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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/30594-8.txt b/30594-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70a767d --- /dev/null +++ b/30594-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3536 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 215, December 10, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 215, December 10, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: December 4, 2009 [EBook #30594] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 10, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{557} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 215.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters of Malta, + by William Winthrop 557 + Penny Sights and Exhibitions in the Reign of James I., + by A. Grayan 558 + The Impossibilities of our Forefathers 559 + Parallel Passages, by the Rev. John Booker 560 + Astrology in America 561 + + MINOR NOTES:--"Hierosolyma est perdita"--Quaint Inscription + in a Belfry--The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and + Judah--The Using a Circumstance as a "Peg," or "Nail," to + hang an Argument on, &c.--Turkish and Russian Grammars-- + Chronograms in Sicily--Stone Pulpits--Advertisements and + Prospectuses 561 + + Queries:-- + + English Refugees at Ypenstein 562 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Petrarch's Laura--"Epitaphium Lucretiæ"-- + McDowall Family--Arms of Geneva--Webb of Monckton Farleigh-- + Translation Wanted--Latin Translation from Sheridan, &c.-- + Gale of Rent--Arms of Sir Richard de Loges--Gentile Names + of the Jews--Henry, Earl of Wotton--Kicker-eating--Chadderton + of Nuthurst, co. Lancashire--George, first Viscount + Lanesborough, and Sir Charles Cotterell--"Firm was their + faith," &c.--The Mother of William the Conqueror--Pedigree + of Sir Francis Bryan 562 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS--"The Whole Duty of Man"--"It + rained cats and dogs and little pitchforks:" Helter-skelter-- + Father Traves--Precise Dates of Births and Deaths of the + Pretenders--Clarence 564 + + REPLIES:-- + Mackey's "Theory of the Earth" 565 + Sincere, Simple, Singular 567 + Poetical Tavern Signs 568 + Homo Unius Libri 569 + The Forlorn Hope, by W. R. Wilde 569 + Tieck's "Comoedia Divina" 570 + Liveries worn by Gentlemen 571 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.--Queries on Dr. Diamond's + Calotype Process--Albumenized Paper 572 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Marcarnes--X on Brewers' Casks-- + No Sparrows at Lindham--Theobald le Botiller--Vault at + Richmond, Yorkshire--Lord Audley's Attendants at Poictiers-- + Portraits at Brickwall House--The Words "Mob" and "Cash"-- + English Clergyman in Spain--The Cid--Exterior Stoups--Green + Jugs used by the Templars--"Peccavi," I have Scinde-- + Raffaele's "Sposalizio"--Early Use of Tin: Derivation of the + Name of Britain--Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott-- + Derivation of the Word "Humbug"--Bees--Topsy Turvy--Parish + Clerks and Politics, &c. 572 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 577 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 578 + Notices to Correspondents 578 + Advertisements 578 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS OF MALTA. + +(_Continued from_ p. 99.) + +In my first communication I did myself the pleasure to send you a correct +list of all the royal letters which had been sent by different English +monarchs to the Grand Masters of Malta, with their dates, the languages in +which they were written, and stating to whom they were addressed. I now +purpose to forward with your permission from time to time, literal +translations of these letters, which Mr. Strickland of this garrison has +kindly promised to give me. The subjoined are the first in order, and have +been carefully compared, by Dr. Vella and myself, with the originals now in +the Record Office. + +No. I. + + Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip + Villiers de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem. + + Our most dear friend--Greeting: + +The venerable and religious men, Sir Thomas Docreus, Prior of St. John's in +this kingdom, and Sir W. Weston of your convent, Turcoplerius, have lately +delivered to us the epistle of your Reverence, and when we had read it, +they laid before us the commission which they had in charge, with so much +prudence and address, and recommended to us the condition, well being, and +honour of their Order with so much zeal and affection, that they have much +increased the good will, which of ourselves we feel towards the Order, and +have made us more eager in advancing all its affairs, so that we very much +hope to declare by our actions the affection which we feel towards this +Order. + +And that we might give some proof of this our disposition, we have written +at great length to His Imperial Majesty, in _favour of maintaining the +occupation_ of Malta, and we have given orders to our envoys there to help +forward this affair as much as they are able. The other matters, indeed, +{558} your Reverence will learn more in detail from the letters of the said +Prior. + + From our Palace at Richmond, + Eighth day of January, 1523, + Your good friend, + HENRY REX. + +No. II. + + Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip + Villiers de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem. + + Our most dear friend--Greeting: + +By other of our letters we have commended to your Reverence our beloved Sir +W. Weston, Turcoplerius, and the whole Order of Jerusalem in our kingdom; +but since we honour the foresaid Sir W. Weston with a peculiar affection, +we have judged him worthy that we should render him more agreeable and more +acceptable to your Reverence, by this our renewed recommendation; and we +trust that you will have it the more easily in your power to satisfy this +our desire, because, on account of the trust which you yourself placed in +him, you appointed him special envoy to ourselves in behalf of the affairs +of his Order, and showed that you honoured him with equal good will. We +therefore most earnestly entreat your Reverence not to be backward in +receiving him on his return with all possible offices of love, and to serve +him especially in those matters which regard his office of Turcoplerius, +and his Mastership. Moreover, if any honours in the gift and disposal of +your Reverence fall due to you, with firm confidence we beg of you to +vouchsafe to appoint and promote the foresaid Sir William Weston to the +same, which favour will be so pleasing and acceptable to us, that when +occasion offers we will endeavour to return it not only to your Reverence, +but also to your whole Order. And may every happiness attend you. + + From our Palace at Windsor, + First day of August, 1524, + Your good friend, + HENRY REX. + +No. III. + + Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip + Villiers de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem. + + Our most dear friend--Greeting: + +Ambrosius Layton, our subject, and brother of the same Order, has delivered +to us your Reverence's letter, and from it we very well understand the +matters concerning the said Order, which your Reverence had committed to +his charge to be delivered to us; but we have delayed to return an answer, +and we still delay, because we have understood that a general Chapter of +your whole Order will be held in a short time, to which we doubt not that +the more prudent and experienced of the brethren of the Order will come, +and we trust that, by the general wish and counsel of all of you, a place +may be selected for this illustrious Order which may be best suited for the +imperial support and advancement of the Republic, and for the assailing of +the infidels. When therefore your Reverence shall have made us acquainted +with the place selected for the said Chapter, you shall find us no less +prompt and ready than any other Christan prince in all things which can +serve to the advantage and support of the said Order. + + From our Palace at Richmond, + Fourth day (month omitted), 1526, + Your good friend, + HENRY REX. + +That the subject of the above letters may be better understood, it may be +necessary to state that L'Isle Adam was driven out of Rhodes by the Sultan +Solyman, after a most desperate and sanguinary struggle, which continued +almost without intermission from the 26th of June to the 18th of December, +1523. From this date to the month of October, 1530, nearly seven years, the +Order of St. John of Jerusalem had no fixed residence, and the Grand Master +was a wanderer in Italy, either in Rome, Viterbo, Naples, or Syracuse, +while begging of the Christian Powers to assist him in recovering Rhodes, +or Charles V. to give him Malta as a residence for his convent. It was +during this period that the above letters, and some others which I purpose +sending hereafter, were written. + +WILLIAM WINTHROP. + + * * * * * + +PENNY SIGHTS AND EXHIBITIONS IN THE REIGN OF JAMES I. + +The following curious list may amuse some of your readers. I met with it +among the host of panegyrical verses prefixed to Master Tom Coryate's +_Crudities_, published in 1611. Even in those days it will be admitted that +the English were rather fond of such things, and glorious Will himself +bears testimony to the fact. (See _Tempest_, Act II. Sc. 2.) The hexameter +verses are anonymous; perhaps one of your well-read antiquaries may be able +to assign to them the author, and be disposed to annotate them. I would +particularly ask when was Drake's ship broken up, and is there any date on +the chair[1] made from the wood, which is now to be seen at the Bodleian +Library, Oxford? + + "Why doe the rude vulgar so hastily post in a madnesse + To gaze at trifles, and toyes not worthy the viewing? + {559} + And thinke them happy, when may be shew'd for a penny + The Fleet-streete Mandrakes, that heavenly motion of Eltham, + Westminster Monuments, and Guildhall huge Corinæus, + That horne of Windsor (of an Unicorne very likely), + The cave of Merlin, the skirts of Old Tom a Lincolne, + King John's sword at Linne, with the cup the Fraternity drinke in, + The tombe of Beauchampe, and sword of Sir Guy a Warwicke, + The great long Dutchman, and roaring Marget a Barwicke, + The mummied Princes, and Cæsar's wine yet i' Dover, + Saint James his ginney-hens, the Cassawarway[2] moreover, + The Beaver i' the Parke (strange Beast as e'er any man saw), + Downe-shearing Willowes with teeth as sharpe as a hand-saw, + The lance of John a Gaunt, and Brandon's still i' the Tower, + The fall of Ninive, with Norwich built in an hower. + King Henries slip-shoes, the sword of valiant Edward, + The Coventry Boares-shield, and fire-workes seen but to bedward, + Drake's ship at Detford, King Richard's bed-sted i' Leyster, + The White Hall Whale-bones, the silver Bason i' Chester; + The live-caught Dog-fish, the Wolfe, and Harry the Lyon, + Hunks of the Beare Garden to be feared, if he be nigh on. + All these are nothing, were a thousand more to be scanned, + (Coryate) unto thy shoes so artificially tanned." + +In explanation of the last line, Tom went no less than 900 miles on one +pair of soles, and on his return he hung up these remarkable shoes for a +memorial in Odcombe Church, Somersetshire, where they remained till 1702. + +Another "penny" sight was a trip to the top of St. Paul's. (See Dekker's +_Gul's Horne Book_, 1609.) + +A. GRAYAN. + +[Footnote 1: The date to Cowley's lines on the chair is 1662.] + +[Footnote 2: "An East Indian bird at Saint James, in the keeping of Mr. +Walker, that will carry no coales, but eate them as whot as you will."] + + * * * * * + +THE IMPOSSIBILITIES OF OUR FOREFATHERS. + +In turning over the pages of old authors, it is amusing to note how the +_mountains_ of our primitive ancestors have become _mole-hills_ in the +hands of the present generation! A few instances would, I think, be very +instructive; and, to set the example, I give you the following from my own +note-book. + +_The Overland Journey to India._--From the days of Sir John Mandeville, +until a comparatively recent period, how portentous of danger, difficulty, +and daring has been the "Waye to Ynde wyth the Maruelyes thereof!" + +In _Lingua, or the Combat of the Tongue_, by Brewer, London, 1657, +originally published in 1607, Heursis complains that Phantases had +interrupted his cogitations upon three things which had troubled his brain +for many a day: + + "_Phant._ Some great matters questionless; what were they? + + _Heur._ The quadrature of the circle, the philosopher's stone, and the + _next way to the Indies_. + + _Phant._ Thou dost well to meditate on these things all at once, for + they'll be found out altogether, _ad græcas calendas_." + +Dr. Robertson's _Disquisition on the Knowledge the Ancients had of India_, +shows that communications overland existed from a remote period; and we +know that the East India Company had always a route open for their +dispatches on emergent occasions; but let the reader consult the +_Reminiscences_ of Dr. Dibdin, and he will find an example of its utter +uselessness when resorted to in 1776 to apprize the Home Government of +hostile movements on the part of an enemy. To show, however, in a more +striking light, the difference between the "overland route" a century back, +and that of 1853, I turn up the _Journal of Bartholomew Plaisted_: London, +1757. This gentleman, who was a servant of the East India Company, tells us +that he embarked at Calcutta in 1749 for England; and, after encountering +many difficulties, reached Dover _viâ_ Bussorah, Aleppo, and Marseilles in +twelve months! Bearing this in mind, let the reader refer to the London +daily papers of this eighth day of November, 1853, and he will find that +intelligence reached the city on that afternoon of the arrival at Trieste +of the _Calcutta_ steamer, furnishing us with telegraph advices from-- + + Bengal, Oct. 3. 36 days! + Bombay, Oct. 14. 25 days!! + Hong Kong, Sept. 27. 46 days!!! + +Rapid as this is, and strikingly as it exemplifies the gigantic appliances +of our day, the cry of Heursis in the play is still for the _next_, or a +nearer _way to India_; and, besides the _Ocean Mail_, the magnificent +sailing vessels, and the steamers of _fabulous_ dimensions said to be +building for the Cape route to perform the passage from London to Calcutta +in thirty days, we are promised the _electric telegraph_ to furnish us with +news from the above-named ports in a less number of _hours_ than _days_ now +occupied! + +{560} + +We have thus seen that the impetus once given, it is impossible to limit or +foresee where this tendency to knit us to the farthermost parts of the +world will end! + +"Steam to India" was nevertheless almost stifled at its birth, and its +early progress sadly fettered and retarded by those whose duty it was to +have fostered and encouraged it--I mean the East India Company. From this +censure of a body I would exclude some of their servants in India, and +particularly a name that may be new to your readers in connexion with this +subject, that of the late Mr. Charles P. Greenlaw of Calcutta, to whom I +would ascribe all honour and glory as the great _precursor_ of the +movement, subsequently so triumphantly achieved by the Peninsular and +Oriental Company. This gentleman, at the head of the East India Company's +Marine Establishment in Bengal, brought all the enthusiasm of his character +to bear upon the question of steam _viâ_ the Red Sea; and raised such an +agitation in the several Presidencies, that the _slow coach_ in Leadenhall +Street was compelled to move on, and Mr. Greenlaw lived to see his labours +successful. Poor Greenlaw was as deaf as a post, and usually carried on his +arm a flexible pipe, with an ivory tip and mouth-piece, through which he +received the communications of his friends. How often have I seen him, +after an eloquent appeal on behalf of his scheme, hand this to the party he +would win over to his views: and if the responses sent through it were +favourable, he was delighted; but, if the contrary, his irascibility knew +no bounds; and snatching his pipe from the mouth of the senseless man who +could not see the value of "steam for India," he would impatiently coil it +round his arm, and, with a recommendation to the less sanguine to give the +subject the attention due to its importance, would whisk himself off to +urge his point in some other quarter! I have already said that Mr. Greenlaw +lived to see the overland communication firmly established; and his fellow +citizens, to mark their high estimation of his character, and the unwearied +application of his energies in the good cause, have embellished their fine +"Metcalfe Hall" with a marble bust of this best of advocates for the +interests of India. + +J. O. + + * * * * * + +PARALLEL PASSAGES. + +(Vol. viii., p. 372.) + +Adopting the suggestion of F. W. J., I contribute the following parallel +passages towards the collection which he proposes: + + 1. "And He said unto them, Take heed and beware of covetousness, for a + man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he + possesseth."--Luke xii. 15. + + "Non possidentem multa vocaveris + Recte beatum; rectius occupat + Nomen beati, qui Deorum + Muneribus sapienter uti, + Duramque callet pauperiem pati; + Pejusque leto flagitium timet."--Hor. _Carm._, lib. IV. ode ix. + + 2. "For that which I do I allow not: for what I would that do I not; + but what I hate that do I."--Rom. vii. 15. + + "Sed trahit invitam nova vis; aliudque Cupido, + Mens aliud suadet. Video meliora, proboque: + Deteriora sequor."--Ovid, _Metam._, lib. VII. 19-21. + + "Quæ nocuere sequar, fugiam quæ profore credam."--_Hor._, lib. I. epist. + viii. 11. + + 3. "Without father, without mother, without descent," &c.--Heb. vii. 3. + + "Ante potestatem Tullî atque ignobile regnum, + Multos sæpe viros, nullis majoribus ortos + Et vixisse probes," &c.--Hor. _Sat._ I. vi. 9. + + 4. "For I have said before, that ye are in our hearts to die and live + with you."--2 Cor. vii. 3. + + "Tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam libens."--Hor. _Carm._, lib. III. ix. + + 5. "Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die."--1 Cor. xv. 32. + + "Convivæ certe tui dicunt, Bibamus moriendum est."--Senec. _Controv._ xiv. + + 6. "Be not thou afraid though one be made rich, or if the glory of his + house be increased; for he shall carry nothing away with him when he + dieth, neither shall his pomp follow him."--Ps. xlix. 16, 17. + + "How loved, how honoured once, avails thee not; + To whom related, or by whom begot: + A heap of dust alone remains of thee. + 'Tis all thou art, and all the proud shall be."--Pope. + + "Divesne, prisco natus ab Inacho, + Nil interest, an pauper, et infima + De gente sub divo moreris, + Victima nil miserantis Orci."--Hor. _Carm._, lib. II. iii. + +The following close parallelism between Ben Jonson and Horace, though a +little wide of your correspondent's suggestion, is also worthy of notice. I +have never before seen it remarked upon. It would, perhaps, be more correct +to describe it as a plagiarism than as a parallelism: + + "_Mosca._ And besides, Sir, + You are not like the thresher that doth stand + With a huge flail, watching a heap of corn, + And, hungry, dares not taste the smallest grain, + But feeds on mallows, and such bitter herbs; + Nor like the merchant, who hath filled his vaults + With Romagnia, and rich Candian wines, + Yet drinks the lees of Lombard's vinegar: + You will lie not in straw, whilst moths and worms + {561} + Feed on your sumptuous hangings and soft beds; + You know the use of riches."--Ben Johnson, _The Fox_. + + "Si quis ad ingentem frumenti semper acervum + Prorectus vigilet cum longo fuste, neque illinc + Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum, + Ac potius foliis parcus vescatur amaris: + Si, positis intus Chii veterisque Falerni + Mille cadis--nihil est, tercentum millibus, acre + Potet acetum; age, si et stramentis incubet, unde-- + Octoginta annos natus, cui stragula vestis, + Blattarum ac tinearum epulæ, putrescat in arca."--Hor. _Sat._, lib. II. + iii. + +JOHN BOOKER. + +Prestwich. + + * * * * * + +ASTROLOGY IN AMERICA. + +The six following advertisements are cut from a recent Number of the _New +York Herald_: + + "Madame Morrow, seventh daughter of a seventh daughter, and a + descendant of a line of astrologers reaching back for centuries, will + give ladies private lectures on all the events of life, in regard to + health, wealth, love, courtship, and marriage. She is without exception + the most wonderful astrologist in the world, or that has ever been + known. She will even tell their very thoughts, and will show them the + likenesses of their intended husbands and absent friends, which has + astonished thousands during her travels in Europe. She will leave the + city in a very short time. 76. Broome Street, between Cannon and + Columbia. Gentlemen are not admitted." + + "Madame la Compt flatters herself that she is competent, by her great + experience in the art of astrology, to give true information in regard + to the past, present, and future. She is able to see clearly any losses + her visitors may have sustained, and will give satisfactory information + in regard to the way of recovery. She has and continues to give perfect + satisfaction. Ladies and gentlemen 50 cents. 13. Howard Street." + + "Mad. la Compt has been visited by over two hundred ladies and + gentlemen the past week, and has given perfect satisfaction; and, in + consideration of the great patronage bestowed upon her, she will remain + at 13. Howard Street for four days more, when she will positively sail + for the South." + + "Mrs. Alwin, renowned in Europe for her skill in foretelling the + future, has arrived, and will furnish intelligence about all + circumstances of life. She interprets dreams, law matters, and love, by + astrology, books, and science, and tells to ladies and gentlemen the + name of the persons they will marry; also the names of her visitors. + Mrs. Alvin speaks the English, French and German languages. Residence, + 25. Rivington Street, up stairs, near the Bowery. Ladies 50 cents, + gentlemen 1 dollar." + + "Mrs. Prewster, from Philadelphia, tenders her services to the ladies + and gentlemen of this city in astrology, love, and law matters, + interpreting dreams, &c., by books and science, constantly relied on by + Napoleon; and will tell the name of the lady or gentleman they will + marry; also the names of the visitors. Residence, No. 59. Great Jones + Street, corner of the Bowery. Ladies 50 cents, gentlemen 1 dollar." + + "The celebrated Dr. F. Shuman, Swede by birth, just arrived in this + city, offers his services in astrology, physiognomy, &c. He can be + consulted on matters of love, marriage, past, present, and future + events in life. Nativity calculated for ladies and gentlemen. Mr. S. + has travelled through the greater part of the world in the last + forty-two years, and is willing to give the most satisfactory + information. Office, 175. Chambers Street, near Greenwich." + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +"_Hierosolyma est perdita._"--Whilst studying in Germany, I remember seeing +one day some Jews in a great passion because a few little boys had been +shouting "Hep! hep!" On information I heard, that whenever the German +knights headed a Jew-hunt in the Middle Ages, they always raised the cry +"Hep! hep!" This is remembered even to the present day. + +HENRI VAN LAUN. + +King William's College, Isle of Man. + +_Quaint Inscription in a Belfry._--I think the following unique piece of +authorship deserves, for its quaint originality, a corner in "N. & Q." It +is copied from an inscription dated Jan. 31, 1757, in the belfry of the +parish church of Fenstanton, Hunts: + + "January y^e 31, 1757. + Hear was ten defran^t + Peals Rung in 50 minutes + which is 1200, + Changes by thouse, + names who are Under. + + 1. Jn^o Allin + 2. Jm^s Brown + 3. Jno. Cade + 4. Rob^t Cole + 5. Will^m How." + + "All you young Men y^t larn y^o Ringen Art, + Besure you see & will perform your part + no Musick with it Can Excell. + nor be compared to y^e Melodeus bells." + +Perhaps I may as well add that this is a faithful copy of the original +inscription, both in orthography and punctuation. + +W. T. WATTS. + +St. Ives, Hunts. + +_The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and Judah._--After the many +conjectures which have been formed respecting the [Hebrew: SPR DBRY HYMYM] +of the kings of Israel and Judah, allow me to suggest the probability of +their bearing some resemblance to the records of the "wars" and "might" of +the monarchs of Assyria, recently brought to light by Mr. Layard. + +[Hebrew: P]. + +_The Using a Circumstance as a "Peg," or "Nail," to hang an Argument on, +&c._--In the parliamentary debates we frequently read of one honorable +member accusing another honorable member of dragging in a certain +expression or quotation for the mere sake of hanging upon it some argument +or observation apposite to his motion or resolution.--Query, The origin of +this term? + +My attention was drawn to it by reading the First Lesson at Morning Prayer +for 25th May, viz. Ezra ix. 8., where the expression means something to +hold by, or some resting-place. + +In the following verse, the term is changed into "a wall," meaning some +support or help. + +Has this passage ever challenged the attention of any of your numerous +readers, or can the common saying fairly be referred to it? + +ANON. + +Norwood. + +_Turkish and Russian Grammars._--At the present moment it may be found +interesting to make a note of it for "N. & Q.," that the first {562} +Turkish and Russian grammars published in this country appeared at Oxford; +the Turkish, by Seaman, in 1670, and the Russian, by Ludolf, in 1696. Both +are written in Latin. + +J. M. + +_Oxford._ + +_Chronograms in Sicily._--After the opening of the gold mines at +Fiume-di-Nisi, which are now being reworked, the Messinese struck coins +bearing the motto-- + + "eX VIsCerIbVs MeIs haeC fVnDItVr." + +Giving XVICIVMICVDIV. 1734? + +On a fountain near the church of St. Francesco di Paola: + + "D. O. M. + Imperante Carlo VI., Vicregente Comite de Palma, + Gubernante Civitatem Comite de Wallis. + + P. P. P. + Vt aCtIonIbVs nostrIs IVste proCeDaMVs." + +Which gives VCIIVIIVCDMV. 1724. + +The death of Charles, Infanta of Spain, is thus indicated: + + "FILIVs ante DIeM patrIos InqVIrIt In annos." + +1568. + +G. E. T. S. R. N. + +_Stone Pulpits._--A complete list of _ancient_ stone pulpits in England and +Wales would be desirable. Their positions should be specified; and whether +in use or not, should be stated. I have seen the following: + +Nantwich, Cheshire; at the junction of north transept and chancel (not +used). + +Bristol Cathedral; adjoining one of the north pillars of nave (not used). + +Wolverhampton Collegiate Church; adjoining one of south pillars of nave (in +use?) + +T. H. KERSLEY, B.A. + +Audlem, Nantwich. + +_Advertisements and Prospectuses._--It is, I believe, the custom for the +most part to make wastepaper of the advertisements and prospectuses that +are usually stitched up, in considerable numbers, with the popular reviews +and magazines. Now, as these adventitious sheets often contain scraps and +fragments of contemporaneous intelligence, literary and bibliographical, +with occasional artistic illustrations, would it not be well to preserve +them, and to bind them up in a separate form at the end of the year; +connecting them with the particular review or magazine to which they +belonged, but describing also the contents of the volume by a distinct +lettering-piece? + +If the work of destruction of such frail, but frequently interesting +records, should go on at the present rate, posterity will be in danger of +losing many valuable data respecting the state of British literature at +different periods, as depicted by a humbler class of documents, employed by +it for the diffusion of its copious productions. + +JOHN MACRAY. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +ENGLISH REFUGEES AT YPENSTEIN. + +When I was at Alkmaar about thirty years ago, I strolled to the +neighbouring village of Heilo, on the road to Limmen, where I saw, +surrounded by a moat, the foundations of the castle of Ypenstein. A view of +this once noble pile is to be found in the well-known work of Rademaker, +_Kabinet van Nederlandsche en Kleefsche Oudheden_. This place, as tradition +tells, once witnessed the perpetration of a violent deed. When the son of +the unfortunate Charles I. was an exile in our country, this house +Ypenstein was occupied by a family of English emigrants, high in rank, who +lived here for a while in quiet. How far these exiles were even here secure +from the spies of Cromwell appeared on a certain dark night, after a +suspicious vessel had been seen from the village of Egmond, when an armed +band of the Protector's Puritans, led by a guide, marched over the heath to +the house Ypenstein, seized all the inhabitants, and carried them off, by +the way they had come, to the coast, put them on board, and transported +them most probably to England. In such secresy and silence was this +violation of territory and the rights of hospitality perpetrated, that no +one in the neighbourhood perceived anything of the occurrence, except a +miller who saw the troop crossing the pathless heath in the direction of +the coast, but could not conceive what had brought so many persons together +in such a place at midnight. + +I would gladly learn whether anything is known of this transaction; and if +so, where I may find farther particulars of this English family, their +probable political importance, &c. To investigate the truth of this +tradition, that we may acquit or convict the far-famed Cromwell of so foul +a crime, cannot certainly be untimely now that two celebrated learned men +have undertaken to vindicate his memory.--From the _Navorscher_. + +INQUAERITOR. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Petrarch's Laura._--Mr. Mathews, in his _Diary of an Invalid in Italy, +&c._, p. 380., in speaking of the outrages and indignities which, during +the Revolution, were committed throughout France on the remains of the +dead, and were amongst the most revolting of its horrors, mentions, on the +authority of a fellow-passenger, an eye-witness, that the body of +Petrarch's Laura had been seen exposed to the most brutal indignities in +the streets of Avignon. He told Mr. Mathews that {563} it had been +embalmed, and was found in a mummy state, of a dark brown colour. I have +not met with any mention of these these circumstances elsewhere. Laura is +stated to have died of the plague (which seems to render it unlikely that +her body was embalmed): and according to Petrarch's famous note on his MS. +of Virgil, she was buried the same day, after vespers, in the church of the +Cordeliers. The date was April 1, 1348. That church was long celebrated for +her tomb, which contained also the body of Hugues de Sade, her husband. The +edifice is stated to be ruined, its very site being converted into a +fruit-garden; but the tomb is said to be still entire under the ground: and +more than twenty years after the French Revolution, a small cypress was +pointed out as marking the spot where Laura was interred. + +Is the circumstance of the desecration of her tomb mentioned by any other +writer? If it really took place, are we to conclude that the tree--if it +still exists--marks only the place where she had been interred: for, that +the body was rescued and recommitted to the tomb, can hardly be supposed? + +WM. SIDNEY GIBSON. + +"_Epitaphium Lucretiæ._"--The following lines are offered for insertion, +not because I doubt their being known to many of your readers, but with a +view to ask the name of the author: + + "_Epitaphium Lucretiæ._ + Dum foderet ferro tenerum Lucretia pectus + Sanguinis et torrens egrederetur: ait, + 'Accedant testes me non cessisse tyranno + 'Ante virum sanguis, spiritus ante Deos.'" + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_McDowall Family._--More than a century ago there was a family (since +extinct) of the name of McDowall, in the county Cavan, Ireland, belonging +to some branch of the ancient and noble Scottish family of that name, who +had migrated to these shores. Perhaps some of your readers could inform me +as to what branch they belonged, and when they settled in Ireland, as also +if there be any pedigree of them extant, as I am very anxious to learn +something of them at all events? + +GULIELMUS. + +Dublin. + +_Arms of Geneva._--Will any of your correspondents oblige me with a +technical blazon of the arms of the town of Geneva? + +F. F. B. + +Bury St. Edmunds. + +_Webb of Monckton Farleigh._--Perhaps some reader of "N. & Q." would be so +good as to inform me what were the arms, crest, and motto of the Webbs of +Monckton Farleigh, co. Wilts; also, if there be any pedigree of them +extant, and where it is to be found; or otherwise would direct me what +would be my best means to ascertain some account of that family, who are +now represented by the Duke of Somerset? + +HENRI. + +Dublin. + +_Translation Wanted._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I may +meet with a translation by the Rev. F. Hodgson, late Provost of Eton, &c., +of the _Atys_ of Catllus? + +P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. + +_Latin Translation from Sheridan, &c._--My treacherous memory retains one +line only of each of two translations into Latin verse, admirably done, of +two well-known pieces of English poetry. The first from a song by Sheridan, +of the lines: + + "Nor can I believe it then, + Till it gently press again." + + "Conscia ni dextram dextera pressa premat." + +The second: + + "Man wants but little here below, + Nor wants that little long." + +is thus rendered: + + "Poscimus in terris pauca, nec illa diù." + +If in the circle of your correspondents the complete translations can be +furnished, you will by their insertion, gratify other lovers of modern +Latin poetry besides + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_Gale of Rent._--I can imagine what is meant by a _gale of rent_, and be +thankful I have not to pay one. But what is the origin of the term _gale_ +as thus applied? + +Y. B. N. J. + +_Arms of Sir Richard de Loges._--What were the arms borne by Sir Richard de +Loges, or Lodge, of Chesterton, in the county of Warwick, temp. Henry IV.? + +LN. + +_Gentile Names of the Jews._--Are the Jews known to each other by their +Gentile names of Rothschild, Montefiore, Davis, &c.? or are these only +their _nommes de guerre_, assumed and abandoned at will on change of +country? + +G. E. T. S. R. N. + +_Henry, Earl of Wotton_ (Vol. viii., pp. 173. 281.).--The editors of the +_Navorscher_ express their thanks to BROCTUNA for his reply to their Query, +but hope he will kindly increase their debt of gratitude by elucidating +three points which seem to them obscure: + +1. Which Lord Stanhope died childless? Not Henry, Lord Stanhope, for he +(see p. 281.) left a son and two daughters; nor yet Philip, for his widow +had borne him daughters. Or have we wrongly understood the letters _s. p._ +to signify _sine prole_? + +2. Was it the Earl of Chesterfield, half-brother of Charles Henry van den +Kerckhove, or Charles {564} Stanhope his nephew, who took the name of +Wotton? + +3. Knight's _National Cyclopædia of Useful Knowledge_ (vol. xi. p. 374.) +names James Stanhope, Earl Stanhope, the eldest son of the Hon. Alexander +Stanhope, second son of Philip Stanhope, first Earl of Chesterfield. Had +the latter then, besides the above-named (see p. 281.) Henry, Lord +Stanhope, also other sons? + +_Kicker-eating._--Can any of your West Yorkshire readers supply me with +information relative to a practice which is said formerly to have prevailed +at Cleckheaton, of eating "kicker," or horseflesh? It is a fact that +natives of that locality who come to reside at Leeds are still subjected to +the opprobrium of being _kicker-eaters_. + +H. W. + +_Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. Lancashire._--When did the family of +Chadderton become extinct? Had Edmund Chadderton, son and heir of George +Chadderton by Jane Warren of Poynton, any descendants? and if so, what were +their names and the dates of their respective births, marriages, and +deaths? In short, any particulars relating to them down to the period of +the extinction of this family would be most acceptable. + +J. B. + +_George, first Viscount Lanesborough, and Sir Charles Cotterell._--G. S. S. +begs to submit the following questions to the readers of "N. & Q.:" When +did George Lane, first Viscount Lanesborough, in Ireland, die? And when Sir +Charles Cotterell, the translator of _Cassandra?_ Where were they both +buried? + +_"Firm was their faith," &c._--Who was the writer of those beautiful lines, +of which the following, the only verse I remember, is a portion? + + "Firm was their faith, the ancient bands, + The wise in heart, in wood and stone, + Who rear'd with stern and trusting hands, + The dark grey towers of days unknown. + They fill'd those aisles with many a thought, + They bade each nook some truth recall, + The pillar'd arch its legend brought, + A doctrine came with roof and wall!" + +And where can they be met with entire? + +P. M. + +_The Mother of William the Conqueror._--Can you or any of your +correspondents say which is right? In Debrett's _Peerage_ for 1790 the +genealogy of the Marchioness Grey gives her descent from "Rollo or Fulbert, +who was chamberlain to Robert, Duke of Normandy; and of his gift had the +castle and manor of Croy in Picardy, whence his posterity assumed their +surname, afterwards written de Grey. Which Rollo had a daughter Arlotta, +mother of William the Conqueror." Now history says that the mother of the +Conqueror was Arlette or Arlotte, the daughter of a tanner at Falaise. We +know how scrupulous the Norman nobility were in their genealogical records; +and likewise that in the lapse of time mistakes are perpetuated and become +history. Can history in this instance be wrong? and if so, how did the +mistake arise? I shall feel obliged to any one who can furnish farther +information on the subject. + +ALPHA. + +_Pedigree of Sir Francis Bryan._--This accomplished statesman, and ornament +of Henry VIII.'s reign, married Joan of Desmond, Countess Dowager of +Ormonde, and died childless in Ireland A.D. 1550. Query, Did any cadet of +his family accompany him to that country? I found a Louis Bryan settled in +the county of Kilkenny in Elizabeth's reign, and suspect that he came in +through the connexion of Sir F. Bryan with the Ormonde family. Any +information as to the arms and pedigree of Sir F. Bryan will greatly oblige + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +"_The Whole Duty of Man._"--Of what nature is the testimony that this book +was written by Dorothy Coventry, "the good Lady Pakington?" + +QUÆSITOR. + + [The supposition that Lady Packington was the author of _The Whole Duty + of Man_, arose from a copy of it in her handwriting having been found + at Westwood after her death. (Aubrey's _Letters_, vol. ii. p. 125.) But + the strongest evidence in favour of Lady Packington is the following + note: "Oct. 13, 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, in + Nottinghamshire, in the presence of William Thornton, Esq., and his + lady, Mrs. Heathcote, Mrs. Ashe, Mrs. Caulton, and John Hewit, Rector + of Harthill, declared the words following: 'Nov. 5, 1689. At + Shire-Oaks, Mrs. Eyre took me up into her chamber after dinner, and + told me that her daughter Moyser, of Beverley, was dead. Among other + things concerning the private affairs of the family, she told me who + was the author of _The Whole Duty of Man_, at the same time pulling out + of a private drawer a MS. tied together, and stitched in 8vo., which + she declared was the original copy written by Lady Packington her + mother, who disowned ever having written the other books imputed to be + by the same author, excepting _The Decay of Christian Piety_. She + added, too, that it had been perused in MS. by Dr. Covel, Master of + Trinity College, Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Prebendary of York, and Mr. + Banks, Rector of the Great Church at Hull.' Mr. Caulton declared this + upon his death-bed, two days before his decease. W. T. and J. H." This + is quoted from the Rev. W. B. Hawkins's Introduction to Pickering's + edition of 1842; and a similar account, with unimportant variations, is + given in "N. & Q.," Vol. ii. p. 292.: see also Vol. v., p. 229., and + Vol. vi., p. 537.] + +{565} + +_"It rained cats and dogs and little pitchforks."_--_Helter-skelter._--What +can be the origin of this saying? I can imagine that rain may descend with +such sharpness and violence as to cause as much destruction as a shower of +"pitchforks" would; but if any of your readers can tell me why heavy rain +should be likened to "cats and dogs," I shall be truly obliged. Many years +ago I saw a most cleverly drawn woodcut, of a party of travellers +encountering this imaginary shower; some of the animals were descending +helter-skelter from the clouds; others wreaking their vengeance on the +amazed wayfarers, while the "pitchforks" were running into the bodies of +the terrified party, while they were in vain attempting to run out of the +way of those which were threatening to fall upon their heads, and thus +striking them to the ground. So strange an idea must have had some peculiar +origin.--Can you or your readers say what it is? + +M. E. C. + +P. S.--I find I have used a word above, of which every one knows the +_signification_, "helter-skelter;" but I, for one, confess myself ignorant +of its _derivation_. And I shall be glad to be informed on the subject. + + [As to the etymology of _helter-skelter_, Sir John Stoddart remarks, + "The real origin of the word is obscure. If we suppose the principal + meaning to be in the first part, it may probably come from the Islandic + _hilldr_ pugna; if in the latter part, it may be from the German + _schalten_, to thrust forward, which in the dialect of the north of + England means 'to scatter and throw abroad as molehills are when + levelled;' or from _skeyl_, which in the same dialect is 'to push on + one side, to overturn.'"] + +_Father Traves._--Can any of your Lancashire readers refer me to a source +whence I might obtain information on matters pertaining to the life of one +Father Travers [Traves], the friend and correspondent of the celebrated +martyr John Bradford? + +As yet I have but met with the incidental mention of his name in the pages +of Fox, and in Hollingworth's _Mancuensis_, pp. 75, 76. + +A JESUIT. + + [The name is spelt by Fox sometimes Traves and sometimes Travers; but + who he was there is no particular mention; except that it appears from + Bradford's letters that he was some friend of the family, and from the + superscription to one of them, that he was the minister of Blackley, + near Manchester, in which place, or near to which, Bradford's mother + must then have resided. Strype says, he was a learned and pious + gentleman, his patron and counsellor.--_Mem. Eccles._, vol. iii. part + I. p. 364.] + +_Precise Dates of Births and Deaths of the Pretenders._--Will any one be so +kind as to tell me the date of the birth and death of James VIII. and his +son Charles III. (commonly called Prince Charles Edward Stuart)? These +dates are given so variously, that I am anxious to ascertain them +correctly. + +L. M. M. R. + + [We believe the following to be the precise dates:--James VIII., born + June 10, 1688; died January 2, 1765-6. Charles Edward, born December + 20, 1720 (sometimes printed as New Style, Dec. 31); died January 31, + 1788.] + +_Clarence._--Whence the name of this dukedom? Was the title borne by any +one before the time of Lionel, son of Edward III.? + +W. T. M. + + [The title CLARENCE was, as we learn from Camden (_Britannia_, edit. + Gough, vol. ii. pp. 73, 74.), derived from the honour of Clare, in + Suffolk; and was _first_ borne by Lionel Plantagenet, third son of + Edward III., who married Elizabeth de Burgh, daughter and heir of + William, Earl of Ulster, and obtained with her the honour of Clare. He + became, _jure uxoris_, Earl of Ulster, and was created, September 15, + 1362, Duke of Clarence.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +MACKEY'S "THEORY OF THE EARTH". + +(Vol. viii., p. 468.) + +About the year 1827, when the prosecutions for blasphemy were leading +hundreds and thousands to see what could be said against Christianity, with +a very powerful bias to make the most of all that they could find, some +friends of mine, of more ingenuity than erudition, strongly recommended to +my attention the works of a shoemaker at Norwich, named Mackey, who they +said was more learned than any one else, and had completely shown up _the +thing_. It is worth a note that I perfectly remember the cause of their +excitement to have been the imprisonment of the Rev. Robert Taylor, for +publishing various arguments against revelation. I examined several works +of Mackey's, and I have yet one or two bound up among my wonders of nature +and art. As in time to come, when neither love nor money will procure a +copy of these books, some tradition may set inquirers looking after them, +perhaps it may be worth while to preserve a couple of extracts for the +benefit of those who have the sense to hunt the index of "N. & Q." before +they give up anything. + + "The Virgin Andromeda, the daughter of _Cepheus_ and _Cassiopeia_, was + the representative of Palestina; a long, narrow, rocky strip of land; + figuratively called the daughter of Rocks and Mountains; because it is + a country abounding with rocks and stones. And the Greeks, really + supposing _Cepha_, a rock or stone, to have been the young ladies + father, added their sign of the masculine gender to it, and it became + Cepha-_us_. And mount Cassius being its southern boundary was called + _Cassiobi_; from its being also the boundary of the _overflowed Nile_, + called Obi, which the Greeks {566} softened into _Cassiopeia_, and + supposed it to have been her mother;..."--_Mythological Astronomy, part + second_, Norwich, 1823, 12mo., p. xiii. + + "The story of ABRAHAM, notwithstanding all the endeavours of + theologians to give it the appearance of the history of human beings, + has preserved its mythological features with an outline and colouring, + easily to be recognised by every son of _Urania_ [Ur of the Chaldees is + subsequently made to contain the root of _Uranus_]. We have just seen + that the Egyptians have their harvest about the time which the sun + _passes over_ the equator, and if we go back to the time of _Abraham_ + we shall find that the equator [perhaps he means equinox] was in + _Taurus_; the Egyptians must, then, have had their harvest while the + sun was in the Bull; the Bull was, therefore, in their figurative way + of speaking, the father of harvest, not only because he ploughed the + ground, but because the sun was there when they got in their harvest: + thus the Bull was doubly distinguished as their benefactor; he was now, + more than ever, become the _Bull of life_, i. e. he was not only called + _Abir_, the Bull, but _Abir-am_ or Ab'-r-am, the _Bull of life_,--the + father of harvest. And as their harvest was originally under the + direction of Iseth, or Isis, whatever belonged to harvest was _Isiac_; + but the Bull, _Abiram_, was now become the _father of Isiac_! and to + give this the appearance of a human descent, they added to Abir, the + masculine affix _ah_; then it became AB'-RH-AM who was the father of + Isiac. And we actually find _this equivoque_ in the hebrew history of + _Abram_ whom the Lord afterwards called _Abraham_, who was the _father + of Isaac_, whose seed was to be countless as the sand on the sea-shore + for multitude; even this is truly applied to _Isiac_ the offspring of + Ab'-rh-am; for countless indeed are the offspring of the _scythe and + sickle_! but if we allow _Isiac_ to be a _real son of Ab-rah-am_ we + must enquire after his _mother_. During the time that the equator + [perhaps he means the sun] is passing through the constellation of the + Bull in the spring, the Bull would _rise in the east_ every morning in + the harvest time, in Egypt,--but in the _poetical language of the + ancients_, it would be said that, when ABIR-AM _consorts_ with _Aurora_ + he will produce _Isiac_. But _Aurora_ is well known to be the _golden + splendour of the east_, and the brightness of the east is called + _Zara_, and the morning star is _Serah_, in the eastern languages, and + we find a similar change of sound in the name of Isaac's mother, whom + the Lord would no longer call _Sarai_ but Sarah. _These_ ARE remarkable + coincidences!"