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+Project Gutenberg's A Portrait of Old George Town, by Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Portrait of Old George Town
+
+Author: Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
+Release Date: January 6, 2009 [EBook #27716]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PORTRAIT OF OLD GEORGE TOWN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Louise Pattison and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP _of_ GEORGE TOWN]
+
+
+
+
+                _A PORTRAIT_
+
+                    _OF_
+
+              _OLD GEORGE TOWN_
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: EARLY GEORGE TOWN]
+
+
+
+
+                A Portrait of
+               Old George Town
+
+                     BY
+
+             GRACE DUNLOP ECKER
+
+               [Illustration]
+
+                   _1951_
+
+        THE DIETZ PRESS, INCORPORATED
+
+            _Richmond, Virginia_
+
+
+               COPYRIGHT, 1951
+                     BY
+              GRACE G. D. PETER
+
+               SECOND EDITION
+            Revised and Enlarged
+
+    PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
+
+
+                 DEDICATED
+              TO THE MEMORY OF
+            MY FATHER AND MOTHER
+     GEORGE THOMAS AND EMILY REDIN DUNLOP
+                    AND
+            MY AUNT, ELLEN DUNLOP
+     ALL THREE OF WHOM LIVED LONG, USEFUL
+             AND UNSELFISH LIVES
+               IN GEORGETOWN
+
+
+
+
+GEORGE TOWN GHOSTS
+
+_By_ WILLIAM TIPTON TABLOTT
+
+    _The ghosts of Georgetown when they meet
+    In haunted house or moonlit street
+    With pride recall the functions gay
+    When down the Philadelphia way
+    The Federal City overnight
+    Moved to its bare and swampy site,
+    For Georgetown then a busy mart,
+    A growing seaport from the start,
+    Where a whole-hearted spirit reigned,
+    Threw wide its doors, and entertained
+    With wines and viands of the best--
+    The Federal City was its guest._
+
+    _In memory of the good old days,
+    Whose ways to them were modern ways,
+    Congenial ghosts across Rock Creek,
+    With formal bows and steps antique,
+    Rehearse a spectral minuet
+    Where once in bright assemblies met--
+    Beruffled belles looked love to beaus
+    In powdered wigs and faultless hose;
+    Or merchant ghosts survey the skies
+    And venture guesses weatherwise
+    Regarding winds that will prevail
+    To speed their ships about to sail._
+
+    _Still in the shaded hillside streets
+    A trace of old-time welcome greets
+    The passer-by who has a flare
+    For scenes of old. No longer there
+    A buoyant Georgetown stands alone,
+    The Federal City having grown
+    Until their boundaries overlap;
+    So that, deleted from the map,
+    Though once the Federal City's host,
+    Georgetown itself is now a ghost._
+
+
+
+
+_Foreword_
+
+
+It is not at all in my mind to write a history of Georgetown. Several
+have been written, but I do want, very, very much, to paint a portrait
+of this dear old town of my birth where my parents, my grandparents,
+great-grandfathers and one great-great-grandfather lived, and which I
+love so dearly.
+
+A portrait, partly of its physical features, its streets, its houses and
+gardens, some of which still exist in their pristine glory but, alas,
+many of which have gone the way of so-called progress. In place of the
+dignified houses of yore, of real architectural beauty, stand rows of
+cheap dwellings or stores, erected mostly in the seventies and eighties
+when architecture was at its worst. In 1895 it was that the old names of
+the streets were taken away and from then on we've been just an adjunct
+of Washington.
+
+Not only of its physical side do I wish to tell, but I want to paint a
+picture of the kind of people who lived here, from the beginning up
+through the gay nineties--nearly one hundred and fifty years. Of the
+kind of things they did, their work, their play, their thoughts and
+their beliefs, for the character of the town, like human beings, was
+formed largely by their beliefs, and these old Scotsmen--for they were
+greatly in the majority--laid a great deal of stress on their
+Presbyterian form of Christianity. Witness the oath that had to be taken
+by the Flour Inspector on February 24, 1772: "I, Thomas Brannan, do
+declare that I do believe that there is not any trnsubstantiation in
+the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper or in the elements of bread and
+wine, at or after the consecration thereof by any person whatsoever."
+
+And yet, with this strong prejudice, they coöperated and lived on
+friendly terms with the Roman Catholics who, very soon after the taking
+of this particular oath, founded their college and established their
+convent for teaching young girls.
+
+Dr. Balch counselled well when he besought his people: "Let us resolve
+to be social rather than fashionable, and generous instead of
+extravagant."
+
+All down through the years and to this day I think that has been the
+hall-mark of the real Georgetonian. A great deal of fashion has come to
+Georgetown, as in the early days of the bringing of the government when
+Washington City was a waste and almost entirely one big mud puddle, and
+the foreign ministers and many high in our government sought the comfort
+and dignity of this town, which was then far from young.
+
+Again in later years there has been an exodus across Rock Creek of men
+and women high in the government; in the diplomatic corps; in industry;
+in literature and the arts; lured hither by the quiet dignity of the
+old-time atmosphere.
+
+There are today living in Georgetown descendants of nearly every one of
+the original makers of the town, and all through these years the old
+friendships still persist and flourish.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is impossible for me to express my thanks to all the people who have
+helped me and made it possible to write this book. I want to mention
+Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor; Miss Williams of the Peabody Room of the
+Georgetown Branch of the Public Library; Miss McPherson and Mr. John
+Beverley Riggs of the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress;
+Mr. Meredith Colket and Mr. O. W. Holmes of the National Archives; Dr.
+H. Paul Caemmerer, Secretary of the Commission of Fine Arts; Miss
+Pennybaker, of the Real Estate and Columbia Title Insurance Company; the
+Mount Vernon Ladies' Association and Mr. C. C. Wall, Superintendent of
+Mount Vernon. Also the various people who did the typing and helped
+secure the photographs.
+
+And last but not least the friends of the old regime who have given to
+me freely of the history and traditions of their ancestors. They are too
+many to name, but to each one I owe a real debt of gratitude. Especially
+to one, my life-long friend, am I indebted. Without her unceasing
+interest and encouragement this Portrait might never have been done.
+
+GRACE GLASGOW DUNLOP ECKER.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                             _Page_
+
+    DEDICATION                                                   v
+
+    GEORGE TOWN GHOSTS                                         vii
+
+    FOREWORD                                                    ix
+
+    _Chapter_
+
+    I.    BEGINNINGS OF A TOWN                                   3
+
+    II.   THE ORIGINAL TOWN AND ITS PEOPLE                      13
+
+    III.  THE TAVERNS, SHOPS, AND SCHOOLS                       24
+
+    IV.   THE STREETS OF GEORGE TOWN AND SOME OF THE
+             HAPPENINGS                                         40
+
+    V.    WASHINGTON AND L'ENFANT IN GEORGE TOWN                51
+
+    VI.   BELOW BRIDGE STREET                                   65
+
+    VII.  ALONG BRIDGE (M) STREET                               80
+
+    VIII. HIGH STREET, PROSPECT AVENUE, THE COLLEGE, THE
+             CONVENT, AND THE THRELKELDS                       104
+
+    IX.   ALONG FIRST STREET (N) FROM COX'S ROW TO HIGH
+             STREET (WISCONSIN AVE.)                           125
+
+    X.    GAY (N) STREET--EAST TO ROCK CREEK                   135
+
+    XI.   THE THREE PHILANTHROPISTS                            161
+
+    XII.  THE SEMINARY, WASHINGTON (30TH) STREET AND
+             DUMBARTON AVENUE                                  179
+
+    XIII. THIRD STREET, BEALL (O) STREET, WEST (P) STREET      208
+
+    XIV.  STODDERT (Q) STREET                                  224
+
+    XV.   TUDOR PLACE AND CONGRESS (31ST) STREET               261
+
+    XVI.  EVERMAY, THE HEIGHTS AND OAK HILL                    281
+
+    BIBLIOGRAPHY                                               311
+
+    INDEX                                                      313
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+    Early George Town                                _Frontispiece_
+
+                                                              PAGE
+
+    Rev. James McVean                                            6
+
+    Henry Foxall                                                73
+
+    Home of Henry Foxall                                        75
+
+    Old Presbyterian Church                                     84
+
+    General James Maccubbin Lingan }
+                                   }
+    Benjamin Stoddert              }                            88
+                                   }
+    Uriah Forrest                  }
+
+    William Marbury                                             94
+
+    Philip Barton Key                         }
+                                              }                 96
+    Mrs. Philip Barton Key (Elizabeth Plater) }
+
+    Home of Francis Scott Key                                  100
+
+    Francis Scott Key                                          102
+
+    Benjamin Stoddert's House                                  110
+
+    Home of Dr. Charles Worthington                            114
+
+    John Threlkeld                                             122
+
+    Colonel John Cox                                           124
+
+    Old Dr. Riley's House                                      139
+
+    3017 N Street. The House that Thomas Beall Built           145
+
+    John Laird           }
+                         }                                     147
+    James Dunlop, Senior }
+
+    Major George Peter }
+                       }
+    Judge James Dunlop }                                       152
+                       }
+    William Redin      }
+
+    Edward Magruder Linthicum                                  162
+
+    William Wilson Corcoran                                    164
+
+    George Peabody                                             175
+
+    Miss Lydia English                                         184
+
+    Dr. Grafton Tyler                                          188
+
+    Home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman                         193
+
+    Old McKenney House                                         195
+
+    St. John's Church                                          198
+
+    Bodisco House                                              203
+
+    Christ Church                                              211
+
+    Washington Bowie                                           223
+
+    The Sevier House (Built by Washington Bowie)               225
+
+    The George T. Dunlop House                                 228
+
+    Home of Francis Dodge                                      231
+
+    Francis Dodge, Senior                                      233
+
+    The Sons of Francis Dodge, 1878                            238
+
+    William A. Gordon                                          249
+
+    Dumbarton House                                            255
+
+    Tudor Place                                                260
+
+    Thomas Peter                                               262
+
+    Mrs. Thomas Peter (Martha Parke Custis)                    264
+
+    Lloyd Beall                                                278
+
+    The Old Mackall House                                      285
+
+    Home of Brooke Williams                                    290
+
+    Madame Bodisco                                             294
+
+    Mount Hope. The William Robinson House                     296
+
+    The Oaks (Now Dumbarton Oaks) }
+                                  }                            300
+    Montrose                      }
+
+    William Hammond Dorsey                                     302
+
+
+
+
+_A PORTRAIT_
+
+_OF_
+
+_OLD GEORGE TOWN_
+
+
+
+
+Chapter I
+
+_Beginnings of a Town_
+
+
+There are many Georgetowns up and down the Atlantic seaboard in the
+original thirteen colonies, and even one in Kentucky, much like the
+Jamestowns and Charlestowns and Williamsburgs named for the sovereign of
+the time, but this George Town of which I write was in Maryland on the
+Potomac River, and because it was situated at the head of tidewater of
+that great river, it became important on account of the great amount of
+tobacco grown in that area and brought to this point to be carried
+across the seas.
+
+The earliest knowledge we have of this region, which has become The
+Capital City of the great United States of America, concerns the Indians
+who were living here when the white explorers came.
+
+The first of these we know of was the redoubtable Captain John Smith,
+who, in 1608, came up the Potomac River and made a map of his travels.
+He tells us in his _Historie of Virginie_ of "the mildness of the aire,
+the fertilitie of the soil, and the situation of the rivers to the
+nature and use of man as no place more convenient for pleasure, profit
+and man's sustenance." He was referring to the confluence of the Potomac
+with its Eastern Branch and the then good-sized Rock Creek.
+
+In 1634 another Englishman, Henry Fleete, sailed up the river as far as
+the Little Falls, trading furs with the Indians. Thus he wrote of the
+site of George Town:
+
+     "Monday, the 25th of June, we set sail for the Town of Tohoga,
+     where we came to anchor two leagues short of the falls: this place
+     is without question the most pleasant in all this country and most
+     convenient for habitation; the air temperate in summer and not
+     violent in winter. The river aboundeth in all manner of fish, and
+     for deer, buffalos, bears and turkeys, the woods do swarm with them
+     and the soil is exceedingly fertile."
+
+Henry Fleete remained with the Indians about twelve years, whether of
+his own free will or as a captive is not quite certain, but evidently
+this writing of his was to good purpose, for, in the next decade, small
+parties of Scots and Irish began settling on the Potomac at the mouth of
+Rock Creek.
+
+The Indians whom these white men found here belonged to the Algonquin
+Nation, which included many tribes. Thomas Jefferson says there were
+probably forty of these tribes between the Atlantic Ocean and the
+Potomac River. The tribe living within the limits of the present
+District of Columbia was the Nacotchankes or Anacostians, as the British
+called them, hence, the name given to the Eastern branch of the Potomac,
+where the largest village was situated, near what is now called Benning.
+West of Rock Creek was the village of Tohoga, on the site of what became
+George Town.
+
+The Indian families lived on cultivated farms of a few acres, each
+strung out along the river. From it came a large part of their food,
+and, of course, it was their best mode of communication by canoe.
+
+The most interesting activity of these Indians was the manufacture of
+all manner of tools from the stones which they found in the surrounding
+hills. These cobblestones had been washed down by the river ages before.
+In later years they paved the streets of Georgetown, but these Indians
+used them to form arrow-darts, knives, spear points, scrapers, and
+drills of all sizes. Traces of these quarries were found as late as
+1900; the largest of them seems to have been on Piney Branch, where it
+is crossed by 16th Street. It is now obliterated.
+
+There was, also, in this region, soapstone, and from it and from clay,
+the Indians made pots and vessels for household use.
+
+Scientists think that other tribes came from far away to barter their
+goods for these implements, and so, over three hundred years ago, this
+place was a sort of metropolis for the Indians.
+
+It was, of course, by way of the river that the settlers came to this
+region after the grant of the Colony of Maryland to Lord Baltimore as
+Lord Proprietor. This colony of Maryland differed from the other
+colonies in the fact that all the land was the property of Lord
+Baltimore, to give or sell as he pleased. Another difference was the
+establishment of the Manorial System, by which the owner of one thousand
+acres or more became Lord of his Manor. (It was almost like the Feudal
+System.)
+
+In 1703 a grant of 795 acres was made to Ninian Beall, beginning thus:
+
+    "Charles, Absolute Lord and Proprietor of the Province of
+    Maryland....
+
+    Know yee that for and in consideration that Ninian Beall of Prince
+    Georges County had due unto him 795 acres of land within our
+    Province....
+
+[Illustration: REV. JAMES McVEAN (See Chapter XI)]
+
+    We do therefore grant unto him the said Ninian Beall all that tract
+    or parcell of land called Rock of Dunbarton, lying in the said
+    County, beginning at the Southwest corner Tree, of a tract of land
+    taken for Robert Mason standing by Potomack River side at the mouth
+    of Rock Creek....
+
+    To have and to hold the same unto him the said Ninian Beall, his
+    heirs and assignees forever to be holden of us and our heirs as of
+    our manor of Calverton in free and Common Soccage by fealty only
+    for all manner of services yielding and paying therefor yearly unto
+    us and our heirs at our receipt at the City of St. Maries at the
+    two most usual feasts in the year--at the feast of Annunciacion
+    of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Michael the Archangell by even
+    and equal porcions the rent of one pound eleven shillings and nine
+    pence half penny sterling silver or gold....
+
+    Given under our Greater Seal of Armes, this eighteenth day of
+    November, one thousand seven hundred and three, witness our trusty
+    and well beloved Colonel Henry Darnell, keeper of our said Greater
+    Seale in our said Province of Maryland."
+
+Colonel Ninian Beall lived a long and interesting life. He had been born
+in Largo, Fifes Shire, Scotland, in 1625. There he had been an officer
+in the Scottish-English Army, which fought for the Stuarts' Army against
+Cromwell; he was made a prisoner at the battle of Dunbar, September 3,
+1650, and sentenced to five years servitude in the Barbadoes, West
+Indies. Many gentlemen were so sentenced as political prisoners and sent
+out as industrial servants at that time. He was eventually sent to
+Maryland, where, after completing his term of servitude, he proved his
+right to 50 acres of land and received many hundreds more for bringing
+out immigrants and settling there.
+
+He held many notable and honorable offices in the colony, and, in 1699,
+the General Assembly passed an Act of Gratitude for the distinguished
+Indian services of Colonel Ninian Beall.
+
+As he was Commander in Chief of the Provincial Forces in Maryland, he
+probably visited the garrison at the Falls and so knew this region long
+before he was granted this tract of the Rock of Dunbarton. He previously
+had procured 225 acres on the east side of Rock Creek just opposite,
+called Beall's Levels.
+
+Ninian Beall died in 1717 at his home, Fifer Largo, near Upper Marlboro,
+Maryland. From a description of him in the Records of the Columbia
+Historical Society:
+
+    ... "He had a complexion characteristic of his nationality, with an
+    unusually heavy growth of long red hair, and was over six feet in
+    height, powerful in brawn and muscle and phenomenal in physical
+    endurance."
+
+He had twelve children, six sons and six daughters. In his will is
+recorded:
+
+    "I do give and bequeath unto my son George, my plantation and tract
+    of land called the Rock of Dunbarton, lying and being at Rock
+    Creek, containing four hundred and eight acres, with all the stock
+    thereon, both cattle and hogs, them and their increase, unto my
+    said son, George, and unto his heirs forever.
+
+    "I do also give and bequeath, unto my said son, George Beall, his
+    choice of one of my feather beds, bolster and pillow and other
+    furniture thereunto belonging, with two cows and calves and half my
+    sheep from off this plantation I now live on, unto him and his
+    heirs forever."
+
+This son, George, was the eighth child of Ninian Beall. He had a son,
+Thomas, who always styled himself Thomas Beall of George; of him we
+shall hear more later on. The family was not limited to these, for many
+other Bealls, men and women, appear in the annals of George Town.
+
+George Gordon, the other of the two original proprietors of the lands
+which became George Town, was also a Scotsman and had a share in a
+manufacture at Leith, near Edinburgh, so it is evident that, when he
+came to this country, he had means which he invested in Prince Georges
+County and Frederick County, Maryland. He held the office of Sheriff of
+Frederick County and was a judge of the first County Court.
+
+A deed to Gordon from James Smith, "planter," is dated November 13,
+1734. In it, George Gordon is described as "merchant." The tract
+conveyed was one hundred acres, known as "Knaves' Disappointment," a
+part of three hundred acres called his Rock Creek Plantation. The
+consideration was one hundred pounds sterling or about five hundred
+dollars.
+
+It is thought that the original Inspection House of George Gordon was
+built of logs not far from the mouth of Rock Creek, fronting on the
+Potomac, somewhere between 1734 and 1748. The main inspection house was
+built later on "the warehouse lot," an acre close to the southwest
+intersection of Falls and Water Streets (M Street and Wisconsin Avenue).
+He resided nearby at the site of 3206 M. Street. Later on, in 1745,
+George Gordon bought an estate for a permanent home; it is thought to
+have been near Holy Rood Cemetery or near the Industrial Home School on
+Wisconsin Avenue. After the death of his wife, George Gordon left his
+Rock Creek Plantation, and went to live at "Woodyard" with Stephen West.
+
+The will of George Gordon is dated May 10, 1766. At the time of his
+death he had a son, John, and a daughter, who had married Tobias Belt.
+To his son, John, "mariner," who was in the East India service, he
+devised the dwelling house at Rock Creek Plantation on Goose Creek and
+the waterside lot in Georgetown numbered 75.
+
+In those days tobacco was, of course, the big crop, and an English
+writer called it "the meat, drink, clothing, and money of the
+colonists." Regulations were very strict in regard to the exportation of
+tobacco.
+
+Inspection houses for tobacco such as that of George Gordon were also
+called Rolling Houses, from the fact that the hogsheads of tobacco had a
+hole bored in each head and an axle run through from one end to another.
+To this axle a shaft was attached, and drawn by a horse or an ox, so
+rolled along over the rough roads of that time to their destinations.
+Here was the one place in Frederick County for inspection; here was a
+natural site for a town, and so came the demand for one.
+
+On June 8, 1751 the Assembly of the Province of Maryland appointed
+commissioners to lay out a town here in the county of Frederick, which
+had been formed in 1748 from Prince Georges County. The first appointed
+were: Captain Henry Wright Crabb, Masters John Needham, James Perrie,
+Samuel Magruder III, Josiah Beall, David Lynn. Appointed as their
+successors from time to time as vacancies occurred, were: Andrew Heugh,
+1754; Robert Peter, 1757; John Murdock, 1766; Thomas Richardson, 1772;
+William Deakins, Jr., 1772; Bernard O'Neill, 1782; Thomas Beall, of
+George, 1782; Benj. Stoddert, Samuel Davidson, 1785; John Peter, 1789,
+and Adam Steuart. The last named gave up his American citizenship and
+went to Europe to live, as he was not in sympathy with the Revolution.
+His land was confiscated by the State of Maryland. The Surveyors and
+Clerks of the Commissioners were:
+
+    Alexander Beall, 1751-1757; Josiah Beall, 1757-1774; Robert
+    Ferguson, 1774, and Daniel Reintzel, 1774-1782.
+
+Meetings were held in private houses through all the years until 1789,
+when, at last, George Town was incorporated.
+
+To return to the year 1752, when the first survey of ground for the town
+was made, among the tracts surveyed were the following with their names:
+
+    Conjurer's Disappointment (Deakins)
+    Frogland (Thomas Beatty)
+    Knave's Disappointment (George Gordon)
+    Discovery (Robert Peter)
+    Resurvey on Salop (John Threlkeld)
+    Pretty Prospect (Benjamin Stoddert)
+    Beall's Levels and Rock of Dumbarton (George Beall)
+
+The survey was completed on February 28, 1752 and Beall's and Gordon's
+land found "most convenient." Each gentleman was offered two town lots
+besides the price of condemnation. George Gordon chose numbers 48 and
+52. George Beall had refused to recognize the proceedings of the
+commissioners in any way, so he was notified that "if he did not make
+his choice of lots within 10 days from February 28th, he could only
+blame himself for the consequences." After reflecting for a week he sent
+the following answer:
+
+    If I must part with my property by force, I had better save a
+    little than be totally demolished. Rather than none, I accept these
+    lots, numbers 72 and 79, said to be Mr. Henderson's and Mr.
+    Edmonston's. But I do hereby protest and declare that my acceptance
+    of the said lots, which is by force, shall not debar me from
+    future redress from the Commissions or others, if I can have the
+    rights of a British subject. God save the King.
+
+    GEORGE BEALL.
+
+    March 7, 1752.
+
+Can't you see how difficult it was for the old gentleman (he must then,
+by the records, have been about sixty years of age or more) to cooperate
+with the changes that were coming to ruin, as he thought, his
+comfortable and profitable plantation life?
+
+Two hundred and eighty pounds were paid for the sixty acres of the
+original town. The southern boundary was the river, the western about
+where the college now stands, the eastern a few feet west of the present
+30th Street, and the northern boundary was a few feet south of the
+present N Street. The only boundary stone still existing is the one that
+was No. 2 in the survey, the northeastern corner of the town, and is now
+in the garden of number 3014 N. Street. There were eighty lots in the
+original town.
+
+The name has been variously attributed to George II, the King then
+reigning; to the two Georges from whom the land was taken, and to George
+Washington, which last is, of course, absurd, as he was then a young man
+of twenty, engaged in surveying the properties of Lord Fairfax.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter II
+
+_The Original Town and Its People_
+
+
+George Town flourished and became more and more a busy port. Its
+population in 1800 was 2,993; by 1810 it was 4,948. Its wharves were
+thronged with vessels sailing across the seas laden with the "precious
+weed" and with wheat brought in from plantations for the "flouring
+mills" in great Conestoga wagons painted red and blue drawn by six-horse
+teams adorned with gay harness and jingling bells. Also, there was a
+thriving coastwise trade, up to old Salem and Newburyport where the
+clipper ships were built, and down to the West Indies. These ships
+brought back sugar, molasses, and rum, and from the old country came
+clothing, and furniture, and all sorts of luxuries, for the thriving
+merchants were building comfortable homes and furnishing them in
+elegance and taste.
+
+General Edward Braddock, after a brilliant military career under Prince
+William of Orange, in Holland, had been made a major-general and put in
+charge of troops in Virginia against the French. He landed his troops in
+Alexandria, marched them up to where the ferry crossed to George Town,
+where they divided, part going through Virginia, and he, with the
+remainder, crossing the Potomac to George Town from whence he continued
+on his fateful march to Fort Duquesne, where he met his terrible defeat
+and lost his life.
+
+He had come from Perthshire in old Scotland, so, of course, had received
+a warm welcome in this Scottish town. And thus he had written back to
+England to George Anne Bellamy, the gifted actress, in 1755: "For never
+have I attended a more complete banquet or met better dressed or better
+mannered people than I met on my arrival in George Town, which is named
+after our gracious Majesty." If only he had mentioned in whose house the
+banquet was or the names of some of these agreeable people he met!
+
+James Truslow Adams, in his fascinating book, _The Epic of America_,
+speaks over and over again of the culture of the pre-Revolutionary towns
+along the Atlantic seaboard, and what a high point it had reached. No
+better example could be found than this old town with its families who
+had come from well-to-do circumstances, not, as was the case with so
+many settlers of the new country, in order to escape trouble. They came
+mostly from Scotland; witness the names as time goes on. Indeed, to such
+an extent, that the little settlement had first of all been called New
+Scotland.
+
+One of the very first to establish himself in the business of exporting
+tobacco, was Robert Peter, who is often spoken of in old records as
+"George Town's pioneer business man," and also as "The merchant prince
+and land owner." As a young man of about twenty he had come from
+Crossbasket near Glasgow, first to Bladensburg and thence to George
+Town, and in 1752 established himself in business, and in 1790 became
+its first mayor. He represented the firm of John Glassford & Company of
+North Britain, Glasgow, well known both in England and in Scotland. So
+much of the tobacco trade flowed into the Scottish city that the wealthy
+merchants there who dealt in it were known as the "Virginia Dons," and
+to this day there is in the old port of Glasgow a Virginia Street.
+
+James Dunlop, a cousin of Robert Peter, also had come from his home
+Garnkirke, near Glasgow, first to New York, then to George Town about
+1783 and established himself in this same lucrative exporting business.
+He did a great deal of business in Dumfries, Virginia, near
+Fredericksburg.
+
+These old letters give a picture of the times:
+
+    George Town, December 15th, 1788.
+
+    Gentlemen:
+
+    Your favors of the 11th July duly received by Mr. Dunlop with the
+    black cloth, which I am afraid I shall soon have occasion for, my
+    old friend Mr. Heugh being now in a very dangerous way indeed, etc.
+
+    GEORGE WALKER.
+
+Andrew Heugh had been one of the Commissioners in the laying off of
+George Town. He owned one of the very first lots on the water front and
+High Street.
+
+Here is another one of these letters:
+
+    George Town, August 8, 1788.
+
+    Gentlemen:
+
+    The quantity of tobacco planted this year in the neighborhood of
+    this place is vastly larger than ever was known. John Campbell and
+    J. Dunlop are very backward in buying with all cash, but as Colonel
+    Deakins is again in cash the price still keeps at a guinea ... from
+    these causes I would not be forward in recommending speculation in
+    the weed, especially as those of good information are holding off.
+
+    GEORGE WALKER.
+
+No less a person than General Washington himself wrote in 1791 that
+George Town ranked as the greatest tobacco market in Maryland, if not in
+the Union.
+
+Duc de la Rochefoucault Liancourt, traveling in the United States in
+1795-'97, says that in 1791 tobacco exports from George Town were
+$314,864.00. They went even higher in 1792 and 1793, but in 1794 and the
+following years decreased considerably, which was attributed to two
+causes: a falling off in tobacco growing, and a diversion of the capital
+of the merchants to speculation in lots in the Federal City.
+
+A prominent firm in this same business of exporting tobacco was that of
+Forrest, Stoddert, and Murdock, formed in 1783. Uriah Forrest was born
+in St. Mary's County, Maryland, in 1756. He served with distinction in
+the Revolution, was wounded in the Battle of Germantown and lost a leg
+at the Battle of Brandywine.
+
+He was a delegate in the Continental Congress and served in the third
+Congress from March 4, 1793 to November 8, 1794, when he resigned. He
+was commissioned major-general in the Maryland Militia in 1795.
+
+After the war he went to London on business for the Government at his
+own expense, but returned to enter business with his old friend,
+Benjamin Stoddert.
+
+Born in Charles County, Maryland, in 1751, Stoddert was of Scottish
+ancestry, the son of Captain Thomas Stoddert who, while with the
+Maryland contingent, was killed in Braddock's defeat. Benjamin Stoddert
+had joined the Continental Army as a captain of cavalry and was in
+active service until the Battle of Brandywine where, after holding the
+rank of major, he was so severely wounded as to unfit him for active
+service. He had seriously considered settling in either Baltimore or
+Alexandria, urged by friends in each of these cities, but decided that
+George Town was a better venture.
+
+Colonel John Murdock was already living in George Town where his father,
+William Murdock, was in business.
+
+Francis Lowndes also had a large warehouse, and John Laird was
+prosperous in this business, and as time went on, meant a great deal to
+Georgetown. Colonel Deakins, Jr., was prominent, for on his tomb was
+inscribed: "George Town, by the blow, has lost her most illustrious
+patron." He was only fifty-six when he died in 1798. In his youth, he
+had done surveying with George Washington.
+
+Henry Threlkeld was born in Cumberland County, England, in 1716, came to
+America and bought an estate of 1,000 acres known as Berleith, bordering
+on the Potomac. It ran northward, and the present sites of Georgetown
+College and Convent are on part of this land. He seems to have continued
+to farm his estate, and died in 1781. His only child, John, became very
+prominent in all of the affairs of the town.
+
+Joseph Carlton, also in the tobacco business, who died in March, 1812,
+when only fifty-eight years old, had held the office of postmaster in
+1799.
+
+General James Maccubbin Lingan, a tobacco shipper, who was the first
+collector of the port ... "1790 and before," had had a very remarkable
+career in the Revolution.
+
+Colonel Charles Beatty owned a ferry which did a thriving business
+between the Virginia shore and the foot of Frederick Street at Water
+Street.
+
+Ebenezer Dodge had come from Salem, Massachusetts, and built up a
+successful coastwise trade with the East Indies, his younger brother,
+Francis, coming in 1798, of whom I shall have a great deal to say in
+another chapter.
+
+Peter Casanave was much in evidence in business deals.
+
+John M. Gannt was a prominent merchant; also, William King, whose name
+is still known in business here.
+
+Among the lawyers were Philip Barton Key and Joseph Earle.
+
+Doctor Magruder is spoken of over and over again. He seems to have been
+"the doctor" at that time. Doctor Weems also had a good practice.
+
+From _The Virginia Gazette_ of January 14, 1775, is taken this note in
+regard to a project much in the minds of the business men of George Town
+at that time:
+
+    At a meeting of the Trustees for opening the navigation of the
+    Potomack River held in George Town December 1, 1774, Thomas
+    Johnson, Jr., Attorney at Law, Wm. Deakins, Adam Steuart, Thomas
+    Johns, Thomas Richardson, merchants of George Town, appointed to
+    hire slaves for cutting canals around the Falls of the River, etc.
+
+Of course, George Town, like every other town in the country at that
+time, was peopled largely by negroes. Some owners hired out the ones
+they themselves did not need, either for work of this kind or for
+domestic service. A delightful story is told of how one of the
+shipowners sent a "likely" young negress back to Scotland on one of his
+vessels, as a present to his mother. Many weeks later when the vessel
+returned, on it was Chloe with a note thanking "my dear son" for his
+gift, but saying, "I have had her scrubbed and scrubbed, but as it is
+impossible to remove the dirt and stain, I am returning her."
+
+In 1788 Thomas Corcoran, who that year came to George Town from
+Baltimore, intended to go on to Richmond, but instead stayed and
+established a business in leather, says: "There were then in harbor ten
+square-rigged vessels, two of them being ships and a small brig from
+Amsterdam taking in tobacco from a warehouse on Rock Creek." The mouth
+of the creek at that time was a bay, wide and deep, and as late as 1751
+the tide ebbed and flowed as far up as the present P Street bridge.
+
+Near there stood the paper mill built about 1800 by Gustavus Scott and
+Nicholas Lingan, and described in an old advertisement as being 120 feet
+long, three stories high, the first story built of stone. Just beyond
+was Parrott's Mill, called the George Town Wool and Cotton Manufactory.
+Parrott also had a Rope Walk on the northern outskirts of the Town. A
+little farther north of Parrott's Mill at the bend of Rock Creek was
+Lyon's Mill, said to have been built in 1780.
+
+Naturally all through these years during and after the Revolution there
+was a great deal of unrest, and trade was much affected.
+
+The following is a copy of an authentic letter from the celebrated Dr.
+Franklin to a friend in England on the subject of the first campaign
+made by the British forces in America and, although not written from
+Georgetown, it shows the state of mind of many people.
+
+    Dear Sir. I am to set out tomorrow for the camp and having heard of
+    this opportunity can only write a line to say that I am well and
+    hardy.
+
+    Tell our good friend--who sometimes has his doubts and despondencies
+    about our firmness that America is determined and unanimous, a very
+    few tories and place men excepted, who will probably soon export
+    themselves.
+
+    Britain, at the expense of 3 millions has killed 150 yankees this
+    campaign which is 20,000 pounds a head, and at Bunker's Hill she
+    gained one mile of ground, half of which she lost again by our
+    taking post on plowed hill. During the same time 60,000 children had
+    been born in America.
+
+Also this letter, which James Dunlop received in New York shortly before
+coming to Georgetown, gives, I think, a very vivid picture of both
+political and economic thinking of the time:
+
+    Glasgow
+
+    January 31, 1783
+
+    Mr. James Dunlop, Merchant, New York, c/o the Pacquet.
+
+    Dear Sir:
+
+    This comes by the pacquet which will bring you the Preliminary
+    Articles of Peace which were signed at Paris on 20th and we had the
+    account here on the 27th at 8 in the morning which was very quick.
+    We have not yet seen the Articles, but we have reason to believe
+    upon the whole it is as reasonable as could well be expected unless
+    we had made another campaign in the West Indies with the Troops from
+    America and our present great superiority at sea. We had reason to
+    expect everything would have gone to our liking, and considering the
+    great quantity of West Indies and American produce now on hand
+    perhaps you will think we, as well as our neighbours, would had no
+    objections to another Campaign.
+
+    I have seen all your late letters, am sensible the news of Peace
+    after the purchase you have lately made, will give you much
+    uneasiness but the company are sensible you did it with a good
+    intention and except the idea of peace, your reasons for the
+    purchase were very good, however we thought that General Carletons
+    declaration to you that Negotiations for Peace were open and that in
+    the first place Britain declared the Independence of America, would
+    have alarmed you or at least prevented you from exceeding the
+    Company's limits so very much especially for so large a quantity. I
+    suppose what made you so very sanguine that we should have another
+    Campaign was the Rockingham party going out and Lord Shelbourne
+    coming and on his first appearance declaring against American
+    indenpendence, which speech deceived many here as well as with you. I
+    am happy to inform you the Ruby arrived four days ago which brought
+    us the 100 Hhds Tobacco without a farthing of Insurance which is
+    very luckie and will help to make the loss on the tobacco fall
+    season. We have not yet heard any account of the Favorite. We have
+    done 16 on the Tobacco on her and don't intend to do any more.
+
+    If this Tobacco turned out good in quality and no great quantity
+    comes home for six months I still flatter myself there will be no
+    great loss upon the Sales. There has been no sale of any kind these
+    five weeks past nor will not be till some time after we see the
+    Articles of Peace which we now expect in three or four days, as they
+    were to be laid before Parliment two days ago. I suppose in a short
+    time after the receipt of this you will be going to visit our old
+    friends in Virginia. It is very probable I may have the pleasure of
+    seeing you there in a few months and as America has gotten her
+    wishes I hope she will once more be a happy Country and we shall
+    enjoy the blessings of Peace with our old Acquaintance and Brethern
+    and I hope it will cement the friendship between the Mother and the
+    Daughter to the mutual advantage of both Countrys.
+
+    I had the pleasure of seeing your Sisters all week--several nights
+    at Mr. William Dunlop's.
+
+    Wishing you all the happiness and with compliments to all
+    acquaintance I am, Dear Sir,
+
+    Your most humble servant
+
+    JAMES ANDERSON
+
+Also in a letter from a young British Officer (also a Scotsman) who was
+a military prisoner in a camp at Lancaster, Pennsylvania who was trying
+to get to Petersburg, Virginia to see his father who was there on
+business from Glasgow, there is this addition.
+
+    P.S. I have this moment received a letter from Phila. informing me
+    of a passport being procured for my going to Virginia. I shall set
+    off immediately. Adieu.
+
+Can't you picture his excitement after many trials to at last get in
+touch with his father!
+
+On March 18, 1783 Archibald Govan sends two letters enclosed to a friend
+in New York to forward to Virginia "by the safest, spediest conveyance.
+There is probally now a post direct from New York through the
+Continent."
+
+In these days ships approached George Town by way of the Western
+Channel, as it was called, on the far side of Analostan Island, where
+the depth of the water was from twenty-seven to thirty-three feet--deep
+enough to admit the passage of an "Indiaman."
+
+George Washington Parke Custis, the owner of Arlington, was much
+disturbed when a causeway was built across from the island to the
+Virginia shore, and prophesied the filling of the channel and the end of
+George Town as a port.
+
+So up the creek to these mills for their produce, and up the great river
+to its wharves, piled high with hogsheads of tobacco came these ships
+and many more of which we have not the names:
+
+The _Potomack Planter_, Captain James Buchanan, for London.
+
+The brig _Brothers_.
+
+The schooner _Betsey_, bringing rum, coffee, and chocolate.
+
+The ships _Ritson_ and _Felicity_.
+
+The sloops, _Lydia_ and _Betsey_, plying between George Town and New
+York. These ships from the North were laden with whale oil to be used
+for the lamps which, in 1810, were placed on the streets to "enable the
+citizens to go safely to and from evening service."
+
+The _Columbia_ from Martinique, and the ship _Lydia_, Lemuel Toby,
+master, for London, which on September 6, 1792 had this advertisement
+in _The George Town Weekly Ledger_:
+
+    Will sail in twelve or fifteen days: such as may be desirous of
+    taking passage in said ship may depend on being genteelly
+    accommodated. For further particulars apply to Col. Wm. Deakins, or
+    the Captain on Board.
+
+Out beyond the northern limits of the Town, just opposite where Mount
+Alto Hospital now stands, high on a hill which has been dug away, stood
+in those days a tremendous oak tree which was used by the pilots coming
+up the river to guide them on their way. For a hundred years it stood,
+known as Sailors' Oak, but like so many other things, has had to go in
+the interest of Progress.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter III
+
+_The Taverns, Shops, and Schools_
+
+
+With ships arriving and departing and the land travel passing from North
+to South and back again, besides the country gentlemen coming to town to
+sell their crops and tend to other business, there was need for many
+taverns, and plenty of them there were in George Town.
+
+According to Mr. O. W. Holmes of the National Archives who has recently
+written a fine article on the Colonial Taverns of Georgetown for the
+Columbia Historical Society, which he read before the Society on January
+16, 1951, the earliest tavern of which there is record was kept by
+Joseph Belt who was granted a license by the newly created Frederick
+County Court in August, 1751 "to keep a Public House of Entertainment at
+the Mouth of Rock Creek."
+
+Previously Thomas Odell had petitioned for such a "Lyssance" in 1747 to
+Prince George's County for one year--but we hear no more of him so are
+not certain that he continued in business. But Joseph Belt did and in
+the _Maryland Gazette_ (Annapolis) for March 19, 1752, is this
+announcement:
+
+    Notice is hereby given that the Land appointed by Act of Assembly to
+    be laid out into a town, by the name of Georgetown, adjacent to the
+    warehouse at the Mouth of Rock Creek, in Frederick County, is
+    accordingly laid out, and the lots will be sold the 4th Monday in
+    March, being the 23 of the month at the House of Joseph Belt, living
+    in the said Town in ten of the Clock before noon.
+
+    Per order of the Commissioner
+    Alexander Beall, Cl.
+
+In 1760 Mr. Belt bought two of the most desirable lots in town at the
+southeast corner of Water Street (Wisconsin Ave.) and Bridge (M) and
+apparently built on the southernmost one of them a tavern where real
+estate sales took place frequently--and again in the _Maryland Gazette_
+for September 19, 1771, is this insertion:
+
+    Frederick County, Sept. 8, 1771
+
+    The Subscriber continues to keep a House of Entertainment in George
+    Town, at the Kings Arms, and as he is provided with Good
+    Entertainment, Stabling, and Provender for Horses, would be obliged
+    to all Gentlemen travelling and others for their customs and they
+    may depend on kind usage, by their Most Humble Servant,
+
+    JOSEPH BELT
+
+So it is quite possible that it was still here and that General
+Braddock's soldiers attracted by the name and sign stopped to slake
+their thirst before continuing their long march to the West.
+
+This Joseph Belt appears to have been the nephew of Col. Joseph Belt,
+the original patentee of Chevy Chase. He was a highly respectable man
+and well thought of.
+
+Another tavern of that period was kept by John Orme who in his petition
+for a license promised as did others of that period "to keep Tavern in
+George Town, to keep good Rules and Orders and not suffer the loose and
+disorderly persons to Tipple, Game, or Commit other disorders or
+irregularities within his aforesaid House."
+
+In the _Maryland Gazette_ in September in 1760 is a notice of horse
+races to be held at George Town, the horses "to be Entered the Day
+before Running, with Messrs. Joseph Belt and John Orme in George Town."
+
+The same notice again in 1761. I wonder where the races took place. John
+Orme was the son of the Rev. John Orme, a Presbyterian minister who
+served as pastor at Upper Marlboro from 1720 until he died in 1758.
+
+His tavern was apparently on the northeast corner of the present M
+Street and Wisconsin Avenue, where the Farmers and Mechanics Branch of
+Riggs Bank now stands.
+
+In the _Maryland Gazette_ of September 29, 1768, Thomas Belt offers for
+sale "At the house of Mr. John Orme, in George Town ... part of a Tract
+of Land, called Chevy Chace, containing 200 and 300 acres about 5 miles
+from said Town."
+
+After the death of John Orme in 1772 his widow inserted a notice in the
+paper--and added, "N. B. The Executrix will continue to keep Tavern for
+ready money only. Lucy Orme."
+
+But they were not left in straightened circumstances, and the three Orme
+daughters married very well.
+
+There is mention of a Cornelius Davies and also of John Wise keeping
+tavern for short periods. This may have been the same John Wise who
+later opened a tavern in Alexandria which became the well-known Gadsby's
+Tavern.
+
+Also there was Christian Boncer, during the Revolution who like John
+Orme, before him, was likewise running a ferry over the Potomac.
+
+And then in October, 1779, John Beall is referred to as occupying the
+home where Joseph Belt formerly kept tavern.
+
+In November 1782, Mr. Beall announced that he was moving "into the large
+Stone House near the Square, the best calculated house in town for
+entertaining Gentlemen, Travellers, and Others."
+
+And then Mr. Ignatius Simpson moved into the "House formerly occupied by
+Mr. John Beall," and the next year, 1783, the Commissioners record
+meeting at the "House of Mr. Ignatius Simpson." And in 1784 Mr. Simpson
+had no license issued and the Commissioners met "at the House of Mr.
+John Suter." It would seem that this same house had been a tavern ever
+since Joseph Belt built a house there.
+
+From then on Suter's Tavern became the best-known meeting place in town
+and even the birthplace of the District of Columbia for there was signed
+the agreement with the proprietors of the land for the Federal City.
+
+Christian Hines says in his little book _Early Recollections of
+Washington_ that Suter's Tavern was a one-story frame and stood on High
+Street, between Bridge and Water Streets, a little east of the canal
+bridge. Christian Hines as a youth of fifteen was an apprentice living
+with the Green family just across the street from this building, and
+although he wrote his Recollections when he was an old man, it is a
+well-known fact that old people remember happenings of their youth
+better than those of last month or last week.
+
+It was a rather small building, a story and a half high, according to an
+old print, and had a large Inn Yard at the side and back for the
+accommodation of the coaches, wagons and steeds of its patrons.
+
+John Suter was a Scotsman who had been living out in Montgomery County
+but apparently from 1784 until his death in 1794 his tavern was a very
+busy place. Here it was that General Washington stayed when he was
+passing through.
+
+This notice shows John Suter's standing in the community:
+
+    Georgetown, August 21, 1790
+
+    All persons having claims against the Estate of John Cornne,
+    deceased, are desired to bring them in legally attested. Those
+    indebted to make speedy payment to
+
+    John Suter, Administrator
+
+From the _Times and Potowmack Packet_:
+
+    Meeting at Mr. Suter's Tavern in George Town, 14 December, 1790, for
+    erecting a New Warehouse contiguous to the Old Inspection on Col.
+    Normand Bruce's property in George Town.
+
+    Edward Burgess
+    Bernard O'Neill
+
+    For Sale. On Monday the 3d of January next will be offered for sale
+    at the House of Mr. John Suter in George Town that Lot or _Acre of
+    Ground_ whereon the _Old_ Warehouse formerly stood.... A good title
+    will be given agreeably to the last Will and Testament of Thomas
+    Hamilton deceased of Prince Georges County.
+
+    December 11, 1790              Andrew Hamilton
+
+Then there is this little item from the same paper:
+
+    The subscriber has for sale, by the Box, a small supply of fresh
+    Lisbon LEMONS, imported in the Potomack Planter.
+
+    Capt. James Buchanan
+    George Town Sept. 7, 1790      John Suter
+
+Fresh fruit was evidently an event.
+
+After Mr. John Suter's death, his son John Suter, Jr., took over the
+tavern and ran it until he moved to the Union Tavern.
+
+It had been built in 1796 at a cost of $16,000, according to a newspaper
+of the day advertising it for sale: "It is a handsome substantial brick
+building of three stories, fronting 60 ft. on the most public street in
+town (Bridge Street), and running back 63 ft. on a wide and commodious
+street (Washington). The house is admirably calculated for a tavern."
+The advertisement tells the number and size of the rooms, cellars,
+passages and cross passages, and ends thus: "There are stables
+sufficient for the accommodation of 50 horses with commodious sheds for
+carriages ... and not twenty yards from the kitchen is a copious and
+never failing spring of most excellent running water." The main building
+differed but little from others, but north of this and running north
+upon Washington Street to the next street, was a wing, one or two
+stories high, and one room deep, the doors opening into a covered
+corridor supported by brick arches, beyond which was a large courtyard
+paved with stone. The rooms along this corridor were occupied entirely
+by gentlemen, many being planters from the lower river counties of
+Virginia and Maryland. They came up on the old _Salem_, which made
+weekly trips and stopped at all the river landings. On the opposite side
+of the courtyard was a large building in which was a fine ballroom known
+as Pompean Hall. This room must have been used for the following event:
+
+    Birthnight Ball. The Ladies and Gentlemen of George Town and its
+    vicinity are informed that there will be a Ball at the Union Tavern
+    on Friday the 22nd instant (Feb. 22, 1799), in honor of
+    Lieutenant-General George Washington. At request of the Managers.
+    John Suter, Jr.
+
+In addition to this very historic ball, the George Town Assemblies used
+to be held here. Mrs. William Thornton has recorded in her diary that on
+Monday, January 1st, 1810:
+
+    A very crowded assembly at the presidents. We staid about two hours.
+    President and Lady went to Georgetown Assembly. Chariot broke at
+    night.
+
+These august guests at the assembly were, of course, James Madison and
+the charming Dolly.
+
+When Mr. Suter opened the Union Tavern in March, 1799, Francis Kearns
+put this notice in the paper:
+
+    Sign of the Ship. The subscriber begs leave to inform his friends
+    and the public that he has rented the tavern formerly occupied by
+    Mr. Suter, called The Fountain Inn, where he has all kinds of
+    liquors accounted necessary for travellers. Add to this a well of
+    water not to be surpassed in Town. I am determined to spare no pains
+    to render this situation agreeable and flatter myself from a desire
+    to please that I shall meet with encouragement. I also will
+    accomodate 6 or 8 gentlemen boarders on reasonable terms. A livery
+    stable will be kept for a few horses.
+
+    June 31, 1800   Francis Kearns
+
+Francis Kearns having taken over the Union Tavern from John Suter, Jr.
+
+Again, in 1802 this building changed hands, for in _The Washington
+Federalist_ is the announcement of reopening, and assurance of best
+liquors, and begins: "Anchor Tavern and Oyster House (late the Fountain
+Inn), George Pitt, Proprietor of former Eagle Tavern."
+
+Then there was the City Tavern, kept by Charles McLaughlin. Benjamin
+Lacy rented two brick houses from Charles Beatty on Water Street and
+called his The Sailors' Tavern. John Tennally had a tavern (from him
+came the name of Tennally Town). Joseph Semmes's Tavern at the Sign of
+the Indian King, was very well known. It seems to have moved several
+times. In advertisements for houses for rent or for sale, they seemed
+always to be next door to or across the street from Semmes's Tavern or
+Dr. Magruder's.
+
+From _The Museum_, January 1, 1802:
+
+    The Subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the public that
+    he has removed from his late dwelling in the main street to that
+    large and commodious three story new BRICK BUILDING, Sign of the
+    Indian King, adjoining the Bank of Columbia, which he has fitted up
+    at considerable expense for the accomodation of travellers. He
+    embraces this opportunity of returning his grateful thanks to those
+    gentlemen who have heretofore favored him with their custom and
+    hopes by a faithful discharge of his duty to merit the countenance
+    and support of the public.
+
+    George Town,    Joseph Semmes
+
+_The Museum_, 28th of January, 1802:
+
+    To be sold at Union Tavern, The BRICK HOUSE formerly occupied as a
+    Tavern by Mr. Semmes.
+
+    Philip Barton Key
+    William Thornton
+
+Do you suppose that Mr. Semmes had his tavern in this place for only one
+month?
+
+Jane White advertises that she intends to continue her "house of
+entertainment" (Mrs. White's Tavern) on a more enlarged plan, asks for
+settlement of debts. Nov. 27, 1790.
+
+George Stevens announces he has removed to the place lately occupied by
+Mr. William King, Merchant, of this place (the house where Col. William
+Deakins has lived for many years past).
+
+There are still, to this day, William Kings in business in Georgetown.
+
+Mr. George Stevens also advertises:
+
+    Any gentleman wanting to buy Ginseng may by giving a few days notice
+    find a supply from said Stevens from One to Five Thousand weight.
+
+And this from the _Times and Potowmack Packet_, April 21, 1790:
+
+    Charles Fierer & Co.
+
+    Gentlemen may have their Coats of Arms or other devices cut on Glass
+    and fancy pieces executed by sending their orders.
+
+Also these items:
+
+    Doctors Beatty and Martin have just received from Philadelphia and
+    Baltimore: Opium, Mercury, Jolap, Ipecacoanha, Nitre, Glanker Salts,
+    Gum Kino, Columbo root, assorted vials, carts, etc. Red and other
+    Bark.
+
+    Dr. Magruder has lately received an elegant supply of most
+    fashionable paper hangings--and his usual Assortment of Drugs and
+    Medicines.
+
+He catered to various tastes of his patrons:
+
+    Dr. Cozens has just opened a general assortment of Drugs and
+    Medicines in the house formerly occupied by Mr. Andrew McDonald in
+    Water Street, opposite to Mr. James King's Wharf, which he means to
+    sell at a moderate price. He likewise offers his services to the
+    public as a practitioner of physic, surgery and midwifery. Mrs.
