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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/28833-8.txt b/28833-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7384b16 --- /dev/null +++ b/28833-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2644 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 27, 1880, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Harper's Young People, April 27, 1880 + An Illustrated Weekly + +Author: Various + +Release Date: May 16, 2009 [EBook #28833] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 27, 1880 *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: HARPER'S + +YOUNG PEOPLE + +AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.] + + + * * * * * + +VOL. I.--NO. 26. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR +CENTS. + +Tuesday, April 27, 1880. Copyright, 1880, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 +per Year, in Advance. + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: SPANISH SAILORS IN A STORM.] + +[Begun in No. 19 of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, March 9.] + +ACROSS THE OCEAN; OR, A BOY'S FIRST VOYAGE. + +A True Story. + +BY J. O. DAVIDSON. + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +A "WHITE SQUALL." + +Hurrah for the Mediterranean! Hurrah for the tideless sea! with its +sunny skies and sparkling waters, blue and bright as ever, while English +moors and German forests are being buried in snow by a bitter January +storm! Well might one think that these handsome, olive-cheeked, +barefooted fellows in red caps and blue shirts, who cruise about this +"summer sea" in their trim little lateen-rigged fruit boats, must be the +happiest men alive. Yet there was once an English sailor who, plunging +into a raw Channel fog on his return from a twelvemonth's cruise in the +Mediterranean, rubbed his hands, and cried, gleefully, "Ah, this is what +_I_ calls weather! None o' yer lubberly blue skies _here_!" + +Frank, having seen for himself that the Straits of Gibraltar are +thirteen miles wide, instead of being (as he had always thought) no +broader than the East River, was prepared for surprises; but he could +not help staring a little when Herrick told him that this bright, +beautiful, glassy sea is at times one of the stormiest in the world, and +that many a good ship has gone down there like a bullet, "as you'll see +afore long, mayhap," added the old sailor, warningly. + +The sunset that evening, however, seemed to contradict him point-blank. +It was so magnificent that even the careless sailors, used as most of +them were to the glories of the Southern sky, stood still to admire it, +and pronounced it "the finest show they'd ever seen, by a long way." Not +a cloud above, not a ripple below; the steamer's track lay across the +glassy water like a broad belt of light. All was so calm, so clear, so +bright, that it was hard to tell where the sea ended and the sky began. +The ship seemed to be floating in the centre of a vast bubble. + +Suddenly the sun plunged below the horizon like a red-hot ball, and a +deep voice muttered in Frank's ear, + +"We're a-goin' to catch it!" + +At that moment, as if to bear out this gloomy prophecy, the boatswain's +hoarse call was heard: + +"Stand by topsail sheets and halyards! Man the down-hauls! Clear away, +and make all snug!" + +Instantly all was bustle and activity. While some stripped the yards and +clewed up the sails, others battened down the hatches, looked to the +lashings of the boats, and made everything fast. Still, though he +strained his eyes to the utmost, not the least sign of a storm could +Frank see, and at last he whispered to Herrick, + +"How _can_ they tell that it's going to be rough?" + +"The glass is falling, lad, and that's always enough for a sailor; but +there'll be more'n _that_ afore long. Ay, sure enough--see yonder!" + +A streak of pale phosphorescent mist had just appeared on the port bow, +which spread and spread till it blotted out sea and sky, and all was one +dim, impenetrable pall. From the far distance came a strange, ghostly +whisper, while the sea-birds, which had hitherto kept close to the +vessel, flew away with dismal shrieks. + +"Below there!" roared the boatswain. "Tumble up there, smart!" + +Up flew the men, each darting at once to his own post--and not an +instant too soon. A huge white cloud seemed to leap upward through the +inky sky like smoke from a cannon, a long line of foam glanced like a +lightning flash across the dark sea, and then came a rush and a roar, +and over went the ship on her beam ends, and every man on board was +blinded, deafened, and strangled, all in one moment, while crash +followed crash, as doors, sky-lights, and port-shutters were torn away +or dashed to atoms. + +Frank, who was just stepping out of one of the deck-houses when the +storm burst, was spun across the forecastle like a top, and would have +gone overboard had not a sailor clutched his arm, and pressed him down +on the deck by main force till the ship righted. + +"Lie snug, young 'un," said his rescuer, "for them 'white squalls' ain't +to be sneezed at, that's a fact. Look at my shirt." + +This was easier said than done, for honest Bill had no shirt left to +look at, except the collar and wristbands, all the rest having been torn +clean away. + +But as Austin glanced round him he saw other proofs of the wind's force +even more convincing than this. Two of the boats had been literally +smashed to pieces, the strong-iron davits that held them being twisted +like pin-wire. Down in the engine-room the flying open of the furnace +doors had flooded the whole room with blazing coal, and four of the +tubes had burst at once, scalding several firemen so severely that they +had to be carried to the surgeon forthwith. + +Suddenly a cry for help was heard from the wheel-house. Three or four +brave fellows rushed across the reeling deck at the risk of their lives, +and tearing open the door, found one quartermaster lying senseless and +bleeding in a corner, while the other, with a broken arm, was actually +keeping the wheel steady with _the remaining hand and his knee_, which +he had thrust between the spokes! + +But the stout-hearted crew, not a whit daunted, coolly set about +repairing damages. The injured men were carried below, the decks cleared +of the fragments of wreck, and the coals drawn from the furnaces, into +which the firemen, swathed in wet blankets, crept by turns along a plank +(relieving one another as the stifling heat overpowered them) to close +the flues again by hammering strong wooden plugs into the leaks. + +By twelve o'clock the gale was at its height. Even with four men at the +wheel, the _Arizona_ could barely hold her own against the tremendous +seas that came thundering upon her like falling rocks, and old Herrick +himself began to look grave. + +"Get out a drag!" shouted the officer of the watch. + +The boatswain repeated the order, to the no small amazement of our hero, +who, having always associated a drag with the wheel of a coach, was +puzzled to imagine how it could be applied to a ship. + +But he was not long in finding out. Pieces of timber from the broken +boats, worn out sails, old iron, and various odds and ends were hastily +gathered into a heap, lashed together with chains, and launched +overboard, with two strong hawsers attached. The chains and pieces of +iron made the buoyant mass sink just deep enough, to steady the vessel, +and keep her head up to the wind, which toward night-fall began to show +signs of abating. + +Just before darkness set in, a Spanish bark crossed their bows. The +storm had left its mark on her upper spars, which were terribly +shattered; but the crew, instead of clearing away the wreck, were +groaning and praying around a little doll-like image of the Virgin, +while their officers vainly urged them to return to their duty. + +"Skulkin' lubbers!" growled old Herrick; "they should git what that +feller in the song got. D'ye mind it, Frank, my boy? + + "'The boatswain he rope's-ended him, and "Now," says he, "just work! + I read my Bible often, but it don't tell men to _shirk_; + The pumps they are not choked as yet, so let us not despair: + When all is up, or when we're saved, we'll join with you in prayer."'" + +The next morning they sighted the craggy islet of Zembra, which Jack +Dewey, the wit of the forecastle, said should be called "Zebra," for its +cliffs were curiously veined with stripes of blue, red, and black, as +regular as if painted with a brush. A few hours later appeared the +larger island of Partellaria, standing boldly up from the sea in one +great mass of cloud-capped mountain, with the trim white houses of the +little toy town scattered along its base like a game of dominoes. + +By sunset that evening the gale seemed to have fairly blown itself out. +But now came another enemy almost as dangerous. A little after midnight +the ship was hemmed in by a perfect wall of fog, through which neither +moon nor star was to be seen; and all that could be done was to set the +bells and fog-horns to work, making an uproar worthy of a Chinese +concert. + +About three in the morning came a faint answering chime of church bells; +and the _Arizona_, "porting" her helm, kept circling about the same spot +for two hours more ("playin' circus," as Jack Dewey said), till the +morning breeze suddenly parted the fog, displaying to Frank's eager eyes +the rocky shores of Malta, and the entrance of Valetta Harbor. + +"There's _one_ thing here as you're bound to see, lad," said Herrick, +"and that's a sort o' under-ground tunnel, like ever so many streets +buried alive, and pitch-dark every one of 'em. They calls it the +Cat-and-Combs [Catacombs]. I never could tell why, for it ain't got +nothin' to do with combs, nor yet with cats neither. But you've got to +take guides and lights with yer, and stick mighty close to 'em, or ye're +a gone 'coon. Guess _I_ ought to know that!" + +"Why, did _you_ ever get lost there?" + +"That's jist what I did, sonny, though I can't think how; but, anyway, +there I was, all to once, right away from the rest, and all alone in the +dark. I tried to holler, but my throat was so dry with the dust and what +not that I made no more noise nor a frog with a sore throat. 'Twarn't +pleasant neither, I can tell ye, to feel my feet kickin' agin skulls and +bones in the dark, and to think how _my_ bones 'ud be added to the +collection 'fore long, when the rats had picked 'em clean. At last I +concluded that I'd jist make matters worse by steerin' at hap-hazard, +and that my best way was to anchor, and wait for the rest o' the convoy. + +"Jist then I spied _two eyes_ a-shinin' in the darkness, and 'fore I +could say 'Knife,' slap came somethin' right in my face, givin' me sich +a start that I jumped five ways at once. But by the soft, furry feel, I +guessed what 'twas; so I sang out, 'Puss! puss!' and the thing came +rubbin' agin my feet, and what should it be but a stray cat! Thinks I, +'Here's somethin' to keep off the rats, anyhow!' and I sat down in a +corner, and took the cat in my lap, and, if you'll b'lieve me, off I +went sound asleep! Fust thing I knew after that, all my mates was around +me agin, laughin' like anythin' to find me nussin' a cat that way. But I +wouldn't go that job over agin, not to be made a Cap'n!" + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +SOMETHING ABOUT FANS. + + +Kan Si was the first lady who carried a fan. She lived in ages which are +past, and for the most part forgotten, and she was the daughter of a +Chinese Mandarin. Who ever saw a Mandarin, even on a tea-chest, without +his fan? In China and Japan to this day every one has a fan; and there +are fans of all sorts for everybody. The Japanese waves his fan at you +when he meets you, by way of greeting, and the beggar who solicits for +alms has the exceedingly small coin "made on purpose" for charity +presented to him on the tip of the fan. + +In ancient times, amongst the Greeks and Romans, fans seem to have been +enormous; they were generally made of feathers, and carried by slaves +over the heads of their masters and mistresses, to protect them from the +sun, or waved about before them to stir the air. + +Catherine de Medicis carried the first folding fan ever seen in France; +and in the time of Louis the Fourteenth the fan was a gorgeous thing, +often covered with jewels, and worth a small fortune. In England they +were the fashion in the time of Henry the Eighth. All his many wives +carried them, and doubtless wept behind them. A fan set in diamonds was +once given to Queen Elizabeth upon New-Year's Day. + +The Mexican feather fans which Cortez had from Montezuma were marvels of +beauty; and in Spain a large black fan is the favorite. It is said that +the use of the fan is as carefully taught in that country as any other +branch of education, and that by a well-known code of signals a Spanish +lady can carry on a long conversation with any one, especially an +admirer. + +The Japanese criminal of rank is politely executed by means of a fan. On +being sentenced to death he is presented with a fan, which he must +receive with a low bow, and as he bows, _presto_! the executioner draws +his sword, and cuts his head off. In fact, there is a fan for every +occasion in Japan. + + + + +THE BOYS' SCHOOLS OF ENGLAND. + +BY AMELIA E. BARR. + + +I suppose there are few boys who have not heard of Westminster Abbey, +and who do not know that within its ancient and splendid walls the Kings +of England are crowned, and the great, the wise, and the brave of every +age are buried. But few, perhaps, are aware that the Abbey also contains +the oldest and one of the most famous boys' schools in the world. It is +true that the statutes of the school, as they now exist, are of a less +remote date than those of Eton and Winchester schools--being framed by +Henry the Eighth and Elizabeth--but they no more represent the origin of +Westminster School than the Reformation represents the origin of the +English Church. + +Westminster Abbey was built by Edward the Confessor, and the Master of +the Novices sitting with his disciples in the western cloister was the +beginning of Westminster School. It was, without doubt, this school that +Ingulphus--the writer of a famous chronicle (A.D. 1043-1051)--attended; +for he tells us that Queen Edith often met him coming from school, and +questioned him about his grammar and logic, and always gave him three or +four pieces of money, and then sent him to the royal larder to refresh +himself--two forms of kindness that a school-boy never forgets. +Ingulphus afterward became the secretary of William the Conqueror. In +his day there was no glazing to this cloister, and the rain, wind, and +snow must have swept pitilessly over the novices turning and spelling +out their manuscripts. They had, indeed, a carpet of hay or rushes, and +mats were laid on the stone benches, but it must have been a bitterly +cold school-room in winter. + +At the Reformation, Henry the Eighth drew up new plans for Westminster +School, and Elizabeth perfected the statutes by which the school is +still governed. It was to consist of forty boys, who were to be chosen +for their "good disposition, knowledge, and poverty, and without favor +or partiality"; and even at the present day there is no admission as a +"Queen's Scholar" at Westminster except by long and arduous competition +between the candidates for the honor. + +No one who has witnessed the mode of election will ever forget it. The +candidates are arranged according to their places in the school, and the +_lowest two boys_ first enter the arena. The lower of these two is the +challenger. He calls upon his adversary to translate an epigram, to +parse it, or to answer any grammatical question connected with the +subject. Demand after demand is made, until there is an error. The +Master is appealed to, and answers, "It was a mistake." Then the +challenger and the challenged change places, and the latter, with fierce +eagerness, renews the contest. Whichever of the two is the conqueror, +flushed with victory, then turns to the boy above him, and if he be a +really clever lad, he will sometimes advance ten, fifteen, or twenty +steps before he is stopped by a greater spirit. This struggle--which is +peculiar to Westminster, and highly prized by its scholars--frequently +extends over six or eight weeks, and the ten who are highest at its +close are elected "Queen's Scholars," in place of those advanced that +year from Westminster to Oxford or Cambridge. + +This mental tournament is a very ancient custom, for Stow says that the +Westminster scholars annually stood under a great tree in St. +Bartholomew's Church yard, and entering the lists of grammar, +chivalrously asserted the intellectual superiority of Westminster +against all comers; and Stow, as you very likely know, died about A.D. +1600. There is, therefore, as you may see, a very great honor in being a +"Queen's Scholar"; besides which, the prizes to be divided among them +are very valuable. These consist of three junior studentships of Christ +Church, Oxford, tenable for seven years, and worth about £120 a year; +Dr. Carey's Benefaction, which divides £600 a year among the most needy +and industrious of the scholars in sums of not less than £50, and not +more than £100; and three exhibitions at Trinity College, Cambridge, of +yearly value about £87, tenable until the holder has taken his Bachelor +of Arts degree. The Queen's Scholars are partially maintained by the +school; but all other boys, of which the average number is about one +hundred and fifty, pay very handsomely for their education. + +[Illustration: A VIEW OF WESTMINSTER.] + +The government of this school is an absolute monarchy in the hands of +the Head-Master, though the Dean and Chapter of Westminster can exercise +a certain control of the Queen's Scholars, and the reigning sovereign of +England is by the statutes Visitor of the School. In 1846 the father of +one of the Queen's Scholars complained to her Majesty that his boy had +been cruelly treated by three of the other scholars, and she ordered an +immediate trial, and punishment of the guilty parties. + +Westminster, from its earliest records, has been famous for its Masters. +Before the great Camden--the Pausanias of England--were Alexander +Nowell, Nicholas Udall, and Thomas Browne. Nowell was Master in Queen +Mary's reign, and Bonner intending to burn him, he fled for his life. On +Elizabeth's accession he again became Master, and was also one of +Elizabeth's preachers, and reproved her so plainly that on one occasion +she bade him "return to his text." You know, boys, it is so easy and so +natural for school-masters to tell people when they are wrong, and the +Masters of Westminster have been noted for the habit. + +Dr. Busby's name is forever associated with Westminster, and he ruled +the school with his terrible birch rod for upward of fifty-seven years. +"My rod is my sieve," he said, "and who can not pass through it is no +boy for me." So many able boys, however, passed through it, that he +could point to the Bench of Bishops, and boast that sixteen of the +spiritual lords sitting there at one time had been educated by him. The +height to which he carried discipline is exemplified by his accompanying +King Charles through the school-room _with his hat on_, because "he +would not have his boys think there was any man in England greater than +himself." Dryden was one of Busby's scholars, and received from the +great Master many a severe flogging, yet Dryden always spoke of Dr. +Busby with the greatest reverence. Flogging is now only administered on +very grave occasions, by the Head-Master, and in the presence of a third +party, who must be one of the boys. + +In Dr. Busby's time the upper and lower schools were divided by a +curtain, about which there is a remarkable story. A boy, having torn +this curtain, was saved from one of Busby's terrible floggings by his +school-mate assuming the fault, and bearing the rod in his place. This +brave lad in the civil war took the King's side, became implicated in a +futile rising, and was condemned to death at Exeter. But his judge +happened to be the very boy whose place he had taken under Busby's rod, +and he was not unmindful of the favor, for he hastened to London, and +begged from Cromwell his friend's life. If you will get No. 313 of the +_Spectator_, you can read the whole story, and it is a very beautiful as +well as truthful one. + +[Illustration: THE SCHOOL-ROOM.] + +The school-room at Westminster is one of the most interesting rooms in +the world. It was the dormitory of the old monks; and when I saw it, +thirty years ago, its walls were quite covered with the names of boys +who had studied there, and who had cut with their penknives these rude +autographs. Many of the names have since become famous all over the +world, and will never be forgotten. At that time "John Dryden" was deep +and plain in the solid bench where he cut it, for not one of all the +thousands of Westminster boys who have sat in his place since have been +mean or thoughtless enough to deface it. + +The dormitory of the Queen's Scholars stands where the granary of the +monks stood, and is a chamber one hundred and sixty-one feet long by +twenty-five broad. It is interesting because it is the theatre where for +centuries the "Westminster Play" has been acted. This "play" was +expressly ordered by Queen Elizabeth for "her boys," and those of +Terence were chosen by her. In 1847 there was a movement to abolish the +"Westminster Play," but a memorial, signed by more than six hundred old +Westminsters, pleaded for its continuance, and it is still one of the +great features of a London Christmas. + +Westminster is pre-eminently a classical school, but no school has a +longer or more splendid list of great scholars. Of Church dignitaries it +counts nine Archbishops and more than sixty Bishops: among the latter +Trelawney, Francis Atterbury (the friend of Pope, Swift, and Gay), Isaac +Barrow, and the witty, loyal Dr. South, who, when but an Upper Boy at +Westminster, dared to read the prayer for Charles the First an hour +before he was beheaded. Still more famous was Prideaux, the great +Oriental and Hebrew scholar, and the wise Dr. Goodenough, whose sermons +before the House of Lords elicited the lively epigram from some +Westminster boy, + + "'Twas well enough that Goodenough before the Lords should preach, + For sure enough that bad enough were those he had to teach." + +Among famous lawyers, Westminster educated Lane, the eloquent defender +of Strafford; Glynne, the great Commonwealth lawyer; the Earl of +Mansfield, the pride of Westminster School, and the glory of Westminster +Hall, Lord Chief Justice of England for more than thirty years; and the +late Sir David Dundas. Among statesmen, Westminster counts the younger +Vane, whom Milton so nobly eulogizes, as + + "young in years, but in sage counsel old, + Than whom no better senator e'er held + The Roman helm"; + +Halifax, the accomplished "Trimmer" of the Revolution, about whom you +must consult Macaulay; Warren Hastings; Sir Francis Burdett; Sir James +Graham; and John, Earl Russell. + +Among warriors, five of the seven officers not of royal blood who rose +to the rank of Field-Marshal between 1810 and 1856 were Westminster +boys, and one of these five was Lord Raglan. + +Her list of literary sons is so long that I can only name a few of the +best-known names--Rare Ben Jonson, Cowley, George Herbert, John Dryden, +Christopher Wren, John Locke, the two Colmans, Richard Cumberland, +Cowper, Gibbon, and the all-accomplished Robert Southey. + +The chief amusement of Westminster boys is boating; for which the +proximity of the Thames affords great advantages; also cricket, racket, +quoits, sparring, foot-races, leaping, and single-stick. The school has +always been noted, also, for the strong bond of fraternity uniting the +boys: to the end of life Westminster boys acknowledge this tie, and in +many a national crisis it has been, "All Westminsters together!" + + + + +THE LOST CHECK. + +BY MRS. W. J. HAYS. + + +"I have hunted high and low for that check, Sam, and I can not find it." + +"I thought it was careless, when I saw you parading it about here." + +"Well, you see, I felt rich. Father never sent me such a lot of money +before." + +"It was your birthday, wasn't it?" + +"Yes, and the governor came down handsomely. He knows I am saving up for +a trip to the Adirondacks. Well, if it is gone, it is gone." + +"It could not go without hands; but I hope it will turn up yet. In +future you had better put such documents in a safe place." + +Will Benson heard this conversation between two fellow-clerks in the +warehouse where he also was employed, and it troubled him much. He was a +young fellow about fifteen or thereabouts, but so steady and reliable a +youth that already many matters of importance were intrusted to him. He +had seen Charlie Graham nourishing a check about, and had heard him +talking very largely of his plans, etc. He had also seen the valuable +bit of paper lying about, and had asked Charlie to pocket it; but he had +also seen some one else do that in a very quiet way, and it had so +peculiarly affected him that when Charlie asked him about it, he had +colored up violently, and was so confused, that had Charlie been of a +suspicious nature, he would have had good reason to suppose that Will +knew more about the affair than he cared to tell--which was the truth. +But Charlie was neither suspicious nor careful, and, in addition to +leaving the paper about, he had also indorsed it. + +[Illustration: WILL CONSIDERS THE SITUATION.] + +Will listened to the inquiries and the comments in silence, not knowing +what to say. Had he been very impulsive, he would have come out +instantly with his suspicions; but he had a habit of reflection, and was +inclined to consider before acting or speaking. At this moment, however, +his thoughts were confused, and finding that his writing was suffering +in consequence, he thrust his pen behind his ear, and sat down on a box +at the office door to see if he could not think himself out of his +difficulty. + +He was quite sure that a theft had been committed, and that he had +witnessed it. What should he do?--tell Charlie Graham, have the man +arrested and sent to prison, as he deserved, or keep the matter quiet, +wait, and see how the thing would turn out? + +As he sat there in the soft spring morning a little bird perched itself +on a budding bough, and began to chirp. As it turned its head from side +to side, and peeped coyly at him, it reminded him, by one of those +unconscious flights of association, of another bird, which hung in a +gilded cage very near the couch of his invalid mother. He could see the +little warbler doing his best to entertain the weary moments of one who +seldom heard the wild birds, or set her foot in the woods. He could also +see the soft draperies about the window, the climbing ivy and growing +ferns, and the much-used books and work-table, and from all these homely +but precious belongings came uppermost the sweet smile of affection, the +placid face which, in spite of age and sorrow and suffering, had always +so tender a beauty for him. Quickly he turned back to his desk, and +wrote a long letter to his mother. She would set him aright, she would +solve his difficulty. Happy the boy who has such a mother! + +Of course he had to wait some time for the answer, and the waiting was +tedious. Charlie gave up the check as lost, and said no more about it, +and Will took so great an aversion to the porter, who he was sure was +the thief, that he hated to come in contact with him. But the mother's +letter was worth waiting for, and Will acted on its advice. + +Late one afternoon he wended his way to the narrow street where lived +Grimes, the porter. It was a noisome locality. Will could not help +thinking what a contrast it was to the quiet, clean town where he was +born, and where his mother still lived! These dirty, narrow, crowded +city slums, what wonder that all sorts of crime are born in them! + +He found the house, and through the dark wretched stairway at last came +to a door, at which he knocked. + +"Come in," was the response. + +He entered, stumbling over heaps of unwashed clothing. Two or three +forlorn-looking children were eating at a wretchedly uninviting table in +the midst of these surroundings. A feeble-looking woman was on a bed. + +"Is Grimes at home?" asked Will. + +"No, sir, he's not; and I beg pardon for letting you come in. My washing +was half done when I was took down with a turn, and Grimes is looking +now for some one to do what I am unable to do." + +"Will he soon be in, do you think?" + +"Yes, sir; have a chair; he'll be in presently." + +"I will wait outside," said Will, glad of the excuse to get out. He +waited in the dim light of a dirty window outside, and wished he had +about a gallon of Cologne water at hand. Soon Grimes came, looking tired +and cross. When he saw Will he grew pale, but asked him, in a smothered +voice, what he wanted. + +"I have come to speak about that check of Charlie Graham's," said Will. + +Grimes grew red and angry, swore roundly that he knew nothing of it, and +threatened to pitch Will down stairs. + +Will very firmly replied that he had seen Grimes take it, and that +unless he was willing to make reparation, his employers would have to be +told of it. + +At this the man wavered a little, but still stoutly denied the theft. At +this moment the door, which was ajar, was pushed wider open, and the +woman's head came peering out; then the children followed, but they were +speedily sent down into the street. + +Grimes retreated into the room; Will followed, not without some tremors, +but that letter of his mother's was in his pocket. + +"Sure and are ye found out?" said the woman, impetuously. "Didn't I tell +you so? didn't I say no good could come of stalin', Grimes, my man?" + +Grimes tried to hush her, but she would not listen to him. She had drawn +a shawl about her, and was the picture of woe, with her pale face, her +unkempt hair, and her glittering eyes. She took Will by the hand. "As +you are a gintleman, and the son of a lady, have mercy on Grimes. If +it's the bit of paper ye want, I have it; here it is;" and she drew it +from the folds of her dress. "I knew no good could come of it, and I +would not let him use it, miserable as we are. But spare him, and God +will bless you." + +"I have no wish to injure him," said Will, "and my mother thinks if this +is a first offense, and he is at all sorry, I had better not make his +dishonesty known." + +Grimes was hanging his head in sullen silence, but at this he raised it +eagerly. "Never in my life before have I taken anything--but you see our +misery. I thought she would be the better for something this money could +buy." + +"Hush!" said the woman. "I might better die than live by stalin'. You +will forgive him, misther; I know you will; I see it in your kind eyes." + +Will promised silence, except to Charlie Graham, to whom he should be +obliged to reveal the theft, as well as to make restitution; and gladly +turned away from this scene of misery. + +Charlie and he had a long talk that night. They concluded to abide by +Mrs. Benson's advice. + +"It was very wrong as well as silly for me to leave that check where it +could tempt a poor fellow; and if it wasn't for the Adirondacks I'd send +the whole amount to Mrs. Grimes," said Charlie, generously. + +"No, that would not be wise," said Will; "but I tell you what, let's +club together and send her some decent food and clothing." + +Their kindness was not thrown away. Grimes never repeated the +wrong-doing. With better times came better health and strength for his +wife, and when Will went home for a holiday he took to his mother a bit +of Irish lace, which Mrs. Grimes had begged him to carry to her. + + + + +A CHEAP CANOE. + +BY W. P. S. + + +The labor and ingenuity expended in one season by a boy who has any +taste for the water in building rafts, and converting tubs and +packing-boxes into sea-going vessels, would, if well directed, build a +good-sized ship; but, from lack of knowledge and system, the results of +such attempts are generally failures. + +After some experience with rafts that _would_ sink, scows that _would_ +leak, and other craft that showed a strong preference for floating with +keels in the air, we found in the canvas canoe a boat at once handsome, +speedy, and safe, and capable of a great variety of uses, while the +small cost and easy construction place it within reach of all young +ship-builders. + +To produce a good canvas boat care and patience are more necessary than +great skill with tools, though it is supposed that the young mechanic +can use his rule correctly, saw to a line, and plane an edge reasonably +straight. + +The first proceeding in any building operation, after the plans are +decided on, is to make out a "bill of materials" and an "estimate," and +ours will read as follows: + + Keel, oak, 1 in. square, by 15 ft. } + long. } Sawed from an oak + 10 rib-bands, oak, 1 x 1/4 in., by } board 15 ft. X 6 + 15 ft. long } in. = 7-1/2 ft. @ 5c. + 2 gunwales, oak, 1 x 3/4 in., by } + 15 ft. long } $0.38 + Keelson, 3 x 1 in., 10 ft. long. } 10 in. pine board + Bow, stern, coaming, and ridge pieces. } .35 + Moulds. } 2 pine boards 12 x 1/2 in., 13 ft. + Floor boards, } long = 26 ft.,@ 3c. .78 + Paddle, 1-1/4 in. spruce plank, 6-1/2 in. X 13 ft. .25 + Canvas, 5 yds., 40 in., @ 45c. 2.25 + Canvas deck, 5 yds., 28 in., @ 25c. 1.25 + 1 package 1 in. No. 7 iron screws. .30 + Tacks, nails, and screws. .50 + Rubber cloth for apron. .50 + Sawing moulds and paddle. .50 + Paint. 1.00 + ----- + $8.06 + +Having all our material ready, it will be best to mark out the different +pieces, and have them all sawed at once by a steam-saw. + +Beginning with the bow and stern, we will lay off on one corner of the +ten-inch board a line two feet long, representing the dotted line +_c_ _d_ in Fig. 1. + +A line is drawn half an inch from the edge from the point 11 to 12, +making a notch for the end of the keelson; and the two feet are divided +into four parts, and perpendiculars drawn at each point. + +Now measure off on the line _a_ _d_ nine and a half inches, giving the +point _a_; on the others three and a quarter inches, an inch, and a +quarter of an inch; then draw a line from _a_ to _c_ through all these +points. + +The shape of the inner line is not important, so it may be drawn by eye, +making it thick enough for strength. + +As the bow and stern are alike, two of these pieces are needed. + +The keelson must be cut from the same board, being three inches wide at +the centre, tapering to one inch at the ends. + +To obtain the shapes of the moulds or sections we must enlarge Fig. 4 +four times to its full size. + +The horizontal lines in the drawing are one-fourth of an inch apart, so +in our large drawing they will be one inch; then taking the line marked +2 (Nos. 1 and 13 require no moulds), we find the distance of the point +_g_ to be one and seven-sixteenths inches from the centre line, so we +make it four times as much, or five and three-fourths inches, and +continue with the other points until we have enough to determine the +line pretty closely, after which we join them with the line _g_ _h_, +giving the shape of one-half of our first mould. + +The lines on the right represent the half sections in the fore end of +the boat, and those on the left the after end. + +When all are drawn, they should be transferred to the half-inch board, +each mould, however, being a whole and not a half section. + +The outline of the paddle being drawn also, all may be taken to a +saw-mill and sawn out, or else they may be sawn by hand with a +compass-saw. + +Having all cut out, we will first screw the bow and stern to the +keelson, and secure the three pieces on a plank set upright, the upper +edge being curved to fit the keelson, which is a little rockered. + +Moulds Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are next notched to fit the +varying widths of the keelson, the first and last also fitting over the +bow and stern; then they are put in place, and the gunwales notched into +them, and also into the bow and stern. + +The moulds for Nos. 6, 7, and 8 are sawn from three-quarter-inch oak or +ash, each being in two pieces. The inner edge of No. 6 is shown by the +dotted line K C, Fig. 4, and of Nos. 7 and 8 by _m_ _b_. They are put in +place the same as the others. + +Now the rib-bands are planed off and tacked in place, being spaced +amidships as shown in Fig. 4; then the points where they cross the bow +and stern and all the moulds are marked, and notches one inch by +one-fourth of an inch cut to receive them, the edges of the bow and +stern being tapered off at the same time to half an inch; then all the +parts are placed in position again, and fastened with one-inch screws, +except where the keelson joins the bow, stern, and moulds, where one +inch and a half screws are used. Each screw is dipped in white lead +before inserting, and the head afterward puttied over. + +The highest point of the deck is at No. 6, where a deck beam is placed, +the shape of it and of the deck at No. 9 being shown in Fig. 4. + +The other moulds may be easily shaped by using these as guides; then +pieces two inches wide and three-fourths of an inch thick are notched +into each mould, down the centre of the deck, from No. 6 to the bow, and +from No. 9 to the stern, making a ridge over which the canvas is +stretched. + +A piece of one-inch pine is next set in between Nos. 9 and 6, and +screwed to each, as well as to Nos. 7 and 8 and the gunwales, and +forming the sides of the well. + +The frame is now carefully smoothed off, and painted with two coats; +then a floor of half-inch pine is screwed to moulds Nos. 6, 7, and 8. + +The canvas, forty inches wide, is first oiled, and then laid on the +frame-work, and tacked along the centre of the keelson from No. 2 to No. +12; then it is tacked lightly to the gunwales; then cut to fit the +curved bow and stern, and tacked, the edges overlapping half an inch, +after which it is stretched tightly over the gunwales, and tacked on the +_inside_. + +The deck is of drilling, twenty-eight inches wide, tacked around the +gunwale (a half-round head being screwed over the joint), and turned up +and tacked around the coaming, which is of three-eighth inch pine, +rising an inch and a half above the deck, and screwed to the side +pieces, mould No. 9, and the deck beam at No. 6. + +The keel is of straight-grained oak, one inch deep from No. 3 to No. 11, +tapering to one-half by three-eighths of an inch at the ends, and may be +soaked in hot water before bending. When cold, it is screwed to the +keelson and the bow and stern, the canvas under it being painted. + +The stretcher for the feet rests against a strip nailed to the floors, +and a small block on each gunwale. + +A half-inch hole is bored in bow and stern for the painter. + +The paddle is seven feet long, six and a half inches wide, and +three-sixteenths of an inch thick at the edges; the handle being an inch +and a quarter in diameter at the middle, tapering to seven-eighths where +it joins the blades. A rubber ring is slipped over each end to prevent +the water running down. In using, it is grasped about seven inches on +each side of the centre, keeping the hands about the width of the body +apart. The stroke should be as long and steady as possible. + +It will be found at first that the boat will rock from side to side in +paddling, and the paddle will throw some spray; but both these faults +disappear with practice, and the boat should be perfectly steady at any +speed. A slight twist as the paddle leaves the water, hard to describe, +but easily found on trial, shakes off all drip. + +For an apron, a strip of pine one-quarter by one and a half inches is +fastened to each side of the well by brass straps hooking over the +coaming, shown in Fig. 6. + +A piece of rubber cloth is gored to fit around the body, and is tacked +to each side piece, a rubber cord fastened to each strip, and running +around the front of the well, serving to keep it down, and the after +ends being tucked in between the backboard and the body, all falling off +in an upset. + +The backboard, Fig. 5, is seventeen inches long, the strips being two +and one-fourth inches wide, and the same distance apart; it swings on +the coaming at the back of the well. + +Two coats of paint should be put on, and the paddle varnished. + +A deck of half-inch pine, laid from No. 9 to No. 10, under the canvas, +allows the canoeist to sit on deck sometimes in paddling. + +In entering the boat, step in the centre (facing the bow), and, with a +hand on each gunwale, drop into the seat. + +When not in use the canoe should be sponged out and stored on shore. + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration: WORKING PLANS FOR A CANVAS CANOE.