--_Companion to the Mythological Astronomy_, Norwich, + 1824, 12mo. pp. 177-179. + +M. + +In answer to the inquiry respecting this singular man, I beg to say that I +remember him between the years 1826 and 1830, as a shoemaker in Norwich. He +was in a low rank of trade, and in poor circumstances, which he endeavoured +to improve by exhibiting at private houses an orrery of his own making. He +was recognised as a "genius;" but, as may be seen by his writings, had +little reverence for established forms of belief. At the period of which I +speak, which was soon after the publication of his first work, I knew but +little of his mind, and lost sight of him altogether till about 1840. Then +circumstances connected with my own line of study led me to call on him in +Doughty's Hospital, Norwich, an asylum for aged persons. I found him +surrounded by astronomical apparatus, books, the tools of his former trade, +and all kinds of strange litters. In the conversation that ensued, I +learned much of the workings of his mind; though his high self-appreciation +could not descend to unreserved converse with a woman. My object was, to +ascertain by what steps he had arrived at his theory of the earth's motion, +but I could gain nothing distinct. He mentioned the _Asiatic Researches_ as +containing vast information on his peculiar subject; quoted Latin, and I +think Greek, authors; and seemed to place great dependence on Maurice and +Bryant; but, above all, on Capt. Wilford's _Essays_. He showed me some +elaborate calculations, at which he was then working and still fancied +himself qualified, perhaps destined, to head a great revolution in the +astronomical world. I cannot say how far his knowledge of geology went, as +I am not well acquainted with that science. He had evidently read and +studied deeply, but alone; his own intellect had never been brushed by the +intellects and superior information of truly scientific men, and it +appeared to me that a vast deal of dirt, real dirt, had accumulated in his +mind. My visit disappointed and pained me, but he seemed gratified, and I +therefore promised to call again, which I did, but he was not at home. I +think this visit was soon after he had removed into the hospital, for I +then purchased his last work, _The Age of Mental Emancipation_, published +1836, before he obtained that asylum. He died before 1849, but I do not +know the exact year. + +In any next visit to Norwich, I will make inquiries on all points relating +to Mackey, of the very few persons now left who took interest in him, and I +think I can find the printer of his last pamphlet. + +I have not the work mentioned in "N. & Q.;" but, besides his last work, I +have _The Mythological Astronomy of the Ancients demonstrated_, which is +partly in poetry. + +I have been obliged to write this Note in the first person, as I can give +only my own impressions respecting Mackey; and I wish that ere this you may +have received clearer information from more competent persons. If your +Querist have the _least grain_ of faith in the theory of Mackey, I hope he +will not let the subject drop, for I have long been deeply interested in +it. + +F. C. B. + +Diss. + +Mackey, of whom your correspondent inquires, was an entirely self-educated +man, but a learned shoemaker, residing in Norwich. He devoted all his +leisure time to astronomical, geological, and {567} philological pursuits; +and had some share in the formation of a society in his native town, for +the purpose of debating questions relative to these sciences. I have +understood that he was for some time noticed by a small portion of the +scientific world, but afterwards neglected, as, from his own account, he +appears also to have been by his literary fellow townsmen; and at last to +have died in a Norwich alms-house. This is but a meagre account of the man, +but it is possible that I may be able to glean farther particulars on the +subject; for a medical friend of mine, who some time ago lent me +_Mythological Astronomy_, promised to let me see some papers in his +possession relative to this learned shoemaker's career, and to a few of his +unpublished speculations. When I have an opportunity of seeing these, I +shall be glad to communicate to your correspondent through "N. & Q." +anything of interest. The title-page of _Mythological Astronomy_ runs thus: + + "The Mythological Astronomy of the Ancients demonstrated by restoring + to their Fables and Symbols their Original Meanings. By Sampson Arnold + Mackey, Shoemaker. Norwich: printed by R. Walker, near the Duke's + Palace. Published May 1, 1822, by S. A. Mackey, Norwich." + +The book contains a variety of subjects, but principally treats of the +Hindoo, Greek, and Roman mythology; and endeavours to deduce all the fables +and symbols of the ancients from the starry sphere. It also contains a +singular hypothesis of the author's upon the celebrated island of Atlantis, +mentioned by Plato and other Greek authors; and some very curious +speculations concerning the doctrine of the change in the angle which the +plane of the ecliptic makes with the plane of the equator. + +Urania's _Key to the Revelations_ is bound up with the above work. I forgot +to say that his _Ancient Mythology demonstrated_ is written in verse, and +afterwards more fully explained by notes. His poetical abilities, however, +neither suit the subject, nor are of a very high order. His prose is +better, but here and there shows the deficiency of education. + +E. M. R. + +Grantham. + + * * * * * + +SINCERE, SIMPLE, SINGULAR. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328. 399.) + +When a hive of bees is taken, the practice is to lay the combs upon a sieve +over some vessel, in only that the honey may drain out of the combs. Whilst +the combs are in the hive, they hang perpendicularly, and each cell is +horizontal; and in this position the honey in the cells which are in the +course of being filled does not run out; but when the combs are laid on the +sieve horizontally, the cells on the lower side of the combs hang +perpendicularly, and then the honey begins to run out of those that are not +sealed up. The honey that so runs out is perfectly pure, and free from wax. +The cells, however, that are sealed up with wax still retain their honey; +and the ordinary process to extract it is to place the sieve with the combs +upon it so near a fire as gradually to melt the wax, so as to let the honey +escape. During this process, some portion of wax unavoidably gets mixed +with the honey. Here then we have two kinds of honey: one in a perfectly +pure state, and wholly _sine cerâ_; the other in some degree impure, and +mixed _cum cerâ_. Can anything be more reasonable than to suppose that the +former was called _sincerum mel_, just as we call it virgin honey? And this +accords with Ainsworth's derivation, "ex sine et cerâ: ut mel purum dicitur +quod cerâ non est permixtum." If it be said that there is nothing to show +that the old Romans adopted the process I have described, I reply it is +immaterial what process they followed in order to extract what would not +flow out of itself; as whatever did flow out of itself would be _mel sine +cerâ_. + +If such were the origin of the term, it is easy to see how appropriately, +in a secondary sense, it would denote whatever was pure, sweet, +unadulterated, and ingenuous. + +Now if we apply this sense to the line: + + "Sincerum est nisi vas quodcunque infundis acescit,"-- + +it will mean, "unless the vessel be sweet and pure, it will turn whatever +you pour into it sour." + +This is the interpretation that has always hitherto been put upon the line; +which is thus translated by Tommaso Gargallo, vol. iii. p. 19. edit. 1820: + + "Se non è puro il vase, ecco già guasto + Che che v' infondi." + +And by Francis (vol. iv. p. 27., 6th edit.):-- + + "For tainted vessels sour what they contain." + +The context shows that this is the correct translation, as _sincerum vas_ +is obviously in opposition to "auriculas _collectâ sorde_ dolentes," in the +preceding line. + +The line itself plainly refers to the well-known fact, that if wine or +other liquor be poured into a foul vessel, it will be polluted by it. Nor +can I avoid noticing the elegant opposition, according to this +construction, between the sweetness in _sincerum_, and the acidity in +_acescit_. + +I also think that MR. INGLESBY'S version cannot be correct for the +following reason. Cracks may exist in every part of a vessel alike; and as +the part filled by the liquor is always many times greater than the +remainder of the vessel, cracks would more frequently occur in the former; +and, as where air can get in the liquor can get out, it {568} is plain that +in the majority of instances the liquor would run away instead of turning +sour. Now the line plainly contains a _general_ affirmative proposition +that all liquor whatsoever will be turned sour, unless the vessel be +_sincerum_; and therefore that version cannot be right which applies only +to a few instances. + +"Sincerum cupimus vas incrustare" is well rendered by Gargallo (vol. ii. p. +37.): + + " . . . . Insudiciar bramiamo + Anco il vase più puro;" + +and by Francis (vol. iii. p. 39.): + + "And joy th' untainted vessel to begrime." + +The passage is well explained in the note to Baxter's _Hor._ (p. 310. edit. +1809): + + "Incrustari vas dicitur cum aliquo vitioso succo illinitur atque + inquinatur." + +And the passage in the 18th satire of Lucilius shows that this is an +accurate explanation: + + " . . . . . Regionibus illis + Incrustatu' calix rutâ caulive bibetur." + +A practice, I rather think, prevails in some parts of England of rubbing +the inside of a vessel with sweet herbs, in order to flavour cyder or other +liquor. + +It appears from the same note: + + "Fracta vasa et gypsare et pelliculare Veteres consuevêre. Gypsantur et + pelliculantur vasa plena ad aëra et sordes excludendas. Sincerum + proprie mel sine cerâ, vel, quod magis huc pertinet, vas non ceratum: + nam a ceraturâ odorem vel saporem trahit." + +If these passages show the practice of sealing vessels with wax, they also +show that the wax was what affected the flavour of the liquor. + +MR. JEFFCOCK plainly errs in saying that _simplex_ "does not mean without a +fold, but once folded." In Latin we have the series _simplex_, _duplex_, +_triplex_, &c., corresponding precisely to the English _single_, _double_, +_treble_, &c. And as _single_ denotes a thing without a fold, so does +_simplex_. MR. JEFFCOCK'S derivation would make _simplex_ and _duplex_ mean +the same thing. Now _duplex_ does not mean twice folded, but double. + +Nor can I think that _singulus_ can be "semel and termination." Ainsworth +derives it from the Hebrew [Hebrew: SGLH], which denotes whatever is +peculiar or singular. It occurs to me to suggest whether it may not be +derived from _sine angulis_. The term denotes unity--one person, one thing. +Now the Roman mark for one is a straight line, and that is "that which lies +evenly between its extreme points;" it is emphatically a line without bend, +angle, or turning--"linea sine angulis:" _angulus_, like its Greek +original, denoting any bend, whether made by a straight or curved line. + +Though I cannot at this moment refer to any other Latin words compounded of +_sine_, we have in Spanish _simpar_, without equal: _sinigual_, +_sinjusticia_, _sinrazon_, _sinnumero_, _sinsabor_. + +The delight I take in endeavouring to attain the correct meaning of the +classics will, I hope, form some apology for the length of this Note. + +S. G. C. + +Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + + * * * * * + +POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS. + +(Vol. viii., p. 242.) + +In an old collection of tavern signs of the last century, among many others +I find the following. On the sign of the "Arrow," at Knockholt, in Kent,-- + + "Charles Collins liveth here, + Sells rum, brandy, gin, and beer; + I made this board a little wider, + To let you know I sell good cyder." + +On the sign of the "Shoulder of Mutton and Cat," at Hackney, in +Middlesex,-- + + "Pray Puss don't tear, + For the mutton is so dear; + Pray Puss don't claw, + For the mutton yet is raw." + +On the sign of the "Gate," at Blean Hill, in Kent,-- + + "Stop, brave boys, and _squench_ your thirst, + If you won't drink, the horses must." + +On the sign of the "Ship in Distress," in Middle Street, Brighton, +Sussex,-- + + "With sorrows I am compass'd round; + Pray lend a hand, my ship's aground." + +On the sign of the "Waggon and Horses," in Black Lion Street, +Brighthelmstone,-- + + "Long have I travers'd both far and near, + On purpose to find out good beer, + And at last I found it here." + +RUBY. + +At a small way-side beer-shop in the parish of Werrington in the county of +Devon, a few years since there was the following sign: + + "The Lengdon Inn, kept by M. Vuller. + Gentlemen walk in and sit at your aise, + Pay for what you call for, and call for what you plaise; + As tristing of late has been to my sorrow, + Pay me to-day and I'll tristee to-morrow." + +J. D. + +Launceston. + +Not far from Kilpeck, Herefordshire, I have seen a wayside public-house, +exhibiting the sign of the "Oak," under which is the following couplet: + + "I am an oak, and not a yew, + So drink a cup with good John Pugh." + +{569} As "good John Pugh" sold excellent cider, I did not repent complying +with the injunction. + +W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +Temple. + +This is at a roadside public-house near Maidenhead, known by the sign of +the "Gate." It is thus: + + "This gate hangs high, + It hinders none; + Drink hearty, boys, + And travel on." + +I remember a sign near Marlborough of the "Red Cow," and the landlord, +being also a milkman, had inscribed under the rude drawing of a cow these +lines: + + "The Red Cow + Gives good milk now." + +NEWBURIENSIS. + + * * * * * + +HOMO UNIUS LIBRI. + +(Vol. viii., p. 440.) + +I have not verified in the works of St. Thomas this saying ascribed to him, +but I subjoin a passage from Bishop Taylor, where it is quoted: + + "A river cut into many rivulets divides also its strength, and grows + contemptible and apt to be forded by a lamb and drunk up by a summer + sun; so is the spirit of man busied in variety, and divided in itself; + it abates its fervour, cools into indifferency, and becomes trifling by + its dispersion and inadvertency. Aquinas was once asked, with what + compendium a man might best become learned? He answered, _By reading of + one book_; meaning that an understanding entertained with several + objects is intent upon neither, and profits not." --_Life of Christ_, + part ii. s. xii. 16. + +He also quotes Ecclus (xi. 10.), St. Gregory, St. Bernard, Seneca, +Quintillian, and Juvenal to the same purpose. + +Southey quotes part of this passage from Bishop Taylor (in the _Doctor_) +and adds: + + "Lord Holland's poet, the prolific Lope de Vega, tells us to the same + purport. The _Homo Unius Libri_ is indeed proverbially formidable to + all conversational figurantes: like your sharpshooter, he knows his + piece, and is sure of his shot." + +The truth of this dictum of St. Thomas cannot be too much insisted on in +this age of many books, which affords such incentives to literary +dissipation and consequent shallowness. + + "An intellectual man, as the world now conceives of him, is one who is + full of 'views,' on all subjects of philosophy, on all matters of the + day. It is almost thought a disgrace not to have a view at a moment's + notice on any question from the Personal Advent to the Cholera or + Mesmerism. This is owing in a great measure to the necessities of + periodical literature, now so much in request. Every quarter of a year, + every month every day, there must be a supply for the gratification of + the public, of new and luminous theories on the subjects of religion, + foreign politics, home politics, civil economy, finance, trade, + agriculture, emigration, and the colonies. Slavery, the gold fields, + German philosophy, the French empire, Wellington, Peel, Ireland, must + all be practised on, day after day, by what are called original + thinkers."--_Dr. Newman's Disc. on Univ. Educ._, p. xxv. (preface). + +This writer follows up the subject very ably, and his remarks on that +spurious philosophism which shows itself in what, for want of a better +word, he calls "viewiness," are worth the attention of all _homines unius +libri_. + +P.S.--As I think of it, I shall make a cognate Query. Some facetious +opponent of the schoolmen fathered on St. Thomas Aquinas an imaginary work +in sundry folio volumes entitled _De Omnibus Rebus_, adding an equally +bulky and imaginary supplement--_Et Quibusdam Aliis_. This is as often used +to feather a piece of unfledged wit, as the speculation concerning the +number of angels that could dance on the point of a needle, and yet I have +never been able to trace out the inventor of these visionary tomes. + +EIRIONNACH. + + * * * * * + +THE FORLORN HOPE. + +(Vol. viii., p. 411.) + +My attention was directed to the consideration of this expression some +years ago when reading in John Dymmoks' _Treatise of Ireland_, written +about the year 1600, and published among the _Tracts relating to Ireland, +printed for the Irish Archæological Society_, vol. ii., the following +paragraph: + + "Before the vant-guard marched the _forelorn hope_, consisting of forty + shott and twenty shorte weapons, with order that they should not + discharge untill they presented theire pieces to the rebells' breasts + in their trenches, and that sooddenly the short weapons should enter + the trenches pell mell: vpon eyther syde of the vant-guarde (which was + observed in the batle and reare-guarde) marched wings of shott + enterlyned with pikes, to which were sent secondes with as much care + and diligence as occasion required. The baggage, and a parte of the + horse, marched before the battell; the rest of the horse troopes fell + in before the _rearewarde_ except thirty, which, in the head of the + _rearelorne hope_, conducted by Sir Hen. Danvers, made the retreit of + the whole army."--P.32. + +The terms _rearelorne hope_ and _forlorne hope_ occur constantly in the +same work, and bear the same signification as in the foregoing. + +Remarking upon this circumstance to my friend the late Dr. Graves, he wrote +the following notice of the word in the _Dublin Quarterly Journal of +Medical Science_, of which I was then the editor, in Feb. 1849: + + "Military and civil writers of the present day seem quite ignorant of + the true meaning of the words {570} _forlorn hope_. The adjective has + nothing to do with despair, nor the substantive with the 'charmer which + lingers still behind;' there was no such poetical depth in the words as + originally used. Every corps marching in any enemy's country had a + small body of men at the head (_haupt_ or _hope_) of the advanced + guard; and which was termed the _forlorne hope_ (_lorn_ being here but + a termination similar to _ward_ in _forward_), while another small body + at the head of the rere guard was called the _rear-lorn hope_ (xx.). A + reference to Johnson's _Dictionary_ proves that civilians were misled + as early as the time of Dryden by the mere sound of a technical + military phrase; and, in process of time, even military men forgot the + true meaning of the words. It grieves me to sap the foundations of an + error to which we are indebted for Byron's beautiful line: + + 'The full of hope, misnamed _forlorn_.'" + +W. R. WILDE. + +Dublin. + + * * * * * + +TIECK'S "COMOEDIA DIVINA." + +(Vol. viii., p. 126.) + +The title-page of this work is: _Comoedia Divina, mit drei Vorreden von +Peter Hammer, Jean Paul, und dem Herausgeber_, 1808. The absence of +publisher's name and place of publication leaves little doubt that the name +W. G. H. Gotthardt, and the date "Basel, Mai 1, 1808," are both fictitious. + +But for finding the passage cited by M. M. E. at p. 38., I should have +supposed that the Munich critic had referred to some other book with the +same title. No one who has read this can suppose it was written by Tieck. +The Catholic-romantic school, of which he was the most distinguished +member, furnishes the chief objects of the author's ridicule. Novalis, +Görres, and F. Schlegel are the most prominent; but at p. 128. is an absurd +sonnet "an Tieck." + +The _Comoedia Divina_ is a very clever and somewhat profane satire, such as +Voltaire might have written had he been a German of the nineteenth century. +It opens with Jupiter complaining to Mercury of ennui (_eine langweilige +Existenz_), and that he is not what he was when young. Mercury advises a +trip to Leipzig fair, where he may get good medical advice for his gout, +and certainly will see something new. They go, and hear various dealers +sing the catalogues of their goods. The lines quoted by M. M. E. are sung +by a young man with a puppet-show and barrel-organ to the burden: + + "Orgelum Orgelei, + Dudeldum Dudeldei." + +He exhibits things taken from the physics of Oken, the metaphysics of +Schelling, and the æsthetics of Görres. The whole of the song is good; and +I quote one stanza as showing a sound appreciation of the current +metaphysicians: + + "Die Intelligenz construirt sich in der Zeit + Als Object, und erkennt sich, und das ist gescheidt, + Denn aus diesen und andern Constructuren + Entstehen Lehrbücher und Professuren." + +They visit the garret of Herr Novalis Octavianus Hornwunder, a maker of +books to order upon every subject: they learn the mysteries of the +manufacture. The scene is clever, but much of the wit is unappreciable as +directed against productions which have not survived. Jupiter, in +compassion to Hornwunder, changes him to a goose, immediately after which a +bookseller enters, and, mistaking the gods for authors, makes them an offer +of six dollars and twelve groschen the octavo volume, besides something for +the kitchen. Jupiter, enraged, changes him to a fox, which forthwith eats +the goose "feathers and all." + +They then go to see the play of the Fall of Man (_Der Sündenfall_). The +subject is treated after the manner of Hans Sachs, but with this +difference, that the simple-minded old Nuremberger saw nothing incongruous +in making Cain and Abel say their catechism, and Cain go away from the +examination to fight with the low boys in the street; whereas the author of +_Der Sündenfall_ is advisedly irreverent. Another proof, if one were +wanted, that he was not Tieck. + +_Die Ungöttliche Comödie_ is not by Batornicki, but translated by him from +the Polish. In the preface he apologises for inelegant German, as that is +not his native language; and I presume he is a Pole, as he says the +author's name is known among us (_unter uns_). As he calls it a poem +(_Dichtung_) the original is probably in verse. I think the Munich critic +could have seen only some extracts from the _Comoedia Divina_; for, so far +from Batornicki "plundering freely," I do not find any resemblance between +the works except in the sole word _comoedia_. The _Comoedia Divina_ is a +mockery, not political, but literary, and as such anti-mystic and +conservative. _Die Ungöttliche Comödie_ is wild, mystical, supernatural, +republican, and communistic. It contains passages of great power, +eloquence, and pathos. German critics are often prosy and inefficient, but +not given to wilful misrepresentation or carelessness in examining the +books they review. The writer in the Munich journal must be held an +exception. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + + * * * * * + +{571} + +LIVERIES WORN BY GENTLEMEN. + +(Vol. vi., p. 146.; Vol. viii., p. 473.) + +The prevalence of the custom of the liveries of noble and other persons +being worn by others than the retainers of the family, in the reigns of +Henry VI. and Elizabeth, is exemplified by two documents preserved amongst +the MSS. of the corporation of this borough. The first, which is also +curious as a specimen of the language of the period, is an award under the +seal of Margaret of Anjou; under whom, as they had previously done under +Katherine, queen of Henry V., the corporation farmed the bailiwick of the +town: + + "Margaret, by the grace of God, Quene of England and of Ffraunce and + Lady of Irland, Doughter of the Kyng of Sicile and Jer[=l][=m]. Be it + knawen to all men to whom this p'sent writyng (endented) shall come, + that whereas a certeyn Co[=m]ission of my fuldoutfull Lord was directed + to c'teyn [p=]sones to enquere as well of yevyng of lyu'e, as of other + diu's articles ... before the Co[=m]issioners of the seyd Co[=m]ission + it was p'sented by William Neuby and other of our te[=n][=n]tz of + Leycestre ... that c'teyn [p=]sones, in Leycestre, had taken clothyng + of diu'rez p'sones, ayenst the forme of the statut; that ys to wete, + that some of hem had taken clothyng of the Viscount Beaumont, and some + of S^r Edward Grey, Lord Fferrers of Growby, and some of hem had taken + clothyng of other diu'res [p=]sones, by cause of which p'sentement + diu'res [p=]sones, some of the houshold of the seyd Lord Fferrers, and + some of the clothing of the said Lord, with other wele wilners to the + said Lord, as yet not to us knawen, by supportacon and favour, and for + pleasance to the said Lord, as we ben enfo'med ... betyn and sore + woundetyn the said William Neuby, and manesten to bete other of our + te[=n][=n]tz of Leycestre." ... She doth therefore "ordeyn, deme, and + awarde" that the said Lord Ferrers pay c. marks to William Neuby, that + he "be goode lorde to the said William Neuby; and to all other + te[=n][=n]tz in our lordship of Leycestre; and that the said lord shall + not geve any clothyng or liue'y to any [p=]sone dwellyng within our + said lordship," &c.... "Yeven the xx day of May, the yere of the reign + of my most douted Lord Kyng Henr' the Sext, xxvii." + +The above extracts show one of the evils to which the practice led; +another, mentioned in the deed, was that of deerstealing. William Newby was +mayor of the town in 1425, 1433, and 1444-5. + +The second document is a curious letter from the mayor and some members of +the corporation to George Earl of Huntington, lord-lieutenant of the +county, and a frequent resident in the town, where a part of his mansion, +called "Lord's Place," and in which James I. was entertained, still exists. +The draft of this letter forms part of an interesting series of +correspondence between the corporation and the earl, respecting the +nomination of the parliamentary representatives of the town in 1601. + +The earl recommended that Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Herrick and Mr. +Bromley should be chosen, and in strong language warned them against +electing Mr. George Belgrave of Belgrave (who had greatly offended him), as +he hears "that Belgrave still contineweth his great practising in labouring +to be chosen;" and he adds, "Goode Mr. Mayor, be carefull of this, as you +and the rest will looke to make accompt of me." + +It appears that many members of the corporation were secretly favourable to +Mr. Belgrave, and he was elected, as explained in the following letter: + + "Right Ho^e, oure humble dewties remeberd, &c., may yt please yo^r good + Lpp. to be c'tified, that upon Tuesday morninge laste, being assembled + for the choice of o^r Burgesses, Mr. George Belgrave p'sented himselfe + amongest us, in a blewe coat w^{th} a bull head, affirminge and + protestinge he was yo^r L[=p]'s s'[=v]t, and that S^r Henrie + Harrington, verye late the night before, had obteyned that favour of + yo^r ho^r in his behalfe; and muche bemoned his former undewtifull + cariage towards yo^r L[=p], w^{th} a remorsive remembrance of many most + ho. favours receaved from yo^r L[=p] and yo^r house, towards his + auncestors, him, and his; and, recommendinge his former suite to be one + of oure Burgesses, being demanded whether he had any letter from yo^r + L[=p], answered, that this (poyntinge at his coat and cognizance) he + hoped was a sufficient testimonie of y^r L[=p]'s favour towards him, + and of his submission towards yo^r ho^r; and further, that it was so + late before S^r Henrie cold [p=]cure yo^r L[=p]'s said favour, as that + you cold not well write, and, for the truth of the [p=]mises, he + offered his corporal oathe. Whereupon we, thinkinge all this to be + true, made choyce of him, w^{th} Mr. Will[=m] Herricke, to be o^r + Burgesses. And now, this evening, wee are credibly certified that y^r + L[=p] hath geven him no suche entertaynem^t; and thus by his said lewde + and most dishonest dealinge, being much abused, we thought it o^r + dewties forthew^{th} to signifie the same unto yo^r L[=p], humbly + cravinge yo^r L[=p]'s most ho^rable favor for some reformacon of this + vile practize. And thus, w^{th} remembrance of oure dewties, wee humbly + take o^r leaves. From Leic^r, this xx^{th} day of October, 1601. + + "Youre honor's most humble to co[=m]aunde, + Signed by "Will[=m] ROWES, Maior, + ROBERT HEYRICKE," + And ten others. + +An angry and characteristic reply from the earl follows, but with which, as +it is printed in Thompson's _History of Leicester_ (p. 318.), I will not +trespass upon your valuable space. It may be sufficient to say, that he +tells the mayor that-- + + "Notwithstanding this treacherous devise of that cunninge practisore, I + feare it will appeare, upon due scanninge of this accydent, y^t there + remaynes a false brother amongst you.... And as for y^e p'sone hymself + whoe hathe thus shameleslye sought to dishonoure me and deceave you, I + will, by the grace of God, take suche order as in honor and lawfullye I + maye, bothe {572} for y^e better unfouldinge of this, as also for suche + punnyshm^t as the law will inflict." + +In pursuance of this determination, the earl exhibited an information +against Mr. Belgrave in the Star Chamber. The subsequent proceedings which +took place on the subject in parliament will be found noticed in D'Ewes's +_Journal_, and quoted in Thompson's _History of Leicester_, pp. 319-323. + +WILLIAM KELLY. + +Leicester. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Queries on Dr. Diamond's Calotype Process._--Would you kindly ask DR. +DIAMOND, to whom I should imagine all of us are more or less indebted, the +following questions respecting the very valuable paper on the calotype in +the last _Photographic Journal_? + +1. As to the white spots which make their appearance in developing, on +Turner's paper especially, and which he says are owing to minute pieces of +metal in the paper, what is the best way of hiding them in the negative, so +that they may as little as possible injure the positive? I have suffered +sadly from this cause; and have tried to stop them with ammonio-nitrate, +which turns after a time to red, and stops the light effectually; but I +should prefer some black colouring the strength of which one could measure +by seeing its immediate effect. + +2. And again, when one has black spots, what is the best means of lessening +their intensity, if not of wholly removing them? + +[Greek: Phôtographos.] + + [Where light spots occur in a negative, DR. DIAMOND recommends, as the + most effectual mode of stopping them, a little gamboge neatly applied + with a camel-hair pencil. Where a great intensity is desired, Indian + ink may be applied in the same manner, taking care in both cases to + smooth off the edges with a dry brush. The cyanide of potassium applied + in the same way, but _with very great care_, will remove the black + spots. Before it appears to have quite accomplished its object, a + negative should be immersed in water, as its action is so energetic.] + +_Albumenized Paper._--I have followed DR. DIAMOND'S directions for +albumenizing paper (thin Canson negative) as accurately as I can, but I +cannot prevent the albumen in drying, when pinned up, from forming into +waves or streaks. This will be best understood from a specimen of a sheet +which I inclose, and I shall be much obliged if you can tell me how this +can be avoided. Some albumenized paper which I have purchased is quite free +from this defect, but being at a distance from London, it is both +convenient and economical to prepare my own paper. + +C. E. F. + + [We would recommend our correspondent to remove his paper from the + albumen still more slowly; and to take care not to draw it along, but + so to lift it that the last corner is not moved until it is raised from + the albumen. In pinning up be careful that the paper takes the inward + curl, otherwise the appearances exhibited will be almost sure to take + place. As the albumenizing liquid is of very trifling cost, we + recommend the use of two dishes, as by that means a great economy of + time is obtained.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Marcarnes_ (Vol. viii., p. 365.).--Can this curiously sounding name be an +archaic form of Mackarness, a name, I think, still borne by living persons? + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +_X on Brewers' Casks_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).--Your correspondent B. H. C., +though ingenious, is in error. The X on brewers' casks originated in the +fact, that beer above a certain strength paid 10_s_. duty; and the X became +a mark to denote beer of that better quality. The doubling and tripling of +the X are nothing but inventions of the brewers to humbug the public. + +[Hebrew: B]. [Hebrew: D]. + +_No Sparrows at Lindham_ (Vol. vii., p. 233.).--Amongst the various +responses in connexion with the Queries given on the page above noted, +communicated direct, the only one which I have thought worthy of insertion +in my MSS. is as follows: + + "As for there being no sparrows at Lindham, it may be accounted for in + the following legend:--A few years ago I was in that district when I + heard some account of a person called 'Tom of Lindham;' who, by the + way, was a curious personage, and performed some very extraordinary and + out-of-the-way feats. At one time he was left at home to protect the + corn from the _sparrows_; when, _to save trouble_, he got all of them + into the barn, and put a _harrow_ into the window to keep them in; and + so _starved_ (_i. e._ hungered) them to death." + +Furthermore Mr. Whittaker kindly communicated of the above Yorkshire +worthy: + + "At the close of Tom's life he took it into his head to make a road + across a part of Hatfield Chase to his own dwelling; when, according to + the legend, he employed supernatural aid: with this clause in the + contract, that he, Tom, should not inquire any particulars as to the + character of his assistants or helpmates. One day, however, being more + curious than prudent, he looked behind him; his workmen immediately + disappeared, and Tom of Lindham was no more heard of. His road still + remains in the state he left it." + +M. AISLABIE DENHAM. + +Piersebridge, near Darlington, Durham. + +_Theobald le Botiller_ (Vol. viii., p. 366.).--Theobald le Botiller was an +infant at his father's death, 1206. He had livery in 1222; and in 9 Hen. +III., {573} 1225, married Rohesia or Rose de Verdun, not _Vernon_. She was +so great an heiress that she retained her own name, and her posterity also +bore it. She founded the Abbey of Grâce Dieu, Leicestershire, in 1239; and +died 1247-8. Her husband died in 1230, leaving two sons: John de Verdun, +who inherited, and Nicholas, who died in Ireland without issue; and one +daughter Maud, who married John FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel. + +WALTER DEVEREUX. + +Hampton Court Palace. + +_Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire_ (Vol. viii., p. 388.).--Touching the +"vault," or underground passage, "that goeth under the river" of Swale, +from the Castle of Richmond to the priory of St. Martin, every tradition, +_i. e._ as to its whereabouts, is, I believe, now wholly lost. + +Your Querist, however, who seems to feel an interest in that beautiful and +romantic portion of the _north countrie_, will perhaps welcome the +following mythe, which is connected, it is possible, with the identical +_vault_ which is depictured by Speed in his _Plan of Richmond_. It was +taken down from the lips of a great-grand-dame by one of her descendants, +_both of whom are still living_, for the gratification of your present +correspondent, who, like Luther, + + "Would not for any quantity of gold part with the wonderful tales which + he has retained from his earliest childhood, or met with in his + progress through life." + +But to my legend: + +Once upon a time a man, walking round Richmond Castle, was accosted by +another, who took him into a _vennel_, or underground passage, below the +castle; where he beheld a vast multitude of people lying as if they were +sleeping. A _horn_ and a _sword_ were presented to him: the horn to blow, +and the sword to draw; in order, as said his guide, to release them from +their slumbers. And when he had drawn the sword half out, the sleepers +began to move; which frightened him so much, that he put it back into the +sheath: when instantly a voice exclaimed, + + "Potter! _Potter Thompson!_ + If thou had either drawn + The _sword_, or blown the _horn_, + Thou had been the luckiest man that ever was born." + +So ends the Legend of the Richmond Sleepers and Potter Thompson; which, +mayhap, is scarcely worth preserving, were it not that it has preserved and +handed down the characteristic, or rather trade, cognomen and surname of +its timorous at least, if not cowardly, hero. + +M. AISLABIE DENHAM. + +Piersebridge, near Darlington, Durham. + +_Lord Audley's Attendants at Poictiers_ (Vol. viii., p. 494.).--A notice of +the arguments in opposition to the statement, rested mainly on the grant of +arms by John Touchet, Lord Audley, to the descendant of Sir James de +Mackworth, in consideration of his having been one of these esquires, +occurs in Blore's _Rutland_, p. 130. and p. 224. And it appears to be +satisfactorily shown by the grant itself, that it was not made on account +of the services of Sir James. + +J. P. Jun. + +_Portraits at Brickwall House_ (Vol. vii., p. 406.).--Immerzeel says, in +his _Levens der Kunstschilders_ (_Lives of the Painters_), vol. iii. pp. +238, 239.: + + "Thomas van der Wilt, born at Piershil in the district of Putten, was a + disciple of Verkolje at Delft, where he also settled. He painted + portraits, domestic scenes, &c., which were not free from stiffness. He + also engraved in mezzotinto after Brouwer, Schalken, and others. His + drawings were engraved by his son William, who died young." + +He was living in 1701, and was probably grandson of a person of the same +name who resided in 1622 at Soetermeer near Leyden, for in the register of +the villages of Rhynland are found: + + "Jan Thomas van der Wilt and Maritgen Pietersdr, his wife, with Thomas, + Maritgen, Pieter, Cornelis, Grietge, Jannetge, and Ingethen, their + children." + +The portrait painted by Terburgh probably represents Andries de Graeff, +who, in 1672, is called by Wagenaar, in his _Vaderlandsche Hist._ of that +year (p. 82.), late burgomaster of Amsterdam. It is then necessary to +ascertain whether this late burgomaster died in 1674. The family de Graeff +also resided at Delft, where several of its members became magistrates. + +ELSEVIR. + +The portrait of the old gentleman is, in my opinion, doubtless that of +Andries de Graeff, who was elected burgomaster of Amsterdam in 1660, and +filled the office several times afterwards, although after the year 1670 +his name no more appears on the list of burgomasters, which can very well +agree with the date of death (1674) on the portrait.--From the +_Navorscher_. + +A. J. VAN DER AA. + +Gorinchem. + +_The Words "Mob" and "Cash"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524.).--CLERICUS +RUSTICUS will find the origin and first introduction of the word _mob_ +fully stated in Trench's _Lectures on the Study of Words_ (p. 124. fourth +ed.). In addition to the quotations there made, CLERICUS RUSTICUS may refer +to Dryden's preface to _Cleomenes_ (1692), to the 230th number of _The +Tatler_, written by Swift (an. 1710), and to the Dean's _Introduction to +Polite Conversation_. + +_Cash._--What Lord Holland may have meant by a legitimate English word it +is hard to say. Dr. Johnson derives it from the Fr. _caisse_ (or _casse_), +which Cotgrave interprets "a box, a _case_, {574} or chest; also, a +merchant's _cash_ or counter." Todd confirms the correctness of Johnson's +etymology by a usage in Winwood's _Memorials_; where the Countess of +Shrewsbury is said to have 20,000l. in her _cash_. And Richardson farther +confirms it by a quotation from Sir W. Temple; and one from Sherwood, who +explains _cashier_, "Qui garde le _casse_ de l'argent de merchand;" and a +merchant's _cash_, "_casse_ de merchand." + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_English Clergyman in Spain_ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--The clergyman was +perhaps attached to the army of England in Spain, in the capacity of +chaplain. I recommend a search for the record of his licence, which will +very probably recite his appointment; and this record is most likely to be +found with the proper officer of the diocese of London, in Doctors' +Commons. I have seen one extraordinary discovery of information of the kind +now sought by D. Y., in this quarter; and D. Y. will probably be so kind as +to note his success in "N. & Q.," if he obtains his information here or +elsewhere. + +E. + +_The Cid_ (Vol. viii., p. 367.).--I find in the catalogue of my library, +the greatest part of which was destroyed by fire in 1849, amongst other +books relating to _The Cid_, the following: + + "Romancero, e Historia del muy valeroso Cavallero el Cid Ruy Diaz de + Bivar, en lenguaje antiguo, recopilado por Juan de Escobar. En esta + ultima impression van añadidos muchos romances, que hasta aora no han + sido impressos, ni divulgados, 12mo. con licençia. En Pamplona, por + Martin de Zavala, año 1706." + + "Romancero e Historia del mui valeroso Cabellero el Cid Rui-diaz de + Vibar, en lenguage antiguo, recopilado por Juan de Escobar, neuva + edicion, reformada sobre las antiguas, añadida e illustrada con varias + notas y composiciones del mismo tiempo y asunto para su mas facil + intelligencia, y adornada con un epitome de la Historia verdadera del + Cid. Por D. Vicente Gonçales del Reguero. 12mo. con licencia, Madrid, + Imprenta de Cano, 1818." + +In Thorpe's _Catalogue_, 1841, No. 1355, is an edition, 12mo., Segovia, +1629. + +JOHN ADAMSON. + +_Exterior Stoups_ (Vol. v., p. 560.; Vol. vi., pp. 18. 86. 160. 345. 497. +591., &c.).--Having introduced this subject to "N. & Q.," you will perhaps +allow me to return to it, by adding to the list of churches where exterior +stoups may be seen, the names of Leigh and Shrawley, Worcestershire. A +recent visit to these places made me aware of the existence of the stoups. +That at Leigh is in a shattered condition, and is on the south side of the +western doorway: it is now covered in by a porch of later date. That at +Shrawley is on the eastern side of the south door, and is hollowed out +within the top of a short column. Shrawley Church possesses many points of +interest for the antiquary: among which may be mentioned, a Norman window +pierced through one of the buttresses of the chancel. Among the noticeable +things at Leigh Church is a rude sculpture of the Saviour placed exteriorly +over the north door of the nave, in a recess, with semicircular heading and +Norman pillars. The rector is gradually restoring this fine church. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Green Jugs used by the Templars_ (Vol. viii., p. 171.)--In clearing out +the ground for the foundation of Raymond Buildings in Gray's Inn, about +thirty years since, two earthen green jugs were dug up, which are preserved +by the benchers as a memento of "the olden times." + +They will hold very little more than half a pint of liquor, are tall and of +good proportions, but so small at the top as almost to preclude their being +used to drink out of, and having a lip it is surmised that they held the +portion assigned to each student, who was also supplied with a drinking +horn. + +I have seen a jug of the same description in the possession of a gentleman +in Lincoln's Inn, which he informed me was brought to light in excavating +for the new hall. It is therefore probable that all the inns of court were +accustomed to provide jugs of the same description. + +F. WHITMARSH. + +_"Peccavi," I have Scinde_ (Vol. viii, p. 490.).--Your correspondent MR. G. +LLOYD, who says he does "not know on what authority" it is stated that "the +old and lamented warrior, Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the conquest of +Scinde, _Peccavi_!" is informed that the sole author of the despatch was +_Mr. Punch_. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +In a note touching these well-known words, MR. G. LLOYD says, "It is also +stated, I do not know on what authority, that the old and lamented warrior, +Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the conquest of Scinde, _Peccavi_!" The author +of _Democritus in London, with the Mad Pranks and Comical Conceits of +Motley and Robin Good-Fellow_, thus alludes to this saying in that work. I +presume he had good authority for so doing: + + _Sir P_. "What exclaim'd the gallant Napier, + Proudly flourishing his rapier! + To the army and the navy, + When he conquer'd Scinde? '_Peccavi!_'" + +A SUBSCRIBER. + +_Raffaelle's Sposalizio_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.; Vol. viii., p. 61.).--The +reason why the ring is placed on {575} the third finger of the right hand +of the Blessed Virgin in Raffaelle's "Sposalizio" at Milan, and in +Ghirlandais's frescoe of the same subject in the Santa Croce at Florence, +is to be found in the fact that the right hand has always been considered +the hand of power or dignity, and the left hand of inferiority or +subjection. A married woman always wears her ring on the third finger of +the left hand to signify her subjection to her husband. But it has been +customary among artists to represent the Blessed Virgin with the ring on +the right hand, to signify her superiority to St. Joseph from her +surpassing dignity of Mother of God. Still she is not always represented +so, for in Beato Angelico's painting of the marriage of Mary and Joseph she +receives the ring on her left hand. See woodcut in Mrs. Jameson's _Legends +of Madonna_, p. 170. In the Marriage of the Blessed Virgin by Vanloo, in +the Louvre, she also receives the ring on the left hand. Giotto, Taddeo +Gaddi, Perugino, &c., have painted the "Sposalizio," but I have not copies +by me to refer to. + +CEYREP. + +_Early Use of Tin._--_Derivation of the Name of Britain_ (Vol. viii., pp. +290. 344. 445.).--Your correspondent G. W. having been unable to inform DR. +HINCKS who first suggested the derivation of _Britannia_ from _Baratanac_ +or _Bratanac_, I have the pleasure to satisfy him on this point by +referring him to Bochart's _Geographia Sacra_, lib. I. c. xxxix. In that +great storehouse of historical information, the Memoirs of the Academy of +Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres, there are some profound researches by +Melot and others, in which may be found answers to all the Queries proposed +by G. W. + +The islands, rivers, mountains, cities, and remarkable places of Phoenician +colonies, had even in the time of the habitation of the Greeks and Romans +Phoenician names, which, according to the spirit of the ancient languages +of the East, indicated clearly the properties of the places which bore +those names. See instances in Bochart, _ubi supra_; Sammes's _Britannia +Antiqua Illustrata, or the Antiquities of Ancient Britain derived from the +Phoenicians_; and D'Hancarville's Preface to Hamilton's _Etruscan, &c. +Antiquities_. + +BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. + +_Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott_ (Vol. vii., pp. 498. 576.).--The +following extract is from the _Gentleman's Magazine_, March, 1824, p. 194.: + + "Mr. J. Lawrence of Somers Town observes: 'In the summer of the year + 1770 I was on a visit at Beaumont Hall on the coast of Essex, a few + miles distant from Harwich. It was then the residence of Mr. Canham.... + I was invited to ascend the attics in order to read some lines, + imprinted by a cowboy of precocious intellect. I found these in + handsome, neatly executed letters, printed and burnished with + leaf-gold, on the wall of his sleeping-room. They were really golden + verses, and may well be styled Pythagorean from their point, to wit: + + 'Earth goes upon the earth, glittering like gold; + Earth goes to the earth sooner than 'twould; + Earth built upon the earth castles and towers; + Earth said to the Earth, All shall be ours.' + + The curiosity of these lines so forcibly impressed them on my memory, + that time has not been able to efface a tittle of them. _But from what + source did the boy obtain them?_" + +Permit me to repeat this Query? + +J. R. M., M.A. + +_Derivation of the Word "Humbug"_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--Not being +satisfied with any of the derivations of this word hitherto proposed in +your pages, I beg to suggest that perhaps it may be traced to a famous +dancing master who flourished about the time when the word first came into +use. The following advertisement appeared in the _Dublin Freeman's Journal_ +in Jan. 1777: + + "_To the Nobility._ + + "As Monsieur Humbog does not intend for the future teaching abroad + after 4 o'clock, he, at the request of his scholars, has opened an + academy for young ladies of fashion to practise minuets and cotillions. + He had his first assembly on Friday last, and intends continuing them + every Friday during the winter. He does not admit any gentlemen, and + his number of ladies is limited to 32; and as Mrs. Humbog is very + conversant in the business of the Toilet Table, the ladies may depend + on being properly accommodated. Mr. Humbog having been solicited by + several gentlemen, he intends likewise to open an academy for them, and + begs that those who chuse to become subscribers will be so good as to + send him their addresses, that he may have the honour of waiting upon + them to inform them of his terms and days. Mr. Humbog has an afternoon + school three times a week for little ladies and gentlemen not exceeding + 14 years of age. Terms of his school are one guinea per month and one + guinea entrance. Any ladies who are desirous of knowing the terms of + his academy may be informed by appointing Mr. Humbog to wait upon them, + which he will do on the shortest notice. Capel St. 21 Jan. 1777." + +OMICRON. + +_Bees_ (Vol. viii., p. 440.).--In the midland counties the first migration +of the season is _a swarm_, the second _a cast_, and the third _a spindle_. + +ERICA. + +_Topsy Turvy_ (Vol. viii., p. 385.).--I have always understood this to be a +corruption of "Topside t'other way," and I still think so. + +WM. HAZEL. + +_Parish Clerks and Politics_ (Vol. viii., p. 56.).--In the excitement +prevalent at the trial of Queen Caroline, I remember a choir, in a village +not a hundred miles from Wallingford, Berks, singing {576} with great gusto +the 1st, 4th, 11th, and 12th verses of 35th Psalm in Tate and Brady's New +Version. + +WM. HAZEL. + +_Phantom Bells--"The Death Bell"_ (Vol. vii. passim).--I have never met, in +any work on folk-lore and popular superstitions, any mention of that +unearthly bell, whose sound is borne on the death-wind, and heralds his +doom to the hearer. Mickle alludes to it in his fine ballad of "Cumnor +Halle:" + + "The _death-belle_ thrice was heard to ring, + An aerial voice was heard to calle, + And thrice the raven flapp'd its wing, + Arounde the towers of Cumnor Halle." + +And Rogers, in his lines "To an Old Oak:" + + "There once the steel-clad knight reclined, + His sable plumage tempest-tossed: + And as the _death-bell_ smote the wind, + From towers long fled by human kind, + His brow the hero crossed." + +When ships go down at sea during a terrible tempest, it is said the +"death-bell" is often distinctly heard amid the storm-wind. And in tales of +what is called Gothic superstition, it assists in the terrors of the +supernatural. + +Sir W. Scott perhaps alluded to the superstition in the lines: + + "And the kelpie _rang_, + And the sea-maid sang + The dirge of lovely Rosabelle." + +EIRIONNACH. + +_Porter Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 364.).