAY" is two miles from Bushfoot, where the stranger
+may spend a few pleasant days with a kind friend, amidst rocks and
+caves, glens and tremendous cliffs, causeways, chasms, and pillars of
+wondrous height. These rows of pillars stand up the face of the cliff,
+which is 360 feet high, from the base of which three broad causeways
+extend, of honeycomb shape, nine hundred feet into the sea. The pillars
+of these low causeways are generally six, seven, and many three and
+nine-sided, and as even as if they had been cut with a chisel; they rest
+one upon another in joints, the top one round to fit into the one
+beneath like a socket, and the pillars are so closely packed, that you
+can hardly get the point of a knife between them. There are other
+pillars in the face of the cliffs, called the Giant's Loom, the Giant's
+Chair, the Giant's Organ, and the Giant's Well. The natural wildness
+and grandeur of these and the adjoining promontories, exceed any thing
+that can be imagined.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER BANN.
+
+
+Portna is considered the best ford for Salmon and Trout fishing on this
+noble stream. At this place, which is merely an inn, kept by a Mr.
+Moore, for the accommodation of anglers, the river, which is a large
+one, falls over ledges of rock, large stones, broad fords of gravel,
+deep gorges in places, rushing down inclined plains, which spread into
+currents five and six feet deep, dimpling as it flows along, where large
+trout may be seen taking down the natural insects, and making the
+surface boil. These places might be swarming, were it not for the
+"cruives," with the largest salmon in Britain.
+
+During the summer months you may take a good many salmon here, but on
+some days you cannot see a fish, as they are mostly stopped at the
+"cuts." These salmon traps are called "cuts," in Ireland, and "cruives,"
+in Scotland. I need not explain their formation, as they are too well
+known to the fly fishers. Notwithstanding all this, the generous renter
+of the fishery at the Leap of Coleraine, gives liberty to all anglers
+visiting the Bann, from March to August, and the courtesy and politeness
+which he evinces towards gentlemen, causes him to take no notice of
+their fishing with the salmon fly till September. I have been informed
+by Mr. Moore, the inn-keeper, at Portna, that there is now a "Queen's
+Gap" made in the "cuts," on Sundays, to allow some of the salmon to
+escape. This is a great boon to the angler.
+
+The town of Kilrea is a mile from Portna, where there is a good inn,
+kept by an Englishman, a Mr. Adcock. At the bridge, which is half a mile
+from the town, there is a famous throw for a salmon; you let off the
+line, while standing on the bridge, to where the fish lie, a little
+lower down. There are capital streams for salmon near "Moor Lodge," a
+delightful spot, down as far as "Bevanaher" ford. The boatmen take you
+through the gorges in racehorse style. The man brings the bow of the
+boat to the very edge of the rapid, steadies her by making you sit down
+with himself, and in a minute or two she shoots down the gorge in a
+very pleasant manner into the broad ford below; when he returns with the
+boat, he pulls her up the side of the stream. The Bann boatmen, I must
+say, are very civil fellows, and charge moderately for their labour and
+boats--half-a-crown a day, pot luck, and a smoke of tobacco--"an ould
+fly, and a gut casting line, if it's no use to your honor."
+
+THE FLIES to suit the Bann are as follows:--
+
+No. 1. Body claret pig hair, ribbed with gold tinsel, orange tag, a
+topping, and a little wood-duck for tail; a dark claret hackle rolled up
+to the shoulder, and a blue jay above it; mallard wings, mixed with
+bustard--the dark small spotted bustard feather is best for this river,
+the light coloured for Scotland and Wales--golden pheasant tail and
+neck, peacock wing, wood-duck feelers of blue and yellow macaw, and a
+black head. Hook No. 8 or 9. This is a great favourite.
+
+No. 2. Scarlet body, scarlet hackle, and mallard wing, gold over body,
+topping for tail, and one in the centre of the wings, jay at the
+shoulder, and a black head. Hook No. 8. Large for the Spring, and B, BB
+for June and July.
+
+No. 3. Fiery brown body, brown-red hackle, gold tinsel, mallard wings
+with a little wood-duck and golden pheasant neck feather mixed with it,
+macaw feelers, and a small topping for tail mixed with wood-duck. Hook
+BB or G. Grouse hackle round the shoulder, and a black head.
+
+No. 4. Body yellow pig hair, half way up from the tail, the remainder
+wine purple or dark blue, a purple hackle over it, and a claret one at
+the shoulder; blue head picked out the colour of the sky; two toppings
+in the centre of wings of mallard and brown turkey mixed, and macaw
+feeler. Hook No. 9. Silver tinsel over the body.
+
+No. 5. Orange body, broad gold tinsel, dark brown-red hackle over it;
+strips of wood-duck and neck feather for tail; strips of spotted Argus
+pheasant; a dark full mallard wing with two neck feathers in the centre,
+and a black head. Hook No. 9, BB, or 8. Large for high water or deep
+places.
+
+No. 6. A puce body, ribbed with silver tinsel and gold twist, topping in
+the tail mixed with wood-duck fibres; puce hackle struck full up to the
+head, blue jay here, and kingfisher each side of the wings, which are
+of a very nice mixture of Argus pheasant small spotted feather, peacock
+wings, mallard, teal, guinea hen, kite tail, pheasant tail, blue and
+orange macaw, scarlet macaw, green parrot tails, Ibis, and silver
+pheasant tail (the hen); feelers of macaw, a topping over all, with the
+crest feather of the Hymalean pheasant, and a bronze head. Hook, Nos. 9
+and 8. These, with the eleven flies in the Plates, and No. 12, early in
+the Spring, with the five Shannon flies, are all "first-rate killers,"
+indeed, the fourteen painted flies are all capital ones for this river.
+
+THE TROUT FLIES are generally the same as those in the catalogue of
+flies for the season. In the spring they run rather large, but in the
+summer months they are used very small. Olive flies of various hues are
+very much used, and a fly with a green body and the feather off the root
+of the landrail's wing; another with orange body, black-red hackle, and
+woodcock wings. Hooks No. 8, in spring, Nos. 10 and 12, in summer. The
+various browns are capital in the early season, and the green olive,
+sooty olive, hare's ear and olive, brown and olive flies made full in
+the wings, and to be longer than the body. There are no hackles used in
+the spring, till a little further on in the season, then hackle flies
+are used; the wren tails of different sorts are very much prized, and
+the light red-brown grouse hackle, and yellow body; a blue body fly,
+black hackle, and wings of the starling; a gosling green olive fly, with
+mallard wings, mixed with landrail, and a hook No. 8 or 10; a fly with a
+yellow body of silk, red hackle dyed yellow, starling wing mixed with
+mallard, and a little partridge tail; the golden wren is good; a very
+small black gnat is good; and the never-failing "blue blow." The body of
+this little fly, as used on the Bann, is mole's fur mixed with golden
+olive, picked out at the shoulder, and a black bird's wing, to be fished
+with on warm sultry days. These flies are killers, and the trout are
+fond of them, which will be found excellent and plentiful at Portna.
+
+On the shores of Lough Neagh, towards the Bridge of Toome, where the
+river issues out of the lake, there is good angling in the Drake season
+in June. There is a small inn at Toome Bridge, where the angler can
+procure a boat. It is but four miles north of "Randalstown," on the
+Belfast and Ballymena Railway. I have spent many a day on these waters,
+when a young man.
+
+From Shane's Castle, the Earl O'Neil's, to the bridge, and from the town
+of Antrim to Shane's Castle, there are large trout taken with the fly;
+at the end of May, and throughout June, the whole surface of the lake
+along the shore is covered with the natural fly. The Drake, in the
+Plate, would be a good one made on a large size hook, to throw amongst
+them. Earl O'Neil grants permission to gentlemen to fly-fish in the
+demesne of Shane's Castle, by sending a note from the inn at
+Randalstown, to the Steward.
+
+There are numerous rivers running into Lough Neagh, from five different
+counties, which it borders. The Bann rises in the Mourne Mountains, in
+the County of Down, and passing through the Lough, issues out of it at
+the Bridge of Toome, forming a stupendous body of fresh water. The Lough
+is twenty-three miles long, and twelve in width.
+
+To get at the various small trout rivers running into all these great
+lakes in the north of Ireland, I would recommend, to gain information
+of the cross-roads, Leigh's Road Book of Ireland and Dublin Railway
+Guide.
+
+The angler will now take his departure from the north and proceed to
+Dublin, _via_ Belfast and Draugheda, at this place he comes to the river
+Boyne, where he may spend a few pleasant days at "Old Bridge," a place
+about three miles up the river at the "weirs." There is good Salmon
+fishing at this place when the tide is out, and on the flow of the tide
+he will take capital Grilse and Sea-Trout.
+
+For the Boyne, the best flies are claret, brown, olive, green, orange,
+and black, with brown mallard wings, and turkey tail feathers. Plain
+ones in general are best.
+
+
+
+
+LAKES OF WESTMEATH.
+
+
+After leaving Draugheda, the angler will reach Dublin by rail in a very
+short time, where he will take his place in the railway carriage for
+Mullingar, the county town of Westmeath; here, he is in the centre of
+numerous fine lakes, well stored with large trout that will take the fly
+most freely in May and June; the whole country round this place is most
+pleasingly diversified by romantic sites, gentlemen's mansions, and
+extensive lakes.
+
+There are two lakes in the neighbourhood, or environs of Mullingar,
+which are "Lough Ennel" and "Lough Owel," to the north of the town; the
+first named one is the best for large trout. There are good boats and
+fishermen to be had here. A little farther northward is Lough Iron, and
+the river Jenny, which takes its course to the Shannon. The best lake of
+them all is "Derevaragh," still further to the north; the town of
+Castlepollard is the best station to stay to fish this fine lake; the
+trout run twelve and fourteen pounds in it.
+
+Lough Lane and Dromore are close to the last named lake. The angling in
+May is most excellent, with the green drake; it is called the drake
+season, and at this period the largest fish are caught; the green drake
+which I have described, is the right sort for the lakes, with large
+whole upright wings double the ordinary size.
+
+The trout flies in general are brown, green, grey, red, black, hare's
+ear and yellow, hare's ear and brown, hare's ear and olive, fiery
+brown, claret, orange, and yellow flies, and in rough weather gaudy
+grilse flies are good.
+
+The flexible minnow would be a capital bait, drawn after the boat, when
+the trout are not inclined to take the fly.--See an angling tour of the
+lakes by "Jeffery Green Drake."
+
+There is very good salmon and trout fishing to be had in the County
+Tipperary, at the town of Cahir, situated on the Suir; Kilcommon Cottage
+on the river side, is a place of great beauty, and the angler may amuse
+himself in the demesne of Lord Cahir, which contains 560 acres; this
+place and Clonmel may be reached by railway from Dublin, and on arriving
+at Kilkenny there is very good fishing in the river Barrow at the town,
+on the road to Cahir.
+
+There is a small river called Killmacow, two miles above Waterford,
+running into the Suir, in which there is beautiful trout fishing, in the
+Spring and June.
+
+There are some nice streams in Wexford, for salmon and trout fishing.
+The "Slaney," at Scarrawalsh Bridge, near the Barony Forth, is capital
+for sea trout, in August and the early Spring; there is good trout
+fishing the higher you proceed up this fine river.
+
+In Lord Courtown's demesne, beyond Tara Hill, there is good grilse and
+sea trout fishing, the river runs through the town of Ballycannew, a few
+miles above Gorey; Lord Courtown's is not far from Gorey, who will allow
+any gentleman to angle with the fly in his charming demesne. They say
+that his lordship can contrive to "fish these fish" into the kettle
+alive out of the river, part of which runs under the mansion; I cannot
+tell how true this may be, the river runs close to the house, in which
+there are plenty of salmon and trout.
+
+The flies used here are rather gaudy, sea trout size; and the list of
+flies for the season will answer admirably for trout fishing.
+
+From the above place the angler may conveniently visit the rivers in the
+County Wicklow, which are all trout streams, arriving at Arklow, on the
+river Ovoca.
+
+There is a very nice river[D] running along the southern side of the
+Wicklow Mountains, passing by a place called "Little Aghrim," from
+whence to the wooden bridge, three miles from Arklow, there is excellent
+trout fishing in March, April, and May; it passes through a long lough
+or piece of deep water, out of which the trout issue in the spring into
+the river; there is no obstruction on its banks from the Wooden Bridge
+Inn up to Aghrim. There is a bridge crosses the river three miles up
+from the Wooden Bridge, where the angler may fish up to Aghrim or down
+to the "Meetings." The Wooden Bridge is called the "Lower Meetings of
+the Waters,"--this is the most beautiful place of any in the
+neighbourhood of the Vale of Ovoca, as you can see fine vales from the
+mount behind the Inn; although from the grounds of Howard Castle, where
+the little and great Avon meet, the views are sublime,--this is Moore's
+"Sweet Vale of Ovoca, where the bright waters meet."
