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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume
+1, Number 2, February, 1897, by anonymous
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume 1, Number 2, February, 1897
+       A Monthly Serial Designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life
+
+
+Author: anonymous
+
+
+
+Release Date: December 8, 2009  [eBook #30626]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR
+PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, and the
+Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+(http://www.pgdp.net). Some images were generously provided by Internet
+Archive (http://www.archive.org).
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original lovely illustrations.
+      See 30626-h.htm or 30626-h.zip:
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30626/30626-h/30626-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30626/30626-h.zip)
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+      Title added.
+
+
+
+
+
+             BIRDS.
+ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+================================
+VOL. I.   FEBRUARY 1897    NO. 2
+================================
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
+
+                       _STATE OF NEW YORK_
+               _Department of Public Instruction_
+                    _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_
+
+                                _Albany_ December 26, 1896.
+
+  [Illustration: (seal)]
+  _Stenographic Letter_
+  Dictated by __________
+
+
+  W. E. Watt, President &c.,
+                   Fisher Building,
+                       277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+  My dear Sir:
+
+  Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds."
+  Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most
+  beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction.
+  It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+  way to popular favor.
+
+  Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+  I remain
+
+                   Yours very respectfully,
+                   [signature]
+                                State Superintendent.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+    NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.
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+
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+
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+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+BIRDS
+
+A MONTHLY
+
+ILLUSTRATED BY
+COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN BLUE JAY.]
+
+NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY
+OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN BLUE JAY.]
+
+THE BLUE JAY.
+
+
+During about three-fourths of the year the American Jay is an extremely
+tame, noisy and even obstrusive bird in its habits. As the breeding
+season approaches he suddenly becomes silent, preparing the nest in
+the most secluded parts of his native forests, and exercising all his
+cunning to keep it concealed. He is omniverous but is especially fond
+of eggs and young birds. The Jay may be regarded as eminently injurious
+though in spring he consumes a number of insects to atone for his sins
+of stealing fruit and berries in autumn. He is a professional nest
+robber, and other birds are as watchful of him as is a mother of her
+babe. He glides through the foliage of the trees so swiftly and
+noiselessly that his presence is scarcely suspected until he has
+committed some depredation. The Robin is his most wary foe, and when
+the Jay is found near his nest will pursue him and drive him from the
+neighborhood. He is as brave as he is active, however, and dashes boldly
+in pursuit of his more plainly attired neighbors who venture to intrude
+upon his domain.
+
+The Jay has a curious antipathy toward the owl, perching on trees
+above it and keeping up a continual screeching. Some years ago an Ohio
+gentleman was presented with a magnificent specimen of the horned owl,
+which he kept for a time in a large tin cage. In favorable weather the
+cage was set out of doors, when it would soon be surrounded by Jays,
+much in the manner described of the Toucan, and an incessant screeching
+followed, to which the owl appeared indifferent. They would venture
+near enough to steal a portion of his food, the bars of his cage being
+sufficiently wide apart to admit them. On one occasion, however, he
+caught the tail of a Jay in his claws and left the tormentor without
+his proud appendage.
+
+The Jay remains with us throughout the year. He is one of the wildest
+of our birds, the shyest of man, although seeing him most. He makes no
+regular migrations at certain seasons, but, unless disturbed, will live
+out his life close to his favorite haunts. His wings show him to be
+unfitted for extended flight.
+
+Jays are most easily discovered in the morning about sunrise on the tops
+of young live oaks. Their notes are varied. Later in the day it is more
+difficult to find them, as they are more silent, and not so much on the
+tree tops as among the bushes.
+
+The Jays breed in woods, forests, orchards, preferring old and very
+shady trees, placing their nests in the center against the body, or at
+the bifurcation of large limbs. The nest is formed of twigs and roots;
+the eggs are from four to six.
+
+
+THE BLUE JAY.
+
+    Something glorious, something gay,
+    Flits and flashes this-a-way!
+    'Thwart the hemlock's dusky shade,
+    Rich in color full displayed,
+    Swiftly vivid as a flame--
+    Blue as heaven and white as snow--
+    Doth this lovely creature go.
+    What may be his dainty name?
+    "Only this"--the people say--
+    "Saucy, chattering, scolding Jay!"
+
+
+
+
+THE SWALLOW-TAILED INDIAN ROLLER.
+
+
+Swallow-tailed Indian Rollers are natives of Northeastern Africa and
+Senegambia, and also the interior of the Niger district. The bird is
+so called from its way of occasionally rolling or turning over in its
+flight, somewhat after the fashion of a tumbler pigeon. A traveller in
+describing the habits of the Roller family, says:
+
+"On the 12th of April I reached Jericho alone, and remained there in
+solitude for several days, during which time I had many opportunities
+of observing the grotesque habits of the Roller. For several successive
+evenings, great flocks of Rollers mustered shortly before sunset on some
+dona trees near the fountain, with all the noise but without the decorum
+of Rooks. After a volley of discordant screams, from the sound of which
+it derives its Arabic name of "schurkrak," a few birds would start from
+their perches and commence overhead a series of somersaults. In a moment
+or two they would be followed by the whole flock, and these gambols
+would be repeated for a dozen times or more.
+
+"Everywhere it takes its perch on some conspicuous branch or on the top
+of a rock, where it can see and be seen. The bare tops of the fig trees,
+before they put forth their leaves, are in the cultivated terraces, a
+particularly favorite resort. In the barren Ghor I have often watched it
+perched unconcernedly on a knot of gravel or marl in the plain, watching
+apparently for the emergence of beetles from the sand. Elsewhere I have
+not seen it settle on the ground.
+
+"Like Europeans in the East, it can make itself happy without chairs and
+tables in the desert, but prefers a comfortable easy chair when it is to
+be found. Its nest I have seen in ruins, in holes in rocks, in burrows,
+in steep sand cliffs, but far more generally in hollow trees. The colony
+in the Wady Kelt used burrows excavated by themselves, and many a hole
+did they relinquish, owing to the difficulty of working it. So cunningly
+were the nests placed under a crumbling, treacherous ledge, overhanging
+a chasm of perhaps one or two hundred feet, that we were completely
+foiled in our siege. We obtained a nest of six eggs, quite fresh, in
+a hollow tree in Bashan, near Gadara, on the 6th of May.
+
+"The total length of the Roller is about twelve inches. The
+Swallow-tailed Indian Roller, of which we present a specimen, differs
+from the Europeon Roller only in having the outer tail feathers
+elongated to an extent of several inches."
+
+[Illustration: SWALLOW-TAILED INDIAN ROLLER.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED HEADED WOODPECKER.
+
+
+Perhaps no bird in North America is more universally known than the Red
+Headed Woodpecker. He is found in all parts of the United States and is
+sometimes called, for short, by the significant name of Red Head. His
+tri-colored plumage, red, white and black, glossed with steel blue, is
+so striking and characteristic, and his predatory habits in the orchards
+and cornfields, and fondness for hovering along the fences, so very
+notorious, that almost every child is acquainted with the Red Headed
+Woodpecker. In the immediate neighborhood of large cities, where the old
+timber is chiefly cut down, he is not so frequently found. Wherever
+there is a deadening, however, you will find him, and in the dead tops
+and limbs of high trees he makes his home. Towards the mountains,
+particularly in the vicinity of creeks and rivers, these birds are
+extremely numerous, especially in the latter end of summer. It is
+interesting to hear them rattling on the dead leaves of trees or see
+them on the roadside fences, where they flit from stake to stake. We
+remember a tremendous and quite alarming and afterwards ludicrous
+rattling by one of them on some loose tin roofing on a neighbor's house.
+This occurred so often that the owner, to secure peace, had the roof
+repaired.
+
+They love the wild cherries, the earliest and sweetest apples, for,
+as is said of him, "he is so excellent a connoisseur in fruit, that
+whenever an apple or pear is found broached by him, it is sure to be
+among the ripest and best flavored. When alarmed he seizes a capital one
+by striking his open bill into it, and bears it off to the woods." He
+eats the rich, succulent, milky young corn with voracity. He is of a
+gay and frolicsome disposition, and half a dozen of the fraternity are
+frequently seen diving and vociferating around the high dead limbs of
+some large trees, pursuing and playing with each other, and amusing the
+passerby with their gambols. He is a comical fellow, too, prying around
+at you from the bole of a tree or from his nesting hole therein.
+
+Though a lover of fruit, he does more good than injury. Insects are his
+natural food, and form at least two thirds of his subsistence. He
+devours the destructive insects that penetrate the bark and body of a
+tree to deposit their eggs and larvae.
+
+About the middle of May, he begins to construct his nest, which is
+formed in the body of large limbs of trees, taking in no material but
+smoothing it within to the proper shape and size. The female lays six
+eggs, of a pure white. The young appear about the first of June. About
+the middle of September the Red Heads begin to migrate to warmer
+climates, travelling at night time in an irregular way like a disbanded
+army and stopping for rest and food through the day.
+
+The black snake is the deadly foe of the Red Head, frequently entering
+his nest, feeding upon the young, and remaining for days in possession.
+
+"The eager school-boy, after hazarding his neck to reach the
+Woodpecker's hole, at the triumphant moment when he thinks the nestlings
+his own, strips his arm, launches it down into the cavity, and grasping
+what he conceives to be the callow young, starts with horror at the
+sight of a hideous snake, almost drops from his giddy pinnacle, and
+retreats down the tree with terror and precipitation."
+
+
+
+
+THE WOODPECKER.
+
+The Drummer Bird.
+
+
+My dear girls and boys:
+
+The man who told me to keep still and look pleasant while he took my
+picture said I might write you a letter to send with it. You say I
+always keep on the other side of the tree from you. That is because
+someone has told you that I spoil trees, and I am afraid that you will
+want to punish me for it. I do not spoil trees. The trees like to have
+me come to visit them, for I eat the insects that are killing them.
+Shall I tell you how I do this?
+
+I cling to the tree with my strong claws so sharply hooked. The pointed
+feathers of my tail are stiff enough to help hold me against the bark.
+Then my breast bone is quite flat, so that I may press close to the
+tree. When I am all ready you hear my r-r-rap--just like a rattle. My
+head goes as quickly as if it were moved by a spring. Such a strong,
+sharp bill makes the chips fly! The tiny tunnel I dig just reaches the
+insect.
+
+Then I thrust out my long tongue. It has a sharp, horny tip, and has
+barbs on it too. Very tiny insects stick to a liquid like glue that
+covers my tongue. I suppose I must tell you that I like a taste of the
+ripest fruit and grain. Don't you think I earn a little when I work so
+hard keeping the trees healthy?
+
+I must tell you about the deep tunnel my mate and I cut out of a tree.
+It is just wide enough for us to slip into. It is not straight down, but
+bent, so that the rain cannot get to the bottom. There we make a nest of
+little chips for our five white eggs.
+
+I should like to tell you one of the stories that some boys and girls
+tell about my red head. You will find it on another page of the book.
+Now I must fly away to peck for more bugs.
+
+                               Your loving friend,
+                                            WOODPECKER.
+
+[Illustration: RED HEADED WOODPECKER.]
+
+
+
+
+MEXICAN MOT MOT.
+
+
+Mot mots are peculiar to the new world, being found from Mexico
+throughout the whole of Central America and the South American
+continent. The general plumage is green, and the majority of the species
+have a large racket at the end of the center tail feathers, formed by
+the bird itself.
+
+The Houton, (so called from his note,) according to Waterson, ranks high
+in beauty among the birds of Demerara. This beautiful creature seems to
+suppose that its beauty can be increased by trimming its tail, which
+undergoes the same operation as one's hair in a barber shop, using its
+own beak, which is serrated, in lieu of a pair of scissors. As soon as
+its tail is fully grown, he begins about an inch from the extremity of
+the two longest feathers in it and cuts away the web on both sides of
+the shaft, making a gap about an inch long. Both male and female wear
+their tails in this manner, which gives them a remarkable appearance
+among all other birds.
+
+To observe this bird in his native haunts, one must be in the forest
+at dawn. He shuns the society of man. The thick and gloomy forests are
+preferred by the Houton. In those far extending wilds, about day-break,
+you hear him call in distinct and melancholy tone, "Houton, Houton!"
+An observer says, "Move cautiously to the place from which the sound
+proceeds, and you will see him sitting in the underwood, about a couple
+of yards from the ground, his tail moving up and down every time he
+articulates "Houton!"."
+
+The Mot Mot lives on insects and berries found among the underwood, and
+very rarely is seen in the lofty trees. He makes no nest, but rears his
+young in a hole in the sand, generally on the side of a hill.
+
+Mr. Osbert Salvin tells this curious anecdote: "Some years ago the
+Zoological Society possessed a specimen which lived in one of the large
+cages of the parrot house by itself. I have a very distinct recollection
+of the bird, for I used every time I saw it to cheer it up a bit by
+whistling such of its notes as I had picked up in the forests of
+America. The bird always seemed to appreciate this attention, for
+although it never replied, it became at once animated, hopped about the
+cage, and swung its tail from side to side like the pendulum of a clock.
+For a long time its tail had perfect spatules, but toward the end of its
+life I noticed that the median feathers were no longer trimmed with such
+precision, and on looking at its beak I noticed that from some cause or
+other it did not close properly, gaped slightly at the tip, and had thus
+become unfitted for removing the vanes of the feathers."
+
+
+
+
+KING PARROT OR KING LORY.
+
+
+Lory is the name of certain birds, mostly from the Moluccas and New
+Guinea, which are remarkable for their bright scarlet or crimson
+coloring, though also applied to some others in which the plumage is
+chiefly green. Much interest has been excited by the discovery of
+Dr. A. B. Meyer that the birds of this genus having a red plumage are
+the females of those wearing green feathers. For a time there was much
+difference of opinion on this subject, but the assertion is now
+generally admitted.
+
+They are called "brush-tongued" Parrots. The color of the first plumage
+of the young is still unsettled. This bird is a favorite among bird
+fanciers, is readily tamed, and is of an affectionate nature. It can be
+taught to speak very creditably, and is very fond of attracting the
+attention of strangers and receiving the caresses of those whom it
+likes.
+
+There are few things a parrot prefers to nuts and the stones of various
+fruits. Wood says he once succeeded in obtaining the affections of a
+Parisian Parrot, solely through the medium of peach stones which he
+always saved for the bird and for which it regularly began to gabble as
+soon as it saw him coming. "When taken freshly from the peach," he says,
+"the stones are very acceptable to the parrot, who turns them over,
+chuckling all the while to show his satisfaction, and picking all the
+soft parts from the deep indentations in the stone." He used to crack
+the stone before giving it to the bird, when his delight knew no bounds.
+They are fond of hot condiments, cayenne pepper or the capsicum pod. If
+a bird be ailing, a capsicum will often set it right again.
+
+The parrot is one of the hardiest of birds when well cared for and
+will live to a great age. Some of these birds have been known to attain
+an age of seventy years, and one seen by Vaillant had reached the
+patriarchal age of ninety three. At sixty its memory began to fail, at
+sixty-five the moult became very irregular and the tail changed to
+yellow. At ninety it was a very decrepit creature, almost blind and
+quite silent, having forgotten its former abundant stock of words.
+
+A gentleman once had for many years a parrot of seemingly rare
+intelligence. It was his custom during the summer to hang the parrot's
+cage in front of his shop in a country village, where the bird would
+talk and laugh and cry, and condole with itself. Dogs were his special
+aversion and on occasions when he had food to spare, he would drop it
+out of the cage and whistle long and loud for them. When the dogs had
+assembled to his satisfaction he would suddenly scream in the fiercest
+accents, "Get out, dogs!" and when they had scattered in alarm his
+enjoyment of it was demonstrative. This parrot's vocabulary, however,
+was not the most refined, his master having equipped him with certain
+piratical idioms.
+
+According to authority, the parrot owner will find the health of his pet
+improved and its happiness promoted by giving it, every now and then, a
+small log or branch on which the mosses and lichens are still growing.
+Meat, fish, and other similar articles of diet are given with evil
+effects.
+
+It is impossible for anyone who has only seen these birds in a cage or
+small inclosure to conceive what must be the gorgeous appearance of a
+flock, either in full flight, and performing their various evolutions,
+under a vertical sun, or sporting among the superb foliage of a tropical
+forest which, without these, and other brilliant tenants, would present
+only a solitude of luxuriant vegetation.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: KING PARROT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN.
+
+The Bird of the Morning.
+
+
+Yes, my dear readers, I am the bird of the morning. Very few of you rise
+early enough to hear my first song. By the time you are awake our little
+ones have had their breakfast, Mrs. Robin and I have had our morning
+bath and we are all ready to greet you with our morning song.
+
+I wonder if any of you have seen our nest and can tell the color of the
+eggs that Mrs. Robin lays. Some time I will let you peep into the nest
+and see them, but of course you will not touch them.
+
+I wonder, too, if you know any of my cousins--the Mocking bird, the
+Cat-bird or the Brown Thrush--I think I shall ask them to have their
+pictures taken soon and talk to you about our gay times.
+
+Did you ever see one of my cousins on the ground? I don't believe you
+can tell how I move about. Some of you may say I run, and some of you
+may say I hop, and others of you may say I do both. Well, I'll tell you
+how to find out. Just watch me and see. My little friends up north won't
+be able to see me though until next month, as I do not dare leave the
+warm south until Jack Frost leaves the ground so I can find worms to
+eat.
+
+I shall be about the first bird to visit you next month and I want you
+to watch for me. When I do come it will be to stay a long time, for I
+shall be the last to leave you. Just think, the first to come and last
+to leave. Don't you think we ought to be great friends? Let us get
+better acquainted when next we meet. Your friend,
+
+                                              ROBIN.
+
+
+    How do the robins build their nest?
+    Robin Red Breast told me,
+    First a wisp of yellow hay
+    In a pretty round they lay;
+    Then some shreds of downy floss,
+    Feathers too, and bits of moss,
+    Woven with a sweet, sweet song,
+    This way, that way, and across:
+    That's what Robin told me.
+
+    Where do the robins hide their nest?
+    Robin Red Breast told me,
+    Up among the leaves so deep,
+    Where the sunbeams rarely creep,
+    Long before the winds are cold,
+    Long before the leaves are gold
+    Bright-eyed stars will peep and see
+    Baby Robins--one, two, three:
+    That's what Robin told me.
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN.
+
+"Come, sweetest of the feathered throng."
