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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/32471-0.txt b/32471-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f13659d --- /dev/null +++ b/32471-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1695 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stories Pictures Tell, by Flora Carpenter + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Stories Pictures Tell + Book One + +Author: Flora Carpenter + +Release Date: May 21, 2010 [EBook #32471] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES PICTURES TELL *** + + + + +Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: Title Decoration] + + STORIES + PICTURES TELL + + BOOK ONE + + _By_ + FLORA L. CARPENTER + _Instructor in drawing in Waite High School, Toledo, Ohio_ + + _Illustrated with Half Tones from + Original Photographs_ + + RAND McNALLY & COMPANY + CHICAGO NEW YORK + + + + + _Copyright, 1918_ + BY RAND MCNALLY & CO. + +[Illustration: Publisher's symbol] + + + + +THE CONTENTS + + + SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER PAGE + + "Feeding Her Birds" _Millet_ 1 + + "Children of Charles I" _Van Dyck_ 10 + + + NOVEMBER, DECEMBER, AND JANUARY + + "Four Little Scamps Are We" _Adam_ 21 + + "Madonna of the Chair" _Raphael_ 27 + + + FEBRUARY AND MARCH + + "Miss Bowles" _Reynolds_ 35 + + "Two Mothers and Their + Families" _Elizabeth Bouguereau_ 42 + + + APRIL, MAY, AND JUNE + + "Can't You Talk?" _Holmes_ 48 + + Review of Pictures and Artists Studied + + _The Suggestions to Teachers_ 53 + + + + +THE PREFACE + + +Art supervisors in the public schools assign picture-study work in +each grade, recommending the study of certain pictures by well-known +masters. As Supervisor of Drawing I found that the children enjoyed +this work but that the teachers felt incompetent to conduct the +lessons as they lacked time to look up the subject and to gather +adequate material. Recourse to a great many books was necessary and +often while much information could usually be found about the artist, +very little was available about his pictures. + +Hence I began collecting information about the pictures and preparing +the lessons for the teachers just as I would give them myself to +pupils of their grade. + +My plan does not include many pictures during the year, as this is to +be only a part of the art work and is not intended to take the place +of drawing. + +The lessons in this grade are planned for the usual drawing period of +from twenty to thirty minutes, and have been given in that time +successfully. + + FLORA L. CARPENTER + +[Illustration: FEEDING HER BIRDS] + + + + +STORIES PICTURES TELL + +FEEDING HER BIRDS + + =Original Picture:= Lille Museum, Lille, France. + =Artist:= Jean François Millet (zhäN fräN´swä´´ mē´lĕ´´). + =Birthplace:= Gruchy, France. + =Dates:= Born, 1814; died, 1875. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? What +are the children doing? Where do they live? On what are they sitting? +Whom can you see behind the house? What is he doing? What do you think +the children were doing before their mother called them? why? What +does the hen expect? What else do you see in the picture? What time of +day do you think it is? Why is this picture called "Feeding Her +Birds"? How many like it? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= In a tiny white cottage in a little +village in France, lived a painter with his wife and nine children. +This painter's name was Jean François Millet, and although quite poor +his was a very happy family. Nearly every morning the father worked +hard in his garden behind the house, and every afternoon in a queer +little old room he called his studio. Here he painted beautiful +pictures of places and people he saw and loved. Almost all of his +pictures are of the country and of people who worked, because he knew +most about them and because he loved them best. + +Sometimes he finished his work in the garden very early, and then he +was glad, for he liked better to paint than to do anything else in the +world. + +One day when he looked out through the window of his studio he saw a +much prettier picture than the one he was painting. He saw three of his +children sitting in a row on the doorstep, while the mother fed broth to +each of them in turn from a wooden spoon. As they crowded close together +they reminded him of some little birds he had been watching that +morning. You know how little birds open their bills and crowd toward the +edge of the nest when the mother bird feeds them? Millet thought he +would paint this picture, and name it "Feeding Her Birds." + +See how the mother tips forward on the stool as she bends toward the +three children. That is a wooden spoon she holds in her hand, and it +is full of hot broth from the bowl in her lap. The children seem to +be very hungry. No doubt they have been playing hard all the morning. + +It is easy to see with what the little girl at the left-hand side of +the picture has been playing. She holds her wooden doll very close, +and loves it just as much as if it were china and had real hair as +your own doll has. She is the eldest of the children, and you can see +she is unselfish because she sits patiently by while her baby brother +and little sister get the first taste of the delicious broth. + +The boy and the younger girl must have been playing with the basket +and cart you see in the picture, for the basket is overturned as if it +had been dropped in a hurry when the mother came to the door with the +broth. Now the playthings are quite forgotten. + +The boy opens his mouth wide as he leans forward for the first taste, +while the little sister puts her arm around him to hold him steady. As +she watches him, she opens her mouth, too. + +See the hen running toward them! She thinks there will surely be +something for her to eat, too. + +The three children wear long aprons all alike, and the queer wooden +shoes that the peasants always wore in those days. What a clatter +those wooden shoes must have made even when the children played in +the yard! And what a noise they made on the wooden floors in the house +unless the children walked very carefully! + +The girls wear bonnets tied with string, while the boy has a cap that +looks very much like a tam-o'-shanter, except that it, too, is tied +under his chin. The mother wears a handkerchief on her head and +another round her neck. Her dress looks thick and warm, and so do the +children's dresses. It must be a cool day, for even the doll is +wrapped in a shawl. + +The man behind the house is working busily in the garden. Millet must +have thought of himself when he painted this man, for, like the father +bird, he must work hard to get enough food for his family. Sometimes +there was very little, and the bread had to be divided into such tiny +pieces that the children were still hungry when they had eaten their +share. + +We know it must be about noon because the shadows in the picture are +so short. What a nice big yard these children had to play in, and what +good times they must have had playing all kinds of games! They had +lived in the city of Paris several years and for that reason, no +doubt, they liked to play "keeping store" best of all. They gathered +acorns, stones, and flowers, and placed them on a big wooden box for +a counter. Then they took turns being storekeeper. + +Perhaps to-day it had been the boy's turn, and he had stood behind the +counter ready to sell his goods. The younger girl had come first, +carrying a basket. Probably they called the stones oranges or apples, +and, judging by the overturned basket, the little girl must have bought +at least a dozen. Next had come the little mother, with her doll baby +riding in the cart. This cart is hardly large enough for the doll and so +it had to be guided very carefully to keep dolly from falling out. + +When the mother called, the elder of the two girls had caught up her +doll quickly, leaving the cart behind; the younger sister had tossed +her basket of oranges away in glee, while the boy forgot all about his +store at the thought of the hot broth they were to have. + +The high doorway of this little one-story, whitewashed house of +plaster and stones is just wide enough for the three children to sit +one beside the other. That great vine growing up beside the door is +probably an ivy vine, for we are told that the little white cottage is +still standing and is completely covered with ivy. + +Everything you see in the picture is home-made,--the clothes, the +doll, the spoon, the cart, the basket, and even the milking stool +upon which the mother is seated. + +Sitting there in the bright sunlight, these round-faced, happy little +children will soon finish their broth; then they will be ready to +begin the "store-keeping" game again. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= In what country +did these children live? In what kind of house did they live? What +grew up beside the door? What did their father do for a living? What +was his name? Where did he paint his pictures? What kind of pictures +did he like best to paint? why? How did he happen to paint this +picture? Why did he call the picture "Feeding Her Birds"? Upon what is +the mother sitting? What kind of a spoon has she in her hand? What is +in it, and in the bowl in her lap? What makes you think the children +are hungry? Which one is fed first? Which one will probably wait until +the last? why? How are the children dressed? What kind of shoes have +they? How many of you have ever seen wooden shoes? How is the mother +dressed? What makes you think it must be a cool day? What do the +shadows tell us of the time of day? What game did these children like +to play? What did they have to play with? Who made their toys and +clothes? What did they do when their mother called them? What makes +you think they were happy children? + + +=To the Teacher:= After the story is told, the children should be +allowed to act out the picture. Stools or kindergarten chairs placed +in the schoolroom doorway, and a spoon, a doll, a cart, and a basket, +which the children will gladly bring from home, are all the +accessories needed. It is well to let the pupils act out the game +which the children are supposed to have been playing when the mother +called them, as well as the story in the picture itself. + + +=The story of the artist.= Shall we tell you something about the man, +Millet, who painted this picture? + +Jean François Millet was the son of poor French peasants. His father was +a good man, very fond of music and of all beautiful things out of doors. +Sometimes he would say to his son, "Look at that tree, how large and +beautiful it is; as beautiful as a flower!" He would call his son's +attention to the fields, the sunsets, and all things around him. + +Millet's mother worked in the fields with his father all day long. So +it was his grandmother who rocked him to sleep and cared for him while +he was very little. She was the one who named him Jean after his +father, and François after the good St. Francis. She was a religious +woman, and almost the only pictures Millet saw when he was a boy were +those in his grandmother's Bible. He copied them many times, drawing +them with white chalk on the stone wall. This pleased the grandmother +very much, and she encouraged him all she could. + +When he was eighteen years old Millet drew his first great picture. This +is how it happened. As he was coming home from church he met an old man +with bent back leaning on a cane as he walked slowly along. Something +about the bent figure made Millet want to draw a picture of him. So, +taking some charcoal from his pocket, he drew the picture on a stone +wall. The people passing by knew at once who it was; they were pleased +and told Millet so. His father, too, was delighted, for he himself had +once wished to be an artist. He decided that his son should become what +he had wished to be; so he sent him to a good teacher. + +Millet worked very hard, but for a long time his pictures did not +sell, and he was very poor. After a while people saw what wonderful +pictures he could paint, and they were glad to let him know how much +they thought of him and of his beautiful paintings. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What kind of a +man was his father? What did he tell his son about the trees? What did +Millet's mother do? Who took care of Millet while his parents worked +in the fields? What kind of pictures did Millet have to look at? What +did he draw first? Where did he draw? Who helped him? Tell about the +old man leaning on a cane. On what did Millet draw his picture? Who +saw it? What did they say? What did his father say? What did he wish +his son to be? What did Millet do then? What do people think of his +pictures now? How many of you like this picture? + + + + +CHILDREN OF CHARLES I + + =Original Picture:= Turin (tū´´rĭn) Gallery, Turin, Italy. + =Artist:= Sir Anthony Van Dyck (văn dīk´´). + =Birthplace:= Antwerp, Belgium. + =Dates:= Born, 1599; died, 1641. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What are these three little children +doing? Who are they? Did you ever have your picture taken? Where did +you go to have it taken? Where do you think these children are? Why +did they not go to a photographer as we do? Who, do you suppose, +brought them to the studio? How are they dressed? How long do you +suppose these children had to stand to have their picture painted? How +did the photographer tell you to stand? What is the baby holding in +his hands? What do you see on the rug in front of the little girl? Why +do you suppose the dog sits so quietly near Prince Charles? Which +child should you like best to play with? Who painted this picture? Do +you like it? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= Once there lived a very beautiful queen +and a very proud king. They had three beautiful children, whom they +loved very dearly. They were very proud of these children, and gave +them everything they could to make them happy. + +The child standing so straight with his hand on the dog's head is a +boy, although he is dressed much like a girl. His name is Prince +Charles. He had the finest little pony and cart you ever did see. His +sister, Mary, the little girl standing beside him, had a very +beautiful doll that could do so many wonderful things that it really +seemed to be alive. The baby, Prince James, had such a great number of +toys they almost filled a large room. There were several servants who +brought out the toys and put them away again, and who had nothing else +to do but wait upon these children. The children had a fine large yard +to play in, too. It was so large that people called it a park. The +king had his gardener build a seat up in one of the big oak trees, and +there the children could play all kinds of games. + +It was great fun to climb up into this seat, where they were just as +high up as the birds. On windy days the big tree would rock back and +forth just like a swing. One day they were having a good time in the +park when they were told their mother wanted them. They were to be +dressed to go and have their pictures painted. + +There were no cameras in those days, so there was no photograph +gallery to go to. But instead, there was a great artist whose name was +Sir Anthony Van Dyck. He painted beautiful pictures with oil paints. +Prince Charles had already had his picture painted so many times he +probably would not have cared to go if it had not been for the boat +ride he knew he would have. You see, the king's palace and Sir Anthony +Van Dyck's house both stood near the banks of the same river. Sir +Anthony had a private boat landing made just for the king and queen +and their children. The king liked so much to watch Sir Anthony Van +Dyck paint that he used to visit him nearly every day. He had several +fine boats to take him there. + +It must have taken a long time before the children were dressed and +ready to go. "Baby Stuart," as people loved to call little Prince James, +wore blue silk, trimmed with lace. His brother wore rose-colored silk, +with a large lace collar and cuffs. I don't see how he could run or even +walk in such a long, heavy dress; do you? It looks as if it were his +very best dress. Probably he had a shorter one to play in. + +How strange it seems that both the boys wear bonnets tied under their +chins, while the little girl does not. Perhaps they did not want to +spoil her pretty curls. Princess Mary's dress is white satin, trimmed +with lace. She looks like a grown-up lady in that dress. People said +she looked just like her lovely queen mother. No doubt her mother +curled her hair and put the string of pearl beads around her neck. +Probably the queen mother also gave Baby Stuart the big red apple he +holds in his hands. He was only two years old, and she thought he +might get hungry or need something to play with. + +[Illustration: _Children of Charles I_] + +When at last they were all ready, the boats were waiting for them. +Several ladies went with the queen, so it was quite a party. It was a +beautiful ride down the river to Sir Anthony Van Dyck's house. When +at last the boats came to the landing place, very likely Prince +Charles was the first to jump on shore. + +The great Sir Anthony Van Dyck himself came out to meet them. He was +glad to have three such lovely children to paint. He was very fond of +children and then, too, he always liked to have a great many people +about him. When the party entered his studio,--the room where Van Dyck +painted,--they found many people already there. The ladies wore +beautiful dresses and the men, too, were dressed in velvets and silks, +and carried shining swords. Sir Anthony Van Dyck had a very large, +fine dog, and as soon as the dog saw the children he came right up to +them. He seemed to like Prince Charles best, and sat beside him all +the time his picture was being painted. He liked to feel the soft +stroke of Prince Charles's kind hand. + +Baby Stuart stands upon a raised platform and his head is almost as +high as his sister's. He looks a little shy as he stands there, +holding his apple tight in his chubby little hands. His sister Mary +must have held some roses in her hand and dropped them. Can you see +them on the rug, in front of her? If Baby Stuart should drop his +apple, perhaps the dog would bring it to him. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck was very fond of music, and always had some +musicians playing while he painted. The children liked the music, too, +and it made them forget they were standing still so long. The ladies +and gentlemen talked together in another part of the room, but this +did not disturb the artist. He was so absorbed in his work that he did +not hear them, and no one would have thought of interrupting him. + +The children stood still almost half an hour that day before the artist +said, "That will do"; and they came several times before Sir Anthony Van +Dyck could finish painting their faces. Then he told their mother to +send him the three little dresses the children were wearing, and he +would paint them without the children. You may be sure the children were +glad they did not need to stand while the dresses were being painted. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck painted a curtain just back of the children, and +through the window we see a rosebush which may be the one from which +the little Princess Mary picked her roses. The great artist painted +many pictures of these three children, but the king and queen liked +this one best of all. + +A long time after this picture was painted the father, King Charles I, +was beheaded by some of his people who did not like him. Prince +Charles grew up to be King Charles II. He did not like to do anything +but have a good time, so people called him the "Merry Monarch." He +nearly always took a dog with him wherever he went, even to church. He +seemed to like a certain very small dog best, and people named these +dogs after him. They called them "King Charles spaniels." Have you +ever seen a King Charles spaniel? + +When Princess Mary was only ten years old she was married to the +Prince of Orange, who was then only fifteen years of age. But she +lived in her own home until she grew up. When at last she did go to +live in her husband's country every one was glad to see her, for she +was such a good and wise princess. She often helped her brothers, too, +for it seemed as if they were always in trouble. + +Baby Stuart grew up to be a great naval officer, who fought and won +battles on a big boat at sea. When his brother, King Charles II, died, +he became King James II. + +When you look at this picture of Baby Stuart you feel sure he will +grow up to be a good king. But, do you know, he was not a good king. +The people did not like him at all, and even drove him out of the +country. But we like to think of him always as a pretty baby whose +queen mother used to sing him to sleep just as other mothers do. + +These three children liked to play and have a good time just as much +as we do. It would be great fun to visit them and play with them, +would it not? + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Whose children +are these? Where did they live? Where did they play? Which one is +Prince Charles? Tell about him. When he grew up what did he become? +What kind of a king was he? What kind of dogs were named after him? +why? How is he dressed in this picture? Whose dog is he petting? Who +stands next to him? What color is Princess Mary's dress? Whom did she +look like? Why do you suppose she does not wear a cap or bonnet like +her brothers? How is her hair combed? How old was she when she married +the Prince of Orange? What kind of a princess was she? Whom did she +help? Upon what is Baby Stuart standing? What color is his dress? When +he grew up, what did he become? What kind of a king was he? How old +was he when this picture was painted? Where was it painted? Who +brought the children to the studio? How did they bring them? Who met +them at the landing? What kind of a place was this studio? How long +did the children stand? What helped to keep them from getting tired? +After Sir Anthony Van Dyck had painted their faces, what did he say +about their dresses? What did the king and queen think about this +picture? What do you think about it? + + +=To the Teacher:= Allow the children to act out the story. They will +enjoy representing the children at play in the park, getting dressed +for their picture, and finally posing for it. Wrapping paper or even +common newspapers may be used to make the stiff, long skirts and the +caps. A make-believe boat is satisfactory. A kindergarten stool will +do for the platform on which Baby Stuart is standing. + + +=The story of the artist.= Sir Anthony Van Dyck's father kept a silk +store and sold beautiful silks to rich people. He met so many fine +folks that he tried to be like them himself, and soon had as fine +manners as the best of them. This made him just a little bit too +proud, so that he no longer cared to have anything to do with any one +who was common or poor. + +The boy Anthony grew up with something of the same feeling. When he +was very little he did not like to play with other boys, but preferred +to sit in his father's shop where the great ladies came to buy silk. +He liked to have them smile at him, and to smile shyly back at them. + +Anthony's mother made the most exquisite embroidery and painted +beautiful flowers. She gave the little boy his first lessons in +painting. By the time Anthony was old enough to go to school his +parents had become very rich, and nothing was too good for their +little boy. He liked to draw better than anything else, and so when he +was fourteen years old they sent him to a good teacher to learn how to +draw and paint. Here he worked very hard. He did so well that in two +years, when he wanted to study with the great Dutch artist, Rubens, +the artist was glad to have him as his pupil. + +There were a good many boys in the class. One day their teacher, +Rubens, went out for a long walk. He always locked the door of his +private studio and no one else had a key, except a servant. The boys +wanted so much to see what was in that room that they finally +persuaded the servant to let them in. Once inside the studio, they +crowded close around the new picture Rubens was painting, and one of +the boys was pushed against it. His coat sleeve rubbed off the chin +and arm of the Virgin the artist was painting. The boys were terribly +frightened, and did not know what to do. Finally they decided that the +chin and arm must be painted in again. All said that Anthony could do +it better than any of the rest. + +So well did he paint that even Rubens did not know anything had +happened. When he did find out about it he was so pleased to know +that his pupil could paint so well he did not scold the boys at all. +After that he often let Anthony help him paint his pictures. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck went on many long journeys to see the work of +other artists. He had eleven brothers and sisters, for whom he was +always doing helpful things. He admired beautiful silks, satins, +velvets, and lace, and liked best to paint people wearing fine +clothes. He did it so well, too, that all the people of King Charles's +court wanted him to paint their portraits. He could always make them +good looking, for even if they had very ugly faces, he painted such +beautiful clothes on them that they made lovely pictures. + +He must have loved children, for all his paintings of them look as if +he did. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Tell about his +mother and father. What did Sir Anthony Van Dyck like to do when he +was a little boy? Who taught him to draw? With what great artist did +he study when he was older? What happened to one of Rubens's pictures? +Who painted it over again? Why did Rubens not scold him? What did Sir +Anthony Van Dyck like to paint best? What makes you think he must have +loved children? + + + + +FOUR LITTLE SCAMPS ARE WE + + =Artist:= Julius Adam (ăd´´ăm). + =Birthplace:= Unknown. + =Dates:= Unknown. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= How many of you like little kittens? +How many have a kitty at home? What are these little kittens doing? +Where do you think they are? What makes you think they are all well +fed and cared for? What is the color of their fur? How many of them +look happy? How many have a ribbon around the neck? What do you +suppose these little kittens have been doing? Which one would you +choose for your pet? why? Do you think this is a good picture of +kittens? Why do you think so? Why do you suppose it is called "Four +Little Scamps Are We"? + + +=The story of the picture.= Once there was a man named Mr. Adam, who +had four little kittens just like these. He liked to watch them play, +and they loved him because he was so kind to them. He must have found +it very hard to make them keep still long enough for him to paint +their pictures. Probably he put them in a large glass cage with wire +over the top, as so many painters of cats have done. The wire was +placed over the top so the kittens could have plenty of air. Sometimes +Mr. Adam would drop a ball or string down through the wire into the +cage and play with the kittens. The sides of the cage were made of +glass so that he could watch them while he painted, no matter in what +part of the cage they might be. + +Perhaps these four little kittens have just had a fine romp through +the house. What do you suppose they had for breakfast? Probably a +saucer full of milk, which is just what little kittens like best. + +Mr. Adam has finally succeeded in chasing his four roguish little +kittens into the cage. They do not mind staying in the cage to please +him, for they like to have him talk to them and play with them. They +try to look their very best for him, and wonder which one he will take +up first. Sometimes he must like to take them up in his arms and pet +them. Which one would you like to take in your arms? + +These four pretty kittens must be very happy, for they look as if they +were well cared for. That first little kitten at the left-hand side of +the picture seems happy. We suspect she is purring. That is the way she +lets us know she is happy, just as children sing when they are happy. I +am sure she would like to lie in your lap and let you pet her. She +holds her head a little to one side, and her bright eyes seem to say, +"I may be little, but I'm spry. Just roll a marble toward me, and see." + +[Illustration: _Four Little Scamps Are We_] + +How very wise the second little kitten looks! Perhaps she is proud of +her white collar and cuffs. I am sure she keeps them nice and clean. +Such a baby she is, to be so thoughtful! But she likes to play, too, +no doubt. What do you suppose she is thinking about? Maybe she is +thinking of a nice, soft red ball in a basket in the sewing room, and +after her picture is painted perhaps she means to get that ball and +surprise the other kittens. Then they will all roll over and over on +the floor with it. Or maybe the mamma cat has told her she will show +her how to catch a mouse. She will need to keep very quiet then, or +the mouse will hear and run away. + +The third little kitty is almost all white. She looks as if she saw a +bird. We hope she is not such a naughty kitty as to try to catch our +pretty birds. I am sure Mr. Adam will not want her to do that, and +will teach her better. But, do you know, I believe it is a fly she +sees, and I hope she will catch that. She surely does look as if she +were planning some mischief as she crouches there ready for anything. + +The last little kitten seems to say, "Oh, look at my pretty ribbon! I +am the only one of us that wears a ribbon! Is it not fine?" No wonder +he holds his head so high! His fur is striped, and he looks like a +little tiger kitten. + +With such bright eyes and such sharp ears it is no wonder cats hear +and see the little mice that go about so quietly. Do you know why a +cat has whiskers? They say that the whiskers are always as wide as the +widest part of the cat's body, so that when she wants to go through a +hole in the fence, or through any narrow place, she can tell whether +the opening is large enough. If her whiskers just touch, she can go +through all right; but if they are pushed back, then it is of no use +for her to try, for there will not be room enough to pass. + +Have you ever noticed the color of little kittens' eyes? They are +nearly always blue when the kittens are very little, but turn yellow +as they grow older. Their eyes are very different from ours, for they +can see in the dark as well as in the daytime. + +What soft little cushions they have on their feet! No wonder they can +go about so quietly. When they like you, they keep their claws hidden +in those cushions, and so they do not scratch when they play with you. + +Did you ever watch a cat sharpen her claws? She usually sharpens them +on the trunk of a tree, but sometimes she likes to sharpen them on the +carpet or rug. Your mamma does not like that. Even little kittens have +very sharp teeth and claws, and if you tease them, or they are afraid, +they bite and scratch. These little kittens look as if they had never +been teased or felt cross, and we would not be a bit afraid to pet them. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Where do you +suppose Mr. Adam put these kittens when he wanted to paint them? Why +put them in a glass cage? Why have wire over the top? Why do the +kittens like to stay in the cage? Which of the kittens has a ribbon +around the neck? How does he seem to feel? What does the next kitten +seem to be about to do? What color is she? What is the next little +kitten doing? How does a kitten tell us that she is happy? Why does a +cat have whiskers? How do a cat's eyes differ from ours? What have +cats on their feet that help them to walk quietly? Of what use are +their claws? What does a cat do when she is angry? How does she +sharpen her claws? What does she do with them if she likes you? + + +=To the Teacher:= Allow the children to talk freely of their kittens +at home. Have them draw a kitten with charcoal on manila paper. Even +if the results are not much in themselves, their powers of observation +will be quickened, as is always shown when the same drawing is +attempted a few days later. + + +=The story of the artist.= We know that Mr. Adam must have been very +fond of cats, because he has painted so many pictures of them; but +that is all we really do know of him. One authority gives the first +letter of his name as S., the dates of his birth and death as 1801 and +1867, and his birthplace, Italy. Another authority gives the same +dates but the initial letter J. and the birthplace, France. The +paintings are signed T. or J. Adam, but no record has been kept of the +artist's life. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Why do you +think he must have liked cats? + + + + +MADONNA OF THE CHAIR + + =Original Picture:= Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy. + =Artist:= Raphael Sanzio (rä´´f[+a] ĕl sän´´zyō). + =Birthplace:= Urbino, Italy. + =Dates:= Born, 1483; died, 1520. