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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/29141-h.zip b/29141-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a23cf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/29141-h.zip diff --git a/29141-h/29141-h.htm b/29141-h/29141-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0168b39 --- /dev/null +++ b/29141-h/29141-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,938 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming + and Colorado, by E. Raymond Hall And H. Gordon Montague. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + border: thin solid black; + border-collapse: collapse; + } + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .blockquot {text-align: left; + font-size: 90% + } + + .bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + .bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + .bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + .br {border-right: solid 2px;} + .bbox {border: solid 2px;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .tdc {text-align: center;} /* center align cell */ + .tdcp {text-align: center; padding-top: 20px;} /* center align cell with top padding */ + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming and +Colorado, by E. Raymond Hall and H. Gordon Montague + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming and Colorado + +Author: E. Raymond Hall + H. Gordon Montague + +Release Date: June 17, 2009 [EBook #29141] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO NEW POCKET GOPHERS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Val Wooff, Joseph Cooper and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> + + + + + +<h1>Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming +and Colorado</h1> + +<h3>BY</h3> + +<h3>E. RAYMOND HALL and H. GORDON MONTAGUE</h3> + +<p> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<h4>University of Kansas Publications</h4> + +<h4>Museum of Natural History</h4> + +<h5>Volume 5, No. 3, pp. 25-32</h5> + +<h5>February 28, 1951</h5> + +<p> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<h5>University of Kansas</h5> + +<h5>LAWRENCE</h5> + +<h5>1951</h5> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h4><a name="University_of_Kansas_Publications_Museum_of_Natural_History" id="University_of_Kansas_Publications_Museum_of_Natural_History"></a><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span></h4> + +<h5>Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Edward H. Taylor, +A. Byron Leonard, Robert W. Wilson</h5> + +<h5>Volume 5, No. 3, pp. 25-32</h5> + +<h5>February 28, 1951</h5> + +<p> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<h5><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas</h5> + +<p> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<h6>PRINTED BY<br /> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1951</h6> + +<h6>23-6627</h6> +<p> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming<br /> +and Colorado</h2> + +<h6>BY</h6> + +<h4>E. RAYMOND HALL AND H. GORDON MONTAGUE</h4> + + +<p>In the academic year of 1947-48 Montague studied the geographic +variation in <i>Thomomys talpoides</i> of Wyoming. His study +was based upon materials then in the University of Kansas Museum +of Natural History. Publication of the results was purposely +delayed until previously reported specimens from certain adjacent +areas, especially in Colorado, could be examined. In the autumn +of 1950 one of us, Hall, was able to examine the specimens from +Colorado; also, the specimens from Wyoming accumulated in the +past two seasons of field work in Wyoming were examined by +Hall. A result of these studies is the recognition of two heretofore +unnamed subspecies of the northern pocket gopher in southeastern +Wyoming.</p> + +<p>Grateful acknowledgment is made of the opportunity to study the +Coloradon specimens in the Biological Surveys Collection of the +United States National Museum, and of the financial assistance +from the Kansas University Endowment Association which permitted +the field work in Wyoming.</p> + +<p>Descriptions and names for the two new subspecies are given +below:</p> + +<p> +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Thomomys talpoides rostralis</b> new subspecies</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><i>Type</i>.—Female, adult, skull and skin, no. 17096 Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. +Kansas; from 1 mi. E Laramie, 7164 ft., Albany County, Wyoming; obtained on +July 16, 1945, by C. Howard Westman; original no. 320.</p> + +<p><i>Range</i>.—Southern Wyoming and south in the mountains of Colorado to the +Arkansas River but not including the Colorado River drainage except in Grand +County and part of Routt County.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis</i>.