+
+
+Our American Robin must not be confounded with the English Robin
+Redbreast, although both bear the same name. It is the latter bird in
+whose praise so much has been written in fable and song. The American
+Robin belongs to the Thrush family; the Mocking bird, Cat-bird and Brown
+Thrush, or Thrasher, being other familiar children. In this family, bird
+organization reaches its highest development. This bird is larger than
+his English cousin the Redbreast and many think has a finer note than
+any other of the Thrush family.
+
+The Robin courts the society of man, following close upon the plow and
+the spade and often becoming quite tame and domestic. It feeds for a
+month or two on strawberries and cherries, but generally on worms and
+insects picked out of the ground. It destroys the larvae of many insects
+in the soil and is a positive blessing to man, designed by the Creator
+for ornament and pleasure, and use in protecting vegetation. John
+Burroughs, the bird lover, says it is the most native and democratic of
+our birds.
+
+It is widely diffused over the country, migrating to milder climates in
+the Winter. We have heard him in the early dawn on Nantucket Island
+welcoming the coming day, in the valleys of the Great and the little
+Miami, in the parks of Chicago, and on the plains of Kansas, his song
+ever cheering and friendly. It is one of the earliest heralds of Spring,
+coming as early as March or April, and is one of the latest birds to
+leave us in Autumn. Its song is a welcome prelude to the general concert
+of Summer.
+
+    "When Robin Redbreast sings,
+     We think on budding Springs."
+
+The Robin is not one of our most charming songsters, yet its carol is
+sweet, hearty and melodious. Its principal song is in the morning
+before sunrise, when it mounts the top of some tall tree, and with its
+wonderful power of song, announces the coming of day. When educated, it
+imitates the sounds of various birds, and even sings tunes. It must be
+amusing to hear it pipe out so solemn a strain as Old Hundred.
+
+It has no remarkable habits. It shows considerable courage and anxiety
+for its young, and is a pattern of propriety when keeping house and
+concerned with the care of its offspring. Two broods are often reared
+out of the same nest. In the Fall these birds become restless and
+wandering, often congregating in large flocks, when, being quite fat,
+they are much esteemed as food.
+
+The Robin's nest is sometimes built in a corner of the porch, but
+oftener it is saddled on the horizontal limb of an orchard tree. It is
+so large and poorly concealed that any boy can find it, yet it is seldom
+molested. The Robin is not a skillful architect. The masonry of its nest
+is rough and the material coarse, being composed largely of leaves or
+old grass, cemented with mud. The eggs number four to six and are
+greenish blue in color.
+
+An observer tells the following story of this domestic favorite:
+
+"For the last three years a Robin has nested on a projecting pillar that
+supports the front piazza. In the Spring of the first year she built her
+nest on the top of the pillar--a rude affair--it was probably her first
+effort. The same season she made her second nest in the forks of an Oak,
+which took her only a few hours to complete.
+
+[Continued page 59.]
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN ROBIN.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MEXICAN MOT MOT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN. (Continued)
+
+"She reared three broods that season; for the third family she returned
+to the piazza, and repaired the first nest. The following Spring she
+came again to the piazza, but selected another pillar for the site of
+her domicile, the construction of which was a decided improvement upon
+the first. For the next nest she returned to the Oak and raised a second
+story on the old one of the previous year, but making it much more
+symmetrical than the one beneath. The present season her first dwelling
+was as before, erected on a pillar of the piazza--as fine a structure as
+I ever saw this species build. When this brood was fledged she again
+repaired to the Oak, and reared a third story on the old domicile, using
+the moss before mentioned, making a very elaborate affair, and finally
+finishing up by festooning it with long sprays of moss. This bird and
+her mate were quite tame. I fed them with whortleberries, which they
+seemed to relish, and they would come almost to my feet to get them.
+
+The amount of food which the young robin is capable of absorbing is
+enormous. A couple of vigorous, half-grown birds have been fed, and in
+twelve hours devoured ravenously, sixty-eight earth worms, weighing
+thirty-four pennyweight, or forty-one per cent more than their own
+weight. A man at this rate should eat about seventy pounds of flesh per
+day, and drink five or six gallons of water.
+
+The following poem by the good Quaker poet Whittier is sweet because
+_he_ wrote it, interesting because it recites an old legend which
+incidentally explains the color of the robin's breast, and unique
+because it is one of the few poems about our American bird.
+
+
+THE ROBIN.
+
+     My old Welsh neighbor over the way
+       Crept slowly out in the sun of spring,
+     Pushed from her ears the locks of gray,
+       And listened to hear the robin sing.
+
+     Her grandson, playing at marbles, stopped,
+       And--cruel in sport, as boys will be--
+     Tossed a stone at the bird, who hopped
+       From bough to bough in the apple tree.
+
+    "Nay!" said the grandmother; "have you not heard,
+       My poor, bad boy! of the fiery pit,
+     And how, drop by drop, this merciful bird
+       Carries the water that quenches it?
+
+    "He brings cool dew in his little bill,
+       And lets it fall on the souls of sin:
+     You can see the mark on his red breast still
+       Of fires that scorch as he drops it in.
+
+    "My poor Bron rhuddyn! my breast-burned bird,
+       Singing so sweetly from limb to limb,
+     Very dear to the heart of Our Lord
+       Is he who pities the lost like Him."
+
+    "Amen!" I said to the beautiful myth;
+       "Sing, bird of God, in my heart as well:
+     Each good thought is a drop wherewith
+       To cool and lessen the fires of hell.
+
+    "Prayers of love like rain-drops fall,
+       Tears of pity are cooling dew,
+     And dear to the heart of Our Lord are all
+       Who suffer like Him in the good they do."
+
+
+
+
+THE KINGFISHER.
+
+
+Dear Children:
+
+I shall soon arrive from the south. I hear that all the birds are going
+to tell stories to the boys and girls.
+
+I have never talked much with children myself for I never really cared
+for people. They used to say that the dead body of a Kingfisher kept
+them safe in war and they said also that it protected them in lightning.
+
+Even now in some places in France they call us the moth birds, for they
+believe that our bodies will keep away moths from woolen cloth.
+
+I wish that people would not believe such things about us. Perhaps you
+cannot understand me when I talk. You may think that you hear only a
+child's rattle.
+
+Listen again! It is I, the Kingfisher. That sound is my way of talking.
+I live in the deep woods. I own a beautiful stream and a clear, cool
+lake. Oh, the little fish in that lake are good enough for a king to
+eat! I know, for I am a king.
+
+You may see me or some of my mates near the lake any pleasant day.
+People used to say that we always brought pleasant weather. That is a
+joke. It is the pleasant weather that always brings us from our homes.
+When it storms or rains we cannot see the fish in the lake. Then we may
+as well stay in our nests.
+
+My home once belonged to a water rat. He dug the fine hall in the gravel
+bank in my stream. It is nearly six feet long. The end of it is just the
+kind of a place for a nest. It is warm, dry and dark. In June my wife
+and I will settle down in it. By that time we shall have the nest well
+lined with fish bones. We shall put in some dried grass too. The fish
+bones make a fine lining for a nest. You know we swallow the fish whole,
+but we save all the bones for our nest.
+
+I shall help my wife hatch her five white eggs and shall try in every
+way to make my family safe.
+
+Please tell the people not to believe those strange things about me and
+you will greatly oblige,
+
+                      A neighbor,
+                         THE KINGFISHER.
+
+ [Illustration: KINGFISHER.
+                Copyrighted by
+                Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.]
+
+
+
+
+THE KINGFISHER.
+
+The Lone Fisherman.
+
+
+The American species belongs to the true group of Kingfishers. It
+occupies the whole continent of North America and although migrating in
+the north, he is a constant resident of our southern states. The belted
+Kingfisher is the only variety found along the inland streams of the
+United States. Audubon declares that "belted" should apply only to the
+female, however.
+
+Like most birds of brilliant plumage, the Kingfisher prefers a quiet
+and secluded haunt. It loves the little trout streams, with wooded and
+precipitous banks, the still ponds and small lakes, ornamental waters
+in parks, where it is not molested, and the sides of sluggish rivers,
+drains and mill-ponds.
+
+Here in such a haunt the bird often flits past like an indistinct gleam
+of bluish light. Fortune may sometimes favor the observer and the bird
+may alight on some twig over the stream, its weight causing it to sway
+gently to and fro. It eagerly scans the shoal of young trout sporting in
+the pool below, when suddenly it drops down into the water, and, almost
+before the observer is aware of the fact, is back again to its perch
+with a struggling fish in its beak. A few blows on the branch and its
+prey is ready for the dexterous movement of the bill, which places it
+in a position for swallowing. Sometimes the captured fish is adroitly
+jerked into the air and caught as it falls.
+
+Fish is the principal food of the Kingfisher; but it also eats various
+kinds of insects, shrimps, and even small crabs. It rears its young in
+a hole, which is made in the banks of the stream it frequents. It is a
+slatternly bird, fouls its own nest and its peerless eggs. The nesting
+hole is bored rather slowly, and takes from one to two weeks to
+complete. Six or eight white glossy eggs are laid, sometimes on the bare
+soil, but often on the fish bones which, being indigestible, are thrown
+up by the bird in pellets.
+
+The Kingfisher has a crest of feathers on the top of his head, which he
+raises and lowers, especially when trying to drive intruders away from
+his nest.
+
+The plumage is compact and oily, making it almost impervious to water.
+The flesh is fishy and disagreeable to the taste, but the eggs are said
+to be good eating. The wings are long and pointed and the bill longer
+than the head. The voice is harsh and monotonous.
+
+It is said that few birds are connected with more fables than the
+Kingfisher. The superstition that a dead Kingfisher when suspended
+by the throat, would turn its beak to that particular point of the
+compass from which the wind blew, is now dead. It was also supposed
+to possess many astonishing virtues, as that its dried body would avert
+thunderbolts, and if kept in a wardrobe would preserve from moths the
+woolen stuffs and the like contained in it.
+
+Under the name of "halcyon," it was fabled by the ancients to build its
+nest on the surface of the sea, and to have the power of calming the
+troubled waves during its period of incubation; hence the phrase
+"halcyon days."
+
+A pair of Kingfishers have had their residence in a bank at the south
+end of Washington Park, Chicago, for at least three seasons past. We
+have watched the Kingfisher from secluded spots on Long Island ponds and
+tidal streams, where his peculiar laughing note is the same as that
+which greets the ear of the fisherman on far inland streams on still
+summer days.
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACKBIRD.
+
+    "I could not think so plain a bird
+       Could sing so fine a song."
+
+
+    One on another against the wall
+    Pile up the books--I am done with them all;
+    I shall be wise, if I ever am wise,
+    Out of my own ears, and of my own eyes.
+
+    One day of the woods and their balmy light--
+    One hour on the top of a breezy hill,
+    There in the sassafras all out of sight
+    The Blackbird is splitting his slender bill
+    For the ease of his heart:
+                  Do you think if he said
+    "I will sing like this bird with the mud colored back
+    And the two little spots of gold over his eyes,
+    Or like to this shy little creature that flies
+    So low to the ground, with the amethyst rings
+    About her small throat--all alive when she sings
+    With a glitter of shivering green--for the rest,
+    Gray shading to gray, with the sheen of her breast
+    Half rose and half fawn--
+                  Or like this one so proud,
+    That flutters so restless, and cries out so loud,
+    With stiff horny beak and a top-knotted head,
+    And a lining of scarlet laid under his wings--"
+    Do you think, if he said, "I'm ashamed to be black!"
+    That he could have shaken the sassafras-tree
+    As he does with the song he was born to? not he!
+                                     --ALICE CARY.
+
+
+    "Do you ne'er think what wondrous beings these?
+      Do you ne'er think who made them--who taught
+    The dialect they speak, where melodies
+      Alone are the interpreters of thought?
+    Whose household words are songs in many keys,
+      Sweeter than instrument of man ere caught!
+    Whose habitation in the tree-tops even
+      Are half-way houses on the road to heaven!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "You call them thieves or pillagers; but know,
+      They are the winged wardens of your farms,
+    Who from the cornfields drive the insidious foe,
+      And from your harvest keep a hundred harms;
+    Even the blackest of them all, the crow,
+      Renders good service as your man-at-arms,
+    Crushing the beetle in his coat of mail,
+      And crying havoc on the slug and snail."
+                 --FROM "THE BIRDS OF KILLINGWORTH."
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: BLUE MOUNTAIN LORY.]
+
+BLUE MOUNTAIN LORY.
+
+
+This bird inhabits the vast plains of the interior of New South Wales.
+It is one of the handsomest, not only of the Australian Parrots, but
+takes foremost place among the most gorgeously dressed members of the
+Parrot family that are to be met with in any part of the world. It
+is about eleven or twelve inches in length. The female cannot with
+certainty be distinguished from her mate, but is usually a very little
+smaller. The Lory seldom descends to the ground, but passes the greater
+part of its life among the gum trees upon the pollen and nectar on which
+it mainly subsists. In times of scarcity, however, it will also eat
+grass seeds, as well as insects, for want of which it is said, it often
+dies prematurely when in captivity.
+
+Dr. Russ mentions that a pair obtained from a London dealer in 1870 for
+fifty dollars were the first of these birds imported, but the London
+Zoological Society had secured some of them two years before.
+
+Despite his beauty, the Blue Mountain Lory is not a desirable bird to
+keep, as he requires great care. A female which survived six years in an
+aviary, laying several eggs, though kept singly, was fed on canary seed,
+maize, a little sugar, raw beef and carrots. W. Gedney seems to have
+been peculiarly happy in his specimens, remarking, "But for the terribly
+sudden death which so often overtakes these birds, they would be the
+most charming feathered pets that a lady could possess, having neither
+the power nor inclination to bite savagely." The same writer's
+recommendation to feed this Lory exclusively upon soft food, in which
+honey forms a great part, probably accounts for his advice to those
+"whose susceptible natures would be shocked" by the sudden death of
+their favorite, not to become the owner of a Blue Mountain Lory.
+
+Like all the parrot family these Lories breed in hollow boughs, where
+the female deposits from three to four white eggs, upon which she sits
+for twenty-one days. The young from the first resemble their parents
+closely, but are a trifle less brilliantly colored.
+
+They are very active and graceful, but have an abominable shriek. The
+noise is said to be nearly as disagreeable as the plumage is beautiful.
+They are very quarrelsome and have to be kept apart from the other
+parrots, which they will kill. Other species of birds however, are not
+disturbed by them. It is a sort of family animosity. They have been bred
+in captivity.
+
+The feathers of the head and neck are long and very narrow and lie
+closely together; the claws are strong and hooked, indicating their tree
+climbing habits. Their incessant activity and amusing ways make these
+birds always interesting to watch.
+
+
+
+
+THE RED WING BLACK BIRD.
+
+The Bird of Society.
+
+    The blackbirds make the maples ring
+    With social cheer and jubilee;
+    The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee.--EMERSON.
+
+
+The much abused and persecuted Red Wing Black Bird is found throughout
+North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific; and it breeds more
+or less abundantly wherever found. In New England it is generally
+migratory, though instances are on record where a few have been known
+to remain throughout the winter in Massachusetts. Passing, in January,
+through the lower counties of Virginia, one frequently witnesses the
+aerial evolutions of great numbers of these birds. Sometimes they appear
+as if driven about like an enormous black cloud carried before the wind,
+varying every moment in shape. Sometimes they rise suddenly from the
+fields with a noise like thunder, while the glittering of innumerable
+wings of the brightest vermillion, amid the black cloud, occasion a very
+striking effect. At times the whole congregated multitude will suddenly
+alight in some detached grove and commence one general concert, that can
+plainly be distinguished at the distance of more than two miles. With
+the Redwings the whole winter season seems one continued carnival. They
+find abundant food in the old fields of rice, buckwheat and grain, and
+much of their time is spent in aerial movements, or in grand vocal
+performances.
+
+The Redwings, for their nest, always select either the borders of
+streams or low marshy situations, amongst thick bunches of reeds. One
+nest was found built on a slender sapling at the distance of fourteen
+feet from the ground. The nest was pensile, like that of the Baltimore
+Oriole.
+
+They have from one to three or more broods in a season, according to
+locality.
+
+In the grain growing states they gather in immense swarms and commit
+havoc, and although they are shot in great numbers, and though their
+ranks are thinned by the attacks of hawks, it seems to have but little
+effect upon the survivors.
+
+On the other hand, these Black Birds more than compensate the farmer
+for their mischief by the benefit they confer in the destruction of grub
+worms, caterpillars, and various kinds of larvae, the secret and deadly
+enemies of vegetation. It has been estimated the number of insects
+destroyed by these birds in a single season, in the United States, to
+be twelve thousand millions.
+
+The eggs average about an inch in length. They are oval in shape, have a
+light bluish ground, and are marbled, lined and blotched with markings
+of light and dark purple and black.
+
+
+BLACKBIRD.
+
+    'Tis a woodland enchanted!
+    By no sadder spirit
+    Than blackbirds and thrushes,
+    That whistle to cheer it
+    All day in the bushes,
+    This woodland is haunted;
+    And in a small clearing,
+    Beyond sight or hearing
+    Of human annoyance,
+    The little fount gushes.--LOWELL.
+
+[Illustration: RED-WING BLACK BIRD.]
+
+
+
+
+THE BIRD OF SOCIETY.
+
+
+The blackbird loves to be one of a great flock. He talks, sings or
+scolds from morning until night. He cannot keep still. He will only stay
+alone with his family a few months in the summer. That is the reason he
+is called the "Bird of Society." When he is merry, he gaily sings,
+"Conk-quer-ree." When he is angry or frightened he screams, "Chock!
+Chock!" When he is flying or bathing he gives a sweet note which sounds
+like ee-u-u. He can chirp--chick, check, chuck, to his little ones as
+softly as any other bird. But only his best friends ever hear his
+sweetest tones, for the Blackbirds do not know how to be polite. They
+all talk at once. That is why most people think they only scream and
+chatter. Did you ever hear the blackbirds in the cornfields? If the
+farmers thought about it perhaps they would feel that part of every corn
+crop belongs to the Blackbirds. When the corn is young, the farmer
+cannot see the grubs which are eating the young plants. The Blackbirds
+can. They feed them to their babies--many thousands in a day. That is
+the way the crops are saved for the farmer. But he never thinks of that.
+Later when the Blackbirds come for their share of the corn the farmer
+says, "No, they shall not have my corn. I must stop that quickly."
+Perhaps the Blackbirds said the same thing to the grubs in the spring.
+It is hard to have justice for everyone.
+
+In April the Blackbird and his mate leave the noisy company. They seek
+a cosy home near the water where they can be quiet until August. They
+usually choose a swampy place among low shrubs and rushes. Here in the
+deep nest of coarse grass, moss and mud the mother bird lays her five
+eggs. They are very pretty--light blue with purple and black markings.