+
+From the town of Rathdrum to the Meetings there is good fly fishing in
+the spring; through the vale there is no angling in the river, in
+consequence of the copper mine water running into it from the hills on
+each side, Cronebane, and Balymurtagh.
+
+There is very little fishing in the river Dargle, as the stream is so
+small, but the scenery is magnificent, particularly in the vicinity of
+Powers Court Waterfall, it is about two miles and a half from the
+village of Powers Court.
+
+The best way to go from Dublin to fish the rivers "Avon" and "Derry,"
+would be through Bray and Rathdrum; begin here to fish the Avon, to the
+Bridge at Howard Castle; and from the Wooden Bridge angle up the Derry
+to Aghrim, I never saw so many small trout in my life as there are in
+this beautiful stream, in the spring; there are numbers of small rivers
+descending the Wicklow Mountains, towards the east, south, and west, in
+which the trout run small.
+
+We will return to Dublin and pay a visit to the once celebrated "salmon
+leap," at Leixlip, a few miles west of the City--this is a charming
+place, where a few days may be spent to advantage; the groves and rocks,
+and the romantic glen are the theme of admiration. And the Park of
+Castletown, the most beautiful in the Kingdom; from the ancient castle
+at the end of the town there are views of the river and waterfall. The
+salmon fishing has been spoiled here by the sewers of the City running
+into the Liffey.
+
+At New Bridge, on the banks of the Liffey, the station before you come
+to Kildare, on the Cork railroad, close to the celebrated "Curragh of
+Kildare," a race course of 3000 acres of verdant plain, there is capital
+trout fishing in April and May, and pretty fair sport may be had
+throughout the summer; the flies to suit the river Liffey are very
+small, and those little ones in my list for the season will answer well.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote D: The River Derry.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER LEE, AT CORK,
+
+
+Would be as good a place as any in Ireland "to go to fish," were it not
+for the "weirs," and foul play in many ways, which is practised all the
+way up, on the poor salmon; there is some little sport to be had in it
+in the spring, and after heavy rains. The flies to suit it are rather
+plain and small, blue, grey, brown, claret, and green; mallard wings,
+mixed with a little golden pheasant tail and neck feathers; blue macaw
+feelers, black head, and mixed tails like the wings. Hook B CC, in high
+water BB and No. 9.
+
+
+
+
+SALMON RIVERS OF SCOTLAND.
+
+
+We will bid adieu to old Ireland for a season, and its fair city Dublin,
+"with the blue sky over it," and step into the steam boat at Kingston
+for Holyhead, seat ourselves in a carriage, and trundle off to bonny
+Scotland--a country of many waters, stored with fine fish; we cross the
+Tweed, at Berwick, of pastoral fame, and dash into "Auld Reekey" with
+flying colours in no time.
+
+The beautiful city of Edinburgh must not be left without viewing it from
+end to end, as it is worth while to spend a day or two in it, if you
+have not been there, were it only to inspect its monuments and
+antiquities, which are numerous, in fact, the city at large is a
+complete curiosity. From here the angler will be able to take rail for
+Perth, on the banks of the famous "river Tay;" and as the line touches
+on Stirling, should it be convenient, there might be a day or two spent
+on the Forth. There are abundance of trout about four miles up the
+river, and some salmon; small plain flies suit it best.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER TAY.
+
+
+This beautiful salmon river is the principal one in Perthshire, in its
+course it expands into Loch Tay, on leaving which it finds itself a
+channel and becomes rapid for miles; it has a long course, passing the
+towns of Dunkeld and Perth, and falls into the sea at Dundee.
+
+The river Erne, after a long and rapid course falls into the Tay below
+Perth. There is also the "Timel," at the pass of Cillecrankey, on the
+road to Inverness from Dunkeld, and is fourteen miles from the latter
+place, there is a small inn close to the river, in which there is good
+trout fishing; the coach from Perth stops here to change horses and
+breakfast; it is a fine rushing stream. And also the "Keith," at Blair
+Dummond, where there is a very high waterfall, the sound of which can be
+heard at some distance; it falls into the Tay.
+
+There is excellent angling for salmon and sea trout in the river Tay,
+five or six miles above Perth, in September and October; the white trout
+are in abundance in this river in the latter month; the salmon run very
+large in this water, in April, May, and June; and are best taken with
+large salmon flies of rather a sombre hue.
+
+At the town of Dunkeld there is famous fishing in the Spring and Autumn.
+From Dundee to Perth and Dunkeld, through the "Carse of Gowrie," the
+Valley of the Tay is one of the most beautiful parts of all Scotland, in
+my estimation; at both sides of the river it is interspersed with
+excellent gentlemen's seats, and beautiful grounds.
+
+There is a fishery a little above the Bridge of Perth, which is very
+productive.
+
+The flies to suit this fine river are:--
+
+No. 1. Brown pig hair bodies, ribbed with gold, dark brown-red hackle,
+wings light brown spotted turkey tail, red tag, and a scarlet joint
+above it; the body to be made long and taper. Hook No. 8. Rather large
+for the spring.
+
+No. 2. A bronze peacock harl body, ribbed with gold tinsel, a brown-red
+hackle, and wings of mallard mixed with hen pheasant tail, the tail of
+the golden pheasant, red tail of mohair cut short, and the body to be
+thin. No. 9 hook.
+
+No. 3. Brown mohair body, with a long red-brown spotted grouse hackle;
+the wings a mixture of mallard, brown turkey, and a little hen pheasant
+tail. Hook No. 8 or 9.
+
+No. 4. A puce mohair body ribbed with silver, purple hackle over it,
+yellow tail of small topping, and a yellow hackle round the shoulder;
+wings of golden pheasant tail, with a little spotted bustard, a topping
+over all, and a black head. Hook No. 8 or 9. (A piece of wood-duck each
+side.)
+
+No. 5. An orange body ribbed with black silk and gold tinsel, topping in
+the tail, and a black-red hackle over it, (a hackle with the black
+streak running all the way through it); scarlet tag and tail; wings
+light brown turkey tail, rather lighter at the tips, a few fibres of
+wood-duck each side, the same quantity of bustard, and a bronze head.
+Hook No. 9, or for high water, No. 7.
+
+This fly will be found an excellent killer in the Tay, or any other
+river in Scotland.
+
+These, with the twelve painted and engraved flies, no man can desire
+better. Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 11, will be found excellent in low water, and
+Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, in high water.
+
+THE SEA-TROUT FLIES are orange bodies, mixed wings, jay at shoulder,
+silver tinsel, and a small topping for tail. Hook _fff_ or C, say No.
+6, Kendal.
+
+Blue body, black hackle ribbed with silver, and mallard wings. Hook CC.
+
+Green body, black hackle, gold twist, and dark brown turkey wings.
+
+Light brown body, red hackle, gold twist, two fibres of red Ibis for
+tail, and glede wings. Hook No. 6 or 7. In low water they take them
+rather small, with the tinsel, of course.
+
+Hare's ear body, ribbed with silver twist, a greyish dark hackle, the
+colour of the dark fur on the ear, mallard wings, and tail of the same.
+Make another fly mixed with orange and yellow mohair.
+
+A black fly ribbed with silver tinsel, black wing with white tips, black
+hackle, and a yellow head and tail. Hook C.
+
+It would be as well to try very small gaudy flies occasionally, as you
+may rise a grilse during the time you are fishing for white-trout. A
+grilse loves to rise at a middling gaudy fly after leaving the sea.
+Blue, green, and red flies are all good.
+
+I will give three more favorites that will not miss:--
+
+No. 1. Body brown claret colour, mixed with the fur of hare's ear,
+ribbed with silver twist, a short black hackle, wings rather light brown
+mallard, and a black head. Hook, Green Drake size, or No. 6.
+
+No. 2. A black body, tipped with orange silk, ribbed with silver twist,
+a black hackle, and dark brown turkey tail wings. Hook No. 6 or C,
+varied with blue body and black-red hackle.
+
+No. 3. A blue dun body, a dun hackle ribbed with silver twist, tail two
+fibres of mallard, and grey mallard for wings. Hook C, or No. 6. A fly
+with an olive body, and one with yellow and mallard wings, are good.
+These flies will be found great killers where the fish are plentiful,
+with a good ripple on the water, and would do admirably on the Dee and
+Don, at Aberdeen.
+
+
+
+
+THE DEE AND DON.
+
+
+These rivers run into the sea at Aberdeen, and are excellent for Salmon
+and Trout fishing--the Dee for Salmon, and the Don more for Trout, which
+are most delicious for the table; they cut as pink as Salmon. The
+white-trout fishing is good here in October, and the flies I have just
+given for the Tay will kill admirably in these rivers; and for salmon,
+will be capital ones, made a size or two larger. When I visited that
+country a few years back, I walked up the Dee one evening, and at a
+shallow ford, above the bridge, there were two men "stroke-hauling" the
+salmon as they run up out of the pool below, and which they called their
+rented fishery; they rushed into the stream with a sort of net in their
+hands, and had them out in quick time. As the fish run, the water did
+not appear to cover their backs. I was told, were it not for this
+practice, the river would be swarming.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER SPEY.
+
+
+This splendid Salmon river runs through Elginshire, and a nobler one
+there is not to be found for fishing with the salmon fly, particularly
+in high water, and in the large pools when the water is low. In summer
+there is little sport to be had, except in these pools, with a good
+ripple, and towards the sea, from the bridge at Fochabers, a capital
+station, with an excellent inn. Early in the morning and late in the
+evening, are the best times in the heat of summer. I had a fly sent me
+some years past, by McPherson Grant, about the size of C or drake size,
+with which he killed a salmon, twenty pounds weight, in the Spey. The
+body of the fly was made of yellow silk, red cock's hackle, toucan tail
+ribbed with gold, jay at the shoulder, a neat gaudily mixed wing,
+feelers of blue and yellow macaw, and a small black head. It was one of
+my flies, which, if made on large size hooks, will kill anywhere. The
+above little fly is just the sort for low water, and should be adopted,
+made very small, in the summer months. The salmon should be thrown for
+with this sort of fly, in rapid currents rushing into deep holes, where
+the fish lie. The winged larva would do well in such places for grilse
+and sea-trout. In the spring, flies the size of No. 12, are used, with
+long thin silk bodies of orange, yellow, red, and green colours, red
+hackles, jay and mixed wings, with red feathers prevailing in them, and
+black heads, ribbed with gold and silver tinsel. The fifteen painted
+Salmon Flies will be found great killers in this river, varied in size
+according to the state of the water.
+
+There is a river which runs past the town of Banff, the Keith, in which
+there is good angling a few miles up from the broad part of the water.
+Guinea hen and jay hackles kill here, with grouse and brown body,
+mallard wings mixed with turkey tail, and small size hooks, say CC or
+B.
+
+
+
+
+THE FINDHORN
+
+
+is another fine Salmon river after heavy rains, which swell it to a
+prodigious size, as shown by its channel in low water, high ridges of
+sand and gravel being thrown up on each side of its banks at every flat
+running ford in its course to the sea. The flies to suit it are:--
+
+No. 1. Brown body, gold tinsel, wings copper-coloured mallard, and a
+brown grouse hackle. Hook No. 8, and BB.
+
+No. 2. Body brown floss silk, ribbed with silver, large motley brown
+cock's tail feather over the body, and a spotted turkey tail for wings.
+No. 9 hook.
+
+No. 3. Body, puce floss silk ribbed with silver, black-red hackle, a
+mixed wing of glede, turkey tail, and mallard, with a topping over all,
+and a dark claret or purple hackle. Hook No. 9.
+
+No. 4. Light puce body with a hackle of the same colour, topping for
+tail, and a gaudily mixed wing, (not too much so) broad silver. No. 8
+hook.
+
+No. 5. Yellow body, puce hackle, mixed wings, rib of silver, and tail a
+topping. Hook No. 9. These, with the painted ones, will do the work to a
+nicety in this dashing river.
+
+The River Nairne, in these quarters, is not a bad one for grilse and
+salmon fishing in September; the town of Nairne, is the most convenient
+station, beginning a few miles up, and proceeding higher; the small
+salmon flies that I have given for the Spey will suit this river well.
+
+
+
+
+RIVERS AND LAKES ADJACENT TO FORT WILLIAM, ON THE CALEDONIAN CANAL.