—Size medium (see measurements); upper parts ranging from +between Cinnamon-Rufous and Hazel (capitalized terms are of Ridgway, Color +Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912) in the eastern +part of the range to between Argus Brown and Brussels Brown in the western +part of the range; sides Cinnamon-Rufous; throat whitish; remainder of under-parts +whitish, in many specimens tipped with Ochraceous-Buff; feet and tail +whitish; rostrum long; nasals ordinarily truncate posteriorly; temporal ridges +nearly parallel; interpterygoid space broadly V-shaped.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Comparisons</i>.—From <i>Thomomys talpoides clusius</i> (topotypes), <i>T. t. rostralis</i> +differs in: Body longer; color more reddish (lighter with less brownish +and more ochraceous); rostrum both longer and broader, actually and also in +relation to length of the skull; skull broader interorbitally; upper molariform +tooth-row longer; tympanic bullae less inflated. For comparison with <i>T. t. attenuatus</i> +to the east, see the account of that subspecies.</p> + +<p>From <i>Thomomys talpoides macrotis</i> (topotypes) to the southeast, <i>T. t. rostralis</i> +differs in: Body shorter; upper parts slightly more ochraceous and less +grayish; skull averaging smaller in all measurements except that interorbital +region is broader and rostrum and upper molariform tooth-row are longer; +nasals truncate versus emarginate, and consistently shorter; basilar length +consistently less in specimens of equal age; mastoidal breadth less in 16 of 17 +specimens of <i>rostralis</i>; temporal ridges parallel instead of divergent posteriorly; +exposed parts of upper incisors shorter; tympanic bullae more angular antero-laterally.</p> + +<p>From <i>Thomomys talpoides fossor</i> (specimens from Rico, Silverton, Hermit +and Pagosa Springs, all in Colorado), the subspecies to the southward, <i>T. t. rostralis</i> +differs in: Longer body; lighter color of upper parts; nasals truncate +rather than rounded posteriorly; temporal ridges more nearly parallel (less divergent +posteriorly); rostrum longer (averaging longer and broader); skull +wider across zygomatic arches in 11 of 12 specimens of <i>rostralis</i>.</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks</i>.—Geographic variation is evident in the material examined. +In the initial study, one of us, Montague, separated the +material from the Medicine Bow Range in Wyoming as a subspecies +different from that at Laramie and the adjoining mountains +to the eastward because of the darker color of the western animals +and the smaller size of males. Acquisition of more material from +still farther west (Sierra Madre) in Wyoming and the examination +of material in the United States Biological Surveys Collection from +Colorado discloses that there is a cline of increasing intensity of +color from the geographic range of <i>T. t. cheyennensis</i> at Pine Bluffs, +Wyoming, westward to the eastern side of the Sierra Madre at a +locality three miles east and five miles north of Savery, Wyoming. +A further deterrent to setting apart the animals of the Medicine +Bow Mountains as a separate subspecies is the large size of males +from the North Platte River Valley southeast of Saratoga. The +males from the valley of the North Platte are intermediate in size +between those from the Medicine Bow Mountains and those from +the Laramie River Valley. Females from the same places are available +in longer series and show less variation. If there is a difference +in size in the females, those from the mountains are larger than +those from lower elevations on either side.</p> + +<p>The examination that one of us, Hall, has made of the related materials +from Colorado reveals, as we supposed would be the case,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> +that a large area formerly assigned to the geographic range of +<i>Thomomys talpoides fossor</i> is to be assigned to the geographic +range of the newly named <i>Thomomys talpoides rostralis</i>. It should +be added that, at this writing, the lack of ideally complete material +from southwestern Colorado leaves some doubt as to the range of +variation properly to be included within the geographic range of +<i>T. t. fossor</i>. Consequently, study of a larger number of specimens +from more localities in Colorado may show that the boundary between +the geographic ranges of <i>T. t. fossor</i> and <i>T. t. rostralis</i> should +be shifted from where we have tentatively placed it.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Specimens examined</i>.—Total number, 168. Unless otherwise indicated, +those from Colorado are in the United States National Museum, Biological +Surveys Collection, and those from Wyoming are in the Museum of Natural +History of the University of Kansas.</p> + +<p><b>Colorad.