+Their friends say this is the best time to watch the blackbirds. In the
+flock they are all so much alike we cannot tell one from another. You
+would like to hear of some of the wise things Blackbirds do when they
+are tame.
+
+One friend of the birds turned her home into a great open bird cage. Her
+chair was the favorite perch of her birds. She never kept them one
+minute longer than they wanted to stay. Yet her home was always full.
+This was Olive Thorne Miller. If you care to, you might ask mother to
+get "Bird Ways" and read you what she says about this "bird of society"
+and the other birds of this book.
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN RED BIRD.
+
+
+American Red Birds are among our most common cage birds, and are very
+generally known in Europe, numbers of them having been carried over both
+to France and England. Their notes are varied and musical; many of them
+resembling the high notes of a fife, and are nearly as loud. They are in
+song from March to September, beginning at the first appearance of dawn
+and repeating successively twenty or thirty times, and with little
+intermission, a favorite strain.
+
+The sprightly figure and gaudy plumage of the Red Bird, his vivacity,
+strength of voice, and actual variety of note, and the little expense
+with which he is kept, will always make him a favorite.
+
+This species is more numerous to the east of the great range of the
+Alleghenies, but is found in Pennsylvania and Ohio, and is numerous in
+the lower parts of the Southern States. In January and February they
+have been found along the roadsides and fences, hovering together in
+half dozens, associating with snow birds, and various kinds of sparrows.
+In the northern states they are migratory, and in the southern part of
+Pennsylvania they reside during the whole year, frequenting the borders
+of rivulets, in sheltered hollows, covered with holly, laurel, and other
+evergreens. They love also to reside in the vicinity of fields of Indian
+corn, a grain that constitutes their chief and favorite food. The seeds
+of apples, cherries, and other fruit are also eaten by them, and they
+are accused of destroying bees.
+
+Early in May the Red Bird begins to prepare his nest, which is very
+often fixed in a holly, cedar or laurel bush. A pair of Red Birds in
+Ohio returned for a number of years to build their nest in a honeysuckle
+vine under a portico. They were never disturbed and never failed to rear
+a brood of young. The nest was constructed of small twigs, dry weeds,
+slips of vine bark, and lined with stalks of fine grass. Four eggs of
+brownish olive were laid, and they usually raised two broods in a
+season.
+
+In confinement they fade in color, but if well cared for, will live to
+a considerable age. They are generally known by the names: Red Bird,
+Virginia Red Bird, Virginia Nightingale, and Crested Red Bird. It is
+said that the female often sings nearly as well as the male.
+
+
+THE REDBIRDS.
+
+    Two Redbirds came in early May,
+    Flashing like rubies on the way;
+    Their joyous notes awoke the day,
+    And made all nature glad and gay.
+
+    Thrice welcome! crested visitants;
+    Thou doest well to seek our haunts;
+    The bounteous vine, by thee possessed,
+    From prying eyes shall keep thy nest.
+
+    Sing to us in the early dawn;
+    'Tis then thy scarlet throats have drawn
+    Refreshing draughts from drops of dew,
+    The enchanting concert to renew.
+
+    No plaintive notes, we ween, are thine;
+    They gurgle like a royal wine;
+    They cheer, rejoice, they quite outshine
+    Thy neighbor's voice, tho' it's divine.
+
+    Free as the circumambient air
+    Do thou remain, a perfect pair,
+    To come once more when Proserpine
+    Shall swell the buds of tree and vine.
+                                 --C. C. M.
+
+ [Illustration: CARDINAL.]
+
+THE RED BIRD.
+
+
+    Is it because he wears a red hat,
+      That we call him the Cardinal Bird?
+    Or is it because his voice is so rich
+      That scarcely a finer is heard?
+
+    'Tis neither, but this--I've guessed it, I'm sure--
+    His dress is a primary color of Nature.
+    It blends with the Oriole's golden display,
+    And the garment of Blue Bird completes the array.
+                                 --C. C. M.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ ATTEND THE BEST.
+ CHICAGO BUSINESS COLLEGE
+ Wabash Ave. & Randolph St.
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ Elegant new building. Finer apartments than any other Commercial School
+ in the United States. Thorough courses in BUSINESS, SHORTHAND and ENGLISH.
+ Day and Evening Sessions. Write for catalogue mailed FREE.
+
+                                  Address GONDRING & VIRDEN, Principals.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ WRITE FOR SAMPLES
+ AND PRICES OF
+ COMMENCEMENT
+ PROGRAMS
+
+         MIZE & STEARNS
+         PRINTERS AND BINDERS
+         CHICAGO
+
+ Telephone Harrison 560      346 to 350 Dearborn Street
+
+                                            CATALOGUES
+                                            PERIODICALS
+                                            EMBOSSING
+                                            FINE STATIONERY
+
+ SAM R. CARTER, President.        GUSTAV ZEESE, Secretary.
+
+
+
+
+ CHICAGO Colortype COMPANY
+ PHOTOGRAPHY IN NATURAL COLORS
+
+ ART COLOR... PRINTERS and ENGRAVERS,
+
+ Office and Works:
+    1205-1213 Roscoe Street.      CHICAGO.
+
+             PAINTINGS,
+             WATER COLORS,
+             LITHOGRAPHS,
+
+ and Articles of every description faithfully reproduced
+       IN THEIR NATURAL COLORS.
+
+ The Illustrations in this Magazine were engraved and printed by us.
+
+
+
+
+ WHAT WE WILL
+ SELL YOU FOR $12.00
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ #4 FEET LONG, 2 FEET 5 INCHES WIDE.#
+
+ Oak, Extension Slide, Finished back Quarter-sawed
+ Sycamore Pigeon Holes,
+ Combination Lock on Drawers,
+ Spring Lock with two keys on Curtain.
+ GUARANTEED PERFECT.
+ Can not be duplicated for less than $20.00.
+
+ Securely Packed and put on board cars for
+ $12.00 and shipped C. O. D. with privilege of examination.
+
+         THE BAKER SAFE COMPANY,
+ 47 and 49 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.
+
+
+
+
+ The Best is the Cheapest
+
+ CROWN FOUNTAIN PENS
+ CROWN GOLD PENS
+
+ Received Highest Awards
+      at World's Fair, Chicago, 1893
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ ALL SIZES AND STYLES
+      EVERY PEN GUARANTEED
+
+  CROWN PEN CO., Manufacturers
+ 78 State Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+ ALL MAKES OF FOUNTAIN AND GOLD PENS
+             REPAIRED.
+
+
+
+
+ What POINTS do You Want in a COPYING Machine?
+
+ These points {You want RAPIDITY        Copies one hundred letters in
+ are all                                  seven minutes.
+ contained in {You want ECONOMY         Save copy books, blotters, cloths,
+ Anderson's                               baths, etc.
+ Automatic    {You want EFFICIENCY      It makes the most perfect copies.
+ Copying      {You want UNIFORMITY      One copy the same as another.
+ Machine.     {You want SIMPLICITY      Easy to learn, easy to run; it's
+                                          simplicity itself.
+              {You want DURABILITY      Well constructed of selected
+                                          metals.
+              {You want ATTRACTIVENESS  An ornament to any office.
+
+ FAST--DURABLE--SIMPLE.
+
+ SAVES TIME, MATERIAL, MONEY.
+   SAVES ITS COST EVERY YEAR BY ECONOMY IN COPYING PAPER.
+     EVERY BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MAN NEEDS IT.
+
+ Will allow for your old screw press. SEND FOR TRADE PROPOSITION. Address
+
+    ANDERSON AUTOMATIC COPYING MACHINE CO.
+                      910 Monadnock Block, CHICAGO.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ STEGER
+    PIANOS
+
+  CELEBRATED
+  FOR THEIR
+
+ Liquid Quality of Tone
+ Elasticity of Action
+ Great Durability
+
+ STEGER & CO.
+ MANUFACTURERS
+
+ COR. WABASH AVE.
+ AND JACKSON ST    CHICAGO, ILL. U.S.A.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+TESTIMONIALS.
+
+                                  FRANKFORT. KY., February 3, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK, Vice-President,
+                     Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: I have a copy of your magazine entitled "Birds," and beg to
+say that I consider it one of the finest things on the subject that I
+have ever seen, and shall be pleased to recommend it to county and city
+superintendents of the state.
+
+                           Very respectfully,
+                                     W. J. DAVIDSON,
+                           State Superintendent Public Instruction.
+
+
+                             SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., January 27, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK, ESQ.,
+           Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: I am very much obliged for the copy of "Birds" that has just
+come to hand. It should be in the hands of every primary and grammar
+teacher. I send herewith copy of "List of San Francisco Teachers."
+
+                                            Very respectfully,
+                                                        M. BABCOCK.
+
+
+                                   LINCOLN, NEB., February 9, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK,
+     Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: The first number of your magazine, "Birds," is upon my desk. I
+am highly pleased with it. It will prove a very serviceable
+publication--one that strikes out along the right lines. For the purpose
+intended, it has, in my opinion, no equal. It is clear, concise, and
+admirably illustrated.
+
+                     Very respectfully,
+                                       W. R. JACKSON,
+                           State Superintendent Public Instruction.
+
+
+                                NORTH LIMA, OHIO, February 1, 1897.
+
+ MR. W. E. WATT,
+
+Dear Sir: Sample copy of "Birds" received. All of the family delighted
+with it. We wish it unbounded success. It will be an excellent
+supplement to "In Birdland" in the Ohio Teachers' Reading Circle, and I
+venture Ohio will be to the front with a good subscription list. I
+enclose list of teachers.
+
+                        Very truly,
+                                   C. M. L. ALTDOERFFER,
+                                           Township Superintendent.
+
+
+                                       MILWAUKEE, January 30, 1897.
+
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
+             227 Dearborn Street, Chicago.
+
+Gentlemen: I acknowledge with pleasure the receipt of your publication,
+"Birds," with accompanying circulars. I consider it the best on the
+subject in existence. I have submitted the circulars and publication to
+my teachers, who have nothing to say but praise in behalf of the
+monthly.
+
+                                JULIUS TORNEY,
+                Principal 2nd Dist. Primary School, Milwaukee, Wis.
+
+
+
+
+OUR PREMIUM
+
+ A picture of wonderful beauty
+ of the Golden Pheasant almost
+ life size in a natural scene,
+ plate 12×18 inches, on card
+ 19×25 inches, is given as a
+ premium to yearly subscribers.
+ Our price on this picture in
+ Art Stores is $3.50.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR
+PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 30626-8.txt or 30626-8.zip *******
+
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+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume 1, Number 2, February, 1897, by anonymous</title>
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+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume
+1, Number 2, February, 1897, by anonymous</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume 1, Number 2, February, 1897</p>
+<p>       A Monthly Serial Designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life</p>
+<p>Author: anonymous</p>
+<p>Release Date: December 8, 2009  [eBook #30626]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer,<br />
+    and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/">http://www.pgdp.net</a>).<br />
+    Some images were generously provided by<br />
+    Internet Archive<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.archive.org">http://www.archive.org</a>).</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="notes">Transcriber&#8217;s Note:<br />
+Cover added.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="box">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 362px;">
+<img src="images/img_cover.jpg" width="362" height="600" alt="Cover" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img1a.png" width="600" height="248" alt="intro" title="" />
+</div>
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">W. E. Watt, President &amp;c.,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">Fisher Building,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">My dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em; margin-right: 2em; line-height: 1.5em;">Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first
+publication of &ldquo;Birds.&rdquo; Please enter my name as a regular
+subscriber. It is one of the most beautiful and interesting
+publications yet attempted in this direction. It has other
+attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+way to popular favor.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em; margin-right: 2em;">Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+I remain</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">Yours very respectfully,</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img1b.png" width="400" height="132" alt="signature" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 422px;">
+<img src="images/img_002.jpg" width="422" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Please mention &ldquo;BIRDS&rdquo; when you write to Advertisers.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 417px;">
+<img src="images/img_003.jpg" width="417" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Please mention &ldquo;BIRDS&rdquo; when you write to Advertisers.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 425px;">
+<img src="images/img_004.jpg" width="425" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Please mention &ldquo;BIRDS&rdquo; when you write to Advertisers.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 422px;">
+<img src="images/img_007.jpg" width="422" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Please mention &ldquo;BIRDS&rdquo; when you write to Advertisers.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 434px;">
+<img src="images/img_009.jpg" width="434" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><span class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company</span></h2>
+<p class="center">OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;">
+<img src="images/img_011.jpg" width="452" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">american blue jay.</span>
+</div><p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE BLUE JAY.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 81px;">
+<img src="images/imgd.png" width="81" height="80" alt="D" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>URING about three-fourths
+of the year the American
+Jay is an extremely tame,
+noisy and even obstrusive
+bird in its habits. As the breeding
+season approaches he suddenly becomes
+silent, preparing the nest in the most
+secluded parts of his native forests, and
+exercising all his cunning to keep it
+concealed. He is omniverous but is
+especially fond of eggs and young
+birds. The Jay may be regarded as
+eminently injurious though in spring
+he consumes a number of insects to
+atone for his sins of stealing fruit and
+berries in autumn. He is a professional
+nest robber, and other birds are as
+watchful of him as is a mother of her
+babe. He glides through the foliage
+of the trees so swiftly and noiselessly
+that his presence is scarcely suspected
+until he has committed some depredation.
+The Robin is his most wary foe,
+and when the Jay is found near his
+nest will pursue him and drive him
+from the neighborhood. He is as
+brave as he is active, however, and
+dashes boldly in pursuit of his more
+plainly attired neighbors who venture
+to intrude upon his domain.</p>
+
+<p>The Jay has a curious antipathy
+toward the owl, perching on trees
+above it and keeping up a continual
+screeching. Some years ago an Ohio
+gentleman was presented with a magnificent
+specimen of the horned owl,
+which he kept for a time in a large tin
+cage. In favorable weather the cage
+was set out of doors, when it would
+soon be surrounded by Jays, much in
+the manner described of the Toucan,
+and an incessant screeching followed,
+to which the owl appeared indifferent.
+They would venture near enough to
+steal a portion of his food, the bars of
+his cage being sufficiently wide apart
+to admit them. On one occasion,
+however, he caught the tail of a Jay
+in his claws and left the tormentor
+without his proud appendage.</p>
+
+<p>The Jay remains with us throughout
+the year. He is one of the wildest
+of our birds, the shyest of man,
+although seeing him most. He makes
+no regular migrations at certain seasons,
+but, unless disturbed, will live out
+his life close to his favorite haunts.
+His wings show him to be unfitted for
+extended flight.</p>
+
+<p>Jays are most easily discovered in
+the morning about sunrise on the tops
+of young live oaks. Their notes are
+varied. Later in the day it is more
+difficult to find them, as they are more
+silent, and not so much on the tree
+tops as among the bushes.</p>
+
+<p>The Jays breed in woods, forests,
+orchards, preferring old and very shady
+trees, placing their nests in the center
+against the body, or at the bifurcation
+of large limbs. The nest is formed of
+twigs and roots; the eggs are from
+four to six.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p class="center"><strong>THE BLUE JAY.</strong></p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15.5em;">
+Something glorious, something gay,<br />
+Flits and flashes this-a-way!<br />
+&#8217;Thwart the hemlock&#8217;s dusky shade,<br />
+Rich in color full displayed,<br />
+Swiftly vivid as a flame&mdash;<br />
+Blue as heaven and white as snow&mdash;<br />
+Doth this lovely creature go.<br />
+What may be his dainty name?<br />
+&ldquo;Only this&rdquo;&mdash;the people say&mdash;<br />
+&ldquo;Saucy, chattering, scolding Jay!&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE SWALLOW-TAILED INDIAN ROLLER.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 82px;">
+<img src="images/imgs.png" width="82" height="80" alt="S" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>WALLOW-TAILED Indian
+Rollers are natives of Northeastern
+Africa and Senegambia,
+and also the interior of
+the Niger district. The bird is so
+called from its way of occasionally
+rolling or turning over in its flight,
+somewhat after the fashion of a tumbler
+pigeon. A traveller in describing
+the habits of the Roller family, says:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;On the 12th of April I reached
+Jericho alone, and remained there in
+solitude for several days, during which
+time I had many opportunities of
+observing the grotesque habits of the
+Roller. For several successive evenings,
+great flocks of Rollers mustered
+shortly before sunset on some dona
+trees near the fountain, with all the
+noise but without the decorum of
+Rooks. After a volley of discordant
+screams, from the sound of which it
+derives its Arabic name of &ldquo;schurkrak,&rdquo;
+a few birds would start from their
+perches and commence overhead a
+series of somersaults. In a moment or
+two they would be followed by the
+whole flock, and these gambols would
+be repeated for a dozen times or more.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Everywhere it takes its perch on
+some conspicuous branch or on the
+top of a rock, where it can see and be
+seen. The bare tops of the fig trees,
+before they put forth their leaves, are
+in the cultivated terraces, a particularly
+favorite resort. In the barren Ghor I
+have often watched it perched unconcernedly
+on a knot of gravel or marl
+in the plain, watching apparently for
+the emergence of beetles from the sand.
+Elsewhere I have not seen it settle on
+the ground.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Like Europeans in the East, it can
+make itself happy without chairs and
+tables in the desert, but prefers a
+comfortable easy chair when it is to be
+found. Its nest I have seen in ruins,
+in holes in rocks, in burrows, in steep
+sand cliffs, but far more generally in
+hollow trees. The colony in the Wady
+Kelt used burrows excavated by themselves,
+and many a hole did they relinquish,
+owing to the difficulty of working
+it. So cunningly were the nests
+placed under a crumbling, treacherous
+ledge, overhanging a chasm of
+perhaps one or two hundred feet,
+that we were completely foiled in our
+siege. We obtained a nest of six eggs,
+quite fresh, in a hollow tree in Bashan,
+near Gadara, on the 6th of May.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The total length of the Roller is
+about twelve inches. The Swallow-tailed
+Indian Roller, of which we present
+a specimen, differs from the Europeon
+Roller only in having the outer
+tail feathers elongated to an extent of
+several inches.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;">
+<img src="images/img_019.jpg" width="452" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">swallow-tailed indian roller.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED HEADED WOODPECKER.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 79px;">
+<img src="images/imgp.png" width="79" height="80" alt="P" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>ERHAPS no bird in North
+America is more universally
+known than the Red Headed Woodpecker.
+He is found in all parts of the United
+States and is sometimes called, for
+short, by the significant name of Red Head.
