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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from
+Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, by E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone
+
+Author: E. Raymond Hall
+        William B. Jackson
+
+Release Date: May 17, 2009 [EBook #28852]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEVENTEEN SPECIES OF BATS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Greg Bergquist
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from
+Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone
+
+BY
+
+E. RAYMOND HALL and WILLIAM B. JACKSON
+
+
+University of Kansas Publications
+
+Museum of Natural History
+
+Volume 5, No. 37, pp. 641-646
+
+December 1, 1953
+
+
+University of Kansas
+
+LAWRENCE
+
+1953
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
+
+Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,
+Robert W. Wilson
+
+Volume 5, No. 37, pp. 641-646
+December 1, 1953
+
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
+Lawrence, Kansas
+
+
+PRINTED BY
+FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER
+TOPEKA, KANSAS
+1953
+
+
+25-264
+
+
+
+
+Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama
+Canal Zone
+
+By
+
+E. RAYMOND HALL and WILLIAM B. JACKSON
+
+
+Our aim is to bring up to date the list of kinds of bats actually known
+from Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. In 1952 Samuel T. Dickenson,
+Marguerite Schultz, George P. Young, and E. Raymond Hall spent the first
+17 days of April (except Mrs. Schultz who left on April 8) on Barro
+Colorado Island. On eight evenings a silk net, 30 feet long and 7 feet
+high with a 3/4-inch mesh, was stretched in an open place to intercept
+bats. On the first five nights it was stretched in the laboratory
+clearing. On April 6 the net was erected in the forest across the
+Barbara Lathrop Trail 25 feet past its entrance; on the 7th and 8th the
+net was placed across the Snyder-Molino Trail at the Termite Cemetery,
+150 yards southwest of the new (built in 1952) laboratory.
+
+William B. Jackson was on the island from January 30 to June 6, 1952, as
+a member of a group from the American Museum of Natural History. On May
+4 he set the bat net across Allee Creek at the beginning of the Barbara
+Lathrop Trail, and from May 5 to 27 he set the net in the Termite
+Cemetery where it was mounted between two small trees with its lower
+edge approximately 5 feet above the ground. Unless otherwise stated,
+specimens were caught in this net.
+
+On Barro Colorado Island one aim is to preserve the biota and natural
+conditions with as little interference from man as possible.
+Consequently most of the bats captured were released after being
+wing-banded by Jackson with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service bat bands;
+but an attempt was made, with the permission of Mr. James Zetek,
+Resident Custodian of the Canal Zone Biological Area administered
+through the Smithsonian Institution, to save one or a few specimens of
+each species for positive identification. Catalogue numbers are of the
+University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, unless otherwise
+indicated. We are obliged to Mr. Colin C. Sanborn and Mr. Robert J.
+Russell for checking our identifications of the specimens. Assistance
+with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University Endowment
+Association, the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through
+contract No. NR-161-791, and Mr. James Zetek.
+
+Six species of bats were recorded from Barro Colorado Island by
+Professor Robert K. Enders in his "Mammalian Life Histories from Barro
+Colorado Island, Panamá" (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., at Harvard College,
+78: 383-502, 5 pls., October, 1935). With his list as a starting place
+we can offer a revised list as follows:
+
+Saccopteryx bilineata (Temminck).--Nos. 45061, 45062, 45097, and 402 and
+404 of Jackson. Nonpregnant female No. 45061 captured on April 3 weighed
+7.0 grams; No. 45062 captured on April 4 contained one embryo 22 mm.
+long. It was common to see several bats of this species, not in a
+cluster but with a few inches of space between any one bat and its
+neighbors, on the vertical screens that covered the airways beneath the
+eaves of the buildings. A colony was established in Zetek House (a
+trail-end house on the western side of the Island), and several
+individuals often were seen in the Tower House. As many as 50
+individuals could be found at the Van Tyne Big Tree (_Bombacopsis
+Fendleri_) where they hung singly in the shaded inter-buttress spaces
+and on the exposed trunk sometimes up to a height of 100 feet.
+Occasionally several individuals would be seen in inter-buttress spaces
+of large trees on other parts of the Island. These bats were more alert
+during the daylight hours than were most other kinds of bats and could
+be approached and captured only with considerable difficulty. From the
+various colonies 13 females and 3 males were banded.