--[SEE PAGES 350 AND +351.]] + + + + +MAHMOUD THE SYCE. + +BY SARA KEABLES HUNT. + + +[Illustration: THE SYCE ON DUTY.] + +One of the most novel and interesting sights which attracts the +traveller's attention when he first arrives in Egypt is the syce running +before the horses as they go through the narrow, closely packed streets. +How the crowd scatters, and the donkey-boys hustle their meek property +out of the way as one of those runners comes bounding along, shouting, +in the strange Arabic tongue, "Clear the way!" The sun shines upon his +velvet vest, glittering with its spangled trimmings, the breeze fills +the large floating sleeves till they wave backward like white wings. +Then on dash the spirited horses, dogs bark, children squeal, beggars +dodge, men swear, and women, holding their face-veil closer, ejaculate +fiercely. + +On springs the syce; what cares he for man or beast? while proudly +following rolls the rich equipage, or prances the Arab steed with its +turbaned rider and Oriental robes. + +Mahmoud, the subject of this little sketch, was the syce of a rich Pasha +in Cairo; he was a favorite with his master, and everybody loved +him--even the horses would neigh joyfully at his approach, and eat from +his hand as gently as a dog. His life was an easy one, for, being a +favorite, no arduous duties were placed upon him, and his strength was +encouraged and sustained by the master for the swift running which +commands so much admiration. So agile did he become, that no name among +the syce of Egypt was more renowned than that of Mahmoud. Often at the +latticed windows bright eyes of hidden beauties followed him through the +narrow streets, and watched for his coming as he led the way for his +master each morning in his rides. Sometimes they threaded their way +through the crowded bazars amid scenes of the _Arabian Nights_, +breathing wonderful Eastern perfumes, gazing on rare gems and exquisite +embroideries; and again, down the road to the Pyramids, with the soft +air blowing in his face, trees waving overhead, and birds singing +merrily; or, in the blood-red sunset, passing down the Choubra Road, the +fashionable drive of Cairo, with its shade of gnarled old sycamores, and +crowded with conveyances of every description. Sometimes he led the way +for the harem carriage, very proud of the honor. + +One morning the Pasha sat in his garden under the blossoming +orange-tree, smoking his chibouque, and talking with his friend the Bey +from Alexandria, whose horse stood in the path champing impatiently at +his bit, and held by his syce, Abdullah, in his gay costume. They talked +of politics, the condition of the country, its financial troubles; they +spoke of their religion and their mosque, of the Suez Canal, the +improvements of the city, the Khedive's new palace, their own +dwelling-places. By-and-by the conversation ran upon their horses and +their favorite syce. + +"Abdullah can outrun them all," said the Bey. + +"Not so," replied the Pasha; "my Mahmoud is the finest runner in +Cairo--ay, in all Egpyt." + +"Sayest thou so?" cried the Bey. "Come and let us test their skill." + +"Most surely," answered the Pasha, "and I will give a prize to the boy +who wins." + +The news soon spread over Cairo that Mahmoud and Abdullah were to run a +race, the winner to receive a costly girdle of rich embroidery, finished +with a clasp set with gems. Great was the interest, and on the day +appointed crowds assembled to see the race, gathering long before the +competitors appeared. + +What a motley group there was! Camels with their riders, stylish +carriages with pretty French children, rosy-cheeked English girls, +Italian singers, American officers and tourists, English lords, wild +desert Arabs, swarthy-faced fellaheen, pistachio and pea-nut dealers, +donkey-boys, beggars, and peddlers. A Turkish band played a quick +reveille. Here they come! The crowd cheers--the signal is given--they +are off! The general sympathy is with Mahmoud, but Abdullah is a strong +fellow, of tremendous muscle, more experience, and mighty will, so that +little Mahmoud has a rival of no mean powers. + +Every eye is fixed upon those two figures, side by side, leaping onward +in graceful bounds. Forward they fly, past the cotton field, around the +curved path; but look!-- Abdullah is ahead; Mahmoud seems far behind. +The band plays quicker. Abdullah is flying; he will win; he-- But no; +Mahmoud is gaining; he nears his rival. Abdullah sees and strains every +nerve, but in vain. Mahmoud swings his light wand over his head, and +shoots by like an arrow. It is over; the goal is reached. Mahmoud has +won, and amid the loud cheers of the crowd the Pasha descends from his +carriage, and places the glittering sash around the victor's waist. +Abdullah approaches, gives his successful rival a hearty salam, which +awakens fresh applause. Somebody scatters a shower of gold coins over +them, and the crowd disperses. + + + + +[_By special arrangement with the author, the cards contributed to this +useful series, by W. J. ROLFE, A.M., formerly Head-Master of the +Cambridge High School, will, for the present, first appear in HARPER'S +YOUNG PEOPLE._] + +CAMBRIDGE SERIES + +OF + +INFORMATION CARDS FOR SCHOOLS. + + +The English Language. + +BY + +W. J. ROLFE, A.M. + +The inscription on the Soldiers' Monument in Boston, written by the +President of Harvard College, has been much admired. It reads thus: + + TO THE MEN OF BOSTON + WHO DIED FOR THEIR COUNTRY + ON LAND AND SEA IN THE WAR + WHICH KEPT THE UNION WHOLE + DESTROYED SLAVERY + AND MAINTAINED THE CONSTITUTION + THE GRATEFUL CITY + HAS BUILT THIS MONUMENT + THAT THEIR EXAMPLE MAY SPEAK + TO COMING GENERATIONS + +What is to be said is here said in the simplest way. There is no waste +of words, no attempt at display. It is a model of good English, brief, +clear, and strong. If a school-boy had written it, he would have thought +it a fine chance for using big words. He would have said, "The citizens +of Boston who sacrificed their lives," not "the men who died"; and +"preserved the integrity of the Union," not "kept the Union whole"; and +"erected," not "built." And some men who have written much in newspapers +and books would have made the same mistake of choosing long words where +short ones give the sense as well or better. + +A great preacher once said that he made it a rule never to use a word of +three or two syllables when a word of two syllables or one syllable +would convey the thought as well; and the rule is a good one. In reading +we want to get at the sense through the words; and the less power the +mind has to spend on the words, the more it has left for the thought +that lies behind them. Here the simple words that we have known and used +from childhood are the ones that hinder us least. We see through them at +once, and the thought is ours with the least possible labor. + +Those who urge the use of simple English often lay stress on choosing +"Saxon" rather than "Classical" words, and it is well to know what this +means. + +The English is a mixed language, made up from various sources. Its +history is the history of the English race, and the main facts are +these: + +Britain was first peopled, so far as we know, by men of the Celtic (or +Keltic) race, of which the native Irish are types. The names of the +rivers, mountains, and other natural features of the land are mostly +Celtic, just as in this country they are mostly Indian. About fifty +years before the Christian era the Romans conquered Britain, and held it +for about 500 years. They brought in the Latin language; but few traces +of it now remain except in the names of certain towns and cities. The +mass of the people kept their old Celtic tongue. Between the years 450 +and 550 A.D. Britain was invaded and conquered by German tribes, chiefly +Angles and Saxons. It now became _Angleland_, or _England_; and the +language became what is called _Anglo-Saxon_, except in the mountains of +Wales and of Scotland, where Celtic is found to this day. In the ninth +and tenth centuries the Danes invaded England, and ruled it for a time, +but they caused no great change in the language. In the year 1066 the +Norman Conquest took place, and William the Conqueror became King of +England. Large numbers of the Norman French came with him, and French +became the language of the court and of the nobility. By degrees our +English language grew out of the blending of the Anglo-Saxon of the +common people and the Norman French of their new rulers, the former +furnishing most of the _grammar_, the latter supplying many of the +_words_. Now the French was of Latin origin, and the English thus got an +important Latin or "Classical" element, which has since been increased +by the adding of many Greek and Latin words, especially scientific and +technical terms. + +The two great events in the history of the English language, as of the +English people, are the Saxon and the Norman conquests. To the former it +owes its grammatical frame-work, or skeleton; to the latter much of its +vocabulary, or the flesh that fills out the living body. + +It must not be inferred that our grammar is just like the Anglo-Saxon +because this is the _basis_ of it. The Anglo-Saxon had many more +_inflections_ (case-endings of nouns and pronouns, etc.) than the +French, and in the forming of English most of these were dropped, +prepositions and auxiliaries coming to be used instead. It was not until +about A.D. 1550 that the language had become in the main what it now is. +Some words have since been lost, and many have been added, but its +grammar has changed very little. Our version of the Bible, published in +1611, shows what English then was (and had been for fifty years or +more), and has done much to keep it from further change. + +As a rule the most common words--those that chiefly make up the language +of childhood and of every-day life--are Saxon; and very many of them are +words of one syllable. In the inscription above, every monosyllable is +Saxon, with _Boston_, _grateful_, and _coming_; the rest are French or +Latin. In the case of pairs of words having the same meaning, one is +likely to be Saxon, the other Classical. Thus _happiness_ is Saxon, +_felicity_ is French; _begin_ is Saxon, _commence_ is French; _freedom_ +is Saxon, _liberty_ is French, etc. The Saxon is often to be preferred, +though not always; but, as has been implied above, if a short and simple +word conveys our meaning, we should never put it aside for a longer and +less familiar one. In such cases the chances are that the former is +Saxon, and the latter Classical. Thus above, _citizens_, _sacrificed_, +_preserved_, _integrity_, and _erected_ are all Classical. + + + + +THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. + +BY EDWARD C. CARY. + + +CHAPTER III. + +Washington spent about nine months with the army around Boston. Several +times he was ready to attack the British, and to try and drive them from +the city; but his officers were afraid the army was not strong enough. +So Washington had to wait and watch--he had a good deal of waiting and +watching to do all through the war, for that matter. At last, in March, +1776, the Americans around Boston having gradually pushed closer and +closer, the British found that they must either leave or fight. Their +General did not feel strong enough to fight, so he put his men on ships +and sailed away to Halifax. Of course the Americans were greatly +rejoiced. Washington got much praise, and deserved it, for he had shown +great good judgment and skill in his management of the army. + +Washington knew that the British would soon come back, and thought they +would come to New York. So he took nearly all his army, and marched them +westward to that city. + +Early in July the British came, as Washington had expected, and made +their camp on the beautiful hillsides of Staten Island. They brought +with them what they called propositions for peace. These were simply +offers to pardon the Americans for resisting the British tax laws, if +they would now obey them. But this would only have left things exactly +as they were in the beginning; it came too late. The Americans had +already made up their minds that they would not obey the British laws +which taxed them, nor any laws of Great Britain, but that in the future +they would make their own laws in such manner as seemed to them most +just. This purpose was written out in a long paper called the +Declaration of Independence, and was signed on the Fourth of July, 1776, +by the members of Congress. General Washington caused the Declaration of +Independence to be read to his soldiers. "Now," he said to them, "the +peace and safety of our country depend, under God, solely on the success +of our arms," and he appealed to "every officer and soldier to act with +fidelity and courage." + +The year 1776 was a very gloomy one. All efforts to hold New York +failed. A hard battle was fought around Brooklyn (August 27), and the +Americans were badly beaten. Washington had to give up New York, and +content himself with trying to keep the British from going to +Philadelphia. Late in the fall he got across the Delaware River, with +the British close on his heels. Soon the river filled with ice, as the +cold weather came on, and the two armies lay one on one side and the +other on the other. The American troops had dwindled away until there +were only about three thousand of them. + +Washington resolved that something must be done to raise the spirits of +the country, or the people would lose all hope of resisting the British +with success. At Trenton, on the opposite side from his own army, lay a +force of Hessians, who were German soldiers, hired by Great Britain to +come to America to fight, and Washington formed the plan of capturing +them. + +On Christmas-eve, 1776, he crossed the Delaware with 2400 men. The night +was bitterly cold; a pelting hail-storm was falling; ice in great blocks +was running down the stream, and hindered the boats, so that the army +did not get across until four o'clock in the morning. Then the soldiers +formed in ranks in the darkness, and being divided into two parties, +started for Trenton, nine miles below. Washington led one of the +parties, and General Sullivan the other. As they plodded along through +the hail and snow, some of the men, exhausted, fell by the road-side, +and of these two froze to death before they could be rescued. + +As the men under Washington reached Trenton, and began to capture the +Hessian soldiers set as sentinels to watch the road, they heard firing +on the other side of the town, and knew that Sullivan's men had come up. +Then both parties rushed swiftly toward the centre of the town, and with +very little bloodshed a thousand prisoners were taken. This was a great +success of itself, and had the effect which Washington had hoped for: it +gave the whole country new courage. + +Washington then started back toward New York, and so rapid was his march +that the British commander became frightened lest the Americans should +retake the city, and he too went quickly back, and gave up all thought +of reaching Philadelphia that year. + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +A DISOBEDIENT SOLDIER. + +BY DAVID KER. + + +"Now, lads, there's the battery; remember the Emperor himself is +watching you, and carry it in true French style. The moment you get into +it, make yourselves fast against attack; and mind that any man who comes +out again to pick up the wounded, even though I myself should be among +them, shall be tried for disobedience as soon as the battle's over." + +So spoke Colonel Lasalle to his French grenadiers just before the final +charge that decided the battle of Wagram. Then he waved his sword, and +shouted, "_En avant!_" + +Forward swept the grenadiers like a torrent, with the shout which the +Austrians opposed to them already knew to their cost. Through blinding +smoke and pelting shot they rushed headlong on, with mouths parched, +faces burning, and teeth set like a vise. Ever and anon a red flash rent +the murky cloud around them, and the cannon-shot came tearing through +their ranks, mowing them down like grass. But not a man flinched, for +the same thought was in every mind, that they were fighting under the +eye of their "Little Corporal," as they affectionately called the +terrible Napoleon. + +Suddenly the smoke parted, and right in front of them appeared the dark +muzzles of cannon, and the white uniforms of Austrian soldiers. One last +shout, which rose high above all the roar of the battle, the bayonets +went glittering over the breastwork like the spray of a breaking wave, +and the battery was won. + +"Where's the Colonel?" cried a voice, suddenly. + +There was no answer. The handful of men that remained of the doomed band +looked meaningly at each other, but no one spoke. Strict disciplinarian +as he was, seldom passing a day without punishing some one, the old +Colonel had nevertheless won his men's hearts completely by his reckless +courage in battle; and every man in the regiment would gladly have +risked his life to save that of "the old growler," as they called him. + +But if he were not with them, where was he? Outside the battery the +whole ground was scourged into flying jets of dust by a storm of bullets +from the fight that was still raging on the left. In such a cross-fire +it seemed as if nothing living could escape, and if he had fallen +_there_, there was but little hope for him. + +"_I_ see him!" cried a tall grenadier. "He's lying out yonder, and +alive, too, for I saw him wave his hand just now. I'll have him here in +five minutes, boys, or be left there beside him." + +"But you mustn't disobey orders, Dubois," said a young Captain (now the +oldest surviving officer, so terrible had been the havoc), hoping by +this means to stop the reckless man from rushing upon certain death. +"Remember what the Colonel told you--that even if he _were_ left among +the wounded, no one must go out to pick them up." + +"I can't help that," answered the soldier, laying down his musket and +tightening the straps of his cross-belts. "Captain, report Private +Dubois for insubordination and breach of discipline. I'm going out to +bring in the Colonel." + +And he stepped forth unflinchingly into the deadly space beyond. + +They saw him approach the spot where the Colonel lay; they saw him bend +over the fallen man, shielding him from the shot with his own body. Then +he was seen to stagger suddenly, as if from a blow; but the next moment +he had the Colonel in his arms, and was struggling back over the +shot-torn ground, through the dying and the dead. Twice he stopped +short, as if unable to go farther; but on he came again, and had just +laid his officer gently down inside the battery, when, with his +comrades' shout of welcome still ringing in his ears, he fell fainting +to the earth, covered with blood. + + * * * * * + +By the next morning Colonel Lasalle had recovered sufficiently to amaze +the whole regiment by putting under arrest the man who had saved his +life; but the moment it was done, the Colonel mounted his horse, and +rode off to head-quarters at full gallop. In about an hour he was seen +coming back again, side by side with a short, square-built man in a gray +coat and cocked hat, at sight of whom the soldiers burst into deafening +cheers, for he was no other than the Emperor Napoleon. + +"Let me see this fellow," said Napoleon, sternly; and two grenadiers led +forward Pierre Dubois, so weak from his wounds that he could hardly +stand. + +"So, fellow, thou hast dared to disobey orders, ha?" cried the Emperor, +in his harshest tones. + +"I have, sire. And if it were to be done again, I'd do it." + +"And what if we were to shoot thee for insubordination?" + +"My life is your Majesty's, now as always," answered the grenadier, +boldly. "And if I must choose between dying myself and leaving my +Colonel to die, the old regiment can better spare a common fellow like +me than a brave officer like him." + +A sudden spasm shook the old Colonel's iron face as he listened, and +even Napoleon's stern gray eyes softened as few men had ever seen them +soften yet. + +"Thou'rt wrong _there_," said he, "for I would not give a 'common +fellow' of thy sort for twenty Colonels, were every one of them as good +as my old Lasalle here. Take this, _Sergeant_ Dubois"--and he fastened +his own cross of the Legion of Honor to Pierre's breast. "I warrant me +thou'lt be a Colonel thyself one of these days." + +And sure enough, five years later, Pierre Dubois was not only a Colonel, +but a General. + + + + +[Illustration: READY TO MOVE--MAY-DAY IN THE CITY.] + + + + +THE NAUGHTY CUCKOO AND THE BOBOLINKS. + +BY AGNES CARR. + + +Spring had come, with its buds and blossoms, warm bright days and gentle +showers, and the old apple-tree at the end of the garden was putting on +its new spring dress of green leaves and tiny pink buds, which before +long would open into sweet blossoms, and still later turn into ripe +golden fruit, when a pair of Bobolinks came flying through the garden +one fine morning house-hunting, or rather looking for a nice place to +build a nest and go to housekeeping. + +"Here is a good spot," said the little husband, whose name was Robert, +perching on a limb of the old apple-tree and poking his bill into a +crotch formed by a crooked branch. + +"So it is," said Linny, his wife, "for the leaves will soon be out and +hide the nest from sight:" and they began to chatter so fast about the +nice home they would have there, that it sounded like nothing but +"Bob-o-link, bob-o-link, spink, spank, spink," so that two little girls +who were playing with their dolls under the tree said, "What a noise +those Bobolinks make! what are they chattering so about?" + +Soon, however, they saw the little birds flying back and forth, back and +forth, with bits of hair and straw in their bills, and then they said to +one another, "The Bobolinks are building a nest," and they hung pieces +of cotton and bunches of thread on the lower limbs of the tree, and +watched to see Robert carry them off to weave into the outside of the +nest, while Linny made a soft lining of hair inside. And at last the +little home was finished, and three pretty eggs laid snugly inside; when +one day, while Robert and Linny had gone to stretch their wings by a +short flight around the garden, an ugly old Cuckoo, who had seen the +Bobolinks flying in and out of the tree, came and laid a big egg in the +nest; for Cuckoos are lazy birds, and never build houses for themselves, +but steal places to lay their eggs, and let somebody else take care of +their children. + +Now Robert and Linny had never been to school, and could not count; so +when they came back they did not notice that there were four eggs in the +nest instead of three, and Linny settled down on them, quite happy, +while Robert sang a merry song to her, all about birds and flowers, and +brought her nice fat worms and flies to eat, and was just the best +little Bobolink husband in the whole garden. + +And after a while a faint "_peep-peep_" was heard, the eggs all cracked, +and out came four little blind birdies, without any feathers, and ugly +enough, you would have said, but their papa and mamma thought them +lovely. One, however, was as large as the other three put together, and +took up so much room that Linny said: "Oh dear, we have made the nest +too small! When the children grow larger, some will be crowded out." + +"That is strange," said Robert, "for it is the same size as the other +Bobolinks have built, and they have plenty of room." + +"Yes, but just see how big one of the babies is," said Linny. + +Just then Robert saw the Cuckoo on a tree near by, winking one eye, and +laughing until her sides shook, and exclaimed: "I see how it is: that +old thief of a Cuckoo has laid an egg in our nest. I will throw her ugly +child out, and she can look after it herself;" and he made a dive for +the little Cuckoo, but Linny caught him by his tail-feathers, saying: + +"No, no; poor little fellow, he will die if you throw him on the ground. +Let him stay until he gets too big for the nest." + +So the Cuckoo staid. But he was a very bad bird, for after a while, when +he and the little Bobolinks got their eyes open, and had nice coats of +feathers, he would peck at his companions, and take away all the best +bits of bread and fattest worms that their papa and mamma brought them +home for dinner, and was so cross and greedy that Robert would have +pitched him out on the grass if Linny had not begged he might stay a +little longer, and tried to make him behave better. + +The apple-tree was now covered with pink and white blossoms, which grew +around the little nest and made it like a bower. And now the birdies +were learning to fly, and could go to the outer branches of the tree, +where they sat in a row, while their father taught them how to sing. + +"Bob-o-link, bob-o-link, spink, spank, spink," sang Robert. And the +little ones, who could not speak plain, all repeated, "Bob-o-link, +bob-o-link, pink, pank, pink"--all except the biggest bird, who would +only say, "Cuckoo, cuckoo," in a harsh voice. + +At last, one day, Robert said, "Now, children, you are old enough to +leave the tree, and to-day you must begin to go a little way into the +garden." + +"Yes," said their mother, "but take care, and never sit on the ground, +for there is a great yellow cat who will surely eat you up." + +"We will be very careful," said all the little Bobolinks. + +After Billy, Bobby, and Jenny, as well as Cuckoo, had had their feathers +brushed nice and smooth, they were sent out to try their wings; but the +Cuckoo was stronger, and could fly farther than the Bobolinks. + +Bobby flew over to the fence, to see what was on the other side, and the +first thing he spied was the yellow cat creeping slowly along, and she +fixed her eyes right on him. He tried to fly back, but just then the +Cuckoo came behind, and gave him a push which sent him fluttering to the +ground, right in front of Mrs. Pussie. Poor Bobby gave himself up for +lost; but as the cat was about to spring on him, a great dog came +bounding across the yard, which sent the cat scampering off in a hurry, +and saved Bobby, who hastened home as fast as his little wings could +carry him. + +"Pshaw!" said the Cuckoo; "I thought there would be one out of the nest. +But there is the cat under a bush, and Jenny is tilting on a twig just +above, without seeing her." So the naughty bird flew to the rose-bush, +and said, "Jenny, you look as if you were having a nice time." + +"I am," said Jenny; "but don't come on this twig, it won't hold you." + +"Oh yes, it will," said Cuckoo, leaning on the slender spray, which +broke, and fell with Jenny, who was too frightened to fly; and quick as +lightning the cat seized and carried her off in her mouth. + +"Ha, ha, ha," laughed Cuckoo; "there will be room in the nest now." But +at that moment the two little girls came out of the house, saw the cat +with the bird, and made her drop Jenny on the grass. She was not much +hurt, and they carried her gently back to the apple-tree, and gave her +to her papa and mamma. The Cuckoo then went to look for Billy; but as he +was passing the flower garden he saw a juicy white angle-worm lying in a +bed of violets, and feeling hungry, stopped to take a little lunch. + +The worm was very nice, and Cuckoo enjoyed it very much, when, just as +he was swallowing the last morsel, the cat came stealing softly from +under a wood-pile, and thinking if birds could lunch on worms, she could +lunch on birds, pounced upon Cuckoo, and carried him off; and nothing +more was ever seen of him, except a few feathers scattered near the door +of the wood-shed. These Billy saw, and went home to tell the sad story. + + + + +[Illustration: ROBINSON CRUSOE JAP.] + + + + +[Illustration: OUR POST-OFFICE BOX.] + + + ORISKANY, NEW YORK. + + I am a little boy, and I take YOUNG PEOPLE, which I like very + much. I enjoy reading the children's letters, and I want to tell + you about my squirrel that I caught the 26th of March, while + hunting with one of my playmates. His dog chased it into a hollow + stump. He put his hat on top of the slump, and we built a little + fire at the bottom, and the smoke drove the squirrel into the hat. + I carried it home, and a few days ago I found in the cage five + little baby squirrels. One of them died, but I hope the rest will + live. I think they will, for their mother takes good care of them. + I feed her with all kinds of nuts, and she is getting very tame. + + ALFRED H. H. + + * * * * * + + LANSING, MICHIGAN. + + I think that YOUNG PEOPLE is a very nice paper. I am making a + collection of birds' eggs, shells, stones, and other curiosities. + Papa made me a birthday present of some minerals, nicely labelled. + I saw some willow "pussies" on March 21. Now we have robins, + bluebirds, blackbirds, and many other birds singing. We have a + great deal of fun with "Misfits," given in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 22. + + JESSIE I. B. + + * * * * * + + BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. + + I have been very sick, and can not go to school, so I will write + you about my turtles. I brought them from Kiskatom last summer. + There were five, but the smallest one died. The largest was two + inches long, and the smallest one only an inch and a quarter. They + are in the cellar, in a tub half filled with mud and water, in + which they buried themselves last fall. I am anxious to see if + they will come out again this spring. I fed them on flies and + earth-worms, and they became very tame. I am going to take them + back to their native place this summer, and let them go. + + EDDIE W. + + * * * * * + + CARDIFF, SOUTH WALES, ENGLAND. + + I read HARPER'S WEEKLY and YOUNG PEOPLE in a subscription + reading-room opposite my house, and some time ago I saw an + invitation to English boys to write, which invitation I beg to + accept. You invited correspondents to write about their pets. I + have a paroquet. It was brought me by a captain. It was captured + in India. It can not quite talk, but I often think it tries to. It + imitates my whistle very well. Its usual note is a sort of + chirping whistle. It always knows when meal-times are, and cries + out until it has a share. About ten o'clock in the morning it + becomes very talkative in its own language, and I answer it. + + LEWIS G. D. + + * * * * * + + PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. + + I am a little girl seven years old. I go to a lovely place on the + sea-shore in summer. Crabbing is the best fun you can have there. + It is best to go on a rainy day. You take a crab-net, which is a + long pole with an iron ring at one end, and a net dropping from + it. Another person takes a line with some meat on it, and lets it + down into the water. When the crab comes to eat, you catch it with + the net. I went crabbing with my nurse one day, and we caught a + peach-basketful of crabs. + + N. D. + + * * * * * + + GREENVILLE, OHIO. + + I want to tell you about some Punch-and-Judy figures I made + myself. I give a Punch-and-Judy show every Saturday, and I make + from five to ten cents each time. The boys tease me to play it all + the time. I am eleven years old, and I can play Punch and Judy + very well. + + WILLIE G. H. + + * * * * * + + HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. + + I was very much interested in Gertrude Balch's letter in No. 17, + because her name is the same as my own. I have a little brother, + who asks every day if that is not the day for YOUNG PEOPLE to + come. At grandma's, where I am visiting, there are two cats, named + Nancy and John, and my aunt has an Esquimaux dog that is very + large and handsome. He sleeps under my bed every night. I wish + some little girl would please tell me how I can tame birds. + + DAISIE BALCH. + + * * * * * + + I thought, perhaps, you would like a letter from Tallahoma, + Tennessee; and I want to tell you that YOUNG PEOPLE is a very + welcome visitor at our house. The story "Across the Ocean" is just + splendid. Spring is here. Peach-trees were in bloom before the + middle of March, and now we have a great many flowers. + + ROBERT H. D. + + * * * * * + + BROOKSIDE FARM, MISSOURI, _March 30, 1880_. + + I heard a whip-poor-will this morning for the first time this + year, and would be very glad if others would inform me if they + have heard the bird this spring. I heard a cat-bird trilling its + notes about a week ago, and bluebirds, martins, and other birds + have made their appearance. Pewits are building their nests. + Brother Le Verne gets YOUNG PEOPLE, and we have all the numbers + published. We all like it very much. I like the articles on + natural history best, and as I have seen some of the animals + described, it makes it more interesting to me. + + WROTON K. + + * * * * * + + CHAMBERSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA. + + I am very fond of reading; and when I go to my father's office + every Wednesday evening to get YOUNG PEOPLE, the first thing I + look at is the Post-office Department. Nearly all of your + correspondents have pets. I have a dear little dog named Sport. He + is very playful and mischievous, and is exceedingly fond of taffy + and pea-nuts. + + EMMA M. + + * * * * * + + ANGELS CAMP, CALIFORNIA. + + We like YOUNG PEOPLE ever so much. Mamma reads us the stories. I + read the letters, and try to find out the puzzles. I have a pet + dog named Rover. He plays hide-and-seek with me; and he will eat + corn like a dog I read about in the Post-office of No. 18. My + little sister has a pet hen named Tansie, and a boy who lives next + door has two guinea-pigs. + + WILLIE H. C. + + * * * * * + + WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. + + I was nine years old last October. Papa subscribed for YOUNG + PEOPLE for my New-Year's gift for 1880, and I like it so much! The + puzzles are very interesting, and make many a pleasant evening for + us children. I think the story of "A Boy's First Voyage" is grand. + I have had two pets this winter--a beautiful English rabbit and a + very handsome kitty. Kitty can open any of the doors in the house + that has a latch, and walk in as independent as you please. Bunny + was very jealous of her, and would chase her and tease her so that + I gave him to Cousin Georgie, for kitty had the oldest right. Now + she has three of the fattest little baby kittens you ever saw. + When they begin to run around, they will make lots of sport for + us. Old kitty has to give them several boxings a day with her paw. + + STIMMIE H. C. + + * * * * * + + FAIRFIELD, NEW YORK. + + I am eight years old. My sister Fannie and I have a pet cat. We + were all at tea one evening, when we heard the piano in the other + room. We ran in there, and kitty was sitting on the stool playing + her best piece. + + JESSIE V. W. + + * * * * * + + FARMINGTON, MAINE. + + I am a little girl eleven years old. I have a cat named P. T. + Barnum. He always knows when the meat-man comes. Even if he is + asleep, he will wake up, and begin to cry until he gets a piece of + meat. He is a very handsome Maltese. I call him P. T. + + MABEL S. + + * * * * * + + EDGEWOOD PLANTATION, LOUISIANA. + + I am a little girl eight years old, and I live on the banks of the + Mississippi River. My mamma takes YOUNG PEOPLE for me. I ride a + pony to school every day. I wanted to tell you about my pets, and + my dolls too, but I must not make my first letter too long. + + LIZZIE C. M. + + * * * * * + +The two following communications were written in big capitals: + + NEW YORK CITY. + + There was a little girl who had four dolls. One of them was + French; the other three were wax. There was a parrot in the house + where the little girl lived. This little girl had a nurse she + loved very much. The little girl had a brother whose name was + Harry. He had a little boat that went by steam. He sailed it in + the bath-tub. + + BESSIE HYDE. + + * * * * * + + BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. + + I have two canary-birds, but one of them will not sing. I had two + pretty little guinea-pigs, but a big dog killed one of them, and + ate it up. I am glad when the newsman brings YOUNG PEOPLE. Mamma + reads all the stories to me. + + NANNIE HAYES. + + * * * * * + + ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. + + I am eight years old. I am sick now with the measles, and mamma + has read all the stories in the last YOUNG PEOPLE to me. I wish + the next one would come. I have a little dog named Frolic. He will + sit up, and turn over, and speak for something to eat. + + NED BISHOP. + + * * * * * + + BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. + + My name is "Wee Tot." My papa writes this letter for me. By-and-by + I will write myself. I have shells, and ocean mosses, and stuffed + birds that don't sing, and a big owl, and some alligators, + and--oh! I don't know--lots of things. I wish some little boy or + girl would send me some pressed flowers and grasses, and some + pretty stones and leaves. Then I will send them some of my pretty + things. I will put them in a tin case, and papa will send them in + the Post-office. + + "WEE TOT" BRAINARD, + 257 Washington Street (Room 20), Boston. + + * * * * * + + I see the children telling about their pets. I have a little dog + that can turn somersaults. He shuts doors when you tell him to, + and gives you his paw if you ask him in French. He is a black and + tan. Then I have a pet kitten, and I tie a blue ribbon round its + neck. It jumps through my arms; but it is too fond of staying out + all night on the fences. I have seventeen dolls. The largest is a + Japanese baby, and is as large as a live one. Another doll is nine + years old, and is named Shawnee. I have a very large baby-house. I + wrote to Mamie Jones, and sent her some flower seeds to exchange. + Will some other little girl exchange some with me? + + GUSSIE SHARP, + 438 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, New York. + + * * * * * + + I live in Springwells, Detroit, Michigan. I have a little dog + named Phanor. He is not as big as a rabbit. Je parle Français + aussi bien que l'Anglais. + + MARCEL FERRAND. + + * * * * * + + If "Genevieve" will wait until summer, I will be very glad to + exchange some of our pressed flowers for hers. + + BESSIE BARNEY, + 142 Lake Street, Cleveland, Ohio. + + * * * * * + + If "Genevieve," of Galt, California, will send me her address, I + will be pleased to exchange specimens of pressed flowers with her. + + LOU PORTER, + Corry, Erie Co., Pennsylvania. + + * * * * * + +Miss Rosenbaum, of Raleigh, North Carolina, wishes for "Genevieve's" +address, for the purpose of exchanging pressed flowers with her. + + * * * * * + + If "Genevieve" will send me her address, I will send her a bouquet + when our flowers bloom. + + MAGGIE E. DEARDORFF, + Canal Dover, Ohio. + + * * * * * + + _April 8, 1880_. + + I am a little girl eleven years old. I was out in the woods + to-day, and I found this little hepatica which I send you. + Although I live farther north than many of the children, I have + found a spring flower as early as most of them. If that little + girl named Genevieve, in California, will send me her address, I + will be very glad to exchange pressed flowers with her. + + JESSIE KILBORN, + Petoskey, Michigan. + + * * * * * + + DETROIT, MICHIGAN. + + I thought I would tell you about our goat Minnie. She is one year + and a half old, and is pure white. In the winter we hitch her to a + little sleigh, and she pulls us all around. She runs on the + curb-stone very fast, and does not fall off, and what we think + very strange is that she will come to no one but me. She plays + cross-tag with us, and when she is "it," no one can tag her back. + Will you please tell me in what month the crow builds its nest? + + JOSEPH E. G. + +The crow makes its nest at the beginning of warm weather. In England it +is often at work collecting sticks by the first of April, but in this +country, especially in the northern portion, it rarely begins its labors +before the last of May. Its nest is in the top of very high trees, and +when viewed from below resembles a shapeless bundle of sticks, but the +inner nest, which is made of hair and wool, is a beautifully smooth and +soft resting-place for the five green, spotted eggs. Young crows are +very ugly and awkward, and make a singular noise like a cry, but they +are very easily tamed, and make very affectionate although mischievous +pets. + + * * * * * + +W. M. CHAPMAN.