+    Cozens also informs the ladies that she practices Midwifery and from
+    her experience and universal success she flatters herself she shall
+    give satisfaction to all those who favor her with their commands.
+
+    Mr. Gardette, Dentist, respectfully informs the public that he is
+    arrived in George Town, where he proposes staying two weeks or
+    thereabouts. He has taken lodgings at Mr. Semmes' Tavern.
+
+Another poor soul who was in trouble inserted this advertisement:
+
+    It is terrible to my feelings, but I am compelled to give notice
+    that I intend petitioning the next General Assembly for an act of
+    Insolvency in my favor.
+
+A few months later he advertised thus:
+
+    Having taken the house in this place lately occupied by Mr. James
+    Clagett, between the College and the River, a pleasant and healthy
+    situation, I will take four or five boys as boarders at the usual
+    rates, paid quarterly.
+
+So let us hope he got "on his feet" again.
+
+John Stevens, merchant, advertised himself thusly:
+
+   My weights are good, my measures just,
+   My friends I am too poor to trust.     July 15, 1780.
+
+Apparently they had plenty of newspapers. In 1789 _The Times and
+Potowmack Packet_; in 1790 _The Weekly Ledger_ (an appropriate name for
+this town of counting houses); in 1796 _The Sentinel of Liberty_, a more
+high-flown name; in 1801, _The Museum_, and a great many more as time
+went on.
+
+The first bank was the old Bank of Columbia, organized in 1793. Then,
+there was the Union Bank. I have seen a great many of its checks,
+smaller than the ones of today and very simply printed.
+
+Business notes in those days were written on any scrap of paper,
+apparently. Many that I have seen had torn edges, but always the writing
+was regular and even, if sometimes hard to read. Very often it looked
+like copperplate engraving. The English pound was used as late as 1796.
+
+Plenty of schools there seem to have been. One famous man (he was
+William Wirt, the author of _The British Spy_ and Attorney-General of
+the United States for twelve years under James Monroe and John Quincy
+Adams) was sent to George Town for his early training, and has written
+thus: "In 1779 I was sent to George Town, eight miles from Bladensburg
+to school, a classical academy kept by Mr. Rogers. I was placed at
+boarding with the family of Mr. Schoofield, a member of the Society of
+Friends.... I passed one winter in George Town and remember seeing a
+long line of wagons cross the river on the ice, attached to troops going
+South."
+
+Thomas Kirk, an Irish gentleman, kept a school first on Washington
+(30th) Street, later at High (Wisconsin Avenue) and Cherry Streets.
+Reverend Addison Belt, of Princeton, had a school on Gay (N) Street,
+between Congress (31st) and Washington (30th) Streets. Christian Hines
+says: "In 1798 I went to school to a man named Richmond who kept school
+in a small brick house attached to the house of Reverend David Wiley,
+graduate of Nassau Hall, who had come in 1802 from Northumberland on the
+Susquehanna. He was a better mathematical than classical teacher. He was
+mayor, librarian, merchant, teacher, preacher and keeper of the post
+office at the same time."
+
+Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Wiley advertised their "Boarding School for Young
+Ladies at George Town in the Vicinity of Washington." In the same year
+E. Phillips had "A School for Young Ladies on the north side of Bridge
+Street, nearly opposite the Printing Office." There were several
+teachers of French who advertised in the paper; Monsieur A. L.
+Jancerez, Monsieur Caille, "a French gentleman wishes to teach drawing,
+etc." To supply all these schools was "John March, Stationer and
+Bookseller, next door to Mr. Semmes's Tavern."
+
+And you see they could buy pretty baubles and delectable foods, for
+Dinsmore and Francis advertise their "New Grocery, Wine and Liquor
+Store, nearly opposite Burnet and Rigden's, Watchmakers and Jewelers."
+Another well-known merchant said his new line of spring clothing had
+just arrived. And John Dabney "had received and had for sale at his
+cabinet and chair factory a large quantity of Windsor chairs." West
+along Bridge Street, before 1790, William Eaton had "mahogany ware,
+chairs and tables, beds, etc., finished and unfinished." Another
+cabinet-maker was Mr. Schultz. James Welsh, cabinet-maker from London,
+opened a shop in 1790 and advertised for an apprentice. And there was a
+well-known silversmith, for S. Kirk and Sons, of Baltimore, have
+identified a tea service as having been made by Charles C. Burnett, who
+worked as early as 1793. Another silversmith who had a shop on Bridge
+(M) Street in 1833 was R. H. L. Villard.
+
+    Glass Store. The subscribers have opened and have for sale at their
+    house next door to Captain Richard Johns a complete assortment of
+    Window and Hollow Glass Ware, manufactured in this State and equal
+    in quality and cheaper than that imported from Europe.
+
+    Charles Frierer and Co., 1790
+
+Thomas Beatty and Company called their store "The Sign of the Golden
+Fan."
+
+    Manufactory of Tobacco. Henry Brand & Co. Respectfully inform the
+    Public that they have removed from New York to this Town.
+
+    George Town Academy. Madame de la Marche has for sale waters for
+    sore eyes and various salves.
+
+There were public pumps here and there for common use, but many
+householders had springs or cisterns.
+
+In 1803 the first fire engine was purchased. Every house owner was
+obliged to have as many leather fire buckets kept in the house as there
+were stories to his home, to contain not less than two and a half
+gallons of water each. The little oval metal placques one sees now and
+then affixed to houses in Georgetown were, in those days, put only on
+the houses of the members of the volunteer companies to denote that
+"here lives a fireman." Later, in 1817, _The Vigilant_, a new fire
+engine, was bought. Its house is still on High Street, just below
+Bridge. Set in the wall down near the pavement is a stone with this
+inscription:
+
+         BUSH
+    THE OLD FIRE DOG
+     DIED OF POISON
+     JULY 5TH, 1869
+        R. I. P.
+
+Someone who remembers him tells me that he was a collie, and that he
+went to every fire along with the engine. I think the men whose
+companion he was, and who evidently loved him when they inscribed the
+"R. I. P.," must have believed, as I do, that like the Jim in the poem
+of that name by Nancy Byrd Turner, he would meet them joyously "on the
+other side."
+
+Of course, the fire engines in those days--1817, I mean--were drawn by
+hand, and the old bucket-passing system was in vogue.
+
+Farther uptown, on the corner of Gay and Market Streets, was the home
+of The Potomac Fire Engine Company. There was great jealousy between the
+two. While the fire was raging, both worked together beautifully, but as
+soon as it was over, there was usually a fight.
+
+South of the canal on High Street stood the Debtors' Prison. This was
+the only prison in the lower part of Montgomery County, although the
+county court was held at Rockville, and there the cases were tried. At
+one time the town clerk of George Town got tangled up in his money
+matters and was placed in this prison where he languished until his
+friends made good his debts. A report was made to the Town Council that
+he could not perform his duties because he was in jail! Nothing now
+remains but a part of the old stone wall.
+
+Here is a description of some of the houses offered for sale:
+
+    Together or separate, 2 handsome dwelling houses, situated in George
+    Town on Potomack, they contain 5 rooms with fire place, four bed
+    chambers, two closets, and have two handsome piazzas. A kitchen near
+    the house, a bake house, two rooms for domestics, a stable, coach
+    house, a beautiful (falling) garden, ornamented with terraces, well
+    grassed, a large fish pond, a well and a spring of water, 150 young
+    fruit trees, the whole finished and done in the neatest manner under
+    a handsome and excellent enclosure containing three lots and a half,
+    extending 170 ft. on Fayette Street and 192 on Third Street. Apply
+    to John Threlkeld.
+
+Here is one of the business places advertised:
+
+    The warehouse and wharf on Water Street, lately occupied by the
+    Naval Agent (this was in 1802). There are four floors in this house,
+    with a room on the second and third with a fire place in each, one
+    intended for a compting room and the other for a lodging room.
+
+    W. S. Chandler.
+
+Evidently a clerk had to sleep on the premises as guard.
+
+There were architects and builders to put up these fine and commodious
+houses, for these advertisements appear:
+
+    William Lovering, Architect and General Builder--Begs leave to
+    inform his friends and the public, that he has removed from the City
+    of Washington to Gay Street, the next street above the Union Tavern
+    in George Town, where he palns to estimate all manner of buildings,
+    either with materials and labor, or labor only. Specimens of
+    buildings suitable for the obtuse or acute angles of the streets in
+    the City of Washington may be seen at his home. May 1, 1800.
+
+    Henry Carlile, Architect, Carpenter and Joiner. Respectfully informs
+    his friends and the Public in general, that he proposes to undertake
+    all kinds of buildings, as formerly he hath done in Europe and this
+    country; on the lowest terms, with or without material, as he has
+    learned the theory under the first architects in Europe, also
+    practice in first buildings there, and hath finished elegant
+    buildings in Europe, with and without materials, and in this country
+    hath always had the good fortune of having the patronage and
+    friendship of his employees, and hopes by attention to please and to
+    execute, that he will meet with the encouragement of a generous
+    public. He also begs leave to return his sincere thanks to his
+    worthy employers in this Town and Country, for the encouragement he
+    hath met with since coming to this Town, and assures them nothing
+    shall be wanting on his part to merit a continuance of their favors.
+
+    George Town, September 8, 1790.
+
+    Wm. Pancost--Architect and Carpenter, can by the asistance of David
+    Willers, pump maker, late from Philadelphia, serve the public by
+    supplying them with pumps, cove logs or girders, for any purpose on
+    the shortest notice.
+
+    George Town, near the Lower Ware Houses, Jan. 29, 1799.
+
+Then in 1800, James Hoban, who was the architect and builder of the
+President's House, put this in a paper:
+
+    $2.00 per day will be given for good carpenters and joiners, at the
+    President's House and in proportion for those less skilful, to be
+    paid daily or weekly, as may be required.
+
+Imagine! Now when the White House is being rebuilt hiring "good
+carpenters and joiners for $2.00 per day!"
+
+
+
+
+Chapter IV
+
+_The Streets of George Town and Some of the Happenings_
+
+
+The houses had no numbers, but the streets had descriptive names. Along
+the river, Wapping, changing to The Keys and East to West Landing where
+all the busy loading and unloading of vessels took place. Just above
+there running west off Water Street for a short distance was Cherry Lane
+(now Grace Street). What a pretty name! Once a fashionable neighborhood,
+later on a slum.
+
+Running north and south there was first Fishing Lane which became East
+Lane and finally settled down to Congress Street and is now
+Twenty-first.
+
+Then the Main Street up from the ferry, called Water Street until it got
+to Bridge running east and west where was the Square, also called the
+Center of the Town. Then Water Street became High and Bridge continued
+on its way as the Falls Street--both names typical, as one was climbing
+a hill and the other was the road to The Little Falls. Duck Lane became
+Market (33rd) Street; Bridge (M) Street; Frederick (34th) Street, for it
+was the road out to Frederick Town, forty miles away; Potomac Street,
+for the river; Fayette Street, certainly named in honor of the Marquis,
+but in that age of young democracy, de la was dropped from de la
+Fayette. Then there was Montgomery (28th) Street, Greene (29th) Street,
+and Washington (30th) Street, all named for Generals of the Revolution.
+Running the other way were Gay, Dunbarton, Beall, West, Stoddert, this,
+for a long time was known as Back Street. West of High Street (Wisconsin
+Avenue) the streets became First, Second, Third, etc. Twenty-seventh
+Street, after being New Street for one block and Mill Street for
+another, finally was named for President Monroe. Madison had a street
+named for him too, but it was so far out, about 9th, in the far western
+corner, that it never amounted to much.
+
+But the street that intrigues me most is Gay. There were two of them for
+a while, the one that is now N, and another, way up near the college,
+which was renamed in honor of General Lingan, after his tragic death.
+Who was Gay Street named for? It wasn't a local celebrity, for Baltimore
+also had a Gay Street, still has, way down in its old section. There was
+somebody the people of that generation admired and wished to
+commemorate.
+
+Could it possibly have been the English poet, John Gay, (1685-1732)
+whose best known piece "The Beggar's Opera" was said to have made "The
+Rich gay and Gay rich"? He was buried in Westminster Abbey. His epitaph
+was by Alexander Pope, followed by Gay's own mocking couplet, "Life is a
+jest, and all things show it. I thought so once and now I know it."
+
+The Beggar's Opera for a time drove Italian Opera off the English stage
+(1728) by its caricature of Sir Robert Walpole, Prime Minister of George
+II. These people were British subjects, you know, when these streets
+were named.
+
+Somewhere in these quaint little streets in the early days before 1800,
+in one of these little brick houses, two stories with dormer windows,
+which the architects nowadays call the George Town Type, lived a couple
+named McDonald who had marital difficulties, for in an old newspaper is
+this advertisement:
+
+    Whereas my wife, Mary McDonald, has left me without any just cause
+    or impediment. She is about fifty years of age, lame in her right
+    leg and snivels a little. It is supposed she went off with one
+    Robert Joiner, an ill-looking fellow. If she returns to the arms of
+    her disconsolate husband, she shall be received and no questions
+    asked.
+
+There was another advertisement:
+
+    Alexander McDonald, taylor, removed from Bridge Street to High
+    Street, two or three gentlemen can be accomodated with board and
+    lodging.
+
+I wonder if Robert Joiner, with whom Mary eloped, was one of those two
+or three gentlemen, and what fascination she had that was strong enough
+to overcome all those physical disabilities her "disconsolate husband"
+enumerated!
+
+A man in Boston wanted a wife, and had his advertisement copied from
+_The Boston Sentinel_ into a George Town newspaper:
+
+    Wanted--A wife: Enquire of the Printer. April 23, 1801. Be pleased
+    to inform applicants, that the advertiser wishes the lady to be
+    neither too old nor too young. Taking 25 for a central point, she
+    must not be more than 7 years distant either way. If of a sulky or
+    fretful disposition; if sluttish, lazy, proud, ostentatious or
+    deceitful, or of an ill state of health, she must have a pretty
+    large share of property to recommend her. If on the contrary, she be
+    of a cheerful, contented temper; of affable manners and benevolent
+    to the poor; if in the habit of being attentive to her household
+    when business commands attention, and gay and careless when pleasure
+    is the pursuit; and of sound health and good constitution (for such
+    only can produce strong and vigorous children), she need not
+    possess a cent. If well-read, so much the better, provided she is
+    not too fond of her book to neglect overseeing her affairs and
+    suffering the hole in her stocking to go unmended. She must not be a
+    pedant or a scold but must know enough of books to distinguish
+    between a volume of history and a novel; and have sufficient spirit
+    to prevent being imposed upon. Communication addressed to A. B. and
+    left at the composing room, if originating in honorable intentions
+    will be attended to with secrecy, honor and punctuality, and should
+    the interview succeed, the advertiser will faithfully describe his
+    situation and prospects.
+
+Was this paragon discovered in old George Town and taken to Boston for
+keeps? No one knows.
+
+But this might easily have been so, as witness these advertisements of
+the plays being shown in George Town in 1790, for on July 21 this
+appears: "The Theatre of this Town was opened by Mr. McGrath's Company
+of Comedians, with the celebrated comedy The Miser. This Company is by
+far the best that ever visited this town." Then on August 12 there was
+"The Beggars Opera and A Comedy of two acts, Barnaby Brittle or a Wife
+at her Wits End. Also in August Mr. McGrath's Company of Comedians gave
+The Tragedy of Douglas and Garrick's Comedy of Two Acts called The Lying
+Valet."
+
+    The curtain will rise at 7 o'clock Tickets at three quarters of a
+    dollar each to be had at Mr. Suter's and Mrs. White's Taverns and at
+    this Printing Office.
+
+Another evening will be presented the "Tragedy of Jane Shore. Between
+the play and the farce a humorous dissertation of Jealousy to be
+delivered by Mr. McGrath to which will be added a farce called Cross
+Purposes, or Which is the Man. The doors to be opened at half past five
+and the curtain to rise at half past six."
+
+For attendance at these performances and other social events, the ladies
+and gentlemen of George Town were naturally interested in this
+advertisement in the paper:
+
+    BY FASHIONS WE LIVE
+
+    JOHN JONES
+
+    Hair dresser for Ladies and Gentlemen. Begs leave to inform Ladies
+    and Gentlemen of George Town and its vicinage that he intends
+    carrying on his profession in all its different branches and
+    fashions; he also carries on the Cushion, Perriwig, Curls, Braids,
+    false curls and Gentlemen's Bandoe making. The highest price given
+    for human hair.
+
+George Town, at this time, was even favored by the presence of one of
+the greatest portrait painters of his time, Gilbert Stuart. About 1803
+he spent two years here. He painted Jefferson and the men who followed
+him in the Presidency up through John Quincy Adams. He had, of course,
+previously been much at Mount Vernon while doing his famous portraits of
+General Washington. It is said that Washington was the only person in
+whose presence Stuart was ever embarrassed.
+
+There were drawing teachers and dancing masters. "Mr. Carle, dancing
+master, may be spoke with on school days at Mrs. White's Tavern."
+"Dancing School of J. B. Duclaviacq at his dancing room back of Mr.
+Turner's Counting House."
+
+Perhaps it was one of these two which advertised, "A night
+Dancing-School for the Reception of Gentlemen who are not at leisure to
+attend in the Day-time; will be kept the evenings of the School days;
+The Price to each Scholar will be Four dollars. A subscription is lodged
+with Mr. Peter Casanave."
+
+Gaming at cards at private balls and parties and toddy at dinner date
+back to the earliest knowledge of society in this vicinity. Card
+playing, horse-racing and other sports were fashionable and popular and
+had not abated in 1800 when the Government came.
+
+In chronicles of Sir Augustus Foster, the British Minister in 1805 he
+notes the balls in Georgetown "Cards for everybody, loo for the
+girls--brag for the men."
+
+But all was not play, for in the _Times_ and _Potowmack Packet_ is this
+newsnote:
+
+    On the 13th inst. a daughter of Mr. Aaron Haynes of this town, a
+    young miss in the tenth year of her age, spun 50 knots of good linen
+    yarn, from sun-rise to sunset. An example of industry, highly
+    honorable to herself and well worthy of imitation.
+
+And speaking of youth here is an interesting item:
+
+    This day were baptized three male children (the uncommon gift of
+    Providence at one birth) by the names of George Washington, John
+    Adams, Benjamin Franklin.
+
+Then this sad and interesting advertisement:
+
+    With regret and shame the subscriber finds himself under the
+    necessity of advertising his wife. Although it is practised by some
+    white people, yet he, though black, blushes at the thought of
+    declaring to the world that his wife has run away. But disagreeable
+    as it is, he does by these presents make known that Lucy, his wife,
+    has eloped from his bed and board and forbids all persons harbouring
+    or trusting her, as he will pay no debts of her contracting after
+    this date.
+
+    Prince Hull.
+
+On June 30, 1790 there was this announcement in the newspaper:
+
+    The gentlemen who have subscribed to celebrate the Anniversary of
+    American Independency will be pleased to attend at Mrs. White's
+    Tavern at Four O' clock tomorrow afternoon to choose Managers to
+    regulate the proceedings of that day.
+
+Scheme of a Lottery:
+
+    To raise the sum of One Thousand Five Hundred and Nine Dollars for
+    the purpose of finishing the Church between George Town and
+    Bladensburgh, called Rock Creek Church.
+
+    All prizes not demanded in six months after the drawing, will be
+    deemed generous contributions.
+
+    3000 Tickets at Two dollars each.
+
+    As the above is laudable it is expected that it will meet with
+    approbation and support of the public. As soon as the tickets are
+    sold the drawing will commence at Mr. John Suter's at George Town
+    and the Prizes paid immediately thereafter on application to Thomas
+    Beall Treasurer, in specie.
+
+    MANAGERS
+
+    Col. Wm. Deakins     Robert Peter
+    Benj. Stoddert       John Peter
+    Brooke Beall         Bernard O'Neil
+    John Threlkeld       Anthony Hollmead
+    Thomas Cramphin      Col. George Beall
+             Thomas Beall of George
+                                Treasurer
+
+    _The Times and Potowmack Packet._ November 25, 1789.
+
+Five years before in September 1784 in the _Maryland Gazette_ there was
+an advertisement for the George Town Academy lottery:
+
+    Scheme of a lottery for raising $1,400 to be applied to the
+    purchasing a house for the use of the George Town Academy.
+
+    The right education of youth is an object of such vast importance of
+    freedom and happiness that there needs no strength of reasoning to
+    recommend the above scheme which is meant to promote it to the
+    patronage and encouragement of a liberal public.
+
+    Tickets may be had from Messrs. Robert Peter, William Deakins, Jr.,
+    Bernard O'Neill, Henry Townsend, John P. Boucher, Benj. Stoddert,
+    Robt. Philips, Sam'l Davidson, Brooke Beall, and Dr. Walter Smith at
+    George Town;
+
+    Wm. D. Beall at Bladensburg, Henry Lyles, Alexandria; Thomas
+    Clagett, at Piscataway, Abraham Faw and Patrick Sim Smith,
+    Frederick-town, and David Stewart and Cumberland Dugan and Mr.
+    Henderson at Baltimore.
+
+    David Crawford, Upper Marlboro; Alexander Clagett, Hager's Town.
+
+    The drawing will commence at George Town as soon as the tickets are
+    all sold.
+
+    Managers are  Robt. Peter
+                  Benj. Stoddert
+                  Wm. Deakins, Jr.
+
+    Who will faithfully execute the trust reposed in them.
+
+Henry Stouffer advertised in 1789 his Stage to Annapolis, three times a
+week which took six or seven hours at the farthest. And in the same
+paper the Annapolis Packet run by Edward Thomas (of course by water)
+goes twice a week charging 7 shillings, 6 pence.
+
+In the _Impartial Observer and Washington Advertiser_ of June 26, 1795:
+
+    George Town, Washington and Alexandria Packet--James Bull Master.
+
+    Will leave George Town every morning at seven o'clock and call at
+    this place (City of Washington) on her way to Alexandria. Leave
+    Alexandria every evening at 4 and call on way to George Town. 17
+    cents from George Town to Greenleaf Point, 33 to Alexandria.
+    Passages engaged at Mr. Suter's or Mr. Semmes' Tavern in George
+    Town; at Mr. Ward's, Greenleaf Point, and Mr. Thomas Porter's Store,
+    Alexandria.
+
+    Ferry boats must not have pendent or any other colour flying or ring
+    a bell on board so as to affrighten the horses and thereby endanger
+    the lives of the passengers. Penalty of $20.
+
+_Sentinel of Liberty_, June 27, 1800:
+
+    The Stages will leave Light-Lane Number 3 adjoining the Fountain Inn
+    every day (Monday excepted.)
+
+    Returning, leave Mr. Heiskell's, Alexandria, at 3 o'clock. Mr.
+    Semmes' at George Town at 5.
+
+There were also stages going out to Rockville and to Frederick.
+
+In later years there was a conveyance running to Rockville spoken of as
+"The Hack."
+
+The license tax list discriminated in license value of one-horse chaise
+and two-wheel coach.
+
+This thriving town had of course to be regulated and governed, and there
+are copies in existence of the ordinances and by-laws for making it safe
+and agreeable. One passed on the 20th November 1791, related to "the
+going at large of geese and swine" and makes it "lawful to kill any such
+and give notice to the Mayor or one of the Aldermen, the offender to be
+sent to the public market house where the owner may claim within four
+hours, or if no claim in four hours, the finder take and apply to proper
+use. All goats running at large shall be forfeited to who ever shall
+take them up."
+
+Also on August 4, 1795 an ordinance relating to garbage, glass bottles,
+or oyster shells in quantity 30 shillings fine. We are still having
+trouble keeping Georgetown neat and clean.
+
+And they had trouble about speeding then as now, for there was passed an
+ordinance August 4, 1795 "that any person who shall by galloping, or
+otherwise force at an improper speed any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, shall
+if a free man, forfeit and pay for every such offence the sum of 15
+shillings current money; if an apprentice, servant or a slave the
+master or the mistress shall forfeit and pay the sum of 7 shillings and
+sixpence."
+
+And in 1807 they passed an ordinance to "more effectually diminish the
+number of dogs in Gerogetown as they have become a public nuisance; on
+the first dog of the male kind owned by any one person, $1; on the
+second, $2; and on all over two, owned by the same person, $5; and on
+the first of the female kind, $2; on the second, $4; and on all dogs of
+the female kind over and above two, owned by the same person, $10."
+
+Then they passed an ordinance, "that after the first day of May next no
+slave shall be permitted to sell any article whatever (other than fruit)
+on the Sabboth."
+
+In 1811 the Mayor was ordered to appoint and hire eight men of good
+character to keep a night watch at the rate of $150 per annum, one of
+them to act as Captain at the rate of $250.
+
+They probably officiated at these events.
+
+    Ordinance passed 10th October 1796.
+
+    Whereas many respectable inhabitants of Georgetown have complained
+    that they suffer great inconvenience from the vast concourse of idle
+    white and black persons that frequently assemble together for the
+    purpose of fighting cocks, at which time they drink to access,
+    become riotous, and disturb the quiet and repose of the good
+    citizens, be it ordained by Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common
+    Council that any white person or persons or free negro or negroes
+    who shall presume to fight any game cocks or dunghill fouls within
+    the jurisdiction of the corporation for any wagers or for diversion
+    shall for every offense pay $5. Also if having assembled in a
+    disorderly manner for the purpose of fighting cocks, if they refuse
+    to disperse, constables shall take such negro or negroes (being
+    slaves) and give him, her, or them, due correction upon the bare
+    back in some public part of Georgetown not exceeding 39 strikes.
+
+An ordinance for regulating and licensing hackney carriages, billiard
+tables, theatrical and other public amusements.
+
+Another says,
+
+    ... any person or persons who shall keep or maintain the common
+    gaming house or open or set up any public gaming table shall forfeit
+    and pay $20 current money.
+
+    Provided always, that licensed billiard tables are not intended
+    hereby to be prohibited or herein included.
+
+Passed 4th October 1803.
+
+The fire engines and fire buckets heretofore bought by the subscription
+of sundry inhabitants of the town have been offered for the use of the
+town.
+
+In 1801 the corporation of Georgetown was concerning itself a good deal
+with the paving of the streets.
+
+John Mason, Jesse Baley and Wm. H. Dorsey were a committee to report
+permanent systems for improving the streets and alleys, whether by
+paving or otherwise.
+
+They determined to commence the work at the intersection of Washington
+(30th) and Bridge (M) Streets and carry the pavement up along the north
+side of Bridge Street to the intersection of High and Water Streets and
+thence, after paving with round stone the Center Square to continue it
+afterwards along the south of Fall Street ... to remove the earth and
+pave 5 ft. wide against the curb stone, where individuals would not
+pave, from Washington to High Street and to graduate and pave the Center
+Square.
+
+There was a good deal more work of that kind to be done at that time and
+John Peter was appointed permanent superintendent.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter V
+
+_Washington and L'Enfant in George Town_
+
+
+Such was the town through which General George Washington passed in
+April 1789, on his way from Mount Vernon to his inauguration in New York
+as first President of the government which was trying out an experiment
+new to the world.
+
+In the _Times and Potowmack Packet_, on April 23, is this insertion:
+
+    George Town. Last Thursday passed through this town on his way to
+    New York the most illustrious, the President of the United States of
+    America, with Charles Thompson, Esq. Secretary, to Congress. His
+    Excellency arrived at about 2 O'Clock on the bank of the Patowmack,
+    escorted by a respectable corps of gentlemen from Alexandria where
+    the George Town ferry boats, properly equipped, received his
+    Excellency and suit, safely landed them, under the acclamation of a
+    large crowd of their grateful fellow citizens--who beheld his
+    Fabius, in the evening of his day, bid adieu to the peaceful retreat
+    of Mount Vernon, in order to save his country once more from
+    confusion and anarchy. From this place his Excellency was escorted
+    by corps of gentlemen commanded by Col. Wm. Deakins, Junr., to Mr.
+    Spurrier's Tavern, where the escort from Baltimore take charge of
+    him.
+
+Colonel Deakins was Justice of the Peace, a very high office in those
+days, (there was no mayor) besides being a large landowner and
+shipowner.
+
+Among the prominent men who probably formed this escort were many of
+Washington's former officers of the Revolutionary Army, for when he
+came to George Town he was amongst old friends: Colonel Forrest, Major
+Stoddert, General James Maccubbin Lingan, General Otho Williams, William
+Beatty (who had distinguished himself in the army and had attained the
+rank of Colonel), Thomas Richardson who, although a Quaker, was Captain
+of a company and won high repute; William Murdock, who had been a
+Colonel of militia raised for the defense of the Province of Maryland in
+1776, and Lloyd Beall, who had been adjutant of the Staff of Alexander
+Hamilton, and General John Mason.
+
+I quote freely from Dr. H. Paul Caemmerer's very interesting _Biography
+of Pierre Charles L'Enfant_. "Among the numerous problems of the first
+Congress in 1789, was the question of establishment of a seat of
+government or a National Capital. During the period of the Continental
+Congress and the subsequent period of the Congress of the Confederation,
+from 1774 to 1789, Congress had met in eight different town and
+cities--Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster, York, Princeton, Annapolis,
+Trenton, and New York City, part of the time pursued by the enemy and
+part of the time attacked by disgruntled soldiers. It was found
+difficult for Members of Congress to find adequate quarters, and it was
+always a problem to move records and files. Thus it developed that
+Congress wanted a home of its own. The Constitution of the United States
+provided for a Federal District ten miles square (Art. 1, Sec. 8, Par.
+17)."
+
+"On September 11, 1789, while yet the idea of locating a Capital City
+was still unsettled, L'Enfant wrote to President Washington asking to be
+employed to design the Capital of 'this vast empire.'"
+
+"It might be inferred from this letter that L'Enfant knew more about the
+controversy in the Halls of Congress on the subject of location of the
+Seat of Government than we know today. It was at its height, that we
+know. The question of size of the Federal District had been settled by
+the Constitution--it was to be ten miles square. Now the question of
+location predominated--the question of 'exclusive jurisdiction' to be
+exercised by Congress had been generally conceded.
+
+The discussion was finally limited to two sites: first, a location on
+the banks of the Potomac at least as far South as Georgetown, Maryland,
+which was favored particularly by the Southern members of Congress as
+being the geographical center of the United States; second, a site on
+the Delaware River near the falls above Trenton, which Pennsylvania,
+Delaware, and the other States nearby favored. But on the whole it was
+deemed very important during the First Congress to give the National
+Capital a central location along the Atlantic coast. Southern members
+led by Richard Bland Lee and James Madison, of Virginia, argued for
+consideration for the question by Congress before adjournment, and
+recommended the Potomac River site near Georgetown."
+
+"The burning question before Congress at the time was a bill for funding
+of the public debt and the assumption of debts incurred by the States
+during the Revolutionary War, amounting to about $20,000,000. Alexander
+Hamilton as the first Secretary of the Treasury had recommended the
+funding of both forms of indebtedness in obligations of the United
+States. His aim was to restore the value of the worthless continental
+dollar (a pound of tea sold for $90; a pair of shoes for $100; a barrel
+of flour for $1,500 in paper money) but it was pointed out that the
+assumption of State debts by the Government would result in most
+benefits to the Northern States where there was most of the trade, while
+mostly agriculture was in the South.... Thus we come to the famous
+compromise proposed by Hamilton about the middle of June, 1790, when in
+consideration of locating the capital on the banks of the Potomac he
+hoped to secure enough votes to secure the enactment of the funding
+bill."
+
+"Thus by the Act of July 16, 1790, it was definitely decided that the
+seat of government should be on the banks of the Potomac."
+
+"Thereupon arose the question of design for the Federal City. Pursuant
+to the application received, President Washington chose Pierre Charles
+L'Enfant, 'the artist of the American Revolution,' for this work. No
+better choice could have been made. L'Enfant applied his ability to the
+task with enthusiasm; the approbation of 'his General' gave him supreme
+satisfaction."
+
+"In accordance with directions from President Washington, Major L'Enfant
+proceeded to Georgetown for the purpose of making a sketch of the area
+proposed for the Federal City that would enable him to fix locations on
+the spot for public buildings. He arrived on March 9, 1791. L'Enfant
+carried with him a letter of instructions from Secretary of State
+Jefferson as follows:
+
+    'Sir: You are desired to proceed to Georgetown where you will find
+    Mr. Ellicott employed in making a survey and Map of the Federal
+    Territory. The special object of asking your aid is to have a
+    drawing of the particular grounds most likely to be approved for the
+    site of the Federal town and buildings. You will therefore be
+    pleased to begin on the Eastern branch and proceed from thence
+    upwards, laying down the hills, valleys, morasses and waters between
+    that and the Potomac, The Tyber, and the road leading from
+    Georgetown to the Eastern branch and connecting the whole with
+    certain fixed points on the map Mr. Ellicott is preparing. Some idea
+    of the height of the lands above the base on which they stand would
+    be desirable. For necessary assistance and expense be pleased to
+    apply to the Mayor of Georgetown who is written to on the subject. I
+    will beg the favor of you to mark to me your progress about twice a
+    week, say every Wednesday and Saturday evening, that I may be able
+    in proper time to draw your attention to some other objects which I
+    have not at this moment sufficient information to define.'"
+
+"_The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser_ of March 18, 1791,
+reported Major L'Enfant's arrival in Georgetown as follows:
+
+    'GEORGETOWN (Patowmac) March 12.
+
+    Wednesday (March 9) evening arrived in this town Major Longfont, a
+    French gentleman employed by the President of the United States to
+    survey the lands contiguous to Georgetown, where the Federal City is
+    to be put. His skill in matters of this kind is justly extolled by
+    all disposed to give merit its proper tribute of praise. He is
+    earnest in the business and hopes to be able to lay a plan of that
+    parcel of land before the President on his arrival in this town.'
+
+"L'Enfant reported to Secretary of State Jefferson, promptly:
+
+    'Friday March 11, 1791
+
+    Sir: I have the honor of informing you of my arrival at this place
+    where I could not possibly reach before Wednesday last and very late
+    in the evening, after having traveled part of the way on foot and
+    part on horseback leaving the broken stage behind.
+
+    'On arriving I made it my first care to wait on the Mayor of the
+    town in conformity with the direction which you gave me. He appeared
+    to be much surprised and he assured me he had received no previous
+    notice of my coming nor any injunction relating to the business I
+    was sent upon. However next day--yesterday morning--he made me a
+    kind offer of his assistance in procuring for me three or four men
+    to attend me in the surveying and this being the only thing I was in
+    need of, every matter has been soon arranged. I am only at present
+    to regret that a heavy rain and thick mist which has been incessant
+    ever since my arrival here, does put an insuperable obstacle to my
+    wish of proceeding immediately to the survey. Should the weather
+    continue bad, as there is every appearance it will, I shall be much
+    at a lost how to make a plan of the ground you have pointed out to
+    me and have it ready for the President at the time he is expected at
+    this place.'"
+
+"In the meantime President Washington had begun his triumphal tour
+through the South. In Maryland he was escorted by his Excellency
+Governor Howard and the Honorable Mr. Kilty: Washington's Diary for
+March 28-30, 1791, reports:
+
+    'Monday 28th: Left Bladensburgh at half after six, and breakfasted
+    at George Town about 8:--where, having appointed the Commissioners
+    under the Residence Law to meet me, I found Mr. Johnson one of them
+    (and who is Chief Justice of the State) in waiting--and soon after
+    came in David Stuart, and Danl. Carroll Esqrs. the other two. A few
+    miles out of Town I was met by the principal Citizens of the place
+    and escorted in by them; and dined at Suter's tavern (where I also
+    lodged) at a public dinner given by the Mayor and
+    Corporation--previous to which I examined the Surveys of Mr.
+    Ellicott who had been sent on to lay out the district of ten miles
+    square for the federal seat; and also works of Majr. L'Enfant who
+    had been engaged to examine and make a draught of the grds. in the
+    vicinity of George Town and Carrollsburg on the Eastern Branch
+    making arrangements for examining the ground myself tomorrow with
+    the Commissioners.'
+
+    'Tuesday, 29th
+
+    'In thick mist, and under strong appearance of a settled rain (which
+    however did not happen) I set out about 7 o'clock, for the purpose
+    above mentioned, but from the unfavorableness of the day, I derived
+    no great satisfaction from the review.
+
+    'Finding the interests of the Landholders about George Town and
+    those about the Carrollsburgh much at variance and that their fears
+    and jealousies of each were counteracting the public purposes and
+    might prove injurious to its best interests, whilst if properly
+    managed they might be made to subserve it, I requested them to meet
+    me at six o'clock this afternoon at my lodgings, which they
+    accordingly did....
+
+    'Dined at Colo. Forrest's today with the Commissioners and others.'
+    [Whose residence was at 3348 M Street.]
+
+    'Wednesday, 30th.
+
+    'The parties to whom I addressed myself yesterday evening, having
+    taken the matter into consideration, saw the propriety of my
+    observations; and that whilst they were contending for the shadow
+    they might loose the substance; and therefore mutually agreed and
+    entered into articles to surrender for public purposes, one half of
+    the land they severally possessed within the bounds which were
+    designated as necessary for the City to stand with some other
+    stipulations, which were inserted in the instrument which they
+    respectively subscribed.
+
+    'This business being thus happily finished and some directions given
+    to the Commissioners, the Surveyor and Engineer with respect to the
+    mode of laying out the district--Surveying the grounds for the City
+    and forming them into lots--I left Georgetown, dined in Alexandria
+    and reached Mount Vernon in the evening.'"
+
+The "others," with whom he dined, were evidently the proprietors of the
+land, sixteen, who next day signed before witnesses the agreement drawn
+up that day. It is too long to quote in its entirety, but in effect
+these were the conditions: "that in consideration of the good benefits
+they were to derive from having the Federal City laid off upon their
+lands the President may retain any number of squares he may think proper
+for public improvements or uses at the rate of £25 ($66.66 in Penn.
+currency) per acre. For the streets they should receive no compensation.
+Each proprietor was to retain full possession of his land till it should
+be sold into lots." The men who signed, in order of signing, were:
+Robert Peter, David Burnes, James M. Lingan, Uriah Forrest, Benjamin
+Stoddert, Notley Young, Daniel Carroll, of Duddington; Overton Carr,
+Thomas Beall, of George; Charles Beatty, Anthony Holmead, William Young,
+Edward Peirce, Abraham Young, James Peirce, and William Prout. At a
+later date the following men joined in the agreement and are often
+counted among the original property holders: Robert Morris, Samuel
+Blodget, William Bailey, Samuel Davidson, William Deakins, Jr., James
+Greenleaf, Thomas Johnson, Robert Lingan, Dominick Lynch, John
+Nicholson, John H. Stone, Comfort Sands, Benjamin Oden, John P. Van
+Ness, George Walker, and the legal guardians of Elizabeth Wheeler.
+
+It was in this little town that the President issued his proclamation
+concerning the permanent seat of government of the United States. It
+reads thus:
+
+    Done at George Town, aforesaid, the 30th day of March in the year of
+    our Lord, 1791 and in the Independence of the United States the
+    fifteenth.
+
+                                  By the President,
+                                                   GEORGE WASHINGTON.
+    THOMAS JEFFERSON.
+
+Having satisfactorily accomplished this business, General Washington
+proceeded to Mount Vernon, whence he wrote on April 3, 1791, to the
+Commissioners to proceed at once with the Attorney-General in regard to
+deeds so that the sale of lots and public buildings might commence as
+soon as possible. He quotes a letter from Mr. Jefferson:
+
+    ... that on the 27th of March a bill had been introduced in the
+    House of Representatives for granting a sum of money for building a
+    Federal Hall, a house for the President, etc.
+
+At a meeting of the Commissioners on September 9, 1791, in reply to a
+letter from Major L'Enfant a letter was written saying:
+
+    ... that the title of the map he was making was to be, "A Map of the
+    City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia," and that the
+    streets were to be named alphabetically one way and numerically the
+    other, etc.
+
+    (Signed by)
+               THOMAS JOHNSON,
+               DAVID STUART,
+               DANIEL CARROLL.
+
+L'Enfant aimed to make an original plan for the Federal City, adapted to
+the topography, but he endeavored to secure ideas from plans of great
+cities of Europe that might be found possible of adaptation so he wrote
+to Jefferson who sent his notable reply and plans of a number of cities
+that he had secured evidently while our minister to France.
+
+"June 30th Washington noted, 'The business which brot. me to Georgetown
+being finished and the Comrs. instructed with respect to the mode of
+carrying the plan into effect, I set off this morning a littel after 4
+o'clock, in the prosecution of my journey towards Philadelphia....'"
+
+"Thereupon the building site for the city took on intense activity."
+
+Pierre Charles L'Enfant was the son of Pierre L'Enfant, an artist who
+painted battle scenes and also designed tapestries for the Gobelin
+Works. L'Enfant himself was an artist and it was his artistic
+temperament which caused him trouble. At the age of 22 he had come to
+America to volunteer his services in the war against England. He became
+an officer of engineers, and also helped Gen. von Steuben drill the Army
+at Valley Forge, and worked on fortifications. After the war he was a
+practicing architect in New York City for several years but when he
+heard of the Federal City to be created he longed to be the author of
+its plan and as I have said wrote to Washington asking for the job.
+
+But it was his desire for perfection which eventually was his undoing.
+There was delay in submitting the Plan to President Washington, and also
+he refused to take orders from any one except Washington, whereas he was
+told to take them from the three Commissioners of the District of
+Columbia: Thomas Johnson, David Stuart, and Daniel Carroll. Dr. David
+Stuart had become the second husband of Mrs. John Parke Custis,
+daughter-in-law of Mrs. Washington. Things went from bad to worse when
+the nephew of Daniel Carroll the Commissioner, Daniel Carroll of
+Duddington, started to build a house which abutted into a street laid
+out on the Plan and Major L'Enfant had it demolished. Also there was
+delay in getting the Map engraved.
+
+Major L'Enfant lived at Suter's Tavern during the months he was working
+in George Town. But where he actually did his work of drawing his famous
+Map, where Andrew Ellicott had his office as surveyor, and where the
+three Commissioners met for their business has never been settled.
+
+The tradition is that their office was The Little Old Stone House, now
+3049 M Street, and known for many years as "General Washington's
+Headquarters." As General Washington never had need for military
+headquarters here, for there was no fighting nearby, this tradition has
+persisted that this was the office of the Commissioners.
+
+On December 13th President Washington sent a letter to L'Enfant advising
+him that he must work under orders from the Commissioners.
+
+"Then before leaving for Philadelphia to superintend the engraving of
+his "Plan" personally, L'Enfant wrote to the Commissioners asking for
+supplies for the winter work, as follows:
+
+    'Georgetown Dec. 25, 1791.
+
+    'Gentlemen: Mr. Roberdeau, on whose activity and zeal I rely in the
+    execution of what is necessary to accomplish this winter, will
+    communicate to you a statement of the business I committed to this
+    care and I have to request you will make provision for the supply of
+    25 hands in the quarries and 50 in the city which in all will be 75
+    men kept in employment besides their respective overseers.
+
+    'There is an immediate necessity for a number of wheel-barrows and
+    above 100 will be wanted early in the spring. Therefore I beg you
+    will devise the mode of obtaining that number before the 15th of
+    March next--These wheel-barrows ought to be made light and should be
+    only roughly finished, though substantial, ...'
+
+Next we find that L'Enfant addressed a long and comprehensive Report to
+President Washington 'for renewing the work at the Federal City' in the
+approaching season and giving an estimate of expenditures for one year
+in the amount of $1,200,000."
+
+"We have here to do with the idealism of L'Enfant that contemplated
+quite a completely built city before it was occupied and operated as a
+'Seat of Government.' Unfortunately, L'Enfant did not realize the
+poverty of the Treasury; and the state of mind of national legislators,
+particularly of the North, who preferred to stay in Philadelphia to
+moving 'to the Indian Place' on the banks of the Potomac."
+
+"It is generally thought that the trouble concerning the Daniel Carroll
+of Duddington House was the reason for L'Enfant's resignation from the
+Washington work in March, 1792, and the reason for the letter from
+Secretary of State Jefferson terminating his services that month. But a
+close analysis of L'Enfant's experiences reveals that this was simply a
+'serious incident' in a chain of troubles to follow. This brings to
+light the names of L'Enfant's assistants Roberdeau and Baraof. There
+were also Benjamin Banneker; and Alexander Ralston."
+
+"L'Enfant remained silent so far as arguments with President Washington
+and the Plan was concerned, until 1800 after 'his General' had died. In
+the meantime the L'Enfant Plan was engraved, the question of
+compensation to L'Enfant came up and he was reimbursed in part." But the
+question of payment to Major L'Enfant was never settled.
+
+After leaving Georgetown he worked on a Plan for the city of Patterson,
+New Jersey, built a magnificent house for Robert Morris in Philadelphia
+which was never finished, and also Oeller's Hotel where the
+Philadelphia Assemblies were held.
+
+From 1800 to 1810 he spent most of his time and efforts trying to secure
+payment for his services in laying out the Plan of the Capital City of
+Washington. On July 7, 1812 Secretary of War Eustis appointed him
+Professor of Engineering in the Military Academy at West Point but he
+declined saying that he had not "the rigidity of manner, the tongue nor
+the patience, nor indeed any inclination peculiar to instructors."
+
+In 1814 he was consulted in regard to the fortification of Fort
+Washington opposite Mount Vernon and did some work there.
+
+After the war was over he continued to live there at Warburton Manor
+with Thomas A. Digges until 1824 when he went to live with a nephew
+William Dudley Digges at Green Hill nearby, where he died, June 14,
+1825, and was buried on the estate.
+
+In 1909 the U. S. Government at last honored him by burying him in the
+National Cemetery at Arlington, in front of the house, overlooking the
+city of his dream.
+
+At twelve o'clock October 12, 1792, the corner-stone of the President's
+House was laid, but there is no record of any ceremony. There is,
+however, a long account in the newspapers of the laying of the
+corner-stone of the Capitol, which was personally performed by George
+Washington in his capacity as a Mason, on September 18, 1792, "amid a
+brilliant crowd of spectators of both sexes." Right at the head of the
+procession, immediately following "the Surveying Department of the City
+of Washington," is noted "The Mayor and Corporation of George Town."
+John Threlkeld was Mayor that year, and certainly that "brilliant
+crowd" must have been largely composed of Georgetonians for the dwellers
+in the City of Washington at that time were few and far between. Witness
+General Washington's letter on the 17th of May, 1795, to Alexander
+White, one of the Commissioners: "I shall intimate that a residence in
+the City if a house is to be had, will be more promotive of its welfare
+than your abode in George Town." He was nursing along his namesake in
+every possible way. On February 8, 1798, he notes in his diary: "Visited
+Public Buildings in the morning." The day before, the 7th, he speaks of
+going to a meeting of the Potomac Company, dining with Colonel
+Fitzgerald, and lodging with Thomas Peter at Number 2618 K Street. This
+was only natural, as Mrs. Peter was, of course, his step-granddaughter.
+On that same trip he met the Commissioners again, this time at Union
+Tavern, and dined there. On August 5th his diary says: "Went to George
+Town to a general meeting of the Potomac Company. Dined at the Union
+Tavern and lodged at Mr. Law's." Thomas Law, an Englishman, had married
+Eliza Custis, Mrs. Washington's eldest grandchild, and had a home on
+Capitol Hill.
+
+On August 11th he again spent the night at Thomas Peter's home, and that
+was the last night he ever spent in the city named in his honor. He was
+never to live to see the government established in the city over which
+he had worked so hard, and in which he had such absolute implicit faith.
+
+"A century hence," he wrote, "if this country keeps united, it will
+produce a city, though not so large as London, yet of a magnitude
+inferior to few other in Europe."
+
+
+
+
+Chapter VI
+
+_Below Bridge Street_
+
+
+Nearly all of the business, and most of the social life, up until 1800
+took place below Bridge (M) Street. The island in the river below George
+Town, which was called, variously, Analostan, Mason's Island, My Lord's
+Island, and Barbadoes, was almost a part of George Town in those days.
+It belonged to the great plantation of George Mason, of Gunston, the
+brilliant statesman and author of the Bill of Rights.
+
+His son, General Mason, had there an estate where he entertained in fine
+style. Louis Philippe of France, while a visitor in George Town, was
+feted there and said he had never seen a more elegant entertainment.
+Twenty-three kinds of fish were caught in the river in those days,
+besides terrapin and snapping turtles, so perhaps they helped to
+embellish the occasion.
+
+The island was rich in forest trees, foliage, flowering and aromatic
+shrubs, orchards of cherry, apple, and peach trees. Cotton was grown
+there which was the color of nankeen; it was spun, woven, and used in
+its natural color, without being dyed. Also, there was grown a variety
+of maize of deep purple color, used as a dye.
+
+John Mason had also a town house which we shall mention later. He, like
+most of the men in this community, was engaged in the business of
+shipping tobacco. The majority of his trade seems to have been with
+France, from letters of his father to him, in which the great George
+offered to help out his son in his shipments by letting him have some of
+the hogsheads he had on hand.
+
+John Mason had been a general in the Revolution, and was at the head of
+the militia here, and also owned a ferry operating to the Virginia shore
+from the foot of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue). The ferry was worked by
+a great iron chain.
+
+In 1835 Analostan Island was purchased by William A. Bradley, nephew of
+the Abraham Bradley who came to Washington with the Government in 1800
+as Assistant Postmaster General. For many years it was a wilderness,
+with only traces showing of its once famous house, but not long ago it
+was purchased by the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association.
+
+Robert Peter's house stood on High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), about
+where Grace Church now stands. He owned the whole block between Congress
+(31st) Street and High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), up to Bridge (M)
+Street. It was called Peter's Square. At the age of forty, after he had
+lived nearly fifteen years in George Town, he married Elizabeth Scott,
+the daughter of George Scott, High Sheriff of Prince George County. They
+had eight children.
+
+Their eldest son, Thomas, was married in 1795 to Martha Parke Custis,
+the second granddaughter of Mrs. Washington. The bride was sixteen, the
+groom twenty-seven. The wedding took place at Hope Park near Fairfax
+Court House, where Martha's mother, the former Eleanor Calvert (Mrs.
+John Parke Custis), had been living since she became the wife of David
+Stuart, one of the Commissioners laying out the City of Washington.
+Soon after their marriage, Mr. Peter gave to Thomas and his wife one of
+the six houses he had built for his sons on lots across Rock Creek in
+the new city. The one he gave them was 2618 K Street, and is still
+standing. It was there that General Washington stayed with the young
+couple so often. Martha was very lovely in appearance, and very devoted
+to her step-grandfather, and he, apparently, to her.
+
+Robert Peter's eldest daughter, Elizabeth, was married in 1787 to her
+cousin, James Dunlop. Mr. Peter's mother had been Jean Dunlop of
+Garnkirke. To this couple, the father also gave a house situated not far
+from his own, a block away, up High Street (Wisconsin Avenue). There
+they reared a large family.
+
+No more interesting figure looms out of the mists of early George Town
+than the Reverend Stephen Bloomer Balch, the founder and first pastor of
+the Presbyterian Church. But, far more than that, he seems to have been
+pastor, "Parson," as he was affectionately called, for the entire
+community. It was in his church edifice that each denomination met until
+they procured their own.
+
+Born on his parents' place in the Susquehanna region, graduated from
+Princeton in the same class with Aaron Burr, Dr. Balch went to Lower
+Marlboro, Calvert County, Maryland, to take charge of a classical
+academy in October, 1775. For two years he taught, drilled the students
+in military training, and studied theology on the side. His books were
+borrowed from the Reverend Thomas Clagett, who afterwards became the
+first Episcopal Bishop of Maryland, and now lies buried in the
+Washington Cathedral, not very far from his pupil in Oak Hill Cemetery.