</b>. <i>Routt Co</i>.: Hahns Peak, 2; Hayden, 1. <i>Jackson Co</i>. Pearle, +North Park, 9000 ft., 2; Canadian Creek, North Park, 6; 5 mi. E Canadian +Creek, 1; Rabbit Ear Mts., Arapaho Pass, 5. <i>Larimer Co</i>.: Elkhorn, 7000 ft., +1; Estes Park, 7. <i>Grand Co</i>.: Coulter, 4. <i>Boulder Co</i>.: Longs Peak, 3; Gold +Hill (the skin only; skull does not belong), 1; 3 mi. S Ward, 9000 ft., 10 +(K. U.); 5 mi. W Boulder, 7. <i>Gilpin Co</i>.: Blackhawk (U. S. N. M.), 2. +<i>Jefferson Co</i>.: Golden, 1; Golden foothills, 7300 ft., 1. <i>Park Co</i>.: Como, +South Park, 9800 ft., 1. <i>El Paso Co</i>.: Cascade, 1 (too young for certain sub-specific +identification).</p> + +<p><b>Wyoming</b>. <i>Carbon County</i>: 13 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8500 ft., 1; +14 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8800 ft., 1; 7 mi. S and 11 mi. E Saratoga, +5; 8 mi. S and 6 mi. E Saratoga, 10; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft., +2; 10 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft., 1; 8 mi. N and 16 mi. +E Encampment, 8400 ft., 10. <i>Albany Co</i>.: 2 ¼ mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10300 +ft., 7; 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak 10000 ft., 5; 2 mi. S Browns Peak, 10600 ft., +7; 3 mi. S Browns Peak, 1; 2 mi. E and ½ mi. S Medicine Bow Peak, 10800 ft., +2; 5 mi. N Laramie, 7200 ft., 1; 1 mi. E Laramie, 7164 ft., 18; Laramie Mts., +10 mi. E Laramie (8500 ft., 2; 9000 ft., 1), 3 (U. S. B. S.); 5 ½ 9; mi. ESE +Laramie, 8500 ft., 4; 8 mi. E and 4 mi. S Laramie, 8600 ft., 5; 8 mi. E and 6 +mi. S Laramie, 8500 ft., 1; 15 mi. SE Laramie, Pole Mtn., 8200 ft., 3 (U. S. B. S.); +1 mi. SSE Pole Mtn., (8250 ft., 4; 8350 ft., 6), 10; 1 mi. S Pole Mtn., +8350 ft., 2; 2 mi. SW Pole Mtn., 8300 ft., 6; 2 ½ mi. S Pole Mtn., 8340 ft., 1; +3 mi. S Pole Mtn., 1; Woods P. O., 2 (U. S. N. M.); Fort Russell, 1 (U. S. N. M.); +Sherman, 2 (U. S. N. M.).</p> + +<p><i>Additional records</i>.—Bailey (N. Amer. Fauna, 39:101, 112, November 15, +1915) has recorded the following specimens, which on geographic grounds, +would presumably be referable to <i>Thomomys talpoides rostralis</i>. <span class="smcap">Colorado</span>: +Estes Park (referred by Bailey, p. 101, to <i>T. t. clusius</i>), 1; Colorado City, 1; +Colorado Springs, 2 ½ mi. N, 6000 ft., 1; Colorado Springs, east of Palmer +Park, 1; Montgomery, 3; Nederland, 4; Teller County Divide, 1. These specimens +have not been examined by us.</p> + +<p> +<br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="center"><b>Thomomys talpoides attenuatus</b> new subspecies</p> + +<p><i>Type</i>.—Male, adult, skull and skin, no. 15095 Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas; +from 3 ½ mi. W Horse Creek Post Office, 7000 ft., Laramie County, Wyoming; +obtained on July 16, 1945, by Henry W. Setzer; original no. 629.</p> + +<p><i>Range</i>.—Southeastern Wyoming from Niobrara County south into Weld +County, Colorado.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis</i>.—Size small; color pale (whitish); skull smooth and, relative to +its length, slender; rostrum relatively long; nasals truncate posteriorly; middle +parts of zygomatic arches straight; temporal ridges low and more widely +separated in middle extent than at anterior or posterior ends; tympanic bullae +rounded and moderately inflated; interpterygoid space V-shaped.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons</i>.—From <i>Thomomys talpoides bullatus</i> (topotypes) to the northward, +<i>T. t. attenuatus</i> differs in smaller size, lighter (less brownish, more +whitish) color, smaller and slenderer skull. In detail, some cranial features +diagnostic of <i>attenuatus</i>, when compared with <i>bullatus</i>, are: Anterolateral +angle of zygoma less nearly a right angle; temporal ridges bowed outward at +middle, instead of straight, and farther apart posteriorly than anteriorly instead +of nearly parallel; sides of basioccipital nearly straight instead of concave.</p> + +<p>From <i>Thomomys talpoides cheyennensis</i> (holotype and Wyoming specimens +from: Pine Bluff; 1 mi. W Pine Bluffs, 5000 ft.; 12 mi. N and ½ mi. W Pine +Bluffs) to the eastward, <i>T. t. attenuatus</i> differs in smaller size throughout and +more slender skull. The two subspecies are indistinguishable in color.</p> + +<p>From <i>Thomomys talpoides macrotis</i> (topotypes) to the southward, <i>T. t. attenuatus</i> +differs in smaller size, slightly lighter (less brownish and more +whitish) color, smaller and slenderer skull.</p> + +<p>From <i>Thomomys talpoides rostralis</i> (specimens from the type locality) to +the westward, <i>T. t. attenuatus</i> differs in smaller size; lighter (grayer, less +brownish) color, smaller and less angular skull.