--"_Zoe mou, sas agapo_" the refrain of Byron's poem to +the "Maid of Athens," means "My life, I love you." + + * * * * * + +ERNEST K.--The letter you inquire about is genuine, as are all the +others we print. + + * * * * * + +MABEL G. H.--You will find the recipe of a pot-pourri in the BAZAR for +February 2, 1878. + + * * * * * + +EMMA S. and LYMAN C.--A pretty ornamental cover for YOUNG PEOPLE will be +ready on the conclusion of the first volume. + + * * * * * + +LILY B.--If your poor canary allows you to handle it, you can hold it +for a moment in tepid water, which will refresh it very much. + + * * * * * + + TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN. + + I like to draw the "Wiggles" in YOUNG PEOPLE. We have a little + black pony, and we call him "Nig." When he is hungry, he paws with + his foot. I am twelve years old. Will you please tell me what + fid-dle-de-dee is in French? + + NELLIE M. C. + +There is no French translation of that word. If a Frenchman wished to +express the same idea, he would probably shrug his shoulders and say, +"Bah!" + + * * * * * + +Favors are acknowledged from Charlie Markward, Bessie H. S., Johnnie S., +K. V. L., Perley B. T., R. Crary, Charles W. L., James B. E., Marion +King, Bessie Longnecker, T. Horton, Lourina C., George Paul, +T. H. V. T., Willie, Tom W. S., Miss E. P., Carrie Rauchfuss, Ida King, +Willie Orcutt, M. L. Cornell, Mamie H., Elvira D. H., Rita F. Morris, +Carrie H. and Olive R., Carrie Pope, E. M. Rosenberg, Louie, Edith W. + + * * * * * + +Correct answers to puzzles are received from Frank MacDavitt, Louisa +Gates, William S., T. K. Durham, H. F. Phillips, Emma L. C., W. G. +Warner, Willie H. Lane, "Tout ou rien," John Inghram, Jun., Mary +Kingsbury, Jennie, George Fisher, Reginald F., "Hope," Lloyd Clark, +Marion Norcross, Rosie Macdonald, Marie M., Jennie Yatman, Mary Randol, +Emma Schaffer, Katie Gould, Emily Theberath, L. Mahler, Cora Frost, W. +Kenney, Lizzie Chapman, Nellie W. and Birdie S., J. B. Whitlock, William +and Mary Tiddy, W. S. Naldrett, J. R. Glen, E. A. Cushing, Gertrude R. + + * * * * * + +PUZZLES FROM YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS. + +No. 1. + +ENIGMA. + + My first is in run, but not in walk. + My second is in shout, but not in talk. + My third is in barn, but not in house. + My fourth is in pheasant, and also in grouse. + My fifth is in April, but not in May. + My sixth is in night, but not in day. + My seventh is in bud, but not in flower. + My eighth is in rain, and also in shower. + My ninth is in flute, but not in fife. + My tenth is in cousin, but not in wife. + My eleventh is in circle, but not in ring. + My whole was the name of a Scottish king. + + W. K. + + * * * * * + +No. 2. + +RIDDLE. + +What familiar motto is composed of four E's, three M's, two R's, and one +B? + + C. L. S. + + * * * * * + +No. 3. + +NUMERICAL CHARADE. + + I am composed of 14 letters. + My 13, 14, 12, 10 is seen at night. + My 9, 11, 8 is a resting-place. + My 10, 12, 14 is a troublesome animal. + My 3, 12, 1, 2, 5 is a title. + My 3, 6, 4, 5, 7 is a word often applied to the sea. + My whole is a sweet name for a bird. + + REBECCA. + + * * * * * + +No. 4. + +RHOMBOID. + +Across--A tree; adjacent; a peculiar pace; a boy's name. Down--In pint; +a preposition; a snare; a title; a species of deer; a preposition; in +pint. + + RIP VAN WINKLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 5. + +ANAGRAMS. + +[The letters contained in each of these sentences, if correctly +arranged, spell one word.] + +1. Pin a poor bat. 2. There we sat. 3. Trust in coin. 4. Pear root. 5. +Rome's gate. 6. Go, let a cat run. + + C. P. T. + + * * * * * + +No. 6. + +ENIGMA. + + My first is in fame, but not in glory. + My second is in lie, but not in story. + My third is in aged, but not in old. + My fourth is in heat, but not in cold. + My fifth is in boy, but not in child. + My sixth is in rampant, but not in wild. + My seventh is in sane, but not in fool. + My whole is much studied in college and school. + + N. L. C. + + * * * * * + +ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN NO. 23. + +No. 1. + +Sapphire. + +No. 2. + + N O N E + O V E N + N E E D + E N D S + +No. 3. + + H + Y O U + H O U S E + U S E + E + +No. 4. + + A r T + T a R + L y E + A n N + N u T + T w O + A mazo N + +Atlanta, Trenton. + +No. 5. + +Christopher Columbus. + +No. 6. + + N A I L S + A N N I E + I N M A N + L I A R S + S E N S E + + + + +ADVERTISEMENTS. + + + + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at +the following rates--_payable in advance, postage free_: + + SINGLE COPIES $0.04 + ONE SUBSCRIPTION, _one year_ 1.50 + FIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS, _one year_ 7.00 + +Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it +will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the +Number issued after the receipt of order. + +Remittances should be made by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER or DRAFT, to avoid +risk of loss. + +ADVERTISING. + +The extent and character of the circulation of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE +will render it a first-class medium for advertising. A limited number of +approved advertisements will be inserted on two inside pages at 75 cents +per line. + + Address + HARPER & BROTHERS, + Franklin Square, N. Y. + + + + +FINE TROUT TACKLE. + +[Illustration] + +We offer a fine 3 Joint Fly Rod, 15 yard Brass Reel, 100 ft. Linen Line, +3 Flies, 3 Hooks to gut, & Leader, complete, by express for $5.00; by +mail, postpaid, $5.50; sample Flies by mail, postpaid, 10c. each; per +doz., $1.00; complete Catalogue Free. + + PECK & SNYDER, Manufacturers, + 124 and 126 Nassau St., N. Y. + + + + +FREE BY MAIL. + +[Illustration] + + 12 Roses, all of the best named sorts, including + Duchess of Edinburgh, Nephetos + or Cornelia Cook, $1.00 + 13 Geraniums, including New Life and + Happy Thought, 1.00 + 16 Tube Roses, 1.00 + 16 Gladiolas, all flowering bulbs, 1.00 + 8 Of each of the above two, 1.00 + 4 Palms, nice plants, all different, 1.00 + 12 Begonias, all different, 1.00 + 10 Ferns, all different, 1.00 + 6 Crotons, the best sorts for high colors, 1.00 + 12 New Fancy Coleus, all different, 1.00 + 6 Fancy Caladiums, in sorts, 1.00 + 8 Dahlias, in sorts, 1.00 + 24 Sorts of Annual Flower Seeds, 1.00 + 12 Sorts of Perennials and Greenhouse Seeds, 1.00 + +Our =$5.00 Collection= of Fancy Plants for the Conservatory is +unsurpassed. + +To clubs we make special rates. =6= of the above collections for +=$5.00=; all sent by mail. _Send for Catalogue._ + + B. P. CRITCHELL, + 197 West Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio. + + + + +FISHING OUTFITS. + +CATALOGUE FREE. + +R. SIMPSON, 132 Nassau Street, N. Y. + + + + +The Child's Book of Nature. + + * * * * * + + The Child's Book of Nature, for the Use of Families and Schools: + intended to aid Mothers and Teachers in Training Children in the + Observation of Nature. In Three Parts. Part I. Plants. Part II. + Animals. Part III. Air, Water, Heat, Light, &c. By WORTHINGTON + HOOKER, M.D. Illustrated. The Three Parts complete in One Volume, + Small 4to, Half Leather, $1.31; or, separately, in Cloth, Part I., + 53 cents; Part II., 56 cents; Part III., 56 cents. + + * * * * * + +A beautiful and useful work. It presents a general survey of the kingdom +of nature in a manner adapted to attract the attention of the child, and +at the same time to furnish him with accurate and important scientific +information. While the work is well suited as a class-book for schools, +its fresh and simple style cannot fail to render it a great favorite for +family reading. + +The Three Parts of this book can be had in separate volumes by those who +desire it. This will be advisable when the book is to be used in +teaching quite young children, especially in schools. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on +receipt of the price._ + + + + +Old Books for Young Readers. + + * * * * * + +Arabian Nights' Entertainments. + + The Thousand and One Nights; or, The Arabian Nights' + Entertainments. Translated and Arranged for Family Reading, with + Explanatory Notes, by E. W. LANE. 600 Illustrations by Harvey. 2 + vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3.50. + +Robinson Crusoe. + + The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, + Mariner. By DANIEL DEFOE. With a Biographical Account of Defoe. + Illustrated by Adams. Complete Edition. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50. + +The Swiss Family Robinson. + + The Swiss Family Robinson; or, Adventures of a Father and Mother + and Four Sons on a Desert Island. Illustrated. 2 vols., 18mo, + Cloth, $1.50. + + The Swiss Family Robinson--Continued: being a Sequel to the + Foregoing. 2 vols., 18mo, Cloth, $1.50. + +Sandford and Merton. + + The History of Sandford and Merton. By THOMAS DAY. 18mo, Half + Bound, 75 cents. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on +receipt of the price._ + + + + +CHILDREN'S + +PICTURE-BOOKS. + + Square 4to, about 300 pages each, beautifully printed on Tinted + Paper, embellished with many Illustrations, bound in Cloth, $1.50 + per volume. + +The Children's Picture-Book of Sagacity of Animals. + + With Sixty Illustrations by HARRISON WEIR. + +The Children's Bible Picture-Book. + + With Eighty Illustrations, from Designs by STEINLE, OVERBECK, + VEIT, SCHNORR, &c. + +The Children's Picture Fable-Book. + + Containing One Hundred and Sixty Fables. With Sixty Illustrations + by HARRISON WEIR. + +The Children's Picture-Book of Birds. + + With Sixty-one Illustrations by W. HARVEY. + +The Children's Picture-Book of Quadrupeds and other Mammalia. + + With Sixty-one Illustrations by W. HARVEY. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on +receipt of the price._ + + + + +SOLUTION OF THE BOSSY PUZZLE. + + +[Illustration: Fig. 1.] + +The Bossy Puzzle given in No. 23 of YOUNG PEOPLE is solved by relieving +the Bossy of her disfiguring black patches, and arranging them as in +Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the rustic group that the artist had in his mind +when he invented the puzzle. The only correct solution to this puzzle +that we have received was sent in by Eddie S. Hequembourg. + +[Illustration: Fig. 2.] + + + + +OPTICAL TESTS. + + +[Illustration: Fig. 1.] + +The eye is an organ which is very easily deceived, and needs constant +training to enable it to judge correctly of the relative proportions of +objects of different forms. Most of our readers are probably familiar +with the optical test of guessing the height of an ordinary stove-pipe +hat by measuring off the supposed height on the wall of a room. Those +who have not heard of it will find it interesting to try the experiment. +Take a stick, or walking-cane, and measure off on the wall of a room a +height to which you suppose a stove-pipe hat would reach if placed on +the floor immediately underneath, as represented in Fig. 1. Nine times +out of ten the point selected will be a great deal too high. + +Another point in which the proportions of a hat are very deceptive is +this: The diameter, or distance across the crown, of a silk hat is +greater than the height of the crown of the hat from the brim. Most +people will be very positive that just the reverse is the case. We have +all heard that a horse's head is as long as a flour barrel, and felt +very much inclined _not_ to believe it, though such is the fact. + +[Illustration: Fig. 2.] + +[Illustration: Fig. 3.] + +There is also an optical test which is little known, and far more +surprising: Take three tumblers of the same size, and place them in a +row on the table, as represented in Fig. 2; then withdraw the middle +tumbler, and request any one present to place it at such a distance on +the table from the other two tumblers--as represented in Fig. 3--that +the measurements from C to D and from E to F shall be the same as from A +to B. This test will prove very amusing at any small gathering. Each +person in turn tries his hand; the distance he guesses is marked off on +the table. Then the real distance is measured off, and the tumbler put +in its right place, when it will probably be found that every one has +fallen far short of the right measurement. In Fig. 3 we have only +represented the relative positions of the tumblers; the correct distance +is not given. Try it before you measure. + + + + +AUNT FLORA. + +A BROKEN RHYME. + + + Aunt Flora was a precious ____ + Her sympathies were ever ____ + Her cranberry pies were always ____ + Aunt Flora. + + Her homespun dress was neat and ____ + Her favorite conversation ____ + Kept her employed like Solomon's ____ + Aunt Flora. + + I do not think she had a ____ + But everything she did was ____ + How much I've felt her blessed ____ + Aunt Flora. + + Her heart was sweet and warm as ____ + And you would know from any ____ + Among the wise she was not ____ + Aunt Flora. + + + + +[Illustration: A BOY'S POCKETS.] + +SCHOOL-MASTER. "Are you quite sure you have got nothing more in your +Pockets?" + +BOY. "I've got a Hole in my Vest Pocket, Sir." + +SCHOOL-MASTER (_sternly_). "Take your seat, Sir." + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 27, 1880, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 27, 1880 *** + +***** This file should be named 28833-8.txt or 28833-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/8/3/28833/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Harper's Young People, April 27, 1880 + An Illustrated Weekly + +Author: Various + +Release Date: May 16, 2009 [EBook #28833] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 27, 1880 *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#ACROSS_THE_OCEAN"><b>ACROSS THE OCEAN; OR, A BOY'S FIRST VOYAGE</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#SOMETHING_ABOUT_FANS"><b>SOMETHING ABOUT FANS.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_BOYS_SCHOOLS_OF_ENGLAND"><b>THE BOYS' SCHOOLS OF ENGLAND.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_LOST_CHECK"><b>THE LOST CHECK.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_CHEAP_CANOE"><b>A CHEAP CANOE.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#MAHMOUD_THE_SYCE"><b>MAHMOUD THE SYCE.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#CAMBRIDGE_SERIES"><b>CAMBRIDGE SERIES OF INFORMATION CARDS FOR SCHOOLS</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_STORY_OF_GEORGE_WASHINGTON"><b>THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_DISOBEDIENT_SOLDIER"><b>A DISOBEDIENT SOLDIER.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_NAUGHTY_CUCKOO_AND_THE_BOBOLINKS"><b>THE NAUGHTY CUCKOO AND THE BOBOLINKS.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#OUR_POST_OFFICE_BOX"><b>OUR POST-OFFICE BOX</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#OPTICAL_TESTS"><b>OPTICAL TESTS.</b></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><a href="#AUNT_FLORA"><b>AUNT FLORA.</b></a></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[Pg 345]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1000px;"> +<img src="images/ill_001.jpg" width="1000" height="387" alt="Banner: Harper's Young People" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style='width: 100%;' /> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Vol</span>. I.—<span class="smcap">No</span>. 26.</td><td align='center'><span class="smcap">Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York</span>.</td><td align='right'><span class="smcap">Price Four Cents</span>.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Tuesday, April 27, 1880.</td><td align='center'>Copyright, 1880, by <span class="smcap">Harper & Brothers</span>.</td><td align='right'>$1.50 per Year, in Advance.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style='width: 100%;' /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 585px;"><a name="ACROSS_THE_OCEAN" id="ACROSS_THE_OCEAN"></a> +<img src="images/ill_002.jpg" width="585" height="600" alt="SPANISH SAILORS IN A STORM." title="" /> +<span class="caption">SPANISH SAILORS IN A STORM.</span> +</div> + +<h4>[Begun in No. 19 of <span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span>, March 9.]</h4> + +<h2>ACROSS THE OCEAN; OR, A BOY'S FIRST VOYAGE.</h2> + +<h4>A True Story.</h4> + +<h3>BY J. O. DAVIDSON.</h3> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Chapter VIII</span>.</h3> + +<h3>A "WHITE SQUALL."</h3> + +<p>Hurrah for the Mediterranean! Hurrah for the tideless sea! with its +sunny skies and sparkling waters, blue and bright as ever, while English +moors and German forests are being buried in snow by a bitter January +storm!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[Pg 346]</a></span> Well might one think that these handsome, olive-cheeked, +barefooted fellows in red caps and blue shirts, who cruise about this +"summer sea" in their trim little lateen-rigged fruit boats, must be the +happiest men alive. Yet there was once an English sailor who, plunging +into a raw Channel fog on his return from a twelvemonth's cruise in the +Mediterranean, rubbed his hands, and cried, gleefully, "Ah, this is what +<i>I</i> calls weather! None o' yer lubberly blue skies <i>here</i>!"</p> + +<p>Frank, having seen for himself that the Straits of Gibraltar are +thirteen miles wide, instead of being (as he had always thought) no +broader than the East River, was prepared for surprises; but he could +not help staring a little when Herrick told him that this bright, +beautiful, glassy sea is at times one of the stormiest in the world, and +that many a good ship has gone down there like a bullet, "as you'll see +afore long, mayhap," added the old sailor, warningly.</p> + +<p>The sunset that evening, however, seemed to contradict him point-blank. +It was so magnificent that even the careless sailors, used as most of +them were to the glories of the Southern sky, stood still to admire it, +and pronounced it "the finest show they'd ever seen, by a long way." Not +a cloud above, not a ripple below; the steamer's track lay across the +glassy water like a broad belt of light. All was so calm, so clear, so +bright, that it was hard to tell where the sea ended and the sky began. +The ship seemed to be floating in the centre of a vast bubble.</p> + +<p>Suddenly the sun plunged below the horizon like a red-hot ball, and a +deep voice muttered in Frank's ear,</p> + +<p>"We're a-goin' to catch it!"</p> + +<p>At that moment, as if to bear out this gloomy prophecy, the boatswain's +hoarse call was heard:</p> + +<p>"Stand by topsail sheets and halyards! Man the down-hauls! Clear away, +and make all snug!"</p> + +<p>Instantly all was bustle and activity. While some stripped the yards and +clewed up the sails, others battened down the hatches, looked to the +lashings of the boats, and made everything fast. Still, though he +strained his eyes to the utmost, not the least sign of a storm could +Frank see, and at last he whispered to Herrick,</p> + +<p>"How <i>can</i> they tell that it's going to be rough?"</p> + +<p>"The glass is falling, lad, and that's always enough for a sailor; but +there'll be more'n <i>that</i> afore long. Ay, sure enough—see yonder!"</p> + +<p>A streak of pale phosphorescent mist had just appeared on the port bow, +which spread and spread till it blotted out sea and sky, and all was one +dim, impenetrable pall. From the far distance came a strange, ghostly +whisper, while the sea-birds, which had hitherto kept close to the +vessel, flew away with dismal shrieks.</p> + +<p>"Below there!" roared the boatswain. "Tumble up there, smart!"</p> + +<p>Up flew the men, each darting at once to his own post—and not an +instant too soon. A huge white cloud seemed to leap upward through the +inky sky like smoke from a cannon, a long line of foam glanced like a +lightning flash across the dark sea, and then came a rush and a roar, +and over went the ship on her beam ends, and every man on board was +blinded, deafened, and strangled, all in one moment, while crash +followed crash, as doors, sky-lights, and port-shutters were torn away +or dashed to atoms.</p> + +<p>Frank, who was just stepping out of one of the deck-houses when the +storm burst, was spun across the forecastle like a top, and would have +gone overboard had not a sailor clutched his arm, and pressed him down +on the deck by main force till the ship righted.</p> + +<p>"Lie snug, young 'un," said his rescuer, "for them 'white squalls' ain't +to be sneezed at, that's a fact. Look at my shirt."</p> + +<p>This was easier said than done, for honest Bill had no shirt left to +look at, except the collar and wristbands, all the rest having been torn +clean away.</p> + +<p>But as Austin glanced round him he saw other proofs of the wind's force +even more convincing than this. Two of the boats had been literally +smashed to pieces, the strong-iron davits that held them being twisted +like pin-wire. Down in the engine-room the flying open of the furnace +doors had flooded the whole room with blazing coal, and four of the +tubes had burst at once, scalding several firemen so severely that they +had to be carried to the surgeon forthwith.</p> + +<p>Suddenly a cry for help was heard from the wheel-house. Three or four +brave fellows rushed across the reeling deck at the risk of their lives, +and tearing open the door, found one quartermaster lying senseless and +bleeding in a corner, while the other, with a broken arm, was actually +keeping the wheel steady with <i>the remaining hand and his knee</i>, which +he had thrust between the spokes!</p> + +<p>But the stout-hearted crew, not a whit daunted, coolly set about +repairing damages. The injured men were carried below, the decks cleared +of the fragments of wreck, and the coals drawn from the furnaces, into +which the firemen, swathed in wet blankets, crept by turns along a plank +(relieving one another as the stifling heat overpowered them) to close +the flues again by hammering strong wooden plugs into the leaks.</p> + +<p>By twelve o'clock the gale was at its height. Even with four men at the +wheel, the <i>Arizona</i> could barely hold her own against the tremendous +seas that came thundering upon her like falling rocks, and old Herrick +himself began to look grave.</p> + +<p>"Get out a drag!" shouted the officer of the watch.</p> + +<p>The boatswain repeated the order, to the no small amazement of our hero, +who, having always associated a drag with the wheel of a coach, was +puzzled to imagine how it could be applied to a ship.</p> + +<p>But he was not long in finding out. Pieces of timber from the broken +boats, worn out sails, old iron, and various odds and ends were hastily +gathered into a heap, lashed together with chains, and launched +overboard, with two strong hawsers attached. The chains and pieces of +iron made the buoyant mass sink just deep enough, to steady the vessel, +and keep her head up to the wind, which toward night-fall began to show +signs of abating.</p> + +<p>Just before darkness set in, a Spanish bark crossed their bows. The +storm had left its mark on her upper spars, which were terribly +shattered; but the crew, instead of clearing away the wreck, were +groaning and praying around a little doll-like image of the Virgin, +while their officers vainly urged them to return to their duty.</p> + +<p>"Skulkin' lubbers!" growled old Herrick; "they should git what that +feller in the song got. D'ye mind it, Frank, my boy?</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 17em;">"'The boatswain he rope's-ended him, and "Now," says he, "just work!</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 17em;">I read my Bible often, but it don't tell men to <i>shirk</i>;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 17em;">The pumps they are not choked as yet, so let us not despair:</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 17em;">When all is up, or when we're saved, we'll join with you in prayer."'"</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The next morning they sighted the craggy islet of Zembra, which Jack +Dewey, the wit of the forecastle, said should be called "Zebra," for its +cliffs were curiously veined with stripes of blue, red, and black, as +regular as if painted with a brush. A few hours later appeared the +larger island of Partellaria, standing boldly up from the sea in one +great mass of cloud-capped mountain, with the trim white houses of the +little toy town scattered along its base like a game of dominoes.</p> + +<p>By sunset that evening the gale seemed to have fairly blown itself out. +But now came another enemy almost as dangerous. A little after midnight +the ship was hemmed in by a perfect wall of fog, through which neither +moon nor star was to be seen; and all that could be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[Pg 347]</a></span> done was to set the +bells and fog-horns to work, making an uproar worthy of a Chinese +concert.</p> + +<p>About three in the morning came a faint answering chime of church bells; +and the <i>Arizona</i>, "porting" her helm, kept circling about the same spot +for two hours more ("playin' circus," as Jack Dewey said), till the +morning breeze suddenly parted the fog, displaying to Frank's eager eyes +the rocky shores of Malta, and the entrance of Valetta Harbor.</p> + +<p>"There's <i>one</i> thing here as you're bound to see, lad," said Herrick, +"and that's a sort o' under-ground tunnel, like ever so many streets +buried alive, and pitch-dark every one of 'em. They calls it the +Cat-and-Combs [Catacombs]. I never could tell why, for it ain't got +nothin' to do with combs, nor yet with cats neither. But you've got to +take guides and lights with yer, and stick mighty close to 'em, or ye're +a gone 'coon. Guess <i>I</i> ought to know that!"</p> + +<p>"Why, did <i>you</i> ever get lost there?"</p> + +<p>"That's jist what I did, sonny, though I can't think how; but, anyway, +there I was, all to once, right away from the rest, and all alone in the +dark. I tried to holler, but my throat was so dry with the dust and what +not that I made no more noise nor a frog with a sore throat. 'Twarn't +pleasant neither, I can tell ye, to feel my feet kickin' agin skulls and +bones in the dark, and to think how <i>my</i> bones 'ud be added to the +collection 'fore long, when the rats had picked 'em clean. At last I +concluded that I'd jist make matters worse by steerin' at hap-hazard, +and that my best way was to anchor, and wait for the rest o' the convoy.</p> + +<p>"Jist then I spied <i>two eyes</i> a-shinin' in the darkness, and 'fore I +could say 'Knife,' slap came somethin' right in my face, givin' me sich +a start that I jumped five ways at once. But by the soft, furry feel, I +guessed what 'twas; so I sang out, 'Puss! puss!' and the thing came +rubbin' agin my feet, and what should it be but a stray cat! Thinks I, +'Here's somethin' to keep off the rats, anyhow!' and I sat down in a +corner, and took the cat in my lap, and, if you'll b'lieve me, off I +went sound asleep! Fust thing I knew after that, all my mates was around +me agin, laughin' like anythin' to find me nussin' a cat that way. But I +wouldn't go that job over agin, not to be made a Cap'n!"</p> + +<h4>[<span class="smcap">to be continued</span>.]</h4> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="SOMETHING_ABOUT_FANS" id="SOMETHING_ABOUT_FANS"></a>SOMETHING ABOUT FANS.</h2> + +<p>Kan Si was the first lady who carried a fan. She lived in ages which are +past, and for the most part forgotten, and she was the daughter of a +Chinese Mandarin. Who ever saw a Mandarin, even on a tea-chest, without +his fan? In China and Japan to this day every one has a fan; and there +are fans of all sorts for everybody. The Japanese waves his fan at you +when he meets you, by way of greeting, and the beggar who solicits for +alms has the exceedingly small coin "made on purpose" for charity +presented to him on the tip of the fan.</p> + +<p>In ancient times, amongst the Greeks and Romans, fans seem to have been +enormous; they were generally made of feathers, and carried by slaves +over the heads of their masters and mistresses, to protect them from the +sun, or waved about before them to stir the air.</p> + +<p>Catherine de Medicis carried the first folding fan ever seen in France; +and in the time of Louis the Fourteenth the fan was a gorgeous thing, +often covered with jewels, and worth a small fortune. In England they +were the fashion in the time of Henry the Eighth. All his many wives +carried them, and doubtless wept behind them. A fan set in diamonds was +once given to Queen Elizabeth upon New-Year's Day.</p> + +<p>The Mexican feather fans which Cortez had from Montezuma were marvels of +beauty; and in Spain a large black fan is the favorite. It is said that +the use of the fan is as carefully taught in that country as any other +branch of education, and that by a well-known code of signals a Spanish +lady can carry on a long conversation with any one, especially an +admirer.</p> + +<p>The Japanese criminal of rank is politely executed by means of a fan. On +being sentenced to death he is presented with a fan, which he must +receive with a low bow, and as he bows, <i>presto!</i> the executioner draws +his sword, and cuts his head off. In fact, there is a fan for every +occasion in Japan.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="THE_BOYS_SCHOOLS_OF_ENGLAND" id="THE_BOYS_SCHOOLS_OF_ENGLAND"></a>THE BOYS' SCHOOLS OF ENGLAND.</h2> + +<h3>BY AMELIA E. BARR.</h3> + +<p>I suppose there are few boys who have not heard of Westminster Abbey, +and who do not know that within its ancient and splendid walls the Kings +of England are crowned, and the great, the wise, and the brave of every +age are buried. But few, perhaps, are aware that the Abbey also contains +the oldest and one of the most famous boys' schools in the world. It is +true that the statutes of the school, as they now exist, are of a less +remote date than those of Eton and Winchester schools—being framed by +Henry the Eighth and Elizabeth—but they no more represent the origin of +Westminster School than the Reformation represents the origin of the +English Church.</p> + +<p>Westminster Abbey was built by Edward the Confessor, and the Master of +the Novices sitting with his disciples in the western cloister was the +beginning of Westminster School. It was, without doubt, this school that +Ingulphus—the writer of a famous chronicle (<span class="smcap">a.d.</span> 1043-1051)—attended; +for he tells us that Queen Edith often met him coming from school, and +questioned him about his grammar and logic, and always gave him three or +four pieces of money, and then sent him to the royal larder to refresh +himself—two forms of kindness that a school-boy never forgets. +Ingulphus afterward became the secretary of William the Conqueror. In +his day there was no glazing to this cloister, and the rain, wind, and +snow must have swept pitilessly over the novices turning and spelling +out their manuscripts. They had, indeed, a carpet of hay or rushes, and +mats were laid on the stone benches, but it must have been a bitterly +cold school-room in winter.</p> + +<p>At the Reformation, Henry the Eighth drew up new plans for Westminster +School, and Elizabeth perfected the statutes by which the school is +still governed. It was to consist of forty boys, who were to be chosen +for their "good disposition, knowledge, and poverty, and without favor +or partiality"; and even at the present day there is no admission as a +"Queen's Scholar" at Westminster except by long and arduous competition +between the candidates for the honor.</p> + +<p>No one who has witnessed the mode of election will ever forget it. The +candidates are arranged according to their places in the school, and the +<i>lowest two boys</i> first enter the arena. The lower of these two is the +challenger. He calls upon his adversary to translate an epigram, to +parse it, or to answer any grammatical question connected with the +subject. Demand after demand is made, until there is an error. The +Master is appealed to, and answers, "It was a mistake." Then the +challenger and the challenged change places, and the latter, with fierce +eagerness, renews the contest. Whichever of the two is the conqueror, +flushed with victory, then turns to the boy above him, and if he be a +really clever lad, he will sometimes advance ten, fifteen, or twenty +steps before he is stopped by a greater spirit. This struggle—which is +peculiar to Westminster, and highly prized by its scholars—frequently +extends over six or eight weeks, and the ten who are highest at its +close<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</a></span> are elected "Queen's Scholars," in place of those advanced that +year from Westminster to Oxford or Cambridge.</p> + +<p>This mental tournament is a very ancient custom, for Stow says that the +Westminster scholars annually stood under a great tree in St. +Bartholomew's Church yard, and entering the lists of grammar, +chivalrously asserted the intellectual superiority of Westminster +against all comers; and Stow, as you very likely know, died about <span class="smcap">a.d.</span> +1600. There is, therefore, as you may see, a very great honor in being a +"Queen's Scholar"; besides which, the prizes to be divided among them +are very valuable. These consist of three junior studentships of Christ +Church, Oxford, tenable for seven years, and worth about £120 a year; +Dr. Carey's Benefaction, which divides £600 a year among the most needy +and industrious of the scholars in sums of not less than £50, and not +more than £100; and three exhibitions at Trinity College, Cambridge, of +yearly value about £87, tenable until the holder has taken his Bachelor +of Arts degree. The Queen's Scholars are partially maintained by the +school; but all other boys, of which the average number is about one +hundred and fifty, pay very handsomely for their education.</p> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/ill_003.jpg" width="400" height="314" alt="A VIEW OF WESTMINSTER." title="" /> +<span class="caption">A VIEW OF WESTMINSTER.