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= Whom do you see in this picture? Who +is sitting in the chair? Who leans against the mother's knee? What is +he holding under his arm? At whom is he looking? Why do you think he +loves the baby? How many have a baby brother at home? What has the +mother on her head? Around her shoulders? What makes you think the +baby is not sitting very still? Who painted this picture? + + +=The story of the picture.= A long time ago a good old man whose name +was Bernardo lived all alone in a little house in the woods. If people +were lost in the woods, or tired, or hungry, they always came to him +and he would help them. It was his work to take care of the trees and +see that only the oldest and largest were cut down. But there was one +large oak near his house he never would let the men cut. Its branches +kept his house cool in summer with their shade, and in the winter they +sheltered it from the bitter cold winds. Bernardo, living all alone +and with no one to talk to, used to talk to the tree. And the big oak +would nod its branches as if it understood every word. + +All the trees belonged to a man who used the wood to make barrels. He +made hundreds and hundreds of barrels, and though it took a great many +trees to give him wood enough, he always spared the oak tree. +Sometimes when this man came out to see about his trees his little +daughter Mary came with him. And so Bernardo and little Mary became +great friends. In fact, the old man said he had only two friends, the +oak to whom he talked and little Mary who talked to him. + +One day there was a dreadful storm and Bernardo's little house shook +so in the wind that he was afraid to stay in it. He looked at the oak +tree, and it seemed to motion to him and tell him to come into its +branches, where he would be safe. So he put some bread in his pocket, +for he knew the storm would last a long time, and climbed up into the +tree. It was a good thing he did so, too, for very soon his house was +blown down. Hundreds of birds also hid among the branches of the big +tree during the storm, which lasted three days. + +The old man wished he had brought more bread to eat, for the ground +was covered with water so deep he did not dare leave the tree. Just as +he began to think he would starve, Mary and her father came in search +of him and took him to their home. Little Mary had been thinking of +him all the time, and just as soon as they could they had come for +him. So you see his two friends, Mary and the oak, had saved his life, +and Bernardo loved them more than ever. He prayed that in some way his +two good friends might always be remembered together. + +[Illustration: _Madonna of the Chair_] + +Many years after, Bernardo died. By that time the oak was so old it +seemed as if it would fall over and break the other trees near it, or +maybe hurt somebody. So it was cut down, and Mary's father had it made +into fine new barrels. By this time the little Mary had grown up, was +married, and had two fine boys of her own. She was sitting out on the +nice big porch of her home one day, holding the baby in her arms, when +the older boy came running to her to show her a stick which one of the +workmen had carved into a cross. And who should happen to be passing +the house at that very moment but the great artist, Raphael. + +When he looked up and saw the lovely mother and her children, he +thought he had never seen anything so beautiful. He was on his way +home after a long walk, and did not even have his paints with him. But +he saw the empty barrels in the yard, and choosing one with a nice +smooth head, he drew on it, with a piece of charcoal, a picture of +Mary and her children. He took the drawing home with him and painted +this great picture. So the old man's wish came true, for this barrel +end made from the old oak tree, with the picture of Mary and her +children upon it, has become famous over all the world. + +Such a round-faced, healthy, happy-looking baby, held tight in the +loving clasp of his mother's strong arms! Perhaps he is getting tired +of sitting so long for his picture, and wants to go down and see what +the artist is doing. His chubby little arms and feet make us think he +is not sitting very still. His lovely mother bends her head toward +him. Her head is covered with a handkerchief, and there is such a +beautiful shawl around her shoulders. The older boy looks with love +and adoration at his sweet baby brother, who is looking toward us. +What a beautiful old carved chair they must have been sitting in! + +The mother's face was so good and kind, and she looked so lovely there +on the porch with her children, that she reminded Raphael of that +other mother, Mary, the mother of the baby Jesus. The elder brother +looked like the little St. John adoring Jesus. So Raphael painted a +halo around their heads and called the picture the "Madonna of the +Chair." This halo is a ring of light which artists often paint around +the heads of angels and saints. Raphael wanted to make us think loving +and tender thoughts about the baby Jesus, Mary, and St. John. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Who was +Bernardo? Where did he live? What did he do? Why did he not cut down +the oak tree near his house? To whom did he talk? How did the oak +tree seem to answer him? Who was Mary? Tell about the storm. How long +did it last? Who came in search of Bernardo? Why did he pray that his +two friends might be remembered together? What became of the oak tree? +of Mary? Who painted her picture? Where was she? On what did the +artist paint the picture? why? Why is the picture round? How did this +make Bernardo's wish come true? Of whom did Mary and her children make +the artist think? Why did he paint the halo around their heads? What +is a halo? Why is the picture called the "Madonna of the Chair"? Of +whom did the artist want to make us think? + + +=To the Teacher:= Have the children retell the story of the picture. + + +=The story of the artist.= Raphael's father was a painter, and +belonged to a family of painters. Perhaps there never was a more +fortunate little boy born to more loving parents. And perhaps that, +too, is the reason he grew up with such pleasant ways and such a sweet +nature that every one who knew him loved him. It made people happy +just to be with him. + +Raphael's father taught him how to mix paints, and showed him how to +wash and care for his brushes. He gave him his first lessons in +drawing and painting. Raphael's mother died when he was only eight +years old, but he had a stepmother who was very good to him indeed, +and helped him all she could. A few years later his father died, and +so it was through the help of a generous uncle that he was sent to the +studio of the great artist, Perugino, to study. The artist-teacher was +very fond and very proud of Raphael, whose work soon became even +better than his own. + +Raphael was never jealous or unkind toward others who did things +better than he could do them. And he made those who could not do so +well as he feel kindly toward him and be glad of his success. He did +all he could to help poor artists, and was never too busy to see them. +Whenever he went to court to see the king and queen he was just like a +prince in a fairy story. About fifty of these poorer artists and +friends always went with him to show everybody how much they loved and +admired him. It was just like a parade. + +One day the Pope--Pope Julius--sent for him and told him that he +wanted him to paint some good pictures on the walls of four of the +rooms in his palace, the Vatican. On these walls pictures had been +painted which the Pope did not like, and he thought Raphael would know +just what to do to make his palace the most beautiful in the world. +Raphael worked very hard, for he wanted to please the Pope. Many of +the pictures had to be painted on the ceilings, and he had to lie flat +on his back on a large board placed across two ladders. You may be +sure he grew very tired. + +Some days he took long walks in the country. It was when returning +from one of these long walks that he painted the "Madonna of the +Chair." He painted over forty Madonnas. This Madonna is seated in a +chair, and that is why it is called the "Madonna of the Chair," or +"_Madonna della Sedia_." Most of his paintings are of stories told in +the Bible. He painted over two hundred eighty-seven pictures. The +artist's last name was Sanzio, but people have always called him by +his first name, Raphael. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What kind of a +boy was he? Why did people like him? Who taught him to draw and paint? +Who else helped him? What happened when he went to see the king and +queen? What did the Pope ask him to do? How did he paint the ceiling? +Where did he like to walk? How did he happen to paint this picture? +What kind of pictures did he usually paint? How many Madonnas did he +paint? How many pictures all together? + + + + +MISS BOWLES + + =Artist:= Sir Joshua Reynolds (rĕn´´ŭldz). + =Birthplace:= Plympton, Devonshire, England. + =Dates:= Born, 1723; died, 1792. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What is the little girl in this +picture doing? Why does she keep such fast hold of the little dog? +Where do you think they are? Do you think she looks happy or +frightened? why? What has she in her hair? How is she dressed? What +makes you think you would like to play with her? What do you think +they have been doing? Where have they been playing? Do you like this +picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= How pleased little Miss Bowles must have +been when her mamma and papa told her she was to go to the studio of +the great Sir Joshua Reynolds to have her picture painted! She must +have clapped her hands, for, as every one knew, Sir Joshua Reynolds +was the most delightful man in the world. He not only loved children +but he always played with them and kept a great many wonderful toys in +his studio just for them. Then, too, he had invited her and her mamma +and papa to have lunch with him before she sat for her picture. + +Sir Joshua had told her mamma to dress the little girl in the simplest +white dress she had, so she could play, and because he did not like +fine clothes. + +It was a lovely drive from her home to the studio, and the two fine +horses held their heads up and stepped very high as if they, too, were +glad they were going to Sir Joshua's house. Just as Miss Bowles +stepped out of the carriage the cutest little black and white dog came +racing down the walk to greet her. Little Miss Bowles was not a bit +afraid. How could she be, when the little black and white dog came +right up to her and stood wagging his tail? When she had petted him, +perhaps he ran to bring a stick for her to throw, so he could find it +and bring it back to her, just as your dog does. Sir Joshua heard her +laughing and the dog barking as he came out to welcome them. + +Almost at once, luncheon was announced and they all went in to the big +dining room. Sir Joshua Reynolds sat next to little Miss Bowles and +told her all about the little dog, whose name, perhaps, was Spot. A +lady whose picture he had painted had given the dog to him, and she +had taught Spot several very clever tricks which Miss Bowles should +see right after luncheon. + +Sir Joshua loved to surprise his little friends. When they were not +looking he would take their handkerchiefs from them, or suddenly put +some strange toy in their laps. He loved to see their look of surprise +and delight. + +[Illustration: _Miss Bowles_] + +After luncheon came a good romp in the yard. Perhaps the little dog +would bite Miss Bowles's shoes and try to keep her from running. How +she must have laughed! + +When she went back into the house Spot went in with her. Little Miss +Bowles is so afraid the artist is going to send her pet away that she +holds him fast in her arms, and looks at Sir Joshua Reynolds as much +as to say, "Now you can't send him away, can you?" Her eyes fairly +sparkle with glee as she squeezes the little dog much too hard for his +comfort. He knows that she holds him so fast because she wants to keep +him, and he is glad to be with her, but oh! if she just would not +squeeze quite so hard! + +Show me how little Miss Bowles is sitting. I suppose she is afraid to +look away even for a second for fear Sir Joshua will play some trick +on her and get the little dog away. Sir Joshua painted so very fast +that I don't suppose she knew just when he drew her picture, although +he probably asked her to sit still when he was ready to paint. But she +must have gone to his house several times before the picture was +finished. Her father and mother were very much pleased with the +picture, and said it looked just like their little girl. + +Sir Joshua Reynolds loved the woods and nature so much that he nearly +always painted them in his pictures. So in the background of this +picture we catch a glimpse of the woods in the yard where the child +and dog have been playing, and where they have just stopped a moment +to rest. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Where was this +picture painted? Why was little Miss Bowles so glad to go? How did she +go? What came to meet her? What color was the dog? How did he act? Who +gave the dog to the artist? How did Sir Joshua Reynolds know little +Miss Bowles had come? How did he tease her? What did they do after +luncheon? Why did she hold the dog so fast? What can you see behind +the little girl? + + +=To the Teacher:= Let the children illustrate the story of little Miss +Bowles playing with her dog in the park. Use charcoal, or colored +crayon, on manila paper. + + +=The story of the artist.= Sir Joshua Reynolds's father was a teacher +in a private school, and to this school Joshua was sent as soon as he +was old enough to study. Even when a very little boy Joshua liked to +draw. He liked it so well that it was hard for him to study in school. +He always saw so many things he wanted to draw that he could not wait +until after school, but drew them on the back of his lesson papers. +One day he drew all over his number paper, and when he handed it in +his father could not read the numbers on account of the drawing. His +father was disappointed because his son's paper did not look so neat +as the other boys', and so he wrote at the top of the sheet, "Done by +Joshua out of pure idleness." + +Joshua had five brothers and sisters who liked to draw just as well as +he did, and who could all draw very much better than he could. It took +so much paper and so many pencils for all his children, that finally +the father told them they might draw on the walls of one of the halls. +The walls had been whitewashed and the children used burnt sticks for +pencils. + +At first the older brothers and sisters used to help little Joshua by +guiding his hand, but he soon learned to draw as well as they. His +first drawings had been so funny that they laughed at him, but now +they praised him instead. When he was only eight years old he drew a +picture that every one praised very much. It was a picture of the +schoolhouse. When his father saw it he was so pleased that he said, +"This is wonderful!" + +In the little town where Joshua lived the people had church on +Sundays, of course, and sometimes during the week. One day, Joshua +went to church. At first he sat very still, but the sermon was a long +one, and finally he grew so tired that he could not listen another +minute. He thought he would like to draw a picture of the minister, +but he had nothing to draw it on. Then he remembered that he had a +pencil in his pocket, and he could draw a picture of the minister on +his thumb nail; and that is just what he did. + +The church was near the river, and after church Joshua went down to +the river bank. Finding a piece of an old sail, he carried it to a +boathouse. Here, from the picture on his thumb nail, he drew on the +piece of sail the portrait of the minister. Then he painted it, using +the common paint that is used in painting boats. Joshua was only +eleven years old, and had finished his first oil painting. His father +had wanted him to be a doctor, but after seeing this picture he +decided to let Joshua have his own way and be a painter. He sent him +to a good teacher, and lived to see his son a great artist. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Where did he +go to school? Who taught him? What did he like to do best? On what did +he draw? Why was his father disappointed when he saw his number paper? +Where were the children allowed to draw? With what did they draw? What +did he draw that pleased his father very much? Tell about the picture +of the minister. + + + + +TWO MOTHERS AND THEIR FAMILIES + + =Artist:= Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau (b[=oo]´gẽrō´´). + =Birthplace:= Exeter, New Hampshire. + =Dates:= Born, 1842. Still living, 1918. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? In +what room do you think they are? Why do you suppose the picture is +called "Two Mothers and Their Families"? How many little chickens are +there? What time of the year do you think it is? time of day? What is +the little boy doing? How many of you like this picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= This little boy is having a good time +feeding the fluffy little chickens. He has scattered some grain on the +floor and the old hen and eight of her chicks are eating as fast as +they can. + +Two of the old hen's chicks must have wandered away, so that at first +they did not hear the mother hen's cluck. Now see how they flutter +their wings as they hurry back toward the others! + +[Illustration: _Two Mothers and Their Families_] + +The old mother hen takes such good care of her little chickens! When it +is very cold she will spread out her wings until all the little ones are +covered. She keeps them warm and snug. If it rains, and she cannot get +them under shelter, she will protect them with her wings in the pouring +rain, much as she dislikes it. Every day she must scratch for bugs and +worms for them and teach them how to scratch for their own living. + +She watches carefully to see that nothing harms them. Sometimes big +birds, called chicken hawks, fly over the yard ready to swoop down and +carry little chickens away in their claws. Then there are other things +to be feared, such as weasels and rats; even cats and dogs might harm +her little ones. Is it any wonder the mother hen is anxious, and apt +to be cross when we go near her little chicks? It is best to be +careful, then, for if she thinks you mean to hurt them she will fly at +you and hurt you with her sharp bill. + +When the artist, Mrs. Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau, visited this home +and saw the mother and her child watching this old hen and her +chickens, it is no wonder she wanted to paint them. She wanted to make +us feel the love of the mother hen for her little ones as well as that +of the other mother for her children. + +The child is delighted, as, safe in his mother's arms, he looks around +to see if she is watching, too. There is a little baby sister in the +cradle, and that is the reason he keeps very quiet and does not speak. +No doubt the mother has rocked the baby to sleep. You can see how the +baby is fastened in the cradle so she cannot fall out. That +odd-looking top over part of the cradle is placed there to keep the +light from the baby's eyes. Just now it is moved a little to one side, +and we can see part of the baby's face. + +This home probably belongs to a French peasant who goes to his work +very early in the morning, or he would be with his family now. + +It must be a very hot day in summer, for both mother and child are +barefooted and they are dressed for warm weather. + +See the pots and pans hanging on the wall under the shelf, and the old +kettle hanging over the large open fireplace! The room must be +kitchen, bedroom, and dining room all in one; perhaps they have only +this one room. There is a basket on the stand, and most likely it is +filled with vegetables brought in from the garden for dinner. + +What a happy, healthy little boy this is, with his hair in little +ringlets all over his head! His half-closed hand makes us think he +still has some corn left to scatter on the floor for the chickens. + +It seems very strange to see chickens running about in the house. If +the mother and child were not dressed so as to keep themselves cool we +should think they had let them in because it was too cold for them +outside. + +The mother looks as proud of her small son as the mother hen is of her +young family. What a pleasant face she has! The old hen does not feel +anxious when she is near, for she knows this other mother is kind and +will care for her and her fluffy little chicks. The boy, too, seems to +be very careful, and the hen is glad to have the grain scattered by +his kind little hand. + +There is so much bright light in the picture that we are sure there is +an open door near by, though we cannot see it in the picture. It was +through this open doorway that the mother hen and her chicks strayed +into the house. Probably the artist sat in the doorway as she painted. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= What is the +little boy doing? What makes you think he has just scattered corn for +the chickens? How many chickens have found the grain? What are the +other two chickens doing? How does the mother hen care for her +chickens? What do you see standing beside the mother and child? Who is +sleeping in the cradle? What are the straps for? the shade? Why do you +think it must have been a hot day? What hangs under the shelf? What do +you see on the shelf? What is on the stand? Why is the old hen not +afraid of the mother and child? In what way are the two mothers alike? +From which direction does the light seem to come? + + +=The story of the artist.= We know very little about the artist, Mrs. +Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau, except that she is an American who has +spent most of her life in France. She studied in Paris for many years +and was a pupil of the great artist Bouguereau, whom she married. Her +pictures have been exhibited many times in this country and abroad. +Among her best-known works, besides the "Two Mothers and Their +Families," are "Cinderella," "Fortune Teller," "Maud Muller," +"Cornelia and Her Jewels," and "Corinne." She has also painted a +number of portraits. Many of her pictures are of children. She is +still living in Paris, France. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Where was the +artist born? Where did she study and whom did she marry? Where do you +think she must have been sitting when she painted the picture? Name +two of her best-known pictures. + + + + +CAN'T YOU TALK? + + =Artist:= G. A. Holmes (hōmz). + =Birthplace:= England. + =Dates:= Unknown. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? Where +are they? Why is the stone floor not too cold for the baby? What time +of day do you think it is? why? What do you suppose the baby has been +doing? What makes you think the big dog loves the baby? What is the +little kitten doing? What do you see on the stone bench? Do you like +the picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= It must have been a warm summer day when +this little baby slipped out of her bed, crept across the room to the +door, and out on the cool stone porch. + +It may have been a Monday morning, when the baby's mamma was very busy +in the kitchen, washing the clothes. Probably she put the baby to bed +for the usual morning nap, and did not hear her wake up. + +It must be about noon, for the shadows are short in the picture. The +mother is probably out in the yard, taking her clean clothes off the +line, so of course she could not hear the baby creep out through the +open door to the porch. There the baby found the great dog keeping +watch. How wise he looks! He knows the baby's mamma would be worried +if she knew what her little one is doing, and his kind eyes seem to +say, "Never mind, I'll take care of her." + +[Illustration: _"Can't You Talk?"_] + +Perhaps the baby asks him, "Where's my mamma?" He looks as if he +wanted to answer or say something, and she cannot understand why he +does not, so she crawls up to him and says, "Can't you talk?" But the +big dog can only wag his tail and watch the baby. If she should crawl +too far away, we feel sure he would try to persuade her to come back, +or if he could not do that, he would bark and let the mother know +something was wrong. + +What chubby little hands and feet the baby has! You can almost see the +dimples in her cheeks. She is a friendly, happy little child, I'm +sure, and you can see that her pets love her. There is the little +kitten rubbing up against the door as if waiting to see if the dog +will answer baby's question. Kitty seems to be afraid to come out on +the porch, although the dog does not look as if he would hurt her. +Sometimes little babies with such chubby hands squeeze their pets too +hard, and maybe this little kitten, although she loves the baby, does +not want to come too near. + +There is a stone bench at one side of the porch. It looks as if some +one had left a market basket, a cabbage, and a bag on it. Perhaps in +the basket are potatoes from the garden. + +What a busy life this baby has with so many things to do and so much +to learn! She tries so hard to understand. I suppose she thinks, "Good +old dog, you seem to know so much more than I do. How does it happen +that I can talk and you cannot?" + +The mother will be coming in soon, and how surprised she will be to +find her baby up and out on the porch, with the big dog taking such +good care of her! + +This good old dog does so much to help them! All night long he guards +the house, not allowing any one even to stop on the walk in front of +the house, without his warning bark. In the daytime, if the people +wish to go away, they may be sure the faithful dog will allow no one +to enter the house while they are gone. No harm can come to these good +people while he is there to help them. You can tell by looking at him +that he is well fed and well cared for. That fluffy little kitten, +too, just ready to dart back into the house and scamper across the +floor, looks happy and contented. Evidently the people who live in +this house with its wide stone porch are good and kind. Should you not +like to visit them? + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= How did the baby +get out on the porch? Why does she not walk? Where has she been? What +time of day is it? Where do you suppose her mother is? What did the +baby find on the porch? What does she ask the dog? How can he answer? +How does he take care of her? What makes you think her pets love her? +Why does the little kitten stay inside? What is on the stone bench? +Should you like to visit the people who live in this house? why? + + +=To the Teacher:= Encourage the children to talk about their pets at +home, and to draw pictures of them. + + +=The story of the artist.= Although Mr. Holmes has painted many very +popular pictures of children and their pets, we can find very little +information about his life except that he was an Englishman. However, +he cannot be forgotten so long as his pictures live to tell us of his +little friends and their faithful pets. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What do his +pictures tell us about the artist? In what country was he born? + + + + +THE SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS + + +=Studying the picture.= Several days before the lesson is to be taken +up, the picture to be studied should be placed where every pupil can +see it. + +First of all, the children should find out for themselves what is in +the picture. The questions accompanying the story of each picture are +intended to help them to do this. + + +=Language work.= The pupils should be encouraged in class to talk +freely and naturally. In this way the lesson becomes a language +exercise in which the pupils will gain in freedom of expression and in +the ability to form clear mental images. + +If a lesson does not occupy the entire drawing period, the children +should be asked to retell the story of the picture. + + +=Dramatization and drawing.= Most of the stories told by the pictures +lend themselves readily to dramatization and, whenever practicable, +such stories should be acted out. The stories also offer numerous +interesting situations that may be used as subjects for drawing lessons. + + +=The review lesson.= The review lesson should cover all pictures and +artists studied throughout the year. At this time other pictures +available by the same artists should be on exhibition. + +The review work may be conducted as a contest in which the pictures +are held up, one at a time, while the class writes the name of the +picture and the artist on slips of paper which have been prepared and +numbered for that purpose. One teacher who used this device surprised +her class by presenting those whose lists were correct with their +choice of any of the large-sized Perry pictures studied. + +Many teachers, however, will prefer to use this time for composition +work, although the description of pictures is often given as an +English lesson. Pupils may write a description of their favorite +picture. In fact, the lessons can be made to correlate with history, +geography, English, spelling, reading, or nature study. + +In any event the real purpose of the work is that the pupils shall +become so familiar with the pictures that they will recognize them as +old friends whenever and wherever they may see them. + +It is hoped that acquaintance with the picture and the interest +awakened by its story will grow into a fuller appreciation and +understanding of the artist's work. Thus the children will have many +happy hours and will learn to love the good, the true, and the +beautiful in everything about them. + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: + + +* Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original + (=bold=). + +* Some words have accents of different weights. The heavier accent is + marked double (''). (Example: bo'nur'') + +* Pg 1 Pronunciation guide for (zhäN fräN´swä´´ mē´lĕ´´) + presents a Latin letter small capital "N", a voiced uvular nasal. + +* Pg 27 Raphael Sanzio (rä´´f[+a] ĕl sän´´zyō) contains the + "+" symbol representing an "up tack" not represented in any charts. + +* Pg 42 Bouguereau (b[=oo]´gẽrō´´) contains [=oo] representing a + "long oo" sound not represented in any charts.] + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Stories Pictures Tell, by Flora Carpenter + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES PICTURES TELL *** + +***** This file should be named 32471-0.txt or 32471-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/4/7/32471/ + +Produced by Larry B. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/32471-0.zip b/32471-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f919f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/32471-0.zip diff --git a/32471-8.txt b/32471-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0be14c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/32471-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1695 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stories Pictures Tell, by Flora Carpenter + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Stories Pictures Tell + Book One + +Author: Flora Carpenter + +Release Date: May 21, 2010 [EBook #32471] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES PICTURES TELL *** + + + + +Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: Title Decoration] + + STORIES + PICTURES TELL + + BOOK ONE + + _By_ + FLORA L. CARPENTER + _Instructor in drawing in Waite High School, Toledo, Ohio_ + + _Illustrated with Half Tones from + Original Photographs_ + + RAND McNALLY & COMPANY + CHICAGO NEW YORK + + + + + _Copyright, 1918_ + BY RAND MCNALLY & CO. + +[Illustration: Publisher's symbol] + + + + +THE CONTENTS + + + SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER PAGE + + "Feeding Her Birds" _Millet_ 1 + + "Children of Charles I" _Van Dyck_ 10 + + + NOVEMBER, DECEMBER, AND JANUARY + + "Four Little Scamps Are We" _Adam_ 21 + + "Madonna of the Chair" _Raphael_ 27 + + + FEBRUARY AND MARCH + + "Miss Bowles" _Reynolds_ 35 + + "Two Mothers and Their + Families" _Elizabeth Bouguereau_ 42 + + + APRIL, MAY, AND JUNE + + "Can't You Talk?" _Holmes_ 48 + + Review of Pictures and Artists Studied + + _The Suggestions to Teachers_ 53 + + + + +THE PREFACE + + +Art supervisors in the public schools assign picture-study work in +each grade, recommending the study of certain pictures by well-known +masters. As Supervisor of Drawing I found that the children enjoyed +this work but that the teachers felt incompetent to conduct the +lessons as they lacked time to look up the subject and to gather +adequate material. Recourse to a great many books was necessary and +often while much information could usually be found about the artist, +very little was available about his pictures. + +Hence I began collecting information about the pictures and preparing +the lessons for the teachers just as I would give them myself to +pupils of their grade. + +My plan does not include many pictures during the year, as this is to +be only a part of the art work and is not intended to take the place +of drawing. + +The lessons in this grade are planned for the usual drawing period of +from twenty to thirty minutes, and have been given in that time +successfully. + + FLORA L. CARPENTER + +[Illustration: FEEDING HER BIRDS] + + + + +STORIES PICTURES TELL + +FEEDING HER BIRDS + + =Original Picture:= Lille Museum, Lille, France. + =Artist:= Jean Franois Millet (zhN frNsw䴴 m[=e]l[)e]). + =Birthplace:= Gruchy, France. + =Dates:= Born, 1814; died, 1875. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? What +are the children doing? Where do they live? On what are they sitting? +Whom can you see behind the house? What is he doing? What do you think +the children were doing before their mother called them? why? What +does the hen expect? What else do you see in the picture? What time of +day do you think it is? Why is this picture called "Feeding Her +Birds"? How many like it? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= In a tiny white cottage in a little +village in France, lived a painter with his wife and nine children. +This painter's name was Jean Franois Millet, and although quite poor +his was a very happy family. Nearly every morning the father worked +hard in his garden behind the house, and every afternoon in a queer +little old room he called his studio. Here he painted beautiful +pictures of places and people he saw and loved. Almost all of his +pictures are of the country and of people who worked, because he knew +most about them and because he loved them best. + +Sometimes he finished his work in the garden very early, and then he +was glad, for he liked better to paint than to do anything else in the +world. + +One day when he looked out through the window of his studio he saw a +much prettier picture than the one he was painting. He saw three of his +children sitting in a row on the doorstep, while the mother fed broth to +each of them in turn from a wooden spoon. As they crowded close together +they reminded him of some little birds he had been watching that +morning. You know how little birds open their bills and crowd toward the +edge of the nest when the mother bird feeds them? Millet thought he +would paint this picture, and name it "Feeding Her Birds." + +See how the mother tips forward on the stool as she bends toward the +three children. That is a wooden spoon she holds in her hand, and it +is full of hot broth from the bowl in her lap. The children seem to +be very hungry. No doubt they have been playing hard all the morning. + +It is easy to see with what the little girl at the left-hand side of +the picture has been playing. She holds her wooden doll very close, +and loves it just as much as if it were china and had real hair as +your own doll has. She is the eldest of the children, and you can see +she is unselfish because she sits patiently by while her baby brother +and little sister get the first taste of the delicious broth. + +The boy and the younger girl must have been playing with the basket +and cart you see in the picture, for the basket is overturned as if it +had been dropped in a hurry when the mother came to the door with the +broth. Now the playthings are quite forgotten. + +The boy opens his mouth wide as he leans forward for the first taste, +while the little sister puts her arm around him to hold him steady. As +she watches him, she opens her mouth, too. + +See the hen running toward them! She thinks there will surely be +something for her to eat, too. + +The three children wear long aprons all alike, and the queer wooden +shoes that the peasants always wore in those days. What a clatter +those wooden shoes must have made even when the children played in +the yard! And what a noise they made on the wooden floors in the house +unless the children walked very carefully! + +The girls wear bonnets tied with string, while the boy has a cap that +looks very much like a tam-o'-shanter, except that it, too, is tied +under his chin. The mother wears a handkerchief on her head and +another round her neck. Her dress looks thick and warm, and so do the +children's dresses. It must be a cool day, for even the doll is +wrapped in a shawl. + +The man behind the house is working busily in the garden. Millet must +have thought of himself when he painted this man, for, like the father +bird, he must work hard to get enough food for his family. Sometimes +there was very little, and the bread had to be divided into such tiny +pieces that the children were still hungry when they had eaten their +share. + +We know it must be about noon because the shadows in the picture are +so short. What a nice big yard these children had to play in, and what +good times they must have had playing all kinds of games! They had +lived in the city of Paris several years and for that reason, no +doubt, they liked to play "keeping store" best of all. They gathered +acorns, stones, and flowers, and placed them on a big wooden box for +a counter. Then they took turns being storekeeper. + +Perhaps to-day it had been the boy's turn, and he had stood behind the +counter ready to sell his goods. The younger girl had come first, +carrying a basket. Probably they called the stones oranges or apples, +and, judging by the overturned basket, the little girl must have bought +at least a dozen. Next had come the little mother, with her doll baby +riding in the cart. This cart is hardly large enough for the doll and so +it had to be guided very carefully to keep dolly from falling out. + +When the mother called, the elder of the two girls had caught up her +doll quickly, leaving the cart behind; the younger sister had tossed +her basket of oranges away in glee, while the boy forgot all about his +store at the thought of the hot broth they were to have. + +The high doorway of this little one-story, whitewashed house of +plaster and stones is just wide enough for the three children to sit +one beside the other. That great vine growing up beside the door is +probably an ivy vine, for we are told that the little white cottage is +still standing and is completely covered with ivy. + +Everything you see in the picture is home-made,--the clothes, the +doll, the spoon, the cart, the basket, and even the milking stool +upon which the mother is seated. + +Sitting there in the bright sunlight, these round-faced, happy little +children will soon finish their broth; then they will be ready to +begin the "store-keeping" game again. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= In what country +did these children live? In what kind of house did they live? What +grew up beside the door? What did their father do for a living? What +was his name? Where did he paint his pictures? What kind of pictures +did he like best to paint? why? How did he happen to paint this +picture? Why did he call the picture "Feeding Her Birds"? Upon what is +the mother sitting? What kind of a spoon has she in her hand? What is +in it, and in the bowl in her lap? What makes you think the children +are hungry? Which one is fed first? Which one will probably wait until +the last? why? How are the children dressed? What kind of shoes have +they? How many of you have ever seen wooden shoes? How is the mother +dressed? What makes you think it must be a cool day? What do the +shadows tell us of the time of day? What game did these children like +to play? What did they have to play with? Who made their toys and +clothes? What did they do when their mother called them? What makes +you think they were happy children? + + +=To the Teacher:= After the story is told, the children should be +allowed to act out the picture. Stools or kindergarten chairs placed +in the schoolroom doorway, and a spoon, a doll, a cart, and a basket, +which the children will gladly bring from home, are all the +accessories needed. It is well to let the pupils act out the game +which the children are supposed to have been playing when the mother +called them, as well as the story in the picture itself. + + +=The story of the artist.= Shall we tell you something about the man, +Millet, who painted this picture? + +Jean Franois Millet was the son of poor French peasants. His father was +a good man, very fond of music and of all beautiful things out of doors. +Sometimes he would say to his son, "Look at that tree, how large and +beautiful it is; as beautiful as a flower!" He would call his son's +attention to the fields, the sunsets, and all things around him. + +Millet's mother worked in the fields with his father all day long. So +it was his grandmother who rocked him to sleep and cared for him while +he was very little. She was the one who named him Jean after his +father, and Franois after the good St. Francis. She was a religious +woman, and almost the only pictures Millet saw when he was a boy were +those in his grandmother's Bible. He copied them many times, drawing +them with white chalk on the stone wall. This pleased the grandmother +very much, and she encouraged him all she could. + +When he was eighteen years old Millet drew his first great picture. This +is how it happened. As he was coming home from church he met an old man +with bent back leaning on a cane as he walked slowly along. Something +about the bent figure made Millet want to draw a picture of him. So, +taking some charcoal from his pocket, he drew the picture on a stone +wall. The people passing by knew at once who it was; they were pleased +and told Millet so. His father, too, was delighted, for he himself had +once wished to be an artist. He decided that his son should become what +he had wished to be; so he sent him to a good teacher. + +Millet worked very hard, but for a long time his pictures did not +sell, and he was very poor. After a while people saw what wonderful +pictures he could paint, and they were glad to let him know how much +they thought of him and of his beautiful paintings. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What kind of a +man was his father? What did he tell his son about the trees? What did +Millet's mother do? Who took care of Millet while his parents worked +in the fields? What kind of pictures did Millet have to look at? What +did he draw first? Where did he draw? Who helped him? Tell about the +old man leaning on a cane. On what did Millet draw his picture? Who +saw it? What did they say? What did his father say? What did he wish +his son to be? What did Millet do then? What do people think of his +pictures now? How many of you like this picture? + + + + +CHILDREN OF CHARLES I + + =Original Picture:= Turin (t[=u]r[)i]n) Gallery, Turin, Italy. + =Artist:= Sir Anthony Van Dyck (v[)a]n d[=i]k). + =Birthplace:= Antwerp, Belgium. + =Dates:= Born, 1599; died, 1641. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What are these three little children +doing? Who are they? Did you ever have your picture taken? Where did +you go to have it taken? Where do you think these children are? Why +did they not go to a photographer as we do? Who, do you suppose, +brought them to the studio? How are they dressed? How long do you +suppose these children had to stand to have their picture painted? How +did the photographer tell you to stand? What is the baby holding in +his hands? What do you see on the rug in front of the little girl? Why +do you suppose the dog sits so quietly near Prince Charles? Which +child should you like best to play with? Who painted this picture? Do +you like it? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= Once there lived a very beautiful queen +and a very proud king. They had three beautiful children, whom they +loved very dearly. They were very proud of these children, and gave +them everything they could to make them happy. + +The child standing so straight with his hand on the dog's head is a +boy, although he is dressed much like a girl. His name is Prince +Charles. He had the finest little pony and cart you ever did see. His +sister, Mary, the little girl standing beside him, had a very +beautiful doll that could do so many wonderful things that it really +seemed to be alive. The baby, Prince James, had such a great number of +toys they almost filled a large room. There were several servants who +brought out the toys and put them away again, and who had nothing else +to do but wait upon these children. The children had a fine large yard +to play in, too. It was so large that people called it a park. The +king had his gardener build a seat up in one of the big oak trees, and +there the children could play all kinds of games. + +It was great fun to climb up into this seat, where they were just as +high up as the birds. On windy days the big tree would rock back and +forth just like a swing. One day they were having a good time in the +park when they were told their mother wanted them. They were to be +dressed to go and have their pictures painted. + +There were no cameras in those days, so there was no photograph +gallery to go to. But instead, there was a great artist whose name was +Sir Anthony Van Dyck. He painted beautiful pictures with oil paints. +Prince Charles had already had his picture painted so many times he +probably would not have cared to go if it had not been for the boat +ride he knew he would have. You see, the king's palace and Sir Anthony +Van Dyck's house both stood near the banks of the same river. Sir +Anthony had a private boat landing made just for the king and queen +and their children. The king liked so much to watch Sir Anthony Van +Dyck paint that he used to visit him nearly every day. He had several +fine boats to take him there. + +It must have taken a long time before the children were dressed and +ready to go. "Baby Stuart," as people loved to call little Prince James, +wore blue silk, trimmed with lace. His brother wore rose-colored silk, +with a large lace collar and cuffs. I don't see how he could run or even +walk in such a long, heavy dress; do you? It looks as if it were his +very best dress. Probably he had a shorter one to play in. + +How strange it seems that both the boys wear bonnets tied under their +chins, while the little girl does not. Perhaps they did not want to +spoil her pretty curls. Princess Mary's dress is white satin, trimmed +with lace. She looks like a grown-up lady in that dress. People said +she looked just like her lovely queen mother. No doubt her mother +curled her hair and put the string of pearl beads around her neck. +Probably the queen mother also gave Baby Stuart the big red apple he +holds in his hands. He was only two years old, and she thought he +might get hungry or need something to play with. + +[Illustration: _Children of Charles I_] + +When at last they were all ready, the boats were waiting for them. +Several ladies went with the queen, so it was quite a party. It was a +beautiful ride down the river to Sir Anthony Van Dyck's house. When +at last the boats came to the landing place, very likely Prince +Charles was the first to jump on shore. + +The great Sir Anthony Van Dyck himself came out to meet them. He was +glad to have three such lovely children to paint. He was very fond of +children and then, too, he always liked to have a great many people +about him. When the party entered his studio,--the room where Van Dyck +painted,--they found many people already there. The ladies wore +beautiful dresses and the men, too, were dressed in velvets and silks, +and carried shining swords. Sir Anthony Van Dyck had a very large, +fine dog, and as soon as the dog saw the children he came right up to +them. He seemed to like Prince Charles best, and sat beside him all +the time his picture was being painted. He liked to feel the soft +stroke of Prince Charles's kind hand. + +Baby Stuart stands upon a raised platform and his head is almost as +high as his sister's. He looks a little shy as he stands there, +holding his apple tight in his chubby little hands. His sister Mary +must have held some roses in her hand and dropped them. Can you see +them on the rug, in front of her? If Baby Stuart should drop his +apple, perhaps the dog would bring it to him. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck was very fond of music, and always had some +musicians playing while he painted. The children liked the music, too, +and it made them forget they were standing still so long. The ladies +and gentlemen talked together in another part of the room, but this +did not disturb the artist. He was so absorbed in his work that he did +not hear them, and no one would have thought of interrupting him. + +The children stood still almost half an hour that day before the artist +said, "That will do"; and they came several times before Sir Anthony Van +Dyck could finish painting their faces. Then he told their mother to +send him the three little dresses the children were wearing, and he +would paint them without the children. You may be sure the children were +glad they did not need to stand while the dresses were being painted. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck painted a curtain just back of the children, and +through the window we see a rosebush which may be the one from which +the little Princess Mary picked her roses. The great artist painted +many pictures of these three children, but the king and queen liked +this one best of all. + +A long time after this picture was painted the father, King Charles I, +was beheaded by some of his people who did not like him. Prince +Charles grew up to be King Charles II. He did not like to do anything +but have a good time, so people called him the "Merry Monarch." He +nearly always took a dog with him wherever he went, even to church. He +seemed to like a certain very small dog best, and people named these +dogs after him. They called them "King Charles spaniels." Have you +ever seen a King Charles spaniel? + +When Princess Mary was only ten years old she was married to the +Prince of Orange, who was then only fifteen years of age. But she +lived in her own home until she grew up. When at last she did go to +live in her husband's country every one was glad to see her, for she +was such a good and wise princess. She often helped her brothers, too, +for it seemed as if they were always in trouble. + +Baby Stuart grew up to be a great naval officer, who fought and won +battles on a big boat at sea. When his brother, King Charles II, died, +he became King James II. + +When you look at this picture of Baby Stuart you feel sure he will +grow up to be a good king. But, do you know, he was not a good king. +The people did not like him at all, and even drove him out of the +country. But we like to think of him always as a pretty baby whose +queen mother used to sing him to sleep just as other mothers do. + +These three children liked to play and have a good time just as much +as we do. It would be great fun to visit them and play with them, +would it not? + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Whose children +are these? Where did they live? Where did they play? Which one is +Prince Charles? Tell about him. When he grew up what did he become? +What kind of a king was he? What kind of dogs were named after him? +why? How is he dressed in this picture? Whose dog is he petting? Who +stands next to him? What color is Princess Mary's dress? Whom did she +look like? Why do you suppose she does not wear a cap or bonnet like +her brothers? How is her hair combed? How old was she when she married +the Prince of Orange? What kind of a princess was she? Whom did she +help? Upon what is Baby Stuart standing? What color is his dress? When +he grew up, what did he become? What kind of a king was he? How old +was he when this picture was painted? Where was it painted? Who +brought the children to the studio? How did they bring them? Who met +them at the landing? What kind of a place was this studio? How long +did the children stand? What helped to keep them from getting tired? +After Sir Anthony Van Dyck had painted their faces, what did he say +about their dresses? What did the king and queen think about this +picture? What do you think about it? + + +=To the Teacher:= Allow the children to act out the story. They will +enjoy representing the children at play in the park, getting dressed +for their picture, and finally posing for it. Wrapping paper or even +common newspapers may be used to make the stiff, long skirts and the +caps. A make-believe boat is satisfactory. A kindergarten stool will +do for the platform on which Baby Stuart is standing. + + +=The story of the artist.= Sir Anthony Van Dyck's father kept a silk +store and sold beautiful silks to rich people. He met so many fine +folks that he tried to be like them himself, and soon had as fine +manners as the best of them. This made him just a little bit too +proud, so that he no longer cared to have anything to do with any one +who was common or poor. + +The boy Anthony grew up with something of the same feeling. When he +was very little he did not like to play with other boys, but preferred +to sit in his father's shop where the great ladies came to buy silk. +He liked to have them smile at him, and to smile shyly back at them. + +Anthony's mother made the most exquisite embroidery and painted +beautiful flowers. She gave the little boy his first lessons in +painting. By the time Anthony was old enough to go to school his +parents had become very rich, and nothing was too good for their +little boy. He liked to draw better than anything else, and so when he +was fourteen years old they sent him to a good teacher to learn how to +draw and paint. Here he worked very hard. He did so well that in two +years, when he wanted to study with the great Dutch artist, Rubens, +the artist was glad to have him as his pupil. + +There were a good many boys in the class. One day their teacher, +Rubens, went out for a long walk. He always locked the door of his +private studio and no one else had a key, except a servant. The boys +wanted so much to see what was in that room that they finally +persuaded the servant to let them in. Once inside the studio, they +crowded close around the new picture Rubens was painting, and one of +the boys was pushed against it. His coat sleeve rubbed off the chin +and arm of the Virgin the artist was painting. The boys were terribly +frightened, and did not know what to do. Finally they decided that the +chin and arm must be painted in again. All said that Anthony could do +it better than any of the rest. + +So well did he paint that even Rubens did not know anything had +happened. When he did find out about it he was so pleased to know +that his pupil could paint so well he did not scold the boys at all. +After that he often let Anthony help him paint his pictures. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck went on many long journeys to see the work of +other artists. He had eleven brothers and sisters, for whom he was +always doing helpful things. He admired beautiful silks, satins, +velvets, and lace, and liked best to paint people wearing fine +clothes. He did it so well, too, that all the people of King Charles's +court wanted him to paint their portraits. He could always make them +good looking, for even if they had very ugly faces, he painted such +beautiful clothes on them that they made lovely pictures. + +He must have loved children, for all his paintings of them look as if +he did. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Tell about his +mother and father. What did Sir Anthony Van Dyck like to do when he +was a little boy? Who taught him to draw? With what great artist did +he study when he was older? What happened to one of Rubens's pictures? +Who painted it over again? Why did Rubens not scold him? What did Sir +Anthony Van Dyck like to paint best? What makes you think he must have +loved children? + + + + +FOUR LITTLE SCAMPS ARE WE + + =Artist:= Julius Adam ([)a]d[)a]m). + =Birthplace:= Unknown. + =Dates:= Unknown. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= How many of you like little kittens? +How many have a kitty at home? What are these little kittens doing? +Where do you think they are? What makes you think they are all well +fed and cared for? What is the color of their fur? How many of them +look happy? How many have a ribbon around the neck? What do you +suppose these little kittens have been doing? Which one would you +choose for your pet? why? Do you think this is a good picture of +kittens? Why do you think so? Why do you suppose it is called "Four +Little Scamps Are We"? + + +=The story of the picture.= Once there was a man named Mr. Adam, who +had four little kittens just like these. He liked to watch them play, +and they loved him because he was so kind to them. He must have found +it very hard to make them keep still long enough for him to paint +their pictures. Probably he put them in a large glass cage with wire +over the top, as so many painters of cats have done. The wire was +placed over the top so the kittens could have plenty of air. Sometimes +Mr. Adam would drop a ball or string down through the wire into the +cage and play with the kittens. The sides of the cage were made of +glass so that he could watch them while he painted, no matter in what +part of the cage they might be. + +Perhaps these four little kittens have just had a fine romp through +the house. What do you suppose they had for breakfast? Probably a +saucer full of milk, which is just what little kittens like best. + +Mr. Adam has finally succeeded in chasing his four roguish little +kittens into the cage. They do not mind staying in the cage to please +him, for they like to have him talk to them and play with them. They +try to look their very best for him, and wonder which one he will take +up first. Sometimes he must like to take them up in his arms and pet +them. Which one would you like to take in your arms? + +These four pretty kittens must be very happy, for they look as if they +were well cared for. That first little kitten at the left-hand side of +the picture seems happy. We suspect she is purring. That is the way she +lets us know she is happy, just as children sing when they are happy. I +am sure she would like to lie in your lap and let you pet her. She +holds her head a little to one side, and her bright eyes seem to say, +"I may be little, but I'm spry. Just roll a marble toward me, and see." + +[Illustration: _Four Little Scamps Are We_] + +How very wise the second little kitten looks! Perhaps she is proud of +her white collar and cuffs. I am sure she keeps them nice and clean. +Such a baby she is, to be so thoughtful! But she likes to play, too, +no doubt. What do you suppose she is thinking about? Maybe she is +thinking of a nice, soft red ball in a basket in the sewing room, and +after her picture is painted perhaps she means to get that ball and +surprise the other kittens. Then they will all roll over and over on +the floor with it. Or maybe the mamma cat has told her she will show +her how to catch a mouse. She will need to keep very quiet then, or +the mouse will hear and run away. + +The third little kitty is almost all white. She looks as if she saw a +bird. We hope she is not such a naughty kitty as to try to catch our +pretty birds. I am sure Mr. Adam will not want her to do that, and +will teach her better. But, do you know, I believe it is a fly she +sees, and I hope she will catch that. She surely does look as if she +were planning some mischief as she crouches there ready for anything. + +The last little kitten seems to say, "Oh, look at my pretty ribbon! I +am the only one of us that wears a ribbon! Is it not fine?" No wonder +he holds his head so high! His fur is striped, and he looks like a +little tiger kitten. + +With such bright eyes and such sharp ears it is no wonder cats hear +and see the little mice that go about so quietly. Do you know why a +cat has whiskers? They say that the whiskers are always as wide as the +widest part of the cat's body, so that when she wants to go through a +hole in the fence, or through any narrow place, she can tell whether +the opening is large enough. If her whiskers just touch, she can go +through all right; but if they are pushed back, then it is of no use +for her to try, for there will not be room enough to pass. + +Have you ever noticed the color of little kittens' eyes? They are +nearly always blue when the kittens are very little, but turn yellow +as they grow older. Their eyes are very different from ours, for they +can see in the dark as well as in the daytime. + +What soft little cushions they have on their feet! No wonder they can +go about so quietly. When they like you, they keep their claws hidden +in those cushions, and so they do not scratch when they play with you. + +Did you ever watch a cat sharpen her claws? She usually sharpens them +on the trunk of a tree, but sometimes she likes to sharpen them on the +carpet or rug. Your mamma does not like that. Even little kittens have +very sharp teeth and claws, and if you tease them, or they are afraid, +they bite and scratch. These little kittens look as if they had never +been teased or felt cross, and we would not be a bit afraid to pet them. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Where do you +suppose Mr. Adam put these kittens when he wanted to paint them? Why +put them in a glass cage? Why have wire over the top? Why do the +kittens like to stay in the cage? Which of the kittens has a ribbon +around the neck? How does he seem to feel? What does the next kitten +seem to be about to do? What color is she? What is the next little +kitten doing? How does a kitten tell us that she is happy? Why does a +cat have whiskers? How do a cat's eyes differ from ours? What have +cats on their feet that help them to walk quietly? Of what use are +their claws? What does a cat do when she is angry? How does she +sharpen her claws? What does she do with them if she likes you? + + +=To the Teacher:= Allow the children to talk freely of their kittens +at home. Have them draw a kitten with charcoal on manila paper. Even +if the results are not much in themselves, their powers of observation +will be quickened, as is always shown when the same drawing is +attempted a few days later. + + +=The story of the artist.= We know that Mr. Adam must have been very +fond of cats, because he has painted so many pictures of them; but +that is all we really do know of him. One authority gives the first +letter of his name as S., the dates of his birth and death as 1801 and +1867, and his birthplace, Italy. Another authority gives the same +dates but the initial letter J. and the birthplace, France. The +paintings are signed T. or J. Adam, but no record has been kept of the +artist's life. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Why do you +think he must have liked cats? + + + + +MADONNA OF THE CHAIR + + =Original Picture:= Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy. + =Artist:= Raphael Sanzio (r䴴f[+a] [)e]l snzy[=o]). + =Birthplace:= Urbino, Italy. + =Dates:= Born, 1483; died, 1520. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= Whom do you see in this picture? Who +is sitting in the chair? Who leans against the mother's knee? What is +he holding under his arm? At whom is he looking? Why do you think he +loves the baby? How many have a baby brother at home? What has the +mother on her head? Around her shoulders? What makes you think the +baby is not sitting very still? Who painted this picture? + + +=The story of the picture.= A long time ago a good old man whose name +was Bernardo lived all alone in a little house in the woods. If people +were lost in the woods, or tired, or hungry, they always came to him +and he would help them. It was his work to take care of the trees and +see that only the oldest and largest were cut down. But there was one +large oak near his house he never would let the men cut. Its branches +kept his house cool in summer with their shade, and in the winter they +sheltered it from the bitter cold winds. Bernardo, living all alone +and with no one to talk to, used to talk to the tree. And the big oak +would nod its branches as if it understood every word. + +All the trees belonged to a man who used the wood to make barrels. He +made hundreds and hundreds of barrels, and though it took a great many +trees to give him wood enough, he always spared the oak tree. +Sometimes when this man came out to see about his trees his little +daughter Mary came with him. And so Bernardo and little Mary became +great friends. In fact, the old man said he had only two friends, the +oak to whom he talked and little Mary who talked to him. + +One day there was a dreadful storm and Bernardo's little house shook +so in the wind that he was afraid to stay in it. He looked at the oak +tree, and it seemed to motion to him and tell him to come into its +branches, where he would be safe. So he put some bread in his pocket, +for he knew the storm would last a long time, and climbed up into the +tree. It was a good thing he did so, too, for very soon his house was +blown down. Hundreds of birds also hid among the branches of the big +tree during the storm, which lasted three days. + +The old man wished he had brought more bread to eat, for the ground +was covered with water so deep he did not dare leave the tree. Just as +he began to think he would starve, Mary and her father came in search +of him and took him to their home. Little Mary had been thinking of +him all the time, and just as soon as they could they had come for +him. So you see his two friends, Mary and the oak, had saved his life, +and Bernardo loved them more than ever. He prayed that in some way his +two good friends might always be remembered together. + +[Illustration: _Madonna of the Chair_] + +Many years after, Bernardo died. By that time the oak was so old it +seemed as if it would fall over and break the other trees near it, or +maybe hurt somebody. So it was cut down, and Mary's father had it made +into fine new barrels. By this time the little Mary had grown up, was +married, and had two fine boys of her own. She was sitting out on the +nice big porch of her home one day, holding the baby in her arms, when +the older boy came running to her to show her a stick which one of the +workmen had carved into a cross. And who should happen to be passing +the house at that very moment but the great artist, Raphael. + +When he looked up and saw the lovely mother and her children, he +thought he had never seen anything so beautiful. He was on his way +home after a long walk, and did not even have his paints with him. But +he saw the empty barrels in the yard, and choosing one with a nice +smooth head, he drew on it, with a piece of charcoal, a picture of +Mary and her children. He took the drawing home with him and painted +this great picture. So the old man's wish came true, for this barrel +end made from the old oak tree, with the picture of Mary and her +children upon it, has become famous over all the world. + +Such a round-faced, healthy, happy-looking baby, held tight in the +loving clasp of his mother's strong arms! Perhaps he is getting tired +of sitting so long for his picture, and wants to go down and see what +the artist is doing. His chubby little arms and feet make us think he +is not sitting very still. His lovely mother bends her head toward +him. Her head is covered with a handkerchief, and there is such a +beautiful shawl around her shoulders. The older boy looks with love +and adoration at his sweet baby brother, who is looking toward us. +What a beautiful old carved chair they must have been sitting in! + +The mother's face was so good and kind, and she looked so lovely there +on the porch with her children, that she reminded Raphael of that +other mother, Mary, the mother of the baby Jesus. The elder brother +looked like the little St. John adoring Jesus. So Raphael painted a +halo around their heads and called the picture the "Madonna of the +Chair." This halo is a ring of light which artists often paint around +the heads of angels and saints. Raphael wanted to make us think loving +and tender thoughts about the baby Jesus, Mary, and St. John. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Who was +Bernardo? Where did he live? What did he do? Why did he not cut down +the oak tree near his house? To whom did he talk? How did the oak +tree seem to answer him? Who was Mary? Tell about the storm. How long +did it last? Who came in search of Bernardo? Why did he pray that his +two friends might be remembered together? What became of the oak tree? +of Mary? Who painted her picture? Where was she? On what did the +artist paint the picture? why? Why is the picture round? How did this +make Bernardo's wish come true? Of whom did Mary and her children make +the artist think? Why did he paint the halo around their heads? What +is a halo? Why is the picture called the "Madonna of the Chair"? Of +whom did the artist want to make us think? + + +=To the Teacher:= Have the children retell the story of the picture. + + +=The story of the artist.= Raphael's father was a painter, and +belonged to a family of painters. Perhaps there never was a more +fortunate little boy born to more loving parents. And perhaps that, +too, is the reason he grew up with such pleasant ways and such a sweet +nature that every one who knew him loved him. It made people happy +just to be with him. + +Raphael's father taught him how to mix paints, and showed him how to +wash and care for his brushes. He gave him his first lessons in +drawing and painting. Raphael's mother died when he was only eight +years old, but he had a stepmother who was very good to him indeed, +and helped him all she could. A few years later his father died, and +so it was through the help of a generous uncle that he was sent to the +studio of the great artist, Perugino, to study. The artist-teacher was +very fond and very proud of Raphael, whose work soon became even +better than his own. + +Raphael was never jealous or unkind toward others who did things +better than he could do them. And he made those who could not do so +well as he feel kindly toward him and be glad of his success. He did +all he could to help poor artists, and was never too busy to see them. +Whenever he went to court to see the king and queen he was just like a +prince in a fairy story. About fifty of these poorer artists and +friends always went with him to show everybody how much they loved and +admired him. It was just like a parade. + +One day the Pope--Pope Julius--sent for him and told him that he +wanted him to paint some good pictures on the walls of four of the +rooms in his palace, the Vatican. On these walls pictures had been +painted which the Pope did not like, and he thought Raphael would know +just what to do to make his palace the most beautiful in the world. +Raphael worked very hard, for he wanted to please the Pope. Many of +the pictures had to be painted on the ceilings, and he had to lie flat +on his back on a large board placed across two ladders. You may be +sure he grew very tired. + +Some days he took long walks in the country. It was when returning +from one of these long walks that he painted the "Madonna of the +Chair." He painted over forty Madonnas. This Madonna is seated in a +chair, and that is why it is called the "Madonna of the Chair," or +"_Madonna della Sedia_." Most of his paintings are of stories told in +the Bible. He painted over two hundred eighty-seven pictures. The +artist's last name was Sanzio, but people have always called him by +his first name, Raphael. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What kind of a +boy was he? Why did people like him? Who taught him to draw and paint? +Who else helped him? What happened when he went to see the king and +queen? What did the Pope ask him to do? How did he paint the ceiling? +Where did he like to walk? How did he happen to paint this picture? +What kind of pictures did he usually paint? How many Madonnas did he +paint? How many pictures all together? + + + + +MISS BOWLES + + =Artist:= Sir Joshua Reynolds (r[)e]n[)u]ldz). + =Birthplace:= Plympton, Devonshire, England. + =Dates:= Born, 1723; died, 1792. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What is the little girl in this +picture doing? Why does she keep such fast hold of the little dog? +Where do you think they are? Do you think she looks happy or +frightened? why? What has she in her hair? How is she dressed? What +makes you think you would like to play with her? What do you think +they have been doing? Where have they been playing? Do you like this +picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= How pleased little Miss Bowles must have +been when her mamma and papa told her she was to go to the studio of +the great Sir Joshua Reynolds to have her picture painted! She must +have clapped her hands, for, as every one knew, Sir Joshua Reynolds +was the most delightful man in the world. He not only loved children +but he always played with them and kept a great many wonderful toys in +his studio just for them. Then, too, he had invited her and her mamma +and papa to have lunch with him before she sat for her picture. + +Sir Joshua had told her mamma to dress the little girl in the simplest +white dress she had, so she could play, and because he did not like +fine clothes. + +It was a lovely drive from her home to the studio, and the two fine +horses held their heads up and stepped very high as if they, too, were +glad they were going to Sir Joshua's house. Just as Miss Bowles +stepped out of the carriage the cutest little black and white dog came +racing down the walk to greet her. Little Miss Bowles was not a bit +afraid. How could she be, when the little black and white dog came +right up to her and stood wagging his tail? When she had petted him, +perhaps he ran to bring a stick for her to throw, so he could find it +and bring it back to her, just as your dog does. Sir Joshua heard her +laughing and the dog barking as he came out to welcome them. + +Almost at once, luncheon was announced and they all went in to the big +dining room. Sir Joshua Reynolds sat next to little Miss Bowles and +told her all about the little dog, whose name, perhaps, was Spot. A +lady whose picture he had painted had given the dog to him, and she +had taught Spot several very clever tricks which Miss Bowles should +see right after luncheon. + +Sir Joshua loved to surprise his little friends. When they were not +looking he would take their handkerchiefs from them, or suddenly put +some strange toy in their laps. He loved to see their look of surprise +and delight. + +[Illustration: _Miss Bowles_] + +After luncheon came a good romp in the yard. Perhaps the little dog +would bite Miss Bowles's shoes and try to keep her from running. How +she must have laughed! + +When she went back into the house Spot went in with her. Little Miss +Bowles is so afraid the artist is going to send her pet away that she +holds him fast in her arms, and looks at Sir Joshua Reynolds as much +as to say, "Now you can't send him away, can you?" Her eyes fairly +sparkle with glee as she squeezes the little dog much too hard for his +comfort. He knows that she holds him so fast because she wants to keep +him, and he is glad to be with her, but oh! if she just would not +squeeze quite so hard! + +Show me how little Miss Bowles is sitting. I suppose she is afraid to +look away even for a second for fear Sir Joshua will play some trick +on her and get the little dog away. Sir Joshua painted so very fast +that I don't suppose she knew just when he drew her picture, although +he probably asked her to sit still when he was ready to paint. But she +must have gone to his house several times before the picture was +finished. Her father and mother were very much pleased with the +picture, and said it looked just like their little girl. + +Sir Joshua Reynolds loved the woods and nature so much that he nearly +always painted them in his pictures. So in the background of this +picture we catch a glimpse of the woods in the yard where the child +and dog have been playing, and where they have just stopped a moment +to rest. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Where was this +picture painted? Why was little Miss Bowles so glad to go? How did she +go? What came to meet her? What color was the dog? How did he act? Who +gave the dog to the artist? How did Sir Joshua Reynolds know little +Miss Bowles had come? How did he tease her? What did they do after +luncheon? Why did she hold the dog so fast? What can you see behind +the little girl? + + +=To the Teacher:= Let the children illustrate the story of little Miss +Bowles playing with her dog in the park. Use charcoal, or colored +crayon, on manila paper. + + +=The story of the artist.= Sir Joshua Reynolds's father was a teacher +in a private school, and to this school Joshua was sent as soon as he +was old enough to study. Even when a very little boy Joshua liked to +draw. He liked it so well that it was hard for him to study in school. +He always saw so many things he wanted to draw that he could not wait +until after school, but drew them on the back of his lesson papers. +One day he drew all over his number paper, and when he handed it in +his father could not read the numbers on account of the drawing. His +father was disappointed because his son's paper did not look so neat +as the other boys', and so he wrote at the top of the sheet, "Done by +Joshua out of pure idleness." + +Joshua had five brothers and sisters who liked to draw just as well as +he did, and who could all draw very much better than he could. It took +so much paper and so many pencils for all his children, that finally +the father told them they might draw on the walls of one of the halls. +The walls had been whitewashed and the children used burnt sticks for +pencils. + +At first the older brothers and sisters used to help little Joshua by +guiding his hand, but he soon learned to draw as well as they. His +first drawings had been so funny that they laughed at him, but now +they praised him instead. When he was only eight years old he drew a +picture that every one praised very much. It was a picture of the +schoolhouse. When his father saw it he was so pleased that he said, +"This is wonderful!" + +In the little town where Joshua lived the people had church on +Sundays, of course, and sometimes during the week. One day, Joshua +went to church. At first he sat very still, but the sermon was a long +one, and finally he grew so tired that he could not listen another +minute. He thought he would like to draw a picture of the minister, +but he had nothing to draw it on. Then he remembered that he had a +pencil in his pocket, and he could draw a picture of the minister on +his thumb nail; and that is just what he did. + +The church was near the river, and after church Joshua went down to +the river bank. Finding a piece of an old sail, he carried it to a +boathouse. Here, from the picture on his thumb nail, he drew on the +piece of sail the portrait of the minister. Then he painted it, using +the common paint that is used in painting boats. Joshua was only +eleven years old, and had finished his first oil painting. His father +had wanted him to be a doctor, but after seeing this picture he +decided to let Joshua have his own way and be a painter. He sent him +to a good teacher, and lived to see his son a great artist. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Where did he +go to school? Who taught him? What did he like to do best? On what did +he draw? Why was his father disappointed when he saw his number paper? +Where were the children allowed to draw? With what did they draw? What +did he draw that pleased his father very much? Tell about the picture +of the minister. + + + + +TWO MOTHERS AND THEIR FAMILIES + + =Artist:= Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau (b[=oo]g[~e]r[=o]). + =Birthplace:= Exeter, New Hampshire. + =Dates:= Born, 1842. Still living, 1918. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? In +what room do you think they are? Why do you suppose the picture is +called "Two Mothers and Their Families"? How many little chickens are +there? What time of the year do you think it is? time of day? What is +the little boy doing? How many of you like this picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= This little boy is having a good time +feeding the fluffy little chickens. He has scattered some grain on the +floor and the old hen and eight of her chicks are eating as fast as +they can. + +Two of the old hen's chicks must have wandered away, so that at first +they did not hear the mother hen's cluck. Now see how they flutter +their wings as they hurry back toward the others! + +[Illustration: _Two Mothers and Their Families_] + +The old mother hen takes such good care of her little chickens! When it +is very cold she will spread out her wings until all the little ones are +covered. She keeps them warm and snug. If it rains, and she cannot get +them under shelter, she will protect them with her wings in the pouring +rain, much as she dislikes it. Every day she must scratch for bugs and +worms for them and teach them how to scratch for their own living. + +She watches carefully to see that nothing harms them. Sometimes big +birds, called chicken hawks, fly over the yard ready to swoop down and +carry little chickens away in their claws. Then there are other things +to be feared, such as weasels and rats; even cats and dogs might harm +her little ones. Is it any wonder the mother hen is anxious, and apt +to be cross when we go near her little chicks? It is best to be +careful, then, for if she thinks you mean to hurt them she will fly at +you and hurt you with her sharp bill. + +When the artist, Mrs. Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau, visited this home +and saw the mother and her child watching this old hen and her +chickens, it is no wonder she wanted to paint them. She wanted to make +us feel the love of the mother hen for her little ones as well as that +of the other mother for her children. + +The child is delighted, as, safe in his mother's arms, he looks around +to see if she is watching, too. There is a little baby sister in the +cradle, and that is the reason he keeps very quiet and does not speak. +No doubt the mother has rocked the baby to sleep. You can see how the +baby is fastened in the cradle so she cannot fall out. That +odd-looking top over part of the cradle is placed there to keep the +light from the baby's eyes. Just now it is moved a little to one side, +and we can see part of the baby's face. + +This home probably belongs to a French peasant who goes to his work +very early in the morning, or he would be with his family now. + +It must be a very hot day in summer, for both mother and child are +barefooted and they are dressed for warm weather. + +See the pots and pans hanging on the wall under the shelf, and the old +kettle hanging over the large open fireplace! The room must be +kitchen, bedroom, and dining room all in one; perhaps they have only +this one room. There is a basket on the stand, and most likely it is +filled with vegetables brought in from the garden for dinner. + +What a happy, healthy little boy this is, with his hair in little +ringlets all over his head! His half-closed hand makes us think he +still has some corn left to scatter on the floor for the chickens. + +It seems very strange to see chickens running about in the house. If +the mother and child were not dressed so as to keep themselves cool we +should think they had let them in because it was too cold for them +outside. + +The mother looks as proud of her small son as the mother hen is of her +young family. What a pleasant face she has! The old hen does not feel +anxious when she is near, for she knows this other mother is kind and +will care for her and her fluffy little chicks. The boy, too, seems to +be very careful, and the hen is glad to have the grain scattered by +his kind little hand. + +There is so much bright light in the picture that we are sure there is +an open door near by, though we cannot see it in the picture. It was +through this open doorway that the mother hen and her chicks strayed +into the house. Probably the artist sat in the doorway as she painted. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= What is the +little boy doing? What makes you think he has just scattered corn for +the chickens? How many chickens have found the grain? What are the +other two chickens doing? How does the mother hen care for her +chickens? What do you see standing beside the mother and child? Who is +sleeping in the cradle? What are the straps for? the shade? Why do you +think it must have been a hot day? What hangs under the shelf? What do +you see on the shelf? What is on the stand? Why is the old hen not +afraid of the mother and child? In what way are the two mothers alike? +From which direction does the light seem to come? + + +=The story of the artist.= We know very little about the artist, Mrs. +Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau, except that she is an American who has +spent most of her life in France. She studied in Paris for many years +and was a pupil of the great artist Bouguereau, whom she married. Her +pictures have been exhibited many times in this country and abroad. +Among her best-known works, besides the "Two Mothers and Their +Families," are "Cinderella," "Fortune Teller," "Maud Muller," +"Cornelia and Her Jewels," and "Corinne." She has also painted a +number of portraits. Many of her pictures are of children. She is +still living in Paris, France. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Where was the +artist born? Where did she study and whom did she marry? Where do you +think she must have been sitting when she painted the picture? Name +two of her best-known pictures. + + + + +CAN'T YOU TALK? + + =Artist:= G. A. Holmes (h[=o]mz). + =Birthplace:= England. + =Dates:= Unknown. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? Where +are they? Why is the stone floor not too cold for the baby? What time +of day do you think it is? why? What do you suppose the baby has been +doing? What makes you think the big dog loves the baby? What is the +little kitten doing? What do you see on the stone bench? Do you like +the picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= It must have been a warm summer day when +this little baby slipped out of her bed, crept across the room to the +door, and out on the cool stone porch. + +It may have been a Monday morning, when the baby's mamma was very busy +in the kitchen, washing the clothes. Probably she put the baby to bed +for the usual morning nap, and did not hear her wake up. + +It must be about noon, for the shadows are short in the picture. The +mother is probably out in the yard, taking her clean clothes off the +line, so of course she could not hear the baby creep out through the +open door to the porch. There the baby found the great dog keeping +watch. How wise he looks! He knows the baby's mamma would be worried +if she knew what her little one is doing, and his kind eyes seem to +say, "Never mind, I'll take care of her." + +[Illustration: _"Can't You Talk?"_] + +Perhaps the baby asks him, "Where's my mamma?" He looks as if he +wanted to answer or say something, and she cannot understand why he +does not, so she crawls up to him and says, "Can't you talk?" But the +big dog can only wag his tail and watch the baby. If she should crawl +too far away, we feel sure he would try to persuade her to come back, +or if he could not do that, he would bark and let the mother know +something was wrong. + +What chubby little hands and feet the baby has! You can almost see the +dimples in her cheeks. She is a friendly, happy little child, I'm +sure, and you can see that her pets love her. There is the little +kitten rubbing up against the door as if waiting to see if the dog +will answer baby's question. Kitty seems to be afraid to come out on +the porch, although the dog does not look as if he would hurt her. +Sometimes little babies with such chubby hands squeeze their pets too +hard, and maybe this little kitten, although she loves the baby, does +not want to come too near. + +There is a stone bench at one side of the porch. It looks as if some +one had left a market basket, a cabbage, and a bag on it. Perhaps in +the basket are potatoes from the garden. + +What a busy life this baby has with so many things to do and so much +to learn! She tries so hard to understand. I suppose she thinks, "Good +old dog, you seem to know so much more than I do. How does it happen +that I can talk and you cannot?" + +The mother will be coming in soon, and how surprised she will be to +find her baby up and out on the porch, with the big dog taking such +good care of her! + +This good old dog does so much to help them! All night long he guards +the house, not allowing any one even to stop on the walk in front of +the house, without his warning bark. In the daytime, if the people +wish to go away, they may be sure the faithful dog will allow no one +to enter the house while they are gone. No harm can come to these good +people while he is there to help them. You can tell by looking at him +that he is well fed and well cared for. That fluffy little kitten, +too, just ready to dart back into the house and scamper across the +floor, looks happy and contented. Evidently the people who live in +this house with its wide stone porch are good and kind. Should you not +like to visit them? + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= How did the baby +get out on the porch? Why does she not walk? Where has she been? What +time of day is it? Where do you suppose her mother is? What did the +baby find on the porch? What does she ask the dog? How can he answer? +How does he take care of her? What makes you think her pets love her? +Why does the little kitten stay inside? What is on the stone bench? +Should you like to visit the people who live in this house? why? + + +=To the Teacher:= Encourage the children to talk about their pets at +home, and to draw pictures of them. + + +=The story of the artist.= Although Mr. Holmes has painted many very +popular pictures of children and their pets, we can find very little +information about his life except that he was an Englishman. However, +he cannot be forgotten so long as his pictures live to tell us of his +little friends and their faithful pets. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What do his +pictures tell us about the artist? In what country was he born? + + + + +THE SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS + + +=Studying the picture.= Several days before the lesson is to be taken +up, the picture to be studied should be placed where every pupil can +see it. + +First of all, the children should find out for themselves what is in +the picture. The questions accompanying the story of each picture are +intended to help them to do this. + + +=Language work.= The pupils should be encouraged in class to talk +freely and naturally. In this way the lesson becomes a language +exercise in which the pupils will gain in freedom of expression and in +the ability to form clear mental images. + +If a lesson does not occupy the entire drawing period, the children +should be asked to retell the story of the picture. + + +=Dramatization and drawing.= Most of the stories told by the pictures +lend themselves readily to dramatization and, whenever practicable, +such stories should be acted out. The stories also offer numerous +interesting situations that may be used as subjects for drawing lessons. + + +=The review lesson.= The review lesson should cover all pictures and +artists studied throughout the year. At this time other pictures +available by the same artists should be on exhibition. + +The review work may be conducted as a contest in which the pictures +are held up, one at a time, while the class writes the name of the +picture and the artist on slips of paper which have been prepared and +numbered for that purpose. One teacher who used this device surprised +her class by presenting those whose lists were correct with their +choice of any of the large-sized Perry pictures studied. + +Many teachers, however, will prefer to use this time for composition +work, although the description of pictures is often given as an +English lesson. Pupils may write a description of their favorite +picture. In fact, the lessons can be made to correlate with history, +geography, English, spelling, reading, or nature study. + +In any event the real purpose of the work is that the pupils shall +become so familiar with the pictures that they will recognize them as +old friends whenever and wherever they may see them. + +It is hoped that acquaintance with the picture and the interest +awakened by its story will grow into a fuller appreciation and +understanding of the artist's work. Thus the children will have many +happy hours and will learn to love the good, the true, and the +beautiful in everything about them. + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: + + +* Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original + (=bold=). + +* Some words have accents of different weights. The heavier accent is + marked double (''). (Example: bo'nur'') + +* Pg 1 Pronunciation guide for (zhN frNsw䴴 m[=e]l[)e]) + presents a Latin letter small capital "N", a voiced uvular nasal. + +* Pg 27 Raphael Sanzio (r䴴f[+a] [)e]l snzy[=o]) contains the + "+" symbol representing an "up tack" not represented in any charts. + +* Pg 42 Bouguereau (b[=oo]g[~e]r[=o]) contains [=oo] representing a + "long oo" sound not represented in any charts.] + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Stories Pictures Tell, by Flora Carpenter + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES PICTURES TELL *** + +***** This file should be named 32471-8.txt or 32471-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/4/7/32471/ + +Produced by Larry B. 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Carpenter. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + + .signature { + text-align: right; + margin-right: 5%; +} + +hr { + margin: 3em auto 3em auto; + height: 0px; + border-width: 1px 0 0 0; + border-style: solid; + border-color: #dcdcdc; + width: 500px; + clear: both; +} + +hr.hr2 { + width: 250px; + margin: 3em auto 3em auto; +} + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.toc { + margin: auto; + width: 50%; +} + +td.c1 { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; + padding-right: 1em; +} + +td.c2 { + text-align: left; + margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 2em; + text-indent: -2em; + padding-right: 1em; + vertical-align: top; +} + +td.c3 { + text-align: right; + padding-left: 1em; + vertical-align: bottom; +} + +td { padding: 0em 1em; } +th { padding: 0em 1em; } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + color: #999; +} /* page numbers */ + + .linenum { + position: absolute; + top: auto; + left: 4%; +} /* poetry number */ + + .blockquot { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + .center {text-align: center;} + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + +/* Images */ + .figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + + .bord img { + padding: 1px; + border: 1px solid black; +} + +p.caption { + margin-top: 0; + font-size: 70%; + text-align: left; +} + +p.caption2 { + margin-top: 0; + font-size: 70%; + text-align: center; +} + +/* Poetry */ +.poem { + margin-left:10%; + margin-right:10%; + text-align: left; +} + +/* Transcriber Notes */ +div.tn { + background-color:#EEE; + border:dashed 1px; + color:#000; + margin-left:20em; + margin-right:20em; + margin-top:5em; + margin-bottom:5em; + padding:1em; +} + +ul.corrections { + list-style-type:circle; +} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Stories Pictures Tell, by Flora Carpenter + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Stories Pictures Tell + Book One + +Author: Flora Carpenter + +Release Date: May 21, 2010 [EBook #32471] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES PICTURES TELL *** + + + + +Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<a name="f003a-illus" id="f003a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/f003a-illus.jpg" width="500" height="83" alt="Title decoration" title=""/> +</div> + +<h1>STORIES<br /> +PICTURES TELL</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<h2>BOOK ONE</h2> + +<p> </p> + +<h4><i>By</i></h4> +<h3>FLORA L. CARPENTER</h3> +<h5><i>Instructor in drawing in Waite High School, Toledo, Ohio</i></h5> + +<p> </p> + +<h4><i>Illustrated with Half Tones from<br /> +Original Photographs</i></h4> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>RAND McNALLY & COMPANY</h3> +<h4>CHICAGO NEW YORK</h4> + +<hr /> + +<h4><i>Copyright, 1918</i><br /> +<span class="smcap">By Rand McNally & Co.</span></h4> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 75px;"> +<a name="f004a-illus" id="f004a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/f004a-illus.jpg" width="75" height="70" alt="Publisher's symbol" title=""/> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE CONTENTS</h2> + +<table class="toc" summary="Contents"> +<tr><td class="c1 smcap"><small>September and October</small></td><td> </td> + <td class="c3"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1"> "Feeding Her Birds"</td><td class="c2"><i>Millet</i></td> + <td class="c3"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1"> "Children of Charles I"</td><td class="c2"><i>Van Dyck</i></td> + <td class="c3"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1 smcap" colspan="3"><small>November, December, and January</small></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1"> "Four Little Scamps Are We"</td> + <td class="c2"><i>Adam</i></td><td class="c3"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1"> "Madonna of the Chair"</td><td class="c2"><i>Raphael</i></td> + <td class="c3"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1 smcap" colspan="3"><small>February and March</small></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1"> "Miss Bowles"</td><td class="c2"><i>Reynolds</i></td> + <td class="c3"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1"> "Two Mothers and Their<br /> + Families"</td> + <td class="c2"><i>Elizabeth Bouguereau</i></td><td class="c3"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1 smcap" colspan="3"><small>April, May, and June</small></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1"> "Can't You Talk?"</td><td class="c2"><i>Holmes</i></td> + <td class="c3"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1" colspan="3"> Review of Pictures and Artists Studied</td></tr> +<tr><td class="c1"><i>The Suggestions to Teachers</i></td><td> </td> + <td class="c3"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td></tr> +</table> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE PREFACE</h2> + +<p>Art supervisors in the public schools assign picture-study +work in each grade, recommending the study of certain pictures +by well-known masters. As Supervisor of Drawing I found +that the children enjoyed this work but that the teachers felt +incompetent to conduct the lessons as they lacked time to +look up the subject and to gather adequate material. Recourse +to a great many books was necessary and often while +much information could usually be found about the artist, +very little was available about his pictures.