+
+Noctilio leporinus mexicanus Goldman.--Seen in Wheeler Estuary by Enders
+(_op. cit._:416) who uses the subspecific name _N. l. leporinus_.
+Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79:121, May 29, 1942) later used
+the subspecific name _N. l. mexicanus_ for this species in Panamá.
+
+Micronycteris megalotis microtis Miller.--Enders (_op. cit._:417)
+obtained specimens of this species from the underside of a fallen log
+and in a hollow tree at marker No. 23 on the Pearson Trail.
+
+Phyllostomus discolor discolor Wagner.--Taken from a hollow tree by
+Enders (_op. cit._:417).
+
+Glossophaga soricina leachii (Gray).--No. 45073, April 5.
+
+Carollia perspicillata azteca Saussure.--No. 400 of Jackson taken at
+Allee Creek and Barbara Lathrop Trail and No. 52456 (410 of Jackson) at
+Termite Cemetery. These two nonpregnant females weighed 14.7 and 17.7
+grams, respectively. Two ([Male] and [Female]), caught at Termite
+Cemetery were banded and released.
+
+Carollia castanea H. Allen.--Males, 45080 and 45081, weighed 11.8 and
+11.5 grams; at 9:30 P.M., on April 6, on Barbara Lathrop Trail.
+
+Vampyrops helleri Peters.--Male, No. 45095, in net on April 4; weighed
+15 grams.
+
+Vampyressa minuta Miller.--Lactating female, No. 45094, weighed 10.0
+grams. At 10:30 A.M. at the outer end of the Armour Trail, Young and
+Hall had barely paused to listen to animal sounds when they saw this bat
+alight on a breast-high twig of a bush beneath large trees in the gloom
+of the forest. Possibly it had been disturbed when the zoologists a few
+seconds before had pushed aside bushes that partly obstructed the trail.
+
+Vampyressa nymphaea Thomas.--Nonpregnant female No. 52455 (403 of
+Jackson) weighed 10.3 grams and was taken at the Termite Cemetery on May
+8. So far as we know, this specimen provides the first record of
+occurrence in North America of this species which previously had been
+recorded only from South America.
+
+Chiroderma isthmica Miller.--Male No. 45096, April 2; weighed 13.7
+grams.
+
+Vampyrodes major G.M. Allen.--Male No. 45085, weighed 33 grams. It and
+the one _Chiroderma isthmica_ on the morning of April 2 constituted the
+total catch found in the net stretched in the open clearing between two
+cabins.
+
+Artibeus lituratus palmarum J.A. Allen and Chapman.--Nonpregnant female
+No. 45086 taken on evening of April 7, weighed 68.0 grams. No. 401 of
+Jackson taken on May 6 weighed 53.5 grams and contained one embryo 12
+mm. long; his No. 409 taken on May 10 weighed 53.7 grams and contained
+one embryo 15 mm. long.
+
+Enders (_op. cit._:418) took specimens of _Artibeus jamaicensis
+jamaicensis_ in Panamá and possibly on Barro Colorado Island; he is not
+specific as to locality.
+
+Artibeus cinereus watsoni Thomas.--Male No. 45087 on April 8; weight
+13.6 grams. Ingles (Jour. Mamm., 34:267, May, 1953) records the finding
+of as many as three of these bats on the Island in a "tent" that the
+bats had made of a frond of the palm, _Geonoma decurrens_.
+
+Thyroptera tricolor albigula G.M. Allen.--On May 10 along the
+Snyder-Molino Trail 50 meters from its beginning Dr. E.R. Dunn found in
+a curled _Heliaconia_ leaf a group of four bats of this species. A
+lactating female (No. 405 of Jackson), a young male (No. 406 of
+Jackson) attached to its mother's teat, and a male (No. 407 of Jackson,
+now 52457 K.U.) weighed, respectively, 4.8, 2.2, and 4.0 grams. The
+young one remained attached to the mother when she flew about the
+laboratory. The fourth specimen, a male, was banded and released. These
+bats with the aid of suction cups on their wrists and ankles hung head
+up in the rolled leaf and on places in the laboratory on which they
+alighted. This species was previously recorded (see Enders, _op.