</span> +</div> + +<p>The government of this school is an absolute monarchy in the hands of +the Head-Master, though the Dean and Chapter of Westminster can exercise +a certain control of the Queen's Scholars, and the reigning sovereign of +England is by the statutes Visitor of the School. In 1846 the father of +one of the Queen's Scholars complained to her Majesty that his boy had +been cruelly treated by three of the other scholars, and she ordered an +immediate trial, and punishment of the guilty parties.</p> + +<p>Westminster, from its earliest records, has been famous for its Masters. +Before the great Camden—the Pausanias of England—were Alexander +Nowell, Nicholas Udall, and Thomas Browne. Nowell was Master in Queen +Mary's reign, and Bonner intending to burn him, he fled for his life. On +Elizabeth's accession he again became Master, and was also one of +Elizabeth's preachers, and reproved her so plainly that on one occasion +she bade him "return to his text." You know, boys, it is so easy and so +natural for school-masters to tell people when they are wrong, and the +Masters of Westminster have been noted for the habit.</p> + +<p>Dr. Busby's name is forever associated with Westminster, and he ruled +the school with his terrible birch rod for upward of fifty-seven years. +"My rod is my sieve," he said, "and who can not pass through it is no +boy for me." So many able boys, however, passed through it, that he +could point to the Bench of Bishops, and boast that sixteen of the +spiritual lords sitting there at one time had been educated by him. The +height to which he carried discipline is exemplified by his accompanying +King Charles through the school-room <i>with his hat on</i>, because "he +would not have his boys think there was any man in England greater than +himself." Dryden was one of Busby's scholars, and received from the +great Master many a severe flogging, yet Dryden always spoke of Dr. +Busby with the greatest reverence. Flogging is now only administered on +very grave occasions, by the Head-Master, and in the presence of a third +party, who must be one of the boys.</p> + +<p>In Dr. Busby's time the upper and lower schools were divided by a +curtain, about which there is a remarkable story. A boy, having torn +this curtain, was saved from one of Busby's terrible floggings by his +school-mate assuming the fault, and bearing the rod in his place. This +brave lad in the civil war took the King's side, became implicated in a +futile rising, and was condemned to death at Exeter. But his judge +happened to be the very boy whose place he had taken under Busby's rod, +and he was not unmindful of the favor, for he hastened to London, and +begged from Cromwell his friend's life. If you will get No. 313 of the +<i>Spectator</i>, you can read the whole story, and it is a very beautiful as +well as truthful one.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/ill_004.jpg" width="400" height="315" alt="THE SCHOOL-ROOM." title="" /> +<span class="caption">THE SCHOOL-ROOM.</span> +</div> + +<p>The school-room at Westminster is one of the most interesting rooms in +the world. It was the dormitory of the old monks; and when I saw it, +thirty years ago, its walls were quite covered with the names of boys +who had studied there, and who had cut with their penknives these rude +autographs. Many of the names have since become famous all over the +world, and will never be forgotten. At that time "John Dryden" was deep +and plain in the solid bench where he cut it, for not one of all the +thousands of Westminster boys who have sat in his place since have been +mean or thoughtless enough to deface it.</p> + +<p>The dormitory of the Queen's Scholars stands where the granary of the +monks stood, and is a chamber one hundred and sixty-one feet long by +twenty-five broad. It is interesting because it is the theatre where for +centuries the "Westminster Play" has been acted. This "play" was +expressly ordered by Queen Elizabeth for "her boys," and those of +Terence were chosen by her. In 1847 there was a movement to abolish the +"Westminster Play," but a memorial, signed by more than six hundred old +Westminsters, pleaded for its continuance, and it is still one of the +great features of a London Christmas.</p> + +<p>Westminster is pre-eminently a classical school, but no school has a +longer or more splendid list of great scholars. Of Church dignitaries it +counts nine Archbishops and more than sixty Bishops: among the latter +Trelawney, Francis Atterbury (the friend of Pope, Swift, and Gay), Isaac +Barrow, and the witty, loyal Dr. South, who, when but an Upper Boy at +Westminster, dared to read the prayer for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[Pg 349]</a></span> Charles the First an hour +before he was beheaded. Still more famous was Prideaux, the great +Oriental and Hebrew scholar, and the wise Dr. Goodenough, whose sermons +before the House of Lords elicited the lively epigram from some +Westminster boy,</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;">"'Twas well enough that Goodenough before the Lords should preach,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;">For sure enough that bad enough were those he had to teach."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Among famous lawyers, Westminster educated Lane, the eloquent defender +of Strafford; Glynne, the great Commonwealth lawyer; the Earl of +Mansfield, the pride of Westminster School, and the glory of Westminster +Hall, Lord Chief Justice of England for more than thirty years; and the +late Sir David Dundas. Among statesmen, Westminster counts the younger +Vane, whom Milton so nobly eulogizes, as</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 23em;">"young in years, but in sage counsel old,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;">Than whom no better senator e'er held</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;">The Roman helm";</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Halifax, the accomplished "Trimmer" of the Revolution, about whom you +must consult Macaulay; Warren Hastings; Sir Francis Burdett; Sir James +Graham; and John, Earl Russell.</p> + +<p>Among warriors, five of the seven officers not of royal blood who rose +to the rank of Field-Marshal between 1810 and 1856 were Westminster +boys, and one of these five was Lord Raglan.</p> + +<p>Her list of literary sons is so long that I can only name a few of the +best-known names—Rare Ben Jonson, Cowley, George Herbert, John Dryden, +Christopher Wren, John Locke, the two Colmans, Richard Cumberland, +Cowper, Gibbon, and the all-accomplished Robert Southey.</p> + +<p>The chief amusement of Westminster boys is boating; for which the +proximity of the Thames affords great advantages; also cricket, racket, +quoits, sparring, foot-races, leaping, and single-stick. The school has +always been noted, also, for the strong bond of fraternity uniting the +boys: to the end of life Westminster boys acknowledge this tie, and in +many a national crisis it has been, "All Westminsters together!"</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="THE_LOST_CHECK" id="THE_LOST_CHECK"></a>THE LOST CHECK.</h2> + +<h3>BY MRS. W. J. HAYS.</h3> + +<p>"I have hunted high and low for that check, Sam, and I can not find it."</p> + +<p>"I thought it was careless, when I saw you parading it about here."</p> + +<p>"Well, you see, I felt rich. Father never sent me such a lot of money +before."</p> + +<p>"It was your birthday, wasn't it?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, and the governor came down handsomely. He knows I am saving up for +a trip to the Adirondacks. Well, if it is gone, it is gone."</p> + +<p>"It could not go without hands; but I hope it will turn up yet. In +future you had better put such documents in a safe place."</p> + +<p>Will Benson heard this conversation between two fellow-clerks in the +warehouse where he also was employed, and it troubled him much. He was a +young fellow about fifteen or thereabouts, but so steady and reliable a +youth that already many matters of importance were intrusted to him. He +had seen Charlie Graham nourishing a check about, and had heard him +talking very largely of his plans, etc. He had also seen the valuable +bit of paper lying about, and had asked Charlie to pocket it; but he had +also seen some one else do that in a very quiet way, and it had so +peculiarly affected him that when Charlie asked him about it, he had +colored up violently, and was so confused, that had Charlie been of a +suspicious nature, he would have had good reason to suppose that Will +knew more about the affair than he cared to tell—which was the truth. +But Charlie was neither suspicious nor careful, and, in addition to +leaving the paper about, he had also indorsed it.</p> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 258px;"> +<img src="images/ill_005.jpg" width="258" height="400" alt="WILL CONSIDERS THE SITUATION." title="" /> +<span class="caption">WILL CONSIDERS THE SITUATION.</span> +</div> + +<p>Will listened to the inquiries and the comments in silence, not knowing +what to say. Had he been very impulsive, he would have come out +instantly with his suspicions; but he had a habit of reflection, and was +inclined to consider before acting or speaking. At this moment, however, +his thoughts were confused, and finding that his writing was suffering +in consequence, he thrust his pen behind his ear, and sat down on a box +at the office door to see if he could not think himself out of his +difficulty.</p> + +<p>He was quite sure that a theft had been committed, and that he had +witnessed it. What should he do?—tell Charlie Graham, have the man +arrested and sent to prison, as he deserved, or keep the matter quiet, +wait, and see how the thing would turn out?</p> + +<p>As he sat there in the soft spring morning a little bird perched itself +on a budding bough, and began to chirp. As it turned its head from side +to side, and peeped coyly at him, it reminded him, by one of those +unconscious flights of association, of another bird, which hung in a +gilded cage very near the couch of his invalid mother. He could see the +little warbler doing his best to entertain the weary moments of one who +seldom heard the wild birds, or set her foot in the woods. He could also +see the soft draperies about the window, the climbing ivy and growing +ferns, and the much-used books and work-table, and from all these homely +but precious belongings came uppermost the sweet smile of affection, the +placid face which, in spite of age and sorrow and suffering, had always +so tender a beauty for him. Quickly he turned back to his desk, and +wrote a long letter to his mother. She would set him aright, she would +solve his difficulty. Happy the boy who has such a mother!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</a></span></p> + +<p>Of course he had to wait some time for the answer, and the waiting was +tedious. Charlie gave up the check as lost, and said no more about it, +and Will took so great an aversion to the porter, who he was sure was +the thief, that he hated to come in contact with him. But the mother's +letter was worth waiting for, and Will acted on its advice.</p> + +<p>Late one afternoon he wended his way to the narrow street where lived +Grimes, the porter. It was a noisome locality. Will could not help +thinking what a contrast it was to the quiet, clean town where he was +born, and where his mother still lived! These dirty, narrow, crowded +city slums, what wonder that all sorts of crime are born in them!</p> + +<p>He found the house, and through the dark wretched stairway at last came +to a door, at which he knocked.</p> + +<p>"Come in," was the response.</p> + +<p>He entered, stumbling over heaps of unwashed clothing. Two or three +forlorn-looking children were eating at a wretchedly uninviting table in +the midst of these surroundings. A feeble-looking woman was on a bed.</p> + +<p>"Is Grimes at home?" asked Will.</p> + +<p>"No, sir, he's not; and I beg pardon for letting you come in. My washing +was half done when I was took down with a turn, and Grimes is looking +now for some one to do what I am unable to do."</p> + +<p>"Will he soon be in, do you think?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, sir; have a chair; he'll be in presently."</p> + +<p>"I will wait outside," said Will, glad of the excuse to get out. He +waited in the dim light of a dirty window outside, and wished he had +about a gallon of Cologne water at hand. Soon Grimes came, looking tired +and cross. When he saw Will he grew pale, but asked him, in a smothered +voice, what he wanted.</p> + +<p>"I have come to speak about that check of Charlie Graham's," said Will.</p> + +<p>Grimes grew red and angry, swore roundly that he knew nothing of it, and +threatened to pitch Will down stairs.</p> + +<p>Will very firmly replied that he had seen Grimes take it, and that +unless he was willing to make reparation, his employers would have to be +told of it.</p> + +<p>At this the man wavered a little, but still stoutly denied the theft. At +this moment the door, which was ajar, was pushed wider open, and the +woman's head came peering out; then the children followed, but they were +speedily sent down into the street.</p> + +<p>Grimes retreated into the room; Will followed, not without some tremors, +but that letter of his mother's was in his pocket.</p> + +<p>"Sure and are ye found out?" said the woman, impetuously. "Didn't I tell +you so? didn't I say no good could come of stalin', Grimes, my man?"</p> + +<p>Grimes tried to hush her, but she would not listen to him. She had drawn +a shawl about her, and was the picture of woe, with her pale face, her +unkempt hair, and her glittering eyes. She took Will by the hand. "As +you are a gintleman, and the son of a lady, have mercy on Grimes. If +it's the bit of paper ye want, I have it; here it is;" and she drew it +from the folds of her dress. "I knew no good could come of it, and I +would not let him use it, miserable as we are. But spare him, and God +will bless you."</p> + +<p>"I have no wish to injure him," said Will, "and my mother thinks if this +is a first offense, and he is at all sorry, I had better not make his +dishonesty known."</p> + +<p>Grimes was hanging his head in sullen silence, but at this he raised it +eagerly. "Never in my life before have I taken anything—but you see our +misery. I thought she would be the better for something this money could +buy."</p> + +<p>"Hush!" said the woman. "I might better die than live by stalin'. You +will forgive him, misther; I know you will; I see it in your kind eyes."</p> + +<p>Will promised silence, except to Charlie Graham, to whom he should be +obliged to reveal the theft, as well as to make restitution; and gladly +turned away from this scene of misery.</p> + +<p>Charlie and he had a long talk that night. They concluded to abide by +Mrs. Benson's advice.</p> + +<p>"It was very wrong as well as silly for me to leave that check where it +could tempt a poor fellow; and if it wasn't for the Adirondacks I'd send +the whole amount to Mrs. Grimes," said Charlie, generously.</p> + +<p>"No, that would not be wise," said Will; "but I tell you what, let's +club together and send her some decent food and clothing."</p> + +<p>Their kindness was not thrown away. Grimes never repeated the +wrong-doing. With better times came better health and strength for his +wife, and when Will went home for a holiday he took to his mother a bit +of Irish lace, which Mrs. Grimes had begged him to carry to her.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="A_CHEAP_CANOE" id="A_CHEAP_CANOE"></a>A CHEAP CANOE.</h2> + +<h3>BY W. P. S.</h3> + +<p>The labor and ingenuity expended in one season by a boy who has any +taste for the water in building rafts, and converting tubs and +packing-boxes into sea-going vessels, would, if well directed, build a +good-sized ship; but, from lack of knowledge and system, the results of +such attempts are generally failures.</p> + +<p>After some experience with rafts that <i>would</i> sink, scows that <i>would</i> +leak, and other craft that showed a strong preference for floating with +keels in the air, we found in the canvas canoe a boat at once handsome, +speedy, and safe, and capable of a great variety of uses, while the +small cost and easy construction place it within reach of all young +ship-builders.</p> + +<p>To produce a good canvas boat care and patience are more necessary than +great skill with tools, though it is supposed that the young mechanic +can use his rule correctly, saw to a line, and plane an edge reasonably +straight.</p> + +<p>The first proceeding in any building operation, after the plans are +decided on, is to make out a "bill of materials" and an "estimate," and +ours will read as follows:</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Keel, oak, 1 in. square, by 15 ft. long</td><td align='left'>} Sawed from an oak</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>10 rib-bands, oak, 1 x ¼ in., by 15 ft. long</td><td align='left'>} board 15 ft. X 6 in. = 7½ ft. @ 5c.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>2 gunwales, oak, 1 x ¾ in., by 15 ft. long</td><td align='left'>}</td><td align='right'>$0.38</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Keelson, 3 x 1 in., 10 ft. long.</td><td align='left'>} 10 in. pine board</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Bow, stern, coaming, and ridge pieces.</td><td align='left'>}</td><td align='right'>.35</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Moulds.</td><td align='left'>} 2 pine boards 12 x ½ in., 13 ft.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Floor boards,</td><td align='left'>} long = 26 ft.,@ 3c.</td><td align='right'>.78</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Paddle, 1¼ in. spruce plank, 6½ in. X 13 ft.</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>.25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Canvas, 5 yds., 40 in., @ 45c.</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>2.25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Canvas deck, 5 yds., 28 in., @ 25c.</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>1.25</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>1 package 1 in. No. 7 iron screws.</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>.30</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Tacks, nails, and screws.</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>.50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Rubber cloth for apron.</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>.50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sawing moulds and paddle.</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>.50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Paint.</td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>——-</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>$8.06</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Having all our material ready, it will be best to mark out the different +pieces, and have them all sawed at once by a steam-saw.</p> + +<p>Beginning with the bow and stern, we will lay off on one corner of the +ten-inch board a line two feet long, representing the dotted line +<i>c</i> <i>d</i> in Fig. 1.</p> + +<p>A line is drawn half an inch from the edge from the point 11 to 12, +making a notch for the end of the keelson; and the two feet are divided +into four parts, and perpendiculars drawn at each point.</p> + +<p>Now measure off on the line <i>a</i> <i>d</i> nine and a half inches, giving the +point <i>a</i>; on the others three and a quarter inches, an inch, and a +quarter of an inch; then draw a line from <i>a</i> to <i>c</i> through all these +points.</p> + +<p>The shape of the inner line is not important, so it may be drawn by eye, +making it thick enough for strength.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[Pg 351]</a></span></p> + +<p>As the bow and stern are alike, two of these pieces are needed.</p> + +<p>The keelson must be cut from the same board, being three inches wide at +the centre, tapering to one inch at the ends.</p> + +<p>To obtain the shapes of the moulds or sections we must enlarge Fig. 4 +four times to its full size.</p> + +<p>The horizontal lines in the drawing are one-fourth of an inch apart, so +in our large drawing they will be one inch; then taking the line marked +2 (Nos. 1 and 13 require no moulds), we find the distance of the point +<i>g</i> to be one and seven-sixteenths inches from the centre line, so we +make it four times as much, or five and three-fourths inches, and +continue with the other points until we have enough to determine the +line pretty closely, after which we join them with the line <i>g</i> <i>h</i>, +giving the shape of one-half of our first mould.</p> + +<p>The lines on the right represent the half sections in the fore end of +the boat, and those on the left the after end.</p> + +<p>When all are drawn, they should be transferred to the half-inch board, +each mould, however, being a whole and not a half section.</p> + +<p>The outline of the paddle being drawn also, all may be taken to a +saw-mill and sawn out, or else they may be sawn by hand with a +compass-saw.</p> + +<p>Having all cut out, we will first screw the bow and stern to the +keelson, and secure the three pieces on a plank set upright, the upper +edge being curved to fit the keelson, which is a little rockered.</p> + +<p>Moulds Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are next notched to fit the +varying widths of the keelson, the first and last also fitting over the +bow and stern; then they are put in place, and the gunwales notched into +them, and also into the bow and stern.</p> + +<p>The moulds for Nos. 6, 7, and 8 are sawn from three-quarter-inch oak or +ash, each being in two pieces. The inner edge of No. 6 is shown by the +dotted line K C, Fig. 4, and of Nos. 7 and 8 by <i>m</i> <i>b</i>. They are put in +place the same as the others.</p> + +<p>Now the rib-bands are planed off and tacked in place, being spaced +amidships as shown in Fig. 4; then the points where they cross the bow +and stern and all the moulds are marked, and notches one inch by +one-fourth of an inch cut to receive them, the edges of the bow and +stern being tapered off at the same time to half an inch; then all the +parts are placed in position again, and fastened with one-inch screws, +except where the keelson joins the bow, stern, and moulds, where one +inch and a half screws are used. Each screw is dipped in white lead +before inserting, and the head afterward puttied over.</p> + +<p>The highest point of the deck is at No. 6, where a deck beam is placed, +the shape of it and of the deck at No. 9 being shown in Fig. 4.</p> + +<p>The other moulds may be easily shaped by using these as guides; then +pieces two inches wide and three-fourths of an inch thick are notched +into each mould, down the centre of the deck, from No. 6 to the bow, and +from No. 9 to the stern, making a ridge over which the canvas is +stretched.</p> + +<p>A piece of one-inch pine is next set in between Nos. 9 and 6, and +screwed to each, as well as to Nos. 7 and 8 and the gunwales, and +forming the sides of the well.</p> + +<p>The frame is now carefully smoothed off, and painted with two coats; +then a floor of half-inch pine is screwed to moulds Nos. 6, 7, and 8.</p> + +<p>The canvas, forty inches wide, is first oiled, and then laid on the +frame-work, and tacked along the centre of the keelson from No. 2 to No. +12; then it is tacked lightly to the gunwales; then cut to fit the +curved bow and stern, and tacked, the edges overlapping half an inch, +after which it is stretched tightly over the gunwales, and tacked on the +<i>inside</i>.</p> + +<p>The deck is of drilling, twenty-eight inches wide, tacked around the +gunwale (a half-round head being screwed over the joint), and turned up +and tacked around the coaming, which is of three-eighth inch pine, +rising an inch and a half above the deck, and screwed to the side +pieces, mould No. 9, and the deck beam at No. 6.</p> + +<p>The keel is of straight-grained oak, one inch deep from No. 3 to No. 11, +tapering to one-half by three-eighths of an inch at the ends, and may be +soaked in hot water before bending. When cold, it is screwed to the +keelson and the bow and stern, the canvas under it being painted.</p> + +<p>The stretcher for the feet rests against a strip nailed to the floors, +and a small block on each gunwale.</p> + +<p>A half-inch hole is bored in bow and stern for the painter.</p> + +<p>The paddle is seven feet long, six and a half inches wide, and +three-sixteenths of an inch thick at the edges; the handle being an inch +and a quarter in diameter at the middle, tapering to seven-eighths where +it joins the blades. A rubber ring is slipped over each end to prevent +the water running down. In using, it is grasped about seven inches on +each side of the centre, keeping the hands about the width of the body +apart. The stroke should be as long and steady as possible.</p> + +<p>It will be found at first that the boat will rock from side to side in +paddling, and the paddle will throw some spray; but both these faults +disappear with practice, and the boat should be perfectly steady at any +speed. A slight twist as the paddle leaves the water, hard to describe, +but easily found on trial, shakes off all drip.</p> + +<p>For an apron, a strip of pine one-quarter by one and a half inches is +fastened to each side of the well by brass straps hooking over the +coaming, shown in Fig. 6.</p> + +<p>A piece of rubber cloth is gored to fit around the body, and is tacked +to each side piece, a rubber cord fastened to each strip, and running +around the front of the well, serving to keep it down, and the after +ends being tucked in between the backboard and the body, all falling off +in an upset.</p> + +<p>The backboard, Fig. 5, is seventeen inches long, the strips being two +and one-fourth inches wide, and the same distance apart; it swings on +the coaming at the back of the well.</p> + +<p>Two coats of paint should be put on, and the paddle varnished.</p> + +<p>A deck of half-inch pine, laid from No. 9 to No. 10, under the canvas, +allows the canoeist to sit on deck sometimes in paddling.</p> + +<p>In entering the boat, step in the centre (facing the bow), and, with a +hand on each gunwale, drop into the seat.</p> + +<p>When not in use the canoe should be sponged out and stored on shore.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/ill_006.jpg" width="600" height="126" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[Pg 352]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/ill_007.jpg" width="800" height="547" alt="WORKING PLANS FOR A CANVAS CANOE.—[See Pages 350 and +351." title="" /> +<span class="caption">WORKING PLANS FOR A CANVAS CANOE.—[See Pages 350 and +351.]</span> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[Pg 353]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="MAHMOUD_THE_SYCE" id="MAHMOUD_THE_SYCE"></a>MAHMOUD THE SYCE.</h2> + +<h3>BY SARA KEABLES HUNT.</h3> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 292px;"> +<img src="images/ill_008.jpg" width="292" height="400" alt="THE SYCE ON DUTY." title="" /> +<span class="caption">THE SYCE ON DUTY.</span> +</div> + +<p>One of the most novel and interesting sights which attracts the +traveller's attention when he first arrives in Egypt is the syce running +before the horses as they go through the narrow, closely packed streets. +How the crowd scatters, and the donkey-boys hustle their meek property +out of the way as one of those runners comes bounding along, shouting, +in the strange Arabic tongue, "Clear the way!" The sun shines upon his +velvet vest, glittering with its spangled trimmings, the breeze fills +the large floating sleeves till they wave backward like white wings. +Then on dash the spirited horses, dogs bark, children squeal, beggars +dodge, men swear, and women, holding their face-veil closer, ejaculate +fiercely.</p> + +<p>On springs the syce; what cares he for man or beast? while proudly +following rolls the rich equipage, or prances the Arab steed with its +turbaned rider and Oriental robes.</p> + +<p>Mahmoud, the subject of this little sketch, was the syce of a rich Pasha +in Cairo; he was a favorite with his master, and everybody loved +him—even the horses would neigh joyfully at his approach, and eat from +his hand as gently as a dog. His life was an easy one, for, being a +favorite, no arduous duties were placed upon him, and his strength was +encouraged and sustained by the master for the swift running which +commands so much admiration. So agile did he become, that no name among +the syce of Egypt was more renowned than that of Mahmoud. Often at the +latticed windows bright eyes of hidden beauties followed him through the +narrow streets, and watched for his coming as he led the way for his +master each morning in his rides. Sometimes they threaded their way +through the crowded bazars amid scenes of the <i>Arabian Nights</i>, +breathing wonderful Eastern perfumes, gazing on rare gems and exquisite +embroideries; and again, down the road to the Pyramids, with the soft +air blowing in his face, trees waving overhead, and birds singing +merrily; or, in the blood-red sunset, passing down the Choubra Road, the +fashionable drive of Cairo, with its shade of gnarled old sycamores, and +crowded with conveyances of every description. Sometimes he led the way +for the harem carriage, very proud of the honor.</p> + +<p>One morning the Pasha sat in his garden under the blossoming +orange-tree, smoking his chibouque, and talking with his friend the Bey +from Alexandria, whose horse stood in the path champing impatiently at +his bit, and held by his syce, Abdullah, in his gay costume. They talked +of politics, the condition of the country, its financial troubles; they +spoke of their religion and their mosque, of the Suez Canal, the +improvements of the city, the Khedive's new palace, their own +dwelling-places. By-and-by the conversation ran upon their horses and +their favorite syce.</p> + +<p>"Abdullah can outrun them all," said the Bey.</p> + +<p>"Not so," replied the Pasha; "my Mahmoud is the finest runner in +Cairo—ay, in all Egpyt."</p> + +<p>"Sayest thou so?" cried the Bey. "Come and let us test their skill."</p> + +<p>"Most surely," answered the Pasha, "and I will give a prize to the boy +who wins."</p> + +<p>The news soon spread over Cairo that Mahmoud and Abdullah were to run a +race, the winner to receive a costly girdle of rich embroidery, finished +with a clasp set with gems. Great was the interest, and on the day +appointed crowds assembled to see the race, gathering long before the +competitors appeared.</p> + +<p>What a motley group there was! Camels with their riders, stylish +carriages with pretty French children, rosy-cheeked English girls, +Italian singers, American officers and tourists, English lords, wild +desert Arabs, swarthy-faced fellaheen, pistachio and pea-nut dealers, +donkey-boys, beggars, and peddlers. A Turkish band played a quick +reveille. Here they come! The crowd cheers—the signal is given—they +are off! The general sympathy is with Mahmoud, but Abdullah is a strong +fellow, of tremendous muscle, more experience, and mighty will, so that +little Mahmoud has a rival of no mean powers.</p> + +<p>Every eye is fixed upon those two figures, side by side, leaping onward +in graceful bounds. Forward they fly, past the cotton field, around the +curved path; but look!— Abdullah is ahead; Mahmoud seems far behind. +The band plays quicker. Abdullah is flying; he will win; he— But no; +Mahmoud is gaining; he nears his rival. Abdullah sees and strains every +nerve, but in vain. Mahmoud swings his light wand over his head, and +shoots by like an arrow. It is over; the goal is reached. Mahmoud has +won, and amid the loud cheers of the crowd the Pasha descends from his +carriage, and places the glittering sash around the victor's waist. +Abdullah approaches, gives his successful rival a hearty salam, which +awakens fresh applause. Somebody scatters a shower of gold coins over +them, and the crowd disperses.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[Pg 354]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h4><a name="CAMBRIDGE_SERIES" id="CAMBRIDGE_SERIES"></a>[<i>By special arrangement with the author, the cards contributed to this +useful series, by <span class="smcap">W. J. Rolfe, A.M.</span>, formerly Head-Master of the +Cambridge High School, will, for the present, first appear in <span class="smcap">Harper's +Young People</span>.</i>]</h4> + +<h2>CAMBRIDGE SERIES</h2> + +<h2>OF</h2> + +<h2>INFORMATION CARDS FOR SCHOOLS.</h2> + +<h3>The English Language.</h3> + +<h4>BY</h4> + +<h3>W. J. ROLFE, A.M.</h3> + +<p>The inscription on the Soldiers' Monument in Boston, written by the +President of Harvard College, has been much admired. It reads thus:</p> + +<p class="center">TO THE MEN OF BOSTON</p> +<p class="center">WHO DIED FOR THEIR COUNTRY</p> +<p class="center">ON LAND AND SEA IN THE WAR</p> +<p class="center">WHICH KEPT THE UNION WHOLE</p> +<p class="center">DESTROYED SLAVERY</p> +<p class="center">AND MAINTAINED THE CONSTITUTION</p> +<p class="center">THE GRATEFUL CITY</p> +<p class="center">HAS BUILT THIS MONUMENT</p> +<p class="center">THAT THEIR EXAMPLE MAY SPEAK</p> +<p class="center">TO COMING GENERATIONS</p> + +<p>What is to be said is here said in the simplest way. There is no waste +of words, no attempt at display. It is a model of good English, brief, +clear, and strong. If a school-boy had written it, he would have thought +it a fine chance for using big words. He would have said, "The citizens +of Boston who sacrificed their lives," not "the men who died"; and +"preserved the integrity of the Union," not "kept the Union whole"; and +"erected," not "built." And some men who have written much in newspapers +and books would have made the same mistake of choosing long words where +short ones give the sense as well or better.</p> + +<p>A great preacher once said that he made it a rule never to use a word of +three or two syllables when a word of two syllables or one syllable +would convey the thought as well; and the rule is a good one. In reading +we want to get at the sense through the words; and the less power the +mind has to spend on the words, the more it has left for the thought +that lies behind them. Here the simple words that we have known and used +from childhood are the ones that hinder us least. We see through them at +once, and the thought is ours with the least possible labor.</p> + +<p>Those who urge the use of simple English often lay stress on choosing +"Saxon" rather than "Classical" words, and it is well to know what this +means.</p> + +<p>The English is a mixed language, made up from various sources. Its +history is the history of the English race, and the main facts are +these:</p> + +<p>Britain was first peopled, so far as we know, by men of the Celtic (or +Keltic) race, of which the native Irish are types. The names of the +rivers, mountains, and other natural features of the land are mostly +Celtic, just as in this country they are mostly Indian. About fifty +years before the Christian era the Romans conquered Britain, and held it +for about 500 years. They brought in the Latin language; but few traces +of it now remain except in the names of certain towns and cities. The +mass of the people kept their old Celtic tongue. Between the years 450 +and 550 <span class="smcap">a.d.</span> Britain was invaded and conquered by German tribes, chiefly +Angles and Saxons. It now became <i>Angleland</i>, or <i>England</i>; and the +language became what is called <i>Anglo-Saxon</i>, except in the mountains of +Wales and of Scotland, where Celtic is found to this day. In the ninth +and tenth centuries the Danes invaded England, and ruled it for a time, +but they caused no great change in the language. In the year 1066 the +Norman Conquest took place, and William the Conqueror became King of +England. Large numbers of the Norman French came with him, and French +became the language of the court and of the nobility. By degrees our +English language grew out of the blending of the Anglo-Saxon of the +common people and the Norman French of their new rulers, the former +furnishing most of the <i>grammar</i>, the latter supplying many of the +<i>words</i>. Now the French was of Latin origin, and the English thus got an +important Latin or "Classical" element, which has since been increased +by the adding of many Greek and Latin words, especially scientific and +technical terms.</p> + +<p>The two great events in the history of the English language, as of the +English people, are the Saxon and the Norman conquests. To the former it +owes its grammatical frame-work, or skeleton; to the latter much of its +vocabulary, or the flesh that fills out the living body.</p> + +<p>It must not be inferred that our grammar is just like the Anglo-Saxon +because this is the <i>basis</i> of it. The Anglo-Saxon had many more +<i>inflections</i> (case-endings of nouns and pronouns, etc.) than the +French, and in the forming of English most of these were dropped, +prepositions and auxiliaries coming to be used instead. It was not until +about <span class="smcap">a.d.</span> 1550 that the language had become in the main what it now is. +Some words have since been lost, and many have been added, but its +grammar has changed very little. Our version of the Bible, published in +1611, shows what English then was (and had been for fifty years or +more), and has done much to keep it from further change.</p> + +<p>As a rule the most common words—those that chiefly make up the language +of childhood and of every-day life—are Saxon; and very many of them are +words of one syllable. In the inscription above, every monosyllable is +Saxon, with <i>Boston</i>, <i>grateful</i>, and <i>coming</i>; the rest are French or +Latin. In the case of pairs of words having the same meaning, one is +likely to be Saxon, the other Classical. Thus <i>happiness</i> is Saxon, +<i>felicity</i> is French; <i>begin</i> is Saxon, <i>commence</i> is French; <i>freedom</i> +is Saxon, <i>liberty</i> is French, etc. The Saxon is often to be preferred, +though not always; but, as has been implied above, if a short and simple +word conveys our meaning, we should never put it aside for a longer and +less familiar one. In such cases the chances are that the former is +Saxon, and the latter Classical. Thus above, <i>citizens</i>, <i>sacrificed</i>, +<i>preserved</i>, <i>integrity</i>, and <i>erected</i> are all Classical.