initial commit of ebook 32013HEADmain

9 files changed, 5395 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/32013-8.txt b/32013-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6249786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/32013-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1781 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second
+Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863, by George W. Wingate
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863
+
+Author: George W. Wingate
+
+Release Date: April 16, 2010 [EBook #32013]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAST CAMPAIGN OF 22ND REGIMENT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+  LAST CAMPAIGN
+  OF THE
+  TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT,
+  N. G., S. N. Y.
+  JUNE AND JULY, 1863.
+
+
+  New York:
+  C. S. WESTCOTT & CO., PRINTERS,
+  NO. 79 JOHN STREET.
+  1864.
+
+
+
+  Entered according to the act of Congress, in the year 1864,
+
+  BY GEORGE W. WINGATE,
+
+  in the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States
+  for the Southern District of New York.
+
+
+
+
+THE LAST CAMPAIGN OF THE
+
+Twenty-second Regiment N. G., S. N. Y.
+
+
+On the 18th of June, 1863, it having been definitely ascertained that the
+rebel horde had invaded Pennsylvania in force, the call of the President
+was issued to the Empire State, and her militia, leaving everything as it
+stood--their books unclosed, their ploughs in the furrow--hurried eagerly
+forward in response, to unite in the defence of our sister State. All day
+long blue and gray uniforms were dashing frantically backward and forward
+through the streets, and in and out of the various armories of the city,
+in search of essentials found missing at the last moment; and in military
+circles the flurry and commotion were indescribable, particularly at the
+Palace Garden in Fourteenth street, where the Twenty-second regiment
+N. G., S. N. Y., assembling in great haste, were preparing to be "off to
+the war" on their second campaign.
+
+At last the manifold preparations were completed, and amid tumultuous
+cheering, the fluttering of handkerchiefs, the ringing of bells, and the
+thousand bewildering noises of an enthusiastic crowd, the regiment formed
+and marched away--where to, none knew and none cared, so long as they were
+doing their country a service.
+
+That night was spent in the cattle-cars of the Camden and Amboy Railroad,
+and the next morning found us entering the City of Brotherly Love, through
+which, after being fed and washed at the immortal "Cooper Shop," we took
+our way for the capital of the state, cheered on by an enthusiastic
+ovation from the citizens, whose noble behavior and unstinted hospitality
+to the thousands of soldiers who have passed through the city since the
+beginning of the war, has obtained for Philadelphia the well-earned
+reputation of being the most patriotic city in the Union.
+
+The distance from New York to Harrisburg, I believe, may be usually
+traversed in about eight hours, but (as there was a great need of men),
+the regiment was kept precisely three days in cattle-cars before being
+deposited at its destination, no insignificant omen of the fate that
+awaited its members in the future. Finally, after an immensity of
+tribulation, we got to Harrisburg, and spent the last of these three days
+quietly lying alongside of Camp Curtin; this camp, so celebrated in
+Pennsylvania annals, is a wide level expanse, in the vicinity of the city,
+and was then crowded with the newly-raised militia, whose general
+appearance and condition did not inspire us with that exalted idea of
+their efficiency that the newspapers seemed to have; on the contrary, it
+seemed to us, that a more indifferent, lazy, uncouth-looking set never was
+seen outside of rebeldom; but as their ideas of hospitality toward us were
+demonstrated in copperhead talk and chaffing us with hard names, these
+views may be prejudiced. At some distance from Camp Curtin, however, were
+a couple of batteries and some troops from Philadelphia, who really looked
+like soldiers, and whose appearance inspired the "Yorkers" with a feeling
+of respect which further acquaintance did not dispel.
+
+But notwithstanding the society, the time hung heavy on our hands, and it
+was no small relief, when, during the latter part of the afternoon, we
+were sent across the Susquehanna, some of us into the fortifications, and
+the others, including the Twenty-second, to camps in the different places
+near the river, to protect the various approaches and fords in the
+neighborhood of the city.
+
+It was growing dusky as we arrived at our selected camp-grounds, and, as
+it was a singular characteristic of the climate of Pennsylvania during our
+brief sojourn, that darkness is synonymous with rain (for the sun scarcely
+ever went down before the elements were imitating the movement), it
+accordingly commenced to rain, and by the time it was fairly dark a heavy
+storm was raging.
+
+Fortunately, an immense empty barn was at hand, into which the regiment
+wedged themselves, like sardines in a box, so tight, in fact, that those
+unfortunates who happened to find themselves under a leak in the roof--and
+there were many such--had to remain quiet under their douche, and take it
+coolly for the whole night. The Eleventh and one or two other regiments,
+being without either barn or tents, were obliged to sleep in the woods all
+night without any protection whatever, and were consequently regarded as
+suffering martyrs by all the rest of us, who wondered how they could
+possibly have lived through it.
+
+Little did those think who shuddered when they talked about sleeping in
+the rain without cover, that in a very short time they would be doing that
+very thing themselves, and come to regard it as a mere matter of course,
+inconvenient to be sure, but so commonplace as to be hardly worth
+mentioning.
+
+The next morning, having pitched our tents, we entered upon the usual
+routine of camp life, humdrum to the last extent. Hot as an oven, stupid
+and monotonous as a prison, the first few days passed quietly enough. It
+is true that the roofs and spires of the capital of Pennsylvania, which we
+had come to defend, were in plain sight, but a very few visits there,
+combined with the chilling reception we received in passing through it,
+put an effectual quietus on our hopes of the good time that was coming.
+Little bills, and big stories of little bills, for necessary purchases;
+fifteen cents for a cup of (rye) coffee, and other things in proportion,
+the general indifference of the inhabitants as to which side won in the
+contest which was impending, and the other annoyances which have been so
+fully ventilated in the New York newspapers, in a very short time
+destroyed the clamor for passes, and rendered useless the complicated
+system of signatures which had been devised to prevent the expected rush
+for those documents.
+
+By-and-by we were regaled by perusing in the New York papers the most
+astounding accounts of the dangers of our position, and of the uprising of
+Pennsylvania; unquestionably it was all true, but we hadn't seen anything
+of the kind yet. Still, while laughing over much that we read, we could
+not help noticing, that as time wore on, a stream of skedaddlers, small at
+first, but rapidly increasing, was sweeping by the camp; and in a short
+time crowds of able-bodied natives, driving their flocks and herds, and
+followed by wagons heaped mountain high with their most precious household
+goods, blocked up every road leading into the city, and showed that the
+enemy were rapidly approaching.
+
+Things, however, remained quiet, as far as we were concerned, but it was
+only the quiet which portends the storm. A night alarm, caused by the
+guard and pickets firing on spies escaping from the camp under cover of
+the darkness, more spies, both male and female, in the guard-house, more
+cattle, more scared natives rushing by as though a second exodus was at
+hand, soon put us on the alert.
+
+On Saturday, the 27th of June, that portion of the regiment not on picket
+was hastily marched down the turnpike, and set at work throwing up a line
+of rifle pits, to cover the road up which the enemy were now rapidly
+advancing, report said, only four miles off; but as companies C (Capt.
+Post), and G (Capt. Howland), had been previously sent some five miles
+down the same road as pickets, and had not yet been driven in, we took
+these figures with a slight discount. There was no question, however, but
+that they were near enough, and we dug away for dear life, from eleven A.
+M. to two P. M. (and the Sixty-ninth may be safely defied to produce a
+bigger hole than we had finished at that time); and in consideration of
+these unparalleled exertions, those in authority kindly allowed us to rest
+our wearied limbs--by chopping down a good-sized forest, which interfered
+with the range of the artillery.
+
+Now, digging rifle pits in a hot sun is so very much like excavating a
+sewer, that axe-work was fun itself compared with it, so the boys,
+dropping their spades for axes, went to work with a _vim_, Col. Aspinwall
+himself setting the example, while each company did its best to outdo the
+others; and soon the big hickories, two and three feet in diameter, were
+crashing in all directions, shaking the very ground with their fall. This,
+by-the-by, was the "heavy cannonading at Harrisburg," which was
+telegraphed on to the New York papers, where it greeted our wondering eyes
+in print the next afternoon.
+
+_Of course_ the people of the vicinity lent their experienced arms to
+assist in obstructing the march of the enemy; the deputation of patriots
+present, up to seven o'clock P. M., numbering precisely four (and two of
+these were blacks, but none the worse choppers for that). After that
+hour, through the earnest solicitations of a guard despatched by Colonel
+Aspinwall, whose fixed bayonets presented an unanswerable argument, the
+surrounding male population volunteered (?) their aid and axes towards the
+completion of the work, while the tired troops sought their tents to
+sleep.
+
+No alarm broke the stillness of the night, and the regiment assembled the
+next (Sunday) morning in front of the Colonel's tent for religious
+services, feeling rather more disposed to be pious than usual, for none
+knew what might occur before another day was passed.
+
+Those services never took place. The men were assembled, the prayer-books
+distributed, the Chaplain had risen and was on the point of announcing his
+text, when the Colonel dashed up at full gallop, with the order--"Go back
+to your company 'streets,' and strike tents at once!"
+
+The men rushed back to their quarters, and preparations for breaking camp
+went on in the greatest possible haste, in the midst of which the Chaplain
+disappeared for parts unknown, and we never laid eyes on him from that day
+to this.
+
+Company D (Capt. Thornell) was here ordered down to relieve the companies
+on picket, and in obedience to subsequent orders threw up a line of
+rifle-pits across the road, to defend the position to which they had been
+ordered; where they remained, lying on their arms, until they were called
+in on the morning of the 30th.
+
+In a few minutes the camp was struck, and we were marching off, little
+thinking, as we took our leave of the pleasant spot where our nice new
+tents were being loaded in wagons pressed for the occasion, of the length
+of time that would elapse before our heads would get under their (or any
+other) shelter again--perhaps, if we had, the leave-taking would have been
+more affecting.
+
+While one half of the remaining portion of the regiment was ordered to
+hold the rifle-pits, the remainder marched to Bridgeport Station opposite
+Harrisburg, and proceeded to barricade several houses commanding the
+approaches to the beautiful railroad bridge erected at this point, with as
+much industry as though they had not done a thing for a week. Companies A
+(then commanded by Lieut. Franklin, Capt. Otis being temporarily absent)
+and I (Capt. Gardiner), with beams, barrels of earth, bundles of lath,
+railroad sleepers and sand-bags, by ten o'clock P. M., had converted the
+engine-house in which they were stationed into a loopholed and casemated
+battery to protect two pieces of the Eighth N. Y. troop, placed there to
+rake the railroad. In the more laborious parts of this work, lifting
+railroad sleepers and carrying sand-bags, they were assisted by a
+detachment of negroes from the large body at work on the fortifications,
+and it was really touching to see the patient, uncomplaining way in which
+these poor men worked. All the preceding night and day with scanty
+covering they had toiled, digging, carrying heavy beams and sand-bags, and
+though almost wearied out, without the slightest compulsion, without the
+use of a single harsh word from their overseer, they still continued. The
+white volunteers from Harrisburg had long since abandoned the toilsome
+work; the weary soldiers stopped at nine o'clock; but the negroes kept on.
+
+At twelve o'clock P. M., the Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh, were
+cautiously awakened and marched stealthily out to cut off the enemy's
+advanced guard, reported to be reconnoitring in our front. It was an
+imposing sight to see the long column dimly and silently winding down the
+roads and through the varying shadows of the night. Not a sound was
+heard--orders were given in a whisper; and as we drew nearer the enemy's
+position, the silence was so profound that the heavy breathing of the men
+was distinctly audible.
+
+After a long march, whispered orders were passed down the line, and amid a
+death-like silence we halted and formed line of battle, fixing bayonets,
+and freshly capping our pieces in readiness for instant service. Every eye
+was strained through the darkness to discern the patrols of the enemy in
+the wavering shadows of the woods and fields, and every ear was stretched
+to its utmost tension to catch the expected challenge. But the silence was
+unbroken, and after a few moments' halt the column proceeded, feeling
+their way with the utmost caution, and expecting at every instant to hear
+the volley which would announce that the advanced pickets had been
+encountered; but our caution was unnecessary, the enemy had fallen back
+and there was nothing to be seen.
+
+The movement was splendidly managed, and only wanted one thing to be a
+magnificent success, that was--an enemy. "As there wasn't anybody to be
+captured, we could not capture anybody;" so after marching out some five
+miles past the pickets, we returned without seeing anything, and at five
+A. M. lay down by the railroad track to catch a few minutes' rest. Company
+B (Capt. Remmey), were not allowed even this rest; but were obliged to
+return to the picket station, down the New Cumberland road from which they
+had been recalled to join in the expedition, and which they did not reach
+until after seven o'clock.
+
+The next day was spent in line of battle, waiting for an attack; but the
+rebels kindly allowed us to rest during the day, and to "turn in" at our
+usual hour at night, without molestation, for which we were exceedingly
+obliged to them.
+
+In the meantime the preparations for the defence of Harrisburg went on
+with all possible speed; by this time the fortifications erected there
+were quite extensive, and it is probable that their looks went far toward
+dampening the ardor of the "Confeds." But it seemed to us that in the
+incessant hurry and bustle that were going on around, there was a great
+want of system; that there was no great mind overseeing everything, and
+watching that the right man was in the right place. Much of this is
+certainly unavoidable. A general cannot see everything done with his own
+eyes, but still the unusual manner in which things were managed--the
+rushing at a thing for half a day, then leaving that unfinished, and going
+at something else; the subordinates at a loss for orders, and almost every
+one doing what seemed right in his own eyes--was the subject of frequent
+comment, especially among the "thinking bayonets" of the rank and file.
+But in justice it must be said that their opportunities of judging were
+very limited.
+
+At about ten o'clock on the morning of the 30th of June, an order came
+from the General commanding, for the Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh New
+York to prepare for a _two-hours'_ march, nothing to be carried but
+canteens. A hasty roll of the drum, a few hurried orders from the company
+officers, the line was formed, and in less than fifteen minutes the
+regiments were off, leaving everything behind them. They have not got back
+from that two hours' march yet!
+
+After marching and counter-marching all over the country for some fourteen
+miles, the brigade, in the afternoon, encountered the enemy near Sporting
+Hill or Hampden, and quite a smart engagement ensued, the Twenty-second,
+supported by some Pennsylvania cavalry (who skedaddled at the first
+shell), advancing through woods and wheat-fields on the left--Co. A (Capt.
+Otis), being detached as a reconnoitring party to cover that flank in the
+advance--while the Thirty-seventh advanced on the right, as skirmishers,
+the Philadelphia battery having the centre. At first, a portion of the
+rebels, posted in one of the immense barns for which Pennsylvania is so
+celebrated, was enabled to annoy the brigade considerably, wounding a
+lieutenant and several others of the Thirty-seventh; but they were finally
+compelled to evacuate, and in a very short time their artillery was
+silenced, and they were in full retreat along the whole length of the
+line. This success must be ascribed in a great measure to the gallant
+conduct of the Philadelphia battery, which, as far as we were able to see,
+was unquestionably the most efficient of the organizations, that the
+invasion of her soil had elicited from Pennsylvania patriotism; and in the
+eyes of our boys, the Philadelphians therefore stood very high.
+
+In this affair the rebels lost some fifteen killed, and twenty or thirty
+wounded (this being the account given by themselves to the farmers in the
+vicinity). The Union loss was very slight, though, as usual, there were
+all sorts of semi-miraculous escapes. After a short pursuit, the approach
+of darkness admonished us of the necessity of caution; a halt was
+therefore ordered, and in a short time orders came to go back to camp.
+Full of life and spirits, although considerably exhausted by the fatigues
+of the day, the brigade took up their line of march for Bridgeport. A
+wagon filled with provisions, belonging to the Twenty-second, had been
+sent out from the latter place to meet the column as soon as it was known
+that there had been a "scrimmage," and hearing of the return of the
+troops, those in charge had halted when some six miles out, and were
+busily engaged in preparing supper. Orders, however, were sent forward to
+repack and hurry everything back, so that the men would have supper ready
+on their arrival in camp.
+
+Supper! how the word put fresh vigor into weary limbs, and kept up the
+flagging spirits. No one can know, till he has tried, what a difference it
+makes in the marching powers whether, after a prolonged fast, you are
+proceeding _toward_ your supper or _away_ from it.
+
+While we were marching merrily along, suddenly the order came to _halt_!
+_Rest._ And then it was discovered that, for some unknown reason, the
+powers that be had decreed that the brigade should spend the night where
+they were; and there, drenched with perspiration, without rubber blankets,
+haversacks--anything, in the wet grass by the side of the road, in the
+midst of a drizzling rain, they lay down to sleep, about as uncomfortable
+as men could well be.
+
+When the wagon came up, a little coffee and hard tack were dealt out, but
+as this event did not take place till about two o'clock in the morning,
+the number of those who could keep awake to wait for it was very limited.
+At daylight in the morning, three crackers per man and _no_ coffee
+composed a light and frugal repast, on which we started on our first long
+march.
+
+At about four A. M., the regiments were massed in column to hear a speech
+from their Brigadier; but it was lamentably evident that, however skilled
+in the art of war he might be, the mantle of eloquence had never fallen on
+his shoulders. He stated to the men that _he_ had endured as much as they
+had, slept and eaten as little; that _he_ (on horseback) didn't feel
+tired, and therefore they (on foot) shouldn't; that _he_ (on horseback)
+could go to Carlisle, and therefore they could.
+
+Now as no one had objected, or in fact knew, that we were going to
+Carlisle at all, this assumption that we were trying to shirk our duty, at
+a time when all were flattering themselves for making extraordinary
+sacrifices, did not add many to the rapidly diminishing circle of the
+General's admirers.
+
+At the time of starting, and for some time afterwards, it was supposed
+that Carlisle was in possession of the rebels, and that we would have to
+fight our way through. Skirmishers were therefore thrown out, and the
+column, composed of one (I) company of the Twenty-second as an advanced
+guard, another (B) company deployed as skirmishers, then the
+Thirty-seventh and Twenty-second (Col. Roome being senior to Col.
+Aspinwall) moved cautiously forward; but after going some five or six
+miles the skirmishers were drawn in, information having been received from
+paroled prisoners and farmers that the enemy had left the town (though
+their pickets were still in the immediate vicinity), and we proceeded
+without any precautions whatever.
+
+The day was beautiful, though rapidly becoming too warm for comfort, and
+the route lay through a most lovely country. Scarcely anywhere can the eye
+rest on finer scenery, more beautiful fields, more comfortable houses, or
+more magnificent barns (for magnificent is the only adjective applicable
+to those structures) than those of southern Pennsylvania. But alas! the
+houses were deserted, the farms pillaged--everything of value, everything
+that could walk, or be eaten, or--stolen, was gone--swept away by the
+invader, and the peaceful population driven from their homes by the
+ruthless hand of war.
+
+A few hours' marching brought us past the scene of yesterday's
+"scrimmage," and enlivened by the prospect of another fight, as the
+fatigue and stiffness of the previous night wore off, the echoes of song
+and laughter floated down the column, taken up and re-echoed from company
+to company till they died away in the distance, "and all went merry as a
+marriage bell"--for a time.
+
+The roads were good, the air pure, the halts frequent--there was nothing
+to find fault with. The people, hitherto the only objectionable feature of
+the country, were as kind and hospitable as we could desire; and in
+Hogestown, a little village on the "pike," and all along the road,
+wherever there were occupied houses, the women (and very pretty women some
+of them were, too) turned out _en masse_, with trays of bread and apple
+butter, and buckets of cool spring water, to help along the tired troops.
+A happy contrast with the customs of the capital we had left behind us.
+
+A regiment of Reserves, who had started fresh and well-fed from Harrisburg
+that morning, and had gained on us while we were retarded by the slow
+progress of the skirmishers through the tall grain and tangled wheat,
+hurried up when the rumor began to spread that Carlisle was evacuated, and
+in a manner displaying equal ignorance of the rules of war and politeness,
+undertook to push their way through the brigade, "to get in ahead of the
+Yorkers," and win the honors of the victory from those who had borne the
+burden and heat of the day. In attempting this they soon found that they
+had calculated without their host, and that the commanding officers of the
+Twenty-second had cut their eyeteeth long before putting foot in
+Pennsylvania. When they pushed up on the right, the head of the column
+gently obliqued that way; if they changed around, a simple "left oblique"
+rendered the movement needless; and when they attempted by high strategy
+to come up on _both_ sides, the order, "_By company into line_," filled
+the road from fence to fence with a solid front of men, who serenely swept
+forward, refusing to budge from their path for all the "preserves" "ever
+pickled."
+
+Then, letting down the fences, they took to the fields, and attempted to
+get by that way. At the sight of this a wild cry of "double quick" went up
+from the rear to the front of the column, and breaking into a "double" the
+brigade swept on for a mile or more, leaving their followers vanishing in
+their rear, whence, either from their being exhausted, or from hearing
+that the rebels had _not_ left Carlisle, they never emerged to trouble us.
+
+We had heard, it is true, from passing buggies, and straggling squads of
+paroled prisoners, that the village itself had been evacuated; but all had
+united in asserting that the rebels were still very near, several stating
+that they were just on the outskirts of the place. Under these
+circumstances an ordinary mind would think that there was no necessity for
+hurrying. The Reserves were "gone in," and if there was the least danger,
+common sense required that the men should be brought into the city as
+fresh as possible; but our commander did not see things in that light, and
+consequently walked deliberately into a trap, which came within a hair's
+breadth of proving fatal to the whole command.
+
+The skirmishers had been called in before this, and the march had been
+rapid; it now became "_forced_." That meant, in this instance, a march
+pursued without regard to the health, comfort or fatigue of the troops,
+against the expostulations of the surgeons; where speed is such an object
+that everything must be disregarded, and well or ill, suffering or not,
+the men must push on.
+
+And we did push on, and from our halt, more than ten miles from Carlisle,
+till we prepared to meet the enemy in the city, no rest was allowed. When
+we arrived at Kingston, a small but patriotic village on the road, where
+the women stood at their doors with piles of bread and apple butter, all
+expected, as a matter of course, that we would be allowed to rest and eat
+something; but notwithstanding that no rations had been received since the
+morning of the previous day, (except a little bread obtained by a few of
+the lucky ones at Hogestown), and although it was now noon, yet our
+Brigadier refused to allow a moment's halt, and the men were compelled to
+close up and march away from the food that stood ready for them. Any one
+who thinks this was not a sacrifice had better try the experiment.
+
+For a little while the march continued as usual. Thirteen miles passed; a
+few quietly dropped out; all were growling, not loud but deep. Fourteen,
+more vacancies--fifteen--the weather growing oppressive with the sultry
+heat of mid-day. No shade, no water, no rest; no complaining now, but men
+dropping out with frightful rapidity. All those who were not pure "grit"
+had given in previously, and from this time every man kept up till he fell
+from sheer exhaustion. On every side you would see men flush, breathe
+hard, stagger to the side of the road and drop almost senseless; but still
+the column went on.
+
+At one time the entire left wing of the Thirty-seventh, on arriving at the
+crest of a hill, rebelled, and halted where they stood. It would have been
+well if the whole brigade had followed their example; but as the
+Twenty-second pressed on, regimental pride was aroused, an officer
+snatched up the colors and rushed forward, cheering on his men; and
+closing up as best they could, every man, able to walk, rallied himself
+once more, and pushed forward. Colonel Roome, of the Thirty-seventh, gave
+out early, exhausted by illness and the fatigues of the previous day, but
+followed his regiment in a wagon; and many other officers were compelled
+to imitate his example. But as there were neither ambulances nor wagons,
+nothing in truth for the transportation of the sick but what could be
+picked up on the road, the great majority of the disabled not only here
+but throughout our subsequent march, had to be left where they gave out.
+
+We finally halted a mile from Carlisle, and formed into line of battle to
+repel an attack from the rebels, then found to be in the vicinity. But in
+place of the two regiments, that started eleven hundred strong, only about
+three hundred men could be mustered on halting, and even these were almost
+completely exhausted; while the remainder of the brigade were stretched in
+groups along the roadside, striving to collect their scattered forces
+sufficiently to enable them to overtake the column, and _seven men_ in the
+Twenty-second reported by the surgeon as ruptured, afforded an additional
+proof, if one were necessary, of the severity of the march.
+
+The mere distance marched was not so great, as necessarily to have
+produced such a result, the same troops subsequently marched much farther
+without a tithe of the suffering, but it was a great mistake to compel
+militia, exhausted by previous labor and privation, to undergo such an
+ordeal without food or rest, and its effect on the morale and discipline
+of the troops can readily be conceived by any one.
+
+At last the march was finished, and we were at Carlisle, but so were the
+rebels. For awhile there was mounting in hot haste, riders galloping back
+to hurry up stragglers; and the brigade rapidly formed into line, amid
+hurried consultations of field officers, muttered curses from captains
+who, like Rachel, mourned for their companies "because they were not," and
+the other unmistakable signs which indicate nervous anxiety at
+headquarters. After an hour or so spent on tenter-hooks, somebody told
+somebody something which resulted in our marching ahead, expecting to have
+to fight at any moment. But no enemy exhibited himself, and passing
+through the principal street of Carlisle, we raised the American flag amid
+great enthusiasm.
+
+Blessed be Carlisle--almost the only place since leaving Philadelphia
+where cheering had been heard. We could not appreciate too highly the
+grateful reception we met. The hurrahs of the men, the smiles and waving
+handkerchiefs of the ladies, made us feel that patriotism still existed in
+the state; and when the tired and hungry men were shown to a substantial
+meal in the market-house, and waited on by the ladies of the village (who
+utterly eclipse any seen on the route for good looks as well as
+hospitality), it was unanimously resolved that "Mahomet's paradise was a
+fool to Carlisle."
+
+Having made some slight amends for their two days' fast, the Twenty-second
+marched through the city (without finishing their supper), having been
+ordered to support our friends, the Philadelphia battery, in a plan that
+had been formed at headquarters for cutting off a rebel detachment
+supposed to be around somewhere; a supposition that was strictly correct,
+for a very short time showed that they were _all around_ us. On the way to
+the position--refreshed and almost as good as new--uproarious cheers were
+given for the ladies of Carlisle, the Thirty-seventh, Colonel Roome, for
+everything, in fact, _except_ our Brigadier, whose approach, from that
+time forth, was the signal for the deadest kind of silence. A slight
+which, on this occasion, elicited from that neglected individual an order
+forbidding "this ridiculous (?) habit of cheering." Circumstances, you
+know, alter cases.
+
+On reaching the crest of a hill, about two and a half miles south of the
+village, the artillery was placed "in battery," while the Twenty-second,
+now pretty well filled up by the arrival of those who had given out from
+the privation and heat of the march, formed line of battle as supports,
+and it may be remarked, as an instance of the pluck and the fatigue of the
+men, that, though an engagement was momentarily expected, more than three
+quarters of the rank and file coolly lay down in their places and went to
+sleep. An hour passed, and the heavy boom of a cannon, and the explosion
+of a shell, brought even the most weary to their feet. Nothing was to be
+seen in front; but the thick columns of smoke ascending from Carlisle, the
+bright flashes of light and the frequent reports of artillery from the
+surrounding hills, showed us that the rebels had surrounded the place in
+overwhelming force, and, without affording to the helpless women and
+children an opportunity to escape, had commenced to shell the town.