+cit._:421) from Barro Colorado Island, on the basis of other specimens
+also captured by Professor Dunn.
+
+Myotis nigricans nigricans (Schinz).--Nos. 45089-45091 and No. 408 of
+Jackson. Nos. 45090 and 45091 were plucked from under the eaves of
+buildings, but No. 45089 was caught in the net on the evening of April
+5. Jackson found this species to roost between the corrugations of the
+metal roof and the underlying wooden supports. He banded 14 individuals,
+most of which were pulled with forceps from their resting places in the
+old laboratory or the kitchen. All were males. Five were recaptured from
+one to 13 days after banding, and two were found in the places from
+which they originally had been plucked 13 days previously. Enders (_op.
+cit._:421) found this species to be abundant about the laboratory where
+it spent the day hanging under the eaves.
+
+Molossus coibensis J.A. Allen.--Males Nos. 45092 and 45093 weighed 13.9
+and 10.0 grams. They were taken in the clearing on April 3 and 5. Enders
+(_op. cit._:421) found this bat under the eaves of the laboratory along
+with _Myotis nigricans_.
+
+      *      *      *      *      *
+
+On April 19, 1952, Dr. Harold Trapido kindly took Young, Dickenson,
+Hall, and Dr. and Mrs. E.R. Dunn to the Experimental Botanical Gardens
+at Summit in the Canal Zone where Nos. 45082-45084 of _Uroderma
+bilobatum_ Peters were saved. On the same date Doctor Trapido took the
+five of us also to Chilibrillo Cave in Panamá 10 miles north of Pedro
+Miguel where specimens were saved as follows: _Saccopteryx bilineata_
+(Temminck), 45059 and 45060; _Phyllostomus hastatus panamensis_ J.A.
+Allen, 45063-45072; _Lonchophylla robusta_ Miller, 45074-45075;
+_Carollia perspicillata azteca_ Saussure, 45076-45079; _Natalus
+mexicanus saturabus_ Dalquest and Hall, 45088.
+
+_Transmitted July 20, 1953._
+
+25-264
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded
+from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, by E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEVENTEEN SPECIES OF BATS ***
+
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+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded
+      from Barro Colorado Island, Panana Canal Zone, by E. Raymond Hall
+      and William B. Jackson.
+    </title>
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+p {  margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify;
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from
+Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, by E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone
+
+Author: E. Raymond Hall
+        William B. Jackson
+
+Release Date: May 17, 2009 [EBook #28852]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEVENTEEN SPECIES OF BATS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Greg Bergquist
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
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+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_641" id="Page_641">[Pg 641]</a></span></p>
+<h1>
+Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from<br />
+Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone</h1>
+
+<p class="center">BY<br /><br />
+
+E. RAYMOND HALL and WILLIAM B. JACKSON<br />
+<br /><br /><br /><br />
+
+University of Kansas Publications<br />
+
+Museum of Natural History<br />
+
+Volume 5, No. 37, pp. 641&ndash;646<br />
+
+December 1, 1953<br />
+
+<br /><br /><br /><br />
+<small>University of Kansas<br />
+
+LAWRENCE<br />
+
+1953</small>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<p class="center"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_642" id="Page_642">[Pg 642]</a></span>
+<span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br />
+<br />
+Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,<br />
+Robert W. Wilson<br />
+<br />
+Volume 5, No. 37, pp. 641&ndash;646<br />
+
+December 1, 1953<br />
+<br />
+<br /><br /><br /><br />
+<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br />
+Lawrence, Kansas<br />
+<br /><br /><br /><br />
+<br />
+<small>PRINTED BY<br />
+FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br />
+TOPEKA, KANSAS<br />
+1953<br />
+
+25&ndash;264</small><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_643" id="Page_643">[Pg 643]</a></span></p>
+<h2>Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from<br /> Barro Colorado Island, Panama
+Canal Zone</h2>
+
+<p class="center">By<br />
+
+E. RAYMOND HALL and WILLIAM B. JACKSON<br /><br /></p>
+
+
+<p>Our aim is to bring up to date the list of kinds of bats actually known
+from Barro Colorado Island, Panam&aacute;. In 1952 Samuel T. Dickenson,
+Marguerite Schultz, George P. Young, and E. Raymond Hall spent the first
+17 days of April (except Mrs. Schultz who left on April 8) on Barro
+Colorado Island. On eight evenings a silk net, 30 feet long and 7 feet
+high with a &frac34;-inch mesh, was stretched in an open place to intercept
+bats. On the first five nights it was stretched in the laboratory
+clearing. On April 6 the net was erected in the forest across the
+Barbara Lathrop Trail 25 feet past its entrance; on the 7th and 8th the
+net was placed across the Snyder-Molino Trail at the Termite Cemetery,
+150 yards southwest of the new (built in 1952) laboratory.</p>
+
+<p>William B. Jackson was on the island from January 30 to June 6, 1952, as
+a member of a group from the American Museum of Natural History. On May
+4 he set the bat net across Allee Creek at the beginning of the Barbara
+Lathrop Trail, and from May 5 to 27 he set the net in the Termite
+Cemetery where it was mounted between two small trees with its lower
+edge approximately 5 feet above the ground. Unless otherwise stated,
+specimens were caught in this net.</p>
+
+<p>On Barro Colorado Island one aim is to preserve the biota and natural
+conditions with as little interference from man as possible.