+
+Not very long after Dr. Balch was licensed as a preacher, he came to
+George Town, about 1778, the only place of worship at that time being
+the Lutherans' small building, where their new church now stands on the
+corner of the present Q Street and Wisconsin Avenue. The lot was given
+in 1769 by Colonel Charles Beatty. Dr. Balch preached there on Thursday
+night and again on Sunday. He did not remain at that time, but, a year
+or so later, asked to come back, and at first used a little frame house
+on the north side of Bridge (M) Street, which was occupied on week days
+by a school. Just about this time he was made principal of the Columbian
+Academy, and the next year he married Elizabeth Beall, the daughter of
+George Beall. I wonder if he had, by any chance, met her on his first
+visit, and the memory of her bright eyes had followed him on his
+journeys down into the Carolines and lured him back.
+
+At the wedding of Dr. and Mrs. Balch in 1782, tea was served in cups not
+much larger than thimbles. The ladies of George Town would not drink tea
+at all during the Revolution, and it was still not plentiful.
+
+He was of a susceptible nature, for, after his wife's death in 1827, he
+was married the next year, when he was eighty-two, to another Elizabeth,
+one of the King family. She lived only eighteen days, and a little more
+than a year later, he again embarked on the sea of matrimony, this time
+with a widow, Mrs. Jane Parrott. By his first wife he had eleven
+children, the usual number in those days.
+
+In 1783, one year after his first marriage, he built his home on Duck
+Lane (33rd Street), which he called "Mamre," from the Old Testament.
+After Abraham and Lot had separated, Abraham giving Lot the first choice
+of location, "the Lord told Abraham to look over the whole land which He
+would give to him and his seed forever, and Abraham moved his tent and
+dwelt by the oaks of Mamre, and built there an altar unto the Lord."
+
+In 1799, when a street was graded through, it completely ruined his
+property and he was obliged to take refuge with neighbors. One of his
+neighbors was James Calder, who was a trustee of his church, and Mr.
+Crookshanks lived near by. Dr. Balch had an island on the river called
+"Patmos." This time he went to the New Testament and named it for Saint
+John's abode, where he wrote the Book of Revelations. This island
+supplied wood for his fires. He had, also, a little way out of town, a
+farm of ten acres.
+
+One Fourth of July, his son, Thomas, aged eight, as he tells us in his
+_Reminiscences_, wanted to deliver an oration which he had prepared--in
+Scotch Row, near by his home. All of his comrades had gone to see
+Captain Doughty's Company on parade with the fife-and-drum corps. But
+the little boy was not to be deterred. He went up on Bridge (M) Street,
+hunting an audience and a distinguished one he brought back with him. If
+small in number, it made up in quality, for he had General John Mason
+and Monsieur Pichon, a "bland and elegant" Frenchman sent by Napoleon to
+receive the $15,000,000 for the purchase of the Louisiana Territory. Mr.
+Pichon was a Huguenot from the city of Lyons and lived, while here, near
+the Bank of Columbia. This son followed in his father's footsteps as a
+minister and did not have to go out always for his audience.
+
+A short while after the death of General Washington, Dr. Balch gave
+notice that he was going to speak on the life and services of the great
+statesman. He preached in the open air to more than a thousand people.
+
+The last years of Dr. Balch's life were spent at number 3302 Gay (N)
+Street, where a bad fire destroyed many valuable papers and the records
+of his church. He wrote to a friend: "Only the Parrott (his wife)
+remains!" Apparently, he never lost his sense of humor. Perhaps it was
+that which helped to make him so universally beloved.
+
+Dr. Balch died on the 7th of September, 1833. Every house in town was
+hung in black, all the stores and banks were closed and the bells tolled
+as his body was carried to the church.
+
+One block westward of Dr. Balch's original house lived another man, very
+influential in the religious life of the town in addition to his large
+business activities. Henry Foxall, a native of Monmouthshire, England,
+was born in 1760. He went to Dublin, where he was put in charge of
+extensive iron works and where he became a Methodist. On coming to this
+country, he first settled in Philadelphia, where, in 1794, he was a
+partner in the Eagle Iron Works of Robert Morris, the great financier
+and signer of the Declaration of Independence.
+
+When Thomas Jefferson became President, he thought it advisable to have
+at the seat of government an ordnance plant, so Morris recommended
+Foxall, who came here in 1799 for that purpose. He built his foundry on
+the western outskirts of George Town, just behind Georgetown College.
+He built also a large brick house, two stories, with dormer windows on
+Frederick (34th) Street, between Water (K) and Bridge (M) Streets. It
+was quite a pretentious house for that time, with its high ceilings,
+elaborately decorated cornices of minute workmanship, and mantels of
+carved wood. It had ample grounds, and in front stood two tall and
+graceful Lombardy poplars. He had also a summer home, a little farther
+out and higher up, called "Spring Hill," from whence he had a fine view
+of the Potomac and the Virginia hills.
+
+A warm friendship sprang up between him and Thomas Jefferson, as they
+had many tastes in common. Both were performers on the violin and used
+to accompany each other, and both were fond of tinkering. Jefferson, you
+remember, was of a very inventive turn of mind. During this time he
+thought of an air-tight stove and got Mr. Foxall to make some according
+to his ideas, but they did not work out to please him.
+
+Thomas Jefferson lived for a while in George Town on the little street
+bearing his name, between Washington (30th) and Congress (31st) Streets,
+running south below Bridge (M) Street, in a house demolished a few years
+ago. It stood immediately south of the Canal on the east side, and was
+in appearance much like the home of Francis Scott Key. It must have been
+during the time he was Secretary of State in John Adams's administration
+that he occupied this house.
+
+Mr. Jefferson was never happy living in a town. I found this interesting
+little tidbit about him in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_: "For eight
+years he tabulated with painful accuracy the earliest and latest
+appearance of 37 vegetables in the Washington market, and after his
+return from France for 23 years he received from his old friend, the
+superintendent of the JARDIN DES PLANTES, a box of seeds which he
+distributed to public and private gardens throughout the United States."
+So I think we might easily call him the founder of the Garden Clubs of
+America, certainly of the Georgetown Garden Club.
+
+Mr. Foxall was a convert to Wesleyanism, and a lay minister. He was in
+the habit of entertaining the members of the Methodist Conference at
+this home, and was once good-humoredly twitted by one of them in regard
+to his inconsistent roles of "proclaimer of the gospel of peace and
+forger of weapons of war." To this he replied: "If I do make guns to
+destroy men's bodies, I build churches to save their souls."
+
+At this foundry (then the only one south of Philadelphia), cannon were
+cast for the American troops during the War of 1812. The artillery and
+indeed all the military arms of this country were then very imperfect.
+Foxall was the only founder in America who understood the proper mode of
+manufacture. Here began the first manufacture of bored cannon in this
+country, being vastly superior to the old ordnance. The abandonment and
+recasting of the old-style guns speedily followed.
+
+Commodore Perry would have no others on the little fleet he built at
+Put-in-Bay on Lake Erie. The battle of Lake Erie was deferred until
+Foxall could fill an order from the government for guns, and transport
+them over the mountains on carts drawn by ten or twelve yoke of oxen to
+the scene of the engagement. From the deck of his flagship _The
+Lawrence_, manned by these guns from George Town, Perry sent his famous
+message, "We have met the enemy and they are ours!"
+
+[Illustration: HENRY FOXALL]
+
+In 1814, when the British entered Washington and burned the Capitol and
+the White House, this foundry, upon which the country depended so
+largely for its supplies, was in imminent danger, and its owner vowed
+that, if God would spare it, he would build a church to His glory. The
+enemy had their face set in its direction when a sudden and violent
+storm turned them from their course. An old letter, written by George
+Bleig, afterwards Chaplain-General of the British Army, says: "On the
+25th a hurricane fell on the city which unroofed houses and upset our
+three-pound guns. It upset me also. It fairly lifted me out of the
+saddle, and the horse which I had been riding, I never saw again."
+
+True to his vow, Henry Foxall built the Foundry Methodist Church at the
+northeast corner of 14th and G Streets. It was sold some years later and
+the Colorado office building erected there. With the proceeds the very
+handsome grey stone church was built on 16th Street above Scott Circle.
+The trustees of the Foundry Church were Isaac Owens, Leonard Mackall,
+John Eliason, William Doughty, Joel Brown, John Lutz, and Samuel
+McKenney.
+
+Methodism at that time was in a struggling condition. The first visit by
+a Methodist preacher had been one by the tireless Francis Asbury. He was
+an old friend of Foxall, had visited him often in Philadelphia, and
+preached in George Town December 9, 1772. But it was twenty years before
+regular services were held, and then only by a preacher who came up from
+Alexandria. It was not until after the arrival of Henry Foxall that any
+Methodist preacher was stationed in the District. William Watters was so
+appointed in 1802.
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF HENRY FOXALL]
+
+Mr. Foxall was instrumental in the erection of no less than four
+churches, the old church at George Town on Rock Creek, one at the Navy
+Yard known as Ebenezer, a colored chapel, and later, the Foundry Church.
+In 1814 was organized the first Bible society in the District of
+Columbia. Among its founders were Henry Foxall and Francis Scott Key,
+near neighbors.
+
+Mr. Foxall was three times married, his first wife was Ann Harward, whom
+he married in England in 1780; his second was Margaret Smith, married in
+Philadelphia in 1799; his third, Catherine, whom he married in 1816 in
+England, while on a visit home. He had only two children and they were
+by his first marriage--a son who died when twenty-five years old and
+daughter, Mary Ann, who became the wife of Samuel McKenney, and for whom
+he built a lovely home.
+
+In the summer of 1823 he went to England for a visit, and there in
+December of that same year he died, quite suddenly, in great peace. "He
+served well his country, his generation, and his God."
+
+Mr. Foxall was said by one of his old employees to have been honest and
+just in his dealings, and although he did a large business, employing
+many people, he owed no man a dollar. He was prompt in paying off his
+workmen, usually making coin payments. He was a conscientious, earnest
+Christian, a real enthusiast in his religion. During his term of office
+as mayor in 1819 and 1820, the ordinances for the town which provided
+against profaning the Sabbath, were strictly enforced.
+
+The old Sunday Laws (so-called Blue Laws), which George Town inherited
+from Maryland, were decidedly severe, and it took a man of Mr. Foxall's
+force of character to enforce them. A few of the offenses against which
+he waged relentless war may be mentioned. Five dollars was the penalty
+for gaming, hunting, and fishing on the Sabbath. No trading was allowed
+on the Lord's Day, except the selling of "fresh fish, milk, and other
+perishable goods." Cock-fighting and drinking, when indulged in by free
+men, were punished by a fine of $5.00, but when a slave was the
+offender, he received thirty-nine stripes on the bare back in a public
+place.
+
+The old gentleman was fond of buying slaves whom he would set free after
+teaching them a trade. Long years after, one of his old slaves boasted
+of having driven the Marquis de Lafayette to visit his old mistress,
+Mrs. Catherine Foxall, on his visit in 1824.
+
+When the Potomac Canal was taken over and reorganized as the Chesapeake
+and Ohio Canal, a great celebration was made of the event.
+
+On Friday, July 4, 1828, President John Quincy Adams, accompanied by
+heads of Federal Government Departments, members of the Diplomatic
+Corps, the president and directors of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
+Company and authorities of the three cities of the then District of
+Columbia: Washington, Alexandria, and Georgetown, assembled early at the
+Union Hotel. The procession formed and, to the music of the United
+States Marine Band, marched to the High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) wharf,
+where, on board the steamboat _Surprise_ and other boats, they moved up
+the Potomac, until they reached the termination of the old Potomac
+Canal, landed, and marched a few hundred yards to canal boats prepared
+to receive them. They glided along until they reached the point of
+destination where the old powder magazine stood. On landing, they formed
+a large circle. The president of the C. & O. Company addressed President
+Adams in a brief speech and handed him a spade. After making the speech,
+he attempted to run the spade into the ground, but struck a root. He
+tried it again, when a wag in the crowd cried out he had come across a
+"hickory root," (allusion to Andrew Jackson, "Old Hickory," and their
+political campaign).
+
+He then threw down the spade, ripped off his coat, and went to work in
+earnest. People on the hills around raised loud cheers until their Chief
+Executive overcame the difficulty.
+
+On July 4, 1831, water was let in the canal from the first feeder to the
+Columbia Foundry. The loan of $1,500,000 was obtained in Holland through
+Richard Rush on the credit of the citizens of Washington, Alexandria,
+and Georgetown.
+
+It is said that, with the probable exception of General Washington, he
+took more interest in the affairs of the District of Columbia than any
+other president. He was largely identified with its material prosperity;
+he owned and operated a flouring mill on Rock Creek, but the project he
+was most zealously interested in was the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Of
+course, Mr. Adams had been here some during his father's presidency,
+though he was a man in his thirties then and was much abroad on
+diplomatic missions. He was also Secretary of State in Monroe's
+administration, and after his own term of office as President, served as
+a representative in Congress until his death.
+
+A flouring mill which stood at the point where the canal of the old
+Potomac Company entered the river, was owned by the Edes family. The
+fish caught there were much larger than those caught elsewhere.
+
+On the bank of the canal opposite the mill, lived Bull Frizzle, noted
+for his enormous strength. One time, after there was an accident at the
+Little Falls (Chain) Bridge, he crawled under a large beam and prized it
+up by the strength of his back, saving the life of the man pinned
+underneath.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter VII
+
+_Along Bridge (M) Street_
+
+
+The bridge over Rock Creek at Bridge (M) Street, was built in 1788, and
+one night when a storm of wind and rain was raging, gave way while a
+stage-coach was passing over it. The coach was precipitated into the
+water but only the driver and the horses were drowned. Ever afterwards
+it was said that on stormy nights the ghost of the driver haunted the
+spot.
+
+Peter Casanave had a stone house near the bridge and close by was the
+house of the French's. Mrs. French had been Arianna Scott, sister of
+Mrs. Robert Peter. The house, which is still remembered by many old
+residents, was a fine, large brick mansion of the prevailing type at
+that time.
+
+It was surrounded by trees--some of them being cherries--and a garden.
+One large room was hung with very unusual paper representing scenes of
+Indian life. It is still remembered by a gentleman who lived there when
+he was quite young, who says he remembers passing when the house was
+being demolished and again admired the very handsome and remarkable
+paper. At that time the place was entered by a gate from the
+Pennsylvania Avenue side, and then there was a flight of steps to reach
+M Street on the other side.
+
+Mrs. French evidently owned several houses nearby, for she advertised:
+
+    For sale or rent:
+
+    The house opposite the Bank of Columbia lately occupied by Mrs.
+    Suter, and the house lately occupied by John M. Gantt, Esqur.,
+    adjoining Dr. Weem's house are for sale or rent. The house opposite
+    the bank is very eligibly situated for a commercial character having
+    an excellent storeroom and counting room with every convenient
+    compartment for a private family. The house adjoining Dr. Weems' can
+    accomodate very comfortably a small family and from its situation
+    will soon be very valuable. The terms of sale or rent may be known
+    on application to Dr. Weems.
+
+    9th January 1799 A. FRENCH.
+
+Also, Mrs. Pick had a millinery store just about here.
+
+On the corner of Bridge (M) and Greene (29th) Streets, was where David
+Reintzel lived, who was mayor several times.
+
+A block or two further west, on the north side of the street, stood the
+very modest home of Jacob Schoofield, the Quaker with whom William Wirt
+was put to board when he was sent in 1779 to George Town to attend
+school. He speaks of how Mrs. Schoofield comforted him the first night
+he was there, a home-sick little boy, by telling him the story, from the
+Bible, of Joseph being sold by his brother and carried off into Egypt.
+He said "I remember, also, to have seen a gentleman, Mr. Peter, I think,
+going out gunning for canvas-backs, then called white-backs, which I
+have seen whitening the Potomac and which, when they arose, as they
+sometimes did for half a mile together, produced a sound like thunder."
+
+Just a few doors from this house was the famous Union Tavern, of which I
+have already said so much. The building was standing until a few years
+ago when it was replaced by a filling station. When it became
+Crawford's Hotel after John Suter, Jr., gave it up, again William Wirt
+comes into the picture:
+
+    Here I am at Crawford's. I am surrounded by a vast crowd of
+    legislators and gentlemen assembled for the races, which are to
+    commence tomorrow. The races amidst the ruins and desolation of
+    Washington.
+
+These gentlemen used to ride to and from the capitol in a large
+stage-coach with seats on top called the "Royal George."
+
+Among the other notable guests of the old hostelry were Louis Philippe,
+Jerome Bonaparte, Talleyrand, ex-Bishop of Autun when he was driven from
+France, John Adams, when as President in the early summer of 1800, he
+came down to look over his new field; Anthony Merry, Minister from
+England to the United States; Washington Irving, Count Volney, Humbolt,
+the geographer; Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat; Lorenzo
+Dow, the eccentric preacher; several young naval officers from the
+Tripolitan War; and John Randolph of Roanoke. I wonder if it was from
+this old tavern that that brilliant but erratic statesman went out
+across the Chain Bridge to fight his duel with Henry Clay? It is
+recorded by a marker, just at the end of the bridge on the Virginia
+side, and reads thus: "Near here Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke
+fought a duel April 8, 1826. Randolph had called Clay a 'Blackleg' in a
+speech. Both men were unhurt, but Randolph's coat was pierced by a
+bullet."
+
+John Randolph spent the night before the duel in quoting poetry and
+playing whist while his will was being amended.
+
+John Randolph must have liked George Town, for years afterwards when he
+lay very ill in his boarding place on Capitol Hill, he insisted on his
+body servant, Juba, getting him some water from George Town, no other
+would do. He called it "The water of Chios."
+
+Joseph Crawford, the proprietor of this hotel, was the principal manager
+in the unloading of the records and furniture belonging to the
+government when the ships bringing it from Philadelphia docked at Lear's
+Wharf. Abraham Bradley, who, as Assistant Postmaster General, had charge
+of the removal of that department, and Joseph Nourse, who was Registrar
+of the Treasury, may also have stopped at Crawford's until settled in
+their homes.
+
+Just opposite on the southeast corner of Bridge (M) and Washington
+(30th) Streets stood, until 1878, the Presbyterian Church, whose
+founder, Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch, was its pastor for fifty-two years.
+When it was first built in 1782, it was only about thirty feet square.
+In 1793 it was enlarged by extending the north front. In 1801-'02, it
+was further enlarged by extending it on the west side. For this purpose
+Thomas Jefferson helped by subscribing $75.00. In 1806 the trustees of
+the congregation were incorporated by Congress. They were: Stephen B.
+Balch, William Whann, James Melvin, John Maffitt, John Peter, Joshua
+Dawson, James Calder, George Thompson, Richard Elliott, David Wiley, and
+Andrew Ross. The first and only elder for some time was James Orme, son
+of Reverend John Orme, of Upper Marlborough. In 1821 a new building was
+erected. When Dr. Balch died in 1833, he was buried there, but when the
+congregation moved in 1878 and the church was torn down, his remains
+were taken to Oak Hill, where, with the original gravestone, they lie
+not far from the chapel and just north of the grave of John Howard
+Payne.
+
+[Illustration: OLD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH]
+
+On the northwest corner of Bridge (M) and Washington (30th) Streets
+lived a Mr. Lee; probably Thomas Sim Lee, whose home was the gathering
+place for the Federalists. Just beyond here, still on the north side
+where the two lovely old carved doorways remain unchanged, are the
+houses once owned by Henry Addison, who served as mayor of the Town from
+1845 to 1857 and again from 1861 to 1867. He was a hardware merchant,
+and in 1827 it was for him that the first steam fire engine was named.
+
+Mr. Hill lived in one of these houses and next door on the east lived
+Mr. Vanderwerken. He owned the line of omnibuses that ran along Bridge
+(M) Street and over to the city before there were street cars. The
+omnibuses bore the names of prominent people.
+
+There was a pump in the back yard on the line between these two houses.
+On each side of the fence was a handle on the pump so that it could be
+worked by both families. The water flowed smoothly until something
+caused a fuss between the two men, and one day, when Mr. Hill, who was a
+very large man, protruded over the fence, Mr. Vanderwerken got out his
+shotgun and peppered his shoulder!
+
+Across the street at number 3012 lived John Abbott, who came from
+Philadelphia with the transfer of the government in 1800.
+
+At number 3016 lived John Mountz who was Clerk of the Corporation for
+sixty-seven years, from the time of its beginning in 1789 up to 1856.
+
+Across the street again is the quaint little Stone House which has
+caused so much discussion. For many years tradition had said it was
+there that Major L'Enfant had his headquarters while he was mapping the
+new capital city. Then, someone said it had never been proved. So now we
+are waiting for proof. From its looks it was most certainly standing in
+those early days. If only it could speak and tell its own history!
+
+We do know it was bought as lot 3 in June, 1762, by John Boone for one
+pound, ten shillings. Two years later, as he had not improved it, it was
+bought by Christopher Leyhman for the same amount, and presumably, a
+house was built about that time. Apparently, by inheritance, it came to
+Rachel Furvey (formerly Rachel Leyhman), and in June, 1767, by deed, it
+became the property of Cassandra Chew, who made it over to her two
+daughters, Harriot, who married Richard Bruce, and Mary, who first
+married Richard Smith, and later, Mr. Bromley. Mary's daughter, Barbara
+Smith, married John Suter, Jr., and they lived in this house. This is
+supposed to have something to do with the claim that has been made that
+this building on lot 3 was Suter's Tavern.
+
+Almost next door on the west Mr. Claggett had a house. Again, across the
+street, on the southeast corner, is the building which, until recent
+years, housed the Farmers and Mechanics Bank. It was founded in 1814.
+When the Mexican War came, this bank enabled the government to pay the
+war debt. It has now been absorbed by the Riggs National Bank and moved
+further up the street. Before the building of the bank, John Peter, a
+nephew of Robert Peter, had a house on that corner. His house was a
+simple frame one, and back of it he had rabbit warrens and pigeon
+houses. He used to go often in the evenings the short distance to his
+uncle Robert's house for a game of whist, of which the old gentleman was
+very fond.
+
+Just above Bridge (M) Street on Congress (31st) Street stands the
+Georgetown post office, an imposing granite building. It is also the
+custom house of the District of Columbia.
+
+Near the corner of Congress (31st) Street lived W. King, and at number
+3119 was the house Thomas Corcoran built. He had come from Limerick,
+Ireland, to Baltimore in 1783 and entered business with his uncle,
+William Wilson, there. Soon after his marriage to Hannah Lemon, of
+Baltimore County, he came to George Town, intending to go on to
+Richmond, but being so impressed with the thriving little town, he
+decided to settle here. He first rented a house on Congress (31st)
+Street below Bridge (M) from Robert Peter, and started a business in
+leather. In 1791 he built this three-story house and there lived for
+many years. He was mayor five different terms from 1805, and also
+magistrate and postmaster for fifteen years until his death in 1830. It
+was in this house that a meeting was held in 1817 to found Christ
+Church.
+
+The Union Bank was on the north side of this block.
+
+On the southwest corner of Bridge (M) and High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+is the site of Gordon's Inspection House, and just west of here in 1791
+were three large tobacco sheds covering three acres. Here was the
+"Warehouse Lot," used by circuses when they came to town.
+
+Close by was the big warehouse of John Laird. It was after his death in
+1833 that the trade in tobacco began to decline.
+
+[Illustration: GENERAL JAMES MACCUBBIN LINGAN]
+
+[Illustration: BENJAMIN STODDERT]
+
+[Illustration: URIAH FORREST]
+
+From 1792 to 1795, number 3221 was the home of Dr. William Thornton, the
+architect of the Capitol; the Octagon House, built by John Tayloe; of
+Tudor Place, and also of Woodlawn. He was later the first Superintendent
+of Patents from 1802 until 1807.
+
+The old market stands where there always has been a market. Its upper
+stories used to be where the meetings of the Corporation of George Town
+were held.
+
+At number 3300 was the home of Paymaster David Whann.
+
+Midway between Market (33rd) and Frederick (34th) Streets, on the north
+side of Bridge (M) Street, General James Maccubbin Lingan had a large
+piece of property. I wonder if this advertisement inserted in a
+newspaper on April 22, 1801, describes this very place:
+
+    The subscriber offers for sale the houses and lots where he now
+    resides. The improvements are a commodious dwelling house, office,
+    kitchen, wash house, meat house, carriage house, a stable for five
+    horses, likewise a large and well cultivated garden and clover lot.
+    He will also sell the upper wharf and warehouses, all of which have
+    been lately built and well situated for receiving produce that may
+    come down the river.
+
+    J. M. LINGAN.
+
+General Lingan was of noted Scotch ancestry, the second child of Dr.
+Lingan. He was born in 1751, in Frederick County, Maryland. On his
+mother's side he was related to the Maccubbins, and to the Carrolls of
+Maryland. He came to George Town as quite a young man and went directly
+into the tobacco warehouse of a relative. In 1776 he was commissioned a
+lieutenant in the army. After the victory of the Battle of Long Island,
+he was captured at Fort Washington on November 16, 1776, his breast
+being pierced by a bayonet at that time. He was sent as a prisoner
+aboard the _Jersey_--the "Hell," as she was called. The conditions on
+board were terrific, and many of the prisoners died. When the coffin was
+brought for the body of one of his friends, it was found to be too
+short--the guards started to decapitate the body to make it fit. Young
+Lingan stood over the body and said he would kill them with his bare
+hands. So they brought a larger coffin.
+
+While he was still a prisoner there, his cousin, Admiral Sir Samuel
+Hood, of His "Satanic" Majesty's Navy, as Lingan called it, visited him
+and offered him £2,000 (pounds) and high rank in the British Army if he
+would return to his former allegiance. Lingan's answer was, "I'll rot
+here first!" And he almost did! He was cooped up in a space so short
+that he could not lie full length, so low that he could not stand erect.
+It was many months after his release before his cramped and agonized
+muscles allowed him to sleep except in an armchair.
+
+The reasons for wishing to obtain his defection were, first, the pride,
+and perhaps, affection of his connections in England. Lord North,
+himself, was one of these, and his cousin, Zachariah Hood was _persona
+gratia_ at the Court of St. James. Also, the affiliations and
+connections of his family in Maryland made his defection greatly to be
+desired. One of his sisters had married Thomas Plater, the son of
+Governor George Plater of Sotterley, and he was also related to the
+prominent Carroll family.
+
+At the conclusion of the war, General Lingan returned to George Town and
+farmed two estates he owned, both named after battles in which he had
+participated--Harlem and Middlebrook. He also was appointed collector
+of the port by General Washington himself. He was one of the original
+members of the Order of the Cincinnati.
+
+In later years he moved over to the city, his house then being in the
+neighborhood of Nineteenth, M and N Streets. He had a wife and children,
+many friends, and all was going well with him until the election year of
+1812. General Lingan was a Federalist in politics. The party organ was
+_The Federal Republican_, published in Baltimore and edited by Alexander
+Contee Hanson, whose wife was a near relative of Nicholas Lingan, the
+brother of James.
+
+War with England was declared on Friday, the 19th of June, 1812, and
+next day an editorial appeared in _The Federal Republican_, which was
+like a match set to a powder train. On Sunday, public meetings were held
+advocating the suppression of the paper, and on Monday, three or four
+hundred men and boys assembled at the office of the paper at Gay and
+Second Streets, in Baltimore, and destroyed the furniture and the house.
+
+The staff then removed to Georgetown where, although it was threatened
+from both Baltimore and Washington, it continued to publish the paper
+until July 26th, when Mr. Hanson went back to Baltimore to a small house
+on South Charles Street, accompanied by General Lingan, John Howard
+Payne, General Henry ("Light Horse Harry") Lee, and others. On the
+following day the paper was issued from that office, though it had been
+printed in Georgetown. It contained an attack on the State authorities
+for the outrage of June 22nd. This time the mob that gathered brought
+arms and ammunition. The twenty-seven gentlemen assembled in the office
+were also armed, "to defend the rights of person, and property, and the
+liberty of the press." At first only stones were used by the assailants,
+answered by volleys of blank cartridges. After scenes almost fantastic
+in fury, the gentlemen were finally overcome and marched to gaol for
+safety. But after dark another mob gathered round the gaol, and
+overcoming the guard, broke in. Mr. Gwynn pushed his way through a group
+of fifty men to General Lingan who was being knocked down by clubs, then
+jerked up to be knocked down again, while the outside ring of men
+bellowed, "Tory! Tory!" The only word General Lingan spoke to the mob
+was, when tearing open his shirt, he displayed the mark of the Hessian
+bayonet, still purple, and exclaimed, "Does this look as if I was a
+traitor?" Just then a stone struck the scar and he fell. As the last
+breath left his body, he murmured to a friend near by, "I am a dying
+man--save yourself."
+
+On this side of Bridge (M) Street, adjoining what was then Bank Street
+stood the Bank of Columbia, when it moved from a few blocks east. From
+old pictures, it looks much more like a stately home than a bank, and
+part of it was used as his home by William Whann, the cashier. Set far
+back on the hill, with columns on its façade and a Greek pediment, it
+was very handsome. Its first president was Samuel Blodgett; its second,
+General John Mason of Analostan Island. Across the street he had his
+town house.
+
+To this bank one day late in 1814, while he was Secretary of State, came
+James Monroe, on horseback, and asking for William Whann, told him that
+the government was entirely out of funds, and wanted a loan with which
+to dispatch General Andrew Jackson to New Orleans. Mr. Monroe pledged
+his own private fortune that the debt would be paid, and the money was
+turned over to him. The government at that time was not strong enough
+to levy heavier taxes for the conduct of the war with England, which was
+very unpopular in the New England States.
+
+The Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815--two weeks after
+peace had come--for a Treaty of Peace had been signed on Christmas Eve,
+and the great loss of life on the English side might have been avoided.
+
+Just beyond here on the corner, Mr. Thompson had a residence, and still
+a little further lived Mr. Warren. Just opposite, at number 3350, is one
+of the oldest houses in Georgetown and one of the most notable, for here
+Colonel Uriah Forrest was living in 1791 when on March 29th he gave that
+memorable dinner, referred to by General Washington, when the
+arrangements were made for the purchase of land on which to build the
+new City of Washington.
+
+What a scene that must have been! One can imagine the turtle soup, the
+fish and terrapin caught fresh from the river, wild ducks and ham with
+shoulders of mutton and all the vegetables and hot breads and other
+delectable foods for which Maryland is famous--for Uriah Forrest,
+himself a Marylander, had a Maryland wife, Rebecca Plater, the daughter
+of Governor Plater, whose home was Sotterley, in Saint Mary's County.
+
+In 1792 Colonel Forrest was mayor of George Town. Not long after this,
+Colonel Forrest purchased a large tract of land lying north of the town
+and there he built a country home which he called Rosedale, and to which
+he eventually retired for his permanent home. His descendants, the
+Greens, lived on at Rosedale until not so very many years ago. One of
+them, Mr. George Green, sold to President Cleveland, in his first
+administration, a stone cottage on the Rosedale estate which the
+President remodeled and made his summer home. It was called Red Top,
+from its turreted red roof, but its real name was Oak View. From it, the
+suburb, Cleveland Park, derives its name.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM MARBURY]
+
+Mr. Cleveland, in his second administration, used Woodley for his summer
+home. It had been a part of the Rosedale tract, and the house was built
+by Philip Barton Key, a brother-in-law of Colonel Forrest, for he also
+had married a Miss Plater.
+
+Mr. Key moved out of town and resided at Woodley, where he dispensed
+lavish hospitality until his death in 1817. Thomas Plater also had moved
+out from George Town and lived near by. He was the executor for Philip
+Barton Key. After Mr. Key's death, his widow went back into town and
+took up her residence on the corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st)
+Streets.
+
+After Colonel Forrest left the house on Bridge (M) Street, it was bought
+by William Marbury, who had come to Georgetown from Annapolis. He was a
+justice of the peace, a very responsible and honorable office in those
+days. It was in connection with his reappointment to the office that the
+controversy arose which resulted in the famous law case of MARBURY
+_versus_ MADISON, as James Madison, in his capacity as Secretary of
+State to Thomas Jefferson, was the Madison involved. The prominence of
+the case was because it was the first of those great opinions handed
+down by Chief Justice John Marshall in which he decided that the Supreme
+Court has the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
+
+[Illustration: PHILIP BARTON KEY]
+
+[Illustration: MRS. PHILIP BARTON KEY (ELIZABETH PLATER)]
+
+In 1814 Mr. Marbury became the first president of the Farmers and
+Mechanics Bank when it was organized; its cashier being Clement Smith,
+who, after the presidency of Thomas B. Beall, from 1817-1821, became the
+third president, and the only one in the history of that institution to
+be promoted to that office. Not many years ago, Mr. Marbury's picture,
+in his old-fashioned costume, was printed on the bank checks to impress
+the public with the antiquity of the institution.
+
+He was a very imposing looking gentleman, as was his son, John Marbury,
+who was eight years old when the family moved to Georgetown. Some years
+ago, one of his great-grandsons heard the family talking about
+"Grandfather's Bourbon nose." A little later he was found standing,
+gazing intently at the portrait of the old gentleman, and when asked,
+"Why such sudden interest?" he replied, "Where is the 'burb' on his
+nose?"
+
+John Marbury married and lived for some years on Gay (N) Street, near
+Market (33rd) Street. After his father's death, he moved to the old
+house on Bridge (M) Street in order to keep his mother company. He had a
+very large family, seven sons and six daughters. All of the daughters
+attended Miss English's Seminary, walking to and from school all winter
+wearing low-necked and short-sleeved dresses, covered only by a little
+cape. Not a case of poverty, I assure you, but of fashion! I was told
+this not long ago by a descendant, and of how they used to have to melt
+their gum shoes to get them on in cold weather. I think the names of a
+trio of their friends very amusing--Jerry Berry, Hetty Getty, and Jimmy
+Finney.
+
+The house had a large garden in the rear and spacious rooms where they
+entertained a great deal. Not long ago, I saw a fascinating drawing of
+a party in Georgetown in the fifties. It represented four musicians
+intent upon playing a bass viol, a cello, a violin, and a flute; a few
+of the company standing near by with curls and puffed coiffures, and
+among them a tiny man, side-whiskered, so short that he barely reached
+the shoulders of the ladies. He must, of course, have been Prince
+Iturbide. There was never anyone quite like him. He was a Mexican, here
+in the diplomatic service, and had married Miss Alice Green, a
+granddaughter of Uriah Forrest.
+
+At a party one evening at the Marbury's, a dispute arose between him and
+Baron Bodisco, the Russian Minister, who was also a resident of
+Georgetown. It ended in the prince calling the baron a liar, whereby the
+baron immediately knocked Prince Iturbide down. The little prince sprang
+onto a sofa and bounced up and down, shouting over and over again, "He
+knocked an Iturbide down; he knocked an Iturbide down!" as if he
+expected Mr. Marbury to straightway haul the baron off to be beheaded,
+at least. It was the last party given at the old house for many a day,
+as Mr. Marbury considered that they had been disgraced by their guests.
+
+Years after, when Madame Iturbide was left a widow in Mexico, the
+Emperor Maximilian wished to adopt her son, to which she gave her
+consent, but finding later that it meant complete separation from him,
+she kidnapped him and escaped to America.
+
+For two whole days after the Battle of Bull Run, the "Damn Yankees," as
+the Marburys called them, poured over the nearby bridge from Virginia at
+a dog-trot and dropped from exhaustion on the steps of this house and
+the pavement. Mr. Marbury ordered all of the shutters to be kept tightly
+closed during that dreadful time.
+
+A little granddaughter of his, living there, went one day with a friend
+of hers to place flowers on the grave of a child of Jefferson Davis in
+Oak Hill Cemetery. They were arrested, and when it was discovered who
+she was, soldiers were sent to search the house. Mrs. Marbury had some
+letters from her nephews in the Confederate Army, and she hurriedly
+sewed them up in a chair, for she said the boys might be killed and she
+hated to destroy their letters. Many, many years after, on a summer day
+in the garret of an old house, not far from Leesburg, Virginia, three of
+Mrs. Marbury's great-grandchildren ripped them out of their long hiding
+place.
+
+Just a few doors west of this interesting old house stood another,
+somewhat smaller, which, until a few years ago, was in its original
+state of preservation. Now it has gone! It was the home of the author of
+our National Anthem. Here Francis Scott Key lived for twenty years. Here
+his eleven children were born, while he served three terms as District
+Attorney and engaged in the private practice of law.
+
+Everyone knows the story of how, hearing of the arrest of a friend, Dr.
+William Beanes, by the British, in the War of 1812, Mr. Key made the
+trip to Baltimore to see what he could do to help the old gentleman, who
+had done some very rash talking down in Prince Georges County. Mr. Key
+was a connection of Mrs. Beanes', who was a member of the Plater family.
+
+Mr. Key went on board the British man-of-war, under the command of
+Admiral Cockburn, called _The Red Devil of the Chesapeake_, lying
+opposite Fort McHenry, but was told by the captain that he would have to
+spend the night on board as a bombardment was about to take place.
+Imagine his sensations all through the night--no wonder that he burst
+forth into such a poem of love for his flag when he came on deck in the
+early morning and saw it "still there!"
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF FRANCIS SCOTT KEY]
+
+Poetry was only a side issue with Mr. Key. I have often thought how
+interesting it is that a man may work all the days of his life at his
+profession or vocation, and some avocation, like verse-making, may carry
+his name down to posterity; like Izaak Walton, who had an insurance
+business in London, but is remembered now only as a fisherman.
+
+Don't you imagine Mr. Key would have been amazed if he could have had a
+vision of the years to come, when on parade grounds all over this great
+land at sunset, every day, troops stand immovable at attention while the
+emblem of their country is being lowered for the night, and the strains
+of the music of his poem thrill all who hear it? "The Star-Spangled
+Banner" was first read by Mr. Key at a meeting of the George Town Glee
+Club.
+
+[Illustration: FRANCIS SCOTT KEY]
+
+Francis Scott Key was a nephew of Philip Barton Key, and a vestryman,
+like his uncle, of Saint John's Church. He was a fine, humanitarian
+gentleman. In a recent book, called _Father Takes Us to Washington_, he
+is accused of having treated his dozen slaves in a terrible manner. His
+great-grandson has just come out with a refutation of such treatment and
+said that Mr. Key freed all of his slaves before his death in 1843 and
+that he was one of the founders of the American Colonization Society,
+which had for its purpose the freedom of the Negroes and their
+colonization on the West Coast of Africa. Of course, it was in James
+Monroe's administration that Liberia was founded and its capital named
+Monrovia.
+
+In later life, Francis Scott Key moved to Frederick, Maryland, where he
+lies buried. The beautiful new bridge, only a stone's throw from his
+home, bears his name. It replaces the aqueduct bridge which was built
+about 1880, and before that, there was a bridge which carried the canal
+across the river to continue on its way to Alexandria. I cannot remember
+it, but I have been told that, looking across from the Virginia side, it
+was a very picturesque sight with its long arches reaching above the
+bridge, carrying its dripping load beneath, and standing against the
+western sky, the towers of Georgetown College.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter VIII
+
+_High Street, Prospect Avenue, the College, the Convent, and the
+Threlkelds_
+
+
+Up the hill from Bridge (M) Street on the east side of High Street
+(Wisconsin Avenue), a door or two above where the Farmers and Mechanics
+Branch of Riggs Bank now stands, was a fine old house where the Potomac
+Fire Insurance Company had its first home. But long before that, it was
+the home of Mrs. Caperton, whose son, Hugh Caperton, became a well-known
+lawyer here.
+
+At the present 1239 Wisconsin Avenue, where Becker's Paint Store has
+been for a good many years, was the house which Robert Peter gave to his
+eldest daughter, Elizabeth, when, at the age of sixteen, she married her
+cousin, James Dunlop, in 1787. This old letter gives some news about the
+wedding.
+
+It is addressed to: John Davidson, Esq., Merchant, Annapolis:
+
+    George Town August 17th, 1787
+
+    Dear Sir:
+
+    Without any ceremony or preamble I have undertaken to enclose you
+    the measure for a pair of Stays, not that I suppose that you are to
+    make them, but that you may undertake to engage Mrs. Davidson's
+    interest to undertake the direction of them.
+
+    They are for a daughter of mine who is tollerably nice, and she will
+    not consent to trust the business entirely to the Staymaker, nor,
+    it seems, to any other Lady in Annapolis but Mrs. Davidson, so that
+    you see what a deal of trouble I have brought her into, by having
+    often observed in my daughter's hearing how that Mrs. Davidson
+    seemed to me to be in all things about her Family, in short the Girl
+    has taken it into her head that she is old enough to become a wife,
+    and does not only beg of Mrs. Davidson to direct as to her Stays,
+    but wishes she would take the trouble of procuring some Paterns of
+    silks fit and suitable for what they call a Wedding Gown, with the
+    prices paid or annexed to the Patterns, and when the choice is made
+    I suppose the next favor will be of Mrs. Davidson to direct as to
+    the making of it. Mrs. Davidson must take the cause of all this
+    trouble to herself, for if she did not merit the charge she would
+    not have had the trouble. I am just now interrupted by receiving a
+    further commission, to wit for a crepe cushion made by the best and
+    most fashionable Barber in Annapolis, and a lock of the color wanted
+    is enclosed. I want everything good and fashionable, but you know we
+    old Fellows like everything as cheap as they can be got to have them
+    good. I leave everything to yours and Mrs. Davidson's good
+    management, but, at the same time, it would appear as if there was
+    some expedition. The samples and prices of the silk I will be
+    obliged by your sending by post, the Stays and Cushion perhaps you
+    may be able to forward by Miss Patty Lingan who will be coming down
+    in nine or ten days, as I am informed. I am just now tortured with
+    black guard consignment business and therefore I conclude by
+    remaining Your Very Humble Servant,
+
+    ROBERT PETER.
+
+They were married in October and had eight children, all but one of whom
+lived to maturity.
+
+In 1792, five years after their marriage, James Dunlop bought an estate
+of 700 acres known as "Hayes," seven miles out in Montgomery County;
+this later became their permanent residence. It had been built in 1762
+by the Reverend Alexander Williamson, rector of Rock Creek Church (now
+St. Paul's), until he resigned in 1776, being a Tory. In history, he is
+called the "Sporting Parson" because of his love for fox-hunting and
+cock-fighting.
+
+The back lawn of this house was the bowling green and the old balls are
+still in the attic there. Also, there is still there an old rose bush
+bearing small white roses, which was planted by Elizabeth Peter Dunlop.
+This was my summer home when I was a girl and is now in possession of my
+eldest brother.
+
+Just above number 1239 is the crook in High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+and, until a few years ago, I never knew why it was that way: actually,
+it follows the line of the grant of the Rock of Dumbarton, which was
+surveyed that way. The reason the streets on the west side of High
+Street (Wisconsin Avenue) don't match those on the east side is because
+they were laid out by different owners.
+
+Just about here is the Aged Woman's Home, standing high above the
+street. It was founded in 1868 with a gift of $15,000 from Mr. W. W.
+Corcoran. It houses fourteen women. In all these years there have been
+only three Presidents of the Board: Mrs. Beverley Kennon, Miss Emily
+Nourse, and the present one, Mrs. Louis Freeman. The back part of the
+house is what is left of the home of John Lutz, who had a good deal of
+land around his house when he built it nearly two hundred years ago.
+
+In days gone by, the Aged Woman's Home was partly supported by
+contributions collected by women who were members of the Benevolent
+Society, who went from door to door with a book in which amounts to be
+given were subscribed.
+
+On the southeast corner of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and Gay (N)
+Street, just above here has been conducted, since 1861, the grocery
+business of H. W. Fisher and Son, first was the grandfather, known as
+Henry, whom I remember, with a long grey beard; then his son of the same
+name, known as Wellen, and now his son, Henry. I am told by an old
+resident that the first telephone in Georgetown was in the Fisher's
+store, as it is known, and that when people wanted to phone, they went
+there and used it.
+
+I was fed from Fisher's all my young life, and I imagine my father was
+one of their best customers, as he had eleven children and multitudes of
+relatives in Maryland and Virginia, who came to stay whenever they
+wished to visit Washington City. So you can rather imagine the
+consternation of the elder Mr. Fisher when, one hot afternoon, as he was
+clearing out his crate of tomatoes just before closing time and, as was
+the custom in those long ago days, picked up a large, over-ripe one and
+threw it out, as he supposed into the gutter, that, instead, it landed
+on the stiff "boiled shirt" bosom of Mr. George T. Dunlop! I never knew
+of this occurrence until I was told of it many years after by Mr. Wellen
+Fisher, who said his father always said it never made any difference to
+Mr. Dunlop.
+
+On the other side of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), coming up from
+Bridge (M) Street, on the corner was the hardware store of Edward M.
+Linthicum; later Henry Addison had a dry goods store there.
+
+A little farther up, in the nineties, was Joe Schladt's, the saloon of
+the Town. We all knew about it, but, of course, no lady ever entered it.
+There were, however, three or four very well-known gentlemen who entered
+it very frequently, and had a good deal of difficulty reaching their
+homes every evening.
+
+Then we come to 1254 Wisconsin Avenue, Stohlman's, which, ever since
+1820, has dispensed a very different form of refreshment--ice cream.
+First it was Arnold's Bakery, then, in 1845, the business was sold to
+Mr. and Mrs. May; then, in 1865, to Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Stohlman, she
+being the niece of Mrs. May; then to J. William Stohlman, father of the
+present owner by the same name, and they are still serving the "élite of
+Georgetown" not only with ice cream, but other dainties. Back in my
+girlhood it was "quite the thing" to go down to Stohlman's and have a
+saucer of ice cream in the back parlor at one of the little
+marble-topped tables.
+
+Right next door is Forrest Hall. Here, at one corner of the property,
+was one of the original stones marking the northern border of Georgetown
+when it was surveyed, No. 46. On this lot stood the Union Bank and then,
+in 1855, Bladen Forrest, (not a descendant of Colonel Uriah Forrest),
+built this large and very good-looking building.
+
+The enlisted men of the battalion of the Second U. S. Infantry were
+quartered in Forrest Hall for a time at the beginning of the Civil War.
+Later it was used as a hospital for Union soldiers. After that, the
+Georgetown Assemblies were held there for several years, and various
+other affairs. I remember a fete called a "Chocolatère" when I was a
+little girl, and going to it with my mother, and seeing three pretty
+girls dressed in Japanese costume singing "Three Little Girls from
+School Are We." I think that was not so very long after the _Mikado_
+made its debut.
+
+On the northwest corner of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and Prospect
+Street, the building which has an interesting cornice and roof is where
+W. W. Corcoran started his career, in the dry goods business.
+
+Just beyond was a market; I think it was called a "Farmers' and
+Butchers' Market," an offshoot of the old Market on Bridge (M) Street. I
+remember going there when I was a little girl with my mother, and her
+buying vegetables from a Dutch woman, Mrs. Hight. I have always
+remembered her rosy, smiling face, and her stall of gay, vari-colored
+vegetables. She had a farm out on the Rockville Pike, and I think of it
+sometimes when I pass.
+
+High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) nowadays has become the center of antique
+shops, there are many of them, also now there are dress shops and
+accessories of all kinds.
+
+Then we go along Prospect Street, which was named for the tract of land
+belonging to Benjamin Stoddert, called "Pretty Prospect."
+
+On the corners of Potomac Street are two quaint, little houses. On the
+southeast corner of Frederick (34th) and Prospect Streets stands an
+apartment house, which, before a false front was added a few years ago
+when it was converted, was the dignified brick house where Benjamin
+Stoddert lived and entertained in most hospitable style.
+
+[Illustration: BENJAMIN STODDERT'S HOUSE]
+
+He named his home "Halcyon House," and what a suitable and lovely name
+for one in his business, and one who had settled here after his service
+in the Revolution. For the halcyon was a fabled bird, whose nest floated
+upon the sea. It had the power of charming winds and waves, hence,
+"halcyon days" are days of tranquillity and peace. He had married
+Rebecca Loundes, the daughter of Christopher Loundes, of Bladensburg.
+They had several children. Mrs. Stoddert writes thusly of them on a
+day when they must have been particularly trying:
+
+    I wonder that you can be so anxious to see my children, for a parcel
+    of rude, disagreeable brats as ever was born, except the two
+    youngest.
+
+She writes another letter on the 15th of December, 1799, in which she is
+evidently condoling with someone, and says she "hopes Nancy was not
+disappointed at having a fine girl;" she is sure of "Richard's feelings
+on the subject, for the men always are, if they would but own it, after
+having one daughter, all but sons are unwelcome." She goes on to say,
+"But they may comfort themselves, but I will be security that the next
+one will be a son."
+
+What marvelous necromancy this lady must have possessed--in her own
+opinion--worth a gold mine if it could really be true!
+
+From his southern dormer windows, tradition says, Major Stoddert used to
+watch with his telescope for the coming of some of those ships that he
+and Colonel Forrest and Colonel Murdock sent out across the ocean.
+
+On May 17, 1798, he was appointed Secretary of the Navy, being the first
+to hold that position, and so remained until March 1, 1807.
+
+On May 29, 1800, he wrote thusly from Philadelphia (where he was engaged
+by his cabinet duties), to his near neighbor, John Templeman, on the
+corner just one block west of him, the old house which stood for so
+many, many years unoccupied:
+
+    Dear Sir:
+
+    The Pres. will be at Washington by the time you receive this, or a
+    day or two after. He proposes to stay but a little while. I wish he
+    would remain longer. This and other good things will depend on the
+    manner of employing his time. I request, therefore, that setting
+    Bashfulness at defiance, you will urge the Pres. to go to the balls,
+    to ride with you in your coach, and to get Mr. Scott at least to go
+    with you. Let the Pres. be pleased with the attention and with the
+    country.
+
+    I am resp. yrs.,
+
+    BEN STODDERT.
+
+    Barring accidents, I expect to be in Geo. Town the 14th of June.
+
+After Benjamin Stoddert's death, this house was given by William Whann
+as a wedding present to his only child, Anna Maria, on her marriage to
+Benjamin Mackall, the son of Leonard Mackall. Their son, General William
+W. Mackall, was a graduate of West Point in the class with General
+Grant. He served with distinction in the Mexican War and later in the
+Confederate Army. Shortly after the close of the Civil War, General
+Grant gave a reception at the White House to the Aztec Society, composed
+of officers who served in the War with Mexico and their descendants.
+General Mackall went to it clad in his grey uniform and was most
+cordially received by his old comrades.
+
+Still later than the Mackalls, this house was occupied by Mr. Martineau,
+Minister from the Netherlands, and then by the Pairo family.
+
+To return to Mr. Templeman's house which he built about 1788. He was
+president of the Bank of Columbia; also an owner of ships, and, as a
+side issue, had:
+
+    For Sale--At John Templeman's Store.
+       Whisky, Firkin Butter, Linseed Oil, and Flour.
+    George Town June 20, 1800.
+
+Those ships which carried tobacco across 3,000 miles of ocean didn't
+fill their holds with bricks as ballast on the way back, as we used to
+be told; there were too many better things needed here. And there was
+plenty of clay right here to burn brick. Even in the early days of
+Jamestown there were brick factories of which there are records and
+"English Brick" meant made by specifications of English brick.
+
+The Templeman family lived here for three generations until the Civil
+War. Then it belonged to Franklin Steele, whose three daughters were
+Mrs. Morris, Mrs. Arthur Addison, and Mrs. Edward Macaulay.