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="THE_STORY_OF_GEORGE_WASHINGTON" id="THE_STORY_OF_GEORGE_WASHINGTON"></a>THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON.</h2> + +<h3>BY EDWARD C. CARY.</h3> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Chapter III</span>.</h3> + +<p>Washington spent about nine months with the army around Boston. Several +times he was ready to attack the British, and to try and drive them from +the city; but his officers were afraid the army was not strong enough. +So Washington had to wait and watch—he had a good deal of waiting and +watching to do all through the war, for that matter. At last, in March, +1776, the Americans around Boston having gradually pushed closer and +closer, the British found that they must either leave or fight. Their +General did not feel strong enough to fight, so he put his men on ships +and sailed away to Halifax. Of course the Americans were greatly +rejoiced. Washington got much praise, and deserved it, for he had shown +great good judgment and skill in his management of the army.</p> + +<p>Washington knew that the British would soon come back, and thought they +would come to New York. So he took nearly all his army, and marched them +westward to that city.</p> + +<p>Early in July the British came, as Washington had expected, and made +their camp on the beautiful hillsides of Staten Island. They brought +with them what they called propositions for peace. These were simply +offers to pardon the Americans for resisting the British tax laws, if +they would now obey them. But this would only have left things exactly +as they were in the beginning; it came too late. The Americans had +already made up their minds that they would not obey the British laws +which taxed them, nor any laws of Great Britain, but that in the future +they would make their own laws in such manner as seemed to them most +just. This purpose was written out in a long paper called the +Declaration of Independence, and was signed on the Fourth of July, 1776, +by the members of Congress. General Washington caused the Declaration of +Independence to be read to his soldiers. "Now," he said to them, "the +peace and safety of our country depend, under God, solely on the success +of our arms," and he appealed to "every officer and soldier to act with +fidelity and courage."</p> + +<p>The year 1776 was a very gloomy one. All efforts to hold New York +failed. A hard battle was fought around Brooklyn (August 27), and the +Americans were badly beaten. Washington had to give up New York, and +content himself with trying to keep the British from going to +Philadelphia. Late in the fall he got across the Delaware River, with +the British close on his heels. Soon the river filled with ice, as the +cold weather came on, and the two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[Pg 355]</a></span> armies lay one on one side and the +other on the other. The American troops had dwindled away until there +were only about three thousand of them.</p> + +<p>Washington resolved that something must be done to raise the spirits of +the country, or the people would lose all hope of resisting the British +with success. At Trenton, on the opposite side from his own army, lay a +force of Hessians, who were German soldiers, hired by Great Britain to +come to America to fight, and Washington formed the plan of capturing +them.</p> + +<p>On Christmas-eve, 1776, he crossed the Delaware with 2400 men. The night +was bitterly cold; a pelting hail-storm was falling; ice in great blocks +was running down the stream, and hindered the boats, so that the army +did not get across until four o'clock in the morning. Then the soldiers +formed in ranks in the darkness, and being divided into two parties, +started for Trenton, nine miles below. Washington led one of the +parties, and General Sullivan the other. As they plodded along through +the hail and snow, some of the men, exhausted, fell by the road-side, +and of these two froze to death before they could be rescued.</p> + +<p>As the men under Washington reached Trenton, and began to capture the +Hessian soldiers set as sentinels to watch the road, they heard firing +on the other side of the town, and knew that Sullivan's men had come up. +Then both parties rushed swiftly toward the centre of the town, and with +very little bloodshed a thousand prisoners were taken. This was a great +success of itself, and had the effect which Washington had hoped for: it +gave the whole country new courage.</p> + +<p>Washington then started back toward New York, and so rapid was his march +that the British commander became frightened lest the Americans should +retake the city, and he too went quickly back, and gave up all thought +of reaching Philadelphia that year.</p> + +<h4>[<span class="smcap">to be continued</span>.]</h4> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="A_DISOBEDIENT_SOLDIER" id="A_DISOBEDIENT_SOLDIER"></a>A DISOBEDIENT SOLDIER.</h2> + +<h3>BY DAVID KER.</h3> + +<p>"Now, lads, there's the battery; remember the Emperor himself is +watching you, and carry it in true French style. The moment you get into +it, make yourselves fast against attack; and mind that any man who comes +out again to pick up the wounded, even though I myself should be among +them, shall be tried for disobedience as soon as the battle's over."</p> + +<p>So spoke Colonel Lasalle to his French grenadiers just before the final +charge that decided the battle of Wagram. Then he waved his sword, and +shouted, "<i>En avant!</i>"</p> + +<p>Forward swept the grenadiers like a torrent, with the shout which the +Austrians opposed to them already knew to their cost. Through blinding +smoke and pelting shot they rushed headlong on, with mouths parched, +faces burning, and teeth set like a vise. Ever and anon a red flash rent +the murky cloud around them, and the cannon-shot came tearing through +their ranks, mowing them down like grass. But not a man flinched, for +the same thought was in every mind, that they were fighting under the +eye of their "Little Corporal," as they affectionately called the +terrible Napoleon.</p> + +<p>Suddenly the smoke parted, and right in front of them appeared the dark +muzzles of cannon, and the white uniforms of Austrian soldiers. One last +shout, which rose high above all the roar of the battle, the bayonets +went glittering over the breastwork like the spray of a breaking wave, +and the battery was won.</p> + +<p>"Where's the Colonel?" cried a voice, suddenly.</p> + +<p>There was no answer. The handful of men that remained of the doomed band +looked meaningly at each other, but no one spoke. Strict disciplinarian +as he was, seldom passing a day without punishing some one, the old +Colonel had nevertheless won his men's hearts completely by his reckless +courage in battle; and every man in the regiment would gladly have +risked his life to save that of "the old growler," as they called him.</p> + +<p>But if he were not with them, where was he? Outside the battery the +whole ground was scourged into flying jets of dust by a storm of bullets +from the fight that was still raging on the left. In such a cross-fire +it seemed as if nothing living could escape, and if he had fallen +<i>there</i>, there was but little hope for him.</p> + +<p>"<i>I</i> see him!" cried a tall grenadier. "He's lying out yonder, and +alive, too, for I saw him wave his hand just now. I'll have him here in +five minutes, boys, or be left there beside him."</p> + +<p>"But you mustn't disobey orders, Dubois," said a young Captain (now the +oldest surviving officer, so terrible had been the havoc), hoping by +this means to stop the reckless man from rushing upon certain death. +"Remember what the Colonel told you—that even if he <i>were</i> left among +the wounded, no one must go out to pick them up."</p> + +<p>"I can't help that," answered the soldier, laying down his musket and +tightening the straps of his cross-belts. "Captain, report Private +Dubois for insubordination and breach of discipline. I'm going out to +bring in the Colonel."</p> + +<p>And he stepped forth unflinchingly into the deadly space beyond.</p> + +<p>They saw him approach the spot where the Colonel lay; they saw him bend +over the fallen man, shielding him from the shot with his own body. Then +he was seen to stagger suddenly, as if from a blow; but the next moment +he had the Colonel in his arms, and was struggling back over the +shot-torn ground, through the dying and the dead. Twice he stopped +short, as if unable to go farther; but on he came again, and had just +laid his officer gently down inside the battery, when, with his +comrades' shout of welcome still ringing in his ears, he fell fainting +to the earth, covered with blood.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>By the next morning Colonel Lasalle had recovered sufficiently to amaze +the whole regiment by putting under arrest the man who had saved his +life; but the moment it was done, the Colonel mounted his horse, and +rode off to head-quarters at full gallop. In about an hour he was seen +coming back again, side by side with a short, square-built man in a gray +coat and cocked hat, at sight of whom the soldiers burst into deafening +cheers, for he was no other than the Emperor Napoleon.</p> + +<p>"Let me see this fellow," said Napoleon, sternly; and two grenadiers led +forward Pierre Dubois, so weak from his wounds that he could hardly +stand.</p> + +<p>"So, fellow, thou hast dared to disobey orders, ha?" cried the Emperor, +in his harshest tones.</p> + +<p>"I have, sire. And if it were to be done again, I'd do it."</p> + +<p>"And what if we were to shoot thee for insubordination?"</p> + +<p>"My life is your Majesty's, now as always," answered the grenadier, +boldly. "And if I must choose between dying myself and leaving my +Colonel to die, the old regiment can better spare a common fellow like +me than a brave officer like him."</p> + +<p>A sudden spasm shook the old Colonel's iron face as he listened, and +even Napoleon's stern gray eyes softened as few men had ever seen them +soften yet.</p> + +<p>"Thou'rt wrong <i>there</i>," said he, "for I would not give a 'common fellow' +of thy sort for twenty Colonels, were every one of them as good as my +old Lasalle here. Take this, <i>Sergeant</i> Dubois"—and he fastened his own +cross of the Legion of Honor to Pierre's breast. "I warrant me thou'lt +be a Colonel thyself one of these days."</p> + +<p>And sure enough, five years later, Pierre Dubois was not only a Colonel, +but a General.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[Pg 356]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 433px;"> +<img src="images/ill_009.jpg" width="433" height="600" alt="READY TO MOVE—MAY-DAY IN THE CITY." title="" /> +<span class="caption">READY TO MOVE—MAY-DAY IN THE CITY.</span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="THE_NAUGHTY_CUCKOO_AND_THE_BOBOLINKS" id="THE_NAUGHTY_CUCKOO_AND_THE_BOBOLINKS"></a>THE NAUGHTY CUCKOO AND THE BOBOLINKS.</h2> + +<h3>BY AGNES CARR.</h3> + +<p>Spring had come, with its buds and blossoms, warm bright days and gentle +showers, and the old apple-tree at the end of the garden was putting on +its new spring dress of green leaves and tiny pink buds, which before +long would open into sweet blossoms, and still later turn into ripe +golden fruit, when a pair of Bobolinks came flying through the garden +one fine morning house-hunting, or rather looking for a nice place to +build a nest and go to housekeeping.</p> + +<p>"Here is a good spot," said the little husband, whose name was Robert, +perching on a limb of the old apple-tree and poking his bill into a +crotch formed by a crooked branch.</p> + +<p>"So it is," said Linny, his wife, "for the leaves will soon be out and +hide the nest from sight:" and they began to chatter so fast about the +nice home they would have there, that it sounded like nothing but +"Bob-o-link, bob-o-link, spink, spank, spink," so that two little girls +who were playing with their dolls under the tree said, "What a noise +those Bobolinks make! what are they chattering so about?"</p> + +<p>Soon, however, they saw the little birds flying back and forth, back and +forth, with bits of hair and straw in their bills, and then they said to +one another, "The Bobolinks are building a nest," and they hung pieces +of cotton and bunches of thread on the lower limbs of the tree, and +watched to see Robert carry them off to weave into the outside of the +nest, while Linny made a soft lining of hair inside. And at last the +little home was finished, and three pretty eggs laid snugly inside; when +one day, while Robert and Linny had gone to stretch their wings by a +short flight around the garden, an ugly old Cuckoo, who had seen the +Bobolinks flying in and out of the tree, came and laid a big egg in the +nest; for Cuckoos are lazy birds, and never build houses for themselves, +but steal places to lay their eggs, and let somebody else take care of +their children.</p> + +<p>Now Robert and Linny had never been to school, and could not count; so +when they came back they did not notice that there were four eggs in the +nest instead of three, and Linny settled down on them, quite happy, +while Robert sang a merry song to her, all about birds and flowers, and +brought her nice fat worms and flies to eat, and was just the best +little Bobolink husband in the whole garden.</p> + +<p>And after a while a faint "<i>peep-peep</i>" was heard, the eggs all cracked, +and out came four little blind birdies, without any feathers, and ugly +enough, you would have said, but their papa and mamma thought them +lovely. One, however, was as large as the other three put together, and +took up so much room that Linny said: "Oh dear, we have made the nest +too small! When the children grow larger, some will be crowded out."</p> + +<p>"That is strange," said Robert, "for it is the same size as the other +Bobolinks have built, and they have plenty of room."</p> + +<p>"Yes, but just see how big one of the babies is," said Linny.</p> + +<p>Just then Robert saw the Cuckoo on a tree near by, winking one eye, and +laughing until her sides shook, and exclaimed: "I see how it is: that +old thief of a Cuckoo has laid an egg in our nest. I will throw her ugly +child out, and she can look after it herself;" and he made a dive for +the little Cuckoo, but Linny caught him by his tail-feathers, saying:</p> + +<p>"No, no; poor little fellow, he will die if you throw him on the ground. +Let him stay until he gets too big for the nest."</p> + +<p>So the Cuckoo staid. But he was a very bad bird, for after a while, when +he and the little Bobolinks got their eyes open, and had nice coats of +feathers, he would peck at his companions, and take away all the best +bits of bread and fattest worms that their papa and mamma brought them +home for dinner, and was so cross and greedy that Robert would have +pitched him out on the grass if Linny had not begged he might stay a +little longer, and tried to make him behave better.</p> + +<p>The apple-tree was now covered with pink and white blossoms, which grew +around the little nest and made it like a bower. And now the birdies +were learning to fly, and could go to the outer branches of the tree, +where they sat in a row, while their father taught them how to sing.</p> + +<p>"Bob-o-link, bob-o-link, spink, spank, spink," sang Robert. And<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[Pg 357]</a></span> the +little ones, who could not speak plain, all repeated, "Bob-o-link, +bob-o-link, pink, pank, pink"—all except the biggest bird, who would +only say, "Cuckoo, cuckoo," in a harsh voice.</p> + +<p>At last, one day, Robert said, "Now, children, you are old enough to +leave the tree, and to-day you must begin to go a little way into the +garden."</p> + +<p>"Yes," said their mother, "but take care, and never sit on the ground, +for there is a great yellow cat who will surely eat you up."</p> + +<p>"We will be very careful," said all the little Bobolinks.</p> + +<p>After Billy, Bobby, and Jenny, as well as Cuckoo, had had their feathers +brushed nice and smooth, they were sent out to try their wings; but the +Cuckoo was stronger, and could fly farther than the Bobolinks.</p> + +<p>Bobby flew over to the fence, to see what was on the other side, and the +first thing he spied was the yellow cat creeping slowly along, and she +fixed her eyes right on him. He tried to fly back, but just then the +Cuckoo came behind, and gave him a push which sent him fluttering to the +ground, right in front of Mrs. Pussie. Poor Bobby gave himself up for +lost; but as the cat was about to spring on him, a great dog came +bounding across the yard, which sent the cat scampering off in a hurry, +and saved Bobby, who hastened home as fast as his little wings could +carry him.</p> + +<p>"Pshaw!" said the Cuckoo; "I thought there would be one out of the nest. +But there is the cat under a bush, and Jenny is tilting on a twig just +above, without seeing her." So the naughty bird flew to the rose-bush, +and said, "Jenny, you look as if you were having a nice time."</p> + +<p>"I am," said Jenny; "but don't come on this twig, it won't hold you."</p> + +<p>"Oh yes, it will," said Cuckoo, leaning on the slender spray, which +broke, and fell with Jenny, who was too frightened to fly; and quick as +lightning the cat seized and carried her off in her mouth.</p> + +<p>"Ha, ha, ha," laughed Cuckoo; "there will be room in the nest now." But +at that moment the two little girls came out of the house, saw the cat +with the bird, and made her drop Jenny on the grass. She was not much +hurt, and they carried her gently back to the apple-tree, and gave her +to her papa and mamma. The Cuckoo then went to look for Billy; but as he +was passing the flower garden he saw a juicy white angle-worm lying in a +bed of violets, and feeling hungry, stopped to take a little lunch.</p> + +<p>The worm was very nice, and Cuckoo enjoyed it very much, when, just as +he was swallowing the last morsel, the cat came stealing softly from +under a wood-pile, and thinking if birds could lunch on worms, she could +lunch on birds, pounced upon Cuckoo, and carried him off; and nothing +more was ever seen of him, except a few feathers scattered near the door +of the wood-shed. These Billy saw, and went home to tell the sad story.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[Pg 358]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 695px;"> +<img src="images/ill_010.jpg" width="596" height="1000" alt="ROBINSON CRUSOE JAP." title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="OUR_POST_OFFICE_BOX" id="OUR_POST_OFFICE_BOX"></a> +<img src="images/ill_011.jpg" width="600" height="258" alt="OUR POST-OFFICE BOX." title="" /> +</div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Oriskany, New York</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am a little boy, and I take <span class="smcap">Young People</span>, which I like very +much. I enjoy reading the children's letters, and I want to tell +you about my squirrel that I caught the 26th of March, while +hunting with one of my playmates. His dog chased it into a hollow +stump. He put his hat on top of the slump, and we built a little +fire at the bottom, and the smoke drove the squirrel into the hat. +I carried it home, and a few days ago I found in the cage five +little baby squirrels. One of them died, but I hope the rest will +live. I think they will, for their mother takes good care of them. +I feed her with all kinds of nuts, and she is getting very tame.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Alfred H. H.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Lansing, Michigan</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I think that <span class="smcap">Young People</span> is a very nice paper. I am making a +collection of birds' eggs, shells, stones, and other curiosities. +Papa made me a birthday present of some minerals, nicely labelled. +I saw some willow "pussies" on March 21. Now we have robins, +bluebirds, blackbirds, and many other birds singing. We have a +great deal of fun with "Misfits," given in <span class="smcap">Young People</span> No. 22.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Jessie I. B.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Brooklyn, New York</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I have been very sick, and can not go to school, so I will write +you about my turtles. I brought them from Kiskatom last summer. +There were five, but the smallest one died. The largest was two +inches long, and the smallest one only an inch and a quarter. They +are in the cellar, in a tub half filled with mud and water, in +which they buried themselves last fall. I am anxious to see if +they will come out again this spring. I fed them on flies and +earth-worms, and they became very tame. I am going to take them +back to their native place this summer, and let them go.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Eddie W.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Cardiff, South Wales, England</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I read <span class="smcap">Harper's Weekly</span> and <span class="smcap">Young People</span> in a subscription +reading-room opposite my house, and some time ago I saw an +invitation to English boys to write, which invitation I beg to +accept. You invited correspondents to write about their pets. I +have a paroquet. It was brought me by a captain. It was captured +in India. It can not quite talk, but I often think it tries to. It +imitates my whistle very well. Its usual note is a sort of +chirping whistle. It always knows when meal-times are, and cries +out until it has a share. About ten o'clock in the morning it +becomes very talkative in its own language, and I answer it.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Lewis G. D.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am a little girl seven years old. I go to a lovely place on the +sea-shore in summer. Crabbing is the best fun you can have there. +It is best to go on a rainy day. You take a crab-net, which is a +long pole with an iron ring at one end, and a net dropping from +it. Another person takes a line with some meat on it, and lets it +down into the water. When the crab comes to eat, you catch it with +the net. I went crabbing with my nurse one day, and we caught a +peach-basketful of crabs.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">N D.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Greenville, Ohio</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I want to tell you about some Punch-and-Judy figures I made +myself. I give a Punch-and-Judy show every Saturday, and I make +from five to ten cents each time. The boys tease me to play it all +the time. I am eleven years old, and I can play Punch and Judy +very well.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Willie G. H.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Hartford, Connecticut</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I was very much interested in Gertrude Balch's letter in No. 17, +because her name is the same as my own. I have a little brother, +who asks every day if that is not the day for <span class="smcap">Young People</span> to +come. At grandma's, where I am visiting, there are two cats, named +Nancy and John, and my aunt has an Esquimaux dog that is very +large and handsome. He sleeps under my bed every night. I wish +some little girl would please tell me how I can tame birds.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Daisie Balch</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I thought, perhaps, you would like a letter from Tallahoma, +Tennessee; and I want to tell you that <span class="smcap">Young People</span> is a very +welcome visitor at our house. The story "Across the Ocean" is just +splendid. Spring is here. Peach-trees were in bloom before the +middle of March, and now we have a great many flowers.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Robert H. D.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Brookside Farm, Missouri</span>, <i>March 30, 1880</i>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I heard a whip-poor-will this morning for the first time this +year, and would be very glad if others would inform me if they +have heard the bird this spring. I heard a cat-bird trilling its +notes about a week ago, and bluebirds, martins, and other birds +have made their appearance. Pewits are building their nests. +Brother Le Verne gets <span class="smcap">Young People</span>, and we have all the numbers +published. We all like it very much. I like the articles on +natural history best, and as I have seen some of the animals +described, it makes it more interesting to me.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Wroton K.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Chambersburg, Pennsylvania</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am very fond of reading; and when I go to my father's office +every Wednesday evening to get <span class="smcap">Young People</span>, the first thing I +look at is the Post-office Department. Nearly all of your +correspondents have pets. I have a dear little dog named Sport. He +is very playful and mischievous, and is exceedingly fond of taffy +and pea-nuts.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Emma M.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Angels Camp, California</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>We like <span class="smcap">Young People</span> ever so much. Mamma reads us the stories. I +read the letters, and try to find out the puzzles. I have a pet +dog named Rover. He plays hide-and-seek with me; and he will eat +corn like a dog I read about in the Post-office of No. 18. My +little sister has a pet hen named Tansie, and a boy who lives next +door has two guinea-pigs.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Willie H. C.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Wilmington, Delaware</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I was nine years old last October. Papa subscribed for <span class="smcap">Young +People</span> for my New-Year's gift for 1880, and I like it so much! The +puzzles are very interesting, and make many a pleasant evening for +us children. I think the story of "A Boy's First Voyage" is grand. +I have had two pets this winter—a beautiful English rabbit and a +very handsome kitty. Kitty can open any of the doors in the house +that has a latch, and walk in as independent as you please. Bunny +was very jealous of her, and would chase her and tease her so that +I gave him to Cousin Georgie, for kitty had the oldest right. Now +she has three of the fattest little baby kittens you ever saw. +When they begin to run around, they will make lots of sport for +us. Old kitty has to give them several boxings a day with her paw.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Stimmie H. C.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Fairfield, New York</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am eight years old. My sister Fannie and I have a pet cat. We +were all at tea one evening, when we heard the piano in the other +room. We ran in there, and kitty was sitting on the stool playing +her best piece.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Jessie V. W.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Farmington, Maine</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am a little girl eleven years old. I have a cat named P. T. +Barnum. He always knows when the meat-man comes. Even if he is +asleep, he will wake up, and begin to cry until he gets a piece of +meat. He is a very handsome Maltese. I call him P. T.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Mabel S.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Edgewood Plantation, Louisiana</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am a little girl eight years old, and I live on the banks of the +Mississippi River. My mamma takes <span class="smcap">Young People</span> for me. I ride a +pony to school every day. I wanted to tell you about my pets, and +my dolls too, but I must not make my first letter too long.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Lizzie C. M.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>The two following communications were written in big capitals:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">New York City</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>There was a little girl who had four dolls. One of them was +French; the other three were wax. There was a parrot in the house +where the little girl lived. This little girl had a nurse she +loved very much. The little girl had a brother whose name was +Harry. He had a little boat that went by steam. He sailed it in +the bath-tub.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Bessie Hyde</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Brooklyn, New York</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I have two canary-birds, but one of them will not sing. I had two +pretty little guinea-pigs, but a big dog killed one of them, and +ate it up. I am glad when the newsman brings <span class="smcap">Young People</span>. Mamma +reads all the stories to me.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Nannie Hayes</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">St. Louis, Missouri</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am eight years old. I am sick now with the measles, and mamma +has read all the stories in the last <span class="smcap">Young People</span> to me. I wish +the next one would come. I have a little dog named Frolic. He will +sit up, and turn over, and speak for something to eat.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Ned Bishop</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Boston, Massachusetts</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>My name is "Wee Tot." My papa writes this letter for me. By-and-by +I will write myself. I have shells, and ocean mosses, and stuffed +birds that don't sing, and a big owl, and some alligators, +and—oh! I don't know—lots of things. I wish some little boy or +girl would send me some pressed flowers and grasses, and some +pretty stones and leaves. Then I will send them some of my pretty +things. I will put them in a tin case, and papa will send them in +the Post-office.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">"Wee Tot" Brainard</span>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;">257 Washington Street (Room 20), Boston.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I see the children telling about their pets. I have a little dog +that can turn somersaults. He shuts doors when you tell him to, +and gives you his paw if you ask him in French. He is a black and +tan. Then I have a pet kitten, and I tie a blue ribbon round its +neck. It jumps through my arms; but it is too fond of staying out +all night on the fences. I have seventeen dolls. The largest is a +Japanese baby, and is as large as a live one. Another doll is nine +years old, and is named Shawnee. I have a very large baby-house. I +wrote to Mamie Jones, and sent her some flower seeds to exchange. +Will some other little girl exchange some with me?</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Gussie Sharp</span>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;">438 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, New York.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I live in Springwells, Detroit, Michigan. I have a little dog +named Phanor. He is not as big as a rabbit. Je parle Français +aussi bien que l'Anglais.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Marcel Ferrand</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>If "Genevieve" will wait until summer, I will be very glad to +exchange some of our pressed flowers for hers.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Bessie Barney</span>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;">142 Lake Street, Cleveland, Ohio.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>If "Genevieve," of Galt, California, will send me her address, I +will be pleased to exchange specimens of pressed flowers with her.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Lou Porter</span>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;">Corry, Erie Co., Pennsylvania.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Miss Rosenbaum, of Raleigh, North Carolina, wishes for "Genevieve's" +address, for the purpose of exchanging pressed flowers with her.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>If "Genevieve" will send me her address, I will send her a bouquet +when our flowers bloom.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Maggie E. Deardorff</span>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;">Canal Dover, Ohio.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><i>April 8, 1880</i>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am a little girl eleven years old. I was out in the woods +to-day, and I found this little hepatica which I send you. +Although I live farther north than many of the children, I have +found a spring flower as early as most of them. If that little +girl named Genevieve, in California, will send me her address, I +will be very glad to exchange pressed flowers with her.</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Jessie Kilborn</span>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;">Petoskey, Michigan.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Detroit, Michigan</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I thought I would tell you about our goat Minnie. She is one year +and a half old, and is pure white. In the winter we hitch her to a +little sleigh, and she pulls us all around. She runs on the +curb-stone very fast, and does not fall off, and what we think +very strange is that she will come to no one but me. She plays +cross-tag with us, and when she is "it," no one can tag her back. +Will you please tell me in what month the crow builds its nest?</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Joseph E. G.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The crow makes its nest at the beginning of warm weather. In England it +is often at work collecting sticks by the first of April, but in this +country, especially in the northern portion, it rarely begins its labors +before the last of May. Its nest is in the top of very high trees, and +when viewed from below resembles a shapeless bundle of sticks, but the +inner nest, which is made of hair and wool, is a beautifully smooth and +soft resting-place for the five green, spotted eggs. Young crows are +very ugly and awkward, and make a singular noise like a cry, but they +are very easily tamed, and make very affectionate although mischievous +pets.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">W. M. Chapman</span>.—"<i>Zoe mou, sas agapo</i>" the refrain of Byron's poem to +the "Maid of Athens," means "My life, I love you."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ernest K.</span>—The letter you inquire about is genuine, as are all the +others we print.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mabel G. H.</span>—You will find the recipe of a pot-pourri in the <span class="smcap">Bazar</span> for +February 2, 1878.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Emma S.</span> and <span class="smcap">Lyman C.</span>—A pretty ornamental cover for <span class="smcap">Young People</span> will be +ready on the conclusion of the first volume.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Lily B.</span>—If your poor canary allows you to handle it, you can hold it +for a moment in tepid water, which will refresh it very much.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Tecumseh, Michigan</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I like to draw the "Wiggles" in <span class="smcap">Young People</span>. We have a little +black pony, and we call him "Nig." When he is hungry, he paws with +his foot. I am twelve years old. Will you please tell me what +fid-dle-de-dee is in French?</p></div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Nellie M. C.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<p>There is no French translation of that word. If a Frenchman wished to +express the same idea, he would probably shrug his shoulders and say, +"Bah!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[Pg 359]</a></span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Favors are acknowledged from Charlie Markward, Bessie H. S., Johnnie S., +K. V. L., Perley B. T., R. Crary, Charles W. L., James B. E., Marion +King, Bessie Longnecker, T. Horton, Lourina C., George Paul, T. H. V. +T., Willie, Tom W. S., Miss E. P., Carrie Rauchfuss, Ida King, Willie +Orcutt, M. L. Cornell, Mamie H., Elvira D. H., Rita F. Morris, Carrie H. +and Olive R., Carrie Pope, E. M. Rosenberg, Louie, Edith W.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Correct answers to puzzles are received from Frank MacDavitt, Louisa +Gates, William S., T. K. Durham, H. F. Phillips, Emma L. C., W. G. +Warner, Willie H. Lane, "Tout ou rien," John Inghram, Jun., Mary +Kingsbury, Jennie, George Fisher, Reginald F., "Hope," Lloyd Clark, +Marion Norcross, Rosie Macdonald, Marie M., Jennie Yatman, Mary Randol, +Emma Schaffer, Katie Gould, Emily Theberath, L. Mahler, Cora Frost, W. +Kenney, Lizzie Chapman, Nellie W. and Birdie S., J. B. Whitlock, William +and Mary Tiddy, W. S. Naldrett, J. R. Glen, E. A. Cushing, Gertrude R.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>PUZZLES FROM YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS.</h3> + +<h3>No. 1.</h3> + +<h3>ENIGMA.</h3> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My first is in run, but not in walk.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My second is in shout, but not in talk.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My third is in barn, but not in house.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My fourth is in pheasant, and also in grouse.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My fifth is in April, but not in May.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My sixth is in night, but not in day.