+Consequently most of the bats captured were released after being
+wing-banded by Jackson with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service bat bands;
+but an attempt was made, with the permission of Mr. James Zetek,
+Resident Custodian of the Canal Zone Biological Area administered
+through the Smithsonian Institution, to save one or a few specimens of
+each species for positive identification. Catalogue numbers are of the
+University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, unless otherwise
+indicated. We are obliged to Mr. Colin C. Sanborn and Mr. Robert J.
+Russell for checking our identifications of the specimens. Assistance
+with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University Endowment
+Association, the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through
+contract No. NR&ndash;161&ndash;791, and Mr. James Zetek.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_644" id="Page_644">[Pg 644]</a></span></p><p>Six species of bats were recorded from Barro Colorado Island by
+Professor Robert K. Enders in his "Mammalian Life Histories from Barro
+Colorado Island, Panam&aacute;" (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., at Harvard College,
+78: 383&ndash;502, 5 pls., October, 1935). With his list as a starting place
+we can offer a revised list as follows:</p>
+
+<p><b>Saccopteryx bilineata</b> (Temminck).&mdash;Nos. 45061, 45062, 45097, and 402 and
+404 of Jackson. Nonpregnant female No. 45061 captured on April 3 weighed
+7.0 grams; No. 45062 captured on April 4 contained one embryo 22 mm.
+long. It was common to see several bats of this species, not in a
+cluster but with a few inches of space between any one bat and its
+neighbors, on the vertical screens that covered the airways beneath the
+eaves of the buildings. A colony was established in Zetek House (a
+trail-end house on the western side of the Island), and several
+individuals often were seen in the Tower House. As many as 50
+individuals could be found at the Van Tyne Big Tree (<i>Bombacopsis
+Fendleri</i>) where they hung singly in the shaded inter-buttress spaces
+and on the exposed trunk sometimes up to a height of 100 feet.
+Occasionally several individuals would be seen in inter-buttress spaces
+of large trees on other parts of the Island. These bats were more alert
+during the daylight hours than were most other kinds of bats and could
+be approached and captured only with considerable difficulty. From the
+various colonies 13 females and 3 males were banded.</p>
+
+<p><b>Noctilio leporinus mexicanus</b> Goldman.&mdash;Seen in Wheeler Estuary by Enders
+(<i>op. cit.</i>:416) who uses the subspecific name <i>N. l. leporinus</i>.
+Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79:121, May 29, 1942) later used
+the subspecific name <i>N. l. mexicanus</i> for this species in Panam&aacute;.</p>
+
+<p><b>Micronycteris megalotis microtis</b> Miller.&mdash;Enders (<i>op. cit.</i>:417)
+obtained specimens of this species from the underside of a fallen log
+and in a hollow tree at marker No. 23 on the Pearson Trail.</p>
+
+<p><b>Phyllostomus discolor discolor</b> Wagner.&mdash;Taken from a hollow tree by
+Enders (<i>op. cit.</i>:417).</p>
+
+<p><b>Glossophaga soricina leachii</b> (Gray).&mdash;No. 45073, April 5.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carollia perspicillata azteca</b> Saussure.&mdash;No. 400 of Jackson taken at
+Allee Creek and Barbara Lathrop Trail and No. 52456 (410 of Jackson) at
+Termite Cemetery. These two nonpregnant females weighed 14.7 and 17.7
+grams, respectively. Two (&#9794; and &#9792;), caught at Termite
+Cemetery were banded and released.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carollia castanea</b> H. Allen.&mdash;Males, 45080 and 45081, weighed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_645" id="Page_645">[Pg 645]</a></span> 11.8 and
+11.5 grams; at 9:30 P.M., on April 6, on Barbara Lathrop Trail.</p>
+
+<p><b>Vampyrops helleri</b> Peters.&mdash;Male, No. 45095, in net on April 4; weighed
+15 grams.</p>
+
+<p><b>Vampyressa minuta</b> Miller.&mdash;Lactating female, No. 45094, weighed 10.0
+grams. At 10:30 A.M. at the outer end of the Armour Trail, Young and
+Hall had barely paused to listen to animal sounds when they saw this bat
+alight on a breast-high twig of a bush beneath large trees in the gloom
+of the forest. Possibly it had been disturbed when the zoologists a few
+seconds before had pushed aside bushes that partly obstructed the trail.</p>
+
+<p><b>Vampyressa nymphaea</b> Thomas.&mdash;Nonpregnant female No. 52455 (403 of
+Jackson) weighed 10.3 grams and was taken at the Termite Cemetery on May
+8. So far as we know, this specimen provides the first record of
+occurrence in North America of this species which previously had been
+recorded only from South America.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chiroderma isthmica</b> Miller.&mdash;Male No. 45096, April 2; weighed 13.7
+grams.</p>
+
+<p><b>Vampyrodes major</b> G.M. Allen.&mdash;Male No. 45085, weighed 33 grams. It and
+the one <i>Chiroderma isthmica</i> on the morning of April 2 constituted the
+total catch found in the net stretched in the open clearing between two
+cabins.</p>
+
+<p><b>Artibeus lituratus palmarum</b> J.A. Allen and Chapman.&mdash;Nonpregnant female
+No. 45086 taken on evening of April 7, weighed 68.0 grams. No. 401 of
+Jackson taken on May 6 weighed 53.5 grams and contained one embryo 12
+mm. long; his No. 409 taken on May 10 weighed 53.7 grams and contained
+one embryo 15 mm. long.</p>
+
+<p>Enders (<i>op. cit.</i>:418) took specimens of <i>Artibeus jamaicensis
+jamaicensis</i> in Panam&aacute; and possibly on Barro Colorado Island; he is not
+specific as to locality.</p>
+
+<p><b>Artibeus cinereus watsoni</b> Thomas.&mdash;Male No. 45087 on April 8; weight
+13.6 grams. Ingles (Jour. Mamm., 34:267, May, 1953) records the finding
+of as many as three of these bats on the Island in a "tent" that the
+bats had made of a frond of the palm, <i>Geonoma decurrens</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Thyroptera tricolor albigula</b> G.M. Allen.&mdash;On May 10 along the
+Snyder-Molino Trail 50 meters from its beginning Dr. E.R. Dunn found in
+a curled <i>Heliaconia</i> leaf a group of four bats of this species. A
+lactating female (No. 405 of Jackson), a young male (No. 406<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_646" id="Page_646">[Pg 646]</a></span> of
+Jackson) attached to its mother's teat, and a male (No. 407 of Jackson,
+now 52457 K.U.) weighed, respectively, 4.8, 2.2, and 4.0 grams. The
+young one remained attached to the mother when she flew about the
+laboratory. The fourth specimen, a male, was banded and released. These
+bats with the aid of suction cups on their wrists and ankles hung head
+up in the rolled leaf and on places in the laboratory on which they
+alighted. This species was previously recorded (see Enders, <i>op.