+
+
+These wild and majestic scenes in the heart of the Highlands of Scotland
+are without doubt splendid, either to look upon or for the purpose of
+salmon and trout fishing, the recollections of such to the intelligent
+and contemplative mind of the gentle angler who has visited this region,
+must be lasting and agreeable. [E]The sail down the Clyde from Glasgow,
+passing Dumbarton Castle (on a rock in the water to the right), to
+Greenock, is most enchanting; opposite this fine town the angler will
+observe a grand expanse of deep and blue salt water, bordered in the
+distance with mountains dark and high, filling the imagination with awe,
+while pacing the decks of the frail but well appointed little steam boat
+Helen McGregor in the gloom, as she creaks away through briny silvered
+waves of lakes, estuaries, and straits, to Caledonia's "noblest
+work"--the Great Canal. Rounding a rough northern head land, where seven
+currents meet, of seas, sounds, and straits, Crenan in the wake,
+compassing the shore in Jura Sound, the "little Helen" struggling with
+the swelling tide, appeared to be standing still though at full speed;
+Loch Etive, on the starboard--into whose bosom, Awe's serpentine waters
+steal at solitary "Bunaw;" Lismore in the distance, Mull in our wake,
+due West--the rapid subsiding--through it "the fair one" tripped
+gallantly. In these "meetings of the waters," what oceans of salmon
+sported and played at large in their blue and fresh element, far from
+the wily bars! The "Heroine" seemed at once to be stepping up hills from
+lock to lock, till she levelled the base of "Ben Nevis;" close to which
+mighty mountain, the "fair one" squatted for the night. Glad enough were
+her living freight to get on firm footing, and wend their way across a
+mossy plain, without a rolling stone, to a little house under a hill,
+that kept beds "well aired," and "usquebaugh," for travellers. At the
+dawn of morning, through the haze, could be descried, "Fair Helen,"
+smoking--her steam was up--sitting, "sidey for sidey," by the lofty Ben,
+the sight of which, to look up at, was staggering. He had yet his
+nightcap on of hazy grey, but enough of the giant hill could be denoted
+that his base on that side was hewn away, facilitating the great track.
+This morning, away went the "fair one," rattling like "sticks a
+breaking." Hurrah for Fort William--a voice, "and the Camerons of
+Lochiel,"--here we are at Crystal Laggan, Lochiel, and Lochey's
+excellent waters for the Salmon Trout--(I will give the flies to suit
+them a little further on). "Fair Helen" began her movements slowly for
+some time, creeping through locks, o'er hills, in basins--Macomer on the
+starboard,--Lochiel, farewell!--now skimming into saltless "Lochey's"
+(famed for its ancient mountain clans) soft and balmy waters; through
+the lake she dashed, breast high--a strait ahead--steaming by Balalister
+at seven knots by the log, soundings the deep nine, "Fair Helen" entered
+the gorge, and now rushing down an inclined plain, to the fear of the
+timid, and delight of the stouthearted, double quick did run the "fair
+one," making up for lost time experienced in the "meeting of the
+waters"--through lock gates, up hills, &c., now through an embankment,
+nearing Fort Augustus, and the head of Lochness, down she settled
+between two stupendous lock gates. "What aw-fu' gates!" What work
+bestowed on them--what an enormous depth are they--the wet and muddy
+sides of which beat chilly. Down, "down below," went the "fair one,"
+till she levelled the golden waters of--"O, that lovely lake,"--into
+which she slipped like a fairy elf. After her cold incarceration, "Helen
+the Fair" tripped merrily down the centre of the "fathomless Lochness,"
+the sun breaking, beamed out upon us cheeringly after the chill and hazy
+morning. Like looking-glass did that sun-lit lake appear, stretching
+away before us, losing itself in the distance, bordered by hills and
+mountains on either side, till on the larboard was seen Morrison's
+lonely glen and meandering stream. We neared the bay, sounded whistle,
+and lowered steam. A few minutes more, and off went the Helen McGregor,
+making head like a waddling duck through the valley of golden[F] waters.
+Hush! The mountain sylph is heard in the cabin. Hush! by the powers,
+it's Phillips, warbling the incantation of the wizard of the glen.
+
+          "Farewell to the mountain,
+           And sun-lighted vale."
+
+O, shade of Wilson! the soul of Scottish song. Angler, may you rest in
+peace. On the starboard was observed the "Falls of Fyres," descending,
+perpendicularly, over a craggy precipice--most curious. "Bonny Helen"
+slid smoothly along, till, at the "heel of the evening," we entered the
+last embankment of Caledonia's Grand Canal, just where the beautiful
+river Ness issues out of "that lake," opening into a lovely and fertile
+valley, in the centre of which is a boat upset, an antiquity, covered
+with motley trees. A few minutes more and we were safely landed at the
+quay of the fair and sweet metropolis of the ancient Highlands,
+Inverness, seated on a hill above the river. O, I sigh for the days that
+will never return! High and airy rock, I split upon you twice, steering
+northwise fra' bonny Dundee, through the "Carse o' Gowrie," by Laburnam,
+to famed Dunkeld, on Tay's noble waters; Blair Athol and Fore's Macbeth
+crossed the source of Spay, through a waste and dreary plain, with
+villages far apart, where ran those weirdy thinly kilted lads to see the
+"four-in-hand;" up hill, down dale, and heathered moor we steered, till
+at length we galloped towards the glooming, by the graves of dark
+Culloden's blood-stained field--nearing the city, on went the drag, and
+over a well macadamised road, "knapped" by the hardy highland wight, we
+hurried into Inverness. Alas! this bronchial asthma, that shuts me from
+that fishing. Fond memory brings the light of other days around me.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[Footnote E: The Author's trip.]
+
+[Footnote F: There is a kind of slimy weed, of a yellow colour, that is
+produced at the bottom of the lake, which causes that appearance, and is
+injurious to fly fishing in the river.]
+
+
+
+
+SALMON FLIES FOR FORT WILLIAM, &c. &c.
+
+
+The flies to suit the various waters surrounding Fort William are
+generally of a medium size and middling gaudy. The engraved ones in my
+list, for Salmon in general, from No. 2 to 11, will kill well. The list
+for the season for Trout.
+
+No. 1. Light blue body, rib of silver, guinea hen hackle, blue jay,
+topping in tail; wings, teal, mallard, guinea hen rump feather, peacock
+wing feather, and blue and yellow feelers of macaw. No. 9 hook, or BB.
+
+No. 2. A small size fly like the above, varied with black floss body. A
+good sort for the Lochy. Hook C or CC.
+
+No. 3. A fly like the first, varied in the body thus: yellow tag, silver
+tints, and a small topping for tail; a blue mohair joint, then a red
+one, another blue joint, then an orange one under the fly at the
+shoulder, and a blue head. Hook No. 9 or BB; a C for lake Trout.
+
+No. 4. A claret fly, with wings and tail like the first one, varied
+with yellow-brown body and hackle, and ribbed with gold. BB hook, and CC
+for lake Trout, with a bronze head.
+
+No. 5. A fly with grass-green floss silk, ribbed with gold, black-red
+hackle, and blue head; the wings and tail like the first. Vary the body
+with different greens. Hooks from CC up to No. 9.
+
+No. 6. A black body, with black legs, silver tinsel and cock of the
+north rump feathers for the wings; some call it the "copperkeilsey."
+Hook C, CC and B. This is the celebrated Kenloch of Kenloch.
+
+
+
+
+SALMON FLIES FOR THE NESS.
+
+
+No. 1. Body half black and yellow, a jay and purple hackle ribbed with
+silver, orange head, mallard, peacock wing and jungle cock wings. Hook
+BB.
+
+No. 2. Body black hair, orange tag, ribbed with gold and silver, black
+hackle, jay at the shoulder, wings mixed, of guinea hen, teal, two small
+tipped feathers, and two toppings over all a little longer, tail a small
+topping, and a bronze head. Hook B or BB. This will be found a great
+killer in the Ness and Beauley, a beautiful stream at the head of the
+Murray Firth.
+
+No. 3. Body yellow-brown pig hair, ribbed with gold, small, topping for
+tail, red cock's hackle and blue jay, wings of golden pheasant tail,
+mixed with mallard, neck feather, teal, and guinea hen, green parrot and
+macaw feelers, and a black head. Hook No. 9 or B; for low water, C. This
+is a capital fly for either the Ness or Beauley. These, with the painted
+flies, made small, will suit well.
+
+There is a kind of yellowish slimy weed on the bottom of the Ness which
+proceeds from Loch Ness, that is injurious to the propagation of the
+salmon of late years, and it affects the fly fishing considerably, to
+the great disappointment and vexation of the good anglers of the north.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER SHIN.
+
+
+Classic Shin, on whose heath-clad banks and flowing waters the great and
+good fly fishers roam, who never saw "Kelt of Baggit" there--the haunt
+of monarchs of the sea, and shepherd swains that watch His flocks, and
+feed His Dams--the theme of poetess, and the learned. O, "Ephemera," how
+beautifully written is that "Book of the Salmon;" how exquisitely
+delineated that "Ova;" how admirably that "golden fish," which bounds up
+falls and cataracts in that purling "meandering" stream; how charming to
+gaze upon that lovely "Goddess of the Brooks"--the famed Ondine--how
+rightly represented. Oh! excellent "Ephemera"--my good and constant
+friend--the "great and good Will Blacker's" tears (I blush) descend like
+rain through these sky lights, and damp the very sheets my palsied pen
+doth blot. Alas! well-a-day-that noble salmon fishing--what sport! These
+lean and bellows'd sides are winded--this flattened chest, once full,
+now dented--these calves, once plump, now thin and gone--these shins,
+once clad, are now protruding. The "puss" more chronic heaves, yes, I
+still can fish! These cheeks, how pale (their bones "can't grind"), once
+rosy, the pride of more than "Reva's" lovely blooming rose, my blessed
+bosom friend, my wife, whose lamp is trimmed. O, "Ephemera!" friend,
+when shall we meet, with rod in hand, on pure and crystal Shin?--
+
+          "When summer comes,
+           The heather bells entice,
+           Our feet to roam.
+           The mournful dove,
+           Within the dale invites,
+           To peace and love."
+
+O, summer's glorious sun! I await thee, to tan this shrivelled, shorn
+hide. O! come, and regenerate this sapless tree with heavenly warmth.
+
+          My heart's in the Highlands,
+            My heart is not here;
+          My heart's in the Highlands,
+            Chasing the deer,
+          Chasing the wild deer,
+            And following the roe,
+          My heart's in the Highlands,
+            Wherever I go.
+
+I cannot add a fly to the list for the Shin in the "Book of the Salmon,"
+by "Ephemera," except that I submit to the notice of the great salmon
+fishers of Shin those model flies in my list for trial, which, no doubt,
+will kill. I never fished the Shin, although I have been twice near it.
+Mr. Young, of Invershin, the renter of the river, will show gentlemen
+angling there every possible facility, civility, and politeness. The
+"Queen's Gap," in the cruives, is lifted on sabbath days.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER THURSO.
+
+
+The Thurso, famed for its fresh run salmon throughout the year, is the
+most northern river in Scotland. The town of Thurso, in Caithness-shire,
+is the best station, and the route, from Aberdeen to Wick.
+
+The salmon flies for Thurso are rather of a plain and sombre cast,
+varying in size through the fishing months. The river is remarkably high
+and full in the spring, in consequence of the melting of the snow and
+ice, and at that period requires large flies, like No. 12; further on in
+the season they are much smaller in size, like Nos. 1, 2, 3, to No. 11,
+which are capital ones for it, and the other engravings are likewise
+good in low water for the fresh run grilse. Throughout the summer months
+the following are also good for this river:--
+
+No. 1. Body black floss silk, orange tag, tip of gold, small topping for
+tail, black-red hackle, mallard wings mixed with peacock wing, a topping
+over all, and a black head. Hook BB, B.
+
+No. 2. Body claret silk, claret hackle, ribbed with gold, a short
+topping tail, with silver tip, mallard wings mixed with tipped feathers,
+macaw feelers, and a black head. Hook No. 9, or B. This is an admirable
+fly for lake trout, on C hook.
+
+No. 3. Body yellow-brown mohair, red hackle, a short topping for tail,
+ribbed with gold, claret hackle round the shoulder, and mixed wings
+rather grey, and inclined to be gaudy. No. 9 hook, or BB. C, for lake
+trout.
+
+No. 4. A black fly, with yellow head, tail of mohair, black hackle,
+ribbed with broad silver, wings black turkey tail with white tip, varied
+with brown turkey tail. A fly of each is useful. Hook No. 8 or 9.
+
+No. 5. A green fly, both body and hackle, mixed wings rather gaudy,
+ribbed with gold, orange head, topping in tail, varied with a black-red
+hackle, and light green silk body ribbed with gold twist. Hook B or BB.
+
+No. 6. A dark brown fly, brown red hackle and body, ribbed with gold
+twist, and glede wings, varied with brown spotted turkey tail feather or
+mallard, one of each. Hook No. 8 or 9, B for low water.
+
+There is a good deal of guinea hen and teal feathers used in the flies
+of these northern rivers, which appears to be an improvement, with
+jungle-cock and wood-duck.