</p> + +<p>From <i>Thomomys talpoides clusius</i> (topotypes) to the northwestward, <i>T. t. +attenuatus</i> differs in shorter body, slightly grayer color, less width across mastoid +region of skull, smaller tympanic bullae, and more obtuse anterolateral +angle on zygoma.</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks</i>.—This subspecies is of smaller size than any of the geographically +adjoining subspecies. Intergradation with <i>T. t. cheyennensis</i> +is shown by specimens from two miles south and nine and +one-half miles east of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Intergradation with +<i>T. t. bullatus</i> or <i>T. t. clusius</i> or both is suggested by the larger size +of the specimen from five miles southwest of Wheatland, Wyoming. +Although large, this skull has the slender proportions of <i>attenuatus</i> +to which the specimen is tentatively referred. Although the specimens +from Avalo, Colorado, are typical <i>attenuatus</i>, the specimen +from Pawnee Buttes, Colorado, is somewhat larger than typical +<i>attenuatus</i> and suggests intergradation with the subspecies to the +southward, for example, at Flagler, Colorado.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Specimens examined</i>.—Total number, 44, and unless otherwise indicated in +the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas.</p> + +<p><b>Wyoming</b>. <i>Niobrara County</i>: 10 mi. N Hatcreek Post Office, 5300 ft., 1. +<i>Platte Co</i>.: 5 mi. SW Wheatland, 1 (U. S. B. S.). <i>Goshen Co</i>.: Little Bear +Creek, 20 mi. SE Chugwater, 1 (U. S. B. S.). <i>Laramie Co</i>.: 5 mi. W and 1 +mi. N Horse Creek P. O., 7200 ft., 1; 3 ½ mi. W Horse Creek P. O., 7000 ft., 6; +2 <sup>1</sup>/<sub>5</sub> mi. W Horse Creek P. O., 6600 ft., 1; 2 mi. W Horse Creek P. O., 6600 ft., 2; +Horse Creek 6500 ft., 1; 3 mi. E Horse Creek P. O., 6400 ft., 5; 6 mi. W Islay, +2 (U. S. B. S.); 2 mi. S and ½ mi. E Pine Bluffs, 5200 ft., 1; 7 mi. W +Cheyenne, 6500 ft., 1; Cheyenne, 7 (U. S. N. M.); 1 mi. S and 4 ½ mi. E +Cheyenne, 5200 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 9 ½ mi. E Cheyenne, 5200 ft., 3; Arcola, 5200 +ft., 4.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p> + +<p><b>Colorado</b>. <i>Weld Co</i>.: Pawnee Buttes, 5300 ft., 1 (U. S. B. S.). <i>Logan Co</i>.: +Chimney Canyon, 10 mi. NE Avalo, 5100 ft., 5 (U. S. B. S.).</p> + +<p><i>Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence. Transmitted +January 15, 1951</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>Table 1. <span class="smcap">Measurements, in Millimeters, of Two Subspecies of Thomomys talpoides</span>.</h2> + +<table border="1" summary="Measurements, in Millimeters, of Two Subspecies of Thomomys talpoides"> +<tr> +<td class="tdc">Catalogue number or number of individuals averaged</td> +<td class="tdc">Sex</td> +<td class="tdc">Total length</td> +<td class="tdc">Length of tail</td> +<td class="tdc">Basilar length</td> +<td class="tdc">Length of hind foot</td> +<td class="tdc">Zygomatic breadth</td> +<td class="tdc">Least interorbital constriction</td> +<td class="tdc">Mastoidal breadth</td> +<td class="tdc">Length of nasals</td> +<td class="tdc">Breadth of rostrum</td> +<td class="tdc">Length of rostrum</td> +<td class="tdc">Alveolar length of maxilliary tooth-row</td> +</tr> + + + +<tr> +<td class="tdcp" colspan="13"><i>T. t. rostralis</i>, from type locality</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>17092</td><td class="tdc">♂</td><td class="tdc">220</td><td>56</td><td>28</td><td>33.2</td><td>23.7</td><td>6.4</td><td>19.5</td><td>15.5</td><td>8.1</td><td>17.5</td><td>8.2</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>17095</td><td class="tdc">♂</td><td class="tdc">228</td><td>68</td><td>30</td><td>33.3</td><td>....</td><td>6.5</td><td>18.8</td><td>15.0</td><td>7.4</td><td>17.3</td><td>7.3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>17091 </td><td class="tdc">♂</td><td class="tdc">212</td><td>56</td><td>27</td><td>33.0</td><td>22.8</td><td>6.5</td><td>18.7</td><td>14.2</td><td>8.5</td><td>16.2</td><td>7.6</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Average</td><td class="tdc">♂</td><td class="tdc">220</td><td>60</td><td>28.3</td><td>33.2</td><td>23.2</td><td>6.5</td><td>19.0</td><td>14.9</td><td>8.0</td><td>17.0</td><td>7.7</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>9 av.</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">214</td><td>56</td><td>27.1</td><td>31.6</td><td>22.4</td><td>6.5</td><td>18.5</td><td>14.4</td><td>7.8</td><td>16.8</td><td>7.9</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>min.</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">198</td><td>45</td><td>25</td><td>30.0</td><td>20.7</td><td>6.2</td><td>17.7</td><td>13.2</td><td>7.4</td><td>15.4</td><td>7.1</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>max.