+
+Fortunately the moon had not yet risen, and the dusk of the evening
+concealed us as we stealthily crept back. On arriving we learned that a
+dash of cavalry had been made into the town, the government barracks and
+the gas-house fired, and the batteries had at once opened, without further
+warning. As there were inside, at that time, not more than eight hundred
+men, and one battery of four guns, and the attacking force numbered four
+thousand, with a much heavier force of artillery, things commenced to look
+as though our present journey would be continued _via_ Richmond; but
+happily our division commander, General W. F. Smith, proved himself here,
+as everywhere else, fully equal to the emergency. While a portion of the
+Twenty-second were deployed as skirmishers on the flanks of the town,
+covered by sharpshooters, posted in the windows of the adjoining houses,
+behind which the artillery were placed, the centre of the town was
+protected by a force, mainly composed of the recent arrivals, concealed
+behind the heavy stone wall of the village cemetery. The Thirty-seventh,
+divided in like manner, were scattered around so as to make the largest
+possible show--some Reserves were also there--everywhere they should not
+have been--who were rushing around indiscriminately, and aggravating the
+Thirty-seventh tremendously by disturbing their ranks in so doing.
+
+For the purpose of protecting our flanks, it was found requisite that
+out-lying pickets or scouts should be sent as far out to the front as they
+could go, to give all the notice possible of any advance of the enemy. The
+service was one of such danger, and the assurances of being "gobbled" by
+the rebels so great, that the cavalry detailed for that duty refused to
+perform it. Colonel Aspinwall, hearing of this, offered to supply their
+places. The offer was accepted, and a detail was made from Company D, who
+were stationed in the vicinity, guarding the barricade across the road.
+The three men selected, at once advanced without hesitation, and spent the
+whole night alone, in the extreme front, patrolling the approaches; and
+performed their difficult and arduous duty in such a manner as to earn a
+special compliment from Captain King of the Fourth regulars, the division
+chief of artillery.
+
+Why our friends, the enemy, did not attack and capture the whole party of
+us remains a mystery to this day--but it is conjectured that some
+skirmishers of the Thirty-seventh, who were captured at the commencement
+of the fight, being no way daunted thereat, coolly told such huge stories
+about the First Division N. Y. S. M., as to "bluff" their captors. It was
+very evident, at least, that the rebels were wholly in the dark
+(figuratively as well as literally) respecting the position of our forces;
+and being compelled to fire at random, threw their shell around in a
+manner most disagreeable to witness from our end of their cannon. After at
+least two hours' rapid firing, the rebels sent in a flag of truce,
+demanding the surrender of the place, very kindly allowing some fifteen
+minutes for the women and children, whom they had not already killed, to
+leave the town to escape the "certain destruction" which was threatened (à
+la Beauregard) if the request was refused; but refused it was by Gen.
+Smith, in terms more forcible than polite; so the batteries reopened.
+
+It had now become a clear moonlight night; a portion of the artillery was
+so near that the commands of the officers could be distinctly heard, and
+the incessant flash and roar of the guns, the "screech" of shells flying
+overhead, and the heavy jar of their explosion among the buildings in the
+rear, seemed strangely inconsistent with the calm beauty of the scene. At
+times it seemed doubtful whether the incessant uproar was really the
+bombardment of a quiet village; for, during the momentary pauses of the
+cannonade, the chirp of the katydid, and the other peaceful sounds of a
+country summer night, were heard as though nature could not realize that
+human beings had sought that quiet spot to destroy each other.
+
+It must not be supposed that any such sentiment, or in fact any sentiment
+whatever, was exhibited on our part; quite the contrary, for as soon as it
+became evident that no immediate attack would be made, the men, whether
+crouching at the house windows, or lying on their faces in the wet grass
+of the cemetery, went to sleep with a unanimity charming to witness; the
+heaviest shelling only eliciting a growl from some discontented private,
+that "it was a blasted humbug for the rebs. to try to keep a fellar awake
+in that manner;" the remark ending generally in a prolonged snore that
+proved the unsuccessfulness of the attempt.
+
+Some time before dawn, preparations were made to receive the attack, which
+was expected to follow the instant that the first streak of daylight
+discovered our position. Officers bustled nervously around, the sleepers
+were cautiously awakened, and all stood to arms with the stern
+determination to resist to the bitter end; but judge of our gratification,
+when the shelling gradually ceased; and in a short time the announcement
+that the rebels had retreated, gave us an opportunity to look around, and
+ascertain the damages.
+
+From the incessant uproar, the scream and report of the bursting shells,
+the glare of the flames, the smashing of buildings, and the other sounds
+incident to a bombardment, which had greeted our ears during the preceding
+night, the general expectation in the morning was to find the town a heap
+of ruins, and the great majority, both of troops and inhabitants, bleeding
+in the streets.
+
+Never was there a greater mistake. It was really wonderful to think that
+so much cold iron could be fired into a place and cause so little loss of
+life and limb. To be sure much property had been destroyed, any amount of
+houses struck, many greatly damaged, and roofs and windows generally
+looked dilapidated enough; but, as in the other bombardments of the war,
+the destruction had been far from universal, and the escape of the
+occupants perfectly miraculous.
+
+The citizens, concealed in their cellars, and the soldiers lying flat
+behind the cemetery walls and in the fields, had almost entirely escaped
+the iron tempest; shells had gone under and over any amount of people, but
+had really _hit_ very few. Some of the townspeople were hurt, but the
+exact number is unknown. A few of the Reserves who were rushing around the
+streets, instead of obeying orders and keeping under cover, suffered
+heavily; the Thirty-seventh, always unlucky, had some hurt; while the
+Twenty-second, with more than their usual good fortune, got off with one
+or two slightly bruised. The rebel loss is almost unknown, but is supposed
+to have been severe.
+
+As soon as it was definitely known that the rebels had retreated, the
+brigade, dispensing with the little formality of breakfast, marched to the
+top of a hill, about a mile south of the town; and after forming line of
+battle in an oat-field, the men, exhausted by the twenty-five miles' march
+of the preceding day and the fatigue of the night, with one accord, lay
+down in the blazing sun and slept till late in the afternoon.
+
+About four o'clock some breakfast (or rather supper), in the shape of a
+little pork and potatoes, was found; but just as we were getting ready to
+eat, the dulcet notes of the "_assembly_" burst upon our unwilling ears,
+and we had to "fall in," dinner or no dinner. Of course we obeyed; but not
+relishing the idea of marching away from the only meal that had been seen
+for twenty-four hours (a thing which we had been compelled to do more than
+once before), a grand dash was made at the pans; and the regiment fell in
+and marched off, every man with a piece of pork in one hand and a potato
+in the other, eating away for dear life, and forming a _tout ensemble_ not
+often equalled.
+
+With the exception of a little picket duty, that night and the next day
+were spent in camp opposite the ruined barracks, and were devoted by all
+hands to the most energetic resting. To some, the day was blessed by the
+receipt of their overcoats and rubber blankets. Happy few! But their joy
+only made more melancholy the condition of the great majority whose
+portables still remained behind, safely stowed in Harrisburg; so safely,
+that as far as the owners were concerned, they might as well have been in
+New York; so safely, in fact, that the owners of one half of them never
+found them again. In truth, from the commencement of our "two hours" march
+until we arrived in New York (just three weeks), neither officers nor
+privates were ever enabled to change even their under clothing, but soaked
+by day and steamed by night in the suit they wore the day they started; a
+suit which, consequently, in no very long time assumed an indescribable
+color and condition. Many managed, by hook or by crook, during our
+subsequent marches, to beg, borrow, or "_win_," some rubber blankets; but
+at least one in six were without that indispensable article, whose absence
+renders camp life "a lengthened misery long drawn out," and more than one
+in four were without overcoats; while plates there were none; spoons were
+very scarce; and the use of such things as forks, combs, and even soap,
+was utterly forgotten, nor could they be procured. Soap, for instance, we
+would think could be obtained anywhere; but unfortunately the rebels
+entertained a notion that if they only washed they would be clean; an idea
+which any one, who ever saw them, will admit to be too preposterous to
+require contradiction. But preposterous or not, they acted up to it, and
+immediately on entering a place proceeded to appropriate every square inch
+of soap that could be found therein; so that when we came along a few days
+afterward, nothing saponaceous could be obtained for love or money, and in
+consequence, the absence of that essential frequently compelled us to
+imitate the habits of our "Southern brethren" much closer than was
+agreeable.
+
+Our stay in Carlisle was pleasant--_very_ pleasant--for in addition to the
+hospitable treatment we received as individuals, our regiment was honored
+by the presentation of a flag from the ladies of the city. But we could
+not stay there always; and at reveillé, on the glorious Fourth of July,
+without seeing as much as a single fire-cracker, or hearing an allusion to
+the American eagle, or the flag of our Union, we turned our backs on
+civilization and marched for the mountains, taking a bee-line for
+Gettysburg, where, although unknown to us, the greatest battle of the war
+was raging. General Smith having previously detailed the Twenty-second to
+remain as a guard for the city, we came very near being ingloriously left
+behind; but, at the urgent request of Colonel Aspinwall, and to our own
+infinite gratification, we were permitted to accompany the column to the
+front.
+
+We now formed a portion of a division commanded by Gen. W. F. Smith,
+composed of that portion of the New York militia formerly stationed in the
+vicinity of Harrisburg, and who had joined us at Carlisle, consisting, I
+believe, of the Eighth, Eleventh, and Seventy-first regiments of New York,
+the Tenth, Thirteenth, Twenty-third, Twenty-eighth, Forty-seventh,
+Fifty-second, and Fifty-sixth of Brooklyn, the Seventy-fourth and
+Seventy-fifth of Buffalo, and one or two others from the interior of the
+state, besides two Philadelphia batteries, a few Pennsylvania troops, and
+the regular cavalry from the Carlisle barracks; and from this time until
+our return our adventures became identical with those of the whole
+division.
+
+The day was clear and beautiful, the roads good, and, as we reached the
+mountains, the scenery became magnificent. General Smith himself directed
+our progress, and everything seemed propitious. By noon we had
+accomplished twelve miles almost without fatigue, and took our noonday
+rest (for under an officer who understood himself, this essential was not
+tabooed) in the shade of the woods which fringed one of the mountain
+passes, eagerly seeking information about the battle, which we now learned
+was in progress, and this time our information was from authentic sources.
+About three thousand paroled prisoners (principally of the first corps of
+the Army of the Potomac, captured in the first day's fight at Gettysburg,
+and released on the Carlisle road, because the rebels had too much on hand
+to look after prisoners), passed us during the day, in a steady stream;
+and from them we learned that we were but one day's march from the
+battlefield, and would probably be able to turn the scale of victory if we
+arrived in time.
+
+So eagerly were we engaged in discussing the chances of the battle, and
+seeking to reconcile the different accounts we received, that no one
+noticed a change in the weather, until the rapid drift of black clouds
+overhead, and the dull sighing of the trees, warned us that rain was close
+at hand; in the midst of hurried preparations it came--not a rain, but a
+deluge. Hour after hour, in steady perpendicular sheets, the rain
+descended. In vain were all the ingenious contrivances of leaves and
+boughs; in five minutes overcoats were soaked; in ten, shelter tents
+sheltered nothing but small lakes; in fifteen, even rubber blankets were
+useless; and in less than half an hour all were united in the common
+misery of a thorough ducking. In an incredibly short time, the whole scene
+was changed: what was formerly the road had been converted, by a stream
+from the hills, into a torrent mid-leg deep, through which the released
+prisoners trudged with all the coolness of veterans; the woods,
+banks--everything, was flooded with lakes and waterfalls; and in front,
+bridges rendered insecure, and fords impassable, showed what old Aquarias
+could do when he set fairly to work.
+
+One or two brigades in the advance, suspecting what was coming, pushed on
+and crossed the ford over Yellow Breeches creek before the worst had come;
+but by the time our brigade was ready to follow their example, the creek
+was no longer fordable, and we were obliged to wait some time before it
+was safe to attempt to get over; and even though the men eventually
+crossed, the baggage, on account of either the ford or the bridges, stayed
+behind; thereby acquiring a habit of doing so, which subsequently
+interfered very seriously with our comfort.
+
+After long waiting, the waters subsided sufficiently to allow us to
+proceed, and the regiment started, drenched to the skin, but glad enough
+to get anywhere, if it was only away from those woods; and pushing rapidly
+forward, a short march over flooded roads gullied by the rain, brought us
+to what was called _the ford_.
+
+The popular idea of a "ford" is a clear, shallow sheet of water, more or
+less broad;--at least we expected to see something of the kind. The actual
+ford we marched up to was a thick wood, filled with tangled thickets,
+logs, and the nameless floating things of a freshet, through which a
+mountain torrent, a hundred yards wide, tore and plunged like a mad thing.
+An hour before it would have been madness to cross; but now, by felling a
+few trees across the deepest holes, it had been made practicable, though
+exceedingly difficult, to get over. With pants rolled up as high as they
+could be coaxed (producing a most extraordinary appearance, as may well be
+imagined) the troops--by a series of climbing over the stumps, balancing
+along the slippery and unsteady logs which bridged the holes where the
+current was too swift and deep to be waded, creeping gingerly with bare
+legs through thorny thickets, and anon struggling waist-deep through the
+turbid stream, whose rapid current was filled with floating logs, which
+inflicted most grievous "wipes" on the extremities of the forders, besides
+rendering it almost impossible to stand without assistance--proceeded to
+cross.
+
+Notwithstanding the unpleasantness of the operation, the frequent duckings
+and the no less frequent bruises from stumps and floating timber, the
+sight was so supremely ridiculous that the misery was forgotten in the
+fun. Roars of laughter greeted those unfortunates--and their name was
+legion--who, in their endeavor to keep piece, cartridge-box, coat-tails
+and other "impedimenta" out of the water, forgot about their footing,
+until they were reminded by a plunge from a slippery stump, head over ears
+into the depths of the stream, that that was the first, not the last
+point, to be kept in mind.
+
+A short distance from the ford a halt was ordered, where the men collected
+as they struggled over; each company building huge fires and trying to
+render themselves a little less uncomfortable. Vain thought! Scarcely had
+the fires begun to throw a more cheerful light on the scene, when
+"Brigade, forward!" was heard from the front, and turning our backs on the
+comforts we had hoped for, we squattered up the road. "Squattered" is
+rather a singular word, but it is the only one available to describe the
+mode of progression up that road. And such a road! Considered a bad road
+in fine weather, in a region where there are _no_ good roads, the most
+vivid imagination fails to depict its present condition. It wound along
+halfway up the side of a mountain; and between the steady pour of the
+rain, filling up every gully and making a mud lake of every hole, and the
+torrents which, rushing down from above, cut it into all sorts of hollows
+and trenches, as they swept across to precipitate themselves off the other
+side into the valley beneath, it presented every combination of evils
+which could appal a weary traveler. Along this road, mill-race, slough,
+stone bed--for it was all of these by turns--we pushed forward; but the
+pen fails in the endeavor to describe that march. Many things have we
+suffered and been jolly over, but it is unanimously voted that "for good,
+square misery," the night of the 4th of July, 1863, is equaled by few and
+excelled by none in the annals of the Twenty-second regiment.
+
+As a pitchy blackness rendered everything invisible, a lantern was carried
+at the head of the column, to prevent those behind from being lost. Every
+few minutes we would be plunged into a mountain stream running across the
+road, and which could be heard falling an indefinite distance down the
+other side; wading across this, in an instant, more we would find
+ourselves struggling knee-deep in mud of an unequaled tenacity; and the
+efforts made to extricate ourselves generally resulted in getting tripped
+up by projecting roots and stumps. As those in front reached an obstacle,
+they passed the word down the line, "Stump!" "Ford!" "Stones!" "Mud-hole!"
+Frequently this latter cry became altered to "Man in a mud-hole!" "_Two_
+men in a mud-hole--look out sharp!!!"
+
+The only way in which it was possible to move was by following exactly
+behind your file-leader, if you lost sight of him you were helpless; yet,
+amid all these difficulties, we continued our march, with a calm despair
+that was prepared for anything.
+
+At eleven o'clock at night the head of the regiment halted per
+force--stuck in the mud--even the officers' horses too tired to go another
+step; the brigade itself was lost, scattered for the last three miles,
+wherever a turn or twist in the road had hid the guiding lamp; less than
+two companies were on hand, and many of their number had been left in the
+various mud "wallows" on the way; all were perfectly exhausted, so we
+camped where we stood--such camping-ground ne'er before was seen by mortal
+man--but it was Hobson's choice, that or none.
+
+Imagine a swampy, water-soaked, spungy compound of moss and mud, where the
+foot sank ankle-deep, covering a bank some twenty feet in width, which
+extended from the dense woods to the muddy road; no fence, no house for
+miles; every bit of wood and brush so soaked that one might as well have
+tried to start a fire with paving stones; and you will have a very faint
+idea of the cheerful place in which we lay down, tired, hungry, muddy, and
+wet as water could make us, to enjoy (?) a little sleep. At about one
+o'clock it commenced to rain--heavens, how it did rain! It takes
+considerable to arouse men as tired and worn out as those that lay around
+in that swamp; but one by one they got up with the melancholy confession
+that "the rain was once more too many for them." By dint of patient
+industry a fire had been made, whose ruddy blaze seemed to cheer up the
+scene a little, and clustering around it the awakened sleepers sought a
+little comfort; but it was all in vain. Another sheet of rain; and the
+fire, a moment previous, blazing breast high, was a mass of water-soaked
+embers, around which huddled, for the remainder of the night, as
+disconsolate and miserable a set of bipeds as ever was seen. During the
+whole night but one solitary laugh broke the gloomy silence. A poor
+unfortunate corporal, who had been crouching all night on the end of a
+log, wrapped up in a rubber blanket, falling asleep in the vain endeavor
+to extract a little warmth from the embers of the extinguished fire, lost
+his balance while nodding to and fro, and rolled backward, heels over
+head, into the mud and water which composed the road; whence he emerged,
+such a pale drab-colored and profane apparition, as would have drawn a
+smile from the very Genius of Despair. In this general misery, rank was
+forgotten; even our Brigadier shared our fortunes, and slept in the mud
+like the lowest private. Arising before dawn--if that term can be used
+where no one had laid down--we pushed forward; and a most tiresome
+five-mile walk through the same horrible road, now drained into a sticky
+clay mud, knee-deep, brought us to Laurel Forge, a place composed of a
+dozen huts, a big forge, and nothing else, where, at about eleven A. M.,
+we got a little something to eat, the first for more than thirty hours.
+But _our trains were behind_, broken down, stuck all along in the mud.
+This does not mean much to outsiders; but to us it meant that the shortest
+kind of short commons would be our fate in future, a prophecy which we
+found to our sorrow to be strictly correct. At about half-past eleven
+o'clock, the men having nearly all come up, and a chance having been
+afforded them to get a mouthful to eat (in consequence of the
+expostulations of the officers against the Brigadier's orders to go
+forward without waiting for food) we proceeded on our weary way; and about
+three hours' marching over very good, but awfully steep mountain roads,
+brought us to the spot designated for the division camp, where we went to
+sleep in the customary rain, which fatigue had now deprived of its powers.
+
+At this portion of the march, Judge Davies (of the New York Court of
+Appeals) who had come to the front with despatches, joined the regiment,
+and shared its fortunes in the subsequent movements until he was
+compelled to return home, after our arrival at Waynesboro'. The Judge
+seemed to take a great interest in what was transpiring; and it would have
+considerably surprised those who have only beheld him on the bench, to
+have seen him, in an old linen coat "split down behind," scouring the
+country to the right and left of the line of march, in quest of supplies
+and information for the Twenty-second; displaying, in these pursuits, the
+most invaluable talents as a forager, and a capacity for enduring hardship
+and privation which put many of his juniors to the blush.
+
+The situation of our present camp was most picturesque, the scenery
+magnificent, the mountain air bracing. There was only one drawback--that
+the few wagons that had resisted the embraces of the mud could not be
+brought up to the crest of the mountain where the camp was situated. These
+wagons contained our rations (and precious little of them too); that we
+could not live without eating, at least once a day, was made evident, even
+to the great mind that controlled us; and so, as the mountain would not
+come to Mahomet, Mahomet had to go to the mountain, and the next morning
+we marched down the other side, in imitation of the king of France, of
+pious memory, to a camp where, by hard foraging, at about one o'clock,
+P. M., we secured our breakfast of bread, apple butter and
+meat--_real meat_, and never did breakfast taste so good in all this
+world.
+
+It was well known by this time, that while we were stuck in the mud on the
+glorious Fourth, the rebels had retreated from Gettysburg, and were now
+endeavoring to escape through the mountain passes, and we were reluctantly
+compelled to abandon the hopes that had been entertained of earning
+immortal glory, by coming in at the eleventh hour to turn their defeat
+into a rout. It is evident to every one that it would have made an
+immense difference in the result of the contest, if our division of fresh
+troops, eight or ten thousand strong, could have been precipitated upon
+the flank of the rebel army, exhausted as they were by three days'
+fighting. But it was not to be; and therefore, turning away from
+Gettysburg, we bent our energies to prevent the rebels from securing the
+mountain passes. Marching hastily to one gap we would hold it, until the
+information that the rebels were going to another would cause a forced
+march for that. What would have taken place, if we had happened to strike
+a gap, just as half of Lee's army had got through, is a thing which we did
+not think about at the time, but which we now see would have been rather
+unpleasant.
+
+I will not enter upon the monotonous recital of the dreary marches that
+were performed in the three times in which we crossed the mountains, of
+the incessant rains, the horrible roads, the want of food! One meal a day
+was our usual allowance, and this generally consisted of bread (at a
+dollar a loaf), and apple butter. If we could get meat once in three days
+we accounted ourselves fortunate, and then the animal was driven into
+camp, shot, cut up, cooked and eaten in less time than it takes to write
+about it; and such meat, generally eaten without salt, was not very
+nourishing. Money was offered freely enough, but partly from the poorness
+of the country and partly from the ravages of the rebels, food could not
+be obtained. In this misery all the militia, whether New-Yorkers or
+Pennsylvanians, were common sufferers.
+
+On the 6th day of July, we marched till late at night, expecting to cut
+off the rebel wagon-train at Newman's Gap. It was as dark as Erebus, but
+the numerous lights, and the sounds that were heard as we approached,
+convinced all that the movement had been successful, perhaps a little too
+successful, for it was evident that there were more infantry than wagons
+in our front. The surgeons took possession of a house and hung out their
+flag, a few hurried preparations were made, and the regiments moved
+cautiously up, when the return of one of our scouts disclosed that the
+supposed enemy was only some of the Brooklyn regiments, who had taken a
+shorter road, and come in ahead of our brigade. Considerably disgusted at
+this intelligence, we turned off into the fields which bordered the road,
+hungry and tired enough, and slept in the long wet grass, till in the
+early gray of the morning, we were ordered to "forward."
+
+On reaching Newman's Gap, we found that Lee's rear-guard had passed
+through, about eight hours before we got there, and that the fight, so
+confidently expected at this point, was "off" for some time yet; but,
+though disappointed in this respect, we were compensated by obtaining
+something to eat; and in addition had the pleasure of having pointed out
+to us, no less than six houses, in all of which Longstreet had died the
+previous night, and two others, where he was yet lying mortally wounded.
+
+On the 7th of July, after an unusually fatiguing march over muddy roads,
+rendered almost impracticable by the passage of Lee's army, the division
+went into camp at Funkstown. The place selected was a level piece of
+ground in the midst of a beautiful grove, intersected by a rapid little
+brook, the whole forming one of the most comfortable spots imaginable.
+Rations had come up, and though we had to sleep on our arms for fear of an
+attack from Stuart's cavalry, then in our neighborhood, we lay down in
+first rate spirits and slept the sleep of the just.
+
+During the night it rained heavily; but too tired to wake up for any
+ordinary shower, we sheltered ourselves and our guns as best we might,
+and slept on. At about three o'clock it seemed as though the very
+fountains of the great deep had been broken up, and the rain came down in
+solid sheets, compelling the most tired to rise; we could stand a good
+deal, and, as one remarked, a common rain wasn't anything, but when the
+water got so deep as to cover his nose, he woke up in disgust.
+
+What a sight presented itself on rising! The beautiful grassy plain, level
+as a billiard-table, on which we had lain down so cheerfully the night
+before, was now a lake, beneath whose surface our guns, canteens, and
+other paraphernalia, were slowly disappearing; the little brook had become
+a torrent, almost equal to the far-famed Yellow Breeches, which a few
+Brooklyn boys were vainly endeavoring to ford, in order to rescue some of
+their traps swept away by its sudden overflow; the smooth grass had
+vanished, and on every side nothing was to be seen but mud, water, and wet
+and muddy soldiers.
+
+From three to eleven o'clock A. M. that rain continued with unabated
+vigor. A fire was started under the shelter of a rubber blanket, and
+coffee made, which put new life into our limbs, and we became quite jolly.
+It is a noticeable fact, that where things become perfectly awful--when
+the mud is deepest and the rain the heaviest--there the spirits of the men
+appear to rise with the difficulties of the situation (except when they
+have nothing to eat), and they apparently enjoy themselves much more than
+if they were merely suffering from a temporary annoyance; and accommodate
+themselves to circumstances as though it was rather funny than otherwise;
+nevertheless, we were not in the least displeased when the order came to
+march.
+
+On the 8th of July, the division arrived at Waynesboro', where we were
+annexed to the third brigade, second division of the sixth army corps
+(whose white cross, artistically carved out of cracker, was at once
+adopted by any quantity of the men), and in the subsequent manoeuvres
+which took place, became a part of the Army of the Potomac. We found
+Waynesboro', a pleasant little place, but so cleaned out by the rebels
+that you could not even buy a tin cup; and although our foraging parties
+scoured the country both in and outside the pickets with untiring zeal,
+the results were meagre enough; and during the three days we remained
+(most of the time expecting an attack), we had almost nothing to eat the
+first day, and but a bare sufficiency afterward.
+
+During these three days, by dint of sleeping about all the time, the
+brigade had got pretty well rested, and in the afternoon of the 11th took
+up their line of march for Maryland, in first-rate spirits.
+
+We experienced some trouble on the way, and marched and countermarched a
+good deal, losing three hours' time and our tempers, in consequence of our
+General having forgotten that, in going through a strange country, he
+couldn't get on well without providing himself with a guide; and it was
+not till after dark that we got across the Antietam at Scotland's Bridge.
+Once across, however, a pleasant moonlight march over a first-rate road,
+soon brought us to the border, and when our officers announced, "That
+house marks the line, boys!" it was with no small gratification that we
+shook off the dust from our feet, singing with great empressment the Union
+version of "Maryland--My Maryland," together with a number of parodies not
+very complimentary to the "men we left behind us."
+
+A few miles from the line, we camped by division. Many, in reading of a
+camp by division, imagine a most picturesque scene, of long lines of snowy
+tents being pitched, while trees are felled for firewood, and all sorts
+of poetic things take place. Nothing of the kind occurs. On arriving at
+the selected spot (generally a large field), the regiments file in one
+after another, taking their places in the order in which they marched, and
+break to the rear so as to form column by companies. The orders are given:
+"Halt! Stack arms! _Go for rails!!_" And every man simultaneously drops
+his traps where he stands, and makes a bee-line for the tall worm fences,
+which are vanishing in every direction, as if by magic. One of these rails
+must be contributed to the company fire, and happy is he who in addition
+to procuring his quota, can secure a couple more for himself! Serenely
+reposing on their sharp edges, covered by his rubber blanket, he defies at
+once the rain above and the mud below; or, more ambitious grown, the
+spoils of four are combined, and a shelter, à la rebel, is speedily
+constructed, which is roofed with two rubber blankets, and the proprietors
+lying underneath on the other two, are at once the admiration and envy of
+their comrades. The company rails being obtained, are split, a fire
+started, and supper cooked (if there is anything to cook), and the men,
+after smoking the pipe of peace, lie down, some around the fire, and the
+rest where they halted in the first instance, and in two minutes are fast
+asleep; blessing the memory of the discoverer of tobacco, and the man who
+invented sleep.