+
+"Old Mrs. Morris," as she was called, lived there many years alone and
+was always complaining to my father that the new building of the Capital
+Traction Company was undermining her house and was knocking it down. It
+still stands firm. It was finally "done over" a few years ago, and
+eventually bought by James E. Forrestal, when he became Secretary of the
+Navy, and was still his home when he resigned as our first Secretary of
+Defense, and then ended his life tragically May 12, 1949, by leaping
+from a window of the Naval Hospital at Bethesda.
+
+The house was leased for two or three years to the Government and called
+"Prospect House." It was used by the State Department as a "guest
+house," where such honored persons as the Shah of Iran, Monsieur Vincent
+Auriol, President of France, and several Presidents of Latin American
+countries, and other officials, stayed. The State Department often used
+it for dinner parties. Its garden which used to be terraced down to the
+river, and quaint little gazebo are still lovely. It has recently been
+purchased by Representative Thurmond Chatham of North Carolina.
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF DR. CHARLES WORTHINGTON]
+
+Just across from Mr. Templeman's house on the northeast corner is one of
+the loveliest houses left in Georgetown. It stood for many years
+unchanged and unoccupied until a few years ago, when it was bought by
+Sir Wilmott Lewis, the representative in Washington for a long time of
+the _London Times_.
+
+It was built by John Thomson Mason, (not General John Mason, whose home
+was on Bridge Street). It was acquired in 1810 by Dr. Charles
+Worthington, who came to George Town in 1783 from Sumner Hill in Anne
+Arundel County. He previously owned a house on the southwest corner of
+Bridge (M) and Market (33rd) Streets, and, later on, bought this house.
+He called his home "Quality Hill." His family lived there for many years
+until about 1856, when they moved up to the Heights and bought a house
+on Road Street. The family of James Kearney lived there then, until
+about twenty years ago. Dr. Worthington was one of the original members
+of Saint John's Church and first president of the District of Columbia
+Medical Society.
+
+Dr. Charles Worthington was an austere man, very dignified and serious.
+To his latest day, he dressed in the old style; his hair in queue, knee
+breeches, long stockings, and buckles on his shoes. He drove a
+coach-and-four when going to his country place out on the Seventh Street
+Road near Brightwood. He was a man of great ability and zeal. He lived
+to be 76 years old, having practiced medicine 55 years. His son,
+Nicholas, followed in his profession.
+
+Another block westward on this street stood Prospect Cottage, a charming
+little home where Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth lived in the sixties and
+wrote her many novels--one for every year of her life. This house was
+for a time the home of the League of American Pen Women.
+
+Just about a block northward stands Holy Trinity Catholic Church,
+referred to sometimes in old newspapers as The Roman Church. The present
+large edifice, facing on Lingan (36th) Street, was first built in 1849,
+but the original church is the small building at the back of it, high up
+from First (N) Street. The earliest marriage recorded there is April 6,
+1795; the first baptism, May 14, 1795, signed by Reverend Francis Neale,
+S. J., who was the first pastor. But the lot had been purchased some
+years before by Bishop Carroll.
+
+The building was erected by Alexander Doyle, putting in his own means in
+addition to contributions from others. This church was virtually owned
+by the college and was used for the college commencements until 1832.
+
+Georgetown College, now a university, stands like a fortress at the
+western boundary of the town. Its lovely chimes float out over the town
+at every quarter of the hour. Only one of the original buildings in old,
+red brick still stands behind the grey stone modern halls. The north
+building was put up first, and by 1797, students began to lodge in it.
+There were 57 boarders at that time. The college was opened in 1789--its
+founder being John Carroll, a member of the famous Maryland family, who
+was consecrated Bishop at Lulworth Castle in England, but returned
+immediately to this country. There is a fine seated statue of him just
+in front of the main building. In 1806 it passed under the control of
+the Jesuits, and in 1815, it was raised to the rank of a university. The
+observatory of Georgetown, founded by Reverend James Curley in 1842, is
+one of the oldest in this country.
+
+In 1830 Jonathan Elliot wrote of the college:
+
+    On entering the College, every pupil shall pay ten dollars. He shall
+    bring a mattress, a pillow, two pillow cases, two pairs of sheets,
+    four blankets and a counterpane, or pay $6.00 per annum for the use
+    of bed and bedding. He must also bring with him one suit of clothes,
+    as a uniform--which is in winter a blue cloth coat and pantaloons
+    with a black velvet waistcoat; in summer white pantaloons with a
+    black silk waistcoat are used. He must likewise bring with him two
+    suits for daily wear, for which no particular color is prescribed;
+    six shirts, six pairs of stockings, six pocket handkerchiefs, three
+    pairs of shoes, a hat and a cloak or great coat, also a silver
+    spoon. These articles if not brought by the student will be
+    furnished by the College and included in the first bill.
+
+    The pension for board, washing, mending and mending materials, use
+    of books (philosophical and mathematical excepted), pens, ink, and
+    writing paper, slates and pencil, is $150. Medical aid and medicine,
+    unless parents choose to run the risk of a doctor's bill in case of
+    sickness, $3.00 per annum. All charges must be paid half-yearly in
+    advance.
+
+    With regard to pocket money it is desired that all students should
+    be placed on an equality and that it should not exceed 12-1/2 cents
+    per week; and whatever is allowed must be deposited in the hands of
+    the directors of the College. Half-boarders are received on the
+    usual terms, viz. $5 entrance and $65 for board per annum.
+
+    Day scholars $5 for fuel and servants, as no charge is made for
+    tuition. The College has been established 45 years and not a single
+    death has taken place among the students.
+
+This was in spite of the fact that the young men, winter and summer,
+washed at the pump!
+
+Early in 1861 several volunteer regiments, including the 69th New York
+and the 79th Pennsylvania Regiments, arrived in Georgetown. The 69th
+was mustered into service in the grounds of Georgetown College, where it
+was afterwards quartered. The 79th Pennsylvania Regiment was clad in
+their distinctive Scottish kilts, plaids, and striped stockings, and had
+a band of pipers at their head.
+
+The Georgetown College students showed where their sympathies were by an
+ostentatious display of a badge fastened upon the lapel of the
+coat--tri-color for the Union, and blue for disunion.
+
+Just west of the college used to be a pond which was a very popular
+resort for skaters in the winter season.
+
+Not far away is another well-known Catholic institution, for the
+education of the other sex--the oldest Visitation Convent in the
+country--having on its list of alumnæ many well-known names.
+
+When Father Neale came from Philadelphia to George Town in 1798 to
+become president of the college, he found living on Fayette (35th)
+Street, near by, three ladies belonging to the Order of Poor Clares.
+This order was founded in Assisi long ago by Sister Clare, a devoted
+friend of Saint Francis of Assisi, and is similar to the Franciscans.
+The three ladies were members of the French nobility who had been driven
+from their convent in France during the Revolution in 1793 and, coming
+to this country, had set up a little convent not far from the college.
+They attempted to keep a school as a means of support, but had a very
+difficult time. Once, it is told, they were reduced to such poverty that
+they had to sell a parrot, which they had as a pet, in order to save
+themselves from starvation. These women, barefooted, according to the
+rule of their order, came of noble blood and had been born to luxury.
+One of them was Mary de la Marche, who advertised in the newspaper
+salves and eyewashes for sale.
+
+In 1799 Father Neale sent back to Philadelphia for three devoted
+religious friends from Ireland, who wished to found a convent. They were
+Alice Tabor, Maria McDermott, and Louise Sharpe. For a few months they
+boarded with the Poor Clares, but a little later Father Neale bought a
+house and lot nearby and installed them in it. They became known as The
+Pious Ladies. On May 18, 1801, Mary de la Marche advertised the two
+houses of the Poor Clares for sale, but apparently they did not sell
+them at that time, for, in 1804, after the death of the Abbess, Madame
+de la Rochefoucault, who succeeded her, sold the convent to Bishop
+Neale, and the remaining ladies returned to France.
+
+The Pious Ladies slowly increased in numbers, keeping their school and
+struggling against poverty, all the time endeavoring to become
+established as members of the Visitation Order. At last their hope and
+ambition came to pass, and, in 1816, they were regularly established as
+the Georgetown Visitation Convent.
+
+Across the street from the Convent grounds, a lovely big meadow until it
+was partly taken over in World War II for a housing project, are the
+Volta Bureau for the Deaf and two interesting houses.
+
+Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor, the daughter of Alexander Graham Bell, has very
+kindly given me this wonderful letter about them:
+
+    My grandfather, Alexander Melville Bell, lived on the corner of 35th
+    Street and Volta Place in the house since occupied by Mr. Walter
+    Lippman, (but not at present).
+
+    Following my father's removal to Washington in about 1879, his
+    father and mother changed their residence from Brantford, Ontario,
+    to Georgetown. With them were their three nieces, the Misses
+    Symonds, who were my father's double cousins. At the back of the
+    35th Street property was an old stable which my father converted
+    into a laboratory, and he carried on experiments there almost until
+    the time of his death. He would come out nearly every afternoon to
+    his laboratory and visit with his parents before returning home in
+    the evening.
+
+    It was also our custom to have dinner with my grandfather and
+    grandmother on Sundays. They were very jolly times and my
+    grandfather always had a jar of candy for the grandchildren and
+    games which we could all play. He was very popular with all the
+    young people, being jolly, and looked a little like the usual idea
+    of Santa Claus, with his gray beard and hair.
+
+    Shortly after my grandfather came to live in Georgetown, his
+    brother, Mr. David Charles Bell and Mrs. Bell, followed him from
+    Brantford to Washington and bought the house next door. With them at
+    that time, keeping house for them, was Miss Aileen Bell. She was
+    noted in the family as having turned down Bernard Shaw's offer of
+    marriage in her young days, Bernard Shaw having been a great friend
+    of her brother, Mr. Chichester Bell, and having visited with the
+    family when they lived in Dublin, Ireland. Mr. David Bell had in his
+    young days moved to Dublin to carry on the career of his father,
+    Alexander Bell, as a teacher of elocution. His wife had a school for
+    young ladies. Another son of the family was Mr. Charles J. Bell,
+    later president of the American Security and Trust Company, who
+    later married my mother's sister, Roberta Hubbard, and came to
+    reside in Washington.
+
+    Mr. David Charles Bell was a very handsome man, but very irascible,
+    and the young people were quite afraid of him. He and his brother
+    had numerous vehement arguments as to whether Shakespeare or Bacon
+    wrote Shakespeare's plays. My grandmother was eleven or twelve years
+    older than her husband, so my grandfather did most of the marketing,
+    and I understand it used to be quite a sight on Saturday morning to
+    see the two old gentlemen, Mr. David and Mr. Melville Bell, going to
+    market with baskets over their arms. Notwithstanding all their
+    arguments, they were very devoted to each other.
+
+    Miss Aileen Bell was very musical and was one of the founders of the
+    Friday Morning Music Club and other musical clubs. She was the
+    organist and choir leader in Christ Church, Georgetown. She was
+    always very punctilious in her attendance and I remember her talking
+    about her church.
+
+    Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bell and their family also used to come out on
+    Sundays to see their parents, but they usually came to supper. The
+    family as a whole were very devoted. Mr. Chichester Bell, you may
+    recall, was the co-inventor with my father and Mr. Tainter of the
+    phonograph. The wax records that are used today are their invention
+    and their company, the Columbia Phonograph Company, operated under
+    their patents.
+
+    After my grandfather's death, the house came into my father's
+    possession, and he gave it to the American Association to Promote
+    the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf, now called the Volta Speech
+    Association. It was used for a time as the home of the
+    Superintendent. My father still continued to use his laboratory.
+    Some years later, when the Association needed money, it was sold and
+    the proceeds used to carry on the work of the Association. My father
+    was very much interested in the work of the Volta Bureau and one
+    winter, when my mother was away, he lived at the Volta Bureau,
+    compiling some of his scientific data. He had a way when he became
+    absorbed in work of forgetting to eat or sleep, and the person that
+    brought his dinner tray would often find his luncheon tray
+    untouched.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN THRELKELD]
+
+Just north of the convent grounds is the site of the estate of Berleith,
+which had been built by Henry Threlkeld. He had, in 1751, married Mrs.
+Mary Hopkins, a daughter of Dr. Gustavus Brown of Maryland, and widow of
+Reverend Matthew Hopkins. Henry Threlkeld died in 1781, his widow in
+1801. Their one child, John, was married in 1787 to Elizabeth Ridgely,
+of Maryland. Two years before his marriage he visited England, one
+object of his trip being to secure a legacy which he converted into gold
+and brought back with him. He landed in England at Dover, which he
+described as being "about the size of George Town," the voyage having
+taken nearly two months--from October 6th to December 3rd. In his
+journal he wrote of having gone to the House of Commons to hear "Mr.
+Pitt open the budgett, Mr. Fox followed, and then Mr. Sheridan replied
+to Mr. Pitt."
+
+Of John Threlkeld, an old paper states that "he was well and very widely
+known as a fine scholar and a man of great benevolence." He was mayor of
+George Town in 1793 and a personal friend of Thomas Jefferson. He was
+remembered as a handsome figure on horseback, even in his late years,
+and his love of following the hounds is a family tradition. The comments
+made by him in this connection during his stay in England are
+interesting. After describing the journey by coach past fine estates
+with "one-half the fields as green as spring with grass," he added, "and
+but one horse have I seen in the course of thirty miles at pasture, and
+here I must take notice of their boasting in America of their hunters
+leaping the five-bar gates." He goes on to explain how the measurements
+were taken, and concludes, "but still their horses vastly surpass ours."
+
+John and Elizabeth Threlkeld had four children, but the only son died in
+infancy, so the name disappeared, and the family is represented only by
+the descendants of their daughter, Jane, who married John Cox.
+
+[Illustration: COLONEL JOHN COX]
+
+
+
+
+Chapter IX
+
+_Along First Street (N) from Cox's Row to High Street (Wisconsin Ave.)_
+
+
+On the northeast corner of First Street (N) and Frederick (34th) Street
+stands the row of houses which John Cox built. Colonel Cox was for many
+years most prominent in all the affairs of Georgetown, serving as its
+Mayor longer than any other one man from 1823 to 1845--22 years. John
+Cox was of English descent. He was born in 1775 during the Revolution,
+was the youngest of four children, and being left an orphan as a small
+child, was raised by an uncle who was a banker in Baltimore. He later
+lived for a while in Philadelphia, and from there came to Georgetown. He
+first married Matilda Smith, a sister of Clement Smith, well known as
+the first cashier of the Farmers' & Mechanics Bank, later its president.
+They had three children, one of whom was named Clement. By his second
+marriage to Jane Threlkeld he had seven children.
+
+In the War of 1812 he served as a Colonel. He was a large property owner
+in Georgetown, besides being a well-to-do merchant. He built the row of
+houses on First (N) Street, called by his name and lived for a while in
+the house on the corner. That must have been during the period of his
+first marriage, for after Jane Threlkeld became his wife they built a
+lovely house on part of the Berleith estate, next door to the old
+Threlkeld which had been burned, and called it The Cedars. It stood
+where the Western High School now stands, and it is difficult to
+realize now that there, in my memory, was a home surrounded by a mass of
+trees and vines and was most delightfully private and charming. It was a
+quaint and lovely old cream-colored mansion, a portico on its north
+front, two long piazzas as usual, along the south side of the house. In
+later years I myself went there to the private school kept by the Misses
+Earle, whose father, George Earle purchased the place.
+
+Colonel Cox was celebrated as a dandy. "He would saunter down town in
+silk stockings and pumps, not getting a spot upon himself, while other
+men would be up to their ankles in mud, for in those days there were no
+pavements." Stepping-stones were placed at the corners of the streets
+standing rather high above the roadway to facilitate the pedestrians.
+
+Colonel Cox had moved up to The Cedars when, as mayor in 1824, it fell
+to his lot to act as host for Georgetown to the Marquis de Lafayette,
+when he made his famous visit.
+
+A new arrival was imminent in the Cox family, so it was not advisable to
+have the party, which he wished to give, at his home. Consequently, he
+used one of these houses which was vacant at that time, number 3337; had
+it furnished from top to bottom, his eldest daughter, Sally, acting in
+her mother's place as hostess for the distinguished party invited to
+meet the hero of the hour.
+
+It is said that one young lady in her enthusiasm fell upon her knees
+before the Marquis and impressed a kiss upon his hands. There was a
+fashion in those days of decorating the floor by painting a pattern
+around the edges with colored chalks--garlands of roses entwined with
+the flags of the two countries. A marvelous supper was served; it is
+said it included 600 reed birds. It is to be hoped it also included
+other things more substantial than this high-sounding but sparsely
+covered game.
+
+The coach of Colonel Cox was at the disposal of the honored guest during
+the period of his stay. When he made his formal entry into the District
+of Columbia, having come by way of Baltimore, he was escorted by a troop
+of cavalry from Montgomery County commanded by my grandfather, Captain
+Henry Dunlop, a Georgetonian, then farming the family plantation, Hayes,
+seven miles north of town.
+
+Tradition says that number 3337 had a tunnel leading to the river. Some
+such large opening was discovered when the owner excavated recently to
+make a pool in the garden. In 1860 this house was the home of William A.
+Gordon, for many years chief of the quartermaster's department. It was
+from here that his eldest son of the same name left to enter the
+Confederate Army. William A. Gordon, senior, born in Baltimore, had gone
+to the Military Academy at West Point, and while there a terrible cry
+arose about the poor quality of food furnished for the cadets. Mr.
+Gordon was one of the three young men selected by the corps to go to
+Washington to interview the President on the subject. The answer he gave
+them was that he would see that conditions at the Academy were remedied,
+but his advice to them was to send in their resignations immediately, as
+there would be no career there for them after this.
+
+From about 1865 to 1892 Mr. and Mrs. William Laird, Jr., made this
+house their home. Mr. Laird was for forty years cashier of the Farmers'
+and Mechanics' Bank, and was greatly respected. When he resigned he was
+presented by the officials with a very handsome silver punch bowl, ladle
+and tray and a large silver loving cup. He died suddenly a month or two
+after giving up his business and his widow did not survive him long.
+Mrs. Laird was Anna Key Ridgely, a charming person. They had no
+children, nor had his brother, who never married, so this name, long so
+honored here, has disappeared from Georgetown.
+
+To return to the corner house. It was for several years the home of
+Commodore Charles Morris, one of the eminent officers of the early U. S.
+Navy. He made a remarkable record in the War with Tripoli, his earliest
+achievement being on the occasion of the recapture and destruction of
+the frigate _Philadelphia_ in the harbor of Tripoli in 1804. Midshipman
+Morris, then nineteen years old, volunteered for the service and was the
+first to stand on the deck of the _Philadelphia_ and commence the work
+of destruction. At the beginning of the War of 1812 he held the rank of
+lieutenant--and became executive officer of the _Constitution_, Captain
+Isaac Hull being in command.
+
+On the 17th of July, 1812, a very calm day, the frigate met a fleet of
+British vessels, and the enemy thought they had an easy prize, but by a
+combination of towing and kedging by means of the _Constitution's_ boats
+and anchors, an extraordinary escape was made which, as Captain Hull
+stated at the time, was conceived by Lieutenant Morris. Its successful
+execution commanded the admiration of his countrymen and won the
+applause even of the British officers.
+
+Commodore Morris was chosen to escort Lafayette back to France on the U.
+S. S. _Brandywine_, and while on a visit to the general his portrait was
+painted by Amy Shaffer and sent back to Mrs. Morris as a gift from the
+Marquis.
+
+In 1842 the property was bought by James Keith who was a great friend of
+General Washington, Mr. Keith's daughter married Mr. Forrest, and their
+son French Forrest was an officer in the United States Navy, but like
+many others in this part of the world, went into the Southern Navy
+during the Civil War. At the time of his funeral W. W. Corcoran, who was
+a very intimate friend, was a pall-bearer. In those days it was the
+style for the mourners to wear a long streamer of crêpe around their
+hats and hanging down a foot or two. Little Douglas Forrest, the son of
+the deceased, began to cry, saying he "wanted some funeral on his hat."
+Mr. Corcoran took him in hand and insisted that he should have his wish
+and be arrayed like the other mourners.
+
+In the other houses of that row lived, at number 3335, just before the
+Civil War, a family named Semmes from New Orleans who had several
+daughters considered very beautiful. Cora Semmes became the wife of
+Colonel Joseph Ives, a brilliant young engineer officer of the United
+States Army, who, although of Northern birth, espoused the Southern
+cause. He was put on General Lee's staff, and later transferred to be
+aide-de-camp to Jefferson Davis where, in Richmond he and his wife
+became prominent and useful in entertaining distinguished foreigners, as
+she was noted for her charm as well as her beauty.
+
+In number 3333 Judge Robert Ould resided. His father had been one of
+the founders of the Lancastrian School. Mattie Ould, whose name still is
+a synonym for grace, beauty and wit, spent her childhood here. After the
+Oulds went to Richmond this house was for a time the home of Henry
+Addison, while he was mayor. Later on the Cropleys lived in it.
+
+William Hunter lived for a great many years in number 3331, when he was
+Assistant Secretary of State. Women of my generation still remember him
+for his love of little children and his gifts to them of toys and
+goodies.
+
+Across on the southeast corner of First (N) Street and Frederick (34th)
+Street at 3340 is the house which Harry Hopkins, the great friend of
+Franklin D. Roosevelt, bought and moved to with his new wife and his
+daughter Diana, when they left the White House where they had been
+living for a year or more. This was his home at the time of his death.
+
+On this street used to live the Marburys before they moved to The
+Heights, and also the Wheatleys of whom there were several households in
+Georgetown in the latter part of the last century.
+
+A block eastward on the same side of the street is another row of
+charming old houses, built about 1800 by Colonel James Smith, "lately
+returned from the Revolutionary War." In the one on the corner of First
+(N) and Potomac Streets used to live Mrs. Gannt and her daughter Clare
+and Mrs. Gannt's sister Mrs. Smith. I think they were descendants of the
+builder of the row. Their old home was for a time occupied by Mr. and
+Mrs. Blair Thaw, the former a poet, the latter an artist.
+
+Third from the corner at 3259, in the middle of the 19th century lived
+Dr. Lewis Ritchie who had an extensive practice. I think he was the son
+of Dr. Joshua Ritchie. This house was the home of Hon. and Mrs. Lewis A.
+Douglas when he was the sole representative in Congress from Arizona.
+Later he was Director of the Budget and within recent years Ambassador
+to the Court of St. James. This house is now the home of Mrs. McCook
+Knox who is very well known in connection with the study of Early
+American Portraits and has been connected with the Frick Art Reference
+Library of New York since its inception. In the front room of the attic
+of 3259 were doors of rough hewn wood with old iron bolts leading into
+rooms of the two adjoining houses. The story is that in the War of 1812
+this row of houses used to be watched. A soldier would be stationed on
+the corner, but the "questionable person" never emerged, he could escape
+through the attic rooms and come out at the end of the row.
+
+No. 3257 is now the home of Hon. and Mrs. Richard B. Wigglesworth of
+Massachusetts.
+
+The old home of the Shoemaker family was at 3261. While he was Assistant
+Secretary of War it was the home of Hon. and Mrs. F. Trubee Davison and
+is now the home of Hon. and Mrs. James J. Wadsworth of New York.
+
+All of this part of Georgetown west of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+used to be called Holy Hill, because of the great number of Irish who
+dwelt in the neighborhood. On Saint Patrick's Day there were parades and
+fights, and all kinds of excitement.
+
+There were also a good many respectable colored Catholics, and near
+here, on Potomac Street, dwelt a family of Coakleys. Magdalen Coakley
+thought she was the reincarnation of the Virgin Mary. She got herself
+up to look like the Virgin, in sweeping white robes and a sky-blue veil
+and cloak. She was not a very dark negress and had a fine countenance
+and striking figure. She used to go about the streets blessing little
+children and wanting to baptize them, followed, of course, by a string
+of boys making fun of her. She would go up to Trinity Church and stand
+by the door; but once she wanted to help the priest give Communion, so
+they had to forbid her coming. Of course the poor soul thought she was
+being persecuted, but she took it in a Christian manner and prayed all
+the harder, on the street and everywhere. She lived to be an old woman
+still wearing her picturesque costume.
+
+Her sister, Frances, was nurse for three generations for the Hein family
+whose home was at number 3249 N Street, now entirely changed by its
+modernized roof and steps.
+
+Samuel Hein had emigrated from Königsberg, Germany, as a young man, and
+had become an American citizen. He was fifty-six years in the Coast and
+Geodetic Survey, retiring as its disbursing officer. He was an ardent
+Union man, and during the four years of the Civil War kept the Stars and
+Stripes flying from one of his windows. All through the two terrible
+days after the Battle of Bull Run, when the Northern troops were
+streaming through Georgetown, Mr. Hein maintained a soup kitchen for the
+soldiers in his back yard. His wife was the daughter of John Simpson who
+lived on the corner of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and West (P)
+Streets. Her brother, James Alexander Simpson, was a rather well-known
+portrait painter. They were quite a musical and artistic family.
+
+One son Charles Hein was an artist and had his studio in a little frame
+house still standing on 31st (Congress) behind another house, opposite
+the post office. There he took pupils. He was very picturesque in
+appearance, tall and dark, wore a drooping mustache, low collar with
+flowing black cravat and wide-brimmed black hat and cape.
+
+Another son Col. O. L. Hein in an interesting book called _Memories of
+Long Ago_ tells this story:
+
+    One day in the spring of 1861, as I was passing the residence of the
+    pastor of St. John's Church, The Rev. Mr. Tillinghast, quite near
+    our house, I was attracted by the sight of a dashing young Cavalry
+    officer, who was showing off the paces of his handsome black charger
+    to the Minister. I lingered nearby, greatly enjoying the equestrian
+    performance, and upon its conclusion I was informed by the
+    clergyman, that the name of the young officer was William Orton
+    Williams, and that he was the military secretary of Lt. General
+    Winfield Scott.
+
+    In the following year I was shocked to read in a local newspaper the
+    account of the trial and conviction of Williams and his cousin, Lt.
+    W. G. Peter (resident of Georgetown) as spies under the assumed
+    names of General W. C. Auton and Major Dunlop, of the Union Army, by
+    a drumhead Court Martial, and their conviction and execution by
+    hanging. In recent years I was informed by my wife's mother, Mrs.
+    Ross, that she remembered Williams quite well, and that he was
+    engaged to Miss Anne Lee, the daughter of General R. E. Lee; but
+    that she died, on the outbreak of the Civil War. Mrs. Ross was a
+    cousin of General Lee, and a freqeunt visitor at Arlington before
+    the secession of Virginia.
+
+    Williams was of distinguished ancestry, the son of Capt. William G.
+    Williams, a graduate of West Point of the class of 1822, who was
+    mortally wounded at the Battle of Monterey, Mexico, while serving on
+    the staff of General Zachary Taylor, and his mother, America Peter
+    was the daughter of Thomas Peter, a prominent citizen of
+    Georgetown, whose wife Martha Parke Custis was the granddaughter of
+    Mrs. George Washington and an aunt of Mary Custis the wife of
+    General R. E. Lee.
+
+Just next door to this house is the site where, even before 1780, stood
+the Columbian Academy of which Mr. Rogers was the principal and of which
+Dr. Balch became the head in 1781. It was a large, two-story frame
+building, having a high entrance porch, where hung the bell. It stood on
+a hill which commanded a fine view of the river from the study rooms
+upstairs. Adjacent to the schoolroom was a large garden in the middle
+of which was a jessamine arbor. Two of General Washington's nephews were
+students of the school and lived with the principal.
+
+Here was housed the Columbian Library which was opened in 1803. In later
+years the present building was erected but having a very different
+appearance. Here lived Hugh Caperton a well known lawyer.
+
+I myself lived here as a very small child when I was two or three years
+old and one of my very first memories is being dared by my brothers and
+sisters to jump off the stone wall fronting the street, about four feet
+high. I felt as if I had to jump from the Washington Monument, but I did
+it, with no ill effects.
+
+It was after that the home, for many years, of the Barbers. Old Mrs.
+Barber moved there with her grandchildren when she sold her home where
+the United States Naval Observatory now stands. She was the daughter of
+Major Adlum whose home was The Vineyard where the Bureau of Standards is
+now. His place was well named for he was a great horticulturist, the
+first to domesticate the Catawba grape. It grew wild in North Carolina.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter X
+
+_Gay (N) Street--East to Rock Creek_
+
+
+Across High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) along Gay (N) Street on the
+northwest corner of Congress (31st) is the Baptist Church which has just
+celebrated its 75th anniversary. It was originally a small frame
+building, up on a bank. The present building was erected in 1890.
+
+On the southwest corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st) Streets stood,
+not so very many years ago, an attractive old white house with long
+porches, tiers of them, across the back overlooking a garden. I think
+the present building is what it was converted into in the period that
+did the best to rob Georgetown of all its charm.
+
+Here, in 1795, Dr. James Heighe Blake built his home. He was a very
+eminent citizen, a member of the first vestry of Saint John's Church,
+one of the very first to advocate schools of the Lancastrian system and
+a reformatory, and the very first person to suggest a health officer for
+the City of Washington. He moved over to the city and became its third
+mayor from 1813 to 1817. His daughter, Glorvina, married William A.
+Gordon, senior, of whom I have already spoken.
+
+Here, at one time, lived Judge Walter Cox, grandson of Colonel John Cox.
+His wife was a daughter of Judge Dunlop. Still later, the school of Miss
+Jennie and Miss Lucy Stephenson was here, which was well attended in the
+seventies and eighties. In the spring of 1875, a romantic elopement
+took place. A young girl of sixteen, an orphan, who was said to be "an
+heiress," went off to Baltimore very early one morning with the son of a
+minister who taught Latin in the school.
+
+When the pupils came that morning, they sensed the excitement and
+gathered in groups in the gallery. Eventually, the news leaked out and
+the chief topic was that the young lady took no baggage, not even a
+nightgown, in her flight.
+
+Just below here, on Congress (31st) Street, in the latter part of the
+last century lived a lady much beloved by rich and poor. She was the
+first person to conceive the idea of a diet kitchen for the needy. She
+had not much of this world's goods, so she went daily to the different
+butchers who gave her scraps of meat which she cooked, and had
+continually on hand jars of "beef tea." All the doctors knew where to
+apply when they had patients who were in need of it. She was the widow
+of Captain Charles Carroll Simms, an officer of the old navy who went
+with the Confederacy, and at the famous battle in Hampton Roads, was
+second in command of the _Merrimac_, and in command after the chief
+officer was killed. She was Elizabeth Nourse, daughter of Major Charles
+Joseph Nourse, of The Highlands.
+
+Next door, below Mrs. Simms' house, stands the Methodist Protestant
+Church which not long ago celebrated its one hundredth anniversary. The
+lot for it was purchased in April, 1829, but the founders for a year or
+two previous to that had been worshipping in the Presbyterian Church
+building, Saint John's or the Lancastrian schoolroom. It is now a
+Christian Science Church.
+
+Across the street from the church, next door to the Post Office, the
+tall brick house is where a family lived which in the nineties was a
+mystery to Georgetown--the Oueston family--father, mother, and daughter.
+No one knew what was the father's business, and no one ever saw the
+mother out, but it was rumored that she came from South America, was of
+royal blood, and had a throne on which she sat, dressed accordingly. The
+daughter was known then, and for many years afterwards, as "the girl of
+a thousand curls." She was tall and slender, and her magnificent suit of
+dark hair was a mass of curls, making her head look like "a bushel
+basket." She wore ankle-length dresses of a style totally different from
+what every other girl wore: white stockings, when all of us wore black,
+and black slippers, laced up with narrow black ribbons.
+
+And then up to the northeast corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st)
+Streets, to the tall yellow house, now an apartment house. For many
+years it was at the home of the Snyders. Dr. John M. Snyder died at the
+age of 36, in the enjoyment of a fine reputation in his profession, of
+an unusual accident.
+
+The story is told by Dr. Samuel Busey, in his _Personal Reminiscences_:
+
+    Dr. Snyder had bought a farm called "Greenwood" a little way out of
+    town toward Tenallytown, and one afternoon at Dr. Busey's home,
+    "Belvoir," now the Beauvoir School, was telling Dr. Busey how he was
+    enjoying pruning the old oak trees on his place of dead wood. Dr.
+    Busey warned him that he was engaging in a dangerous amusement and
+    related the story of how a hired man of his, doing such a job, had
+    had a bad fall, but, fortunately, without injury.
+
+    Two or three days later, Dr. Busey was summoned to "Greenwood,"
+    where he found Dr. Snyder dying from just such an accident. The
+    branch of the tree he had been sawing off was hanging by a
+    splintered sliver, too weak to support its weight and, in swinging
+    to the ground, had knocked away the ladder on which Dr. Snyder was
+    standing.
+
+His wife was Sophy Tayloe, a member of the well-known family of the
+Octagon House in Washington, and beautiful old Mount Airy in Virginia.
+As a widow in her old age, she had a steady admirer, a general, who came
+every afternoon at the same time in his Victoria, and took her to drive.
+I can see her now, a small, slight figure in her cape, and little black
+bonnet tied under her chin, and holding one of those quaint little
+ruffled sunshades to keep the sun out of her eyes.
+
+She had one daughter, Miss Annie, who had the loveliest rosy cheeks (no
+rouge in those days), who never married. One son, Bladen, was an artist,
+and he used to be a familiar sight with his camp-stool and easel on the
+streets, painting.
+
+Georgetown was not so "arty" in Bladen Snyder's day, unfortunately, so
+he was considered very "odd."
+
+The other son, Dr. Arthur Snyder, was a fine surgeon, and an ardent
+horseman.
+
+Not long ago I was being shown photographs of belles and beaux of the
+eighties and nineties in Georgetown. Among them were several pictures of
+the crews of the Columbia Boat Club, and one of the "four" was young Dr.
+Snyder, whose home this was.
+
+There were two boat clubs in those days which were great rivals. The
+Columbia was at the foot of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and the
+Potomac was at the foot of Congress (31st) Street. I have more
+recollections of the latter, especially the dances held there on
+summer evenings, and the porch overhanging the river, with the moonlight
+on the water.
+
+[Illustration: OLD DR. RILEY'S HOUSE]
+
+We used to have tug parties, starting from there, going several miles
+down the Potomac and back, eating our supper on board and singing "My
+Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean," and "On the Road to Mandalay," which at
+that time was quite new.
+
+Across the street, at number 3038, is the house that I have always heard
+called "old Dr. Riley's." It was sold on the 24th of March, 1812, by
+James S. Marshall to William S. Nicholls and Romulus Riggs. Mr. Riggs
+owned the house until 1835. He was born near Brookeville in Montgomery
+County, Maryland. He was married in 1810. Somewhere between 1812 and
+1835 he went to live in Philadelphia where he was a prosperous merchant
+and influential citizen. I think it probable he lived in this house
+during some of that time and sold it to Dr. Joshua Riley.
+
+Dr. Riley had several students of medicine whom he taught. Among them
+was Dr. Armistead Peter, Alec Williams, "the handsomest man in town,"
+and the two nephews of Baron Bodisco, who also spent much time here. His
+office, a quaint little one-story brick building, on part of his lot,
+was torn down a few years ago, to the great sorrow of us old-timers, for
+Georgetown had lost one of its most distinctive antiques.
+
+Dr. Riley practiced medicine for 51 years and died beloved in the
+community at large as well as by his patients. He had a good word and
+pleasant salutation for everybody. He was a man of marked personal
+appearance, tall, slim, gaunt, awkward in manner, with a quick emphatic
+style of speech.
+
+Dr. Riley had married a daughter of Colonel Fowler, who lived on West
+(P) Street, and on the 10th of June, 1851, his wife's niece, Juliet
+Murray was married in this dear old house to John Marbury, Jr. Dr.
+Riley's daughter, Miss Marianna, and her sister-in-law, Mrs. Riley,
+occupied this house for many years until her death, when it was sold for
+almost "a song." Since then it has been resold several times.
+
+Across the street, at number 3043, now the home of Vice-Admiral Laurence
+Du Bose, was the home of another well-known admiral, Theodore Wilkinson,
+when he returned from the Pacific. He and his wife started off on a
+motor trip. At Norfolk, Virginia, as they were landing from a ferry, his
+car got out of control; he signaled to his wife to jump and her life was
+saved, but he and the car ran off into deep water and he was drowned.
+
+The cream-colored brick house with wings out on each side, now number
+3033 N Street, is one of the very oldest houses in Georgetown. It was
+the home of Colonel George Beall, son of Ninian Beall, and bequeathed by
+him at his death in 1780 to his daughters, Elizabeth and Ann, the same
+Elizabeth who became the wife of Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch shortly after
+her father's death.
+
+Adjoining the house on the east was the garden. All the land between
+this house and the one at 3017, built by George Beall's son, Thomas
+Beall of George, as he always styled himself, was made his two
+"Additions to Georgetown," was part of this estate. Many years
+afterwards, the little summer house and the fruit trees were still
+there. And, as was the custom in those long-ago days, here was the
+family burying-ground. I know people who remember it. Among the
+gravestones removed to the old Presbyterian burying-ground were two
+which bore these inscriptions: "Here lieth Colonel George Beall, who
+departed this life March 15, 1780, aged 85." And the other, "Here lieth
+the body of Elizabeth Beall, who departed this life October 2, 1748,
+aged about 49 years." She was Elizabeth Brooke, daughter of Colonel
+Thomas Brooke and Barbara Dent.
+
+In 1809 these two sisters sold this house to John Peter, and the next
+year he sold it to Mrs. Robert Peter, who was then a widow. She came
+here to live with her younger daughter, Margaret, who had become the
+wife of Thomas Dick, of Bladensburg. Here Mrs. Peter lived until her
+death in 1821, at the age of seventy-eight. Mrs. Dick's husband had died
+while on a trip to the West Indies and had been buried at sea. She lived
+on here the rest of her life with her only child, Robert, and he lived
+there many years and died there--an old bachelor. He was buried in Oak
+Hill on Christmas Eve, 1870. During these years there was a much-beloved
+old cook, Aunt Hannah, who was famous for her gingerbread and cookies. I
+have seen her photograph "all dressed up to have her picture took."
+
+Robert Dick had a big black dog who always came to the gate to greet the
+newsboy and took the paper in his mouth to his master.
+
+After Robert Dick's death, Thomas Cox bought the place and it was the
+home of his family for a good many years. The eastern wing was put on at
+that time and used as a conservatory. Since then the house has changed
+hands many, many times, and the western wing been added.
+
+The two houses at numbers 3025 and 3027 were built in the seventies by
+Oscar Stevens for his family and that of his brother-in-law, Dr. John S.
+Billings. Their wives were sisters, and very dependent upon each other.
+Dr. Billings was a pioneer in the introduction of indirect heating in
+buildings, and became an authority on that subject, and on ventilation.
+His textbooks on the subject were used in the Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology, and when Johns Hopkins Hospital was built, he was consulted.
+Because he had made such a fine record in creating the Army Medical
+Library, he was asked to come to New York and create the new Public
+Library there from the Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, which were
+consolidated.
+
+Across the street, at number 3032, where now is a large, modern brick
+house, there used to be, before I can remember, a quaint, frame
+structure. It was supposed to be one of the first houses built on the
+grant of the Rock of Dumbarton, and was intended for the "overlooker" of
+that part of the grant. It was a very plain but comfortable house, and
+was the home in the early part of the century of Hezekiah Miller who,
+like many of the gentry in those days, was in charge of government work.
+His department dealt with the Indians, and he had the distribution of
+money and supplies to certain tribes to whom he went from time to time,
+and also looked after them when they came to Washington. They always
+called him "Father Miller." Mr. Miller's wife was Miss Middleton, from
+Brooke Court Manor, in Maryland. Hezekiah Miller was a devout member of
+Christ Church. His daughter became the wife of the Reverend George
+Leakin, an Episcopal clergyman of Baltimore. She was to have been a
+bridesmaid at the wedding of Harriet Williams and Baron Bodisco, but was
+prevented by the sudden death of her brother by drowning. He was one of
+twins, born just at the time of General Lafayette's arrival on his visit
+in 1824, who were named Washington and Lafayette at the request of the
+townspeople. It was the latter young man who drowned, at the age of
+twenty-five.
+
+Number 3028 was the home, for a long, long time of the Reads, three
+sisters. One married Dr. Post, who was a missionary to Syria, but Miss
+Jane and Miss Isabella lived here many years after. The house next door
+still has its old-time doorway, but, unfortunately, one owner in the
+eighties spoiled its quaintness by adding a corner tower. It was here, I
+think, that Dr. William Barton Rogers, first President of the
+Massachusetts Institute of Technology, lived at one time.
+
+The two big houses, numbers 3014 and 3017, standing opposite each other
+on this block are very closely connected in their history. The early
+part is all tied up together. Although number 3017 has been somewhat
+changed in appearance, it is still, I imagine, a good deal like it was
+when Thomas Beall built it in 1794. Of course, the street has been cut
+down and left it higher up than it originally was, and also the old
+bricks have been covered with paint, and now a modern addition has
+hidden its lovely little wing.
+
+[Illustration: 3017 N STREET. THE HOUSE THAT THOMAS BEALL BUILT]
+
+The building of this house was evidently quite an event in those days,
+for in old advertisements of the sale of houses, many of them are
+"Between the Union Tavern and Thomas Beall's house on Gay Street." John
+Laird had a frame house on the lot, immediately across the street, now
+number 3014, but he was becoming exceedingly prosperous and wanted a
+handsome house. He married first, Lucinda Dick, sister of Thomas Dick,
+of Bladensburg, and, after her death, her elder sister, Mary. While he
+was building his brick house at number 3014, he rented and occupied
+Thomas Beall's house. No reason is given as to why Mr. Beall was not
+occupying it himself.
+
+About 1800 Mr. Laird moved into his own new mansion. At that time only
+the central part of the large building was there. Several wings have
+been added and the little portico at the front door. John Laird's eldest
+daughter, Barbara, married James Dunlop, Junior, the eldest son of James
+Dunlop; and his only son, William Laird, married two of James Dunlop's
+daughters at Hayes, first Helen, by whom he had three children, William
+Laird, Jr., James Dunlop Laird, who went to California in 1848 and never
+married, and Helen Laird, who also never married. After the death of his
+first wife, William Laird, Sr., married his sister-in-law, Arianna
+French Dunlop. She was very lame, and the marriage took place only a
+short time before her death.
+
+The miniatures reproduced of John Laird and James Dunlop represent them
+both in scarlet coats, with lace ruffles and powdered hair.
+
+John Laird was always very much interested in the Presbyterian Church
+and its affairs, and his descendants have remained so.
+
+He came to this country at the age of seventeen and was active in
+Georgetown from its early days, and it is a pity that none of his
+children had a son to carry on his name.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN LAIRD]
+
+[Illustration: JAMES DUNLOP, SENIOR]
+
+His son, William Laird, Jr., who had children, but no grandchildren, was
+clerk of the town for a great many years, longer than any other man. He
+is said to have had no superior as an accountant in this country.
+
+After John Laird's death in 1833, his house became the property of his
+daughter, Margaret. She never married, and lived there for a great many
+years with her aunt, Miss Elizabeth Dick. They were always known as
+"Miss Peggy" Laird and "Miss Betsy" Dick. My mother, as a little girl,
+remembered them. They used to sit by the front windows a great deal, and
+the turban which Miss Betsy wore on her head was, of course, very
+intriguing to a young girl in 1850. They were both almost always dressed
+in Scotch gingham of such fine quality that it seemed like silk. They
+were both ardent supporters of the Presbyterian Church and workers for
+the Orphan Asylum. Miss Betsy Dick died first, of course. Thomas Bloomer
+Balch dedicated to her one of the lectures he gave in Georgetown in the
+fifties called "Reminiscences of George Town."
+
+When Miss Peggy Laird died, she left the house to her sister, Barbara,
+Mrs. James Dunlop. They had been living on the southeast corner of Gay
+(N) and Greene (29th) Streets. From that time on, number 3014 was always
+known as the Dunlop house.
+
+Judge Dunlop was always very prominent. As a young man he was secretary
+of the Corporation of Georgetown, which fact is recorded on the keystone
+of the little bridge on High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) over the canal.
+He was for some time a law partner of Francis Scott Key, and later was
+appointed Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of the District of
+Columbia. He was holding this office at the outbreak of the Civil War
+and, being a Southerner in his sympathies, was, very naturally, removed
+from office by President Lincoln. An interesting thing is that about
+1915 this place was bought from the heirs of Judge Dunlop's son by
+Robert Todd Lincoln, son of President Lincoln.
+
+An anecdote is told of a dinner party long ago where Judge Dunlop was a
+guest, when one of the other guests was making puns on the names of all
+those present. Judge Dunlop said, "You will not be able to make one on
+my name." Quick as a flash came back the rejoinder, "Just lop off the
+last syllable and it is dun."
+
+Judge Dunlop and all of his brothers, except one, were graduates of
+Princeton College, he being valedictorian of his class. A portrait of
+him hangs in the courthouse in Washington. His son, William Laird
+Dunlop, lived for many years as a bachelor in the old house before his
+marriage to his cousin, Miss Sallie Peter, in Rockville. An interesting
+story is told of their neighbor, Dr. Tyler, coming home one evening and
+saying to his wife, "I'll have to go over and see what is the matter at
+Mr. Dunlop's; the house is lit up from top to bottom." When he returned,
+he was laughing heartily. "It's only that Mr. Dunlop is going to be
+married and is inspecting the house thoroughly." The bride he brought
+there was a very lovely person and very much beloved.
+
+William Laird Dunlop always kept up his custom of keeping his own cow
+and killing his own hogs in the fall. The little square, brick building
+covered with vines between the house and the stable was the meat house.
+It is in the garden of this house that the only remaining stone marker
+used in laying off the original George Town stands, protruding about
+eighteen inches from the ground.
+
+Now to return to number 3017 across the street. In 1811 this house was
+bought from Thomas Beall by Major George Peter. He was the youngest son
+of Robert Peter. He was born in George Town on the 28th of September,
+1779. When only fifteen years old he joined the Maryland troops against
+the Whisky Insurrectionists (1794), but his parents sent a messenger to
+camp and General Washington, hearing of the matter, ordered him home.
+His youthful ardor was gratified five years later in July, 1799, by his
+appointment as second lieutenant of the Ninth Infantry, United States
+Army, by President Adams, and he enjoyed the distinction of receiving
+his commission from the hands of General Washington at Mount Vernon.
+While in command at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, during the administration
+of President Jefferson, he organized the first light-horse battery
+formed in the United States service, and he always referred to his
+"Flying Artillery" with a special pride, in that he was specially
+selected by President Jefferson for that purpose.
+
+In April, 1805, Lieutenant Peter accompanied General Wilkinson to the
+West and took part in the organization of the Territorial Government of
+Missouri. Arriving at St. Louis on the Fourth of July, he established
+the first cantonment on the banks of the Missouri at Bellefontaine and
+fired the first salute on the return of Lewis and Clarke from their
+expedition to the Pacific. He also served under General Wilkinson during
+Governor Claiborne's administration before Louisiana was admitted to the
+Union and he was present as a witness at the trial of Aaron Burr.
+
+At the beginning of the War of 1812, President Madison tendered him a
+brigadier-generalship, which the condition of private affairs compelled
+him to decline, but in 1813 he volunteered his services and commanded a
+battalion of "Flying Artillery."
+
+Among the privates in this battalion were George Peabody and Francis
+Scott Key, besides others who afterwards became distinguished citizens.
+In writing of this battalion, W. W. Corcoran says the list of its
+membership represented the wealth, worth, and talent of the town at that
+time.
+
+In 1815, he was elected to Congress from the Sixth District of Maryland,
+but his seat was contested on the ground that he was not a resident of
+the Congressional District. At that time he was a resident of Georgetown
+and a member of the Town Council, but had large farms in Maryland. The
+House of Representatives, however, decided in his favor, and admitted
+him to take his seat. He was the first Democrat ever elected to Congress
+from the Sixth District of Maryland and was re-elected in 1817, and
+again in 1828. He served several terms in the State Legislature and in
+1855 was elected by the Democratic Party a Commissioner of Public Works
+for the State of Maryland.
+
+He was a man six feet in height, straight as an arrow, and of splendid
+physique.
+
+He was married three times. His first wife was Ann Plater, daughter of
+Governor Plater of Maryland; his second, Agnes Freeland, and his third,
+Sarah Norfleet Freeland of Petersburg, Virginia.
+
+Major Peter was one of the largest landowners and farmers in Montgomery
+County and carried on those farms up to the date of his death, which
+occurred at Montanvert, near Darnestown, June 22, 1861. He was nearly
+eighty-two.
+
+[Illustration: MAJOR GEORGE PETER]
+
+[Illustration: JUDGE JAMES DUNLOP]
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM REDIN]
+
+His three sons by his third marriage were: George, who became an eminent
+lawyer in Rockville; Alexander, who lived and farmed near Darnestown;
+Armistead, who practised medicine many years in Georgetown; and Walter
+Gibson Peter, who met the heroic and tragic death I have already spoken
+of. Dr. Peter had been sent to Georgetown to live with his aunt, Mrs.
+Dick, to receive his medical education under Dr. Riley.
+
+In 1827 George Peter sold this house, 3017 N Street, to John Laird,
+evidently for his son, William, who made it his home until 1834, when it
+was bought by Miss Elizabeth Dick, but she apparently changed her mind
+and decided to live with her niece, for she sold it the same year to
+William Redin.
+
+Mr. Redin was an Englishman from Lincolnshire, who had come to America
+about 1817. He was an attorney, and I have heard very old people refer
+to him as "Lawyer Redin," and speak of the green baize bag which he
+always carried back and forth to his office, the forerunner of the
+present-day brief case, and I know an old lady who can remember him in
+his pew in Christ Church. He had five daughters and one son. The young
+man, Richard Wright Redin, soon after his graduation from Princeton,
+fell a victim to cholera, that terrible disease brought to George Town
+in its ships. It also carried off a young sister, Fanny, who was a
+little beauty, and only about eighteen.
+
+Mr. Redin was a friend of Henry Foxall, and named his youngest daughter
+Catherine Foxall.
+
+During the Civil War, Mr. Redin was a Union sympathizer, and when
+President Lincoln removed Judge Dunlop from the bench, he offered the
+Justiceship to Mr. Redin, but he refused to take the office of his old
+friend and neighbor across the street. In 1863, he was made the first
+Auditor of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.
+
+One of his married daughters was living, during the Civil War, not far
+from Culpeper, Virginia, almost on the battlefield. She died when only
+thirty-seven, from the fact that no medicines could be gotten for her;
+nor could a minister be found to bury her, so her eldest daughter,
+seventeen, read the burial service over her mother.
+
+There were seven of these motherless children left--the eldest three all
+very pretty girls. It was quite impossible for them to remain in their
+home, so their grandfather got permission for them to come to
+Washington. They came, wearing sunbonnets, and traveling all day long in
+a box-car from Culpeper to Alexandria, a distance of only fifty miles.
+There they had to spend the night at a hotel until they could pass
+through the lines. The Union officer in charge of them slept outside
+their door that night.
+
+Not very long after their arrival, Martha Kennon, of Tudor Place, came
+to see the eldest girl. They had been at school together a few years
+before, at Miss Harrover's. She suggested that they should go "over to
+the city" together. On the way down to Bridge (M) Street to take the
+omnibus, they found they had no small change to pay their fare, so
+Martha said: "Never mind, I have a cousin in a store near here. He will
+change our money or lend us some." They went to him and she introduced
+my father to my mother!
+
+This was the old Vanderwerken omnibus that ran along Bridge (M) Street
+and Pennsylvania Avenue, which became the Capital Traction Company, and
+now the Capital Transit Company.