</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">230</td><td>72</td><td>28.5</td><td>33.5</td><td>23.3</td><td>7.0</td><td>19.8</td><td>14.9</td><td>8.1</td><td>17.7</td><td>8.4</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdcp" colspan="13"><i>T. t. attenuatus</i>, from type locality</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>15095</td><td class="tdc">♂</td><td class="tdc">202</td><td>61</td><td>26</td><td>30.1</td><td>21.2</td><td>6.6</td><td>18.2</td><td>13.6</td><td>7.3</td><td>16.0</td><td>7.0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>15094</td><td class="tdc">♂</td><td class="tdc">189</td><td>56</td><td>24</td><td>29.7</td><td>20.1</td><td>5.7</td><td>17.2</td><td>12.4</td><td>7.2</td><td>14.8</td><td>6.9</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdcp" colspan="13">from 2 ½ mi. W Horse Creek P. O., 6600 ft.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>15100</td><td class="tdc">♂</td><td class="tdc">196</td><td>58</td><td>27</td><td>30.2</td><td>21.7</td><td>6.1</td><td>18.4</td><td>14.5</td><td>7.5</td><td>16.3</td><td>7.0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>3 av.</td><td class="tdc">♂</td><td class="tdc">196</td><td>58</td><td>25.7</td><td>30.0</td><td>21.0</td><td>6.1</td><td>17.9</td><td>13.5</td><td>7.3</td><td>15.7</td><td>7.0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdcp" colspan="13">from type locality</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>15096</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">203</td><td>59</td><td>26</td><td>30.0</td><td>....</td><td>6.1</td><td>18.0</td><td>14.1</td><td>7.3</td><td>16.3</td><td>6.8</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>15098</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">192</td><td>69</td><td>26</td><td>28.8</td><td>19.8</td><td>5.5</td><td>17.2</td><td>12.0</td><td>6.7</td><td>14.7</td><td>7.3</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdcp" colspan="13">Horse Creek, 6500 ft.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>15103</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">181</td><td>58</td><td>25</td><td>29.6</td><td>19.5</td><td>5.9</td><td>16.3</td><td>13.0</td><td>6.9</td><td>15.2</td><td>7.0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdcp" colspan="13">3 mi. E Horse Creek P. O., 6400 ft.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>15107</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">190</td><td>54</td><td>27</td><td>30.5</td><td>20.5</td><td>6.0</td><td>17.9</td><td>13.5</td><td>7.3</td><td>16.4</td><td>6.8</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>15106</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">192</td><td>55</td><td>26</td><td>30.8</td><td>2105</td><td>6.5</td><td>18.2</td><td>12.7</td><td>7.6</td><td>15.5</td><td>7.0</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>5 av.</td><td class="tdc">♀</td><td class="tdc">192</td><td>59</td><td>26</td><td>29.9</td><td>20.3</td><td>6.0</td><td>17.5</td><td>13.1</td><td>7.2</td><td>15.6</td><td>7.0</td> +</tr> + +</table> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming +and Colorado, by E. Raymond Hall and H. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming and Colorado + +Author: E. Raymond Hall + H. Gordon Montague + +Release Date: June 17, 2009 [EBook #29141] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO NEW POCKET GOPHERS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Val Wooff, Joseph Cooper and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +Transcriber's Note. + +The layout of the column headings in the table at the end of this text +has been changed for ease of reading. Otherwise the text remains +unchanged. + + + + + + + Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming + and Colorado + + BY + + E. RAYMOND HALL and H. GORDON MONTAGUE + + + + + + University of Kansas Publications + + Museum of Natural History + + Volume 5, No. 3, pp. 25-32 + + February 28, 1951 + + + + + University of Kansas + + LAWRENCE + + 1951 + + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Edward H. Taylor, + A. Byron Leonard, Robert W. Wilson + + Volume 5, No. 3, pp. 25-32 + + February 28, 1951 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + + Lawrence, Kansas + + + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1951 + + + 23-6627 + + + + + + Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming and Colorado + + BY + + E. RAYMOND HALL AND H. GORDON MONTAGUE + + +In the academic year of 1947-48 Montague studied the geographic +variation in _Thomomys talpoides_ of Wyoming. His study was based upon +materials then in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History. +Publication of the results was purposely delayed until previously +reported specimens from certain adjacent areas, especially in Colorado, +could be examined. In the autumn of 1950 one of us, Hall, was able to +examine the specimens from Colorado; also, the