</p> + +<p>Hence I began collecting information about the pictures +and preparing the lessons for the teachers just as I would +give them myself to pupils of their grade.</p> + +<p>My plan does not include many pictures during the year, +as this is to be only a part of the art work and is not intended +to take the place of drawing.</p> + +<p>The lessons in this grade are planned for the usual drawing +period of from twenty to thirty minutes, and have been given +in that time successfully.</p> + +<div class="signature"><span class="smcap">Flora L. Carpenter</span></div> + +<hr /> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 500px;"> +<a name="f008a-illus" id="f008a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/f008a-illus.jpg" width="500" height="628" alt="Birds being fed" title=""/> +<p class="caption2">FEEDING HER BIRDS</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> +<h1>STORIES<br /> +PICTURES TELL</h1> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<h2>FEEDING HER BIRDS</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><b>Original Picture:</b> Lille Museum, Lille, France.</p> +<p><b>Artist:</b> Jean Franois Millet <a name="zhan" id="zhan"></a> + (zh<span class="smcap">N</span> fr<span class="smcap">N</span>sw䴴 mēlĕ).</p> +<p><b>Birthplace:</b> Gruchy, France.</p> +<p><b>Dates:</b> Born, 1814; died, 1875.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Questions to arouse interest.</b> What do +you see in this picture? What are the children +doing? Where do they live? On what are +they sitting? Whom can you see behind the +house? What is he doing? What do you +think the children were doing before their +mother called them? why? What does the hen +expect? What else do you see in the picture? +What time of day do you think it is? Why is +this picture called "Feeding Her Birds"? How +many like it? why?</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the picture.</b> In a tiny white +cottage in a little village in France, lived a +painter with his wife and nine children. This +painter's name was Jean Franois Millet, and +although quite poor his was a very happy +family. Nearly every morning the father + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> +worked hard in his garden behind the house, +and every afternoon in a queer little old room +he called his studio. Here he painted beautiful +pictures of places and people he saw and loved. +Almost all of his pictures are of the country +and of people who worked, because he knew +most about them and because he loved them +best.</p> + +<p>Sometimes he finished his work in the garden +very early, and then he was glad, for he liked +better to paint than to do anything else in the +world.</p> + +<p>One day when he looked out through the +window of his studio he saw a much prettier +picture than the one he was painting. He saw +three of his children sitting in a row on the +doorstep, while the mother fed broth to each of +them in turn from a wooden spoon. As they +crowded close together they reminded him of +some little birds he had been watching that +morning. You know how little birds open their +bills and crowd toward the edge of the nest +when the mother bird feeds them? Millet +thought he would paint this picture, and name +it "Feeding Her Birds."</p> + +<p>See how the mother tips forward on the +stool as she bends toward the three children. +That is a wooden spoon she holds in her hand, +and it is full of hot broth from the bowl in her + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> +lap. The children seem to be very hungry. +No doubt they have been playing hard all the +morning.</p> + +<p>It is easy to see with what the little girl +at the left-hand side of the picture has been +playing. She holds her wooden doll very close, +and loves it just as much as if it were china +and had real hair as your own doll has. She is +the eldest of the children, and you can see she +is unselfish because she sits patiently by while +her baby brother and little sister get the first +taste of the delicious broth.</p> + +<p>The boy and the younger girl must have +been playing with the basket and cart you see +in the picture, for the basket is overturned as +if it had been dropped in a hurry when the +mother came to the door with the broth. Now +the playthings are quite forgotten.</p> + +<p>The boy opens his mouth wide as he leans +forward for the first taste, while the little sister +puts her arm around him to hold him steady. +As she watches him, she opens her mouth, too.</p> + +<p>See the hen running toward them! She +thinks there will surely be something for her to +eat, too.</p> + +<p>The three children wear long aprons all +alike, and the queer wooden shoes that the +peasants always wore in those days. What a +clatter those wooden shoes must have made + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> +even when the children played in the yard! +And what a noise they made on the wooden +floors in the house unless the children walked +very carefully!</p> + +<p>The girls wear bonnets tied with string, +while the boy has a cap that looks very much +like a tam-o'-shanter, except that it, too, is tied +under his chin. The mother wears a handkerchief +on her head and another round her neck. +Her dress looks thick and warm, and so do the +children's dresses. It must be a cool day, for +even the doll is wrapped in a shawl.</p> + +<p>The man behind the house is working busily +in the garden. Millet must have thought of +himself when he painted this man, for, like the +father bird, he must work hard to get enough +food for his family. Sometimes there was very +little, and the bread had to be divided into such +tiny pieces that the children were still hungry +when they had eaten their share.</p> + +<p>We know it must be about noon because the +shadows in the picture are so short. What a +nice big yard these children had to play in, and +what good times they must have had playing +all kinds of games! They had lived in the city +of Paris several years and for that reason, no +doubt, they liked to play "keeping store" best +of all. They gathered acorns, stones, and +flowers, and placed them on a big wooden box + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> +for a counter. Then they took turns being +storekeeper.</p> + +<p>Perhaps to-day it had been the boy's turn, +and he had stood behind the counter ready to +sell his goods. The younger girl had come first, +carrying a basket. Probably they called the +stones oranges or apples, and, judging by the +overturned basket, the little girl must have +bought at least a dozen. Next had come the +little mother, with her doll baby riding in the +cart. This cart is hardly large enough for the +doll and so it had to be guided very carefully +to keep dolly from falling out.</p> + +<p>When the mother called, the elder of the +two girls had caught up her doll quickly, leaving +the cart behind; the younger sister had +tossed her basket of oranges away in glee, while +the boy forgot all about his store at the thought +of the hot broth they were to have.</p> + +<p>The high doorway of this little one-story, +whitewashed house of plaster and stones is +just wide enough for the three children to sit +one beside the other. That great vine growing +up beside the door is probably an ivy vine, for +we are told that the little white cottage is still +standing and is completely covered with ivy.</p> + +<p>Everything you see in the picture is home-made,—the +clothes, the doll, the spoon, the + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> +cart, the basket, and even the milking stool +upon which the mother is seated.</p> + +<p>Sitting there in the bright sunlight, these +round-faced, happy little children will soon +finish their broth; then they will be ready to +begin the "store-keeping" game again.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions to help the pupil understand the +picture.</b> In what country did these children +live? In what kind of house did they live? +What grew up beside the door? What did their +father do for a living? What was his name? +Where did he paint his pictures? What kind +of pictures did he like best to paint? why? +How did he happen to paint this picture? +Why did he call the picture "Feeding Her +Birds"? Upon what is the mother sitting? +What kind of a spoon has she in her hand? +What is in it, and in the bowl in her lap? What +makes you think the children are hungry? +Which one is fed first? Which one will probably +wait until the last? why? How are the children +dressed? What kind of shoes have they? +How many of you have ever seen wooden +shoes? How is the mother dressed? What +makes you think it must be a cool day? What +do the shadows tell us of the time of day? +What game did these children like to play? +What did they have to play with? Who made +their toys and clothes? What did they do +when their mother called them? What makes +you think they were happy children?</p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> + <b>To the Teacher:</b> After the story is told, +the children should be allowed to act out the +picture. Stools or kindergarten chairs placed +in the schoolroom doorway, and a spoon, a doll, +a cart, and a basket, which the children will +gladly bring from home, are all the accessories +needed. It is well to let the pupils act out the +game which the children are supposed to have +been playing when the mother called them, as +well as the story in the picture itself.</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the artist.</b> Shall we tell you +something about the man, Millet, who painted +this picture?</p> + +<p>Jean Franois Millet was the son of poor +French peasants. His father was a good man, +very fond of music and of all beautiful things +out of doors. Sometimes he would say to his +son, "Look at that tree, how large and beautiful +it is; as beautiful as a flower!" He would call +his son's attention to the fields, the sunsets, and +all things around him.</p> + +<p>Millet's mother worked in the fields with his +father all day long. So it was his grandmother +who rocked him to sleep and cared for him +while he was very little. She was the one who +named him Jean after his father, and Franois +after the good St. Francis. She was a religious +woman, and almost the only pictures Millet saw +when he was a boy were those in his grandmother's +Bible. He copied them many times, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> +drawing them with white chalk on the stone +wall. This pleased the grandmother very much, +and she encouraged him all she could.</p> + +<p>When he was eighteen years old Millet drew +his first great picture. This is how it happened. +As he was coming home from church he met an +old man with bent back leaning on a cane as he +walked slowly along. Something about the bent +figure made Millet want to draw a picture of +him. So, taking some charcoal from his pocket, +he drew the picture on a stone wall. The people +passing by knew at once who it was; they were +pleased and told Millet so. His father, too, was +delighted, for he himself had once wished to be +an artist. He decided that his son should become +what he had wished to be; so he sent him +to a good teacher.</p> + +<p>Millet worked very hard, but for a long time +his pictures did not sell, and he was very poor. +After a while people saw what wonderful pictures +he could paint, and they were glad to let him +know how much they thought of him and of his +beautiful paintings.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions about the artist.</b> Who painted +this picture? What kind of a man was his +father? What did he tell his son about the +trees? What did Millet's mother do? Who +took care of Millet while his parents worked +in the fields? What kind of pictures did Millet + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> +have to look at? What did he draw first? +Where did he draw? Who helped him? Tell +about the old man leaning on a cane. On what +did Millet draw his picture? Who saw it? +What did they say? What did his father say? +What did he wish his son to be? What did +Millet do then? What do people think of his +pictures now? How many of you like this +picture?</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHILDREN OF CHARLES I</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><b>Original Picture:</b> Turin (tūrĭn) Gallery, Turin, Italy.</p> +<p><b>Artist:</b> Sir Anthony Van Dyck (văn dīk).</p> +<p><b>Birthplace:</b> Antwerp, Belgium.</p> +<p><b>Dates:</b> Born, 1599; died, 1641.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Questions to arouse interest.</b> What are +these three little children doing? Who are +they? Did you ever have your picture taken? +Where did you go to have it taken? Where +do you think these children are? Why did they +not go to a photographer as we do? Who, do +you suppose, brought them to the studio? How +are they dressed? How long do you suppose +these children had to stand to have their picture +painted? How did the photographer tell you +to stand? What is the baby holding in his +hands? What do you see on the rug in front +of the little girl? Why do you suppose the dog +sits so quietly near Prince Charles? Which +child should you like best to play with? Who +painted this picture? Do you like it? why?</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the picture.</b> Once there lived +a very beautiful queen and a very proud king. +They had three beautiful children, whom they +loved very dearly. They were very proud of +these children, and gave them everything they +could to make them happy.</p> + +<p>The child standing so straight with his hand + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> +on the dog's head is a boy, although he is dressed +much like a girl. His name is Prince Charles. +He had the finest little pony and cart you ever +did see. His sister, Mary, the little girl standing +beside him, had a very beautiful doll that could +do so many wonderful things that it really seemed +to be alive. The baby, Prince James, had such +a great number of toys they almost filled a large +room. There were several servants who brought +out the toys and put them away again, and who +had nothing else to do but wait upon these +children. The children had a fine large yard to +play in, too. It was so large that people called +it a park. The king had his gardener build a +seat up in one of the big oak trees, and there +the children could play all kinds of games.</p> + +<p>It was great fun to climb up into this seat, +where they were just as high up as the birds. +On windy days the big tree would rock back +and forth just like a swing. One day they were +having a good time in the park when they were +told their mother wanted them. They were to +be dressed to go and have their pictures painted.</p> + +<p>There were no cameras in those days, so +there was no photograph gallery to go to. But +instead, there was a great artist whose name +was Sir Anthony Van Dyck. He painted beautiful +pictures with oil paints. Prince Charles +had already had his picture painted so many + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> +times he probably would not have cared to +go if it had not been for the boat ride he +knew he would have. You see, the king's +palace and Sir Anthony Van Dyck's house both +stood near the banks of the same river. Sir +Anthony had a private boat landing made just +for the king and queen and their children. The +king liked so much to watch Sir Anthony Van +Dyck paint that he used to visit him nearly +every day. He had several fine boats to take +him there.</p> + +<p>It must have taken a long time before the +children were dressed and ready to go. "Baby +Stuart," as people loved to call little Prince +James, wore blue silk, trimmed with lace. His +brother wore rose-colored silk, with a large lace +collar and cuffs. I don't see how he could run +or even walk in such a long, heavy dress; do +you? It looks as if it were his very best dress. +Probably he had a shorter one to play in.</p> + +<p>How strange it seems that both the boys +wear bonnets tied under their chins, while the +little girl does not. Perhaps they did not want +to spoil her pretty curls. Princess Mary's +dress is white satin, trimmed with lace. She +looks like a grown-up lady in that dress. +People said she looked just like her lovely +queen mother. No doubt her mother curled +her hair and put the string of pearl beads + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> +around her neck. Probably the queen mother +also gave Baby Stuart the big red apple he +holds in his hands. He was only two years old, +and she thought he might get hungry or need +something to play with.</p> + + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 500px;"> +<a name="p013a-illus" id="p013a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/p013a-illus.jpg" width="500" height="509" alt="King's children" title=""/> +<p class="caption2"><i>Children of Charles I</i></p> +</div> + +<p>When at last they were all ready, the boats +were waiting for them. Several ladies went +with the queen, so it was quite a party. It was +a beautiful ride down the river to Sir Anthony + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> +Van Dyck's house. When at last the boats +came to the landing place, very likely Prince +Charles was the first to jump on shore.</p> + +<p>The great Sir Anthony Van Dyck himself +came out to meet them. He was glad to have +three such lovely children to paint. He was +very fond of children and then, too, he always +liked to have a great many people about him. +When the party entered his studio,—the room +where Van Dyck painted,—they found many +people already there. The ladies wore beautiful +dresses and the men, too, were dressed in +velvets and silks, and carried shining swords. +Sir Anthony Van Dyck had a very large, fine +dog, and as soon as the dog saw the children +he came right up to them. He seemed to like +Prince Charles best, and sat beside him all the +time his picture was being painted. He liked +to feel the soft stroke of Prince Charles's kind +hand.</p> + +<p>Baby Stuart stands upon a raised platform +and his head is almost as high as his sister's. +He looks a little shy as he stands there, holding +his apple tight in his chubby little hands. His +sister Mary must have held some roses in her +hand and dropped them. Can you see them on +the rug, in front of her? If Baby Stuart should +drop his apple, perhaps the dog would bring +it to him.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> + Sir Anthony Van Dyck was very fond of +music, and always had some musicians playing +while he painted. The children liked the +music, too, and it made them forget they were +standing still so long. The ladies and gentlemen +talked together in another part of the room, +but this did not disturb the artist. He was so +absorbed in his work that he did not hear them, +and no one would have thought of interrupting +him.</p> + +<p>The children stood still almost half an hour +that day before the artist said, "That will do"; +and they came several times before Sir Anthony +Van Dyck could finish painting their faces. +Then he told their mother to send him the +three little dresses the children were wearing, +and he would paint them without the children. +You may be sure the children were glad they +did not need to stand while the dresses were +being painted.</p> + +<p>Sir Anthony Van Dyck painted a curtain +just back of the children, and through the window +we see a rosebush which may be the one +from which the little Princess Mary picked her +roses. The great artist painted many pictures +of these three children, but the king and queen +liked this one best of all.</p> + +<p>A long time after this picture was painted +the father, King Charles I, was beheaded by + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> +some of his people who did not like him. Prince +Charles grew up to be King Charles II. He did +not like to do anything but have a good time, +so people called him the "Merry Monarch." +He nearly always took a dog with him wherever +he went, even to church. He seemed to like a +certain very small dog best, and people named +these dogs after him. They called them "King +Charles spaniels." Have you ever seen a +King Charles spaniel?</p> + +<p>When Princess Mary was only ten years +old she was married to the Prince of Orange, +who was then only fifteen years of age. But +she lived in her own home until she grew up. +When at last she did go to live in her husband's +country every one was glad to see her, for she +was such a good and wise princess. She often +helped her brothers, too, for it seemed as if +they were always in trouble.</p> + +<p>Baby Stuart grew up to be a great naval +officer, who fought and won battles on a big +boat at sea. When his brother, King Charles II, +died, he became King James II.</p> + +<p>When you look at this picture of Baby Stuart +you feel sure he will grow up to be a good king. +But, do you know, he was not a good king. +The people did not like him at all, and even +drove him out of the country. But we like to +think of him always as a pretty baby whose + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> +queen mother used to sing him to sleep just as +other mothers do.</p> + +<p>These three children liked to play and have +a good time just as much as we do. It would +be great fun to visit them and play with them, +would it not?</p> + + +<p><b>Questions to help the pupil understand the +picture.</b> Whose children are these? Where +did they live? Where did they play? Which +one is Prince Charles? Tell about him. When +he grew up what did he become? What kind +of a king was he? What kind of dogs were +named after him? why? How is he dressed +in this picture? Whose dog is he petting? +Who stands next to him? What color is +Princess Mary's dress? Whom did she look +like? Why do you suppose she does not wear +a cap or bonnet like her brothers? How is her +hair combed? How old was she when she +married the Prince of Orange? What kind of +a princess was she? Whom did she help? +Upon what is Baby Stuart standing? What +color is his dress? When he grew up, what did +he become? What kind of a king was he? +How old was he when this picture was painted? +Where was it painted? Who brought the +children to the studio? How did they bring +them? Who met them at the landing? What +kind of a place was this studio? How long did +the children stand? What helped to keep them +from getting tired? After Sir Anthony Van +Dyck had painted their faces, what did he say + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> +about their dresses? What did the king and +queen think about this picture? What do +you think about it?</p> + + +<p><b>To the Teacher:</b> Allow the children to act +out the story. They will enjoy representing +the children at play in the park, getting dressed +for their picture, and finally posing for it. +Wrapping paper or even common newspapers +may be used to make the stiff, long skirts and +the caps. A make-believe boat is satisfactory. +A kindergarten stool will do for the platform +on which Baby Stuart is standing.</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the artist.</b> Sir Anthony Van +Dyck's father kept a silk store and sold beautiful +silks to rich people. He met so many fine folks +that he tried to be like them himself, and soon +had as fine manners as the best of them. This +made him just a little bit too proud, so that he +no longer cared to have anything to do with +any one who was common or poor.</p> + +<p>The boy Anthony grew up with something of +the same feeling. When he was very little he +did not like to play with other boys, but preferred +to sit in his father's shop where the great +ladies came to buy silk. He liked to have them +smile at him, and to smile shyly back at them.</p> + +<p>Anthony's mother made the most exquisite +embroidery and painted beautiful flowers. She +gave the little boy his first lessons in painting. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +By the time Anthony was old enough to go +to school his parents had become very rich, and +nothing was too good for their little boy. He +liked to draw better than anything else, and +so when he was fourteen years old they sent +him to a good teacher to learn how to draw and +paint. Here he worked very hard. He did +so well that in two years, when he wanted to +study with the great Dutch artist, Rubens, the +artist was glad to have him as his pupil.</p> + +<p>There were a good many boys in the class. +One day their teacher, Rubens, went out for +a long walk. He always locked the door of +his private studio and no one else had a key, +except a servant. The boys wanted so much +to see what was in that room that they finally +persuaded the servant to let them in. Once +inside the studio, they crowded close around the +new picture Rubens was painting, and one of +the boys was pushed against it. His coat +sleeve rubbed off the chin and arm of the +Virgin the artist was painting. The boys were +terribly frightened, and did not know what to +do. Finally they decided that the chin and +arm must be painted in again. All said that +Anthony could do it better than any of the rest.</p> + +<p>So well did he paint that even Rubens did +not know anything had happened. When he +did find out about it he was so pleased to know + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> +that his pupil could paint so well he did not +scold the boys at all. After that he often let +Anthony help him paint his pictures.</p> + +<p>Sir Anthony Van Dyck went on many long +journeys to see the work of other artists. He +had eleven brothers and sisters, for whom he +was always doing helpful things. He admired +beautiful silks, satins, velvets, and lace, and +liked best to paint people wearing fine clothes. +He did it so well, too, that all the people of +King Charles's court wanted him to paint their +portraits. He could always make them good +looking, for even if they had very ugly faces, +he painted such beautiful clothes on them that +they made lovely pictures.</p> + +<p>He must have loved children, for all his +paintings of them look as if he did.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions about the artist.</b> Who painted +this picture? Tell about his mother and father. +What did Sir Anthony Van Dyck like to do +when he was a little boy? Who taught him to +draw? With what great artist did he study +when he was older? What happened to one of +Rubens's pictures? Who painted it over again? +Why did Rubens not scold him? What did Sir +Anthony Van Dyck like to paint best? What +makes you think he must have loved children?</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p> +<h2>FOUR LITTLE SCAMPS<br /> +ARE WE</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><b>Artist:</b> Julius Adam (ădăm).</p> +<p><b>Birthplace:</b> Unknown.</p> +<p><b>Dates:</b> Unknown.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Questions to arouse interest.</b> How many +of you like little kittens? How many have a +kitty at home? What are these little kittens +doing? Where do you think they are? What +makes you think they are all well fed and cared +for? What is the color of their fur? How +many of them look happy? How many have a +ribbon around the neck? What do you suppose +these little kittens have been doing? Which +one would you choose for your pet? why? Do +you think this is a good picture of kittens? +Why do you think so? Why do you suppose it +is called "Four Little Scamps Are We"?</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the picture.</b> Once there was +a man named Mr. Adam, who had four little +kittens just like these. He liked to watch them +play, and they loved him because he was so +kind to them. He must have found it very +hard to make them keep still long enough for +him to paint their pictures. Probably he put +them in a large glass cage with wire over the +top, as so many painters of cats have done. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> +The wire was placed over the top so the kittens +could have plenty of air. Sometimes Mr. Adam +would drop a ball or string down through the +wire into the cage and play with the kittens. +The sides of the cage were made of glass so that +he could watch them while he painted, no matter +in what part of the cage they might be.</p> + +<p>Perhaps these four little kittens have just +had a fine romp through the house. What do +you suppose they had for breakfast? Probably +a saucer full of milk, which is just what little +kittens like best.</p> + +<p>Mr. Adam has finally succeeded in chasing +his four roguish little kittens into the cage. +They do not mind staying in the cage to please +him, for they like to have him talk to them and +play with them. They try to look their very +best for him, and wonder which one he will +take up first. Sometimes he must like to take +them up in his arms and pet them. Which one +would you like to take in your arms?</p> + +<p>These four pretty kittens must be very +happy, for they look as if they were well cared +for. That first little kitten at the left-hand +side of the picture seems happy. We suspect +she is purring. That is the way she lets us +know she is happy, just as children sing when +they are happy. I am sure she would like to +lie in your lap and let you pet her. She holds + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> +her head a little to one side, and her bright eyes +seem to say, "I may be little, but I'm spry. +Just roll a marble toward me, and see."</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 500px;"> +<a name="p023a-illus" id="p023a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/p023a-illus.jpg" width="500" height="366" alt="Kittens" title=""/> +<p class="caption2"><i>Four Little Scamps Are We</i></p> +</div> + +<p>How very wise the second little kitten looks! +Perhaps she is proud of her white collar and +cuffs. I am sure she keeps them nice and clean. +Such a baby she is, to be so thoughtful! But +she likes to play, too, no doubt. What do you +suppose she is thinking about? Maybe she is +thinking of a nice, soft red ball in a basket in +the sewing room, and after her picture is painted +perhaps she means to get that ball and surprise +the other kittens. Then they will all roll over +and over on the floor with it. Or maybe the + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> +mamma cat has told her she will show her how +to catch a mouse. She will need to keep very +quiet then, or the mouse will hear and run away.</p> + +<p>The third little kitty is almost all white. +She looks as if she saw a bird. We hope she +is not such a naughty kitty as to try to catch +our pretty birds. I am sure Mr. Adam will not +want her to do that, and will teach her better. +But, do you know, I believe it is a fly she sees, +and I hope she will catch that. She surely +does look as if she were planning some mischief +as she crouches there ready for anything.</p> + +<p>The last little kitten seems to say, "Oh, look +at my pretty ribbon! I am the only one of us +that wears a ribbon! Is it not fine?" No +wonder he holds his head so high! His fur is +striped, and he looks like a little tiger kitten.</p> + +<p>With such bright eyes and such sharp ears +it is no wonder cats hear and see the little mice +that go about so quietly. Do you know why a +cat has whiskers? They say that the whiskers +are always as wide as the widest part of the +cat's body, so that when she wants to go through +a hole in the fence, or through any narrow place, +she can tell whether the opening is large enough. +If her whiskers just touch, she can go through +all right; but if they are pushed back, then it +is of no use for her to try, for there will not be +room enough to pass.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> + Have you ever noticed the color of little +kittens' eyes? They are nearly always blue +when the kittens are very little, but turn yellow +as they grow older. Their eyes are very different +from ours, for they can see in the dark +as well as in the daytime.</p> + +<p>What soft little cushions they have on their +feet! No wonder they can go about so quietly. +When they like you, they keep their claws hidden +in those cushions, and so they do not scratch +when they play with you.</p> + +<p>Did you ever watch a cat sharpen her claws? +She usually sharpens them on the trunk of a +tree, but sometimes she likes to sharpen them +on the carpet or rug. Your mamma does not +like that. Even little kittens have very sharp +teeth and claws, and if you tease them, or they +are afraid, they bite and scratch. These little +kittens look as if they had never been teased or +felt cross, and we would not be a bit afraid to +pet them.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions to help the pupil understand the +picture.</b> Where do you suppose Mr. Adam put +these kittens when he wanted to paint them? +Why put them in a glass cage? Why have wire +over the top? Why do the kittens like to stay +in the cage? Which of the kittens has a ribbon +around the neck? How does he seem to feel? +What does the next kitten seem to be about +to do? What color is she? What is the next + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> +little kitten doing? How does a kitten tell +us that she is happy? Why does a cat have +whiskers? How do a cat's eyes differ from ours? +What have cats on their feet that help them to +walk quietly? Of what use are their claws? +What does a cat do when she is angry? How +does she sharpen her claws? What does she +do with them if she likes you?