+
+At the first streak of daylight all are awake; a hurried breakfast is
+made, or not (generally not), ablutions are likewise dispensed with; the
+"assembly" sounds; rubbers and overcoats are hastily rolled and slung by
+those who are lucky enough to have them; a few hurried orders are passed
+along the line; the troops fall in and march off; and in half-an-hour the
+trampled ground, the ashes of numerous fires, and the ruined fences, alone
+tell that ten thousand men have camped there for the night.
+
+For some time we had been pressing hard upon the heels of Lee's retreating
+army, and at every step new signs of the rapidity of his movements were to
+be seen. He moved in three columns, the cavalry and artillery taking the
+road, and the infantry the fields on each side, through which their
+trampling had cut a path as wide as a city street, destroying the crops
+they encountered, in a way fit to bring tears into a farmer's eyes; and
+throughout the whole route, numbers of wounded men were found, left in the
+houses by the roadside, and deserters without end were encountered, while
+broken wagons, abandoned ammunition, canteens, &c., &c., were strewed on
+every side. Yet, notwithstanding these appearances of demoralization, it
+was evident, from the accounts of the country people, that, though much
+dispirited by their late defeat, the rebel army was far from being the
+mere mob that it was believed by some to be.
+
+It is true that the mountains were full of stragglers, and our cavalry
+were constantly passing us with crowds of prisoners in their charge; yet
+the main army had a good deal of fight left in it still, and when it
+turned on its pursuers, as it frequently did, like a stag at bay, it was
+not to be despised.
+
+From the formation of the ground, in that section of country, the
+retreating army derived a great advantage over their pursuers, and were
+constantly enabled to take positions too strong to be attacked with less
+than the whole Union army, and where a mere show of strength would check
+our advance; and then before Meade could concentrate his forces, Lee would
+be off. At Funkstown in particular, with the simplest materials, a steep
+slope, fronted by the Antietam, had been converted by the rebels into a
+second Fredericksburgh. This was all that saved them, for General Meade
+pressed the pursuit fast and furious.
+
+On the morning of Sunday, the 14th of July, we found ourselves at
+Cavetown, almost used up. We had had no breakfast; and, from a variety of
+causes, the march had been one of the most wearisome we had yet
+experienced. The morning was sultry and exhausting beyond expression; the
+atmosphere heavy, with that peculiar feeling which precedes a
+thunder-storm--and, in addition, our shoes were so nearly worn out that
+the sharp stones, which covered and almost paved a most abominable
+wheat-field, through which we had passed on the route, had disabled many
+whose feet were just recovering from the blisters of previous marches.
+
+As soon as we had halted, the division formed line of battle, on the rise
+of a little hill fronting Hagerstown (to act as supports to General
+Kilpatrick, who had gone forward that morning to attack it), and we then
+lay down to rest, first sending details in all directions to forage for a
+meal.
+
+While idling around, bemoaning the condition of our feet, and discussing
+the chances of capturing Hagerstown, the sultry promise of the morning was
+amply redeemed by one of the most tremendous thunder-storms ever seen; the
+rain fell in torrents (but this was a matter of course, and excited no
+remark), and the thunder pealed and the lightning flashed all around
+us--too near to some. Five men of the Fifty-sixth Brooklyn were struck,
+one of whom died instantly, and the others were badly hurt. A gun
+belonging to the Thirty-seventh was shattered to pieces by the electric
+fluid; and several men in the different regiments were reminded by slight
+shocks that the farther they kept from the stacks of arms the better.
+
+During the afternoon our ears and eyes were gladdened, the one by
+intelligence that Hagerstown had been taken after a sharp fight, the other
+by the sight of our dinner (or breakfast) coming up the road, in the shape
+of an astonished ox, who, when he threw up his head in response to the
+cheers which greeted his entré, was shot, skinned, and boiling, before he
+fairly knew what he was wanted for; and finally, the arrival and
+distribution of a case of shoes to those who were actually barefoot, put
+us all in the seventh heaven of delight. We also found some tobacco! To be
+sure it was poor stuff, apparently a villanous compound of seaweed and
+tea; but only those who have known what it is to see their stock of the
+precious weed vanish day by day, with no available means of replenishing
+it, can imagine our feelings on finding a supply, after we had been
+reduced to less than a quarter of a pound to a company.
+
+At about twelve o'clock the next day, the column camped by division, some
+three miles from General Meade's headquarters, about the same distance
+from Boonesboro', and within sight of the immense train of the reserve
+artillery, at a place where the old bivouacs of the Army of the Potomac
+filled the air with the nauseating smells invariably incident to deserted
+camps. In this delightful spot we waited for the battle which was to be
+brought on.
+
+All were in high spirits;--it was universally supposed that the rains had
+made the Potomac unfordable, "and that Lee was a goner this time sure;"
+but as hour after hour passed without a sound of the heavy cannonading
+which marks "the battle's opening roar," and rumor after rumor filled the
+air, the talk, as time lengthened, grew less and less hopeful, and finally
+during the afternoon we learned definitely that "the play was played out."
+Lee was gone, boots and baggage, and our hopes of taking a hand in the
+contest which would probably have decided the war, were gone with him.
+Perhaps it was all for the best. If Lee gave battle, it would be on
+selected ground, against weary troops, where every man in the rebel army
+knew he was fighting with no hope of escape, and would consequently
+resist to the utmost; under these circumstances, the contest, if not
+doubtful, would unquestionably have been bloody beyond all precedent; and
+many desolated homes, and empty places in the armories of the Empire City,
+would have mourned for those who would return no more.
+
+We were now in the midst of the Army of the Potomac, and it is difficult
+for those inexperienced in such matters to form the least conception of
+the vast bulk of men and material which contribute to form that
+organization; yet, huge as it was, no confusion was visible, and
+everything went like clockwork, even during the difficulties of that
+hurried pursuit.
+
+We only wished that the same could be said of us, but so far was this from
+being the case, that it was remarked by a regular officer that there was
+more destitution and suffering among our little division than among the
+whole Army of the Potomac, and no one acquainted with the facts can deny
+the correctness of the assertion.
+
+It is impossible to express what a relief it was when we once became
+incorporated with this army; for to enter it, was coming once more from
+the scarcity and make-shifts of the backwoods, into the light of
+civilization. We found ourselves again among newspapers, and
+sutlers--people who could change a two-dollar bill and had things to sell;
+where greenbacks yet served as a medium of exchange, and provision trains
+were not more than two days behind time; and in our exultation, we even
+began to entertain vague hopes that, in the progress of events, our
+letters might be possibly forthcoming. It was now more than two weeks
+since a word of news had been heard, either from home or abroad; and we
+naturally were exceedingly anxious for a little information about matters
+and things in general. Our ignorance was painful on almost every subject.
+Vicksburg, we knew, had been captured, but this was all; and even the
+battle of Gettysburg, fought right under our noses, and a common topic of
+conversation, was to us "a tale untold."
+
+On the 15th of July, our time was up, the rebels gone, and there being
+nothing more that we could do, General Meade told us "he was much obliged
+and we could go." So, bidding General Smith a cordial good-by, we took up
+our line of march for Frederick City, _and home_; first, however, going a
+long way in the wrong direction, and having to countermarch back. This was
+nothing new, however, for, whether it was owing to ill luck, bad guides,
+indefinite orders, or stupidity, something of the kind took place at every
+movement that was ordered. The brigade never turned down a side-road, or
+took an unusual direction, without a general grumble arising--"Wrong road,
+of course! see if we don't have to go back in a few minutes,"--and we
+generally did. In truth, we went back so often, that we began to hate the
+very word "countermarch."
+
+It is presumed that those in authority had been informed by telegraph
+respecting the riots in New York; but the first that the subordinates knew
+about the matter was, on obtaining, on the march, that memorable Herald,
+describing how the "military fired on the _people_." If any of the editors
+of that veracious journal had happened to be in our vicinity about that
+period, it is more than probable that they would have been furnished with
+a practical illustration of their text, for a more angry set of men than
+the first division N. Y. S. M., never was seen.
+
+It was sufficiently galling to know, that while we were away enduring all
+sorts of hardships to expel the rebels from Northern soil, an infamous set
+of copperheads had undertaken a counter-revolution in our very homes; and
+the additional reflection of the opportunity it would give our
+Pennsylvania friends to depreciate our state, lent the account an
+additional sting. That day was the first, and we hope the only time in our
+lives, that any one was heard to say that he felt ashamed to think that he
+was born in the city of New York.
+
+As may well be imagined, this intelligence, and the pleasing uncertainty
+existing in our minds respecting the welfare of our friends and homes,
+considerably accelerated our desire to get home again; and we pushed
+vigorously down the Fredericksburgh pike, breathing prayers, the reverse
+of benevolent, for the welfare of the rioters--until we could attend to
+them in person. Under any other circumstances it would have been a
+beautiful march; although oppressively hot in the early part of the day,
+the weather afterward was all that could be desired. The road was wide,
+smooth--tremendously hard, to be sure, for feet, as sore and badly shod as
+ours, and in its windings through the passes of the South Mountain,
+traversing a few more hills than were strictly agreeable--yet more
+beautiful scenery than it presents to the eye of the traveler can rarely
+be found.
+
+That country is all historic ground. Those white boards on the right,
+"covering many a rood," marked the last resting-places of the thousands of
+unknown heroes who sealed their patriotism with their blood in the battle
+of South Mountain; and all along the stone fences and among the trees on
+the left, the frequent bullet-marks tell how hot the conflict raged a year
+ago; for every foot of land for twenty miles around has been a
+battle-ground for the contending forces.
+
+About sun-down we arrived at Frederick City, a bustling little place, full
+of soldiers, and with a large sprinkling of the fair sex, who, contrary to
+the experience of last year, loyally applauded the passing troops. Many
+would class it as a "one-horse town," but to us it appeared a little
+paradise. It was a place where you could buy things, and although our
+predecessors turned up their aristocratic noses at the food there
+procurable, _our_ only grievance was that we could not get any of it.
+Expecting to start directly for home, the division, without halting,
+continued its march through the city to within a quarter of a mile of the
+railroad depôt, which, for some unknown reason, is situated about three
+miles from the city, but, as usual, we were doomed to disappointment;
+whether the cars were ready or not, I cannot say; but, after a long
+consultation among the officers, it was settled that we could go no
+further, and at about eight o'clock we went into camp; having completed a
+march of over twenty-five miles since breakfast, with little or no
+straggling. This, we consider, is doing pretty well for militia.
+
+The next day we "loafed," resting under the trees and devouring the stock
+in trade of the sutlers who had come down to see us, restlessly waiting
+all day under orders to be ready to start at a moment's notice.
+
+At about six P. M., the Thirty-seventh and Eleventh struck camp and
+marched off for the cars, amid the cheering of the whole division; but no
+orders came for us, and after waiting till half-past nine P. M., we went
+to sleep. At exactly eleven o'clock an orderly dashed up: "The regiment
+was to take the cars forthwith." The word passed from mouth to mouth like
+lightning, and in less than no time the men were awakened, formed, and
+marching off "for home."
+
+We had to go precisely a quarter of a mile and get into the cars which had
+been standing all day on the track; and how long can any outsider,
+unacquainted with military manoeuvres, imagine it took to get us on
+board? Not an hour, nor half an hour, but _five hours and a half_, by
+the watch, elapsed from the time we started till we got into those cars;
+and as it was raining in torrents all the while, it is not difficult to
+imagine the benedictions that were freely bestowed on every one supposed
+to be concerned in the matter. When we had gone about a hundred yards from
+camp the order came to "halt." After a little time we were told to "rest."
+Seeing no signs of a movement, and a heavy rain having come up, the boys
+unrolled their rubber blankets, and the cooler hands wrapped themselves up
+and lay down to sleep in the middle of the road, while the others took it
+out in swearing. In about an hour "Fall in!" was heard. We woke up, shook
+ourselves, and marched another hundred yards, where the same scene was
+repeated. Marching off the third time, we turned away from the main road
+and struck along the field to the depot, thinking we were off this time,
+_sure_. Vain thought! When we got on the bank, overlooking the railroad
+track, not a car was to be seen, and there we stood in the midst of a
+drenching rain, on a slippery clay slope where it was impossible to sit
+down, tired and sleepy as men could well be, for nearly two hours before
+the cars, after a little eternity of backing and switching, were
+pronounced ready for us. The moment the cars were reached every one threw
+himself on the floor, and, in spite of wet clothes, dirty floors, and
+leaky roofs, knew nothing more till daylight dawned on us entering
+Baltimore.
+
+With the mention of the word _Baltimore_, the word _breakfast_ is
+intimately associated in our minds.
+
+Oh! that first good civilized breakfast, with forks and chairs, and the
+other appliances of civilized life--the pen fails in the endeavor to do
+justice to that repast!
+
+Yet in spite of the threats that were made of the quantities that would be
+eaten; and although it was near one o'clock before we sat down, we were
+disgusted to find our systems so disorganized by a habit of taking
+breakfast late in the afternoon, and omitting the other meals altogether,
+that half the things that were ordered could not be disposed of; in fact,
+it was at least three days after our return to the bosom of our families,
+before we could manage three regular meals a day, without feeling
+uncomfortable; but this sensation soon wore off, and when it did, ample
+amends were made by all, for past abstinence.
+
+From Baltimore to New York was a short and uneventful journey, and on the
+18th day of July we found ourselves swinging up Broadway, glad to be home
+once more, but sorry enough to think that we were denied the pleasure of a
+shot at the rioters in general, and our worthy ex-mayor in particular. And
+although a long and aggravating tour of duty at home was still before us,
+here ended our eventful campaign.
+
+It has been a favorite argument against the militia organizations, to
+decry them as Broadway troops, good for playing soldier, but who would be
+found wanting if subjected to the stern realities of a soldier's life.
+This test has now been made, and the New York militia can proudly point to
+their record.
+
+Marching one hundred and seventy miles in less than three weeks, in the
+most inclement weather, through mountain passes and over abominable roads,
+on ten days' rations, without a change of clothing, in expectation of an
+attack at any moment (our regiment alone forming line of battle over
+nineteen times), they point with pride to the thanks tendered to them by
+General Meade in his official report, and claim that they have done all
+that could be expected of them--if not more; and although smarting under
+the usage they received from those they went to protect, they stand ready,
+if an occasion of similar emergency should again arise, to meet again the
+same hardships, and undergo the same labors; but the next time we hope to
+be directed by generals who know _a little_ about the details of their
+business, and will not have to learn at our expense.
+
+It is an elementary maxim that soldiers will not serve with any credit
+under a man they do not respect; and when they find their leaders ignorant
+of the first rules of military life, obliged to ask information from
+subordinates, and constantly sneered at as ignoramuses by those who _do_
+know what they are about, they speedily become discontented and
+suspicious, and in that condition are worse than useless.
+
+Our Colonel and other officers had learned their duty in previous
+campaigns; and by the manner in which they handled their men, and the care
+with which they regarded their welfare, earned at once the gratitude and
+respect of their command. And this remark is also true of such men as
+Colonel Roome of the Thirty-seventh, and Colonel Maidhoff of the Eleventh.
+But what would have happened to the militia generally, and to our brigade
+in particular, if it had not been for their regimental officers, it is
+difficult to foresee. When we think of what did take place, and what might
+have taken place, the New York militia fervently pray,
+
+"From long marches, wet weather, short commons, and militia generals, good
+Lord deliver us."
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Passages in italics are indicated by _underscore_.
+
+The following misprints have been corrected:
+  "cautionsly" corrected to "cautiously" (page 9)
+  "June" corrected to "July" (page 39)
+  "and and" corrected to "and" (page 44)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second
+Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863, by George W. Wingate
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAST CAMPAIGN OF 22ND REGIMENT ***
+
+***** This file should be named 32013-8.txt or 32013-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/0/1/32013/
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/32013-8.zip b/32013-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7a59e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/32013-8.zip
diff --git a/32013-h.zip b/32013-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b06116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/32013-h.zip
diff --git a/32013-h/32013-h.htm b/32013-h/32013-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbe47f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/32013-h/32013-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,1817 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second Regiment, N. G., S. N. Y. June and July, 1863, by George Wood Wingate.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+    p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em;}
+
+    h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center; clear: both;}
+
+    hr {width: 33%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;}
+
+    body {margin-left: 12%; margin-right: 12%;}
+
+    .pagenum {position: absolute; left: 92%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right; font-style: normal;}
+
+    .center {text-align: center;}
+    .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;}
+    .smcaplc {text-transform: lowercase; font-variant: small-caps;}
+
+    ins.correction {text-decoration:none; border-bottom: thin solid gray;}
+
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second
+Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863, by George W. Wingate
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863
+
+Author: George W. Wingate
+
+Release Date: April 16, 2010 [EBook #32013]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAST CAMPAIGN OF 22ND REGIMENT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>THE</h4>
+<h4>LAST CAMPAIGN</h4>
+<h4>OF THE</h4>
+<h2>TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT,</h2>
+<h2>N. G., S. N. Y.</h2>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>JUNE AND JULY, 1863.</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h5>New York:<br />
+C. S. WESTCOTT &amp; CO., PRINTERS,<br />
+<span class="smcap">No. 79 John Street.</span><br />
+1864.</h5>
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">Entered according to the act of Congress, in the year 1864,</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By</span> GEORGE W. WINGATE,</p>
+<p class="center">in the Clerk&#8217;s office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE LAST CAMPAIGN OF THE</h2>
+<h3>Twenty-second Regiment N. G., S. N. Y.</h3>
+
+<p>On the 18th of June, 1863, it having been definitely ascertained that the
+rebel horde had invaded Pennsylvania in force, the call of the President
+was issued to the Empire State, and her militia, leaving everything as it
+stood&mdash;their books unclosed, their ploughs in the furrow&mdash;hurried eagerly
+forward in response, to unite in the defence of our sister State. All day
+long blue and gray uniforms were dashing frantically backward and forward
+through the streets, and in and out of the various armories of the city,
+in search of essentials found missing at the last moment; and in military
+circles the flurry and commotion were indescribable, particularly at the
+Palace Garden in Fourteenth street, where the Twenty-second regiment
+N. G., S. N. Y., assembling in great haste, were preparing to be &#8220;off to
+the war&#8221; on their second campaign.</p>
+
+<p>At last the manifold preparations were completed, and amid tumultuous
+cheering, the fluttering of handkerchiefs, the ringing of bells, and the
+thousand bewildering noises of an enthusiastic crowd, the regiment formed
+and marched away&mdash;where to, none knew and none cared, so long as they were
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>doing their country a service.</p>
+
+<p>That night was spent in the cattle-cars of the Camden and Amboy Railroad,
+and the next morning found us entering the City of Brotherly Love, through
+which, after being fed and washed at the immortal &#8220;Cooper Shop,&#8221; we took
+our way for the capital of the state, cheered on by an enthusiastic
+ovation from the citizens, whose noble behavior and unstinted hospitality
+to the thousands of soldiers who have passed through the city since the
+beginning of the war, has obtained for Philadelphia the well-earned
+reputation of being the most patriotic city in the Union.</p>
+
+<p>The distance from New York to Harrisburg, I believe, may be usually
+traversed in about eight hours, but (as there was a great need of men),
+the regiment was kept precisely three days in cattle-cars before being
+deposited at its destination, no insignificant omen of the fate that
+awaited its members in the future. Finally, after an immensity of
+tribulation, we got to Harrisburg, and spent the last of these three days
+quietly lying alongside of Camp Curtin; this camp, so celebrated in
+Pennsylvania annals, is a wide level expanse, in the vicinity of the city,
+and was then crowded with the newly-raised militia, whose general
+appearance and condition did not inspire us with that exalted idea of
+their efficiency that the newspapers seemed to have; on the contrary, it
+seemed to us, that a more indifferent, lazy, uncouth-looking set never was
+seen outside of rebeldom; but as their ideas of hospitality toward us were
+demonstrated in copperhead talk and chaffing us with hard names, these
+views may be prejudiced. At some distance from Camp Curtin, however, were
+a couple of batteries and some troops from Philadelphia, who really looked
+like soldiers, and whose appearance inspired the &#8220;Yorkers&#8221; with a feeling
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>of respect which further acquaintance did not dispel.</p>
+
+<p>But notwithstanding the society, the time hung heavy on our hands, and it
+was no small relief, when, during the latter part of the afternoon, we
+were sent across the Susquehanna, some of us into the fortifications, and
+the others, including the Twenty-second, to camps in the different places
+near the river, to protect the various approaches and fords in the
+neighborhood of the city.</p>
+
+<p>It was growing dusky as we arrived at our selected camp-grounds, and, as
+it was a singular characteristic of the climate of Pennsylvania during our
+brief sojourn, that darkness is synonymous with rain (for the sun scarcely
+ever went down before the elements were imitating the movement), it
+accordingly commenced to rain, and by the time it was fairly dark a heavy
+storm was raging.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately, an immense empty barn was at hand, into which the regiment
+wedged themselves, like sardines in a box, so tight, in fact, that those
+unfortunates who happened to find themselves under a leak in the roof&mdash;and
+there were many such&mdash;had to remain quiet under their douche, and take it
+coolly for the whole night. The Eleventh and one or two other regiments,
+being without either barn or tents, were obliged to sleep in the woods all
+night without any protection whatever, and were consequently regarded as
+suffering martyrs by all the rest of us, who wondered how they could
+possibly have lived through it.</p>
+
+<p>Little did those think who shuddered when they talked about sleeping in
+the rain without cover, that in a very short time they would be doing that
+very thing themselves, and come to regard it as a mere matter of course,
+inconvenient to be sure, but so commonplace as to be hardly worth
+mentioning.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning, having pitched our tents, we entered upon the usual
+routine of camp life, humdrum to the last<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> extent. Hot as an oven, stupid
+and monotonous as a prison, the first few days passed quietly enough. It
+is true that the roofs and spires of the capital of Pennsylvania, which we
+had come to defend, were in plain sight, but a very few visits there,
+combined with the chilling reception we received in passing through it,
+put an effectual quietus on our hopes of the good time that was coming.
+Little bills, and big stories of little bills, for necessary purchases;
+fifteen cents for a cup of (rye) coffee, and other things in proportion,
+the general indifference of the inhabitants as to which side won in the
+contest which was impending, and the other annoyances which have been so
+fully ventilated in the New York newspapers, in a very short time
+destroyed the clamor for passes, and rendered useless the complicated
+system of signatures which had been devised to prevent the expected rush
+for those documents.</p>
+
+<p>By-and-by we were regaled by perusing in the New York papers the most
+astounding accounts of the dangers of our position, and of the uprising of
+Pennsylvania; unquestionably it was all true, but we hadn&#8217;t seen anything
+of the kind yet. Still, while laughing over much that we read, we could
+not help noticing, that as time wore on, a stream of skedaddlers, small at
+first, but rapidly increasing, was sweeping by the camp; and in a short
+time crowds of able-bodied natives, driving their flocks and herds, and
+followed by wagons heaped mountain high with their most precious household
+goods, blocked up every road leading into the city, and showed that the
+enemy were rapidly approaching.</p>
+
+<p>Things, however, remained quiet, as far as we were concerned, but it was
+only the quiet which portends the storm. A night alarm, caused by the
+guard and pickets firing on spies escaping from the camp under cover of
+the darkness, more spies, both male and female, in the guard-house, more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>
+cattle, more scared natives rushing by as though a second exodus was at
+hand, soon put us on the alert.</p>
+
+<p>On Saturday, the 27th of June, that portion of the regiment not on picket
+was hastily marched down the turnpike, and set at work throwing up a line
+of rifle pits, to cover the road up which the enemy were now rapidly
+advancing, report said, only four miles off; but as companies C (Capt.
+Post), and G (Capt. Howland), had been previously sent some five miles
+down the same road as pickets, and had not yet been driven in, we took
+these figures with a slight discount. There was no question, however, but
+that they were near enough, and we dug away for dear life, from eleven <span class="smcaplc">A.