+His tri-colored plumage, red,
+white and black, glossed with steel
+blue, is so striking and characteristic,
+and his predatory habits in the
+orchards and cornfields, and fondness
+for hovering along the fences, so very
+notorious, that almost every child is
+acquainted with the Red Headed
+Woodpecker. In the immediate
+neighborhood of large cities, where the
+old timber is chiefly cut down, he is
+not so frequently found. Wherever
+there is a deadening, however, you
+will find him, and in the dead tops
+and limbs of high trees he makes his
+home. Towards the mountains,
+particularly in the vicinity of creeks
+and rivers, these birds are extremely
+numerous, especially in the latter end
+of summer. It is interesting to hear
+them rattling on the dead leaves of
+trees or see them on the roadside
+fences, where they flit from stake to
+stake. We remember a tremendous
+and quite alarming and afterwards
+ludicrous rattling by one of them on
+some loose tin roofing on a neighbor&#8217;s
+house. This occurred so often that
+the owner, to secure peace, had the
+roof repaired.</p>
+
+<p>They love the wild cherries, the earliest
+and sweetest apples, for, as is said
+of him, &ldquo;he is so excellent a connoisseur
+in fruit, that whenever an apple or
+pear is found broached by him, it is sure
+to be among the ripest and best flavored.
+When alarmed he seizes a capital one
+by striking his open bill into it, and
+bears it off to the woods.&rdquo; He eats
+the rich, succulent, milky young corn
+with voracity. He is of a gay and
+frolicsome disposition, and half a
+dozen of the fraternity are frequently
+seen diving and vociferating around
+the high dead limbs of some large
+trees, pursuing and playing with each
+other, and amusing the passerby with
+their gambols. He is a comical fellow,
+too, prying around at you from the
+bole of a tree or from his nesting hole
+therein.</p>
+
+<p>Though a lover of fruit, he does
+more good than injury. Insects are
+his natural food, and form at least two
+thirds of his subsistence. He devours
+the destructive insects that penetrate
+the bark and body of a tree to deposit
+their eggs and larvae.</p>
+
+<p>About the middle of May, he begins
+to construct his nest, which is formed
+in the body of large limbs of trees,
+taking in no material but smoothing
+it within to the proper shape and size.
+The female lays six eggs, of a pure
+white. The young appear about the
+first of June. About the middle of
+September the Red Heads begin to
+migrate to warmer climates, travelling
+at night time in an irregular way like
+a disbanded army and stopping for
+rest and food through the day.</p>
+
+<p>The black snake is the deadly foe of
+the Red Head, frequently entering his
+nest, feeding upon the young, and
+remaining for days in possession.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The eager school-boy, after hazarding
+his neck to reach the Woodpecker&#8217;s
+hole, at the triumphant
+moment when he thinks the nestlings
+his own, strips his arm, launches
+it down into the cavity, and grasping
+what he conceives to be the callow
+young, starts with horror at the sight
+of a hideous snake, almost drops from
+his giddy pinnacle, and retreats down
+the tree with terror and precipitation.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE WOODPECKER.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>The Drummer Bird.</strong></p>
+
+
+<p>My dear girls and boys:</p>
+
+<p>The man who told me to keep
+still and look pleasant while he
+took my picture said I might
+write you a letter to send with
+it. You say I always keep on
+the other side of the tree from
+you. That is because someone
+has told you that I spoil trees,
+and I am afraid that you will
+want to punish me for it. I do
+not spoil trees. The trees like
+to have me come to visit them,
+for I eat the insects that are
+killing them. Shall I tell you
+how I do this?</p>
+
+<p>I cling to the tree with my
+strong claws so sharply hooked.
+The pointed feathers of my tail
+are stiff enough to help hold me
+against the bark. Then my
+breast bone is quite flat, so that
+I may press close to the tree.
+When I am all ready you hear
+my r-r-rap&mdash;just like a rattle.
+My head goes as quickly as if it
+were moved by a spring. Such
+a strong, sharp bill makes the
+chips fly! The tiny tunnel I dig
+just reaches the insect.</p>
+
+<p>Then I thrust out my long
+tongue. It has a sharp, horny
+tip, and has barbs on it too.
+Very tiny insects stick to a liquid
+like glue that covers my tongue.
+I suppose I must tell you that I
+like a taste of the ripest fruit
+and grain. Don&#8217;t you think I
+earn a little when I work so
+hard keeping the trees healthy?</p>
+
+<p>I must tell you about the deep
+tunnel my mate and I cut out of
+a tree. It is just wide enough
+for us to slip into. It is not
+straight down, but bent, so that
+the rain cannot get to the bottom.
+There we make a nest of
+little chips for our five white
+eggs.</p>
+
+<p>I should like to tell you one
+of the stories that some boys
+and girls tell about my red head.
+You will find it on another page
+of the book. Now I must fly
+away to peck for more bugs.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 25em;">
+Your loving friend,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;" class="smcap">Woodpecker</span>.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 414px;">
+<img src="images/img_026.jpg" width="414" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">red headed woodpecker.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
+<h2>MEXICAN MOT MOT.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 115px;">
+<img src="images/imgm.png" width="115" height="80" alt="M" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>OT MOTS are peculiar to
+the new world, being
+found from Mexico
+throughout the whole
+of Central America and the South
+American continent. The general
+plumage is green, and the majority of
+the species have a large racket at the
+end of the center tail feathers, formed
+by the bird itself.</p>
+
+<p>The Houton, (so called from his
+note,) according to Waterson, ranks
+high in beauty among the birds of
+Demerara. This beautiful creature
+seems to suppose that its beauty can
+be increased by trimming its tail,
+which undergoes the same operation
+as one&#8217;s hair in a barber shop, using
+its own beak, which is serrated, in lieu
+of a pair of scissors. As soon as its
+tail is fully grown, he begins about
+an inch from the extremity of the two
+longest feathers in it and cuts away
+the web on both sides of the shaft,
+making a gap about an inch long.
+Both male and female wear their tails
+in this manner, which gives them a
+remarkable appearance among all other
+birds.</p>
+
+<p>To observe this bird in his native
+haunts, one must be in the forest at
+dawn. He shuns the society of man.
+The thick and gloomy forests are preferred
+by the Houton. In those far
+extending wilds, about day-break, you
+hear him call in distinct and melancholy
+tone, &ldquo;Houton, Houton!&rdquo; An
+observer says, &ldquo;Move cautiously to the
+place from which the sound proceeds,
+and you will see him sitting in the
+underwood, about a couple of yards
+from the ground, his tail moving up
+and down every time he articulates &ldquo;Houton!&rdquo;.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The Mot Mot lives on insects and
+berries found among the underwood,
+and very rarely is seen in the lofty
+trees. He makes no nest, but rears
+his young in a hole in the sand, generally
+on the side of a hill.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Osbert Salvin tells this curious
+anecdote: &ldquo;Some years ago the Zoological
+Society possessed a specimen
+which lived in one of the large cages
+of the parrot house by itself. I have
+a very distinct recollection of the bird,
+for I used every time I saw it to cheer
+it up a bit by whistling such of its
+notes as I had picked up in the forests
+of America. The bird always seemed
+to appreciate this attention, for
+although it never replied, it became at
+once animated, hopped about the cage,
+and swung its tail from side to side
+like the pendulum of a clock. For a
+long time its tail had perfect spatules,
+but toward the end of its life I noticed
+that the median feathers were no longer
+trimmed with such precision, and on
+looking at its beak I noticed that from
+some cause or other it did not close
+properly, gaped slightly at the tip, and
+had thus become unfitted for removing
+the vanes of the feathers.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
+<h2>KING PARROT OR KING LORY.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 100px;">
+<img src="images/imgl.png" width="100" height="80" alt="L" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>ORY is the name of certain
+birds, mostly from the Moluccas
+and New Guinea, which
+are remarkable for their
+bright scarlet or crimson coloring,
+though also applied to some others in
+which the plumage is chiefly green.
+Much interest has been excited by the
+discovery of Dr. A. B. Meyer that the
+birds of this genus having a red
+plumage are the females of those wearing
+green feathers. For a time there
+was much difference of opinion on
+this subject, but the assertion is now
+generally admitted.</p>
+
+<p>They are called &ldquo;brush-tongued&rdquo;
+Parrots. The color of the first plumage
+of the young is still unsettled. This
+bird is a favorite among bird fanciers,
+is readily tamed, and is of an affectionate
+nature. It can be taught to
+speak very creditably, and is very fond
+of attracting the attention of strangers
+and receiving the caresses of those
+whom it likes.</p>
+
+<p>There are few things a parrot prefers
+to nuts and the stones of various
+fruits. Wood says he once succeeded
+in obtaining the affections of a Parisian
+Parrot, solely through the medium of
+peach stones which he always saved
+for the bird and for which it regularly
+began to gabble as soon as it saw him
+coming. &ldquo;When taken freshly from
+the peach,&rdquo; he says, &ldquo;the stones are
+very acceptable to the parrot, who
+turns them over, chuckling all the
+while to show his satisfaction, and
+picking all the soft parts from the deep
+indentations in the stone.&rdquo; He used
+to crack the stone before giving it to
+the bird, when his delight knew no
+bounds. They are fond of hot condiments,
+cayenne pepper or the capsicum
+pod. If a bird be ailing, a capsicum
+will often set it right again.</p>
+
+<p>The parrot is one of the hardiest of
+birds when well cared for and will live
+to a great age. Some of these birds
+have been known to attain an age of
+seventy years, and one seen by Vaillant
+had reached the patriarchal age of
+ninety three. At sixty its memory
+began to fail, at sixty-five the moult
+became very irregular and the tail
+changed to yellow. At ninety it was
+a very decrepit creature, almost blind
+and quite silent, having forgotten its
+former abundant stock of words.</p>
+
+<p>A gentleman once had for many
+years a parrot of seemingly rare
+intelligence. It was his custom during
+the summer to hang the parrot&#8217;s cage in
+front of his shop in a country village,
+where the bird would talk and laugh
+and cry, and condole with itself. Dogs
+were his special aversion and on occasions
+when he had food to spare, he
+would drop it out of the cage and
+whistle long and loud for them. When
+the dogs had assembled to his satisfaction
+he would suddenly scream in the
+fiercest accents, &ldquo;Get out, dogs!&rdquo; and
+when they had scattered in alarm his
+enjoyment of it was demonstrative.
+This parrot&#8217;s vocabulary, however,
+was not the most refined, his master
+having equipped him with certain
+piratical idioms.</p>
+
+<p>According to authority, the parrot
+owner will find the health of his pet
+improved and its happiness promoted
+by giving it, every now and then, a
+small log or branch on which the
+mosses and lichens are still growing.
+Meat, fish, and other similar articles of
+diet are given with evil effects.</p>
+
+<p>It is impossible for anyone who has
+only seen these birds in a cage or small
+inclosure to conceive what must be the
+gorgeous appearance of a flock, either
+in full flight, and performing their
+various evolutions, under a vertical
+sun, or sporting among the superb
+foliage of a tropical forest which,
+without these, and other brilliant
+tenants, would present only a solitude
+of luxuriant vegetation.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img_034.jpg" width="600" height="446" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">king parrot.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE AMERICAN ROBIN.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>The Bird of the Morning.</strong></p>
+
+
+<p>Yes, my dear readers, I am the
+bird of the morning. Very few
+of you rise early enough to hear
+my first song. By the time you
+are awake our little ones have
+had their breakfast, Mrs. Robin
+and I have had our morning bath
+and we are all ready to greet
+you with our morning song.</p>
+
+<p>I wonder if any of you have
+seen our nest and can tell the
+color of the eggs that Mrs. Robin
+lays. Some time I will let you
+peep into the nest and see them,
+but of course you will not touch
+them.</p>
+
+<p>I wonder, too, if you know any
+of my cousins&mdash;the Mocking
+bird, the Cat-bird or the Brown
+Thrush&mdash;I think I shall ask
+them to have their pictures taken
+soon and talk to you about our
+gay times.</p>
+
+<p>Did you ever see one of my
+cousins on the ground? I don&#8217;t
+believe you can tell how I move
+about. Some of you may say I
+run, and some of you may say I
+hop, and others of you may say
+I do both. Well, I&#8217;ll tell you
+how to find out. Just watch me
+and see. My little friends up
+north won&#8217;t be able to see me
+though until next month, as I do
+not dare leave the warm south
+until Jack Frost leaves the
+ground so I can find worms to
+eat.</p>
+
+<p>I shall be about the first bird
+to visit you next month and I
+want you to watch for me.
+When I do come it will be to
+stay a long time, for I shall be
+the last to leave you. Just
+think, the first to come and last
+to leave. Don&#8217;t you think we
+ought to be great friends? Let
+us get better acquainted when
+next we meet. Your friend,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 27em;" class="smcap">Robin</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16em;">
+How do the robins build their nest?<br />
+Robin Red Breast told me,<br />
+First a wisp of yellow hay<br />
+In a pretty round they lay;<br />
+Then some shreds of downy floss,<br />
+Feathers too, and bits of moss,<br />
+Woven with a sweet, sweet song,<br />
+This way, that way, and across:<br />
+That&#8217;s what Robin told me.</p>
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16em;">
+Where do the robins hide their nest?<br />
+Robin Red Breast told me,<br />
+Up among the leaves so deep,<br />
+Where the sunbeams rarely creep,<br />
+Long before the winds are cold,<br />
+Long before the leaves are gold<br />
+Bright-eyed stars will peep and see<br />
+Baby Robins&mdash;one, two, three:<br />
+That&#8217;s what Robin told me.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE AMERICAN ROBIN.</h2>
+
+<p class="center">&ldquo;Come, sweetest of the feathered throng.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 64px;">
+<img src="images/imgo.png" width="64" height="80" alt="O" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>UR American Robin must
+not be confounded with the
+English Robin Redbreast,
+although both bear the same
+name. It is the latter bird in whose
+praise so much has been written in fable
+and song. The American Robin belongs
+to the Thrush family; the Mocking
+bird, Cat-bird and Brown Thrush, or
+Thrasher, being other familiar children.
+In this family, bird organization
+reaches its highest development. This
+bird is larger than his English cousin
+the Redbreast and many think has a
+finer note than any other of the Thrush
+family.</p>
+
+<p>The Robin courts the society of man,
+following close upon the plow and the
+spade and often becoming quite tame
+and domestic. It feeds for a month or
+two on strawberries and cherries, but
+generally on worms and insects picked
+out of the ground. It destroys the
+larvae of many insects in the soil and
+is a positive blessing to man, designed
+by the Creator for ornament and
+pleasure, and use in protecting
+vegetation. John Burroughs, the bird lover,
+says it is the most native and democratic
+of our birds.</p>
+
+<p>It is widely diffused over the country,
+migrating to milder climates in the
+Winter. We have heard him in the
+early dawn on Nantucket Island welcoming
+the coming day, in the valleys
+of the Great and the little Miami, in
+the parks of Chicago, and on the plains
+of Kansas, his song ever cheering and
+friendly. It is one of the earliest heralds
+of Spring, coming as early as
+March or April, and is one of the latest
+birds to leave us in Autumn. Its
+song is a welcome prelude to the general
+concert of Summer.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+&ldquo;When Robin Redbreast sings,<br />
+ <span style="margin-left: .3em;">We think on budding Springs.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<p>The Robin is not one of our most
+charming songsters, yet its carol is
+sweet, hearty and melodious. Its principal
+song is in the morning before
+sunrise, when it mounts the top of
+some tall tree, and with its wonderful
+power of song, announces the coming
+of day. When educated, it imitates
+the sounds of various birds, and even
+sings tunes. It must be amusing to
+hear it pipe out so solemn a strain as
+Old Hundred.</p>
+
+<p>It has no remarkable habits. It
+shows considerable courage and
+anxiety for its young, and is a pattern
+of propriety when keeping house and
+concerned with the care of its offspring.
+Two broods are often reared
+out of the same nest. In the Fall
+these birds become restless and
+wandering, often congregating in large
+flocks, when, being quite fat, they are
+much esteemed as food.</p>
+
+<p>The Robin&#8217;s nest is sometimes built
+in a corner of the porch, but oftener it
+is saddled on the horizontal limb of
+an orchard tree. It is so large and
+poorly concealed that any boy can
+find it, yet it is seldom molested. The
+Robin is not a skillful architect. The
+masonry of its nest is rough and the
+material coarse, being composed
+largely of leaves or old grass, cemented
+with mud. The eggs number four to
+six and are greenish blue in color.</p>
+
+<p>An observer tells the following story
+of this domestic favorite:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;For the last three years a Robin
+has nested on a projecting pillar that
+supports the front piazza. In the
+Spring of the first year she built her
+nest on the top of the pillar&mdash;a rude
+affair&mdash;it was probably her first effort.
+The same season she made her second
+nest in the forks of an Oak, which
+took her only a few hours to complete.</p>
+
+<p>[Continued <a href="#Page_59">page 59</a>]</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img_041.jpg" width="600" height="413" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">american robin.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 459px;">
+<img src="images/img_028.jpg" width="459" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">mexican mot mot.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+<p class="center"><strong>THE AMERICAN ROBIN.</strong></p>
+<p>[continued]</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;She reared three broods that season;
+for the third family she returned to
+the piazza, and repaired the first nest.
+The following Spring she came again
+to the piazza, but selected another
+pillar for the site of her domicile, the
+construction of which was a decided
+improvement upon the first. For the
+next nest she returned to the Oak and
+raised a second story on the old one of
+the previous year, but making it much
+more symmetrical than the one beneath.
+The present season her first dwelling
+was as before, erected on a pillar of
+the piazza&mdash;as fine a structure as I
+ever saw this species build. When
+this brood was fledged she again
+repaired to the Oak, and reared a
+third story on the old domicile, using
+the moss before mentioned, making a
+very elaborate affair, and finally
+finishing up by festooning it with long
+sprays of moss. This bird and her
+mate were quite tame. I fed them
+with whortleberries, which they
+seemed to relish, and they would come
+almost to my feet to get them.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The amount of food which the
+young robin is capable of absorbing is
+enormous. A couple of vigorous,
+half-grown birds have been fed, and
+in twelve hours devoured ravenously,
+sixty-eight earth worms, weighing
+thirty-four pennyweight, or forty-one
+per cent more than their own weight.