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My seventh is in bud, but not in flower.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My eighth is in rain, and also in shower.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My ninth is in flute, but not in fife.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My tenth is in cousin, but not in wife.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My eleventh is in circle, but not in ring.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My whole was the name of a Scottish king.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">W. K.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>No. 2.</h3> + +<h3>RIDDLE.</h3> + +<p class="center">What familiar motto is composed of four E's, three M's, two R's, and one +B?</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">C. L. S.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>No. 3.</h3> + +<h3>NUMERICAL CHARADE.</h3> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">I am composed of 14 letters.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 13, 14, 12, 10 is seen at night.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 9, 11, 8 is a resting-place.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 10, 12, 14 is a troublesome animal.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 3, 12, 1, 2, 5 is a title.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 3, 6, 4, 5, 7 is a word often applied to the sea.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My whole is a sweet name for a bird.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Rebecca</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>No. 4.</h3> + +<h3>RHOMBOID.</h3> + +<p class="center">Across—A tree; adjacent; a peculiar pace; a boy's name. Down—In pint; +a preposition; a snare; a title; a species of deer; a preposition; in +pint.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Rip Van Winkle</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>No. 5.</h3> + +<h3>ANAGRAMS.</h3> + +<p class="center">[The letters contained in each of these sentences, if correctly +arranged, spell one word.]</p> + +<p class="center">1. Pin a poor bat. 2. There we sat. 3. Trust in coin. 4. Pear root. 5. +Rome's gate. 6. Go, let a cat run.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">C. P. T.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>No. 6.</h3> + +<h3>ENIGMA.</h3> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My first is in fame, but not in glory.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My second is in lie, but not in story.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My third is in aged, but not in old.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My fourth is in heat, but not in cold.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My fifth is in boy, but not in child.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My sixth is in rampant, but not in wild.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My seventh is in sane, but not in fool.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My whole is much studied in college and school.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">N. L. C.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h3>ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN NO. 23.</h3> + +<h3>No. 1.</h3> + +<p class="center">Sapphire.</p> + +<h2>No. 2.</h2> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="10%" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>O</td><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>O</td><td align='left'>V</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>N</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>D</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>D</td><td align='left'>S</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<h3>No. 3.</h3> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="10%" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>H</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Y</td><td align='left'>O</td><td align='left'>U</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>H</td><td align='left'>O</td><td align='left'>U</td><td align='left'>S</td><td align='left'>E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>U</td><td align='left'>S</td><td align='left'>E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>E</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<h3>No. 4.</h3> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="10%" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>A</td><td align='center'>r</td><td align='right'>T</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>T</td><td align='center'>a</td><td align='right'>R</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>L</td><td align='center'>y</td><td align='right'>E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A</td><td align='center'>n</td><td align='right'>N</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>N</td><td align='center'>u</td><td align='right'>T</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>T</td><td align='center'>w</td><td align='right'>O</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A</td><td align='center'>mazo</td><td align='right'>N</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="center">Atlanta, Trenton.</p> + +<h3>No. 5.</h3> + +<p class="center">Christopher Columbus.</p> + +<h3>No. 6.</h3> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="10%" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>A</td><td align='left'>I</td><td align='left'>L</td><td align='left'>S</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A</td><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>I</td><td align='left'>E</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>I</td><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>M</td><td align='left'>A</td><td align='left'>N</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>L</td><td align='left'>I</td><td align='left'>A</td><td align='left'>R</td><td align='left'>S</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>S</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>N</td><td align='left'>S</td><td align='left'>E</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>ADVERTISEMENTS.</h2> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE.</h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span> will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at +the following rates—<i>payable in advance, postage free</i>:</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Single Copies</span></td><td align='right'>$0.04</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">One Subscription</span>, <i>one year</i></td><td align='right'>1.50</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Five Subscriptions</span>, <i>one year</i></td><td align='right'>7.00</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it +will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the +Number issued after the receipt of order.</p> + +<p>Remittances should be made by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER or DRAFT, to avoid +risk of loss.</p> + +<h3>ADVERTISING.</h3> + +<p>The extent and character of the circulation of <span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span> +will render it a first-class medium for advertising. A limited number of +approved advertisements will be inserted on two inside pages at 75 cents +per line.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Address</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 30em;">HARPER & BROTHERS,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 35em;">Franklin Square, N. Y.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>FINE TROUT TACKLE.</h2> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;"> +<img src="images/ill_012.jpg" width="150" height="83" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>We offer a fine 3 Joint Fly Rod, 15 yard Brass Reel, 100 ft. Linen Line, +3 Flies, 3 Hooks to gut, & Leader, complete, by express for $5.00; by +mail, postpaid, $5.50; sample Flies by mail, postpaid, 10c. each; per +doz., $1.00; complete Catalogue Free.</p> + +<h3>PECK & SNYDER, Manufacturers,</h3> +<h4>124 and 126 Nassau St., N. Y.</h4> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>FREE BY MAIL.</h2> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 70px;"> +<img src="images/ill_013.jpg" width="70" height="350" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Roses, all of the best named sorts, including Duchess</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='left'> of Edinburgh, Nephetos or Cornelia Cook,</td><td align='right'>$1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>13</td><td align='left'>Geraniums, including New Life and Happy Thought,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Tube Roses,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>16</td><td align='left'>Gladiolas, all flowering bulbs,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Of each of the above two,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>4</td><td align='left'>Palms, nice plants, all different,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Begonias, all different,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>10</td><td align='left'>Ferns, all different,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Crotons, the best sorts for high colors,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>New Fancy Coleus, all different,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>6</td><td align='left'>Fancy Caladiums, in sorts,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>8</td><td align='left'>Dahlias, in sorts,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>24</td><td align='left'>Sorts of Annual Flower Seeds,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>12</td><td align='left'>Sorts of Perennials and Greenhouse Seeds,</td><td align='right'>1.00</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="center">Our <b>$5.00 Collection</b> of Fancy Plants for the Conservatory is +unsurpassed.</p> + +<p class="center">To clubs we make special rates. <b>6</b> of the above collections for <b>$5.00</b>; +all sent by mail. <i>Send for Catalogue.</i></p> + +<h3>B. P. CRITCHELL,</h3> +<h4>197 West Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio.</h4> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>FISHING OUTFITS.</h2> + +<h3>CATALOGUE FREE.</h3> + +<h3>R. SIMPSON, 132 Nassau Street, N. Y.</h3> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>The Child's Book of Nature.</h2> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Child's Book of Nature, for the Use of Families and Schools: +intended to aid Mothers and Teachers in Training Children in the +Observation of Nature. In Three Parts. Part I. Plants. Part II. +Animals. Part III. Air, Water, Heat, Light, &c. By <span class="smcap">Worthington +Hooker</span>, M.D. Illustrated. The Three Parts complete in One Volume, +Small 4to, Half Leather, $1.31; or, separately, in Cloth, Part I., +53 cents; Part II., 56 cents; Part III., 56 cents.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>A beautiful and useful work. It presents a general survey of the kingdom +of nature in a manner adapted to attract the attention of the child, and +at the same time to furnish him with accurate and important scientific +information. While the work is well suited as a class-book for schools, +its fresh and simple style cannot fail to render it a great favorite for +family reading.</p> + +<p>The Three Parts of this book can be had in separate volumes by those who +desire it. This will be advisable when the book is to be used in +teaching quite young children, especially in schools.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<h3>Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.</h3> + +<h4>☞ <i>Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the +United States, on receipt of the price.</i></h4> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>Old Books for Young Readers.</h2> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<h3>Arabian Nights' Entertainments.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Thousand and One Nights; or, The Arabian Nights' +Entertainments. Translated and Arranged for Family Reading, with +Explanatory Notes, by <span class="smcap">E. W. Lane</span>. 600 Illustrations by Harvey. 2 +vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3.50.</p></div> + +<h3>Robinson Crusoe.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, +Mariner. By <span class="smcap">Daniel Defoe</span>. With a Biographical Account of Defoe. +Illustrated by Adams. Complete Edition. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50.</p></div> + +<h3>The Swiss Family Robinson.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Swiss Family Robinson; or, Adventures of a Father and Mother +and Four Sons on a Desert Island. Illustrated. 2 vols., 18mo, +Cloth, $1.50.</p> + +<p>The Swiss Family Robinson—Continued: being a Sequel to the +Foregoing. 2 vols., 18mo, Cloth, $1.50.</p></div> + +<h3>Sandford and Merton.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The History of Sandford and Merton. By <span class="smcap">Thomas Day</span>. 18mo, Half +Bound, 75 cents.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<h3>Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.</h3> + +<h4>☞ <i>Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the +United States, on receipt of the price.</i></h4> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CHILDREN'S</h2> + +<h3>PICTURE-BOOKS.</h3> + +<p class="center">Square 4to, about 300 pages each, beautifully printed on Tinted +Paper, embellished with many Illustrations, bound in Cloth, $1.50 +per volume.</p> + +<h3>The Children's Picture-Book of Sagacity of Animals.</h3> + +<p class="center">With Sixty Illustrations by <span class="smcap">Harrison Weir</span>.</p> + +<h3>The Children's Bible Picture-Book.</h3> + +<p class="center">With Eighty Illustrations, from Designs by <span class="smcap">Steinle</span>, <span class="smcap">Overbeck</span>, +<span class="smcap">Veit</span>, <span class="smcap">Schnorr</span>, &c.</p> + +<h3>The Children's Picture Fable-Book.</h3> + +<p class="center">Containing One Hundred and Sixty Fables. With Sixty Illustrations +by <span class="smcap">Harrison Weir</span>.</p> + +<h3>The Children's Picture-Book of Birds.</h3> + +<p class="center">With Sixty-one Illustrations by <span class="smcap">W. Harvey</span>.</p> + +<h3>The Children's Picture-Book of Quadrupeds and other Mammalia.</h3> + +<p class="center">With Sixty-one Illustrations by <span class="smcap">W. Harvey</span>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<h3>Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.</h3> + +<h4>☞ <i>Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the +United States, on receipt of the price.</i></h4> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[Pg 360]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>SOLUTION OF THE BOSSY PUZZLE.</h2> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/ill_014.jpg" width="400" height="262" alt="Fig. 1." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Fig. 1.</span> +</div> + +<p>The Bossy Puzzle given in No. 23 of <span class="smcap">Young People</span> is solved by relieving +the Bossy of her disfiguring black patches, and arranging them as in +Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the rustic group that the artist had in his mind +when he invented the puzzle. The only correct solution to this puzzle +that we have received was sent in by Eddie S. Hequembourg.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/ill_015.jpg" width="500" height="437" alt="Fig. 2." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Fig. 2.</span> +</div> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="OPTICAL_TESTS" id="OPTICAL_TESTS"></a>OPTICAL TESTS.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 308px;"> +<img src="images/ill_016.jpg" width="308" height="400" alt="Fig. 1." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Fig. 1.</span> +</div> + +<p>The eye is an organ which is very easily deceived, and needs constant +training to enable it to judge correctly of the relative proportions of +objects of different forms. Most of our readers are probably familiar +with the optical test of guessing the height of an ordinary stove-pipe +hat by measuring off the supposed height on the wall of a room. Those +who have not heard of it will find it interesting to try the experiment. +Take a stick, or walking-cane, and measure off on the wall of a room a +height to which you suppose a stove-pipe hat would reach if placed on +the floor immediately underneath, as represented in Fig. 1. Nine times +out of ten the point selected will be a great deal too high.</p> + +<p>Another point in which the proportions of a hat are very deceptive is +this: The diameter, or distance across the crown, of a silk hat is +greater than the height of the crown of the hat from the brim. Most +people will be very positive that just the reverse is the case. We have +all heard that a horse's head is as long as a flour barrel, and felt +very much inclined <i>not</i> to believe it, though such is the fact.</p> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 300px;"> +<img src="images/ill_017.jpg" width="300" height="126" alt="Fig. 2." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Fig. 2.</span> +</div> + +<p>There is also an optical test which is little known, and far more +surprising: Take three tumblers of the same size, and place them in a +row on the table, as represented in Fig. 2; then withdraw the middle +tumbler, and request any one present to place it at such a distance on +the table from the other two tumblers—as represented in Fig. 3—that +the measurements from C to D and from E to F shall be the same as from A +to B. This test will prove very amusing at any small gathering. Each +person in turn tries his hand; the distance he guesses is marked off on +the table. Then the real distance is measured off, and the tumbler put +in its right place, when it will probably be found that every one has +fallen far short of the right measurement. In Fig. 3 we have only +represented the relative positions of the tumblers; the correct distance +is not given. Try it before you measure.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 269px;"> +<img src="images/ill_018.jpg" width="269" height="300" alt="Fig. 3." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Fig. 3.</span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="AUNT_FLORA" id="AUNT_FLORA"></a>AUNT FLORA.</h2> + +<h3>A BROKEN RHYME.</h3> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Aunt Flora was a precious ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Her sympathies were ever ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Her cranberry pies were always ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 36em;">Aunt Flora.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Her homespun dress was neat and ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Her favorite conversation ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Kept her employed like Solomon's ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 36em;">Aunt Flora.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">I do not think she had a ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">But everything she did was ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">How much I've felt her blessed ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 36em;">Aunt Flora.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Her heart was sweet and warm as ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">And you would know from any ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Among the wise she was not ____</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 36em;">Aunt Flora.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/ill_019.jpg" width="600" height="595" alt="A BOY'S POCKETS." title="" /> +<span class="caption">A BOY'S POCKETS.</span> +</div> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;"><span class="smcap">School-master</span>. "Are you quite sure you have got nothing more in your +Pockets?"</span><br /><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;"><span class="smcap">Boy</span>. "I've got a Hole in my Vest Pocket, Sir."</span><br /><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 15em;"><span class="smcap">School-master</span> (<i>sternly</i>). "Take your seat, Sir."</span><br /><br /> +</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 27, 1880, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 27, 1880 *** + +***** This file should be named 28833-h.htm or 28833-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/8/3/28833/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Harper's Young People, April 27, 1880 + An Illustrated Weekly + +Author: Various + +Release Date: May 16, 2009 [EBook #28833] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 27, 1880 *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: HARPER'S + +YOUNG PEOPLE + +AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.] + + + * * * * * + +VOL. I.--NO. 26. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR +CENTS. + +Tuesday, April 27, 1880. Copyright, 1880, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 +per Year, in Advance. + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: SPANISH SAILORS IN A STORM.] + +[Begun in No. 19 of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, March 9.] + +ACROSS THE OCEAN; OR, A BOY'S FIRST VOYAGE. + +A True Story. + +BY J. O. DAVIDSON. + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +A "WHITE SQUALL." + +Hurrah for the Mediterranean! Hurrah for the tideless sea! with its +sunny skies and sparkling waters, blue and bright as ever, while English +moors and German forests are being buried in snow by a bitter January +storm! Well might one think that these handsome, olive-cheeked, +barefooted fellows in red caps and blue shirts, who cruise about this +"summer sea" in their trim little lateen-rigged fruit boats, must be the +happiest men alive. Yet there was once an English sailor who, plunging +into a raw Channel fog on his return from a twelvemonth's cruise in the +Mediterranean, rubbed his hands, and cried, gleefully, "Ah, this is what +_I_ calls weather! None o' yer lubberly blue skies _here_!" + +Frank, having seen for himself that the Straits of Gibraltar are +thirteen miles wide, instead of being (as he had always thought) no +broader than the East River, was prepared for surprises; but he could +not help staring a little when Herrick told him that this bright, +beautiful, glassy sea is at times one of the stormiest in the world, and +that many a good ship has gone down there like a bullet, "as you'll see +afore long, mayhap," added the old sailor, warningly. + +The sunset that evening, however, seemed to contradict him point-blank. +It was so magnificent that even the careless sailors, used as most of +them were to the glories of the Southern sky, stood still to admire it, +and pronounced it "the finest show they'd ever seen, by a long way." Not +a cloud above, not a ripple below; the steamer's track lay across the +glassy water like a broad belt of light. All was so calm, so clear, so +bright, that it was hard to tell where the sea ended and the sky began. +The ship seemed to be floating in the centre of a vast bubble. + +Suddenly the sun plunged below the horizon like a red-hot ball, and a +deep voice muttered in Frank's ear, + +"We're a-goin' to catch it!" + +At that moment, as if to bear out this gloomy prophecy, the boatswain's +hoarse call was heard: + +"Stand by topsail sheets and halyards! Man the down-hauls! Clear away, +and make all snug!" + +Instantly all was bustle and activity. While some stripped the yards and +clewed up the sails, others battened down the hatches, looked to the +lashings of the boats, and made everything fast. Still, though he +strained his eyes to the utmost, not the least sign of a storm could +Frank see, and at last he whispered to Herrick, + +"How _can_ they tell that it's going to be rough?" + +"The glass is falling, lad, and that's always enough for a sailor; but +there'll be more'n _that_ afore long. Ay, sure enough--see yonder!" + +A streak of pale phosphorescent mist had just appeared on the port bow, +which spread and spread till it blotted out sea and sky, and all was one +dim, impenetrable pall. From the far distance came a strange, ghostly +whisper, while the sea-birds, which had hitherto kept close to the +vessel, flew away with dismal shrieks. + +"Below there!" roared the boatswain. "Tumble up there, smart!" + +Up flew the men, each darting at once to his own post--and not an +instant too soon. A huge white cloud seemed to leap upward through the +inky sky like smoke from a cannon, a long line of foam glanced like a +lightning flash across the dark sea, and then came a rush and a roar, +and over went the ship on her beam ends, and every man on board was +blinded, deafened, and strangled, all in one moment, while crash +followed crash, as doors, sky-lights, and port-shutters were torn away +or dashed to atoms. + +Frank, who was just stepping out of one of the deck-houses when the +storm burst, was spun across the forecastle like a top, and would have +gone overboard had not a sailor clutched his arm, and pressed him down +on the deck by main force till the ship righted. + +"Lie snug, young 'un," said his rescuer, "for them 'white squalls' ain't +to be sneezed at, that's a fact. Look at my shirt." + +This was easier said than done, for honest Bill had no shirt left to +look at, except the collar and wristbands, all the rest having been torn +clean away. + +But as Austin glanced round him he saw other proofs of the wind's force +even more convincing than this. Two of the boats had been literally +smashed to pieces, the strong-iron davits that held them being twisted +like pin-wire. Down in the engine-room the flying open of the furnace +doors had flooded the whole room with blazing coal, and four of the +tubes had burst at once, scalding several firemen so severely that they +had to be carried to the surgeon forthwith. + +Suddenly a cry for help was heard from the wheel-house. Three or four +brave fellows rushed across the reeling deck at the risk of their lives, +and tearing open the door, found one quartermaster lying senseless and +bleeding in a corner, while the other, with a broken arm, was actually +keeping the wheel steady with _the remaining hand and his knee_, which +he had thrust between the spokes! + +But the stout-hearted crew, not a whit daunted, coolly set about +repairing damages. The injured men were carried below, the decks cleared +of the fragments of wreck, and the coals drawn from the furnaces, into +which the firemen, swathed in wet blankets, crept by turns along a plank +(relieving one another as the stifling heat overpowered them) to close +the flues again by hammering strong wooden plugs into the leaks. + +By twelve o'clock the gale was at its height. Even with four men at the +wheel, the _Arizona_ could barely hold her own against the tremendous +seas that came thundering upon her like falling rocks, and old Herrick +himself began to look grave. + +"Get out a drag!" shouted the officer of the watch. + +The boatswain repeated the order, to the no small amazement of our hero, +who, having always associated a drag with the wheel of a coach, was +puzzled to imagine how it could be applied to a ship. + +But he was not long in finding out. Pieces of timber from the broken +boats, worn out sails, old iron, and various odds and ends were hastily +gathered into a heap, lashed together with chains, and launched +overboard, with two strong hawsers attached. The chains and pieces of +iron made the buoyant mass sink just deep enough, to steady the vessel, +and keep her head up to the wind, which toward night-fall began to show +signs of abating. + +Just before darkness set in, a Spanish bark crossed their bows. The +storm had left its mark on her upper spars, which were terribly +shattered; but the crew, instead of clearing away the wreck, were +groaning and praying around a little doll-like image of the Virgin, +while their officers vainly urged them to return to their duty. + +"Skulkin' lubbers!" growled old Herrick; "they should git what that +feller in the song got. D'ye mind it, Frank, my boy? + + "'The boatswain he rope's-ended him, and "Now," says he, "just work! + I read my Bible often, but it don't tell men to _shirk_; + The pumps they are not choked as yet, so let us not despair: + When all is up, or when we're saved, we'll join with you in prayer."'" + +The next morning they sighted the craggy islet of Zembra, which Jack +Dewey, the wit of the forecastle, said should be called "Zebra," for its +cliffs were curiously veined with stripes of blue, red, and black, as +regular as if painted with a brush. A few hours later appeared the +larger island of Partellaria, standing boldly up from the sea in one +great mass of cloud-capped mountain, with the trim white houses of the +little toy town scattered along its base like a game of dominoes. + +By sunset that evening the gale seemed to have fairly blown itself out. +But now came another enemy almost as dangerous. A little after midnight +the ship was hemmed in by a perfect wall of fog, through which neither +moon nor star was to be seen; and all that could be done was to set the +bells and fog-horns to work, making an uproar worthy of a Chinese +concert. + +About three in the morning came a faint answering chime of church bells; +and the _Arizona_, "porting" her helm, kept circling about the same spot +for two hours more ("playin' circus," as Jack Dewey said), till the +morning breeze suddenly parted the fog, displaying to Frank's eager eyes +the rocky shores of Malta, and the entrance of Valetta Harbor. + +"There's _one_ thing here as you're bound to see, lad," said Herrick, +"and that's a sort o' under-ground tunnel, like ever so many streets +buried alive, and pitch-dark every one of 'em. They calls it the +Cat-and-Combs [Catacombs]. I never could tell why, for it ain't got +nothin' to do with combs, nor yet with cats neither. But you've got to +take guides and lights with yer, and stick mighty close to 'em, or ye're +a gone 'coon. Guess _I_ ought to know that!" + +"Why, did _you_ ever get lost there?" + +"That's jist what I did, sonny, though I can't think how; but, anyway, +there I was, all to once, right away from the rest, and all alone in the +dark. I tried to holler, but my throat was so dry with the dust and what +not that I made no more noise nor a frog with a sore throat. 'Twarn't +pleasant neither, I can tell ye, to feel my feet kickin' agin skulls and +bones in the dark, and to think how _my_ bones 'ud be added to the +collection 'fore long, when the rats had picked 'em clean. At last I +concluded that I'd jist make matters worse by steerin' at hap-hazard, +and that my best way was to anchor, and wait for the rest o' the convoy. + +"Jist then I spied _two eyes_ a-shinin' in the darkness, and 'fore I +could say 'Knife,' slap came somethin' right in my face, givin' me sich +a start that I jumped five ways at once. But by the soft, furry feel, I +guessed what 'twas; so I sang out, 'Puss! puss!' and the thing came +rubbin' agin my feet, and what should it be but a stray cat! Thinks I, +'Here's somethin' to keep off the rats, anyhow!' and I sat down in a +corner, and took the cat in my lap, and, if you'll b'lieve me, off I +went sound asleep! Fust thing I knew after that, all my mates was around +me agin, laughin' like anythin' to find me nussin' a cat that way. But I +wouldn't go that job over agin, not to be made a Cap'n!" + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +SOMETHING ABOUT FANS. + + +Kan Si was the first lady who carried a fan. She lived in ages which are +past, and for the most part forgotten, and she was the daughter of a +Chinese Mandarin. Who ever saw a Mandarin, even on a tea-chest, without +his fan? In China and Japan to this day every one has a fan; and there +are fans of all sorts for everybody. The Japanese waves his fan at you +when he meets you, by way of greeting, and the beggar who solicits for +alms has the exceedingly small coin "made on purpose" for charity +presented to him on the tip of the fan. + +In ancient times, amongst the Greeks and Romans, fans seem to have been +enormous; they were generally made of feathers, and carried by slaves +over the heads of their masters and mistresses, to protect them from the +sun, or waved about before them to stir the air. + +Catherine de Medicis carried the first folding fan ever seen in France; +and in the time of Louis the Fourteenth the fan was a gorgeous thing, +often covered with jewels, and worth a small fortune. In England they +were the fashion in the time of Henry the Eighth. All his many wives +carried them, and doubtless wept behind them. A fan set in diamonds was +once given to Queen Elizabeth upon New-Year's Day. + +The Mexican feather fans which Cortez had from Montezuma were marvels of +beauty; and in Spain a large black fan is the favorite. It is said that +the use of the fan is as carefully taught in that country as any other +branch of education, and that by a well-known code of signals a Spanish +lady can carry on a long conversation with any one, especially an +admirer. + +The Japanese criminal of rank is politely executed by means of a fan. On +being sentenced to death he is presented with a fan, which he must +receive with a low bow, and as he bows, _presto_! the executioner draws +his sword, and cuts his head off. In fact, there is a fan for every +occasion in Japan. + + + + +THE BOYS' SCHOOLS OF ENGLAND. + +BY AMELIA E. BARR. + + +I suppose there are few boys who have not heard of Westminster Abbey, +and who do not know that within its ancient and splendid walls the Kings +of England are crowned, and the great, the wise, and the brave of every +age are buried. But few, perhaps, are aware that the Abbey also contains +the oldest and one of the most famous boys' schools in the world. It is +true that the statutes of the school, as they now exist, are of a less +remote date than those of Eton and Winchester schools--being framed by +Henry the Eighth and Elizabeth--but they no more represent the origin of +Westminster School than the Reformation represents the origin of the +English Church. + +Westminster Abbey was built by Edward the Confessor, and the Master of +the Novices sitting with his disciples in the western cloister was the +beginning of Westminster School. It was, without doubt, this school that +Ingulphus--the writer of a famous chronicle (A.D. 1043-1051)--attended; +for he tells us that Queen Edith often met him coming from school, and +questioned him about his grammar and logic, and always gave him three or +four pieces of money, and then sent him to the royal larder to refresh +himself--two forms of kindness that a school-boy never forgets. +Ingulphus afterward became the secretary of William the Conqueror. In +his day there was no glazing to this cloister, and the rain, wind, and +snow must have swept pitilessly over the novices turning and spelling +out their manuscripts. They had, indeed, a carpet of hay or rushes, and +mats were laid on the stone benches, but it must have been a bitterly +cold school-room in winter. + +At the Reformation, Henry the Eighth drew up new plans for Westminster +School, and Elizabeth perfected the statutes by which the school is +still governed. It was to consist of forty boys, who were to be chosen +for their "good disposition, knowledge, and poverty, and without favor +or partiality"; and even at the present day there is no admission as a +"Queen's Scholar" at Westminster except by long and arduous competition +between the candidates for the honor. + +No one who has witnessed the mode of election will ever forget it. The +candidates are arranged according to their places in the school, and the +_lowest two boys_ first enter the arena. The lower of these two is the +challenger. He calls upon his adversary to translate an epigram, to +parse it, or to answer any grammatical question connected with the +subject. Demand after demand is made, until there is an error. The +Master is appealed to, and answers, "It was a mistake." Then the +challenger and the challenged change places, and the latter, with fierce +eagerness, renews the contest. Whichever of the two is the conqueror, +flushed with victory, then turns to the boy above him, and if he be a +really clever lad, he will sometimes advance ten, fifteen, or twenty +steps before he is stopped by a greater spirit. This struggle--which is +peculiar to Westminster, and highly prized by its scholars--frequently +extends over six or eight weeks, and the ten who are highest at its +close are elected "Queen's Scholars," in place of those advanced that +year from Westminster to Oxford or Cambridge. + +This mental tournament is a very ancient custom, for Stow says that the +Westminster scholars annually stood under a great tree in St. +Bartholomew's Church yard, and entering the lists of grammar, +chivalrously asserted the intellectual superiority of Westminster +against all comers; and Stow, as you very likely know, died about A.D. +1600. There is, therefore, as you may see, a very great honor in being a +"Queen's Scholar"; besides which, the prizes to be divided among them +are very valuable. These consist of three junior studentships of Christ +Church, Oxford, tenable for seven years, and worth about L120 a year; +Dr. Carey's Benefaction, which divides L600 a year among the most needy +and industrious of the scholars in sums of not less than L50, and not +more than L100; and three exhibitions at Trinity College, Cambridge, of +yearly value about L87, tenable until the holder has taken his Bachelor +of Arts degree. The Queen's Scholars are partially maintained by the +school; but all other boys, of which the average number is about one +hundred and fifty, pay very handsomely for their education. + +[Illustration: A VIEW OF WESTMINSTER.] + +The government of this school is an absolute monarchy in the hands of +the Head-Master, though the Dean and Chapter of Westminster can exercise +a certain control of the Queen's Scholars, and the reigning sovereign of +England is by the statutes Visitor of the School. In 1846 