specimens from Wyoming +accumulated in the past two seasons of field work in Wyoming were +examined by Hall. A result of these studies is the recognition of two +heretofore unnamed subspecies of the northern pocket gopher in +southeastern Wyoming. + +Grateful acknowledgment is made of the opportunity to study the +Coloradon specimens in the Biological Surveys Collection of the United +States National Museum, and of the financial assistance from the Kansas +University Endowment Association which permitted the field work in +Wyoming. + +Descriptions and names for the two new subspecies are given below: + + +=Thomomys talpoides rostralis= new subspecies + +_Type._--Female, adult, skull and skin, no. 17096 Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. +Kansas; from 1 mi. E Laramie, 7164 ft., Albany County, Wyoming; obtained +on July 16, 1945, by C. Howard Westman; original no. 320. + +_Range._--Southern Wyoming and south in the mountains of Colorado to the +Arkansas River but not including the Colorado River drainage except in +Grand County and part of Routt County. + +_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements); upper parts ranging from +between Cinnamon-Rufous and Hazel (capitalized terms are of Ridgway, +Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912) in the +eastern part of the range to between Argus Brown and Brussels Brown in +the western part of the range; sides Cinnamon-Rufous; throat whitish; +remainder of under-parts whitish, in many specimens tipped with +Ochraceous-Buff; feet and tail whitish; rostrum long; nasals ordinarily +truncate posteriorly; temporal ridges nearly parallel; interpterygoid +space broadly V-shaped. + +_Comparisons._--From _Thomomys talpoides clusius_ (topotypes), _T. t. +rostralis_ differs in: Body longer; color more reddish (lighter with +less brownish and more ochraceous); rostrum both longer and broader, +actually and also in relation to length of the skull; skull broader +interorbitally; upper molariform tooth-row longer; tympanic bullae less +inflated. For comparison with _T. t. attenuatus_ to the east, see the +account of that subspecies. + +From _Thomomys talpoides macrotis_ (topotypes) to the southeast, _T. t. +rostralis_ differs in: Body shorter; upper parts slightly more +ochraceous and less grayish; skull averaging smaller in all measurements +except that interorbital region is broader and rostrum and upper +molariform tooth-row are longer; nasals truncate versus emarginate, and +consistently shorter; basilar length consistently less in specimens of +equal age; mastoidal breadth less in 16 of 17 specimens of _rostralis_; +temporal ridges parallel instead of divergent posteriorly; exposed parts +of upper incisors shorter; tympanic bullae more angular +antero-laterally. + +From _Thomomys talpoides fossor_ (specimens from Rico, Silverton, Hermit +and Pagosa Springs, all in Colorado), the subspecies to the southward, +_T. t. rostralis_ differs in: Longer body; lighter color of upper parts; +nasals truncate rather than rounded posteriorly; temporal ridges more +nearly parallel (less divergent posteriorly); rostrum longer (averaging +longer and broader); skull wider across zygomatic arches in 11 of 12 +specimens of _rostralis._ + +_Remarks._--Geographic variation is evident in the material examined. In +the initial study, one of us, Montague, separated the material from the +Medicine Bow Range in Wyoming as a subspecies different from that at +Laramie and the adjoining mountains to the eastward because of the +darker color of the western animals and the smaller size of males. +Acquisition of more material from still farther west (Sierra Madre) in +Wyoming and the examination of material in the United States Biological +Surveys Collection from Colorado discloses that there is a cline of +increasing intensity of color from the geographic range of _T. t. +cheyennensis_ at Pine Bluffs, Wyoming, westward to the eastern side of +the Sierra Madre at a locality three miles east and five miles north of +Savery, Wyoming. A further deterrent to setting apart the animals of the +Medicine Bow Mountains as a separate subspecies is the large size of +males from the North Platte River Valley southeast of Saratoga. The +males from the valley of the North Platte are intermediate in size +between those from the Medicine Bow Mountains and those from the Laramie +River Valley. Females from the same places are available in longer +series and show less variation. If there is a difference in size in the +females, those from the mountains are larger than those from lower +elevations on either side. + +The examination that one of us, Hall, has made of the related materials +from Colorado reveals, as we supposed would be the case, that a large +area formerly assigned to the geographic range of _Thomomys talpoides +fossor_ is to be assigned