+M.</span> to two <span class="smcaplc">P. M.</span> (and the Sixty-ninth may be safely defied to produce a
+bigger hole than we had finished at that time); and in consideration of
+these unparalleled exertions, those in authority kindly allowed us to rest
+our wearied limbs&mdash;by chopping down a good-sized forest, which interfered
+with the range of the artillery.</p>
+
+<p>Now, digging rifle pits in a hot sun is so very much like excavating a
+sewer, that axe-work was fun itself compared with it, so the boys,
+dropping their spades for axes, went to work with a <i>vim</i>, Col. Aspinwall
+himself setting the example, while each company did its best to outdo the
+others; and soon the big hickories, two and three feet in diameter, were
+crashing in all directions, shaking the very ground with their fall. This,
+by-the-by, was the &#8220;heavy cannonading at Harrisburg,&#8221; which was
+telegraphed on to the New York papers, where it greeted our wondering eyes
+in print the next afternoon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Of course</i> the people of the vicinity lent their experienced arms to
+assist in obstructing the march of the enemy; the deputation of patriots
+present, up to seven o&#8217;clock <span class="smcaplc">P. M.</span>, numbering precisely four (and two of
+these were blacks, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> none the worse choppers for that). After that
+hour, through the earnest solicitations of a guard despatched by Colonel
+Aspinwall, whose fixed bayonets presented an unanswerable argument, the
+surrounding male population volunteered (?) their aid and axes towards the
+completion of the work, while the tired troops sought their tents to
+sleep.</p>
+
+<p>No alarm broke the stillness of the night, and the regiment assembled the
+next (Sunday) morning in front of the Colonel&#8217;s tent for religious
+services, feeling rather more disposed to be pious than usual, for none
+knew what might occur before another day was passed.</p>
+
+<p>Those services never took place. The men were assembled, the prayer-books
+distributed, the Chaplain had risen and was on the point of announcing his
+text, when the Colonel dashed up at full gallop, with the order&mdash;&#8220;Go back
+to your company &#8216;streets,&#8217; and strike tents at once!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The men rushed back to their quarters, and preparations for breaking camp
+went on in the greatest possible haste, in the midst of which the Chaplain
+disappeared for parts unknown, and we never laid eyes on him from that day
+to this.</p>
+
+<p>Company D (Capt. Thornell) was here ordered down to relieve the companies
+on picket, and in obedience to subsequent orders threw up a line of
+rifle-pits across the road, to defend the position to which they had been
+ordered; where they remained, lying on their arms, until they were called
+in on the morning of the 30th.</p>
+
+<p>In a few minutes the camp was struck, and we were marching off, little
+thinking, as we took our leave of the pleasant spot where our nice new
+tents were being loaded in wagons pressed for the occasion, of the length
+of time that would elapse before our heads would get under their (or any
+other) shelter again&mdash;perhaps, if we had, the leave-taking would have been
+more affecting.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>While one half of the remaining portion of the regiment was ordered to
+hold the rifle-pits, the remainder marched to Bridgeport Station opposite
+Harrisburg, and proceeded to barricade several houses commanding the
+approaches to the beautiful railroad bridge erected at this point, with as
+much industry as though they had not done a thing for a week. Companies A
+(then commanded by Lieut. Franklin, Capt. Otis being temporarily absent)
+and I (Capt. Gardiner), with beams, barrels of earth, bundles of lath,
+railroad sleepers and sand-bags, by ten o&#8217;clock <span class="smcaplc">P. M.</span>, had converted the
+engine-house in which they were stationed into a loopholed and casemated
+battery to protect two pieces of the Eighth N. Y. troop, placed there to
+rake the railroad. In the more laborious parts of this work, lifting
+railroad sleepers and carrying sand-bags, they were assisted by a
+detachment of negroes from the large body at work on the fortifications,
+and it was really touching to see the patient, uncomplaining way in which
+these poor men worked. All the preceding night and day with scanty
+covering they had toiled, digging, carrying heavy beams and sand-bags, and
+though almost wearied out, without the slightest compulsion, without the
+use of a single harsh word from their overseer, they still continued. The
+white volunteers from Harrisburg had long since abandoned the toilsome
+work; the weary soldiers stopped at nine o&#8217;clock; but the negroes kept on.</p>
+
+<p>At twelve o&#8217;clock <span class="smcaplc">P. M.</span>, the Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh, were
+<ins class="correction" title="original reads 'cautionsly'">cautiously</ins> awakened and marched stealthily out to cut off the enemy&#8217;s
+advanced guard, reported to be reconnoitring in our front. It was an
+imposing sight to see the long column dimly and silently winding down the
+roads and through the varying shadows of the night. Not a sound was
+heard&mdash;orders were given in a whisper; and as we drew nearer the enemy&#8217;s
+position, the silence was so profound that the heavy breathing of the men
+was distinctly audible.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>After a long march, whispered orders were passed down the line, and amid a
+death-like silence we halted and formed line of battle, fixing bayonets,
+and freshly capping our pieces in readiness for instant service. Every eye
+was strained through the darkness to discern the patrols of the enemy in
+the wavering shadows of the woods and fields, and every ear was stretched
+to its utmost tension to catch the expected challenge. But the silence was
+unbroken, and after a few moments&#8217; halt the column proceeded, feeling
+their way with the utmost caution, and expecting at every instant to hear
+the volley which would announce that the advanced pickets had been
+encountered; but our caution was unnecessary, the enemy had fallen back
+and there was nothing to be seen.</p>
+
+<p>The movement was splendidly managed, and only wanted one thing to be a
+magnificent success, that was&mdash;an enemy. &#8220;As there wasn&#8217;t anybody to be
+captured, we could not capture anybody;&#8221; so after marching out some five
+miles past the pickets, we returned without seeing anything, and at five
+<span class="smcaplc">A. M.</span> lay down by the railroad track to catch a few minutes&#8217; rest. Company
+B (Capt. Remmey), were not allowed even this rest; but were obliged to
+return to the picket station, down the New Cumberland road from which they
+had been recalled to join in the expedition, and which they did not reach
+until after seven o&#8217;clock.</p>
+
+<p>The next day was spent in line of battle, waiting for an attack; but the
+rebels kindly allowed us to rest during the day, and to &#8220;turn in&#8221; at our
+usual hour at night, without molestation, for which we were exceedingly
+obliged to them.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime the preparations for the defence of Harrisburg went on
+with all possible speed; by this time the fortifications erected there
+were quite extensive, and it is probable that their looks went far toward
+dampening the ardor of the &#8220;Confeds.&#8221; But it seemed to us that in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> the
+incessant hurry and bustle that were going on around, there was a great
+want of system; that there was no great mind overseeing everything, and
+watching that the right man was in the right place. Much of this is
+certainly unavoidable. A general cannot see everything done with his own
+eyes, but still the unusual manner in which things were managed&mdash;the
+rushing at a thing for half a day, then leaving that unfinished, and going
+at something else; the subordinates at a loss for orders, and almost every
+one doing what seemed right in his own eyes&mdash;was the subject of frequent
+comment, especially among the &#8220;thinking bayonets&#8221; of the rank and file.
+But in justice it must be said that their opportunities of judging were
+very limited.</p>
+
+<p>At about ten o&#8217;clock on the morning of the 30th of June, an order came
+from the General commanding, for the Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh New
+York to prepare for a <i>two-hours&#8217;</i> march, nothing to be carried but
+canteens. A hasty roll of the drum, a few hurried orders from the company
+officers, the line was formed, and in less than fifteen minutes the
+regiments were off, leaving everything behind them. They have not got back
+from that two hours&#8217; march yet!</p>
+
+<p>After marching and counter-marching all over the country for some fourteen
+miles, the brigade, in the afternoon, encountered the enemy near Sporting
+Hill or Hampden, and quite a smart engagement ensued, the Twenty-second,
+supported by some Pennsylvania cavalry (who skedaddled at the first
+shell), advancing through woods and wheat-fields on the left&mdash;Co. A (Capt.
+Otis), being detached as a reconnoitring party to cover that flank in the
+advance&mdash;while the Thirty-seventh advanced on the right, as skirmishers,
+the Philadelphia battery having the centre. At first, a portion of the
+rebels, posted in one of the immense barns for which Pennsylvania is so
+celebrated, was enabled to annoy the brigade<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> considerably, wounding a
+lieutenant and several others of the Thirty-seventh; but they were finally
+compelled to evacuate, and in a very short time their artillery was
+silenced, and they were in full retreat along the whole length of the
+line. This success must be ascribed in a great measure to the gallant
+conduct of the Philadelphia battery, which, as far as we were able to see,
+was unquestionably the most efficient of the organizations, that the
+invasion of her soil had elicited from Pennsylvania patriotism; and in the
+eyes of our boys, the Philadelphians therefore stood very high.</p>
+
+<p>In this affair the rebels lost some fifteen killed, and twenty or thirty
+wounded (this being the account given by themselves to the farmers in the
+vicinity). The Union loss was very slight, though, as usual, there were
+all sorts of semi-miraculous escapes. After a short pursuit, the approach
+of darkness admonished us of the necessity of caution; a halt was
+therefore ordered, and in a short time orders came to go back to camp.
+Full of life and spirits, although considerably exhausted by the fatigues
+of the day, the brigade took up their line of march for Bridgeport. A
+wagon filled with provisions, belonging to the Twenty-second, had been
+sent out from the latter place to meet the column as soon as it was known
+that there had been a &#8220;scrimmage,&#8221; and hearing of the return of the
+troops, those in charge had halted when some six miles out, and were
+busily engaged in preparing supper. Orders, however, were sent forward to
+repack and hurry everything back, so that the men would have supper ready
+on their arrival in camp.</p>
+
+<p>Supper! how the word put fresh vigor into weary limbs, and kept up the
+flagging spirits. No one can know, till he has tried, what a difference it
+makes in the marching powers whether, after a prolonged fast, you are
+proceeding <i>toward</i> your supper or <i>away</i> from it.</p>
+
+<p>While we were marching merrily along, suddenly the order<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> came to <i>halt</i>!
+<i>Rest.</i> And then it was discovered that, for some unknown reason, the
+powers that be had decreed that the brigade should spend the night where
+they were; and there, drenched with perspiration, without rubber blankets,
+haversacks&mdash;anything, in the wet grass by the side of the road, in the
+midst of a drizzling rain, they lay down to sleep, about as uncomfortable
+as men could well be.</p>
+
+<p>When the wagon came up, a little coffee and hard tack were dealt out, but
+as this event did not take place till about two o&#8217;clock in the morning,
+the number of those who could keep awake to wait for it was very limited.
+At daylight in the morning, three crackers per man and <i>no</i> coffee
+composed a light and frugal repast, on which we started on our first long
+march.</p>
+
+<p>At about four <span class="smcaplc">A. M.</span>, the regiments were massed in column to hear a speech
+from their Brigadier; but it was lamentably evident that, however skilled
+in the art of war he might be, the mantle of eloquence had never fallen on
+his shoulders. He stated to the men that <i>he</i> had endured as much as they
+had, slept and eaten as little; that <i>he</i> (on horseback) didn&#8217;t feel
+tired, and therefore they (on foot) shouldn&#8217;t; that <i>he</i> (on horseback)
+could go to Carlisle, and therefore they could.</p>
+
+<p>Now as no one had objected, or in fact knew, that we were going to
+Carlisle at all, this assumption that we were trying to shirk our duty, at
+a time when all were flattering themselves for making extraordinary
+sacrifices, did not add many to the rapidly diminishing circle of the
+General&#8217;s admirers.</p>
+
+<p>At the time of starting, and for some time afterwards, it was supposed
+that Carlisle was in possession of the rebels, and that we would have to
+fight our way through. Skirmishers were therefore thrown out, and the
+column, composed of one (I) company of the Twenty-second as an advanced<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>
+guard, another (B) company deployed as skirmishers, then the
+Thirty-seventh and Twenty-second (Col. Roome being senior to Col.
+Aspinwall) moved cautiously forward; but after going some five or six
+miles the skirmishers were drawn in, information having been received from
+paroled prisoners and farmers that the enemy had left the town (though
+their pickets were still in the immediate vicinity), and we proceeded
+without any precautions whatever.</p>
+
+<p>The day was beautiful, though rapidly becoming too warm for comfort, and
+the route lay through a most lovely country. Scarcely anywhere can the eye
+rest on finer scenery, more beautiful fields, more comfortable houses, or
+more magnificent barns (for magnificent is the only adjective applicable
+to those structures) than those of southern Pennsylvania. But alas! the
+houses were deserted, the farms pillaged&mdash;everything of value, everything
+that could walk, or be eaten, or&mdash;stolen, was gone&mdash;swept away by the
+invader, and the peaceful population driven from their homes by the
+ruthless hand of war.</p>
+
+<p>A few hours&#8217; marching brought us past the scene of yesterday&#8217;s
+&#8220;scrimmage,&#8221; and enlivened by the prospect of another fight, as the
+fatigue and stiffness of the previous night wore off, the echoes of song
+and laughter floated down the column, taken up and re-echoed from company
+to company till they died away in the distance, &#8220;and all went merry as a
+marriage bell&#8221;&mdash;for a time.</p>
+
+<p>The roads were good, the air pure, the halts frequent&mdash;there was nothing
+to find fault with. The people, hitherto the only objectionable feature of
+the country, were as kind and hospitable as we could desire; and in
+Hogestown, a little village on the &#8220;pike,&#8221; and all along the road,
+wherever there were occupied houses, the women (and very pretty women some
+of them were, too) turned out <i>en masse</i>, with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> trays of bread and apple
+butter, and buckets of cool spring water, to help along the tired troops.
+A happy contrast with the customs of the capital we had left behind us.</p>
+
+<p>A regiment of Reserves, who had started fresh and well-fed from Harrisburg
+that morning, and had gained on us while we were retarded by the slow
+progress of the skirmishers through the tall grain and tangled wheat,
+hurried up when the rumor began to spread that Carlisle was evacuated, and
+in a manner displaying equal ignorance of the rules of war and politeness,
+undertook to push their way through the brigade, &#8220;to get in ahead of the
+Yorkers,&#8221; and win the honors of the victory from those who had borne the
+burden and heat of the day. In attempting this they soon found that they
+had calculated without their host, and that the commanding officers of the
+Twenty-second had cut their eyeteeth long before putting foot in
+Pennsylvania. When they pushed up on the right, the head of the column
+gently obliqued that way; if they changed around, a simple &#8220;left oblique&#8221;
+rendered the movement needless; and when they attempted by high strategy
+to come up on <i>both</i> sides, the order, &#8220;<i>By company into line</i>,&#8221; filled
+the road from fence to fence with a solid front of men, who serenely swept
+forward, refusing to budge from their path for all the &#8220;preserves&#8221; &#8220;ever
+pickled.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Then, letting down the fences, they took to the fields, and attempted to
+get by that way. At the sight of this a wild cry of &#8220;double quick&#8221; went up
+from the rear to the front of the column, and breaking into a &#8220;double&#8221; the
+brigade swept on for a mile or more, leaving their followers vanishing in
+their rear, whence, either from their being exhausted, or from hearing
+that the rebels had <i>not</i> left Carlisle, they never emerged to trouble us.</p>
+
+<p>We had heard, it is true, from passing buggies, and straggling<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> squads of
+paroled prisoners, that the village itself had been evacuated; but all had
+united in asserting that the rebels were still very near, several stating
+that they were just on the outskirts of the place. Under these
+circumstances an ordinary mind would think that there was no necessity for
+hurrying. The Reserves were &#8220;gone in,&#8221; and if there was the least danger,
+common sense required that the men should be brought into the city as
+fresh as possible; but our commander did not see things in that light, and
+consequently walked deliberately into a trap, which came within a hair&#8217;s
+breadth of proving fatal to the whole command.</p>
+
+<p>The skirmishers had been called in before this, and the march had been
+rapid; it now became &#8220;<i>forced</i>.&#8221; That meant, in this instance, a march
+pursued without regard to the health, comfort or fatigue of the troops,
+against the expostulations of the surgeons; where speed is such an object
+that everything must be disregarded, and well or ill, suffering or not,
+the men must push on.</p>
+
+<p>And we did push on, and from our halt, more than ten miles from Carlisle,
+till we prepared to meet the enemy in the city, no rest was allowed. When
+we arrived at Kingston, a small but patriotic village on the road, where
+the women stood at their doors with piles of bread and apple butter, all
+expected, as a matter of course, that we would be allowed to rest and eat
+something; but notwithstanding that no rations had been received since the
+morning of the previous day, (except a little bread obtained by a few of
+the lucky ones at Hogestown), and although it was now noon, yet our
+Brigadier refused to allow a moment&#8217;s halt, and the men were compelled to
+close up and march away from the food that stood ready for them. Any one
+who thinks this was not a sacrifice had better try the experiment.</p>
+
+<p>For a little while the march continued as usual. Thirteen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> miles passed; a
+few quietly dropped out; all were growling, not loud but deep. Fourteen,
+more vacancies&mdash;fifteen&mdash;the weather growing oppressive with the sultry
+heat of mid-day. No shade, no water, no rest; no complaining now, but men
+dropping out with frightful rapidity. All those who were not pure &#8220;grit&#8221;
+had given in previously, and from this time every man kept up till he fell
+from sheer exhaustion. On every side you would see men flush, breathe
+hard, stagger to the side of the road and drop almost senseless; but still
+the column went on.</p>
+
+<p>At one time the entire left wing of the Thirty-seventh, on arriving at the
+crest of a hill, rebelled, and halted where they stood. It would have been
+well if the whole brigade had followed their example; but as the
+Twenty-second pressed on, regimental pride was aroused, an officer
+snatched up the colors and rushed forward, cheering on his men; and
+closing up as best they could, every man, able to walk, rallied himself
+once more, and pushed forward. Colonel Roome, of the Thirty-seventh, gave
+out early, exhausted by illness and the fatigues of the previous day, but
+followed his regiment in a wagon; and many other officers were compelled
+to imitate his example. But as there were neither ambulances nor wagons,
+nothing in truth for the transportation of the sick but what could be
+picked up on the road, the great majority of the disabled not only here
+but throughout our subsequent march, had to be left where they gave out.</p>
+
+<p>We finally halted a mile from Carlisle, and formed into line of battle to
+repel an attack from the rebels, then found to be in the vicinity. But in
+place of the two regiments, that started eleven hundred strong, only about
+three hundred men could be mustered on halting, and even these were almost
+completely exhausted; while the remainder of the brigade were stretched in
+groups along the roadside, striving<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> to collect their scattered forces
+sufficiently to enable them to overtake the column, and <i>seven men</i> in the
+Twenty-second reported by the surgeon as ruptured, afforded an additional
+proof, if one were necessary, of the severity of the march.</p>
+
+<p>The mere distance marched was not so great, as necessarily to have
+produced such a result, the same troops subsequently marched much farther
+without a tithe of the suffering, but it was a great mistake to compel
+militia, exhausted by previous labor and privation, to undergo such an
+ordeal without food or rest, and its effect on the morale and discipline
+of the troops can readily be conceived by any one.</p>
+
+<p>At last the march was finished, and we were at Carlisle, but so were the
+rebels. For awhile there was mounting in hot haste, riders galloping back
+to hurry up stragglers; and the brigade rapidly formed into line, amid
+hurried consultations of field officers, muttered curses from captains
+who, like Rachel, mourned for their companies &#8220;because they were not,&#8221; and
+the other unmistakable signs which indicate nervous anxiety at
+headquarters. After an hour or so spent on tenter-hooks, somebody told
+somebody something which resulted in our marching ahead, expecting to have
+to fight at any moment. But no enemy exhibited himself, and passing
+through the principal street of Carlisle, we raised the American flag amid
+great enthusiasm.</p>
+
+<p>Blessed be Carlisle&mdash;almost the only place since leaving Philadelphia
+where cheering had been heard. We could not appreciate too highly the
+grateful reception we met. The hurrahs of the men, the smiles and waving
+handkerchiefs of the ladies, made us feel that patriotism still existed in
+the state; and when the tired and hungry men were shown to a substantial
+meal in the market-house, and waited on by the ladies of the village (who
+utterly eclipse any seen on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> route for good looks as well as
+hospitality), it was unanimously resolved that &#8220;Mahomet&#8217;s paradise was a
+fool to Carlisle.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Having made some slight amends for their two days&#8217; fast, the Twenty-second
+marched through the city (without finishing their supper), having been
+ordered to support our friends, the Philadelphia battery, in a plan that
+had been formed at headquarters for cutting off a rebel detachment
+supposed to be around somewhere; a supposition that was strictly correct,
+for a very short time showed that they were <i>all around</i> us. On the way to
+the position&mdash;refreshed and almost as good as new&mdash;uproarious cheers were
+given for the ladies of Carlisle, the Thirty-seventh, Colonel Roome, for
+everything, in fact, <i>except</i> our Brigadier, whose approach, from that
+time forth, was the signal for the deadest kind of silence. A slight
+which, on this occasion, elicited from that neglected individual an order
+forbidding &#8220;this ridiculous (?) habit of cheering.&#8221; Circumstances, you
+know, alter cases.</p>
+
+<p>On reaching the crest of a hill, about two and a half miles south of the
+village, the artillery was placed &#8220;in battery,&#8221; while the Twenty-second,
+now pretty well filled up by the arrival of those who had given out from
+the privation and heat of the march, formed line of battle as supports,
+and it may be remarked, as an instance of the pluck and the fatigue of the
+men, that, though an engagement was momentarily expected, more than three
+quarters of the rank and file coolly lay down in their places and went to
+sleep. An hour passed, and the heavy boom of a cannon, and the explosion
+of a shell, brought even the most weary to their feet. Nothing was to be
+seen in front; but the thick columns of smoke ascending from Carlisle, the
+bright flashes of light and the frequent reports of artillery from the
+surrounding hills, showed us that the rebels had surrounded the place in
+overwhelming<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> force, and, without affording to the helpless women and
+children an opportunity to escape, had commenced to shell the town.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately the moon had not yet risen, and the dusk of the evening
+concealed us as we stealthily crept back. On arriving we learned that a
+dash of cavalry had been made into the town, the government barracks and
+the gas-house fired, and the batteries had at once opened, without further
+warning. As there were inside, at that time, not more than eight hundred
+men, and one battery of four guns, and the attacking force numbered four
+thousand, with a much heavier force of artillery, things commenced to look
+as though our present journey would be continued <i>via</i> Richmond; but
+happily our division commander, General W. F. Smith, proved himself here,
+as everywhere else, fully equal to the emergency. While a portion of the
+Twenty-second were deployed as skirmishers on the flanks of the town,
+covered by sharpshooters, posted in the windows of the adjoining houses,
+behind which the artillery were placed, the centre of the town was
+protected by a force, mainly composed of the recent arrivals, concealed
+behind the heavy stone wall of the village cemetery. The Thirty-seventh,
+divided in like manner, were scattered around so as to make the largest
+possible show&mdash;some Reserves were also there&mdash;everywhere they should not
+have been&mdash;who were rushing around indiscriminately, and aggravating the
+Thirty-seventh tremendously by disturbing their ranks in so doing.</p>
+
+<p>For the purpose of protecting our flanks, it was found requisite that
+out-lying pickets or scouts should be sent as far out to the front as they
+could go, to give all the notice possible of any advance of the enemy. The
+service was one of such danger, and the assurances of being &#8220;gobbled&#8221; by
+the rebels so great, that the cavalry detailed for that duty<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> refused to
+perform it. Colonel Aspinwall, hearing of this, offered to supply their
+places. The offer was accepted, and a detail was made from Company D, who
+were stationed in the vicinity, guarding the barricade across the road.
+The three men selected, at once advanced without hesitation, and spent the
+whole night alone, in the extreme front, patrolling the approaches; and
+performed their difficult and arduous duty in such a manner as to earn a
+special compliment from Captain King of the Fourth regulars, the division
+chief of artillery.</p>
+
+<p>Why our friends, the enemy, did not attack and capture the whole party of
+us remains a mystery to this day&mdash;but it is conjectured that some
+skirmishers of the Thirty-seventh, who were captured at the commencement
+of the fight, being no way daunted thereat, coolly told such huge stories
+about the First Division N. Y. S. M., as to &#8220;bluff&#8221; their captors. It was
+very evident, at least, that the rebels were wholly in the dark
+(figuratively as well as literally) respecting the position of our forces;
+and being compelled to fire at random, threw their shell around in a
+manner most disagreeable to witness from our end of their cannon. After at
+least two hours&#8217; rapid firing, the rebels sent in a flag of truce,
+demanding the surrender of the place, very kindly allowing some fifteen
+minutes for the women and children, whom they had not already killed, to
+leave the town to escape the &#8220;certain destruction&#8221; which was threatened (&agrave;
+la Beauregard) if the request was refused; but refused it was by Gen.
+Smith, in terms more forcible than polite; so the batteries reopened.</p>
+
+<p>It had now become a clear moonlight night; a portion of the artillery was
+so near that the commands of the officers could be distinctly heard, and
+the incessant flash and roar of the guns, the &#8220;screech&#8221; of shells flying
+overhead, and the heavy jar of their explosion among the buildings in the
+rear, seemed strangely inconsistent with the calm beauty of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> scene. At
+times it seemed doubtful whether the incessant uproar was really the
+bombardment of a quiet village; for, during the momentary pauses of the
+cannonade, the chirp of the katydid, and the other peaceful sounds of a
+country summer night, were heard as though nature could not realize that
+human beings had sought that quiet spot to destroy each other.</p>
+
+<p>It must not be supposed that any such sentiment, or in fact any sentiment
+whatever, was exhibited on our part; quite the contrary, for as soon as it
+became evident that no immediate attack would be made, the men, whether
+crouching at the house windows, or lying on their faces in the wet grass
+of the cemetery, went to sleep with a unanimity charming to witness; the
+heaviest shelling only eliciting a growl from some discontented private,
+that &#8220;it was a blasted humbug for the rebs. to try to keep a fellar awake
+in that manner;&#8221; the remark ending generally in a prolonged snore that
+proved the unsuccessfulness of the attempt.</p>
+
+<p>Some time before dawn, preparations were made to receive the attack, which
+was expected to follow the instant that the first streak of daylight
+discovered our position. Officers bustled nervously around, the sleepers
+were cautiously awakened, and all stood to arms with the stern
+determination to resist to the bitter end; but judge of our gratification,
+when the shelling gradually ceased; and in a short time the announcement
+that the rebels had retreated, gave us an opportunity to look around, and
+ascertain the damages.</p>
+
+<p>From the incessant uproar, the scream and report of the bursting shells,
+the glare of the flames, the smashing of buildings, and the other sounds
+incident to a bombardment, which had greeted our ears during the preceding
+night, the general expectation in the morning was to find the town a heap
+of ruins, and the great majority, both of troops and inhabitants, bleeding
+in the streets.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>Never was there a greater mistake. It was really wonderful to think that
+so much cold iron could be fired into a place and cause so little loss of
+life and limb. To be sure much property had been destroyed, any amount of
+houses struck, many greatly damaged, and roofs and windows generally
+looked dilapidated enough; but, as in the other bombardments of the war,
+the destruction had been far from universal, and the escape of the
+occupants perfectly miraculous.</p>
+
+<p>The citizens, concealed in their cellars, and the soldiers lying flat
+behind the cemetery walls and in the fields, had almost entirely escaped
+the iron tempest; shells had gone under and over any amount of people, but
+had really <i>hit</i> very few. Some of the townspeople were hurt, but the
+exact number is unknown. A few of the Reserves who were rushing around the
+streets, instead of obeying orders and keeping under cover, suffered
+heavily; the Thirty-seventh, always unlucky, had some hurt; while the
+Twenty-second, with more than their usual good fortune, got off with one
+or two slightly bruised. The rebel loss is almost unknown, but is supposed
+to have been severe.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as it was definitely known that the rebels had retreated, the
+brigade, dispensing with the little formality of breakfast, marched to the
+top of a hill, about a mile south of the town; and after forming line of
+battle in an oat-field, the men, exhausted by the twenty-five miles&#8217; march
+of the preceding day and the fatigue of the night, with one accord, lay
+down in the blazing sun and slept till late in the afternoon.</p>
+
+<p>About four o&#8217;clock some breakfast (or rather supper), in the shape of a
+little pork and potatoes, was found; but just as we were getting ready to
+eat, the dulcet notes of the &#8220;<i>assembly</i>&#8221; burst upon our unwilling ears,
+and we had to &#8220;fall in,&#8221; dinner or no dinner. Of course we obeyed; but not
+relishing the idea of marching away from the only meal that had been seen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>
+for twenty-four hours (a thing which we had been compelled to do more than
+once before), a grand dash was made at the pans; and the regiment fell in
+and marched off, every man with a piece of pork in one hand and a potato
+in the other, eating away for dear life, and forming a <i>tout ensemble</i> not
+often equalled.</p>
+
+<p>With the exception of a little picket duty, that night and the next day
+were spent in camp opposite the ruined barracks, and were devoted by all
+hands to the most energetic resting. To some, the day was blessed by the
+receipt of their overcoats and rubber blankets. Happy few! But their joy
+only made more melancholy the condition of the great majority whose
+portables still remained behind, safely stowed in Harrisburg; so safely,
+that as far as the owners were concerned, they might as well have been in
+New York; so safely, in fact, that the owners of one half of them never
+found them again. In truth, from the commencement of our &#8220;two hours&#8221; march
+until we arrived in New York (just three weeks), neither officers nor
+privates were ever enabled to change even their under clothing, but soaked
+by day and steamed by night in the suit they wore the day they started; a
+suit which, consequently, in no very long time assumed an indescribable
+color and condition. Many managed, by hook or by crook, during our
+subsequent marches, to beg, borrow, or &#8220;<i>win</i>,&#8221; some rubber blankets; but
+at least one in six were without that indispensable article, whose absence
+renders camp life &#8220;a lengthened misery long drawn out,&#8221; and more than one
+in four were without overcoats; while plates there were none; spoons were
+very scarce; and the use of such things as forks, combs, and even soap,
+was utterly forgotten, nor could they be procured. Soap, for instance, we
+would think could be obtained anywhere; but unfortunately the rebels
+entertained a notion that if they only washed they would be clean; an idea
+which any one, who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> ever saw them, will admit to be too preposterous to
+require contradiction. But preposterous or not, they acted up to it, and
+immediately on entering a place proceeded to appropriate every square inch
+of soap that could be found therein; so that when we came along a few days
+afterward, nothing saponaceous could be obtained for love or money, and in
+consequence, the absence of that essential frequently compelled us to
+imitate the habits of our &#8220;Southern brethren&#8221; much closer than was
+agreeable.</p>
+
+<p>Our stay in Carlisle was pleasant&mdash;<i>very</i> pleasant&mdash;for in addition to the
+hospitable treatment we received as individuals, our regiment was honored
+by the presentation of a flag from the ladies of the city. But we could
+not stay there always; and at reveill&eacute;, on the glorious Fourth of July,
+without seeing as much as a single fire-cracker, or hearing an allusion to
+the American eagle, or the flag of our Union, we turned our backs on
+civilization and marched for the mountains, taking a bee-line for
+Gettysburg, where, although unknown to us, the greatest battle of the war
+was raging. General Smith having previously detailed the Twenty-second to
+remain as a guard for the city, we came very near being ingloriously left
+behind; but, at the urgent request of Colonel Aspinwall, and to our own
+infinite gratification, we were permitted to accompany the column to the
+front.</p>
+
+<p>We now formed a portion of a division commanded by Gen. W. F. Smith,
+composed of that portion of the New York militia formerly stationed in the
+vicinity of Harrisburg, and who had joined us at Carlisle, consisting, I
+believe, of the Eighth, Eleventh, and Seventy-first regiments of New York,
+the Tenth, Thirteenth, Twenty-third, Twenty-eighth, Forty-seventh,
+Fifty-second, and Fifty-sixth of Brooklyn, the Seventy-fourth and
+Seventy-fifth of Buffalo, and one or two others from the interior of the
+state, besides two Philadelphia<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> batteries, a few Pennsylvania troops, and
+the regular cavalry from the Carlisle barracks; and from this time until
+our return our adventures became identical with those of the whole
+division.</p>
+
+<p>The day was clear and beautiful, the roads good, and, as we reached the
+mountains, the scenery became magnificent. General Smith himself directed
+our progress, and everything seemed propitious. By noon we had
+accomplished twelve miles almost without fatigue, and took our noonday
+rest (for under an officer who understood himself, this essential was not
+tabooed) in the shade of the woods which fringed one of the mountain
+passes, eagerly seeking information about the battle, which we now learned
+was in progress, and this time our information was from authentic sources.