+A man at this rate should eat about
+seventy pounds of flesh per day, and
+drink five or six gallons of water.</p>
+
+<p>The following poem by the good
+Quaker poet Whittier is sweet because
+<em>he</em> wrote it, interesting because it
+recites an old legend which incidentally
+explains the color of the robin&#8217;s breast,
+and unique because it is one of the
+few poems about our American bird.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p class="center"><strong>THE ROBIN.</strong></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+ My old Welsh neighbor over the way<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Crept slowly out in the sun of spring,</span><br />
+ Pushed from her ears the locks of gray,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And listened to hear the robin sing.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+ Her grandson, playing at marbles, stopped,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And&mdash;cruel in sport, as boys will be&mdash;</span><br />
+ Tossed a stone at the bird, who hopped<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">From bough to bough in the apple tree.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;Nay!&rdquo; said the grandmother; &ldquo;have you not heard,</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">My poor, bad boy! of the fiery pit,</span><br />
+ And how, drop by drop, this merciful bird<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carries the water that quenches it?</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;He brings cool dew in his little bill,</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And lets it fall on the souls of sin:</span><br />
+ You can see the mark on his red breast still<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of fires that scorch as he drops it in.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;My poor Bron rhuddyn! my breast-burned bird,</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Singing so sweetly from limb to limb,</span><br />
+ Very dear to the heart of Our Lord<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Is he who pities the lost like Him.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;Amen!&rdquo; I said to the beautiful myth;</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">&ldquo;Sing, bird of God, in my heart as well:</span><br />
+ Each good thought is a drop wherewith<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">To cool and lessen the fires of hell.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;Prayers of love like rain-drops fall,</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tears of pity are cooling dew,</span><br />
+ And dear to the heart of Our Lord are all<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who suffer like Him in the good they do.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE KINGFISHER.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Dear Children:</p>
+
+<p>I shall soon arrive from the
+south. I hear that all the birds
+are going to tell stories to the
+boys and girls.</p>
+
+<p>I have never talked much with
+children myself for I never really
+cared for people. They used to
+say that the dead body of a
+Kingfisher kept them safe in
+war and they said also that it
+protected them in lightning.</p>
+
+<p>Even now in some places in
+France they call us the moth
+birds, for they believe that our
+bodies will keep away moths
+from woolen cloth.</p>
+
+<p>I wish that people would not
+believe such things about us.
+Perhaps you cannot understand
+me when I talk. You may think
+that you hear only a child&#8217;s
+rattle.</p>
+
+<p>Listen again! It is I, the
+Kingfisher. That sound is my
+way of talking. I live in the
+deep woods. I own a beautiful
+stream and a clear, cool lake.
+Oh, the little fish in that lake
+are good enough for a king
+to eat! I know, for I am a king.</p>
+
+<p>You may see me or some of
+my mates near the lake any
+pleasant day. People used to
+say that we always brought
+pleasant weather. That is a
+joke. It is the pleasant weather
+that always brings us from our
+homes. When it storms or rains
+we cannot see the fish in the lake.
+Then we may as well stay in our nests.</p>
+
+<p>My home once belonged to a
+water rat. He dug the fine hall
+in the gravel bank in my stream.
+It is nearly six feet long. The
+end of it is just the kind of a
+place for a nest. It is warm,
+dry and dark. In June my wife
+and I will settle down in it. By
+that time we shall have the nest
+well lined with fish bones. We
+shall put in some dried grass too.
+The fish bones make a fine lining
+for a nest. You know we
+swallow the fish whole, but we
+save all the bones for our nest.</p>
+
+<p>I shall help my wife hatch her
+five white eggs and shall try in
+every way to make my family safe.</p>
+
+<p>Please tell the people not to
+believe those strange things
+about me and you will greatly
+oblige,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;">A neighbor,</span><br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 36em;" class="smcap">The Kingfisher</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 456px;">
+<img src="images/img_048.jpg" width="456" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">kingfisher.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em; font-size: small">Copyrighted by</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 18em; font-size: small">Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE KINGFISHER.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>The Lone Fisherman.</strong></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HE American species belongs
+to the true group of Kingfishers.
+It occupies the whole
+continent of North America
+and although migrating in the north,
+he is a constant resident of our southern
+states. The belted Kingfisher is
+the only variety found along the
+inland streams of the United States.
+Audubon declares that &ldquo;belted&rdquo; should
+apply only to the female, however.</p>
+
+<p>Like most birds of brilliant plumage,
+the Kingfisher prefers a quiet and
+secluded haunt. It loves the little
+trout streams, with wooded and precipitous
+banks, the still ponds and
+small lakes, ornamental waters in
+parks, where it is not molested, and
+the sides of sluggish rivers, drains and
+mill-ponds.</p>
+
+<p>Here in such a haunt the bird often
+flits past like an indistinct gleam of
+bluish light. Fortune may sometimes
+favor the observer and the bird may
+alight on some twig over the stream,
+its weight causing it to sway gently to
+and fro. It eagerly scans the shoal of
+young trout sporting in the pool below,
+when suddenly it drops down into the
+water, and, almost before the observer
+is aware of the fact, is back again to
+its perch with a struggling fish in its
+beak. A few blows on the branch and
+its prey is ready for the dexterous
+movement of the bill, which places it
+in a position for swallowing. Sometimes
+the captured fish is adroitly
+jerked into the air and caught as it
+falls.</p>
+
+<p>Fish is the principal food of the
+Kingfisher; but it also eats various
+kinds of insects, shrimps, and even
+small crabs. It rears its young in a
+hole, which is made in the banks of
+the stream it frequents. It is a slatternly
+bird, fouls its own nest and its
+peerless eggs. The nesting hole is
+bored rather slowly, and takes from
+one to two weeks to complete. Six or
+eight white glossy eggs are laid, sometimes
+on the bare soil, but often on the
+fish bones which, being indigestible,
+are thrown up by the bird in pellets.</p>
+
+<p>The Kingfisher has a crest of feathers
+on the top of his head, which he
+raises and lowers, especially when trying
+to drive intruders away from his nest.</p>
+
+<p>The plumage is compact and oily,
+making it almost impervious to water.
+The flesh is fishy and disagreeable to the
+taste, but the eggs are said to be good
+eating. The wings are long and
+pointed and the bill longer than the
+head. The voice is harsh and monotonous.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that few birds are connected
+with more fables than the Kingfisher.
+The superstition that a dead
+Kingfisher when suspended by the
+throat, would turn its beak to that
+particular point of the compass from
+which the wind blew, is now dead.
+It was also supposed to possess many
+astonishing virtues, as that its dried
+body would avert thunderbolts, and
+if kept in a wardrobe would preserve
+from moths the woolen stuffs and the
+like contained in it.</p>
+
+<p>Under the name of &ldquo;halcyon,&rdquo; it
+was fabled by the ancients to build its
+nest on the surface of the sea, and to
+have the power of calming the troubled
+waves during its period of incubation;
+hence the phrase &ldquo;halcyon days.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>A pair of Kingfishers have had their
+residence in a bank at the south end
+of Washington Park, Chicago, for at
+least three seasons past. We have
+watched the Kingfisher from secluded
+spots on Long Island ponds and tidal
+streams, where his peculiar laughing
+note is the same as that which greets
+the ear of the fisherman on far inland
+streams on still summer days.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE BLACKBIRD.</h2>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16em;">
+&ldquo;I could not think so plain a bird<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Could sing so fine a song.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 13em;">
+One on another against the wall<br />
+Pile up the books&mdash;I am done with them all;<br />
+I shall be wise, if I ever am wise,<br />
+Out of my own ears, and of my own eyes.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 13em;">
+One day of the woods and their balmy light&mdash;<br />
+One hour on the top of a breezy hill,<br />
+There in the sassafras all out of sight<br />
+The Blackbird is splitting his slender bill<br />
+For the ease of his heart:<br />
+              <span style="margin-left: 6em;">Do you think if he said</span><br />
+&ldquo;I will sing like this bird with the mud colored back<br />
+And the two little spots of gold over his eyes,<br />
+Or like to this shy little creature that flies<br />
+So low to the ground, with the amethyst rings<br />
+About her small throat&mdash;all alive when she sings<br />
+With a glitter of shivering green&mdash;for the rest,<br />
+Gray shading to gray, with the sheen of her breast<br />
+Half rose and half fawn&mdash;<br />
+              <span style="margin-left: 6em;">Or like this one so proud,</span><br />
+That flutters so restless, and cries out so loud,<br />
+With stiff horny beak and a top-knotted head,<br />
+And a lining of scarlet laid under his wings&mdash;&rdquo;<br />
+Do you think, if he said, &ldquo;I&#8217;m ashamed to be black!&rdquo;<br />
+That he could have shaken the sassafras-tree<br />
+As he does with the song he was born to? not he!<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 15em;">&mdash;</span><span class="smcap">Alice Cary.</span></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 13em;">
+&ldquo;Do you ne&#8217;er think what wondrous beings these?<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Do you ne&#8217;er think who made them&mdash;who taught</span><br />
+The dialect they speak, where melodies<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alone are the interpreters of thought?</span><br />
+Whose household words are songs in many keys,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweeter than instrument of man ere caught!</span><br />
+Whose habitation in the tree-tops even<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Are half-way houses on the road to heaven!</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" style="letter-spacing: 1em;">* * * * * * *</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 13em;">
+&ldquo;You call them thieves or pillagers; but know,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">They are the winged wardens of your farms,</span><br />
+Who from the cornfields drive the insidious foe,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And from your harvest keep a hundred harms;</span><br />
+Even the blackest of them all, the crow,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Renders good service as your man-at-arms,</span><br />
+Crushing the beetle in his coat of mail,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And crying havoc on the slug and snail.&rdquo;</span><br />
+             <span style="margin-left: 5em;">&mdash;</span><span class="smcap">From &ldquo;The Birds of Killingworth.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 441px;">
+<img src="images/img_055.jpg" width="441" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">blue mountain lory.</span>
+</div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>BLUE MOUNTAIN LORY.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HIS bird inhabits the vast plains
+of the interior of New South
+Wales. It is one of the handsomest,
+not only of the Australian
+Parrots, but takes foremost
+place among the most gorgeously
+dressed members of the Parrot
+family that are to be met with in any
+part of the world. It is about eleven
+or twelve inches in length. The
+female cannot with certainty be distinguished
+from her mate, but is usually
+a very little smaller. The Lory seldom
+descends to the ground, but passes
+the greater part of its life among the
+gum trees upon the pollen and nectar
+on which it mainly subsists. In times
+of scarcity, however, it will also eat
+grass seeds, as well as insects, for want
+of which it is said, it often dies prematurely
+when in captivity.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Russ mentions that a pair obtained
+from a London dealer in 1870
+for fifty dollars were the first of these
+birds imported, but the London Zoological
+Society had secured some of
+them two years before.</p>
+
+<p>Despite his beauty, the Blue Mountain
+Lory is not a desirable bird to
+keep, as he requires great care. A
+female which survived six years in an
+aviary, laying several eggs, though
+kept singly, was fed on canary seed,
+maize, a little sugar, raw beef and carrots.
+W. Gedney seems to have been
+peculiarly happy in his specimens,
+remarking, &ldquo;But for the terribly sudden
+death which so often overtakes
+these birds, they would be the most
+charming feathered pets that a lady
+could possess, having neither the power
+nor inclination to bite savagely.&rdquo; The
+same writer&#8217;s recommendation to feed
+this Lory exclusively upon soft food,
+in which honey forms a great part,
+probably accounts for his advice to
+those &ldquo;whose susceptible natures would
+be shocked&rdquo; by the sudden death of
+their favorite, not to become the owner
+of a Blue Mountain Lory.</p>
+
+<p>Like all the parrot family these
+Lories breed in hollow boughs, where
+the female deposits from three to four
+white eggs, upon which she sits for
+twenty-one days. The young from
+the first resemble their parents closely,
+but are a trifle less brilliantly colored.</p>
+
+<p>They are very active and graceful,
+but have an abominable shriek. The
+noise is said to be nearly as disagreeable
+as the plumage is beautiful. They
+are very quarrelsome and have to be
+kept apart from the other parrots, which
+they will kill. Other species of birds
+however, are not disturbed by them.
+It is a sort of family animosity. They
+have been bred in captivity.</p>
+
+<p>The feathers of the head and neck
+are long and very narrow and lie
+closely together; the claws are strong
+and hooked, indicating their tree
+climbing habits. Their incessant activity
+and amusing ways make these birds
+always interesting to watch.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED WING BLACK BIRD.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>The Bird of Society.</strong></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+The blackbirds make the maples ring<br />
+With social cheer and jubilee;<br />
+The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Emerson.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HE much abused and persecuted
+Red Wing Black Bird is found
+throughout North America,
+from the Atlantic to the Pacific;
+and it breeds more or less abundantly
+wherever found. In New England
+it is generally migratory, though
+instances are on record where a few
+have been known to remain throughout
+the winter in Massachusetts. Passing,
+in January, through the lower
+counties of Virginia, one frequently
+witnesses the aerial evolutions of great
+numbers of these birds. Sometimes
+they appear as if driven about like an
+enormous black cloud carried before
+the wind, varying every moment in
+shape. Sometimes they rise suddenly
+from the fields with a noise like thunder,
+while the glittering of innumerable
+wings of the brightest vermillion,
+amid the black cloud, occasion a very
+striking effect. At times the whole
+congregated multitude will suddenly
+alight in some detached grove and
+commence one general concert, that
+can plainly be distinguished at the
+distance of more than two miles. With
+the Redwings the whole winter season
+seems one continued carnival. They
+find abundant food in the old fields of
+rice, buckwheat and grain, and much
+of their time is spent in aerial movements,
+or in grand vocal performances.</p>
+
+<p>The Redwings, for their nest, always
+select either the borders of streams or
+low marshy situations, amongst thick
+bunches of reeds. One nest was found
+built on a slender sapling at the distance
+of fourteen feet from the ground.
+The nest was pensile, like that of the
+Baltimore Oriole.</p>
+
+<p>They have from one to three or more
+broods in a season, according to
+locality.</p>
+
+<p>In the grain growing states they
+gather in immense swarms and commit
+havoc, and although they are shot
+in great numbers, and though their
+ranks are thinned by the attacks of
+hawks, it seems to have but little
+effect upon the survivors.</p>
+
+<p>On the other hand, these Black
+Birds more than compensate the farmer
+for their mischief by the benefit they
+confer in the destruction of grub
+worms, caterpillars, and various kinds
+of larvae, the secret and deadly enemies
+of vegetation. It has been estimated
+the number of insects destroyed by
+these birds in a single season, in the
+United States, to be twelve thousand
+millions.</p>
+
+<p>The eggs average about an inch in
+length. They are oval in shape, have
+a light bluish ground, and are marbled,
+lined and blotched with markings of
+light and dark purple and black.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<p class="center"><strong>BLACKBIRD.</strong></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 16.5em;">
+&#8217;Tis a woodland enchanted!<br />
+By no sadder spirit<br />
+Than blackbirds and thrushes,<br />
+That whistle to cheer it<br />
+All day in the bushes,<br />
+This woodland is haunted;<br />
+And in a small clearing,<br />
+Beyond sight or hearing<br />
+Of human annoyance,<br />
+The little fount gushes.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lowell</span>.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 440px;">
+<img src="images/img_062.jpg" width="440" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">red-wing black bird.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE BIRD OF SOCIETY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The blackbird loves to be one
+of a great flock. He talks, sings
+or scolds from morning until
+night. He cannot keep still. He
+will only stay alone with his
+family a few months in the summer.
+That is the reason he is
+called the &ldquo;Bird of Society.&rdquo;
+When he is merry, he gaily
+sings, &ldquo;Conk-quer-ree.&rdquo; When
+he is angry or frightened he
+screams, &ldquo;Chock! Chock!&rdquo;
+When he is flying or bathing he
+gives a sweet note which sounds
+like ee-u-u. He can chirp&mdash;chick,
+check, chuck, to his little
+ones as softly as any other bird.
+But only his best friends ever
+hear his sweetest tones, for the
+Blackbirds do not know how to
+be polite. They all talk at once.
+That is why most people think
+they only scream and chatter.
+Did you ever hear the blackbirds
+in the cornfields? If the
+farmers thought about it perhaps
+they would feel that part
+of every corn crop belongs to the
+Blackbirds. When the corn is
+young, the farmer cannot see the
+grubs which are eating the young
+plants. The Blackbirds can.
+They feed them to their babies&mdash;many
+thousands in a day.
+That is the way the crops are
+saved for the farmer. But he
+never thinks of that. Later when
+the Blackbirds come for their
+share of the corn the farmer
+says, &ldquo;No, they shall not have
+my corn. I must stop that
+quickly.&rdquo; Perhaps the Blackbirds
+said the same thing to
+the grubs in the spring. It is
+hard to have justice for everyone.</p>
+
+<p>In April the Blackbird and his
+mate leave the noisy company.
+They seek a cosy home near the
+water where they can be quiet
+until August. They usually
+choose a swampy place among
+low shrubs and rushes. Here
+in the deep nest of coarse grass,
+moss and mud the mother bird
+lays her five eggs. They are
+very pretty&mdash;light blue with purple
+and black markings. Their
+friends say this is the best time
+to watch the blackbirds. In the
+flock they are all so much alike
+we cannot tell one from another.
+You would like to hear of some
+of the wise things Blackbirds
+do when they are tame.</p>
+
+<p>One friend of the birds turned
+her home into a great open bird
+cage. Her chair was the favorite
+perch of her birds. She
+never kept them one minute
+longer than they wanted to stay.
+Yet her home was always full.
+This was Olive Thorne Miller.
+If you care to, you might ask
+mother to get &ldquo;Bird Ways&rdquo; and
+read you what she says about
+this &ldquo;bird of society&rdquo; and the
+other birds of this book.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE AMERICAN RED BIRD.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px;">
+<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>MERICAN RED BIRDS are
+among our most common
+cage birds, and are very generally
+known in Europe,
+numbers of them having
+been carried over both to France and
+England. Their notes are varied and
+musical; many of them resembling the
+high notes of a fife, and are nearly as
+loud. They are in song from March
+to September, beginning at the first
+appearance of dawn and repeating
+successively twenty or thirty times,
+and with little intermission, a favorite
+strain.</p>
+
+<p>The sprightly figure and gaudy
+plumage of the Red Bird, his vivacity,
+strength of voice, and actual variety of
+note, and the little expense with which
+he is kept, will always make him a
+favorite.</p>
+
+<p>This species is more numerous to
+the east of the great range of the Alleghenies,
+but is found in Pennsylvania
+and Ohio, and is numerous in the
+lower parts of the Southern States. In
+January and February they have been
+found along the roadsides and fences,
+hovering together in half dozens,
+associating with snow birds, and various
+kinds of sparrows. In the northern
+states they are migratory, and in
+the southern part of Pennsylvania they
+reside during the whole year, frequenting
+the borders of rivulets, in sheltered
+hollows, covered with holly, laurel,
+and other evergreens. They love also
+to reside in the vicinity of fields of
+Indian corn, a grain that constitutes
+their chief and favorite food. The
+seeds of apples, cherries, and other
+fruit are also eaten by them, and they
+are accused of destroying bees.</p>
+
+<p>Early in May the Red Bird begins to
+prepare his nest, which is very often
+fixed in a holly, cedar or laurel bush. A
+pair of Red Birds in Ohio returned for a
+number of years to build their nest in
+a honeysuckle vine under a portico.