to the geographic range of the newly named +_Thomomys talpoides rostralis._ It should be added that, at this +writing, the lack of ideally complete material from southwestern +Colorado leaves some doubt as to the range of variation properly to be +included within the geographic range of _T. t. fossor._ Consequently, +study of a larger number of specimens from more localities in Colorado +may show that the boundary between the geographic ranges of _T. t. +fossor_ and _T. t. rostralis_ should be shifted from where we have +tentatively placed it. + +_Specimens examined._--Total number, 168. Unless otherwise indicated, +those from Colorado are in the United States National Museum, Biological +Surveys Collection, and those from Wyoming are in the Museum of Natural +History of the University of Kansas. + +=Colorado.= _Routt Co._: Hahns Peak, 2; Hayden, 1. _Jackson Co._ Pearle, +North Park, 9000 ft., 2; Canadian Creek, North Park, 6; 5 mi. E Canadian +Creek, 1; Rabbit Ear Mts., Arapaho Pass, 5. _Larimer Co._: Elkhorn, 7000 +ft., 1; Estes Park, 7. _Grand Co._: Coulter, 4. _Boulder Co._: Longs +Peak, 3; Gold Hill (the skin only; skull does not belong), 1; 3 mi. S +Ward, 9000 ft., 10 (K. U.); 5 mi. W Boulder, 7. _Gilpin Co._: Blackhawk +(U. S. N. M.), 2. _Jefferson Co._: Golden, 1; Golden foothills, 7300 +ft., 1. _Park Co._: Como, South Park, 9800 ft., 1. _El Paso Co._: +Cascade, 1 (too young for certain sub-specific identification). + +=Wyoming.= _Carbon County_: 13 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8500 ft., 1; +14 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8800 ft., 1; 7 mi. S and 11 mi. E +Saratoga, 5; 8 mi. S and 6 mi. E Saratoga, 10; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E +Encampment, 8000 ft., 2; 10 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft., 1; +8 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 8400 ft., 10. _Albany Co._: 2-1/4 mi. +ESE Browns Peak, 10300 ft., 7; 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak 10000 ft., 5; 2 mi. +S Browns Peak, 10600 ft., 7; 3 mi. S Browns Peak, 1; 2 mi. E and 1/2 mi. +S Medicine Bow Peak, 10800 ft., 2; 5 mi. N Laramie, 7200 ft., 1; 1 mi. E +Laramie, 7164 ft., 18; Laramie Mts., 10 mi. E Laramie (8500 ft., 2; 9000 +ft., 1), 3 (U. S. B. S.); 5-1/2 mi. ESE Laramie, 8500 ft., 4; 8 mi. E +and 4 mi. S Laramie, 8600 ft., 5; 8 mi. E and 6 mi. S Laramie, 8500 ft., +1; 15 mi. SE Laramie, Pole Mtn., 8200 ft., 3 (U. S. B. S.); 1 mi. SSE +Pole Mtn., (8250 ft., 4; 8350 ft., 6), 10; 1 mi. S Pole Mtn., 8350 ft., +2; 2 mi. SW Pole Mtn., 8300 ft., 6; 2-1/2 mi. S Pole Mtn., 8340 ft., 1; +3 mi. S Pole Mtn., 1; Woods P. O., 2 (U. S. N. M.); Fort Russell, 1 (U. +S. N. M.); Sherman, 2 (U. S. N. M.). + +_Additional records._--Bailey (N. Amer. Fauna, 39:101, 112, November 15, +1915) has recorded the following specimens, which on geographic grounds, +would presumably be referable to _Thomomys talpoides rostralis._ +COLORADO: Estes Park (referred by Bailey, p. 101, to _T. t. clusius_), +1; Colorado City, 1; Colorado Springs, 2-1/2 mi. N, 6000 ft., 1; +Colorado Springs, east of Palmer Park, 1; Montgomery, 3; Nederland, 4; +Teller County Divide, 1. These specimens have not been examined by us. + + +=Thomomys talpoides attenuatus= new subspecies + +_Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, no. 15095 Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. +Kansas; from 3-1/2 mi. W Horse Creek Post Office, 7000 ft., Laramie +County, Wyoming; obtained on July 16, 1945, by Henry W. Setzer; original +no. 629. + +_Range._--Southeastern Wyoming from Niobrara County south into Weld +County, Colorado. + +_Diagnosis._--Size small; color pale (whitish); skull smooth and, +relative to its length, slender; rostrum relatively long; nasals +truncate posteriorly; middle parts of zygomatic arches straight; +temporal ridges low and more widely separated in middle extent than at +anterior or posterior ends; tympanic bullae rounded and moderately +inflated; interpterygoid space V-shaped. + +_Comparisons._--From _Thomomys talpoides bullatus_ (topotypes) to the +northward, _T. t. attenuatus_ differs in smaller size, lighter (less +brownish, more whitish) color, smaller and slenderer skull. In detail, +some cranial features diagnostic of _attenuatus,_ when compared with +_bullatus,_ are: Anterolateral angle of zygoma less nearly a right +angle; temporal ridges bowed outward at middle, instead of straight, and +farther apart posteriorly than anteriorly instead of nearly parallel; +sides of basioccipital nearly straight instead of concave. + +From _Thomomys talpoides cheyennensis_ (holotype and Wyoming specimens +from: Pine Bluff; 1 mi. W Pine Bluffs, 5000 ft.; 12 mi. N and 1/2 mi. W +Pine Bluffs) to the eastward, _T. t. attenuatus_ differs in smaller size +throughout and more slender skull. The two subspecies are +indistinguishable