+cit.</i>:421) from Barro Colorado Island, on the basis of other specimens
+also captured by Professor Dunn.</p>
+
+<p><b>Myotis nigricans nigricans</b> (Schinz).&mdash;Nos. 45089&ndash;45091 and No. 408 of
+Jackson. Nos. 45090 and 45091 were plucked from under the eaves of
+buildings, but No. 45089 was caught in the net on the evening of April
+5. Jackson found this species to roost between the corrugations of the
+metal roof and the underlying wooden supports. He banded 14 individuals,
+most of which were pulled with forceps from their resting places in the
+old laboratory or the kitchen. All were males. Five were recaptured from
+one to 13 days after banding, and two were found in the places from
+which they originally had been plucked 13 days previously. Enders (<i>op.
+cit.</i>:421) found this species to be abundant about the laboratory where
+it spent the day hanging under the eaves.</p>
+
+<p><b>Molossus coibensis</b> J.A. Allen.&mdash;Males Nos. 45092 and 45093 weighed 13.9
+and 10.0 grams. They were taken in the clearing on April 3 and 5. Enders
+(<i>op. cit.</i>:421) found this bat under the eaves of the laboratory along
+with <i>Myotis nigricans</i>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>On April 19, 1952, Dr. Harold Trapido kindly took Young, Dickenson,
+Hall, and Dr. and Mrs. E.R. Dunn to the Experimental Botanical Gardens
+at Summit in the Canal Zone where Nos. 45082&ndash;45084 of <i>Uroderma
+bilobatum</i> Peters were saved. On the same date Doctor Trapido took the
+five of us also to Chilibrillo Cave in Panam&aacute; 10 miles north of Pedro
+Miguel where specimens were saved as follows: <i>Saccopteryx bilineata</i>
+(Temminck), 45059 and 45060; <i>Phyllostomus hastatus panamensis</i> J.A.
+Allen, 45063&ndash;45072; <i>Lonchophylla robusta</i> Miller, 45074&ndash;45075;
+<i>Carollia perspicillata azteca</i> Saussure, 45076&ndash;45079; <i>Natalus
+mexicanus saturabus</i> Dalquest and Hall, 45088.</p>
+
+<p><i>Transmitted July 20, 1953.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<p class="center">25&ndash;264</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded
+from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, by E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from
+Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, by E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone
+
+Author: E. Raymond Hall
+        William B. Jackson
+
+Release Date: May 17, 2009 [EBook #28852]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEVENTEEN SPECIES OF BATS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Greg Bergquist
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from
+Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone
+
+BY
+
+E. RAYMOND HALL and WILLIAM B. JACKSON
+
+
+University of Kansas Publications
+
+Museum of Natural History
+
+Volume 5, No. 37, pp. 641-646
+
+December 1, 1953
+
+
+University of Kansas
+
+LAWRENCE
+
+1953
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
+
+Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,
+Robert W. Wilson
+
+Volume 5, No. 37, pp. 641-646
+December 1, 1953
+
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
+Lawrence, Kansas
+
+
+PRINTED BY
+FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER
+TOPEKA, KANSAS
+1953
+
+
+25-264
+
+
+
+
+Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama
+Canal Zone
+
+By
+
+E. RAYMOND HALL and WILLIAM B. JACKSON
+
+
+Our aim is to bring up to date the list of kinds of bats actually known
+from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. In 1952 Samuel T. Dickenson,
+Marguerite Schultz, George P. Young, and E. Raymond Hall spent the first
+17 days of April (except Mrs. Schultz who left on April 8) on Barro
+Colorado Island. On eight evenings a silk net, 30 feet long and 7 feet
+high with a 3/4-inch mesh, was stretched in an open place to intercept
+bats. On the first five nights it was stretched in the laboratory
+clearing. On April 6 the net was erected in the forest across the
+Barbara Lathrop Trail 25 feet past its entrance; on the 7th and 8th the
+net was placed across the Snyder-Molino Trail at the Termite Cemetery,
+150 yards southwest of the new (built in 1952) laboratory.
+
+William B. Jackson was on the island from January 30 to June 6, 1952, as
+a member of a group from the American Museum of Natural History. On May
+4 he set the bat net across Allee Creek at the beginning of the Barbara
+Lathrop Trail, and from May 5 to 27 he set the net in the Termite
+Cemetery where it was mounted between two small trees with its lower
+edge approximately 5 feet above the ground. Unless otherwise stated,
+specimens were caught in this net.