--Full particulars of the existing +branch of this ancient family can be afforded by the Rev. Malcom Macdonald +of South End, Essex, chaplain to Lady Tamar Sharpe, the aunt and guardian +of the representatives of Sir R. K. Porter. + +M. H. J. + +Thavies Inn. + +_The Mitred Abbot in Wroughton Church, Wilts_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--The +figure was painted in fresco, not on a pillar, but on the spandril-space +between two arches. The vestments, as far as I can make out, are an alb, a +tunicle and a cope, and mitre. The hands do not appear to hold anything, +and I see nothing to show it to represent a mitred abbot rather than a +bishop. The colours of the cope and tunicle were red and green, the +exterior of the cope and the tunicle being of one colour, the interior of +the cope of the other. The figure was the only perfect one when I visited +the church, and the rain was washing it out even as I sketched; but there +had been one between every two arches, and there were traces of colour +throughout the aisle, and the designs appeared to me unusually elegant. I +believe my slight sketch to be all that now remains; and shall be glad to +send a copy of it to your correspondent if he wishes for it, and will +signify how I may convey it to him. + +_Passage in Virgil_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--Is this the passage referred to +by Doctor Johnson? + + "Nunc scio, quid sit Amor: duris in cotibus illum + Aut Tmarus, aut Rhodope, aut extremi Garamantes, + Nec generis nostri puerum, nec sanguinis, edunt." + Virgil: _Bucolica_, Ecl. viii. l. 43. + +"The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a +native of the rocks." Dr. Johnson found his reward not in vain +solicitations to patrons, but in the fruits of his literary labours. + +The famous lines in Spenser's "Colin Clout's come home again,"[3] on the +instability and hollowness of patronage, may occur to the reader: + + "Full little knowest thou, that hast not tride, + What hell it is in suing long to bide: + To lose good days that might be better spent, + To waste long nights in pensive discontent. + To speed to-day, to be put back to-morrow, + To feed on hope, to pine with fear and sorrow. + To fret thy soul with crosses and with cares; + To eat thy heart through comfortless despaires," &c. + +F. + +[Footnote 3: In Mother Hubberd's Tale.--ED.] + +_Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, Chief Justice_ (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276.).--In +"A Letter to a Convocation Man," which was recently edited by a frequent +contributor to your pages, the REV. W. FRASER, B.C.L., and is favourably +mentioned by you, I find the following sentence, declaring that Sir Anthony +Fitzherbert _was_ Chief Justice: + + "I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's + _Abridgment_, that the Archbishop of Canterbury was prohibited to hold + such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not the + King's licence. But he adds that the Archbishop would not obey it; and + he quotes Speed for it."--P. 38. of original pamphlet, and p. 36. of + Mr. Fraser's reprint. + +MR. FRASER merely refers to Sir Anthony Fitzherbert as being made judge of +the Common Pleas in 1523, and does not enter into this question, which +deserves investigation. + +M. W. R. + +"_To put a _spoke_ in his wheel_" (Vol. viii., pp. 269. 351.).--W. C.'s +answer to G. K.'s inquiry is so very facetious, that I must confess I do +not understand it. + +As to the meaning of the expression, I think there can be no doubt. +Ainsworth interpreted "Scrupulum injecisti mihi, spem meam remoratus es." + +In Dutch, "Een spaak in t'wiel steeken," is "To traverse, thwart, or cross +a design." See Sewel's _Woordenboek_. + +The effect is similar to that of _spiking_ cannon. And it is not improbable +that _spoke_, known by the {577} ignorant to form part of the wheel, has +been by them corrupted from _spike_: and that the act is, driving a _spike_ +into the nave, so as to prevent the wheel from turning on its axle. + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Ballina Castle_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--O. L. R. G. inquires about Ballina +Castle, Castlebar, and of the general history, descriptions, &c. of the co. +Mayo. In the catalogue of my manuscript collections, prefixed to my _Annals +of Boyle, or Early History of Ireland_ (upwards of 200 volumes), No. 37. +purports to be "one volume 8vo., containing full compilations of records +and events connected with the county of Mayo, with reference to the +authorities," and it has special notices of Castlebar, Cong, Burrishoole, +Kilgarvey, Lough Conn, &c., and notes of scenery and statistics. I offered +in the year 1847 to publish a history of the county if I was indemnified, +but I did not succeed in my application. I have, of course, very full +notices of the records, &c. of Ballina, and the other leading localities of +that interesting but too long neglected county, which I would gladly draw +out and assign, as I would any other of my manuscript compilations, to any +literary gentleman who would propose to prepare them for publication, or +otherwise extract and report from them as may be sought. + +JOHN D'ALTON. + +48. Summer Hill, Dublin. + +_Mardle_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--This is the correct spelling as fixed by +Halliwell. I should propose to derive it from A.-S. _mathelian_, to speak, +discourse, harangue; or A.-S. _methel_, discourse, speech, conversation. +(Bosworth.) Forby gives this word only with the meaning "a large pond;" a +sense confined to Suffolk. But his vocabulary of East Anglia is especially +defective in East Norfolk words--an imperfection arising from his residence +in the extreme west of that county. + +E. G. R. + +_Charles Diodati_ (Vol. viii., p. 295.).--MR. SINGER mentions that Dr. +Fellowes and others have confounded Carlo Dati, Milton's Florentine friend, +with Charles Diodati, a schoolfellow (St. Paul's, London) to whom he +addresses an Italian sonnet and two Latin poems. Charles Diodati practised +physic in Cheshire; died 1638. Was this young friend of Milton's a relative +of Giovanni Diodati, who translated the Bible into Italian; born at Lucca +about 1589; became a Protestant; died at Geneva, 1649? + +MA. L. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 442.).--MR. MURDOCH'S Query relative to +Margaret Patten reminds me of a print exhibited in the Dublin Exhibition, +which bore the following inscription: + + "Mary Gore, born at Cottonwith in Yorkshire, A.D. 1582; lived upwards + of one hundred years in Ireland, and died in Dublin, aged 145 years. + This print was done from a picture _taken_ (the word is torn off) when + she was an hundred and forty-three. Vanluych _pinxit_, T. Chambers + _del._" + +EIRIONNACH. + +_"Now the fierce bear," &c._ (Vol. viii., p 440.).--The lines respecting +which [Greek: th.] requests information are from Mr. Keble's _Christian +Year_, in the poem for Monday in Whitsun Week. They are, however, +misquoted, and should run thus + + "Now the fierce bear and leopard keen + Are perish'd as they ne'er had been, + Oblivion is their home." + +G. R. M. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +As long as poetry of the highest order is appreciated in England, Gray's +_Elegy written in a Country Churchyard_ will never want readers to pore +over its beauties, or artists ready to dedicate their talents to its +illustration. Of the latter fact we have evidence in a new edition just +issued by Mr. Cundall, which is illustrated on every page with engravings +on wood from drawings by Birkett Foster, George Thomas, and a Lady. The +artists have caught the spirit of the poet, and their fanciful creations +have been transferred to the wood with the greatest delicacy by the +engravers,--the result being a most tasteful little volume, which must take +a foremost rank among the gift-books of the coming Christmas. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Smiths's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, by +various Writers_, Part VIII., which extends from the conclusion of the +admirable article on _Etruria_ to _Germania_, and includes _Gallia +Cisalpina_ and _Transalpina_, which scarcely required the initials (G. L.) +to point out the accomplished scholar by whom they are written.--Darlings +_Cyclopædia Bibliographica_: Parts XIV. and XV. extend from _O. M. +Mitchell_ to _Platina or De Sacchi_. The value of this analytical, +bibliographical, and biographical Library Manual will not be fully +appreciable until the work is completed.--_The National Miscellany_, Vol. +I. The first Volume of this magazine of General Literature is just issued +in a handsome form, suitable to the typographical excellence for which this +well-directed and well-conducted miscellany is remarkable.--_Remains of +Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England_, Part VIII.: containing +Bronze Bucket, found at Cuddesden, Oxfordshire; and Fibula, found near +Billesdon, Leicestershire. We would suggest to Mr. Akerman that the Bronze +Bucket is scarcely an example of an object of archæological interest, which +requires to be drawn of the size of the original, and coloured from it: and +that the value of his useful work would be increased by his adhering to his +original arrangement, by which the illustrative letter-press appeared in +the same part with the engraving to which it referred. + + * * * * * + +{578} + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +OXFORD ALMANACK for 1719. + +AMOENITATES ACADEMICÆ. Vol. I. Holmiæ, 1749. + +BROWNE HIST. NAT. JAMAICÆ. Lond. 1756. Folio. + +AMMANUS l. STIRPES RARIORES. Petrop. 1739. + +PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS for 1683. + +ANNALS OF PHILOSOPHY for January, 1824. + +PESHALL'S MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. + +UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE for January, 1763. + +SPRINGEL AND DECANDOLLE'S BOTANY. + +DR. RICHARDSON'S CORRESPONDENCE, by DAWSON TURNER. + +AMHERST'S TERRÆ FILIUS, 1726. + + Wanted by _Mr. H. T. Bobart_, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICÆ. 3 Tom. Folio. Romæ, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + +PECK'S (FR.) HISTORY OF THE STAMFORD BULL RUNNING. + +THE CASE OF MR. SAM. BRUCKSHAW CONSIDERED. 8vo. or 12mo. + + Wanted by _Mr. J. Phillips_, Stamford. + + * * * * * + +LONDON MAGAZINE. Vol. LXIV. to 1779. + +NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES, and the Continuation. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +JOSEPH MEDE'S WORKS. + +JONES'S (of Nayland) SERMONS, by Walker. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +PLAIN SERMONS. 10 Vols. 8vo. + +DEATH-BED SCENES. Best Edition. + +ROSE'S (H. J.) SERMONS. + +WILBERFORCE'S LIFE. 5 Vols. + + Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath. + + * * * * * + +HUTCHINS'S DORSETSHIRE. Last Edition. + + Wanted by _James Dearden_, Upton House, Poole. + + * * * * * + +CLARENDON'S HISTORY OF THE REBELLION. Folio. Oxford 1703. Vol. I. + + Wanted by _Rev. John James Avington_, Hungerford. + + * * * * * + +AN EXAMINATION OF THE CHARTERS AND STATUTES OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN +(with the Postscript), by George Miller, D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804. + +A [First] LETTER TO THE REV DR. PUSEY, in reference to his Letter to the +Lord Bishop of Oxford, by George Miller, D.D. London, 1840. + + Wanted by _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +W. H. M. W. _The Heralds' visitation for Wiltshire in 1622 will be found in +the British Museum, Harl. MSS. 1165 and 1443. See too Sims's_ Indexes to +Pedigrees, _&c._ + +RALPHO'S _communication should have been addressed to the writer, quoting +the lines on which he comments_. + +GAMMER GURTON'S _suggestion is a very good one; and we can promise that our +Christmas Eve Number shall be rich in_ FOLK LORE. + +G. S. M., _who desires information respecting the history of Newspapers, +their progress and statistics, is referred to F. K. Hunt's_ Fourth Estate, +a Contribution towards a History of Newspapers and of the Liberty of the +Press, _2 vols. 8vo., London, 1850. Several articles on the subject will be +found in our own columns_. + +_If_ F. S. A. _applied to the proper authorities, we cannot doubt that the +information he received is true_. + +J. W. N. K. _We have referred the descriptions of the pictures to one of +the very highest authorities in London, who is of opinion that if the marks +on the back_ are genuine, _they are the marks of the owner, not of the +artist_. + +J. T. _The volume_ Remarques de Pierre Motteux sur Rabelais _is no doubt a +translation of the notes which Motteux inserted in the English version, of +which the first three books were translated by Urquhart, the other two by +himself. This translation has, we think, been reprinted by Bohn_. + +J. W. T. _The monastic work inquired after is noticed by another +Correspondent at_ p. 569. _of the present Number_. + +Dr. Diamond on the simplicity of the Calotype Process _is, on account of +its length from the many additions made to it, unavoidably postponed until +next week_. + +T. L. (Islington). _The ingredients referred to are all used by Le Gray, +the originator of the waxed-paper process. They are supposed not only to +increase the sensitiveness of the paper, but to add to its keeping +qualities. We have no doubt that a letter addressed to the College of +Chemistry will find the gentleman to whom you refer._ + +D. G. (Liverpool). _It would be not only difficult but more expensive to +prepare your own sulphuric ether; but we again assure that the best is to +be procured at from 5s. to 6s. per pound, and wholesale at considerably +less. You may satisfy yourself by a reference to our advertising columns._ + +F. H. D. _Albumenized paper will keep many days after it has been excited +with a forty-grain solution of nitrate of silver. We have used Whatman's +and Turner's papers twenty days old, and with perfectly satisfactory +results. The thin Canson is of all others most disposed to brown; but it is +preferable to all others in use from the richness of the tints produced and +its rapidity of printing._ + +_Erratum._--Vol. viii, p. 546. l. 20. from bottom, for "burnishing" read +"bruising." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is printed at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii. _price Three Guineas and a +Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._ + + * * * * * + + +PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils. &c., with +printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s. + + MILLER'S. Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56 Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + + BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses +of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful and Valuable Old Books. Vol. I. Pp. +436. Cloth, 10s. 6d. Part V., price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly, is now +ready. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH. 36. Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads: +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +{579} + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ s. d. | Age £ s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +Solicitors & General Life Assurance Society. + +52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._ + + * * * * * + +THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: + +The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. + +Exemption of the Assured from all Liability. + +Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives. + +Participating and Non-Participating Premiums. + +In the former EIGHTY PERCENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided +amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum +assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option. + +No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on +Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. + +POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud. + +At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of +nearly Two PER CENT. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of +from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_. + +POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. + +Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. + +The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by +applying on any other day between the hours of 10 and 4. at the Office of +the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be +obtained. + +CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally +acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal +scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no +preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect +pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where +a quantity is required the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in +separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to +any Climate. Full instructions for use. + +CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD +W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. + +CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of +purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. +The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label +bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL +MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of +all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through +MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. +Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.--The Council will open in the beginning of January, +at the rooms of the Society of British Artists, in Suffolk Street, Pall +Mall, an exhibition of Photographs and Daguerreotypes. Coloured Pictures +will not be excluded. It is recommended that all pictures sent should be +protected by glass. No picture will be exhibited unless accompanied by the +name and address of the Photographer or Exhibitor, and some description of +the process employed. Pictures will be received at the Rooms in Suffolk +Street, from Monday the 19th to Monday the 26th December. Further +information may be obtained by application to the Secretary, R. FENTON, +ESQ., 2. Albert Terrace, Albert Road, Regent's Park. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS. + +KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of +the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's +Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and +pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. +Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps. + +Instructions given in every branch of the Art. + +An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.-J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published: without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea: Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE CO'S Iodized Collection, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade Supplied. + +Every Description of Camera or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, &c., +may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +VIEWS IN LONDON. + +STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES. + +BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT +MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and +in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAUGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER, and +TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris, +the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth +in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street. London. + +*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN. 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and +Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s.__, +63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive +Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp. + + WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street. + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere. + + * * * * * + + +{580} + +SECOND AND ENLARGED EDITION OF DR. PEILE'S ANNOTATIONS ON THE ROMANS. + +Now ready, in 8vo., price 7s. 6d., a Second and enlarged Edition of + +ANNOTATIONS ON ST. PAUL'S EPISTLE to the ROMANS. By THOMAS WILLIAMSON +PEILE, D.D., Head Master of Repton School; and formerly Fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge. + +RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place. + +THE ANNOTATIONS ON THE CORINTHIANS may be had now in One Volume, price 7s. +6d. + +Also a Separate Edition of ANNOTATIONS on the HEBREWS. Price 4s. 6d. + + * * * * * + + +ARNOLD'S (REV. T. K.) PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION, +PART I. Eighth Edition. Price 5s. 6d. This new Edition has been reprinted +from the Sixth by particular request, and upon competent authority as to +the usefulness of the Sixth and Seventh Editions, and will remain in future +the standard Edition of the Work. + +RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place; + +Of whom may be had, by the same Author, + +A SECOND PART of the above Work (on the PARTICLES). In 8vo. 6s. 6d. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains the following articles:--1. +Memoranda on Mexico--Brantz Mayer's Historical and Geographical Account of +Mexico from the Spanish Invasion. 2. Notes on Mediæval Art in France, by +J. G. Waller. 3. Philip the Second and Antonio Perez. 4. On the Immigration +of the Scandinavians into Leicestershire, by James Wilson. 5. Wanderings of +an Antiquary, by Thomas Wright, Old Sarum. 6. Mitford's Mason and Gray. +Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Duke of Wellington's Descent from the +House of Stafford; Extracts from the MS. Diaries of Dr. Stukeley; English +Historical Portraits, and Granger's Biographical History of England; +Scottish Families in Sweden, &c. With Notes of the Month; Historical and +Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of Antiquarian and Literary Societies; +Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY: including Memoirs of the Earl of +Kenmare, Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, Lady Eliz. Norman, Lord Charles +Townshend, Sir Wm. Betham, Sir Wm. Bain, Gen. Montholon, M. Arago, Lieut. +Bellot, R. J. Smyth, Esq., M.P.; C. Baring Wall, Esq., M.P.; Rev. G. +Faussett, D. D.; Colin C. Macaulay, Esq.; Jas. Ainsworth, Esq.; &c. Price +2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +Price 2s., or, Post Free, 2s. 6d. In Stamps. + +PANTOMIME BUDGETS: contains Notes and Queries on Things in General, and +Taxation in particular. + +CROSS & SON, 18. Holborn. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, Fourth Edition, 8vo., 12s. + +NOTES ON THE MIRACLES. By R. C. TRENCH, B.D., Professor of Divinity in +King's College, London, and Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of +Oxford. + +By the same Author, + +NOTES ON THE PARABLES. Fifth Edition. 12s. + +JOHN W. 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Fox, +Jeffrey, De Quincy, &c.; Miall's Bases of Belief; Oakfield, by a Punjabee; +De Saulcy's Bible Lands; Maurice's Theological Essays; The Tents of the +Tuski; Legends of the Madonna; Cranford; Margaret; Avillion and other +Tales; Lord Grey's Colonial Policy; Esmond; My Novel; Chamois Hunting in +Bavaria; Albert Smith's Story of Mont Blanc; The Insurrection in China; +Christie Johnstone; Ruth; Vilette; Keppel's Indian Archipelago; The +Cloister Life of Charles the Fifth; Galton's South Africa; Alexander +Smith's Poems; Palliser's Rambles in the Prairies; Mrs. Meredith's Home in +Tasmania; Lorenzo Benoni; Hypatia; The Art-Student in Munich; Alieford; +Alison's Europe, New Series; The Story of Corfe Castle; Records of +Alderbrook, &c. &c. + +Single Subscription, One Guinea per annum. + +First-Class Country Subscriptions, Two Guineas and upwards, according to +the number of volumes required. + +Prospectuses may be obtained on application. + +CHARLES EDWARD MUDIE, 510. New Oxford Street. + + * * * * * + + +Lately published, price 3s. 6d. each, Parts XII. and XIII. of the + +TOPOGRAPHER and GENEALOGIST. Edited by JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A., London +and Newcastle. + +CONTENTS OF PART XII. + +Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges. + +A Summary Catalogue of Sepulchral Memorials, &c., existing in Parish +Churches:--County of Suffolk, continued; Hundred of Loes. + +Pedigrees of Pycheford, of Pycheford, co. Salop, and of Pitchford, of Lee +Brockhurst, co. Salop. + +Births of the Children of Sir John Gresham, Lord Mayor of London in 1547, +by his first Wife, Mary, Daughter and Coheir of Thomas Ipswell. + +The Manor of Bampton, co. Oxford, and Family of Horde. + +Extracts from the Parish Registers of St. Nicholas, Dublin. + +Farther Extracts from the Parish Registers of Down, co. Kent. + +CONTENTS OF PART XIII. + +Some Account of the Manor of Apuldrefield, in the Parish of Cudham, Kent, +by G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., F.S.A. + +Petition to Parliament from the Borough of Wotton Basset, in the Reign of +Charles I., relative to the Right of the Burgesses to Free Common of +Pasture in Fasterne Great Park. + +Memoranda in Heraldry, from the MS. Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve, Norroy +King of Arms. + +Was William of Wykeham of the Family of Swalcliffe? By Charles Wykeham +Martin, Esq., M.P., F.S.A. + +Account of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to the Irish Exchequer, relative to +the Chattel Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other Fugitives from Ulster +in the Year 1616, communicated by James F. Ferguson, Esq., of the Exchequer +Record Office, Dublin. + +Indenture enumerating various Lands in Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII. (1489). + +J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 215, December 10, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: December 4, 2009 [EBook #30594] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 10, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 557 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page557"></a>{557}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 215.</b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, December 10. 1853</span></b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters of Malta, by William + Winthrop</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page557">557</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Penny Sights and Exhibitions in the Reign of James I., by A. + Grayan</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page558">558</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Impossibilities of our Forefathers</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page559">559</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Parallel Passages, by the Rev. John Booker</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page560">560</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Astrology in America</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page561">561</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—"Hierosolyma est + perdita"—Quaint Inscription in a Belfry—The Chronicles of + the Kings of Israel and Judah—The Using a Circumstance as a + "Peg," or "Nail," to hang an Argument on, &c.—Turkish and + Russian Grammars—Chronograms in Sicily—Stone + Pulpits—Advertisements and Prospectuses</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page561">561</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries:—</span></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>English Refugees at Ypenstein</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page562">562</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Petrarch's + Laura—"Epitaphium Lucretiæ"—M‘Dowall + Family—Arms of Geneva—Webb of Monckton + Farleigh—Translation Wanted—Latin Translation from + Sheridan, &c.—Gale of Rent—Arms of Sir Richard de + Loges—Gentile Names of the Jews—Henry, Earl of + Wotton—Kicker-eating—Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. + Lancashire—George, first Viscount Lanesborough, and Sir Charles + Cotterell—"Firm was their faith," &c.—The Mother of + William the Conqueror—Pedigree of Sir Francis Bryan</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page562">562</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>—"The + Whole Duty of Man"—"It rained cats and dogs and little + pitchforks:" Helter-skelter—Father Traves—Precise Dates + of Births and Deaths of the Pretenders—Clarence</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page564">564</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies:—</span></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Mackey's "Theory of the Earth"</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page565">565</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sincere, Simple, Singular</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page567">567</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Poetical Tavern Signs</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page568">568</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Homo Unius Libri</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page569">569</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Forlorn Hope, by W. R. Wilde</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page569">569</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Tieck's "Comœdia Divina"</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page570">570</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Liveries worn by Gentlemen</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page571">571</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence.</span>—Queries + on Dr. Diamond's Calotype Process—Albumenized Paper</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page572">572</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor + Queries</span>:—Marcarnes—X on Brewers' Casks—No + Sparrows at Lindham—Theobald le Botiller—Vault at + Richmond, Yorkshire—Lord Audley's Attendants at + Poictiers—Portraits at Brickwall House—The Words "Mob" + and "Cash"—English Clergyman in Spain—The + Cid—Exterior Stoups—Green Jugs used by the + Templars—"Peccavi," I have Scinde—Raffaele's + "Sposalizio"—Early Use of Tin: Derivation of the Name of + Britain—Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter + Scott—Derivation of the Word "Humbug"—Bees—Topsy + Turvy—Parish Clerks and Politics, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page572">572</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous:—</span></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page577">577</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page578">578</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page578">578</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page578">578</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>ORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS +OF MALTA.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> p. 99.)</p> + + <p>In my first communication I did myself the pleasure to send you a + correct list of all the royal letters which had been sent by different + English monarchs to the Grand Masters of Malta, with their dates, the + languages in which they were written, and stating to whom they were + addressed. I now purpose to forward with your permission from time to + time, literal translations of these letters, which Mr. Strickland of this + garrison has kindly promised to give me. The subjoined are the first in + order, and have been carefully compared, by Dr. Vella and myself, with + the originals now in the Record Office.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">No. I.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip Villiers + de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Our most dear friend—Greeting:</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The venerable and religious men, Sir Thomas Docreus, Prior of St. + John's in this kingdom, and Sir W. Weston of your convent, Turcoplerius, + have lately delivered to us the epistle of your Reverence, and when we + had read it, they laid before us the commission which they had in charge, + with so much prudence and address, and recommended to us the condition, + well being, and honour of their Order with so much zeal and affection, + that they have much increased the good will, which of ourselves we feel + towards the Order, and have made us more eager in advancing all its + affairs, so that we very much hope to declare by our actions the + affection which we feel towards this Order.</p> + + <p>And that we might give some proof of this our disposition, we have + written at great length to His Imperial Majesty, in <i>favour of + maintaining the occupation</i> of Malta, and we have given orders to our + envoys there to help forward this affair as much as they are able. The + other matters, indeed, <!-- Page 558 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page558"></a>{558}</span>your Reverence will learn more in detail + from the letters of the said Prior.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>From our Palace at Richmond,</p> + <p class="i2">Eighth day of January, 1523,</p> + <p class="i6">Your good friend,</p> + <p class="i8"><span class="sc">Henry Rex</span>.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<p class="cenhead">No. II.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip Villiers + de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Our most dear friend—Greeting:</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>By other of our letters we have commended to your Reverence our + beloved Sir W. Weston, Turcoplerius, and the whole Order of Jerusalem in + our kingdom; but since we honour the foresaid Sir W. Weston with a + peculiar affection, we have judged him worthy that we should render him + more agreeable and more acceptable to your Reverence, by this our renewed + recommendation; and we trust that you will have it the more easily in + your power to satisfy this our desire, because, on account of the trust + which you yourself placed in him, you appointed him special envoy to + ourselves in behalf of the affairs of his Order, and showed that you + honoured him with equal good will. We therefore most earnestly entreat + your Reverence not to be backward in receiving him on his return with all + possible offices of love, and to serve him especially in those matters + which regard his office of Turcoplerius, and his Mastership. Moreover, if + any honours in the gift and disposal of your Reverence fall due to you, + with firm confidence we beg of you to vouchsafe to appoint and promote + the foresaid Sir William Weston to the same, which favour will be so + pleasing and acceptable to us, that when occasion offers we will + endeavour to return it not only to your Reverence, but also to your whole + Order. And may every happiness attend you.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>From our Palace at Windsor,</p> + <p class="i2">First day of August, 1524,</p> + <p class="i6">Your good friend,</p> + <p class="i8"><span class="sc">Henry Rex</span>.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<p class="cenhead">No. III.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip Villiers + de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Our most dear friend—Greeting:</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Ambrosius Layton, our subject, and brother of the same Order, has + delivered to us your Reverence's letter, and from it we very well + understand the matters concerning the said Order, which your Reverence + had committed to his charge to be delivered to us; but we have delayed to + return an answer, and we still delay, because we have understood that a + general Chapter of your whole Order will be held in a short time, to + which we doubt not that the more prudent and experienced of the brethren + of the Order will come, and we trust that, by the general wish and + counsel of all of you, a place may be selected for this illustrious Order + which may be best suited for the imperial support and advancement of the + Republic, and for the assailing of the infidels. When therefore your + Reverence shall have made us acquainted with the place selected for the + said Chapter, you shall find us no less prompt and ready than any other + Christan prince in all things which can serve to the advantage and + support of the said Order.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>From our Palace at Richmond,</p> + <p class="i2">Fourth day (month omitted), 1526,</p> + <p class="i6">Your good friend,</p> + <p class="i8"><span class="sc">Henry Rex</span>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>That the subject of the above letters may be better understood, it may + be necessary to state that L'Isle Adam was driven out of Rhodes by the + Sultan Solyman, after a most desperate and sanguinary struggle, which + continued almost without intermission from the 26th of June to the 18th + of December, 1523. From this date to the month of October, 1530, nearly + seven years, the Order of St. John of Jerusalem had no fixed residence, + and the Grand Master was a wanderer in Italy, either in Rome, Viterbo, + Naples, or Syracuse, while begging of the Christian Powers to assist him + in recovering Rhodes, or Charles V. to give him Malta as a residence for + his convent. It was during this period that the above letters, and some + others which I purpose sending hereafter, were written.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Winthrop.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PENNY SIGHTS AND EXHIBITIONS IN THE REIGN +OF JAMES I.</h3> + + <p>The following curious list may amuse some of your readers. I met with + it among the host of panegyrical verses prefixed to Master Tom Coryate's + <i>Crudities</i>, published in 1611. Even in those days it will be + admitted that the English were rather fond of such things, and glorious + Will himself bears testimony to the fact. (See <i>Tempest</i>, Act II. + Sc. 2.) The hexameter verses are anonymous; perhaps one of your well-read + antiquaries may be able to assign to them the author, and be disposed to + annotate them. I would particularly ask when was Drake's ship broken up, + and is there any date on the chair<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> made from the wood, which is now to + be seen at the Bodleian Library, Oxford?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Why doe the rude vulgar so hastily post in a madnesse</p> + <p>To gaze at trifles, and toyes not worthy the viewing?</p> +<!-- Page 559 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page559"></a>{559}</span> + <p>And thinke them happy, when may be shew'd for a penny</p> + <p>The Fleet-streete Mandrakes, that heavenly motion of Eltham,</p> + <p>Westminster Monuments, and Guildhall huge Corinæus,</p> + <p>That horne of Windsor (of an Unicorne very likely),</p> + <p>The cave of Merlin, the skirts of Old Tom a Lincolne,</p> + <p>King John's sword at Linne, with the cup the Fraternity drinke in,</p> + <p>The tombe of Beauchampe, and sword of Sir Guy a Warwicke,</p> + <p>The great long Dutchman, and roaring Marget a Barwicke,</p> + <p>The mummied Princes, and Cæsar's wine yet i' Dover,</p> + <p>Saint James his ginney-hens, the Cassawarway<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> moreover,</p> + <p>The Beaver i' the Parke (strange Beast as e'er any man saw),</p> + <p>Downe-shearing Willowes with teeth as sharpe as a hand-saw,</p> + <p>The lance of John a Gaunt, and Brandon's still i' the Tower,</p> + <p>The fall of Ninive, with Norwich built in an hower.</p> + <p>King Henries slip-shoes, the sword of valiant Edward,</p> + <p>The Coventry Boares-shield, and fire-workes seen but to bedward,</p> + <p>Drake's ship at Detford, King Richard's bed-sted i' Leyster,</p> + <p>The White Hall Whale-bones, the silver Bason i' Chester;</p> + <p>The live-caught Dog-fish, the Wolfe, and Harry the Lyon,</p> + <p>Hunks of the Beare Garden to be feared, if he be nigh on.</p> + <p>All these are nothing, were a thousand more to be scanned,</p> + <p>(Coryate) unto thy shoes so artificially tanned."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In explanation of the last line, Tom went no less than 900 miles on + one pair of soles, and on his return he hung up these remarkable shoes + for a memorial in Odcombe Church, Somersetshire, where they remained till + 1702.</p> + + <p>Another "penny" sight was a trip to the top of St. Paul's. (See + Dekker's <i>Gul's Horne Book</i>, 1609.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Grayan.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>The date to Cowley's lines on the chair is 1662.</p> + + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>"An East Indian bird at Saint James, in the keeping of Mr. Walker, + that will carry no coales, but eate them as whot as you will."</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE IMPOSSIBILITIES OF OUR FOREFATHERS.</h3> + + <p>In turning over the pages of old authors, it is amusing to note how + the <i>mountains</i> of our primitive ancestors have become + <i>mole-hills</i> in the hands of the present generation! A few instances + would, I think, be very instructive; and, to set the example, I give you + the following from my own note-book.</p> + + <p><i>The Overland Journey to India.</i>—From the days of Sir John + Mandeville, until a comparatively recent period, how portentous of + danger, difficulty, and daring has been the "Waye to Ynde wyth the + Maruelyes thereof!"</p> + + <p>In <i>Lingua, or the Combat of the Tongue</i>, by Brewer, London, + 1657, originally published in 1607, Heursis complains that Phantases had + interrupted his cogitations upon three things which had troubled his + brain for many a day:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Phant.</i> Some great matters questionless; what were they?</p> + + <p><i>Heur.</i> The quadrature of the circle, the philosopher's stone, + and the <i>next way to the Indies</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Phant.</i> Thou dost well to meditate on these things all at once, + for they'll be found out altogether, <i>ad græcas calendas</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Dr. Robertson's <i>Disquisition on the Knowledge the Ancients had of + India</i>, shows that communications overland existed from a remote + period; and we know that the East India Company had always a route open + for their dispatches on emergent occasions; but let the reader consult + the <i>Reminiscences</i> of Dr. Dibdin, and he will find an example of + its utter uselessness when resorted to in 1776 to apprize the Home + Government of hostile movements on the part of an enemy. To show, + however, in a more striking light, the difference between the "overland + route" a century back, and that of 1853, I turn up the <i>Journal of + Bartholomew Plaisted</i>: London, 1757. This gentleman, who was a servant + of the East India Company, tells us that he embarked at Calcutta in 1749 + for England; and, after encountering many difficulties, reached Dover + <i>viâ</i> Bussorah, Aleppo, and Marseilles in twelve months! Bearing + this in mind, let the reader refer to the London daily papers of this + eighth day of November, 1853, and he will find that intelligence reached + the city on that afternoon of the arrival at Trieste of the + <i>Calcutta</i> steamer, furnishing us with telegraph advices + from—</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Times by steamer." title="Times by steamer."> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Bengal, Oct. 3. </td><td class="spacsingle">36 days!</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Bombay, Oct. 14. </td><td class="spacsingle">25 days!!</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Hong Kong, Sept. 27. </td><td class="spacsingle">46 days!!!</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>Rapid as this is, and strikingly as it exemplifies the gigantic + appliances of our day, the cry of Heursis in the play is still for the + <i>next</i>, or a nearer <i>way to India</i>; and, besides the <i>Ocean + Mail</i>, the magnificent sailing vessels, and the steamers of + <i>fabulous</i> dimensions said to be building for the Cape route to + perform the passage from London to Calcutta in thirty days, we are + promised the <i>electric telegraph</i> to furnish us with news from the + above-named ports in a less number of <i>hours</i> than <i>days</i> now + occupied!</p> + +<p><!-- Page 560 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page560"></a>{560}</span></p> + + <p>We have thus seen that the impetus once given, it is impossible to + limit or foresee where this tendency to knit us to the farthermost parts + of the world will end!</p> + + <p>"Steam to India" was nevertheless almost stifled at its birth, and its + early progress sadly fettered and retarded by those whose duty it was to + have fostered and encouraged it—I mean the East India Company. From + this censure of a body I would exclude some of their servants in India, + and particularly a name that may be new to your readers in connexion with + this subject, that of the late Mr. Charles P. Greenlaw of Calcutta, to + whom I would ascribe all honour and glory as the great <i>precursor</i> + of the movement, subsequently so triumphantly achieved by the Peninsular + and Oriental Company. This gentleman, at the head of the East India + Company's Marine Establishment in Bengal, brought all the enthusiasm of + his character to bear upon the question of steam <i>viâ</i> the Red Sea; + and raised such an agitation in the several Presidencies, that the + <i>slow coach</i> in Leadenhall Street was compelled to move on, and Mr. + Greenlaw lived to see his labours successful. Poor Greenlaw was as deaf + as a post, and usually carried on his arm a flexible pipe, with an ivory + tip and mouth-piece, through which he received the communications of his + friends. How often have I seen him, after an eloquent appeal on behalf of + his scheme, hand this to the party he would win over to his views: and if + the responses sent through it were favourable, he was delighted; but, if + the contrary, his irascibility knew no bounds; and snatching his pipe + from the mouth of the senseless man who could not see the value of "steam + for India," he would impatiently coil it round his arm, and, with a + recommendation to the less sanguine to give the subject the attention due + to its importance, would whisk himself off to urge his point in some + other quarter! I have already said that Mr. Greenlaw lived to see the + overland communication firmly established; and his fellow citizens, to + mark their high estimation of his character, and the unwearied + application of his energies in the good cause, have embellished their + fine "Metcalfe Hall" with a marble bust of this best of advocates for the + interests of India.</p> + + <p class="author">J. O.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PARALLEL PASSAGES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 372.)</p> + + <p>Adopting the suggestion of F. W. J., I contribute the following + parallel passages towards the collection which he proposes:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>1. "And He said unto them, Take heed and beware of covetousness, for a + man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he + possesseth."—Luke xii. 15.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Non possidentem multa vocaveris</p> + <p>Recte beatum; rectius occupat</p> + <p class="i1">Nomen beati, qui Deorum</p> + <p class="i2">Muneribus sapienter uti,</p> + <p>Duramque callet pauperiem pati;</p> + <p>Pejusque leto flagitium timet."—Hor. <i>Carm.</i>, lib. <span class="scac">IV.</span> ode ix.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>2. "For that which I do I allow not: for what I would that do I not; + but what I hate that do I."—Rom. vii. 15.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Sed trahit invitam nova vis; aliudque Cupido,</p> + <p>Mens aliud suadet. Video meliora, proboque:</p> + <p>Deteriora sequor."—Ovid, <i>Metam.</i>, lib. <span class="scac">VII.</span> 19-21.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Quæ nocuere sequar, fugiam quæ profore credam."—<i>Hor.</i>, lib. <span class="scac">I.</span> epist. viii. 11.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>3. "Without father, without mother, without descent," + &c.—Heb. vii. 3.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ante potestatem Tullî atque ignobile regnum,</p> + <p>Multos sæpe viros, nullis majoribus ortos</p> + <p>Et vixisse probes," &c.—Hor. <i>Sat.</i> <span class="scac">I.</span> vi. 9.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>4. "For I have said before, that ye are in our hearts to die and live + with you."—2 Cor. vii. 3.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam libens."—Hor. <i>Carm.</i>, lib. <span class="scac">III.</span> ix.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>5. "Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die."—1 Cor. xv. + 32.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Convivæ certe tui dicunt, Bibamus moriendum est."—Senec. <i>Controv.</i> xiv.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>6. "Be not thou afraid though one be made rich, or if the glory of his + house be increased; for he shall carry nothing away with him when he + dieth, neither shall his pomp follow him."—Ps. xlix. 16, 17.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"How loved, how honoured once, avails thee not;</p> + <p>To whom related, or by whom begot:</p> + <p>A heap of dust alone remains of thee.</p> + <p class="hg1">'Tis all thou art, and all the proud shall be."—Pope.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Divesne, prisco natus ab Inacho,</p> + <p>Nil interest, an pauper, et infima</p> + <p class="i1">De gente sub divo moreris,</p> + <p class="i2">Victima nil miserantis Orci."—Hor. <i>Carm.</i>, lib. <span class="scac">II.</span> iii.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The following close parallelism between Ben Jonson and Horace, though + a little wide of your correspondent's suggestion, is also worthy of + notice. I have never before seen it remarked upon. It would, perhaps, be + more correct to describe it as a plagiarism than as a parallelism:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"<i>Mosca.</i> And besides, Sir,</p> + <p>You are not like the thresher that doth stand</p> + <p>With a huge flail, watching a heap of corn,</p> + <p>And, hungry, dares not taste the smallest grain,</p> + <p>But feeds on mallows, and such bitter herbs;</p> + <p>Nor like the merchant, who hath filled his vaults</p> + <p>With Romagnia, and rich Candian wines,</p> + <p>Yet drinks the lees of Lombard's vinegar:</p> + <p>You will lie not in straw, whilst moths and worms</p> +<!-- Page 561 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page561"></a>{561}</span> + <p>Feed on your sumptuous hangings and soft beds;</p> + <p>You know the use of riches."