</p> + + +<p><b>To the Teacher:</b> Allow the children to talk +freely of their kittens at home. Have them +draw a kitten with charcoal on manila paper. +Even if the results are not much in themselves, +their powers of observation will be quickened, +as is always shown when the same drawing is +attempted a few days later.</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the artist.</b> We know that Mr. +Adam must have been very fond of cats, +because he has painted so many pictures of +them; but that is all we really do know of him. +One authority gives the first letter of his name +as S., the dates of his birth and death as 1801 +and 1867, and his birthplace, Italy. Another +authority gives the same dates but the initial +letter J. and the birthplace, France. The +paintings are signed T. or J. Adam, but no +record has been kept of the artist's life.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions about the artist.</b> Who painted +this picture? Why do you think he must have +liked cats?</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p> +<h2>MADONNA OF THE CHAIR</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><b>Original Picture:</b> Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy.</p> +<p><b>Artist:</b> Raphael Sanzio <a name="ra" id="ra"></a>(r䴴f[+a] ĕl snzyō).</p> +<p><b>Birthplace:</b> Urbino, Italy.</p> +<p><b>Dates:</b> Born, 1483; died, 1520.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Questions to arouse interest.</b> Whom do you +see in this picture? Who is sitting in the chair? +Who leans against the mother's knee? What +is he holding under his arm? At whom is he +looking? Why do you think he loves the baby? +How many have a baby brother at home? What +has the mother on her head? Around her +shoulders? What makes you think the baby is +not sitting very still? Who painted this picture?</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the picture.</b> A long time ago a +good old man whose name was Bernardo lived +all alone in a little house in the woods. If +people were lost in the woods, or tired, or hungry, +they always came to him and he would +help them. It was his work to take care of the +trees and see that only the oldest and largest +were cut down. But there was one large oak +near his house he never would let the men cut. +Its branches kept his house cool in summer with +their shade, and in the winter they sheltered +it from the bitter cold winds. Bernardo, living +all alone and with no one to talk to, used to + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> +talk to the tree. And the big oak would nod +its branches as if it understood every word.</p> + +<p>All the trees belonged to a man who used +the wood to make barrels. He made hundreds +and hundreds of barrels, and though it took a +great many trees to give him wood enough, he +always spared the oak tree. Sometimes when +this man came out to see about his trees his +little daughter Mary came with him. And so +Bernardo and little Mary became great friends. +In fact, the old man said he had only two +friends, the oak to whom he talked and little +Mary who talked to him.</p> + +<p>One day there was a dreadful storm and +Bernardo's little house shook so in the wind that +he was afraid to stay in it. He looked at the +oak tree, and it seemed to motion to him and +tell him to come into its branches, where he +would be safe. So he put some bread in his +pocket, for he knew the storm would last a +long time, and climbed up into the tree. It +was a good thing he did so, too, for very soon +his house was blown down. Hundreds of +birds also hid among the branches of the big +tree during the storm, which lasted three days.</p> + +<p>The old man wished he had brought more +bread to eat, for the ground was covered with +water so deep he did not dare leave the tree. +Just as he began to think he would starve, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> +Mary and her father came in search of him +and took him to their home. Little Mary had +been thinking of him all the time, and just as +soon as they could they had come for him. So +you see his two friends, Mary and the oak, had +saved his life, and Bernardo loved them more +than ever. He prayed that in some way his +two good friends might always be remembered +together.</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 500px;"> +<a name="p029a-illus" id="p029a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/p029a-illus.jpg" width="500" height="507" alt="Madonna" title=""/> +<p class="caption2"><i>Madonna of the Chair</i></p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> + Many years after, Bernardo died. By that +time the oak was so old it seemed as if it would +fall over and break the other trees near it, or +maybe hurt somebody. So it was cut down, +and Mary's father had it made into fine new +barrels. By this time the little Mary had +grown up, was married, and had two fine boys +of her own. She was sitting out on the nice +big porch of her home one day, holding the baby +in her arms, when the older boy came running +to her to show her a stick which one of the +workmen had carved into a cross. And who +should happen to be passing the house at that +very moment but the great artist, Raphael.</p> + +<p>When he looked up and saw the lovely mother +and her children, he thought he had never seen +anything so beautiful. He was on his way +home after a long walk, and did not even have +his paints with him. But he saw the empty +barrels in the yard, and choosing one with a +nice smooth head, he drew on it, with a piece of +charcoal, a picture of Mary and her children. +He took the drawing home with him and painted +this great picture. So the old man's wish came +true, for this barrel end made from the old oak +tree, with the picture of Mary and her children +upon it, has become famous over all the world.</p> + +<p>Such a round-faced, healthy, happy-looking +baby, held tight in the loving clasp of his + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> +mother's strong arms! Perhaps he is getting +tired of sitting so long for his picture, and wants +to go down and see what the artist is doing. +His chubby little arms and feet make us think +he is not sitting very still. His lovely mother +bends her head toward him. Her head is +covered with a handkerchief, and there is such +a beautiful shawl around her shoulders. The +older boy looks with love and adoration at his +sweet baby brother, who is looking toward us. +What a beautiful old carved chair they must +have been sitting in!</p> + +<p>The mother's face was so good and kind, +and she looked so lovely there on the porch +with her children, that she reminded Raphael +of that other mother, Mary, the mother of the +baby Jesus. The elder brother looked like the +little St. John adoring Jesus. So Raphael +painted a halo around their heads and called +the picture the "Madonna of the Chair." +This halo is a ring of light which artists often +paint around the heads of angels and saints. +Raphael wanted to make us think loving and +tender thoughts about the baby Jesus, Mary, +and St. John.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions to help the pupil understand the +picture.</b> Who was Bernardo? Where did he +live? What did he do? Why did he not cut +down the oak tree near his house? To whom + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> +did he talk? How did the oak tree seem to +answer him? Who was Mary? Tell about the +storm. How long did it last? Who came in +search of Bernardo? Why did he pray that +his two friends might be remembered together? +What became of the oak tree? of Mary? +Who painted her picture? Where was she? +On what did the artist paint the picture? why? +Why is the picture round? How did this make +Bernardo's wish come true? Of whom did +Mary and her children make the artist think? +Why did he paint the halo around their heads? +What is a halo? Why is the picture called +the "Madonna of the Chair"? Of whom did +the artist want to make us think?</p> + + +<p><b>To the Teacher:</b> Have the children retell +the story of the picture.</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the artist.</b> Raphael's father +was a painter, and belonged to a family of +painters. Perhaps there never was a more fortunate +little boy born to more loving parents. +And perhaps that, too, is the reason he grew up +with such pleasant ways and such a sweet nature +that every one who knew him loved him. It +made people happy just to be with him.</p> + +<p>Raphael's father taught him how to mix +paints, and showed him how to wash and care +for his brushes. He gave him his first lessons +in drawing and painting. Raphael's mother +died when he was only eight years old, but he + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> +had a stepmother who was very good to him +indeed, and helped him all she could. A few +years later his father died, and so it was through +the help of a generous uncle that he was sent +to the studio of the great artist, Perugino, to +study. The artist-teacher was very fond and +very proud of Raphael, whose work soon became +even better than his own.</p> + +<p>Raphael was never jealous or unkind toward +others who did things better than he could do +them. And he made those who could not do +so well as he feel kindly toward him and be +glad of his success. He did all he could to +help poor artists, and was never too busy to see +them. Whenever he went to court to see the +king and queen he was just like a prince in a +fairy story. About fifty of these poorer artists +and friends always went with him to show +everybody how much they loved and admired +him. It was just like a parade.</p> + +<p>One day the Pope—Pope Julius—sent +for him and told him that he wanted him to +paint some good pictures on the walls of four +of the rooms in his palace, the Vatican. On +these walls pictures had been painted which the +Pope did not like, and he thought Raphael +would know just what to do to make his palace +the most beautiful in the world. Raphael +worked very hard, for he wanted to please the + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> +Pope. Many of the pictures had to be painted +on the ceilings, and he had to lie flat on his back +on a large board placed across two ladders. +You may be sure he grew very tired.</p> + +<p>Some days he took long walks in the country. +It was when returning from one of these long +walks that he painted the "Madonna of the +Chair." He painted over forty Madonnas. +This Madonna is seated in a chair, and that is +why it is called the "Madonna of the Chair," +or "<i>Madonna della Sedia</i>." Most of his paintings +are of stories told in the Bible. He painted +over two hundred eighty-seven pictures. The +artist's last name was Sanzio, but people have +always called him by his first name, Raphael.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions about the artist.</b> Who painted +this picture? What kind of a boy was he? +Why did people like him? Who taught him to +draw and paint? Who else helped him? What +happened when he went to see the king and +queen? What did the Pope ask him to do? +How did he paint the ceiling? Where did he +like to walk? How did he happen to paint +this picture? What kind of pictures did he +usually paint? How many Madonnas did he +paint? How many pictures all together?</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p> +<h2>MISS BOWLES</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><b>Artist:</b> Sir Joshua Reynolds (rĕnŭldz).</p> +<p><b>Birthplace:</b> Plympton, Devonshire, England.</p> +<p><b>Dates:</b> Born, 1723; died, 1792.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Questions to arouse interest.</b> What is the +little girl in this picture doing? Why does she +keep such fast hold of the little dog? Where +do you think they are? Do you think she looks +happy or frightened? why? What has she in +her hair? How is she dressed? What makes +you think you would like to play with her? +What do you think they have been doing? +Where have they been playing? Do you like +this picture? why?</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the picture.</b> How pleased little +Miss Bowles must have been when her mamma +and papa told her she was to go to the studio +of the great Sir Joshua Reynolds to have her +picture painted! She must have clapped her +hands, for, as every one knew, Sir Joshua +Reynolds was the most delightful man in the +world. He not only loved children but he +always played with them and kept a great +many wonderful toys in his studio just for them. +Then, too, he had invited her and her mamma +and papa to have lunch with him before she +sat for her picture.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> + Sir Joshua had told her mamma to dress +the little girl in the simplest white dress she +had, so she could play, and because he did not +like fine clothes.</p> + +<p>It was a lovely drive from her home to the +studio, and the two fine horses held their heads +up and stepped very high as if they, too, were +glad they were going to Sir Joshua's house. +Just as Miss Bowles stepped out of the carriage +the cutest little black and white dog came racing +down the walk to greet her. Little Miss Bowles +was not a bit afraid. How could she be, when +the little black and white dog came right up to +her and stood wagging his tail? When she +had petted him, perhaps he ran to bring a stick +for her to throw, so he could find it and bring +it back to her, just as your dog does. Sir +Joshua heard her laughing and the dog barking +as he came out to welcome them.</p> + +<p>Almost at once, luncheon was announced +and they all went in to the big dining room. +Sir Joshua Reynolds sat next to little Miss +Bowles and told her all about the little dog, +whose name, perhaps, was Spot. A lady whose +picture he had painted had given the dog to +him, and she had taught Spot several very +clever tricks which Miss Bowles should see +right after luncheon.</p> + +<p>Sir Joshua loved to surprise his little friends. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> +When they were not looking he would take their +handkerchiefs from them, or suddenly put some +strange toy in their laps. He loved to see their +look of surprise and delight.</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 500px;"> +<a name="p037a-illus" id="p037a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/p037a-illus.jpg" width="500" height="660" alt="Young girl and a dog" title=""/> +<p class="caption2"> <i>Miss Bowles</i></p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> + After luncheon came a good romp in the +yard. Perhaps the little dog would bite Miss +Bowles's shoes and try to keep her from running. +How she must have laughed!</p> + +<p>When she went back into the house Spot +went in with her. Little Miss Bowles is so +afraid the artist is going to send her pet away +that she holds him fast in her arms, and looks +at Sir Joshua Reynolds as much as to say, +"Now you can't send him away, can you?" +Her eyes fairly sparkle with glee as she squeezes +the little dog much too hard for his comfort. +He knows that she holds him so fast because +she wants to keep him, and he is glad to be with +her, but oh! if she just would not squeeze quite +so hard!</p> + +<p>Show me how little Miss Bowles is sitting. +I suppose she is afraid to look away even for a +second for fear Sir Joshua will play some trick +on her and get the little dog away. Sir Joshua +painted so very fast that I don't suppose she +knew just when he drew her picture, although +he probably asked her to sit still when he was +ready to paint. But she must have gone to his +house several times before the picture was +finished. Her father and mother were very +much pleased with the picture, and said it +looked just like their little girl.</p> + +<p>Sir Joshua Reynolds loved the woods and + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> +nature so much that he nearly always painted +them in his pictures. So in the background of +this picture we catch a glimpse of the woods in +the yard where the child and dog have been +playing, and where they have just stopped a +moment to rest.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions to help the pupil understand the +picture.</b> Where was this picture painted? Why +was little Miss Bowles so glad to go? How did +she go? What came to meet her? What color +was the dog? How did he act? Who gave the +dog to the artist? How did Sir Joshua Reynolds +know little Miss Bowles had come? +How did he tease her? What did they do after +luncheon? Why did she hold the dog so fast? +What can you see behind the little girl?</p> + + +<p><b>To the Teacher:</b> Let the children illustrate +the story of little Miss Bowles playing with her +dog in the park. Use charcoal, or colored +crayon, on manila paper.</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the artist.</b> Sir Joshua Reynolds's +father was a teacher in a private school, and +to this school Joshua was sent as soon as he was +old enough to study. Even when a very little +boy Joshua liked to draw. He liked it so well +that it was hard for him to study in school. +He always saw so many things he wanted to +draw that he could not wait until after school, +but drew them on the back of his lesson papers. +One day he drew all over his number paper, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> +and when he handed it in his father could not +read the numbers on account of the drawing. +His father was disappointed because his son's +paper did not look so neat as the other boys', +and so he wrote at the top of the sheet, "Done +by Joshua out of pure idleness."</p> + +<p>Joshua had five brothers and sisters who +liked to draw just as well as he did, and who +could all draw very much better than he could. +It took so much paper and so many pencils for +all his children, that finally the father told them +they might draw on the walls of one of the halls. +The walls had been whitewashed and the children +used burnt sticks for pencils.</p> + +<p>At first the older brothers and sisters used +to help little Joshua by guiding his hand, but +he soon learned to draw as well as they. His +first drawings had been so funny that they +laughed at him, but now they praised him +instead. When he was only eight years old he +drew a picture that every one praised very +much. It was a picture of the schoolhouse. +When his father saw it he was so pleased that +he said, "This is wonderful!"</p> + +<p>In the little town where Joshua lived the +people had church on Sundays, of course, and +sometimes during the week. One day, Joshua +went to church. At first he sat very still, but +the sermon was a long one, and finally he grew + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> +so tired that he could not listen another minute. +He thought he would like to draw a picture of +the minister, but he had nothing to draw it on. +Then he remembered that he had a pencil in +his pocket, and he could draw a picture of the +minister on his thumb nail; and that is just +what he did.</p> + +<p>The church was near the river, and after +church Joshua went down to the river bank. +Finding a piece of an old sail, he carried it to a +boathouse. Here, from the picture on his +thumb nail, he drew on the piece of sail the +portrait of the minister. Then he painted it, +using the common paint that is used in painting +boats. Joshua was only eleven years old, +and had finished his first oil painting. His +father had wanted him to be a doctor, but after +seeing this picture he decided to let Joshua +have his own way and be a painter. He sent +him to a good teacher, and lived to see his +son a great artist.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions about the artist.</b> Who painted +this picture? Where did he go to school? +Who taught him? What did he like to do +best? On what did he draw? Why was his +father disappointed when he saw his number +paper? Where were the children allowed to +draw? With what did they draw? What did +he draw that pleased his father very much? +Tell about the picture of the minister.</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p> +<h2>TWO MOTHERS AND THEIR<br /> +FAMILIES</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><b>Artist:</b> Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau <a name="boo" id="boo"></a>(b[=oo]gẽrō).</p> +<p><b>Birthplace:</b> Exeter, New Hampshire.</p> +<p><b>Dates:</b> Born, 1842. Still living, 1918.</p> +</div> + + +<p><b>Questions to arouse interest.</b> What do +you see in this picture? In what room do you +think they are? Why do you suppose the picture +is called "Two Mothers and Their Families"? +How many little chickens are there? +What time of the year do you think it is? +time of day? What is the little boy doing? +How many of you like this picture? why?</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the picture.</b> This little boy is +having a good time feeding the fluffy little +chickens. He has scattered some grain on the +floor and the old hen and eight of her chicks are +eating as fast as they can.</p> + +<p>Two of the old hen's chicks must have wandered +away, so that at first they did not hear +the mother hen's cluck. Now see how they +flutter their wings as they hurry back toward +the others!</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 500px;"> +<a name="p043a-illus" id="p043a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/p043a-illus.jpg" width="500" height="687" alt="Moms and babies" title=""/> +<p class="caption2"> <i>Two Mothers and Their Families</i></p> +</div> + +<p>The old mother hen takes such good care +of her little chickens! When it is very cold +she will spread out her wings until all the little +ones are covered. She keeps them warm and + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> +snug. If it rains, and she cannot get them +under shelter, she will protect them with her +wings in the pouring rain, much as she dislikes + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> +it. Every day she must scratch for bugs and +worms for them and teach them how to scratch +for their own living.</p> + +<p>She watches carefully to see that nothing +harms them. Sometimes big birds, called +chicken hawks, fly over the yard ready to +swoop down and carry little chickens away in +their claws. Then there are other things to be +feared, such as weasels and rats; even cats and +dogs might harm her little ones. Is it any +wonder the mother hen is anxious, and apt to +be cross when we go near her little chicks? It +is best to be careful, then, for if she thinks you +mean to hurt them she will fly at you and hurt +you with her sharp bill.</p> + +<p>When the artist, Mrs. Elizabeth Gardner +Bouguereau, visited this home and saw the +mother and her child watching this old hen and +her chickens, it is no wonder she wanted to +paint them. She wanted to make us feel the +love of the mother hen for her little ones as +well as that of the other mother for her children.</p> + +<p>The child is delighted, as, safe in his mother's +arms, he looks around to see if she is watching, +too. There is a little baby sister in the cradle, +and that is the reason he keeps very quiet and +does not speak. No doubt the mother has +rocked the baby to sleep. You can see how the +baby is fastened in the cradle so she cannot fall + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> +out. That odd-looking top over part of the +cradle is placed there to keep the light from +the baby's eyes. Just now it is moved a little +to one side, and we can see part of the baby's +face.</p> + +<p>This home probably belongs to a French +peasant who goes to his work very early in the +morning, or he would be with his family now.</p> + +<p>It must be a very hot day in summer, for +both mother and child are barefooted and they +are dressed for warm weather.</p> + +<p>See the pots and pans hanging on the wall +under the shelf, and the old kettle hanging +over the large open fireplace! The room must +be kitchen, bedroom, and dining room all in +one; perhaps they have only this one room. +There is a basket on the stand, and most likely +it is filled with vegetables brought in from the +garden for dinner.</p> + +<p>What a happy, healthy little boy this is, with +his hair in little ringlets all over his head! His +half-closed hand makes us think he still has +some corn left to scatter on the floor for the +chickens.</p> + +<p>It seems very strange to see chickens running +about in the house. If the mother and child +were not dressed so as to keep themselves cool +we should think they had let them in because +it was too cold for them outside.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> + The mother looks as proud of her small son +as the mother hen is of her young family. +What a pleasant face she has! The old hen +does not feel anxious when she is near, for she +knows this other mother is kind and will care +for her and her fluffy little chicks. The boy, +too, seems to be very careful, and the hen is +glad to have the grain scattered by his kind +little hand.</p> + +<p>There is so much bright light in the picture +that we are sure there is an open door near by, +though we cannot see it in the picture. It was +through this open doorway that the mother hen +and her chicks strayed into the house. Probably +the artist sat in the doorway as she painted.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions to help the pupil understand the +picture.</b> What is the little boy doing? What +makes you think he has just scattered corn for +the chickens? How many chickens have found +the grain? What are the other two chickens +doing? How does the mother hen care for +her chickens? What do you see standing +beside the mother and child? Who is sleeping +in the cradle? What are the straps for? +the shade? Why do you think it must have +been a hot day? What hangs under the shelf? +What do you see on the shelf? What is on +the stand? Why is the old hen not afraid of +the mother and child? In what way are the +two mothers alike? From which direction does +the light seem to come?</p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> + <b>The story of the artist.</b> We know very little +about the artist, Mrs. Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau, +except that she is an American who +has spent most of her life in France. She +studied in Paris for many years and was a pupil +of the great artist Bouguereau, whom she +married. Her pictures have been exhibited +many times in this country and abroad. Among +her best-known works, besides the "Two +Mothers and Their Families," are "Cinderella," +"Fortune Teller," "Maud Muller," "Cornelia +and Her Jewels," and "Corinne." She has +also painted a number of portraits. Many +of her pictures are of children. She is still +living in Paris, France.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions about the artist.</b> Who painted +this picture? Where was the artist born? +Where did she study and whom did she marry? +Where do you think she must have been sitting +when she painted the picture? Name two of +her best-known pictures.</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p> +<h2>CAN'T YOU TALK?</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><b>Artist:</b> G. A. Holmes (hōmz).</p> +<p><b>Birthplace:</b> England.</p> +<p><b>Dates:</b> Unknown.</p> +</div> + + +<p><b>Questions to arouse interest.</b> What do +you see in this picture? Where are they? +Why is the stone floor not too cold for the baby? +What time of day do you think it is? why? +What do you suppose the baby has been doing? +What makes you think the big dog loves the +baby? What is the little kitten doing? What +do you see on the stone bench? Do you like +the picture? why?</p> + + +<p><b>The story of the picture.</b> It must have been +a warm summer day when this little baby +slipped out of her bed, crept across the room +to the door, and out on the cool stone porch.</p> + +<p>It may have been a Monday morning, when +the baby's mamma was very busy in the kitchen, +washing the clothes. Probably she put the +baby to bed for the usual morning nap, and did +not hear her wake up.</p> + +<p>It must be about noon, for the shadows are +short in the picture. The mother is probably +out in the yard, taking her clean clothes off the +line, so of course she could not hear the baby +creep out through the open door to the porch. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> +There the baby found the great dog keeping +watch. How wise he looks! He knows the +baby's mamma would be worried if she knew +what her little one is doing, and his kind eyes +seem to say, "Never mind, I'll take care of +her."</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 500px;"> +<a name="p049a-illus" id="p049a-illus"></a> +<img src="images/p049a-illus.jpg" width="500" height="372" alt="Baby meets the animals" title=""/> +<p class="caption2"> "Can't You Talk?"</p> +</div> + +<p>Perhaps the baby asks him, "Where's my +mamma?" He looks as if he wanted to answer +or say something, and she cannot understand +why he does not, so she crawls up to him and +says, "Can't you talk?" But the big dog can +only wag his tail and watch the baby. If she +should crawl too far away, we feel sure he would +try to persuade her to come back, or if he could + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> +not do that, he would bark and let the mother +know something was wrong.</p> + +<p>What chubby little hands and feet the baby +has! You can almost see the dimples in her +cheeks. She is a friendly, happy little child, +I'm sure, and you can see that her pets love +her. There is the little kitten rubbing up +against the door as if waiting to see if the dog +will answer baby's question. Kitty seems to +be afraid to come out on the porch, although +the dog does not look as if he would hurt her. +Sometimes little babies with such chubby +hands squeeze their pets too hard, and maybe +this little kitten, although she loves the baby, +does not want to come too near.</p> + +<p>There is a stone bench at one side of the +porch. It looks as if some one had left a market +basket, a cabbage, and a bag on it. Perhaps +in the basket are potatoes from the garden.</p> + +<p>What a busy life this baby has with so many +things to do and so much to learn! She tries +so hard to understand. I suppose she thinks, +"Good old dog, you seem to know so much more +than I do. How does it happen that I can talk +and you cannot?"</p> + +<p>The mother will be coming in soon, and +how surprised she will be to find her baby up +and out on the porch, with the big dog taking +such good care of her!</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> + This good old dog does so much to help +them! All night long he guards the house, not +allowing any one even to stop on the walk in +front of the house, without his warning bark. +In the daytime, if the people wish to go away, +they may be sure the faithful dog will allow no +one to enter the house while they are gone. +No harm can come to these good people while +he is there to help them. You can tell by +looking at him that he is well fed and well +cared for. That fluffy little kitten, too, just +ready to dart back into the house and scamper +across the floor, looks happy and contented. +Evidently the people who live in this house +with its wide stone porch are good and kind. +Should you not like to visit them?</p> + + +<p><b>Questions to help the pupil understand the +picture.</b> How did the baby get out on the +porch? Why does she not walk? Where has +she been? What time of day is it? Where +do you suppose her mother is? What did the +baby find on the porch? What does she ask +the dog? How can he answer? How does he +take care of her? What makes you think her +pets love her? Why does the little kitten stay +inside? What is on the stone bench? Should +you like to visit the people who live in this +house? why?</p> + + +<p><b>To the Teacher:</b> Encourage the children +to talk about their pets at home, and to draw +pictures of them.</p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> + <b>The story of the artist.</b> Although Mr. +Holmes has painted many very popular pictures +of children and their pets, we can find very little +information about his life except that he was +an Englishman. However, he cannot be forgotten +so long as his pictures live to tell us +of his little friends and their faithful pets.</p> + + +<p><b>Questions about the artist.</b> Who painted +this picture? What do his pictures tell us about +the artist? In what country was he born?</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS</h2> + +<p><b>Studying the picture.</b> Several days before the lesson is to +be taken up, the picture to be studied should be placed where +every pupil can see it.</p> + +<p>First of all, the children should find out for themselves +what is in the picture. The questions accompanying the +story of each picture are intended to help them to do this.</p> + + +<p><b>Language work.</b> The pupils should be encouraged in class +to talk freely and naturally. In this way the lesson becomes +a language exercise in which the pupils will gain in freedom +of expression and in the ability to form clear mental images.