the father of +one of the Queen's Scholars complained to her Majesty that his boy had +been cruelly treated by three of the other scholars, and she ordered an +immediate trial, and punishment of the guilty parties. + +Westminster, from its earliest records, has been famous for its Masters. +Before the great Camden--the Pausanias of England--were Alexander +Nowell, Nicholas Udall, and Thomas Browne. Nowell was Master in Queen +Mary's reign, and Bonner intending to burn him, he fled for his life. On +Elizabeth's accession he again became Master, and was also one of +Elizabeth's preachers, and reproved her so plainly that on one occasion +she bade him "return to his text." You know, boys, it is so easy and so +natural for school-masters to tell people when they are wrong, and the +Masters of Westminster have been noted for the habit. + +Dr. Busby's name is forever associated with Westminster, and he ruled +the school with his terrible birch rod for upward of fifty-seven years. +"My rod is my sieve," he said, "and who can not pass through it is no +boy for me." So many able boys, however, passed through it, that he +could point to the Bench of Bishops, and boast that sixteen of the +spiritual lords sitting there at one time had been educated by him. The +height to which he carried discipline is exemplified by his accompanying +King Charles through the school-room _with his hat on_, because "he +would not have his boys think there was any man in England greater than +himself." Dryden was one of Busby's scholars, and received from the +great Master many a severe flogging, yet Dryden always spoke of Dr. +Busby with the greatest reverence. Flogging is now only administered on +very grave occasions, by the Head-Master, and in the presence of a third +party, who must be one of the boys. + +In Dr. Busby's time the upper and lower schools were divided by a +curtain, about which there is a remarkable story. A boy, having torn +this curtain, was saved from one of Busby's terrible floggings by his +school-mate assuming the fault, and bearing the rod in his place. This +brave lad in the civil war took the King's side, became implicated in a +futile rising, and was condemned to death at Exeter. But his judge +happened to be the very boy whose place he had taken under Busby's rod, +and he was not unmindful of the favor, for he hastened to London, and +begged from Cromwell his friend's life. If you will get No. 313 of the +_Spectator_, you can read the whole story, and it is a very beautiful as +well as truthful one. + +[Illustration: THE SCHOOL-ROOM.] + +The school-room at Westminster is one of the most interesting rooms in +the world. It was the dormitory of the old monks; and when I saw it, +thirty years ago, its walls were quite covered with the names of boys +who had studied there, and who had cut with their penknives these rude +autographs. Many of the names have since become famous all over the +world, and will never be forgotten. At that time "John Dryden" was deep +and plain in the solid bench where he cut it, for not one of all the +thousands of Westminster boys who have sat in his place since have been +mean or thoughtless enough to deface it. + +The dormitory of the Queen's Scholars stands where the granary of the +monks stood, and is a chamber one hundred and sixty-one feet long by +twenty-five broad. It is interesting because it is the theatre where for +centuries the "Westminster Play" has been acted. This "play" was +expressly ordered by Queen Elizabeth for "her boys," and those of +Terence were chosen by her. In 1847 there was a movement to abolish the +"Westminster Play," but a memorial, signed by more than six hundred old +Westminsters, pleaded for its continuance, and it is still one of the +great features of a London Christmas. + +Westminster is pre-eminently a classical school, but no school has a +longer or more splendid list of great scholars. Of Church dignitaries it +counts nine Archbishops and more than sixty Bishops: among the latter +Trelawney, Francis Atterbury (the friend of Pope, Swift, and Gay), Isaac +Barrow, and the witty, loyal Dr. South, who, when but an Upper Boy at +Westminster, dared to read the prayer for Charles the First an hour +before he was beheaded. Still more famous was Prideaux, the great +Oriental and Hebrew scholar, and the wise Dr. Goodenough, whose sermons +before the House of Lords elicited the lively epigram from some +Westminster boy, + + "'Twas well enough that Goodenough before the Lords should preach, + For sure enough that bad enough were those he had to teach." + +Among famous lawyers, Westminster educated Lane, the eloquent defender +of Strafford; Glynne, the great Commonwealth lawyer; the Earl of +Mansfield, the pride of Westminster School, and the glory of Westminster +Hall, Lord Chief Justice of England for more than thirty years; and the +late Sir David Dundas. Among statesmen, Westminster counts the younger +Vane, whom Milton so nobly eulogizes, as + + "young in years, but in sage counsel old, + Than whom no better senator e'er held + The Roman helm"; + +Halifax, the accomplished "Trimmer" of the Revolution, about whom you +must consult Macaulay; Warren Hastings; Sir Francis Burdett; Sir James +Graham; and John, Earl Russell. + +Among warriors, five of the seven officers not of royal blood who rose +to the rank of Field-Marshal between 1810 and 1856 were Westminster +boys, and one of these five was Lord Raglan. + +Her list of literary sons is so long that I can only name a few of the +best-known names--Rare Ben Jonson, Cowley, George Herbert, John Dryden, +Christopher Wren, John Locke, the two Colmans, Richard Cumberland, +Cowper, Gibbon, and the all-accomplished Robert Southey. + +The chief amusement of Westminster boys is boating; for which the +proximity of the Thames affords great advantages; also cricket, racket, +quoits, sparring, foot-races, leaping, and single-stick. The school has +always been noted, also, for the strong bond of fraternity uniting the +boys: to the end of life Westminster boys acknowledge this tie, and in +many a national crisis it has been, "All Westminsters together!" + + + + +THE LOST CHECK. + +BY MRS. W. J. HAYS. + + +"I have hunted high and low for that check, Sam, and I can not find it." + +"I thought it was careless, when I saw you parading it about here." + +"Well, you see, I felt rich. Father never sent me such a lot of money +before." + +"It was your birthday, wasn't it?" + +"Yes, and the governor came down handsomely. He knows I am saving up for +a trip to the Adirondacks. Well, if it is gone, it is gone." + +"It could not go without hands; but I hope it will turn up yet. In +future you had better put such documents in a safe place." + +Will Benson heard this conversation between two fellow-clerks in the +warehouse where he also was employed, and it troubled him much. He was a +young fellow about fifteen or thereabouts, but so steady and reliable a +youth that already many matters of importance were intrusted to him. He +had seen Charlie Graham nourishing a check about, and had heard him +talking very largely of his plans, etc. He had also seen the valuable +bit of paper lying about, and had asked Charlie to pocket it; but he had +also seen some one else do that in a very quiet way, and it had so +peculiarly affected him that when Charlie asked him about it, he had +colored up violently, and was so confused, that had Charlie been of a +suspicious nature, he would have had good reason to suppose that Will +knew more about the affair than he cared to tell--which was the truth. +But Charlie was neither suspicious nor careful, and, in addition to +leaving the paper about, he had also indorsed it. + +[Illustration: WILL CONSIDERS THE SITUATION.] + +Will listened to the inquiries and the comments in silence, not knowing +what to say. Had he been very impulsive, he would have come out +instantly with his suspicions; but he had a habit of reflection, and was +inclined to consider before acting or speaking. At this moment, however, +his thoughts were confused, and finding that his writing was suffering +in consequence, he thrust his pen behind his ear, and sat down on a box +at the office door to see if he could not think himself out of his +difficulty. + +He was quite sure that a theft had been committed, and that he had +witnessed it. What should he do?--tell Charlie Graham, have the man +arrested and sent to prison, as he deserved, or keep the matter quiet, +wait, and see how the thing would turn out? + +As he sat there in the soft spring morning a little bird perched itself +on a budding bough, and began to chirp. As it turned its head from side +to side, and peeped coyly at him, it reminded him, by one of those +unconscious flights of association, of another bird, which hung in a +gilded cage very near the couch of his invalid mother. He could see the +little warbler doing his best to entertain the weary moments of one who +seldom heard the wild birds, or set her foot in the woods. He could also +see the soft draperies about the window, the climbing ivy and growing +ferns, and the much-used books and work-table, and from all these homely +but precious belongings came uppermost the sweet smile of affection, the +placid face which, in spite of age and sorrow and suffering, had always +so tender a beauty for him. Quickly he turned back to his desk, and +wrote a long letter to his mother. She would set him aright, she would +solve his difficulty. Happy the boy who has such a mother! + +Of course he had to wait some time for the answer, and the waiting was +tedious. Charlie gave up the check as lost, and said no more about it, +and Will took so great an aversion to the porter, who he was sure was +the thief, that he hated to come in contact with him. But the mother's +letter was worth waiting for, and Will acted on its advice. + +Late one afternoon he wended his way to the narrow street where lived +Grimes, the porter. It was a noisome locality. Will could not help +thinking what a contrast it was to the quiet, clean town where he was +born, and where his mother still lived! These dirty, narrow, crowded +city slums, what wonder that all sorts of crime are born in them! + +He found the house, and through the dark wretched stairway at last came +to a door, at which he knocked. + +"Come in," was the response. + +He entered, stumbling over heaps of unwashed clothing. Two or three +forlorn-looking children were eating at a wretchedly uninviting table in +the midst of these surroundings. A feeble-looking woman was on a bed. + +"Is Grimes at home?" asked Will. + +"No, sir, he's not; and I beg pardon for letting you come in. My washing +was half done when I was took down with a turn, and Grimes is looking +now for some one to do what I am unable to do." + +"Will he soon be in, do you think?" + +"Yes, sir; have a chair; he'll be in presently." + +"I will wait outside," said Will, glad of the excuse to get out. He +waited in the dim light of a dirty window outside, and wished he had +about a gallon of Cologne water at hand. Soon Grimes came, looking tired +and cross. When he saw Will he grew pale, but asked him, in a smothered +voice, what he wanted. + +"I have come to speak about that check of Charlie Graham's," said Will. + +Grimes grew red and angry, swore roundly that he knew nothing of it, and +threatened to pitch Will down stairs. + +Will very firmly replied that he had seen Grimes take it, and that +unless he was willing to make reparation, his employers would have to be +told of it. + +At this the man wavered a little, but still stoutly denied the theft. At +this moment the door, which was ajar, was pushed wider open, and the +woman's head came peering out; then the children followed, but they were +speedily sent down into the street. + +Grimes retreated into the room; Will followed, not without some tremors, +but that letter of his mother's was in his pocket. + +"Sure and are ye found out?" said the woman, impetuously. "Didn't I tell +you so? didn't I say no good could come of stalin', Grimes, my man?" + +Grimes tried to hush her, but she would not listen to him. She had drawn +a shawl about her, and was the picture of woe, with her pale face, her +unkempt hair, and her glittering eyes. She took Will by the hand. "As +you are a gintleman, and the son of a lady, have mercy on Grimes. If +it's the bit of paper ye want, I have it; here it is;" and she drew it +from the folds of her dress. "I knew no good could come of it, and I +would not let him use it, miserable as we are. But spare him, and God +will bless you." + +"I have no wish to injure him," said Will, "and my mother thinks if this +is a first offense, and he is at all sorry, I had better not make his +dishonesty known." + +Grimes was hanging his head in sullen silence, but at this he raised it +eagerly. "Never in my life before have I taken anything--but you see our +misery. I thought she would be the better for something this money could +buy." + +"Hush!" said the woman. "I might better die than live by stalin'. You +will forgive him, misther; I know you will; I see it in your kind eyes." + +Will promised silence, except to Charlie Graham, to whom he should be +obliged to reveal the theft, as well as to make restitution; and gladly +turned away from this scene of misery. + +Charlie and he had a long talk that night. They concluded to abide by +Mrs. Benson's advice. + +"It was very wrong as well as silly for me to leave that check where it +could tempt a poor fellow; and if it wasn't for the Adirondacks I'd send +the whole amount to Mrs. Grimes," said Charlie, generously. + +"No, that would not be wise," said Will; "but I tell you what, let's +club together and send her some decent food and clothing." + +Their kindness was not thrown away. Grimes never repeated the +wrong-doing. With better times came better health and strength for his +wife, and when Will went home for a holiday he took to his mother a bit +of Irish lace, which Mrs. Grimes had begged him to carry to her. + + + + +A CHEAP CANOE. + +BY W. P. S. + + +The labor and ingenuity expended in one season by a boy who has any +taste for the water in building rafts, and converting tubs and +packing-boxes into sea-going vessels, would, if well directed, build a +good-sized ship; but, from lack of knowledge and system, the results of +such attempts are generally failures. + +After some experience with rafts that _would_ sink, scows that _would_ +leak, and other craft that showed a strong preference for floating with +keels in the air, we found in the canvas canoe a boat at once handsome, +speedy, and safe, and capable of a great variety of uses, while the +small cost and easy construction place it within reach of all young +ship-builders. + +To produce a good canvas boat care and patience are more necessary than +great skill with tools, though it is supposed that the young mechanic +can use his rule correctly, saw to a line, and plane an edge reasonably +straight. + +The first proceeding in any building operation, after the plans are +decided on, is to make out a "bill of materials" and an "estimate," and +ours will read as follows: + + Keel, oak, 1 in. square, by 15 ft. } + long. } Sawed from an oak + 10 rib-bands, oak, 1 x 1/4 in., by } board 15 ft. X 6 + 15 ft. long } in. = 7-1/2 ft. @ 5c. + 2 gunwales, oak, 1 x 3/4 in., by } + 15 ft. long } $0.38 + Keelson, 3 x 1 in., 10 ft. long. } 10 in. pine board + Bow, stern, coaming, and ridge pieces. } .35 + Moulds. } 2 pine boards 12 x 1/2 in., 13 ft. + Floor boards, } long = 26 ft.,@ 3c. .78 + Paddle, 1-1/4 in. spruce plank, 6-1/2 in. X 13 ft. .25 + Canvas, 5 yds., 40 in., @ 45c. 2.25 + Canvas deck, 5 yds., 28 in., @ 25c. 1.25 + 1 package 1 in. No. 7 iron screws. .30 + Tacks, nails, and screws. .50 + Rubber cloth for apron. .50 + Sawing moulds and paddle. .50 + Paint. 1.00 + ----- + $8.06 + +Having all our material ready, it will be best to mark out the different +pieces, and have them all sawed at once by a steam-saw. + +Beginning with the bow and stern, we will lay off on one corner of the +ten-inch board a line two feet long, representing the dotted line +_c_ _d_ in Fig. 1. + +A line is drawn half an inch from the edge from the point 11 to 12, +making a notch for the end of the keelson; and the two feet are divided +into four parts, and perpendiculars drawn at each point. + +Now measure off on the line _a_ _d_ nine and a half inches, giving the +point _a_; on the others three and a quarter inches, an inch, and a +quarter of an inch; then draw a line from _a_ to _c_ through all these +points. + +The shape of the inner line is not important, so it may be drawn by eye, +making it thick enough for strength. + +As the bow and stern are alike, two of these pieces are needed. + +The keelson must be cut from the same board, being three inches wide at +the centre, tapering to one inch at the ends. + +To obtain the shapes of the moulds or sections we must enlarge Fig. 4 +four times to its full size. + +The horizontal lines in the drawing are one-fourth of an inch apart, so +in our large drawing they will be one inch; then taking the line marked +2 (Nos. 1 and 13 require no moulds), we find the distance of the point +_g_ to be one and seven-sixteenths inches from the centre line, so we +make it four times as much, or five and three-fourths inches, and +continue with the other points until we have enough to determine the +line pretty closely, after which we join them with the line _g_ _h_, +giving the shape of one-half of our first mould. + +The lines on the right represent the half sections in the fore end of +the boat, and those on the left the after end. + +When all are drawn, they should be transferred to the half-inch board, +each mould, however, being a whole and not a half section. + +The outline of the paddle being drawn also, all may be taken to a +saw-mill and sawn out, or else they may be sawn by hand with a +compass-saw. + +Having all cut out, we will first screw the bow and stern to the +keelson, and secure the three pieces on a plank set upright, the upper +edge being curved to fit the keelson, which is a little rockered. + +Moulds Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are next notched to fit the +varying widths of the keelson, the first and last also fitting over the +bow and stern; then they are put in place, and the gunwales notched into +them, and also into the bow and stern. + +The moulds for Nos. 6, 7, and 8 are sawn from three-quarter-inch oak or +ash, each being in two pieces. The inner edge of No. 6 is shown by the +dotted line K C, Fig. 4, and of Nos. 7 and 8 by _m_ _b_. They are put in +place the same as the others. + +Now the rib-bands are planed off and tacked in place, being spaced +amidships as shown in Fig. 4; then the points where they cross the bow +and stern and all the moulds are marked, and notches one inch by +one-fourth of an inch cut to receive them, the edges of the bow and +stern being tapered off at the same time to half an inch; then all the +parts are placed in position again, and fastened with one-inch screws, +except where the keelson joins the bow, stern, and moulds, where one +inch and a half screws are used. Each screw is dipped in white lead +before inserting, and the head afterward puttied over. + +The highest point of the deck is at No. 6, where a deck beam is placed, +the shape of it and of the deck at No. 9 being shown in Fig. 4. + +The other moulds may be easily shaped by using these as guides; then +pieces two inches wide and three-fourths of an inch thick are notched +into each mould, down the centre of the deck, from No. 6 to the bow, and +from No. 9 to the stern, making a ridge over which the canvas is +stretched. + +A piece of one-inch pine is next set in between Nos. 9 and 6, and +screwed to each, as well as to Nos. 7 and 8 and the gunwales, and +forming the sides of the well. + +The frame is now carefully smoothed off, and painted with two coats; +then a floor of half-inch pine is screwed to moulds Nos. 6, 7, and 8. + +The canvas, forty inches wide, is first oiled, and then laid on the +frame-work, and tacked along the centre of the keelson from No. 2 to No. +12; then it is tacked lightly to the gunwales; then cut to fit the +curved bow and stern, and tacked, the edges overlapping half an inch, +after which it is stretched tightly over the gunwales, and tacked on the +_inside_. + +The deck is of drilling, twenty-eight inches wide, tacked around the +gunwale (a half-round head being screwed over the joint), and turned up +and tacked around the coaming, which is of three-eighth inch pine, +rising an inch and a half above the deck, and screwed to the side +pieces, mould No. 9, and the deck beam at No. 6. + +The keel is of straight-grained oak, one inch deep from No. 3 to No. 11, +tapering to one-half by three-eighths of an inch at the ends, and may be +soaked in hot water before bending. When cold, it is screwed to the +keelson and the bow and stern, the canvas under it being painted. + +The stretcher for the feet rests against a strip nailed to the floors, +and a small block on each gunwale. + +A half-inch hole is bored in bow and stern for the painter. + +The paddle is seven feet long, six and a half inches wide, and +three-sixteenths of an inch thick at the edges; the handle being an inch +and a quarter in diameter at the middle, tapering to seven-eighths where +it joins the blades. A rubber ring is slipped over each end to prevent +the water running down. In using, it is grasped about seven inches on +each side of the centre, keeping the hands about the width of the body +apart. The stroke should be as long and steady as possible. + +It will be found at first that the boat will rock from side to side in +paddling, and the paddle will throw some spray; but both these faults +disappear with practice, and the boat should be perfectly steady at any +speed. A slight twist as the paddle leaves the water, hard to describe, +but easily found on trial, shakes off all drip. + +For an apron, a strip of pine one-quarter by one and a half inches is +fastened to each side of the well by brass straps hooking over the +coaming, shown in Fig. 6. + +A piece of rubber cloth is gored to fit around the body, and is tacked +to each side piece, a rubber cord fastened to each strip, and running +around the front of the well, serving to keep it down, and the after +ends being tucked in between the backboard and the body, all falling off +in an upset. + +The backboard, Fig. 5, is seventeen inches long, the strips being two +and one-fourth inches wide, and the same distance apart; it swings on +the coaming at the back of the well. + +Two coats of paint should be put on, and the paddle varnished. + +A deck of half-inch pine, laid from No. 9 to No. 10, under the canvas, +allows the canoeist to sit on deck sometimes in paddling. + +In entering the boat, step in the centre (facing the bow), and, with a +hand on each gunwale, drop into the seat. + +When not in use the canoe should be sponged out and stored on shore. + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration: WORKING PLANS FOR A CANVAS CANOE.--[SEE PAGES 350 AND +351.]] + + + + +MAHMOUD THE SYCE. + +BY SARA KEABLES HUNT. + + +[Illustration: THE SYCE ON DUTY.] + +One of the most novel and interesting sights which attracts the +traveller's attention when he first arrives in Egypt is the syce running +before the horses as they go through the narrow, closely packed streets. +How the crowd scatters, and the donkey-boys hustle their meek property +out of the way as one of those runners comes bounding along, shouting, +in the strange Arabic tongue, "Clear the way!" The sun shines upon his +velvet vest, glittering with its spangled trimmings, the breeze fills +the large floating sleeves till they wave backward like white wings. +Then on dash the spirited horses, dogs bark, children squeal, beggars +dodge, men swear, and women, holding their face-veil closer, ejaculate +fiercely. + +On springs the syce; what cares he for man or beast? while proudly +following rolls the rich equipage, or prances the Arab steed with its +turbaned rider and Oriental robes. + +Mahmoud, the subject of this little sketch, was the syce of a rich Pasha +in Cairo; he was a favorite with his master, and everybody loved +him--even the horses would neigh joyfully at his approach, and eat from +his hand as gently as a dog. His life was an easy one, for, being a +favorite, no arduous duties were placed upon him, and his strength was +encouraged and sustained by the master for the swift running which +commands so much admiration. So agile did he become, that no name among +the syce of Egypt was more renowned than that of Mahmoud. Often at the +latticed windows bright eyes of hidden beauties followed him through the +narrow streets, and watched for his coming as he led the way for his +master each morning in his rides. Sometimes they threaded their way +through the crowded bazars amid scenes of the _Arabian Nights_, +breathing wonderful Eastern perfumes, gazing on rare gems and exquisite +embroideries; and again, down the road to the Pyramids, with the soft +air blowing in his face, trees waving overhead, and birds singing +merrily; or, in the blood-red sunset, passing down the Choubra Road, the +fashionable drive of Cairo, with its shade of gnarled old sycamores, and +crowded with conveyances of every description. Sometimes he led the way +for the harem carriage, very proud of the honor. + +One morning the Pasha sat in his garden under the blossoming +orange-tree, smoking his chibouque, and talking with his friend the Bey +from Alexandria, whose horse stood in the path champing impatiently at +his bit, and held by his syce, Abdullah, in his gay costume. They talked +of politics, the condition of the country, its financial troubles; they +spoke of their religion and their mosque, of the Suez Canal, the +improvements of the city, the Khedive's new palace, their own +dwelling-places. By-and-by the conversation ran upon their horses and +their favorite syce. + +"Abdullah can outrun them all," said the Bey. + +"Not so," replied the Pasha; "my Mahmoud is the finest runner in +Cairo--ay, in all Egpyt." + +"Sayest thou so?" cried the Bey. "Come and let us test their skill." + +"Most surely," answered the Pasha, "and I will give a prize to the boy +who wins." + +The news soon spread over Cairo that Mahmoud and Abdullah were to run a +race, the winner to receive a costly girdle of rich embroidery, finished +with a clasp set with gems. Great was the interest, and on the day +appointed crowds assembled to see the race, gathering long before the +competitors appeared. + +What a motley group there was! Camels with their riders, stylish +carriages with pretty French children, rosy-cheeked English girls, +Italian singers, American officers and tourists, English lords, wild +desert Arabs, swarthy-faced fellaheen, pistachio and pea-nut dealers, +donkey-boys, beggars, and peddlers. A Turkish band played a quick +reveille. Here they come! The crowd cheers--the signal is given--they +are off! The general sympathy is with Mahmoud, but Abdullah is a strong +fellow, of tremendous muscle, more experience, and mighty will, so that +little Mahmoud has a rival of no mean powers. + +Every eye is fixed upon those two figures, side by side, leaping onward +in graceful bounds. Forward they fly, past the cotton field, around the +curved path; but look!-- Abdullah is ahead; Mahmoud seems far behind. +The band plays quicker. Abdullah is flying; he will win; he-- But no; +Mahmoud is gaining; he nears his rival. Abdullah sees and strains every +nerve, but in vain. Mahmoud swings his light wand over his head, and +shoots by like an arrow. It is over; the goal is reached. Mahmoud has +won, and amid the loud cheers of the crowd the Pasha descends from his +carriage, and places the glittering sash around the victor's waist. +Abdullah approaches, gives his successful rival a hearty salam, which +awakens fresh applause. Somebody scatters a shower of gold coins over +them, and the crowd disperses. + + + + +[_By special arrangement with the author, the cards contributed to this +useful series, by W. J. ROLFE, A.M., formerly Head-Master of the +Cambridge High School, will, for the present, first appear in HARPER'S +YOUNG PEOPLE._] + +CAMBRIDGE SERIES + +OF + +INFORMATION CARDS FOR SCHOOLS. + + +The English Language. + +BY + +W. J. ROLFE, A.M. + +The inscription on the Soldiers' Monument in Boston, written by the +President of Harvard College, has been much admired. It reads thus: + + TO THE MEN OF BOSTON + WHO DIED FOR THEIR COUNTRY + ON LAND AND SEA IN THE WAR + WHICH KEPT THE UNION WHOLE + DESTROYED SLAVERY + AND MAINTAINED THE CONSTITUTION + THE GRATEFUL CITY + HAS BUILT THIS MONUMENT + THAT THEIR EXAMPLE MAY SPEAK + TO COMING GENERATIONS + +What is to be said is here said in the simplest way. There is no waste +of words, no attempt at display. It is a model of good English, brief, +clear, and strong. If a school-boy had written it, he would have thought +it a fine chance for using big words. He would have said, "The citizens +of Boston who sacrificed their lives," not "the men who died"; and +"preserved the integrity of the Union," not "kept the Union whole"; and +"erected," not "built." And some men who have written much in newspapers +and books would have made the same mistake of choosing long words where +short ones give the sense as well or better. + +A great preacher once said that he made it a rule never to use a word of +three or two syllables when a word of two syllables or one syllable +would convey the thought as well; and the rule is a good one. In reading +we want to get at the sense through the words; and the less power the +mind has to spend on the words, the more it has left for the thought +that lies behind them. Here the simple words that we have known and used +from childhood are the ones that hinder us least. We see through them at +once, and the thought is ours with the least possible labor. + +Those who urge the use of simple English often lay stress on choosing +"Saxon" rather than "Classical" words, and it is well to know what this +means. + +The English is a mixed language, made up from various sources. Its +history is the history of the English race, and the main facts are +these: + +Britain was first peopled, so far as we know, by men of the Celtic (or +Keltic) race, of which the native Irish are types. The names of the +rivers, mountains, and other natural features of the land are mostly +Celtic, just as in this country they are mostly Indian. About fifty +years before the Christian era the Romans conquered Britain, and held it +for about 500 years. They brought in the Latin language; but few traces +of it now remain except in the names of certain towns and cities. The +mass of the people kept their old Celtic tongue. Between the years 450 +and 550 A.D. Britain was invaded and conquered by German tribes, chiefly +Angles and Saxons. It now became _Angleland_, or _England_; and the +language became what is called _Anglo-Saxon_, except in the mountains of +Wales and of Scotland, where Celtic is found to this day. In the ninth +and tenth centuries the Danes invaded England, and ruled it for a time, +but they caused no great change in the language. In the year 1066 the +Norman Conquest took place, and William the Conqueror became King of +England. Large numbers of the Norman French came with him, and French +became the language of the court and of the nobility. By degrees our +English language grew out of the blending of the Anglo-Saxon of the +common people and the Norman French of their new rulers, the former +furnishing most of the _grammar_, the latter supplying many of the +_words_. Now the French was of Latin origin, and the English thus got an +important Latin or "Classical" element, which has since been increased +by the adding of many Greek and Latin words, especially scientific and +technical terms. + +The two great events in the history of the English language, as of the +English people, are the Saxon and the Norman conquests. To the former it +owes its grammatical frame-work, or skeleton; to the latter much of its +vocabulary, or the flesh that fills out the living body. + +It must not be inferred that our grammar is just like the Anglo-Saxon +because this is the _basis_ of it. The Anglo-Saxon had many more +_inflections_ (case-endings of nouns and pronouns, etc.) than the +French, and in the forming of English most of these were dropped, +prepositions and auxiliaries coming to be used instead. It was not until +about A.D. 1550 that the language had become in the main what it now is. +Some words have since been lost, and many have been added, but its +grammar has changed very little. Our version of the Bible, published in +1611, shows what English then was (and had been for fifty years or +more), and has done much to keep it from further change. + +As a rule the most common words--those that chiefly make up the language +of childhood and of every-day life--are Saxon; and very many of them are +words of one syllable. In the inscription above, every monosyllable is +Saxon, with _Boston_, _grateful_, and _coming_; the rest are French or +Latin. In the case of pairs of words having the same meaning, one is +likely to be Saxon, the other Classical. Thus _happiness_ is Saxon, +_felicity_ is French; _begin_ is Saxon, _commence_ is French; _freedom_ +is Saxon, _liberty_ is French, etc. The Saxon is often to be preferred, +though not always; but, as has been implied above, if a short and simple +word conveys our meaning, we should never put it aside for a longer and +less familiar one. In such cases the chances are that the former is +Saxon, and the latter Classical. Thus above, _citizens_, _sacrificed_, +_preserved_, _integrity_, and _erected_ are all Classical. + + + + +THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. + +BY EDWARD C. CARY. + + +CHAPTER III. + +Washington spent about nine months with the army around Boston. Several +times he was ready to attack the British, and to try and drive them from +the city; but his officers were afraid the army was not strong enough. +So Washington had to wait and watch--he had a good deal of waiting and +watching to do all through the war, for that matter. At last, in March, +1776, the Americans around Boston having gradually pushed closer and +closer, the British found that they must either leave or fight. Their +General did not feel strong enough to fight, so he put his men on ships +and sailed away to Halifax. Of course the Americans were greatly +rejoiced. Washington got much praise, and deserved it, for he had shown +great good judgment and skill in his management of the army. + +Washington knew that the British would soon come back, and thought they +would come to New York. So he took nearly all his army, and marched them +westward to that city. + +Early in July the British came, as Washington had expected, and made +their camp on the beautiful hillsides of Staten Island. They brought +with them what they called propositions for peace. These were simply +offers to pardon the Americans for resisting the British tax laws, if +they would now obey them. But this would only have left things exactly +as they were in the beginning; it came too late. The Americans had +already made up their minds that they would not obey the British laws +which taxed them, nor any laws of Great Britain, but that in the future +they would make their own laws in such manner as seemed to them most +just. This purpose was written out in a long paper called the +Declaration of Independence, and was signed on the Fourth of July, 1776, +by the members of Congress. General Washington caused the Declaration of +Independence to be read to his soldiers. "Now," he said to them, "the +peace and safety of our country depend, under God, solely on the success +of our arms," and he appealed to "every officer and soldier to act with +fidelity and courage." + +The year 1776 was a very gloomy one. All efforts to hold New York +failed. A hard battle was fought around Brooklyn (August 27), and the +Americans were badly beaten. Washington had to give up New York, and +content himself with trying to keep the British from going to +Philadelphia. Late in the fall he got across the Delaware River, with +the British close on his heels. Soon the river filled with ice, as the +cold weather came on, and the two armies lay one on one side and the +other on the other. The American troops had dwindled away until there +were only about three thousand of them. + +Washington resolved that something must be done to raise the spirits of +the country, or the people would lose all hope of resisting the British +with success. At Trenton, on the opposite side from his own army, lay a +force of Hessians, who were German soldiers, hired by Great Britain to +come to America to fight, and Washington formed the plan of capturing +them. + +On Christmas-eve, 1776, he crossed the Delaware with 2400 men. The night +was bitterly cold; a pelting hail-storm was falling; ice in great blocks +was running down the stream, and hindered the boats, so that the army +did not get across until four o'clock in the morning. Then the soldiers +formed in ranks in the darkness, and being divided into two parties, +started for Trenton, nine miles below. Washington led one of the +parties, and General Sullivan the other. As they plodded along through +the hail and snow, some of the men, exhausted, fell by the road-side, +and of these two froze to death before they could be rescued. + +As the men under Washington reached Trenton, and began to capture the +Hessian soldiers set as sentinels to watch the road, they heard firing +on the other side of the town, and knew that Sullivan's men had come up. +Then both parties rushed swiftly toward the centre of the town, and with +very little bloodshed a thousand prisoners were taken. This was a great +success of itself, and had the effect which Washington had hoped for: it +gave the whole country new courage. + +Washington then started back toward New York, and so rapid was his march +that the British commander became frightened lest the Americans should +retake the city, and he too went quickly back, and gave up all thought +of reaching Philadelphia that year. + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +A DISOBEDIENT SOLDIER. + +BY DAVID KER. + + +"Now, lads, there's the battery; remember the Emperor himself is +watching you, and carry it in true French style. The moment you get into +it, make yourselves fast against attack; and mind that any man who comes +out again to pick up the wounded, even though I myself should be among +them, shall be tried for disobedience as soon as the battle's over." + +So spoke Colonel Lasalle to his French grenadiers just before the final +charge that decided the battle of Wagram. Then he waved his sword, and +shouted, "_En avant!