—Ben Johnson, <i>The Fox</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Si quis ad ingentem frumenti semper acervum</p> + <p>Prorectus vigilet cum longo fuste, neque illinc</p> + <p>Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,</p> + <p>Ac potius foliis parcus vescatur amaris:</p> + <p>Si, positis intus Chii veterisque Falerni</p> + <p>Mille cadis—nihil est, tercentum millibus, acre</p> + <p>Potet acetum; age, si et stramentis incubet, unde—</p> + <p>Octoginta annos natus, cui stragula vestis,</p> + <p>Blattarum ac tinearum epulæ, putrescat in arca."—Hor. <i>Sat.</i>, lib. <span class="scac">II.</span> iii.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Booker.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Prestwich.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ASTROLOGY IN AMERICA.</h3> + + <p>The six following advertisements are cut from a recent Number of the + <i>New York Herald</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Madame Morrow, seventh daughter of a seventh daughter, and a + descendant of a line of astrologers reaching back for centuries, will + give ladies private lectures on all the events of life, in regard to + health, wealth, love, courtship, and marriage. She is without exception + the most wonderful astrologist in the world, or that has ever been known. + She will even tell their very thoughts, and will show them the likenesses + of their intended husbands and absent friends, which has astonished + thousands during her travels in Europe. She will leave the city in a very + short time. 76. Broome Street, between Cannon and Columbia. Gentlemen are + not admitted."</p> + + <p>"Madame la Compt flatters herself that she is competent, by her great + experience in the art of astrology, to give true information in regard to + the past, present, and future. She is able to see clearly any losses her + visitors may have sustained, and will give satisfactory information in + regard to the way of recovery. She has and continues to give perfect + satisfaction. Ladies and gentlemen 50 cents. 13. Howard Street."</p> + + <p>"Mad. la Compt has been visited by over two hundred ladies and + gentlemen the past week, and has given perfect satisfaction; and, in + consideration of the great patronage bestowed upon her, she will remain + at 13. Howard Street for four days more, when she will positively sail + for the South."</p> + + <p>"Mrs. Alwin, renowned in Europe for her skill in foretelling the + future, has arrived, and will furnish intelligence about all + circumstances of life. She interprets dreams, law matters, and love, by + astrology, books, and science, and tells to ladies and gentlemen the name + of the persons they will marry; also the names of her visitors. Mrs. + Alvin speaks the English, French and German languages. Residence, 25. + Rivington Street, up stairs, near the Bowery. Ladies 50 cents, gentlemen + 1 dollar."</p> + + <p>"Mrs. Prewster, from Philadelphia, tenders her services to the ladies + and gentlemen of this city in astrology, love, and law matters, + interpreting dreams, &c., by books and science, constantly relied on + by Napoleon; and will tell the name of the lady or gentleman they will + marry; also the names of the visitors. Residence, No. 59. Great Jones + Street, corner of the Bowery. Ladies 50 cents, gentlemen 1 dollar."</p> + + <p>"The celebrated Dr. F. Shuman, Swede by birth, just arrived in this + city, offers his services in astrology, physiognomy, &c. He can be + consulted on matters of love, marriage, past, present, and future events + in life. Nativity calculated for ladies and gentlemen. Mr. S. has + travelled through the greater part of the world in the last forty-two + years, and is willing to give the most satisfactory information. Office, + 175. Chambers Street, near Greenwich."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p>"<i>Hierosolyma est perdita.</i>"—Whilst studying in Germany, I + remember seeing one day some Jews in a great passion because a few little + boys had been shouting "Hep! hep!" On information I heard, that whenever + the German knights headed a Jew-hunt in the Middle Ages, they always + raised the cry "Hep! hep!" This is remembered even to the present + day.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henri van Laun.</span></p> + + <p class="address">King William's College, Isle of Man.</p> + + <p><i>Quaint Inscription in a Belfry.</i>—I think the following + unique piece of authorship deserves, for its quaint originality, a corner + in "N. & Q." It is copied from an inscription dated Jan. 31, 1757, in + the belfry of the parish church of Fenstanton, Hunts:</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Times by steamer." title="Times by steamer."> +<tr><td class="spacsingle" style="text-align:center" colspan="2">"January y<sup>e</sup> 31, 1757.<br /> +Hear was ten defran<sup>t</sup><br /> +Peals Rung in 50 min-<br /> +utes which is 1200,<br /> +Changes by thouse,<br /> +names who are Under.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="spacsingle" style="border-right : 1px solid black;"> 1. Jn<sup>o</sup> Allin<br /> + 2. Jm<sup>s</sup> Brown +</td><td class="spacsingle">3. Jno. Cade<br /> +4. Rob<sup>t</sup> Cole</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="spacsingle" style="text-align:center" colspan="2">5. Will<sup>m</sup> How."</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="spacsingle" colspan="2">"All you young Men y<sup>t</sup> larn y<sup>e</sup> Ringen Art,<br /> + Besure you see & will perform your part<br /> + no Musick with it Can Excell.<br /> + nor be compared to y<sup>e</sup> Melodeus bells."</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>Perhaps I may as well add that this is a faithful copy of the original + inscription, both in orthography and punctuation.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. T. Watts.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Ives, Hunts.</p> + + <p><i>The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and Judah.</i>—After + the many conjectures which have been formed respecting the <span + lang="he" class="heb" title="SPR DBRY HYMYM" ><bdo + dir="rtl">ספר דברי + הימים</bdo></span>‎ of the kings of + Israel and Judah, allow me to suggest the probability of their bearing + some resemblance to the records of the "wars" and "might" of the monarchs + of Assyria, recently brought to light by Mr. Layard.</p> + + <p class="author"><span lang="he" class="heb" title="P" ><bdo dir="rtl">פ</bdo></span>‎.</p> + + <p><i>The Using a Circumstance as a "Peg," or "Nail," to hang an Argument + on, &c.</i>—In the parliamentary debates we frequently read of + one honorable member accusing another honorable member of dragging in a + certain expression or quotation for the mere sake of hanging upon it some + argument or observation apposite to his motion or + resolution.—Query, The origin of this term?</p> + + <p>My attention was drawn to it by reading the First Lesson at Morning + Prayer for 25th May, viz. Ezra ix. 8., where the expression means + something to hold by, or some resting-place.</p> + + <p>In the following verse, the term is changed into "a wall," meaning + some support or help.</p> + + <p>Has this passage ever challenged the attention of any of your numerous + readers, or can the common saying fairly be referred to it?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Norwood.</p> + + <p><i>Turkish and Russian Grammars.</i>—At the present moment it + may be found interesting to make a note of it for "N. & Q.," that the + first <!-- Page 562 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page562"></a>{562}</span>Turkish and Russian grammars published in + this country appeared at Oxford; the Turkish, by <span class="correction" + title="Original reads `Leaman', corrected by errata in Issue 218." + >Seaman</span>, in 1670, and the Russian, by Ludolf, in 1696. Both are + written in Latin.</p> + + <p class="author">J. M.</p> + + <p class="address"><i>Oxford.</i></p> + + <p><i>Chronograms in Sicily.</i>—After the opening of the gold + mines at Fiume-di-Nisi, which are now being reworked, the Messinese + struck coins bearing the motto—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"eX VIsCerIbVs MeIs haeC fVnDItVr."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Giving <span class="scac">XVICIVMICVDIV</span>. 1734?</p> + + <p>On a fountain near the church of St. Francesco di Paola:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8hg3">"D. O. M.</p> + <p>Imperante Carlo VI., Vicregente Comite de Palma,</p> + <p class="i3">Gubernante Civitatem Comite de Wallis.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">P. P. P.</p> + <p>Vt aCtIonIbVs nostrIs IVste proCeDaMVs."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Which gives <span class="scac">VCIIVIIVCDMV</span>. 1724.</p> + + <p>The death of Charles, Infanta of Spain, is thus indicated:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"FILIVs ante DIeM patrIos InqVIrIt In annos."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>1568.</p> + + <p class="author">G. E. T. S. R. N.</p> + + <p><i>Stone Pulpits.</i>—A complete list of <i>ancient</i> stone + pulpits in England and Wales would be desirable. Their positions should + be specified; and whether in use or not, should be stated. I have seen + the following:</p> + + <p>Nantwich, Cheshire; at the junction of north transept and chancel (not + used).</p> + + <p>Bristol Cathedral; adjoining one of the north pillars of nave (not + used).</p> + + <p>Wolverhampton Collegiate Church; adjoining one of south pillars of + nave (in use?)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. Kersley, B.A.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Audlem, Nantwich.</p> + + <p><i>Advertisements and Prospectuses.</i>—It is, I believe, the + custom for the most part to make wastepaper of the advertisements and + prospectuses that are usually stitched up, in considerable numbers, with + the popular reviews and magazines. Now, as these adventitious sheets + often contain scraps and fragments of contemporaneous intelligence, + literary and bibliographical, with occasional artistic illustrations, + would it not be well to preserve them, and to bind them up in a separate + form at the end of the year; connecting them with the particular review + or magazine to which they belonged, but describing also the contents of + the volume by a distinct lettering-piece?</p> + + <p>If the work of destruction of such frail, but frequently interesting + records, should go on at the present rate, posterity will be in danger of + losing many valuable data respecting the state of British literature at + different periods, as depicted by a humbler class of documents, employed + by it for the diffusion of its copious productions.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Macray.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>ENGLISH REFUGEES AT YPENSTEIN.</h3> + + <p>When I was at Alkmaar about thirty years ago, I strolled to the + neighbouring village of Heilo, on the road to Limmen, where I saw, + surrounded by a moat, the foundations of the castle of Ypenstein. A view + of this once noble pile is to be found in the well-known work of + Rademaker, <i>Kabinet van Nederlandsche en Kleefsche Oudheden</i>. This + place, as tradition tells, once witnessed the perpetration of a violent + deed. When the son of the unfortunate Charles I. was an exile in our + country, this house Ypenstein was occupied by a family of English + emigrants, high in rank, who lived here for a while in quiet. How far + these exiles were even here secure from the spies of Cromwell appeared on + a certain dark night, after a suspicious vessel had been seen from the + village of Egmond, when an armed band of the Protector's Puritans, led by + a guide, marched over the heath to the house Ypenstein, seized all the + inhabitants, and carried them off, by the way they had come, to the + coast, put them on board, and transported them most probably to England. + In such secresy and silence was this violation of territory and the + rights of hospitality perpetrated, that no one in the neighbourhood + perceived anything of the occurrence, except a miller who saw the troop + crossing the pathless heath in the direction of the coast, but could not + conceive what had brought so many persons together in such a place at + midnight.</p> + + <p>I would gladly learn whether anything is known of this transaction; + and if so, where I may find farther particulars of this English family, + their probable political importance, &c. To investigate the truth of + this tradition, that we may acquit or convict the far-famed Cromwell of + so foul a crime, cannot certainly be untimely now that two celebrated + learned men have undertaken to vindicate his memory.—From the + <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Inquaeritor.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Petrarch's Laura.</i>—Mr. Mathews, in his <i>Diary of an + Invalid in Italy, &c.</i>, p. 380., in speaking of the outrages and + indignities which, during the Revolution, were committed throughout + France on the remains of the dead, and were amongst the most revolting of + its horrors, mentions, on the authority of a fellow-passenger, an + eye-witness, that the body of Petrarch's Laura had been seen exposed to + the most brutal indignities in the streets of Avignon. He told Mr. + Mathews that <!-- Page 563 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page563"></a>{563}</span>it had been embalmed, and was found in a + mummy state, of a dark brown colour. I have not met with any mention of + these these circumstances elsewhere. Laura is stated to have died of the + plague (which seems to render it unlikely that her body was embalmed): + and according to Petrarch's famous note on his MS. of Virgil, she was + buried the same day, after vespers, in the church of the Cordeliers. The + date was April 1, 1348. That church was long celebrated for her tomb, + which contained also the body of Hugues de Sade, her husband. The edifice + is stated to be ruined, its very site being converted into a + fruit-garden; but the tomb is said to be still entire under the ground: + and more than twenty years after the French Revolution, a small cypress + was pointed out as marking the spot where Laura was interred.</p> + + <p>Is the circumstance of the desecration of her tomb mentioned by any + other writer? If it really took place, are we to conclude that the + tree—if it still exists—marks only the place where she had + been interred: for, that the body was rescued and recommitted to the + tomb, can hardly be supposed?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Sidney Gibson.</span></p> + + <p>"<i>Epitaphium Lucretiæ.</i>"—The following lines are offered + for insertion, not because I doubt their being known to many of your + readers, but with a view to ask the name of the author:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4hg3">"<i>Epitaphium Lucretiæ.</i></p> + <p>Dum foderet ferro tenerum Lucretia pectus</p> + <p class="i1">Sanguinis et torrens egrederetur: ait,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Accedant testes me non cessisse tyranno</p> + <p class="i1hg1">'Ante virum sanguis, spiritus ante Deos.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>M‘Dowall Family.</i>—More than a century ago there was + a family (since extinct) of the name of M‘Dowall, in the county + Cavan, Ireland, belonging to some branch of the ancient and noble + Scottish family of that name, who had migrated to these shores. Perhaps + some of your readers could inform me as to what branch they belonged, and + when they settled in Ireland, as also if there be any pedigree of them + extant, as I am very anxious to learn something of them at all + events?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Gulielmus.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + + <p><i>Arms of Geneva.</i>—Will any of your correspondents oblige me + with a technical blazon of the arms of the town of Geneva?</p> + + <p class="author">F. F. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Bury St. Edmunds.</p> + + <p><i>Webb of Monckton Farleigh.</i>—Perhaps some reader of "N. + & Q." would be so good as to inform me what were the arms, crest, and + motto of the Webbs of Monckton Farleigh, co. Wilts; also, if there be any + pedigree of them extant, and where it is to be found; or otherwise would + direct me what would be my best means to ascertain some account of that + family, who are now represented by the Duke of Somerset?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henri.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + + <p><i>Translation Wanted.</i>—Can any of your correspondents inform + me where I may meet with a translation by the Rev. F. Hodgson, late + Provost of Eton, &c., of the <i>Atys</i> of Catllus?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.</span></p> + + <p><i>Latin Translation from Sheridan, &c.</i>—My treacherous + memory retains one line only of each of two translations into Latin + verse, admirably done, of two well-known pieces of English poetry. The + first from a song by Sheridan, of the lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nor can I believe it then,</p> + <p>Till it gently press again."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Conscia ni dextram dextera pressa premat."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The second:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Man wants but little here below,</p> + <p class="i1">Nor wants that little long."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>is thus rendered:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Poscimus in terris pauca, nec illa diù."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>If in the circle of your correspondents the complete translations can + be furnished, you will by their insertion, gratify other lovers of modern + Latin poetry besides</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Gale of Rent.</i>—I can imagine what is meant by a <i>gale of + rent</i>, and be thankful I have not to pay one. But what is the origin + of the term <i>gale</i> as thus applied?</p> + + <p class="author">Y. B. N. J.</p> + + <p><i>Arms of Sir Richard de Loges.</i>—What were the arms borne by + Sir Richard de Loges, or Lodge, of Chesterton, in the county of Warwick, + temp. Henry IV.?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ln.</span></p> + + <p><i>Gentile Names of the Jews.</i>—Are the Jews known to each + other by their Gentile names of Rothschild, Montefiore, Davis, &c.? + or are these only their <i>nommes de guerre</i>, assumed and abandoned at + will on change of country?</p> + + <p class="author">G. E. T. S. R. N.</p> + + <p><i>Henry, Earl of Wotton</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 173. 281.).—The + editors of the <i>Navorscher</i> express their thanks to <span + class="sc">Broctuna</span> for his reply to their Query, but hope he will + kindly increase their debt of gratitude by elucidating three points which + seem to them obscure:</p> + + <p>1. Which Lord Stanhope died childless? Not Henry, Lord Stanhope, for + he (see p. 281.) left a son and two daughters; nor yet Philip, for his + widow had borne him daughters. Or have we wrongly understood the letters + <i>s. p.</i> to signify <i>sine prole</i>?</p> + + <p>2. Was it the Earl of Chesterfield, half-brother of Charles Henry van + den Kerckhove, or Charles <!-- Page 564 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page564"></a>{564}</span>Stanhope his nephew, who took the name of + Wotton?</p> + + <p>3. Knight's <i>National Cyclopædia of Useful Knowledge</i> (vol. xi. + p. 374.) names James Stanhope, Earl Stanhope, the eldest son of the Hon. + Alexander Stanhope, second son of Philip Stanhope, first Earl of + Chesterfield. Had the latter then, besides the above-named (see p. 281.) + Henry, Lord Stanhope, also other sons?</p> + + <p><i>Kicker-eating.</i>—Can any of your West Yorkshire readers + supply me with information relative to a practice which is said formerly + to have prevailed at Cleckheaton, of eating "kicker," or horseflesh? It + is a fact that natives of that locality who come to reside at Leeds are + still subjected to the opprobrium of being <i>kicker-eaters</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">H. W.</p> + + <p><i>Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. Lancashire.</i>—When did the + family of Chadderton become extinct? Had Edmund Chadderton, son and heir + of George Chadderton by Jane Warren of Poynton, any descendants? and if + so, what were their names and the dates of their respective births, + marriages, and deaths? In short, any particulars relating to them down to + the period of the extinction of this family would be most acceptable.</p> + + <p class="author">J. B.</p> + + <p><i>George, first Viscount Lanesborough, and Sir Charles + Cotterell.</i>—G. S. S. begs to submit the following questions to + the readers of "N. & Q.:" When did George Lane, first Viscount + Lanesborough, in Ireland, die? And when Sir Charles Cotterell, the + translator of <i>Cassandra?</i> Where were they both buried?</p> + + <p><i>"Firm was their faith," &c.</i>—Who was the writer of + those beautiful lines, of which the following, the only verse I remember, + is a portion?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Firm was their faith, the ancient bands,</p> + <p>The wise in heart, in wood and stone,</p> + <p>Who rear'd with stern and trusting hands,</p> + <p>The dark grey towers of days unknown.</p> + <p>They fill'd those aisles with many a thought,</p> + <p>They bade each nook some truth recall,</p> + <p>The pillar'd arch its legend brought,</p> + <p>A doctrine came with roof and wall!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And where can they be met with entire?</p> + + <p class="author">P. M.</p> + + <p><i>The Mother of William the Conqueror.</i>—Can you or any of + your correspondents say which is right? In Debrett's <i>Peerage</i> for + 1790 the genealogy of the Marchioness Grey gives her descent from "Rollo + or Fulbert, who was chamberlain to Robert, Duke of Normandy; and of his + gift had the castle and manor of Croy in Picardy, whence his posterity + assumed their surname, afterwards written de Grey. Which Rollo had a + daughter Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror." Now history says that + the mother of the Conqueror was Arlette or Arlotte, the daughter of a + tanner at Falaise. We know how scrupulous the Norman nobility were in + their genealogical records; and likewise that in the lapse of time + mistakes are perpetuated and become history. Can history in this instance + be wrong? and if so, how did the mistake arise? I shall feel obliged to + any one who can furnish farther information on the subject.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alpha.</span></p> + + <p><i>Pedigree of Sir Francis Bryan.</i>—This accomplished + statesman, and ornament of Henry VIII.'s reign, married Joan of Desmond, + Countess Dowager of Ormonde, and died childless in Ireland <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1550. Query, Did any cadet of his family + accompany him to that country? I found a Louis Bryan settled in the + county of Kilkenny in Elizabeth's reign, and suspect that he came in + through the connexion of Sir F. Bryan with the Ormonde family. Any + information as to the arms and pedigree of Sir F. Bryan will greatly + oblige</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kilkenny.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p>"<i>The Whole Duty of Man.</i>"—Of what nature is the testimony + that this book was written by Dorothy Coventry, "the good Lady + Pakington?"</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Quæsitor.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The supposition that Lady Packington was the author of <i>The Whole + Duty of Man</i>, arose from a copy of it in her handwriting having been + found at Westwood after her death. (Aubrey's <i>Letters</i>, vol. ii. p. + 125.) But the strongest evidence in favour of Lady Packington is the + following note: "Oct. 13, 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, in + Nottinghamshire, in the presence of William Thornton, Esq., and his lady, + Mrs. Heathcote, Mrs. Ashe, Mrs. Caulton, and John Hewit, Rector of + Harthill, declared the words following: 'Nov. 5, 1689. At Shire-Oaks, + Mrs. Eyre took me up into her chamber after dinner, and told me that her + daughter Moyser, of Beverley, was dead. Among other things concerning the + private affairs of the family, she told me who was the author of <i>The + Whole Duty of Man</i>, at the same time pulling out of a private drawer a + MS. tied together, and stitched in 8vo., which she declared was the + original copy written by Lady Packington her mother, who disowned ever + having written the other books imputed to be by the same author, + excepting <i>The Decay of Christian Piety</i>. She added, too, that it + had been perused in MS. by Dr. Covel, Master of Trinity College, + Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Prebendary of York, and Mr. Banks, Rector of the + Great Church at Hull.' Mr. Caulton declared this upon his death-bed, two + days before his decease. W. T. and J. H." This is quoted from the Rev. + W. B. Hawkins's Introduction to Pickering's edition of 1842; and a + similar account, with unimportant variations, is given in "N. & Q.," + Vol. ii. p. 292.: see also Vol. v., p. 229., and Vol. vi., p. 537.]</p> + +</div> + +<p><!-- Page 565 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page565"></a>{565}</span></p> + + <p><i>"It rained cats and dogs and little + pitchforks."</i>—<i>Helter-skelter.</i>—What can be the + origin of this saying? I can imagine that rain may descend with such + sharpness and violence as to cause as much destruction as a shower of + "pitchforks" would; but if any of your readers can tell me why heavy rain + should be likened to "cats and dogs," I shall be truly obliged. Many + years ago I saw a most cleverly drawn woodcut, of a party of travellers + encountering this imaginary shower; some of the animals were descending + helter-skelter from the clouds; others wreaking their vengeance on the + amazed wayfarers, while the "pitchforks" were running into the bodies of + the terrified party, while they were in vain attempting to run out of the + way of those which were threatening to fall upon their heads, and thus + striking them to the ground. So strange an idea must have had some + peculiar origin.—Can you or your readers say what it is?</p> + + <p class="author">M. E. C.</p> + + <p>P. S.—I find I have used a word above, of which every one knows + the <i>signification</i>, "helter-skelter;" but I, for one, confess + myself ignorant of its <i>derivation</i>. And I shall be glad to be + informed on the subject.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[As to the etymology of <i>helter-skelter</i>, Sir John Stoddart + remarks, "The real origin of the word is obscure. If we suppose the + principal meaning to be in the first part, it may probably come from the + Islandic <i>hilldr</i> pugna; if in the latter part, it may be from the + German <i>schalten</i>, to thrust forward, which in the dialect of the + north of England means 'to scatter and throw abroad as molehills are when + levelled;' or from <i>skeyl</i>, which in the same dialect is 'to push on + one side, to overturn.'"]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Father Traves.</i>—Can any of your Lancashire readers refer + me to a source whence I might obtain information on matters pertaining to + the life of one Father Travers [Traves], the friend and correspondent of + the celebrated martyr John Bradford?</p> + + <p>As yet I have but met with the incidental mention of his name in the + pages of Fox, and in Hollingworth's <i>Mancuensis</i>, pp. 75, 76.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Jesuit.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The name is spelt by Fox sometimes Traves and sometimes Travers; but + who he was there is no particular mention; except that it appears from + Bradford's letters that he was some friend of the family, and from the + superscription to one of them, that he was the minister of Blackley, near + Manchester, in which place, or near to which, Bradford's mother must then + have resided. Strype says, he was a learned and pious gentleman, his + patron and counsellor.—<i>Mem. Eccles.</i>, vol. iii. part <span + class="scac">I.</span> p. 364.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Precise Dates of Births and Deaths of the + Pretenders.</i>—Will any one be so kind as to tell me the date of + the birth and death of James VIII. and his son Charles III. (commonly + called Prince Charles Edward Stuart)? These dates are given so variously, + that I am anxious to ascertain them correctly.</p> + + <p class="author">L. M. M. R.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We believe the following to be the precise dates:—James VIII., + born June 10, 1688; died January 2, 1765-6. Charles Edward, born December + 20, 1720 (sometimes printed as New Style, Dec. 31); died January 31, + 1788.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Clarence.</i>—Whence the name of this dukedom? Was the title + borne by any one before the time of Lionel, son of Edward III.?</p> + + <p class="author">W. T. M.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The title <span class="sc">Clarence</span> was, as we learn from + Camden (<i>Britannia</i>, edit. Gough, vol. ii. pp. 73, 74.), derived + from the honour of Clare, in Suffolk; and was <i>first</i> borne by + Lionel Plantagenet, third son of Edward III., who married Elizabeth de + Burgh, daughter and heir of William, Earl of Ulster, and obtained with + her the honour of Clare. He became, <i>jure uxoris</i>, Earl of Ulster, + and was created, September 15, 1362, Duke of Clarence.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>MACKEY'S "THEORY OF THE EARTH".</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 468.)</p> + + <p>About the year 1827, when the prosecutions for blasphemy were leading + hundreds and thousands to see what could be said against Christianity, + with a very powerful bias to make the most of all that they could find, + some friends of mine, of more ingenuity than erudition, strongly + recommended to my attention the works of a shoemaker at Norwich, named + Mackey, who they said was more learned than any one else, and had + completely shown up <i>the thing</i>. It is worth a note that I perfectly + remember the cause of their excitement to have been the imprisonment of + the Rev. Robert Taylor, for publishing various arguments against + revelation. I examined several works of Mackey's, and I have yet one or + two bound up among my wonders of nature and art. As in time to come, when + neither love nor money will procure a copy of these books, some tradition + may set inquirers looking after them, perhaps it may be worth while to + preserve a couple of extracts for the benefit of those who have the sense + to hunt the index of "N. & Q." before they give up anything.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Virgin Andromeda, the daughter of <i>Cepheus</i> and + <i>Cassiopeia</i>, was the representative of Palestina; a long, narrow, + rocky strip of land; figuratively called the daughter of Rocks and + Mountains; because it is a country abounding with rocks and stones. And + the Greeks, really supposing <i>Cepha</i>, a rock or stone, to have been + the young ladies father, added their sign of the masculine gender to it, + and it became Cepha-<i>us</i>. And mount Cassius being its southern + boundary was called <i>Cassiobi</i>; from its being also the boundary of + the <i>overflowed Nile</i>, called Obi, which the Greeks <!-- Page 566 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page566"></a>{566}</span>softened into + <i>Cassiopeia</i>, and supposed it to have been her + mother;..."—<i>Mythological Astronomy, part second</i>, Norwich, + 1823, 12mo., p. xiii.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The story of <span class="sc">Abraham</span>, notwithstanding all the + endeavours of theologians to give it the appearance of the history of + human beings, has preserved its mythological features with an outline and + colouring, easily to be recognised by every son of <i>Urania</i> [Ur of + the Chaldees is subsequently made to contain the root of <i>Uranus</i>]. + We have just seen that the Egyptians have their harvest about the time + which the sun <i>passes over</i> the equator, and if we go back to the + time of <i>Abraham</i> we shall find that the equator [perhaps he means + equinox] was in <i>Taurus</i>; the Egyptians must, then, have had their + harvest while the sun was in the Bull; the Bull was, therefore, in their + figurative way of speaking, the father of harvest, not only because he + ploughed the ground, but because the sun was there when they got in their + harvest: thus the Bull was doubly distinguished as their benefactor; he + was now, more than ever, become the <i>Bull of life</i>, i. e. he was not + only called <i>Abir</i>, the Bull, but <i>Abir-am</i> or Ab'-r-am, the + <i>Bull of life</i>,—the father of harvest. And as their harvest + was originally under the direction of Iseth, or Isis, whatever belonged + to harvest was <i>Isiac</i>; but the Bull, <i>Abiram</i>, was now become + the <i>father of Isiac</i>! and to give this the appearance of a human + descent, they added to Abir, the masculine affix <i>ah</i>; then it + became <span class="sc">Ab'-rh-am</span> who was the father of Isiac. And + we actually find <i>this equivoque</i> in the hebrew history of + <i>Abram</i> whom the Lord afterwards called <i>Abraham</i>, who was the + <i>father of Isaac</i>, whose seed was to be countless as the sand on the + sea-shore for multitude; even this is truly applied to <i>Isiac</i> the + offspring of Ab'-rh-am; for countless indeed are the offspring of the + <i>scythe and sickle</i>! but if we allow <i>Isiac</i> to be a <i>real + son of Ab-rah-am</i> we must enquire after his <i>mother</i>. During the + time that the equator [perhaps he means the sun] is passing through the + constellation of the Bull in the spring, the Bull would <i>rise in the + east</i> every morning in the harvest time, in Egypt,—but in the + <i>poetical language of the ancients</i>, it would be said that, when + <span class="sc">Abir-am</span> <i>consorts</i> with <i>Aurora</i> he + will produce <i>Isiac</i>. But <i>Aurora</i> is well known to be the + <i>golden splendour of the east</i>, and the brightness of the east is + called <i>Zara</i>, and the morning star is <i>Serah</i>, in the eastern + languages, and we find a similar change of sound in the name of Isaac's + mother, whom the Lord would no longer call <i>Sarai</i> but Sarah. + <i>These</i> <span class="scac">ARE</span> remarkable + coincidences!"—<i>Companion to the Mythological Astronomy</i>, + Norwich, 1824, 12mo. pp. 177-179.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p>In answer to the inquiry respecting this singular man, I beg to say + that I remember him between the years 1826 and 1830, as a shoemaker in + Norwich. He was in a low rank of trade, and in poor circumstances, which + he endeavoured to improve by exhibiting at private houses an orrery of + his own making. He was recognised as a "genius;" but, as may be seen by + his writings, had little reverence for established forms of belief. At + the period of which I speak, which was soon after the publication of his + first work, I knew but little of his mind, and lost sight of him + altogether till about 1840. Then circumstances connected with my own line + of study led me to call on him in Doughty's Hospital, Norwich, an asylum + for aged persons. I found him surrounded by astronomical apparatus, + books, the tools of his former trade, and all kinds of strange litters. + In the conversation that ensued, I learned much of the workings of his + mind; though his high self-appreciation could not descend to unreserved + converse with a woman. My object was, to ascertain by what steps he had + arrived at his theory of the earth's motion, but I could gain nothing + distinct. He mentioned the <i>Asiatic Researches</i> as containing vast + information on his peculiar subject; quoted Latin, and I think Greek, + authors; and seemed to place great dependence on Maurice and Bryant; but, + above all, on Capt. Wilford's <i>Essays</i>. He showed me some elaborate + calculations, at which he was then working and still fancied himself + qualified, perhaps destined, to head a great revolution in the + astronomical world. I cannot say how far his knowledge of geology went, + as I am not well acquainted with that science. He had evidently read and + studied deeply, but alone; his own intellect had never been brushed by + the intellects and superior information of truly scientific men, and it + appeared to me that a vast deal of dirt, real dirt, had accumulated in + his mind. My visit disappointed and pained me, but he seemed gratified, + and I therefore promised to call again, which I did, but he was not at + home. I think this visit was soon after he had removed into the hospital, + for I then purchased his last work, <i>The Age of Mental + Emancipation</i>, published 1836, before he obtained that asylum. He died + before 1849, but I do not know the exact year.</p> + + <p>In any next visit to Norwich, I will make inquiries on all points + relating to Mackey, of the very few persons now left who took interest in + him, and I think I can find the printer of his last pamphlet.</p> + + <p>I have not the work mentioned in "N. & Q.;" but, besides his last + work, I have <i>The Mythological Astronomy of the Ancients + demonstrated</i>, which is partly in poetry.</p> + + <p>I have been obliged to write this Note in the first person, as I can + give only my own impressions respecting Mackey; and I wish that ere this + you may have received clearer information from more competent persons. If + your Querist have the <i>least grain</i> of faith in the theory of + Mackey, I hope he will not let the subject drop, for I have long been + deeply interested in it.</p> + + <p class="author">F. C. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Diss.</p> + + <p>Mackey, of whom your correspondent inquires, was an entirely + self-educated man, but a learned shoemaker, residing in Norwich. He + devoted all his leisure time to astronomical, geological, and <!-- Page + 567 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page567"></a>{567}</span>philological pursuits; and had some share + in the formation of a society in his native town, for the purpose of + debating questions relative to these sciences. I have understood that he + was for some time noticed by a small portion of the scientific world, but + afterwards neglected, as, from his own account, he appears also to have + been by his literary fellow townsmen; and at last to have died in a + Norwich alms-house. This is but a meagre account of the man, but it is + possible that I may be able to glean farther particulars on the subject; + for a medical friend of mine, who some time ago lent me <i>Mythological + Astronomy</i>, promised to let me see some papers in his possession + relative to this learned shoemaker's career, and to a few of his + unpublished speculations. When I have an opportunity of seeing these, I + shall be glad to communicate to your correspondent through "N. & Q." + anything of interest. The title-page of <i>Mythological Astronomy</i> + runs thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Mythological Astronomy of the Ancients demonstrated by restoring + to their Fables and Symbols their Original Meanings. By Sampson Arnold + Mackey, Shoemaker. Norwich: printed by R. Walker, near the Duke's Palace. + Published May 1, 1822, by S. A. Mackey, Norwich."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The book contains a variety of subjects, but principally treats of the + Hindoo, Greek, and Roman mythology; and endeavours to deduce all the + fables and symbols of the ancients from the starry sphere. It also + contains a singular hypothesis of the author's upon the celebrated island + of Atlantis, mentioned by Plato and other Greek authors; and some very + curious speculations concerning the doctrine of the change in the angle + which the plane of the ecliptic makes with the plane of the equator.</p> + + <p>Urania's <i>Key to the Revelations</i> is bound up with the above + work. I forgot to say that his <i>Ancient Mythology demonstrated</i> is + written in verse, and afterwards more fully explained by notes. His + poetical abilities, however, neither suit the subject, nor are of a very + high order. His prose is better, but here and there shows the deficiency + of education.</p> + + <p class="author">E. M. R.</p> + + <p class="address">Grantham.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SINCERE, SIMPLE, SINGULAR.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328. 399.)</p> + + <p>When a hive of bees is taken, the practice is to lay the combs upon a + sieve over some vessel, in only that the honey may drain out of the + combs. Whilst the combs are in the hive, they hang perpendicularly, and + each cell is horizontal; and in this position the honey in the cells + which are in the course of being filled does not run out; but when the + combs are laid on the sieve horizontally, the cells on the lower side of + the combs hang perpendicularly, and then the honey begins to run out of + those that are not sealed up. The honey that so runs out is perfectly + pure, and free from wax. The cells, however, that are sealed up with wax + still retain their honey; and the ordinary process to extract it is to + place the sieve with the combs upon it so near a fire as gradually to + melt the wax, so as to let the honey escape. During this process, some + portion of wax unavoidably gets mixed with the honey. Here then we have + two kinds of honey: one in a perfectly pure state, and wholly <i>sine + cerâ</i>; the other in some degree impure, and mixed <i>cum cerâ</i>. Can + anything be more reasonable than to suppose that the former was called + <i>sincerum mel</i>, just as we call it virgin honey? And this accords + with Ainsworth's derivation, "ex sine et cerâ: ut mel purum dicitur quod + cerâ non est permixtum." If it be said that there is nothing to show that + the old Romans adopted the process I have described, I reply it is + immaterial what process they followed in order to extract what would not + flow out of itself; as whatever did flow out of itself would be <i>mel + sine cerâ</i>.</p> + + <p>If such were the origin of the term, it is easy to see how + appropriately, in a secondary sense, it would denote whatever was pure, + sweet, unadulterated, and ingenuous.</p> + + <p>Now if we apply this sense to the line:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Sincerum est nisi vas quodcunque infundis acescit,"—</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>it will mean, "unless the vessel be sweet and pure, it will turn + whatever you pour into it sour."</p> + + <p>This is the interpretation that has always hitherto been put upon the + line; which is thus translated by Tommaso Gargallo, vol. iii. p. 19. + edit. 1820:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Se non è puro il vase, ecco già guasto</p> + <p>Che che v' infondi."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And by Francis (vol. iv. p. 27., 6th edit.):—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"For tainted vessels sour what they contain."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The context shows that this is the correct translation, as <i>sincerum + vas</i> is obviously in opposition to "auriculas <i>collectâ sorde</i> + dolentes," in the preceding line.</p> + + <p>The line itself plainly refers to the well-known fact, that if wine or + other liquor be poured into a foul vessel, it will be polluted by it. Nor + can I avoid noticing the elegant opposition, according to this + construction, between the sweetness in <i>sincerum</i>, and the acidity + in <i>acescit</i>.</p> + + <p>I also think that <span class="sc">Mr. Inglesby's</span> version + cannot be correct for the following reason. Cracks may exist in every + part of a vessel alike; and as the part filled by the liquor is always + many times greater than the remainder of the vessel, cracks would more + frequently occur in the former; and, as where air can get in the liquor + can get out, it <!-- Page 568 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page568"></a>{568}</span>is plain that in the majority of instances + the liquor would run away instead of turning sour. Now the line plainly + contains a <i>general</i> affirmative proposition that all liquor + whatsoever will be turned sour, unless the vessel be <i>sincerum</i>; and + therefore that version cannot be right which applies only to a few + instances.</p> + + <p>"Sincerum cupimus vas incrustare" is well rendered by Gargallo (vol. + ii. p. 37.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . . Insudiciar bramiamo</p> + <p>Anco il vase più puro;"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>and by Francis (vol. iii. p. 39.):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And joy th' untainted vessel to begrime."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The passage is well explained in the note to Baxter's <i>Hor.</i> (p. + 310. edit. 1809):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Incrustari vas dicitur cum aliquo vitioso succo illinitur atque + inquinatur."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And the passage in the 18th satire of Lucilius shows that this is an + accurate explanation:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . . . Regionibus illis</p> + <p>Incrustatu' calix rutâ caulive bibetur."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>A practice, I rather think, prevails in some parts of England of + rubbing the inside of a vessel with sweet herbs, in order to flavour + cyder or other liquor.</p> + + <p>It appears from the same note:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Fracta vasa et gypsare et pelliculare Veteres consuevêre. Gypsantur + et pelliculantur vasa plena ad aëra et sordes excludendas. Sincerum + proprie mel sine cerâ, vel, quod magis huc pertinet, vas non ceratum: nam + a ceraturâ odorem vel saporem trahit."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>If these passages show the practice of sealing vessels with wax, they + also show that the wax was what affected the flavour of the liquor.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Jeffcock</span> plainly errs in saying that + <i>simplex</i> "does not mean without a fold, but once folded." In Latin + we have the series <i>simplex</i>, <i>duplex</i>, <i>triplex</i>, + &c., corresponding precisely to the English <i>single</i>, + <i>double</i>, <i>treble</i>, &c. And as <i>single</i> denotes a + thing without a fold, so does <i>simplex</i>. <span class="sc">Mr. + Jeffcock's</span> derivation would make <i>simplex</i> and <i>duplex</i> + mean the same thing. Now <i>duplex</i> does not mean twice folded, but + double.</p> + + <p>Nor can I think that <i>singulus</i> can be "semel and termination." + Ainsworth derives it from the Hebrew <span lang="he" class="heb" + title="SGLH" ><bdo + dir="rtl">סגלה</bdo></span>‎, which + denotes whatever is peculiar or singular. It occurs to me to suggest + whether it may not be derived from <i>sine angulis</i>. The term denotes + unity—one person, one thing. Now the Roman mark for one is a + straight line, and that is "that which lies evenly between its extreme + points;" it is emphatically a line without bend, angle, or + turning—"linea sine <span class="correction" title="Original reads `angulus', corrected by errata in Issue 218." + >angulis</span>:" <i>angulus</i>, like its Greek original, denoting any + bend, whether made by a straight or curved line.</p> + + <p>Though I cannot at this moment refer to any other Latin words + compounded of <i>sine</i>, we have in Spanish <i>simpar</i>, without + equal: <i>sinigual</i>, <i>sinjusticia</i>, <i>sinrazon</i>, + <i>sinnumero</i>, <i>sinsabor</i>.</p> + + <p>The delight I take in endeavouring to attain the correct meaning of + the classics will, I hope, form some apology for the length of this + Note.</p> + + <p class="author">S. G. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 242.)</p> + + <p>In an old collection of tavern signs of the last century, among many + others I find the following. On the sign of the "Arrow," at Knockholt, in + Kent,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Charles Collins liveth here,</p> + <p>Sells rum, brandy, gin, and beer;</p> + <p>I made this board a little wider,</p> + <p>To let you know I sell good cyder."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>On the sign of the "Shoulder of Mutton and Cat," at Hackney, in + Middlesex,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Pray Puss don't tear,</p> + <p>For the mutton is so dear;</p> + <p>Pray Puss don't claw,</p> + <p>For the mutton yet is raw."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>On the sign of the "Gate," at Blean Hill, in Kent,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Stop, brave boys, and <i>squench</i> your thirst,</p> + <p>If you won't drink, the horses must."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>On the sign of the "Ship in Distress," in Middle Street, Brighton, + Sussex,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"With sorrows I am compass'd round;</p> + <p>Pray lend a hand, my ship's aground."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>On the sign of the "Waggon and Horses," in Black Lion Street, + Brighthelmstone,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Long have I travers'd both far and near,</p> + <p>On purpose to find out good beer,</p> + <p>And at last I found it here."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ruby.</span></p> + + <p>At a small way-side beer-shop in the parish of Werrington in the + county of Devon, a few years since there was the following sign:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4hg3">"The Lengdon Inn, kept by M. Vuller.</p> + <p>Gentlemen walk in and sit at your aise,</p> + <p>Pay for what you call for, and call for what you plaise;</p> + <p>As tristing of late has been to my sorrow,</p> + <p>Pay me to-day and I'll tristee to-morrow."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J. D.</p> + + <p class="address">Launceston.</p> + + <p>Not far from Kilpeck, Herefordshire, I have seen a wayside + public-house, exhibiting the sign of the "Oak," under which is the + following couplet:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I am an oak, and not a yew,</p> + <p>So drink a cup with good John Pugh."</p> + </div> + </div> + +<p><!-- Page 569 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page569"></a>{569}</span></p> + + <p>As "good John Pugh" sold excellent cider, I did not repent complying + with the injunction.