+
+On Barro Colorado Island one aim is to preserve the biota and natural
+conditions with as little interference from man as possible.
+Consequently most of the bats captured were released after being
+wing-banded by Jackson with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service bat bands;
+but an attempt was made, with the permission of Mr. James Zetek,
+Resident Custodian of the Canal Zone Biological Area administered
+through the Smithsonian Institution, to save one or a few specimens of
+each species for positive identification. Catalogue numbers are of the
+University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, unless otherwise
+indicated. We are obliged to Mr. Colin C. Sanborn and Mr. Robert J.
+Russell for checking our identifications of the specimens. Assistance
+with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University Endowment
+Association, the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through
+contract No. NR-161-791, and Mr. James Zetek.
+
+Six species of bats were recorded from Barro Colorado Island by
+Professor Robert K. Enders in his "Mammalian Life Histories from Barro
+Colorado Island, Panama" (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., at Harvard College,
+78: 383-502, 5 pls., October, 1935). With his list as a starting place
+we can offer a revised list as follows:
+
+Saccopteryx bilineata (Temminck).--Nos. 45061, 45062, 45097, and 402 and
+404 of Jackson. Nonpregnant female No. 45061 captured on April 3 weighed
+7.0 grams; No. 45062 captured on April 4 contained one embryo 22 mm.
+long. It was common to see several bats of this species, not in a
+cluster but with a few inches of space between any one bat and its
+neighbors, on the vertical screens that covered the airways beneath the
+eaves of the buildings. A colony was established in Zetek House (a
+trail-end house on the western side of the Island), and several
+individuals often were seen in the Tower House. As many as 50
+individuals could be found at the Van Tyne Big Tree (_Bombacopsis
+Fendleri_) where they hung singly in the shaded inter-buttress spaces
+and on the exposed trunk sometimes up to a height of 100 feet.
+Occasionally several individuals would be seen in inter-buttress spaces
+of large trees on other parts of the Island. These bats were more alert
+during the daylight hours than were most other kinds of bats and could
+be approached and captured only with considerable difficulty. From the
+various colonies 13 females and 3 males were banded.
+
+Noctilio leporinus mexicanus Goldman.--Seen in Wheeler Estuary by Enders
+(_op. cit._:416) who uses the subspecific name _N. l. leporinus_.
+Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 79:121, May 29, 1942) later used
+the subspecific name _N. l. mexicanus_ for this species in Panama.
+
+Micronycteris megalotis microtis Miller.--Enders (_op. cit._:417)
+obtained specimens of this species from the underside of a fallen log
+and in a hollow tree at marker No. 23 on the Pearson Trail.
+
+Phyllostomus discolor discolor Wagner.--Taken from a hollow tree by
+Enders (_op. cit._:417).
+
+Glossophaga soricina leachii (Gray).--No. 45073, April 5.
+
+Carollia perspicillata azteca Saussure.--No. 400 of Jackson taken at
+Allee Creek and Barbara Lathrop Trail and No. 52456 (410 of Jackson) at
+Termite Cemetery. These two nonpregnant females weighed 14.7 and 17.7
+grams, respectively. Two ([Male] and [Female]), caught at Termite
+Cemetery were banded and released.
+
+Carollia castanea H. Allen.--Males, 45080 and 45081, weighed 11.8 and
+11.5 grams; at 9:30 P.M., on April 6, on Barbara Lathrop Trail.
+
+Vampyrops helleri Peters.--Male, No. 45095, in net on April 4; weighed
+15 grams.
+
+Vampyressa minuta Miller.--Lactating female, No. 45094, weighed 10.0
+grams. At 10:30 A.M. at the outer end of the Armour Trail, Young and
+Hall had barely paused to listen to animal sounds when they saw this bat
+alight on a breast-high twig of a bush beneath large trees in the gloom
+of the forest. Possibly it had been disturbed when the zoologists a few
+seconds before had pushed aside bushes that partly obstructed the trail.
+
+Vampyressa nymphaea Thomas.--Nonpregnant female No. 52455 (403 of
+Jackson) weighed 10.3 grams and was taken at the Termite Cemetery on May
+8. So far as we know, this specimen provides the first record of
+occurrence in North America of this species which previously had been
+recorded only from South America.