+They were never disturbed and never
+failed to rear a brood of young. The
+nest was constructed of small twigs,
+dry weeds, slips of vine bark, and lined
+with stalks of fine grass. Four eggs
+of brownish olive were laid, and they
+usually raised two broods in a season.</p>
+
+<p>In confinement they fade in color,
+but if well cared for, will live to a
+considerable age. They are generally
+known by the names: Red Bird, Virginia
+Red Bird, Virginia Nightingale,
+and Crested Red Bird. It is said that
+the female often sings nearly as well
+as the male.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p class="center"><strong>THE REDBIRDS.</strong></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Two Redbirds came in early May,<br />
+Flashing like rubies on the way;<br />
+Their joyous notes awoke the day,<br />
+And made all nature glad and gay.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Thrice welcome! crested visitants;<br />
+Thou doest well to seek our haunts;<br />
+The bounteous vine, by thee possessed,<br />
+From prying eyes shall keep thy nest.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Sing to us in the early dawn;<br />
+&#8217;Tis then thy scarlet throats have drawn<br />
+Refreshing draughts from drops of dew,<br />
+The enchanting concert to renew.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+No plaintive notes, we ween, are thine;<br />
+They gurgle like a royal wine;<br />
+They cheer, rejoice, they quite outshine<br />
+Thy neighbor&#8217;s voice, tho&#8217; it&#8217;s divine.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Free as the circumambient air<br />
+Do thou remain, a perfect pair,<br />
+To come once more when Proserpine<br />
+Shall swell the buds of tree and vine.<br />
+ <span style="margin-left: 10em;">&mdash;C. C. M.</span></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 442px;">
+<img src="images/img_070.jpg" width="442" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">cardinal.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>THE RED BIRD.</strong></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+Is it because he wears a red hat,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">That we call him the Cardinal Bird?</span><br />
+Or is it because his voice is so rich<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 1em;">That scarcely a finer is heard?</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+&#8217;Tis neither, but this&mdash;I&#8217;ve guessed it, I&#8217;m sure&mdash;<br />
+His dress is a primary color of Nature.<br />
+It blends with the Oriole&#8217;s golden display,<br />
+And the garment of Blue Bird completes the array.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">&mdash;C. C. M.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<p class="center"><strong>ATTEND THE BEST.</strong></p>
+
+<h1>CHICAGO BUSINESS COLLEGE</h1>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>Wabash Ave. &amp; Randolph St.</strong></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 414px;">
+<img src="images/img_072.jpg" width="414" height="600" alt="advertisement" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 7em; margin-right: 7em;">Elegant new building. Finer apartments than any other Commercial School
+in the United States. Thorough courses in BUSINESS, SHORTHAND and ENGLISH.
+Day and Evening Sessions. Write for catalogue mailed FREE.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">Address <strong>GONDRING &amp; VIRDEN</strong>, Principals.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Please mention &ldquo;BIRDS&rdquo; when you write to Advertisers.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 445px;">
+<img src="images/img_073.jpg" width="445" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;">
+<img src="images/img_074.jpg" width="450" height="381" alt="advertisement" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><span style="color: #000063;">What POINTS do You Want in a COPYING Machine?</span></h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
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+
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+
+<p style="color: #000063; margin-left: 2em;">SAVES TIME, MATERIAL, MONEY.<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 8em;">SAVES ITS COST EVERY YEAR BY ECONOMY IN COPYING PAPER.</span><br />
+    <span style="margin-left: 16em;">EVERY BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MAN NEEDS IT.</span></p>
+
+<p  style="color: #000063; margin-bottom: -1em;">Will allow for your old screw press. SEND FOR TRADE PROPOSITION. Address</p>
+
+<h2><span  style="color: #000063;">ANDERSON AUTOMATIC COPYING MACHINE CO.</span></h2>
+
+<p  style="color: #000063; margin-left: 29em; margin-top: -1em;">910 Monadnock Block, CHICAGO.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;">
+<img src="images/img_074a.jpg" width="450" height="22" alt="page decoration" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Please mention &ldquo;BIRDS&rdquo; when you write to Advertisers.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 423px;">
+<img src="images/img_077.jpg" width="423" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">Please mention &ldquo;BIRDS&rdquo; when you write to Advertisers.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TESTIMONIALS.</h2>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 27em;"><span class="smcap">Frankfort. Ky.,</span> February 3, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">W. J. Black</span>, Vice-President,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 9em;">Chicago, Ill.</span></p>
+
+<p>Dear Sir: I have a copy of your magazine entitled &ldquo;Birds,&rdquo; and beg to
+say that I consider it one of the finest things on the subject that I
+have ever seen, and shall be pleased to recommend it to county and city
+superintendents of the state.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 26em;">Very respectfully,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">W. J. Davidson</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -1em;">State Superintendent Public Instruction.</span></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 25em;"><span class="smcap">San Francisco, Cal.,</span> January 27, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">W. J. Black, Esq.</span>,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 5em;">Chicago, Ill.</span></p>
+
+<p>Dear Sir: I am very much obliged for the copy of &ldquo;Birds&rdquo; that has just
+come to hand. It should be in the hands of every primary and grammar
+teacher. I send herewith copy of &ldquo;List of San Francisco Teachers.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 26em;">Very respectfully,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 4em;" class="smcap">M. Babcock</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 27em;"><span class="smcap">Lincoln, Neb.</span>, February 9, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">W. J. Black</span>,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 3em;">Chicago, Ill.</span></p>
+
+<p>Dear Sir: The first number of your magazine, &ldquo;Birds,&rdquo; is upon my desk.
+I am highly pleased with it. It will prove a very serviceable
+publication&mdash;one that strikes out along the right lines. For the purpose
+intended, it has, in my opinion, no equal. It is clear, concise, and
+admirably illustrated.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 26em;">Very respectfully,<br />
+    <span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">W. R. Jackson</span>,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: -1em;">State Superintendent Public Instruction.</span></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 25em;"><span class="smcap">North Lima, Ohio</span>, February 1, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. W. E. Watt</span>,</p>
+
+<p>Dear Sir: Sample copy of &ldquo;Birds&rdquo; received. All of the family delighted
+with it. We wish it unbounded success. It will be an excellent supplement
+to &ldquo;In Birdland&rdquo; in the Ohio Teachers&#8217; Reading Circle, and I venture Ohio
+will be to the front with a good subscription list. I enclose list of
+teachers.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 26em;">Very truly,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 2em;" class="smcap">C. M. L. Altdoerffer</span>,<br />
+    <span style="margin-left: 4em;">Township Superintendent.</span></p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 28em;"><span class="smcap">Milwaukee</span>, January 30, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company</span>,<br />
+  <span style="margin-left: 5em;">227 Dearborn Street, Chicago.</span></p>
+
+<p>Gentlemen: I acknowledge with pleasure the receipt of your publication,
+&ldquo;Birds,&rdquo; with accompanying circulars. I consider it the best on the subject
+in existence. I have submitted the circulars and publication to my teachers,
+who have nothing to say but praise in behalf of the monthly.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 26em;"><span class="smcap">Julius Torney</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: -6em;">Principal 2nd Dist. Primary School, Milwaukee, Wis.</span></p>
+
+
+
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+
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+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***</p>
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume
+1, Number 2, February, 1897, by anonymous
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume 1, Number 2, February, 1897
+       A Monthly Serial Designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life
+
+
+Author: anonymous
+
+
+
+Release Date: December 8, 2009  [eBook #30626]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR
+PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, and the
+Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+(http://www.pgdp.net). Some images were generously provided by Internet
+Archive (http://www.archive.org).
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original lovely illustrations.
+      See 30626-h.htm or 30626-h.zip:
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30626/30626-h/30626-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30626/30626-h.zip)
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+      Title added.
+
+
+
+
+
+             BIRDS.
+ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+================================
+VOL. I.   FEBRUARY 1897    NO. 2
+================================
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
+
+                       _STATE OF NEW YORK_
+               _Department of Public Instruction_
+                    _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_
+
+                                _Albany_ December 26, 1896.
+
+  [Illustration: (seal)]
+  _Stenographic Letter_
+  Dictated by __________
+
+
+  W. E. Watt, President &c.,
+                   Fisher Building,
+                       277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+  My dear Sir:
+
+  Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds."
+  Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most
+  beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction.
+  It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+  way to popular favor.
+
+  Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+  I remain
+
+                   Yours very respectfully,
+                   [signature]
+                                State Superintendent.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
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+ Throughout.                                        Given Away with
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+                                  to "BIRDS"
+
+    ADDRESS ...
+    NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.
+ FISHER BUILDING,        CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
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+
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+ some new and perplexing
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+
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+
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+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+BIRDS
+
+A MONTHLY
+
+ILLUSTRATED BY
+COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN BLUE JAY.]
+
+NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY
+OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN BLUE JAY.]
+
+THE BLUE JAY.
+
+
+During about three-fourths of the year the American Jay is an extremely
+tame, noisy and even obstrusive bird in its habits. As the breeding
+season approaches he suddenly becomes silent, preparing the nest in
+the most secluded parts of his native forests, and exercising all his
+cunning to keep it concealed. He is omniverous but is especially fond
+of eggs and young birds. The Jay may be regarded as eminently injurious
+though in spring he consumes a number of insects to atone for his sins
+of stealing fruit and berries in autumn. He is a professional nest
+robber, and other birds are as watchful of him as is a mother of her
+babe. He glides through the foliage of the trees so swiftly and
+noiselessly that his presence is scarcely suspected until he has
+committed some depredation. The Robin is his most wary foe, and when
+the Jay is found near his nest will pursue him and drive him from the
+neighborhood. He is as brave as he is active, however, and dashes boldly
+in pursuit of his more plainly attired neighbors who venture to intrude
+upon his domain.
+
+The Jay has a curious antipathy toward the owl, perching on trees
+above it and keeping up a continual screeching. Some years ago an Ohio
+gentleman was presented with a magnificent specimen of the horned owl,
+which he kept for a time in a large tin cage. In favorable weather the
+cage was set out of doors, when it would soon be surrounded by Jays,
+much in the manner described of the Toucan, and an incessant screeching
+followed, to which the owl appeared indifferent. They would venture
+near enough to steal a portion of his food, the bars of his cage being
+sufficiently wide apart to admit them. On one occasion, however, he
+caught the tail of a Jay in his claws and left the tormentor without
+his proud appendage.
+
+The Jay remains with us throughout the year. He is one of the wildest
+of our birds, the shyest of man, although seeing him most. He makes no
+regular migrations at certain seasons, but, unless disturbed, will live
+out his life close to his favorite haunts. His wings show him to be
+unfitted for extended flight.
+
+Jays are most easily discovered in the morning about sunrise on the tops
+of young live oaks. Their notes are varied. Later in the day it is more
+difficult to find them, as they are more silent, and not so much on the
+tree tops as among the bushes.
+
+The Jays breed in woods, forests, orchards, preferring old and very
+shady trees, placing their nests in the center against the body, or at
+the bifurcation of large limbs. The nest is formed of twigs and roots;
+the eggs are from four to six.
+
+
+THE BLUE JAY.
+
+    Something glorious, something gay,
+    Flits and flashes this-a-way!
+    'Thwart the hemlock's dusky shade,
+    Rich in color full displayed,
+    Swiftly vivid as a flame--
+    Blue as heaven and white as snow--
+    Doth this lovely creature go.
+    What may be his dainty name?
+    "Only this"--the people say--
+    "Saucy, chattering, scolding Jay!"
+
+
+
+
+THE SWALLOW-TAILED INDIAN ROLLER.
+
+
+Swallow-tailed Indian Rollers are natives of Northeastern Africa and
+Senegambia, and also the interior of the Niger district. The bird is
+so called from its way of occasionally rolling or turning over in its
+flight, somewhat after the fashion of a tumbler pigeon. A traveller in
+describing the habits of the Roller family, says:
+
+"On the 12th of April I reached Jericho alone, and remained there in
+solitude for several days, during which time I had many opportunities
+of observing the grotesque habits of the Roller. For several successive
+evenings, great flocks of Rollers mustered shortly before sunset on some
+dona trees near the fountain, with all the noise but without the decorum
+of Rooks. After a volley of discordant screams, from the sound of which
+it derives its Arabic name of "schurkrak," a few birds would start from
+their perches and commence overhead a series of somersaults. In a moment
+or two they would be followed by the whole flock, and these gambols
+would be repeated for a dozen times or more.
+
+"Everywhere it takes its perch on some conspicuous branch or on the top
+of a rock, where it can see and be seen. The bare tops of the fig trees,
+before they put forth their leaves, are in the cultivated terraces, a
+particularly favorite resort. In the barren Ghor I have often watched it
+perched unconcernedly on a knot of gravel or marl in the plain, watching
+apparently for the emergence of beetles from the sand. Elsewhere I have
+not seen it settle on the ground.
+
+"Like Europeans in the East, it can make itself happy without chairs and
+tables in the desert, but prefers a comfortable easy chair when it is to
+be found. Its nest I have seen in ruins, in holes in rocks, in burrows,
+in steep sand cliffs, but far more generally in hollow trees. The colony
+in the Wady Kelt used burrows excavated by themselves, and many a hole
+did they relinquish, owing to the difficulty of working it. So cunningly
+were the nests placed under a crumbling, treacherous ledge, overhanging
+a chasm of perhaps one or two hundred feet, that we were completely
+foiled in our siege. We obtained a nest of six eggs, quite fresh, in
+a hollow tree in Bashan, near Gadara, on the 6th of May.
+
+"The total length of the Roller is about twelve inches. The
+Swallow-tailed Indian Roller, of which we present a specimen, differs
+from the Europeon Roller only in having the outer tail feathers
+elongated to an extent of several inches."
+
+[Illustration: SWALLOW-TAILED INDIAN ROLLER.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED HEADED WOODPECKER.
+
+
+Perhaps no bird in North America is more universally known than the Red
+Headed Woodpecker. He is found in all parts of the United States and is
+sometimes called, for short, by the significant name of Red Head. His
+tri-colored plumage, red, white and black, glossed with steel blue, is
+so striking and characteristic, and his predatory habits in the orchards
+and cornfields, and fondness for hovering along the fences, so very
+notorious, that almost every child is acquainted with the Red Headed
+Woodpecker. In the immediate neighborhood of large cities, where the old
+timber is chiefly cut down, he is not so frequently found. Wherever
+there is a deadening, however, you will find him, and in the dead tops
+and limbs of high trees he makes his home. Towards the mountains,
+particularly in the vicinity of creeks and rivers, these birds are
+extremely numerous, especially in the latter end of summer. It is
+interesting to hear them rattling on the dead leaves of trees or see
+them on the roadside fences, where they flit from stake to stake. We
+remember a tremendous and quite alarming and afterwards ludicrous
+rattling by one of them on some loose tin roofing on a neighbor's house.
+This occurred so often that the owner, to secure peace, had the roof
+repaired.
+
+They love the wild cherries, the earliest and sweetest apples, for,
+as is said of him, "he is so excellent a connoisseur in fruit, that
+whenever an apple or pear is found broached by him, it is sure to be
+among the ripest and best flavored. When alarmed he seizes a capital one
+by striking his open bill into it, and bears it off to the woods." He
+eats the rich, succulent, milky young corn with voracity. He is of a
+gay and frolicsome disposition, and half a dozen of the fraternity are
+frequently seen diving and vociferating around the high dead limbs of
+some large trees, pursuing and playing with each other, and amusing the
+passerby with their gambols. He is a comical fellow, too, prying around
+at you from the bole of a tree or from his nesting hole therein.
+
+Though a lover of fruit, he does more good than injury. Insects are his
+natural food, and form at least two thirds of his subsistence. He
+devours the destructive insects that penetrate the bark and body of a
+tree to deposit their eggs and larvae.
+
+About the middle of May, he begins to construct his nest, which is
+formed in the body of large limbs of trees, taking in no material but
+smoothing it within to the proper shape and size. The female lays six
+eggs, of a pure white. The young appear about the first of June. About
+the middle of September the Red Heads begin to migrate to warmer
+climates, travelling at night time in an irregular way like a disbanded
+army and stopping for rest and food through the day.
+
+The black snake is the deadly foe of the Red Head, frequently entering
+his nest, feeding upon the young, and remaining for days in possession.
+
+"The eager school-boy, after hazarding his neck to reach the
+Woodpecker's hole, at the triumphant moment when he thinks the nestlings
+his own, strips his arm, launches it down into the cavity, and grasping
+what he conceives to be the callow young, starts with horror at the
+sight of a hideous snake, almost drops from his giddy pinnacle, and
+retreats down the tree with terror and precipitation."
+
+
+
+
+THE WOODPECKER.
+
+The Drummer Bird.
+
+
+My dear girls and boys:
+
+The man who told me to keep still and look pleasant while he took my
+picture said I might write you a letter to send with it. You say I
+always keep on the other side of the tree from you. That is because
+someone has told you that I spoil trees, and I am afraid that you will
+want to punish me for it. I do not spoil trees. The trees like to have
+me come to visit them, for I eat the insects that are killing them.
+Shall I tell you how I do this?
+
+I cling to the tree with my strong claws so sharply hooked. The pointed
+feathers of my tail are stiff enough to help hold me against the bark.
+Then my breast bone is quite flat, so that I may press close to the
+tree. When I am all ready you hear my r-r-rap--just like a rattle. My
+head goes as quickly as if it were moved by a spring. Such a strong,
+sharp bill makes the chips fly! The tiny tunnel I dig just reaches the
+insect.
+
+Then I thrust out my long tongue. It has a sharp, horny tip, and has
+barbs on it too. Very tiny insects stick to a liquid like glue that
+covers my tongue. I suppose I must tell you that I like a taste of the
+ripest fruit and grain. Don't you think I earn a little when I work so
+hard keeping the trees healthy?