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Bernhard Smith.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Temple.</p> + + <p>This is at a roadside public-house near Maidenhead, known by the sign + of the "Gate." It is thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"This gate hangs high,</p> + <p class="i1">It hinders none;</p> + <p>Drink hearty, boys,</p> + <p class="i1">And travel on."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I remember a sign near Marlborough of the "Red Cow," and the landlord, + being also a milkman, had inscribed under the rude drawing of a cow these + lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The Red Cow</p> + <p>Gives good milk now."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Newburiensis.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>HOMO UNIUS LIBRI.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 440.)</p> + + <p>I have not verified in the works of St. Thomas this saying ascribed to + him, but I subjoin a passage from Bishop Taylor, where it is quoted:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A river cut into many rivulets divides also its strength, and grows + contemptible and apt to be forded by a lamb and drunk up by a summer sun; + so is the spirit of man busied in variety, and divided in itself; it + abates its fervour, cools into indifferency, and becomes trifling by its + dispersion and inadvertency. Aquinas was once asked, with what compendium + a man might best become learned? He answered, <i>By reading of one + book</i>; meaning that an understanding entertained with several objects + is intent upon neither, and profits not." —<i>Life of Christ</i>, + part ii. s. xii. 16.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>He also quotes Ecclus (xi. 10.), St. Gregory, St. Bernard, Seneca, + Quintillian, and Juvenal to the same purpose.</p> + + <p>Southey quotes part of this passage from Bishop Taylor (in the + <i>Doctor</i>) and adds:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Lord Holland's poet, the prolific Lope de Vega, tells us to the same + purport. The <i>Homo Unius Libri</i> is indeed proverbially formidable to + all conversational figurantes: like your sharpshooter, he knows his + piece, and is sure of his shot."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The truth of this dictum of St. Thomas cannot be too much insisted on + in this age of many books, which affords such incentives to literary + dissipation and consequent shallowness.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"An intellectual man, as the world now conceives of him, is one who is + full of 'views,' on all subjects of philosophy, on all matters of the + day. It is almost thought a disgrace not to have a view at a moment's + notice on any question from the Personal Advent to the Cholera or + Mesmerism. This is owing in a great measure to the necessities of + periodical literature, now so much in request. Every quarter of a year, + every month every day, there must be a supply for the gratification of + the public, of new and luminous theories on the subjects of religion, + foreign politics, home politics, civil economy, finance, trade, + agriculture, emigration, and the colonies. Slavery, the gold fields, + German philosophy, the French empire, Wellington, Peel, Ireland, must all + be practised on, day after day, by what are called original + thinkers."—<i>Dr. Newman's Disc. on Univ. Educ.</i>, p. xxv. + (preface).</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This writer follows up the subject very ably, and his remarks on that + spurious philosophism which shows itself in what, for want of a better + word, he calls "viewiness," are worth the attention of all <i>homines + unius libri</i>.</p> + + <p>P.S.—As I think of it, I shall make a cognate Query. Some + facetious opponent of the schoolmen fathered on St. Thomas Aquinas an + imaginary work in sundry folio volumes entitled <i>De Omnibus Rebus</i>, + adding an equally bulky and imaginary supplement—<i>Et Quibusdam + Aliis</i>. This is as often used to feather a piece of unfledged wit, as + the speculation concerning the number of angels that could dance on the + point of a needle, and yet I have never been able to trace out the + inventor of these visionary tomes.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE FORLORN HOPE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 411.)</p> + + <p>My attention was directed to the consideration of this expression some + years ago when reading in John Dymmoks' <i>Treatise of Ireland</i>, + written about the year 1600, and published among the <i>Tracts relating + to Ireland, printed for the Irish Archæological Society</i>, vol. ii., + the following paragraph:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Before the vant-guard marched the <i>forelorn hope</i>, consisting of + forty shott and twenty shorte weapons, with order that they should not + discharge untill they presented theire pieces to the rebells' breasts in + their trenches, and that sooddenly the short weapons should enter the + trenches pell mell: vpon eyther syde of the vant-guarde (which was + observed in the batle and reare-guarde) marched wings of shott enterlyned + with pikes, to which were sent secondes with as much care and diligence + as occasion required. The baggage, and a parte of the horse, marched + before the battell; the rest of the horse troopes fell in before the + <i>rearewarde</i> except thirty, which, in the head of the <i>rearelorne + hope</i>, conducted by Sir Hen. Danvers, made the retreit of the whole + army."—P.32.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The terms <i>rearelorne hope</i> and <i>forlorne hope</i> occur + constantly in the same work, and bear the same signification as in the + foregoing.</p> + + <p>Remarking upon this circumstance to my friend the late Dr. Graves, he + wrote the following notice of the word in the <i>Dublin Quarterly Journal + of Medical Science</i>, of which I was then the editor, in Feb. 1849:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Military and civil writers of the present day seem quite ignorant of + the true meaning of the words <!-- Page 570 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page570"></a>{570}</span><i>forlorn hope</i>. The adjective has + nothing to do with despair, nor the substantive with the 'charmer which + lingers still behind;' there was no such poetical depth in the words as + originally used. Every corps marching in any enemy's country had a small + body of men at the head (<i>haupt</i> or <i>hope</i>) of the advanced + guard; and which was termed the <i>forlorne hope</i> (<i>lorn</i> being + here but a termination similar to <i>ward</i> in <i>forward</i>), while + another small body at the head of the rere guard was called the + <i>rear-lorn hope</i> (xx.). A reference to Johnson's <i>Dictionary</i> + proves that civilians were misled as early as the time of Dryden by the + mere sound of a technical military phrase; and, in process of time, even + military men forgot the true meaning of the words. It grieves me to sap + the foundations of an error to which we are indebted for Byron's + beautiful line:</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'The full of hope, misnamed <i>forlorn</i>.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. R. Wilde.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>TIECK'S "COMŒDIA DIVINA."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 126.)</p> + + <p>The title-page of this work is: <i>Comœdia Divina, mit drei + Vorreden von Peter Hammer, Jean Paul, und dem Herausgeber</i>, 1808. The + absence of publisher's name and place of publication leaves little doubt + that the name W. G. H. Gotthardt, and the date "Basel, Mai 1, 1808," are + both fictitious.</p> + + <p>But for finding the passage cited by M. M. E. at p. 38., I should have + supposed that the Munich critic had referred to some other book with the + same title. No one who has read this can suppose it was written by Tieck. + The Catholic-romantic school, of which he was the most distinguished + member, furnishes the chief objects of the author's ridicule. Novalis, + Görres, and F. Schlegel are the most prominent; but at p. 128. is an + absurd sonnet "an Tieck."</p> + + <p>The <i>Comœdia Divina</i> is a very clever and somewhat profane + satire, such as Voltaire might have written had he been a German of the + nineteenth century. It opens with Jupiter complaining to Mercury of ennui + (<i>eine langweilige Existenz</i>), and that he is not what he was when + young. Mercury advises a trip to Leipzig fair, where he may get good + medical advice for his gout, and certainly will see something new. They + go, and hear various dealers sing the catalogues of their goods. The + lines quoted by M. M. E. are sung by a young man with a puppet-show and + barrel-organ to the burden:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Orgelum Orgelei,</p> + <p>Dudeldum Dudeldei."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>He exhibits things taken from the physics of Oken, the metaphysics of + Schelling, and the æsthetics of Görres. The whole of the song is good; + and I quote one stanza as showing a sound appreciation of the current + metaphysicians:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Die Intelligenz construirt sich in der Zeit</p> + <p>Als Object, und erkennt sich, und das ist gescheidt,</p> + <p>Denn aus diesen und andern Constructuren</p> + <p>Entstehen Lehrbücher und Professuren."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>They visit the garret of Herr Novalis Octavianus Hornwunder, a maker + of books to order upon every subject: they learn the mysteries of the + manufacture. The scene is clever, but much of the wit is unappreciable as + directed against productions which have not survived. Jupiter, in + compassion to Hornwunder, changes him to a goose, immediately after which + a bookseller enters, and, mistaking the gods for authors, makes them an + offer of six dollars and twelve groschen the octavo volume, besides + something for the kitchen. Jupiter, enraged, changes him to a fox, which + forthwith eats the goose "feathers and all."</p> + + <p>They then go to see the play of the Fall of Man (<i>Der + Sündenfall</i>). The subject is treated after the manner of Hans Sachs, + but with this difference, that the simple-minded old Nuremberger saw + nothing incongruous in making Cain and Abel say their catechism, and Cain + go away from the examination to fight with the low boys in the street; + whereas the author of <i>Der Sündenfall</i> is advisedly irreverent. + Another proof, if one were wanted, that he was not Tieck.</p> + + <p><i>Die Ungöttliche Comödie</i> is not by Batornicki, but translated by + him from the Polish. In the preface he apologises for inelegant German, + as that is not his native language; and I presume he is a Pole, as he + says the author's name is known among us (<i>unter uns</i>). As he calls + it a poem (<i>Dichtung</i>) the original is probably in verse. I think + the Munich critic could have seen only some extracts from the + <i>Comœdia Divina</i>; for, so far from Batornicki "plundering + freely," I do not find any resemblance between the works except in the + sole word <i>comœdia</i>. The <i>Comœdia Divina</i> is a + mockery, not political, but literary, and as such anti-mystic and + conservative. <i>Die Ungöttliche Comödie</i> is wild, mystical, + supernatural, republican, and communistic. It contains passages of great + power, eloquence, and pathos. German critics are often prosy and + inefficient, but not given to wilful misrepresentation or carelessness in + examining the books they review. The writer in the Munich journal must be + held an exception.</p> + + <p class="author">H. B. C.</p> + + <p class="address">U. U. Club.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 571 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page571"></a>{571}</span></p> + +<h3>LIVERIES WORN BY GENTLEMEN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vi., p. 146.; Vol. viii., p. 473.)</p> + + <p>The prevalence of the custom of the liveries of noble and other + persons being worn by others than the retainers of the family, in the + reigns of Henry VI. and Elizabeth, is exemplified by two documents + preserved amongst the MSS. of the corporation of this borough. The first, + which is also curious as a specimen of the language of the period, is an + award under the seal of Margaret of Anjou; under whom, as they had + previously done under Katherine, queen of Henry V., the corporation + farmed the bailiwick of the town:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Margaret, by the grace of God, Quene of England and of Ffraunce and + Lady of Irland, Doughter of the Kyng of Sicile and Jer<span + class="over">l</span><span class="over">m</span>. Be it knawen to all men + to whom this p'sent writyng (endented) shall come, that whereas a certeyn + Co<span class="over">m</span>ission of my fuldoutfull Lord was directed + to c'teyn p<span class="x1"><span class="x4">¯</span></span>sones to + enquere as well of yevyng of lyu'e, as of other diu's articles ... before + the Co<span class="over">m</span>issioners of the seyd Co<span + class="over">m</span>ission it was p'sented by William Neuby and other of + our te<span class="over">n</span><span class="over">n</span>tz of + Leycestre ... that c'teyn p<span class="x1"><span + class="x4">¯</span></span>sones, in Leycestre, had taken clothyng of + diu'rez p'sones, ayenst the forme of the statut; that ys to wete, that + some of hem had taken clothyng of the Viscount Beaumont, and some of + S<sup>r</sup> Edward Grey, Lord Fferrers of Growby, and some of hem had + taken clothyng of other diu'res p<span class="x1"><span + class="x4">¯</span></span>sones, by cause of which p'sentement + diu'res p<span class="x1"><span class="x4">¯</span></span>sones, + some of the houshold of the seyd Lord Fferrers, and some of the clothing + of the said Lord, with other wele wilners to the said Lord, as yet not to + us knawen, by supportac<span class="over">o</span>n and favour, and for + pleasance to the said Lord, as we ben enfo'med ... betyn and sore + woundetyn the said William Neuby, and manesten to bete other of our + te<span class="over">n</span><span class="over">n</span>tz of Leycestre." + ... She doth therefore "ordeyn, deme, and awarde" that the said Lord + Ferrers pay c. marks to William Neuby, that he "be goode lorde to the + said William Neuby; and to all other te<span class="over">n</span><span + class="over">n</span>tz in our lordship of Leycestre; and that the said + lord shall not geve any clothyng or liue'y to any p<span class="x1"><span + class="x4">¯</span></span>sone dwellyng within our said lordship," + &c.... "Yeven the xx day of May, the yere of the reign of my most + douted Lord Kyng Henr' the Sext, xxvii."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The above extracts show one of the evils to which the practice led; + another, mentioned in the deed, was that of deerstealing. William Newby + was mayor of the town in 1425, 1433, and 1444-5.</p> + + <p>The second document is a curious letter from the mayor and some + members of the corporation to George Earl of Huntington, lord-lieutenant + of the county, and a frequent resident in the town, where a part of his + mansion, called "Lord's Place," and in which James I. was entertained, + still exists. The draft of this letter forms part of an interesting + series of correspondence between the corporation and the earl, respecting + the nomination of the parliamentary representatives of the town in + 1601.</p> + + <p>The earl recommended that Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Herrick and Mr. + Bromley should be chosen, and in strong language warned them against + electing Mr. George Belgrave of Belgrave (who had greatly offended him), + as he hears "that Belgrave still contineweth his great practising in + labouring to be chosen;" and he adds, "Goode Mr. Mayor, be carefull of + this, as you and the rest will looke to make accompt of me."</p> + + <p>It appears that many members of the corporation were secretly + favourable to Mr. Belgrave, and he was elected, as explained in the + following letter:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Right Ho<sup>e</sup>, oure humble dewties rem<span + class="over">e</span>berd, &c., may yt please yo<sup>r</sup> good + Lpp. to be c'tified, that upon Tuesday morninge laste, being assembled + for the choice of o<sup>r</sup> Burgesses, Mr. George Belgrave p'sented + himselfe amongest us, in a blewe coat w<sup>th</sup> a bull head, + affirminge and protestinge he was yo<sup>r</sup> L<span + class="over">p</span>'s s'<span class="over">v</span>t, and that + S<sup>r</sup> Henrie Harrington, verye late the night before, had + obteyned that favour of yo<sup>r</sup> ho<sup>r</sup> in his behalfe; and + muche bemoned his former undewtifull cariage towards yo<sup>r</sup> + L<span class="over">p</span>, w<sup>th</sup> a remorsive remembrance of + many most ho. favours receaved from yo<sup>r</sup> L<span + class="over">p</span> and yo<sup>r</sup> house, towards his auncestors, + him, and his; and, recommendinge his former suite to be one of oure + Burgesses, being demanded whether he had any letter from yo<sup>r</sup> + L<span class="over">p</span>, answered, that this (poyntinge at his coat + and cognizance) he hoped was a sufficient testimonie of y<sup>r</sup> + L<span class="over">p</span>'s favour towards him, and of his submission + towards yo<sup>r</sup> ho<sup>r</sup>; and further, that it was so late + before S<sup>r</sup> Henrie cold p<span class="x1"><span + class="x4">¯</span></span>cure yo<sup>r</sup> L<span + class="over">p</span>'s said favour, as that you cold not well write, + and, for the truth of the p<span class="x1"><span + class="x4">¯</span></span>mises, he offered his corporal oathe. + Whereupon we, thinkinge all this to be true, made choyce of him, + w<sup>th</sup> Mr. Will<span class="over">m</span> Herricke, to be + o<sup>r</sup> Burgesses. And now, this evening, wee are credibly + certified that y<sup>r</sup> L<span class="over">p</span> hath geven him + no suche entertaynem<sup>t</sup>; and thus by his said lewde and most + dishonest dealinge, being much abused, we thought it o<sup>r</sup> + dewties forthew<sup>th</sup> to signifie the same unto yo<sup>r</sup> + L<span class="over">p</span>, humbly cravinge yo<sup>r</sup> L<span + class="over">p</span>'s most ho<sup>r</sup>able favor for some + reformac<span class="over">o</span>n of this vile practize. And thus, + w<sup>th</sup> remembrance of oure dewties, wee humbly take o<sup>r</sup> + leaves. From Leic<sup>r</sup>, this xx<sup>th</sup> day of October, + 1601.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Youre honor's most humble to co<span class="over">m</span>aunde,</p> + <p class="i2">Signed by "Will<span class="over">m</span> ROWES, Maior,</p> + <p class="i8">ROBERT HEYRICKE,"</p> + <p class="i9">And ten others.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>An angry and characteristic reply from the earl follows, but with + which, as it is printed in Thompson's <i>History of Leicester</i> (p. + 318.), I will not trespass upon your valuable space. It may be sufficient + to say, that he tells the mayor that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Notwithstanding this treacherous devise of that cunninge practisore, + I feare it will appeare, upon due scanninge of this accydent, + y<sup>t</sup> there remaynes a false brother amongst you.... And as for + y<sup>e</sup> p'sone hymself whoe hathe thus shameleslye sought to + dishonoure me and deceave you, I will, by the grace of God, take suche + order as in honor and lawfullye I maye, bothe <!-- Page 572 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page572"></a>{572}</span>for y<sup>e</sup> + better unfouldinge of this, as also for suche punnyshm<sup>t</sup> as the + law will inflict."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In pursuance of this determination, the earl exhibited an information + against Mr. Belgrave in the Star Chamber. The subsequent proceedings + which took place on the subject in parliament will be found noticed in + D'Ewes's <i>Journal</i>, and quoted in Thompson's <i>History of + Leicester</i>, pp. 319-323.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Kelly.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Leicester.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Queries on Dr. Diamond's Calotype Process.</i>—Would you + kindly ask <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span>, to whom I should imagine + all of us are more or less indebted, the following questions respecting + the very valuable paper on the calotype in the last <i>Photographic + Journal</i>?</p> + + <p>1. As to the white spots which make their appearance in developing, on + Turner's paper especially, and which he says are owing to minute pieces + of metal in the paper, what is the best way of hiding them in the + negative, so that they may as little as possible injure the positive? I + have suffered sadly from this cause; and have tried to stop them with + ammonio-nitrate, which turns after a time to red, and stops the light + effectually; but I should prefer some black colouring the strength of + which one could measure by seeing its immediate effect.</p> + + <p>2. And again, when one has black spots, what is the best means of + lessening their intensity, if not of wholly removing them?</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Phôtographos." class="grk">Φωτογραφος.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Where light spots occur in a negative, <span class="sc">Dr. + Diamond</span> recommends, as the most effectual mode of stopping them, a + little gamboge neatly applied with a camel-hair pencil. Where a great + intensity is desired, Indian ink may be applied in the same manner, + taking care in both cases to smooth off the edges with a dry brush. The + cyanide of potassium applied in the same way, but <i>with very great + care</i>, will remove the black spots. Before it appears to have quite + accomplished its object, a negative should be immersed in water, as its + action is so energetic.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Albumenized Paper.</i>—I have followed <span class="sc">Dr. + Diamond's</span> directions for albumenizing paper (thin Canson negative) + as accurately as I can, but I cannot prevent the albumen in drying, when + pinned up, from forming into waves or streaks. This will be best + understood from a specimen of a sheet which I inclose, and I shall be + much obliged if you can tell me how this can be avoided. Some albumenized + paper which I have purchased is quite free from this defect, but being at + a distance from London, it is both convenient and economical to prepare + my own paper.</p> + + <p class="author">C. E. F.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We would recommend our correspondent to remove his paper from the + albumen still more slowly; and to take care not to draw it along, but so + to lift it that the last corner is not moved until it is raised from the + albumen. In pinning up be careful that the paper takes the inward curl, + otherwise the appearances exhibited will be almost sure to take place. As + the albumenizing liquid is of very trifling cost, we recommend the use of + two dishes, as by that means a great economy of time is obtained.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Marcarnes</i> (Vol. viii., p. 365.).—Can this curiously + sounding name be an archaic form of Mackarness, a name, I think, still + borne by living persons?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis John Scott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tewkesbury.</p> + + <p><i>X on Brewers' Casks</i> (Vol. viii., p. 439.).—Your + correspondent B. H. C., though ingenious, is in error. The X on brewers' + casks originated in the fact, that beer above a certain strength paid + 10<i>s</i>. duty; and the X became a mark to denote beer of that better + quality. The doubling and tripling of the X are nothing but inventions of + the brewers to humbug the public.</p> + + <p class="author"><span lang="he" class="heb" title="B" ><bdo dir="rtl">ב</bdo></span>‎. <span lang="he" class="heb" title="D" ><bdo dir="rtl">ד</bdo></span>‎.</p> + + <p><i>No Sparrows at Lindham</i> (Vol. vii., p. 233.).—Amongst the + various responses in connexion with the Queries given on the page above + noted, communicated direct, the only one which I have thought worthy of + insertion in my MSS. is as follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"As for there being no sparrows at Lindham, it may be accounted for in + the following legend:—A few years ago I was in that district when I + heard some account of a person called 'Tom of Lindham;' who, by the way, + was a curious personage, and performed some very extraordinary and + out-of-the-way feats. At one time he was left at home to protect the corn + from the <i>sparrows</i>; when, <i>to save trouble</i>, he got all of + them into the barn, and put a <i>harrow</i> into the window to keep them + in; and so <i>starved</i> (<i>i. e.</i> hungered) them to death."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Furthermore Mr. Whittaker kindly communicated of the above Yorkshire + worthy:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"At the close of Tom's life he took it into his head to make a road + across a part of Hatfield Chase to his own dwelling; when, according to + the legend, he employed supernatural aid: with this clause in the + contract, that he, Tom, should not inquire any particulars as to the + character of his assistants or helpmates. One day, however, being more + curious than prudent, he looked behind him; his workmen immediately + disappeared, and Tom of Lindham was no more heard of. His road still + remains in the state he left it."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">M. Aislabie Denham.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Piersebridge, near Darlington, Durham.</p> + + <p><i>Theobald le Botiller</i> (Vol. viii., p. 366.).—Theobald le + Botiller was an infant at his father's death, 1206. He had livery in + 1222; and in 9 Hen. III., <!-- Page 573 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page573"></a>{573}</span>1225, married Rohesia or Rose de Verdun, + not <i>Vernon</i>. She was so great an heiress that she retained her own + name, and her posterity also bore it. She founded the Abbey of Grâce + Dieu, <span class="correction" title="Original reads `Liecestershire'." + >Leicestershire</span>, in 1239; and died 1247-8. Her husband died in + 1230, leaving two sons: John de Verdun, who inherited, and Nicholas, who + died in Ireland without issue; and one daughter Maud, who married John + FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Walter Devereux.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Hampton Court Palace.</p> + + <p><i>Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 388.).—Touching the "vault," or underground passage, "that goeth + under the river" of Swale, from the Castle of Richmond to the priory of + St. Martin, every tradition, <i>i. e.</i> as to its whereabouts, is, I + believe, now wholly lost.</p> + + <p>Your Querist, however, who seems to feel an interest in that beautiful + and romantic portion of the <i>north countrie</i>, will perhaps welcome + the following mythe, which is connected, it is possible, with the + identical <i>vault</i> which is depictured by Speed in his <i>Plan of + Richmond</i>. It was taken down from the lips of a great-grand-dame by + one of her descendants, <i>both of whom are still living</i>, for the + gratification of your present correspondent, who, like Luther,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Would not for any quantity of gold part with the wonderful tales + which he has retained from his earliest childhood, or met with in his + progress through life."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>But to my legend:</p> + + <p>Once upon a time a man, walking round Richmond Castle, was accosted by + another, who took him into a <i>vennel</i>, or underground passage, below + the castle; where he beheld a vast multitude of people lying as if they + were sleeping. A <i>horn</i> and a <i>sword</i> were presented to him: + the horn to blow, and the sword to draw; in order, as said his guide, to + release them from their slumbers. And when he had drawn the sword half + out, the sleepers began to move; which frightened him so much, that he + put it back into the sheath: when instantly a voice exclaimed,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4hg3">"Potter! <i>Potter Thompson!</i></p> + <p class="i4">If thou had either drawn</p> + <p class="i4">The <i>sword</i>, or blown the <i>horn</i>,</p> + <p>Thou had been the luckiest man that ever was born."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>So ends the Legend of the Richmond Sleepers and Potter Thompson; + which, mayhap, is scarcely worth preserving, were it not that it has + preserved and handed down the characteristic, or rather trade, cognomen + and surname of its timorous at least, if not cowardly, hero.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">M. Aislabie Denham.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Piersebridge, near Darlington, Durham.</p> + + <p><i>Lord Audley's Attendants at Poictiers</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 494.).—A notice of the arguments in opposition to the statement, + rested mainly on the grant of arms by John Touchet, Lord Audley, to the + descendant of Sir James de Mackworth, in consideration of his having been + one of these esquires, occurs in Blore's <i>Rutland</i>, p. 130. and p. + 224. And it appears to be satisfactorily shown by the grant itself, that + it was not made on account of the services of Sir James.</p> + + <p class="author">J. P. Jun.</p> + + <p><i>Portraits at Brickwall House</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 406.).—Immerzeel says, in his <i>Levens der Kunstschilders</i> + (<i>Lives of the Painters</i>), vol. iii. pp. 238, 239.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Thomas van der Wilt, born at Piershil in the district of Putten, was + a disciple of Verkolje at Delft, where he also settled. He painted + portraits, domestic scenes, &c., which were not free from stiffness. + He also engraved in mezzotinto after Brouwer, Schalken, and others. His + drawings were engraved by his son William, who died young."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>He was living in 1701, and was probably grandson of a person of the + same name who resided in 1622 at Soetermeer near Leyden, for in the + register of the villages of Rhynland are found:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Jan Thomas van der Wilt and Maritgen Pietersdr, his wife, with + Thomas, Maritgen, Pieter, Cornelis, Grietge, Jannetge, and Ingethen, + their children."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The portrait painted by Terburgh probably represents Andries de + Graeff, who, in 1672, is called by Wagenaar, in his <i>Vaderlandsche + Hist.</i> of that year (p. 82.), late burgomaster of Amsterdam. It is + then necessary to ascertain whether this late burgomaster died in 1674. + The family de Graeff also resided at Delft, where several of its members + became magistrates.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Elsevir.</span></p> + + <p>The portrait of the old gentleman is, in my opinion, doubtless that of + Andries de Graeff, who was elected burgomaster of Amsterdam in 1660, and + filled the office several times afterwards, although after the year 1670 + his name no more appears on the list of burgomasters, which can very well + agree with the date of death (1674) on the portrait.—From the + <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. J. van der Aa</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Gorinchem.</p> + + <p><i>The Words "Mob" and "Cash"</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 386. + 524.).—<span class="sc">Clericus Rusticus</span> will find the + origin and first introduction of the word <i>mob</i> fully stated in + Trench's <i>Lectures on the Study of Words</i> (p. 124. fourth ed.). In + addition to the quotations there made, <span class="sc">Clericus + Rusticus</span> may refer to Dryden's preface to <i>Cleomenes</i> (1692), + to the 230th number of <i>The Tatler</i>, written by Swift (an. 1710), + and to the Dean's <i>Introduction to Polite Conversation</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Cash.</i>—What Lord Holland may have meant by a legitimate + English word it is hard to say. Dr. Johnson derives it from the Fr. + <i>caisse</i> (or <i>casse</i>), which Cotgrave interprets "a box, a + <i>case</i>, <!-- Page 574 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page574"></a>{574}</span>or chest; also, a merchant's <i>cash</i> + or counter." Todd confirms the correctness of Johnson's etymology by a + usage in Winwood's <i>Memorials</i>; where the Countess of Shrewsbury is + said to have 20,000<i>l.</i> in her <i>cash</i>. And Richardson farther + confirms it by a quotation from Sir W. Temple; and one from Sherwood, who + explains <i>cashier</i>, "Qui garde le <i>casse</i> de l'argent de + merchand;" and a merchant's <i>cash</i>, "<i>casse</i> de merchand."</p> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p> + + <p><i>English Clergyman in Spain</i> (Vol. viii., p. 410.).—The + clergyman was perhaps attached to the army of England in Spain, in the + capacity of chaplain. I recommend a search for the record of his licence, + which will very probably recite his appointment; and this record is most + likely to be found with the proper officer of the diocese of London, in + Doctors' Commons. I have seen one extraordinary discovery of information + of the kind now sought by D. Y., in this quarter; and D. Y. will probably + be so kind as to note his success in "N. & Q.," if he obtains his + information here or elsewhere.</p> + + <p class="author">E.</p> + + <p><i>The Cid</i> (Vol. viii., p. 367.).—I find in the catalogue of + my library, the greatest part of which was destroyed by fire in 1849, + amongst other books relating to <i>The Cid</i>, the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Romancero, e Historia del muy valeroso Cavallero el Cid Ruy Diaz de + Bivar, en lenguaje antiguo, recopilado por Juan de Escobar. En esta + ultima impression van añadidos muchos romances, que hasta aora no han + sido impressos, ni divulgados, 12mo. con licençia. En Pamplona, por + Martin de Zavala, año 1706."</p> + + <p>"Romancero e Historia del mui valeroso Cabellero el Cid Rui-diaz de + Vibar, en lenguage antiguo, recopilado por Juan de Escobar, neuva + edicion, reformada sobre las antiguas, añadida e illustrada con varias + notas y composiciones del mismo tiempo y asunto para su mas facil + intelligencia, y adornada con un epitome de la Historia verdadera del + Cid. Por D. Vicente Gonçales del Reguero. 12mo. con licencia, Madrid, + Imprenta de Cano, 1818."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In Thorpe's <i>Catalogue</i>, 1841, No. 1355, is an edition, 12mo., + Segovia, 1629.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Adamson.</span></p> + + <p><i>Exterior Stoups</i> (Vol. v., p. 560.; Vol. vi., pp. 18. 86. 160. + 345. 497. 591., &c.).—Having introduced this subject to "N. + & Q.," you will perhaps allow me to return to it, by adding to the + list of churches where exterior stoups may be seen, the names of Leigh + and Shrawley, Worcestershire. A recent visit to these places made me + aware of the existence of the stoups. That at Leigh is in a shattered + condition, and is on the south side of the western doorway: it is now + covered in by a porch of later date. That at Shrawley is on the eastern + side of the south door, and is hollowed out within the top of a short + column. Shrawley Church possesses many points of interest for the + antiquary: among which may be mentioned, a Norman window pierced through + one of the buttresses of the chancel. Among the noticeable things at + Leigh Church is a rude sculpture of the Saviour placed exteriorly over + the north door of the nave, in a recess, with semicircular heading and + Norman pillars. The rector is gradually restoring this fine church.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> + + <p><i>Green Jugs used by the Templars</i> (Vol. viii., p. 171.)—In + clearing out the ground for the foundation of Raymond Buildings in Gray's + Inn, about thirty years since, two earthen green jugs were dug up, which + are preserved by the benchers as a memento of "the olden times."</p> + + <p>They will hold very little more than half a pint of liquor, are tall + and of good proportions, but so small at the top as almost to preclude + their being used to drink out of, and having a lip it is surmised that + they held the portion assigned to each student, who was also supplied + with a drinking horn.</p> + + <p>I have seen a jug of the same description in the possession of a + gentleman in Lincoln's Inn, which he informed me was brought to light in + excavating for the new hall. It is therefore probable that all the inns + of court were accustomed to provide jugs of the same description.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Whitmarsh.</span></p> + + <p><i>"Peccavi," I have Scinde</i> (Vol. viii, p. 490.).—Your + correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. G. Lloyd</span>, who says he does "not + know on what authority" it is stated that "the old and lamented warrior, + Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the conquest of Scinde, <i>Peccavi</i>!" is + informed that the sole author of the despatch was <i>Mr. Punch</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> + + <p>In a note touching these well-known words, <span class="sc">Mr. G. + Lloyd</span> says, "It is also stated, I do not know on what authority, + that the old and lamented warrior, Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the + conquest of Scinde, <i>Peccavi</i>!" The author of <i>Democritus in + London, with the Mad Pranks and Comical Conceits of Motley and Robin + Good-Fellow</i>, thus alludes to this saying in that work. I presume he + had good authority for so doing:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Sir P</i>. "What exclaim'd the gallant Napier,</p> + <p class="i4">Proudly flourishing his rapier!</p> + <p class="i4">To the army and the navy,</p> + <p class="i4">When he conquer'd Scinde? '<i>Peccavi!</i>'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Subscriber.</span></p> + + <p><i>Raffaelle's Sposalizio</i> (Vol. vii., p. 595.; Vol. viii., p. + 61.).—The reason why the ring is placed on <!-- Page 575 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page575"></a>{575}</span>the third finger of the + right hand of the Blessed Virgin in Raffaelle's "Sposalizio" at Milan, + and in Ghirlandais's frescoe of the same subject in the Santa Croce at + Florence, is to be found in the fact that the right hand has always been + considered the hand of power or dignity, and the left hand of inferiority + or subjection. A married woman always wears her ring on the third finger + of the left hand to signify her subjection to her husband. But it has + been customary among artists to represent the Blessed Virgin with the + ring on the right hand, to signify her superiority to St. Joseph from her + surpassing dignity of Mother of God. Still she is not always represented + so, for in Beato Angelico's painting of the marriage of Mary and Joseph + she receives the ring on her left hand. See woodcut in Mrs. Jameson's + <i>Legends of Madonna</i>, p. 170. In the Marriage of the Blessed Virgin + by Vanloo, in the Louvre, she also receives the ring on the left hand. + Giotto, Taddeo Gaddi, Perugino, &c., have painted the "Sposalizio," + but I have not copies by me to refer to.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceyrep.</span></p> + + <p><i>Early Use of Tin.</i>—<i>Derivation of the Name of + Britain</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 290. 344. 445.).—Your correspondent + G. W. having been unable to inform <span class="sc">Dr. Hincks</span> who + first suggested the derivation of <i>Britannia</i> from <i>Baratanac</i> + or <i>Bratanac</i>, I have the pleasure to satisfy him on this point by + referring him to Bochart's <i>Geographia Sacra</i>, lib. <span + class="scac">I.</span> c. xxxix. In that great storehouse of historical + information, the Memoirs of the Academy of Inscriptions and + Belles-Lettres, there are some profound researches by Melot and others, + in which may be found answers to all the Queries proposed by G. W.</p> + + <p>The islands, rivers, mountains, cities, and remarkable places of + Phœnician colonies, had even in the time of the habitation of the + Greeks and Romans Phœnician names, which, according to the spirit + of the ancient languages of the East, indicated clearly the properties of + the places which bore those names. See instances in Bochart, <i>ubi + supra</i>; Sammes's <i>Britannia Antiqua Illustrata, or the Antiquities + of Ancient Britain derived from the Phœnicians</i>; and + D'Hancarville's Preface to Hamilton's <i>Etruscan, &c. + Antiquities</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bibliothecar. Chetham.</span></p> + + <p><i>Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 498. + 576.).—The following extract is from the <i>Gentleman's + Magazine</i>, March, 1824, p. 194.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mr. J. Lawrence of Somers Town observes: 'In the summer of the year + 1770 I was on a visit at Beaumont Hall on the coast of Essex, a few miles + distant from Harwich. It was then the residence of Mr. Canham.... I was + invited to ascend the attics in order to read some lines, imprinted by a + cowboy of precocious intellect. I found these in handsome, neatly + executed letters, printed and burnished with leaf-gold, on the wall of + his sleeping-room. They were really golden verses, and may well be styled + Pythagorean from their point, to wit:</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Earth goes upon the earth, glittering like gold;</p> + <p>Earth goes to the earth sooner than 'twould;</p> + <p>Earth built upon the earth castles and towers;</p> + <p>Earth said to the Earth, All shall be ours.'</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>The curiosity of these lines so forcibly impressed them on my memory, + that time has not been able to efface a tittle of them. <i>But from what + source did the boy obtain them?</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Permit me to repeat this Query?</p> + + <p class="author">J. R. M., M.A.</p> + + <p><i>Derivation of the Word "Humbug"</i> (Vol. viii. + <i>passim</i>).—Not being satisfied with any of the derivations of + this word hitherto proposed in your pages, I beg to suggest that perhaps + it may be traced to a famous dancing master who flourished about the time + when the word first came into use. The following advertisement appeared + in the <i>Dublin Freeman's Journal</i> in Jan. 1777:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + +<p class="cenhead">"<i>To the Nobility.</i></p> + + <p>"As Monsieur Humbog does not intend for the future teaching abroad + after 4 o'clock, he, at the request of his scholars, has opened an + academy for young ladies of fashion to practise minuets and cotillions. + He had his first assembly on Friday last, and intends continuing them + every Friday during the winter. He does not admit any gentlemen, and his + number of ladies is limited to 32; and as Mrs. Humbog is very conversant + in the business of the Toilet Table, the ladies may depend on being + properly accommodated. Mr. Humbog having been solicited by several + gentlemen, he intends likewise to open an academy for them, and begs that + those who chuse to become subscribers will be so good as to send him + their addresses, that he may have the honour of waiting upon them to + inform them of his terms and days. Mr. Humbog has an afternoon school + three times a week for little ladies and gentlemen not exceeding 14 years + of age. Terms of his school are one guinea per month and one guinea + entrance. Any ladies who are desirous of knowing the terms of his academy + may be informed by appointing Mr. Humbog to wait upon them, which he will + do on the shortest notice. Capel St. 21 Jan. 1777."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Omicron.</span></p> + + <p><i>Bees</i> (Vol. viii., p. 440.).—In the midland counties the + first migration of the season is <i>a swarm</i>, the second <i>a + cast</i>, and the third <i>a spindle</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Erica.</span></p> + + <p><i>Topsy Turvy</i> (Vol. viii., p. 385.).—I have always + understood this to be a corruption of "Topside t'other way," and I still + think so.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Hazel.</span></p> + + <p><i>Parish Clerks and Politics</i> (Vol. viii., p. 56.).—In the + excitement prevalent at the trial of Queen Caroline, I remember a choir, + in a village not a hundred miles from Wallingford, Berks, singing <!-- + Page 576 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page576"></a>{576}</span>with + great gusto the 1st, 4th, 11th, and 12th verses of 35th Psalm in Tate and + Brady's New Version.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Hazel.</span></p> + + <p><i>Phantom Bells—"The Death Bell"</i> (Vol. vii. + passim).—I have never met, in any work on folk-lore and popular + superstitions, any mention of that unearthly bell, whose sound is borne + on the death-wind, and heralds his doom to the hearer. Mickle alludes to + it in his fine ballad of "Cumnor Halle:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The <i>death-belle</i> thrice was heard to ring,</p> + <p class="i1">An aerial voice was heard to calle,</p> + <p>And thrice the raven flapp'd its wing,</p> + <p class="i1">Arounde the towers of Cumnor Halle."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And Rogers, in his lines "To an Old Oak:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There once the steel-clad knight reclined,</p> + <p class="i1">His sable plumage tempest-tossed:</p> + <p>And as the <i>death-bell</i> smote the wind,</p> + <p>From towers long fled by human kind,</p> + <p class="i1">His brow the hero crossed."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>When ships go down at sea during a terrible tempest, it is said the + "death-bell" is often distinctly heard amid the storm-wind. And in tales + of what is called Gothic superstition, it assists in the terrors of the + supernatural.</p> + + <p>Sir W. Scott perhaps alluded to the superstition in the lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And the kelpie <i>rang</i>,</p> + <p>And the sea-maid sang</p> + <p class="i1">The dirge of lovely Rosabelle."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p> + + <p><i>Porter Family</i> (Vol. viii., p. 364.).—Full particulars of + the existing branch of this ancient family can be afforded by the Rev. + Malcom Macdonald of South End, Essex, chaplain to Lady Tamar Sharpe, the + aunt and guardian of the representatives of Sir R. K. Porter.</p> + + <p class="author">M. H. J.</p> + + <p class="address">Thavies Inn.</p> + + <p><i>The Mitred Abbot in Wroughton Church, Wilts</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 411.).—The figure was painted in fresco, not on a pillar, but on + the spandril-space between two arches. The vestments, as far as I can + make out, are an alb, a tunicle and a cope, and mitre. The hands do not + appear to hold anything, and I see nothing to show it to represent a + mitred abbot rather than a bishop. The colours of the cope and tunicle + were red and green, the exterior of the cope and the tunicle being of one + colour, the interior of the cope of the other. The figure was the only + perfect one when I visited the church, and the rain was washing it out + even as I sketched; but there had been one between every two arches, and + there were traces of colour throughout the aisle, and the designs + appeared to me unusually elegant. I believe my slight sketch to be all + that now remains; and shall be glad to send a copy of it to your + correspondent if he wishes for it, and will signify how I may convey it + to him.</p> + + <p><i>Passage in Virgil</i> (Vol. viii., p. 270.).—Is this the + passage referred to by Doctor Johnson?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nunc scio, quid sit Amor: duris in cotibus illum</p> + <p>Aut Tmarus, aut Rhodope, aut extremi Garamantes,</p> + <p>Nec generis nostri puerum, nec sanguinis, edunt."</p> + <p class="i8">Virgil: <i>Bucolica</i>, Ecl. viii. l. 43.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found + him a native of the rocks." Dr. Johnson found his reward not in vain + solicitations to patrons, but in the fruits of his literary labours.</p> + + <p>The famous lines in Spenser's "Colin Clout's come home again,"<a + name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> on the + instability and hollowness of patronage, may occur to the reader:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Full little knowest thou, that hast not tride,</p> + <p>What hell it is in suing long to bide:</p> + <p>To lose good days that might be better spent,</p> + <p>To waste long nights in pensive discontent.</p> + <p>To speed to-day, to be put back to-morrow,</p> + <p>To feed on hope, to pine with fear and sorrow.</p> + <p>To fret thy soul with crosses and with cares;</p> + <p>To eat thy heart through comfortless despaires," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">F.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>In Mother Hubberd's Tale.—<span class="sc">Ed.</span></p> + +</div> + <p><i>Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, Chief Justice</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 158. + 276.).—In "A Letter to a Convocation Man," which was recently + edited by a frequent contributor to your pages, the <span class="sc">Rev. + W. Fraser</span>, B.C.L., and is favourably mentioned by you, I find the + following sentence, declaring that Sir Anthony Fitzherbert <i>was</i> + Chief Justice:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's + <i>Abridgment</i>, that the Archbishop of Canterbury was prohibited to + hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not + the King's licence. But he adds that the Archbishop would not obey it; + and he quotes Speed for it."—P. 38. of original pamphlet, and p. + 36. of Mr. Fraser's reprint.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Fraser</span> merely refers to Sir Anthony + Fitzherbert as being made judge of the Common Pleas in 1523, and does not + enter into this question, which deserves investigation.</p> + + <p class="author">M. W. R.