+
+I have often heard my mother tell of how the Southern girls would not
+walk under the Stars and Stripes hanging out from the hospital in the
+Seminary. They would cross to the other side of the street, and when the
+Union officers passed, they held aside their skirts. She has also
+described to me how the city was hung with black when Abraham Lincoln
+was killed.
+
+Mr. Redin bequeathed his house to his only unmarried daughter,
+Catherine. She married later, and sold the house in 1873 and regretted
+it bitterly, to such an extent that she went into melancholia and
+committed suicide by taking poison. For a while it was Miss Lipscomb's
+School for Young Ladies, then it was bought by John D. Smoot, and his
+family lived there many years.
+
+In 1915 Colonel W. E. P. French purchased the property. He leased it
+during the World War I to Honorable Newton D. Baker, then Secretary of
+War. At that time Georgetown had hardly begun to be fashionable again,
+and on first coming to Washington and hunting for a house, Mrs. Baker
+told a friend she was discouraged trying to find one with a yard where
+her three children could play, and that she thought they would have to
+go to Fort Myer. The friend answered in a tone of deep commiseration,
+"Too bad! You will have to pass through Georgetown!"
+
+Another anecdote of somewhat the same tone was told me by an old lady
+who has lived all her life in one of the loveliest old Georgetown
+houses. Many years ago, while the street cars were still drawn by
+horses, she was in a car sitting opposite two women, one of whom was
+pointing out the sights to the other. They passed Dupont Circle, where
+she showed the Leiter house, etc., and as they crossed P Street Bridge,
+she said, "Now we are coming into Georgetown where nobody lives but
+colored people and a few white people who can't get away."
+
+On the next block east is a little house, entirely changed now, which
+used to be very quaint in its appearance when it was covered with white
+plaster and approached by a sort of causeway from the sidewalk. It had
+belonged to Henry Foxall, though, of course, he never lived there.
+
+On the southwest corner of Gay (N) and Greene (29th) Streets stands the
+house that was originally the property of John Davidson. Then Mrs.
+Williamson, a daughter of old Dr. Balch made her home here, followed by
+her daughter, Mrs. Hasle. Next door, on the west, lived the son, Joseph
+Williamson, whose wife was Marian Woods. Then the Howell family lived
+there, and from them, Colonel Harrison Howell Dodge, who was
+superintendent of Mount Vernon for over forty years, got his name. Later
+the house was rented to Mr. and Mrs. John Worthington, whose daughter,
+Lilah, married Mr. Henry Philip in April, 1865. She went to live at 3406
+R Street.
+
+A few years ago a gentleman who was an artist bought the house and
+changed the windows on the first floor front--to give more light for his
+studio, I was told.
+
+The picturesque house on the northeast corner is always called "Admiral
+Weaver's house." The back portion is very old, and "they say" there is a
+ghost somewhere about. In the spring the hedge of Japanese quince here
+is a thing of beauty with its flaming color.
+
+On the next block eastward at number 2812 is the house with a very
+beautiful doorway and a very interesting association. It was built in
+1779, and was at one time the home of Judge Morsell, but it was called
+the Decatur house. There is the Decatur house on Lafayette Square in
+Washington, but we know that Admiral Decatur's widow left it after he
+was killed in the duel with Commodore James Barron, near Bladensburg, on
+March 22, 1820, and came to live in Georgetown. Tradition has persisted
+that this was the house she lived in. These parts of two letters written
+by Mrs. Basil Hall, in 1827, are from a volume called _The Aristocratic
+Journey_, being her letters home to her sister in Edinburgh:
+
+    January 4: ... I had a note to-night from a lady whom I had
+    considerable curiosity to see, Mrs. Decatur, the widow of Commodore
+    Decatur. I brought a letter to her from Mrs. MacTavish at Baltimore
+    and sent it yesterday along with our cards. In this note she
+    acknowledged the receipt of it, but excuses herself from calling
+    upon me, "as peculiar circumstances attending a domestic affliction
+    she has suffered makes it impossible for her to come to Washington."
+    She asked us to spend the evening of the tenth with her, or any
+    other evening that suits us better, a very kind note, in short, and
+    we have promised to go on the eleventh. I knew that she would not
+    return my visit before I came. The reason of this peculiarity is
+    that her husband was killed in a duel, and she fears if she were to
+    go into company either morning or evening she might meet his second,
+    who she considers as having been very much to blame, or his
+    antagonist. Now all this is very natural, and I only object to it
+    because somehow she appears to have made her reasons too much the
+    subject of conversation, which is very unlike real feeling. She sees
+    a great deal of company at home. Her note smells so detestably of
+    musk that it quite perfumes the room and was like to make me sick,
+    so we had sealed it up in an envelope, but it shall go along with
+    the next of the scraps.
+
+    January 6: We have had today weather much more like June than
+    January, most extraordinary for this climate, where at this season
+    there is generally severe frost and snow. I went out with a cloak on
+    but speedily returned and exchanged that for a silk handkerchief
+    tied round my throat, which was as much as I could bear. Yesterday,
+    the fifth, we walked off by eleven o'clock to visit Mrs. Decatur,
+    who lives at Georgetown, which is separated from Washington only by
+    a little creek, across which there is a shabby enough tumble-down
+    looking wooden bridge. There is so thick a fog that we could not see
+    three yards before us, "quite English weather," as our friends here
+    tell us, but not disagreeable to my mind as it was very mild. At the
+    door of Mrs. Decatur's house we met General Van Rensselear, "the
+    Patroon," who with his wife and daughter is now here. He went in
+    with us and introduced us to the lady of the mansion, who we found
+    dressed in very becoming weeds, and she gave us an extremely cordial
+    reception. She is a pretty, pleasing-looking person and very
+    animated, with no appearance of woe except the outward sign of cap
+    and gown. We sat some time with her and walked home....
+
+If only Mrs. Hall had been able to say where the house was to which they
+walked from across Rock Creek on that balmy day in January!
+
+These other letters which follow are written to a young man then
+beginning to make his way in the world, who certainly was possessed of a
+most attractive personality, and it is not surprising that the widow
+might have been rather "setting her cap" for him.
+
+    My dear Mr. Corcoran:
+
+    If you should find yourself destitute of amusement this evening,
+    while the belles are at church, I beg you to come and listen to some
+    of my lamentations.
+
+    Yours sincerely, S. DECATUR.
+
+    My dear Mr. Corcoran:
+
+    I am happy to say that I can take you under my wing today, on the
+    way to heaven, and I pray you to call for me at ten o'clock.
+
+    Yours sincerely, S. DECATUR.
+
+    Union Hotel, Monday morning.
+
+    My dear Mr. Corcoran:
+
+    The Iturbides have deferred their visit until Wednesday evening and
+    I hope you will be able to come and meet them, with your sister and
+    Colonel Thomas.
+
+    Yours sincerely, S. DECATUR.
+
+    If you have a moment to spare this evening I pray you to come and
+    tell me how your brother's family are after this dreadful alarm.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: The destruction of Mr. J. Corcoran's dwelling by fire.]
+
+As we know, it was of no avail, for he seems to have remained "fancy
+free" until he met and married Louise Morris.
+
+About 1828 Mrs. Decatur became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church
+through her close acquaintance with the Carroll family, it is thought.
+The latter part of her life was spent in a frame house on the brow of a
+hill about one hundred yards from Georgetown College, which she rented
+from Miss Hobbs. Here she died about 1860.
+
+Among the souvenirs of the college is the portrait of Commodore Decatur
+by Gilbert Stuart, his ivory chess-board and men, and his jeweled
+toothpick box. The grave of Mrs. Decatur was discovered some time ago in
+the cemetery of Georgetown College. It had been overgrown and neglected
+and forgotten.
+
+So had this part of Georgetown, until Admiral and Mrs. Spencer Wood
+bought 2808 and brought it back to its pristine glory. This house was
+built by John Stoddert Haw, nephew of Benjamin Stoddert, one of the
+founders of Christ Church, of which many of his descendants are still
+pillars. When the Woods lived here, there was at the back of the house a
+very lovely, unusual green garden, which gave a feeling of restfulness
+not always produced by a riot of glorious colors, opening off a paved
+area under a wide porch, like so many houses used to have.
+
+The old house at 2806 is now the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Walker. He is
+the curator of the National Gallery of Art. Thomas Beall of George sold
+the land to John M. Gannt in 1804, who may have built this lovely house.
+It was purchased by Elisha Williams in 1810; also owned by Thomas
+Robertson and Thomas Clarke in the first decade of the nineteenth
+century. In the 1920's it was the home of Mrs. Hare Lippincott.
+
+Across the street, at number 2723, a good many years ago, was where
+Thomas Harrison and his sister lived for a long time. Miss Virginia kept
+a little school for several years and her brother was a translator at
+the Naval Observatory until he was well up in his eighties. When he was
+over ninety he used to go out calling on Sunday afternoons, as spry as
+could be, and with his cheeks as rosy as pippins. They were a couple
+much beloved and typical of old-time days.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XI
+
+_The Three Philanthropists_
+
+
+George Town produced three eminent philanthropists: one whose
+benefactions were solely to Georgetown; a second, who became the
+greatest benefactor the City of Washington has ever had, and inaugurated
+the tremendous gifts to schools and colleges that have since become the
+fashion among men of great wealth; the third started his gifts at home,
+then crossed the ocean and made enormous contributions to the largest
+city in the world.
+
+The first one, Edward Magruder Linthicum, had a hardware store on the
+northwest corner of High (Wisconsin) Avenue and Bridge (M) Street, the
+business hub then, as now, of Georgetown. He was a trustee of the
+Methodist Church and member of the Town Council.
+
+He built the home at number 3019 P Street, which has such a beautiful
+doorway, and lived there until in 1846 he moved up on the Heights to The
+Oaks, for which he paid $11,000. William A. Gordon, in his book _Old
+Houses in Georgetown Heights_, says of him:
+
+    Mr. Linthicum was a prominent and prosperous merchant of the highest
+    type, a man of great civic activities, and deeply interested in
+    everything which tended to beautify the community. In his will by a
+    legacy of $50,000 he provided for the endowment of a school for the
+    free education of white boys of Georgetown in useful learning and in
+    the spirit and practice of Christian virtue being, as he expressed
+    it, convinced that knowledge and piety constitute the only assurance
+    of happiness and healthful progress to the human race and devoutly
+    recognizing the solemn duty to society which develops in its
+    members, and entertaining a serious desire to contribute in some
+    manner to the permanent welfare of the community, amongst whom my
+    life has been spent.
+
+    As a commentary on the length to which partisan feeling went in the
+    years succeeding the War Between the States, it may be stated that
+    efforts to have the Linthicum Institute incorporated by Congress
+    were prevented by Charles Sumner, Senator from Massachusetts, for
+    the reason that the benefits were confined to white youths.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD MAGRUDER LINTHICUM]
+
+The Linthicum Institute began its career in the lower floor of one side
+of the Curtis school building on P Street, opposite Saint John's Church.
+The name in large gold letters used to be there. The present building
+was erected about 1890 on the south side of O Street near 31st, the
+school occupying the lower floor, and Linthicum Hall, considered by the
+belles of the nineties to have the "best floor 'par excellence' for
+dancing anywhere," being the upper portion. I have been told it was the
+first night school in the District of Columbia.
+
+Mr. Linthicum was a very imposing looking gentleman, was married, but
+had no children. He and his wife adopted a daughter, Kate, who became
+Mrs. Dent, and I think it was in honor of her or her son that the little
+street called Dent Place, just below R and between 30th and 31st Streets
+was named when that part of Georgetown, then nicknamed "Cooke Park" was
+developed.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM WILSON CORCORAN]
+
+William Wilson Corcoran, the third son of Thomas Corcoran, was born in
+George Town on December 27, 1798, in his father's home on Bridge (M)
+Street. He attended Mr. Kirk's school, later Reverend Addison Belt's,
+in between, having been for a while a day scholar at Georgetown College.
+
+Contrary to his father's wishes for him to complete a classical
+education, at the age of seventeen he went into a dry goods store
+belonging to his brothers, James and Thomas. Two years later they
+established him in a small store of his own on the northwest corner of
+High (Wisconsin Avenue) and First (N) Streets. Again, two years later
+they all purchased a two-story brick house on the corner of Bridge (M)
+and Congress (31st) Streets and commenced a wholesale auction and
+commission business.
+
+In the depression of 1823, when very many firms went to the wall, they
+too had to give up and settled with all their creditors for fifty cents
+on the dollar.
+
+I think the aftermath of this story (which is the reason I have given it
+in detail) is most encouraging to this generation, struggling in the
+grip of the present depression, for the young man of twenty-five, after
+giving up four or five years to taking care of the business of his
+father, who was growing old, finally became connected with the Bank of
+Columbia, and in 1837 began a brokerage business in Washington in a
+little store 10 x 16 feet on Pennsylvania Avenue near 15th Street. He
+was so successful that he eventually took into partnership George W.
+Riggs, also of Georgetown, and changed the name to Corcoran and Riggs.
+In 1845 this firm purchased the old United States Bank on the corner of
+15th Street and New York Avenue. And so the Riggs National Bank, today
+one of the strongest banks in the United States, was born. A little
+later George W. Riggs retired and Elisha, his brother, was made a junior
+partner.
+
+In 1847 Mr. Corcoran sent to all people to whom he had been able to pay
+only 50% in his failure of 1823, the full amount due them, with
+interest, amounting to about forty-six thousand dollars, to their great
+surprise, as evidenced by letters I have read from them to him. Of all
+his great benefactions, this seems to me to have been the very finest
+thing he ever did.
+
+He must have been a man of very remarkable personality, witness his
+going to Europe, the first of the very, very many trips he made in his
+life, on one day's notice, and against much discouragement, persuading
+Thomas Baring of the great London banking firm of Baring Brothers, to
+assist him in a sale of five millions of government bonds. At that time
+the firm of Corcoran and Riggs took, on its own account, nearly all the
+loans made by the United States.
+
+On his return to New York he was greeted by everyone with enthusiasm, as
+this was the first sale of American securities abroad since 1837--eleven
+years.
+
+In April, 1854, Mr. Corcoran withdrew from the firm, thinking he had
+made enough money, and spent the rest of his long life of ninety
+years--forty-five years more--spending his money in a manner unknown
+before that time.
+
+Apropos of his money-making faculty, I have often been told by my aunt
+how her father, Henry Dunlop, when a boy, was walking along the street
+with young Corcoran, just his own age, when Henry, whose family was
+rather well-off in those days, seeing a penny lying on the pavement,
+kicked it ahead of him in his stride, as boys will do, but young
+Corcoran, stooping down, put it in his pocket saying, "Henry, you will
+never be a rich man." That prophecy came true, for Henry spent his life
+in farming, and you know what that means!
+
+Among Mr. Corcoran's very first benefactions were gifts to the town of
+his birth. First of all a fund of $10,000 to be spent for firewood,
+etc., for the poor. It was left to the town authorities, but was
+administered by the Benevolent Society.
+
+In 1849 he gave beautiful Oak Hill Cemetery, lying along the northern
+limit of the town. To me no other cemetery that I have ever seen in this
+country or abroad has the same natural beauty of slopes and trees--in
+the spring bedecked like a bride in flowering white shrubs; in the fall
+its towering oak trees aflame with shades of crimson.
+
+I suppose what impressed on him the need of a cemetery for Georgetown so
+deeply was the death of his beloved wife in 1840. It had been a very
+romantic marriage. She was Louise Morris, the daughter of Commodore
+Charles Morris. Mr. Corcoran met his wife when she was sixteen and he
+was thirty-six. On the 23rd of December, 1835, they eloped, accompanied
+by Mr. Corcoran's sister-in-law, Mrs. James Corcoran, who later became
+the second wife of John Marbury, senior, and to the day of her death was
+greatly beloved by Mr. Corcoran. When she was lying in her coffin on
+14th Street, he came there and although somewhat lamed by paralysis and
+nearly ninety years of age, he insisted upon climbing the long flight of
+stairs to the room where she lay, saying over and over as he toiled up
+the many steps: "I must see Harriet once more!" I suppose in his mind he
+was living over the great event in his life when she helped to secure
+for him the only love of his life. And so pitifully short a time he had
+her, for only five years afterwards, when she was twenty-one, she died
+of tuberculosis. In those short years she had had three children,
+Harriet Louise, Louise Morris, and Charles Morris. Of these the middle
+child, Louise, was the only one to grow up.
+
+Although Commodore Morris had greatly disapproved of his daughter's
+marriage, which was very natural as at that time he was one of the most
+eminent officers of the United States Navy, and Mr. Corcoran had not
+then entered on the career which eventually made him the most
+distinguished private citizen of the capital of the nation, he grew to
+greatly admire and respect his son-in-law. For there are preserved in _A
+Grandfather's Legacy_, a collection of letters received by Mr. Corcoran,
+and compiled by him before his death, several letters from Charles
+Morris, showing the deepest trust and affection.
+
+I suppose there was never a daughter more beloved and petted than Louise
+Morris Corcoran. Her father seemed to expend on her all the affection of
+his great big heart, and she seems to have been a very lovely character.
+When she was about ten years old she fell overboard from a vessel and
+was only saved from drowning by the quickness and skill of Gurdon B.
+Smith. Among these letters are several in regard to this incident, for
+Mr. Corcoran, in his gratitude for this merciful deliverance, sent
+through an agent, $1,000 to Mr. Smith, an artisan, who was very grateful
+and considered he had received a fortune. But, not satisfied with that,
+Mr. Corcoran secured an appointment as lighthouse keeper for Mr. Smith
+at a point not far from his home, a life position with a good salary,
+but Mr. Smith refused it as he seemed perfectly satisfied with his
+circumstances.
+
+Mr. Corcoran's money doubled and trebled and quadrupled, and the
+following letter shows how his judgment was sought on political as well
+as financial questions:
+
+    My dear Sir:
+
+    I wish you would come to my house about 8 this evening and tell me,
+    in five words, what are the best reasons to be given to friends of
+    the administration for not passing the sub-treasury bill at present.
+
+    Yours,
+    D. WEBSTER.
+
+He had a close friendship with Edward Everett, senator from
+Massachusetts, who was frequently his guest. He and ex-President
+Fillmore traveled abroad together. The letters he received from many of
+the great of the earth make very interesting reading. By the middle of
+the nineteenth century this Georgetown boy of rather modest parentage
+was living in a very fine house in Washington, in great elegance,
+entertaining everyone of any importance who came to the capital. There
+is on record now a letter from a gentleman in England, bringing to his
+attention the coming of the new Minister and his wife from Great
+Britain, Lord and Lady Napier. Although, as he had said "he knows he
+will receive a great deal of attention, yet he wishes Mr. Corcoran,
+particularly to honor them." He was consulted by presidents for his
+opinion on financial matters. Baron Humboldt, the great German
+geographer, kept up a correspondence with him to the day of his death.
+
+After a brilliant girlhood, Louise Corcoran had married the Honorable
+George Eustis of New Orleans, representative in Congress. When the Civil
+War came and shattered all existing social ties, Mr. Eustis, of course,
+took the Southern side, as did Mr. Corcoran. Mr. Eustis, who had been
+appointed Confederate Secretary of Legation at the same time that the
+Honorable John Slidell was appointed Minister to France, after being
+held a prisoner in Maine, went over to France, where he was joined by
+his wife. Neither ever returned to this country. They made their home
+there, their three children were born there, they died there, were
+finally brought back and buried in Oak Hill under the beautiful little
+Doric temple Mr. Corcoran had erected for his first Louise.
+
+Those three grandchildren then became his pride and joy. But more and
+more he absorbed himself in his benefactions. It is impossible to tell
+all of them. Beginning with his gift of Oak Hill to Georgetown in 1849,
+in 1850 a loan to the Roman Catholic Church there which, like all of his
+loans, he eventually turned into gifts; in 1851 he gave an organ to the
+Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, saying he knew of nothing better
+than to give music to those whose souls were so troubled. About this
+time he gave the lot for the Washington City Orphan Asylum, and a little
+later the one for the Y. M. C. A. For many years he had been collecting
+painting and sculpture, both on his trips to Europe and from the various
+persons who wrote to him soliciting his patronage. These were at first
+kept in his own house, but then he decided to build a gallery and give
+them to the City of Washington, so he erected the building on
+Pennsylvania Avenue at the corner of 17th Street, directly opposite the
+State, War and Navy Building. It was just nearing completion when the
+Civil War began and was taken over by the United States Government as an
+annex to the War Department, so that it was not until 1869 that it was
+opened as the Corcoran Gallery of Art. In 1897 the collection was moved
+to the beautiful new building lower down on 17th Street and was formally
+opened on February 22nd by a brilliant reception at which were President
+and Mrs. Cleveland and all of their Cabinet.
+
+Above the doorway of the old building, in the stone, is still seen a
+carved medallion with W. W. C. intertwined.
+
+Just about that time, also, Mr. Corcoran began to build another of his
+beneficent gifts to the city. His beloved daughter had died, and the
+city and the country was filled with ladies who had been made penniless
+by the cruel fratricidal war. In 1871 he turned over to the trustees the
+Louise Home on Massachusetts Avenue, between 15th and 16th Streets, as a
+home for gentlewomen, the only requirements being enough money to
+furnish their own clothes and their burial expenses, even lots in Oak
+Hill were reserved for them after the Louise Home failed to suffice. It
+was very natural that for a long time its clientele was largely made up
+of Southerners, as there were very, very many more of them impoverished
+at that time, and also Mr. Corcoran was himself in sympathy with the
+Confederates. It is said he saved his house from confiscation by renting
+it to the French Minister.
+
+Many, very many, were the letters he received thanking him for the help
+he had sent to widows and orphans of soldiers of the South. He founded
+homes of that kind in Charleston, South Carolina, and in other places,
+besides rendering assistance most tactfully in many private cases. Many
+of these letters are very touching in their gratitude.
+
+His friendship for James Mason, of the Mason and Slidell affair, was
+close, as was his very real association with General Robert E. Lee,
+witnessed by letters from General Lee during his life in Lexington,
+Virginia, after the war, and from Dr. William Pendleton, General Lee's
+rector there, and from Mrs. Lee in regard to General Lee's death.
+
+He and General Lee spent several summers at the "Old White," as the
+Greenbriar White Sulphur Springs was then affectionately known. As the
+years rolled on, Anthony Hyde, a Georgetown man, was kept busy
+administering the benefactions of his employer. He has told how during a
+trip through the South after the war, with Mr. Corcoran (he was his
+secretary), he had difficulty in keeping Mr. Corcoran's gifts within
+bounds. I was told not long ago by a man in the employ of Oak Hill, how
+an old street-car conductor had described to him the sight of Mr.
+Corcoran going to his office, and on the sidewalk in front of it each
+morning was a line to which he always dispensed "green money," as the
+old man called it.
+
+The business of his life then was judiciously giving away his money.
+Here are some of the ways he did it: colleges had always appealed to
+him, and he was for many years Rector of Columbian University in
+Washington, now renamed George Washington, and gave freely to it. His
+name is now borne by one of their largest and best buildings, Corcoran
+Hall. He gave to the Maryland Agricultural College, to the College of
+William and Mary in Virginia, loaned money to the Virginia Military
+Institute and when the bonds came due, tore them up--a little way he
+had. To Washington and Lee University, also in Lexington, he gave
+$20,000 besides the library purchased from the widow of Nathaniel
+Howard, thus, it helped in the getting as well as in the giving.
+
+His portrait hangs in the little chapel in Lexington where lies the body
+of his friend, Robert Edward Lee. To the University of Virginia he gave
+$100,000 which endowed two chairs, also giving $5,000 to resuscitate the
+library which had suffered during the war and the period following, from
+being unable to procure any new books.
+
+He was one of the first people to subscribe to the fund being raised by
+certain ladies to purchase Mount Vernon, after the Washington family
+found themselves unable to keep it up and offered it to the United
+States Government, which refused to buy and preserve it.
+
+The Episcopal Church of the Ascension on the corner of 12th Street and
+Massachusetts Avenue was built almost entirely with his money. William
+Pinckney, its rector when it was begun, was very devoted to Mr.
+Corcoran. He afterwards became Bishop of Maryland. It worried him
+exceedingly that Mr. Corcoran had never become a confirmed member and
+communicant of the church. Many are the long and eloquent letters he
+wrote to him on the subject. Finally, in his old age, the old gentleman
+did come forward and be confirmed. The friendship between these two
+seems to have been very sweet. The Bishop was a simple soul, a great
+lover of flowers and birds. He was always sending gifts of grapes to his
+wealthy friend, from Bladensburg. He now rests not far from his friend
+in Oak Hill. The inscription on his stone, which is surmounted by his
+statue reads thus:
+
+    WILLIAM PINCKNEY, D. D., L L. D.
+
+    APRIL 17, 1820
+    JULY 4, 1883
+
+    Guileless and fearless.
+
+All through his life Mr. Corcoran was a very sociable person. He always
+loved to play whist and in the last years of his life his nephews and
+nieces and great-nephews and great-nieces used to go often to play with
+him and pass the long evenings. A friend of mine remembers being taken
+as a little girl, with her grandmother, to call on him. She was
+fascinated by the room where he sat, which had medallions of children's
+heads, set at intervals into the paneling of the walls. She said he told
+her they were his grandchildren. She loved looking at them and was
+distressed when told to go out in the garden to play.
+
+That garden to the house where he lived for many years and where he
+died, stood on H Street at the corner of Connecticut Avenue. Daniel
+Webster had lived there before him. The flowering trees in the spring
+hung over the high brick wall on the Connecticut Avenue side and
+gladdened the hearts of all who saw them. It was a sad day for
+Washington, historically, when that whole square was reconstructed. If
+only one could endow old houses!
+
+At last, on the 24th of February, 1888, W. W. Corcoran, as he was always
+known, was laid to rest in his own beautiful Oak Hill. I remember as a
+little girl standing at the window of my home facing 31st Street and
+hearing the bell of near-by Christ Church toll ninety strokes as
+carriage after carriage passed slowly up the hill. My brother and I
+counted them, and there were ninety-nine.
+
+George Peabody, the third of my trio of philanthropists who got their
+start in Georgetown, was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, on February 18,
+1795. He was descended from an old yeoman family of Hertfordshire,
+England, named Pabody or Pebody. At eleven years he was an apprentice in
+a grocery store, and at fifteen, by his father's death, he was left an
+orphan and was cheerfully helping to support his mother and sisters. He
+soon after left Danvers and became an assistant to his uncle in his
+business in Georgetown. When he was seventeen he served as a volunteer
+in the War of 1812 in the artillery company of Major George Peter
+against the British, which is interesting, as in later life he was
+offered a baronetcy by Queen Victoria, which he refused.
+
+[Illustration: GEORGE PEABODY]
+
+After the war, when he was about nineteen, he became a partner with
+Elisha Riggs in a dry goods store in Georgetown and through his energy
+and skill the business increased tremendously. They moved to Baltimore,
+and when his partner retired, about 1830, he found himself, according to
+_The Encyclopædia Britannica_, at the head of one of the largest
+mercantile concerns in the world. About seven years afterwards he
+established himself in London as a merchant and money-broker at Wonford
+Court in the city, and in 1843 he withdrew from the American business.
+
+He was never married. He was a very intimate friend of Mr. Corcoran's,
+and in several letters to him speaks jokingly of himself as a confirmed
+old bachelor, and in one flouts the idea that he is attentive to a
+certain lady, saying that he never but once seriously thought of
+marriage.
+
+Of course, he and Mr. Corcoran were near the same age and were both
+making their way as young men here in Georgetown at the same time, and
+it is very interesting to follow, from many letters, how their
+friendship continued through all their lives.
+
+Mr. Peabody made frequent visits to his homeland, and used often to
+visit Mr. Corcoran at his home in Washington, and to spend the summers
+with him at the White Sulphur Springs.
+
+When hearing of the beginning of the great gifts of his friend on this
+side of the water, he wrote in October, 1851:
+
+    However liberal I may be over here, I can not keep pace with your
+    noble acts of charity at home; but one of these days I mean to come
+    out, and then if my feelings regarding money don't change and I have
+    plenty, I shall become a strong competitor of yours in benevolence.
+
+He certainly made good his words. In London he entertained in princely
+style. The following letter is one of the many telling of his parties
+there:
+
+    London, May 16, 1853.
+
+    My dear Corcoran:
+
+    On the 18th I am to give a grand banquet to the American Minister
+    and about sixty-five English and eighty-five American ladies and
+    gentlemen, and have invited about fifty more for the evening. Mr.
+    Van Buren will be of the party and I hope to make it the best dinner
+    party I have ever given, as I have the Star and Garter, Richmond,
+    and the proprietor has no limit. I enclose you the programme of
+    music during and after dinner.
+
+    I have taken the house--Star and Garter--for a Fourth of July dinner
+    to gentlemen only, and expect about 150. I hear from Mr. Ingersoll
+    that your friend, Mr. Buchanan, will leave in June. Now, although I
+    only know Mr. Buchanan from his high character and what you say of
+    him, particularly as he is unmarried, and I would like to invite the
+    party for the fourth of July to meet "the American Minister, Mr.
+    Ingersoll, and the new Minister, Mr. Buchanan." Will you confer with
+    Mr. Buchanan on receipt of this and try to get me permission to give
+    the invitations as I propose? If Mr. Buchanan leaves 13th or 16th
+    June, he will arrive in ample time.
+
+    Very truly,
+
+    GEORGE PEABODY.
+
+In 1867 he gave $15,000 to found the Peabody Library in Georgetown. A
+large donation was given by him to the second Grinnell Arctic
+Expedition. The museum in Salem, Massachusetts, called by his name, is a
+fascinating collection of historic relics. To his birthplace he gave
+50,000 pounds ($250,000) for educational purposes; for the Peabody
+Institute in Baltimore 200,000 pounds ($1,000,000.00); to the trustees
+of the Peabody Educational Fund to promote education in the Southern
+States (part went to Washington and Lee University in Lexington). A dear
+old cousin of mine has told me of his visit to the White Sulphur to
+confer with Mr. Corcoran and Mr. Peabody on this subject. The thing he
+is remembered for in London is the erection of a huge block of model
+houses for working people at a cost of 500,000 pounds ($2,500,000). I
+suppose it was then that Queen Victoria wished to do him honor.
+
+His true nature remained untainted by success, and Gladstone said of
+him: "He taught the world how a man may be master of his fortune, and
+not its slave."
+
+In 1867 the Congress of the United States awarded him a special vote of
+thanks, and two years later, when he died in London on the 4th of
+November 1869, his body was brought home to America on a British
+warship, to be buried in Danvers, the town of his birth, now renamed
+Peabody in his honor.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XII
+
+_The Seminary, Washington (30th) Street and Dumbarton Avenue_
+
+
+Nowadays, all to the east of here bordering on Rock Creek has been made
+into a park and playground, and some attractive houses built overlooking
+them.
+
+On the southeast corner of Montgomery (28th) Street and Dumbarton
+Avenue, the large brick building now used as a colored Temple of Islam
+was where Henry Addison, who had been mayor, was living when he died in
+1870.
+
+This house later was the home of General Christopher Colon Augur. One
+night he came out on his porch to remonstrate with a crowd of negroes
+gathered on this corner and making a disturbance. He was promptly shot
+by one of them.
+
+Just east of here on Dumbarton Avenue at number 2720 is the home of the
+Alsop brothers, the well-known columnists, and a new Roman Catholic
+Church has been built for the colored people. There are six colored
+churches in the region hereabouts: This Catholic one, three Baptist
+churches, and two Methodists. Mount Zion Methodist on Greene (29th)
+Street is over a hundred years old. In the nineties, there were two men
+in the choir there, one an exceptional organist and the other, who had a
+very fine bass voice; he later went to Paris.
+
+From this point to Rock Creek is the district that was known as Herring
+Hill, a synonym in the minds of old residents for the negro district. It
+got its name from the fact that in the spring great quantities of
+herring came up this far into the creek from the river, and were caught
+in large numbers.
+
+I think this account, by Mr. William A. Gordon, of some of the customs
+of the negroes in the years gone by is very attractive and interesting:
+
+    Christmas was the great time for the negroes. Ordinarily, they were
+    not allowed in the streets after the town bell rang at nine o'clock
+    at night, but at Christmas this restriction was removed, and as
+    midnight approached, bands of them would go through the streets
+    singing hymns and carols before the houses of their white friends.
+    The next morning the leader of the band called at the house and
+    received a token of appreciation in the way of small coin.
+
+    On May Day there was a parade of the negro drivers; many drove
+    carts, drays and wagons, for on that day they had holiday, and
+    paraded with wagons and horses adorned with ribbons, flowers and
+    bright papers, the drivers wearing long white aprons, and headed by
+    a band. They would then go to the woods and feast, dance and sing.
+
+At the southeast corner of Dumbarton Avenue and Greene (29th) Street,
+the four little yellow houses made into one make the home of Drew
+Pearson, the widely-known columnist and commentator--co-author with
+Robert S. Allen of the original "Washington Merry-Go-Round."
+
+A block west, on the southeast corner of Washington (30th) Street is a
+fine old house where Mrs. James Cassin lived as a wealthy widow during
+the 1850's. She was Tabitha Ann Deakins, of that old family so prominent
+in the making of the town.
+
+James Cassin had come from Ireland to the City of Baltimore when he was
+about twenty years of age, on account of religious troubles, the motive
+which sent so many emigrants to the new country. He then moved over to
+this thriving seaport, married and settled, leaving his wife a very
+young widow with three sons. One of them, John, went far from home to
+live, and his mother's letters to him contain a great deal of
+interesting gossip. In one she tells that Margaret McVean has gone to
+Baltimore to buy her wedding dress, and, horror of horrors, has allowed
+the groom, Dr. Louis Mackall, to accompany her. Of course a chaperone
+was in the party, but what an indelicate thing for the groom to know
+anything about the wedding clothes! She ends with, "What are the young
+people coming to?" How often have we heard those same words in recent
+years. Of course in those days, a bride went into deep retirement for a
+week before the fateful day, not going out into the street at all, and
+as for seeing the groom on the day until she met him at the altar, that
+was simply unthinkable!
+
+Margaret McVean was the daughter of the Reverend James McVean, who was
+born near Johnstown, New York, in 1796. He was a graduate of Union
+College in 1813, and of Princeton in 1819. It was said that he spoke
+seven languages with fluency and that the chair of Greek at Princeton
+was always open to him. He came to Georgetown about 1820 and married
+Jane Maffitt Whann in 1828. For twenty years he was the principal of a
+classical seminary for boys in Georgetown, the same one founded by Dr.
+David Wiley. There a large number of young men were prepared for
+college, who afterwards attained distinction in various professions or
+government positions of trust and honor. He was for twenty-five years
+superintendent of the Presbyterian Sabbath School. He died July 8, 1847,
+and as a testimonial of respect, the Board of Common Council and
+Aldermen, of which he was a member, suspended business for eight days,
+and crêpe was worn on the arm for thirty days.
+
+Another of these letters of Mrs. Cassin's tells that her son, William
+Deakins Cassin, has just become engaged to "that harumscarum Mittie
+Tyler." She fears for their future. Mittie (Mary) Tyler was the daughter
+of dear old Dr. Tyler across the street.
+
+The mother-in-law's fears certainly did not materialize, for Mrs.
+Cassin, junior, lived a long and honored life. I remember her faintly
+when she was about eighty years old, with hair parted in the middle and
+combed down over each ear as "coal black as a raven's wing," as the old
+saying goes.
+
+They all seemed to marry their neighbors in those days, for Sue, another
+daughter of Dr. Tyler's married Granville Hyde across the street.
+
+The Hyde's house was next door to the Cassin's on the south. One can see
+that it is quite old, and it seems that it was built about 1798 by
+Charles Beatty, one of our old friends of the early days of George Town.
+He ran one of the ferries across the river to the Virginia shore. About
+1806 he had sold the house to Nicholas Hedges; then it went to James
+Belt in 1822, and to Joshua Stuart in 1832. Later, it was bought by Mr.
+Thomas Hyde, one of the early merchants of Georgetown. His son, Anthony
+continued to live there and was for many years secretary to Mr. W. W.
+Corcoran. Anthony Hyde was very musical and was part of the orchestra
+which furnished the music in Christ Church before it had an organ. Here
+grew up Mr. Thomas Hyde, who was very prominent in Riggs Bank and an
+early president of the Chevy Chase Club. He was a very distinguished
+looking man to the day of his death.
+
+On the northeast corner of Washington (30th) and Gay (N) Streets is
+where tradition says Ninian Beall built his hunting cabin when he landed
+here. That could be borne out by the fact that a very fine spring of
+water was on that property. Many, many years later the family of Judge
+Dunlop at 3014 N Street used to send for pitchers of water from that
+spring, as they had an inherited right to do so.
+
+The long, red building there, now the Colonial Apartments, is still
+spoken of as The Seminary. It was there that Miss Lydia English
+conducted her fashionable school for young ladies for many years before
+the Civil War. This was the school to which Andrew Johnson, while
+senator from Tennessee, sent his daughter. Years after, when he was
+being criticized for his defense of Roman Catholics, his enemies brought
+against him the fact that he had sent his daughter to a "convent" in
+Georgetown. They had confused the Visitation Convent with Miss English's
+Seminary. It is said that the roster of the patrons of this school in
+those _ante-bellum_ days included the names of the most famous men in
+the country.
+
+Among those names was that of Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri,
+nicknamed "Old Bullion," on account of his opposition to paper currency.
+He was one of the supporters of President Andrew Jackson in his war on
+the United States Bank. One of the pupils at the Seminary was his
+daughter, Jessie Benton, who afterwards became the wife of General C.
+Fremont, known as "The Pathfinder of the Rocky Mountains."
+
+[Illustration: MISS LYDIA ENGLISH]
+
+Miss English had large means of her own, which enabled her to keep her
+school going in spite of "ups and downs." But, when in need of advice,
+she would always turn to her near neighbor, James Cassin.
+
+At one time she had nine teachers besides herself. In 1835 she had 130
+pupils. It is said she was a stern headmistress, but she stood for all
+that was fine, and meant a great deal to Georgetown.
+
+There is a story told of old "Aunt Abby," whose business it was to sit
+behind the parlor door whenever the young ladies had gentlemen callers,
+and how reassuring was the sound of her deep snores. Another story goes
+that the young bloods of Georgetown used to gather on the opposite
+corner where there was a pump and pretend to be getting a drink of
+water, while they were really serenading the hidden charmers, and that
+sometimes billet-doux and sweetmeats were drawn up in baskets
+unbeknownst to the "powers that were."
+
+In 1859, Miss Harrover took over the school. The catalogue for that year
+calls it the Georgetown Female Seminary, and in the front is printed the
+following letter from Miss English:
+
+    To my former Pupils and their Parents, and to other Friends:
+
+    At the request of Miss Harrover, who, for two years past, has
+    satisfactorily conducted the Institution, over which I so long
+    presided, and the care of which I relinquished, only because the
+    condition of my health and hearing made it imperatively necessary. I
+    would state, that my interest in its prosperity is undiminished,
+    that I earnestly desire to see it flourish, and that as far as I
+    have it in my power, it is my wish to extend its usefulness.
+
+    In renting the Seminary, I retain my own suite of apartments, and
+    have never withdrawn my residence from it. So far as I have
+    influence, and opportunities, I endeavor to promote the improvement
+    and comfort of the inmates of this establishment. I can not but feel
+    a special interest in the children and other relatives of those who
+    in former years were under my care and instruction, and it affords
+    me much pleasure to see them pursuing their education within the
+    same establishment. I shall rejoice to see the number of these, in
+    the coming year greatly increased.
+
+    With kind greetings, and best wishes, I remain,
+
+    Yours respectfully,
+
+    June 20, 1859.            L. S. ENGLISH.
+
+Among the names of the pupils I find that of my mother, and many more
+familiar to me all of my life.
+
+When the first battle of Bull Run was fought, with such disastrous
+results to the Union Army, this building was immediately taken over by
+the United States government as a hospital, and Dr. Armistead Peter,
+although a Southern sympathizer, was drafted to be in charge of it. An
+old lady has told me how she was brought by her nurse on that Monday in
+July, the day after the battle, to watch the unloading of the wagons
+full of maimed and bleeding soldiers.
+
+The row of frame houses across the street, on N Street, was built at
+that time as barracks for the non-commissioned officers on duty at the
+hospital.
+
+Apparently, after the war, Miss Harrover never resumed her school, as,
+in 1870, it was being used as an apartment house. I rather think it must
+be the oldest apartment house in the District.
+
+The part of the building on the corner was torn down several years ago
+and the Edes Home built. It is a home for Georgetown widows. As the
+money for it was left by Miss Margaret Edes, who was certainly never a
+widow, and the wording of her will said "for the indigent widows of
+Georgetown," many people think it was a mistake and was meant to read
+"the indigent women of Georgetown."
+
+Just across the street from the Seminary stands the house which was "Old
+Dr. Tyler's" home. First of all, it was the home of George W. Riggs;
+after that, for many, many years, that of Dr. Grafton Tyler, the beloved
+physician. He was a native of southern Maryland, and a cousin of
+President Tyler.
+
+During his long life Dr. Tyler enjoyed many honors of high professional
+distinction and was the intimate friend and companion of distinguished
+statesmen, jurists, and scholars.
+
+In those days doctors took families at "so much" a year, including the
+slaves. Not long ago I heard this story about the dear old doctor. For
+years and years he had attended a family where there was an addition
+almost annually, and he had never sent a bill. Finally, when they were
+all nearly grown, the father inherited a nice little sum of money. Not
+long afterwards Dr. Tyler was called in for a slight illness. When the
+first of the year came round Dr. Tyler sent a bill. The morning after
+its receipt the father burst into the doctor's office in a rage, "What
+did he mean by sending him a bill? Tut, tut!" And there the matter
+ended.
+
+[Illustration: DR. GRAFTON TYLER]
+
+For a great many years Dr. Tyler was the physician for Georgetown
+College. It is still a tradition in the family about the turkeys and
+the very delicious raisin bread that came every Christmas from the
+priests.
+
+His son, Dr. Walter Bowie Tyler, followed him, but not for long, as he
+had consumption, as tuberculosis was called in those days. He was asked
+to be pall-bearer at the funeral of a young lady who, as a dying
+request, asked to be carried up to Oak Hill because she had a horror of
+being put in a hearse. Dr. Tyler struggled along for two or three blocks
+when my father, who was very fond of him, stepped in, pushed him aside
+and finished the journey.
+
+On the block above, on Washington (30th) Street, in a white, frame house
+on the west side of the street, lived Captain de la Roche, who was the
+architect of Oak Hill Cemetery and of Saint John's Church where he was a
+vestryman when it was remodeled in 1840. Apropos of that, several years
+ago while I was living away from Georgetown for a short period of years,
+on one of my return visits, I was standing on the corner of Dumbarton
+Avenue and 31st Street waiting for a street-car. The wait was long and I
+looked about me up and down the streets, to the westward, above the tree
+tops was an object totally strange to my Georgetown eyes, a church
+steeple of the somewhat Bulfinch type. I reasoned that it could not be
+anything but the steeple of Saint John's, but I knew I had never seen it
+look like that--it had always resembled a large pepper pot more than
+anything else. Upon inquiry, I found that not long before the vestry of
+Saint John's had found that some repairs were necessary on the tower, so
+one of their number, a civil engineer, ascended with an architect and
+while hunting around, they discovered part of the original tower still
+there, inclosed in the more modern square building. It was torn away
+and the old church now bears part of its original headdress. Only the
+lower story of the tower remains as the smaller ones which used to
+surmount it had, of course, been lost.
+
+Captain and Mrs. de la Roche had three daughters; two of them had
+married officers in the United States Army. When the Civil War came
+their sympathies were with the South. One husband promptly resigned and
+went with the Confederates. The other would not resign but his wife,
+being a very resourceful person, kept after him, not being able to stand
+having a husband in the hated Yankee army, until, during a temporary
+illness, she got him discharged as not fit for marching.
+
+Captain de la Roche having died, his widow was forced to take boarders
+at her table, and several of the Union officers availed themselves of
+the bountiful Southern fare. After a while the youngest daughter, who
+was a red-hot rebel, found herself deeply in love with a young Yankee
+doctor. I wonder if he was on duty at the hospital in the Seminary down
+the street? An engagement followed and the marriage was imminent, but
+she could not bring herself to confess to her friends that she was about
+to become the wife of one of the despised soldiers. Finally her mother
+told her she must at least tell Mrs. Cassin, their neighbor on the
+corner, who was very devoted to her. So she summoned all her courage and
+marched down the street. After a great deal of humming and hawing, she
+finally got out the news and asked Mrs. Cassin to come to the quiet
+wedding at the home next day, but said, "Please don't tell Mittie until
+it is over."
+
+Around the corner from Washington (30th) Street, at 3018 Dumbarton
+Avenue, is the house that Mr. George Green built for his large family,
+when he sold his place, "Forrest Hill," which was part of Rosedale, to
+President Cleveland for his summer home. This is now the home of Justice
+Frankfurter.
+
+Going westward along Dumbarton Avenue on the northern side of the
+street, now high up above it, stands the house where lived Jeremiah
+Williams, a prominent merchant, whose daughter married Paymaster Boggs.
+It is still sometimes called The Old Boggs Place.
+
+The great bank of earth there shows what a deep cut had to be made when
+the street was leveled in the days when Alexander Shepherd, as Governor
+of the District, performed the office of surgeon on the streets of the
+city. He made of it a wonderful job, but was roundly hated by many of
+the property owners whom he left sitting way up in the air, or
+contrariwise, down in a hole.
+
+The house is now divided into two houses--the one on the east, 3035, is
+the home of that fine commentator, Richard Harkness.
+
+Across the street at 3040 is where Dr. and Mrs. Louis Mackall, Senior,
+lived and their daughter, Miss Sally Somervell Mackall who wrote her
+book about Georgetown called _Early Days of Washington_.
+
+Before them the Edes family had lived there. The story is told of Miss
+Margaret, she who left the money for the Edes Home, one night, when she
+went up to her chamber, as they were called in those days, that she saw
+a man's boots protruding from under the bed. Instead of losing her head,
+she began whistling a little tune as she walked about the room, pulled
+out the bureau drawers as if looking for something, then went out of the
+room, closed the door and softly locked it, sent for the police and
+captured the burglar.
+
+On the northwest corner of Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street
+was the home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman, who came to Georgetown from
+Annapolis in the early twenties. He married Miss Mary Davidson, daughter
+of Colonel John Davidson whose brother Samuel was the owner of Evermay.
+Two of Judge Chapman's daughters married Francis Dodge, junior; first
+Jane, then Frances Isabella. His son, Edward, lived on in the home until
+his death when Mrs. Frances Isabella Dodge took it, had it remodeled
+somewhat, and entertained there a great deal. After her death it was
+bought by her stepson, of course also her nephew, Henry Henley Dodge,
+and I myself remember going to lovely parties given by his children in
+the big, old rooms.
+
+The house was pulled down about 1900 and a row of brick houses built in
+its place. It was a handsome house, facing on Dumbarton Avenue, painted
+a greenish tan, with long porches running along the back building
+overlooking the yard which extended back to Christ Church. In this yard
+were two very handsome trees, one a horse chestnut and one a magnolia.
+It was enclosed by an iron fence, one of the kind despised and pulled
+down in the nineties, and now being eagerly sought and replaced in doing
+over old houses.
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF JUDGE HENRY HENLEY CHAPMAN]
+
+There is a delicious story of how, in the long ago, when all five of the
+daughters were still at home, a wandering cow got in at the gate, and at
+four o'clock in the morning (I hope it was the summer time) Aunt Peggy
+Davidson roused all the girls to go out and get the beast out of the
+garden. An old colored man was passing, delivering milk, and was heard
+to exclaim, "Good Gawd, Mis' Chapman's yard is full of ghoses!"
+
+Immediately across from this house stood, and still stands, the old
+Berry house. It, too, shows how it was hoisted above the street when its
+level was changed. It was built by Philip Taylor Berry in the early
+1800's and no other family had ever lived there until his last daughters
+died, ripe in years.
+
+There were four of them, all old maids (Georgetown had five or six
+houses of four old maids in my childhood). These were in two sets, but
+the two older ones far outlived the two younger, who were always very
+retiring and delicate. When the last two were up in their nineties,
+being bed-ridden, one on one floor, the other on another, each with a
+nurse, they used to send messages to each other and exchange the novels
+which they read over and over again. At last, one night in the winter,
+the old house caught on fire and when the firemen got there it was so
+far under way that both old ladies had to be carried down ladders to the
+street, quite a perilous trip, which they both survived, however, and
+lived for several years thereafter.
+
+The two older sisters were descendants of John Stoddert Haw; the two
+younger, of Samuel McKenney and thereby, of course, of Henry Foxall. One
+of them, I heard all of my childhood was very, very pretty, but,
+although they were both great friends of my mother, I never saw her
+face, for she never went out of doors without a heavy, blue barège veil.
+It is said her eyes were weak but there was, too, a romantic story of
+her having been "disappointed in love," as they said in those days.
+
+[Illustration: OLD MCKENNEY HOUSE]
+
+A little farther west on Dumbarton Avenue on the north side of the
+street, above its stone wall topped with a white picket fence, is the
+old McKenney house. This is the house that Henry Foxall gave to his only
+daughter, Mary Ann, when she became the bride of Samuel McKenney in
+1800. Until a few years ago, there lived here her granddaughter, Mrs.
+McCartney and her children and grandchildren, the fifth generation to
+live in the old house.
+
+It was such a dear, sweet old house and the garden, too. At the marriage
+of the daughter of Mrs. McCartney, the lace wedding veil was the same
+that was worn long ago by Mary Ann Foxall, whose namesake she was.
+
+The old house was full of treasures and curios, an exquisite little
+white marble clock which once upon a time ticked off the hours for Marie
+Antoinette, that beautiful and tragic queen. It was presented to Henry
+Foxall by his friend and partner, Robert Morris, who had gotten it from
+Gouveneur Morris, he having bought it in Paris. Also there was lots of
+lovely old Spode china, and there is a story told of how Aunt Montie was
+found one day feeding the cats from the priceless dishes. When
+reprimanded, she explained she didn't want to use any of the "nice new
+china."
+
+In 1840 a maiden lady from Philadelphia came one day to have lunch, or
+midday dinner as I imagine it was in those days, and was planning to
+take the stage-coach for her return journey soon after the meal. She had
+been telling stories to the children and when the time for her departure
+neared, little Henrietta McKenney burst into tears; she didn't want such
+a delightful story-teller to go. Mrs. McKenney urged her to stay, so
+she agreed to stay for a day or two, at the end of that time, for a week
+or so. The time passed and she stayed on. Her visit lasted forty years,
+and was ended only by her call to another world. She had asked soon
+after her settlement into the home life for some duties so she took over
+the charge of the linen of the household and the making of the desserts.
+She had one fetich, the candles must be extinguished at ten o'clock. She
+had her way, even if guests were present--they were put out. She went to
+bed--they were relit. One night after her death, a young son of the
+house, about thirteen or so, was put to sleep in her room; at ten
+o'clock the candle just went out. Every night it happened; they hunted
+for drafts. No drafts could be located; the candles just always ceased
+to burn when the clocks reached the hour of ten.
+
+In this block about 1820 Mrs. Mary Billings, an Englishwoman, opened a
+school where she started to teach both colored and white children
+together, but a great deal of prejudice arising on the subject, she
+devoted herself entirely to the colored race and continued to do so for
+a number of years until she moved over to the city. Later, Mr. Street's
+school for boys stood here. It was just opposite the old McKenney house
+with a yard running down almost to High Street.