+About three thousand paroled prisoners (principally of the first corps of
+the Army of the Potomac, captured in the first day&#8217;s fight at Gettysburg,
+and released on the Carlisle road, because the rebels had too much on hand
+to look after prisoners), passed us during the day, in a steady stream;
+and from them we learned that we were but one day&#8217;s march from the
+battlefield, and would probably be able to turn the scale of victory if we
+arrived in time.</p>
+
+<p>So eagerly were we engaged in discussing the chances of the battle, and
+seeking to reconcile the different accounts we received, that no one
+noticed a change in the weather, until the rapid drift of black clouds
+overhead, and the dull sighing of the trees, warned us that rain was close
+at hand; in the midst of hurried preparations it came&mdash;not a rain, but a
+deluge. Hour after hour, in steady perpendicular sheets, the rain
+descended. In vain were all the ingenious contrivances of leaves and
+boughs; in five minutes overcoats were soaked; in ten, shelter tents
+sheltered nothing but small lakes; in fifteen, even rubber blankets were
+useless; and in less than<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> half an hour all were united in the common
+misery of a thorough ducking. In an incredibly short time, the whole scene
+was changed: what was formerly the road had been converted, by a stream
+from the hills, into a torrent mid-leg deep, through which the released
+prisoners trudged with all the coolness of veterans; the woods,
+banks&mdash;everything, was flooded with lakes and waterfalls; and in front,
+bridges rendered insecure, and fords impassable, showed what old Aquarias
+could do when he set fairly to work.</p>
+
+<p>One or two brigades in the advance, suspecting what was coming, pushed on
+and crossed the ford over Yellow Breeches creek before the worst had come;
+but by the time our brigade was ready to follow their example, the creek
+was no longer fordable, and we were obliged to wait some time before it
+was safe to attempt to get over; and even though the men eventually
+crossed, the baggage, on account of either the ford or the bridges, stayed
+behind; thereby acquiring a habit of doing so, which subsequently
+interfered very seriously with our comfort.</p>
+
+<p>After long waiting, the waters subsided sufficiently to allow us to
+proceed, and the regiment started, drenched to the skin, but glad enough
+to get anywhere, if it was only away from those woods; and pushing rapidly
+forward, a short march over flooded roads gullied by the rain, brought us
+to what was called <i>the ford</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The popular idea of a &#8220;ford&#8221; is a clear, shallow sheet of water, more or
+less broad;&mdash;at least we expected to see something of the kind. The actual
+ford we marched up to was a thick wood, filled with tangled thickets,
+logs, and the nameless floating things of a freshet, through which a
+mountain torrent, a hundred yards wide, tore and plunged like a mad thing.
+An hour before it would have been madness to cross; but now, by felling a
+few trees across the deepest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> holes, it had been made practicable, though
+exceedingly difficult, to get over. With pants rolled up as high as they
+could be coaxed (producing a most extraordinary appearance, as may well be
+imagined) the troops&mdash;by a series of climbing over the stumps, balancing
+along the slippery and unsteady logs which bridged the holes where the
+current was too swift and deep to be waded, creeping gingerly with bare
+legs through thorny thickets, and anon struggling waist-deep through the
+turbid stream, whose rapid current was filled with floating logs, which
+inflicted most grievous &#8220;wipes&#8221; on the extremities of the forders, besides
+rendering it almost impossible to stand without assistance&mdash;proceeded to
+cross.</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding the unpleasantness of the operation, the frequent duckings
+and the no less frequent bruises from stumps and floating timber, the
+sight was so supremely ridiculous that the misery was forgotten in the
+fun. Roars of laughter greeted those unfortunates&mdash;and their name was
+legion&mdash;who, in their endeavor to keep piece, cartridge-box, coat-tails
+and other &#8220;impedimenta&#8221; out of the water, forgot about their footing,
+until they were reminded by a plunge from a slippery stump, head over ears
+into the depths of the stream, that that was the first, not the last
+point, to be kept in mind.</p>
+
+<p>A short distance from the ford a halt was ordered, where the men collected
+as they struggled over; each company building huge fires and trying to
+render themselves a little less uncomfortable. Vain thought! Scarcely had
+the fires begun to throw a more cheerful light on the scene, when
+&#8220;Brigade, forward!&#8221; was heard from the front, and turning our backs on the
+comforts we had hoped for, we squattered up the road. &#8220;Squattered&#8221; is
+rather a singular word, but it is the only one available to describe the
+mode of progression up that road. And such a road! Considered a bad road
+in fine weather, in a region where there are <i>no</i> good<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> roads, the most
+vivid imagination fails to depict its present condition. It wound along
+halfway up the side of a mountain; and between the steady pour of the
+rain, filling up every gully and making a mud lake of every hole, and the
+torrents which, rushing down from above, cut it into all sorts of hollows
+and trenches, as they swept across to precipitate themselves off the other
+side into the valley beneath, it presented every combination of evils
+which could appal a weary traveler. Along this road, mill-race, slough,
+stone bed&mdash;for it was all of these by turns&mdash;we pushed forward; but the
+pen fails in the endeavor to describe that march. Many things have we
+suffered and been jolly over, but it is unanimously voted that &#8220;for good,
+square misery,&#8221; the night of the 4th of July, 1863, is equaled by few and
+excelled by none in the annals of the Twenty-second regiment.</p>
+
+<p>As a pitchy blackness rendered everything invisible, a lantern was carried
+at the head of the column, to prevent those behind from being lost. Every
+few minutes we would be plunged into a mountain stream running across the
+road, and which could be heard falling an indefinite distance down the
+other side; wading across this, in an instant, more we would find
+ourselves struggling knee-deep in mud of an unequaled tenacity; and the
+efforts made to extricate ourselves generally resulted in getting tripped
+up by projecting roots and stumps. As those in front reached an obstacle,
+they passed the word down the line, &#8220;Stump!&#8221; &#8220;Ford!&#8221; &#8220;Stones!&#8221; &#8220;Mud-hole!&#8221;
+Frequently this latter cry became altered to &#8220;Man in a mud-hole!&#8221; &#8220;<i>Two</i>
+men in a mud-hole&mdash;look out sharp!!!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The only way in which it was possible to move was by following exactly
+behind your file-leader, if you lost sight of him you were helpless; yet,
+amid all these difficulties, we continued our march, with a calm despair
+that was prepared for anything.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>At eleven o&#8217;clock at night the head of the regiment halted per
+force&mdash;stuck in the mud&mdash;even the officers&#8217; horses too tired to go another
+step; the brigade itself was lost, scattered for the last three miles,
+wherever a turn or twist in the road had hid the guiding lamp; less than
+two companies were on hand, and many of their number had been left in the
+various mud &#8220;wallows&#8221; on the way; all were perfectly exhausted, so we
+camped where we stood&mdash;such camping-ground ne&#8217;er before was seen by mortal
+man&mdash;but it was Hobson&#8217;s choice, that or none.</p>
+
+<p>Imagine a swampy, water-soaked, spungy compound of moss and mud, where the
+foot sank ankle-deep, covering a bank some twenty feet in width, which
+extended from the dense woods to the muddy road; no fence, no house for
+miles; every bit of wood and brush so soaked that one might as well have
+tried to start a fire with paving stones; and you will have a very faint
+idea of the cheerful place in which we lay down, tired, hungry, muddy, and
+wet as water could make us, to enjoy (?) a little sleep. At about one
+o&#8217;clock it commenced to rain&mdash;heavens, how it did rain! It takes
+considerable to arouse men as tired and worn out as those that lay around
+in that swamp; but one by one they got up with the melancholy confession
+that &#8220;the rain was once more too many for them.&#8221; By dint of patient
+industry a fire had been made, whose ruddy blaze seemed to cheer up the
+scene a little, and clustering around it the awakened sleepers sought a
+little comfort; but it was all in vain. Another sheet of rain; and the
+fire, a moment previous, blazing breast high, was a mass of water-soaked
+embers, around which huddled, for the remainder of the night, as
+disconsolate and miserable a set of bipeds as ever was seen. During the
+whole night but one solitary laugh broke the gloomy silence. A poor
+unfortunate corporal, who had been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> crouching all night on the end of a
+log, wrapped up in a rubber blanket, falling asleep in the vain endeavor
+to extract a little warmth from the embers of the extinguished fire, lost
+his balance while nodding to and fro, and rolled backward, heels over
+head, into the mud and water which composed the road; whence he emerged,
+such a pale drab-colored and profane apparition, as would have drawn a
+smile from the very Genius of Despair. In this general misery, rank was
+forgotten; even our Brigadier shared our fortunes, and slept in the mud
+like the lowest private. Arising before dawn&mdash;if that term can be used
+where no one had laid down&mdash;we pushed forward; and a most tiresome
+five-mile walk through the same horrible road, now drained into a sticky
+clay mud, knee-deep, brought us to Laurel Forge, a place composed of a
+dozen huts, a big forge, and nothing else, where, at about eleven <span class="smcaplc">A. M.</span>,
+we got a little something to eat, the first for more than thirty hours.
+But <i>our trains were behind</i>, broken down, stuck all along in the mud.
+This does not mean much to outsiders; but to us it meant that the shortest
+kind of short commons would be our fate in future, a prophecy which we
+found to our sorrow to be strictly correct. At about half-past eleven
+o&#8217;clock, the men having nearly all come up, and a chance having been
+afforded them to get a mouthful to eat (in consequence of the
+expostulations of the officers against the Brigadier&#8217;s orders to go
+forward without waiting for food) we proceeded on our weary way; and about
+three hours&#8217; marching over very good, but awfully steep mountain roads,
+brought us to the spot designated for the division camp, where we went to
+sleep in the customary rain, which fatigue had now deprived of its powers.</p>
+
+<p>At this portion of the march, Judge Davies (of the New York Court of
+Appeals) who had come to the front with despatches, joined the regiment,
+and shared its fortunes<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> in the subsequent movements until he was
+compelled to return home, after our arrival at Waynesboro&#8217;. The Judge
+seemed to take a great interest in what was transpiring; and it would have
+considerably surprised those who have only beheld him on the bench, to
+have seen him, in an old linen coat &#8220;split down behind,&#8221; scouring the
+country to the right and left of the line of march, in quest of supplies
+and information for the Twenty-second; displaying, in these pursuits, the
+most invaluable talents as a forager, and a capacity for enduring hardship
+and privation which put many of his juniors to the blush.</p>
+
+<p>The situation of our present camp was most picturesque, the scenery
+magnificent, the mountain air bracing. There was only one drawback&mdash;that
+the few wagons that had resisted the embraces of the mud could not be
+brought up to the crest of the mountain where the camp was situated. These
+wagons contained our rations (and precious little of them too); that we
+could not live without eating, at least once a day, was made evident, even
+to the great mind that controlled us; and so, as the mountain would not
+come to Mahomet, Mahomet had to go to the mountain, and the next morning
+we marched down the other side, in imitation of the king of France, of
+pious memory, to a camp where, by hard foraging, at about one o&#8217;clock,
+<span class="smcaplc">P. M.</span>, we secured our breakfast of bread, apple butter and
+meat&mdash;<i>real meat</i>, and never did breakfast taste so good in all this world.</p>
+
+<p>It was well known by this time, that while we were stuck in the mud on the
+glorious Fourth, the rebels had retreated from Gettysburg, and were now
+endeavoring to escape through the mountain passes, and we were reluctantly
+compelled to abandon the hopes that had been entertained of earning
+immortal glory, by coming in at the eleventh hour to turn their defeat
+into a rout. It is evident to every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> one that it would have made an
+immense difference in the result of the contest, if our division of fresh
+troops, eight or ten thousand strong, could have been precipitated upon
+the flank of the rebel army, exhausted as they were by three days&#8217;
+fighting. But it was not to be; and therefore, turning away from
+Gettysburg, we bent our energies to prevent the rebels from securing the
+mountain passes. Marching hastily to one gap we would hold it, until the
+information that the rebels were going to another would cause a forced
+march for that. What would have taken place, if we had happened to strike
+a gap, just as half of Lee&#8217;s army had got through, is a thing which we did
+not think about at the time, but which we now see would have been rather
+unpleasant.</p>
+
+<p>I will not enter upon the monotonous recital of the dreary marches that
+were performed in the three times in which we crossed the mountains, of
+the incessant rains, the horrible roads, the want of food! One meal a day
+was our usual allowance, and this generally consisted of bread (at a
+dollar a loaf), and apple butter. If we could get meat once in three days
+we accounted ourselves fortunate, and then the animal was driven into
+camp, shot, cut up, cooked and eaten in less time than it takes to write
+about it; and such meat, generally eaten without salt, was not very
+nourishing. Money was offered freely enough, but partly from the poorness
+of the country and partly from the ravages of the rebels, food could not
+be obtained. In this misery all the militia, whether New-Yorkers or
+Pennsylvanians, were common sufferers.</p>
+
+<p>On the 6th day of July, we marched till late at night, expecting to cut
+off the rebel wagon-train at Newman&#8217;s Gap. It was as dark as Erebus, but
+the numerous lights, and the sounds that were heard as we approached,
+convinced all that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> the movement had been successful, perhaps a little too
+successful, for it was evident that there were more infantry than wagons
+in our front. The surgeons took possession of a house and hung out their
+flag, a few hurried preparations were made, and the regiments moved
+cautiously up, when the return of one of our scouts disclosed that the
+supposed enemy was only some of the Brooklyn regiments, who had taken a
+shorter road, and come in ahead of our brigade. Considerably disgusted at
+this intelligence, we turned off into the fields which bordered the road,
+hungry and tired enough, and slept in the long wet grass, till in the
+early gray of the morning, we were ordered to &#8220;forward.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>On reaching Newman&#8217;s Gap, we found that Lee&#8217;s rear-guard had passed
+through, about eight hours before we got there, and that the fight, so
+confidently expected at this point, was &#8220;off&#8221; for some time yet; but,
+though disappointed in this respect, we were compensated by obtaining
+something to eat; and in addition had the pleasure of having pointed out
+to us, no less than six houses, in all of which Longstreet had died the
+previous night, and two others, where he was yet lying mortally wounded.</p>
+
+<p>On the 7th of July, after an unusually fatiguing march over muddy roads,
+rendered almost impracticable by the passage of Lee&#8217;s army, the division
+went into camp at Funkstown. The place selected was a level piece of
+ground in the midst of a beautiful grove, intersected by a rapid little
+brook, the whole forming one of the most comfortable spots imaginable.
+Rations had come up, and though we had to sleep on our arms for fear of an
+attack from Stuart&#8217;s cavalry, then in our neighborhood, we lay down in
+first rate spirits and slept the sleep of the just.</p>
+
+<p>During the night it rained heavily; but too tired to wake up for any
+ordinary shower, we sheltered ourselves and our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> guns as best we might,
+and slept on. At about three o&#8217;clock it seemed as though the very
+fountains of the great deep had been broken up, and the rain came down in
+solid sheets, compelling the most tired to rise; we could stand a good
+deal, and, as one remarked, a common rain wasn&#8217;t anything, but when the
+water got so deep as to cover his nose, he woke up in disgust.</p>
+
+<p>What a sight presented itself on rising! The beautiful grassy plain, level
+as a billiard-table, on which we had lain down so cheerfully the night
+before, was now a lake, beneath whose surface our guns, canteens, and
+other paraphernalia, were slowly disappearing; the little brook had become
+a torrent, almost equal to the far-famed Yellow Breeches, which a few
+Brooklyn boys were vainly endeavoring to ford, in order to rescue some of
+their traps swept away by its sudden overflow; the smooth grass had
+vanished, and on every side nothing was to be seen but mud, water, and wet
+and muddy soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>From three to eleven o&#8217;clock <span class="smcaplc">A. M.</span> that rain continued with unabated
+vigor. A fire was started under the shelter of a rubber blanket, and
+coffee made, which put new life into our limbs, and we became quite jolly.
+It is a noticeable fact, that where things become perfectly awful&mdash;when
+the mud is deepest and the rain the heaviest&mdash;there the spirits of the men
+appear to rise with the difficulties of the situation (except when they
+have nothing to eat), and they apparently enjoy themselves much more than
+if they were merely suffering from a temporary annoyance; and accommodate
+themselves to circumstances as though it was rather funny than otherwise;
+nevertheless, we were not in the least displeased when the order came to
+march.</p>
+
+<p>On the 8th of July, the division arrived at Waynesboro&#8217;, where we were
+annexed to the third brigade, second division<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> of the sixth army corps
+(whose white cross, artistically carved out of cracker, was at once
+adopted by any quantity of the men), and in the subsequent man&oelig;uvres
+which took place, became a part of the Army of the Potomac. We found
+Waynesboro&#8217;, a pleasant little place, but so cleaned out by the rebels
+that you could not even buy a tin cup; and although our foraging parties
+scoured the country both in and outside the pickets with untiring zeal,
+the results were meagre enough; and during the three days we remained
+(most of the time expecting an attack), we had almost nothing to eat the
+first day, and but a bare sufficiency afterward.</p>
+
+<p>During these three days, by dint of sleeping about all the time, the
+brigade had got pretty well rested, and in the afternoon of the 11th took
+up their line of march for Maryland, in first-rate spirits.</p>
+
+<p>We experienced some trouble on the way, and marched and countermarched a
+good deal, losing three hours&#8217; time and our tempers, in consequence of our
+General having forgotten that, in going through a strange country, he
+couldn&#8217;t get on well without providing himself with a guide; and it was
+not till after dark that we got across the Antietam at Scotland&#8217;s Bridge.
+Once across, however, a pleasant moonlight march over a first-rate road,
+soon brought us to the border, and when our officers announced, &#8220;That
+house marks the line, boys!&#8221; it was with no small gratification that we
+shook off the dust from our feet, singing with great empressment the Union
+version of &#8220;Maryland&mdash;My Maryland,&#8221; together with a number of parodies not
+very complimentary to the &#8220;men we left behind us.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>A few miles from the line, we camped by division. Many, in reading of a
+camp by division, imagine a most picturesque scene, of long lines of snowy
+tents being pitched, while trees<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> are felled for firewood, and all sorts
+of poetic things take place. Nothing of the kind occurs. On arriving at
+the selected spot (generally a large field), the regiments file in one
+after another, taking their places in the order in which they marched, and
+break to the rear so as to form column by companies. The orders are given:
+&#8220;Halt! Stack arms! <i>Go for rails!!</i>&#8221; And every man simultaneously drops
+his traps where he stands, and makes a bee-line for the tall worm fences,
+which are vanishing in every direction, as if by magic. One of these rails
+must be contributed to the company fire, and happy is he who in addition
+to procuring his quota, can secure a couple more for himself! Serenely
+reposing on their sharp edges, covered by his rubber blanket, he defies at
+once the rain above and the mud below; or, more ambitious grown, the
+spoils of four are combined, and a shelter, &agrave; la rebel, is speedily
+constructed, which is roofed with two rubber blankets, and the proprietors
+lying underneath on the other two, are at once the admiration and envy of
+their comrades. The company rails being obtained, are split, a fire
+started, and supper cooked (if there is anything to cook), and the men,
+after smoking the pipe of peace, lie down, some around the fire, and the
+rest where they halted in the first instance, and in two minutes are fast
+asleep; blessing the memory of the discoverer of tobacco, and the man who
+invented sleep.</p>
+
+<p>At the first streak of daylight all are awake; a hurried breakfast is
+made, or not (generally not), ablutions are likewise dispensed with; the
+&#8220;assembly&#8221; sounds; rubbers and overcoats are hastily rolled and slung by
+those who are lucky enough to have them; a few hurried orders are passed
+along the line; the troops fall in and march off; and in half-an-hour the
+trampled ground, the ashes of numerous fires, and the ruined fences, alone
+tell that ten thousand men have camped there for the night.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>For some time we had been pressing hard upon the heels of Lee&#8217;s retreating
+army, and at every step new signs of the rapidity of his movements were to
+be seen. He moved in three columns, the cavalry and artillery taking the
+road, and the infantry the fields on each side, through which their
+trampling had cut a path as wide as a city street, destroying the crops
+they encountered, in a way fit to bring tears into a farmer&#8217;s eyes; and
+throughout the whole route, numbers of wounded men were found, left in the
+houses by the roadside, and deserters without end were encountered, while
+broken wagons, abandoned ammunition, canteens, &amp;c., &amp;c., were strewed on
+every side. Yet, notwithstanding these appearances of demoralization, it
+was evident, from the accounts of the country people, that, though much
+dispirited by their late defeat, the rebel army was far from being the
+mere mob that it was believed by some to be.</p>
+
+<p>It is true that the mountains were full of stragglers, and our cavalry
+were constantly passing us with crowds of prisoners in their charge; yet
+the main army had a good deal of fight left in it still, and when it
+turned on its pursuers, as it frequently did, like a stag at bay, it was
+not to be despised.</p>
+
+<p>From the formation of the ground, in that section of country, the
+retreating army derived a great advantage over their pursuers, and were
+constantly enabled to take positions too strong to be attacked with less
+than the whole Union army, and where a mere show of strength would check
+our advance; and then before Meade could concentrate his forces, Lee would
+be off. At Funkstown in particular, with the simplest materials, a steep
+slope, fronted by the Antietam, had been converted by the rebels into a
+second Fredericksburgh. This was all that saved them, for General Meade
+pressed the pursuit fast and furious.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>On the morning of Sunday,
+the 14th of <ins class="correction" title="original reads 'June'">July</ins>, we found ourselves at
+Cavetown, almost used up. We had had no breakfast; and, from a variety of
+causes, the march had been one of the most wearisome we had yet
+experienced. The morning was sultry and exhausting beyond expression; the
+atmosphere heavy, with that peculiar feeling which precedes a
+thunder-storm&mdash;and, in addition, our shoes were so nearly worn out that
+the sharp stones, which covered and almost paved a most abominable
+wheat-field, through which we had passed on the route, had disabled many
+whose feet were just recovering from the blisters of previous marches.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as we had halted, the division formed line of battle, on the rise
+of a little hill fronting Hagerstown (to act as supports to General
+Kilpatrick, who had gone forward that morning to attack it), and we then
+lay down to rest, first sending details in all directions to forage for a
+meal.</p>
+
+<p>While idling around, bemoaning the condition of our feet, and discussing
+the chances of capturing Hagerstown, the sultry promise of the morning was
+amply redeemed by one of the most tremendous thunder-storms ever seen; the
+rain fell in torrents (but this was a matter of course, and excited no
+remark), and the thunder pealed and the lightning flashed all around
+us&mdash;too near to some. Five men of the Fifty-sixth Brooklyn were struck,
+one of whom died instantly, and the others were badly hurt. A gun
+belonging to the Thirty-seventh was shattered to pieces by the electric
+fluid; and several men in the different regiments were reminded by slight
+shocks that the farther they kept from the stacks of arms the better.</p>
+
+<p>During the afternoon our ears and eyes were gladdened, the one by
+intelligence that Hagerstown had been taken after a sharp fight, the other
+by the sight of our dinner (or breakfast) coming up the road, in the shape
+of an astonished<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> ox, who, when he threw up his head in response to the
+cheers which greeted his entr&eacute;, was shot, skinned, and boiling, before he
+fairly knew what he was wanted for; and finally, the arrival and
+distribution of a case of shoes to those who were actually barefoot, put
+us all in the seventh heaven of delight. We also found some tobacco! To be
+sure it was poor stuff, apparently a villanous compound of seaweed and
+tea; but only those who have known what it is to see their stock of the
+precious weed vanish day by day, with no available means of replenishing
+it, can imagine our feelings on finding a supply, after we had been
+reduced to less than a quarter of a pound to a company.</p>
+
+<p>At about twelve o&#8217;clock the next day, the column camped by division, some
+three miles from General Meade&#8217;s headquarters, about the same distance
+from Boonesboro&#8217;, and within sight of the immense train of the reserve
+artillery, at a place where the old bivouacs of the Army of the Potomac
+filled the air with the nauseating smells invariably incident to deserted
+camps. In this delightful spot we waited for the battle which was to be
+brought on.</p>
+
+<p>All were in high spirits;&mdash;it was universally supposed that the rains had
+made the Potomac unfordable, &#8220;and that Lee was a goner this time sure;&#8221;
+but as hour after hour passed without a sound of the heavy cannonading
+which marks &#8220;the battle&#8217;s opening roar,&#8221; and rumor after rumor filled the
+air, the talk, as time lengthened, grew less and less hopeful, and finally
+during the afternoon we learned definitely that &#8220;the play was played out.&#8221;
+Lee was gone, boots and baggage, and our hopes of taking a hand in the
+contest which would probably have decided the war, were gone with him.