</p> + + <p>"<i>To put a </i>spoke<i> in his wheel</i>" (Vol. viii., pp. 269. + 351.).—W. C.'s answer to G. K.'s inquiry is so very facetious, that + I must confess I do not understand it.</p> + + <p>As to the meaning of the expression, I think there can be no doubt. + Ainsworth interpreted "Scrupulum injecisti mihi, spem meam remoratus + es."</p> + + <p>In Dutch, "Een spaak in t'wiel steeken," is "To traverse, thwart, or + cross a design." See Sewel's <i>Woordenboek</i>.</p> + + <p>The effect is similar to that of <i>spiking</i> cannon. And it is not + improbable that <i>spoke</i>, known by the <!-- Page 577 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page577"></a>{577}</span>ignorant to form part + of the wheel, has been by them corrupted from <i>spike</i>: and that the + act is, driving a <i>spike</i> into the nave, so as to prevent the wheel + from turning on its axle.</p> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Ballina Castle</i> (Vol. viii., p. 411.).—O. L. R. G. + inquires about Ballina Castle, Castlebar, and of the general history, + descriptions, &c. of the co. Mayo. In the catalogue of my manuscript + collections, prefixed to my <i>Annals of Boyle, or Early History of + Ireland</i> (upwards of 200 volumes), No. 37. purports to be "one volume + 8vo., containing full compilations of records and events connected with + the county of Mayo, with reference to the authorities," and it has + special notices of Castlebar, Cong, Burrishoole, Kilgarvey, Lough Conn, + &c., and notes of scenery and statistics. I offered in the year 1847 + to publish a history of the county if I was indemnified, but I did not + succeed in my application. I have, of course, very full notices of the + records, &c. of Ballina, and the other leading localities of that + interesting but too long neglected county, which I would gladly draw out + and assign, as I would any other of my manuscript compilations, to any + literary gentleman who would propose to prepare them for publication, or + otherwise extract and report from them as may be sought.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John D'Alton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">48. Summer Hill, Dublin.</p> + + <p><i>Mardle</i> (Vol. viii., p. 411.).—This is the correct + spelling as fixed by Halliwell. I should propose to derive it from A.-S. + <i>mathelian</i>, to speak, discourse, harangue; or A.-S. <i>methel</i>, + discourse, speech, conversation. (Bosworth.) Forby gives this word only + with the meaning "a large pond;" a sense confined to Suffolk. But his + vocabulary of East Anglia is especially defective in East Norfolk + words—an imperfection arising from his residence in the extreme + west of that county.</p> + + <p class="author">E. G. R.</p> + + <p><i>Charles Diodati</i> (Vol. viii., p. 295.).—<span + class="sc">Mr. Singer</span> mentions that Dr. Fellowes and others have + confounded Carlo Dati, Milton's Florentine friend, with Charles Diodati, + a schoolfellow (St. Paul's, London) to whom he addresses an Italian + sonnet and two Latin poems. Charles Diodati practised physic in Cheshire; + died 1638. Was this young friend of Milton's a relative of Giovanni + Diodati, who translated the Bible into Italian; born at Lucca about 1589; + became a Protestant; died at Geneva, 1649?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ma. L.</span></p> + + <p><i>Longevity</i> (Vol. viii., p. 442.).—<span class="sc">Mr. + Murdoch's</span> Query relative to Margaret Patten reminds me of a print + exhibited in the Dublin Exhibition, which bore the following + inscription:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mary Gore, born at Cottonwith in Yorkshire, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1582; lived upwards of one hundred years in + Ireland, and died in Dublin, aged 145 years. This print was done from a + picture <i>taken</i> (the word is torn off) when she was an hundred and + forty-three. Vanluych <i>pinxit</i>, T. Chambers <i>del.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p> + + <p><i>"Now the fierce bear," &c.</i> (Vol. viii., p 440.).—The + lines respecting which <span title="th." class="grk">θ.</span> + requests information are from Mr. Keble's <i>Christian Year</i>, in the + poem for Monday in Whitsun Week. They are, however, misquoted, and should + run thus</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Now the fierce bear and leopard keen</p> + <p>Are perish'd as they ne'er had been,</p> + <p class="i1">Oblivion is their home."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">G. R. M.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>As long as poetry of the highest order is appreciated in England, + Gray's <i>Elegy written in a Country Churchyard</i> will never want + readers to pore over its beauties, or artists ready to dedicate their + talents to its illustration. Of the latter fact we have evidence in a new + edition just issued by Mr. Cundall, which is illustrated on every page + with engravings on wood from drawings by Birkett Foster, George Thomas, + and a Lady. The artists have caught the spirit of the poet, and their + fanciful creations have been transferred to the wood with the greatest + delicacy by the engravers,—the result being a most tasteful little + volume, which must take a foremost rank among the gift-books of the + coming Christmas.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>—<i>Smiths's Dictionary + of Greek and Roman Geography, by various Writers</i>, Part VIII., which + extends from the conclusion of the admirable article on <i>Etruria</i> to + <i>Germania</i>, and includes <i>Gallia Cisalpina</i> and + <i>Transalpina</i>, which scarcely required the initials (G. L.) to point + out the accomplished scholar by whom they are written.—Darlings + <i>Cyclopædia Bibliographica</i>: Parts XIV. and XV. extend from <i>O. M. + Mitchell</i> to <i>Platina or De Sacchi</i>. The value of this + analytical, bibliographical, and biographical Library Manual will not be + fully appreciable until the work is completed.—<i>The National + Miscellany</i>, Vol. I. The first Volume of this magazine of General + Literature is just issued in a handsome form, suitable to the + typographical excellence for which this well-directed and well-conducted + miscellany is remarkable.—<i>Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally + from Tumuli in England</i>, Part VIII.: containing Bronze Bucket, found + at Cuddesden, Oxfordshire; and Fibula, found near Billesdon, + Leicestershire. We would suggest to Mr. Akerman that the Bronze Bucket is + scarcely an example of an object of archæological interest, which + requires to be drawn of the size of the original, and coloured from it: + and that the value of his useful work would be increased by his adhering + to his original arrangement, by which the illustrative letter-press + appeared in the same part with the engraving to which it referred.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 578 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page578"></a>{578}</span></p> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES +WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p>Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct + to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses + are given for that purpose:</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Oxford Almanack</span> for 1719.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Amœnitates Academicæ.</span> Vol. I. Holmiæ, + 1749.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Browne Hist. Nat. Jamaicæ.</span> Lond. 1756. + Folio.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ammanus</span> l. <span class="sc">Stirpes + Rariores.</span> Petrop. 1739.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Philosophical Transactions</span> for 1683.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Annals of Philosophy</span> for January, 1824.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Peshall's Monumental Inscriptions.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Universal Magazine</span> for January, 1763.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Springel and Decandolle's Botany.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dr. Richardson's Correspondence</span>, by <span + class="sc">Dawson Turner.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Amherst's Terræ Filius</span>, 1726.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Mr. H. T. Bobart</i>, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Laderchii Annales Ecclesiasticæ.</span> 3 Tom. Folio. + Romæ, 1728-37.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Bible</span> in Shorthand, according to the + method of Mr. James Weston, whose Shorthand Prayer Book was published in + the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, + 1687, would be given in exchange.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. Richard Gibbings</i>, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Peck's (Fr.) History of the Stamford Bull + Running.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Case of Mr. Sam. Bruckshaw considered.</span> + 8vo. or 12mo.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Mr. J. Phillips</i>, Stamford.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">London Magazine.</span> Vol. LXIV. to 1779.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Nichols' Literary Anecdotes</span>, and the + Continuation.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>F. Dinsdale</i>, Leamington.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Joseph Mede's Works.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jones's</span> (of Nayland) <span + class="sc">Sermons</span>, by Walker. 2 Vols. 8vo.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Plain Sermons.</span> 10 Vols. 8vo.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Death-bed Scenes.</span> Best Edition.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rose's</span> (H. J.) <span + class="sc">Sermons.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Wilberforce's Life.</span> 5 Vols.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Simms & Son</i>, Booksellers, Bath.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Hutchins's Dorsetshire.</span> Last Edition.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>James Dearden</i>, Upton House, Poole.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Clarendon's History of the Rebellion.</span> Folio. + Oxford 1703. Vol. I.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. John James Avington</i>, Hungerford.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">An Examination of the Charters and Statutes of + Trinity College, Dublin</span> (with the Postscript), by George Miller, + D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804.</p> + + <p><span class="scac">A</span> [First] <span class="sc">Letter to the Rev + Dr. Pusey</span>, in reference to his Letter to the Lord Bishop of + Oxford, by George Miller, D.D. London, 1840.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. B. H. Blacker</i>, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p>W. H. M. W. <i>The Heralds' visitation for Wiltshire in 1622 will be + found in the British Museum, Harl. MSS. 1165 and 1443. See too Sims's</i> + Indexes to Pedigrees, <i>&c.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ralpho's</span> <i>communication should have been + addressed to the writer, quoting the lines on which he comments</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Gammer Gurton's</span> <i>suggestion is a very good + one; and we can promise that our Christmas Eve Number shall be rich + in</i> <span class="sc">Folk Lore.</span></p> + + <p>G. S. M., <i>who desires information respecting the history of + Newspapers, their progress and statistics, is referred to F. K. + Hunt's</i> Fourth Estate, a Contribution towards a History of Newspapers + and of the Liberty of the Press, <i>2 vols. 8vo., London, 1850. Several + articles on the subject will be found in our own columns</i>.</p> + + <p><i>If</i> F. S. A. <i>applied to the proper authorities, we cannot + doubt that the information he received is true</i>.</p> + + <p>J. W. N. K. <i>We have referred the descriptions of the pictures to + one of the very highest authorities in London, who is of opinion that if + the marks on the back</i> are genuine, <i>they are the marks of the + owner, not of the artist</i>.</p> + + <p>J. T. <i>The volume</i> Remarques de Pierre Motteux sur Rabelais <i>is + no doubt a translation of the notes which Motteux inserted in the English + version, of which the first three books were translated by Urquhart, the + other two by himself. This translation has, we think, been reprinted by + Bohn</i>.</p> + + <p>J. W. T. <i>The monastic work inquired after is noticed by another + Correspondent at</i> p. 569. <i>of the present Number</i>.</p> + + <p>Dr. Diamond on the simplicity of the Calotype Process <i>is, on + account of its length from the many additions made to it, unavoidably + postponed until next week</i>.</p> + + <p>T. L. (Islington). <i>The ingredients referred to are all used by Le + Gray, the originator of the waxed-paper process. They are supposed not + only to increase the sensitiveness of the paper, but to add to its + keeping qualities. We have no doubt that a letter addressed to the + College of Chemistry will find the gentleman to whom you refer.</i></p> + + <p>D. G. (Liverpool). <i>It would be not only difficult but more + expensive to prepare your own sulphuric ether; but we again assure that + the best is to be procured at from 5s. to 6s. per pound, and wholesale at + considerably less. You may satisfy yourself by a reference to our + advertising columns.</i></p> + + <p>F. H. D. <i>Albumenized paper will keep many days after it has been + excited with a forty-grain solution of nitrate of silver. We have used + Whatman's and Turner's papers twenty days old, and with perfectly + satisfactory results. The thin Canson is of all others most disposed to + brown; but it is preferable to all others in use from the richness of the + tints produced and its rapidity of printing.</i></p> + + <p><i>Erratum.</i>—Vol. viii, p. 546. l. 20. from bottom, for + "burnishing" read "bruising."</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is printed at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday</i>.</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii. + <i>price Three Guineas and a Half.—Copies are being made up and may + be had by order.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.—Containing Colours, Pencils. + &c., with printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price + 5s.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>MILLER'S. Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56 Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch + of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which + he has had considerable experience.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, +HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class + X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon, + Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful and Valuable Old Books. + Vol. I. Pp. 436. Cloth, 10s. 6d. Part V., price 2s. 6d., published + Quarterly, is now ready.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH. 36. Soho Square.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by + post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different + Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. + And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room + Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render + their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, +196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 579 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page579"></a>{579}</span></p> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p> + + +<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors"> + <tr> + <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br /> + G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> + W. Evans, Esq.<br /> + W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> + F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> + J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + + </td> + <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> + J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> + E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> + J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> + J. B. White, Esq.<br /> + J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> +<i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /> +<i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 17</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 32</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 22</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 37</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 27</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 42</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +</tr></table> + +<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Solicitors & General Life +Assurance Society.</h2> + +<p class="cenhead">52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING +ADVANTAGES:</p> + + <p>The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.</p> + + <p>Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.</p> + + <p>Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.</p> + + <p>Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.</p> + + <p>In the former EIGHTY PERCENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are + divided amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the + sum assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.</p> + + <p>No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest + on Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.</p> + + <p>POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of + fraud.</p> + + <p>At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of + nearly Two <span class="sc">Per Cent.</span> per annum on the <i>amount + assured</i>, or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. + on the <i>Premiums paid</i>.</p> + + <p>POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been + paid.</p> + + <p>Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.</p> + + <p>The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be + effected by applying on any other day between the hours of 10 and 4. at + the Office of the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite + information can be obtained.</p> + + <p class="author">CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic + Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now + universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and + principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto + no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect + pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases + where a quantity is required the two solutions may be had at Wholesale + price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and + Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Caution.</span>—Each Bottle is Stamped with a + Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to + counterfeit which is felony.</p> + + <p>CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware + of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable + detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with + a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, + CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and + may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1<i>s.</i>, + 2<i>s.</i>, and 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. + St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon + Street, Wholesale Agents.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.—The Council will open in the beginning of + January, at the rooms of the Society of British Artists, in Suffolk + Street, Pall Mall, an exhibition of Photographs and Daguerreotypes. + Coloured Pictures will not be excluded. It is recommended that all + pictures sent should be protected by glass. No picture will be exhibited + unless accompanied by the name and address of the Photographer or + Exhibitor, and some description of the process employed. Pictures will be + received at the Rooms in Suffolk Street, from Monday the 19th to Monday + the 26th December. Further information may be obtained by application to + the Secretary, R. FENTON, ESQ., 2. Albert Terrace, Albert Road, Regent's + Park.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.</p> + + <p>KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and + Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and + Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various + Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the + Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> + + <p>Instructions given in every branch of the Art.</p> + + <p>An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic + Specimens.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, +London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.-J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published: without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most + celebrated French, Italian, and English photographers, embracing Views of + the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission + 6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea: + Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,<br /> +168. NEW BOND STREET.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE CO'S Iodized Collection, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals &c. &c. used in + this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED + FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the + Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to + any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking + either Views or Portraits.—The Trade Supplied.</p> + + <p>Every Description of Camera or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, + &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury + Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">VIEWS IN LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC +PICTURES.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL + INSTRUMENT MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all + Kinds, and in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive + Assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAUGUERREOTYPE, on + PAPER, and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of + London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness + of Detail and Truth in the Representation of Natural Objects, are + unrivalled.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet +Street. London.</p> + + <p>*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description + of upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, + Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and + other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post + on receipt of Two Stamps.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their + Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new + Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best + articles of the kind ever produced.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">J. W. & T. ALLEN. 18. & 22. West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets + and Portable Laboratories, 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, + 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 21<i>s.</i>, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 42<i>s.</i>, + 63<i>s.</i>, and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6<i>d.</i> "Illustrated + Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street. + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 580 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page580"></a>{580}</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">SECOND AND ENLARGED EDITION OF +DR. PEILE'S ANNOTATIONS ON THE +ROMANS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, in 8vo., price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, a Second and +enlarged Edition of</p> + + <p>ANNOTATIONS ON ST. PAUL'S EPISTLE to the ROMANS. By THOMAS WILLIAMSON + PEILE, D.D., Head Master of Repton School; and formerly Fellow of Trinity + College, Cambridge.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.</p> + + <p>THE ANNOTATIONS ON THE CORINTHIANS may be had now in One Volume, price + 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>Also a Separate Edition of ANNOTATIONS on the HEBREWS. Price + 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ARNOLD'S (REV. T. K.) PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE + COMPOSITION, PART I. Eighth Edition. Price 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> This new + Edition has been reprinted from the Sixth by particular request, and upon + competent authority as to the usefulness of the Sixth and Seventh + Editions, and will remain in future the standard Edition of the Work.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place;</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Of whom may be had, by the same Author,</p> + + <p>A SECOND PART of the above Work (on the PARTICLES). In 8vo. 6<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains the following + articles:—1. Memoranda on Mexico—Brantz Mayer's Historical + and Geographical Account of Mexico from the Spanish Invasion. 2. Notes on + Mediæval Art in France, by J. G. Waller. 3. Philip the Second and Antonio + Perez. 4. On the Immigration of the Scandinavians into Leicestershire, by + James Wilson. 5. Wanderings of an Antiquary, by Thomas Wright, Old Sarum. + 6. Mitford's Mason and Gray. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Duke of + Wellington's Descent from the House of Stafford; Extracts from the MS. + Diaries of Dr. Stukeley; English Historical Portraits, and Granger's + Biographical History of England; Scottish Families in Sweden, &c. + With Notes of the Month; Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of + Antiquarian and Literary Societies; Historical Chronicle, and <span + class="sc">Obituary</span>: including Memoirs of the Earl of Kenmare, + Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, Lady Eliz. Norman, Lord Charles Townshend, + Sir Wm. Betham, Sir Wm. Bain, Gen. Montholon, M. Arago, Lieut. Bellot, + R. J. Smyth, Esq., M.P.; C. Baring Wall, Esq., M.P.; Rev. G. Faussett, + D. D.; Colin C. Macaulay, Esq.; Jas. Ainsworth, Esq.; &c. Price + 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">NICHOLS & SONS, 25. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 215, December 10, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: December 4, 2009 [EBook #30594] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 10, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{557} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 215.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters of Malta, + by William Winthrop 557 + Penny Sights and Exhibitions in the Reign of James I., + by A. Grayan 558 + The Impossibilities of our Forefathers 559 + Parallel Passages, by the Rev. John Booker 560 + Astrology in America 561 + + MINOR NOTES:--"Hierosolyma est perdita"--Quaint Inscription + in a Belfry--The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and + Judah--The Using a Circumstance as a "Peg," or "Nail," to + hang an Argument on, &c.--Turkish and Russian Grammars-- + Chronograms in Sicily--Stone Pulpits--Advertisements and + Prospectuses 561 + + Queries:-- + + English Refugees at Ypenstein 562 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Petrarch's Laura--"Epitaphium Lucretiae"-- + McDowall Family--Arms of Geneva--Webb of Monckton Farleigh-- + Translation Wanted--Latin Translation from Sheridan, &c.-- + Gale of Rent--Arms of Sir Richard de Loges--Gentile Names + of the Jews--Henry, Earl of Wotton--Kicker-eating--Chadderton + of Nuthurst, co. Lancashire--George, first Viscount + Lanesborough, and Sir Charles Cotterell--"Firm was their + faith," &c.--The Mother of William the Conqueror--Pedigree + of Sir Francis Bryan 562 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS--"The Whole Duty of Man"--"It + rained cats and dogs and little pitchforks:" Helter-skelter-- + Father Traves--Precise Dates of Births and Deaths of the + Pretenders--Clarence 564 + + REPLIES:-- + Mackey's "Theory of the Earth" 565 + Sincere, Simple, Singular 567 + Poetical Tavern Signs 568 + Homo Unius Libri 569 + The Forlorn Hope, by W. R. Wilde 569 + Tieck's "Comoedia Divina" 570 + Liveries worn by Gentlemen 571 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.--Queries on Dr. Diamond's + Calotype Process--Albumenized Paper 572 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Marcarnes--X on Brewers' Casks-- + No Sparrows at Lindham--Theobald le Botiller--Vault at + Richmond, Yorkshire--Lord Audley's Attendants at Poictiers-- + Portraits at Brickwall House--The Words "Mob" and "Cash"-- + English Clergyman in Spain--The Cid--Exterior Stoups--Green + Jugs used by the Templars--"Peccavi," I have Scinde-- + Raffaele's "Sposalizio"--Early Use of Tin: Derivation of the + Name of Britain--Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott-- + Derivation of the Word "Humbug"--Bees--Topsy Turvy--Parish + Clerks and Politics, &c. 572 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 577 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 578 + Notices to Correspondents 578 + Advertisements 578 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS OF MALTA. + +(_Continued from_ p. 99.) + +In my first communication I did myself the pleasure to send you a correct +list of all the royal letters which had been sent by different English +monarchs to the Grand Masters of Malta, with their dates, the languages in +which they were written, and stating to whom they were addressed. I now +purpose to forward with your permission from time to time, literal +translations of these letters, which Mr. Strickland of this garrison has +kindly promised to give me. The subjoined are the first in order, and have +been carefully compared, by Dr. Vella and myself, with the originals now in +the Record Office. + +No. I. + + Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip + Villiers de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem. + + Our most dear friend--Greeting: + +The venerable and religious men, Sir Thomas Docreus, Prior of St. John's in +this kingdom, and Sir W. Weston of your convent, Turcoplerius, have lately +delivered to us the epistle of your Reverence, and when we had read it, +they laid before us the commission which they had in charge, with so much +prudence and address, and recommended to us the condition, well being, and +honour of their Order with so much zeal and affection, that they have much +increased the good will, which of ourselves we feel towards the Order, and +have made us more eager in advancing all its affairs, so that we very much +hope to declare by our actions the affection which we feel towards this +Order. + +And that we might give some proof of this our disposition, we have written +at great length to His Imperial Majesty, in _favour of maintaining the +occupation_ of Malta, and we have given orders to our envoys there to help +forward this affair as much as they are able. The other matters, indeed, +{558} your Reverence will learn more in detail from the letters of the said +Prior. + + From our Palace at Richmond, + Eighth day of January, 1523, + Your good friend, + HENRY REX. + +No. II. + + Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip + Villiers de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem. + + Our most dear friend--Greeting: + +By other of our letters we have commended to your Reverence our beloved Sir +W. Weston, Turcoplerius, and the whole Order of Jerusalem in our kingdom; +but since we honour the foresaid Sir W. Weston with a peculiar affection, +we have judged him worthy that we should render him more agreeable and more +acceptable to your Reverence, by this our renewed recommendation; and we +trust that you will have it the more easily in your power to satisfy this +our desire, because, on account of the trust which you yourself placed in +him, you appointed him special envoy to ourselves in behalf of the affairs +of his Order, and showed that you honoured him with equal good will. We +therefore most earnestly entreat your Reverence not to be backward in +receiving him on his return with all possible offices of love, and to serve +him especially in those matters which regard his office of Turcoplerius, +and his Mastership. Moreover, if any honours in the gift and disposal of +your Reverence fall due to you, with firm confidence we beg of you to +vouchsafe to appoint and promote the foresaid Sir William Weston to the +same, which favour will be so pleasing and acceptable to us, that when +occasion offers we will endeavour to return it not only to your Reverence, +but also to your whole Order. And may every happiness attend you. + + From our Palace at Windsor, + First day of August, 1524, + Your good friend, + HENRY REX. + +No. III. + + Henry by the grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the + Faith, and Lord of Ireland, to the Rev. Father in Christ, Philip + Villiers de L'Isle Adam, Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem. + + Our most dear friend--Greeting: + +Ambrosius Layton, our subject, and brother of the same Order, has delivered +to us your Reverence's letter, and from it we very well understand the +matters concerning the said Order, which your Reverence had committed to +his charge to be delivered to us; but we have delayed to return an answer, +and we still delay, because we have understood that a general Chapter of +your whole Order will be held in a short time, to which we doubt not that +the more prudent and experienced of the brethren of the Order will come, +and we trust that, by the general wish and counsel of all of you, a place +may be selected for this illustrious Order which may be best suited for the +imperial support and advancement of the Republic, and for the assailing of +the infidels. When therefore your Reverence shall have made us acquainted +with the place selected for the said Chapter, you shall find us no less +prompt and ready than any other Christan prince in all things which can +serve to the advantage and support of the said Order. + + From our Palace at Richmond, + Fourth day (month omitted), 1526, + Your good friend, + HENRY REX. + +That the subject of the above letters may be better understood, it may be +necessary to state that L'Isle Adam was driven out of Rhodes by the Sultan +Solyman, after a most desperate and sanguinary struggle, which continued +almost without intermission from the 26th of June to the 18th of December, +1523. From this date to the month of October, 1530, nearly seven years, the +Order of St. John of Jerusalem had no fixed residence, and the Grand Master +was a wanderer in Italy, either in Rome, Viterbo, Naples, or Syracuse, +while begging of the Christian Powers to assist him in recovering Rhodes, +or Charles V. to give him Malta as a residence for his convent. It was +during this period that the above letters, and some others which I purpose +sending hereafter, were written. + +WILLIAM WINTHROP. + + * * * * * + +PENNY SIGHTS AND EXHIBITIONS IN THE REIGN OF JAMES I. + +The following curious list may amuse some of your readers. I met with it +among the host of panegyrical verses prefixed to Master Tom Coryate's +_Crudities_, published in 1611. Even in those days it will be admitted that +the English were rather fond of such things, and glorious Will himself +bears testimony to the fact. (See _Tempest_, Act II. Sc. 2.) The hexameter +verses are anonymous; perhaps one of your well-read antiquaries may be able +to assign to them the author, and be disposed to annotate them. I would +particularly ask when was Drake's ship broken up, and is there any date on +the chair[1] made from the wood, which is now to be seen at the Bodleian +Library, Oxford? + + "Why doe the rude vulgar so hastily post in a madnesse + To gaze at trifles, and toyes not worthy the viewing? + {559} + And thinke them happy, when may be shew'd for a penny + The Fleet-streete Mandrakes, that heavenly motion of Eltham, + Westminster Monuments, and Guildhall huge Corinaeus, + That horne of Windsor (of an Unicorne very likely), + The cave of Merlin, the skirts of Old Tom a Lincolne, + King John's sword at Linne, with the cup the Fraternity drinke in, + The tombe of Beauchampe, and sword of Sir Guy a Warwicke, + The great long Dutchman, and roaring Marget a Barwicke, + The mummied Princes, and Caesar's wine yet i' Dover, + Saint James his ginney-hens, the Cassawarway[2] moreover, + The Beaver i' the Parke (strange Beast as e'er any man saw), + Downe-shearing Willowes with teeth as sharpe as a hand-saw, + The lance of John a Gaunt, and Brandon's still i' the Tower, + The fall of Ninive, with Norwich built in an hower. + King Henries slip-shoes, the sword of valiant Edward, + The Coventry Boares-shield, and fire-workes seen but to bedward, + Drake's ship at Detford, King Richard's bed-sted i' Leyster, + The White Hall Whale-bones, the silver Bason i' Chester; + The live-caught Dog-fish, the Wolfe, and Harry the Lyon, + Hunks of the Beare Garden to be feared, if he be nigh on. + All these are nothing, were a thousand more to be scanned, + (Coryate) unto thy shoes so artificially tanned." + +In explanation of the last line, Tom went no less than 900 miles on one +pair of soles, and on his return he hung up these remarkable shoes for a +memorial in Odcombe Church, Somersetshire, where they remained till 1702. + +Another "penny" sight was a trip to the top of St. Paul's. (See Dekker's +_Gul's Horne Book_, 1609.) + +A. GRAYAN. + +[Footnote 1: The date to Cowley's lines on the chair is 1662.] + +[Footnote 2: "An East Indian bird at Saint James, in the keeping of Mr. +Walker, that will carry no coales, but eate them as whot as you will."] + + * * * * * + +THE IMPOSSIBILITIES OF OUR FOREFATHERS. + +In turning over the pages of old authors, it is amusing to note how the +_mountains_ of our primitive ancestors have become _mole-hills_ in the +hands of the present generation! A few instances would, I think, be very +instructive; and, to set the example, I give you the following from my own +note-book. + +_The Overland Journey to India._--From the days of Sir John Mandeville, +until a comparatively recent period, how portentous of danger, difficulty, +and daring has been the "Waye to Ynde wyth the Maruelyes thereof!" + +In _Lingua, or the Combat of the Tongue_, by Brewer, London, 1657, +originally published in 1607, Heursis complains that Phantases had +interrupted his cogitations upon three things which had troubled his brain +for many a day: + + "_Phant._ Some great matters questionless; what were they? + + _Heur._ The quadrature of the circle, the philosopher's stone, and the + _next way to the Indies_. + + _Phant._ Thou dost well to meditate on these things all at once, for + they'll be found out altogether, _ad graecas calendas_." + +Dr. Robertson's _Disquisition on the Knowledge the Ancients had of India_, +shows that communications overland existed from a remote period; and we +know that the East India Company had always a route open for their +dispatches on emergent occasions; but let the reader consult the +_Reminiscences_ of Dr. Dibdin, and he will find an example of its utter +uselessness when resorted to in 1776 to apprize the Home Government of +hostile movements on the part of an enemy. To show, however, in a more +striking light, the difference between the "overland route" a century back, +and that of 1853, I turn up the _Journal of Bartholomew Plaisted_: London, +1757. This gentleman, who was a servant of the East India Company, tells us +that he embarked at Calcutta in 1749 for England; and, after encountering +many difficulties, reached Dover _via_ Bussorah, Aleppo, and Marseilles in +twelve months! Bearing this in mind, let the reader refer to the London +daily papers of this eighth day of November, 1853, and he will find that +intelligence reached the city on that afternoon of the arrival at Trieste +of the _Calcutta_ steamer, furnishing us with telegraph advices from-- + + Bengal, Oct. 3. 36 days! + Bombay, Oct. 14. 25 days!! + Hong Kong, Sept. 27. 46 days!!! + +Rapid as this is, and strikingly as it exemplifies the gigantic appliances +of our day, the cry of Heursis in the play is still for the _next_, or a +nearer _way to India_; and, besides the _Ocean Mail_, the magnificent +sailing vessels, and the steamers of _fabulous_ dimensions said to be +building for the Cape route to perform the passage from London to Calcutta +in thirty days, we are promised the _electric telegraph_ to furnish us with +news from the above-named ports in a less number of _hours_ than _days_ now +occupied! + +{560} + +We have thus seen that the impetus once given, it is impossible to limit or +foresee where this tendency to knit us to the farthermost parts of the +world will end! + +"Steam to India" was nevertheless almost stifled at its birth, and its +early progress sadly fettered and retarded by those whose duty it was to +have fostered and encouraged it--I mean the East India Company. From this +censure of a body I would exclude some of their servants in India, and +particularly a name that may be new to your readers in connexion with this +subject, that of the late Mr. Charles P. Greenlaw of Calcutta, to whom I +would ascribe all honour and glory as the great _precursor_ of the +movement, subsequently so triumphantly achieved by the Peninsular and +Oriental Company. This gentleman, at the head of the East India Company's +Marine Establishment in Bengal, brought all the enthusiasm of his character +to bear upon the question of steam _via_ the Red Sea; and raised such an +agitation in the several Presidencies, that the _slow coach_ in Leadenhall +Street was compelled to move on, and Mr. Greenlaw lived to see his labours +successful. Poor Greenlaw was as deaf as a post, and usually carried on his +arm a flexible pipe, with an ivory tip and mouth-piece, through which he +received the communications of his friends. How often have I seen him, +after an eloquent appeal on behalf of his scheme, hand this to the party he +would win over to his views: and if the responses sent through it were +favourable, he was delighted; but, if the contrary, his irascibility knew +no bounds; and snatching his pipe from the mouth of the senseless man who +could not see the value of "steam for India," he would impatiently coil it +round his arm, and, with a recommendation to the less sanguine to give the +subject the attention due to its importance, would whisk himself off to +urge his point in some other quarter! I have already said that Mr. Greenlaw +lived to see the overland communication firmly established; and his fellow +citizens, to mark their high estimation of his character, and the unwearied +application of his energies in the good cause, have embellished their fine +"Metcalfe Hall" with a marble bust of this best of advocates for the +interests of India. + +J. O. + + * * * * * + +PARALLEL PASSAGES. + +(Vol. viii., p. 372.) + +Adopting the suggestion of F. W. J., I contribute the following parallel +passages towards the collection which he proposes: + + 1. "And He said unto them, Take heed and beware of covetousness, for a + man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he + possesseth."--Luke xii. 15. + + "Non possidentem multa vocaveris + Recte beatum; rectius occupat + Nomen beati, qui Deorum + Muneribus sapienter uti, + Duramque callet pauperiem pati; + Pejusque leto flagitium timet."--Hor. _Carm._, lib. IV. ode ix. + + 2. "For that which I do I allow not: for what I would that do I not; + but what I hate that do I."--Rom. vii. 15. + + "Sed trahit invitam nova vis; aliudque Cupido, + Mens aliud suadet. Video meliora, proboque: + Deteriora sequor."--Ovid, _Metam._, lib. VII. 19-21. + + "Quae nocuere sequar, fugiam quae profore credam."--_Hor._, lib. I. epist. + viii. 11. + + 3. "Without father, without mother, without descent," &c.--Heb. vii. 3. + + "Ante potestatem Tulli atque ignobile regnum, + Multos saepe viros, nullis majoribus ortos + Et vixisse probes," &c.--Hor. _Sat._ I. vi. 9. + + 4. "For I have said before, that ye are in our hearts to die and live + with you."--2 Cor. vii. 3. + + "Tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam libens."--Hor. _Carm._, lib. III. ix. + + 5. "Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die."--1 Cor. xv. 32. + + "Convivae certe tui dicunt, Bibamus moriendum est."--Senec. _Controv._ + xiv. + + 6. "Be not thou afraid though one be made rich, or if the glory of his + house be increased; for he shall carry nothing away with him when he + dieth, neither shall his pomp follow him."--Ps. xlix. 16, 17. + + "How loved, how honoured once, avails thee not; + To whom related, or by whom begot: + A heap of dust alone remains of thee. + 'Tis all thou art, and all the proud shall be."--Pope. + + "Divesne, prisco natus ab Inacho, + Nil interest, an pauper, et infima + De gente sub divo moreris, + Victima nil miserantis Orci."--Hor. _Carm._, lib. II. iii. + +The following close parallelism between Ben Jonson and Horace, though a +little wide of your correspondent's suggestion, is also worthy of notice. I +have never before seen it remarked upon. It would, perhaps, be more correct +to describe it as a plagiarism than as a parallelism: + + "_Mosca._ And besides, Sir, + You are not like the thresher that doth stand + With a huge flail, watching a heap of corn, + And, hungry, dares not taste the smallest grain, + But feeds on mallows, and such bitter herbs; + Nor like the merchant, who hath filled his vaults + With Romagnia, and rich Candian wines, + Yet drinks the lees of Lombard's vinegar: + You will lie not in straw, whilst moths and worms + {561} + Feed on your sumptuous hangings and soft beds; + You know the use of riches."--Ben Johnson, _The Fox_. + + "Si quis ad ingentem frumenti semper acervum + Prorectus vigilet cum longo fuste, neque illinc + Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum, + Ac potius foliis parcus vescatur amaris: + Si, positis intus Chii veterisque Falerni + Mille cadis--nihil est, tercentum millibus, acre + Potet acetum; age, si et stramentis incubet, unde-- + Octoginta annos natus, cui stragula vestis, + Blattarum ac tinearum epulae, putrescat in arca."--Hor. _Sat._, lib. II. + iii. + +JOHN BOOKER. + +Prestwich. + + * * * * * + +ASTROLOGY IN AMERICA. + +The six following advertisements are cut from a recent Number of the _New +York Herald_: + + "Madame Morrow, seventh daughter of a seventh daughter, and a + descendant of a line of astrologers reaching back for centuries, will + give ladies private lectures on all the events of life, in regard to + health, wealth, love, courtship, and marriage. She is without exception + the most wonderful astrologist in the world, or that has ever been + known. She will even tell their very thoughts, and will show them the + likenesses of their intended husbands and absent friends, which has + astonished thousands during her travels in Europe. She will leave the + city in a very short time. 76. Broome Street, between Cannon and + Columbia. Gentlemen are not admitted." + + "Madame la Compt flatters herself that she is competent, by her great + experience in the art of astrology, to give true information in regard + to the past, present, and future. She is able to see clearly any losses + her visitors may have sustained, and will give satisfactory information + in regard to the way of recovery. She has and continues to give perfect + satisfaction. Ladies and gentlemen 50 cents. 13. Howard Street." + + "Mad. la Compt has been visited by over two hundred ladies and + gentlemen the past week, and has given perfect satisfaction; and, in + consideration of the great patronage bestowed upon her, she will remain + at 13. Howard Street for four days more, when she will positively sail + for the South." + + "Mrs. Alwin, renowned in Europe for her skill in foretelling the + future, has arrived, and will furnish intelligence about all + circumstances of life. She interprets dreams, law matters, and love, by + astrology, books, and science, and tells to ladies and gentlemen the + name of the persons they will marry; also the names of her visitors. + Mrs. Alvin speaks the English, French and German languages. Residence, + 25. Rivington Street, up stairs, near the Bowery. Ladies 50 cents, + gentlemen 1 dollar." + + "Mrs. Prewster, from Philadelphia, tenders her services to the ladies + and gentlemen of this city in astrology, love, and law matters, + interpreting dreams, &c., by books and science, constantly relied on by + Napoleon; and will tell the name of the lady or gentleman they will + marry; also the names of the visitors. Residence, No. 59. Great Jones + Street, corner of the Bowery. Ladies 50 cents, gentlemen 1 dollar." + + "The celebrated Dr. F. Shuman, Swede by birth, just arrived in this + city, offers his services in astrology, physiognomy, &c. He can be + consulted on matters of love, marriage, past, present, and future + events in life. Nativity calculated for ladies and gentlemen. Mr. S. + has travelled through the greater part of the world in the last + forty-two years, and is willing to give the most satisfactory + information. Office, 175. Chambers Street, near Greenwich." + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +"_Hierosolyma est perdita._"--Whilst studying in Germany, I remember seeing +one day some Jews in a great passion because a few little boys had been +shouting "Hep! hep!" On information I heard, that whenever the German +knights headed a Jew-hunt in the Middle Ages, they always raised the cry +"Hep! hep!" This is remembered even to the present day. + +HENRI VAN LAUN. + +King William's College, Isle of Man. + +_Quaint Inscription in a Belfry._--I think the following unique piece of +authorship deserves, for its quaint originality, a corner in "N. & Q." It +is copied from an inscription dated Jan. 31, 1757, in the belfry of the +parish church of Fenstanton, Hunts: + + "January y^e 31, 1757. + Hear was ten defran^t + Peals Rung in 50 minutes + which is 1200, + Changes by thouse, + names who are Under. + + 1. Jn^o Allin + 2. Jm^s Brown + 3. Jno. Cade + 4. Rob^t Cole + 5. Will^m How." + + "All you young Men y^t larn y^o Ringen Art, + Besure you see & will perform your part + no Musick with it Can Excell. + nor be compared to y^e Melodeus bells." + +Perhaps I may as well add that this is a faithful copy of the original +inscription, both in orthography and punctuation. + +W. T. WATTS. + +St. Ives, Hunts. + +_The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and Judah._--After the many +conjectures which have been formed respecting the [Hebrew: SPR DBRY HYMYM] +of the kings of Israel and Judah, allow me to suggest the probability of +their bearing some resemblance to the records of the "wars" and "might" of +the monarchs of Assyria, recently brought to light by Mr. Layard. + +[Hebrew: P]. + +_The Using a Circumstance as a "Peg," or "Nail," to hang an Argument on, +&c._--In the parliamentary debates we frequently read of one honorable +member accusing another honorable member of dragging in a certain +expression or quotation for the mere sake of hanging upon it some argument +or observation apposite to his motion or resolution.