+
+I must tell you about the deep tunnel my mate and I cut out of a tree.
+It is just wide enough for us to slip into. It is not straight down, but
+bent, so that the rain cannot get to the bottom. There we make a nest of
+little chips for our five white eggs.
+
+I should like to tell you one of the stories that some boys and girls
+tell about my red head. You will find it on another page of the book.
+Now I must fly away to peck for more bugs.
+
+                               Your loving friend,
+                                            WOODPECKER.
+
+[Illustration: RED HEADED WOODPECKER.]
+
+
+
+
+MEXICAN MOT MOT.
+
+
+Mot mots are peculiar to the new world, being found from Mexico
+throughout the whole of Central America and the South American
+continent. The general plumage is green, and the majority of the species
+have a large racket at the end of the center tail feathers, formed by
+the bird itself.
+
+The Houton, (so called from his note,) according to Waterson, ranks high
+in beauty among the birds of Demerara. This beautiful creature seems to
+suppose that its beauty can be increased by trimming its tail, which
+undergoes the same operation as one's hair in a barber shop, using its
+own beak, which is serrated, in lieu of a pair of scissors. As soon as
+its tail is fully grown, he begins about an inch from the extremity of
+the two longest feathers in it and cuts away the web on both sides of
+the shaft, making a gap about an inch long. Both male and female wear
+their tails in this manner, which gives them a remarkable appearance
+among all other birds.
+
+To observe this bird in his native haunts, one must be in the forest
+at dawn. He shuns the society of man. The thick and gloomy forests are
+preferred by the Houton. In those far extending wilds, about day-break,
+you hear him call in distinct and melancholy tone, "Houton, Houton!"
+An observer says, "Move cautiously to the place from which the sound
+proceeds, and you will see him sitting in the underwood, about a couple
+of yards from the ground, his tail moving up and down every time he
+articulates "Houton!"."
+
+The Mot Mot lives on insects and berries found among the underwood, and
+very rarely is seen in the lofty trees. He makes no nest, but rears his
+young in a hole in the sand, generally on the side of a hill.
+
+Mr. Osbert Salvin tells this curious anecdote: "Some years ago the
+Zoological Society possessed a specimen which lived in one of the large
+cages of the parrot house by itself. I have a very distinct recollection
+of the bird, for I used every time I saw it to cheer it up a bit by
+whistling such of its notes as I had picked up in the forests of
+America. The bird always seemed to appreciate this attention, for
+although it never replied, it became at once animated, hopped about the
+cage, and swung its tail from side to side like the pendulum of a clock.
+For a long time its tail had perfect spatules, but toward the end of its
+life I noticed that the median feathers were no longer trimmed with such
+precision, and on looking at its beak I noticed that from some cause or
+other it did not close properly, gaped slightly at the tip, and had thus
+become unfitted for removing the vanes of the feathers."
+
+
+
+
+KING PARROT OR KING LORY.
+
+
+Lory is the name of certain birds, mostly from the Moluccas and New
+Guinea, which are remarkable for their bright scarlet or crimson
+coloring, though also applied to some others in which the plumage is
+chiefly green. Much interest has been excited by the discovery of
+Dr. A. B. Meyer that the birds of this genus having a red plumage are
+the females of those wearing green feathers. For a time there was much
+difference of opinion on this subject, but the assertion is now
+generally admitted.
+
+They are called "brush-tongued" Parrots. The color of the first plumage
+of the young is still unsettled. This bird is a favorite among bird
+fanciers, is readily tamed, and is of an affectionate nature. It can be
+taught to speak very creditably, and is very fond of attracting the
+attention of strangers and receiving the caresses of those whom it
+likes.
+
+There are few things a parrot prefers to nuts and the stones of various
+fruits. Wood says he once succeeded in obtaining the affections of a
+Parisian Parrot, solely through the medium of peach stones which he
+always saved for the bird and for which it regularly began to gabble as
+soon as it saw him coming. "When taken freshly from the peach," he says,
+"the stones are very acceptable to the parrot, who turns them over,
+chuckling all the while to show his satisfaction, and picking all the
+soft parts from the deep indentations in the stone." He used to crack
+the stone before giving it to the bird, when his delight knew no bounds.
+They are fond of hot condiments, cayenne pepper or the capsicum pod. If
+a bird be ailing, a capsicum will often set it right again.
+
+The parrot is one of the hardiest of birds when well cared for and
+will live to a great age. Some of these birds have been known to attain
+an age of seventy years, and one seen by Vaillant had reached the
+patriarchal age of ninety three. At sixty its memory began to fail, at
+sixty-five the moult became very irregular and the tail changed to
+yellow. At ninety it was a very decrepit creature, almost blind and
+quite silent, having forgotten its former abundant stock of words.
+
+A gentleman once had for many years a parrot of seemingly rare
+intelligence. It was his custom during the summer to hang the parrot's
+cage in front of his shop in a country village, where the bird would
+talk and laugh and cry, and condole with itself. Dogs were his special
+aversion and on occasions when he had food to spare, he would drop it
+out of the cage and whistle long and loud for them. When the dogs had
+assembled to his satisfaction he would suddenly scream in the fiercest
+accents, "Get out, dogs!" and when they had scattered in alarm his
+enjoyment of it was demonstrative. This parrot's vocabulary, however,
+was not the most refined, his master having equipped him with certain
+piratical idioms.
+
+According to authority, the parrot owner will find the health of his pet
+improved and its happiness promoted by giving it, every now and then, a
+small log or branch on which the mosses and lichens are still growing.
+Meat, fish, and other similar articles of diet are given with evil
+effects.
+
+It is impossible for anyone who has only seen these birds in a cage or
+small inclosure to conceive what must be the gorgeous appearance of a
+flock, either in full flight, and performing their various evolutions,
+under a vertical sun, or sporting among the superb foliage of a tropical
+forest which, without these, and other brilliant tenants, would present
+only a solitude of luxuriant vegetation.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: KING PARROT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN.
+
+The Bird of the Morning.
+
+
+Yes, my dear readers, I am the bird of the morning. Very few of you rise
+early enough to hear my first song. By the time you are awake our little
+ones have had their breakfast, Mrs. Robin and I have had our morning
+bath and we are all ready to greet you with our morning song.
+
+I wonder if any of you have seen our nest and can tell the color of the
+eggs that Mrs. Robin lays. Some time I will let you peep into the nest
+and see them, but of course you will not touch them.
+
+I wonder, too, if you know any of my cousins--the Mocking bird, the
+Cat-bird or the Brown Thrush--I think I shall ask them to have their
+pictures taken soon and talk to you about our gay times.
+
+Did you ever see one of my cousins on the ground? I don't believe you
+can tell how I move about. Some of you may say I run, and some of you
+may say I hop, and others of you may say I do both. Well, I'll tell you
+how to find out. Just watch me and see. My little friends up north won't
+be able to see me though until next month, as I do not dare leave the
+warm south until Jack Frost leaves the ground so I can find worms to
+eat.
+
+I shall be about the first bird to visit you next month and I want you
+to watch for me. When I do come it will be to stay a long time, for I
+shall be the last to leave you. Just think, the first to come and last
+to leave. Don't you think we ought to be great friends? Let us get
+better acquainted when next we meet. Your friend,
+
+                                              ROBIN.
+
+
+    How do the robins build their nest?
+    Robin Red Breast told me,
+    First a wisp of yellow hay
+    In a pretty round they lay;
+    Then some shreds of downy floss,
+    Feathers too, and bits of moss,
+    Woven with a sweet, sweet song,
+    This way, that way, and across:
+    That's what Robin told me.
+
+    Where do the robins hide their nest?
+    Robin Red Breast told me,
+    Up among the leaves so deep,
+    Where the sunbeams rarely creep,
+    Long before the winds are cold,
+    Long before the leaves are gold
+    Bright-eyed stars will peep and see
+    Baby Robins--one, two, three:
+    That's what Robin told me.
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN.
+
+"Come, sweetest of the feathered throng."
+
+
+Our American Robin must not be confounded with the English Robin
+Redbreast, although both bear the same name. It is the latter bird in
+whose praise so much has been written in fable and song. The American
+Robin belongs to the Thrush family; the Mocking bird, Cat-bird and Brown
+Thrush, or Thrasher, being other familiar children. In this family, bird
+organization reaches its highest development. This bird is larger than
+his English cousin the Redbreast and many think has a finer note than
+any other of the Thrush family.
+
+The Robin courts the society of man, following close upon the plow and
+the spade and often becoming quite tame and domestic. It feeds for a
+month or two on strawberries and cherries, but generally on worms and
+insects picked out of the ground. It destroys the larvae of many insects
+in the soil and is a positive blessing to man, designed by the Creator
+for ornament and pleasure, and use in protecting vegetation. John
+Burroughs, the bird lover, says it is the most native and democratic of
+our birds.
+
+It is widely diffused over the country, migrating to milder climates in
+the Winter. We have heard him in the early dawn on Nantucket Island
+welcoming the coming day, in the valleys of the Great and the little
+Miami, in the parks of Chicago, and on the plains of Kansas, his song
+ever cheering and friendly. It is one of the earliest heralds of Spring,
+coming as early as March or April, and is one of the latest birds to
+leave us in Autumn. Its song is a welcome prelude to the general concert
+of Summer.
+
+    "When Robin Redbreast sings,
+     We think on budding Springs."
+
+The Robin is not one of our most charming songsters, yet its carol is
+sweet, hearty and melodious. Its principal song is in the morning
+before sunrise, when it mounts the top of some tall tree, and with its
+wonderful power of song, announces the coming of day. When educated, it
+imitates the sounds of various birds, and even sings tunes. It must be
+amusing to hear it pipe out so solemn a strain as Old Hundred.
+
+It has no remarkable habits. It shows considerable courage and anxiety
+for its young, and is a pattern of propriety when keeping house and
+concerned with the care of its offspring. Two broods are often reared
+out of the same nest. In the Fall these birds become restless and
+wandering, often congregating in large flocks, when, being quite fat,
+they are much esteemed as food.
+
+The Robin's nest is sometimes built in a corner of the porch, but
+oftener it is saddled on the horizontal limb of an orchard tree. It is
+so large and poorly concealed that any boy can find it, yet it is seldom
+molested. The Robin is not a skillful architect. The masonry of its nest
+is rough and the material coarse, being composed largely of leaves or
+old grass, cemented with mud. The eggs number four to six and are
+greenish blue in color.
+
+An observer tells the following story of this domestic favorite:
+
+"For the last three years a Robin has nested on a projecting pillar that
+supports the front piazza. In the Spring of the first year she built her
+nest on the top of the pillar--a rude affair--it was probably her first
+effort. The same season she made her second nest in the forks of an Oak,
+which took her only a few hours to complete.
+
+[Continued page 59.]
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN ROBIN.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MEXICAN MOT MOT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN. (Continued)
+
+"She reared three broods that season; for the third family she returned
+to the piazza, and repaired the first nest. The following Spring she
+came again to the piazza, but selected another pillar for the site of
+her domicile, the construction of which was a decided improvement upon
+the first. For the next nest she returned to the Oak and raised a second
+story on the old one of the previous year, but making it much more
+symmetrical than the one beneath. The present season her first dwelling
+was as before, erected on a pillar of the piazza--as fine a structure as
+I ever saw this species build. When this brood was fledged she again
+repaired to the Oak, and reared a third story on the old domicile, using
+the moss before mentioned, making a very elaborate affair, and finally
+finishing up by festooning it with long sprays of moss. This bird and
+her mate were quite tame. I fed them with whortleberries, which they
+seemed to relish, and they would come almost to my feet to get them.
+
+The amount of food which the young robin is capable of absorbing is
+enormous. A couple of vigorous, half-grown birds have been fed, and in
+twelve hours devoured ravenously, sixty-eight earth worms, weighing
+thirty-four pennyweight, or forty-one per cent more than their own
+weight. A man at this rate should eat about seventy pounds of flesh per
+day, and drink five or six gallons of water.
+
+The following poem by the good Quaker poet Whittier is sweet because
+_he_ wrote it, interesting because it recites an old legend which
+incidentally explains the color of the robin's breast, and unique
+because it is one of the few poems about our American bird.
+
+
+THE ROBIN.
+
+     My old Welsh neighbor over the way
+       Crept slowly out in the sun of spring,
+     Pushed from her ears the locks of gray,
+       And listened to hear the robin sing.
+
+     Her grandson, playing at marbles, stopped,
+       And--cruel in sport, as boys will be--
+     Tossed a stone at the bird, who hopped
+       From bough to bough in the apple tree.
+
+    "Nay!" said the grandmother; "have you not heard,
+       My poor, bad boy! of the fiery pit,
+     And how, drop by drop, this merciful bird
+       Carries the water that quenches it?
+
+    "He brings cool dew in his little bill,
+       And lets it fall on the souls of sin:
+     You can see the mark on his red breast still
+       Of fires that scorch as he drops it in.
+
+    "My poor Bron rhuddyn! my breast-burned bird,
+       Singing so sweetly from limb to limb,
+     Very dear to the heart of Our Lord
+       Is he who pities the lost like Him."
+
+    "Amen!" I said to the beautiful myth;
+       "Sing, bird of God, in my heart as well:
+     Each good thought is a drop wherewith
+       To cool and lessen the fires of hell.
+
+    "Prayers of love like rain-drops fall,
+       Tears of pity are cooling dew,
+     And dear to the heart of Our Lord are all
+       Who suffer like Him in the good they do."
+
+
+
+
+THE KINGFISHER.
+
+
+Dear Children:
+
+I shall soon arrive from the south. I hear that all the birds are going
+to tell stories to the boys and girls.
+
+I have never talked much with children myself for I never really cared
+for people. They used to say that the dead body of a Kingfisher kept
+them safe in war and they said also that it protected them in lightning.
+
+Even now in some places in France they call us the moth birds, for they
+believe that our bodies will keep away moths from woolen cloth.
+
+I wish that people would not believe such things about us. Perhaps you
+cannot understand me when I talk. You may think that you hear only a
+child's rattle.
+
+Listen again! It is I, the Kingfisher. That sound is my way of talking.
+I live in the deep woods. I own a beautiful stream and a clear, cool
+lake. Oh, the little fish in that lake are good enough for a king to
+eat! I know, for I am a king.
+
+You may see me or some of my mates near the lake any pleasant day.
+People used to say that we always brought pleasant weather. That is a
+joke. It is the pleasant weather that always brings us from our homes.
+When it storms or rains we cannot see the fish in the lake. Then we may
+as well stay in our nests.
+
+My home once belonged to a water rat. He dug the fine hall in the gravel
+bank in my stream. It is nearly six feet long. The end of it is just the
+kind of a place for a nest. It is warm, dry and dark. In June my wife
+and I will settle down in it. By that time we shall have the nest well
+lined with fish bones. We shall put in some dried grass too. The fish
+bones make a fine lining for a nest. You know we swallow the fish whole,
+but we save all the bones for our nest.
+
+I shall help my wife hatch her five white eggs and shall try in every
+way to make my family safe.
+
+Please tell the people not to believe those strange things about me and
+you will greatly oblige,
+
+                      A neighbor,
+                         THE KINGFISHER.
+
+ [Illustration: KINGFISHER.
+                Copyrighted by
+                Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.]
+
+
+
+
+THE KINGFISHER.
+
+The Lone Fisherman.
+
+
+The American species belongs to the true group of Kingfishers. It
+occupies the whole continent of North America and although migrating in
+the north, he is a constant resident of our southern states. The belted
+Kingfisher is the only variety found along the inland streams of the
+United States. Audubon declares that "belted" should apply only to the
+female, however.
+
+Like most birds of brilliant plumage, the Kingfisher prefers a quiet
+and secluded haunt. It loves the little trout streams, with wooded and
+precipitous banks, the still ponds and small lakes, ornamental waters
+in parks, where it is not molested, and the sides of sluggish rivers,
+drains and mill-ponds.
+
+Here in such a haunt the bird often flits past like an indistinct gleam
+of bluish light. Fortune may sometimes favor the observer and the bird
+may alight on some twig over the stream, its weight causing it to sway
+gently to and fro. It eagerly scans the shoal of young trout sporting in
+the pool below, when suddenly it drops down into the water, and, almost
+before the observer is aware of the fact, is back again to its perch
+with a struggling fish in its beak. A few blows on the branch and its
+prey is ready for the dexterous movement of the bill, which places it
+in a position for swallowing. Sometimes the captured fish is adroitly
+jerked into the air and caught as it falls.
+
+Fish is the principal food of the Kingfisher; but it also eats various
+kinds of insects, shrimps, and even small crabs. It rears its young in
+a hole, which is made in the banks of the stream it frequents. It is a
+slatternly bird, fouls its own nest and its peerless eggs. The nesting
+hole is bored rather slowly, and takes from one to two weeks to
+complete. Six or eight white glossy eggs are laid, sometimes on the bare
+soil, but often on the fish bones which, being indigestible, are thrown
+up by the bird in pellets.
+
+The Kingfisher has a crest of feathers on the top of his head, which he
+raises and lowers, especially when trying to drive intruders away from
+his nest.
+
+The plumage is compact and oily, making it almost impervious to water.
+The flesh is fishy and disagreeable to the taste, but the eggs are said
+to be good eating. The wings are long and pointed and the bill longer
+than the head. The voice is harsh and monotonous.
+
+It is said that few birds are connected with more fables than the
+Kingfisher. The superstition that a dead Kingfisher when suspended
+by the throat, would turn its beak to that particular point of the
+compass from which the wind blew, is now dead. It was also supposed
+to possess many astonishing virtues, as that its dried body would avert
+thunderbolts, and if kept in a wardrobe would preserve from moths the
+woolen stuffs and the like contained in it.
+
+Under the name of "halcyon," it was fabled by the ancients to build its
+nest on the surface of the sea, and to have the power of calming the
+troubled waves during its period of incubation; hence the phrase
+"halcyon days."
+
+A pair of Kingfishers have had their residence in a bank at the south
+end of Washington Park, Chicago, for at least three seasons past. We
+have watched the Kingfisher from secluded spots on Long Island ponds and
+tidal streams, where his peculiar laughing note is the same as that
+which greets the ear of the fisherman on far inland streams on still
+summer days.
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACKBIRD.
+
+    "I could not think so plain a bird
+       Could sing so fine a song."
+
+
+    One on another against the wall
+    Pile up the books--I am done with them all;
+    I shall be wise, if I ever am wise,
+    Out of my own ears, and of my own eyes.