+
+There is a river issues out of Loch Naver, a short way from the source
+of the Thurso, which falls into the sea in the same direction west of
+the town of Thurso; it has a winding course, and would be a very good
+river for salmon were it well preserved.
+
+There are numerous rivers running into the firths on the east side of
+Sutherland, which produce salmon and fine trout that run up from the
+sea:--the Wick and Helmsdale in Caithness, the Brora near Golspie, the
+Dornoch into which the river Shin flows, Drummond and Loch Clash,
+Dingwall river and lake, and the river Beauley at the head of the Murray
+Firth.
+
+Lord Lovat is the owner of this river, and he is very willing to grant
+permission to gentlemen to fish on sending in their cards.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER ESK.
+
+
+The North and South Esk are rivers of Forfar, falling into the sea near
+Montrose. The North Esk is the best of the two, and affords excellent
+angling for salmon and sea-trout in August and September. These rivers
+may be visited by rail from Aberdeen or Dundee, at the present day. I
+have been told by a gentleman residing at Forfar, that the North Esk was
+sometimes swarming with salmon and grilse to an incredible extent. The
+wealthy proprietor of the river will give instant permission to
+gentlemen to fly fish, information of which he can obtain at the town of
+Montrose, on the Great Northern Railroad.
+
+The flies to suit these rivers are small and plain. A small claret fly
+with mallard wings; a fly with brown body and a furnace hackle, mallard
+wings mixed with blue peacock neck feather, strips of mallard in tail,
+and gold. Hook C or CC.
+
+An orange body fly of floss silk, a black hackle, gold, the wings mixed
+of light and dark mallard, the light feathers are found under the wings
+of the wild drake on the body, the brown copper-coloured ones on its
+back growing down from the roots of the wings, (use floss silk for the
+bodies). A black fly, with silver and black hackle, and teal wings mixed
+with blue peacock neck. Hook C or CC.
+
+
+
+
+LOCH LEVEN.
+
+
+The trout fly fisher staying at Stirling, or its neighbourhood, on the
+Great Northern, will find himself agreeably situated in the centre of
+many beautiful streams, to which he may have easy access. At the town of
+Kinross, by the head of Loch Leven, is a nice station for the lake, and
+at the village of Largo, to fish the river Leven, below which place it
+enters the sea at the mouth of the Firth of Forth. A short distance from
+Largo, near the Promontory, is the town of Anstruther, famous for a
+monument to the memory of "Maggy Lauder." I had the pleasure of once
+seeing it.
+
+On the Edinburgh and Northern line from Stirling, is the town of Kettle,
+on the "River Eden," a good station. There are grilse and sea-trout run
+up it out of the bay of St. Andrew's, in the spring and autumn. Try
+about the town of Cupar, and near its source, at "Auchtermuchty."
+
+The flies to suit it are, hare's ears, black hackles, red hackles, and
+furnace flies, varied in size.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER ALLAN.
+
+
+This is a good stream for trout fishing; it enters the Forth below
+Stirling, just above the town of Aloa. It has an extraordinary winding
+course, flowing through a picturesque country, and famed in poetic lore
+as "Allan's winding stream."
+
+          "On the banks of Allan water,
+             When the sweet spring time did fall,
+           Lived the miller's lovely daughter,
+             The fairest of them all.
+           For his bride a soldier sought her,
+             And a winning tongue had he;
+           On the banks of Allan's water,
+             There was none so gay as she."
+
+Sea-trout and grilse run up the Allan in spring and autumn, which afford
+good sport. The small trout flies in my list suit this river capitally.
+
+A few miles above Stirling there is good fishing up to Loch Katrine,
+commencing below the town of Dumblane, on the Scottish Central Line, and
+fish up to "Callander," on the east of Ben Lomond. Dumblane is famed as
+the birth place of "Charming Jessie," in Burns' poetic muse--
+
+          "The sun had gan' doun
+           O'er the lofty Ben Lomond,
+           And left the red clouds
+           To preside o'er the scene,
+           When lanely I stray'd in
+           The calm summer gla'ming,
+           To muse on sweet Jessie,
+           The flower of Dumblane."
+
+There is another stream that runs down from "Aberfildy" to Stirling, in
+which there is excellent trout fishing. It has a winding course, falling
+over rocks, rushing through gorges, down precipices in its way, where it
+forms deep holes for itself, which in the summer are the haunts of large
+and fine trout.
+
+The flies to suit it are, small dark hare's ears, small black hackles,
+red and black ants, browns, small duns, and hare's ear and yellow, the
+blue blow, the brown midge, and in the spring, the March brown, and
+stone fly, for large fish.
+
+There is a very nice stream running out of "Loch Lomond" into the river
+Clyde, at the town of Dumbarton, in which there are sea-trout in the
+spring and autumn. They take very small dun flies, silver greys and
+black midges, the dark hare's ear, and red hackle.
+
+The picturesque Loch Lomond affords good trout fishing along its
+gravelly shores, and near the islands. There are two flies that kill
+well in it, which are as follows: Black body and hackle, tip of silver,
+wings of the short bronze feathers of the back of the peacock. No. 6
+hook, or _fff_. The other one is, red body, red hackle, and a wing like
+the first, both tailed with two fibres of the feather of the wings. I
+received these two flies from a gentleman, one time when I was at
+Glasgow, who confirmed them as "out-and-outers."
+
+There are fish called Pullen, very numerous in Loch Lomond, the shape
+and size of herrings, which are also numerous in Loch Neagh, in the
+north of Ireland. They sell in Belfast as "fresh water herrings."
+
+When a young man, I denominated Belfast my favorite home, among my dear
+friends of the rod and gun. Newry, in the County of Down, was the home
+of my ancestors. My first crying was behind "Cronebaun" hills, in the
+County of Wicklow, near the "Ovoca," famed for "sweetness" and poetic
+muse of Erin's humble bard, Tom Moore.
+
+Looking over the Wicklow sands, where many a poor fisherman foundered,
+in the village[G] of "Red Cross," was the first sight my "mama" got of
+me; like a cloistered nun, I was covered in a veil, which, they say,
+would always keep me from the "briny depths." Many "crosses" have I had
+since January 14th, 1814, the "hard winter" which corresponds with that
+of last year. Mature years of experience make wise men. Forty and one
+summers having rolled over my head, the dishevelled ringlets of which
+are now sprinkled with "honorable grey"--bashful man, hide your
+blushes--my ruddy tint flies when I tell you, my dear anglers, that my
+sincere desire is to love every good man, as God has taught me. There
+is no one I despise, disposed at all times to revere superiors,
+condescend to those who perchance may be my inferiors, continent to kind
+friends, and forgiving to enemies, if any. Unless we profit by charity,
+all other profit seems void.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote G: The mansion is roofless, says "Rory O'More."]
+
+
+
+
+LOCH AWE AND RIVER.
+
+
+This celebrated lake, on the western side of Scotland, may be
+conveniently reached from Glasgow. There are steam boats sail two or
+three times a week up Loch Fine to Inverary, where there can be every
+information gained respecting conveyances to the inn at Loch Awe, where
+boats and men are to be had. It is a long and narrow lake in places, and
+in summer most cheering and pleasant to the fly fishers resorting there.
+Good angling may be found in the river running by Glenorchy into the
+lake, where it again issues out of it, and is called the River Awe.
+
+It runs with a full and rapid stream, has but a short course, falling
+into the salt water lake, or estuary, called "Etive," opposite the
+island of Mull.
+
+There could be no better river or lake in the kingdom for salmon, were
+it not for the "cruives," that, of course, "weed them all away," the
+proprietor of which is most obliging to grant permission to gentlemen
+anglers who visit it. The purity of these waters facilitates the
+propagation of the salmon wonderfully, were they allowed ingress and
+egress. When the fishing laws are altered, and a reformation made, there
+will be grand fly fishing, as good as can be found in Norway. In the
+neighbourhood of good salmon and trout fishing rivers, the people, whom
+the anglers employ, are very much benefited, and particularly
+innkeepers, on their banks, and in towns where there is not much
+traffic. The angler's heart is "in fishing" wherever he goes.
+
+The salmon and trout flies to suit Loch Awe and river (my memoranda are
+generally correct).
+
+No. 1. An original and most killing fly for salmon:--Body black ostrich
+harl, ribbed with gold, a tag of yellow mohair at the tail, tail a very
+short topping, a rich black-red hackle rolled over the black sparingly,
+and a mallard wing, made to stand well up and apart. Hook BB, or No. 9.
+C for lake trout.
+
+No. 2. A brown body, black hackle ribbed with gold, and grouse wings.
+Hook CC.
+
+No. 3. Bronze peacock body, ribbed with gold twist, black-red cock's
+hackle, and dark brown grouse rump feather mixed with turkey tail for
+wings. Hook BB. C for trout in the lake.
+
+No. 4. A cinnamon fly, with glede wings mixed with jungle cock, and
+ribbed with gold. B hook. No. 9 for the river.
+
+No. 5. A black body, silver tinsel, black hackle, full teal wings,
+yellow head, and tail. Hook B.
+
+No. 6. A dark green fly ribbed with gold, silver pheasant tail mixed
+with mallard for wings, a small topping in tail, and orange head. Hook
+BB, or C.
+
+A blue fly with teal wings and blue hackle ribbed with silver, topping
+in the tail, and red head of mohair, hook B, or BB; and a fly with
+peacock harl body, black hackle, hen pheasant tail wings mixed, and the
+tail of the cock bird. Hook B, or C for trout.
+
+The large trout flies in my list for the season are excellent ones for
+the lake, and Nos. 3, 4, 5, and 11, for salmon.
+
+There is good salmon fishing to be had in Islay, south of Mull. The
+steam boat from Glasgow calls there twice a week. Mr. Campbell, the
+laird, resides in the island, who gives permission, unhesitatingly, to
+gentlemen making application to him.
+
+The river is at the landing place of the steamer; the salmon, which are
+numerous in it, take small gaudy flies--blue body and hackle, brown,
+claret, red, black, and green flies.
+
+There is also salmon fishing to be had in "Jura Isle," a little to the
+north of Islay.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVERS IRVINE, GIRVAN, AND STINCHER, IN AYRSHIRE.
+
+
+In this westerly quarter may be found excellent Salmon and Trout fishing
+in the spring and autumn in these beautiful streams, which can be
+reached from the city of Glasgow every day by rail.
+
+The Stincher is the best for salmon, the flies for which are browns,
+blacks, reds, and greys, all plainly dressed ones. I will describe one
+here, a great favourite of a gentleman friend of mine, Mr.
+Murdoch,--Stephen Blair, &c. At Glasgow, some years ago, on my stay in
+that city; I give his name, as he used to call my flies "mest noble
+flees," and laughed heartily to see the manoeuvring of the hook in my
+fingers.
+
+The body of Mr. Murdoch's fly was in joints of pig hair picked out, and
+at the head a black-red hackle; first, there was a tip of gold, a tag of
+yellow hair, then a joint of orange, a joint of fiery brown, a joint of
+claret, and a joint of black pig hair or mohair, spaniel hair is best;
+the wings a light brown turkey tail feather with white tips, tied on
+topping a little longer than the bend of the hook, a very small topping
+in the tail. Hook No. 8 for high water.
+
+Mr. Murdoch was a native of Ayr, and a keen fisher, and used to speak
+much of his angling in the "waters o' Doon."
+
+From Ayr, the angler may proceed to the lakes of Cumberland, _via_
+Carlisle, Keswick, and Bowness.
+
+
+
+
+RIVERS OF WALES.--THE CONWAY.
+
+
+There would be excellent salmon fishing in Wales were the rivers
+properly preserved. The Conway (North Wales) is a beautiful stream, and
+it is a great pity it should be neglected; however, I believe it will be
+very soon protected from the nets, &c., as there are a few spirited
+gentlemen in the neighbourhood of Llanwrist and Aberconway, who will
+rent and preserve it for fly fishing only, all the way up from the town
+of Conway to Capel Curig. The salmon flies in my list, made on small
+size hooks, will suit it well, varied according to the state of the
+water; and my list of trout flies will be found admirable for it.
+Information respecting season tickets, and rules of the fishing, may be
+obtained at the Inn at Llanwrist.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER DOVEY.
+
+
+The Dovey is a nice stream, but runs off very soon, like all others
+descending from the mountains. The salmon would be, nevertheless, very
+plentiful in it, as there are many capital large pools for them to
+haunt, if they were allowed to reach them. It is so very much netted at
+its mouth that it cannot be possible for fly fishing to be good. The
+neighbourhood of Machynlleth is the best place to fly fish it. In the
+spring and autumn the salmon flies in the plates will be found admirable
+for it, made on CC hooks, and C for low water. The furnace and black-red
+hackles are excellent local flies, made on C hooks, for summer. Sewen
+take small duns, and the Cochybonddu.