--Query, The origin of +this term? + +My attention was drawn to it by reading the First Lesson at Morning Prayer +for 25th May, viz. Ezra ix. 8., where the expression means something to +hold by, or some resting-place. + +In the following verse, the term is changed into "a wall," meaning some +support or help. + +Has this passage ever challenged the attention of any of your numerous +readers, or can the common saying fairly be referred to it? + +ANON. + +Norwood. + +_Turkish and Russian Grammars._--At the present moment it may be found +interesting to make a note of it for "N. & Q.," that the first {562} +Turkish and Russian grammars published in this country appeared at Oxford; +the Turkish, by Seaman, in 1670, and the Russian, by Ludolf, in 1696. Both +are written in Latin. + +J. M. + +_Oxford._ + +_Chronograms in Sicily._--After the opening of the gold mines at +Fiume-di-Nisi, which are now being reworked, the Messinese struck coins +bearing the motto-- + + "eX VIsCerIbVs MeIs haeC fVnDItVr." + +Giving XVICIVMICVDIV. 1734? + +On a fountain near the church of St. Francesco di Paola: + + "D. O. M. + Imperante Carlo VI., Vicregente Comite de Palma, + Gubernante Civitatem Comite de Wallis. + + P. P. P. + Vt aCtIonIbVs nostrIs IVste proCeDaMVs." + +Which gives VCIIVIIVCDMV. 1724. + +The death of Charles, Infanta of Spain, is thus indicated: + + "FILIVs ante DIeM patrIos InqVIrIt In annos." + +1568. + +G. E. T. S. R. N. + +_Stone Pulpits._--A complete list of _ancient_ stone pulpits in England and +Wales would be desirable. Their positions should be specified; and whether +in use or not, should be stated. I have seen the following: + +Nantwich, Cheshire; at the junction of north transept and chancel (not +used). + +Bristol Cathedral; adjoining one of the north pillars of nave (not used). + +Wolverhampton Collegiate Church; adjoining one of south pillars of nave (in +use?) + +T. H. KERSLEY, B.A. + +Audlem, Nantwich. + +_Advertisements and Prospectuses._--It is, I believe, the custom for the +most part to make wastepaper of the advertisements and prospectuses that +are usually stitched up, in considerable numbers, with the popular reviews +and magazines. Now, as these adventitious sheets often contain scraps and +fragments of contemporaneous intelligence, literary and bibliographical, +with occasional artistic illustrations, would it not be well to preserve +them, and to bind them up in a separate form at the end of the year; +connecting them with the particular review or magazine to which they +belonged, but describing also the contents of the volume by a distinct +lettering-piece? + +If the work of destruction of such frail, but frequently interesting +records, should go on at the present rate, posterity will be in danger of +losing many valuable data respecting the state of British literature at +different periods, as depicted by a humbler class of documents, employed by +it for the diffusion of its copious productions. + +JOHN MACRAY. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +ENGLISH REFUGEES AT YPENSTEIN. + +When I was at Alkmaar about thirty years ago, I strolled to the +neighbouring village of Heilo, on the road to Limmen, where I saw, +surrounded by a moat, the foundations of the castle of Ypenstein. A view of +this once noble pile is to be found in the well-known work of Rademaker, +_Kabinet van Nederlandsche en Kleefsche Oudheden_. This place, as tradition +tells, once witnessed the perpetration of a violent deed. When the son of +the unfortunate Charles I. was an exile in our country, this house +Ypenstein was occupied by a family of English emigrants, high in rank, who +lived here for a while in quiet. How far these exiles were even here secure +from the spies of Cromwell appeared on a certain dark night, after a +suspicious vessel had been seen from the village of Egmond, when an armed +band of the Protector's Puritans, led by a guide, marched over the heath to +the house Ypenstein, seized all the inhabitants, and carried them off, by +the way they had come, to the coast, put them on board, and transported +them most probably to England. In such secresy and silence was this +violation of territory and the rights of hospitality perpetrated, that no +one in the neighbourhood perceived anything of the occurrence, except a +miller who saw the troop crossing the pathless heath in the direction of +the coast, but could not conceive what had brought so many persons together +in such a place at midnight. + +I would gladly learn whether anything is known of this transaction; and if +so, where I may find farther particulars of this English family, their +probable political importance, &c. To investigate the truth of this +tradition, that we may acquit or convict the far-famed Cromwell of so foul +a crime, cannot certainly be untimely now that two celebrated learned men +have undertaken to vindicate his memory.--From the _Navorscher_. + +INQUAERITOR. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Petrarch's Laura._--Mr. Mathews, in his _Diary of an Invalid in Italy, +&c._, p. 380., in speaking of the outrages and indignities which, during +the Revolution, were committed throughout France on the remains of the +dead, and were amongst the most revolting of its horrors, mentions, on the +authority of a fellow-passenger, an eye-witness, that the body of +Petrarch's Laura had been seen exposed to the most brutal indignities in +the streets of Avignon. He told Mr. Mathews that {563} it had been +embalmed, and was found in a mummy state, of a dark brown colour. I have +not met with any mention of these these circumstances elsewhere. Laura is +stated to have died of the plague (which seems to render it unlikely that +her body was embalmed): and according to Petrarch's famous note on his MS. +of Virgil, she was buried the same day, after vespers, in the church of the +Cordeliers. The date was April 1, 1348. That church was long celebrated for +her tomb, which contained also the body of Hugues de Sade, her husband. The +edifice is stated to be ruined, its very site being converted into a +fruit-garden; but the tomb is said to be still entire under the ground: and +more than twenty years after the French Revolution, a small cypress was +pointed out as marking the spot where Laura was interred. + +Is the circumstance of the desecration of her tomb mentioned by any other +writer? If it really took place, are we to conclude that the tree--if it +still exists--marks only the place where she had been interred: for, that +the body was rescued and recommitted to the tomb, can hardly be supposed? + +WM. SIDNEY GIBSON. + +"_Epitaphium Lucretiae._"--The following lines are offered for insertion, +not because I doubt their being known to many of your readers, but with a +view to ask the name of the author: + + "_Epitaphium Lucretiae._ + Dum foderet ferro tenerum Lucretia pectus + Sanguinis et torrens egrederetur: ait, + 'Accedant testes me non cessisse tyranno + 'Ante virum sanguis, spiritus ante Deos.'" + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_McDowall Family._--More than a century ago there was a family (since +extinct) of the name of McDowall, in the county Cavan, Ireland, belonging +to some branch of the ancient and noble Scottish family of that name, who +had migrated to these shores. Perhaps some of your readers could inform me +as to what branch they belonged, and when they settled in Ireland, as also +if there be any pedigree of them extant, as I am very anxious to learn +something of them at all events? + +GULIELMUS. + +Dublin. + +_Arms of Geneva._--Will any of your correspondents oblige me with a +technical blazon of the arms of the town of Geneva? + +F. F. B. + +Bury St. Edmunds. + +_Webb of Monckton Farleigh._--Perhaps some reader of "N. & Q." would be so +good as to inform me what were the arms, crest, and motto of the Webbs of +Monckton Farleigh, co. Wilts; also, if there be any pedigree of them +extant, and where it is to be found; or otherwise would direct me what +would be my best means to ascertain some account of that family, who are +now represented by the Duke of Somerset? + +HENRI. + +Dublin. + +_Translation Wanted._--Can any of your correspondents inform me where I may +meet with a translation by the Rev. F. Hodgson, late Provost of Eton, &c., +of the _Atys_ of Catllus? + +P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. + +_Latin Translation from Sheridan, &c._--My treacherous memory retains one +line only of each of two translations into Latin verse, admirably done, of +two well-known pieces of English poetry. The first from a song by Sheridan, +of the lines: + + "Nor can I believe it then, + Till it gently press again." + + "Conscia ni dextram dextera pressa premat." + +The second: + + "Man wants but little here below, + Nor wants that little long." + +is thus rendered: + + "Poscimus in terris pauca, nec illa diu." + +If in the circle of your correspondents the complete translations can be +furnished, you will by their insertion, gratify other lovers of modern +Latin poetry besides + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_Gale of Rent._--I can imagine what is meant by a _gale of rent_, and be +thankful I have not to pay one. But what is the origin of the term _gale_ +as thus applied? + +Y. B. N. J. + +_Arms of Sir Richard de Loges._--What were the arms borne by Sir Richard de +Loges, or Lodge, of Chesterton, in the county of Warwick, temp. Henry IV.? + +LN. + +_Gentile Names of the Jews._--Are the Jews known to each other by their +Gentile names of Rothschild, Montefiore, Davis, &c.? or are these only +their _nommes de guerre_, assumed and abandoned at will on change of +country? + +G. E. T. S. R. N. + +_Henry, Earl of Wotton_ (Vol. viii., pp. 173. 281.).--The editors of the +_Navorscher_ express their thanks to BROCTUNA for his reply to their Query, +but hope he will kindly increase their debt of gratitude by elucidating +three points which seem to them obscure: + +1. Which Lord Stanhope died childless? Not Henry, Lord Stanhope, for he +(see p. 281.) left a son and two daughters; nor yet Philip, for his widow +had borne him daughters. Or have we wrongly understood the letters _s. p._ +to signify _sine prole_? + +2. Was it the Earl of Chesterfield, half-brother of Charles Henry van den +Kerckhove, or Charles {564} Stanhope his nephew, who took the name of +Wotton? + +3. Knight's _National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge_ (vol. xi. p. 374.) +names James Stanhope, Earl Stanhope, the eldest son of the Hon. Alexander +Stanhope, second son of Philip Stanhope, first Earl of Chesterfield. Had +the latter then, besides the above-named (see p. 281.) Henry, Lord +Stanhope, also other sons? + +_Kicker-eating._--Can any of your West Yorkshire readers supply me with +information relative to a practice which is said formerly to have prevailed +at Cleckheaton, of eating "kicker," or horseflesh? It is a fact that +natives of that locality who come to reside at Leeds are still subjected to +the opprobrium of being _kicker-eaters_. + +H. W. + +_Chadderton of Nuthurst, co. Lancashire._--When did the family of +Chadderton become extinct? Had Edmund Chadderton, son and heir of George +Chadderton by Jane Warren of Poynton, any descendants? and if so, what were +their names and the dates of their respective births, marriages, and +deaths? In short, any particulars relating to them down to the period of +the extinction of this family would be most acceptable. + +J. B. + +_George, first Viscount Lanesborough, and Sir Charles Cotterell._--G. S. S. +begs to submit the following questions to the readers of "N. & Q.:" When +did George Lane, first Viscount Lanesborough, in Ireland, die? And when Sir +Charles Cotterell, the translator of _Cassandra?_ Where were they both +buried? + +_"Firm was their faith," &c._--Who was the writer of those beautiful lines, +of which the following, the only verse I remember, is a portion? + + "Firm was their faith, the ancient bands, + The wise in heart, in wood and stone, + Who rear'd with stern and trusting hands, + The dark grey towers of days unknown. + They fill'd those aisles with many a thought, + They bade each nook some truth recall, + The pillar'd arch its legend brought, + A doctrine came with roof and wall!" + +And where can they be met with entire? + +P. M. + +_The Mother of William the Conqueror._--Can you or any of your +correspondents say which is right? In Debrett's _Peerage_ for 1790 the +genealogy of the Marchioness Grey gives her descent from "Rollo or Fulbert, +who was chamberlain to Robert, Duke of Normandy; and of his gift had the +castle and manor of Croy in Picardy, whence his posterity assumed their +surname, afterwards written de Grey. Which Rollo had a daughter Arlotta, +mother of William the Conqueror." Now history says that the mother of the +Conqueror was Arlette or Arlotte, the daughter of a tanner at Falaise. We +know how scrupulous the Norman nobility were in their genealogical records; +and likewise that in the lapse of time mistakes are perpetuated and become +history. Can history in this instance be wrong? and if so, how did the +mistake arise? I shall feel obliged to any one who can furnish farther +information on the subject. + +ALPHA. + +_Pedigree of Sir Francis Bryan._--This accomplished statesman, and ornament +of Henry VIII.'s reign, married Joan of Desmond, Countess Dowager of +Ormonde, and died childless in Ireland A.D. 1550. Query, Did any cadet of +his family accompany him to that country? I found a Louis Bryan settled in +the county of Kilkenny in Elizabeth's reign, and suspect that he came in +through the connexion of Sir F. Bryan with the Ormonde family. Any +information as to the arms and pedigree of Sir F. Bryan will greatly oblige + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +"_The Whole Duty of Man._"--Of what nature is the testimony that this book +was written by Dorothy Coventry, "the good Lady Pakington?" + +QUAESITOR. + + [The supposition that Lady Packington was the author of _The Whole Duty + of Man_, arose from a copy of it in her handwriting having been found + at Westwood after her death. (Aubrey's _Letters_, vol. ii. p. 125.) But + the strongest evidence in favour of Lady Packington is the following + note: "Oct. 13, 1698. Mr. Thomas Caulton, Vicar of Worksop, in + Nottinghamshire, in the presence of William Thornton, Esq., and his + lady, Mrs. Heathcote, Mrs. Ashe, Mrs. Caulton, and John Hewit, Rector + of Harthill, declared the words following: 'Nov. 5, 1689. At + Shire-Oaks, Mrs. Eyre took me up into her chamber after dinner, and + told me that her daughter Moyser, of Beverley, was dead. Among other + things concerning the private affairs of the family, she told me who + was the author of _The Whole Duty of Man_, at the same time pulling out + of a private drawer a MS. tied together, and stitched in 8vo., which + she declared was the original copy written by Lady Packington her + mother, who disowned ever having written the other books imputed to be + by the same author, excepting _The Decay of Christian Piety_. She + added, too, that it had been perused in MS. by Dr. Covel, Master of + Trinity College, Cambridge, Dr. Stamford, Prebendary of York, and Mr. + Banks, Rector of the Great Church at Hull.' Mr. Caulton declared this + upon his death-bed, two days before his decease. W. T. and J. H." This + is quoted from the Rev. W. B. Hawkins's Introduction to Pickering's + edition of 1842; and a similar account, with unimportant variations, is + given in "N. & Q.," Vol. ii. p. 292.: see also Vol. v., p. 229., and + Vol. vi., p. 537.] + +{565} + +_"It rained cats and dogs and little pitchforks."_--_Helter-skelter._--What +can be the origin of this saying? I can imagine that rain may descend with +such sharpness and violence as to cause as much destruction as a shower of +"pitchforks" would; but if any of your readers can tell me why heavy rain +should be likened to "cats and dogs," I shall be truly obliged. Many years +ago I saw a most cleverly drawn woodcut, of a party of travellers +encountering this imaginary shower; some of the animals were descending +helter-skelter from the clouds; others wreaking their vengeance on the +amazed wayfarers, while the "pitchforks" were running into the bodies of +the terrified party, while they were in vain attempting to run out of the +way of those which were threatening to fall upon their heads, and thus +striking them to the ground. So strange an idea must have had some peculiar +origin.--Can you or your readers say what it is? + +M. E. C. + +P. S.--I find I have used a word above, of which every one knows the +_signification_, "helter-skelter;" but I, for one, confess myself ignorant +of its _derivation_. And I shall be glad to be informed on the subject. + + [As to the etymology of _helter-skelter_, Sir John Stoddart remarks, + "The real origin of the word is obscure. If we suppose the principal + meaning to be in the first part, it may probably come from the Islandic + _hilldr_ pugna; if in the latter part, it may be from the German + _schalten_, to thrust forward, which in the dialect of the north of + England means 'to scatter and throw abroad as molehills are when + levelled;' or from _skeyl_, which in the same dialect is 'to push on + one side, to overturn.'"] + +_Father Traves._--Can any of your Lancashire readers refer me to a source +whence I might obtain information on matters pertaining to the life of one +Father Travers [Traves], the friend and correspondent of the celebrated +martyr John Bradford? + +As yet I have but met with the incidental mention of his name in the pages +of Fox, and in Hollingworth's _Mancuensis_, pp. 75, 76. + +A JESUIT. + + [The name is spelt by Fox sometimes Traves and sometimes Travers; but + who he was there is no particular mention; except that it appears from + Bradford's letters that he was some friend of the family, and from the + superscription to one of them, that he was the minister of Blackley, + near Manchester, in which place, or near to which, Bradford's mother + must then have resided. Strype says, he was a learned and pious + gentleman, his patron and counsellor.--_Mem. Eccles._, vol. iii. part + I. p. 364.] + +_Precise Dates of Births and Deaths of the Pretenders._--Will any one be so +kind as to tell me the date of the birth and death of James VIII. and his +son Charles III. (commonly called Prince Charles Edward Stuart)? These +dates are given so variously, that I am anxious to ascertain them +correctly. + +L. M. M. R. + + [We believe the following to be the precise dates:--James VIII., born + June 10, 1688; died January 2, 1765-6. Charles Edward, born December + 20, 1720 (sometimes printed as New Style, Dec. 31); died January 31, + 1788.] + +_Clarence._--Whence the name of this dukedom? Was the title borne by any +one before the time of Lionel, son of Edward III.? + +W. T. M. + + [The title CLARENCE was, as we learn from Camden (_Britannia_, edit. + Gough, vol. ii. pp. 73, 74.), derived from the honour of Clare, in + Suffolk; and was _first_ borne by Lionel Plantagenet, third son of + Edward III., who married Elizabeth de Burgh, daughter and heir of + William, Earl of Ulster, and obtained with her the honour of Clare. He + became, _jure uxoris_, Earl of Ulster, and was created, September 15, + 1362, Duke of Clarence.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +MACKEY'S "THEORY OF THE EARTH". + +(Vol. viii., p. 468.) + +About the year 1827, when the prosecutions for blasphemy were leading +hundreds and thousands to see what could be said against Christianity, with +a very powerful bias to make the most of all that they could find, some +friends of mine, of more ingenuity than erudition, strongly recommended to +my attention the works of a shoemaker at Norwich, named Mackey, who they +said was more learned than any one else, and had completely shown up _the +thing_. It is worth a note that I perfectly remember the cause of their +excitement to have been the imprisonment of the Rev. Robert Taylor, for +publishing various arguments against revelation. I examined several works +of Mackey's, and I have yet one or two bound up among my wonders of nature +and art. As in time to come, when neither love nor money will procure a +copy of these books, some tradition may set inquirers looking after them, +perhaps it may be worth while to preserve a couple of extracts for the +benefit of those who have the sense to hunt the index of "N. & Q." before +they give up anything. + + "The Virgin Andromeda, the daughter of _Cepheus_ and _Cassiopeia_, was + the representative of Palestina; a long, narrow, rocky strip of land; + figuratively called the daughter of Rocks and Mountains; because it is + a country abounding with rocks and stones. And the Greeks, really + supposing _Cepha_, a rock or stone, to have been the young ladies + father, added their sign of the masculine gender to it, and it became + Cepha-_us_. And mount Cassius being its southern boundary was called + _Cassiobi_; from its being also the boundary of the _overflowed Nile_, + called Obi, which the Greeks {566} softened into _Cassiopeia_, and + supposed it to have been her mother;..."--_Mythological Astronomy, part + second_, Norwich, 1823, 12mo., p. xiii. + + "The story of ABRAHAM, notwithstanding all the endeavours of + theologians to give it the appearance of the history of human beings, + has preserved its mythological features with an outline and colouring, + easily to be recognised by every son of _Urania_ [Ur of the Chaldees is + subsequently made to contain the root of _Uranus_]. We have just seen + that the Egyptians have their harvest about the time which the sun + _passes over_ the equator, and if we go back to the time of _Abraham_ + we shall find that the equator [perhaps he means equinox] was in + _Taurus_; the Egyptians must, then, have had their harvest while the + sun was in the Bull; the Bull was, therefore, in their figurative way + of speaking, the father of harvest, not only because he ploughed the + ground, but because the sun was there when they got in their harvest: + thus the Bull was doubly distinguished as their benefactor; he was now, + more than ever, become the _Bull of life_, i. e. he was not only called + _Abir_, the Bull, but _Abir-am_ or Ab'-r-am, the _Bull of life_,--the + father of harvest. And as their harvest was originally under the + direction of Iseth, or Isis, whatever belonged to harvest was _Isiac_; + but the Bull, _Abiram_, was now become the _father of Isiac_! and to + give this the appearance of a human descent, they added to Abir, the + masculine affix _ah_; then it became AB'-RH-AM who was the father of + Isiac. And we actually find _this equivoque_ in the hebrew history of + _Abram_ whom the Lord afterwards called _Abraham_, who was the _father + of Isaac_, whose seed was to be countless as the sand on the sea-shore + for multitude; even this is truly applied to _Isiac_ the offspring of + Ab'-rh-am; for countless indeed are the offspring of the _scythe and + sickle_! but if we allow _Isiac_ to be a _real son of Ab-rah-am_ we + must enquire after his _mother_. During the time that the equator + [perhaps he means the sun] is passing through the constellation of the + Bull in the spring, the Bull would _rise in the east_ every morning in + the harvest time, in Egypt,--but in the _poetical language of the + ancients_, it would be said that, when ABIR-AM _consorts_ with _Aurora_ + he will produce _Isiac_. But _Aurora_ is well known to be the _golden + splendour of the east_, and the brightness of the east is called + _Zara_, and the morning star is _Serah_, in the eastern languages, and + we find a similar change of sound in the name of Isaac's mother, whom + the Lord would no longer call _Sarai_ but Sarah. _These_ ARE remarkable + coincidences!"--_Companion to the Mythological Astronomy_, Norwich, + 1824, 12mo. pp. 177-179. + +M. + +In answer to the inquiry respecting this singular man, I beg to say that I +remember him between the years 1826 and 1830, as a shoemaker in Norwich. He +was in a low rank of trade, and in poor circumstances, which he endeavoured +to improve by exhibiting at private houses an orrery of his own making. He +was recognised as a "genius;" but, as may be seen by his writings, had +little reverence for established forms of belief. At the period of which I +speak, which was soon after the publication of his first work, I knew but +little of his mind, and lost sight of him altogether till about 1840. Then +circumstances connected with my own line of study led me to call on him in +Doughty's Hospital, Norwich, an asylum for aged persons. I found him +surrounded by astronomical apparatus, books, the tools of his former trade, +and all kinds of strange litters. In the conversation that ensued, I +learned much of the workings of his mind; though his high self-appreciation +could not descend to unreserved converse with a woman. My object was, to +ascertain by what steps he had arrived at his theory of the earth's motion, +but I could gain nothing distinct. He mentioned the _Asiatic Researches_ as +containing vast information on his peculiar subject; quoted Latin, and I +think Greek, authors; and seemed to place great dependence on Maurice and +Bryant; but, above all, on Capt. Wilford's _Essays_. He showed me some +elaborate calculations, at which he was then working and still fancied +himself qualified, perhaps destined, to head a great revolution in the +astronomical world. I cannot say how far his knowledge of geology went, as +I am not well acquainted with that science. He had evidently read and +studied deeply, but alone; his own intellect had never been brushed by the +intellects and superior information of truly scientific men, and it +appeared to me that a vast deal of dirt, real dirt, had accumulated in his +mind. My visit disappointed and pained me, but he seemed gratified, and I +therefore promised to call again, which I did, but he was not at home. I +think this visit was soon after he had removed into the hospital, for I +then purchased his last work, _The Age of Mental Emancipation_, published +1836, before he obtained that asylum. He died before 1849, but I do not +know the exact year. + +In any next visit to Norwich, I will make inquiries on all points relating +to Mackey, of the very few persons now left who took interest in him, and I +think I can find the printer of his last pamphlet. + +I have not the work mentioned in "N. & Q.;" but, besides his last work, I +have _The Mythological Astronomy of the Ancients demonstrated_, which is +partly in poetry. + +I have been obliged to write this Note in the first person, as I can give +only my own impressions respecting Mackey; and I wish that ere this you may +have received clearer information from more competent persons. If your +Querist have the _least grain_ of faith in the theory of Mackey, I hope he +will not let the subject drop, for I have long been deeply interested in +it. + +F. C. B. + +Diss. + +Mackey, of whom your correspondent inquires, was an entirely self-educated +man, but a learned shoemaker, residing in Norwich. He devoted all his +leisure time to astronomical, geological, and {567} philological pursuits; +and had some share in the formation of a society in his native town, for +the purpose of debating questions relative to these sciences. I have +understood that he was for some time noticed by a small portion of the +scientific world, but afterwards neglected, as, from his own account, he +appears also to have been by his literary fellow townsmen; and at last to +have died in a Norwich alms-house. This is but a meagre account of the man, +but it is possible that I may be able to glean farther particulars on the +subject; for a medical friend of mine, who some time ago lent me +_Mythological Astronomy_, promised to let me see some papers in his +possession relative to this learned shoemaker's career, and to a few of his +unpublished speculations. When I have an opportunity of seeing these, I +shall be glad to communicate to your correspondent through "N. & Q." +anything of interest. The title-page of _Mythological Astronomy_ runs thus: + + "The Mythological Astronomy of the Ancients demonstrated by restoring + to their Fables and Symbols their Original Meanings. By Sampson Arnold + Mackey, Shoemaker. Norwich: printed by R. Walker, near the Duke's + Palace. Published May 1, 1822, by S. A. Mackey, Norwich." + +The book contains a variety of subjects, but principally treats of the +Hindoo, Greek, and Roman mythology; and endeavours to deduce all the fables +and symbols of the ancients from the starry sphere. It also contains a +singular hypothesis of the author's upon the celebrated island of Atlantis, +mentioned by Plato and other Greek authors; and some very curious +speculations concerning the doctrine of the change in the angle which the +plane of the ecliptic makes with the plane of the equator. + +Urania's _Key to the Revelations_ is bound up with the above work. I forgot +to say that his _Ancient Mythology demonstrated_ is written in verse, and +afterwards more fully explained by notes. His poetical abilities, however, +neither suit the subject, nor are of a very high order. His prose is +better, but here and there shows the deficiency of education. + +E. M. R. + +Grantham. + + * * * * * + +SINCERE, SIMPLE, SINGULAR. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328. 399.) + +When a hive of bees is taken, the practice is to lay the combs upon a sieve +over some vessel, in only that the honey may drain out of the combs. Whilst +the combs are in the hive, they hang perpendicularly, and each cell is +horizontal; and in this position the honey in the cells which are in the +course of being filled does not run out; but when the combs are laid on the +sieve horizontally, the cells on the lower side of the combs hang +perpendicularly, and then the honey begins to run out of those that are not +sealed up. The honey that so runs out is perfectly pure, and free from wax. +The cells, however, that are sealed up with wax still retain their honey; +and the ordinary process to extract it is to place the sieve with the combs +upon it so near a fire as gradually to melt the wax, so as to let the honey +escape. During this process, some portion of wax unavoidably gets mixed +with the honey. Here then we have two kinds of honey: one in a perfectly +pure state, and wholly _sine cera_; the other in some degree impure, and +mixed _cum cera_. Can anything be more reasonable than to suppose that the +former was called _sincerum mel_, just as we call it virgin honey? And this +accords with Ainsworth's derivation, "ex sine et cera: ut mel purum dicitur +quod cera non est permixtum." If it be said that there is nothing to show +that the old Romans adopted the process I have described, I reply it is +immaterial what process they followed in order to extract what would not +flow out of itself; as whatever did flow out of itself would be _mel sine +cera_. + +If such were the origin of the term, it is easy to see how appropriately, +in a secondary sense, it would denote whatever was pure, sweet, +unadulterated, and ingenuous. + +Now if we apply this sense to the line: + + "Sincerum est nisi vas quodcunque infundis acescit,"-- + +it will mean, "unless the vessel be sweet and pure, it will turn whatever +you pour into it sour." + +This is the interpretation that has always hitherto been put upon the line; +which is thus translated by Tommaso Gargallo, vol. iii. p. 19. edit. 1820: + + "Se non e puro il vase, ecco gia guasto + Che che v' infondi." + +And by Francis (vol. iv. p. 27., 6th edit.):-- + + "For tainted vessels sour what they contain." + +The context shows that this is the correct translation, as _sincerum vas_ +is obviously in opposition to "auriculas _collecta sorde_ dolentes," in the +preceding line. + +The line itself plainly refers to the well-known fact, that if wine or +other liquor be poured into a foul vessel, it will be polluted by it. Nor +can I avoid noticing the elegant opposition, according to this +construction, between the sweetness in _sincerum_, and the acidity in +_acescit_. + +I also think that MR. INGLESBY'S version cannot be correct for the +following reason. Cracks may exist in every part of a vessel alike; and as +the part filled by the liquor is always many times greater than the +remainder of the vessel, cracks would more frequently occur in the former; +and, as where air can get in the liquor can get out, it {568} is plain that +in the majority of instances the liquor would run away instead of turning +sour. Now the line plainly contains a _general_ affirmative proposition +that all liquor whatsoever will be turned sour, unless the vessel be +_sincerum_; and therefore that version cannot be right which applies only +to a few instances. + +"Sincerum cupimus vas incrustare" is well rendered by Gargallo (vol. ii. p. +37.): + + " . . . . Insudiciar bramiamo + Anco il vase piu puro;" + +and by Francis (vol. iii. p. 39.): + + "And joy th' untainted vessel to begrime." + +The passage is well explained in the note to Baxter's _Hor._ (p. 310. edit. +1809): + + "Incrustari vas dicitur cum aliquo vitioso succo illinitur atque + inquinatur." + +And the passage in the 18th satire of Lucilius shows that this is an +accurate explanation: + + " . . . . . Regionibus illis + Incrustatu' calix ruta caulive bibetur." + +A practice, I rather think, prevails in some parts of England of rubbing +the inside of a vessel with sweet herbs, in order to flavour cyder or other +liquor. + +It appears from the same note: + + "Fracta vasa et gypsare et pelliculare Veteres consuevere. Gypsantur et + pelliculantur vasa plena ad aera et sordes excludendas. Sincerum + proprie mel sine cera, vel, quod magis huc pertinet, vas non ceratum: + nam a ceratura odorem vel saporem trahit." + +If these passages show the practice of sealing vessels with wax, they also +show that the wax was what affected the flavour of the liquor. + +MR. JEFFCOCK plainly errs in saying that _simplex_ "does not mean without a +fold, but once folded." In Latin we have the series _simplex_, _duplex_, +_triplex_, &c., corresponding precisely to the English _single_, _double_, +_treble_, &c. And as _single_ denotes a thing without a fold, so does +_simplex_. MR. JEFFCOCK'S derivation would make _simplex_ and _duplex_ mean +the same thing. Now _duplex_ does not mean twice folded, but double. + +Nor can I think that _singulus_ can be "semel and termination." Ainsworth +derives it from the Hebrew [Hebrew: SGLH], which denotes whatever is +peculiar or singular. It occurs to me to suggest whether it may not be +derived from _sine angulis_. The term denotes unity--one person, one thing. +Now the Roman mark for one is a straight line, and that is "that which lies +evenly between its extreme points;" it is emphatically a line without bend, +angle, or turning--"linea sine angulis:" _angulus_, like its Greek +original, denoting any bend, whether made by a straight or curved line. + +Though I cannot at this moment refer to any other Latin words compounded of +_sine_, we have in Spanish _simpar_, without equal: _sinigual_, +_sinjusticia_, _sinrazon_, _sinnumero_, _sinsabor_. + +The delight I take in endeavouring to attain the correct meaning of the +classics will, I hope, form some apology for the length of this Note. + +S. G. C. + +Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + + * * * * * + +POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS. + +(Vol. viii., p. 242.) + +In an old collection of tavern signs of the last century, among many others +I find the following. On the sign of the "Arrow," at Knockholt, in Kent,-- + + "Charles Collins liveth here, + Sells rum, brandy, gin, and beer; + I made this board a little wider, + To let you know I sell good cyder." + +On the sign of the "Shoulder of Mutton and Cat," at Hackney, in +Middlesex,-- + + "Pray Puss don't tear, + For the mutton is so dear; + Pray Puss don't claw, + For the mutton yet is raw." + +On the sign of the "Gate," at Blean Hill, in Kent,-- + + "Stop, brave boys, and _squench_ your thirst, + If you won't drink, the horses must." + +On the sign of the "Ship in Distress," in Middle Street, Brighton, +Sussex,-- + + "With sorrows I am compass'd round; + Pray lend a hand, my ship's aground." + +On the sign of the "Waggon and Horses," in Black Lion Street, +Brighthelmstone,-- + + "Long have I travers'd both far and near, + On purpose to find out good beer, + And at last I found it here." + +RUBY. + +At a small way-side beer-shop in the parish of Werrington in the county of +Devon, a few years since there was the following sign: + + "The Lengdon Inn, kept by M. Vuller. + Gentlemen walk in and sit at your aise, + Pay for what you call for, and call for what you plaise; + As tristing of late has been to my sorrow, + Pay me to-day and I'll tristee to-morrow." + +J. D. + +Launceston. + +Not far from Kilpeck, Herefordshire, I have seen a wayside public-house, +exhibiting the sign of the "Oak," under which is the following couplet: + + "I am an oak, and not a yew, + So drink a cup with good John Pugh." + +{569} As "good John Pugh" sold excellent cider, I did not repent complying +with the injunction. + +W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +Temple. + +This is at a roadside public-house near Maidenhead, known by the sign of +the "Gate." It is thus: + + "This gate hangs high, + It hinders none; + Drink hearty, boys, + And travel on." + +I remember a sign near Marlborough of the "Red Cow," and the landlord, +being also a milkman, had inscribed under the rude drawing of a cow these +lines: + + "The Red Cow + Gives good milk now." + +NEWBURIENSIS. + + * * * * * + +HOMO UNIUS LIBRI. + +(Vol. viii., p. 440.) + +I have not verified in the works of St. Thomas this saying ascribed to him, +but I subjoin a passage from Bishop Taylor, where it is quoted: + + "A river cut into many rivulets divides also its strength, and grows + contemptible and apt to be forded by a lamb and drunk up by a summer + sun; so is the spirit of man busied in variety, and divided in itself; + it abates its fervour, cools into indifferency, and becomes trifling by + its dispersion and inadvertency. Aquinas was once asked, with what + compendium a man might best become learned? He answered, _By reading of + one book_; meaning that an understanding entertained with several + objects is intent upon neither, and profits not." --_Life of Christ_, + part ii. s. xii. 16. + +He also quotes Ecclus (xi. 10.), St. Gregory, St. Bernard, Seneca, +Quintillian, and Juvenal to the same purpose. + +Southey quotes part of this passage from Bishop Taylor (in the _Doctor_) +and adds: + + "Lord Holland's poet, the prolific Lope de Vega, tells us to the same + purport. The _Homo Unius Libri_ is indeed proverbially formidable to + all conversational figurantes: like your sharpshooter, he knows his + piece, and is sure of his shot." + +The truth of this dictum of St. Thomas cannot be too much insisted on in +this age of many books, which affords such incentives to literary +dissipation and consequent shallowness. + + "An intellectual man, as the world now conceives of him, is one who is + full of 'views,' on all subjects of philosophy, on all matters of the + day. It is almost thought a disgrace not to have a view at a moment's + notice on any question from the Personal Advent to the Cholera or + Mesmerism. This is owing in a great measure to the necessities of + periodical literature, now so much in request. Every quarter of a year, + every month every day, there must be a supply for the gratification of + the public, of new and luminous theories on the subjects of religion, + foreign politics, home politics, civil economy, finance, trade, + agriculture, emigration, and the colonies. Slavery, the gold fields, + German philosophy, the French empire, Wellington, Peel, Ireland, must + all be practised on, day after day, by what are called original + thinkers."--_Dr. Newman's Disc. on Univ. Educ._, p. xxv. (preface). + +This writer follows up the subject very ably, and his remarks on that +spurious philosophism which shows itself in what, for want of a better +word, he calls "viewiness," are worth the attention of all _homines unius +libri_. + +P.S.--As I think of it, I shall make a cognate Query. Some facetious +opponent of the schoolmen fathered on St. Thomas Aquinas an imaginary work +in sundry folio volumes entitled _De Omnibus Rebus_, adding an equally +bulky and imaginary supplement--_Et Quibusdam Aliis_. This is as often used +to feather a piece of unfledged wit, as the speculation concerning the +number of angels that could dance on the point of a needle, and yet I have +never been able to trace out the inventor of these visionary tomes. + +EIRIONNACH. + + * * * * * + +THE FORLORN HOPE. + +(Vol. viii., p. 411.) + +My attention was directed to the consideration of this expression some +years ago when reading in John Dymmoks' _Treatise of Ireland_, written +about the year 1600, and published among the _Tracts relating to Ireland, +printed for the Irish Archaeological Society_, vol. ii., the following +paragraph: + + "Before the vant-guard marched the _forelorn hope_, consisting of forty + shott and twenty shorte weapons, with order that they should not + discharge untill they presented theire pieces to the rebells' breasts + in their trenches, and that sooddenly the short weapons should enter + the trenches pell mell: vpon eyther syde of the vant-guarde (which was + observed in the batle and reare-guarde) marched wings of shott + enterlyned with pikes, to which were sent secondes with as much care + and diligence as occasion required. The baggage, and a parte of the + horse, marched before the battell; the rest of the horse troopes fell + in before the _rearewarde_ except thirty, which, in the head of the + _rearelorne hope_, conducted by Sir Hen. Danvers, made the retreit of + the whole army."--P.32. + +The terms _rearelorne hope_ and _forlorne hope_ occur constantly in the +same work, and bear the same signification as in the foregoing. + +Remarking upon this circumstance to my friend the late Dr. Graves, he wrote +the following notice of the word in the _Dublin Quarterly Journal of +Medical Science_, of which I was then the editor, in Feb. 1849: + + "Military and civil writers of the present day seem quite ignorant of + the true meaning of the words {570} _forlorn hope_. The adjective has + nothing to do with despair, nor the substantive with the 'charmer which + lingers still behind;' there was no such poetical depth in the words as + originally used. Every corps marching in any enemy's country had a + small body of men at the head (_haupt_ or _hope_) of the advanced + guard; and which was termed the _forlorne hope_ (_lorn_ being here but + a termination similar to _ward_ in _forward_), while another small body + at the head of the rere guard was called the _rear-lorn hope_ (xx.). A + reference to Johnson's _Dictionary_ proves that civilians were misled + as early as the time of Dryden by the mere sound of a technical + military phrase; and, in process of time, even military men forgot the + true meaning of the words. It grieves me to sap the foundations of an + error to which we are indebted for Byron's beautiful line: + + 'The full of hope, misnamed _forlorn_.'" + +W. R. WILDE. + +Dublin. + + * * * * * + +TIECK'S "COMOEDIA DIVINA." + +(Vol. viii., p. 126.) + +The title-page of this work is: _Comoedia Divina, mit drei Vorreden von +Peter Hammer, Jean Paul, und dem Herausgeber_, 1808. The absence of +publisher's name and place of publication leaves little doubt that the name +W. G. H. Gotthardt, and the date "Basel, Mai 1, 1808," are both fictitious. + +But for finding the passage cited by M. M. E. at p. 38., I should have +supposed that the Munich critic had referred to some other book with the +same title. No one who has read this can suppose it was written by Tieck. +The Catholic-romantic school, of which he was the most distinguished +member, furnishes the chief objects of the author's ridicule. Novalis, +Goerres, and F. Schlegel are the most prominent; but at p. 128. is an +absurd sonnet "an Tieck." + +The _Comoedia Divina_ is a very clever and somewhat profane satire, such as +Voltaire might have written had he been a German of the nineteenth century. +It opens with Jupiter complaining to Mercury of ennui (_eine langweilige +Existenz_), and that he is not what he was when young. Mercury advises a +trip to Leipzig fair, where he may get good medical advice for his gout, +and certainly will see something new. They go, and hear various dealers +sing the catalogues of their goods. The lines quoted by M. M. E. are sung +by a young man with a puppet-show and barrel-organ to the burden: + + "Orgelum Orgelei, + Dudeldum Dudeldei." + +He exhibits things taken from the physics of Oken, the metaphysics of +Schelling, and the aesthetics of Goerres. The whole of the song is good; +and I quote one stanza as showing a sound appreciation of the current +metaphysicians: + + "Die Intelligenz construirt sich in der Zeit + Als Object, und erkennt sich, und das ist gescheidt, + Denn aus diesen und andern Constructuren + Entstehen Lehrbuecher und Professuren." + +They visit the garret of Herr Novalis Octavianus Hornwunder, a maker of +books to order upon every subject: they learn the mysteries of the +manufacture. The scene is clever, but much of the wit is unappreciable as +directed against productions which have not survived. Jupiter, in +compassion to Hornwunder, changes him to a goose, immediately after which a +bookseller enters, and, mistaking the gods for authors, makes them an offer +of six dollars and twelve groschen the octavo volume, besides something for +the kitchen. Jupiter, enraged, changes him to a fox, which forthwith eats +the goose "feathers and all." + +They then go to see the play of the Fall of Man (_Der Suendenfall_). The +subject is treated after the manner of Hans Sachs, but with this +difference, that the simple-minded old Nuremberger saw nothing incongruous +in making Cain and Abel say their catechism, and Cain go away from the +examination to fight with the low boys in the street; whereas the author of +_Der Suendenfall_ is advisedly irreverent. Another proof, if one were +wanted, that he was not Tieck. + +_Die Ungoettliche Comoedie_ is not by Batornicki, but translated by him +from the Polish. In the preface he apologises for inelegant German, as that +is not his native language; and I presume he is a Pole, as he says the +author's name is known among us (_unter uns_). As he calls it a poem +(_Dichtung_) the original is probably in verse. I think the Munich critic +could have seen only some extracts from the _Comoedia Divina_; for, so far +from Batornicki "plundering freely," I do not find any resemblance between +the works except in the sole word _comoedia_. The _Comoedia Divina_ is a +mockery, not political, but literary, and as such anti-mystic and +conservative. _Die Ungoettliche Comoedie_ is wild, mystical, supernatural, +republican, and communistic. It contains passages of great power, +eloquence, and pathos. German critics are often prosy and inefficient, but +not given to wilful misrepresentation or carelessness in examining the +books they review. The writer in the Munich journal must be held an +exception. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + + * * * * * + +{571} + +LIVERIES WORN BY GENTLEMEN. + +(Vol. vi., p. 146.; Vol. viii., p. 473.) + +The prevalence of the custom of the liveries of noble and other persons +being worn by others than the retainers of the family, in the reigns of +Henry VI. and Elizabeth, is exemplified by two documents preserved amongst +the MSS. of the corporation of this borough. The first, which is also +curious as a specimen of the language of the period, is an award under the +seal of Margaret of Anjou; under whom, as they had previously done under +Katherine, queen of Henry V., the corporation farmed the bailiwick of the +town: + + "Margaret, by the grace of God, Quene of England and of Ffraunce and + Lady of Irland, Doughter of the Kyng of Sicile and Jer[=l][=m]. Be it + knawen to all men to whom this p'sent writyng (endented) shall come, + that whereas a certeyn Co[=m]ission of my fuldoutfull Lord was directed + to c'teyn [p=]sones to enquere as well of yevyng of lyu'e, as of other + diu's articles ... before the Co[=m]issioners of the seyd Co[=m]ission + it was p'sented by William Neuby and other of our te[=n][=n]tz of + Leycestre ... that c'teyn [p=]sones, in Leycestre, had taken clothyng + of diu'rez p'sones, ayenst the forme of the statut; that ys to wete, + that some of hem had taken clothyng of the Viscount Beaumont, and some + of S^r Edward Grey, Lord Fferrers of Growby, and some of hem had taken + clothyng of other diu'res [p=]sones, by cause of which p'sentement + diu'res [p=]sones, some of the houshold of the seyd Lord Fferrers, and + some of the clothing of the said Lord, with other wele wilners to the + said Lord, as yet not to us knawen, by supportacon and favour, and for + pleasance to the said Lord, as we ben enfo'med ... betyn and sore + woundetyn the said William Neuby, and manesten to bete other of our + te[=n][=n]tz of Leycestre." ... She doth therefore "ordeyn, deme, and + awarde" that the said Lord Ferrers pay c. marks to William Neuby, that + he "be goode lorde to the said William Neuby; and to all other + te[=n][=n]tz in our lordship of Leycestre; and that the said lord shall + not geve any clothyng or liue'y to any [p=]sone dwellyng within our + said lordship," &c.... "Yeven the xx day of May, the yere of the reign + of my most douted Lord Kyng Henr' the Sext, xxvii." + +The above extracts show one of the evils to which the practice led; +another, mentioned in the deed, was that of deerstealing. William Newby was +mayor of the town in 1425, 1433, and 1444-5. + +The second document is a curious letter from the mayor and some members of +the corporation to George Earl of Huntington, lord-lieutenant of the +county, and a frequent resident in the town, where a part of his mansion, +called "Lord's Place," and in which James I. was entertained, still exists. +The draft of this letter forms part of an interesting series of +correspondence between the corporation and the earl, respecting the +nomination of the parliamentary representatives of the town in 1601. + +The earl recommended that Mr. (afterwards Sir) William Herrick and Mr. +Bromley should be chosen, and in strong language warned them against +electing Mr. George Belgrave of Belgrave (who had greatly offended him), as +he hears "that Belgrave still contineweth his great practising in labouring +to be chosen;" and he adds, "Goode Mr. Mayor, be carefull of this, as you +and the rest will looke to make accompt of me." + +It appears that many members of the corporation were secretly favourable to +Mr. Belgrave, and he was elected, as explained in the following letter: + + "Right Ho^e, oure humble dewties remeberd, &c., may yt please yo^r good + Lpp. to be c'tified, that upon Tuesday morninge laste, being assembled + for the choice of o^r Burgesses, Mr. George Belgrave p'sented himselfe + amongest us, in a blewe coat w^{th} a bull head, affirminge and + protestinge he was yo^r L[=p]'s s'[=v]t, and that S^r Henrie + Harrington, verye late the night before, had obteyned that favour of + yo^r ho^r in his behalfe; and muche bemoned his former undewtifull + cariage towards yo^r L[=p], w^{th} a remorsive remembrance of many most + ho. favours receaved from yo^r L[=p] and yo^r house, towards his + auncestors, him, and his; and, recommendinge his former suite to be one + of oure Burgesses, being demanded whether he had any letter from yo^r + L[=p], answered, that this (poyntinge at his coat and cognizance) he + hoped was a sufficient testimonie of y^r L[=p]'s favour towards him, + and of his submission towards yo^r ho^r; and further, that it was so + late before S^r Henrie cold [p=]cure yo^r L[=p]'s said favour, as that + you cold not well write, and, for the truth of the [p=]mises, he + offered his corporal oathe. Whereupon we, thinkinge all this to be + true, made choyce of him, w^{th} Mr. Will[=m] Herricke, to be o^r + Burgesses. And now, this evening, wee are credibly certified that y^r + L[=p] hath geven him no suche entertaynem^t; and thus by his said lewde + and most dishonest dealinge, being much abused, we thought it o^r + dewties forthew^{th} to signifie the same unto yo^r L[=p], humbly + cravinge yo^r L[=p]'s most ho^rable favor for some reformacon of this + vile practize. And thus, w^{th} remembrance of oure dewties, wee humbly + take o^r leaves. From Leic^r, this xx^{th} day of October, 1601. + + "Youre honor's most humble to co[=m]aunde, + Signed by "Will[=m] ROWES, Maior, + ROBERT HEYRICKE," + And ten others. + +An angry and characteristic reply from the earl follows, but with which, as +it is printed in Thompson's _History of Leicester_ (p. 318.), I will not +trespass upon your valuable space. It may be sufficient to say, that he +tells the mayor that-- + + "Notwithstanding this treacherous devise of that cunninge practisore, I + feare it will appeare, upon due scanninge of this accydent, y^t there + remaynes a false brother amongst you.... And as for y^e p'sone hymself + whoe hathe thus shameleslye sought to dishonoure me and deceave you, I + will, by the grace of God, take suche order as in honor and lawfullye I + maye, bothe {572} for y^e better unfouldinge of this, as also for suche + punnyshm^t as the law will inflict." + +In pursuance of this determination, the earl exhibited an information +against Mr. Belgrave in the Star Chamber. The subsequent proceedings which +took place on the subject in parliament will be found noticed in D'Ewes's +_Journal_, and quoted in Thompson's _History of Leicester_, pp. 319-323. + +WILLIAM KELLY. + +Leicester. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Queries on Dr. Diamond's Calotype Process._--Would you kindly ask DR. +DIAMOND, to whom I should imagine all of us are more or less indebted, the +following questions respecting the very valuable paper on the calotype in +the last _Photographic Journal_? + +1. As to the white spots which make their appearance in developing, on +Turner's paper especially, and which he says are owing to minute pieces of +metal in the paper, what is the best way of hiding them in the negative, so +that they may as little as possible injure the positive? I have suffered +sadly from this cause; and have tried to stop them with ammonio-nitrate, +which turns after a time to red, and stops the light effectually; but I +should prefer some black colouring the strength of which one could measure +by seeing its immediate effect. + +2. And again, when one has black spots, what is the best means of lessening +their intensity, if not of wholly removing them? + +[Greek: Photographos.] + + [Where light spots occur in a negative, DR. DIAMOND recommends, as the + most effectual mode of stopping them, a little gamboge neatly applied + with a camel-hair pencil. Where a great intensity is desired, Indian + ink may be applied in the same manner, taking care in both cases to + smooth off the edges with a dry brush. The cyanide of potassium applied + in the same way, but _with very great care_, will remove the black + spots. Before it appears to have quite accomplished its object, a + negative should be immersed in water, as its action is so energetic.] + +_Albumenized Paper._--I have followed DR. DIAMOND'S directions for +albumenizing paper (thin Canson negative) as accurately as I can, but I +cannot prevent the albumen in drying, when pinned up, from forming into +waves or streaks. This will be best understood from a specimen of a sheet +which I inclose, and I shall be much obliged if you can tell me how this +can be avoided. Some albumenized paper which I have purchased is quite free +from this defect, but being at a distance from London, it is both +convenient and economical to prepare my own paper. + +C. E. F. + + [We would recommend our correspondent to remove his paper from the + albumen still more slowly; and to take care not to draw it along, but + so to lift it that the last corner is not moved until it is raised from + the albumen. In pinning up be careful that the paper takes the inward + curl, otherwise the appearances exhibited will be almost sure to take + place. As the albumenizing liquid is of very trifling cost, we + recommend the use of two dishes, as by that means a great economy of + time is obtained.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Marcarnes_ (Vol. viii., p. 365.).--Can this curiously sounding name be an +archaic form of Mackarness, a name, I think, still borne by living persons? + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +_X on Brewers' Casks_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).--Your correspondent B. H. C., +though ingenious, is in error. The X on brewers' casks originated in the +fact, that beer above a certain strength paid 10_s_. duty; and the X became +a mark to denote beer of that better quality. The doubling and tripling of +the X are nothing but inventions of the brewers to humbug the public. + +[Hebrew: B]. [Hebrew: D]. + +_No Sparrows at Lindham_ (Vol. vii., p. 233.).--Amongst the various +responses in connexion with the Queries given on the page above noted, +communicated direct, the only one which I have thought worthy of insertion +in my MSS. is as follows: + + "As for there being no sparrows at Lindham, it may be accounted for in + the following legend:--A few years ago I was in that district when I + heard some account of a person called 'Tom of Lindham;' who, by the + way, was a curious personage, and performed some very extraordinary and + out-of-the-way feats. At one time he was left at home to protect the + corn from the _sparrows_; when, _to save trouble_, he got all of them + into the barn, and put a _harrow_ into the window to keep them in; and + so _starved_ (_i. e._ hungered) them to death." + +Furthermore Mr. Whittaker kindly communicated of the above Yorkshire +worthy: + + "At the close of Tom's life he took it into his head to make a road + across a part of Hatfield Chase to his own dwelling; when, according to + the legend, he employed supernatural aid: with this clause in the + contract, that he, Tom, should not inquire any particulars as to the + character of his assistants or helpmates. One day, however, being more + curious than prudent, he looked behind him; his workmen immediately + disappeared, and Tom of Lindham was no more heard of. His road still + remains in the state he left it." + +M. AISLABIE DENHAM. + +Piersebridge, near Darlington, Durham. + +_Theobald le Botiller_ (Vol. viii., p. 366.).--Theobald le Botiller was an +infant at his father's death, 1206. He had livery in 1222; and in 9 Hen. +III., {573} 1225, married Rohesia or Rose de Verdun, not _Vernon_. She was +so great an heiress that she retained her own name, and her posterity also +bore it. She founded the Abbey of Grace Dieu, Leicestershire, in 1239; and +died 1247-8. Her husband died in 1230, leaving two sons: John de Verdun, +who inherited, and Nicholas, who died in Ireland without issue; and one +daughter Maud, who married John FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel. + +WALTER DEVEREUX. + +Hampton Court Palace. + +_Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire_ (Vol. viii., p. 388.).--Touching the +"vault," or underground passage, "that goeth under the river" of Swale, +from the Castle of Richmond to the priory of St. Martin, every tradition, +_i. e._ as to its whereabouts, is, I believe, now wholly lost. + +Your Querist, however, who seems to feel an interest in that beautiful and +romantic portion of the _north countrie_, will perhaps welcome the +following mythe, which is connected, it is possible, with the identical +_vault_ which is depictured by Speed in his _Plan of Richmond_. It was +taken down from the lips of a great-grand-dame by one of her descendants, +_both of whom are still living_, for the gratification of your present +correspondent, who, like Luther, + + "Would not for any quantity of gold part with the wonderful tales which + he has retained from his earliest childhood, or met with in his + progress through life." + +But to my legend: + +Once upon a time a man, walking round Richmond Castle, was accosted by +another, who took him into a _vennel_, or underground passage, below the +castle; where he beheld a vast multitude of people lying as if they were +sleeping. A _horn_ and a _sword_ were presented to him: the horn to blow, +and the sword to draw; in order, as said his guide, to release them from +their slumbers. And when he had drawn the sword half out, the sleepers +began to move; which frightened him so much, that he put it back into the +sheath: when instantly a voice exclaimed, + + "Potter! _Potter Thompson!_ + If thou had either drawn + The _sword_, or blown the _horn_, + Thou had been the luckiest man that ever was born." + +So ends the Legend of the Richmond Sleepers and Potter Thompson; which, +mayhap, is scarcely worth preserving, were it not that it has preserved and +handed down the characteristic, or rather trade, cognomen and surname of +its timorous at least, if not cowardly, hero. + +M. AISLABIE DENHAM. + +Piersebridge, near Darlington, Durham. + +_Lord Audley's Attendants at Poictiers_ (Vol. viii., p. 494.).--A notice of +the arguments in opposition to the statement, rested mainly on the grant of +arms by John Touchet, Lord Audley, to the descendant of Sir James de +Mackworth, in consideration of his having been one of these esquires, +occurs in Blore's _Rutland_, p. 130. and p. 224. And it appears to be +satisfactorily shown by the grant itself, that it was not made on account +of the services of Sir James. + +J. P. Jun. + +_Portraits at Brickwall House_ (Vol. vii., p. 406.).--Immerzeel says, in +his _Levens der Kunstschilders_ (_Lives of the Painters_), vol. iii. pp. +238, 239.: + + "Thomas van der Wilt, born at Piershil in the district of Putten, was a + disciple of Verkolje at Delft, where he also settled. He painted + portraits, domestic scenes, &c., which were not free from stiffness. He + also engraved in mezzotinto after Brouwer, Schalken, and others. His + drawings were engraved by his son William, who died young." + +He was living in 1701, and was probably grandson of a person of the same +name who resided in 1622 at Soetermeer near Leyden, for in the register of +the villages of Rhynland are found: + + "Jan Thomas van der Wilt and Maritgen Pietersdr, his wife, with Thomas, + Maritgen, Pieter, Cornelis, Grietge, Jannetge, and Ingethen, their + children." + +The portrait painted by Terburgh probably represents Andries de Graeff, +who, in 1672, is called by Wagenaar, in his _Vaderlandsche Hist._ of that +year (p. 82.), late burgomaster of Amsterdam. It is then necessary to +ascertain whether this late burgomaster died in 1674. The family de Graeff +also resided at Delft, where several of its members became magistrates. + +ELSEVIR. + +The portrait of the old gentleman is, in my opinion, doubtless that of +Andries de Graeff, who was elected burgomaster of Amsterdam in 1660, and +filled the office several times afterwards, although after the year 1670 +his name no more appears on the list of burgomasters, which can very well +agree with the date of death (1674) on the portrait.--From the +_Navorscher_. + +A. J. VAN DER AA. + +Gorinchem. + +_The Words "Mob" and "Cash"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524.).--CLERICUS +RUSTICUS will find the origin and first introduction of the word _mob_ +fully stated in Trench's _Lectures on the Study of Words_ (p. 124. fourth +ed.). In addition to the quotations there made, CLERICUS RUSTICUS may refer +to Dryden's preface to _Cleomenes_ (1692), to the 230th number of _The +Tatler_, written by Swift (an. 1710), and to the Dean's _Introduction to +Polite Conversation_. + +_Cash._--What Lord Holland may have meant by a legitimate English word it +is hard to say. Dr. Johnson derives it from the Fr. _caisse_ (or _casse_), +which Cotgrave interprets "a box, a _case_, {574} or chest; also, a +merchant's _cash_ or counter." Todd confirms the correctness of Johnson's +etymology by a usage in Winwood's _Memorials_; where the Countess of +Shrewsbury is said to have 20,000l. in her _cash_. And Richardson farther +confirms it by a quotation from Sir W. Temple; and one from Sherwood, who +explains _cashier_, "Qui garde le _casse_ de l'argent de merchand;" and a +merchant's _cash_, "_casse_ de merchand." + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_English Clergyman in Spain_ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--The clergyman was +perhaps attached to the army of England in Spain, in the capacity of +chaplain. I recommend a search for the record of his licence, which will +very probably recite his appointment; and this record is most likely to be +found with the proper officer of the diocese of London, in Doctors' +Commons. I have seen one extraordinary discovery of information of the kind +now sought by D. Y., in this quarter; and D. Y. will probably be so kind as +to note his success in "N. & Q.," if he obtains his information here or +elsewhere. + +E. + +_The Cid_ (Vol. viii., p. 367.).--I find in the catalogue of my library, +the greatest part of which was destroyed by fire in 1849, amongst other +books relating to _The Cid_, the following: + + "Romancero, e Historia del muy valeroso Cavallero el Cid Ruy Diaz de + Bivar, en lenguaje antiguo, recopilado por Juan de Escobar. En esta + ultima impression van anadidos muchos romances, que hasta aora no han + sido impressos, ni divulgados, 12mo. con licencia. En Pamplona, por + Martin de Zavala, ano 1706." + + "Romancero e Historia del mui valeroso Cabellero el Cid Rui-diaz de + Vibar, en lenguage antiguo, recopilado por Juan de Escobar, neuva + edicion, reformada sobre las antiguas, anadida e illustrada con varias + notas y composiciones del mismo tiempo y asunto para su mas facil + intelligencia, y adornada con un epitome de la Historia verdadera del + Cid. Por D. Vicente Goncales del Reguero. 12mo. con licencia, Madrid, + Imprenta de Cano, 1818." + +In Thorpe's _Catalogue_, 1841, No. 1355, is an edition, 12mo., Segovia, +1629. + +JOHN ADAMSON. + +_Exterior Stoups_ (Vol. v., p. 560.; Vol. vi., pp. 18. 86. 160. 345. 497. +591., &c.).--Having introduced this subject to "N. & Q.," you will perhaps +allow me to return to it, by adding to the list of churches where exterior +stoups may be seen, the names of Leigh and Shrawley, Worcestershire. A +recent visit to these places made me aware of the existence of the stoups. +That at Leigh is in a shattered condition, and is on the south side of the +western doorway: it is now covered in by a porch of later date. That at +Shrawley is on the eastern side of the south door, and is hollowed out +within the top of a short column. Shrawley Church possesses many points of +interest for the antiquary: among which may be mentioned, a Norman window +pierced through one of the buttresses of the chancel. Among the noticeable +things at Leigh Church is a rude sculpture of the Saviour placed exteriorly +over the north door of the nave, in a recess, with semicircular heading and +Norman pillars. The rector is gradually restoring this fine church. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Green Jugs used by the Templars_ (Vol. viii., p. 171.)--In clearing out +the ground for the foundation of Raymond Buildings in Gray's Inn, about +thirty years since, two earthen green jugs were dug up, which are preserved +by the benchers as a memento of "the olden times." + +They will hold very little more than half a pint of liquor, are tall and of +good proportions, but so small at the top as almost to preclude their being +used to drink out of, and having a lip it is surmised that they held the +portion assigned to each student, who was also supplied with a drinking +horn. + +I have seen a jug of the same description in the possession of a gentleman +in Lincoln's Inn, which he informed me was brought to light in excavating +for the new hall. It is therefore probable that all the inns of court were +accustomed to provide jugs of the same description. + +F. WHITMARSH. + +_"Peccavi," I have Scinde_ (Vol. viii, p. 490.).--Your correspondent MR. G. +LLOYD, who says he does "not know on what authority" it is stated that "the +old and lamented warrior, Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the conquest of +Scinde, _Peccavi_!" is informed that the sole author of the despatch was +_Mr. Punch_. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +In a note touching these well-known words, MR. G. LLOYD says, "It is also +stated, I do not know on what authority, that the old and lamented warrior, +Sir Charles Napier, wrote on the conquest of Scinde, _Peccavi_!" The author +of _Democritus in London, with the Mad Pranks and Comical Conceits of +Motley and Robin Good-Fellow_, thus alludes to this saying in that work. I +presume he had good authority for so doing: + + _Sir P_. "What exclaim'd the gallant Napier, + Proudly flourishing his rapier! + To the army and the navy, + When he conquer'd Scinde? '_Peccavi!_'" + +A SUBSCRIBER. + +_Raffaelle's Sposalizio_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.; Vol. viii., p. 61.).--The +reason why the ring is placed on {575} the third finger of the right hand +of the Blessed Virgin in Raffaelle's "Sposalizio" at Milan, and in +Ghirlandais's frescoe of the same subject in the Santa Croce at Florence, +is to be found in the fact that the right hand has always been considered +the hand of power or dignity, and the left hand of inferiority or +subjection. A married woman always wears her ring on the third finger of +the left hand to signify her subjection to her husband. But it has been +customary among artists to represent the Blessed Virgin with the ring on +the right hand, to signify her superiority to St. Joseph from her +surpassing dignity of Mother of God. Still she is not always represented +so, for in Beato Angelico's painting of the marriage of Mary and Joseph she +receives the ring on her left hand. See woodcut in Mrs. Jameson's _Legends +of Madonna_, p. 170. In the Marriage of the Blessed Virgin by Vanloo, in +the Louvre, she also receives the ring on the left hand. Giotto, Taddeo +Gaddi, Perugino, &c., have painted the "Sposalizio," but I have not copies +by me to refer to. + +CEYREP. + +_Early Use of Tin._--_Derivation of the Name of Britain_ (Vol. viii., pp. +290. 344. 445.).--Your correspondent G. W. having been unable to inform DR. +HINCKS who first suggested the derivation of _Britannia_ from _Baratanac_ +or _Bratanac_, I have the pleasure to satisfy him on this point by +referring him to Bochart's _Geographia Sacra_, lib. I. c. xxxix. In that +great storehouse of historical information, the Memoirs of the Academy of +Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres, there are some profound researches by +Melot and others, in which may be found answers to all the Queries proposed +by G. W. + +The islands, rivers, mountains, cities, and remarkable places of Phoenician +colonies, had even in the time of the habitation of the Greeks and Romans +Phoenician names, which, according to the spirit of the ancient languages +of the East, indicated clearly the properties of the places which bore +those names. See instances in Bochart, _ubi supra_; Sammes's _Britannia +Antiqua Illustrata, or the Antiquities of Ancient Britain derived from the +Phoenicians_; and D'Hancarville's Preface to Hamilton's _Etruscan, &c. +Antiquities_. + +BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. + +_Unpublished Epigram by Sir Walter Scott_ (Vol. vii., pp. 498. 576.).--The +following extract is from the _Gentleman's Magazine_, March, 1824, p. 194.: + + "Mr. J. Lawrence of Somers Town observes: 'In the summer of the year + 1770 I was on a visit at Beaumont Hall on the coast of Essex, a few + miles distant from Harwich. It was then the residence of Mr. Canham.... + I was invited to ascend the attics in order to read some lines, + imprinted by a cowboy of precocious intellect. I found these in + handsome, neatly executed letters, printed and burnished with + leaf-gold, on the wall of his sleeping-room. They were really golden + verses, and may well be styled Pythagorean from their point, to wit: + + 'Earth goes upon the earth, glittering like gold; + Earth goes to the earth sooner than 'twould; + Earth built upon the earth castles and towers; + Earth said to the Earth, All shall be ours.' + + The curiosity of these lines so forcibly impressed them on my memory, + that time has not been able to efface a tittle of them. _But from what + source did the boy obtain them?_" + +Permit me to repeat this Query? + +J. R. M., M.A. + +_Derivation of the Word "Humbug"_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--Not being +satisfied with any of the derivations of this word hitherto proposed in +your pages, I beg to suggest that perhaps it may be traced to a famous +dancing master who flourished about the time when the word first came into +use. The following advertisement appeared in the _Dublin Freeman's Journal_ +in Jan. 1777: + + "_To the Nobility._ + + "As Monsieur Humbog does not intend for the future teaching abroad + after 4 o'clock, he, at the request of his scholars, has opened an + academy for young ladies of fashion to practise minuets and cotillions. + He had his first assembly on Friday last, and intends continuing them + every Friday during the winter. He does not admit any gentlemen, and + his number of ladies is limited to 32; and as Mrs. Humbog is very + conversant in the business of the Toilet Table, the ladies may depend + on being properly accommodated. Mr. Humbog having been solicited by + several gentlemen, he intends likewise to open an academy for them, and + begs that those who chuse to become subscribers will be so good as to + send him their addresses, that he may have the honour of waiting upon + them to inform them of his terms and days. Mr. Humbog has an afternoon + school three times a week for little ladies and gentlemen not exceeding + 14 years of age. Terms of his school are one guinea per month and one + guinea entrance. Any ladies who are desirous of knowing the terms of + his academy may be informed by appointing Mr. Humbog to wait upon them, + which he will do on the shortest notice. Capel St. 21 Jan. 1777." + +OMICRON. + +_Bees_ (Vol. viii., p. 440.).--In the midland counties the first migration +of the season is _a swarm_, the second _a cast_, and the third _a spindle_. + +ERICA. + +_Topsy Turvy_ (Vol. viii., p. 385.).--I have always understood this to be a +corruption of "Topside t'other way," and I still think so. + +WM. HAZEL. + +_Parish Clerks and Politics_ (Vol. viii., p. 56.).--In the excitement +prevalent at the trial of Queen Caroline, I remember a choir, in a village +not a hundred miles from Wallingford, Berks, singing {576} with great gusto +the 1st, 4th, 11th, and 12th verses of 35th Psalm in Tate and Brady's New +Version. + +WM. HAZEL. + +_Phantom Bells--"The Death Bell"_ (Vol. vii. passim).--I have never met, in +any work on folk-lore and popular superstitions, any mention of that +unearthly bell, whose sound is borne on the death-wind, and heralds his +doom to the hearer. Mickle alludes to it in his fine ballad of "Cumnor +Halle:" + + "The _death-belle_ thrice was heard to ring, + An aerial voice was heard to calle, + And thrice the raven flapp'd its wing, + Arounde the towers of Cumnor Halle." + +And Rogers, in his lines "To an Old Oak:" + + "There once the steel-clad knight reclined, + His sable plumage tempest-tossed: + And as the _death-bell_ smote the wind, + From towers long fled by human kind, + His brow the hero crossed." + +When ships go down at sea during a terrible tempest, it is said the +"death-bell" is often distinctly heard amid the storm-wind. And in tales of +what is called Gothic superstition, it assists in the terrors of the +supernatural. + +Sir W. Scott perhaps alluded to the superstition in the lines: + + "And the kelpie _rang_, + And the sea-maid sang + The dirge of lovely Rosabelle." + +EIRIONNACH. + +_Porter Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 364.).--Full particulars of the existing +branch of this ancient family can be afforded by the Rev. Malcom Macdonald +of South End, Essex, chaplain to Lady Tamar Sharpe, the aunt and guardian +of the representatives of Sir R. K. Porter. + +M. H. J. + +Thavies Inn. + +_The Mitred Abbot in Wroughton Church, Wilts_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--The +figure was painted in fresco, not on a pillar, but on the spandril-space +between two arches. The vestments, as far as I can make out, are an alb, a +tunicle and a cope, and mitre. The hands do not appear to hold anything, +and I see nothing to show it to represent a mitred abbot rather than a +bishop. The colours of the cope and tunicle were red and green, the +exterior of the cope and the tunicle being of one colour, the interior of +the cope of the other. The figure was the only perfect one when I visited +the church, and the rain was washing it out even as I sketched; but there +had been one between every two arches, and there were traces of colour +throughout the aisle, and the designs appeared to me unusually elegant. I +believe my slight sketch to be all that now remains; and shall be glad to +send a copy of it to your correspondent if he wishes for it, and will +signify how I may convey it to him. + +_Passage in Virgil_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--Is this the passage referred to +by Doctor Johnson? + + "Nunc scio, quid sit Amor: duris in cotibus illum + Aut Tmarus, aut Rhodope, aut extremi Garamantes, + Nec generis nostri puerum, nec sanguinis, edunt." + Virgil: _Bucolica_, Ecl. viii. l. 43. + +"The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a +native of the rocks." Dr. Johnson found his reward not in vain +solicitations to patrons, but in the fruits of his literary labours. + +The famous lines in Spenser's "Colin Clout's come home again,"[3] on the +instability and hollowness of patronage, may occur to the reader: + + "Full little knowest thou, that hast not tride, + What hell it is in suing long to bide: + To lose good days that might be better spent, + To waste long nights in pensive discontent. + To speed to-day, to be put back to-morrow, + To feed on hope, to pine with fear and sorrow. + To fret thy soul with crosses and with cares; + To eat thy heart through comfortless despaires," &c. + +F. + +[Footnote 3: In Mother Hubberd's Tale.--ED.] + +_Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, Chief Justice_ (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276.).--In +"A Letter to a Convocation Man," which was recently edited by a frequent +contributor to your pages, the REV. W. FRASER, B.C.L., and is favourably +mentioned by you, I find the following sentence, declaring that Sir Anthony +Fitzherbert _was_ Chief Justice: + + "I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's + _Abridgment_, that the Archbishop of Canterbury was prohibited to hold + such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not the + King's licence. But he adds that the Archbishop would not obey it; and + he quotes Speed for it."--P. 38. of original pamphlet, and p. 36. of + Mr. Fraser's reprint. + +MR. FRASER merely refers to Sir Anthony Fitzherbert as being made judge of +the Common Pleas in 1523, and does not enter into this question, which +deserves investigation. + +M. W. R. + +"_To put a _spoke_ in his wheel_" (Vol. viii., pp. 269. 351.).--W. C.'s +answer to G. K.'s inquiry is so very facetious, that I must confess I do +not understand it. + +As to the meaning of the expression, I think there can be no doubt. +Ainsworth interpreted "Scrupulum injecisti mihi, spem meam remoratus es." + +In Dutch, "Een spaak in t'wiel steeken," is "To traverse, thwart, or cross +a design." See Sewel's _Woordenboek_. + +The effect is similar to that of _spiking_ cannon. And it is not improbable +that _spoke_, known by the {577} ignorant to form part of the wheel, has +been by them corrupted from _spike_: and that the act is, driving a _spike_ +into the nave, so as to prevent the wheel from turning on its axle. + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Ballina Castle_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--O. L. R. G. inquires about Ballina +Castle, Castlebar, and of the general history, descriptions, &c. of the co. +Mayo. In the catalogue of my manuscript collections, prefixed to my _Annals +of Boyle, or Early History of Ireland_ (upwards of 200 volumes), No. 37. +purports to be "one volume 8vo., containing full compilations of records +and events connected with the county of Mayo, with reference to the +authorities," and it has special notices of Castlebar, Cong, Burrishoole, +Kilgarvey, Lough Conn, &c., and notes of scenery and statistics. I offered +in the year 1847 to publish a history of the county if I was indemnified, +but I did not succeed in my application. I have, of course, very full +notices of the records, &c. of Ballina, and the other leading localities of +that interesting but too long neglected county, which I would gladly draw +out and assign, as I would any other of my manuscript compilations, to any +literary gentleman who would propose to prepare them for publication, or +otherwise extract and report from them as may be sought. + +JOHN D'ALTON. + +48. Summer Hill, Dublin. + +_Mardle_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--This is the correct spelling as fixed by +Halliwell. I should propose to derive it from A.-S. _mathelian_, to speak, +discourse, harangue; or A.-S. _methel_, discourse, speech, conversation. +(Bosworth.) Forby gives this word only with the meaning "a large pond;" a +sense confined to Suffolk. But his vocabulary of East Anglia is especially +defective in East Norfolk words--an imperfection arising from his residence +in the extreme west of that county. + +E. G. R. + +_Charles Diodati_ (Vol. viii., p. 295.).--MR. SINGER mentions that Dr. +Fellowes and others have confounded Carlo Dati, Milton's Florentine friend, +with Charles Diodati, a schoolfellow (St. Paul's, London) to whom he +addresses an Italian sonnet and two Latin poems. Charles Diodati practised +physic in Cheshire; died 1638. Was this young friend of Milton's a relative +of Giovanni Diodati, who translated the Bible into Italian; born at Lucca +about 1589; became a Protestant; died at Geneva, 1649? + +MA. L. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 442.).--MR. MURDOCH'S Query relative to +Margaret Patten reminds me of a print exhibited in the Dublin Exhibition, +which bore the following inscription: + + "Mary Gore, born at Cottonwith in Yorkshire, A.D. 1582; lived upwards + of one hundred years in Ireland, and died in Dublin, aged 145 years. + This print was done from a picture _taken_ (the word is torn off) when + she was an hundred and forty-three. Vanluych _pinxit_, T. Chambers + _del._" + +EIRIONNACH. + +_"Now the fierce bear," &c._ (Vol. viii., p 440.).--The lines respecting +which [Greek: th.] requests information are from Mr. Keble's _Christian +Year_, in the poem for Monday in Whitsun Week. They are, however, +misquoted, and should run thus + + "Now the fierce bear and leopard keen + Are perish'd as they ne'er had been, + Oblivion is their home." + +G. R. M. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +As long as poetry of the highest order is appreciated in England, Gray's +_Elegy written in a Country Churchyard_ will never want readers to pore +over its beauties, or artists ready to dedicate their talents to its +illustration. Of the latter fact we have evidence in a new edition just +issued by Mr. Cundall, which is illustrated on every page with engravings +on wood from drawings by Birkett Foster, George Thomas, and a Lady. The +artists have caught the spirit of the poet, and their fanciful creations +have been transferred to the wood with the greatest delicacy by the +engravers,--the result being a most tasteful little volume, which must take +a foremost rank among the gift-books of the coming Christmas. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Smiths's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, by +various Writers_, Part VIII., which extends from the conclusion of the +admirable article on _Etruria_ to _Germania_, and includes _Gallia +Cisalpina_ and _Transalpina_, which scarcely required the initials (G. L.) +to point out the accomplished scholar by whom they are written.--Darlings +_Cyclopaedia Bibliographica_: Parts XIV. and XV. extend from _O. M. +Mitchell_ to _Platina or De Sacchi_. The value of this analytical, +bibliographical, and biographical Library Manual will not be fully +appreciable until the work is completed.--_The National Miscellany_, Vol. +I. The first Volume of this magazine of General Literature is just issued +in a handsome form, suitable to the typographical excellence for which this +well-directed and well-conducted miscellany is remarkable.--_Remains of +Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England_, Part VIII.: containing +Bronze Bucket, found at Cuddesden, Oxfordshire; and Fibula, found near +Billesdon, Leicestershire. We would suggest to Mr. Akerman that the Bronze +Bucket is scarcely an example of an object of archaeological interest, +which requires to be drawn of the size of the original, and coloured from +it: and that the value of his useful work would be increased by his +adhering to his original arrangement, by which the illustrative +letter-press appeared in the same part with the engraving to which it +referred. + + * * * * * + +{578} + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +OXFORD ALMANACK for 1719. + +AMOENITATES ACADEMICAE. Vol. I. Holmiae, 1749. + +BROWNE HIST. NAT. JAMAICAE. Lond. 1756. Folio. + +AMMANUS l. STIRPES RARIORES. Petrop. 1739. + +PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS for 1683. + +ANNALS OF PHILOSOPHY for January, 1824. + +PESHALL'S MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. + +UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE for January, 1763. + +SPRINGEL AND DECANDOLLE'S BOTANY. + +DR. RICHARDSON'S CORRESPONDENCE, by DAWSON TURNER. + +AMHERST'S TERRAE FILIUS, 1726. + + Wanted by _Mr. H. T. Bobart_, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICAE. 3 Tom. Folio. Romae, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + +PECK'S (FR.) HISTORY OF THE STAMFORD BULL RUNNING. + +THE CASE OF MR. SAM. BRUCKSHAW CONSIDERED. 8vo. or 12mo. + + Wanted by _Mr. J. Phillips_, Stamford. + + * * * * * + +LONDON MAGAZINE. Vol. LXIV. to 1779. + +NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES, and the Continuation. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +JOSEPH MEDE'S WORKS. + +JONES'S (of Nayland) SERMONS, by Walker. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +PLAIN SERMONS. 10 Vols. 8vo. + +DEATH-BED SCENES. Best Edition. + +ROSE'S (H. J.) SERMONS. + +WILBERFORCE'S LIFE. 5 Vols. + + Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath. + + * * * * * + +HUTCHINS'S DORSETSHIRE. Last Edition. + + Wanted by _James Dearden_, Upton House, Poole. + + * * * * * + +CLARENDON'S HISTORY OF THE REBELLION. Folio. Oxford 1703. Vol. I. + + Wanted by _Rev. John James Avington_, Hungerford. + + * * * * * + +AN EXAMINATION OF THE CHARTERS AND STATUTES OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN +(with the Postscript), by George Miller, D.D., F.T.C.D. Dublin, 1804. + +A [First] LETTER TO THE REV DR. PUSEY, in reference to his Letter to the +Lord Bishop of Oxford, by George Miller, D.D. London, 1840. + + Wanted by _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +W. H. M. W. _The Heralds' visitation for Wiltshire in 1622 will be found in +the British Museum, Harl. MSS. 1165 and 1443. See too Sims's_ Indexes to +Pedigrees, _&c._ + +RALPHO'S _communication should have been addressed to the writer, quoting +the lines on which he comments_. + +GAMMER GURTON'S _suggestion is a very good one; and we can promise that our +Christmas Eve Number shall be rich in_ FOLK LORE. + +G. S. M., _who desires information respecting the history of Newspapers, +their progress and statistics, is referred to F. K. Hunt's_ Fourth Estate, +a Contribution towards a History of Newspapers and of the Liberty of the +Press, _2 vols. 8vo., London, 1850. Several articles on the subject will be +found in our own columns_. + +_If_ F. S. A. _applied to the proper authorities, we cannot doubt that the +information he received is true_. + +J. W. N. K. _We have referred the descriptions of the pictures to one of +the very highest authorities in London, who is of opinion that if the marks +on the back_ are genuine, _they are the marks of the owner, not of the +artist_. + +J. T. _The volume_ Remarques de Pierre Motteux sur Rabelais _is no doubt a +translation of the notes which Motteux inserted in the English version, of +which the first three books were translated by Urquhart, the other two by +himself. This translation has, we think, been reprinted by Bohn_. + +J. W. T. _The monastic work inquired after is noticed by another +Correspondent at_ p. 569. _of the present Number_. + +Dr. Diamond on the simplicity of the Calotype Process _is, on account of +its length from the many additions made to it, unavoidably postponed until +next week_. + +T. L. (Islington). _The ingredients referred to are all used by Le Gray, +the originator of the waxed-paper process. They are supposed not only to +increase the sensitiveness of the paper, but to add to its keeping +qualities. We have no doubt that a letter addressed to the College of +Chemistry will find the gentleman to whom you refer._ + +D. G. (Liverpool). _It would be not only difficult but more expensive to +prepare your own sulphuric ether; but we again assure that the best is to +be procured at from 5s. to 6s. per pound, and wholesale at considerably +less. You may satisfy yourself by a reference to our advertising columns._ + +F. H. D. _Albumenized paper will keep many days after it has been excited +with a forty-grain solution of nitrate of silver. We have used Whatman's +and Turner's papers twenty days old, and with perfectly satisfactory +results. The thin Canson is of all others most disposed to brown; but it is +preferable to all others in use from the richness of the tints produced and +its rapidity of printing._ + +_Erratum._--Vol. viii, p. 546. l. 20. from bottom, for "burnishing" read +"bruising." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is printed at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii. _price Three Guineas and a +Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._ + + * * * * * + + +PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils. &c., with +printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s. + + MILLER'S. Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56 Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + + BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses +of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful and Valuable Old Books. Vol. I. Pp. +436. Cloth, 10s. 6d. Part V., price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly, is now +ready. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH. 36. Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads: +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +{579} + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age L s. d. | Age L s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +Solicitors & General Life Assurance Society. + +52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._ + + * * * * * + +THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: + +The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. + +Exemption of the Assured from all Liability. + +Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives. + +Participating and Non-Participating Premiums. + +In the former EIGHTY PERCENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided +amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum +assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option. + +No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on +Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. + +POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud. + +At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of +nearly Two PER CENT. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of +from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_. + +POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. + +Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. + +The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by +applying on any other day between the hours of 10 and 4. at the Office of +the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be +obtained. + +CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally +acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal +scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no +preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect +pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where +a quantity is required the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in +separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to +any Climate. Full instructions for use. + +CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD +W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. + +CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of +purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. +The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label +bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL +MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of +all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through +MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. +Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.--The Council will open in the beginning of January, +at the rooms of the Society of British Artists, in Suffolk Street, Pall +Mall, an exhibition of Photographs and Daguerreotypes. Coloured Pictures +will not be excluded. It is recommended that all pictures sent should be +protected by glass. No picture will be exhibited unless accompanied by the +name and address of the Photographer or Exhibitor, and some description of +the process employed. Pictures will be received at the Rooms in Suffolk +Street, from Monday the 19th to Monday the 26th December. Further +information may be obtained by application to the Secretary, R. FENTON, +ESQ., 2. Albert Terrace, Albert Road, Regent's Park. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS. + +KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of +the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's +Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and +pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. +Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps. + +Instructions given in every branch of the Art. + +An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.-J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published: without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea: Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE CO'S Iodized Collection, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade Supplied. + +Every Description of Camera or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, &c., +may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +VIEWS IN LONDON. + +STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES. + +BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT +MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and +in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAUGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER, and +TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris, +the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth +in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street. London. + +*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN. 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and +Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s.__, +63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive +Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp. + + WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street. + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere. + + * * * * * + + +{580} + +SECOND AND ENLARGED EDITION OF DR. PEILE'S ANNOTATIONS ON THE ROMANS. + +Now ready, in 8vo., price 7s. 6d., a Second and enlarged Edition of + +ANNOTATIONS ON ST. PAUL'S EPISTLE to the ROMANS. By THOMAS WILLIAMSON +PEILE, D.D., Head Master of Repton School; and formerly Fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge. + +RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place. + +THE ANNOTATIONS ON THE CORINTHIANS may be had now in One Volume, price 7s. +6d. + +Also a Separate Edition of ANNOTATIONS on the HEBREWS. Price 4s. 6d. + + * * * * * + + +ARNOLD'S (REV. T. K.) PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION, +PART I. Eighth Edition. Price 5s. 6d. This new Edition has been reprinted +from the Sixth by particular request, and upon competent authority as to +the usefulness of the Sixth and Seventh Editions, and will remain in future +the standard Edition of the Work. + +RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place; + +Of whom may be had, by the same Author, + +A SECOND PART of the above Work (on the PARTICLES). In 8vo. 6s. 6d. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR DECEMBER contains the following articles:--1. +Memoranda on Mexico--Brantz Mayer's Historical and Geographical Account of +Mexico from the Spanish Invasion. 2. Notes on Mediaeval Art in France, by +J. G. Waller. 3. Philip the Second and Antonio Perez. 4. On the Immigration +of the Scandinavians into Leicestershire, by James Wilson. 5. Wanderings of +an Antiquary, by Thomas Wright, Old Sarum. 6. Mitford's Mason and Gray. +Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Duke of Wellington's Descent from the +House of Stafford; Extracts from the MS. Diaries of Dr. Stukeley; English +Historical Portraits, and Granger's Biographical History of England; +Scottish Families in Sweden, &c. With Notes of the Month; Historical and +Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of Antiquarian and Literary Societies; +Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY: including Memoirs of the Earl of +Kenmare, Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, Lady Eliz. Norman, Lord Charles +Townshend, Sir Wm. Betham, Sir Wm. Bain, Gen. Montholon, M. Arago, Lieut. +Bellot, R. J. Smyth, Esq., M.P.; C. Baring Wall, Esq., M.P.; Rev. G. +Faussett, D. D.; Colin C. Macaulay, Esq.; Jas. Ainsworth, Esq.; &c. Price +2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +Price 2s., or, Post Free, 2s. 6d. In Stamps. + +PANTOMIME BUDGETS: contains Notes and Queries on Things in General, and +Taxation in particular. + +CROSS & SON, 18. Holborn. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, Fourth Edition, 8vo., 12s. + +NOTES ON THE MIRACLES. By R. C. TRENCH, B.D., Professor of Divinity in +King's College, London, and Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of +Oxford. + +By the same Author, + +NOTES ON THE PARABLES. Fifth Edition. 12s. + +JOHN W. 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New Oxford Street. + + * * * * * + + +Lately published, price 3s. 6d. each, Parts XII. and XIII. of the + +TOPOGRAPHER and GENEALOGIST. Edited by JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A., London +and Newcastle. + +CONTENTS OF PART XII. + +Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges. + +A Summary Catalogue of Sepulchral Memorials, &c., existing in Parish +Churches:--County of Suffolk, continued; Hundred of Loes. + +Pedigrees of Pycheford, of Pycheford, co. Salop, and of Pitchford, of Lee +Brockhurst, co. Salop. + +Births of the Children of Sir John Gresham, Lord Mayor of London in 1547, +by his first Wife, Mary, Daughter and Coheir of Thomas Ipswell. + +The Manor of Bampton, co. Oxford, and Family of Horde. + +Extracts from the Parish Registers of St. Nicholas, Dublin. + +Farther Extracts from the Parish Registers of Down, co. Kent. + +CONTENTS OF PART XIII. + +Some Account of the Manor of Apuldrefield, in the Parish of Cudham, Kent, +by G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., F.S.A. + +Petition to Parliament from the Borough of Wotton Basset, in the Reign of +Charles I., relative to the Right of the Burgesses to Free Common of +Pasture in Fasterne Great Park. + +Memoranda in Heraldry, from the MS. Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve, Norroy +King of Arms. + +Was William of Wykeham of the Family of Swalcliffe? By Charles Wykeham +Martin, Esq., M.P., F.S.A. + +Account of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to the Irish Exchequer, relative to +the Chattel Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other Fugitives from Ulster +in the Year 1616, communicated by James F. Ferguson, Esq., of the Exchequer +Record Office, Dublin. + +Indenture enumerating various Lands in Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII. (1489). + +J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. 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