+
+The Methodist Episcopal Church on this block was formerly located on
+Montgomery (28th) Street. It had its beginning there in 1800. The church
+on the present site, which has a modern façade, was used as a Federal
+hospital during the Civil War, Dr. Peter being in charge of it as well
+as the Seminary.
+
+[Illustration: ST. JOHN'S CHURCH]
+
+On the other side of High Street stands St. John's Episcopal Church, the
+lot for which was given in 1796 by the Deakins' family. Reverend Walter
+Addison of Prince Georges County, Maryland, had visited George Town in
+1794 and 1795 and held occasional services, so a movement was started to
+build a church. Among the subscribers were Thomas Jefferson and Dr.
+Balch. The first rector was Reverend Mr. Sayrs of Port Tobacco in 1804.
+Five years later he died and was immortalized in an epitaph in the
+church, written by Francis Scott Key:
+
+    JOB: J. SAYRS
+
+    HU: EEL
+
+    RECTOR PRIMUS
+
+    HIC
+
+    (QUO CHRISTI SERVUS FIDELITES MINUS TRAVIT)
+
+    SEP: JAO
+
+    OB: 6 JAN. A. D. MDCCIX
+
+    AET XXXV
+
+    HERE ONCE STOOD FORTH A MAN, WHO FROM THE WORLD
+    THOUGH BRIGHT ITS ASPECT TO THE YOUTHFUL EYE,
+    TURNED WITH AFFECTION ARDENT TO HIS GOD,
+    AND LIV'D AND DIED AN HUMBLE MINISTER
+    OF HIS BENIGNANT PURPOSES TO MAN.
+
+    HERE LIES HE NOW--YET GRIEVE NOT THEN FOR HIM
+    READER! HE TRUSTED IN THAT LOVE WHERE NONE
+    HAVE VAINLY TRUSTED--RATHER LET
+    HIS MARBLE SPEAK TO THEE, AND SHOULDST THOU FEEL,
+    THE RISING OF A NEW AND SOLEMN THOUGHT
+    WAK'D BY THIS SACRED PLACE AND SAD MEMORIAL
+    O LISTEN TO ITS IMPULSE! 'TIS DIVINE--
+    AND IT SHALL GUIDE THEE TO A LIFE OF JOY,
+    A DEATH OF HOPE AND ENDLESS BLISS THEREAFTER.
+
+In 1807 the vestry included Charles Worthington, Washington Bowie,
+Thomas Corcoran, John Mason, Thomas Plater, Benjamin Mackall, Philip
+Barton Key, and William Stewart. A little later, in 1811, an old writer
+says: "At that time the church was thronged to an over flow with all who
+were most elevated in station and in wealth from the Capital; the pews
+in the gallery were rented at high rates and to persons of great
+respectability. The street before the church was filled with glittering
+vehicles and liveried servants."
+
+In 1831 the vestry failed to elect a rector as successor to Reverend Mr.
+James. For seven years, the church was closed, worse than closed, for it
+fell into disrepair to such an extent that the birds and the bats made
+their nests in it, so that it was called "The Swallow Barn." A sculptor
+rented it for his studio, which scandalized many of its old-time
+worshippers who hated to think of the statues of heathen gods and
+goddesses in the temple of the Lord. At last, in 1838, a vestry was
+elected, and from that time, St. John's has always flourished.
+
+In its chancel are paintings of the four evangelists done by the
+Reverend Mr. Oertel. He was also a wood-carver and a musician, and was
+from Nuremberg in Germany which, I suppose, explains why he was always
+called Master by his wife. They lived for a good while on Gay (N)
+Street. Mr. Corcoran bought several of his pictures for his gallery. His
+best known work was called "Rock of Ages," and represented a female
+figure with long hair and floating white garments clinging to an
+enormous cross. This picture was often used on Easter cards.
+
+Several years ago a large boulder was placed on the bank of the
+churchyard, bearing this inscription:
+
+                COLONEL NINIAN BEALL
+
+    BORN SCOTLAND  1625      DIED MARYLAND  1717
+
+            PATENTEE OF ROCK OF DUMBARTON
+
+           MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
+
+        COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF PROVINCIAL FORCES
+                    OF MARYLAND
+        IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF HIS SERVICES
+         "UPON ALL INCURSIONS AND DISTURBANCES
+                OF NEIGHBORING INDIANS"
+          THE MARYLAND ASSEMBLY OF 1699 PASSED
+                  "AN ACT OF GRATUITY"
+        THIS MEMORIAL ERECTED BY THE SOCIETY OF
+              COLONIAL WARS IN THE DISTRICT
+                   OF COLUMBIA, 1910
+
+Just behind the church and adjoining it on little Potomac Street, is a
+house where, fifty years ago, used to live two old maid sisters who were
+absolute hermits. Their food was drawn up in a basket which they let
+down to an old family retainer containing the money with which to do
+their purchasing. Whenever the organ was played in St. John's, they used
+to take a hammer and beat upon the wall as long as the music continued.
+
+The large yellow house at the southwest corner of Market (33rd) and
+Second (O) Streets is where Thomas E. Waggaman lived in the nineties. He
+built an addition on the west as an art gallery for his collection of
+pictures. It is now a separate house. Here, some years ago, lived Jouett
+Shouse at the time he formed his Liberty League. Recently, Colonel and
+Mrs. Alf Heiberg made it their home. They placed an eagle over the door
+and called it "Federal House."
+
+Right across the street stood a dear old house some years ago. It was
+white, with double piazzas all the way across the front. The yard was
+enclosed by a paling fence and from the gate a double border of box led
+to the door. It was the home of Dr. Hezekiah Magruder.
+
+About 1833 the family of Admiral James Hogan Sands lived there. William
+Franklin Sands, author of _Undiplomatic Memories_ was one of his sons.
+The old house was torn down about 1890.
+
+Across the street, at number 3318, is the home of Mr. and Mrs. David E.
+Finley. He is the Director of the National Gallery of Art.
+
+Number 3322 is the interesting old house where, in the forties and
+fifties lived Baron Bodisco, Minister from Russia to the United States.
+He had a very romantic marriage of which I shall tell later. Just before
+the marriage he purchased this house from Sally Van Devanter, who had
+inherited it in 1840 from her husband, Christopher Van Devanter,
+apparently, the builder of the house. Baron Bodisco, the same day he
+bought it, gave it to his fiancée, Harriet Beall Williams. Whether it
+was a wedding gift or whether, as a foreign envoy, he could not hold
+property, I do not know. She kept the property for twenty years until
+her remarriage to Captain Douglas Scott, when it was bought by Abraham
+H. Herr. During the Civil War, it was headquarters for the officers of
+the Second U. S. Regiment, whose enlisted men were quartered in Forrest
+Hall.
+
+[Illustration: BODISCO HOUSE]
+
+But to return to the period when it was owned and occupied by the Van
+Devanter family. During these years, they apparently had a most
+interesting guest, Mrs. Henry Lee, the widow of "Light Horse Harry," and
+the mother of Robert E. Lee. In Dr. Douglas Freeman's book _R. E. Lee_,
+he quotes two letters from Mrs. Lee written not long before her death
+from "Georgetown." She did not specify where she was, but Mrs. Beverley
+Kennon, many years afterwards, said that this was the house in which she
+resided.
+
+Also, the Van Devanter family, a few years ago, found among old books
+two books with inscriptions of names of the Lee family, evidently left
+there during this time.
+
+Here, at a ball one night, a young man who was making his entrance into
+Washington society under the care of a senator had the following
+experience. (The account is taken from _Harper's Magazine_):
+
+    This was my first entrance into fashionable life at one of Madame
+    Bodisco's birthnight balls. I was under the care of Senator ----. As
+    we entered the house, two tall specimens of humanity, dressed very
+    much like militia generals, in scarlet coats trimmed with gold lace
+    and white trousers, met us at the door. Thinking them distinguished
+    people, I bowed low and solemnly. They stared and bowed. "Go on,"
+    said the Senator, "don't be so polite to those fellows, they are
+    servants; give them your cloak." I hurried in pulling off my cloak
+    as I went. Just within the first door of the drawing room stood a
+    fat, oily little gentleman, bowing also, but not so magnificently
+    gotten up as my first acquaintances. Certain of my game now, I, in
+    superb style, threw over him my cloak and hurried on. Senator ----
+    pulled me back, and to the astonished little fellow now struggling
+    from under my broadcloth, I was presented. I had nearly smothered
+    the Russian Minister who, however, laughed merrily at the mistake.
+    He hardly knew what I would accomplish next, and left me as soon as
+    he possibly could, to my fate. I wandered about rather disconsolate.
+    The lights, music, dancing, fun and laughter, were all novelties and
+    charming for a while, but I knew no one after an hour's looking on,
+    hunted up the Senator and begged him to introduce me to some of the
+    young ladies. He hesitated a moment, and then consented, and I was
+    led up to and presented to a magnificent creature I had long looked
+    upon with silent admiration. Miss Gennie Williams, who was seated in
+    an easy, nonchalant manner, conversing with a circle of gentlemen,
+    and favored me with a gracious nod. As I stood wondering whether
+    this was the end of my introduction, a mustached dandy came between
+    us and said, "Miss Williams, permit me to relate the joke of the
+    season." To my horror he began the story of the cloak. My first
+    impulse was to knock him down, my second to run away; on my third I
+    acted. Interrupting the recital I said: "Begging your pardon, sir,
+    but Miss Williams, I am the only person who can do justice to that
+    joke," and continuing, I related it without in any way sparing
+    myself. She laughed heartily, as did the circle, and rising from her
+    chair, took my arm, saying kindly that I must be cared for or I
+    would murder some one. With a grace and kindness I shall never
+    forget, she placed me at my ease.
+
+Next door to this house, at one time, lived Hamilton Bronaugh.
+
+Just across the street, the big red brick Victorian house is where James
+Roosevelt and his family were living in his father's first
+administration.
+
+Around the corner on Frederick (34th) Street, the house which has a
+walled garden on the corner was the home of John G. Winant, when he was
+here before going as Ambassador to the Court of St. James.
+
+A block or two north of here, at 1524 Market (33rd) Street, was the old
+Yellow Tavern, much used by those going to and fro to Rockville and
+Frederick Town.
+
+On Fourth Street (Volta Place), where the playground is now, was where
+the old Presbyterian burying-ground used to be, which was the principal
+graveyard until Oak Hill was given to the town in 1849. Among the
+tombstones moved from there, when it was given up, were those of James
+Gillespie, member of Congress from North Carolina, who was the first
+member of that body to die after the removal of the seat of government,
+and John Barnes, who had been collector of the port, and who, in his
+will, left money for a poorhouse for Georgetown. He died in 1826 at the
+age of ninety-six.
+
+On Sixth Street (Dent Place), between Market (33rd) and Frederick (34th)
+Streets, was the house which Francis Deakins sold on February 8, 1800 to
+Old Yarrow, as he was called, one of the most mysterious and interesting
+characters of the early days. It is not known whether he was an East
+Indian or a Guinea negro, but he was a Mohammedan. He conducted a trade
+in hacking with a small cart, and his ambition in life was to own a
+hundred dollars. Twice he saved it and each time ill fortune overtook
+him. The first time he gave it to an old groceryman he knew to keep for
+him. The old man died suddenly and Yarrow had nothing to prove that he
+had had his money. So the next time he picked a young man to keep it for
+him. Then this one absconded. Some of the gentlemen of the town became
+so interested that they took up a collection and started an account for
+him in the Bank of Columbia. He must have been quite a figure in his
+day, for his portrait was painted by James Alexander Simpson, and is now
+owned by Mr. E. M. Talcott, who inherited it from Normanstone.
+
+Quite a number of attractive houses have been built in this neighborhood
+in the last few years and a good many "done over," all of them,
+fortunately, in the style suitable for Georgetown.
+
+They are very largely owned and occupied by people connected with the
+Government, many of them in the State Department. In one of these
+houses, a few years ago, lived the writer, Michael Strange, who had been
+the wife of John Barrymore.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XIII
+
+_Third Street, Beall (O) Street, West (P) Street_
+
+
+On the southeast corner of Third (P) Street and Frederick (34th) Street,
+the attractive, low, white frame house is where Doris Fleeson lives, who
+writes such interesting articles for _The Evening Star_.
+
+At 3327 is a fine tall old brick house painted yellow, which has for
+many years, until very recently, been the home of Hon. and Mrs.
+Balthasar Meyer. On the second story it has a lovely long music room
+used for dancing and by Sylvia Meyer, their daughter, the talented
+harpist of the National Symphony Orchestra.
+
+Some of the Key family lived here years ago, I suppose, of course,
+relatives or descendants of those two famous lawyers here, Philip Barton
+Key and his nephew, Francis Scott Key. And nearby lived another _real_
+Marylander named Mary Ritchie.
+
+And speaking of names, the strangest woman's name turned up in the title
+of 3321, which in 1818 was owned by Harry McCleery. He had five
+daughters and in his will left $3,000.00 to each of four of them; among
+these, one named Zerniah. To Clarissa, the fifth, he left the house he
+lived in (this house) and the stone houses on the corner adjoining, with
+all thereto belonging to be held in trust for her by her two brothers. I
+wonder if Clarissa was an invalid or if it was the law that, at that
+time, a woman could not hold property!
+
+This house later on in the eighties and for twenty years or more was the
+home of the Humes. Mr. Thomas L. Hume and his wife, Annie Graham
+Pickrell left a large family of children when they died early.
+
+Mr. Hume also owned a place a little way out of town. One day when
+General Grant, who was a friend of his, was there Mr. Hume said he
+couldn't think of a name for the place. General Grant looked around and
+noticing the walnut trees said, "Why not turn walnut around and call it
+"Tunlaw"?" And so Tunlaw Road came into being, back behind Mt. Alto
+Hospital.
+
+Just to the east of 3321 P Street was the old Lutheran burying-ground.
+About the time of the Civil War it seems to have been abandoned and the
+records lost. And near here stands the Lutheran Church, the fourth
+building on this site, for this church dates back to 1769, when it was a
+little log building. According to tradition, Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch
+preached his first sermon here when he came to be Pastor of the
+Presbyterians. A prized possession of this church is a very old German
+Bible printed in Tübingen in 1730. Another treasured possession is the
+bell, over a hundred years old, which, at one time, was purchased by a
+congregation in West Virginia, but after twenty-five years, was
+reclaimed and brought back by a faithful church Councilman and housed
+under a small stone structure of its own. It is believed to have been
+cast in Europe.
+
+Crossing High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and cutting down to Beall (O)
+Street, one comes to what used to be Hazel's stable--his initials, "W.
+C. H." are in the bricks up in the peak at the top of the building. Here
+the doctors kept their carriages, here "hacks" were hired when needed
+for parties or funerals, and here was kept for a month or so every fall
+and spring my little bay mare, _Lady Leeton_, and the red-wheeled
+runabout which was brought in from Hayes for my use.
+
+I can see Mr. Hazel now in his buggy, he weighed about three hundred
+pounds and his side of the buggy almost touched the ground as he drove
+about town.
+
+At 3131, at the home of his daughter, is where General Adolphus Greeley
+was living several years ago when a very interesting event took place
+one spring afternoon, in 1935. I was walking down 31st Street when I
+heard the strains of "The Star-Spangled Banner." I wondered if I was
+hearing a radio but when I reached the corner of O Street I noticed a
+policeman and an Army sergeant chatting in the middle of the street and
+coming up O Street was Justice of the Supreme Court, Owen J. Roberts,
+bareheaded, with a lady, to whom he said, "They are probably saying,
+'Some old geezer named Greeley'!" So I glanced west down O Street and
+there, drawn up along the southern sidewalk, was a company of U. S.
+Cavalry, red and white guidon of Company F from Fort Myer. Then I
+realized that it was the day of days for General Greeley. At last, on
+his ninety-first birthday, he was being decorated with the Congressional
+Medal of Honor. It had been many a year since his fateful expedition to
+the Arctic in search for the North Pole.
+
+Just across the street from here now lives Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and
+a little farther on, the old house up on a low terrace is where the
+Lancastrian School was opened in November 1811 under Robert Ould. In a
+few weeks there were 340 boys and girls under tuition, and in 1812 an
+appropriation was asked for an addition to accommodate 250 more
+scholars.
+
+[Illustration: CHRIST CHURCH]
+
+The Lancastrian School was sustained by private contributions and
+municipal aid for thirty-two years. The name came from Joseph Lancaster,
+a Quaker, who started this system in England of coeducational schools,
+free to those who could not pay. Lancaster had a school of one thousand
+pupils in Southwark, but disagreements arising with some of the
+authorities, he emigrated to America in 1818. He died in New York in
+1838.
+
+About 1840, Samuel McKenney, whose house adjoined this property on the
+south, bought it and gave it to his daughter who had gone to southern
+Maryland to live, and so she came back to Georgetown. Her descendants,
+the Osbournes, lived there until just a few years ago when the "cult"
+for old houses in Georgetown began. When a garden was made there
+recently, some of the old foundations of the schoolroom were uncovered.
+
+Almost next door is the Linthicum Institute, which still conducts its
+night school for white boys, and above it is the hall where the old
+Georgetown Assemblies are still held. Here also Mrs. Shippen has her
+Dancing Classes, and here now my grandchildren are learning where I had
+my first lessons in the same art. The old hall looks just as it did in
+my day.
+
+Then at 3018 is Christ Church Rectory, where I happened to be born; it
+was not the rectory then.
+
+Christ Church, as you recall, was founded in 1817 in Thomas Corcoran's
+house. The illustration shows the first church building of the three
+which have stood on this spot. It was begun May 6, 1818, and the first
+service held at sunrise on Christmas Day that same year, the rector
+being the Reverend Ruel Keith, who was Professor of Theology at the
+College of William and Mary, and later, in 1823, with Dr. Wilmer,
+founder of the Theological Seminary, near Alexandria.
+
+Among the founders of Christ Church were Thomas Corcoran, William
+Morton, Clement Smith, Francis Scott Key, John Stoddert Haw, John Myers,
+Ulysses Ward, James A. Magruder, Thomas Henderson, and John Pickrell.
+The present building of Christ Church was erected about 1885. The
+windows which were made especially for it in Munich, Germany, are very
+beautiful. The big one in the north end was put there by W. W. Corcoran
+in memory of his father, Thomas Corcoran.
+
+I have heard from the daughter of one of the belles of the fifties,
+whose family were Christ Church people, that in those days the beaux
+might join a lady after church and escort her home, but under no
+circumstances did they entertain callers on Sunday. All of the food for
+Sunday use was prepared on Saturday.
+
+It was during the fifties that Dr. William Norwood was the rector of
+Christ Church. He was a Virginian and very outspoken in the expression
+of his political views in that day of heated opinions. So violent was
+the feeling that, although he had a brilliant mind and a saintly
+character, he was obliged to resign. He returned to his native State and
+was for many years the revered rector of St. Paul's, Richmond. I
+remember hearing that as a young man he had a classmate at college,
+Clement Moore, who one night came into his room, saying, "Norwood, I'd
+like to read you something I've written to see what you think of it." He
+sat down and read to him "The Night Before Christmas," that beloved old
+poem without which Christmas hardly seems like Christmas to me, even
+now.
+
+Dr. Norwood was followed several years later by Reverend Albert Rhett
+Stuart, under whose leadership the present church was built. I remember
+the big basket which was carried around by a fine-looking, tall colored
+woman with articles for sale for the benefit of the Ladies' Aid Society
+of Christ Church.
+
+The interesting white house over on the northeast corner was at one time
+the home of the Godeys, then of the Curtis family. When they lived
+there, "music filled the air," for a son and a chum of his used to sit
+out on the long, side gallery and play for hours on the violin and
+'cello. It was for several years the home of Justice and Mrs. Owen J.
+Roberts.
+
+Only two houses on this block are of any age. The little white cottage
+near the corner of Washington (30th) Street was the home of three Miss
+Tenneys and their sister, Mrs. Brown, who had a school for small boys
+and girls. Then the garden ran to the corner. The father of these ladies
+and of William H. Tenney had come to Georgetown from Newburyport,
+Massachusetts, in the early part of 1800.
+
+Just across from it, the large yellow mansion was the home of Commodore
+Cassin, built by him, I think, in the early 1800's. In 1893 Mr. and Mrs.
+Beverley Randolph Mason, of Virginia, opened here their school, Gunston
+Hall, named, of course, for Mr. Mason's ancestral home, which continued
+in Washington as a flourishing boarding school for girls for fifty
+years. After that, this building housed the Epiphany School, an
+Episcopal institution.
+
+The property along 30th Street here was all owned at one time by the
+Matthews family. Henry Cooksey Matthews came to Georgetown some years
+before 1820. He had been born in 1797 on the farm near Dentsville, in
+Charles County, Maryland, where his forbears had lived for four
+generations. He married his cousin, Lucinda Stoddert Haw, whose home,
+you remember, was on Gay (N) Street, and they built the large house on
+the southeast corner of Washington (30th) and West (P) Streets.
+
+Mr. Matthews and his wife were devoted members of Christ Church and
+named their son for one of its rectors, the Reverend Charles McIlvaine,
+who later became Bishop of Ohio. Mr. Matthews used to play the flute in
+the orchestra in Christ Church.
+
+Mr. Charles M. Matthews also married his cousin, who was a daughter of
+Thomas Corcoran, junior, and niece of W. W. Corcoran. Mr. Matthews,
+until his death, managed the estate of Mr. Corcoran. He built his home
+on the southern part of his father's lot at the northeast corner of
+Washington (30th) and Beall (O) Streets.
+
+Back in the eighties Miss Charlotte and Miss Margaret Lee came from
+Virginia and opened The West Washington School for Girls, sponsored by
+several of the gentlemen of Georgetown, in the old home of Henry C.
+Matthews. There, in the last year of its existence, I learned the
+beginnings of the three R's.
+
+Nearby, at number 3014 P Street, in the fifties and sixties, William R.
+Abbott conducted a well-known school for boys. At that time it was only
+a one-story building. Mr. Abbott was the son of John Abbott, whose home
+was on Bridge (M) Street. The Abbotts lived in the house on the west
+next door to the school. In later years it was occupied by the Lyons,
+Hartleys, and Parris families.
+
+In one of these houses was the school for boys founded by Dr. David
+Wiley and continued for twenty more years by Dr. James McVean.
+
+There is a fine row of houses just beyond here where have lived, at
+various times, the Magruders, the Kenyons, the Yarnalls, and, long ago,
+in the early 1800's, Colonel Fowler, who came from Baltimore and whose
+wife was a sister of Dr. Riley's wife, made his home at number 3030 West
+(P) Street.
+
+For many years this house was used as the rectory of Christ Church.
+There lived Dr. Norwood and his large family of daughters, all of whom
+left their impression on the City of Richmond in after years. Also, Dr.
+Walter Williams, and Dr. Albert Rhett Stuart, of South Carolina, who was
+for twenty-five years rector of Christ Church.
+
+The end house was the Morton's home for a great many years. Four
+unmarried sisters lived there long, long after their parents had gone.
+But parental influence was strong in those days, for one of them in her
+late seventies was still "engaged" to the love of her youth, disapproved
+of by her father. Once a week she met him and had lunch with him down
+town. He came sometimes to Sunday dinners, swathed in his long, black
+cape.
+
+During the fall great droves of cattle and flocks of sheep from western
+Virginia were driven through the streets and gathered at Drovers' Rest,
+two miles west of town. Some days many thousands filled West (P) Street
+from morn to eve, and, occasionally, a wild steer ran amuck and then
+there was great excitement. Also, large flocks of turkeys, hundreds of
+them, were driven up from lower Maryland and passed through the streets
+to pens on the outskirts of town, where one could go and pick out his
+own bird.
+
+Across the street at number 3019 is the house Mr. Linthicum built in
+1826. Thomas Corcoran, junior, made it his home from then until 1856,
+when it was bought by John T. Cochrane for his sister, Mrs. James A.
+Magruder, who brought up there her three nieces and one nephew. Two of
+the nieces, Miss Mary Zeller and Mrs. Whelan, lived on there all their
+lives. Miss Mary used to tell me many tales of old-time days and ways.
+The old house remained entirely unchanged until about twelve years ago,
+when it was bought and done over inside. It had a lovely stairway and
+dignified, square rooms.
+
+The row of three quaint little brick houses here seem to be an unknown
+quantity to even some of the oldest inhabitants and nearest neighbors.
+In number 3021, long ago, lived Horatio Berry, the brother of Philip
+Taylor Berry. In number 3025, the quaint locks on the doors all have on
+them a small, round brass seal, bearing the coat-of-arms of Great
+Britain, the lion and the unicorn rampant, also the name "Carpenter &
+Co.", and in the cellar are crossbeams hewn by hand.
+
+Next we come to a pair of cottages, changed from their pristine
+loveliness--now the "Mary Margaret Home," for old ladies. The one at
+3033 P Street in my girlhood was the home of Mrs. James D. Patton, the
+former Jennie Coyle. She gave me piano lessons for four years, but she
+gave me much more! She formed a group of girls into a King's Daughters'
+Circle, "The Patient Workers," which met at her house on Saturday
+mornings when we sewed and made articles which we sold at a Fair in the
+Spring. The proceeds were divided between the Children's Country Home
+and the Children's Hospital. There is still a brass plate in the
+hospital bearing the name, "The Patient Workers" for a bed we named.
+
+The two big houses on the northeast corner of West (P) Street and
+Congress (31st) Street were built by Joseph H. Libbey, a well-to-do
+lumber merchant. They continued to be in his family for a long time. The
+one on the east now is the Catholic Home for Aged Ladies. In front of it
+is the largest and most beautiful elm tree in Georgetown. The two houses
+at 1516 and 1518 Congress (31st) Street, Mr. Libbey built about 1850 as
+wedding gifts for his two daughters, Martha, Mrs. Benjamin Miller,
+becoming the owner of number 1516. It is still owned by her descendants.
+Number 1518 has changed hands several times. It was where Richard V.
+Oulahan, the well-known newspaper correspondent, lived until his death
+several years ago. At that time it was said of him: "He gathered news
+like a gentleman and wrote it like a scholar."
+
+Back in the eighties, a party was given at number 1518 one night for the
+young niece of two maiden ladies whose home it then was. The guests were
+about sixteen and seventeen years old, and the boys had all just arrived
+at the age where their most treasured possessions were their brand new
+derby hats. When the party broke up and the guests trooped upstairs to
+get their wraps, the young gentlemen found, on entering their dressing
+room, that on one of the beds reposed the crowns of all their derbies,
+while on the other, neatly laid out, were all the brims. The culprit was
+never caught. Only the other day one of the long-ago guests was told by
+the offender that he had been the originator of the diabolic idea.
+
+If you look west along the next block of West (P) Street, you notice how
+different are the north and south sides. Along the south side are houses
+of an absolutely different period. All those on the north side were
+built in the seventies or later, including the Presbyterian Church,
+except the one on the corner of Congress (31st) Street, which was the
+residence of General Otho Holland Williams, a Revolutionary officer, who
+was in the same company with General Lingan. His house has, of course,
+been completely changed and made into two houses. It was never
+beautiful, but it was a dignified old mansion, with high steps leading
+up to a quaint doorway.
+
+Across Congress (31st) Street, at number 3108 West (P) Street, the house
+with the high steps going up sideways was built by Judge Morsell about
+1800. For a while, the Barnards lived there. Then the Marquis de
+Podestad, Minister from Spain to this country, made it his residence.
+After the Civil War, General George C. Thomas resided there. Next door
+is where the Shoemakers have lived for many years.
+
+The house with the nice, old hipped roof was at one time owned by a
+Captain Brown. In the eighties and nineties the Misses Dorsey of
+Virginia had here a school for girls called "Olney Institute."
+Afterwards, Reverend Parke P. Flournoy, once a chaplain in the
+Confederate Army, lived here up into his nineties with his family.
+
+Still a little farther on, and incorporated with the old Tenney house,
+now owned by Mrs. Stephen Bonsal, is where Miss Jennie Gardiner had a
+school for little children about the same time as the Dorseys' school.
+For some time before the Civil War it was the home of the Reverend Mr.
+Simpson, whose wife was Miss Stephenson from near Winchester. Her
+father, whose home was Kenilworth, near there, made her a present of the
+house. Following the Civil War, it was for a long time the home of
+William H. Tenney, who had a prosperous flour mill.
+
+Just across the street from it, the imposing looking yellow house with
+the mansard roof is the one that Elinor Glyn bought and "did over," and
+then never lived in, as she decided to go back to England to her mother,
+who was in delicate health. Later it was the residence of Mrs. Isabella
+Greenway, Representative in Congress from Arizona.
+
+A block from here just above Q Street on what is now dignified by the
+name of 32nd, but will always remain to old Georgetonians, Valley
+Street, lived a very interesting character, still remembered by some
+people in Georgetown as "The crazy man of Valley Street."
+
+Among other shabby houses, one which was quite different in appearance
+and stood a little back from the street, with a tree in its tiny patch
+of a yard, was where he lived. It looked as if it had a story--and it
+had. It was told me not long ago by an old friend. I call him a friend,
+for whenever I went to the institution where he was a doorkeeper, I went
+back in memory to the years when he was our postman. In those days your
+postman was your friend. You thought over what your Christmas gift to
+him would be as much as a member of your family. Not like it is
+nowadays, when he drops your letters through a slit in the door. You
+don't know his name, you don't know what he looks like, you don't even
+know whether he is white or colored.
+
+This is the story of "the crazy man of Valley Street." During the Civil
+War, Captain Chandler was in command of a United States vessel cruising
+in the Chesapeake Bay searching ships carrying contraband. He was
+accused of making a traitorous remark and dismissed from the service.
+His family was living at the Union Hotel, but they left and went to New
+York to live. He took his savings and built for himself the little house
+on Valley Street. Its interior was made to resemble exactly the cabin of
+a ship.
+
+My friend told me that his first encounter with the old gentleman was
+one Monday morning about nine-thirty when, having been changed to this
+new route, he stopped to open the gate to deliver a letter. It was
+locked. He knocked. At last a window was thrown up and the old man's
+head emerged. He said the captain looked very much like the pictures of
+General Robert E. Lee.
+
+Seeing it was the postman with a letter, he said he would open the gate,
+so he pulled a rope--and presto! open it flew. He said he never opened
+it until ten o'clock in the morning and wanted to know if his mail could
+be delivered after that, which the carrier obligingly offered to do, by
+changing his route somewhat.
+
+After that, for years, Mr. Postman was a friend to the old man, though
+he never really entered the house. Each month a check for twenty dollars
+would come from a nephew in Chicago, which the postman would take to Mr.
+Berry with a note from the captain, asking to have it cashed, and
+specifying the number of dollar bills, fifty-cent pieces, quarters,
+dimes, nickels, and pennies. A little colored boy who lived nearby was
+commissioned occasionally to purchase necessary food, but the old man
+himself never went out except after dark.
+
+Finally, one day when the little boy came to do the errands, he could
+get no answer to his knock, so he got a man to lift him up where he
+could peer over the high board fence at the side and look into an open
+window. Through it he saw the old gentleman, sprawled out in a big
+chair, immovable. They broke into the house and found that he was
+paralyzed. He could not speak, but shook his head when they said they
+wanted to call help from the police. He was laid on a mattress on the
+floor, and before long, all his troubles were over.
+
+His nephew came from Chicago, bought a lot in Rock Creek Cemetery and
+had the old gentleman decently buried. But not long after, his son in
+New York, reading of it in the paper, came down and had his father
+reinterred in the family lot in Oak Hill. So, in death, the old
+gentleman was accorded the honor of two funerals.
+
+[Illustration: _Courtesy Frick Art Reference Library_.
+
+WASHINGTON BOWIE]
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XIV
+
+_Stoddert (Q) Street_
+
+
+Coming east from Valley (32nd) Street is the lovely old house which the
+Seviers bought in 1890. It has never had a name. It was built by
+Washington Bowie, another of the shipping barons. His wife was Margaret
+Johns before becoming Mrs. Bowie. This whole block was his estate and
+was entered in his day through the double iron gates on West (P) Street.
+The carriages passed up and around a circle of box to the path, bordered
+with box leading to the porch with its lovely doorway. The doors opening
+into the hall that runs right through are of solid mahogany with big old
+brass locks. In the dining room is an especially beautiful white wood
+mantel, carved with a scene of sheep and shepherds. The tradition is
+that L'Enfant planned the garden, and also left his spectacles lying on
+the piano.
+
+In 1805 the place was bought by William Nicolls of Maryland, whose wife
+was Margaret Smith, a descendant of Captain John Smith. They had two
+daughters, Roberta, who married William Frederick Hanewinckel of
+Richmond, and Jennie, who married Colonel Hollingsworth. The
+Hanewinckels used to come back to the old home sometimes in the summer,
+even to the grandchildren, and the descendants still love the old place
+and consider it their ancestral home, for they had it longer than any
+other family. Colonel Hollingsworth was the superintendent of Mount
+Vernon before Colonel Dodge. I remember Colonel Hollingsworth well, a
+tall, fine-looking old gentleman, with a long, white beard. Of course,
+in those days we went to Mount Vernon by way of the river, on the
+steamer _W. W. Corcoran_. It is still, I think, by far the most pleasant
+way to approach the dignified old mansion, and Captain Hollingsworth
+would often be on the boat and talk with us. I've never forgotten the
+dear old-fashioned nosegay he picked and gave me from Mrs. Washington's
+garden. Mrs. Hollingsworth was a tiny little old lady. I can see her now
+with her snow-white hair and her big, black bonnet. Poor soul, it was a
+terrible trial to her when the place had to be sold after her husband's
+death.
+
+[Illustration: THE SEVIER HOUSE (BUILT BY WASHINGTON BOWIE)]
+
+It was put up for auction in 1890, and Mr. and Mrs. John Sevier, who
+happened to be visiting Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dodge in Georgetown at that
+time, though they spent a great deal of their time in Paris, heard of
+the sale and bought the house on the spot. Mr. Sevier was a descendant
+of the famous Tennesseean of that same name. Later they added the wings
+extending far out on each side, which are really two charming little
+houses. The old garden is still full of wonderful box, and besides,
+there are lots and lots of lovely roses, the pride of their stately
+mistress.
+
+Mrs. Sevier told me of being at a spa in Germany one summer when she was
+young, with Mr. Sevier. When they asked for the first floor apartment
+instead of theirs on the second, they were told by the proprietor that
+it was engaged for "some Englishman; he did not know whom." It turned
+out to be the then Prince of Wales, Edward VII. The prince, on seeing
+her, asked to be presented. She was very beautiful then, tall and fair.
+She met him three times, in the garden or at the spring. When he was
+leaving, he asked to say good-bye. She, unthinkingly, stood on the step
+above him, (a terrible _faux pas_, she learned afterwards), gave him
+some roses, and he presented her with a bouquet surrounded by lace
+paper; it was the custom, always, on leaving a place.
+
+When my father built his house in 1884 on the southwest corner of
+Stoddert (Q) Street and Congress (31st) Street, it was in part of the
+orchard of the old Bowie place. Some of the pear trees were still there.
+Today there are six houses on the lot where his house stood with its big
+gables and its many porches, surrounded by a fine lawn in which he took
+great pride. This house caused a good deal of comment at the time of its
+building from the fact that it had a bathroom on every floor, one being,
+of course, a "powder room." But to have a bathroom in the basement for
+the servants in those days was unheard of. It was just as good as the
+others, a tin-lined tub, of course, would be horrible to the present
+generation!
+
+The house was always brimming over with people, young and old, for
+occasions both grave and gay. One very grave one happened about two
+years after we moved there, and another "first" in Georgetown was
+there--the first trained nurse in Georgetown. Early in the month of May
+diphtheria seized the eldest daughter, then about fifteen. Two days
+later, another succumbed, a beautiful little girl of five. There was no
+anti-toxin in those days. In four days little Eleanor Hope was dead. Two
+days later a little cousin visiting there, was taken, and two days later
+still, the three remaining well children were sent out one afternoon for
+a drive with Grandpa in the Dayton-wagon, an old-time version of the
+present-day station wagon. We thought it was kind of strange to go to
+drive in the rain, but it wasn't really raining hard, so we stopped
+where the Cathedral Close is now and picked bluets and violets. When we
+got home we were told we had a new little brother! Wildly excited, we
+rushed upstairs and assaulted the door of mother's room. It was opened
+by old Aunt Catherine, the colored mid-wife, who had been told not to
+admit anyone, but mother called us and in we went. An hour or so later I
+was the fourth victim of diphtheria! I still have vivid memories of it
+all, and of Miss Freese, the trained nurse.
+
+[Illustration: _Courtesy Bolling-Fowler_.
+
+THE GEORGE T. DUNLOP HOUSE]
+
+She wore a uniform of blue and white striped cotton, long to the floor,
+but, strange to say, her hair was short, unusual for those days. I can
+still see the animals she cut out of paper--elephants, horses, and cows.
+Dear Aunt Ellen and Auntie helped with the nursing, and father even
+stayed home some days to help!
+
+These were some of the grave days, now to come to the gay. I remember
+the big reception for father's and mother's silver wedding anniversary,
+when I and my two chums, I in red, one in white, and one in a blue
+dress, stood back behind this fine couple, thinking we were so
+wonderful! My best friend lived right across the street, and we rigged
+up a line from my window to hers on which we sent little notes by
+pulling the line around.
+
+My two elder sisters had many beaux, and I mean, "many." I can remember
+when some times twenty young gentlemen came to call on Sunday evening.
+Of course, there were not many "dates" in those days, unless to go to
+the theatre or a party of some kind, dancing or euchre.
+
+One Sunday night when the butler was off duty, my brother, home from
+Princeton, answered the door bell. A gentleman entered, asking if the
+ladies were at home; he handed his silk hat to John, then his cane, then
+his coat, and then, he said "Now, announce me!" He was announced! As he
+sat on the sofa by my cousin, a visitor from Kentucky, a real Kentucky
+belle, a horrified expression came over his face. She, thinking he had
+been attacked by the new disease, appendicitis, which she had heard was
+very painful, asked what was the matter, to which he replied, "I have
+just discovered I have on blue trousers instead of black!" He was in his
+full-dress suit.
+
+On our side of Congress (31st) Street was one of the houses holding four
+old maids, the daughters of John Davidson, one of the oldest names in
+Georgetown: Miss Adeline, Miss Nannie, Miss Kate, and Miss Martha. Their
+mother had died on her knees in Christ Church from a stroke.
+
+Across the street lived four maiden ladies by the name of Mix--one of
+their brothers married a Miss Pickle!
+
+Of course, before Stoddert (Q) Street was cut through, the Bowie house
+adjoined the property of Tudor Place, and they were on a level. I can
+remember when the street was paved, and now that it is one of the
+busiest boulevards of the city, it seems almost impossible to believe
+that back in the nineties a houseful of charming-girls, real
+old-fashioned belles, used often to "erupt" with their many beaux from
+their home on the neighboring corner, at eleven o'clock some evenings,
+and have a dance right in the middle of the street--two-steps and
+waltzes galore!
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF FRANCIS DODGE]
+
+On the southeast corner of Congress (31st) Street and Stoddert (Q)
+Street stood, until 1893 or 1894, the very interesting old house where
+Francis Dodge and his large family lived for many, many years. The
+illustration does not do justice to the dear old house, but I wanted to
+give some idea of it as a whole, so selected this one. The long,
+southern side overlooking the garden had tiers of white wooden galleries
+and the face of the house under them was plastered white. In the center
+of the long stretch of wall was a lovely, big doorway with a fanlight,
+of course, and at the end of the porch, a smaller door which entered a
+projecting wing of the house.
+
+The place was enclosed by a low, brick wall topped with a white picket
+fence, and standing near the corner was a gorgeous horse-chestnut tree.
+Whenever I see one now, I recall this particular tree with its lovely
+blossoms in the spring and their delicious fragrance. A flight of wooden
+steps led from a brick walk at the gate to the gallery, and another
+flight from the same walk down into the garden. Under the porch was a
+brick pavement where was the pump, and then there was the garden--a
+wonderful old garden adorned with a maze of box which, of course,
+enclosed flower-beds.
+
+The whole square, bounded by Congress (31st), West (P), Washington
+(30th), and Stoddert (Q) Streets, belonged to this estate. It was
+originally the property of Nicholas Lingan who owned the mill on Rock
+Creek, and who was a brother of General Lingan. At that time, these big
+places really were farms, with stables for horses, cows, pigs, and
+chickens.
+
+[Illustration: FRANCIS DODGE, SENIOR]
+
+In 1810 the property was bought by Francis Dodge, who, as I have said
+before, had come from Salem as a lad of sixteen to join his brother,
+Ebenezer, who was established in a prosperous coastwise shipping trade,
+dealing largely with the West Indies.
+
+One of the first experiences young Francis had, after his arrival in
+1798, was one afternoon when he returned from a row up the river, and as
+he was mooring his boat, he noticed an elderly gentleman hurrying down
+the street and out onto the wharf. The gentleman asked if the ferry was
+in yet, and when the boy turned to answer him and looked into his face,
+he saw that it was General Washington. Francis replied that the ferry
+had gone and, noting the terrible disappointment of the great man,
+offered to row him across the river in his own little boat. The General
+gladly accepted, and during the crossing asked the young man his name.
+"Francis Dodge, sir," the boy replied, at which the General exclaimed,
+"By any chance related to Colonel Robert Dodge, who served so gallantly
+with me during the War?" "Yes, General, he was my father." "Oh, indeed!"
+said he, "I am greatly pleased to know you, young man. You must come to
+Mount Vernon some time to see me."
+
+Whether or not Francis Dodge got to Mount Vernon before the General's
+death the following year, I do not know, but for over forty years his
+grandson, Colonel Harrison H. Dodge, was the honored superintendent
+there.
+
+Young Francis was taken into his brother's counting house, and a few
+years later, in 1804, was sent to Portugal to investigate trade
+conditions in Europe. In 1807 he married Elizabeth Thomson, a daughter
+of William Thomson, of Scotland. They first resided below Bridge (M)
+Street, west of High (Wisconsin Avenue), probably in Cherry Lane, where
+lived also, according to tradition, Philip Barton Key, the Maffits, and
+other families of distinction.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Dodge had the usual large family of those days, six sons
+and five daughters, and all grew to maturity. While they were still
+small children, however, the British came to Washington, causing great
+alarm to the citizens of George Town also. Mr. Dodge apparently sent his
+family out somewhere near Rockville, for this is a letter he wrote to
+his wife at that time. It gives an interesting picture of those exciting
+days:
+
+    Georgetown, Aug. 26, 1814, 12 o'clock A. M.
+
+    Dear Wife:
+
+    We have positive information that the British have left the City on
+    the Baltimore road, and passed the toll-gate last night. Some of
+    their pickets are still around the city.
+
+    We believe they are either going to their shipping on Patuxent or
+    direct to Baltimore; or that they received information of an
+    intention to attempt to cut them off. At all events I am satisfied
+    you would be perfectly safe here, and much more comfortable than
+    where you are. I wish yourself, the child, Emily, Frank, and
+    Isabella, to come home and bring, if you can, one bed. Peggy and
+    Betty can come if they please.
+
+    Not one Englishman has been in this town or within sight of Ft.
+    Warburton below. They have burnt all public property in the city. It
+    was a dreadful sight. The rope-walks in the city are destroyed. The
+    General Post Office and Jail stand. I hope they will not return here
+    again and can't think they will, they behaved well.
+
+    The town was very quiet last night and I got a good sleep for the
+    first time. I hope you are well.
+
+    Yours affectionately,
+
+    F. DODGE.
+
+    Aug. 27, 7 o'clock A. M.
+
+    After preparing yesterday to send this, William came and advised to
+    postpone till today. You can all come now in the stage, bringing all
+    the books and what else you can.
+
+    We have no news today but expect the British are near their
+    shipping. We have escaped wonderfully.
+
+The stage ran daily from George Town to Rockville. I think it was also
+called "the hack," for, in old letters from my own ancestors at Hayes,
+out in that direction, they write of "sending the seamstress out by the
+hack."
+
+As the boys approached years of discretion, not having been spoiled by
+sparing the rod, their father gave to each an identical circular,
+setting forth what should be their "guide through life." His admonition
+to "read the Bible daily and regularly," was based upon his own
+remarkable habit in that respect. That he managed to read five chapters
+consecutively every morning and thus encompass the whole in seven
+months, is borne out by the periodic notations in his Holy Book. The
+circulars read as follows:
+
+    My practice (and my advice to all) is: if you wish to appear decent
+    shave every morning below ears and nose, cut your hair short all
+    over the head, wear white cravats, no boot-straps or pantaloon
+    straps.
+
+    If you expect or desire to live in old age with few pains, and in
+    the meantime be clear headed and well, and thriving in your
+    business, rise before the sun, retire early, taking seven to nine
+    hours in bed. Eat regularly and moderately of plain food, plainly
+    cooked; no desserts except green fruit, drink no kind of liquor
+    except water and the like; use no tobacco in any way.
+
+    Read five chapters in the Bible regularly through, before breakfast,
+    support religious societies and go to church twice every Sabbath
+    Day. Take moderate exercise, attend to your business and keep it
+    always in order and under your Government, never over-trade, hold
+    your word as binding as your bond, be security for no one, seldom
+    any good comes of it, but often miserable distress.
+
+    Be as liberal as you can, consistently, to your kin, if in need and
+    worthy, perform all your duties to your family and neighbors.
+
+    The above I practice almost to the letter.
+
+    F. DODGE.
+
+    P. S.--Again, say little or nothing about yourself, your family, or
+    your business. Talk but little--listen.
+
+    Speak as well as you can of all, expose faults only when you believe
+    it well to do more good than harm, all have foibles and few are free
+    from faults, most, some good traits of character.
+
+    This post script I am endeavoring to practice.
+
+    F. DODGE, 1847.
+
+    Act well your part, there all the honor lies, Read, heed!
+
+    The above attended to with strict economy, industry and like, will
+    carry you through this life with honor and credit.
+
+The education of the two oldest sons, Francis, junior, and Alexander
+Hamilton, seems to have been planned to fit them specially for
+commercial life, to succeed their father in his well-established
+business. Francis was sent to Georgetown College and Alexander to
+Princeton--he graduated in 1835. Robert Perley Dodge graduated from
+Princeton in two years, standing fifth in a class of seventy-six. He
+then entered a school of engineering in Kentucky. In six months he
+completed a major course. He rated so high that he was offered a
+professorship in mathematics, but declined, and became a civil engineer.
+
+[Illustration: THE SONS OF FRANCIS DODGE, 1878]
+
+William and Allen Dodge received special practical training in
+agriculture and animal industry at the Maryland Agricultural College.
+Mr. Dodge bought William a farm near Hagerstown, and for Allen one
+near Bladensburg, but, due to the Civil War and the abolition of slaves,
+both of these highly developed ventures failed, and the farms were sold.
+Charles, the youngest, attended Georgetown College, and took up
+commercial and export business. In 1862 he was offered command of a
+Confederate regiment but declined, being a Unionist. He accepted,
+instead, the rank of major and paymaster in the Federal Army and served
+throughout the war. For a time he was interested in gold mining in
+Maryland, and in 1889 succeeded his brother Frank (then deceased) as
+collector of customs of the District of Columbia.
+
+On the twelfth of June, 1849, a remarkable event took place in this old
+house--a wedding ceremony at four o'clock in the morning of four of the
+children of Mr. and Mrs. Dodge. Adeline was married to Charles Lanman;
+Virginia to Ben Perley Poore, a well-known correspondent of _Harper's
+Weekly_ in those days; Allen Dodge to Miss Mary Ellen Berry, and Charles
+Dodge to Miss Eliza G. Davidson of Evermay. The weddings were celebrated
+at this unusual hour so that the bridal couples could take the regular
+stage leaving Georgetown for Baltimore at five o'clock. At least it was
+a cool time of day for the celebration, and how beautiful it must have
+been with the dew lying on the box and the roses, and the birds
+twittering their sunrise notes. What a jolly time these four couples
+must have had, starting off together. Let us hope their spirits were not
+too much dampened by the fact that their father would not witness the
+ceremony, as it was at variance with his religious scruples that it was
+not conducted in a church. Reverend N. P. Tillinghast, then the rector
+of St. John's Church, must have officiated, as the Dodges were always
+ardent supporters of St. John's.
+
+The only two members of the family who did not marry were Miss Emily and
+Miss Elizabeth Dodge. They were the eldest of the girls, and I imagine
+that practically no one could get up the nerve to ask the old gentleman
+for their hands. Major Ben Perley Poore used to say that the most
+momentous hour he could remember was the one spent in Mr. Dodge's office
+waiting to see him to ask for the hand of Virginia, and he had faced
+guns when he said that.
+
+In 1851 Francis Dodge died at the age of sixty-nine. He was a very good
+citizen; his judgment was sought on all matters of public interest
+connected with the town, besides exercising a controlling influence over
+commercial transactions. At that time tropical fruits such as oranges
+and bananas were luxuries, and it is remembered that Mr. Dodge used to
+send baskets of them around to his friends whenever one of his vessels
+would arrive from the West Indies.
+
+When I was a little girl, living across the street on the opposite
+corner from this house, it was always spoken of as "Miss Emily Dodge's."
+I can remember her well when she would come out on the gallery and walk
+up and down. She seemed never to go away from the house. She was rather
+small, had snow-white hair in long curls about her face, and was usually
+wrapped in a white shawl. I have been told that she was terribly afraid
+of fire and burglars, so slept fully dressed. Each morning she bathed
+and re-clothed herself. At night she lay down and slept as she was. At
+the time I remember, Miss Emily occupied part of the big wing of the
+enormous house and Allen Dodge and his wife were living in the lower
+floors of the wing. His wife was quite an invalid, and I do not
+recollect ever seeing her.
+
+The main part of the house was occupied for one winter by Dr. Stuart,
+the rector of Christ Church, and his family while the new rectory at
+number 1515 31st Street was being built.
+
+After the death of Miss Emily Dodge, the place was sold to close the
+estate, and pulled down, thereby deleting from Georgetown one of its
+most distinctive and charming features which today would have been
+invaluable. I remember weeping bitterly when I heard it was to be torn
+down; even then, a half-grown girl, I loved old houses.
+
+The two cottages on West (P) Street at numbers 3033 and 3035, were built
+by Mr. Dodge. In the latter, until her death, lived Mrs. Charles Lanman
+(Adeline Dodge). Mr. Lanman was a native of Newburyport, Massachusetts.
+He was a very scholarly man, wrote _A Life of Daniel Webster_, who was
+his friend, and other books, and for a long time was connected with the
+Japanese Legation.
+
+For many years they had a young Japanese girl, Ume Tschuda, making her
+home with them while she was being educated in this country. The Lanmans
+had no children of their own, and looked upon her almost as an adopted
+daughter. She has had a very remarkable career as head of an important
+school in Japan.
+
+Another house built by the Dodges on their farm is the one on 30th
+Street, now doubled in size and occupied by Dr. Gwynn. Here Henry H.
+Dodge lived until he moved into his mother's former home, the Chapman
+house, on Congress (31st) Street and Dumbarton Avenue.
+
+On the southeast corner of Stoddert (Q) and Washington (30th) Streets,
+what is now Hammond Court, an apartment, was the house built by Francis
+Dodge, junior. In the group picture shown, he and Alexander Hamilton
+Dodge are the two seated in the middle of the front row. A. H. Dodge is
+the only brother not adorned with a beard. Was there ever a more
+wonderful display of six stalwart handsome brothers? In fact, good looks
+are to this day inherent in the Dodge family.