+
+    One day of the woods and their balmy light--
+    One hour on the top of a breezy hill,
+    There in the sassafras all out of sight
+    The Blackbird is splitting his slender bill
+    For the ease of his heart:
+                  Do you think if he said
+    "I will sing like this bird with the mud colored back
+    And the two little spots of gold over his eyes,
+    Or like to this shy little creature that flies
+    So low to the ground, with the amethyst rings
+    About her small throat--all alive when she sings
+    With a glitter of shivering green--for the rest,
+    Gray shading to gray, with the sheen of her breast
+    Half rose and half fawn--
+                  Or like this one so proud,
+    That flutters so restless, and cries out so loud,
+    With stiff horny beak and a top-knotted head,
+    And a lining of scarlet laid under his wings--"
+    Do you think, if he said, "I'm ashamed to be black!"
+    That he could have shaken the sassafras-tree
+    As he does with the song he was born to? not he!
+                                     --ALICE CARY.
+
+
+    "Do you ne'er think what wondrous beings these?
+      Do you ne'er think who made them--who taught
+    The dialect they speak, where melodies
+      Alone are the interpreters of thought?
+    Whose household words are songs in many keys,
+      Sweeter than instrument of man ere caught!
+    Whose habitation in the tree-tops even
+      Are half-way houses on the road to heaven!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "You call them thieves or pillagers; but know,
+      They are the winged wardens of your farms,
+    Who from the cornfields drive the insidious foe,
+      And from your harvest keep a hundred harms;
+    Even the blackest of them all, the crow,
+      Renders good service as your man-at-arms,
+    Crushing the beetle in his coat of mail,
+      And crying havoc on the slug and snail."
+                 --FROM "THE BIRDS OF KILLINGWORTH."
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: BLUE MOUNTAIN LORY.]
+
+BLUE MOUNTAIN LORY.
+
+
+This bird inhabits the vast plains of the interior of New South Wales.
+It is one of the handsomest, not only of the Australian Parrots, but
+takes foremost place among the most gorgeously dressed members of the
+Parrot family that are to be met with in any part of the world. It
+is about eleven or twelve inches in length. The female cannot with
+certainty be distinguished from her mate, but is usually a very little
+smaller. The Lory seldom descends to the ground, but passes the greater
+part of its life among the gum trees upon the pollen and nectar on which
+it mainly subsists. In times of scarcity, however, it will also eat
+grass seeds, as well as insects, for want of which it is said, it often
+dies prematurely when in captivity.
+
+Dr. Russ mentions that a pair obtained from a London dealer in 1870 for
+fifty dollars were the first of these birds imported, but the London
+Zoological Society had secured some of them two years before.
+
+Despite his beauty, the Blue Mountain Lory is not a desirable bird to
+keep, as he requires great care. A female which survived six years in an
+aviary, laying several eggs, though kept singly, was fed on canary seed,
+maize, a little sugar, raw beef and carrots. W. Gedney seems to have
+been peculiarly happy in his specimens, remarking, "But for the terribly
+sudden death which so often overtakes these birds, they would be the
+most charming feathered pets that a lady could possess, having neither
+the power nor inclination to bite savagely." The same writer's
+recommendation to feed this Lory exclusively upon soft food, in which
+honey forms a great part, probably accounts for his advice to those
+"whose susceptible natures would be shocked" by the sudden death of
+their favorite, not to become the owner of a Blue Mountain Lory.
+
+Like all the parrot family these Lories breed in hollow boughs, where
+the female deposits from three to four white eggs, upon which she sits
+for twenty-one days. The young from the first resemble their parents
+closely, but are a trifle less brilliantly colored.
+
+They are very active and graceful, but have an abominable shriek. The
+noise is said to be nearly as disagreeable as the plumage is beautiful.
+They are very quarrelsome and have to be kept apart from the other
+parrots, which they will kill. Other species of birds however, are not
+disturbed by them. It is a sort of family animosity. They have been bred
+in captivity.
+
+The feathers of the head and neck are long and very narrow and lie
+closely together; the claws are strong and hooked, indicating their tree
+climbing habits. Their incessant activity and amusing ways make these
+birds always interesting to watch.
+
+
+
+
+THE RED WING BLACK BIRD.
+
+The Bird of Society.
+
+    The blackbirds make the maples ring
+    With social cheer and jubilee;
+    The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee.--EMERSON.
+
+
+The much abused and persecuted Red Wing Black Bird is found throughout
+North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific; and it breeds more
+or less abundantly wherever found. In New England it is generally
+migratory, though instances are on record where a few have been known
+to remain throughout the winter in Massachusetts. Passing, in January,
+through the lower counties of Virginia, one frequently witnesses the
+aerial evolutions of great numbers of these birds. Sometimes they appear
+as if driven about like an enormous black cloud carried before the wind,
+varying every moment in shape. Sometimes they rise suddenly from the
+fields with a noise like thunder, while the glittering of innumerable
+wings of the brightest vermillion, amid the black cloud, occasion a very
+striking effect. At times the whole congregated multitude will suddenly
+alight in some detached grove and commence one general concert, that can
+plainly be distinguished at the distance of more than two miles. With
+the Redwings the whole winter season seems one continued carnival. They
+find abundant food in the old fields of rice, buckwheat and grain, and
+much of their time is spent in aerial movements, or in grand vocal
+performances.
+
+The Redwings, for their nest, always select either the borders of
+streams or low marshy situations, amongst thick bunches of reeds. One
+nest was found built on a slender sapling at the distance of fourteen
+feet from the ground. The nest was pensile, like that of the Baltimore
+Oriole.
+
+They have from one to three or more broods in a season, according to
+locality.
+
+In the grain growing states they gather in immense swarms and commit
+havoc, and although they are shot in great numbers, and though their
+ranks are thinned by the attacks of hawks, it seems to have but little
+effect upon the survivors.
+
+On the other hand, these Black Birds more than compensate the farmer
+for their mischief by the benefit they confer in the destruction of grub
+worms, caterpillars, and various kinds of larvae, the secret and deadly
+enemies of vegetation. It has been estimated the number of insects
+destroyed by these birds in a single season, in the United States, to
+be twelve thousand millions.
+
+The eggs average about an inch in length. They are oval in shape, have a
+light bluish ground, and are marbled, lined and blotched with markings
+of light and dark purple and black.
+
+
+BLACKBIRD.
+
+    'Tis a woodland enchanted!
+    By no sadder spirit
+    Than blackbirds and thrushes,
+    That whistle to cheer it
+    All day in the bushes,
+    This woodland is haunted;
+    And in a small clearing,
+    Beyond sight or hearing
+    Of human annoyance,
+    The little fount gushes.--LOWELL.
+
+[Illustration: RED-WING BLACK BIRD.]
+
+
+
+
+THE BIRD OF SOCIETY.
+
+
+The blackbird loves to be one of a great flock. He talks, sings or
+scolds from morning until night. He cannot keep still. He will only stay
+alone with his family a few months in the summer. That is the reason he
+is called the "Bird of Society." When he is merry, he gaily sings,
+"Conk-quer-ree." When he is angry or frightened he screams, "Chock!
+Chock!" When he is flying or bathing he gives a sweet note which sounds
+like ee-u-u. He can chirp--chick, check, chuck, to his little ones as
+softly as any other bird. But only his best friends ever hear his
+sweetest tones, for the Blackbirds do not know how to be polite. They
+all talk at once. That is why most people think they only scream and
+chatter. Did you ever hear the blackbirds in the cornfields? If the
+farmers thought about it perhaps they would feel that part of every corn
+crop belongs to the Blackbirds. When the corn is young, the farmer
+cannot see the grubs which are eating the young plants. The Blackbirds
+can. They feed them to their babies--many thousands in a day. That is
+the way the crops are saved for the farmer. But he never thinks of that.
+Later when the Blackbirds come for their share of the corn the farmer
+says, "No, they shall not have my corn. I must stop that quickly."
+Perhaps the Blackbirds said the same thing to the grubs in the spring.
+It is hard to have justice for everyone.
+
+In April the Blackbird and his mate leave the noisy company. They seek
+a cosy home near the water where they can be quiet until August. They
+usually choose a swampy place among low shrubs and rushes. Here in the
+deep nest of coarse grass, moss and mud the mother bird lays her five
+eggs. They are very pretty--light blue with purple and black markings.
+Their friends say this is the best time to watch the blackbirds. In the
+flock they are all so much alike we cannot tell one from another. You
+would like to hear of some of the wise things Blackbirds do when they
+are tame.
+
+One friend of the birds turned her home into a great open bird cage. Her
+chair was the favorite perch of her birds. She never kept them one
+minute longer than they wanted to stay. Yet her home was always full.
+This was Olive Thorne Miller. If you care to, you might ask mother to
+get "Bird Ways" and read you what she says about this "bird of society"
+and the other birds of this book.
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN RED BIRD.
+
+
+American Red Birds are among our most common cage birds, and are very
+generally known in Europe, numbers of them having been carried over both
+to France and England. Their notes are varied and musical; many of them
+resembling the high notes of a fife, and are nearly as loud. They are in
+song from March to September, beginning at the first appearance of dawn
+and repeating successively twenty or thirty times, and with little
+intermission, a favorite strain.
+
+The sprightly figure and gaudy plumage of the Red Bird, his vivacity,
+strength of voice, and actual variety of note, and the little expense
+with which he is kept, will always make him a favorite.
+
+This species is more numerous to the east of the great range of the
+Alleghenies, but is found in Pennsylvania and Ohio, and is numerous in
+the lower parts of the Southern States. In January and February they
+have been found along the roadsides and fences, hovering together in
+half dozens, associating with snow birds, and various kinds of sparrows.
+In the northern states they are migratory, and in the southern part of
+Pennsylvania they reside during the whole year, frequenting the borders
+of rivulets, in sheltered hollows, covered with holly, laurel, and other
+evergreens. They love also to reside in the vicinity of fields of Indian
+corn, a grain that constitutes their chief and favorite food. The seeds
+of apples, cherries, and other fruit are also eaten by them, and they
+are accused of destroying bees.
+
+Early in May the Red Bird begins to prepare his nest, which is very
+often fixed in a holly, cedar or laurel bush. A pair of Red Birds in
+Ohio returned for a number of years to build their nest in a honeysuckle
+vine under a portico. They were never disturbed and never failed to rear
+a brood of young. The nest was constructed of small twigs, dry weeds,
+slips of vine bark, and lined with stalks of fine grass. Four eggs of
+brownish olive were laid, and they usually raised two broods in a
+season.
+
+In confinement they fade in color, but if well cared for, will live to
+a considerable age. They are generally known by the names: Red Bird,
+Virginia Red Bird, Virginia Nightingale, and Crested Red Bird. It is
+said that the female often sings nearly as well as the male.
+
+
+THE REDBIRDS.
+
+    Two Redbirds came in early May,
+    Flashing like rubies on the way;
+    Their joyous notes awoke the day,
+    And made all nature glad and gay.
+
+    Thrice welcome! crested visitants;
+    Thou doest well to seek our haunts;
+    The bounteous vine, by thee possessed,
+    From prying eyes shall keep thy nest.
+
+    Sing to us in the early dawn;
+    'Tis then thy scarlet throats have drawn
+    Refreshing draughts from drops of dew,
+    The enchanting concert to renew.
+
+    No plaintive notes, we ween, are thine;
+    They gurgle like a royal wine;
+    They cheer, rejoice, they quite outshine
+    Thy neighbor's voice, tho' it's divine.
+
+    Free as the circumambient air
+    Do thou remain, a perfect pair,
+    To come once more when Proserpine
+    Shall swell the buds of tree and vine.
+                                 --C. C. M.
+
+ [Illustration: CARDINAL.]
+
+THE RED BIRD.
+
+
+    Is it because he wears a red hat,
+      That we call him the Cardinal Bird?
+    Or is it because his voice is so rich
+      That scarcely a finer is heard?
+
+    'Tis neither, but this--I've guessed it, I'm sure--
+    His dress is a primary color of Nature.
+    It blends with the Oriole's golden display,
+    And the garment of Blue Bird completes the array.
+                                 --C. C. M.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ ATTEND THE BEST.
+ CHICAGO BUSINESS COLLEGE
+ Wabash Ave. & Randolph St.
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ Elegant new building. Finer apartments than any other Commercial School
+ in the United States. Thorough courses in BUSINESS, SHORTHAND and ENGLISH.
+ Day and Evening Sessions. Write for catalogue mailed FREE.
+
+                                  Address GONDRING & VIRDEN, Principals.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ WRITE FOR SAMPLES
+ AND PRICES OF
+ COMMENCEMENT
+ PROGRAMS
+
+         MIZE & STEARNS
+         PRINTERS AND BINDERS
+         CHICAGO
+
+ Telephone Harrison 560      346 to 350 Dearborn Street
+
+                                            CATALOGUES
+                                            PERIODICALS
+                                            EMBOSSING
+                                            FINE STATIONERY
+
+ SAM R. CARTER, President.        GUSTAV ZEESE, Secretary.
+
+
+
+
+ CHICAGO Colortype COMPANY
+ PHOTOGRAPHY IN NATURAL COLORS
+
+ ART COLOR... PRINTERS and ENGRAVERS,
+
+ Office and Works:
+    1205-1213 Roscoe Street.      CHICAGO.
+
+             PAINTINGS,
+             WATER COLORS,
+             LITHOGRAPHS,
+
+ and Articles of every description faithfully reproduced
+       IN THEIR NATURAL COLORS.
+
+ The Illustrations in this Magazine were engraved and printed by us.
+
+
+
+
+ WHAT WE WILL
+ SELL YOU FOR $12.00
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ #4 FEET LONG, 2 FEET 5 INCHES WIDE.#
+
+ Oak, Extension Slide, Finished back Quarter-sawed
+ Sycamore Pigeon Holes,
+ Combination Lock on Drawers,
+ Spring Lock with two keys on Curtain.
+ GUARANTEED PERFECT.
+ Can not be duplicated for less than $20.00.
+
+ Securely Packed and put on board cars for
+ $12.00 and shipped C. O. D. with privilege of examination.
+
+         THE BAKER SAFE COMPANY,
+ 47 and 49 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.
+
+
+
+
+ The Best is the Cheapest
+
+ CROWN FOUNTAIN PENS
+ CROWN GOLD PENS
+
+ Received Highest Awards
+      at World's Fair, Chicago, 1893
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ ALL SIZES AND STYLES
+      EVERY PEN GUARANTEED
+
+  CROWN PEN CO., Manufacturers
+ 78 State Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+ ALL MAKES OF FOUNTAIN AND GOLD PENS
+             REPAIRED.
+
+
+
+
+ What POINTS do You Want in a COPYING Machine?
+
+ These points {You want RAPIDITY        Copies one hundred letters in
+ are all                                  seven minutes.
+ contained in {You want ECONOMY         Save copy books, blotters, cloths,
+ Anderson's                               baths, etc.
+ Automatic    {You want EFFICIENCY      It makes the most perfect copies.
+ Copying      {You want UNIFORMITY      One copy the same as another.
+ Machine.     {You want SIMPLICITY      Easy to learn, easy to run; it's
+                                          simplicity itself.
+              {You want DURABILITY      Well constructed of selected
+                                          metals.
+              {You want ATTRACTIVENESS  An ornament to any office.
+
+ FAST--DURABLE--SIMPLE.
+
+ SAVES TIME, MATERIAL, MONEY.
+   SAVES ITS COST EVERY YEAR BY ECONOMY IN COPYING PAPER.
+     EVERY BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MAN NEEDS IT.
+
+ Will allow for your old screw press. SEND FOR TRADE PROPOSITION. Address
+
+    ANDERSON AUTOMATIC COPYING MACHINE CO.
+                      910 Monadnock Block, CHICAGO.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ STEGER
+    PIANOS
+
+  CELEBRATED
+  FOR THEIR
+
+ Liquid Quality of Tone
+ Elasticity of Action
+ Great Durability
+
+ STEGER & CO.
+ MANUFACTURERS
+
+ COR. WABASH AVE.
+ AND JACKSON ST    CHICAGO, ILL. U.S.A.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+TESTIMONIALS.
+
+                                  FRANKFORT. KY., February 3, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK, Vice-President,
+                     Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: I have a copy of your magazine entitled "Birds," and beg to
+say that I consider it one of the finest things on the subject that I
+have ever seen, and shall be pleased to recommend it to county and city
+superintendents of the state.
+
+                           Very respectfully,
+                                     W. J. DAVIDSON,
+                           State Superintendent Public Instruction.
+
+
+                             SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., January 27, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK, ESQ.,
+           Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: I am very much obliged for the copy of "Birds" that has just
+come to hand. It should be in the hands of every primary and grammar
+teacher. I send herewith copy of "List of San Francisco Teachers."
+
+                                            Very respectfully,
+                                                        M. BABCOCK.
+
+
+                                   LINCOLN, NEB., February 9, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK,
+     Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: The first number of your magazine, "Birds," is upon my desk. I
+am highly pleased with it. It will prove a very serviceable
+publication--one that strikes out along the right lines. For the purpose
+intended, it has, in my opinion, no equal. It is clear, concise, and
+admirably illustrated.
+
+                     Very respectfully,
+                                       W. R. JACKSON,
+                           State Superintendent Public Instruction.
+
+
+                                NORTH LIMA, OHIO, February 1, 1897.
+
+ MR. W. E. WATT,
+
+Dear Sir: Sample copy of "Birds" received. All of the family delighted
+with it. We wish it unbounded success. It will be an excellent
+supplement to "In Birdland" in the Ohio Teachers' Reading Circle, and I
+venture Ohio will be to the front with a good subscription list. I
+enclose list of teachers.
+
+                        Very truly,
+                                   C. M. L. ALTDOERFFER,
+                                           Township Superintendent.
+
+
+                                       MILWAUKEE, January 30, 1897.
+
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
+             227 Dearborn Street, Chicago.
+
+Gentlemen: I acknowledge with pleasure the receipt of your publication,
+"Birds," with accompanying circulars. I consider it the best on the
+subject in existence. I have submitted the circulars and publication to
+my teachers, who have nothing to say but praise in behalf of the
+monthly.
+
+                                JULIUS TORNEY,
+                Principal 2nd Dist. Primary School, Milwaukee, Wis.
+
+
+
+
+OUR PREMIUM
+
+ A picture of wonderful beauty
+ of the Golden Pheasant almost
+ life size in a natural scene,
+ plate 12x18 inches, on card
+ 19x25 inches, is given as a
+ premium to yearly subscribers.
+ Our price on this picture in
+ Art Stores is $3.50.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR
+PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 30626.txt or 30626.zip *******
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