_" + +Forward swept the grenadiers like a torrent, with the shout which the +Austrians opposed to them already knew to their cost. Through blinding +smoke and pelting shot they rushed headlong on, with mouths parched, +faces burning, and teeth set like a vise. Ever and anon a red flash rent +the murky cloud around them, and the cannon-shot came tearing through +their ranks, mowing them down like grass. But not a man flinched, for +the same thought was in every mind, that they were fighting under the +eye of their "Little Corporal," as they affectionately called the +terrible Napoleon. + +Suddenly the smoke parted, and right in front of them appeared the dark +muzzles of cannon, and the white uniforms of Austrian soldiers. One last +shout, which rose high above all the roar of the battle, the bayonets +went glittering over the breastwork like the spray of a breaking wave, +and the battery was won. + +"Where's the Colonel?" cried a voice, suddenly. + +There was no answer. The handful of men that remained of the doomed band +looked meaningly at each other, but no one spoke. Strict disciplinarian +as he was, seldom passing a day without punishing some one, the old +Colonel had nevertheless won his men's hearts completely by his reckless +courage in battle; and every man in the regiment would gladly have +risked his life to save that of "the old growler," as they called him. + +But if he were not with them, where was he? Outside the battery the +whole ground was scourged into flying jets of dust by a storm of bullets +from the fight that was still raging on the left. In such a cross-fire +it seemed as if nothing living could escape, and if he had fallen +_there_, there was but little hope for him. + +"_I_ see him!" cried a tall grenadier. "He's lying out yonder, and +alive, too, for I saw him wave his hand just now. I'll have him here in +five minutes, boys, or be left there beside him." + +"But you mustn't disobey orders, Dubois," said a young Captain (now the +oldest surviving officer, so terrible had been the havoc), hoping by +this means to stop the reckless man from rushing upon certain death. +"Remember what the Colonel told you--that even if he _were_ left among +the wounded, no one must go out to pick them up." + +"I can't help that," answered the soldier, laying down his musket and +tightening the straps of his cross-belts. "Captain, report Private +Dubois for insubordination and breach of discipline. I'm going out to +bring in the Colonel." + +And he stepped forth unflinchingly into the deadly space beyond. + +They saw him approach the spot where the Colonel lay; they saw him bend +over the fallen man, shielding him from the shot with his own body. Then +he was seen to stagger suddenly, as if from a blow; but the next moment +he had the Colonel in his arms, and was struggling back over the +shot-torn ground, through the dying and the dead. Twice he stopped +short, as if unable to go farther; but on he came again, and had just +laid his officer gently down inside the battery, when, with his +comrades' shout of welcome still ringing in his ears, he fell fainting +to the earth, covered with blood. + + * * * * * + +By the next morning Colonel Lasalle had recovered sufficiently to amaze +the whole regiment by putting under arrest the man who had saved his +life; but the moment it was done, the Colonel mounted his horse, and +rode off to head-quarters at full gallop. In about an hour he was seen +coming back again, side by side with a short, square-built man in a gray +coat and cocked hat, at sight of whom the soldiers burst into deafening +cheers, for he was no other than the Emperor Napoleon. + +"Let me see this fellow," said Napoleon, sternly; and two grenadiers led +forward Pierre Dubois, so weak from his wounds that he could hardly +stand. + +"So, fellow, thou hast dared to disobey orders, ha?" cried the Emperor, +in his harshest tones. + +"I have, sire. And if it were to be done again, I'd do it." + +"And what if we were to shoot thee for insubordination?" + +"My life is your Majesty's, now as always," answered the grenadier, +boldly. "And if I must choose between dying myself and leaving my +Colonel to die, the old regiment can better spare a common fellow like +me than a brave officer like him." + +A sudden spasm shook the old Colonel's iron face as he listened, and +even Napoleon's stern gray eyes softened as few men had ever seen them +soften yet. + +"Thou'rt wrong _there_," said he, "for I would not give a 'common +fellow' of thy sort for twenty Colonels, were every one of them as good +as my old Lasalle here. Take this, _Sergeant_ Dubois"--and he fastened +his own cross of the Legion of Honor to Pierre's breast. "I warrant me +thou'lt be a Colonel thyself one of these days." + +And sure enough, five years later, Pierre Dubois was not only a Colonel, +but a General. + + + + +[Illustration: READY TO MOVE--MAY-DAY IN THE CITY.] + + + + +THE NAUGHTY CUCKOO AND THE BOBOLINKS. + +BY AGNES CARR. + + +Spring had come, with its buds and blossoms, warm bright days and gentle +showers, and the old apple-tree at the end of the garden was putting on +its new spring dress of green leaves and tiny pink buds, which before +long would open into sweet blossoms, and still later turn into ripe +golden fruit, when a pair of Bobolinks came flying through the garden +one fine morning house-hunting, or rather looking for a nice place to +build a nest and go to housekeeping. + +"Here is a good spot," said the little husband, whose name was Robert, +perching on a limb of the old apple-tree and poking his bill into a +crotch formed by a crooked branch. + +"So it is," said Linny, his wife, "for the leaves will soon be out and +hide the nest from sight:" and they began to chatter so fast about the +nice home they would have there, that it sounded like nothing but +"Bob-o-link, bob-o-link, spink, spank, spink," so that two little girls +who were playing with their dolls under the tree said, "What a noise +those Bobolinks make! what are they chattering so about?" + +Soon, however, they saw the little birds flying back and forth, back and +forth, with bits of hair and straw in their bills, and then they said to +one another, "The Bobolinks are building a nest," and they hung pieces +of cotton and bunches of thread on the lower limbs of the tree, and +watched to see Robert carry them off to weave into the outside of the +nest, while Linny made a soft lining of hair inside. And at last the +little home was finished, and three pretty eggs laid snugly inside; when +one day, while Robert and Linny had gone to stretch their wings by a +short flight around the garden, an ugly old Cuckoo, who had seen the +Bobolinks flying in and out of the tree, came and laid a big egg in the +nest; for Cuckoos are lazy birds, and never build houses for themselves, +but steal places to lay their eggs, and let somebody else take care of +their children. + +Now Robert and Linny had never been to school, and could not count; so +when they came back they did not notice that there were four eggs in the +nest instead of three, and Linny settled down on them, quite happy, +while Robert sang a merry song to her, all about birds and flowers, and +brought her nice fat worms and flies to eat, and was just the best +little Bobolink husband in the whole garden. + +And after a while a faint "_peep-peep_" was heard, the eggs all cracked, +and out came four little blind birdies, without any feathers, and ugly +enough, you would have said, but their papa and mamma thought them +lovely. One, however, was as large as the other three put together, and +took up so much room that Linny said: "Oh dear, we have made the nest +too small! When the children grow larger, some will be crowded out." + +"That is strange," said Robert, "for it is the same size as the other +Bobolinks have built, and they have plenty of room." + +"Yes, but just see how big one of the babies is," said Linny. + +Just then Robert saw the Cuckoo on a tree near by, winking one eye, and +laughing until her sides shook, and exclaimed: "I see how it is: that +old thief of a Cuckoo has laid an egg in our nest. I will throw her ugly +child out, and she can look after it herself;" and he made a dive for +the little Cuckoo, but Linny caught him by his tail-feathers, saying: + +"No, no; poor little fellow, he will die if you throw him on the ground. +Let him stay until he gets too big for the nest." + +So the Cuckoo staid. But he was a very bad bird, for after a while, when +he and the little Bobolinks got their eyes open, and had nice coats of +feathers, he would peck at his companions, and take away all the best +bits of bread and fattest worms that their papa and mamma brought them +home for dinner, and was so cross and greedy that Robert would have +pitched him out on the grass if Linny had not begged he might stay a +little longer, and tried to make him behave better. + +The apple-tree was now covered with pink and white blossoms, which grew +around the little nest and made it like a bower. And now the birdies +were learning to fly, and could go to the outer branches of the tree, +where they sat in a row, while their father taught them how to sing. + +"Bob-o-link, bob-o-link, spink, spank, spink," sang Robert. And the +little ones, who could not speak plain, all repeated, "Bob-o-link, +bob-o-link, pink, pank, pink"--all except the biggest bird, who would +only say, "Cuckoo, cuckoo," in a harsh voice. + +At last, one day, Robert said, "Now, children, you are old enough to +leave the tree, and to-day you must begin to go a little way into the +garden." + +"Yes," said their mother, "but take care, and never sit on the ground, +for there is a great yellow cat who will surely eat you up." + +"We will be very careful," said all the little Bobolinks. + +After Billy, Bobby, and Jenny, as well as Cuckoo, had had their feathers +brushed nice and smooth, they were sent out to try their wings; but the +Cuckoo was stronger, and could fly farther than the Bobolinks. + +Bobby flew over to the fence, to see what was on the other side, and the +first thing he spied was the yellow cat creeping slowly along, and she +fixed her eyes right on him. He tried to fly back, but just then the +Cuckoo came behind, and gave him a push which sent him fluttering to the +ground, right in front of Mrs. Pussie. Poor Bobby gave himself up for +lost; but as the cat was about to spring on him, a great dog came +bounding across the yard, which sent the cat scampering off in a hurry, +and saved Bobby, who hastened home as fast as his little wings could +carry him. + +"Pshaw!" said the Cuckoo; "I thought there would be one out of the nest. +But there is the cat under a bush, and Jenny is tilting on a twig just +above, without seeing her." So the naughty bird flew to the rose-bush, +and said, "Jenny, you look as if you were having a nice time." + +"I am," said Jenny; "but don't come on this twig, it won't hold you." + +"Oh yes, it will," said Cuckoo, leaning on the slender spray, which +broke, and fell with Jenny, who was too frightened to fly; and quick as +lightning the cat seized and carried her off in her mouth. + +"Ha, ha, ha," laughed Cuckoo; "there will be room in the nest now." But +at that moment the two little girls came out of the house, saw the cat +with the bird, and made her drop Jenny on the grass. She was not much +hurt, and they carried her gently back to the apple-tree, and gave her +to her papa and mamma. The Cuckoo then went to look for Billy; but as he +was passing the flower garden he saw a juicy white angle-worm lying in a +bed of violets, and feeling hungry, stopped to take a little lunch. + +The worm was very nice, and Cuckoo enjoyed it very much, when, just as +he was swallowing the last morsel, the cat came stealing softly from +under a wood-pile, and thinking if birds could lunch on worms, she could +lunch on birds, pounced upon Cuckoo, and carried him off; and nothing +more was ever seen of him, except a few feathers scattered near the door +of the wood-shed. These Billy saw, and went home to tell the sad story. + + + + +[Illustration: ROBINSON CRUSOE JAP.] + + + + +[Illustration: OUR POST-OFFICE BOX.] + + + ORISKANY, NEW YORK. + + I am a little boy, and I take YOUNG PEOPLE, which I like very + much. I enjoy reading the children's letters, and I want to tell + you about my squirrel that I caught the 26th of March, while + hunting with one of my playmates. His dog chased it into a hollow + stump. He put his hat on top of the slump, and we built a little + fire at the bottom, and the smoke drove the squirrel into the hat. + I carried it home, and a few days ago I found in the cage five + little baby squirrels. One of them died, but I hope the rest will + live. I think they will, for their mother takes good care of them. + I feed her with all kinds of nuts, and she is getting very tame. + + ALFRED H. H. + + * * * * * + + LANSING, MICHIGAN. + + I think that YOUNG PEOPLE is a very nice paper. I am making a + collection of birds' eggs, shells, stones, and other curiosities. + Papa made me a birthday present of some minerals, nicely labelled. + I saw some willow "pussies" on March 21. Now we have robins, + bluebirds, blackbirds, and many other birds singing. We have a + great deal of fun with "Misfits," given in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 22. + + JESSIE I. B. + + * * * * * + + BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. + + I have been very sick, and can not go to school, so I will write + you about my turtles. I brought them from Kiskatom last summer. + There were five, but the smallest one died. The largest was two + inches long, and the smallest one only an inch and a quarter. They + are in the cellar, in a tub half filled with mud and water, in + which they buried themselves last fall. I am anxious to see if + they will come out again this spring. I fed them on flies and + earth-worms, and they became very tame. I am going to take them + back to their native place this summer, and let them go. + + EDDIE W. + + * * * * * + + CARDIFF, SOUTH WALES, ENGLAND. + + I read HARPER'S WEEKLY and YOUNG PEOPLE in a subscription + reading-room opposite my house, and some time ago I saw an + invitation to English boys to write, which invitation I beg to + accept. You invited correspondents to write about their pets. I + have a paroquet. It was brought me by a captain. It was captured + in India. It can not quite talk, but I often think it tries to. It + imitates my whistle very well. Its usual note is a sort of + chirping whistle. It always knows when meal-times are, and cries + out until it has a share. About ten o'clock in the morning it + becomes very talkative in its own language, and I answer it. + + LEWIS G. D. + + * * * * * + + PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. + + I am a little girl seven years old. I go to a lovely place on the + sea-shore in summer. Crabbing is the best fun you can have there. + It is best to go on a rainy day. You take a crab-net, which is a + long pole with an iron ring at one end, and a net dropping from + it. Another person takes a line with some meat on it, and lets it + down into the water. When the crab comes to eat, you catch it with + the net. I went crabbing with my nurse one day, and we caught a + peach-basketful of crabs. + + N. D. + + * * * * * + + GREENVILLE, OHIO. + + I want to tell you about some Punch-and-Judy figures I made + myself. I give a Punch-and-Judy show every Saturday, and I make + from five to ten cents each time. The boys tease me to play it all + the time. I am eleven years old, and I can play Punch and Judy + very well. + + WILLIE G. H. + + * * * * * + + HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. + + I was very much interested in Gertrude Balch's letter in No. 17, + because her name is the same as my own. I have a little brother, + who asks every day if that is not the day for YOUNG PEOPLE to + come. At grandma's, where I am visiting, there are two cats, named + Nancy and John, and my aunt has an Esquimaux dog that is very + large and handsome. He sleeps under my bed every night. I wish + some little girl would please tell me how I can tame birds. + + DAISIE BALCH. + + * * * * * + + I thought, perhaps, you would like a letter from Tallahoma, + Tennessee; and I want to tell you that YOUNG PEOPLE is a very + welcome visitor at our house. The story "Across the Ocean" is just + splendid. Spring is here. Peach-trees were in bloom before the + middle of March, and now we have a great many flowers. + + ROBERT H. D. + + * * * * * + + BROOKSIDE FARM, MISSOURI, _March 30, 1880_. + + I heard a whip-poor-will this morning for the first time this + year, and would be very glad if others would inform me if they + have heard the bird this spring. I heard a cat-bird trilling its + notes about a week ago, and bluebirds, martins, and other birds + have made their appearance. Pewits are building their nests. + Brother Le Verne gets YOUNG PEOPLE, and we have all the numbers + published. We all like it very much. I like the articles on + natural history best, and as I have seen some of the animals + described, it makes it more interesting to me. + + WROTON K. + + * * * * * + + CHAMBERSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA. + + I am very fond of reading; and when I go to my father's office + every Wednesday evening to get YOUNG PEOPLE, the first thing I + look at is the Post-office Department. Nearly all of your + correspondents have pets. I have a dear little dog named Sport. He + is very playful and mischievous, and is exceedingly fond of taffy + and pea-nuts. + + EMMA M. + + * * * * * + + ANGELS CAMP, CALIFORNIA. + + We like YOUNG PEOPLE ever so much. Mamma reads us the stories. I + read the letters, and try to find out the puzzles. I have a pet + dog named Rover. He plays hide-and-seek with me; and he will eat + corn like a dog I read about in the Post-office of No. 18. My + little sister has a pet hen named Tansie, and a boy who lives next + door has two guinea-pigs. + + WILLIE H. C. + + * * * * * + + WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. + + I was nine years old last October. Papa subscribed for YOUNG + PEOPLE for my New-Year's gift for 1880, and I like it so much! The + puzzles are very interesting, and make many a pleasant evening for + us children. I think the story of "A Boy's First Voyage" is grand. + I have had two pets this winter--a beautiful English rabbit and a + very handsome kitty. Kitty can open any of the doors in the house + that has a latch, and walk in as independent as you please. Bunny + was very jealous of her, and would chase her and tease her so that + I gave him to Cousin Georgie, for kitty had the oldest right. Now + she has three of the fattest little baby kittens you ever saw. + When they begin to run around, they will make lots of sport for + us. Old kitty has to give them several boxings a day with her paw. + + STIMMIE H. C. + + * * * * * + + FAIRFIELD, NEW YORK. + + I am eight years old. My sister Fannie and I have a pet cat. We + were all at tea one evening, when we heard the piano in the other + room. We ran in there, and kitty was sitting on the stool playing + her best piece. + + JESSIE V. W. + + * * * * * + + FARMINGTON, MAINE. + + I am a little girl eleven years old. I have a cat named P. T. + Barnum. He always knows when the meat-man comes. Even if he is + asleep, he will wake up, and begin to cry until he gets a piece of + meat. He is a very handsome Maltese. I call him P. T. + + MABEL S. + + * * * * * + + EDGEWOOD PLANTATION, LOUISIANA. + + I am a little girl eight years old, and I live on the banks of the + Mississippi River. My mamma takes YOUNG PEOPLE for me. I ride a + pony to school every day. I wanted to tell you about my pets, and + my dolls too, but I must not make my first letter too long. + + LIZZIE C. M. + + * * * * * + +The two following communications were written in big capitals: + + NEW YORK CITY. + + There was a little girl who had four dolls. One of them was + French; the other three were wax. There was a parrot in the house + where the little girl lived. This little girl had a nurse she + loved very much. The little girl had a brother whose name was + Harry. He had a little boat that went by steam. He sailed it in + the bath-tub. + + BESSIE HYDE. + + * * * * * + + BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. + + I have two canary-birds, but one of them will not sing. I had two + pretty little guinea-pigs, but a big dog killed one of them, and + ate it up. I am glad when the newsman brings YOUNG PEOPLE. Mamma + reads all the stories to me. + + NANNIE HAYES. + + * * * * * + + ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. + + I am eight years old. I am sick now with the measles, and mamma + has read all the stories in the last YOUNG PEOPLE to me. I wish + the next one would come. I have a little dog named Frolic. He will + sit up, and turn over, and speak for something to eat. + + NED BISHOP. + + * * * * * + + BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. + + My name is "Wee Tot." My papa writes this letter for me. By-and-by + I will write myself. I have shells, and ocean mosses, and stuffed + birds that don't sing, and a big owl, and some alligators, + and--oh! I don't know--lots of things. I wish some little boy or + girl would send me some pressed flowers and grasses, and some + pretty stones and leaves. Then I will send them some of my pretty + things. I will put them in a tin case, and papa will send them in + the Post-office. + + "WEE TOT" BRAINARD, + 257 Washington Street (Room 20), Boston. + + * * * * * + + I see the children telling about their pets. I have a little dog + that can turn somersaults. He shuts doors when you tell him to, + and gives you his paw if you ask him in French. He is a black and + tan. Then I have a pet kitten, and I tie a blue ribbon round its + neck. It jumps through my arms; but it is too fond of staying out + all night on the fences. I have seventeen dolls. The largest is a + Japanese baby, and is as large as a live one. Another doll is nine + years old, and is named Shawnee. I have a very large baby-house. I + wrote to Mamie Jones, and sent her some flower seeds to exchange. + Will some other little girl exchange some with me? + + GUSSIE SHARP, + 438 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, New York. + + * * * * * + + I live in Springwells, Detroit, Michigan. I have a little dog + named Phanor. He is not as big as a rabbit. Je parle Francais + aussi bien que l'Anglais. + + MARCEL FERRAND. + + * * * * * + + If "Genevieve" will wait until summer, I will be very glad to + exchange some of our pressed flowers for hers. + + BESSIE BARNEY, + 142 Lake Street, Cleveland, Ohio. + + * * * * * + + If "Genevieve," of Galt, California, will send me her address, I + will be pleased to exchange specimens of pressed flowers with her. + + LOU PORTER, + Corry, Erie Co., Pennsylvania. + + * * * * * + +Miss Rosenbaum, of Raleigh, North Carolina, wishes for "Genevieve's" +address, for the purpose of exchanging pressed flowers with her. + + * * * * * + + If "Genevieve" will send me her address, I will send her a bouquet + when our flowers bloom. + + MAGGIE E. DEARDORFF, + Canal Dover, Ohio. + + * * * * * + + _April 8, 1880_. + + I am a little girl eleven years old. I was out in the woods + to-day, and I found this little hepatica which I send you. + Although I live farther north than many of the children, I have + found a spring flower as early as most of them. If that little + girl named Genevieve, in California, will send me her address, I + will be very glad to exchange pressed flowers with her. + + JESSIE KILBORN, + Petoskey, Michigan. + + * * * * * + + DETROIT, MICHIGAN. + + I thought I would tell you about our goat Minnie. She is one year + and a half old, and is pure white. In the winter we hitch her to a + little sleigh, and she pulls us all around. She runs on the + curb-stone very fast, and does not fall off, and what we think + very strange is that she will come to no one but me. She plays + cross-tag with us, and when she is "it," no one can tag her back. + Will you please tell me in what month the crow builds its nest? + + JOSEPH E. G. + +The crow makes its nest at the beginning of warm weather. In England it +is often at work collecting sticks by the first of April, but in this +country, especially in the northern portion, it rarely begins its labors +before the last of May. Its nest is in the top of very high trees, and +when viewed from below resembles a shapeless bundle of sticks, but the +inner nest, which is made of hair and wool, is a beautifully smooth and +soft resting-place for the five green, spotted eggs. Young crows are +very ugly and awkward, and make a singular noise like a cry, but they +are very easily tamed, and make very affectionate although mischievous +pets. + + * * * * * + +W. M. CHAPMAN.--"_Zoe mou, sas agapo_" the refrain of Byron's poem to +the "Maid of Athens," means "My life, I love you." + + * * * * * + +ERNEST K.--The letter you inquire about is genuine, as are all the +others we print. + + * * * * * + +MABEL G. H.--You will find the recipe of a pot-pourri in the BAZAR for +February 2, 1878. + + * * * * * + +EMMA S. and LYMAN C.--A pretty ornamental cover for YOUNG PEOPLE will be +ready on the conclusion of the first volume. + + * * * * * + +LILY B.--If your poor canary allows you to handle it, you can hold it +for a moment in tepid water, which will refresh it very much. + + * * * * * + + TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN. + + I like to draw the "Wiggles" in YOUNG PEOPLE. We have a little + black pony, and we call him "Nig." When he is hungry, he paws with + his foot. I am twelve years old. Will you please tell me what + fid-dle-de-dee is in French? + + NELLIE M. C. + +There is no French translation of that word. If a Frenchman wished to +express the same idea, he would probably shrug his shoulders and say, +"Bah!" + + * * * * * + +Favors are acknowledged from Charlie Markward, Bessie H. S., Johnnie S., +K. V. L., Perley B. T., R. Crary, Charles W. L., James B. E., Marion +King, Bessie Longnecker, T. Horton, Lourina C., George Paul, +T. H. V. T., Willie, Tom W. S., Miss E. P., Carrie Rauchfuss, Ida King, +Willie Orcutt, M. L. Cornell, Mamie H., Elvira D. H., Rita F. Morris, +Carrie H. and Olive R., Carrie Pope, E. M. Rosenberg, Louie, Edith W. + + * * * * * + +Correct answers to puzzles are received from Frank MacDavitt, Louisa +Gates, William S., T. K. Durham, H. F. Phillips, Emma L. C., W. G. +Warner, Willie H. Lane, "Tout ou rien," John Inghram, Jun., Mary +Kingsbury, Jennie, George Fisher, Reginald F., "Hope," Lloyd Clark, +Marion Norcross, Rosie Macdonald, Marie M., Jennie Yatman, Mary Randol, +Emma Schaffer, Katie Gould, Emily Theberath, L. Mahler, Cora Frost, W. +Kenney, Lizzie Chapman, Nellie W. and Birdie S., J. B. Whitlock, William +and Mary Tiddy, W. S. Naldrett, J. R. Glen, E. A. Cushing, Gertrude R. + + * * * * * + +PUZZLES FROM YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS. + +No. 1. + +ENIGMA. + + My first is in run, but not in walk. + My second is in shout, but not in talk. + My third is in barn, but not in house. + My fourth is in pheasant, and also in grouse. + My fifth is in April, but not in May. + My sixth is in night, but not in day. + My seventh is in bud, but not in flower. + My eighth is in rain, and also in shower. + My ninth is in flute, but not in fife. + My tenth is in cousin, but not in wife. + My eleventh is in circle, but not in ring. + My whole was the name of a Scottish king. + + W. K. + + * * * * * + +No. 2. + +RIDDLE. + +What familiar motto is composed of four E's, three M's, two R's, and one +B? + + C. L. S. + + * * * * * + +No. 3. + +NUMERICAL CHARADE. + + I am composed of 14 letters. + My 13, 14, 12, 10 is seen at night. + My 9, 11, 8 is a resting-place. + My 10, 12, 14 is a troublesome animal. + My 3, 12, 1, 2, 5 is a title. + My 3, 6, 4, 5, 7 is a word often applied to the sea. + My whole is a sweet name for a bird. + + REBECCA. + + * * * * * + +No. 4. + +RHOMBOID. + +Across--A tree; adjacent; a peculiar pace; a boy's name. Down--In pint; +a preposition; a snare; a title; a species of deer; a preposition; in +pint. + + RIP VAN WINKLE. + + * * * * * + +No. 5. + +ANAGRAMS. + +[The letters contained in each of these sentences, if correctly +arranged, spell one word.] + +1. Pin a poor bat. 2. There we sat. 3. Trust in coin. 4. Pear root. 5. +Rome's gate. 6. Go, let a cat run. + + C. P. T. + + * * * * * + +No. 6. + +ENIGMA. + + My first is in fame, but not in glory. + My second is in lie, but not in story. + My third is in aged, but not in old. + My fourth is in heat, but not in cold. + My fifth is in boy, but not in child. + My sixth is in rampant, but not in wild. + My seventh is in sane, but not in fool. + My whole is much studied in college and school. + + N. L. C. + + * * * * * + +ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN NO. 23. + +No. 1. + +Sapphire. + +No. 2. + + N O N E + O V E N + N E E D + E N D S + +No. 3. + + H + Y O U + H O U S E + U S E + E + +No. 4. + + A r T + T a R + L y E + A n N + N u T + T w O + A mazo N + +Atlanta, Trenton. + +No. 5. + +Christopher Columbus. + +No. 6. + + N A I L S + A N N I E + I N M A N + L I A R S + S E N S E + + + + +ADVERTISEMENTS. + + + + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at +the following rates--_payable in advance, postage free_: + + SINGLE COPIES $0.04 + ONE SUBSCRIPTION, _one year_ 1.50 + FIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS, _one year_ 7.00 + +Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it +will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the +Number issued after the receipt of order. + +Remittances should be made by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER or DRAFT, to avoid +risk of loss. + +ADVERTISING. + +The extent and character of the circulation of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE +will render it a first-class medium for advertising. A limited number of +approved advertisements will be inserted on two inside pages at 75 cents +per line. + + Address + HARPER & BROTHERS, + Franklin Square, N. Y. + + + + +FINE TROUT TACKLE. + +[Illustration] + +We offer a fine 3 Joint Fly Rod, 15 yard Brass Reel, 100 ft. Linen Line, +3 Flies, 3 Hooks to gut, & Leader, complete, by express for $5.00; by +mail, postpaid, $5.50; sample Flies by mail, postpaid, 10c. each; per +doz., $1.00; complete Catalogue Free. + + PECK & SNYDER, Manufacturers, + 124 and 126 Nassau St., N. Y. + + + + +FREE BY MAIL. + +[Illustration] + + 12 Roses, all of the best named sorts, including + Duchess of Edinburgh, Nephetos + or Cornelia Cook, $1.00 + 13 Geraniums, including New Life and + Happy Thought, 1.00 + 16 Tube Roses, 1.00 + 16 Gladiolas, all flowering bulbs, 1.00 + 8 Of each of the above two, 1.00 + 4 Palms, nice plants, all different, 1.00 + 12 Begonias, all different, 1.00 + 10 Ferns, all different, 1.00 + 6 Crotons, the best sorts for high colors, 1.00 + 12 New Fancy Coleus, all different, 1.00 + 6 Fancy Caladiums, in sorts, 1.00 + 8 Dahlias, in sorts, 1.00 + 24 Sorts of Annual Flower Seeds, 1.00 + 12 Sorts of Perennials and Greenhouse Seeds, 1.00 + +Our =$5.00 Collection= of Fancy Plants for the Conservatory is +unsurpassed. + +To clubs we make special rates. =6= of the above collections for +=$5.00=; all sent by mail. _Send for Catalogue._ + + B. P. CRITCHELL, + 197 West Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio. + + + + +FISHING OUTFITS. + +CATALOGUE FREE. + +R. SIMPSON, 132 Nassau Street, N. Y. + + + + +The Child's Book of Nature. + + * * * * * + + The Child's Book of Nature, for the Use of Families and Schools: + intended to aid Mothers and Teachers in Training Children in the + Observation of Nature. In Three Parts. Part I. Plants. Part II. + Animals. Part III. Air, Water, Heat, Light, &c. By WORTHINGTON + HOOKER, M.D. Illustrated. The Three Parts complete in One Volume, + Small 4to, Half Leather, $1.31; or, separately, in Cloth, Part I., + 53 cents; Part II., 56 cents; Part III., 56 cents. + + * * * * * + +A beautiful and useful work. It presents a general survey of the kingdom +of nature in a manner adapted to attract the attention of the child, and +at the same time to furnish him with accurate and important scientific +information. While the work is well suited as a class-book for schools, +its fresh and simple style cannot fail to render it a great favorite for +family reading. + +The Three Parts of this book can be had in separate volumes by those who +desire it. This will be advisable when the book is to be used in +teaching quite young children, especially in schools. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on +receipt of the price._ + + + + +Old Books for Young Readers. + + * * * * * + +Arabian Nights' Entertainments. + + The Thousand and One Nights; or, The Arabian Nights' + Entertainments. Translated and Arranged for Family Reading, with + Explanatory Notes, by E. W. LANE. 600 Illustrations by Harvey. 2 + vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3.50. + +Robinson Crusoe. + + The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, + Mariner. By DANIEL DEFOE. With a Biographical Account of Defoe. + Illustrated by Adams. Complete Edition. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50. + +The Swiss Family Robinson. + + The Swiss Family Robinson; or, Adventures of a Father and Mother + and Four Sons on a Desert Island. Illustrated. 2 vols., 18mo, + Cloth, $1.50. + + The Swiss Family Robinson--Continued: being a Sequel to the + Foregoing. 2 vols., 18mo, Cloth, $1.50. + +Sandford and Merton. + + The History of Sandford and Merton. By THOMAS DAY. 18mo, Half + Bound, 75 cents. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on +receipt of the price._ + + + + +CHILDREN'S + +PICTURE-BOOKS. + + Square 4to, about 300 pages each, beautifully printed on Tinted + Paper, embellished with many Illustrations, bound in Cloth, $1.50 + per volume. + +The Children's Picture-Book of Sagacity of Animals. + + With Sixty Illustrations by HARRISON WEIR. + +The Children's Bible Picture-Book. + + With Eighty Illustrations, from Designs by STEINLE, OVERBECK, + VEIT, SCHNORR, &c. + +The Children's Picture Fable-Book. + + Containing One Hundred and Sixty Fables. With Sixty Illustrations + by HARRISON WEIR. + +The Children's Picture-Book of Birds. + + With Sixty-one Illustrations by W. HARVEY. + +The Children's Picture-Book of Quadrupeds and other Mammalia. + + With Sixty-one Illustrations by W. HARVEY. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on +receipt of the price._ + + + + +SOLUTION OF THE BOSSY PUZZLE. + + +[Illustration: Fig. 1.] + +The Bossy Puzzle given in No. 23 of YOUNG PEOPLE is solved by relieving +the Bossy of her disfiguring black patches, and arranging them as in +Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the rustic group that the artist had in his mind +when he invented the puzzle. The only correct solution to this puzzle +that we have received was sent in by Eddie S. Hequembourg. + +[Illustration: Fig. 2.] + + + + +OPTICAL TESTS. + + +[Illustration: Fig. 1.] + +The eye is an organ which is very easily deceived, and needs constant +training to enable it to judge correctly of the relative proportions of +objects of different forms. Most of our readers are probably familiar +with the optical test of guessing the height of an ordinary stove-pipe +hat by measuring off the supposed height on the wall of a room. Those +who have not heard of it will find it interesting to try the experiment. +Take a stick, or walking-cane, and measure off on the wall of a room a +height to which you suppose a stove-pipe hat would reach if placed on +the floor immediately underneath, as represented in Fig. 1. Nine times +out of ten the point selected will be a great deal too high. + +Another point in which the proportions of a hat are very deceptive is +this: The diameter, or distance across the crown, of a silk hat is +greater than the height of the crown of the hat from the brim. Most +people will be very positive that just the reverse is the case. We have +all heard that a horse's head is as long as a flour barrel, and felt +very much inclined _not_ to believe it, though such is the fact. + +[Illustration: Fig. 2.] + +[Illustration: Fig. 3.] + +There is also an optical test which is little known, and far more +surprising: Take three tumblers of the same size, and place them in a +row on the table, as represented in Fig. 2; then withdraw the middle +tumbler, and request any one present to place it at such a distance on +the table from the other two tumblers--as represented in Fig. 3--that +the measurements from C to D and from E to F shall be the same as from A +to B. This test will prove very amusing at any small gathering. Each +person in turn tries his hand; the distance he guesses is marked off on +the table. Then the real distance is measured off, and the tumbler put +in its right place, when it will probably be found that every one has +fallen far short of the right measurement. In Fig. 3 we have only +represented the relative positions of the tumblers; the correct distance +is not given. Try it before you measure. + + + + +AUNT FLORA. + +A BROKEN RHYME. + + + Aunt Flora was a precious ____ + Her sympathies were ever ____ + Her cranberry pies were always ____ + Aunt Flora. + + Her homespun dress was neat and ____ + Her favorite conversation ____ + Kept her employed like Solomon's ____ + Aunt Flora. + + I do not think she had a ____ + But everything she did was ____ + How much I've felt her blessed ____ + Aunt Flora. + + Her heart was sweet and warm as ____ + And you would know from any ____ + Among the wise she was not ____ + Aunt Flora. + + + + +[Illustration: A BOY'S POCKETS.] + +SCHOOL-MASTER. "Are you quite sure you have got nothing more in your +Pockets?" + +BOY. "I've got a Hole in my Vest Pocket, Sir." + +SCHOOL-MASTER (_sternly_). "Take your seat, Sir." + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 27, 1880, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 27, 1880 *** + +***** This file should be named 28833.txt or 28833.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/8/3/28833/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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