+
+
+
+
+RIVER TIVEY.
+
+
+The Tivey is considered the very best and most prolific river in all
+Wales. It has a long and winding course to Cardigan, and before it
+reaches this place, at Newcastle Emlyn, it is a picture of a river for
+salmon fishing. Lampeter, higher up, is a very good station, near to
+which place are the "Tivey Pools," where the fish lie in low water. My
+list of both salmon and trout flies would be excellent for the Tivey,
+dressed on small hooks.
+
+
+
+
+THE WYE, MONMOUTH.
+
+
+The Wye, at the town of Monmouth, and up towards Leominster, is an
+excellent river for salmon; and the Usk, in the same quarter, is also
+good for salmon and fine trout. The latter river is a very short way
+from the Wye, and may be conveniently reached from Monmouth to
+Abergavenny, close to which town it passes, and enters the mouth of the
+Severn at Newport; the Wye falls into it higher up, at Chepstow. The
+painted flies in the plates will be just the sort for the Wye made
+smaller, and will suit the Usk admirably, dressed smaller still.
+
+There is a local fly or two which I will give, viz.--Body yellow mohair
+bordering on orange, a red ginger cock's hackle long in the fibre rolled
+over it, ribbed with plate gold, a red tail, and light brown turkey tail
+feather with white tips for the wings. Hook No. 9.
+
+Another fly with the same body, and wings of the bittern's neck, two
+feathers should be tied in, and the whole to stand well up.
+
+Another fly, with brown body, brown hackle, brown wings, and tail,
+ribbed with gold. The Dun Palmer, in the Plate No. 7, and the Dun
+Salmon fly, No. 6, made on smaller size hooks, will be found excellent
+ones. Nos. 4, 5, and 10, are also good, the latter for high water. Never
+were there better flies seen for the Welsh rivers in general than these,
+made to suit the state of the water.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVER SEVERN.
+
+
+The river Severn has its source in Montgomeryshire, takes a long course,
+passing the towns of Welshpool and Shrewsbury. It is a fine stream, and
+there could be no better one were it well preserved. There is excellent
+greyling fishing below Shrewsbury, but little or no salmon fishing. "Mr.
+Taylor," in his Book on Angling, who was a native of this place, says,
+"that he hooked and killed a greyling in the Severn, below Shrewsbury,
+five pounds weight."
+
+THE RIVER THAME rises in Wales, near Bishop's Castle, and joins the
+Severn below Worcester. It produces excellent fish, particularly trout
+and greyling. Begin to fish at Ludlow, and move down the stream. The
+flies in my list are good for it.
+
+
+
+
+THE TRENT
+
+
+is a good river for greyling fishing, near the town of Newark, on the
+Nottingham and Lincoln Railroad. The flies to suit it are small blue
+duns, cochybonddus, small black hackles, orange duns, red hackles
+without wings, wren hackles, small grouse hackles, ash duns, willow
+flies, blue blows, &c.
+
+The well known Lakes and Rivers of Cumberland are excellent for fly
+fishing, particularly Ulswater for trout, and the beautiful Lake
+Windermere for a fish called Char. These delicious fish take a fly like
+the sea-trout, which they resemble in shape, although much darker in
+colour. A small fly made on No. 8 hook, or No. 6, with puce body and
+hackle, ribbed with silver, the wings of brown mallard, and a tail the
+same feather as the wings; a fly with an orange body, black hackle, and
+mallard wings; another with woodcock wings, orange body, and furnace red
+hackle; a fly with a bronze peacock harl body, rib of gold, black
+hackle, and jay wings, varied with light grey mallard for wings; and my
+list of trout flies for the season will be found excellent for the
+trout in the lakes and rivers.
+
+Bowness, Patterdale, Poolybridge, and Keswick, are all nice stations,
+where men and boats may be had conveniently.
+
+
+
+
+RIVERS OF YORK AND DERBY.
+
+
+The beautiful streams of these counties are excellent for trout fishing,
+and the scenery varied and pleasing throughout. The river Wharf is a
+delightful stream in the neighbourhood of Bolton Abbey, a well known
+place of "Hofland." See his painting of it, which gives a good idea of
+the magnificent scene. Harrowgate, and Harewood Bridge, would be very
+convenient stations for the fly fisher to stay at. The greyling are good
+here, and the small duns, wren, and grouse hackles, do well; the
+Dottrille hackle, and black and red hackle, with yellow waxed silk
+bodies, and starling wing, are good; a small fly with peacock body,
+black hackle, and starling wing. No. 13 hook, or 12. These flies may be
+seen in my list. They will also kill well at Driffield.
+
+
+
+
+THE HODDER.
+
+
+Whitewell is a favourite spot for anglers to meet during the May fly
+season, it is beautifully situated for scenery and sport; my list of
+flies will be found excellent killers in this stream for both trout and
+greyling; there is a comfortable inn here.
+
+
+
+
+RIVERS OF DERBY.
+
+
+Derbyshire is watered by many delightful streams, which abound with
+trout and greyling, the owners of which allow the angler to fish without
+the least hesitation on making application and sending in his card.
+
+The River Dove, at "Dove Dale," is as charming a place for a few days
+fly fishing as any in the County, and is famed for the pleasing
+recollections of the early days of "Walton and Cotton's" rambles on its
+banks. There is an inn at the entrance of the Dale, and Mapleton and
+Ashbourne convenient stations. The flies to suit the Dove are, small
+duns of various sorts, greys, and browns, as described in my list for
+the season, there cannot be better flies for it if made to answer the
+state of the water.
+
+The beautiful river Wye, at the town of "Bakewell," is a capital stream
+for the fly, and many a good angler makes his appearance here in the
+drake season; the winged larva and May fly in the engraving would do
+well on windy days, when the natural May fly did not show itself in
+great numbers; my list for the season will be found excellent ones for
+the Wye.
+
+The Derwent is also another nice fly-fishing stream for trout and fine
+greyling; the best places to proceed to fish would be Baslow and Rowsley
+Bridge, my list of flies will suit it well.
+
+
+
+
+THE RIVERS WANDLE AND COLN.
+
+
+These rivers are convenient to London, and are famous for fly fishing:
+they are in general private property, but the owners are very civil in
+granting one or two days' angling on application and sending your card.
+There are two or three places on the Wandle that may be angled in at
+will, about the neighbourhood of Carshalton, and Ackbridge; and on the
+Coln, at Watford and Rickmansworth. The flies to suit the Wandle are
+generally well known, which are--the Carshalton cocktail, dark hare's
+ear, blue and pale duns, little peacock fly, furnace fly, small soldier
+fly, and little black red palmers, the little brown midge and the March
+brown made very small, small black gnat, and red ant, these flies may be
+seen in my list for the season, they cannot fail to afford diversion.
+
+The flies to suit the river Coln, are--the brown Caperer, large cinnamon
+fly, brown-red palmer, and Orl fly with a dun hackle and yellow body,
+the stone fly, March brown, brown grouse hackle, wren-tail fly, large
+red ant, black gnat, and dun drake, a red hackle fly made full with the
+red and grey tail feather of the partridge mixed, bronze peacock harl
+body. Hook No. 8.
+
+The Great Whirling Dun, Red Spinner, the Coachman, and the Large
+Governor flies will be found with those good for the evening, with a
+nice ripple on the water.
+
+The river Itchen, at Itchen Abbas, Hants, is a very nice stream for fly
+fishing, and the Avon at Salisbury Plain, the Kennet, at Hungerford,
+Berks, is also good, and the river Mole at Leatherhead, Surrey, is a
+beautiful stream for fly fishing, in the vicinity of Randal's Park. It
+has been preserved in the park for years, and abounds with large trout.
+
+Whitchurch and Stockbridge are also good places for the fly, in
+Hampshire; and the famed "Lea" at Ware, the resort of many a good London
+angler; the river Stour is another fine trout stream, it receives the
+rivers of Wilts in its course, waters Hampshire, and falls into the sea
+at Christchurch. My list of flies will kill here.
+
+There are many very beautiful rivers in Devonshire for trout fishing,
+which are, the Ex at Exeter and Tiverton, the Ax at Axminster, and the
+Tamar which separates Cornwall and Devon, a very considerable river, in
+which there are salmon and fine white trout in the spring of the year,
+March and April. Launceston would be the most convenient station for the
+tourist angler to fish this fine river.
+
+The salmon in it take small flies, with claret and dark brown bodies,
+ribbed with gold, mallard wings mixed with a little tipped feather, and
+tails of the same; at high water they rise and take more gaudily
+dressed ones, made on B and BB hooks.
+
+I sent the colours to a gentleman to suit this river some time ago, who
+told me it would be an excellent one for salmon, were it well taken care
+of. He made his own flies.
+
+I have also sent fishing colours, hackles, and flies, to suit every
+river, or nearly so, in Great Britain, to gentlemen residing on their
+banks, which has been a great advantage to me in obtaining the knowledge
+of the local flies, but in general my flies have succeeded best in the
+hands of those Fly fishers who have made it their study and practice.
+
+It will be seen that I have not withheld the local flies for each river
+from accompanying my own, and those great anglers who visit Norway will
+find the Salmon flies in the plates most killing, and it will be a great
+advantage to them to have this book in their possession, to give them a
+knowledge of fishing colours, and the various modes of dressing both
+salmon and trout flies, the delineation of which they will see I have
+given to a nicety, having studied from my youth, and learned from my own
+observation.
+
+I have been all my life too fond of fishing, which has been sometimes to
+my disadvantage, but I loved the scenes of woods, green hills, of
+singing birds, meadows, and fresh air, rushing rivers, and above all, to
+look at the beautiful fish jumping to catch the fly on the surface of
+the water.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of Minnow tackle, &c.]
+
+
+
+
+BAIT FISHING.
+
+THE RIVER THAMES.
+
+
+After jumping over old "tower'd" Thames on our way to the south, we now
+return to him to wind up this little chapter on rivers; there cannot be
+a better river for the purposes of trolling, spinning, or bait fishing
+in general, than the Thames, there is not a town on its banks from
+Richmond to Oxford, that does not afford capital angling with the bait,
+and in many places large trout may be caught with the fly in the
+evening, these large trout are very delicious and grow fat on the
+quantities of minnows and gudgeons which they prey upon, and of which
+there are an inexhaustible supply. I have taken a few of them with
+large size blood red flies, brown flies, and large palmers of the like
+colours. The flies Nos. 4, 5, and 7, in the plates, are just the sort
+made a size or two smaller; Hampton Court, Sunbury, Weybridge, and
+Pentonhook, are likely places to rise a fish about seven in the evening,
+and early in the morning from six to eight. A light general rod with
+spare tops for fly fishing, about sixteen or seventeen feet long, with
+reel, and line of sixty yards, would be about the sort I would
+recommend, made of good hickory, or split cane; this sort of rod would
+suit any purpose, either for trolling, spinning, or for barbel fishing
+with the lob worm, &c.
+
+Mr. Stoddart in his "Work on Angling" speaks very highly of worm and
+bait fishing in general.
+
+And "Mr. Salter's Book," is a very good authority for trolling and
+spinning. The greater part of the fishermen and punt men on the Thames
+are capital hands at using the trolling and spinning tackle, so that the
+young angler who desires to become expert at this sort of fishing, can
+easily gain instruction from these civil men; they are also good barbel
+and trout fishers with the lob worm.
+
+There are many good trout caught by spinning, and when bait fishing with
+the lob worm for barbel in places where they would rise and take the fly
+were they let alone, this is the cause of their being so scarce, as
+trout from half-a-pound and upwards will take the worm.
+
+The Thames produces many kinds of fish--trout, perch, barbel, pike,
+roach, dace, carp, chub, gudgeons, minnows, eels, &c. As all these fish
+take the bait in general, I will here give the proper sorts for each,
+with the tackle to suit the purpose, and will show the angler which to
+use to his best advantage in every river he fishes in.
+
+
+
+
+PERCH.
+
+
+The Perch is a very handsome fish, and is best taken with the worm or
+live minnow, the larger size ones take the latter bait well and the
+smaller ones take the brandling and red worms best, using a No. 7 or 8
+hook, and put on two worms at a time; use a small cork float, and as
+many shot on the line as will keep the bait steady about a foot from the
+bottom; use fine tackle in clear deep water, and keep as much out of
+their view as possible; the Paternoster is an excellent tackle for
+taking them, baited with live minnows in rapid waters near the sides of
+weirs, roving with a small live minnow, having a shot on the line of
+fine gut to keep it in mid water. If you know there are pike in the
+place, use fine gymp instead of gut, as these fish are taken in the same
+manner.
+
+
+
+
+BARBEL.