</p> + +<p>If a lesson does not occupy the entire drawing period, the +children should be asked to retell the story of the picture.</p> + + +<p><b>Dramatization and drawing.</b> Most of the stories told by the +pictures lend themselves readily to dramatization and, whenever +practicable, such stories should be acted out. The stories +also offer numerous interesting situations that may be used +as subjects for drawing lessons.</p> + + +<p><b>The review lesson.</b> The review lesson should cover all pictures +and artists studied throughout the year. At this time +other pictures available by the same artists should be on +exhibition.</p> + +<p>The review work may be conducted as a contest in which +the pictures are held up, one at a time, while the class writes +the name of the picture and the artist on slips of paper which +have been prepared and numbered for that purpose. One +teacher who used this device surprised her class by presenting +those whose lists were correct with their choice of any of the +large-sized Perry pictures studied.</p> + +<p>Many teachers, however, will prefer to use this time for +composition work, although the description of pictures is often +given as an English lesson. Pupils may write a description of + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> +their favorite picture. In fact, the lessons can be made to +correlate with history, geography, English, spelling, reading, or +nature study.</p> + +<p>In any event the real purpose of the work is that the pupils +shall become so familiar with the pictures that they will recognize +them as old friends whenever and wherever they may see +them.</p> + +<p>It is hoped that acquaintance with the picture and the +interest awakened by its story will grow into a fuller appreciation +and understanding of the artist's work. Thus the children +will have many happy hours and will learn to love the good, +the true, and the beautiful in everything about them.</p> + + +<hr /> +<div class="tn"> +<h4>Transcriber's Note:</h4> +<ul class="corrections"> +<li>Some words have accents of different weights. The heavier accent is +marked double (''). (Example: bo'nur'')</li> +<li>Pg <a href="#zhan">1</a> Pronunciation guide for (zh<span class="smcap">N</span> + fr<span class="smcap">N</span>sw䴴 mēlĕ) +presents a Latin letter small capital <span class="smcap">N</span>, a voiced uvular nasal.</li> +<li>Pg <a href="#ra">27</a> Raphael Sanzio (r䴴f[+a] ĕl snzyō) contains the "+" symbol +representing an "up tack" not represented in any charts.</li> +<li>Pg <a href="#boo">42</a> Bouguereau (b[=oo]gẽrō) contains [=oo] representing +a "long oo" sound not represented in any charts.</li> +</ul> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Stories Pictures Tell, by Flora Carpenter + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES PICTURES TELL *** + +***** This file should be named 32471-h.htm or 32471-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/4/7/32471/ + +Produced by Larry B. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Stories Pictures Tell + Book One + +Author: Flora Carpenter + +Release Date: May 21, 2010 [EBook #32471] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES PICTURES TELL *** + + + + +Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: Title Decoration] + + STORIES + PICTURES TELL + + BOOK ONE + + _By_ + FLORA L. CARPENTER + _Instructor in drawing in Waite High School, Toledo, Ohio_ + + _Illustrated with Half Tones from + Original Photographs_ + + RAND McNALLY & COMPANY + CHICAGO NEW YORK + + + + + _Copyright, 1918_ + BY RAND MCNALLY & CO. + +[Illustration: Publisher's symbol] + + + + +THE CONTENTS + + + SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER PAGE + + "Feeding Her Birds" _Millet_ 1 + + "Children of Charles I" _Van Dyck_ 10 + + + NOVEMBER, DECEMBER, AND JANUARY + + "Four Little Scamps Are We" _Adam_ 21 + + "Madonna of the Chair" _Raphael_ 27 + + + FEBRUARY AND MARCH + + "Miss Bowles" _Reynolds_ 35 + + "Two Mothers and Their + Families" _Elizabeth Bouguereau_ 42 + + + APRIL, MAY, AND JUNE + + "Can't You Talk?" _Holmes_ 48 + + Review of Pictures and Artists Studied + + _The Suggestions to Teachers_ 53 + + + + +THE PREFACE + + +Art supervisors in the public schools assign picture-study work in +each grade, recommending the study of certain pictures by well-known +masters. As Supervisor of Drawing I found that the children enjoyed +this work but that the teachers felt incompetent to conduct the +lessons as they lacked time to look up the subject and to gather +adequate material. Recourse to a great many books was necessary and +often while much information could usually be found about the artist, +very little was available about his pictures. + +Hence I began collecting information about the pictures and preparing +the lessons for the teachers just as I would give them myself to +pupils of their grade. + +My plan does not include many pictures during the year, as this is to +be only a part of the art work and is not intended to take the place +of drawing. + +The lessons in this grade are planned for the usual drawing period of +from twenty to thirty minutes, and have been given in that time +successfully. + + FLORA L. CARPENTER + +[Illustration: FEEDING HER BIRDS] + + + + +STORIES PICTURES TELL + +FEEDING HER BIRDS + + =Original Picture:= Lille Museum, Lille, France. + =Artist:= Jean Francois Millet (zhaeN fraeN'swae'' m[=e]'l[)e]''). + =Birthplace:= Gruchy, France. + =Dates:= Born, 1814; died, 1875. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? What +are the children doing? Where do they live? On what are they sitting? +Whom can you see behind the house? What is he doing? What do you think +the children were doing before their mother called them? why? What +does the hen expect? What else do you see in the picture? What time of +day do you think it is? Why is this picture called "Feeding Her +Birds"? How many like it? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= In a tiny white cottage in a little +village in France, lived a painter with his wife and nine children. +This painter's name was Jean Francois Millet, and although quite poor +his was a very happy family. Nearly every morning the father worked +hard in his garden behind the house, and every afternoon in a queer +little old room he called his studio. Here he painted beautiful +pictures of places and people he saw and loved. Almost all of his +pictures are of the country and of people who worked, because he knew +most about them and because he loved them best. + +Sometimes he finished his work in the garden very early, and then he +was glad, for he liked better to paint than to do anything else in the +world. + +One day when he looked out through the window of his studio he saw a +much prettier picture than the one he was painting. He saw three of his +children sitting in a row on the doorstep, while the mother fed broth to +each of them in turn from a wooden spoon. As they crowded close together +they reminded him of some little birds he had been watching that +morning. You know how little birds open their bills and crowd toward the +edge of the nest when the mother bird feeds them? Millet thought he +would paint this picture, and name it "Feeding Her Birds." + +See how the mother tips forward on the stool as she bends toward the +three children. That is a wooden spoon she holds in her hand, and it +is full of hot broth from the bowl in her lap. The children seem to +be very hungry. No doubt they have been playing hard all the morning. + +It is easy to see with what the little girl at the left-hand side of +the picture has been playing. She holds her wooden doll very close, +and loves it just as much as if it were china and had real hair as +your own doll has. She is the eldest of the children, and you can see +she is unselfish because she sits patiently by while her baby brother +and little sister get the first taste of the delicious broth. + +The boy and the younger girl must have been playing with the basket +and cart you see in the picture, for the basket is overturned as if it +had been dropped in a hurry when the mother came to the door with the +broth. Now the playthings are quite forgotten. + +The boy opens his mouth wide as he leans forward for the first taste, +while the little sister puts her arm around him to hold him steady. As +she watches him, she opens her mouth, too. + +See the hen running toward them! She thinks there will surely be +something for her to eat, too. + +The three children wear long aprons all alike, and the queer wooden +shoes that the peasants always wore in those days. What a clatter +those wooden shoes must have made even when the children played in +the yard! And what a noise they made on the wooden floors in the house +unless the children walked very carefully! + +The girls wear bonnets tied with string, while the boy has a cap that +looks very much like a tam-o'-shanter, except that it, too, is tied +under his chin. The mother wears a handkerchief on her head and +another round her neck. Her dress looks thick and warm, and so do the +children's dresses. It must be a cool day, for even the doll is +wrapped in a shawl. + +The man behind the house is working busily in the garden. Millet must +have thought of himself when he painted this man, for, like the father +bird, he must work hard to get enough food for his family. Sometimes +there was very little, and the bread had to be divided into such tiny +pieces that the children were still hungry when they had eaten their +share. + +We know it must be about noon because the shadows in the picture are +so short. What a nice big yard these children had to play in, and what +good times they must have had playing all kinds of games! They had +lived in the city of Paris several years and for that reason, no +doubt, they liked to play "keeping store" best of all. They gathered +acorns, stones, and flowers, and placed them on a big wooden box for +a counter. Then they took turns being storekeeper. + +Perhaps to-day it had been the boy's turn, and he had stood behind the +counter ready to sell his goods. The younger girl had come first, +carrying a basket. Probably they called the stones oranges or apples, +and, judging by the overturned basket, the little girl must have bought +at least a dozen. Next had come the little mother, with her doll baby +riding in the cart. This cart is hardly large enough for the doll and so +it had to be guided very carefully to keep dolly from falling out. + +When the mother called, the elder of the two girls had caught up her +doll quickly, leaving the cart behind; the younger sister had tossed +her basket of oranges away in glee, while the boy forgot all about his +store at the thought of the hot broth they were to have. + +The high doorway of this little one-story, whitewashed house of +plaster and stones is just wide enough for the three children to sit +one beside the other. That great vine growing up beside the door is +probably an ivy vine, for we are told that the little white cottage is +still standing and is completely covered with ivy. + +Everything you see in the picture is home-made,--the clothes, the +doll, the spoon, the cart, the basket, and even the milking stool +upon which the mother is seated. + +Sitting there in the bright sunlight, these round-faced, happy little +children will soon finish their broth; then they will be ready to +begin the "store-keeping" game again. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= In what country +did these children live? In what kind of house did they live? What +grew up beside the door? What did their father do for a living? What +was his name? Where did he paint his pictures? What kind of pictures +did he like best to paint? why? How did he happen to paint this +picture? Why did he call the picture "Feeding Her Birds"? Upon what is +the mother sitting? What kind of a spoon has she in her hand? What is +in it, and in the bowl in her lap? What makes you think the children +are hungry? Which one is fed first? Which one will probably wait until +the last? why? How are the children dressed? What kind of shoes have +they? How many of you have ever seen wooden shoes? How is the mother +dressed? What makes you think it must be a cool day? What do the +shadows tell us of the time of day? What game did these children like +to play? What did they have to play with? Who made their toys and +clothes? What did they do when their mother called them? What makes +you think they were happy children? + + +=To the Teacher:= After the story is told, the children should be +allowed to act out the picture. Stools or kindergarten chairs placed +in the schoolroom doorway, and a spoon, a doll, a cart, and a basket, +which the children will gladly bring from home, are all the +accessories needed. It is well to let the pupils act out the game +which the children are supposed to have been playing when the mother +called them, as well as the story in the picture itself. + + +=The story of the artist.= Shall we tell you something about the man, +Millet, who painted this picture? + +Jean Francois Millet was the son of poor French peasants. His father was +a good man, very fond of music and of all beautiful things out of doors. +Sometimes he would say to his son, "Look at that tree, how large and +beautiful it is; as beautiful as a flower!" He would call his son's +attention to the fields, the sunsets, and all things around him. + +Millet's mother worked in the fields with his father all day long. So +it was his grandmother who rocked him to sleep and cared for him while +he was very little. She was the one who named him Jean after his +father, and Francois after the good St. Francis. She was a religious +woman, and almost the only pictures Millet saw when he was a boy were +those in his grandmother's Bible. He copied them many times, drawing +them with white chalk on the stone wall. This pleased the grandmother +very much, and she encouraged him all she could. + +When he was eighteen years old Millet drew his first great picture. This +is how it happened. As he was coming home from church he met an old man +with bent back leaning on a cane as he walked slowly along. Something +about the bent figure made Millet want to draw a picture of him. So, +taking some charcoal from his pocket, he drew the picture on a stone +wall. The people passing by knew at once who it was; they were pleased +and told Millet so. His father, too, was delighted, for he himself had +once wished to be an artist. He decided that his son should become what +he had wished to be; so he sent him to a good teacher. + +Millet worked very hard, but for a long time his pictures did not +sell, and he was very poor. After a while people saw what wonderful +pictures he could paint, and they were glad to let him know how much +they thought of him and of his beautiful paintings. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What kind of a +man was his father? What did he tell his son about the trees? What did +Millet's mother do? Who took care of Millet while his parents worked +in the fields? What kind of pictures did Millet have to look at? What +did he draw first? Where did he draw? Who helped him? Tell about the +old man leaning on a cane. On what did Millet draw his picture? Who +saw it? What did they say? What did his father say? What did he wish +his son to be? What did Millet do then? What do people think of his +pictures now? How many of you like this picture? + + + + +CHILDREN OF CHARLES I + + =Original Picture:= Turin (t[=u]''r[)i]n) Gallery, Turin, Italy. + =Artist:= Sir Anthony Van Dyck (v[)a]n d[=i]k''). + =Birthplace:= Antwerp, Belgium. + =Dates:= Born, 1599; died, 1641. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What are these three little children +doing? Who are they? Did you ever have your picture taken? Where did +you go to have it taken? Where do you think these children are? Why +did they not go to a photographer as we do? Who, do you suppose, +brought them to the studio? How are they dressed? How long do you +suppose these children had to stand to have their picture painted? How +did the photographer tell you to stand? What is the baby holding in +his hands? What do you see on the rug in front of the little girl? Why +do you suppose the dog sits so quietly near Prince Charles? Which +child should you like best to play with? Who painted this picture? Do +you like it? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= Once there lived a very beautiful queen +and a very proud king. They had three beautiful children, whom they +loved very dearly. They were very proud of these children, and gave +them everything they could to make them happy. + +The child standing so straight with his hand on the dog's head is a +boy, although he is dressed much like a girl. His name is Prince +Charles. He had the finest little pony and cart you ever did see. His +sister, Mary, the little girl standing beside him, had a very +beautiful doll that could do so many wonderful things that it really +seemed to be alive. The baby, Prince James, had such a great number of +toys they almost filled a large room. There were several servants who +brought out the toys and put them away again, and who had nothing else +to do but wait upon these children. The children had a fine large yard +to play in, too. It was so large that people called it a park. The +king had his gardener build a seat up in one of the big oak trees, and +there the children could play all kinds of games. + +It was great fun to climb up into this seat, where they were just as +high up as the birds. On windy days the big tree would rock back and +forth just like a swing. One day they were having a good time in the +park when they were told their mother wanted them. They were to be +dressed to go and have their pictures painted. + +There were no cameras in those days, so there was no photograph +gallery to go to. But instead, there was a great artist whose name was +Sir Anthony Van Dyck. He painted beautiful pictures with oil paints. +Prince Charles had already had his picture painted so many times he +probably would not have cared to go if it had not been for the boat +ride he knew he would have. You see, the king's palace and Sir Anthony +Van Dyck's house both stood near the banks of the same river. Sir +Anthony had a private boat landing made just for the king and queen +and their children. The king liked so much to watch Sir Anthony Van +Dyck paint that he used to visit him nearly every day. He had several +fine boats to take him there. + +It must have taken a long time before the children were dressed and +ready to go. "Baby Stuart," as people loved to call little Prince James, +wore blue silk, trimmed with lace. His brother wore rose-colored silk, +with a large lace collar and cuffs. I don't see how he could run or even +walk in such a long, heavy dress; do you? It looks as if it were his +very best dress. Probably he had a shorter one to play in. + +How strange it seems that both the boys wear bonnets tied under their +chins, while the little girl does not. Perhaps they did not want to +spoil her pretty curls. Princess Mary's dress is white satin, trimmed +with lace. She looks like a grown-up lady in that dress. People said +she looked just like her lovely queen mother. No doubt her mother +curled her hair and put the string of pearl beads around her neck. +Probably the queen mother also gave Baby Stuart the big red apple he +holds in his hands. He was only two years old, and she thought he +might get hungry or need something to play with. + +[Illustration: _Children of Charles I_] + +When at last they were all ready, the boats were waiting for them. +Several ladies went with the queen, so it was quite a party. It was a +beautiful ride down the river to Sir Anthony Van Dyck's house. When +at last the boats came to the landing place, very likely Prince +Charles was the first to jump on shore. + +The great Sir Anthony Van Dyck himself came out to meet them. He was +glad to have three such lovely children to paint. He was very fond of +children and then, too, he always liked to have a great many people +about him. When the party entered his studio,--the room where Van Dyck +painted,--they found many people already there. The ladies wore +beautiful dresses and the men, too, were dressed in velvets and silks, +and carried shining swords. Sir Anthony Van Dyck had a very large, +fine dog, and as soon as the dog saw the children he came right up to +them. He seemed to like Prince Charles best, and sat beside him all +the time his picture was being painted. He liked to feel the soft +stroke of Prince Charles's kind hand. + +Baby Stuart stands upon a raised platform and his head is almost as +high as his sister's. He looks a little shy as he stands there, +holding his apple tight in his chubby little hands. His sister Mary +must have held some roses in her hand and dropped them. Can you see +them on the rug, in front of her? If Baby Stuart should drop his +apple, perhaps the dog would bring it to him. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck was very fond of music, and always had some +musicians playing while he painted. The children liked the music, too, +and it made them forget they were standing still so long. The ladies +and gentlemen talked together in another part of the room, but this +did not disturb the artist. He was so absorbed in his work that he did +not hear them, and no one would have thought of interrupting him. + +The children stood still almost half an hour that day before the artist +said, "That will do"; and they came several times before Sir Anthony Van +Dyck could finish painting their faces. Then he told their mother to +send him the three little dresses the children were wearing, and he +would paint them without the children. You may be sure the children were +glad they did not need to stand while the dresses were being painted. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck painted a curtain just back of the children, and +through the window we see a rosebush which may be the one from which +the little Princess Mary picked her roses. The great artist painted +many pictures of these three children, but the king and queen liked +this one best of all. + +A long time after this picture was painted the father, King Charles I, +was beheaded by some of his people who did not like him. Prince +Charles grew up to be King Charles II. He did not like to do anything +but have a good time, so people called him the "Merry Monarch." He +nearly always took a dog with him wherever he went, even to church. He +seemed to like a certain very small dog best, and people named these +dogs after him. They called them "King Charles spaniels." Have you +ever seen a King Charles spaniel? + +When Princess Mary was only ten years old she was married to the +Prince of Orange, who was then only fifteen years of age. But she +lived in her own home until she grew up. When at last she did go to +live in her husband's country every one was glad to see her, for she +was such a good and wise princess. She often helped her brothers, too, +for it seemed as if they were always in trouble. + +Baby Stuart grew up to be a great naval officer, who fought and won +battles on a big boat at sea. When his brother, King Charles II, died, +he became King James II. + +When you look at this picture of Baby Stuart you feel sure he will +grow up to be a good king. But, do you know, he was not a good king. +The people did not like him at all, and even drove him out of the +country. But we like to think of him always as a pretty baby whose +queen mother used to sing him to sleep just as other mothers do. + +These three children liked to play and have a good time just as much +as we do. It would be great fun to visit them and play with them, +would it not? + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Whose children +are these? Where did they live? Where did they play? Which one is +Prince Charles? Tell about him. When he grew up what did he become? +What kind of a king was he? What kind of dogs were named after him? +why? How is he dressed in this picture? Whose dog is he petting? Who +stands next to him? What color is Princess Mary's dress? Whom did she +look like? Why do you suppose she does not wear a cap or bonnet like +her brothers? How is her hair combed? How old was she when she married +the Prince of Orange? What kind of a princess was she? Whom did she +help? Upon what is Baby Stuart standing? What color is his dress? When +he grew up, what did he become? What kind of a king was he? How old +was he when this picture was painted? Where was it painted? Who +brought the children to the studio? How did they bring them? Who met +them at the landing? What kind of a place was this studio? How long +did the children stand? What helped to keep them from getting tired? +After Sir Anthony Van Dyck had painted their faces, what did he say +about their dresses? What did the king and queen think about this +picture? What do you think about it? + + +=To the Teacher:= Allow the children to act out the story. They will +enjoy representing the children at play in the park, getting dressed +for their picture, and finally posing for it. Wrapping paper or even +common newspapers may be used to make the stiff, long skirts and the +caps. A make-believe boat is satisfactory. A kindergarten stool will +do for the platform on which Baby Stuart is standing. + + +=The story of the artist.= Sir Anthony Van Dyck's father kept a silk +store and sold beautiful silks to rich people. He met so many fine +folks that he tried to be like them himself, and soon had as fine +manners as the best of them. This made him just a little bit too +proud, so that he no longer cared to have anything to do with any one +who was common or poor. + +The boy Anthony grew up with something of the same feeling. When he +was very little he did not like to play with other boys, but preferred +to sit in his father's shop where the great ladies came to buy silk. +He liked to have them smile at him, and to smile shyly back at them. + +Anthony's mother made the most exquisite embroidery and painted +beautiful flowers. She gave the little boy his first lessons in +painting. By the time Anthony was old enough to go to school his +parents had become very rich, and nothing was too good for their +little boy. He liked to draw better than anything else, and so when he +was fourteen years old they sent him to a good teacher to learn how to +draw and paint. Here he worked very hard. He did so well that in two +years, when he wanted to study with the great Dutch artist, Rubens, +the artist was glad to have him as his pupil. + +There were a good many boys in the class. One day their teacher, +Rubens, went out for a long walk. He always locked the door of his +private studio and no one else had a key, except a servant. The boys +wanted so much to see what was in that room that they finally +persuaded the servant to let them in. Once inside the studio, they +crowded close around the new picture Rubens was painting, and one of +the boys was pushed against it. His coat sleeve rubbed off the chin +and arm of the Virgin the artist was painting. The boys were terribly +frightened, and did not know what to do. Finally they decided that the +chin and arm must be painted in again. All said that Anthony could do +it better than any of the rest. + +So well did he paint that even Rubens did not know anything had +happened. When he did find out about it he was so pleased to know +that his pupil could paint so well he did not scold the boys at all. +After that he often let Anthony help him paint his pictures. + +Sir Anthony Van Dyck went on many long journeys to see the work of +other artists. He had eleven brothers and sisters, for whom he was +always doing helpful things. He admired beautiful silks, satins, +velvets, and lace, and liked best to paint people wearing fine +clothes. He did it so well, too, that all the people of King Charles's +court wanted him to paint their portraits. He could always make them +good looking, for even if they had very ugly faces, he painted such +beautiful clothes on them that they made lovely pictures. + +He must have loved children, for all his paintings of them look as if +he did. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Tell about his +mother and father. What did Sir Anthony Van Dyck like to do when he +was a little boy? Who taught him to draw? With what great artist did +he study when he was older? What happened to one of Rubens's pictures? +Who painted it over again? Why did Rubens not scold him? What did Sir +Anthony Van Dyck like to paint best? What makes you think he must have +loved children? + + + + +FOUR LITTLE SCAMPS ARE WE + + =Artist:= Julius Adam ([)a]d''[)a]m). + =Birthplace:= Unknown. + =Dates:= Unknown. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= How many of you like little kittens? +How many have a kitty at home? What are these little kittens doing? +Where do you think they are? What makes you think they are all well +fed and cared for? What is the color of their fur? How many of them +look happy? How many have a ribbon around the neck? What do you +suppose these little kittens have been doing? Which one would you +choose for your pet? why? Do you think this is a good picture of +kittens? Why do you think so? Why do you suppose it is called "Four +Little Scamps Are We"? + + +=The story of the picture.= Once there was a man named Mr. Adam, who +had four little kittens just like these. He liked to watch them play, +and they loved him because he was so kind to them. He must have found +it very hard to make them keep still long enough for him to paint +their pictures. Probably he put them in a large glass cage with wire +over the top, as so many painters of cats have done. The wire was +placed over the top so the kittens could have plenty of air. Sometimes +Mr. Adam would drop a ball or string down through the wire into the +cage and play with the kittens. The sides of the cage were made of +glass so that he could watch them while he painted, no matter in what +part of the cage they might be. + +Perhaps these four little kittens have just had a fine romp through +the house. What do you suppose they had for breakfast? Probably a +saucer full of milk, which is just what little kittens like best. + +Mr. Adam has finally succeeded in chasing his four roguish little +kittens into the cage. They do not mind staying in the cage to please +him, for they like to have him talk to them and play with them. They +try to look their very best for him, and wonder which one he will take +up first. Sometimes he must like to take them up in his arms and pet +them. Which one would you like to take in your arms? + +These four pretty kittens must be very happy, for they look as if they +were well cared for. That first little kitten at the left-hand side of +the picture seems happy. We suspect she is purring. That is the way she +lets us know she is happy, just as children sing when they are happy. I +am sure she would like to lie in your lap and let you pet her. She +holds her head a little to one side, and her bright eyes seem to say, +"I may be little, but I'm spry. Just roll a marble toward me, and see." + +[Illustration: _Four Little Scamps Are We_] + +How very wise the second little kitten looks! Perhaps she is proud of +her white collar and cuffs. I am sure she keeps them nice and clean. +Such a baby she is, to be so thoughtful! But she likes to play, too, +no doubt. What do you suppose she is thinking about? Maybe she is +thinking of a nice, soft red ball in a basket in the sewing room, and +after her picture is painted perhaps she means to get that ball and +surprise the other kittens. Then they will all roll over and over on +the floor with it. Or maybe the mamma cat has told her she will show +her how to catch a mouse. She will need to keep very quiet then, or +the mouse will hear and run away. + +The third little kitty is almost all white. She looks as if she saw a +bird. We hope she is not such a naughty kitty as to try to catch our +pretty birds. I am sure Mr. Adam will not want her to do that, and +will teach her better. But, do you know, I believe it is a fly she +sees, and I hope she will catch that. She surely does look as if she +were planning some mischief as she crouches there ready for anything. + +The last little kitten seems to say, "Oh, look at my pretty ribbon! I +am the only one of us that wears a ribbon! Is it not fine?" No wonder +he holds his head so high! His fur is striped, and he looks like a +little tiger kitten. + +With such bright eyes and such sharp ears it is no wonder cats hear +and see the little mice that go about so quietly. Do you know why a +cat has whiskers? They say that the whiskers are always as wide as the +widest part of the cat's body, so that when she wants to go through a +hole in the fence, or through any narrow place, she can tell whether +the opening is large enough. If her whiskers just touch, she can go +through all right; but if they are pushed back, then it is of no use +for her to try, for there will not be room enough to pass. + +Have you ever noticed the color of little kittens' eyes? They are +nearly always blue when the kittens are very little, but turn yellow +as they grow older. Their eyes are very different from ours, for they +can see in the dark as well as in the daytime. + +What soft little cushions they have on their feet! No wonder they can +go about so quietly. When they like you, they keep their claws hidden +in those cushions, and so they do not scratch when they play with you. + +Did you ever watch a cat sharpen her claws? She usually sharpens them +on the trunk of a tree, but sometimes she likes to sharpen them on the +carpet or rug. Your mamma does not like that. Even little kittens have +very sharp teeth and claws, and if you tease them, or they are afraid, +they bite and scratch. These little kittens look as if they had never +been teased or felt cross, and we would not be a bit afraid to pet them. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Where do you +suppose Mr. Adam put these kittens when he wanted to paint them? Why +put them in a glass cage? Why have wire over the top? Why do the +kittens like to stay in the cage? Which of the kittens has a ribbon +around the neck? How does he seem to feel? What does the next kitten +seem to be about to do? What color is she? What is the next little +kitten doing? How does a kitten tell us that she is happy? Why does a +cat have whiskers? How do a cat's eyes differ from ours? What have +cats on their feet that help them to walk quietly? Of what use are +their claws? What does a cat do when she is angry? How does she +sharpen her claws? What does she do with them if she likes you? + + +=To the Teacher:= Allow the children to talk freely of their kittens +at home. Have them draw a kitten with charcoal on manila paper. Even +if the results are not much in themselves, their powers of observation +will be quickened, as is always shown when the same drawing is +attempted a few days later. + + +=The story of the artist.= We know that Mr. Adam must have been very +fond of cats, because he has painted so many pictures of them; but +that is all we really do know of him. One authority gives the first +letter of his name as S., the dates of his birth and death as 1801 and +1867, and his birthplace, Italy. Another authority gives the same +dates but the initial letter J. and the birthplace, France. The +paintings are signed T. or J. Adam, but no record has been kept of the +artist's life. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Why do you +think he must have liked cats? + + + + +MADONNA OF THE CHAIR + + =Original Picture:= Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy. + =Artist:= Raphael Sanzio (rae''f[+a] [)e]l saen''zy[=o]). + =Birthplace:= Urbino, Italy. + =Dates:= Born, 1483; died, 1520. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= Whom do you see in this picture? Who +is sitting in the chair? Who leans against the mother's knee? What is +he holding under his arm? At whom is he looking? Why do you think he +loves the baby? How many have a baby brother at home? What has the +mother on her head? Around her shoulders? What makes you think the +baby is not sitting very still? Who painted this picture? + + +=The story of the picture.= A long time ago a good old man whose name +was Bernardo lived all alone in a little house in the woods. If people +were lost in the woods, or tired, or hungry, they always came to him +and he would help them. It was his work to take care of the trees and +see that only the oldest and largest were cut down. But there was one +large oak near his house he never would let the men cut. Its branches +kept his house cool in summer with their shade, and in the winter they +sheltered it from the bitter cold winds. Bernardo, living all alone +and with no one to talk to, used to talk to the tree. And the big oak +would nod its branches as if it understood every word. + +All the trees belonged to a man who used the wood to make barrels. He +made hundreds and hundreds of barrels, and though it took a great many +trees to give him wood enough, he always spared the oak tree. +Sometimes when this man came out to see about his trees his little +daughter Mary came with him. And so Bernardo and little Mary became +great friends. In fact, the old man said he had only two friends, the +oak to whom he talked and little Mary who talked to him. + +One day there was a dreadful storm and Bernardo's little house shook +so in the wind that he was afraid to stay in it. He looked at the oak +tree, and it seemed to motion to him and tell him to come into its +branches, where he would be safe. So he put some bread in his pocket, +for he knew the storm would last a long time, and climbed up into the +tree. It was a good thing he did so, too, for very soon his house was +blown down. Hundreds of birds also hid among the branches of the big +tree during the storm, which lasted three days. + +The old man wished he had brought more bread to eat, for the ground +was covered with water so deep he did not dare leave the tree. Just as +he began to think he would starve, Mary and her father came in search +of him and took him to their home. Little Mary had been thinking of +him all the time, and just as soon as they could they had come for +him. So you see his two friends, Mary and the oak, had saved his life, +and Bernardo loved them more than ever. He prayed that in some way his +two good friends might always be remembered together. + +[Illustration: _Madonna of the Chair_] + +Many years after, Bernardo died. By that time the oak was so old it +seemed as if it would fall over and break the other trees near it, or +maybe hurt somebody. So it was cut down, and Mary's father had it made +into fine new barrels. By this time the little Mary had grown up, was +married, and had two fine boys of her own. She was sitting out on the +nice big porch of her home one day, holding the baby in her arms, when +the older boy came running to her to show her a stick which one of the +workmen had carved into a cross. And who should happen to be passing +the house at that very moment but the great artist, Raphael. + +When he looked up and saw the lovely mother and her children, he +thought he had never seen anything so beautiful. He was on his way +home after a long walk, and did not even have his paints with him. But +he saw the empty barrels in the yard, and choosing one with a nice +smooth head, he drew on it, with a piece of charcoal, a picture of +Mary and her children. He took the drawing home with him and painted +this great picture. So the old man's wish came true, for this barrel +end made from the old oak tree, with the picture of Mary and her +children upon it, has become famous over all the world. + +Such a round-faced, healthy, happy-looking baby, held tight in the +loving clasp of his mother's strong arms! Perhaps he is getting tired +of sitting so long for his picture, and wants to go down and see what +the artist is doing. His chubby little arms and feet make us think he +is not sitting very still. His lovely mother bends her head toward +him. Her head is covered with a handkerchief, and there is such a +beautiful shawl around her shoulders. The older boy looks with love +and adoration at his sweet baby brother, who is looking toward us. +What a beautiful old carved chair they must have been sitting in! + +The mother's face was so good and kind, and she looked so lovely there +on the porch with her children, that she reminded Raphael of that +other mother, Mary, the mother of the baby Jesus. The elder brother +looked like the little St. John adoring Jesus. So Raphael painted a +halo around their heads and called the picture the "Madonna of the +Chair." This halo is a ring of light which artists often paint around +the heads of angels and saints. Raphael wanted to make us think loving +and tender thoughts about the baby Jesus, Mary, and St. John. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Who was +Bernardo? Where did he live? What did he do? Why did he not cut down +the oak tree near his house? To whom did he talk? How did the oak +tree seem to answer him? Who was Mary? Tell about the storm. How long +did it last? Who came in search of Bernardo? Why did he pray that his +two friends might be remembered together? What became of the oak tree? +of Mary? Who painted her picture? Where was she? On what did the +artist paint the picture? why? Why is the picture round? How did this +make Bernardo's wish come true? Of whom did Mary and her children make +the artist think? Why did he paint the halo around their heads? What +is a halo? Why is the picture called the "Madonna of the Chair"? Of +whom did the artist want to make us think? + + +=To the Teacher:= Have the children retell the story of the picture. + + +=The story of the artist.= Raphael's father was a painter, and +belonged to a family of painters. Perhaps there never was a more +fortunate little boy born to more loving parents. And perhaps that, +too, is the reason he grew up with such pleasant ways and such a sweet +nature that every one who knew him loved him. It made people happy +just to be with him. + +Raphael's father taught him how to mix paints, and showed him how to +wash and care for his brushes. He gave him his first lessons in +drawing and painting. Raphael's mother died when he was only eight +years old, but he had a stepmother who was very good to him indeed, +and helped him all she could. A few years later his father died, and +so it was through the help of a generous uncle that he was sent to the +studio of the great artist, Perugino, to study. The artist-teacher was +very fond and very proud of Raphael, whose work soon became even +better than his own. + +Raphael was never jealous or unkind toward others who did things +better than he could do them. And he made those who could not do so +well as he feel kindly toward him and be glad of his success. He did +all he could to help poor artists, and was never too busy to see them. +Whenever he went to court to see the king and queen he was just like a +prince in a fairy story. About fifty of these poorer artists and +friends always went with him to show everybody how much they loved and +admired him. It was just like a parade. + +One day the Pope--Pope Julius--sent for him and told him that he +wanted him to paint some good pictures on the walls of four of the +rooms in his palace, the Vatican. On these walls pictures had been +painted which the Pope did not like, and he thought Raphael would know +just what to do to make his palace the most beautiful in the world. +Raphael worked very hard, for he wanted to please the Pope. Many of +the pictures had to be painted on the ceilings, and he had to lie flat +on his back on a large board placed across two ladders. You may be +sure he grew very tired. + +Some days he took long walks in the country. It was when returning +from one of these long walks that he painted the "Madonna of the +Chair." He painted over forty Madonnas. This Madonna is seated in a +chair, and that is why it is called the "Madonna of the Chair," or +"_Madonna della Sedia_." Most of his paintings are of stories told in +the Bible. He painted over two hundred eighty-seven pictures. The +artist's last name was Sanzio, but people have always called him by +his first name, Raphael. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What kind of a +boy was he? Why did people like him? Who taught him to draw and paint? +Who else helped him? What happened when he went to see the king and +queen? What did the Pope ask him to do? How did he paint the ceiling? +Where did he like to walk? How did he happen to paint this picture? +What kind of pictures did he usually paint? How many Madonnas did he +paint? How many pictures all together? + + + + +MISS BOWLES + + =Artist:= Sir Joshua Reynolds (r[)e]n''[)u]ldz). + =Birthplace:= Plympton, Devonshire, England. + =Dates:= Born, 1723; died, 1792. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What is the little girl in this +picture doing? Why does she keep such fast hold of the little dog? +Where do you think they are? Do you think she looks happy or +frightened? why? What has she in her hair? How is she dressed? What +makes you think you would like to play with her? What do you think +they have been doing? Where have they been playing? Do you like this +picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= How pleased little Miss Bowles must have +been when her mamma and papa told her she was to go to the studio of +the great Sir Joshua Reynolds to have her picture painted! She must +have clapped her hands, for, as every one knew, Sir Joshua Reynolds +was the most delightful man in the world. He not only loved children +but he always played with them and kept a great many wonderful toys in +his studio just for them. Then, too, he had invited her and her mamma +and papa to have lunch with him before she sat for her picture. + +Sir Joshua had told her mamma to dress the little girl in the simplest +white dress she had, so she could play, and because he did not like +fine clothes. + +It was a lovely drive from her home to the studio, and the two fine +horses held their heads up and stepped very high as if they, too, were +glad they were going to Sir Joshua's house. Just as Miss Bowles +stepped out of the carriage the cutest little black and white dog came +racing down the walk to greet her. Little Miss Bowles was not a bit +afraid. How could she be, when the little black and white dog came +right up to her and stood wagging his tail? When she had petted him, +perhaps he ran to bring a stick for her to throw, so he could find it +and bring it back to her, just as your dog does. Sir Joshua heard her +laughing and the dog barking as he came out to welcome them. + +Almost at once, luncheon was announced and they all went in to the big +dining room. Sir Joshua Reynolds sat next to little Miss Bowles and +told her all about the little dog, whose name, perhaps, was Spot. A +lady whose picture he had painted had given the dog to him, and she +had taught Spot several very clever tricks which Miss Bowles should +see right after luncheon. + +Sir Joshua loved to surprise his little friends. When they were not +looking he would take their handkerchiefs from them, or suddenly put +some strange toy in their laps. He loved to see their look of surprise +and delight. + +[Illustration: _Miss Bowles_] + +After luncheon came a good romp in the yard. Perhaps the little dog +would bite Miss Bowles's shoes and try to keep her from running. How +she must have laughed! + +When she went back into the house Spot went in with her. Little Miss +Bowles is so afraid the artist is going to send her pet away that she +holds him fast in her arms, and looks at Sir Joshua Reynolds as much +as to say, "Now you can't send him away, can you?" Her eyes fairly +sparkle with glee as she squeezes the little dog much too hard for his +comfort. He knows that she holds him so fast because she wants to keep +him, and he is glad to be with her, but oh! if she just would not +squeeze quite so hard! + +Show me how little Miss Bowles is sitting. I suppose she is afraid to +look away even for a second for fear Sir Joshua will play some trick +on her and get the little dog away. Sir Joshua painted so very fast +that I don't suppose she knew just when he drew her picture, although +he probably asked her to sit still when he was ready to paint. But she +must have gone to his house several times before the picture was +finished. Her father and mother were very much pleased with the +picture, and said it looked just like their little girl. + +Sir Joshua Reynolds loved the woods and nature so much that he nearly +always painted them in his pictures. So in the background of this +picture we catch a glimpse of the woods in the yard where the child +and dog have been playing, and where they have just stopped a moment +to rest. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Where was this +picture painted? Why was little Miss Bowles so glad to go? How did she +go? What came to meet her? What color was the dog? How did he act? Who +gave the dog to the artist? How did Sir Joshua Reynolds know little +Miss Bowles had come? How did he tease her? What did they do after +luncheon? Why did she hold the dog so fast? What can you see behind +the little girl? + + +=To the Teacher:= Let the children illustrate the story of little Miss +Bowles playing with her dog in the park. Use charcoal, or colored +crayon, on manila paper. + + +=The story of the artist.= Sir Joshua Reynolds's father was a teacher +in a private school, and to this school Joshua was sent as soon as he +was old enough to study. Even when a very little boy Joshua liked to +draw. He liked it so well that it was hard for him to study in school. +He always saw so many things he wanted to draw that he could not wait +until after school, but drew them on the back of his lesson papers. +One day he drew all over his number paper, and when he handed it in +his father could not read the numbers on account of the drawing. His +father was disappointed because his son's paper did not look so neat +as the other boys', and so he wrote at the top of the sheet, "Done by +Joshua out of pure idleness." + +Joshua had five brothers and sisters who liked to draw just as well as +he did, and who could all draw very much better than he could. It took +so much paper and so many pencils for all his children, that finally +the father told them they might draw on the walls of one of the halls. +The walls had been whitewashed and the children used burnt sticks for +pencils. + +At first the older brothers and sisters used to help little Joshua by +guiding his hand, but he soon learned to draw as well as they. His +first drawings had been so funny that they laughed at him, but now +they praised him instead. When he was only eight years old he drew a +picture that every one praised very much. It was a picture of the +schoolhouse. When his father saw it he was so pleased that he said, +"This is wonderful!" + +In the little town where Joshua lived the people had church on +Sundays, of course, and sometimes during the week. One day, Joshua +went to church. At first he sat very still, but the sermon was a long +one, and finally he grew so tired that he could not listen another +minute. He thought he would like to draw a picture of the minister, +but he had nothing to draw it on. Then he remembered that he had a +pencil in his pocket, and he could draw a picture of the minister on +his thumb nail; and that is just what he did. + +The church was near the river, and after church Joshua went down to +the river bank. Finding a piece of an old sail, he carried it to a +boathouse. Here, from the picture on his thumb nail, he drew on the +piece of sail the portrait of the minister. Then he painted it, using +the common paint that is used in painting boats. Joshua was only +eleven years old, and had finished his first oil painting. His father +had wanted him to be a doctor, but after seeing this picture he +decided to let Joshua have his own way and be a painter. He sent him +to a good teacher, and lived to see his son a great artist. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Where did he +go to school? Who taught him? What did he like to do best? On what did +he draw? Why was his father disappointed when he saw his number paper? +Where were the children allowed to draw? With what did they draw? What +did he draw that pleased his father very much? Tell about the picture +of the minister. + + + + +TWO MOTHERS AND THEIR FAMILIES + + =Artist:= Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau (b[=oo]'g[~e]r[=o]''). + =Birthplace:= Exeter, New Hampshire. + =Dates:= Born, 1842. Still living, 1918. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? In +what room do you think they are? Why do you suppose the picture is +called "Two Mothers and Their Families"? How many little chickens are +there? What time of the year do you think it is? time of day? What is +the little boy doing? How many of you like this picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= This little boy is having a good time +feeding the fluffy little chickens. He has scattered some grain on the +floor and the old hen and eight of her chicks are eating as fast as +they can. + +Two of the old hen's chicks must have wandered away, so that at first +they did not hear the mother hen's cluck. Now see how they flutter +their wings as they hurry back toward the others! + +[Illustration: _Two Mothers and Their Families_] + +The old mother hen takes such good care of her little chickens! When it +is very cold she will spread out her wings until all the little ones are +covered. She keeps them warm and snug. If it rains, and she cannot get +them under shelter, she will protect them with her wings in the pouring +rain, much as she dislikes it. Every day she must scratch for bugs and +worms for them and teach them how to scratch for their own living. + +She watches carefully to see that nothing harms them. Sometimes big +birds, called chicken hawks, fly over the yard ready to swoop down and +carry little chickens away in their claws. Then there are other things +to be feared, such as weasels and rats; even cats and dogs might harm +her little ones. Is it any wonder the mother hen is anxious, and apt +to be cross when we go near her little chicks? It is best to be +careful, then, for if she thinks you mean to hurt them she will fly at +you and hurt you with her sharp bill. + +When the artist, Mrs. Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau, visited this home +and saw the mother and her child watching this old hen and her +chickens, it is no wonder she wanted to paint them. She wanted to make +us feel the love of the mother hen for her little ones as well as that +of the other mother for her children. + +The child is delighted, as, safe in his mother's arms, he looks around +to see if she is watching, too. There is a little baby sister in the +cradle, and that is the reason he keeps very quiet and does not speak. +No doubt the mother has rocked the baby to sleep. You can see how the +baby is fastened in the cradle so she cannot fall out. That +odd-looking top over part of the cradle is placed there to keep the +light from the baby's eyes. Just now it is moved a little to one side, +and we can see part of the baby's face. + +This home probably belongs to a French peasant who goes to his work +very early in the morning, or he would be with his family now. + +It must be a very hot day in summer, for both mother and child are +barefooted and they are dressed for warm weather. + +See the pots and pans hanging on the wall under the shelf, and the old +kettle hanging over the large open fireplace! The room must be +kitchen, bedroom, and dining room all in one; perhaps they have only +this one room. There is a basket on the stand, and most likely it is +filled with vegetables brought in from the garden for dinner. + +What a happy, healthy little boy this is, with his hair in little +ringlets all over his head! His half-closed hand makes us think he +still has some corn left to scatter on the floor for the chickens. + +It seems very strange to see chickens running about in the house. If +the mother and child were not dressed so as to keep themselves cool we +should think they had let them in because it was too cold for them +outside. + +The mother looks as proud of her small son as the mother hen is of her +young family. What a pleasant face she has! The old hen does not feel +anxious when she is near, for she knows this other mother is kind and +will care for her and her fluffy little chicks. The boy, too, seems to +be very careful, and the hen is glad to have the grain scattered by +his kind little hand. + +There is so much bright light in the picture that we are sure there is +an open door near by, though we cannot see it in the picture. It was +through this open doorway that the mother hen and her chicks strayed +into the house. Probably the artist sat in the doorway as she painted. + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= What is the +little boy doing? What makes you think he has just scattered corn for +the chickens? How many chickens have found the grain? What are the +other two chickens doing? How does the mother hen care for her +chickens? What do you see standing beside the mother and child? Who is +sleeping in the cradle? What are the straps for? the shade? Why do you +think it must have been a hot day? What hangs under the shelf? What do +you see on the shelf? What is on the stand? Why is the old hen not +afraid of the mother and child? In what way are the two mothers alike? +From which direction does the light seem to come? + + +=The story of the artist.= We know very little about the artist, Mrs. +Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau, except that she is an American who has +spent most of her life in France. She studied in Paris for many years +and was a pupil of the great artist Bouguereau, whom she married. Her +pictures have been exhibited many times in this country and abroad. +Among her best-known works, besides the "Two Mothers and Their +Families," are "Cinderella," "Fortune Teller," "Maud Muller," +"Cornelia and Her Jewels," and "Corinne." She has also painted a +number of portraits. Many of her pictures are of children. She is +still living in Paris, France. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? Where was the +artist born? Where did she study and whom did she marry? Where do you +think she must have been sitting when she painted the picture? Name +two of her best-known pictures. + + + + +CAN'T YOU TALK? + + =Artist:= G. A. Holmes (h[=o]mz). + =Birthplace:= England. + =Dates:= Unknown. + + +=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? Where +are they? Why is the stone floor not too cold for the baby? What time +of day do you think it is? why? What do you suppose the baby has been +doing? What makes you think the big dog loves the baby? What is the +little kitten doing? What do you see on the stone bench? Do you like +the picture? why? + + +=The story of the picture.= It must have been a warm summer day when +this little baby slipped out of her bed, crept across the room to the +door, and out on the cool stone porch. + +It may have been a Monday morning, when the baby's mamma was very busy +in the kitchen, washing the clothes. Probably she put the baby to bed +for the usual morning nap, and did not hear her wake up. + +It must be about noon, for the shadows are short in the picture. The +mother is probably out in the yard, taking her clean clothes off the +line, so of course she could not hear the baby creep out through the +open door to the porch. There the baby found the great dog keeping +watch. How wise he looks! He knows the baby's mamma would be worried +if she knew what her little one is doing, and his kind eyes seem to +say, "Never mind, I'll take care of her." + +[Illustration: _"Can't You Talk?"_] + +Perhaps the baby asks him, "Where's my mamma?" He looks as if he +wanted to answer or say something, and she cannot understand why he +does not, so she crawls up to him and says, "Can't you talk?" But the +big dog can only wag his tail and watch the baby. If she should crawl +too far away, we feel sure he would try to persuade her to come back, +or if he could not do that, he would bark and let the mother know +something was wrong. + +What chubby little hands and feet the baby has! You can almost see the +dimples in her cheeks. She is a friendly, happy little child, I'm +sure, and you can see that her pets love her. There is the little +kitten rubbing up against the door as if waiting to see if the dog +will answer baby's question. Kitty seems to be afraid to come out on +the porch, although the dog does not look as if he would hurt her. +Sometimes little babies with such chubby hands squeeze their pets too +hard, and maybe this little kitten, although she loves the baby, does +not want to come too near. + +There is a stone bench at one side of the porch. It looks as if some +one had left a market basket, a cabbage, and a bag on it. Perhaps in +the basket are potatoes from the garden. + +What a busy life this baby has with so many things to do and so much +to learn! She tries so hard to understand. I suppose she thinks, "Good +old dog, you seem to know so much more than I do. How does it happen +that I can talk and you cannot?" + +The mother will be coming in soon, and how surprised she will be to +find her baby up and out on the porch, with the big dog taking such +good care of her! + +This good old dog does so much to help them! All night long he guards +the house, not allowing any one even to stop on the walk in front of +the house, without his warning bark. In the daytime, if the people +wish to go away, they may be sure the faithful dog will allow no one +to enter the house while they are gone. No harm can come to these good +people while he is there to help them. You can tell by looking at him +that he is well fed and well cared for. That fluffy little kitten, +too, just ready to dart back into the house and scamper across the +floor, looks happy and contented. Evidently the people who live in +this house with its wide stone porch are good and kind. Should you not +like to visit them? + + +=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= How did the baby +get out on the porch? Why does she not walk? Where has she been? What +time of day is it? Where do you suppose her mother is? What did the +baby find on the porch? What does she ask the dog? How can he answer? +How does he take care of her? What makes you think her pets love her? +Why does the little kitten stay inside? What is on the stone bench? +Should you like to visit the people who live in this house? why? + + +=To the Teacher:= Encourage the children to talk about their pets at +home, and to draw pictures of them. + + +=The story of the artist.= Although Mr. Holmes has painted many very +popular pictures of children and their pets, we can find very little +information about his life except that he was an Englishman. However, +he cannot be forgotten so long as his pictures live to tell us of his +little friends and their faithful pets. + + +=Questions about the artist.= Who painted this picture? What do his +pictures tell us about the artist? In what country was he born? + + + + +THE SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS + + +=Studying the picture.= Several days before the lesson is to be taken +up, the picture to be studied should be placed where every pupil can +see it. + +First of all, the children should find out for themselves what is in +the picture. The questions accompanying the story of each picture are +intended to help them to do this. + + +=Language work.= The pupils should be encouraged in class to talk +freely and naturally. In this way the lesson becomes a language +exercise in which the pupils will gain in freedom of expression and in +the ability to form clear mental images. + +If a lesson does not occupy the entire drawing period, the children +should be asked to retell the story of the picture. + + +=Dramatization and drawing.= Most of the stories told by the pictures +lend themselves readily to dramatization and, whenever practicable, +such stories should be acted out. The stories also offer numerous +interesting situations that may be used as subjects for drawing lessons. + + +=The review lesson.= The review lesson should cover all pictures and +artists studied throughout the year. At this time other pictures +available by the same artists should be on exhibition. + +The review work may be conducted as a contest in which the pictures +are held up, one at a time, while the class writes the name of the +picture and the artist on slips of paper which have been prepared and +numbered for that purpose. One teacher who used this device surprised +her class by presenting those whose lists were correct with their +choice of any of the large-sized Perry pictures studied. + +Many teachers, however, will prefer to use this time for composition +work, although the description of pictures is often given as an +English lesson. Pupils may write a description of their favorite +picture. In fact, the lessons can be made to correlate with history, +geography, English, spelling, reading, or nature study. + +In any event the real purpose of the work is that the pupils shall +become so familiar with the pictures that they will recognize them as +old friends whenever and wherever they may see them. + +It is hoped that acquaintance with the picture and the interest +awakened by its story will grow into a fuller appreciation and +understanding of the artist's work. Thus the children will have many +happy hours and will learn to love the good, the true, and the +beautiful in everything about them. + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: + + +* Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original + (=bold=). + +* Some words have accents of different weights. The heavier accent is + marked double (''). (Example: bo'nur'') + +* Pg 1 Pronunciation guide for (zhaeN fraeN'swae'' m[=e]'l[)e]'') + presents a Latin letter small capital "N", a voiced uvular nasal. + +* Pg 27 Raphael Sanzio (rae''f[+a] [)e]l saen''zy[=o]) contains the + "+" symbol representing an "up tack" not represented in any charts. + +* Pg 42 Bouguereau (b[=oo]'g[~e]r[=o]'') contains [=oo] representing a + "long oo" sound not represented in any charts.] + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Stories Pictures Tell, by Flora Carpenter + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES PICTURES TELL *** + +***** This file should be named 32471.txt or 32471.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/4/7/32471/ + +Produced by Larry B. 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