+Perhaps it was all for the best. If Lee gave battle, it would be on
+selected ground, against weary troops, where every man in the rebel army
+knew he was fighting with no hope of escape, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> would consequently
+resist to the utmost; under these circumstances, the contest, if not
+doubtful, would unquestionably have been bloody beyond all precedent; and
+many desolated homes, and empty places in the armories of the Empire City,
+would have mourned for those who would return no more.</p>
+
+<p>We were now in the midst of the Army of the Potomac, and it is difficult
+for those inexperienced in such matters to form the least conception of
+the vast bulk of men and material which contribute to form that
+organization; yet, huge as it was, no confusion was visible, and
+everything went like clockwork, even during the difficulties of that
+hurried pursuit.</p>
+
+<p>We only wished that the same could be said of us, but so far was this from
+being the case, that it was remarked by a regular officer that there was
+more destitution and suffering among our little division than among the
+whole Army of the Potomac, and no one acquainted with the facts can deny
+the correctness of the assertion.</p>
+
+<p>It is impossible to express what a relief it was when we once became
+incorporated with this army; for to enter it, was coming once more from
+the scarcity and make-shifts of the backwoods, into the light of
+civilization. We found ourselves again among newspapers, and
+sutlers&mdash;people who could change a two-dollar bill and had things to sell;
+where greenbacks yet served as a medium of exchange, and provision trains
+were not more than two days behind time; and in our exultation, we even
+began to entertain vague hopes that, in the progress of events, our
+letters might be possibly forthcoming. It was now more than two weeks
+since a word of news had been heard, either from home or abroad; and we
+naturally were exceedingly anxious for a little information about matters
+and things in general. Our ignorance was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> painful on almost every subject.
+Vicksburg, we knew, had been captured, but this was all; and even the
+battle of Gettysburg, fought right under our noses, and a common topic of
+conversation, was to us &#8220;a tale untold.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th of July, our time was up, the rebels gone, and there being
+nothing more that we could do, General Meade told us &#8220;he was much obliged
+and we could go.&#8221; So, bidding General Smith a cordial good-by, we took up
+our line of march for Frederick City, <i>and home</i>; first, however, going a
+long way in the wrong direction, and having to countermarch back. This was
+nothing new, however, for, whether it was owing to ill luck, bad guides,
+indefinite orders, or stupidity, something of the kind took place at every
+movement that was ordered. The brigade never turned down a side-road, or
+took an unusual direction, without a general grumble arising&mdash;&#8220;Wrong road,
+of course! see if we don&#8217;t have to go back in a few minutes,&#8221;&mdash;and we
+generally did. In truth, we went back so often, that we began to hate the
+very word &#8220;countermarch.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>It is presumed that those in authority had been informed by telegraph
+respecting the riots in New York; but the first that the subordinates knew
+about the matter was, on obtaining, on the march, that memorable Herald,
+describing how the &#8220;military fired on the <i>people</i>.&#8221; If any of the editors
+of that veracious journal had happened to be in our vicinity about that
+period, it is more than probable that they would have been furnished with
+a practical illustration of their text, for a more angry set of men than
+the first division N. Y. S. M., never was seen.</p>
+
+<p>It was sufficiently galling to know, that while we were away enduring all
+sorts of hardships to expel the rebels from Northern soil, an infamous set
+of copperheads had undertaken a counter-revolution in our very homes; and
+the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> additional reflection of the opportunity it would give our
+Pennsylvania friends to depreciate our state, lent the account an
+additional sting. That day was the first, and we hope the only time in our
+lives, that any one was heard to say that he felt ashamed to think that he
+was born in the city of New York.</p>
+
+<p>As may well be imagined, this intelligence, and the pleasing uncertainty
+existing in our minds respecting the welfare of our friends and homes,
+considerably accelerated our desire to get home again; and we pushed
+vigorously down the Fredericksburgh pike, breathing prayers, the reverse
+of benevolent, for the welfare of the rioters&mdash;until we could attend to
+them in person. Under any other circumstances it would have been a
+beautiful march; although oppressively hot in the early part of the day,
+the weather afterward was all that could be desired. The road was wide,
+smooth&mdash;tremendously hard, to be sure, for feet, as sore and badly shod as
+ours, and in its windings through the passes of the South Mountain,
+traversing a few more hills than were strictly agreeable&mdash;yet more
+beautiful scenery than it presents to the eye of the traveler can rarely
+be found.</p>
+
+<p>That country is all historic ground. Those white boards on the right,
+&#8220;covering many a rood,&#8221; marked the last resting-places of the thousands of
+unknown heroes who sealed their patriotism with their blood in the battle
+of South Mountain; and all along the stone fences and among the trees on
+the left, the frequent bullet-marks tell how hot the conflict raged a year
+ago; for every foot of land for twenty miles around has been a
+battle-ground for the contending forces.</p>
+
+<p>About sun-down we arrived at Frederick City, a bustling little place, full
+of soldiers, and with a large sprinkling of the fair sex, who, contrary to
+the experience of last year, loyally applauded the passing troops. Many
+would class<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> it as a &#8220;one-horse town,&#8221; but to us it appeared a little
+paradise. It was a place where you could buy things, and although our
+predecessors turned up their aristocratic noses at the food there
+procurable, <i>our</i> only grievance was that we could not get any of it.
+Expecting to start directly for home, the division, without halting,
+continued its march through the city to within a quarter of a mile of the
+railroad dep&ocirc;t, which, for some unknown reason, is situated about three
+miles from the city, but, as usual, we were doomed to disappointment;
+whether the cars were ready or not, I cannot say; but, after a long
+consultation among the officers, it was settled that we could go no
+further, and at about eight o&#8217;clock we went into camp; having completed a
+march of over twenty-five miles since breakfast, with little or no
+straggling. This, we consider, is doing pretty well for militia.</p>
+
+<p>The next day we &#8220;loafed,&#8221; resting under the trees and devouring the stock
+in trade of the sutlers who had come down to see us, restlessly waiting
+all day under orders to be ready to start at a moment&#8217;s notice.</p>
+
+<p>At about six <span class="smcaplc">P. M.</span>, the Thirty-seventh and Eleventh struck camp and
+marched off for the cars, amid the cheering of the whole division; but no
+orders came for us, and after waiting till half-past nine <span class="smcaplc">P. M.</span>, we went
+to sleep. At exactly eleven o&#8217;clock an orderly dashed up: &#8220;The regiment
+was to take the cars forthwith.&#8221; The word passed from mouth to mouth like
+lightning, and in less than no time the men were awakened, formed, and
+marching off &#8220;for home.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>We had to go precisely a quarter of a mile and get into the cars which had
+been standing all day on the track; and how long can any outsider,
+unacquainted with military man&oelig;uvres, imagine it took to get us on
+board? Not an hour, nor half an hour, but <i>five hours <ins class="correction" title="original reads 'and and'">and</ins> a half</i>, by
+the watch, elapsed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> from the time we started till we got into those cars;
+and as it was raining in torrents all the while, it is not difficult to
+imagine the benedictions that were freely bestowed on every one supposed
+to be concerned in the matter. When we had gone about a hundred yards from
+camp the order came to &#8220;halt.&#8221; After a little time we were told to &#8220;rest.&#8221;
+Seeing no signs of a movement, and a heavy rain having come up, the boys
+unrolled their rubber blankets, and the cooler hands wrapped themselves up
+and lay down to sleep in the middle of the road, while the others took it
+out in swearing. In about an hour &#8220;Fall in!&#8221; was heard. We woke up, shook
+ourselves, and marched another hundred yards, where the same scene was
+repeated. Marching off the third time, we turned away from the main road
+and struck along the field to the depot, thinking we were off this time,
+<i>sure</i>. Vain thought! When we got on the bank, overlooking the railroad
+track, not a car was to be seen, and there we stood in the midst of a
+drenching rain, on a slippery clay slope where it was impossible to sit
+down, tired and sleepy as men could well be, for nearly two hours before
+the cars, after a little eternity of backing and switching, were
+pronounced ready for us. The moment the cars were reached every one threw
+himself on the floor, and, in spite of wet clothes, dirty floors, and
+leaky roofs, knew nothing more till daylight dawned on us entering
+Baltimore.</p>
+
+<p>With the mention of the word <i>Baltimore</i>, the word <i>breakfast</i> is
+intimately associated in our minds.</p>
+
+<p>Oh! that first good civilized breakfast, with forks and chairs, and the
+other appliances of civilized life&mdash;the pen fails in the endeavor to do
+justice to that repast!</p>
+
+<p>Yet in spite of the threats that were made of the quantities that would be
+eaten; and although it was near one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> o&#8217;clock before we sat down, we were
+disgusted to find our systems so disorganized by a habit of taking
+breakfast late in the afternoon, and omitting the other meals altogether,
+that half the things that were ordered could not be disposed of; in fact,
+it was at least three days after our return to the bosom of our families,
+before we could manage three regular meals a day, without feeling
+uncomfortable; but this sensation soon wore off, and when it did, ample
+amends were made by all, for past abstinence.</p>
+
+<p>From Baltimore to New York was a short and uneventful journey, and on the
+18th day of July we found ourselves swinging up Broadway, glad to be home
+once more, but sorry enough to think that we were denied the pleasure of a
+shot at the rioters in general, and our worthy ex-mayor in particular. And
+although a long and aggravating tour of duty at home was still before us,
+here ended our eventful campaign.</p>
+
+<p>It has been a favorite argument against the militia organizations, to
+decry them as Broadway troops, good for playing soldier, but who would be
+found wanting if subjected to the stern realities of a soldier&#8217;s life.
+This test has now been made, and the New York militia can proudly point to
+their record.</p>
+
+<p>Marching one hundred and seventy miles in less than three weeks, in the
+most inclement weather, through mountain passes and over abominable roads,
+on ten days&#8217; rations, without a change of clothing, in expectation of an
+attack at any moment (our regiment alone forming line of battle over
+nineteen times), they point with pride to the thanks tendered to them by
+General Meade in his official report, and claim that they have done all
+that could be expected of them&mdash;if not more; and although smarting under
+the usage they received from those they went to protect, they stand ready,
+if<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> an occasion of similar emergency should again arise, to meet again the
+same hardships, and undergo the same labors; but the next time we hope to
+be directed by generals who know <i>a little</i> about the details of their
+business, and will not have to learn at our expense.</p>
+
+<p>It is an elementary maxim that soldiers will not serve with any credit
+under a man they do not respect; and when they find their leaders ignorant
+of the first rules of military life, obliged to ask information from
+subordinates, and constantly sneered at as ignoramuses by those who <i>do</i>
+know what they are about, they speedily become discontented and
+suspicious, and in that condition are worse than useless.</p>
+
+<p>Our Colonel and other officers had learned their duty in previous
+campaigns; and by the manner in which they handled their men, and the care
+with which they regarded their welfare, earned at once the gratitude and
+respect of their command. And this remark is also true of such men as
+Colonel Roome of the Thirty-seventh, and Colonel Maidhoff of the Eleventh.
+But what would have happened to the militia generally, and to our brigade
+in particular, if it had not been for their regimental officers, it is
+difficult to foresee. When we think of what did take place, and what might
+have taken place, the New York militia fervently pray,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;From long marches, wet weather, short commons, and militia generals, good
+Lord deliver us.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second
+Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863, by George W. Wingate
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAST CAMPAIGN OF 22ND REGIMENT ***
+
+***** This file should be named 32013-h.htm or 32013-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/0/1/32013/
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/32013.txt b/32013.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b868cc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/32013.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1781 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second
+Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863, by George W. Wingate
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863
+
+Author: George W. Wingate
+
+Release Date: April 16, 2010 [EBook #32013]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAST CAMPAIGN OF 22ND REGIMENT ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+  LAST CAMPAIGN
+  OF THE
+  TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT,
+  N. G., S. N. Y.
+  JUNE AND JULY, 1863.
+
+
+  New York:
+  C. S. WESTCOTT & CO., PRINTERS,
+  NO. 79 JOHN STREET.
+  1864.
+
+
+
+  Entered according to the act of Congress, in the year 1864,
+
+  BY GEORGE W. WINGATE,
+
+  in the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States
+  for the Southern District of New York.
+
+
+
+
+THE LAST CAMPAIGN OF THE
+
+Twenty-second Regiment N. G., S. N. Y.
+
+
+On the 18th of June, 1863, it having been definitely ascertained that the
+rebel horde had invaded Pennsylvania in force, the call of the President
+was issued to the Empire State, and her militia, leaving everything as it
+stood--their books unclosed, their ploughs in the furrow--hurried eagerly
+forward in response, to unite in the defence of our sister State. All day
+long blue and gray uniforms were dashing frantically backward and forward
+through the streets, and in and out of the various armories of the city,
+in search of essentials found missing at the last moment; and in military
+circles the flurry and commotion were indescribable, particularly at the
+Palace Garden in Fourteenth street, where the Twenty-second regiment
+N. G., S. N. Y., assembling in great haste, were preparing to be "off to
+the war" on their second campaign.
+
+At last the manifold preparations were completed, and amid tumultuous
+cheering, the fluttering of handkerchiefs, the ringing of bells, and the
+thousand bewildering noises of an enthusiastic crowd, the regiment formed
+and marched away--where to, none knew and none cared, so long as they were
+doing their country a service.
+
+That night was spent in the cattle-cars of the Camden and Amboy Railroad,
+and the next morning found us entering the City of Brotherly Love, through
+which, after being fed and washed at the immortal "Cooper Shop," we took
+our way for the capital of the state, cheered on by an enthusiastic
+ovation from the citizens, whose noble behavior and unstinted hospitality
+to the thousands of soldiers who have passed through the city since the
+beginning of the war, has obtained for Philadelphia the well-earned
+reputation of being the most patriotic city in the Union.
+
+The distance from New York to Harrisburg, I believe, may be usually
+traversed in about eight hours, but (as there was a great need of men),
+the regiment was kept precisely three days in cattle-cars before being
+deposited at its destination, no insignificant omen of the fate that
+awaited its members in the future. Finally, after an immensity of
+tribulation, we got to Harrisburg, and spent the last of these three days
+quietly lying alongside of Camp Curtin; this camp, so celebrated in
+Pennsylvania annals, is a wide level expanse, in the vicinity of the city,
+and was then crowded with the newly-raised militia, whose general
+appearance and condition did not inspire us with that exalted idea of
+their efficiency that the newspapers seemed to have; on the contrary, it
+seemed to us, that a more indifferent, lazy, uncouth-looking set never was
+seen outside of rebeldom; but as their ideas of hospitality toward us were
+demonstrated in copperhead talk and chaffing us with hard names, these
+views may be prejudiced. At some distance from Camp Curtin, however, were
+a couple of batteries and some troops from Philadelphia, who really looked
+like soldiers, and whose appearance inspired the "Yorkers" with a feeling
+of respect which further acquaintance did not dispel.
+
+But notwithstanding the society, the time hung heavy on our hands, and it
+was no small relief, when, during the latter part of the afternoon, we
+were sent across the Susquehanna, some of us into the fortifications, and
+the others, including the Twenty-second, to camps in the different places
+near the river, to protect the various approaches and fords in the
+neighborhood of the city.
+
+It was growing dusky as we arrived at our selected camp-grounds, and, as
+it was a singular characteristic of the climate of Pennsylvania during our
+brief sojourn, that darkness is synonymous with rain (for the sun scarcely
+ever went down before the elements were imitating the movement), it
+accordingly commenced to rain, and by the time it was fairly dark a heavy
+storm was raging.
+
+Fortunately, an immense empty barn was at hand, into which the regiment
+wedged themselves, like sardines in a box, so tight, in fact, that those
+unfortunates who happened to find themselves under a leak in the roof--and
+there were many such--had to remain quiet under their douche, and take it
+coolly for the whole night. The Eleventh and one or two other regiments,
+being without either barn or tents, were obliged to sleep in the woods all
+night without any protection whatever, and were consequently regarded as
+suffering martyrs by all the rest of us, who wondered how they could
+possibly have lived through it.
+
+Little did those think who shuddered when they talked about sleeping in
+the rain without cover, that in a very short time they would be doing that
+very thing themselves, and come to regard it as a mere matter of course,
+inconvenient to be sure, but so commonplace as to be hardly worth
+mentioning.
+
+The next morning, having pitched our tents, we entered upon the usual
+routine of camp life, humdrum to the last extent. Hot as an oven, stupid
+and monotonous as a prison, the first few days passed quietly enough. It
+is true that the roofs and spires of the capital of Pennsylvania, which we
+had come to defend, were in plain sight, but a very few visits there,
+combined with the chilling reception we received in passing through it,
+put an effectual quietus on our hopes of the good time that was coming.
+Little bills, and big stories of little bills, for necessary purchases;
+fifteen cents for a cup of (rye) coffee, and other things in proportion,
+the general indifference of the inhabitants as to which side won in the
+contest which was impending, and the other annoyances which have been so
+fully ventilated in the New York newspapers, in a very short time
+destroyed the clamor for passes, and rendered useless the complicated
+system of signatures which had been devised to prevent the expected rush
+for those documents.
+
+By-and-by we were regaled by perusing in the New York papers the most
+astounding accounts of the dangers of our position, and of the uprising of
+Pennsylvania; unquestionably it was all true, but we hadn't seen anything
+of the kind yet. Still, while laughing over much that we read, we could
+not help noticing, that as time wore on, a stream of skedaddlers, small at
+first, but rapidly increasing, was sweeping by the camp; and in a short
+time crowds of able-bodied natives, driving their flocks and herds, and
+followed by wagons heaped mountain high with their most precious household
+goods, blocked up every road leading into the city, and showed that the
+enemy were rapidly approaching.
+
+Things, however, remained quiet, as far as we were concerned, but it was
+only the quiet which portends the storm. A night alarm, caused by the
+guard and pickets firing on spies escaping from the camp under cover of
+the darkness, more spies, both male and female, in the guard-house, more
+cattle, more scared natives rushing by as though a second exodus was at
+hand, soon put us on the alert.
+
+On Saturday, the 27th of June, that portion of the regiment not on picket
+was hastily marched down the turnpike, and set at work throwing up a line
+of rifle pits, to cover the road up which the enemy were now rapidly
+advancing, report said, only four miles off; but as companies C (Capt.
+Post), and G (Capt. Howland), had been previously sent some five miles
+down the same road as pickets, and had not yet been driven in, we took
+these figures with a slight discount. There was no question, however, but
+that they were near enough, and we dug away for dear life, from eleven A.
+M. to two P. M. (and the Sixty-ninth may be safely defied to produce a
+bigger hole than we had finished at that time); and in consideration of
+these unparalleled exertions, those in authority kindly allowed us to rest
+our wearied limbs--by chopping down a good-sized forest, which interfered
+with the range of the artillery.
+
+Now, digging rifle pits in a hot sun is so very much like excavating a
+sewer, that axe-work was fun itself compared with it, so the boys,
+dropping their spades for axes, went to work with a _vim_, Col. Aspinwall
+himself setting the example, while each company did its best to outdo the
+others; and soon the big hickories, two and three feet in diameter, were
+crashing in all directions, shaking the very ground with their fall. This,
+by-the-by, was the "heavy cannonading at Harrisburg," which was
+telegraphed on to the New York papers, where it greeted our wondering eyes
+in print the next afternoon.
+
+_Of course_ the people of the vicinity lent their experienced arms to
+assist in obstructing the march of the enemy; the deputation of patriots
+present, up to seven o'clock P. M., numbering precisely four (and two of
+these were blacks, but none the worse choppers for that). After that
+hour, through the earnest solicitations of a guard despatched by Colonel
+Aspinwall, whose fixed bayonets presented an unanswerable argument, the
+surrounding male population volunteered (?) their aid and axes towards the
+completion of the work, while the tired troops sought their tents to
+sleep.
+
+No alarm broke the stillness of the night, and the regiment assembled the
+next (Sunday) morning in front of the Colonel's tent for religious
+services, feeling rather more disposed to be pious than usual, for none
+knew what might occur before another day was passed.
+
+Those services never took place. The men were assembled, the prayer-books
+distributed, the Chaplain had risen and was on the point of announcing his
+text, when the Colonel dashed up at full gallop, with the order--"Go back
+to your company 'streets,' and strike tents at once!"
+
+The men rushed back to their quarters, and preparations for breaking camp
+went on in the greatest possible haste, in the midst of which the Chaplain
+disappeared for parts unknown, and we never laid eyes on him from that day
+to this.
+
+Company D (Capt. Thornell) was here ordered down to relieve the companies
+on picket, and in obedience to subsequent orders threw up a line of
+rifle-pits across the road, to defend the position to which they had been
+ordered; where they remained, lying on their arms, until they were called
+in on the morning of the 30th.
+
+In a few minutes the camp was struck, and we were marching off, little
+thinking, as we took our leave of the pleasant spot where our nice new
+tents were being loaded in wagons pressed for the occasion, of the length
+of time that would elapse before our heads would get under their (or any
+other) shelter again--perhaps, if we had, the leave-taking would have been
+more affecting.
+
+While one half of the remaining portion of the regiment was ordered to
+hold the rifle-pits, the remainder marched to Bridgeport Station opposite
+Harrisburg, and proceeded to barricade several houses commanding the
+approaches to the beautiful railroad bridge erected at this point, with as
+much industry as though they had not done a thing for a week. Companies A
+(then commanded by Lieut. Franklin, Capt. Otis being temporarily absent)
+and I (Capt. Gardiner), with beams, barrels of earth, bundles of lath,
+railroad sleepers and sand-bags, by ten o'clock P. M., had converted the
+engine-house in which they were stationed into a loopholed and casemated
+battery to protect two pieces of the Eighth N. Y. troop, placed there to
+rake the railroad. In the more laborious parts of this work, lifting
+railroad sleepers and carrying sand-bags, they were assisted by a
+detachment of negroes from the large body at work on the fortifications,
+and it was really touching to see the patient, uncomplaining way in which
+these poor men worked. All the preceding night and day with scanty
+covering they had toiled, digging, carrying heavy beams and sand-bags, and
+though almost wearied out, without the slightest compulsion, without the
+use of a single harsh word from their overseer, they still continued. The
+white volunteers from Harrisburg had long since abandoned the toilsome
+work; the weary soldiers stopped at nine o'clock; but the negroes kept on.
+
+At twelve o'clock P. M., the Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh, were
+cautiously awakened and marched stealthily out to cut off the enemy's
+advanced guard, reported to be reconnoitring in our front. It was an
+imposing sight to see the long column dimly and silently winding down the
+roads and through the varying shadows of the night. Not a sound was
+heard--orders were given in a whisper; and as we drew nearer the enemy's
+position, the silence was so profound that the heavy breathing of the men
+was distinctly audible.
+
+After a long march, whispered orders were passed down the line, and amid a
+death-like silence we halted and formed line of battle, fixing bayonets,
+and freshly capping our pieces in readiness for instant service. Every eye
+was strained through the darkness to discern the patrols of the enemy in
+the wavering shadows of the woods and fields, and every ear was stretched
+to its utmost tension to catch the expected challenge. But the silence was
+unbroken, and after a few moments' halt the column proceeded, feeling
+their way with the utmost caution, and expecting at every instant to hear
+the volley which would announce that the advanced pickets had been
+encountered; but our caution was unnecessary, the enemy had fallen back
+and there was nothing to be seen.
+
+The movement was splendidly managed, and only wanted one thing to be a
+magnificent success, that was--an enemy. "As there wasn't anybody to be
+captured, we could not capture anybody;" so after marching out some five
+miles past the pickets, we returned without seeing anything, and at five
+A. M. lay down by the railroad track to catch a few minutes' rest. Company
+B (Capt. Remmey), were not allowed even this rest; but were obliged to
+return to the picket station, down the New Cumberland road from which they
+had been recalled to join in the expedition, and which they did not reach
+until after seven o'clock.
+
+The next day was spent in line of battle, waiting for an attack; but the
+rebels kindly allowed us to rest during the day, and to "turn in" at our
+usual hour at night, without molestation, for which we were exceedingly
+obliged to them.
+
+In the meantime the preparations for the defence of Harrisburg went on
+with all possible speed; by this time the fortifications erected there
+were quite extensive, and it is probable that their looks went far toward
+dampening the ardor of the "Confeds." But it seemed to us that in the
+incessant hurry and bustle that were going on around, there was a great
+want of system; that there was no great mind overseeing everything, and
+watching that the right man was in the right place. Much of this is
+certainly unavoidable. A general cannot see everything done with his own
+eyes, but still the unusual manner in which things were managed--the
+rushing at a thing for half a day, then leaving that unfinished, and going
+at something else; the subordinates at a loss for orders, and almost every
+one doing what seemed right in his own eyes--was the subject of frequent
+comment, especially among the "thinking bayonets" of the rank and file.
+But in justice it must be said that their opportunities of judging were
+very limited.
+
+At about ten o'clock on the morning of the 30th of June, an order came
+from the General commanding, for the Twenty-second and Thirty-seventh New
+York to prepare for a _two-hours'_ march, nothing to be carried but
+canteens. A hasty roll of the drum, a few hurried orders from the company
+officers, the line was formed, and in less than fifteen minutes the
+regiments were off, leaving everything behind them. They have not got back
+from that two hours' march yet!
+
+After marching and counter-marching all over the country for some fourteen
+miles, the brigade, in the afternoon, encountered the enemy near Sporting
+Hill or Hampden, and quite a smart engagement ensued, the Twenty-second,
+supported by some Pennsylvania cavalry (who skedaddled at the first
+shell), advancing through woods and wheat-fields on the left--Co. A (Capt.
+Otis), being detached as a reconnoitring party to cover that flank in the
+advance--while the Thirty-seventh advanced on the right, as skirmishers,
+the Philadelphia battery having the centre. At first, a portion of the
+rebels, posted in one of the immense barns for which Pennsylvania is so
+celebrated, was enabled to annoy the brigade considerably, wounding a
+lieutenant and several others of the Thirty-seventh; but they were finally
+compelled to evacuate, and in a very short time their artillery was
+silenced, and they were in full retreat along the whole length of the
+line. This success must be ascribed in a great measure to the gallant
+conduct of the Philadelphia battery, which, as far as we were able to see,
+was unquestionably the most efficient of the organizations, that the
+invasion of her soil had elicited from Pennsylvania patriotism; and in the
+eyes of our boys, the Philadelphians therefore stood very high.
+
+In this affair the rebels lost some fifteen killed, and twenty or thirty
+wounded (this being the account given by themselves to the farmers in the
+vicinity). The Union loss was very slight, though, as usual, there were
+all sorts of semi-miraculous escapes. After a short pursuit, the approach
+of darkness admonished us of the necessity of caution; a halt was
+therefore ordered, and in a short time orders came to go back to camp.
+Full of life and spirits, although considerably exhausted by the fatigues
+of the day, the brigade took up their line of march for Bridgeport. A
+wagon filled with provisions, belonging to the Twenty-second, had been
+sent out from the latter place to meet the column as soon as it was known
+that there had been a "scrimmage," and hearing of the return of the
+troops, those in charge had halted when some six miles out, and were
+busily engaged in preparing supper. Orders, however, were sent forward to
+repack and hurry everything back, so that the men would have supper ready
+on their arrival in camp.
+
+Supper! how the word put fresh vigor into weary limbs, and kept up the
+flagging spirits. No one can know, till he has tried, what a difference it
+makes in the marching powers whether, after a prolonged fast, you are
+proceeding _toward_ your supper or _away_ from it.
+
+While we were marching merrily along, suddenly the order came to _halt_!
+_Rest._ And then it was discovered that, for some unknown reason, the
+powers that be had decreed that the brigade should spend the night where
+they were; and there, drenched with perspiration, without rubber blankets,
+haversacks--anything, in the wet grass by the side of the road, in the
+midst of a drizzling rain, they lay down to sleep, about as uncomfortable
+as men could well be.