+
+I have already told a good deal of the history of Francis Dodge, junior,
+of his marriage to the two daughters of Judge Chapman. He had a son and
+a daughter by each wife.
+
+In 1851, at the death of Francis Dodge, senior, his splendidly
+established West Indies business continued under the management of the
+eldest sons, the name being changed to F. & A. H. Dodge. On the basis of
+their business alone, Georgetown was made a port of entry and a custom
+house was established here.
+
+Each year there was a sale for buyers from large cities in the North on
+the Dodges' wharf. It was quite an occasion. The counting house was
+capacious, and decorated with all sorts of curios from the tropics:
+sharks' jaws, flying fish, swordfish and sawfish; elaborate lunches were
+served to the patrons, with cigars and drinkables; chairs and benches
+were placed out on the platform overlooking the river. On summer
+afternoons, this was a great meeting place for the friends of the two
+Dodges.
+
+Many bidders assembled on these advertised dates, hauling commodities
+away as purchased, some to the rail depot, some to storage, which kept
+the firm officials and stewards busy. One of the faithful employees was
+Richard McCraith, a newly arrived Irishman from Cork. He had that noted
+propensity of his race for getting orders twisted, but his endeavors to
+do right were so earnest and conscientious that his unintentional errors
+of judgment were condoned. One urgent order from a patron asked for
+delivery to bearer of two sacks of coarse salt. For its hauling the
+bearer had a cart. "Here, Richard, go with this man to the warehouse on
+High Street and see that his cart is backed up close to the door. The
+salt is stored in the third floor. Load it carefully on the hand truck,
+wheel it to the window and let it down 'by the fall'--do you get that
+straight?" "Yis sir, yis sir!" Presently a man burst into the office,
+exclaiming excitedly, "That wild Irishman of yours has raised hell up
+the street. He dumped a sack of salt weighing 200 pounds from the third
+story to the cart underneath, broke both wheels, and the horse has run
+away with the wreck." (Enter Richard!) Said the angry boss, "Now, what
+the devil have you done?" Richard: "Yis sir. Didn't you tell me to let
+it down 'by the fall'? I did, sir."
+
+In 1867 Francis Dodge, junior, sold this fine house to Henry D. Cooke.
+In 1877 he was appointed collector of customs. He was quite an old
+gentleman by that time, and the glories of Georgetown's maritime trade
+were beginning to be a thing of the past. In fact, with the coming of
+the railroads, the huge business of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was
+injured, and from then on the commercial importance of the town began to
+dwindle.
+
+Henry D. Cooke, who purchased this house, was the brother of Jay Cooke,
+and came to Washington to manage a branch of his brother's large banking
+enterprise. He was an intimate friend of General Grant, and I have read
+that the general was so fond of his company that he would sit in his
+carriage for an hour outside Mr. Cooke's place of business, waiting for
+him to go driving.
+
+Claude Bowers, in his most interesting book _The Tragic Era_, speaks of
+a brilliant ball given the night before the "breaking of the bubble of
+the Credit Mobilier" in 1873, by Henry D. Cooke. It was in this house
+that the ball took place. Can't you picture the coaches as they rolled
+up to the door, discharging the ladies in their crinolines, laces,
+satins, and flowers, attended by the gentlemen wrapped in the long
+cloaks of that period? Kate Chase Sprague was in the height of her
+beauty and power at that time and was, of course, among the guests on
+that fateful night.
+
+Mr. Cooke was the first governor of the District of Columbia when that
+new form of municipal government was begun, to last through only three
+terms. There were twelve children in the Cooke family then living in
+this house. They were ardent members of St. John's Church--the font
+there being in memory of one little son. Mr. Cooke built Grace Church,
+the little gray stone church down below the canal near High Street
+(Wisconsin Avenue). It was intended for the canal people of whom there
+were many at that time.
+
+Governor Cooke bought a great deal of property and built four sets of
+twin houses along the north side of Stoddert (Q) Street, which were
+called, until a few years ago, Cooke Row. In Number One, near Washington
+(30th) Street, lived one family of his descendants, one of whom, a young
+man, played the piano very well. In Number Three, lived Mrs. Shepherd
+from Philadelphia, a widow, who had one son. He was the first person I
+ever knew to commit suicide. It was a terrible shock to the town when we
+heard one morning that he had shot himself the night before. It was not
+such a common event in the nineties as nowadays.
+
+In one of these houses lived Commodore Nicholson, and in another lived
+Admiral Radford, whose lovely daughter, Sophy, became the bride of
+Valdemar de Meisner, secretary of the Russian Legation. In Number Four,
+lived Mrs. Zola Green with her daughter and her two sisters, named
+Pyle--one of them was called Miss "Chit-Chat." Mr. Green, who was a
+descendant of Uriah Forrest, had been given the name of Oceola after the
+Indian Chief who had saved the life of his father years ago out West.
+
+At Number Five Cooke Row, now 3021 Q Street, lived during the nineties,
+Dr. Walter Reed, of the United States Army, whose name is honored by
+being given to the huge General Hospital in Washington because of his
+association with the discovery of the cause of yellow fever. I recall a
+most delightful party at the Reeds on St. Valentine night in 1899, given
+for friends of their son. When the invitations were sent out, we were
+told the name of the young man or girl to whom our valentine was to be
+written. It was at the time of the tremendous blizzard of that year, and
+we walked to the party between drifts of snow piled higher than our
+heads. But it was anything but cold when we got inside--open fires and
+jollity! Dr. Reed read aloud the poems, one by one, and we had to guess
+the authors and to whom they were addressed. In the library, ensconced
+in mysterious gloom, seated in a corner on the floor was a
+fortune-teller. It was a perfect party!
+
+Next door, at Number Six Cooke Row, for a great many years, lived
+William A. Gordon, junior, and his family. Mr. Gordon wrote some very
+valuable brochures of historical interest about Georgetown and his
+memories of it from his childhood. This house is now the home of Mrs.
+Henry Latrobe Roosevelt. During World War II, this was the home of Sir
+John and Lady Dill, when he was here representing Great Britain on the
+Joint Chiefs of Staff.
+
+At Number Seven lived the Misses Trapier--four old maids again!
+
+J. Holdsworth Gordon, brother of William A. Gordon, built a house across
+the street. For him the Gordon Junior High School has been named, he
+having been for a long time on the board of education.
+
+Next door to him on the east, at number 3020, is an attractive old
+house, and in the nineties it was filled with a family of four charming
+daughters. They were related to the Carters of Virginia, and so had
+given two of the most imposing names of that great family to two small
+fox-terriers that they adored, "King Carter," and "Shirley Carter." The
+latter had met with an accident and had to have one of his hind legs
+amputated, but he got about very nimbly on his other three. They always
+accompanied Colonel B. Lewis Blackford, the head of the house, on his
+trips about town. One day as he was nearing home, an old lady who walked
+with a cane was just about to pass him when "Shirley Carter" hopped
+immediately across his path; "Get out of my way, you damn tripod!" he
+said, in his exasperation, just escaping being tripped up. The old lady,
+thinking the "tripod" referred to her adjunct of a cane, was quite
+infuriated, even to summoning across the street a gentleman who was
+passing, and to wishing him to "call the Colonel out!"
+
+A little further eastward along Stoddert (Q) Street, on the northeast
+corner is the house Mr. Joseph Nourse built in 1868, and where his
+daughter, Miss Emily Nourse, lived all her life. After her death, it was
+sold and somebody put two old lamp-posts at the foot of the entrance
+steps with gas flickering in them continuously--and now there is a story
+around that they were "always" there, and some foolishness about the
+lights "never had gone out" or "must never go out."
+
+Across the street, where the Stoddert Apartment now is, used to be an
+old house, in appearance quite like the one of Judge Chapman's on
+Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street, except for the long, side
+porches. Here lived in the seventies and eighties General Henry Hayes
+Lockwood and his family. His son, James Lockwood, accompanied General
+Greeley on his trip to the North Pole, and was lost there in the Arctic,
+holding the record at that time of having reached farthest North.
+
+A block south, on the northeast corner of Greene (29th) and West (P)
+Streets, is where Alexander Hamilton Dodge lived, who was a partner with
+his brother, Francis, in the shipping business. He was the father of
+Colonel Harrison H. Dodge.
+
+In the days when his children were young, he had a big Newfoundland dog
+which he had raised from a puppy. One rarely sees one now, as tall and
+as big as a half-grown calf, with a coat of wonderful black, curly hair.
+Such pets used to be quite popular, but only once in forty years have I
+run across another. The Dodge's dog was named Argus. So strong and
+docile was he that two children could ride him at the same time. He
+loved the children, took them to school, and gave them "lifts" over wet
+or muddy ground. Do you remember "Nana," in _Peter Pan_? She was a
+Newfoundland dog--just so she nursed her master's children. Returning
+from escort duty in the morning, a locked container was fastened to his
+collar and he would be given the word "office," which was enough. Off
+he'd go, proudly bearing luncheon to his master, who, in return, would
+send back to the family the daily mail (no postmen to deliver in those
+days), perfectly confident of its reaching its destination safely, as
+everybody knew the big dog, and also that he would resent any attempt to
+stop him or take things from him.
+
+One day the cook complained to Mr. Dodge that somebody had evidently
+been robbing the hen's nests, as she was getting fewer eggs than usual.
+Mr. Dodge, going to investigate, met Argus coming down the path from the
+barn wagging his tail majestically, as was his wont when approaching his
+master. Mr. Dodge stopped and held out his hand, saying, "Argus, give me
+that egg," whereupon the obedient dog opened his mouth and out rolled an
+egg, to the great surprise of Mr. Dodge. Did he punish Argus for that?
+Not at all, but he told him he was sorry he was a robber and hoped he'd
+never have cause to scold him again. And he never did!
+
+The interesting-looking house to the east of Hamilton Dodge's, 2811 P
+Street, was built in 1840. That is where the Gordon family were living
+when William A. Gordon, junior, came back from the Civil War. Certainly,
+that must have been a joyous occasion, and there were happy hearts
+within the old walls that night. His sister Josephine (Mrs. Sowers),
+Margaret Robinson (Mrs. Thomas Cox), and Elizabeth Dodge (Mrs. John
+Beall), all exceedingly handsome women, were belles in their youth,
+and a trio of great friends to the end of their lives.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM A. GORDON]
+
+The family of Admiral Sigsbee were living here when the U. S. battleship
+_Maine_, of which he was the captain, was blown up in the harbor of
+Havana in 1898. His wife was a daughter of Admiral Lockwood. It is now
+the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Ihlder.
+
+At 2805 P Street lives Honorable Dean G. Acheson, now Secretary of
+State. For a while, in the latter part of the last century, a quaint and
+very well-known lady made this house her home--Miss Emily V. Mason, of
+Virginia, from whom Mr. Corcoran received friendly and grateful letters,
+thanking him for contributions to her work for "her children," as she
+called them. The letters were written from Europe. She evidently had
+groups of Southern children in various cities for whom she provided,
+using for that purpose money made by her writings, to which she refers.
+I remember how picturesque she was in appearance: a lovely face,
+surrounded by long, white curls, crowned by a wide-brimmed, black bonnet
+tied with a wide ribbon. She seemed to have quite a salon during her
+residence here, serving tea and substantial refreshments to all her
+friends who called in the afternoons.
+
+The iron fence around these houses is made of old musket barrels, used
+during the Mexican War, and was put there by Reuben Daw, who owned a
+large part of this block.
+
+Just across the street from Mr. Acheson used to live a lady, the widow
+of Mr. Hein, the artist, who like "Anna" in the Bible spent all her days
+in the "courts of the Lord," the Catholic Church. She always wore a long
+black coat and a crêpe veil to her heels, rode a bicycle back and forth
+to church, the long veil floating out behind. One evening she was struck
+by an automobile and killed instantly. The niece to whom she had left
+her little house had made an arrangement with a middle-aged woman living
+there that if she took care of "Aunt Martha" she could have the house
+tax free all her days. Her days are still continuing--and with all the
+advance in prices of houses, the niece can't do a thing about the house!
+
+The dear little white frame cottage just above here on Montgomery (28th)
+Street, was built about 1840, and occupied by Benjamin F. Miller, who
+came from Saugerties, New York, as an engineer, to construct the
+Aqueduct Bridge which carried the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal across the
+river to Virginia. And, on the corner of Montgomery (28th) and Stoddert
+(Q) Streets is the last of the big Dodge houses on the corners of
+Georgetown. It is the one built by Robert Perley Dodge in 1850. He and
+his brother, Francis Dodge, junior, used practically the same plans for
+their houses. Robert Dodge was a civil engineer, and, I think, had
+something to do with the planning of the Aqueduct Bridge.
+
+At the outbreak of the Civil War, Robert Dodge became a paymaster in the
+Union Army. After the war, he became identified with the government of
+the District of Columbia, serving as treasurer and auditor for several
+years until he died. It is said he planted the enormous maple trees that
+adorn this block of 28th Street.
+
+During the first World War, when this house had stood a long time
+untenanted and sad, it was opened up as a night club called "The
+Carcassonne," and postals were sent out advertising "Coffee in the Coal
+Bin." These were the days of prohibition. Somebody who lived there
+played the piano, incessantly. The Ballengers had lived here; the
+Powells, and Major Gilliss; and then Mrs. Ruth Hanna McCormick (now Mrs.
+Albert Simms), lived here until she bought three houses down on 30th
+Street below N Street, and made them into one very attractive house with
+an unusual and lovely garden.
+
+Later Honorable Warren Delano Robbins, a first cousin of Franklin D.
+Roosevelt and one of the ushers at his wedding, and at one time Minister
+to Canada, bought this house, changed it somewhat and made it very
+lovely in its new dress of yellow paint on the old plaster.
+
+When he went to Ottawa he leased it to Honorable Dwight F. Davis, former
+Secretary of War, once Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, and
+also donor of the Davis Tennis Cup.
+
+It has now for several years been the home of Mrs. William Corcoran
+Eustis. She is the daughter of one-time Vice-President Paul Morton.
+
+Just across the street from here is the house that Honorable and Mrs.
+Robert Woods Bliss bought when they gave their fine estate, "Dumbarton
+Oaks," to Harvard University. This house was built by Mr. Thomas Hyde
+and was where he and Mrs. Hyde lived till the end of their days. She was
+Fannie Rittenhouse and had grown up in the old house close by, known for
+a hundred years as "Bellevue," but renamed "Dumbarton House," when the
+National Society of Colonial Dames of America bought it for their
+Headquarters in 1928. It is one of the finest, most beautiful, and most
+interesting of the old places of Georgetown. It has always been somewhat
+shrouded in mystery, as to its builder and owner. We do know, of
+course, that this was part of the grant of the Rock of Dumbarton to
+Ninian Beall and, through his son, George, descended to Thomas, who, in
+1783 made his first Addition to George Town. Thomas may have built a
+small house here, but this was not the house where his father, George,
+was living when his wife died and was "buried nearby"--that was on Gay
+(N) Street at the house now 3033 N Street.
+
+In 1796 Thomas Beall of George sold this property to Peter Casanave,
+who, two months later, sold it to Uriah Forrest. He kept it for a
+year--never lived there--and sold it to Isaac Pollock. There was wild
+speculation in real estate at that time on account of the new Federal
+City being located here. After one year Pollock sold the property to
+Samuel Jackson.
+
+It seems that it was then that Samuel Jackson started to build this
+mansion, but got into financial difficulties and it was mortgaged to two
+or three people and finally foreclosed. In 1804 the place was bought by
+Gabriel Duval, then Comptroller of the Currency of the United States,
+afterwards a Justice of the Supreme Court.
+
+In 1805 Joseph Nourse, Registrar of the United States Treasury, who had
+been until that time living on Congress (31st) Street in George Town,
+bought it and lived there until 1813. He had this position from 1789 to
+1829 and was in charge of moving all the records of the Treasury
+Department when the Government moved from Philadelphia to the new
+capital in Washington.
+
+Mr. Nourse had been born in London in 1754; came to Virginia and fought
+in the Revolution. He was secretary to General Charles Lee and Auditor
+of the Board of War. His wife was Maria Louisa Bull of Philadelphia,
+and they had two children, Charles Joseph Nourse, who became a Major in
+the Army, and Anna Maria Josepha, who was a lovely girl and took part in
+the prominent social affairs of the new city. She is spoken of in the
+diary of Sir Augustus Foster, British Minister of that period.
+
+When the National Society of Colonial Dames had this house restored, a
+penny bearing the date 1800 was found in one of the front walls where
+such an identification was often placed, and architects think that
+Samuel Jackson began to build this house, using perhaps the little house
+that was on the property as a wing, and that then Joseph Nourse took it
+over and was really the builder of this fine mansion. It was probably
+intended for entertaining for his beloved daughter, for, after her
+death, which occurred at one of the Virginia springs one summer, he sold
+the place and moved out to a small frame house on a high hill
+overlooking the Federal City. He called his new home "Mount Alban,"
+because it reminded him of the place of the same name in England. It was
+there that the first British martyr, Saint Alban, was killed. Mr. Nourse
+was a very religious man and used to walk about in the grove of oak
+trees surrounding his house and pray that some day a House of God might
+stand upon that spot; that is exactly where the Washington Cathedral is
+now being erected.
+
+Mr. Nourse had many famous guests visit him in his modest home
+there--among them: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, and
+John Quincy Adams.
+
+Mr. Nourse's son, Major Charles Joseph Nourse, married Rebecca Morris
+whose father, Anthony Morris, of Philadelphia, was an intimate and
+life-long friend of Dolly Madison. Major Nourse built the old stone
+house out on the road to Rockville and called it "The Highlands."
+Tradition says that a large box bush at "The Highlands" has grown from a
+tiny sprig of box which Mrs. Madison plucked from her bouquet at the
+inauguration of her husband and gave to Mr. Morris.
+
+[Illustration: DUMBARTON HOUSE]
+
+"The Highlands" was a large household, for Major and Mrs. Nourse had
+eleven children, and Mr. Morris resided there also. They have been a
+very remarkable family, noted for their longevity, their steadfast,
+noble character, and their loyalty to the Episcopal Church. It was from
+the prayers and savings of Phoebe Nourse, who died as a young girl, that
+St. Alban's Church has risen on that ground which she wished to dedicate
+to the glory of God.
+
+"The Highlands" many years later became the home of Admiral and Mrs.
+Gary T. Grayson.
+
+But to return to the old house which blocked Stoddert (Q) Street or Back
+Street, as it was sometimes called. Mr. Nourse sold this house, his
+Georgetown home, in 1813 to Charles Carroll, who gave it the name of
+Bellevue, and thereafter always styled himself "of Bellevue." He was a
+nephew of Daniel Carroll, of Duddington. He also was a great friend of
+Mrs. Madison's, and helped her in her dramatic escape from the White
+House when the British were on their way to burn and plunder it. There
+has always been a story that Daniel Carroll brought her over the road to
+Georgetown, crossing at the P Street bridge, and that she stopped by
+Bellevue. There she is supposed to have met Mr. Madison whom she had not
+seen since early morning. This was the day of the Battle of Bladensburg
+when confusion reigned supreme. At the meeting Mr. and Mrs. Madison
+agreed on the routes and rendezvous of retreat.
+
+From old letters it seems that she continued on out of town to "Weston,"
+the estate of Walter S. Chandler, which was situated near the present
+junction of Massachusetts and Wisconsin Avenues. I can dimly remember
+the quaint white, frame house and the legend of Dolly Madison being
+there. She then went on to the encampment at Tenally Town, where she
+slept in a tent that night under guard, and the next day crossed into
+Virginia.
+
+Mr. Carroll and his brother had not long before become owners of the
+paper mill on Rock Creek just south of Bellevue, so that must have been
+his reason for making it his home.
+
+In 1820 he leased the place to Samuel Whitall, of Philadelphia, whose
+wife was Lydia Newbold. Mr. Whitall was a distinguished-looking old
+gentleman, and used to drive around in a high, two-wheeled gig, the last
+of its kind in the town.
+
+When Charles Carroll died in 1841, the place was bought by the son of
+Mr. and Mrs. Whitall. A daughter, Sarah Whitall, was born at Bellevue in
+1822 and lived there for over seventy years. She married Mr. Rittenhouse
+of Philadelphia. The place remained in the Rittenhouse family until
+1896, when they sold it to Howard Hinckley. In the intervening years,
+its appearance had been greatly changed by a coat of plaster over the
+old bricks, which Mr. Hinckley removed. It was very lovely, both inside
+and out, during the years that Mr. and Mrs. Hinckley made it their home.
+Some very delightful parties were given there. Then candlelight was the
+only illumination, and even the flowers used were redolent of colonial
+days. The rooms were filled with furniture of the right type; and I
+remember that the bedrooms even had the old washstands with holes in the
+tops for bowls and pitchers which also were exactly "right" in their
+period.
+
+After that, Colonel Langfitt leased the house, and a very lovely wedding
+took place out of doors under an enormous tree, when his daughter
+married an officer of the United States Army.
+
+In 1912 it was bought by John L. Newbold, a relative of the Lydia
+Newbold of long ago. After a great deal of agitation on the subject of
+cutting Q Street through, and putting a bridge across Rock Creek to
+connect with the city, the District government in 1915 moved the old
+house to its present location, for it had been sitting exactly in the
+path of progress all these years, there being a George Town Ordinance
+that a street could not be cut through without consent of the owner. I
+only wish progress could have made a circle around the old mansion and
+left it in its setting of stately, primeval trees.
+
+Miss Loulie Rittenhouse, who had been born and reared there, worked
+untiringly for the opening of the street, the bridge, and also for
+Montrose Park, with the salvation of the glorious old oak trees it
+contains.
+
+Slowly, very, very slowly, old Bellevue was placed on huge rollers,
+horses were attached to a windlass, and it almost took a microscope to
+see the progress made day by day, but at last it reached its present
+site, safe and sound. It was necessary to pull down and rebuild the
+wings, as they had no cellars. Of course, the wall is also new.
+
+It was leased during World War I to various people of importance in
+Washington for war work, and finally, in 1928, bought by the National
+Society of Colonial Dames of America. It has been handsomely and
+suitably furnished as a house of the Federal period, and is open to the
+public as a museum house. A beautiful house it is; the usual wide hall
+through the middle, with vistas through the two big doors, four rooms
+opening off it, the two back ones being rounded out at the northern
+ends.
+
+[Illustration: TUDOR PLACE]
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XV
+
+_Tudor Place and Congress (31st) Street_
+
+
+Like the brightest jewel in its crown of old houses, Tudor Place, now
+the home of Armistead Peter, junior, sits high and aloof on the heights
+of Georgetown. Its southern front, shown here, is the one most familiar
+to everyone, and it is the view that I looked out on every day of my
+life for more than a score of years from my father's house on Stoddert
+(Q) Street.
+
+As Mrs. Beverley Kennon, its owner during my youth, was my cousin and
+had her motherless grandchildren living with her, some of my earliest
+recollections are of running round and round the old circle of box in
+front of the north entrance, playing "colors." I never, to this day,
+smell box that I am not back at Tudor Place and see the cobwebs in the
+old bushes bright with raindrops, as box, of course, is really fragrant
+only after rain. Also there were lovely times in the fall when the
+leaves were being raked up by old John, the colored gardener, who would
+let us climb on top of the brilliant load in a wheelbarrow with a crate
+on top of it. Such rides! Old John was a character (and one we loved
+dearly), not much over five feet tall, with grizzled hair and goatee,
+and always wearing an apron tied around his waist and a derby hat on his
+head.
+
+Tudor Place was purchased by Francis Lowndes, one of the prominent
+tobacco merchants and shippers, in 1794, from Thomas Beall of George
+who made a large addition to George Town in 1783, called by his name.
+Mr. Lowndes started to build a mansion, but in 1805 he sold the property
+to Thomas Peter and his wife, the former Martha Parke Custis.
+
+[Illustration: THOMAS PETER]
+
+When the Peters moved to their new home in George Town they used the
+western wing, already built, with its addition on the east, as their
+home, and the eastern wing was their carriage house and stable. This
+fact has been proved by finding below the floors the signs of the old
+stalls, and up in the rafters the corncobs of long ago. I have known
+people who remembered the old yellow coach which often stood out in the
+stable yard, and I've been told that if one dug deep enough its
+cobblestones would still be found.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Peter decided to use the fortune left her by her
+grandmother, Mrs. Washington, to build a stately mansion. They certainly
+succeeded. They engaged as architect Dr. William Thornton, whose plans
+for the Capitol had been accepted in the second competition, as the
+first yielded none sufficiently good.
+
+Dr. Thornton and his wife were intimate friends of the Peters, and a
+beautiful miniature of him, done by her, is now in the possession of one
+of the family. Mrs. Thornton was with Mrs. Peter when the British
+soldiers set fire to the Capitol in 1814, and the two ladies sat at the
+window of what is now the dining room of Tudor Place--the low part
+between the main building and the western wing--and watched the
+conflagration. You can imagine their grief as one saw the work of her
+husband destroyed, and the other, the building which had been so much in
+the mind and heart of her revered grandfather.
+
+There is in existence a very lovely painting of Mrs. Peter at about the
+time of her marriage; a sweet, young girl with light curls, and the
+embodiment of daintiness. Suspended about her neck is, I think, the
+miniature which General Washington had painted for her as a wedding
+gift. When he asked her what she wanted she replied "a replica of
+himself." He was much pleased that a young girl would want a portrait of
+an old man! The photograph reproduced of Thomas Peter is from a portrait
+done by him by his son-in-law, Captain William G. Williams.
+
+While on a visit to Tudor Place occurred the death of Mrs. Peter's
+mother, the former Eleanor Calvert. She was fifty-three years old, and
+had borne twenty children.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. THOMAS PETER (MARTHA PARKE CUSTIS)]
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Peter had a family of eight children. Three of the
+daughters had striking names: America, Columbia, and Britannia.
+
+When General Lafayette paid his visit to Georgetown in 1824 it was, of
+course, most natural that he should be entertained at Tudor Place, as
+Mrs. Peter had known him in her childhood at Mount Vernon. At that time
+America met her husband, Captain Williams, who was acting as an aide for
+the Marquis. In later years, as chief of engineers on the staff of
+General Zachary Taylor, Captain Williams was killed at the Battle of
+Monterey. On that same visit Lafayette presented the youngest child,
+Britannia, a little girl of nine, with a lovely little desk, now in the
+National Museum in the loan collection of her grandson, Walter G. Peter.
+On its under side it has an inscription in the handwriting of Martha
+Custis Peter, telling her daughter its history.
+
+Britannia Wellington Peter was born on January 27, 1815. She died the
+day before her ninety-sixth birthday, and this editorial, from _The
+Baltimore Sun_, gives a fine picture of the changes in the world in the
+years covered by the span of her life:
+
+    A LONG AND INTERESTING LIFE
+
+    Mrs. Britannia Wellington Kennon, who died at Tudor Place, her
+    historic home in Georgetown, on the 26th instant, and who will be
+    buried today, was for many years a most interesting figure in the
+    social life of Washington. She was the last in her generation of the
+    descendants of Mrs. Martha Washington. John Parke Custis, Mrs.
+    Washington's son, left four children. One of his daughters, Martha,
+    married Thomas Peter, and Mrs. Kennon was their daughter. She
+    married Commodore Beverley Kennon, of the United States Navy, whose
+    father was General Richard Kennon, of Washington's staff, a charter
+    member of the Society of the Cincinnati, and a grandson of Sir
+    William Skipwith. Commodore Kennon was killed in 1844 by the
+    explosion on the U. S. S. _Princeton_, so Mrs. Kennon was a widow
+    for more than sixty-six years.
+
+    Tudor Place, Mrs. Kennon's home, was famous for the distinguished
+    guests that were entertained there, among them being General
+    Lafayette, who visited there in 1824. She was the center of an
+    intellectual and cultivated society, and was always in touch with
+    the progress of events in the world.
+
+    Mrs. Kennon was born three weeks after the Battle of New Orleans,
+    and several months before the Battle of Waterloo. Her life spanned
+    the period of the great advance in the appliances of civilization in
+    this and the last century. It was very important that the news of
+    the battle of Waterloo should reach London without delay, and yet
+    with every appliance and speed then known, it took three days for
+    the news to reach England. Indeed, when Mrs. Kennon was thirty-two
+    years of age, it required eight months to travel from New England to
+    Oregon. At the age of fifteen she could have been a passenger on the
+    first passenger railroad train that was ever run; until she was five
+    years old, there was no such thing as an iron plow in all the world,
+    and until she was grown up, the people were dependent on tinder
+    boxes and sun glasses to light their fires. She had reached the age
+    of twenty-three years when steam communication between Europe and
+    America was established, and when the first telegram ever sent
+    passed between Baltimore and Washington she was still a young woman.
+    If all the advances in civilization which took place during the
+    lifetime of this remarkable lady were catalogued, they would make a
+    singularly interesting list.
+
+Mrs. Kennon was left a widow when less than thirty years of age, with
+her one child, Martha Custis Kennon. To Mrs. Kennon and her daughter
+Mrs. Thomas Peter bequeathed Tudor Place, having long survived her
+husband, and her other children having received their inheritance.
+Martha Custis Kennon married her cousin, Dr. Armistead Peter, the son of
+Major George Peter, and so the original surname came back to the place,
+which has never been out of the one family.
+
+Until the death of Mrs. Kennon when they were, of course, divided, there
+was at Tudor Place a very large and valuable collection of Washington
+relics, fascinating things, among them Mrs. Washington's seed-pearl
+wedding jewelry and dress, a set of china made for and presented to
+General Washington by the French government, the bowl given him by the
+Order of the Cincinnati, and numberless other interesting things. In a
+corner of the central room, the saloon, as it is called, was the small
+camp trunk always used by the General. The room on the east, off of
+which opens the conservatory, is the drawing room; that to the west, the
+parlor. The saloon opens out onto the temple, the round porch on the
+south. The two large rooms at each side have lovely cornices, beautiful
+marble mantels and handsome crystal chandeliers; long group windows to
+the floor and very unusual doors of curly maple. At the debut tea of
+Mrs. Kennon's granddaughter, I was helping to serve, when, seeing two
+dear old ladies, one very short, the other very tall, both dressed in
+simple black with big bonnets and long veils, looking about in the crowd
+as if they were trying to see something particular, I went up and asked
+them if I could bring them some refreshments. They said, "No, thank you,
+we really don't want anything, we are just trying to see if there are
+the same ornaments on the table as when Britannia was married." I found
+out afterward that the ornaments were three beautiful alabaster groups
+of classic figures. The two old ladies were Miss Mary and Miss Rosa
+Nourse, of The Highlands.
+
+Britannia Peter was a first cousin of Mary Custis, of Arlington, and was
+one of the bridesmaids at the wedding there which united the daughter of
+George Washington Parke Custis to the handsome United States army
+officer, Robert Edward Lee. The friendship was an enduring one, and
+General Lee visited Tudor Place when he paid his last visit to
+Washington City in 1869.
+
+Britannia Peter was bridesmaid for another first cousin, Helen Dunlop,
+when she was married at Hayes to William Laird.
+
+From the descendant of another one of those bridesmaids at that famous
+wedding at Arlington who, as a young girl, paid long visits to Mary
+Custis, I heard this delicious story: "There being no telephones, when
+the girls at Arlington and at Tudor Place wanted to get together they
+had a series of signals. Hanging a red flannel petticoat out of the
+window meant 'come on over'. A white one had another meaning. This
+method was not popular with the owners of the two mansions, but
+persisted, nevertheless." To prove this, not long ago I went to
+Arlington with the person who told me the story. The room there used by
+the girls of those days does look toward Georgetown. There is a forest
+of tall trees there now but trees can grow very tall in a hundred years.
+
+When my father built his house at the foot of Mrs. Kennon's place, she
+told him she was so glad to have him near by, but chided him for cutting
+off her view of the river.
+
+Until only a few years before her death, Mrs. Kennon sat perfectly erect
+in her chair, never touching the back, and I can remember her as quite
+an old lady, almost flying up the hill of Congress (31st) Street,
+always, of course, in bonnet and long, crêpe veil. She was a member of
+Christ Church, and once many, many years ago when a parish meeting was
+announced to decide some important question, the rector and gentlemen
+were very much surprised on entering the vestry to find Mrs. Kennon
+there waiting for the meeting. She said she wished to have a say in the
+matter, and having no man to represent her, had come herself. So she was
+the original suffragette! Mrs. Kennon was one of the early presidents
+of the Louise Home, and was the first president of the National Society
+of Colonial Dames of America in the District of Columbia.
+
+Before the day of country clubs there used to be a very fine tennis
+court at Tudor Place, on the flat part to the north of the house not far
+from Congress (31st) Street, and it was much used. The Peter boys were
+champions of the District several times. In the first administration of
+President Cleveland, Mrs. Cleveland, a bride, used to drive her husband
+in from Oak View or, as it was popularly called, Red Top, to his office
+at the White House nearly every morning in a low, one-horse phæton. No
+secret-service entourage in those days! In the evenings she came again
+in style in a Victoria, and frequently they would stop opposite Tudor
+Place and watch the game in progress. There was a good deal of intimacy
+between Tudor Place and "Red Top" in those days.
+
+The only football I ever heard of being played at Tudor Place was by a
+team of which my youngest brother was a member. They had nowhere to
+play, so he walked up there one day, and being a very engaging young man
+of about ten years, with big, blue eyes and a charming smile, he asked
+the old lady for permission, which she gave. She used to sit by the long
+window in the parlor and watch them with great interest and pleasure.
+Some other boys thought they would like the same privilege and asked for
+it, but she told me she always asked, "Are you a friend of my little
+cousin?" Only his friends could play there.
+
+Mrs. Kennon lived all her long and active life at Tudor Place, with the
+exception of two brief periods. The first was the year and a half when
+she was living at the Washington Navy Yard with her husband while he was
+stationed there. And the second was when her daughter was at boarding
+school in Philadelphia, just before the Civil War, and she leased the
+place to Mr. Pendleton, a Representative in Congress from Virginia. Of
+course, after the secession of that State, Mr. Pendleton left Washington
+City--but very hurriedly. Mrs. Kennon heard that her home was to be
+taken over by the United States government to be used as a hospital so
+she hastened back and occupied it herself. She took as boarders several
+Federal officers on the one condition that the affairs of the war should
+not be discussed.
+
+The last time I saw her was not many months before her death, sitting in
+a chair in her bedroom and very, very feeble. When I told her good-bye,
+she kept saying something to me over and over, which I couldn't
+understand. Finally I leaned down very close, and heard, "Be a good
+girl." I was then the mother of two children, but to her, just a little
+girl and the daughter of my father and mother, of whom she was very
+fond.
+
+Opposite Tudor Place, where now is a twin apartment house, was until the
+nineteen-twenties a simple old brick house somewhat like the old Mackall
+house on Greene (29th) Street, only minus a portico. When I knew it it
+was the home of the Philip Darneilles--and I remember hearing my mother
+say, "But Mrs. Darneille was a Harry!" Which meant nothing to me until I
+looked up the title to this place, and there I found that all this land
+went right back to Harriot Beall, Mrs. Elisha O. Williams, one of the
+three daughters of Brooke Beall, who was among those wealthy shipping
+merchants who were responsible for Georgetown's early prosperity.
+
+Mrs. Harriot Beall Williams left this property, all the way down to
+Back (Q) Street, to her daughter Harriot Eliza Harry. Through her it
+passed to Harriot Beall Chesley, and then to her daughter, Emily
+McIlvain Darneille. The old house stood untenanted for several years
+until bought for the erection of the apartments.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Darneille had three daughters, the eldest really a beauty
+(the youngest inherited the old name of Harriot), and they had a great
+deal of gaiety there in the nineties. I remember especially the New
+Year's Day receptions they used to have, the many "hacks" overflowing
+with young men, that used to climb the hill. It was the custom in those
+days for the ladies of each household to receive on the afternoon of
+that day. Only gentleman callers came, all dressed in their very best,
+and left their cards for all the ladies of their acquaintance. If you
+weren't receiving (attired in your best, sometimes to the extent of real
+low-necked evening dresses, the dining room table loaded with salads,
+old hams, biscuits, ices, candies, tea and coffee--and always a punch
+bowl on the side) you hung a basket on your front door bell, and the
+callers just deposited their cards and went on to the next place.
+
+What fun the children had, watching the front doors and counting the
+cards; and there was a real thrill when the caller happened to be an
+Army or Navy officer, attired in full-dress uniform with gold braid and
+feathers, having earlier in the day paid his respects at the White
+House.
+
+On part of the Darneille property stands an intriguing frame house. It
+is quite an old house and stood originally several hundred feet to the
+eastward in Mackall Square, the property owned by Christiana Beall
+Mackall, who was the sister of Harriot Beall Williams. So you see one
+sister sold it to the other and it took a trip across Washington (30th)
+Street to reside on Congress (31st) Street. I wonder how they moved it
+in those days, for it was a long, long time ago.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dodge lived there after they left Evermay.
+
+In the 1880's this house, 1633 31st Street, was the home of a very
+interesting and eminent person, John Wesley Powell, American geologist
+and ethnologist. I now quote from the _Encyclopædia Britannica_: "He was
+born at Mount Morris, N. Y., March 24, 1834. His parents were of English
+birth, but had moved to America in 1830, and he was educated at Illinois
+and Oberlin colleges. He began his geological work with a series of
+field trips including a trip throughout the length of the Mississippi in
+a rowboat, the length of the Ohio, and of the Illinois. When the Civil
+War broke out he entered the Union Army as a private, and at the battle
+of Shiloh he lost his right arm but continued in active service,
+reaching the rank of major of volunteers. In 1865 he was appointed
+professor of geology and curator of the museum in the Illinois Wesleyan
+university at Bloomington, and afterwards at the Normal university.
+
+In 1867 he commenced a series of expeditions to the Rocky Mountains and
+the canyons of the Green and Colorado rivers, during the course of which
+(1869) he made a daring boat-journey of three months through the Grand
+Canyon; he also made a special study of the Indians and their languages
+for the Smithsonian Institution, in which he founded and directed a
+bureau of ethnology. His able work led to the establishment under the U.
+S. Government of the geographical and geological survey of the Rocky
+Mountain region with which he was occupied from 1870 to 1879. This
+survey was incorporated with the United States geological and
+geographical survey in 1879, when Powell became director of the bureau
+of ethnology. In 1881, Powell was appointed director also of the
+geological survey, a post which he occupied until 1894. He died in
+Haven, Me., on Sept. 23, 1902."
+
+On two panes of glass in the front windows of this old house are names
+etched by a diamond--on one is "Genevieve Powell," under it "Louis Hill"
+and under that "1884." She probably was the daughter of Mr. Powell.
+
+On the other pane of glass is etched "Moses and Mary." To the owners of
+the house that means nothing, but to me it means "Moses Moore," who was
+not a man but a woman (whose real name was "Frank"), and Mary Compton,
+both of whom I knew and still know.
+
+In the nineties it was for awhile the home of Mrs. Donna Otie Compton,
+who was the daughter of Bishop James Hervey Otie, first Episcopal Bishop
+of Tennessee. She was a picturesque figure, attired in her widow's cap
+and long crêpe veil. Mrs. Compton had four daughters who were great
+belles.
+
+Then for a good many years it stood there looking quite deserted, for
+old Mr. Arnold, its owner, was almost a cripple and one rarely saw him
+making his way up the street with great difficulty. Now General and Mrs.
+Frank R. McCoy have bought it and made it a charming house with a lovely
+garden.
+
+Through the alley just north of here, described in the title as "a
+private road," we can reach another house built on that same property of
+the Harry's, but just who built it I do not know. It also was vacant
+when I was a girl, for I remember going to a Fair there one night in the
+spring when it had been loaned for some charity. In 1930 the house was
+bought by Miss Harriet and Miss Mary Winslow, who have added a lovely
+music room at the rear, but have kept the old-time appearance of the
+house. A mammoth oak tree, the pride of the owners, stands near the
+house.
+
+The next house on Congress (31st) Street has another fine oak tree in
+front of it, and used to have a companion even larger on the other side
+of the walk. This property also came through Mrs. Harriot Beall Williams
+to Mrs. Brooke Williams, senior, and her daughter, Mrs. Johns, who lived
+there with her family.
+
+A romantic story is told of how Captain William Brooke Johns, of the
+United States Army, one day saw at a picnic the beautiful Miss Leonora
+de la Roche, and fell in love with her immediately. But, since it was
+not considered good form in those days to be presented to a lady at a
+picnic, he watched her from a distance all day. The next afternoon he
+went to call. It was a case of love at first sight for both, and the
+wedding soon followed, with all the military splendor. As was told
+before, when the Civil War came he left the Union Army. Captain Johns
+had quite a talent for carving, and did a very good medallion of General
+Grant, who continued always to be a true friend to him. He also invented
+a tent which was used during the Civil War by the Northern Army.
+
+This house was, for more than a generation, the home of Colonel and Mrs.
+John Addison.
+
+At that time it was a two-story house, with quite a different roof. It
+was a big, merry household with four sons and four daughters. The
+daughters were reigning belles in those days, and the old custom of
+serenading was much in vogue. One lovely moonlight night four swains
+with their guitars stationed themselves under the windows of the
+handsome old house and sang plaintive love songs for an hour or more.
+Finally a shutter was pushed open very gently, and the four hearts went
+pitter-patter, anticipating the sight of a lovely young girl's face.
+Instead, appeared an old, black one, capped by a snowy turban, and these
+words floated down: "I'se sorrie, gen'le-men, but de young ladies is all
+gone out--but I sure is pleased wid you-all's music!" The quartet was
+composed of Summerfield McKenney, Frank Steele, and a young Noyes, of
+the family now for many years identified with _The Evening Star_, and
+another whose name I do not know.
+
+It was while the Addisons were living here that Commodore Kennon was so
+tragically killed on the _Princeton_.
+
+One afternoon the youngest member of the Addison family, a little girl,
+was swinging in the yard when a carriage came up the street and turned
+in at the gate of Tudor Place, across the street. In it she saw her
+older brother, John. Much mystified, she ran to her mother, telling her
+how strange it seemed for "brother John" to be coming up the hill in a
+carriage, and not coming home. It turned out that he had been sent to
+notify Mrs. Thomas Peter of the sudden death of her son-in-law.
+
+In later years Brooke Williams, junior, lived here and, still later,
+George W. Cissel. The chapel of the Presbyterian Church on West (P)
+Street is named for this family. The house is now the home of Mr.
+Alfred Friendly, the well-known newspaper man.
+
+Next door, where there is now a big apartment house, used to be a large,
+double brick house, which was for many years the home of Abraham Herr,
+who with the Cissels conducted an important flour-milling business in
+Georgetown. His son, Austin Herr, was a fine figure of a man, and was, I
+think, a promoter. I distinctly remember as a little girl his return
+from a trip to China and the tales of all the treasures he had brought
+back with him--not so common then as now.
+
+At No. 1669, in the eighties lived one of the oddest characters--Mrs.
+Dall. She had come from Massachusetts many years before to teach at Miss
+English's Seminary. While there she received frequent visits from young
+Mr. Dall who was an assistant at Christ Church while finishing his
+course at the Episcopal Seminary near Alexandria. The gentleman stayed
+so late sometimes--probably until eleven o'clock--that Miss English had
+to ask him to mend his ways. The courtship resulted in a marriage, but
+before long the bridegroom went off to India as a missionary to convert
+the heathen. After some years the news came that, instead, he had been
+converted to Hinduism. At last he was coming home. It was in the spring
+and, of course, there had to be a spring cleaning, which took several
+days. One night about twelve o'clock, when the peace of the old-time
+world, minus the automobile and blaring radio, lay over old Georgetown,
+the clop-clop of horses' hoofs was heard coming up Congress Street,
+stopping in front of Mrs. Dall's. Then there was a great knocking on the
+door--a window was raised and a voice called: "Who is that?" "It's
+Henry." Came back from the wife: "Well, I'm in the midst of
+house-cleaning. Go on down to the Willard and stay until I send for
+you." A warm welcome, and one not approved of by the neighbors who had
+heard the conversation through their windows.
+
+Mrs. Dall was not very popular in Georgetown, it being overwhelmingly
+Southern in its sympathies and she being an abolitionist. I can dimly
+remember her padding down 31st Street, for so her progress might be
+called from the form of footwear she wore, it had no form--the queerest,
+high, shapeless boots. She wore a little close-fitting bonnet and a
+long, loose, grayish cape. She was a most particular person in some
+ways. A lady who lived there as a housekeeper said she was never allowed
+to leave her thimble on the window sill for a few moments; and it was
+well known that when a caller rang the front door bell the maid who
+answered had orders to scan the costume closely. If there was "bugle
+trimming" among its adornments the caller was shown into the parlor on
+the right side, where the furniture was all stuffed and no harm could be
+done, but if the clothes were devoid of the shiny, scratchy gear, she
+might safely be allowed to enter and sit upon the polished mahogany of
+the room on the left of the hall. She used to have a sort of salon for
+long-haired scientists and exponents of all sorts of "isms."
+
+Another story I've heard was about her going out to Normanstone to stay
+for a rest. One morning after breakfast, having had a plentiful helping
+of oatmeal with lots of cream, her hostess remarked to Mrs. Dall how
+well she looked. "Yes," she said, she "felt well," and ended up with "a
+little starvation is always good for one." Is it a wonder she wasn't
+greatly beloved?
+
+[Illustration: LLOYD BEALL]
+
+A very handsome and imposing old gentleman, Mr. Joe Davis, who was a
+bachelor, lived here in the nineties. I remember him always, in his
+frock coat and high silk hat. This was where Mr. and Mrs. Fulton Lewis
+lived for many years and where their son, Fulton Lewis, junior, the
+noted radio commentator, grew up.
+
+The house has been for several years the home of the Honorable and Mrs.
+Francis E. Biddle. He was the Attorney-General under President Franklin
+D. Roosevelt. Mrs. Biddle, whose pen name is Katharine Garrison Chapin,
+is an eminent poet.
+
+Adjoining Tudor Place on the north live the Bealls, descendants of Lloyd
+Beall, who sold his patrimony in southern Maryland and converted the
+proceeds to equipping and sustaining his company during the
+Revolutionary War. He was adjutant on the staff of General Alexander
+Hamilton and was wounded at Germantown. Later he was captured by the
+British, but escaped by swimming the Santee River. The effect of this
+performance is shown by the water-logging on his commission which he
+carried in his pocket.
+
+After being mustered out of the army he came to live in Georgetown, but
+just where his home was I cannot discover. He served as mayor of the
+town three times--in 1797, 1798 and 1799.
+
+Upon the reorganization of the army he was reinstated, and died in
+command of the arsenal at Harper's Ferry. The Bealls who live here are
+also descended from Francis Dodge and from William Marbury.
+
+In the seventies Frederick L. Moore came in to Georgetown from the
+country and built his home next door, so as to be between his two
+friends, John Beall and Joseph H. Bradley. The Bradleys no longer own
+this house nor their ancestral estate which was Chevy Chase, where the
+club of that name now is. Abraham Bradley came with the government from
+Philadelphia, as Assistant Postmaster-General. He made his home in
+Washington City and then bought Chevy Chase as his country estate. He
+was living there in August, 1814, when the British came to Washington.
+It is said that several members of the cabinet took refuge with him
+there during those two or three dreadful days and brought with them
+valuable records. His old house was mostly destroyed by fire several
+years ago.
+
+His grandson, Joseph Henry Bradley, built the house at number 1688 31st
+Street. At the time of Lincoln's assassination he was living out in the
+country near Georgetown. He bore a remarkable resemblance to John Wilkes
+Booth and on April 15, 1865, the night after the tragic event in Ford's
+Theater, he was driving home in his buggy along a lonely road when he
+was held up by policemen and arrested. When he protested, he was told
+that he was John Wilkes Booth and was taken to jail. He insisted he was
+not, but to no avail. After a good while he got in touch with friends
+who identified him and he was released and went home. His wife had
+thought that her colored servants had been behaving strangely all day,
+but though living not more than five miles from the scene of the great
+tragedy, she herself had no knowledge of it.
+
+In later years Mr. Bradley and his father, Joseph Habersham Bradley, who
+practiced law together, served as counsel in the famous John Surratt
+trial.
+
+This house is now the home of Robert A. Taft, Senator from Ohio.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XVI
+
+_Evermay, the Heights, and Oak Hill_
+
+
+Evermay, on Montgomery (28th) Street, is one of the show-places of
+Georgetown. Its fascinating garden is shown every spring for the benefit
+of Georgetown Children's House by its owner, the Honorable F. Lamot
+Belin, at one time Ambassador to Poland. He removed the cream-colored
+paint from the old house, revealing the lovely old-rose brick, and built
+the wall and the lodge at the gate when he bought the place in 1924.
+Evermay used to extend all the way down to Stoddert (Q) Street. The
+original boundary is the little old stone in the corner of the property
+of Mrs. Thomas Bradley on Q and 28th Streets.
+
+Evermay was built by Samuel Davidson with proceeds from the sale of
+property to the United States government. This included land for the
+northern part of the "President's Square," (the David Burns-Davidson
+property line passing directly through the White House) and adjacent
+Federal property including Lafayette Park. He willed his estate to Lewis
+Grant, a nephew in Scotland, upon condition of his assuming the Davidson
+surname.
+
+Samuel Davidson is buried in the portion of Oak Hill Cemetery which was
+formerly part of the estate. Mr. Davidson must have been rather a
+strange person; certainly he was determined not to be bothered by
+people, for this is the advertisement he published:
+
+    Evermay proclaims,
+    Take care, enter not here,
+    For punishment is ever near.
+
+    Whereas, the height called Evermay, adjoining this town, is now
+    completely enclosed with a good stone wall in part and a good post
+    and rail fence thereto, this is to forewarn at their peril, all
+    persons, of whatever age, color, or standing in society, from
+    trespassing on the premises, in any manner, by day or by night;
+    particularly all thieving knaves and idle vagabonds; all rambling
+    parties; all assignation parties; all amorous bucks with their
+    dorfies, and all sporting bucks with their dogs and guns.
+
+    My man, Edward, who resides on the premises, has my positive orders
+    to protect the same from all trespassers as far as in his power,
+    with the aid of the following implements, placed in his hands for
+    that purpose, if necessary, viz:--Law, when the party is worthy of
+    that attention and proper testimony can be had, a good cudgel,
+    tomahawk, cutlass, gun and blunderbuss, with powder, shot and
+    bullets, steel traps and grass snakes.
+
+    It is Edward's duty to obey my lawful commands. In so doing, on this
+    occasion, I will defend him at all risques and hazards. For the
+    information of those persons who may have real business on the
+    premises, there is a good and convenient gate. But Mark! I do not
+    admit mere curisoity an errand of business. Therefore, I beg and
+    pray of all my neighbors to avoid Evermay as they would a den of
+    devils, or rattle snakes, and thereby save themselves and me much
+    vexation and trouble.
+
+    June 2, 1810           SAMUEL DAVIDSON.
+
+Lewis Grant's daughter married Charles Dodge, they being one of the four
+couples who had the very early morning wedding at Francis Dodge's home
+on the corner of Stoddert (Q) Street and Congress (31st) Street. Apropos
+of this there is a prized letter of four closely written pages from
+Charles Dodge to his father, announcing that he had reached the age of
+twenty-one and asking the parental gift of what might be "his due." He
+ended by saying he "hoped he approved of his engaging in the estate of
+Holy Matrimony, for without that blissful comsummation his life would be
+void of happiness forevermore." His father's concise reply was in four
+lines: "Attend carefully whatever business you engage in, put off your
+marriage as long as possible, and get religion!"