in color. + +From _Thomomys talpoides macrotis_ (topotypes) to the southward, _T. t. +attenuatus_ differs in smaller size, slightly lighter (less brownish and +more whitish) color, smaller and slenderer skull. + +From _Thomomys talpoides rostralis_ (specimens from the type locality) +to the westward, _T. t. attenuatus_ differs in smaller size; lighter +(grayer, less brownish) color, smaller and less angular skull. + +From _Thomomys talpoides clusius_ (topotypes) to the northwestward, _T. +t. attenuatus_ differs in shorter body, slightly grayer color, less +width across mastoid region of skull, smaller tympanic bullae, and more +obtuse anterolateral angle on zygoma. + +_Remarks._--This subspecies is of smaller size than any of the +geographically adjoining subspecies. Intergradation with _T. t. +cheyennensis_ is shown by specimens from two miles south and nine and +one-half miles east of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Intergradation with _T. t. +bullatus_ or _T. t. clusius_ or both is suggested by the larger size of +the specimen from five miles southwest of Wheatland, Wyoming. Although +large, this skull has the slender proportions of _attenuatus_ to which +the specimen is tentatively referred. Although the specimens from Avalo, +Colorado, are typical _attenuatus,_ the specimen from Pawnee Buttes, +Colorado, is somewhat larger than typical _attenuatus_ and suggests +intergradation with the subspecies to the southward, for example, at +Flagler, Colorado. + +_Specimens examined._--Total number, 44, and unless otherwise indicated +in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas. + +=Wyoming.= _Niobrara County_: 10 mi. N Hatcreek Post Office, 5300 ft., +1. _Platte Co._: 5 mi. SW Wheatland, 1 (U. S. B. S.). _Goshen Co._: +Little Bear Creek, 20 mi. SE Chugwater, 1 (U. S. B. S.). _Laramie Co._: +5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek P. O., 7200 ft., 1; 3-1/2 mi. W Horse +Creek P. O., 7000 ft., 6; 2-1/5 mi. W Horse Creek P. O., 6600 ft., 1; 2 +mi. W Horse Creek P. O., 6600 ft., 2; Horse Creek 6500 ft., 1; 3 mi. E +Horse Creek P. O., 6400 ft., 5; 6 mi. W Islay, 2 (U. S. B. S.); 2 mi. S +and 1/2 mi. E Pine Bluffs, 5200 ft., 1; 7 mi. W + +Cheyenne, 6500 ft., 1; Cheyenne, 7 (U. S. N. M.); 1 mi. S and 4-1/2 mi. +E Cheyenne, 5200 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 9-1/2 mi. E Cheyenne, 5200 ft., 3; +Arcola, 5200 ft., 4. + +=Colorado.= _Weld Co._: Pawnee Buttes, 5300 ft., 1 (U. S. B. S.). _Logan +Co._: Chimney Canyon, 10 mi. NE Avalo, 5100 ft., 5 (U. S. B. S.). + +_Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence. Transmitted +January 15, 1951._ + + + + +TABLE 1. MEASUREMENTS, IN MILLIMETERS, OF TWO SUBSPECIES OF THOMOMYS +TALPOIDES. +______________________________________________________________________ + + Column A Catalogue number or number of averaged individuals + Column B Sex + Column C Total length + Column D Length of tail + Column E Basilar length + Column F Length of hind foot + Column G Zygomatic breadth + Column H Least interorbital constriction + Column I Mastoidal breadth + Column J Length of nasals + Column K Breadth of rostrum + Column L Length of rostrum + Column M Alveolar length if maxilliary tooth-row + + + A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M + + _T. t. rostralis,_ from type locality + + 17092 |Male |220|56 |28 |33.2|23.7|6.4 |19.5|15.5|8.1 |17.5| 8.2 + 17095 |Male |228|68 |30 |33.3| - |6.5 |18.8|15.0|7.4 |17.3| 7.3 + 17091 |Male |212|56 |27 |33.0|22.8|6.5 |18.7|14.2|8.5 |16.2| 7.6 + Average|Male |220|60 |28.3|33.2|23.2|6.5 |19.0|14.9|8.0 |17.0| 7.7 + 9 av. |Female|214|56 |27.1|31.6|22.4|6.5 |18.5|14.4|7.8 |16.8| 7.9 + min. |Female|198|45 |25 |30.0|20.7|6.2 |17.7|13.2|7.4 |15.4| 7.1 + max. |Female|230|72 |28.5|33.5|23.3|7.0 |19.8|14.9|8.1 |17.7| 8.4 + + _T. t. attenuatus,_ from type locality + + 15095 |Male |202|61 |26 |30.1|21.2|6.6 |18.2|13.6|7.3 |16.0| 7.0 + 15094 |Male |189|56 |24 |29.7|20.1|5.7 |17.2|12.4|7.2 |14.8| 6.9 + + from 2-1/2 mi. W Horse Creek P. O., 6600 ft. + + 15100 |Male |196|58 |27 |30.2|21.7|6.1 |18.4|14.5|7.5 |16.3| 7.0 + 3 av. |Male |196|58 |25.7|30.0|21.0|6.1 |17.9|13.5|7.3 |15.7| 7.0 + + from type locality + + 15096 |Female|203|59 |26 |30.0| - |6.1 |18.0|14.1|7.3 |16.3| 6.8 + 15098 |Female|192|69 |26 |28.8|19.8|5.5 |17.2|12.0|6.7 |14.7| 7.3 + + Horse Creek, 6500 ft. + + 15103 |Female|181|58 |25 |29.6|19.5|5.9 |16.3|13.0|6.9 |15.2| 7.0 + + 3 mi. E Horse Creek P. O., 6400 ft. + + 15107 |Female|190|54 |27 |30.5|20.5|6.0 |17.9|13.5|7.3 |16.4| 6.8 + 15106 |Female|192|55 |26 |30.8|21.5|6.5 |18.2|12.7|7.6 |15.5| 7.0 + 5 av. |Female|192|59 |26 |29.9|20.3|6.0 |17.5|13.1|7.2 |15.6| 7.0 + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Two New Pocket Gophers from Wyoming +and Colorado, by E. Raymond Hall and H. 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