+
+When the wagon came up, a little coffee and hard tack were dealt out, but
+as this event did not take place till about two o'clock in the morning,
+the number of those who could keep awake to wait for it was very limited.
+At daylight in the morning, three crackers per man and _no_ coffee
+composed a light and frugal repast, on which we started on our first long
+march.
+
+At about four A. M., the regiments were massed in column to hear a speech
+from their Brigadier; but it was lamentably evident that, however skilled
+in the art of war he might be, the mantle of eloquence had never fallen on
+his shoulders. He stated to the men that _he_ had endured as much as they
+had, slept and eaten as little; that _he_ (on horseback) didn't feel
+tired, and therefore they (on foot) shouldn't; that _he_ (on horseback)
+could go to Carlisle, and therefore they could.
+
+Now as no one had objected, or in fact knew, that we were going to
+Carlisle at all, this assumption that we were trying to shirk our duty, at
+a time when all were flattering themselves for making extraordinary
+sacrifices, did not add many to the rapidly diminishing circle of the
+General's admirers.
+
+At the time of starting, and for some time afterwards, it was supposed
+that Carlisle was in possession of the rebels, and that we would have to
+fight our way through. Skirmishers were therefore thrown out, and the
+column, composed of one (I) company of the Twenty-second as an advanced
+guard, another (B) company deployed as skirmishers, then the
+Thirty-seventh and Twenty-second (Col. Roome being senior to Col.
+Aspinwall) moved cautiously forward; but after going some five or six
+miles the skirmishers were drawn in, information having been received from
+paroled prisoners and farmers that the enemy had left the town (though
+their pickets were still in the immediate vicinity), and we proceeded
+without any precautions whatever.
+
+The day was beautiful, though rapidly becoming too warm for comfort, and
+the route lay through a most lovely country. Scarcely anywhere can the eye
+rest on finer scenery, more beautiful fields, more comfortable houses, or
+more magnificent barns (for magnificent is the only adjective applicable
+to those structures) than those of southern Pennsylvania. But alas! the
+houses were deserted, the farms pillaged--everything of value, everything
+that could walk, or be eaten, or--stolen, was gone--swept away by the
+invader, and the peaceful population driven from their homes by the
+ruthless hand of war.
+
+A few hours' marching brought us past the scene of yesterday's
+"scrimmage," and enlivened by the prospect of another fight, as the
+fatigue and stiffness of the previous night wore off, the echoes of song
+and laughter floated down the column, taken up and re-echoed from company
+to company till they died away in the distance, "and all went merry as a
+marriage bell"--for a time.
+
+The roads were good, the air pure, the halts frequent--there was nothing
+to find fault with. The people, hitherto the only objectionable feature of
+the country, were as kind and hospitable as we could desire; and in
+Hogestown, a little village on the "pike," and all along the road,
+wherever there were occupied houses, the women (and very pretty women some
+of them were, too) turned out _en masse_, with trays of bread and apple
+butter, and buckets of cool spring water, to help along the tired troops.
+A happy contrast with the customs of the capital we had left behind us.
+
+A regiment of Reserves, who had started fresh and well-fed from Harrisburg
+that morning, and had gained on us while we were retarded by the slow
+progress of the skirmishers through the tall grain and tangled wheat,
+hurried up when the rumor began to spread that Carlisle was evacuated, and
+in a manner displaying equal ignorance of the rules of war and politeness,
+undertook to push their way through the brigade, "to get in ahead of the
+Yorkers," and win the honors of the victory from those who had borne the
+burden and heat of the day. In attempting this they soon found that they
+had calculated without their host, and that the commanding officers of the
+Twenty-second had cut their eyeteeth long before putting foot in
+Pennsylvania. When they pushed up on the right, the head of the column
+gently obliqued that way; if they changed around, a simple "left oblique"
+rendered the movement needless; and when they attempted by high strategy
+to come up on _both_ sides, the order, "_By company into line_," filled
+the road from fence to fence with a solid front of men, who serenely swept
+forward, refusing to budge from their path for all the "preserves" "ever
+pickled."
+
+Then, letting down the fences, they took to the fields, and attempted to
+get by that way. At the sight of this a wild cry of "double quick" went up
+from the rear to the front of the column, and breaking into a "double" the
+brigade swept on for a mile or more, leaving their followers vanishing in
+their rear, whence, either from their being exhausted, or from hearing
+that the rebels had _not_ left Carlisle, they never emerged to trouble us.
+
+We had heard, it is true, from passing buggies, and straggling squads of
+paroled prisoners, that the village itself had been evacuated; but all had
+united in asserting that the rebels were still very near, several stating
+that they were just on the outskirts of the place. Under these
+circumstances an ordinary mind would think that there was no necessity for
+hurrying. The Reserves were "gone in," and if there was the least danger,
+common sense required that the men should be brought into the city as
+fresh as possible; but our commander did not see things in that light, and
+consequently walked deliberately into a trap, which came within a hair's
+breadth of proving fatal to the whole command.
+
+The skirmishers had been called in before this, and the march had been
+rapid; it now became "_forced_." That meant, in this instance, a march
+pursued without regard to the health, comfort or fatigue of the troops,
+against the expostulations of the surgeons; where speed is such an object
+that everything must be disregarded, and well or ill, suffering or not,
+the men must push on.
+
+And we did push on, and from our halt, more than ten miles from Carlisle,
+till we prepared to meet the enemy in the city, no rest was allowed. When
+we arrived at Kingston, a small but patriotic village on the road, where
+the women stood at their doors with piles of bread and apple butter, all
+expected, as a matter of course, that we would be allowed to rest and eat
+something; but notwithstanding that no rations had been received since the
+morning of the previous day, (except a little bread obtained by a few of
+the lucky ones at Hogestown), and although it was now noon, yet our
+Brigadier refused to allow a moment's halt, and the men were compelled to
+close up and march away from the food that stood ready for them. Any one
+who thinks this was not a sacrifice had better try the experiment.
+
+For a little while the march continued as usual. Thirteen miles passed; a
+few quietly dropped out; all were growling, not loud but deep. Fourteen,
+more vacancies--fifteen--the weather growing oppressive with the sultry
+heat of mid-day. No shade, no water, no rest; no complaining now, but men
+dropping out with frightful rapidity. All those who were not pure "grit"
+had given in previously, and from this time every man kept up till he fell
+from sheer exhaustion. On every side you would see men flush, breathe
+hard, stagger to the side of the road and drop almost senseless; but still
+the column went on.
+
+At one time the entire left wing of the Thirty-seventh, on arriving at the
+crest of a hill, rebelled, and halted where they stood. It would have been
+well if the whole brigade had followed their example; but as the
+Twenty-second pressed on, regimental pride was aroused, an officer
+snatched up the colors and rushed forward, cheering on his men; and
+closing up as best they could, every man, able to walk, rallied himself
+once more, and pushed forward. Colonel Roome, of the Thirty-seventh, gave
+out early, exhausted by illness and the fatigues of the previous day, but
+followed his regiment in a wagon; and many other officers were compelled
+to imitate his example. But as there were neither ambulances nor wagons,
+nothing in truth for the transportation of the sick but what could be
+picked up on the road, the great majority of the disabled not only here
+but throughout our subsequent march, had to be left where they gave out.
+
+We finally halted a mile from Carlisle, and formed into line of battle to
+repel an attack from the rebels, then found to be in the vicinity. But in
+place of the two regiments, that started eleven hundred strong, only about
+three hundred men could be mustered on halting, and even these were almost
+completely exhausted; while the remainder of the brigade were stretched in
+groups along the roadside, striving to collect their scattered forces
+sufficiently to enable them to overtake the column, and _seven men_ in the
+Twenty-second reported by the surgeon as ruptured, afforded an additional
+proof, if one were necessary, of the severity of the march.
+
+The mere distance marched was not so great, as necessarily to have
+produced such a result, the same troops subsequently marched much farther
+without a tithe of the suffering, but it was a great mistake to compel
+militia, exhausted by previous labor and privation, to undergo such an
+ordeal without food or rest, and its effect on the morale and discipline
+of the troops can readily be conceived by any one.
+
+At last the march was finished, and we were at Carlisle, but so were the
+rebels. For awhile there was mounting in hot haste, riders galloping back
+to hurry up stragglers; and the brigade rapidly formed into line, amid
+hurried consultations of field officers, muttered curses from captains
+who, like Rachel, mourned for their companies "because they were not," and
+the other unmistakable signs which indicate nervous anxiety at
+headquarters. After an hour or so spent on tenter-hooks, somebody told
+somebody something which resulted in our marching ahead, expecting to have
+to fight at any moment. But no enemy exhibited himself, and passing
+through the principal street of Carlisle, we raised the American flag amid
+great enthusiasm.
+
+Blessed be Carlisle--almost the only place since leaving Philadelphia
+where cheering had been heard. We could not appreciate too highly the
+grateful reception we met. The hurrahs of the men, the smiles and waving
+handkerchiefs of the ladies, made us feel that patriotism still existed in
+the state; and when the tired and hungry men were shown to a substantial
+meal in the market-house, and waited on by the ladies of the village (who
+utterly eclipse any seen on the route for good looks as well as
+hospitality), it was unanimously resolved that "Mahomet's paradise was a
+fool to Carlisle."
+
+Having made some slight amends for their two days' fast, the Twenty-second
+marched through the city (without finishing their supper), having been
+ordered to support our friends, the Philadelphia battery, in a plan that
+had been formed at headquarters for cutting off a rebel detachment
+supposed to be around somewhere; a supposition that was strictly correct,
+for a very short time showed that they were _all around_ us. On the way to
+the position--refreshed and almost as good as new--uproarious cheers were
+given for the ladies of Carlisle, the Thirty-seventh, Colonel Roome, for
+everything, in fact, _except_ our Brigadier, whose approach, from that
+time forth, was the signal for the deadest kind of silence. A slight
+which, on this occasion, elicited from that neglected individual an order
+forbidding "this ridiculous (?) habit of cheering." Circumstances, you
+know, alter cases.
+
+On reaching the crest of a hill, about two and a half miles south of the
+village, the artillery was placed "in battery," while the Twenty-second,
+now pretty well filled up by the arrival of those who had given out from
+the privation and heat of the march, formed line of battle as supports,
+and it may be remarked, as an instance of the pluck and the fatigue of the
+men, that, though an engagement was momentarily expected, more than three
+quarters of the rank and file coolly lay down in their places and went to
+sleep. An hour passed, and the heavy boom of a cannon, and the explosion
+of a shell, brought even the most weary to their feet. Nothing was to be
+seen in front; but the thick columns of smoke ascending from Carlisle, the
+bright flashes of light and the frequent reports of artillery from the
+surrounding hills, showed us that the rebels had surrounded the place in
+overwhelming force, and, without affording to the helpless women and
+children an opportunity to escape, had commenced to shell the town.
+
+Fortunately the moon had not yet risen, and the dusk of the evening
+concealed us as we stealthily crept back. On arriving we learned that a
+dash of cavalry had been made into the town, the government barracks and
+the gas-house fired, and the batteries had at once opened, without further
+warning. As there were inside, at that time, not more than eight hundred
+men, and one battery of four guns, and the attacking force numbered four
+thousand, with a much heavier force of artillery, things commenced to look
+as though our present journey would be continued _via_ Richmond; but
+happily our division commander, General W. F. Smith, proved himself here,
+as everywhere else, fully equal to the emergency. While a portion of the
+Twenty-second were deployed as skirmishers on the flanks of the town,
+covered by sharpshooters, posted in the windows of the adjoining houses,
+behind which the artillery were placed, the centre of the town was
+protected by a force, mainly composed of the recent arrivals, concealed
+behind the heavy stone wall of the village cemetery. The Thirty-seventh,
+divided in like manner, were scattered around so as to make the largest
+possible show--some Reserves were also there--everywhere they should not
+have been--who were rushing around indiscriminately, and aggravating the
+Thirty-seventh tremendously by disturbing their ranks in so doing.
+
+For the purpose of protecting our flanks, it was found requisite that
+out-lying pickets or scouts should be sent as far out to the front as they
+could go, to give all the notice possible of any advance of the enemy. The
+service was one of such danger, and the assurances of being "gobbled" by
+the rebels so great, that the cavalry detailed for that duty refused to
+perform it. Colonel Aspinwall, hearing of this, offered to supply their
+places. The offer was accepted, and a detail was made from Company D, who
+were stationed in the vicinity, guarding the barricade across the road.
+The three men selected, at once advanced without hesitation, and spent the
+whole night alone, in the extreme front, patrolling the approaches; and
+performed their difficult and arduous duty in such a manner as to earn a
+special compliment from Captain King of the Fourth regulars, the division
+chief of artillery.
+
+Why our friends, the enemy, did not attack and capture the whole party of
+us remains a mystery to this day--but it is conjectured that some
+skirmishers of the Thirty-seventh, who were captured at the commencement
+of the fight, being no way daunted thereat, coolly told such huge stories
+about the First Division N. Y. S. M., as to "bluff" their captors. It was
+very evident, at least, that the rebels were wholly in the dark
+(figuratively as well as literally) respecting the position of our forces;
+and being compelled to fire at random, threw their shell around in a
+manner most disagreeable to witness from our end of their cannon. After at
+least two hours' rapid firing, the rebels sent in a flag of truce,
+demanding the surrender of the place, very kindly allowing some fifteen
+minutes for the women and children, whom they had not already killed, to
+leave the town to escape the "certain destruction" which was threatened (a
+la Beauregard) if the request was refused; but refused it was by Gen.
+Smith, in terms more forcible than polite; so the batteries reopened.
+
+It had now become a clear moonlight night; a portion of the artillery was
+so near that the commands of the officers could be distinctly heard, and
+the incessant flash and roar of the guns, the "screech" of shells flying
+overhead, and the heavy jar of their explosion among the buildings in the
+rear, seemed strangely inconsistent with the calm beauty of the scene. At
+times it seemed doubtful whether the incessant uproar was really the
+bombardment of a quiet village; for, during the momentary pauses of the
+cannonade, the chirp of the katydid, and the other peaceful sounds of a
+country summer night, were heard as though nature could not realize that
+human beings had sought that quiet spot to destroy each other.
+
+It must not be supposed that any such sentiment, or in fact any sentiment
+whatever, was exhibited on our part; quite the contrary, for as soon as it
+became evident that no immediate attack would be made, the men, whether
+crouching at the house windows, or lying on their faces in the wet grass
+of the cemetery, went to sleep with a unanimity charming to witness; the
+heaviest shelling only eliciting a growl from some discontented private,
+that "it was a blasted humbug for the rebs. to try to keep a fellar awake
+in that manner;" the remark ending generally in a prolonged snore that
+proved the unsuccessfulness of the attempt.
+
+Some time before dawn, preparations were made to receive the attack, which
+was expected to follow the instant that the first streak of daylight
+discovered our position. Officers bustled nervously around, the sleepers
+were cautiously awakened, and all stood to arms with the stern
+determination to resist to the bitter end; but judge of our gratification,
+when the shelling gradually ceased; and in a short time the announcement
+that the rebels had retreated, gave us an opportunity to look around, and
+ascertain the damages.
+
+From the incessant uproar, the scream and report of the bursting shells,
+the glare of the flames, the smashing of buildings, and the other sounds
+incident to a bombardment, which had greeted our ears during the preceding
+night, the general expectation in the morning was to find the town a heap
+of ruins, and the great majority, both of troops and inhabitants, bleeding
+in the streets.
+
+Never was there a greater mistake. It was really wonderful to think that
+so much cold iron could be fired into a place and cause so little loss of
+life and limb. To be sure much property had been destroyed, any amount of
+houses struck, many greatly damaged, and roofs and windows generally
+looked dilapidated enough; but, as in the other bombardments of the war,
+the destruction had been far from universal, and the escape of the
+occupants perfectly miraculous.
+
+The citizens, concealed in their cellars, and the soldiers lying flat
+behind the cemetery walls and in the fields, had almost entirely escaped
+the iron tempest; shells had gone under and over any amount of people, but
+had really _hit_ very few. Some of the townspeople were hurt, but the
+exact number is unknown. A few of the Reserves who were rushing around the
+streets, instead of obeying orders and keeping under cover, suffered
+heavily; the Thirty-seventh, always unlucky, had some hurt; while the
+Twenty-second, with more than their usual good fortune, got off with one
+or two slightly bruised. The rebel loss is almost unknown, but is supposed
+to have been severe.
+
+As soon as it was definitely known that the rebels had retreated, the
+brigade, dispensing with the little formality of breakfast, marched to the
+top of a hill, about a mile south of the town; and after forming line of
+battle in an oat-field, the men, exhausted by the twenty-five miles' march
+of the preceding day and the fatigue of the night, with one accord, lay
+down in the blazing sun and slept till late in the afternoon.
+
+About four o'clock some breakfast (or rather supper), in the shape of a
+little pork and potatoes, was found; but just as we were getting ready to
+eat, the dulcet notes of the "_assembly_" burst upon our unwilling ears,
+and we had to "fall in," dinner or no dinner. Of course we obeyed; but not
+relishing the idea of marching away from the only meal that had been seen
+for twenty-four hours (a thing which we had been compelled to do more than
+once before), a grand dash was made at the pans; and the regiment fell in
+and marched off, every man with a piece of pork in one hand and a potato
+in the other, eating away for dear life, and forming a _tout ensemble_ not
+often equalled.
+
+With the exception of a little picket duty, that night and the next day
+were spent in camp opposite the ruined barracks, and were devoted by all
+hands to the most energetic resting. To some, the day was blessed by the
+receipt of their overcoats and rubber blankets. Happy few! But their joy
+only made more melancholy the condition of the great majority whose
+portables still remained behind, safely stowed in Harrisburg; so safely,
+that as far as the owners were concerned, they might as well have been in
+New York; so safely, in fact, that the owners of one half of them never
+found them again. In truth, from the commencement of our "two hours" march
+until we arrived in New York (just three weeks), neither officers nor
+privates were ever enabled to change even their under clothing, but soaked
+by day and steamed by night in the suit they wore the day they started; a
+suit which, consequently, in no very long time assumed an indescribable
+color and condition. Many managed, by hook or by crook, during our
+subsequent marches, to beg, borrow, or "_win_," some rubber blankets; but
+at least one in six were without that indispensable article, whose absence
+renders camp life "a lengthened misery long drawn out," and more than one
+in four were without overcoats; while plates there were none; spoons were
+very scarce; and the use of such things as forks, combs, and even soap,
+was utterly forgotten, nor could they be procured. Soap, for instance, we
+would think could be obtained anywhere; but unfortunately the rebels
+entertained a notion that if they only washed they would be clean; an idea
+which any one, who ever saw them, will admit to be too preposterous to
+require contradiction. But preposterous or not, they acted up to it, and
+immediately on entering a place proceeded to appropriate every square inch
+of soap that could be found therein; so that when we came along a few days
+afterward, nothing saponaceous could be obtained for love or money, and in
+consequence, the absence of that essential frequently compelled us to
+imitate the habits of our "Southern brethren" much closer than was
+agreeable.
+
+Our stay in Carlisle was pleasant--_very_ pleasant--for in addition to the
+hospitable treatment we received as individuals, our regiment was honored
+by the presentation of a flag from the ladies of the city. But we could
+not stay there always; and at reveille, on the glorious Fourth of July,
+without seeing as much as a single fire-cracker, or hearing an allusion to
+the American eagle, or the flag of our Union, we turned our backs on
+civilization and marched for the mountains, taking a bee-line for
+Gettysburg, where, although unknown to us, the greatest battle of the war
+was raging. General Smith having previously detailed the Twenty-second to
+remain as a guard for the city, we came very near being ingloriously left
+behind; but, at the urgent request of Colonel Aspinwall, and to our own
+infinite gratification, we were permitted to accompany the column to the
+front.
+
+We now formed a portion of a division commanded by Gen. W. F. Smith,
+composed of that portion of the New York militia formerly stationed in the
+vicinity of Harrisburg, and who had joined us at Carlisle, consisting, I
+believe, of the Eighth, Eleventh, and Seventy-first regiments of New York,
+the Tenth, Thirteenth, Twenty-third, Twenty-eighth, Forty-seventh,
+Fifty-second, and Fifty-sixth of Brooklyn, the Seventy-fourth and
+Seventy-fifth of Buffalo, and one or two others from the interior of the
+state, besides two Philadelphia batteries, a few Pennsylvania troops, and
+the regular cavalry from the Carlisle barracks; and from this time until
+our return our adventures became identical with those of the whole
+division.
+
+The day was clear and beautiful, the roads good, and, as we reached the
+mountains, the scenery became magnificent. General Smith himself directed
+our progress, and everything seemed propitious. By noon we had
+accomplished twelve miles almost without fatigue, and took our noonday
+rest (for under an officer who understood himself, this essential was not
+tabooed) in the shade of the woods which fringed one of the mountain
+passes, eagerly seeking information about the battle, which we now learned
+was in progress, and this time our information was from authentic sources.
+About three thousand paroled prisoners (principally of the first corps of
+the Army of the Potomac, captured in the first day's fight at Gettysburg,
+and released on the Carlisle road, because the rebels had too much on hand
+to look after prisoners), passed us during the day, in a steady stream;
+and from them we learned that we were but one day's march from the
+battlefield, and would probably be able to turn the scale of victory if we
+arrived in time.
+
+So eagerly were we engaged in discussing the chances of the battle, and
+seeking to reconcile the different accounts we received, that no one
+noticed a change in the weather, until the rapid drift of black clouds
+overhead, and the dull sighing of the trees, warned us that rain was close
+at hand; in the midst of hurried preparations it came--not a rain, but a
+deluge. Hour after hour, in steady perpendicular sheets, the rain
+descended. In vain were all the ingenious contrivances of leaves and
+boughs; in five minutes overcoats were soaked; in ten, shelter tents
+sheltered nothing but small lakes; in fifteen, even rubber blankets were
+useless; and in less than half an hour all were united in the common
+misery of a thorough ducking. In an incredibly short time, the whole scene
+was changed: what was formerly the road had been converted, by a stream
+from the hills, into a torrent mid-leg deep, through which the released
+prisoners trudged with all the coolness of veterans; the woods,
+banks--everything, was flooded with lakes and waterfalls; and in front,
+bridges rendered insecure, and fords impassable, showed what old Aquarias
+could do when he set fairly to work.
+
+One or two brigades in the advance, suspecting what was coming, pushed on
+and crossed the ford over Yellow Breeches creek before the worst had come;
+but by the time our brigade was ready to follow their example, the creek
+was no longer fordable, and we were obliged to wait some time before it
+was safe to attempt to get over; and even though the men eventually
+crossed, the baggage, on account of either the ford or the bridges, stayed
+behind; thereby acquiring a habit of doing so, which subsequently
+interfered very seriously with our comfort.
+
+After long waiting, the waters subsided sufficiently to allow us to
+proceed, and the regiment started, drenched to the skin, but glad enough
+to get anywhere, if it was only away from those woods; and pushing rapidly
+forward, a short march over flooded roads gullied by the rain, brought us
+to what was called _the ford_.
+
+The popular idea of a "ford" is a clear, shallow sheet of water, more or
+less broad;--at least we expected to see something of the kind. The actual
+ford we marched up to was a thick wood, filled with tangled thickets,
+logs, and the nameless floating things of a freshet, through which a
+mountain torrent, a hundred yards wide, tore and plunged like a mad thing.
+An hour before it would have been madness to cross; but now, by felling a
+few trees across the deepest holes, it had been made practicable, though
+exceedingly difficult, to get over. With pants rolled up as high as they
+could be coaxed (producing a most extraordinary appearance, as may well be
+imagined) the troops--by a series of climbing over the stumps, balancing
+along the slippery and unsteady logs which bridged the holes where the
+current was too swift and deep to be waded, creeping gingerly with bare
+legs through thorny thickets, and anon struggling waist-deep through the
+turbid stream, whose rapid current was filled with floating logs, which
+inflicted most grievous "wipes" on the extremities of the forders, besides
+rendering it almost impossible to stand without assistance--proceeded to
+cross.
+
+Notwithstanding the unpleasantness of the operation, the frequent duckings
+and the no less frequent bruises from stumps and floating timber, the
+sight was so supremely ridiculous that the misery was forgotten in the
+fun. Roars of laughter greeted those unfortunates--and their name was
+legion--who, in their endeavor to keep piece, cartridge-box, coat-tails
+and other "impedimenta" out of the water, forgot about their footing,
+until they were reminded by a plunge from a slippery stump, head over ears
+into the depths of the stream, that that was the first, not the last
+point, to be kept in mind.
+
+A short distance from the ford a halt was ordered, where the men collected
+as they struggled over; each company building huge fires and trying to
+render themselves a little less uncomfortable. Vain thought! Scarcely had
+the fires begun to throw a more cheerful light on the scene, when
+"Brigade, forward!" was heard from the front, and turning our backs on the
+comforts we had hoped for, we squattered up the road. "Squattered" is
+rather a singular word, but it is the only one available to describe the
+mode of progression up that road. And such a road! Considered a bad road
+in fine weather, in a region where there are _no_ good roads, the most
+vivid imagination fails to depict its present condition. It wound along
+halfway up the side of a mountain; and between the steady pour of the
+rain, filling up every gully and making a mud lake of every hole, and the
+torrents which, rushing down from above, cut it into all sorts of hollows
+and trenches, as they swept across to precipitate themselves off the other
+side into the valley beneath, it presented every combination of evils
+which could appal a weary traveler. Along this road, mill-race, slough,
+stone bed--for it was all of these by turns--we pushed forward; but the
+pen fails in the endeavor to describe that march. Many things have we
+suffered and been jolly over, but it is unanimously voted that "for good,
+square misery," the night of the 4th of July, 1863, is equaled by few and
+excelled by none in the annals of the Twenty-second regiment.
+
+As a pitchy blackness rendered everything invisible, a lantern was carried
+at the head of the column, to prevent those behind from being lost. Every
+few minutes we would be plunged into a mountain stream running across the
+road, and which could be heard falling an indefinite distance down the
+other side; wading across this, in an instant, more we would find
+ourselves struggling knee-deep in mud of an unequaled tenacity; and the
+efforts made to extricate ourselves generally resulted in getting tripped
+up by projecting roots and stumps. As those in front reached an obstacle,
+they passed the word down the line, "Stump!" "Ford!" "Stones!" "Mud-hole!"
+Frequently this latter cry became altered to "Man in a mud-hole!" "_Two_
+men in a mud-hole--look out sharp!!!"
+
+The only way in which it was possible to move was by following exactly
+behind your file-leader, if you lost sight of him you were helpless; yet,
+amid all these difficulties, we continued our march, with a calm despair
+that was prepared for anything.
+
+At eleven o'clock at night the head of the regiment halted per
+force--stuck in the mud--even the officers' horses too tired to go another
+step; the brigade itself was lost, scattered for the last three miles,
+wherever a turn or twist in the road had hid the guiding lamp; less than
+two companies were on hand, and many of their number had been left in the
+various mud "wallows" on the way; all were perfectly exhausted, so we
+camped where we stood--such camping-ground ne'er before was seen by mortal
+man--but it was Hobson's choice, that or none.