+
+Chiroderma isthmica Miller.--Male No. 45096, April 2; weighed 13.7
+grams.
+
+Vampyrodes major G.M. Allen.--Male No. 45085, weighed 33 grams. It and
+the one _Chiroderma isthmica_ on the morning of April 2 constituted the
+total catch found in the net stretched in the open clearing between two
+cabins.
+
+Artibeus lituratus palmarum J.A. Allen and Chapman.--Nonpregnant female
+No. 45086 taken on evening of April 7, weighed 68.0 grams. No. 401 of
+Jackson taken on May 6 weighed 53.5 grams and contained one embryo 12
+mm. long; his No. 409 taken on May 10 weighed 53.7 grams and contained
+one embryo 15 mm. long.
+
+Enders (_op. cit._:418) took specimens of _Artibeus jamaicensis
+jamaicensis_ in Panama and possibly on Barro Colorado Island; he is not
+specific as to locality.
+
+Artibeus cinereus watsoni Thomas.--Male No. 45087 on April 8; weight
+13.6 grams. Ingles (Jour. Mamm., 34:267, May, 1953) records the finding
+of as many as three of these bats on the Island in a "tent" that the
+bats had made of a frond of the palm, _Geonoma decurrens_.
+
+Thyroptera tricolor albigula G.M. Allen.--On May 10 along the
+Snyder-Molino Trail 50 meters from its beginning Dr. E.R. Dunn found in
+a curled _Heliaconia_ leaf a group of four bats of this species. A
+lactating female (No. 405 of Jackson), a young male (No. 406 of
+Jackson) attached to its mother's teat, and a male (No. 407 of Jackson,
+now 52457 K.U.) weighed, respectively, 4.8, 2.2, and 4.0 grams. The
+young one remained attached to the mother when she flew about the
+laboratory. The fourth specimen, a male, was banded and released. These
+bats with the aid of suction cups on their wrists and ankles hung head
+up in the rolled leaf and on places in the laboratory on which they
+alighted. This species was previously recorded (see Enders, _op.
+cit._:421) from Barro Colorado Island, on the basis of other specimens
+also captured by Professor Dunn.
+
+Myotis nigricans nigricans (Schinz).--Nos. 45089-45091 and No. 408 of
+Jackson. Nos. 45090 and 45091 were plucked from under the eaves of
+buildings, but No. 45089 was caught in the net on the evening of April
+5. Jackson found this species to roost between the corrugations of the
+metal roof and the underlying wooden supports. He banded 14 individuals,
+most of which were pulled with forceps from their resting places in the
+old laboratory or the kitchen. All were males. Five were recaptured from
+one to 13 days after banding, and two were found in the places from
+which they originally had been plucked 13 days previously. Enders (_op.
+cit._:421) found this species to be abundant about the laboratory where
+it spent the day hanging under the eaves.
+
+Molossus coibensis J.A. Allen.--Males Nos. 45092 and 45093 weighed 13.9
+and 10.0 grams. They were taken in the clearing on April 3 and 5. Enders
+(_op. cit._:421) found this bat under the eaves of the laboratory along
+with _Myotis nigricans_.
+
+      *      *      *      *      *
+
+On April 19, 1952, Dr. Harold Trapido kindly took Young, Dickenson,
+Hall, and Dr. and Mrs. E.R. Dunn to the Experimental Botanical Gardens
+at Summit in the Canal Zone where Nos. 45082-45084 of _Uroderma
+bilobatum_ Peters were saved. On the same date Doctor Trapido took the
+five of us also to Chilibrillo Cave in Panama 10 miles north of Pedro
+Miguel where specimens were saved as follows: _Saccopteryx bilineata_
+(Temminck), 45059 and 45060; _Phyllostomus hastatus panamensis_ J.A.
+Allen, 45063-45072; _Lonchophylla robusta_ Miller, 45074-45075;
+_Carollia perspicillata azteca_ Saussure, 45076-45079; _Natalus
+mexicanus saturabus_ Dalquest and Hall, 45088.
+
+_Transmitted July 20, 1953._
+
+25-264
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Seventeen Species of Bats Recorded
+from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, by E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SEVENTEEN SPECIES OF BATS ***
+
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