+
+
+The Barbel are strong fish, and require strong tackle to catch them, a
+No. 4 or 5 hook tied on stout single gut, and have a small bullet with a
+hole through it on your line, and a shot about a foot from the hook to
+be stationary, to prevent the bullet from running down on the bait; when
+you have a bite he draws the line through the bullet gently at first let
+him do so for a little, and then strike not too hard. The best bait for
+him is the lob worm well scoured.
+
+[Illustration: Plate of Pike tackle, &c.]
+
+I consider this a famous plan for catching salmon, when they will not
+rise at the fly, in deep running streams. If you can find out where
+there is one lying drop it into the water above him and let it fall
+towards his nose, and he will be almost sure to take it. In low water
+you can throw the lob worm, if well scoured, on a gut casting line, like
+the fly, on a No. 6 hook; moving up the river, throwing it in before
+you, and allowing it to fall gently with the current till you feel a
+bite, raising your hand after allowing time, the same as if it had taken
+the fly; you may wade up the river at convenient places with your boots,
+try Cording's waterproofs, in the Strand.
+
+There is good trout fishing after rains, with the running line, with
+shot attached; use gut hooks No. 7 or 8, and let the bait run with the
+stream gently, keeping the line taut, and when it stops rise your hand a
+little to free it, allowing it to move on again, and when you feel a
+bite wait a little till he takes it, and then strike gently, if a small
+fish pull him out, if a large one play him. The best places to throw in
+are at the sides of streams, in the smooth parts, in eddies, and where
+the current of the pool is breaking off at the foot into another
+stream, and when the flood is subsiding after rain, are the best times,
+using brandling worms and small lob worms. This was my favourite way of
+catching trout when a boy.
+
+
+
+
+PIKE.
+
+
+The Pike is a rough customer (if large) to come across, and the tackle
+which is required to catch him is as rough and as terrible as himself;
+he will take almost anything that is thrown to him if moved in the water
+he haunts. Roving with the minnow using a float, is, I think, the nicest
+way of fishing for him in deep places, but he is oftener taken by
+spinning, or trolling the gorge bait, tackle which is well known to
+every angler.
+
+The pike take the larger double hook gaudy fly, in deep running places,
+beyond the weeds, when there is a stiff breeze blowing and small close
+rain falling, and at no other time will he look at a fly; it is useless
+to try unless in a rapid stream, which is an unusual place for him to
+haunt in general. Autumn is the best time for these fish. When you
+prepare the trolling bait for jack or pike, have a needle to draw the
+gymp through the bait, say a minnow, gudgeon, or dace, putting it in at
+the mouth of the fish and out near the root of the tail; sew up the
+mouth of the bait, and tie the tail part to the end of the hooks, which
+has been often explained before. Throw it in sideways into deep places,
+letting it sink a foot or two, and draw it in pretty quick towards you,
+and when the fish makes a run to take it, give him a little time; when
+your line begins to shiver and shake and he moves off, raise your hand
+and anchor the hook in him; if he is a small one whip him out of the
+water with your stiff and patent line at your feet, if a large one play
+him as you would a salmon, keep his head well up and draw him through
+the weeds if any and gaff him quickly.
+
+The best rods to use for trolling are made of the toughest hickory, as
+the cane often gives way with a large fish; upright rings, and prepared
+silk and hair line, with reel to suit the rod, forty yards, if the place
+you angle in is not very broad, will be sufficient; and when fishing in
+a boat with a salmon rod, if there is a chance of pike fishing in lakes
+when the salmon will not take the fly, using the short top would be
+found stiff enough, that is, when you have not a trolling rod with you
+in the boat.
+
+The large flexible minnow would be a capital bait for jack in lakes or
+deep rivers; and the glass minnow is also good. These fish rush at very
+bright imitations of the natural fish bait best, and a good size white
+trout would be a valuable little fish to throw for him--a large size
+dace is also good. These baits could be preserved in whiskey for weeks.
+They preserve fry and sprats in Scotland in this way for salmon or pike
+fishing. The old fishermen in the north say that "sprats" are the fry of
+the herring. I am persuaded that they would be excellent bait for
+salmon, preserved so as to keep their brilliancy. The Paternoster Tackle
+cannot fail to suit the purpose of those who prefer angling in a punt
+for jack at the sides of large streams near the bank where there are
+alders or willows growing, overhanging the water, with a gravelly
+bottom. Nice plump bright minnows are the best, or large size gudgeons;
+the hooks No. 4 or 5, mounted on gymp.
+
+_Note._--The best trolling rods, spinning, and bait rods, with trolling
+tackle of the strongest sort; minnow tackle, gut hooks, gymp hooks,
+treble and double hooks, gorge and snap hooks, and every sort of the
+best hooks and tackle to suit trolling, spinning, and bait fishing, to
+be had at my shop, 54, Dean Street, Soho, London. Try my spinning trace,
+half twisted and half single salmon gut, mounted with swivels and large
+shot, for large trout or salmon.
+
+
+
+
+ROACH.
+
+
+The Roach is a handsome fish, and when taken of the size of half a pound
+or a pound, are not such bad eating as is said of them. They are very
+bony, it is true, but particularly wholesome. These fish do not thrive
+so well in ponds where they are exceedingly numerous, but in deep
+running rivers, with sandy and gravelly bottoms. They excel in both
+flavour and size. Let the place to angle for them be about four or five
+feet deep, plumb the depth, and allow your bait to be very near the
+bottom. The baits are paste, or gentles. When you begin, throw into the
+place you angle in some ground bait, to bring them together; keep your
+eye to the float, which should be a quill one, and the gut line with as
+many shot attached to it as will carry the float about a quarter the
+length of it out of the water, and strike smartly, but gently when you
+see it move downwards. They bite best in mild dark days. Work the paste
+between the hands (bread without wet), and when rather tough, mix a
+little vermilion with it, they like this best. Let the shot be about
+half a foot or so from the hook, which should be a No. 10 or 12, and
+where there are large ones, No. 8, tied on gut. When I was a little boy
+this sort of angling used to be my favourite amusement, with the running
+bait for trout after a flood.
+
+
+
+
+DACE.
+
+
+The Dace is a lively brisk little fish, and affords much amusement in
+catching him, particularly with very small flies, which he will rise at
+from May to October. They like the rapid streams, along the sides of
+them, and in the middle, they may be seen in shoals. The vicinity of
+Richmond is a very good place to go for a day's Dace fishing with the
+fly. They haunt the same places as the Roach, are taken with the same
+baits, and angled for near the bottom. Hooks No. 12 or 13.
+
+
+
+
+CARP.
+
+
+It is a very difficult matter to catch Carp with the bait, as they are
+most cunning fish to detect at once the deception, and swim away on the
+least sight of the rod or the shadow of the fisherman. The Carp haunt
+the deep parts of gently running streams, and those caught in rivers are
+the best; those that are very numerous in ponds are lean and soft in the
+flesh, and rather insipid. The best plan to angle for them would be
+with a very fine gut line, a No. 9 hook, baited with a couple of small
+red worms or two gentles, thrown into the water where they are, very
+cautiously, and keep well out of sight. Let the bait sink a short way
+from the surface, and draw it gently towards you, using at the same time
+a very long rod, rather stiff. Strike immediately they take the bait,
+gently, and play them as you would a trout on the fly.
+
+
+
+
+CHUB.
+
+
+The Chub is rather a handsome fish when in season, and those caught with
+the artificial fly in many parts of the Thames, are very brilliant and
+pretty to look at; but, unfortunately, they are full of very small
+bones, when cooked the roe is wholesome.
+
+They haunt the deepest pools and rivers under shaded banks overhung with
+trees, the sides of weirs, and in ponds where a small spring runs in and
+out of them, with rather a rocky or gravelly bottom. Autumn is the best
+season for them, although I have caught them with the fly in the Thames
+in summer in good perfection, when fishing for trout. The way to angle
+for them would be to use a quill float, with a No. 8 hook, or larger, a
+gut line, and some shot about ten inches from the bait to sink the
+float, bait the hook with bread paste made red, and made tough in clean
+hands, put on a piece of it the size of a nut, throw in gently, and keep
+out of sight. Good cheese, well worked to make it tough, is also good.
+They will take gentles turned inside out on the hook one over the other,
+and when you have a bite strike rather quickly. They will also take
+grasshoppers, blue bottles, cadbait, and cockchafers; and with red or
+yellow flies, and black and brown palmers in the ordinary way of fishing
+for trout.
+
+
+
+
+GUDGEONS AND MINNOWS.
+
+
+These are very beautiful little fish, and most wholesome food; they are
+the best bait for perch, jack, and large trout, that can be, as I
+mentioned before. The way to angle for them is to have a couple of very
+small hooks tied on hair or fine gut, with a shot or two to carry the
+float off the bottom, say a small quill float, bait your hook with a
+very small red worm, or a piece of a brandling worm; they may be seen
+very numerous in the Thames, along the sides of streams, and in smooth
+running water with gravelly bottom; they afford nice amusement to the
+young angler, and when taken out of the water are remarkably handsome to
+look at.
+
+
+
+
+BAITS.
+
+
+To scour worms:--put them in clean damp moss, changing it in two or
+three days, place them between two layers of it, and choose those that
+are free from knots. The lob worms are found in gardens; brandlings and
+red worms are scoured with the lob worm in the same pot covered at top;
+those found in old tan yards are the best, and may be used without
+scouring. When you use the worms, dip them in cream, which will refresh
+their colour.
+
+The cadis worm or cad bait is excellent for trout fishing, placed on the
+hook double, and cast gently with the wind into the stream, or dropped
+into the water beneath bushes that grow on the banks of pools where
+large fish lie, and are the most likely places. In rivers clearing off
+after floods in the summer they do well, and are also good for perch in
+deep running water. These cad worms produce many of the flies for the
+season after remaining during the cold weather at the bottom rolling
+about, and when the spring and summer appear they change into these
+beautiful insects; before the change takes place, during the winter,
+they form themselves a cover to protect them from the inroads of their
+enemies. Their instinct[H] prompts them to incase themselves like a
+snail in a piece of hollow reed, open at each end, and covered with
+small gravel and little shells, which they attach with a kind of
+glutinous substance to resist the force of the water; they creep on the
+bottom with six legs, and having their little house on their backs draw
+into it at pleasure, and settle amongst the stones like a piece of
+rotten branch or stick. The Trout and other fish feed upon them in the
+winter, when the winged insects are nowhere to be seen.
+
+[Illustration: Paternoster and Barbel tackle]
+
+Showery windy days are generally best for fly fishing, blowing from the
+south, south-west, west, and north; there are but few fish take in east
+winds. When the wind blows warm in the beginning of the season it is
+good for bait fishing, and in autumn mild days are best. In days when
+there is no likelihood of constant rain after clear nights, and a nice
+grey cloud covers the sky, with a good cool breeze blowing to ripple the
+water, this is the time to rise the large trout, and which afford the
+best sport.
+
+          "Full nature swarms with one wondrous mass
+           Of animals, or atoms organized,
+           Waiting the vital breath, when parent heaven
+           Shall bid His spirit blow."
+                                         THOMSON.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote H: Given them by the Great Author of nature.]
+
+
+
+
+THE ART OF
+
+DYEING FISHING COLOURS,
+
+WHICH ARE
+
+PIG'S HAIR, MOHAIR, FUR, & HACKLES, COMMONLY CALLED DUBBING.
+
+
+The great advantage the fly fisher must derive from a knowledge of
+dyeing his colours and hackles is obvious. It affords amusement to the
+enthusiastic fisher to be acquainted with the various shades required
+for making his flies to suit the rivers, and the flies become valuable
+when made of good colours and hackles. Every hackle and colour that is
+used for making a salmon fly must be of the richest dye imaginable, that
+they may show brilliant and good to the fish's eye at the bottom of the
+water, and entice them to rise and take it at the top. The hackles must
+be taken from old cocks, both the neck and saddle ones, as they hold
+the dye best. Wool is not good for the fly, as it soaks the water, and
+is dull and heavy. Pig hair, that next the skin, with the stiff and
+coarse bristles picked and cleared away, and mohair, which is Spanish
+goat hair, a most beautiful brilliant substance for fly making when dyed
+well; white seal's fur, and furs of different kinds of a white colour.
+White hackles are best for yellows, oranges, gold colours, blues,
+greens, &c.; red hackles do best to dye claret, red, or fiery browns,
+olives, and cinnamon browns, &c., and black hackles for sooty olives,
+and tawny colours. When the angler sees a white old cock he should buy
+him to procure his hackles, or a black cock, a grey cock, and old red
+cocks of every hue, all of which are good for dyeing. These also must be
+washed in soap and hot water before being dyed, and the flue stripped
+off, tied in bunches (see the bunch of white hackles in the Plate of
+Feathers, ready for the dye) of proper sizes, and when about to be put
+into the dye-pot, wet them and the hair in hot water.