+
+Imagine a swampy, water-soaked, spungy compound of moss and mud, where the
+foot sank ankle-deep, covering a bank some twenty feet in width, which
+extended from the dense woods to the muddy road; no fence, no house for
+miles; every bit of wood and brush so soaked that one might as well have
+tried to start a fire with paving stones; and you will have a very faint
+idea of the cheerful place in which we lay down, tired, hungry, muddy, and
+wet as water could make us, to enjoy (?) a little sleep. At about one
+o'clock it commenced to rain--heavens, how it did rain! It takes
+considerable to arouse men as tired and worn out as those that lay around
+in that swamp; but one by one they got up with the melancholy confession
+that "the rain was once more too many for them." By dint of patient
+industry a fire had been made, whose ruddy blaze seemed to cheer up the
+scene a little, and clustering around it the awakened sleepers sought a
+little comfort; but it was all in vain. Another sheet of rain; and the
+fire, a moment previous, blazing breast high, was a mass of water-soaked
+embers, around which huddled, for the remainder of the night, as
+disconsolate and miserable a set of bipeds as ever was seen. During the
+whole night but one solitary laugh broke the gloomy silence. A poor
+unfortunate corporal, who had been crouching all night on the end of a
+log, wrapped up in a rubber blanket, falling asleep in the vain endeavor
+to extract a little warmth from the embers of the extinguished fire, lost
+his balance while nodding to and fro, and rolled backward, heels over
+head, into the mud and water which composed the road; whence he emerged,
+such a pale drab-colored and profane apparition, as would have drawn a
+smile from the very Genius of Despair. In this general misery, rank was
+forgotten; even our Brigadier shared our fortunes, and slept in the mud
+like the lowest private. Arising before dawn--if that term can be used
+where no one had laid down--we pushed forward; and a most tiresome
+five-mile walk through the same horrible road, now drained into a sticky
+clay mud, knee-deep, brought us to Laurel Forge, a place composed of a
+dozen huts, a big forge, and nothing else, where, at about eleven A. M.,
+we got a little something to eat, the first for more than thirty hours.
+But _our trains were behind_, broken down, stuck all along in the mud.
+This does not mean much to outsiders; but to us it meant that the shortest
+kind of short commons would be our fate in future, a prophecy which we
+found to our sorrow to be strictly correct. At about half-past eleven
+o'clock, the men having nearly all come up, and a chance having been
+afforded them to get a mouthful to eat (in consequence of the
+expostulations of the officers against the Brigadier's orders to go
+forward without waiting for food) we proceeded on our weary way; and about
+three hours' marching over very good, but awfully steep mountain roads,
+brought us to the spot designated for the division camp, where we went to
+sleep in the customary rain, which fatigue had now deprived of its powers.
+
+At this portion of the march, Judge Davies (of the New York Court of
+Appeals) who had come to the front with despatches, joined the regiment,
+and shared its fortunes in the subsequent movements until he was
+compelled to return home, after our arrival at Waynesboro'. The Judge
+seemed to take a great interest in what was transpiring; and it would have
+considerably surprised those who have only beheld him on the bench, to
+have seen him, in an old linen coat "split down behind," scouring the
+country to the right and left of the line of march, in quest of supplies
+and information for the Twenty-second; displaying, in these pursuits, the
+most invaluable talents as a forager, and a capacity for enduring hardship
+and privation which put many of his juniors to the blush.
+
+The situation of our present camp was most picturesque, the scenery
+magnificent, the mountain air bracing. There was only one drawback--that
+the few wagons that had resisted the embraces of the mud could not be
+brought up to the crest of the mountain where the camp was situated. These
+wagons contained our rations (and precious little of them too); that we
+could not live without eating, at least once a day, was made evident, even
+to the great mind that controlled us; and so, as the mountain would not
+come to Mahomet, Mahomet had to go to the mountain, and the next morning
+we marched down the other side, in imitation of the king of France, of
+pious memory, to a camp where, by hard foraging, at about one o'clock,
+P. M., we secured our breakfast of bread, apple butter and
+meat--_real meat_, and never did breakfast taste so good in all this
+world.
+
+It was well known by this time, that while we were stuck in the mud on the
+glorious Fourth, the rebels had retreated from Gettysburg, and were now
+endeavoring to escape through the mountain passes, and we were reluctantly
+compelled to abandon the hopes that had been entertained of earning
+immortal glory, by coming in at the eleventh hour to turn their defeat
+into a rout. It is evident to every one that it would have made an
+immense difference in the result of the contest, if our division of fresh
+troops, eight or ten thousand strong, could have been precipitated upon
+the flank of the rebel army, exhausted as they were by three days'
+fighting. But it was not to be; and therefore, turning away from
+Gettysburg, we bent our energies to prevent the rebels from securing the
+mountain passes. Marching hastily to one gap we would hold it, until the
+information that the rebels were going to another would cause a forced
+march for that. What would have taken place, if we had happened to strike
+a gap, just as half of Lee's army had got through, is a thing which we did
+not think about at the time, but which we now see would have been rather
+unpleasant.
+
+I will not enter upon the monotonous recital of the dreary marches that
+were performed in the three times in which we crossed the mountains, of
+the incessant rains, the horrible roads, the want of food! One meal a day
+was our usual allowance, and this generally consisted of bread (at a
+dollar a loaf), and apple butter. If we could get meat once in three days
+we accounted ourselves fortunate, and then the animal was driven into
+camp, shot, cut up, cooked and eaten in less time than it takes to write
+about it; and such meat, generally eaten without salt, was not very
+nourishing. Money was offered freely enough, but partly from the poorness
+of the country and partly from the ravages of the rebels, food could not
+be obtained. In this misery all the militia, whether New-Yorkers or
+Pennsylvanians, were common sufferers.
+
+On the 6th day of July, we marched till late at night, expecting to cut
+off the rebel wagon-train at Newman's Gap. It was as dark as Erebus, but
+the numerous lights, and the sounds that were heard as we approached,
+convinced all that the movement had been successful, perhaps a little too
+successful, for it was evident that there were more infantry than wagons
+in our front. The surgeons took possession of a house and hung out their
+flag, a few hurried preparations were made, and the regiments moved
+cautiously up, when the return of one of our scouts disclosed that the
+supposed enemy was only some of the Brooklyn regiments, who had taken a
+shorter road, and come in ahead of our brigade. Considerably disgusted at
+this intelligence, we turned off into the fields which bordered the road,
+hungry and tired enough, and slept in the long wet grass, till in the
+early gray of the morning, we were ordered to "forward."
+
+On reaching Newman's Gap, we found that Lee's rear-guard had passed
+through, about eight hours before we got there, and that the fight, so
+confidently expected at this point, was "off" for some time yet; but,
+though disappointed in this respect, we were compensated by obtaining
+something to eat; and in addition had the pleasure of having pointed out
+to us, no less than six houses, in all of which Longstreet had died the
+previous night, and two others, where he was yet lying mortally wounded.
+
+On the 7th of July, after an unusually fatiguing march over muddy roads,
+rendered almost impracticable by the passage of Lee's army, the division
+went into camp at Funkstown. The place selected was a level piece of
+ground in the midst of a beautiful grove, intersected by a rapid little
+brook, the whole forming one of the most comfortable spots imaginable.
+Rations had come up, and though we had to sleep on our arms for fear of an
+attack from Stuart's cavalry, then in our neighborhood, we lay down in
+first rate spirits and slept the sleep of the just.
+
+During the night it rained heavily; but too tired to wake up for any
+ordinary shower, we sheltered ourselves and our guns as best we might,
+and slept on. At about three o'clock it seemed as though the very
+fountains of the great deep had been broken up, and the rain came down in
+solid sheets, compelling the most tired to rise; we could stand a good
+deal, and, as one remarked, a common rain wasn't anything, but when the
+water got so deep as to cover his nose, he woke up in disgust.
+
+What a sight presented itself on rising! The beautiful grassy plain, level
+as a billiard-table, on which we had lain down so cheerfully the night
+before, was now a lake, beneath whose surface our guns, canteens, and
+other paraphernalia, were slowly disappearing; the little brook had become
+a torrent, almost equal to the far-famed Yellow Breeches, which a few
+Brooklyn boys were vainly endeavoring to ford, in order to rescue some of
+their traps swept away by its sudden overflow; the smooth grass had
+vanished, and on every side nothing was to be seen but mud, water, and wet
+and muddy soldiers.
+
+From three to eleven o'clock A. M. that rain continued with unabated
+vigor. A fire was started under the shelter of a rubber blanket, and
+coffee made, which put new life into our limbs, and we became quite jolly.
+It is a noticeable fact, that where things become perfectly awful--when
+the mud is deepest and the rain the heaviest--there the spirits of the men
+appear to rise with the difficulties of the situation (except when they
+have nothing to eat), and they apparently enjoy themselves much more than
+if they were merely suffering from a temporary annoyance; and accommodate
+themselves to circumstances as though it was rather funny than otherwise;
+nevertheless, we were not in the least displeased when the order came to
+march.
+
+On the 8th of July, the division arrived at Waynesboro', where we were
+annexed to the third brigade, second division of the sixth army corps
+(whose white cross, artistically carved out of cracker, was at once
+adopted by any quantity of the men), and in the subsequent manoeuvres
+which took place, became a part of the Army of the Potomac. We found
+Waynesboro', a pleasant little place, but so cleaned out by the rebels
+that you could not even buy a tin cup; and although our foraging parties
+scoured the country both in and outside the pickets with untiring zeal,
+the results were meagre enough; and during the three days we remained
+(most of the time expecting an attack), we had almost nothing to eat the
+first day, and but a bare sufficiency afterward.
+
+During these three days, by dint of sleeping about all the time, the
+brigade had got pretty well rested, and in the afternoon of the 11th took
+up their line of march for Maryland, in first-rate spirits.
+
+We experienced some trouble on the way, and marched and countermarched a
+good deal, losing three hours' time and our tempers, in consequence of our
+General having forgotten that, in going through a strange country, he
+couldn't get on well without providing himself with a guide; and it was
+not till after dark that we got across the Antietam at Scotland's Bridge.
+Once across, however, a pleasant moonlight march over a first-rate road,
+soon brought us to the border, and when our officers announced, "That
+house marks the line, boys!" it was with no small gratification that we
+shook off the dust from our feet, singing with great empressment the Union
+version of "Maryland--My Maryland," together with a number of parodies not
+very complimentary to the "men we left behind us."
+
+A few miles from the line, we camped by division. Many, in reading of a
+camp by division, imagine a most picturesque scene, of long lines of snowy
+tents being pitched, while trees are felled for firewood, and all sorts
+of poetic things take place. Nothing of the kind occurs. On arriving at
+the selected spot (generally a large field), the regiments file in one
+after another, taking their places in the order in which they marched, and
+break to the rear so as to form column by companies. The orders are given:
+"Halt! Stack arms! _Go for rails!!_" And every man simultaneously drops
+his traps where he stands, and makes a bee-line for the tall worm fences,
+which are vanishing in every direction, as if by magic. One of these rails
+must be contributed to the company fire, and happy is he who in addition
+to procuring his quota, can secure a couple more for himself! Serenely
+reposing on their sharp edges, covered by his rubber blanket, he defies at
+once the rain above and the mud below; or, more ambitious grown, the
+spoils of four are combined, and a shelter, a la rebel, is speedily
+constructed, which is roofed with two rubber blankets, and the proprietors
+lying underneath on the other two, are at once the admiration and envy of
+their comrades. The company rails being obtained, are split, a fire
+started, and supper cooked (if there is anything to cook), and the men,
+after smoking the pipe of peace, lie down, some around the fire, and the
+rest where they halted in the first instance, and in two minutes are fast
+asleep; blessing the memory of the discoverer of tobacco, and the man who
+invented sleep.
+
+At the first streak of daylight all are awake; a hurried breakfast is
+made, or not (generally not), ablutions are likewise dispensed with; the
+"assembly" sounds; rubbers and overcoats are hastily rolled and slung by
+those who are lucky enough to have them; a few hurried orders are passed
+along the line; the troops fall in and march off; and in half-an-hour the
+trampled ground, the ashes of numerous fires, and the ruined fences, alone
+tell that ten thousand men have camped there for the night.
+
+For some time we had been pressing hard upon the heels of Lee's retreating
+army, and at every step new signs of the rapidity of his movements were to
+be seen. He moved in three columns, the cavalry and artillery taking the
+road, and the infantry the fields on each side, through which their
+trampling had cut a path as wide as a city street, destroying the crops
+they encountered, in a way fit to bring tears into a farmer's eyes; and
+throughout the whole route, numbers of wounded men were found, left in the
+houses by the roadside, and deserters without end were encountered, while
+broken wagons, abandoned ammunition, canteens, &c., &c., were strewed on
+every side. Yet, notwithstanding these appearances of demoralization, it
+was evident, from the accounts of the country people, that, though much
+dispirited by their late defeat, the rebel army was far from being the
+mere mob that it was believed by some to be.
+
+It is true that the mountains were full of stragglers, and our cavalry
+were constantly passing us with crowds of prisoners in their charge; yet
+the main army had a good deal of fight left in it still, and when it
+turned on its pursuers, as it frequently did, like a stag at bay, it was
+not to be despised.
+
+From the formation of the ground, in that section of country, the
+retreating army derived a great advantage over their pursuers, and were
+constantly enabled to take positions too strong to be attacked with less
+than the whole Union army, and where a mere show of strength would check
+our advance; and then before Meade could concentrate his forces, Lee would
+be off. At Funkstown in particular, with the simplest materials, a steep
+slope, fronted by the Antietam, had been converted by the rebels into a
+second Fredericksburgh. This was all that saved them, for General Meade
+pressed the pursuit fast and furious.
+
+On the morning of Sunday, the 14th of July, we found ourselves at
+Cavetown, almost used up. We had had no breakfast; and, from a variety of
+causes, the march had been one of the most wearisome we had yet
+experienced. The morning was sultry and exhausting beyond expression; the
+atmosphere heavy, with that peculiar feeling which precedes a
+thunder-storm--and, in addition, our shoes were so nearly worn out that
+the sharp stones, which covered and almost paved a most abominable
+wheat-field, through which we had passed on the route, had disabled many
+whose feet were just recovering from the blisters of previous marches.
+
+As soon as we had halted, the division formed line of battle, on the rise
+of a little hill fronting Hagerstown (to act as supports to General
+Kilpatrick, who had gone forward that morning to attack it), and we then
+lay down to rest, first sending details in all directions to forage for a
+meal.
+
+While idling around, bemoaning the condition of our feet, and discussing
+the chances of capturing Hagerstown, the sultry promise of the morning was
+amply redeemed by one of the most tremendous thunder-storms ever seen; the
+rain fell in torrents (but this was a matter of course, and excited no
+remark), and the thunder pealed and the lightning flashed all around
+us--too near to some. Five men of the Fifty-sixth Brooklyn were struck,
+one of whom died instantly, and the others were badly hurt. A gun
+belonging to the Thirty-seventh was shattered to pieces by the electric
+fluid; and several men in the different regiments were reminded by slight
+shocks that the farther they kept from the stacks of arms the better.
+
+During the afternoon our ears and eyes were gladdened, the one by
+intelligence that Hagerstown had been taken after a sharp fight, the other
+by the sight of our dinner (or breakfast) coming up the road, in the shape
+of an astonished ox, who, when he threw up his head in response to the
+cheers which greeted his entre, was shot, skinned, and boiling, before he
+fairly knew what he was wanted for; and finally, the arrival and
+distribution of a case of shoes to those who were actually barefoot, put
+us all in the seventh heaven of delight. We also found some tobacco! To be
+sure it was poor stuff, apparently a villanous compound of seaweed and
+tea; but only those who have known what it is to see their stock of the
+precious weed vanish day by day, with no available means of replenishing
+it, can imagine our feelings on finding a supply, after we had been
+reduced to less than a quarter of a pound to a company.
+
+At about twelve o'clock the next day, the column camped by division, some
+three miles from General Meade's headquarters, about the same distance
+from Boonesboro', and within sight of the immense train of the reserve
+artillery, at a place where the old bivouacs of the Army of the Potomac
+filled the air with the nauseating smells invariably incident to deserted
+camps. In this delightful spot we waited for the battle which was to be
+brought on.
+
+All were in high spirits;--it was universally supposed that the rains had
+made the Potomac unfordable, "and that Lee was a goner this time sure;"
+but as hour after hour passed without a sound of the heavy cannonading
+which marks "the battle's opening roar," and rumor after rumor filled the
+air, the talk, as time lengthened, grew less and less hopeful, and finally
+during the afternoon we learned definitely that "the play was played out."
+Lee was gone, boots and baggage, and our hopes of taking a hand in the
+contest which would probably have decided the war, were gone with him.
+Perhaps it was all for the best. If Lee gave battle, it would be on
+selected ground, against weary troops, where every man in the rebel army
+knew he was fighting with no hope of escape, and would consequently
+resist to the utmost; under these circumstances, the contest, if not
+doubtful, would unquestionably have been bloody beyond all precedent; and
+many desolated homes, and empty places in the armories of the Empire City,
+would have mourned for those who would return no more.
+
+We were now in the midst of the Army of the Potomac, and it is difficult
+for those inexperienced in such matters to form the least conception of
+the vast bulk of men and material which contribute to form that
+organization; yet, huge as it was, no confusion was visible, and
+everything went like clockwork, even during the difficulties of that
+hurried pursuit.
+
+We only wished that the same could be said of us, but so far was this from
+being the case, that it was remarked by a regular officer that there was
+more destitution and suffering among our little division than among the
+whole Army of the Potomac, and no one acquainted with the facts can deny
+the correctness of the assertion.
+
+It is impossible to express what a relief it was when we once became
+incorporated with this army; for to enter it, was coming once more from
+the scarcity and make-shifts of the backwoods, into the light of
+civilization. We found ourselves again among newspapers, and
+sutlers--people who could change a two-dollar bill and had things to sell;
+where greenbacks yet served as a medium of exchange, and provision trains
+were not more than two days behind time; and in our exultation, we even
+began to entertain vague hopes that, in the progress of events, our
+letters might be possibly forthcoming. It was now more than two weeks
+since a word of news had been heard, either from home or abroad; and we
+naturally were exceedingly anxious for a little information about matters
+and things in general. Our ignorance was painful on almost every subject.
+Vicksburg, we knew, had been captured, but this was all; and even the
+battle of Gettysburg, fought right under our noses, and a common topic of
+conversation, was to us "a tale untold."
+
+On the 15th of July, our time was up, the rebels gone, and there being
+nothing more that we could do, General Meade told us "he was much obliged
+and we could go." So, bidding General Smith a cordial good-by, we took up
+our line of march for Frederick City, _and home_; first, however, going a
+long way in the wrong direction, and having to countermarch back. This was
+nothing new, however, for, whether it was owing to ill luck, bad guides,
+indefinite orders, or stupidity, something of the kind took place at every
+movement that was ordered. The brigade never turned down a side-road, or
+took an unusual direction, without a general grumble arising--"Wrong road,
+of course! see if we don't have to go back in a few minutes,"--and we
+generally did. In truth, we went back so often, that we began to hate the
+very word "countermarch."
+
+It is presumed that those in authority had been informed by telegraph
+respecting the riots in New York; but the first that the subordinates knew
+about the matter was, on obtaining, on the march, that memorable Herald,
+describing how the "military fired on the _people_." If any of the editors
+of that veracious journal had happened to be in our vicinity about that
+period, it is more than probable that they would have been furnished with
+a practical illustration of their text, for a more angry set of men than
+the first division N. Y. S. M., never was seen.
+
+It was sufficiently galling to know, that while we were away enduring all
+sorts of hardships to expel the rebels from Northern soil, an infamous set
+of copperheads had undertaken a counter-revolution in our very homes; and
+the additional reflection of the opportunity it would give our
+Pennsylvania friends to depreciate our state, lent the account an
+additional sting. That day was the first, and we hope the only time in our
+lives, that any one was heard to say that he felt ashamed to think that he
+was born in the city of New York.
+
+As may well be imagined, this intelligence, and the pleasing uncertainty
+existing in our minds respecting the welfare of our friends and homes,
+considerably accelerated our desire to get home again; and we pushed
+vigorously down the Fredericksburgh pike, breathing prayers, the reverse
+of benevolent, for the welfare of the rioters--until we could attend to
+them in person. Under any other circumstances it would have been a
+beautiful march; although oppressively hot in the early part of the day,
+the weather afterward was all that could be desired. The road was wide,
+smooth--tremendously hard, to be sure, for feet, as sore and badly shod as
+ours, and in its windings through the passes of the South Mountain,
+traversing a few more hills than were strictly agreeable--yet more
+beautiful scenery than it presents to the eye of the traveler can rarely
+be found.
+
+That country is all historic ground. Those white boards on the right,
+"covering many a rood," marked the last resting-places of the thousands of
+unknown heroes who sealed their patriotism with their blood in the battle
+of South Mountain; and all along the stone fences and among the trees on
+the left, the frequent bullet-marks tell how hot the conflict raged a year
+ago; for every foot of land for twenty miles around has been a
+battle-ground for the contending forces.
+
+About sun-down we arrived at Frederick City, a bustling little place, full
+of soldiers, and with a large sprinkling of the fair sex, who, contrary to
+the experience of last year, loyally applauded the passing troops. Many
+would class it as a "one-horse town," but to us it appeared a little
+paradise. It was a place where you could buy things, and although our
+predecessors turned up their aristocratic noses at the food there
+procurable, _our_ only grievance was that we could not get any of it.
+Expecting to start directly for home, the division, without halting,
+continued its march through the city to within a quarter of a mile of the
+railroad depot, which, for some unknown reason, is situated about three
+miles from the city, but, as usual, we were doomed to disappointment;
+whether the cars were ready or not, I cannot say; but, after a long
+consultation among the officers, it was settled that we could go no
+further, and at about eight o'clock we went into camp; having completed a
+march of over twenty-five miles since breakfast, with little or no
+straggling. This, we consider, is doing pretty well for militia.
+
+The next day we "loafed," resting under the trees and devouring the stock
+in trade of the sutlers who had come down to see us, restlessly waiting
+all day under orders to be ready to start at a moment's notice.
+
+At about six P. M., the Thirty-seventh and Eleventh struck camp and
+marched off for the cars, amid the cheering of the whole division; but no
+orders came for us, and after waiting till half-past nine P. M., we went
+to sleep. At exactly eleven o'clock an orderly dashed up: "The regiment
+was to take the cars forthwith." The word passed from mouth to mouth like
+lightning, and in less than no time the men were awakened, formed, and
+marching off "for home."
+
+We had to go precisely a quarter of a mile and get into the cars which had
+been standing all day on the track; and how long can any outsider,
+unacquainted with military manoeuvres, imagine it took to get us on
+board? Not an hour, nor half an hour, but _five hours and a half_, by
+the watch, elapsed from the time we started till we got into those cars;
+and as it was raining in torrents all the while, it is not difficult to
+imagine the benedictions that were freely bestowed on every one supposed
+to be concerned in the matter. When we had gone about a hundred yards from
+camp the order came to "halt." After a little time we were told to "rest."
+Seeing no signs of a movement, and a heavy rain having come up, the boys
+unrolled their rubber blankets, and the cooler hands wrapped themselves up
+and lay down to sleep in the middle of the road, while the others took it
+out in swearing. In about an hour "Fall in!" was heard. We woke up, shook
+ourselves, and marched another hundred yards, where the same scene was
+repeated. Marching off the third time, we turned away from the main road
+and struck along the field to the depot, thinking we were off this time,
+_sure_. Vain thought! When we got on the bank, overlooking the railroad
+track, not a car was to be seen, and there we stood in the midst of a
+drenching rain, on a slippery clay slope where it was impossible to sit
+down, tired and sleepy as men could well be, for nearly two hours before
+the cars, after a little eternity of backing and switching, were
+pronounced ready for us. The moment the cars were reached every one threw
+himself on the floor, and, in spite of wet clothes, dirty floors, and
+leaky roofs, knew nothing more till daylight dawned on us entering
+Baltimore.
+
+With the mention of the word _Baltimore_, the word _breakfast_ is
+intimately associated in our minds.
+
+Oh! that first good civilized breakfast, with forks and chairs, and the
+other appliances of civilized life--the pen fails in the endeavor to do
+justice to that repast!
+
+Yet in spite of the threats that were made of the quantities that would be
+eaten; and although it was near one o'clock before we sat down, we were
+disgusted to find our systems so disorganized by a habit of taking
+breakfast late in the afternoon, and omitting the other meals altogether,
+that half the things that were ordered could not be disposed of; in fact,
+it was at least three days after our return to the bosom of our families,
+before we could manage three regular meals a day, without feeling
+uncomfortable; but this sensation soon wore off, and when it did, ample
+amends were made by all, for past abstinence.
+
+From Baltimore to New York was a short and uneventful journey, and on the
+18th day of July we found ourselves swinging up Broadway, glad to be home
+once more, but sorry enough to think that we were denied the pleasure of a
+shot at the rioters in general, and our worthy ex-mayor in particular. And
+although a long and aggravating tour of duty at home was still before us,
+here ended our eventful campaign.
+
+It has been a favorite argument against the militia organizations, to
+decry them as Broadway troops, good for playing soldier, but who would be
+found wanting if subjected to the stern realities of a soldier's life.
+This test has now been made, and the New York militia can proudly point to
+their record.
+
+Marching one hundred and seventy miles in less than three weeks, in the
+most inclement weather, through mountain passes and over abominable roads,
+on ten days' rations, without a change of clothing, in expectation of an
+attack at any moment (our regiment alone forming line of battle over
+nineteen times), they point with pride to the thanks tendered to them by
+General Meade in his official report, and claim that they have done all
+that could be expected of them--if not more; and although smarting under
+the usage they received from those they went to protect, they stand ready,
+if an occasion of similar emergency should again arise, to meet again the
+same hardships, and undergo the same labors; but the next time we hope to
+be directed by generals who know _a little_ about the details of their
+business, and will not have to learn at our expense.
+
+It is an elementary maxim that soldiers will not serve with any credit
+under a man they do not respect; and when they find their leaders ignorant
+of the first rules of military life, obliged to ask information from
+subordinates, and constantly sneered at as ignoramuses by those who _do_
+know what they are about, they speedily become discontented and
+suspicious, and in that condition are worse than useless.
+
+Our Colonel and other officers had learned their duty in previous
+campaigns; and by the manner in which they handled their men, and the care
+with which they regarded their welfare, earned at once the gratitude and
+respect of their command. And this remark is also true of such men as
+Colonel Roome of the Thirty-seventh, and Colonel Maidhoff of the Eleventh.
+But what would have happened to the militia generally, and to our brigade
+in particular, if it had not been for their regimental officers, it is
+difficult to foresee. When we think of what did take place, and what might
+have taken place, the New York militia fervently pray,
+
+"From long marches, wet weather, short commons, and militia generals, good
+Lord deliver us."
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Passages in italics are indicated by _underscore_.
+
+The following misprints have been corrected:
+  "cautionsly" corrected to "cautiously" (page 9)
+  "June" corrected to "July" (page 39)
+  "and and" corrected to "and" (page 44)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Last Campaign of the Twenty-Second
+Regiment, N.G., S.N.Y. June and July, 1863, by George W. Wingate
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAST CAMPAIGN OF 22ND REGIMENT ***
+
+***** This file should be named 32013.txt or 32013.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/0/1/32013/
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/32013.zip b/32013.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d68b47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/32013.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1aebd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #32013 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32013)