+
+Provide a small crucible or earthen pot, glazed inside, with an earthen
+handle, to hold a quart of soft water, and before you put in your
+hackles or hair, wash them well, as I said before, in soap and hot
+water. The five principal colours to work upon are blue, red, yellow,
+brown, and black. From the combination of two or more of these may be
+produced every shade required, from the lightest to the darkest, so that
+it only requires some practice, to know the different ingredients to
+use, to become a Dyer of Fishing Colours.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE YELLOW.
+
+
+I will begin with yellow, the most useful colour in general for the
+gentle craft. Put your crucible on a slow fire nearly full of water, or
+say half full, for the first trial. Take a tea cup, and into it put a
+table-spoonful of the best turmeric, pour over it some warm water, and
+stir it well with a clean piece of fire wood; when the water begins to
+simmer in the pot, put in the ingredient out of the cup, and stir it
+well with a piece of stick; have a second crucible, about half full of
+soft water, and boil it, into this put two table-spoonfuls of ground
+alum and one tea-spoonful of crystal of tartar, while these are boiling
+and perfectly dissolved, put into it your hackles or hair, and boil
+gently for an hour or half an hour; take off your pots and enter the
+hackles into the yellow dye out of the liquor into which you put the
+alum and tartar, and boil them very slowly for an hour, taking them out
+at intervals to see the shade you require; if too pale you must put more
+turmeric in, and if too heavy in shade the next trial, put in less, and
+do the same with all colours till you please your own eye. When they are
+the proper colour, take them out and wash them in soap and hot water.
+Draw them evenly through your fingers in the bunch, and let them dry, as
+this keeps them in shape.
+
+There are three or four ways to dye yellow by changing the stuff. Fill
+your pots nearly full of soft water, and put into one the tartar and
+alum, and into the other two or three handfuls of yellow wood, which
+must be boiled slowly for three or four hours; when it is well boiled,
+strain off the liquor from the wood into a basin, and throw the wood
+away; put the dyeing liquor into the pot again, and when boiling take
+out the hackles from the mordant of tartar and alum and put them into
+the yellow dye, let them boil gently for some time till the yellow
+colour has entered the hackles or hair, then take them out and wash them
+in soap and water, straighten them between the fingers, and let them
+dry; take them in the right hand and strike them on the fore-finger of
+the left till they are quite dry.
+
+By boiling two handfuls of fustic and a table-spoonful of turmeric
+together, and repeating the above process, there will be produced a
+golden yellow, which is very good for fly making. There must not be too
+much alum used, neither must the ingredients be boiled too long. Persian
+berries, bruised and boiled slowly, with a spoonful of turmeric,
+produces a good yellow; and an ingredient called weld, boiled as before,
+and adding the alum, is a good dye for yellow,--indeed, the weld is the
+best dye, if care is taken with it.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE BROWN.
+
+
+Put into your dye pot about two handfuls of walnut rinds, or as much as
+it will hold nicely to boil; simmer this slowly over the fire for three
+or four hours, and add a little water to it as it boils away. When all
+the juice of the dye is taken out of the rinds, strain the liquor off,
+put it into the basin, and throw away the rinds; you take two handfuls
+more and boil them in the same way, and add the stuff together in the
+pot; the rinds being thrown away, put your hackles, &c., previously
+washed, into the dye, and simmer them on the fire for four or five
+hours, till you have the proper colour struck on the hackles. The alum
+and tartar need not be added to this dye.
+
+Take out the feathers and wash them well; the walnut roots cut small,
+dye in the same way.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE A YELLOW BROWN.
+
+
+The Saunders' Wood, brought from the Indies, and sold in powder or
+ground mixed with sumach is good, it takes long to boil, adding the
+alum.
+
+A Cinnamon Brown or Fiery Brown may be struck on the hackles or colours
+(pig hair or mohair) by first dyeing them yellow, the same as explained
+in the yellow dye; put the hackles, previously dyed yellow, into the
+liquor of walnut rinds, and simmer them over the fire slowly for three
+or four hours, and leave them in all night, if a dark fiery brown is
+required; the less of the rinds produce cinnamon or yellow brown, the
+roots and rinds of the walnut are the best for the various shades; the
+rind of the alder dyed with alum and tartar is also good.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE BLUE.
+
+
+Fill your crucible three parts full of soft water, and put it on a slow
+fire, at the same time put in your blue ingredients, previously
+prepared, (this is done by dissolving the powdered blue in oil of
+vitriol and water in a stopper bottle for twenty-four hours). If there
+is a very light shade of blue required, put in a couple of
+table-spoonfuls of the blue ingredient, and add to it as the shade may
+be varied at will according to the quantity of the stuff; boil the
+hackles in tartar and alum, say a table-spoonful of each, or rather less
+of the tartar, simmer it on the fire for two or three hours according to
+the process mentioned before; and when the proper colour is produced
+take out the hackles, hair, or fur, and wash them well in soap and hot
+water.
+
+There is a paste blue prepared at the dry-salters all ready for the dye
+pot, take a table-spoonful of it and stir it well up in your pot nearly
+full of soft water, and boil it gently for about an hour (or less), then
+put in your hackles or hair, previously washed and wet going in, boil
+for two hours very slowly and wash off the dye; any shade of blue may be
+had in a very short time by this process; there are two or three
+dry-salters in Long Acre where this paste blue is sold, and any of the
+other ingredients may be purchased at their shops, or at chymists.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE RED.
+
+
+Prepare your dye pot by nearly filling it with soft water; and keep it
+at a scalding heat when the dye stuff is put in, as it must not boil, if
+it is allowed to boil it becomes dull in colour; put into the dye pot a
+handful of finest grape madder, and simmer it slowly over the fire, stir
+well, and prepare the hackles or hair in the alum and red tartar liquor;
+after having boiled an hour slowly, take out a bunch and look at them
+between your eyes and the sun or light to see how they take the dye, if
+too pale there must be more madder added, and allow them to remain in
+the dye all night, simmer them slowly, next day take them out, rinse and
+wash them well, and allow them to dry in the air; mix a table-spoonful
+of cochineal with the madder.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE ORANGE.
+
+
+When orange is desired take a handful of best madder and mix it with a
+spoonful of cochineal, boil it for an hour or two, add too a little
+ground red wood which requires more boiling than the madder itself; dye
+your hackles or stuff yellow first, and dip them into the red dye a
+short time, take them out and look at the shade you have; if too light
+allow them to remain in longer, and you will have darker shades of
+colour, put a little red tartar and ground alum into the dye to assist
+the red wood to strike on the materials, take them out and wash them in
+soap and hot water, and afterwards rinse them in urine which gives a
+lustre and softness to the stuff.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE PURPLE OR VIOLET.
+
+
+First dye the hackles or stuffs blue, and lay them to dry; then, fill
+the dye-pot more than half with soft water, and in the other pot prepare
+the tartar and alum, dip your hackles into this for a little while, and
+lay them on the table till you prepare the red dye; bruise a couple of
+table-spoonfuls of cochineal, and put them into the pot of hot soft
+water, boil for an hour, and put in the blue hackles, and allow them to
+simmer over the fire very slowly to keep them from burning; when you
+have the proper shade, take them out and wash them well.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE CRIMSON.
+
+
+Boil your hackles or hair in a tea-spoonful of alum, and nearly as much
+pure tartar, for an hour; bruise two table-spoonfuls of cochineal, and
+boil them in your clean water; take out the hackles from the alum-water,
+and put them into the cochineal liquor, and boil for two or three hours
+slowly or less, according to the shade you require; then take out the
+feathers and wash them well, and you will have the color desired.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE SCARLET.
+
+
+Boil your hackles, &c., in a little crystal of tartar; procure two
+table-spoonfuls of cochineal, bruise them a little, and boil them gently
+over the fire for an hour or two; take the hackles you have just boiled
+in the tartar, and put them into the dye-pot, and simmer them slowly for
+some time, say half an hour; then take your "spirits of grain,"[I] and
+put into the dye-pot a tea-spoonful or a little more; take them out
+occasionally, and look at them between your eyes and the light, and when
+the right shade is obtained, rinse them and dry.
+
+If you are in a hurry for scarlet, you may drop the particles of
+block-tin into aqua-fortis till they are dissolved, and add a little to
+the scarlet dye; the other is best, as it gives a more brilliant
+shade;--boil slow.
+
+If the extract of bismuth is added to the red liquor of the cochineal in
+a small quantity, it will change it to a purple or violet colour.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote I: Spirits of grain for scarlet,--a quarter pint of spirits of
+nitre, a quarter of an ounce of ammoniac, add half water in a bottle,
+and drop into it half an ounce of block-tin in grains till dissolved.]
+
+
+
+
+CRIMSON RED IN GRAIN.
+
+
+Boil your hackles or hair in a quarter of an ounce of alum, and the same
+quantity of pure tartar, an hour gently; wash them out of this, fill
+your dye-pot with clean water, or as much as will conveniently boil; put
+in an ounce of well-powdered dye stuff they call "grain," with one
+drachm of red arsenic, and one spoonful of burnt wine lees, this gives a
+lustre; wash and rinse well after boiling a short time, and the colour
+is good.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE GREEN DRAKE, FEATHERS AND FUR.
+
+
+Boil your hackles, mohair, or fur, in alum and tartar, a quarter of an
+ounce of each; rinse them well, and put them into the dye-pot, with an
+ounce of savory, and as much green-wood as the pot will contain; (it is
+best to boil off the savory and green-wood first, throw away the wood,
+and boil the feathers in the liquor;) boil gently, and look at the
+feathers occasionally to see if they are the right shade, these give
+the natural shades of yellow green. The quantity of tartar and alum,
+and of dye-stuff is given in this dye; and the preceding which will show
+what must be used in all shades of colour, according to the quality or
+your own taste.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE CLARET.
+
+
+Boil two handfuls of red-wood, or ground Brazil-wood, for an hour, with
+a handful of log-wood; then take a table-spoonful of oil of vitriol, and
+put it into half a tea cup of cold water; and when the dye-pot is a
+little cold, add it to the liquor, stir it, and put it on with the
+hackles or hair, and boil it gently for two hours; take out your
+material, and put it into cold water; add to the dye it comes out of a
+little copperas, and a small quantity of pearlashes, about the size of a
+nut of copperas, and a quarter that size of the ashes; put in your
+hackles or material again, and when the proper shade is obtained, rinse
+and wash well, and finish in urine, which brightens them, and your
+colour is good.
+
+
+
+
+ANOTHER WAY TO DYE CLARET.
+
+
+Take a handful of nut galls and bruise them, put them into the crucible
+and boil them half an hour, add to the dye a table-spoonful of oil of
+vitriol in half a cup of water, put in the hackles and boil two hours;
+then add to the liquor a little pearl ashes, and a piece of copperas the
+size of a nut, boil gently for two hours or as long as required to suit
+the taste of the dyer, rinse and wash them well, the ashes need not be
+used in this dye, but if used a very small quantity will suffice.
+
+Another way:--boil red wood powdered for two hours (two handfuls), and
+then put the hackles in, boil an hour longer, let the liquor cool, and
+put into a tea cup half full of water nearly a table-spoonful of
+aqua-fortis and pour it into the dye, stir well occasionally and keep
+the hackles down, boil for two hours more and rinse off, finish in a
+little urine. If a very dark claret is required lay them in to boil for
+a day and night with a scalding heat.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE BLACK.
+
+
+Boil two good handfuls of log-wood with a little sumach and elder bark
+for an hour, put in the stuff or hackles (boil very gently), bruise a
+piece of copperas about the size of two Spanish nuts, put it in with a
+little argil and soda; take out the hackles and hold them in the open
+air a little, then put them in again and leave them all night gently
+heated, wash the dye well out of them and your black will be fine. The
+argil and soda soften the dye stuff of the copperas, but a small
+quantity must be put in.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE GREENS OF VARIOUS SHADES.
+
+
+The greatest nicety of all is in finding the exact quantity of
+ingredients to put in, so as to prevent the dye stuff from injuring the
+fibres of the hackles, &c.; for the light shades add the smallest
+quantity, and augment it by degrees. Dye the hackles a very light shade
+of blue first, in prepared indigo,[J] as I said before, take a spoonful
+and put it into the dye pot and boil it softly for half an hour. Add a
+very small quantity of alum and tartar to the dye, put in your hackles,
+and boil for a short time; add to the dye a table-spoonful of the best
+turmeric, savoy, or green wood, a little of each would do best, boil
+slowly for an hour, take out the hackles, rinse them, and you will have
+a green: you may have any shade of green by dyeing the blues darker or
+lighter, and putting in more yellowing stuff and less blue when light
+yellow greens are required, boil gently, and look at the hackles often
+to see that they have taken the shade you want.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE LAVENDER OR SLATE DUN, &c. &c.
+
+
+Boil ground logwood with bruised nut galls and a small quantity of
+copperas, according to judgment: you may have a pigeon dun, lead colour,
+light, or dark dun. The ingredients must be used in small quantities,
+according to taste. You may have raven grey, or duns of various shades,
+by boiling with the logwood a small quantity of alum and copperas.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[Footnote J: Half a tea cupful of water, and the same quantity of oil of
+vitriol, put into a bottle, the indigo to remain in twenty-four hours to
+dissolve.]
+
+
+
+
+BLUES.
+
+
+Dissolve some indigo in oil of vitriol for twenty-four hours, put a
+couple of spoonfuls in your pot, add a little crystal of tartar, put in
+your hackles and boil, or at least keep them at a scalding heat, or the
+vitriol will burn the feathers, furs, &c., take them out, rinse them
+well, and the colour will be lasting.
+
+If to the above liquor some fustic chips, well boiled by themselves, and
+the juice added, you may then have any shade of the best green.
+
+
+
+
+A SILVER GREY.
+
+
+Boil some fenugreek and a little alum half an hour, put in the white
+hackles, &c., and add a little pearlash and Brazil-wood, boil them
+gently an hour, rinse them, and your colour will be lasting.
+
+
+
+
+A COFFEE OR CHESNUT.
+
+
+Boil the hackles, &c., that have been previously dyed brown, in some nut
+gall, sumach, and alder bark, then add a small quantity of green
+copperas to the liquor, allow it to remain a day and a night in water
+that you can bear the hand in, and all the stuff will enter the
+materials.
+
+
+
+
+TO DYE OLIVES AND A MIXTURE OF COLOURS.
+
+
+Olives are dyed from blue, red, and brown, of every shade, according to
+fancy.
+
+From yellow, blue, and brown, are made olives of all kinds.
+
+From brown, blue, and black, brown and green olives are made.
+
+From red, yellow, and brown, are produced orange, gold colour, marigold,
+cinnamon, &c.
+
+See Haigh's Dyer's Assistant of Woollen Goods, for larger quantities.
+
+
+
+
+A CONCISE WAY OF DYEING COLOURS.
+
+
+I will now add the way to dye the colours, for pighair, mohair, hackles,
+&c., in a concise and summary manner, to avoid giving trouble in too
+many words, and the quantities of ingredients I have given before, which
+would be superfluous to mention over so often, and which the dyer must
+know by this time. The great art is in knowing the quantities that each
+dye requires to obtain the exact colour, and this may be known by a
+close observation to the rules I have given.
+
+Fustic and alum water will dye yellow, the hackles dipped three times in
+fresh stuff. Weld, turmeric, and fenugreek, will give a yellow, boiled
+in alum water, and the hackles dipped often, till they are the proper
+colour.
+
+These may be dyed without tartar at pleasure.
+
+Brazil-wood, boiled till you have a strong decoction, strain off the
+juice, then add alum water, boil the hackles in it slowly for a day or
+two, and it will produce good reds. If the colour of the Brazil-wood be
+very strong, there may be reds obtained in an hour's boiling. This is a
+wood which is of a hard nature, and it is difficult to extract the
+colour from it, although a good dye.
+
+A claret may be produced from Brazil-wood mixed with red archil, and
+boiled in the usual manner, dipped in potash liquor, or brilla will act
+in the same way to strike the colour; use hard water.
+
+A fiery brown may be made from fustic and turmeric boiled together with
+alum and a little crystal of tartar, (soft water for this dye), and then
+dip in liquor of potash.
+
+A cinnamon brown may be made with a little madder, or stone crottle,
+boiled with alum and tartar, with a little turmeric to finish it.
+
+A good blue may be had by boiling the hackles with alum water, and add a
+spoonful of the liquid blue; this is done by putting some oil of vitriol
+into a bottle with a little water, and then the indigo, powdered, which
+will dissolve in twenty-four hours, and be ready for use. (I have
+mentioned this twice before, as I am very particular.)
+
+For a purple, dye blue first, then add the red dye, and dip it in
+potash; when the hackles, &c., are left long in the red, it is more of
+a wine purple.
+
+To have a good green, dye blue first, then boil in turmeric and fustic
+bark, with alum and tartar, as usual. You may have any shade of green by
+noticing the process in the dye pot.
+
+To dye an orange, first make it a turkey red with Brazil-wood and alum
+water, then finish with turmeric and fustic till the colour pleases you.
+
+To dye a golden olive, boil sumach and turmeric with alum water, add a
+little potash and copperas, and finish with new turmeric and a little
+potash.
+
+Green olive may be made with a little more copperas and verdigris.
+
+Sooty olive is made by adding to the first a little alder or oak bark,
+and finishing with turmeric and alum water.
+
+An amber may be made with red, and finished with yellow dye; the first
+with stone crottle or madder, and finish with turmeric bark; the yellow
+with alum water. All fishing colours should be dyed yellow first with
+alum and crystal of tartar, but claret.
+
+Claret may be made from Brazil-wood, barked first in alum water, adding
+new Brazil three or four times fresh to the liquor, and simmer slowly
+for a day or two.
+
+A fiery brown may be made from lima or peth-wood, barked with turmeric
+and alum water.
+
+A golden yellow may be had from citrine bark, boiled in new stuff three
+times slowly, bark with alum, and dip in potash or brilla.
+
+All blues may be dipped in potash, to sadden the colour.
+
+A crottle or red orange, boil madder and stone crottle together, and
+bark with alum water; the madder will do if the crottle cannot be had.
+The crottle grows on stones in rocky places, like red moss.
+
+An orange may be had by dyeing yellow in strong liquid three times
+fresh; bark with alum, and dip in potash.
+
+A Green Drake may be made by dyeing a good yellow first, and adding a
+few drops of the blue decoction from the bottle of prepared blue dye,
+this comes to the green drake colour; add a little copperas to make a
+green dark or light, as you please.
+
+A golden olive may be made by dyeing brown red hackles in fustic and a
+little copperas, and dipped in potashes, finished in turmeric and alum;
+you will have a sooty olive by adding but very little of the turmeric
+root.
+
+A sooty olive may be made by dyeing black hackles in yellow first with
+alum water, add fresh yellow stuff three times to the dye pot, and dip
+them in potashes.
+
+A wine purple may be made from light dyed blue hackles, put them in the
+red dye of madder, Brazil, or cochineal, and dip them twice in potashes.
+
+Liver-coloured hackles may be had from brown red hackles, barked with
+alum, and boiled in Brazil-wood juice, dipped in liquor of potash.
+
+A bright olive may be made from fustic and oak bark, adding a little
+turmeric and alum water.
+
+A fiery cinnamon may be had from yellow dye, Brazil juice, and madder
+mixed, boil these well, and add a little turmeric with alum.
+
+A golden crottle may be made from stone crottle and yellow dyes with
+turmeric and alum water. The stone crottle is best for all golden
+colours, but as it may not be easily got at, use madder instead; golden
+orange may be had from the above, adding a little potashes, and boil
+very slowly.
+
+A pea green may be had by dyeing yellow first, and add a few drops out
+of the blue dye bottle, till it comes to the shade, it may be darkened
+to a leek or bottle green.
+
+A stone blue,--bark the hackle with alum, and add to the alum water as
+much of the prepared dye out of the bottle as will make it dark enough,
+this may be easily seen from the appearance of the liquor in the dye
+pot.
+
+A Prussian blue is done in the same way, keeping out the indigo, and
+adding the Prussian blue.
+
+Dip a red into potashes and you have a light wine purple; blue and red
+dye is best.
+
+Dip a good yellow in potashes, well boiled and stir, and you will have
+an orange. A little tartar is good for all colours but black.
+
+Sumach, logwood, iron liquor, and copperas, will form a black. Boil a
+small quantity of copperas with logwood, and it will dye gut properly.
+
+A tawny cinnamon may be dyed from stone crottle or madder, mixed with
+turmeric, alum, and a little tartar, these must be gently boiled in
+fresh stuff, adding a little copperas.
+
+
+
+
+THE MATERIALS NECESSARY FOR ARTIFICIAL FLY MAKING.
+
+
+The necessary articles used for fly making in general are as follows:
+Those feathers that are of a most gaudy hue are best for the wings of
+salmon flies, which are golden pheasant feathers, cock of the rock, the
+crest of the Hymalaya pheasant, the blue and yellow macaw, the scarlet
+macaw, red macaw, green parrot's feathers, particularly the Amazon
+parrot tail, the scarlet Ibis, blue king fishers, and chattern, the
+splendid Trogan, the Argus pheasant, the bustard, red parrot, and the
+Bird of Paradise; the wood-duck feathers (try the cock of the north
+feathers, black hackle, white body, and gold); the jungle cock; the
+spotted turkey, brown, light, and dark feathers; brown mallard, or wild
+drake; teal feathers; heron feather, black and blue; glede or kite tail
+feathers; grey mallard, widgeon, and shovel duck; various dyed and
+natural cock hackles; grouse hackles; guinea hen hackles, the rump and
+back feathers; silver pheasant, cock and hen bird tail, wings, and body
+feathers; yellow toucan feathers; blue jay feathers, and the wings of
+the jay for trout flies; peacock feathers, off wings, tail, and body;
+black ostrich feathers, and the white ostrich for dyeing all colours for
+the heads of flies, &c., with floss silk of every shade; gold and silver
+twist, and plate of different sizes; pighair, mohair, furs, &c.
+
+The materials for small trout flies are, mohair, furs of every colour,
+water rat, fitch, squirrel, mole's fur, hare's ears and neck furs, mouse
+and common rat fur, martin's fur, sable fur, black spaniel's hair off
+the ear, black bear's hair for tailing the drake, and all white furs
+dyed of various shades, such as yellow, yellow-green, gold, orange,
+cinnamon, light duns, &c; starling wings, grouse feathers, snipe wings,
+woodcock wings, thrush and blackbird's wings, fieldfare wings, wren
+tails, tomtit tails, bunton lark wing, skylark wings, sparrow wings,
+landrail wings, water-hen wings, water-rail wings, partridge tails and
+hackle feathers, brown hen wings, tail, and body feathers, dun hen
+wings, &c.; dun cock hackles, dun hen hackles, dottril wings and
+hackles, and all dun, brown, and grey feathers that can be found on
+every bird that flies are useful for imitating the natural insects;
+tying silks of every shade, yellow and orange being the favorites; hooks
+of sizes, and silk-worm gut.
+
+And now to wind up the line. I humbly beg to say that if I have deceived
+the friends of the rod in anything, they have a right to be indifferent
+with my profession of friendship, and ought to retain a sensibility of
+my misfortune; my conscience is clear it is not so, for I know that I
+would deceive myself were I to think that I could do without my
+admirable friends of the angle--without me they could do--but I value
+their worth, as in hope I rest, although they say "hope told a
+flattering tale." I am not deceived by flattery, be it far from us; I
+dislike deceit. I have hid nothing; I have done my endeavours in this
+book to show the youths of the angle, as well as the great fly fishers,
+all I know about the matter so far, and as the Chinamen say, that "time
+and industry convert a mulberry leaf into a silk shawl," so perseverance
+will be the means of the fly maker's success, if he allows himself an
+opportunity of accomplishing that which he requires to know and to
+perform, and at the same time neglect not to prepare for the "coming
+struggle," it will be his own fault if he does not become a skilful
+angler, &c. I will therefore consider myself highly honoured if the
+young gentlemen of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, appreciate my
+labour, and to be enabled, by the natural genius they possess,
+descending from Him who visited us through the "Orient" from on high to
+enlighten our understandings in every good, to find out the information
+they desire in the perusal of these pages.
+
+
+FINIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
+
+Book uses both pearl-ash and pearl ash; salmon-fly and salmon fly.
+Varied hyphenation was retained. Text also uses archaic spelling,
+"scissars".
+
+Page vii, "cloured" changed to "coloured" (buff-coloured fur and)
+
+Page viii, "surperbly" changed to "superbly" (superbly painted to suit)
+
+Page viii, "Britian" changed to "Britain" (any river in Britain)
+
+Page 15, "growse" changed to "grouse" to match rest of usage (grouse
+hackle prepared)
+
+Page 23, "pains" changed to "pain" (with a little pain)
+
+Page 36, word "to" added to text (next to the root)
+
+Page 75, "woodcook" changed to "woodcock" (woodcock or wren grackle)
+
+Page 148, "hymalean" changed to "Hymalean" (hen Hymalean pheasant is an)
+
+Page 166, "Arklaw" changed to "Arklow" (Arklow, on the river Ovoca)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Blacker's Art of Fly Making, &c., by
+William Blacker
+
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