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dodge did not live always at Evermay. It was sold
+to Mr. John D. McPherson, and the Dodges went to live in the old frame
+house opposite the gate of Tudor Place.
+
+For many years the McPhersons leased Evermay to Mr. William B. Orme and,
+certainly, during those years the spectre of the inhospitality of its
+first owner was laid, for the Ormes were noted for their delightful
+parties and there, too, were June weddings with charming brides.
+
+One morning in 1905 a group of Georgetown ladies met at Evermay and
+formed a little literary club (which is still in existence) composed of
+thirty-five members. It still bears the name of The Evermay Club. It met
+there regularly once a month as long as it was the home of Mrs. Orme,
+but nowadays the club moves from house to house. One summer the Ormes
+rented Evermay to a Hawaiian princess, who enjoyed it with her family.
+
+Just across the street from Evermay is what is known as Mackall Square.
+The old mansion sits so far back in the middle of the square and is so
+embowered in trees that it is not easily seen from either Montgomery
+(28th) or Greene (29th) Street. It is a simple and lovely colonial brick
+with old wooden additions on the back, and has been there a long, long
+time. But it is not the first house that was on that spot, for the one
+that was there was the frame house which was moved over opposite the
+gate of Tudor Place.
+
+Benjamin Mackall married a daughter of Brooke Beall, and with the money
+inherited from her father's estate they bought this property and built
+the house.
+
+In 1821 a trust was placed on the property, and in the title is recorded
+"no encumbrance except a small wooden house in which Mrs. Margaret Beall
+now lives, in which she has her life interest."
+
+Benjamin Mackall was a brother of Leonard Mackall. Their father owned
+large estates in Calvert and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland, and
+his products were sent to the Georgetown market; so it happened that his
+sons met the daughters of Brooke Beall, one of the important merchants
+shipping grain and tobacco to England.
+
+This land was part of the Rock of Dumbarton, and Benjamin's wife was
+named Christiana. I wonder if by any chance they could have given her
+that name in commemoration of another Christiana who is spoken of in an
+old, old surveyor's book thus:
+
+    Surveyed for George Beall 18 January, 1720. Beginning at the bounded
+    Red Oak standing at the end of N. N. W. tract of land called Rock of
+    Dunbarton on the south side of a hill near the place where
+    Christiana Gun was killed by the Indians.
+
+Louis Mackall, their son, was born in this house and inherited the place
+in 1839. He was a well-known physician, but a large part of his life was
+spent at the old country home of the Mackalls, Mattaponi, in Prince
+Georges County, and there his son, Louis, was born in 1831. His father
+brought him to Georgetown when he was under ten years of age, and
+entered him in Mr. Abbott's school, from whence he went to Georgetown
+College and Maryland Medical University. He established a large practice
+in Georgetown and married Margaret McVean. Their home was not here but
+on Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street, and they had a son,
+again Louis, who also went into the medical profession.
+
+[Illustration: THE OLD MACKALL HOUSE]
+
+This house was vacant when I was a girl and I remember very distinctly
+going to a dance there one heavenly moonlight night in June when it was
+loaned to the O. T. That was a little club of boys about my own
+age--"Only Ten"--but the meaning of the name was a secret then. During
+the next two years they followed the example of the I. K. T. by giving
+dances in Linthicum Hall during the Christmas holidays.
+
+The I. K. T. was a group of boys two or three years older than the O. T.
+My brother was one of them, and when I asked him a year or two ago what
+the letters meant he said he couldn't tell; it was still a secret, like
+a fraternity. They had a pin somewhat like a fraternity pin. I still
+have the engraved invitations that both clubs sent out for their dances,
+with the names of the members underneath.
+
+After having been vacant for years this place was bought by Mr. Hermann
+Hollerith in the early 1900's. He did not make his home here but built a
+house farther down on Greene (29th) Street, where his family still live.
+They continue to rent the old house. Hermann Hollerith was the inventor
+of the tabulating machine which is used by the International Business
+Machine Corporation, and his work was done in a little house down on
+Thomas Jefferson Street. His wife was Miss Lucia Talcott.
+
+Immediately opposite the steps on Greene (29th) Street which lead up to
+this dear old place are other high steps which lead to a place called
+Terrace Top. Here it was that in the winter of 1920-'21 two very
+charming people came to rest in what they considered the most attractive
+of American cities. They were Julia Marlowe and E. H. Sothern.
+
+While they were here Miss Marlowe was honored by George Washington
+University at its one hundredth anniversary, on February twenty-second,
+by receiving the degree of D. D. L., a most unusual honor for a woman.
+This house is now the home of Mr. Herbert Elliston, editor of the
+_Washington Post_.
+
+All of this land was still, of course, Beall property, and somehow it
+all seemed to pass down through the women, for the next place to the
+west originally belonged to Miss Eliza Beall, a daughter of Thomas Beall
+of George, who married George Corbin Washington, great-nephew of General
+Washington. He was a grandson of John Augustine Washington and Hannah
+Bushrod. He was president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company,
+member of Congress from Maryland, and a prominent candidate for the
+Vice-Presidency at the time Winfield Scott was nominated for President.
+
+Their son was the Lewis Washington who was living near Harper's Ferry at
+the time of John Brown's raid, and was taken prisoner by him and held as
+a hostage until released by Colonel Robert E. Lee and his United States
+troops when they arrived on the scene.
+
+Miss Eleanor Ann Washington, the daughter of the house, was skilled in
+painting and did miniatures of her mother and of other members of her
+family. She also used to sketch in the beautiful woods north of her
+father's home, which soon after became Oak Hill Cemetery, and she was
+the first person to be buried in its grounds.
+
+George Corbin Washington married a second time, a girl who had been
+almost like a daughter in his house, Ann Thomas Beall Peter, of whom his
+wife had been very fond. Both of the wives of George Corbin Washington
+were descended from the Reverend John Orme, a distinguished clergyman of
+Maryland in colonial days.
+
+After the death of Mr. Washington the place was sold and became the home
+of Senator Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana, who was deprived of his seat in
+the Senate during the Civil War because of his sympathy with the South.
+
+For a long time this place belonged to Columbus Alexander, but in recent
+years it has changed hands several times. It had been leased by the
+Honorable Dwight Morrow to be his home while Senator from New Jersey,
+but his sudden death the summer before of course changed that
+arrangement.
+
+During World War II it was the home of General William (Wild Bill)
+Donovan, head of OSS, and is now the home of Mr. Philip Graham,
+publisher of the _Washington Post_.
+
+All of this property of The Heights belonged, as I have said, to Thomas
+Beall, and after 1783 it was rapidly being "developed," as they say
+nowadays. It is interesting to follow out how it all happened and how
+relatives wished to live one another.
+
+Directly across Washington (30th) Street, a large piece of land was sold
+by Thomas Beall in 1798 to William Craik, who was the son of that Dr.
+Craik who attended General Washington in his last illness. He evidently
+intended to build a home here, but Mrs. Craik died and he soon followed
+her. She was Miss Fitzhugh, a sister of Mrs. George Washington Parke
+Custis, of Arlington.
+
+How I wish there were in existence a picture of the house which David
+Peter built in 1808 when he bought this piece of land. The house must
+have stood among handsome trees, for it was called Peter's Grove, and we
+can look at the oaks still standing in near-by places and visualize
+those which surrounded this house.
+
+David Peter was a son of Robert Peter. He married Sarah Johns, and had
+two daughters and one son, Hamilton. After his death Mrs. David Peter
+married John Leonard, and the place was sold, in the thirties, to
+Colonel John Carter, Representative in Congress from South Carolina. His
+wife was Eleanor Marbury, one of that large family of girls in the old
+house on Bridge (M) Street. The house was then renamed Carolina Place.
+
+For a while it was occupied by the Honorable John F. Crampton, Minister
+from England. It was during this time that a treaty was settled by him
+with Daniel Webster concerning the Newfoundland fisheries. A little
+later Count de Sartiges, the French Minister, lived here.
+
+About that time the house was destroyed by fire and the land was sold by
+John Carter O'Neal, of the Inniskillen Dragoons, son of Anne Carter who
+had married an Englishman, to Henry D. Cooke.
+
+The western part of this square was bought in 1805 by Mrs. Elisha O.
+Williams. She was Harriot Beall, daughter of Brooke Beall, the third of
+these sisters to settle on The Heights, and she also bought her home
+with money inherited from her father's estate.
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF BROOKE WILLIAMS]
+
+Six months after buying the property Mrs. Williams was left a widow. She
+built a home and lived there with her small children, and thirty years
+later gave the northern part of her land to her son, Brooke Williams and
+his wife, Rebecca. It was on the spot where the Home for the Blind now
+stands.
+
+Mrs. Rebecca Williams was a very beautiful woman and all her children
+inherited her beauty. The daughter who was named Harriot Beall for her
+grandmother became the most famous girl who ever grew up in Georgetown.
+The romantic story of her marriage to Baron Bodisco, the Russian
+Minister, runs thus:
+
+     It all started with a Christmas party which the baron gave for his
+     nephews, Waldemar and Boris Bodisco. To this party all of the boys
+     and girls were invited, and great bonfires lighted the way, for
+     there was little gas in those days.
+
+Among those who came was Harriot Beall Williams, the beautiful
+sixteen-year-old daughter of Brooke Williams, senior. Baron Bodisco, a
+bachelor of sixty-three, became completely enamored of Miss Williams
+that evening, and it is said that the next morning he walked up the hill
+to meet and escort her to school--the school, of course, being the same
+Seminary of Miss English.
+
+My story is copied almost entirely from Miss Sally Somervell Mackall's
+_Early Days of Washington_, for nothing could improve on that:
+
+    Miss Williams' family were much opposed to the marriage, and at one
+    time the engagement came near being broken. She told Mr. Bodisco
+    that "her grandmother and everybody else thought he was entirely too
+    old and ugly." His reply was that she might find someone younger and
+    better looking, but no one who would love her better than he did.
+
+    They were married in June, 1849, at four o'clock in the afternoon,
+    at her mother's home on Georgetown Heights. Only the immediate
+    relatives and the bridal party witnessed the ceremony, after which
+    there was a brilliant reception. The wedding party formed a circle
+    and just back of them on a sofa sat a row of aged ladies in
+    lace-trimmed caps, among them her grandmother, Harriot Williams and
+    her three sisters, Mrs. Benjamin Mackall, Mrs. William Stewart,
+    senior, and their cousin, Mrs. Leonard Hollyday Johns, senior, all
+    of whom were between seventy and eighty years of age.
+
+    The mariage ceremony was performed by her cousin, Reverend Hollyday
+    Johns, the second. Her trousseau came from abroad, and her bridal
+    robe was a marvel of rich white satin and costly lace which fell in
+    graceful folds around her; the low-cut dress showed to perfection
+    her lovely white shoulders and neck. On her fair brow and golden
+    hair was worn a coronet of rarest pearls, the gift of the groom. The
+    effect was wonderfully brilliant. As her father was not living, her
+    hand was given in marriage by Henry Clay.
+
+    The groom wore his court dress of velvet and lace. All the
+    bridesmaids, seven in number, were beautiful girls about her own
+    age. Their gowns were figured white satin, cut low in the neck with
+    short sleeves and trimmed with blond lace; their hair was simply
+    dressed without ornaments. The bridesmaids were: her sister Gennie
+    Williams, Sarah Johns, Jessie Benton, Ellen Carter, Eliza Jane
+    Wilson, Emily Nichols, Mary Harry, and Helen Morris, daughter of
+    Commodore Morris. Each bridesmaid was presented with a ring set with
+    her favorite stone. The groomsmen were Henry Fox, the British
+    Minister in scarlet court dress; Mr. Dunlop, Minister from Texas;
+    Mr. Martineau, Minister from the Netherlands; Mr. Buchanan, who had
+    been Minister to Russia, and was then Senator, and afterwards
+    President of the United States; Baron Saruyse, the Austrian
+    Minister; Martin Van Buren; Mr. Kemble Paulding, whose father was
+    Secretary of the Navy at that time; Mr. Forsythe, whose father was
+    Secretary of State. Each minister had his own carriage and
+    attendants dressed in livery. The house and grounds were thronged
+    with noted guests, strolling amid sweet-scented flowers and lemon
+    trees hanging with rich golden fruit.
+
+    Among the distinguished guests were President Van Buren; Daniel
+    Webster; all the Diplomatic Corps and a host of other notables,
+    including James Gordon Bennett of _The New York Herald_.
+
+    The bride was taken to her new home in Mr. Bodisco's gilded coach
+    with driver and footman in bright uniform, drawn by four horses. The
+    same afternoon, Mr. Bodisco gave a dinner to just the bridal party.
+    At nine o'clock the same day he gave a general reception for the
+    families of the attendants. The morning after the wedding the
+    bridesmaids took breakfast with the bride and, girl-like, as soon as
+    breakfast was over, went on an investigating tour. In her boudoir
+    they found many beautiful things, among them an old-fashioned
+    secretary, with numerous drawers, one was filled with ten dollar
+    gold pieces, another with silver dollars, another with ten-cent
+    pieces, another with the costliest of jewels, and still another with
+    French candy.
+
+    The next week Mr. Bodisco gave a grand ball, on which occasion
+    Madame Bodisco wore her bridal robe. Shortly after the wedding,
+    President Van Buren gave a handsome dinner at the White House in
+    honor of Madame Bodisco and Mrs. Decantzo, another bride. To this
+    dinner all the bridal party were invited. Madame Bodisco wore a
+    black watered silk, trimmed with black thread lace and pearl
+    ornaments. President Van Buren sent his private carriage and his
+    son, Martin, to escort Ellen Carter (an adopted daughter of Jeremiah
+    Williams who was an important shipping merchant of the town) to the
+    dinner. The President thought Miss Carter like her Aunt Marion
+    Stewart of New York, to whom he was engaged while Governor of that
+    State. At the dinner table he drank wine with her, and again in the
+    reception room. Miss Carter afterwards married Paymaster Brenton
+    Boggs of the United States Navy.
+
+    On another occasion at one of the diplomatic dinners given at the
+    White House, Madame Bodisco wore a rich, white watered silk, the
+    sleeves, waist and skirt embroidered with pale rosebuds with
+    tender green leaves. Her jewels were diamonds and emeralds.
+
+[Illustration: MADAME BODISCO]
+
+Alexander de Bodisco was born in Moscow on the 30th of October, 1786,
+and died at his residence in Georgetown on the 23rd of January, 1854,
+having filled the post of Russian Envoy to the United States for about
+seventeen years. He was in Vienna in 1814 during the famous Congress
+which settled the affairs of the continent, and was afterward charge
+d'affaires at Stockholm. At his funeral his two nephews, Boris and
+Waldemar, both very handsome and dressed in white uniforms, marched on
+either side of the hearse, accompanied by attachés of the legation and
+members of the household in uniform.
+
+All during my childhood the Williams house stood gaunt and untenanted,
+the personification of a haunted house. If only a place with such a
+history could have been renovated and kept, instead of disappearing
+entirely from Georgetown.
+
+On the next block at 3238 R Street is the house, now somewhat changed,
+where lived General H. W. Halleck, chief-of-staff of the army during the
+Civil War. After the war General U. S. Grant made it his home until he
+became president. Later, until about 1900, it was the home of Colonel
+John J. Joyce, a picturesque figure with his leonine head and long white
+hair and mustache and black sombrero. It was said he had been the Goat
+of the Whiskey Ring. In the last years of his life a lively dispute
+arose between him and Ella Wheeler Wilcox as to which was the author of
+the lines
+
+    Laugh, and world laughs with you,
+    Weep, and you weep alone!
+
+[Illustration: MOUNT HOPE. THE WILLIAM ROBINSON HOUSE]
+
+It was much discussed in the newspapers at the time. Colonel Joyce's
+tombstone in Oak Hill bears a likeness of him carved upon its face.
+
+In the early days of the New Deal this house was rented by a group of
+young men, among them Tommy Corcoran and Ben Cohen, who were responsible
+for helping to frame much of the legislation of that eventful time. It
+was known then as the "Big Red House on R Street."
+
+The southwest corner of Road (R) Street and High (Wisconsin Avenue) was
+the land owned by Thomas Sim Lee, who had been Governor of Maryland.
+Every winter he came from his estate, Needwood, to spend several months
+in Georgetown, in his house on the northwest corner of Bridge (M) Street
+and Washington (30th) Street, which was for a long time the headquarters
+of the Federal Party. He died in 1819 before he could build here the
+mansion he contemplated.
+
+Until about 1935 the old reservoir sat here, high up like a crown, until
+the Georgetown Branch of the Public Library was built.
+
+The little street below here which runs west from Valley (32nd) Street,
+now called Reservoir Road, was originally named the New Cut Road, due to
+the fact that it was cut through to connect with the Conduit Road, now
+renamed MacArthur Boulevard which covers the conduit bringing the water
+from Great Falls to Washington.
+
+On the southwest corner of Road (R) Street and High (Wisconsin Avenue)
+stood the imposing mansion of Mr. William Robinson, who was a very fine
+lawyer in the middle of the nineteenth century. He was a Virginian who
+had settled in Georgetown. He called his home Mount Hope and a
+wonderful situation it had, commanding a view of the entire city and the
+river. At that time the western wing was the ballroom, with domed
+ceiling circled by cupids and roses.
+
+Mr. Robinson's beautiful daughter, Margaret, married Thomas Campbell
+Cox, son of Colonel John Cox, and they lived at Mount Hope until they
+moved to Gay Street. I remember Mrs. Cox as an old lady, still
+beautiful, and regal in bearing. The Weaver family lived there after
+that until the early 1900's, when this place was used as the Dumbarton
+Club. It had very good tennis courts, and for a while a nine-hole golf
+course where the suburb of Berleith is now.
+
+Then Mr. Alexander Kirk, Ambassador to Egypt, bought the place and made
+a good many changes, including the addition of a swimming-pool.
+
+Afterward Mrs. Evalyn Walsh McLean purchased it and renamed it
+Friendship, after the former estate of the same name out on Wisconsin
+Avenue, where many famous parties had been given. Here she continued her
+lavish entertainments and during World War II contributed generously to
+the pleasure of members of the armed services.
+
+The large house, number 3406, in the middle of the next square, was
+built in the early 1800's by Leonard Mackall, one of the two sons of
+Benjamin Mackall of Prince Georges County, Maryland, who came to
+Georgetown. He married Catherine Beall, another daughter of Brooke
+Beall. Mr. Beall, as seems to have been the custom in those days, had
+given this square to his daughter and her husband. The place was bought
+by Dr. Charles Worthington's family when they left their home on
+Prospect Street and was held by his descendants, the Philips, for many
+years, although the latter part of the time none of them lived there,
+but rented the place.
+
+It has been for a good many years now the home of Mrs. Frank West, who
+has made a beautiful rose garden and christened it Century House. The
+house itself has charming rooms, all opening to the south, as so many
+old-fashioned houses had, and several porches.
+
+I have spoken of Colonel Cox and the row of houses he built on First (N)
+Street and Frederick (34th) Street, where he lived for a while in the
+house on the corner. That must have been in the period of his first
+marriage to Matilda Smith, who was a sister of Clement Smith, well-known
+as the first cashier of the Farmer's and Mechanic's Bank, later its
+president. Colonel and Mrs. Cox had three children, one of whom was
+named Clement.
+
+After his marriage to Jane Threlkeld they built a lovely house on part
+of the old Berleith estate next door to the old Threlkeld home, which
+had been burned. They called their home The Cedars. It stood where the
+Western High School now stands, and it is difficult to realize that
+there, in my memory, was a home most delightfully private and charming.
+
+Turning back eastward along Road (R) Street just opposite Mount Hope,
+the pretty old light brick house is where the Marburys lived after they
+moved up on The Heights. He called himself Mr. John Marbury, junior, to
+the day of his death, in spite of having a long, white beard. Although
+his family never moved from this house, in the course of a few years
+they had three different addresses. At first they were living on the
+corner of Road and High Streets, then on the corner of U and 32nd
+Streets, and finally on the corner of R Street and Wisconsin Avenue.
+
+[Illustration: THE OAKS (NOW DUMBARTON OAKS)]
+
+[Illustration: MONTROSE]
+
+Across High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), the house sitting high on the
+bank was for many years the home of Mr. William Dougal and his family of
+one son and four lovely daughters. His wife was Miss Adler, and this
+house was built on part of her father's property. The old brick house,
+which was back of it some distance north, was the home of Morris Adler.
+A small frame house nearer Road (R) Street was where his son, Morris J.
+Adler, lived, until he built a house on West (P) Street.
+
+A little way eastward on the same side of Road (R) Street is the famous
+Dumbarton Oaks. The land was first bought from Thomas Beall in 1800 by
+William H. Dorsey, first judge of our Orphan's Court, who was appointed
+by President Jefferson. Mr. Dorsey had previously been living in the old
+part of the town, for I find an advertisement of the sale of his
+property before he came up here, and from the minutes of a meeting of
+the Corporation of Georgetown on October 24th, 1801, we find the
+following: "William H. Dorsey writes to ask if his removal to his
+present place of residence will disqualify him from serving on the
+Corporation. They are of opinion it does not disqualify him as a member
+thereof."
+
+He built this house, named it The Oaks, and lived in it for four years.
+His first wife was Ann Brooke, the daughter of Colonel Richard Brooke,
+of Oak Hill, Sandy Spring, whose wife was Jane Lynn, the daughter of
+David Lynn. In 1802 Mr. Dorsey married Rosetta Lynn, who was the aunt of
+his first wife.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM HAMMOND DORSEY]
+
+William Hammond Dorsey was born at Oakland, in Howard County, and died
+at Oakley, near Brookeville, in 1818. He was a very handsome man and was
+nicknamed "Pretty Billy" by his Quaker neighbors of Sandy Spring.
+
+In 1805 the place was bought by Robert Beverley of Essex County,
+Virginia. His wife was Jane Tayloe, a sister of Colonel John Tayloe, who
+built the famous Octagon House. Mr. and Mrs. Beverley owned the place
+until 1822. During that time their son James was married to Jane Peter,
+the daughter of David Peter of nearby "Peter's Grove," and this place
+became their home. They did not remain here long, but went back to
+Virginia and established themselves near The Plains.
+
+The next owner was James E. Calhoun, of South Carolina. He loaned it to
+his distinguished brother, John C. Calhoun, who made it his home for
+some of the time he spent at the capital in the various offices he held.
+He was Secretary of War in the cabinet of President Monroe;
+Vice-President with John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson, and Senator
+from South Carolina. From here he wrote that the leisure of the office
+of Vice-President gave him a good opportunity to study the fundamental
+questions of the day called "The American System." At this time the
+place was known as _Acrolophos_ (Grove on the Hill), a most descriptive
+name. Later it became Monterey, after the war with Mexico made that
+battle so famous.
+
+It was in 1846 that the estate was bought by Edward M. Linthicum, and I
+think it must have been during the time he owned it that the mansard
+roof was added which, fortunately, has been removed by the present
+owners. In Mr. Linthicum's day it is described thus:
+
+    The house which has been changed, but not improved in appearance, by
+    the addition of a mansard roof and other alterations, was a large,
+    two-story brick, with hall from front to rear "wide enough for a hay
+    wagon to pass through," on either side of which were great parlors
+    beautifully proportioned. The east parlor opened into a bright,
+    sunny dining room, which in turn looked out upon a well-filled
+    greenhouse, with flower gardens on the east, wooded lawn in front,
+    grove of forest trees on the west, and gently sloping well-sodded
+    hills in the rear, all of which were kept in perfect order. During
+    the life of Mr. Linthicum, "The Oaks" was the show place of the
+    District.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Linthicum had no children so they adopted a daughter, Miss
+Kate Mitchell, of Lower Maryland, who became the wife of Mr. Josiah
+Dent. Their son, Edward Linthicum Dent, inherited the place. In those
+days it was known as "The Oaks," the name I always heard it called by in
+my girlhood.
+
+In 1891 it was bought by Mr. Henry F. Blount, who had made a fortune and
+came to Washington. In 1920 it was purchased by the Honorable Robert
+Woods Bliss, Ambassador to the Argentine. He and Mrs. Bliss remodeled
+the house and created the gardens, which comprise over thirty acres and
+are marvels of beauty. Many more acres at the back were allowed to
+remain in a delightfully wild condition.
+
+The place was renamed Dumbarton Oaks, a museum was built as a wing on
+the west to house a library and a collection of Byzantine and
+pre-Christian material, and in 1940 the estate was given by Mr. and Mrs.
+Bliss to Harvard University, with the exception of the part along the
+stream at the back, which was donated to the District of Columbia as a
+park. The Dumbarton Oaks Conference which led to the formation of the
+United Nations was held here, beginning August 21, 1944.
+
+Part of the land at the back is where the Home for Incurables was until
+it was moved farther out of town. I used to go there to visit some of
+the patients who were my friends, and for the simple Sunday evening
+services.
+
+Lover's Lane, at the east of Dumbarton Oaks, separates it from Montrose
+Park. It is still, as it has always been, I am glad to say, completely
+unimproved, unspoiled, sweet and rambling and quiet, wending its way
+along the brook that empties into Rock Creek at the beginning of Oak
+Hill. I suppose there is hardly a soul of middle-age living in
+Georgetown who has not fond memories of Lover's Lane, for in the days of
+our youth we did walk with our lovers; no automobiles or movies filled
+our Saturday or Sunday afternoons, and very little golf.
+
+Through Lover's Lane we went to Normanstone, the home of the two Misses
+Barnards and their sister, Mrs. Talcott. It was a quaint little house,
+which stood just about where the British Embassy now is. The name is
+commemorated by Normanstone Drive. Mr. Robert Barnard built Normanstone
+in 1830. It was a Devonshire cottage of clay, straw, and pebbles, with
+walls four feet thick.
+
+The turreted stone mansion nearby was built by Mr. Elverson of
+Philadelphia. His daughter, Nelly, became the wife of Monsieur
+Patrenotre, the French Minister. This was in the days before our foreign
+envoys became Ambassadors.
+
+Our first knowledge of the present Montrose Park was as Parrott's Woods.
+Richard Parrott conducted there a "rope walk." It seems that when they
+made rope it was necessary to have a long, even stretch where the
+rope-makers walked up and down manufacturing the hemp into rope. And,
+of course, in this town with all its ships, the making of rope was a
+lucrative business.
+
+Mr. Parrott evidently was kind in loaning his property for picnics too,
+for again Mr. Gordon gives us vivid pictures of the Fourth of July
+annual picnic of all the Protestant Sunday schools. It seems to have
+been a huge affair, with flags and banners and rosettes of various
+colors adorning the scholars of the different schools.
+
+In 1822 the property was bought by Clement Smith, of whom I have spoken
+before as being the first cashier of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank,
+afterwards becoming its president. He called the place Elderslie. In
+1837 he sold it to Mrs. Mary McEwen Boyce, whose daughter, Jane, married
+George Washington Peter, son of Thomas Peter of Tudor Place. In a
+railroad accident, both Captain Boyce and another daughter were killed.
+Mrs. Boyce continued to live here the rest of her life.
+
+It was a very sweet, homelike house, but not a particularly handsome
+one. There was a conservatory opening off of one of the rooms, for Mrs.
+Boyce seems to have been especially fond of flowers. A sweet little
+story was told me the other day about her. A friend paused one day to
+admire the roses blooming in front of the house, saying, "How lovely
+your roses are, Mrs. Boyce!" "They are not my roses," said she. At the
+surprised look on her friend's face she continued, "I plant them there
+for the public." And still, today, there are lovely roses blooming at
+Montrose for "the public," for after many, many years a movement was set
+on foot to buy this place with its marvelous old trees of numerous
+varieties for a park for the people of Georgetown.
+
+Two historic events have taken place in Montrose Park. The first was
+long ago, on September 1, 1812, when the funeral services were held here
+for General James Maccubbin Lingan, after his tragic death in Baltimore.
+No church could be found large enough to accommodate the crowds which
+wished to attend. There were representatives from three cities and five
+counties, in those days of travel by foot, by saddle, by rowboat and by
+coach. General Washington's tent was spread over the stand on which were
+four clergymen, other dignitaries, and George Washington Parke Custis
+of Arlington, who delivered the oration.
+
+The funeral cortege was escorted by Major George Peter's company. The
+General's horse was led behind the hearse, where his son walked as chief
+mourner, followed by two heroes of the Revolution, Major Benjamin
+Stoddert and Colonel Philip Stuart. Light Horse Harry Lee, who had been
+wounded at the time General Lingan was killed, was still too ill to be
+present.
+
+General Lingan's widow was not able to be present because of a very
+unfortunate occurrence. While she was sitting by her window waiting for
+her carriage, a rough man, carrying a pike, stopped under her window
+and, thrusting up the weapon covered either with blood or rust, which
+had the same appearance, he let forth a torrent of brutal words. She was
+so overcome with an agony of shock and grief that she was obliged to
+remain at home.
+
+The other historic event took place on the fifth of June, 1918, the day
+on which was inaugurated the draft for the soldiers of the World War I.
+All over this land that evening speeches were delivered on the subject,
+but I think none could have been more effective or impressive than the
+one staged in Montrose Park at sunset. Then Newton D. Baker, as
+Secretary of War, in charge of the whole operation, "elected to speak to
+his neighbors." A wonderful speech it was, and I shall never forget the
+sight as he stood outlined against the glow of the western sky.
+
+Of Oak Hill Cemetery I have spoken again and again. It is almost like a
+refrain. It seems to be the natural resting place for Georgetonians when
+their work is done.
+
+Its terraces leading steeply down the hill to Rock Creek are shaded by
+many stately oak trees and numerous gorgeous copper beeches, and are
+adorned in the spring by flowering shrubs.
+
+There is the little ivy-covered chapel which can be seen from the
+street, and farther back is the little white Greek temple where Oak
+Hill's donor, Mr. Corcoran, rests. Also the larger circular mausoleum
+where Marcia Burns Van Ness is interred.
+
+Many besides Georgetonians have been laid to rest within its borders,
+for there are Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War for President Lincoln;
+James G. Blaine, and many more, all prominent in their days. There, too,
+lies Peggy O'Neale, who, as the wife of Andrew Jackson's Secretary of
+War, Eaton, kept the social life of the Capital in an uproar for many a
+year and, it is said, also greatly influenced political matters.
+
+Her very first triumph took place in Georgetown, when, at a school
+exhibition at the Union Hotel, the little girl with dark brown curly
+hair and pert red lips was crowned the "Queen of Beauty" by Mrs. Dolly
+Madison. Peggy was the daughter of the Irish landlord of a hotel on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, and was married at sixteen to Mr. Timberlake, an
+officer in the United States Navy. He committed suicide in 1828.
+
+After that began her career, when she was defended and supported in all
+that she did by Andrew Jackson, who had suffered bitterly from criticism
+of his own wife.
+
+But the most famous person who lies buried in Oak Hill is the man whose
+song is known in every hamlet of this broad land: John Howard Payne, the
+author of "Home, Sweet Home." He had been in Georgetown in his youth,
+you remember, for he accompanied General Lingan on that trip to
+Baltimore from which the General never returned but to his funeral. Mr.
+Payne was then a young man of twenty-one and excited over the adventure,
+I suppose, like any one of that age. He was sent in later life as a
+consul to one of those little states on the northern coast of Africa
+which in those days made so much trouble for the United States. There he
+died and was buried. Years later his body was brought back by Mr.
+Corcoran, and there was quite a ceremony for his re-interment.
+
+The stone placed over him in that distant land and brought back with his
+body has the seal of the United States carved at the top and reads:
+
+    IN MEMORY
+    OF
+    COL. JOHN HOWARD PAYNE
+    TWICE CONSUL OF
+    THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
+    FOR
+    THE CITY AND KINGDOM OF TUNIS
+    THIS STONE IS PLACED
+    BY A GRATEFUL COUNTRY
+    HE DIED AT THE AMERICAN CONSULATE
+    IN THIS CITY AFTER A TEDIOUS ILLNESS
+    APRIL 1, 1852
+    HE WAS BORN AT THE CITY OF BOSTON
+    STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS
+    JUNE 8, 1792
+    HIS FAME AS A POET AND DRAMATIST
+    IS WELL KNOWN WHEREVER THE ENGLISH
+    LANGUAGE IS SPOKEN THROUGH
+    HIS CELEBRATED BALLAD OF
+    HOME, SWEET HOME
+    AND HIS POPULAR TRAGEDY
+    OF BRUTUS AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTIONS
+
+This slab lies flat upon the ground. Adjoining it is a circle in the
+center of which is a monument bearing a bust of Colonel Payne, and on it
+is the following inscription:
+
+    IN
+    MEMORY OF
+    JOHN HOWARD PAYNE
+    AUTHOR
+    OF
+    HOME, SWEET HOME
+    BORN JUNE 9, 1791
+    DIED APRIL 9, 1852
+    ERECTED ANNO DOMINI 1883
+
+    "Sure when thy gentle spirit fled
+    To realms beyond the azure dome
+    With arms outstretched, God's angel said
+    'Welcome to Heaven's Home, Sweet Home.'"
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY
+
+
+    BALCH, THOMAS BLOOMER: _Reminiscences of Georgetown_.
+
+    BRYAN, W. B.: _A History of the National Capital_.
+
+    BUSEY, SAMUEL C.: _Pictures of the City of Washington in the Past_.
+
+    CAEMMERER, H. PAUL, Ph.D.: _The Life of Pierre Charles L'Enfant_.
+
+    CLARK, ALLEN C.: _Life and Letters of Dolly Madison_.
+
+    CORCORAN, W. W.: _A Grandfather's Legacy_.
+
+    COLUMBIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY: _Record of the_.
+
+    DODGE, HARRISON H.: _Dodge Family Memoirs_.
+
+    EVANS, HENRY R.: _Old George Town on the Potomac_.
+
+    HALL, MRS. BASIL: _The Aristocratic Journey_.
+
+    HEIN, O. L., LT. COL., U. S. A.: _Memories of Long Ago_.
+
+    HINES, CHRISTIAN: _Early Recollections of Washington City_.
+
+    JACKSON, RICHARD P.: _Chronicles of Georgetown_.
+
+    LATHROP, GEORGE AND ROSE: _A Story of Courage_.
+
+    LATIMER, LOUISE PAYSON: _Your Washington and Mine_.
+
+    LIBRARY OF CONGRESS: _Old Newspapers_.
+
+    MACKALL, SALLY SOMERVELL: _Early Days of Washington_.
+
+    TAGGART, H. T.: _Old George Town_.
+
+    TORBERT, ALICE COYLE: _Doorways and Dormers of Old George Town_.
+
+    TOWNSEND, GEORGE ALFRED: _Washington Outside and Inside_.
+
+    GAHN, BESSIE WILMARTH: _Original Patentees of Land at Washington
+         Prior to 1700_.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+    _A Grandfather's Legacy_, 168.
+
+    Abbott, John, 85, 215.
+      William R., 215.
+
+    "Abby, Aunt," 185.
+
+    Acheson, Dean G., 250.
+
+    _Acrolophos_, 303.
+
+    Adams, James Truslow, 14.
+      President John Quincy, 77, 254.
+
+    Addison, Mrs. Arthur, 113.
+      Henry, 85, 107, 130.
+      Colonel and Mrs. John, 274.
+      Rev. Walter, 199.
+
+    Adlum, Major, 134.
+
+    Adler, Morris, 301.
+
+    Aged Woman's Home, 106.
+
+    Allen, Robert S., 180.
+
+    Alsop brothers, 179.
+
+    American Colonization Society, 101.
+
+    Analostan Island, 22.
+
+    Anchor Tavern and Oyster House, 30.
+
+    Anderson, James, 21.
+
+    _Aristocratic Journey, The_, 157.
+
+    Arnold's Bakery, 108.
+
+    Asbury, Francis, 74.
+
+    Augur, Gen. Christopher Colon, 179.
+
+    "Aunt Hannah," 142.
+
+    Auriol, Vincent, 113.
+
+    Aztec Society, 112.
+
+
+    Bailey, William, 58.
+
+    Baker, Hon, Newton D., 155, 307.
+
+    Balch, Dr. Stephen Bloomer, 69, 134, 141, 209.
+      Rev. Stephen Bloomer, 67.
+      Thomas, 69.
+
+    Baley, Jesse, 50.
+
+    Bank of Columbia, 33.
+
+    Baptist Church, 135.
+
+    Barron, Commodore James, 157.
+
+    Barrymore. John, 207.
+
+    Beall, Alexander, 11, 25.
+      Brooke, 270, 289.
+      Catherine, 298.
+      Eliza, 287.
+      Elizabeth, 68.
+      George, 11, 141.
+      Harriot, 270, 289.
+      John, 26, 279.
+      Josiah, 10, 11.
+      Lloyd, 279.
+      Mrs. Margaret, 284.
+      Thomas, 8, 10, 58, 97, 141, 144, 160, 253, 262, 288.
+      Ninian, 5, 7, 8, 183.
+
+    Beall's Levels, 11.
+
+    Beanes, Dr. William, 99.
+
+    Beatty, Charles, 17, 30, 58, 182.
+      William, 52.
+
+    Beauvoir School, 137.
+
+    Belin, Hon. F. Lamot, 281.
+
+    Bell, Alexander Graham, 119.
+      Alexander Melville, 119.
+      Miss Aileen, 120.
+      Chichester, 120.
+      David Charles, 120.
+
+    Bellamy, George Anne, 14.
+
+    Belt, Rev. Addison, 34.
+      James, 182.
+      Joseph, 24, 25, 26, 27.
+      Tobias, 9.
+
+    Benevolent Society, 106.
+
+    Benning, 4.
+
+    Benton, Jessie, 185.
+      Thomas Hart, 183.
+
+    Berleith, 17.
+
+    Berry, Horatio, 217.
+      Jerry, 97.
+      Mary Ellen, 239.
+      Philip Taylor, 194, 217.
+
+    Beverley, Robert, 302.
+
+    Bible Society, 76.
+
+    Biddle, Hon. and Mrs. Francis E., 279.
+
+    Billings, Dr. John S., 143.
+      Mrs. Mary, 197.
+
+    Blackford, Col. B. Lewis, 246.
+
+    Bladensburg, 14.
+
+    Blaine, James G., 308.
+
+    Blake, Dr. James Heighe, 135.
+
+    Bleig, George, 74.
+
+    Bliss, Robert Woods, 252, 304.
+
+    Blodget, Samuel, 58, 92.
+
+    Bloomer, Dr. Stephen, 83.
+
+    Blount, Henry F., 304.
+
+    Bodisco, Baron Alexander de, 98, 140, 202, 291, 295.
+      Madame, 204, 292.
+
+    Boggs, Paymaster, 191.
+
+    Bonaparte, Jerome, 82.
+
+    Boncer, Christian, 26.
+
+    Bonsal, Mrs. Stephen, 219.
+
+    Boone, John, 86.
+
+    Booth, John Wilkes, 280.
+
+    _Boston Sentinel, The_, 42.
+
+    Bowers, Claude, 244.
+
+    Bowie, Washington, 200, 224.
+
+    Boyce, Jane, 306.
+      Mrs. Mary McEwen, 306.
+
+    Braddock, General Edward, 13.
+
+    Bradley, Abraham, 66, 83, 280.
+      Joseph Habersham, 280.
+      Joseph Henry, 279, 280.
+      Mrs. Thomas, 281.
+      William A., 66.
+
+    Brandywine, Battle of, 16.
+
+    _Brandywine_, U. S. S., 129.
+
+    Bright, Sen. Jesse D., 288.
+
+    Bronaugh, Hamilton, 205.
+
+    Brooke, Ann, 301.
+      Elizabeth, 142.
+      Col. Richard, 301.
+      Colonel Thomas, 142.
+
+    Brown, Dr. Gustavus, 121.
+      Joel, 74.
+
+    Bruce, Harriot, 86.
+      Col. Normand, 28.
+      Richard, 86.
+
+    Bull, James, 47.
+      Maria Louisa, 254.
+
+    Bureau of Standards, 134.
+
+    Burnes, David, 58.
+
+    Burnett, Charles C., 35.
+
+    Burr, Aaron, 67.
+
+    Busey, Dr. Samuel, 137.
+
+    Bushrod, Hannah, 287.
+
+
+    Caemmerer, Dr. H. Paul, 52.
+
+    Caille, Monsieur, 35.
+
+    Calder, James, 69, 83.
+
+    Calhoun, James E., 303.
+      John C., 303.
+
+    Calvert, Eleanor, 66, 264.
+
+    Campbell, John, 15.
+
+    Canal, Chesapeake and Ohio, 77.
+      Potomac, 77.
+
+    Caperton, Hugh, 134.
+      Mrs. Hugh, 104.
+
+    Capital Traction Company, 113.
+      Transit Company, 155.
+
+    "Carcassonne, The," 251.
+
+    Carlile, Henry, 38.
+
+    Carlton, Joseph, 17.
+
+    Carpenter & Co., 217.
+
+    Carr, Overton, 58.
+
+    Carroll, Bishop, 116.
+      Charles, 256.
+      Daniel, 56, 58, 59, 256.
+      John, 116.
+
+    Carter, Anne, 289.
+      Col. John, 289.
+
+    Casanave, Peter, 17, 44, 80, 253.
+
+    Cassin, Commodore, 214.
+      James, 181, 185.
+      Mrs. James, 180.
+      William Deakins, 182.
+
+    Catholic Home for Aged Ladies, 218.
+
+    Cedars, The, 125.
+
+    "Century House," 299.
+
+    Chandler, Captain, 220.
+      Walter S., 37, 257.
+
+    Chapin, Katharine Garrison, 279.
+
+    Chapman, Edward, 192.
+      Frances Isabella, 192.
+      Judge Henry Henley, 192.
+      Jane, 192.
+
+    Chatham, Thurmond, 113.
+
+    Cherry Lane, 40.
+
+    Chevy Chase, 25, 280.
+      Club, 183.
+
+    Chew, Cassandra, 86.
+      Harriot, 86.
+      Mary, 86.
+
+    Christ Church, 87, 160, 174, 212, 276.
+
+    Christian Science Church, 136.
+
+    Cissel, George W., 275.
+
+    City Tavern, 30.
+
+    Clagett, James, 33.
+      Rev. Thomas, 67, 86.
+
+    Clarke, Thomas, 160.
+
+    Cleveland, President and Mrs., 171.
+
+    Coakley, Magdalen, 131.
+
+    Cochrane, John T., 217.
+
+    Cohen, Ben, 297.
+
+    College, Georgetown, 103.
+
+    Colonial Apartments, 183.
+
+    Columbia Boat Club, 138.
+      Foundry, 78.
+      Phonograph Co., 121.
+
+    Columbian Academy, 134.
+      Library, 134.
+
+    Compton, Donna Otie, 273.
+      Mary, 273.
+
+    Congress, Continental, 16.
+
+    Conjurer's Disappointment, 11.
+
+    _Constitution_, 128.
+
+    Cooke, Henry D., 243, 289.
+      Jay, 243.
+
+    Corcoran, Charles Morris, 168.
+      Gallery of Art, 171.
+      Harriett Louise, 168.
+      Mrs. James, 167.
+      Louise Morris, 168.
+      Thomas, 18, 87, 200, 213.
+      Thomas, Jr., 217.
+      Tommy, 297.
+      W. W., 106, 151, 163, 174, 182.
+
+    Cotton Manufactory, 19.
+
+    Cox, John, 123, 125, 135, 298.
+      Sally, 126.
+      Thomas, 142.
+      Thomas Campbell, 298.
+      Judge Walter, 135.
+
+    Coyle, Jennie, 217.
+
+    Cozens, Mrs., 32.
+
+    Crabb, Capt. Henry Wright, 10.
+
+    Craik, William, 288.
+
+    Crampton, Hon. John F., 289.
+
+    Crawford, Joseph, 83.
+
+    Crawford's Hotel, 82.
+
+    Crookshanks, Mr., 69.
+
+    Crossbasket, 14.
+
+    Curley, Rev. James, 117.
+
+    Curtis, 214.
+      School, 163.
+
+    Custis, George Washington Parke, 22, 267.
+      Mrs. John Parke, 60.
+      Martha Parke, 66, 262.
+      Mary, 267.
+
+
+    Dabney, John, 35.
+
+    Dall, Mrs., 276.
+
+    Darneilles, Philip, 270.
+
+    Davidson, Adeline, 230.
+      Eliza G., 239.
+      John, 104, 156, 192, 230.
+      Kate, 230.
+      Martha, 230.
+      Mary, 192.
+      Nannie, 230.
+      Aunt Peggy, 192.
+      Samuel, 10, 58, 281.
+
+    Davies, Cornelius, 26.
+
+    Davis, Dwight F., 252.
+      Jefferson, 99.
+      Joe, 279.
+
+    Davison, Hon. F. Trubee, 131.
+
+    Daw, Reuben, 250.
+
+    Dawson, Joshua, 83.
+
+    Deakins, Colonel, 15, 17, 51.
+      Francis, 206.
+      Tabitha Ann, 180.
+      William, 18.
+      William, Jr., 10, 47, 58.
+
+    Debtors' Prison, 37.
+
+    Decatur, Stephen, 157, 158.
+
+    Dent, Barbara, 142.
+      Edward Linthicum, 304.
+      Josiah, 304.
+      Place, 163.
+
+    Dick, Betsy, 148.
+      Lucinda, 146.
+      Margaret, 142.
+      Robert, 142.
+      Thomas, 142, 146.
+
+    Discovery, 11.
+
+    Digges, Thomas A., 63.
+      William Dudley, 63.
+
+    Dill, Sir John and Lady, 246.
+
+    Dinsmore and Francis, 35.
+
+    District of Columbia, 27.
+
+    Dodge, A. H., 242, 247.
+      Allen, 237.
+      Charles, 239, 282.
+      Mr. and Mrs. Charles, 272.
+      Ebenezer, 17, 234.
+      Elizabeth, 240.
+      Emily, 240.
+      F. & A. H., 242.
+      Francis, 17, 232, 242, 251.
+      Francis, Jr., 192, 237.
+      Col. Harrison Howell, 156, 234.
+      Henry H., 241.
+      Robert, 234.
+      Robert Perley, 251.
+      William, 237.
+
+    Donovan, General William. 288.
+
+    Dorsey, William Hammond, 50, 301, 302.
+
+    Dougal, William, 301.
+
+    Doughty, William, 74.
+
+    Doughty's, Capt., Company, 69.
+
+    Douglas, Hon. Lewis A., 131.
+
+    Dow, Lorenzo, 82.
+
+    Doyle, Alexander, 116.
+
+    Du Bose, Vice-Admiral Laurence, 141.
+
+    Duck Lane, 40.
+
+    Duclaviacq, J. B., 44.
+
+    Dumfries, Virginia, 15.
+
+    Dumbarton House, 252.
+
+    Dunlop, Arianna French, 146.
+      Elizabeth Peter, 106.
+      Helen, 268.
+      Henry, 166.
+      Capt. Henry, 127.
+      James, Jr., 15.
+      James, 15, 20, 67, 104, 146.
+      Mrs. James, 148.
+      Judge, 148, 183.
+
+    Dupont Circle, 156.
+
+    Duval, Gabriel, 253.
+
+
+    Eagle Iron Works, 70.
+      Tavern, 30.
+
+    Earle, George, 126.
+      Joseph, 18.
+
+    _Early Days of Washington_, 191, 291.
+
+    East Lane, 40.
+
+    Eaton, William, 35.
+
+    Ebenezer (church), 76.
+
+    Edes Home, 187.
+      Margaret, 19, 187.
+
+    "Elderslie," 306.
+
+    Eliason, John, 74.
+
+    Ellicott, Andrew, 61.
+
+    Elliot, Jonathan, 117.
+
+    Elliott, Richard, 83.
+
+    Elliston, Herbert, 287.
+
+    Elverson, Nelly, 305.
+
+    English, Miss Lydia, 183.
+
+    Epiphany School, 214.
+
+    Episcopal Church of the Ascension, 173.
+
+    Eustis, Hon. George, 169.
+      Mrs. William Corcoran, 252.
+
+    _Evening Star, The_, 275.
+
+    "Evermay," 281.
+      Club, The, 283.
+
+
+    Farmers' and Butchers' Market, 109.
+
+    "Federal House," 202.
+
+    _Federal Republican, The_, 91.
+
+    Federalists, 85.
+
+    Ferguson, Robert, 11.
+
+    Fierer, Charles & Co., 32.
+
+    Fifer Largo, 8.
+
+    Finley, Mrs. David E., 202.
+
+    Finney, Jimmy, 97.
+
+    Fisher, H. W., 107.
+
+    Fishing Lane, 40.
+
+    Fleeson, Doris, 208.
+
+    Fleete, Henry, 3.
+
+    Flournoy, Rev. Parke P., 219.
+
+    Forrest, Bladen, 108.
+
+    "Forrest Hill," 191.
+
+    Forrest Hall, 202.
+
+    Forrest, Stoddert, and Murdock, 16.
+
+    Forrest, Uriah, 16, 58, 93.
+
+    Forrestal, James E., 113.
+
+    Fort Duquesne, 13.
+
+    Fort McHenry, 101.
+
+    Foster, Sir Augustus, 45, 254.
+
+    Foundry Methodist Church, 74.
+
+    Fountain Inn, 30, 48.
+
+    Fowler, Colonel, 141, 216.
+
+    Foxall, Catherine, 76, 153.
+      Henry, 70, 153, 156.
+      Mary Ann, 76, 196.
+
+    Frankfurter, Justice, 191.
+
+    Franklin, Dr. (Benj.), 19.
+
+    Freeland, Agnes, 151.
+      Sarah Norfleet, 151.
+
+    Freeman, Dr. Douglas S., 204.
+
+    Fremont, General C., 185.
+
+    French, A., 81.
+      Colonel W. E. P., 155.
+
+    Frick Art Reference Library, 131.
+
+    Friendly, Alfred, 276.
+
+    "Friendship," 298.
+
+    Frizzle, Bull, 79.
+
+    Frogland, 11.
+
+    Fulton, Robert, 82.
+
+    Furvey, Rachel, 86.
+
+
+    Gadsby's Tavern, 26.
+
+    Gannt, John M., 18.
+      Clare, 130.
+
+    Gantt, John M., 81, 160.
+
+    Garden Club, Georgetown, 72.
+
+    Garden Clubs of America, 72.
+
+    Gardette, Mr., 32.
+
+    Gardiner, Miss Jennie, 219.
+
+    George Town Academy, 36, 46.
+
+    _George Town Weekly Ledger, The_, 23.
+
+    George Town Wool, 19.
+
+    George Washington University, 172.
+
+    "Georgetown," 204.
+
+    Georgetown College, 70, 116, 165.
+
+    Georgetown College and Convent, 17.
+
+    Germantown, Battle of, 16.
+
+    Getty, Hetty, 97.
+
+    Gillespie, James, 206.
+
+    Glee Club, Georgetown, 101.
+
+    Glyn, Elinor, 220.
+
+    Godeys, 214.
+
+    Gordon, Elizabeth Dodge, 248.
+      George, 9, 10, 11.
+      J. Holdsworth, 246.
+      Josephine, 248.
+      Margaret R., 248.
+      William A.. 127, 135, 161, 180.
+      William A., Jr., 246, 248.
+
+    Gordon's Inspection House, 87.
+
+    Govan, Archibald, 22.
+
+    Grace Church, 66.
+
+    Graham, Philip, 288.
+
+    Grant, General, 209.
+      Lewis, 281.
+
+    Grayson, Admiral and Mrs. Cary T., 256.
+
+    Greeley, General Adolphus, 210.
+
+    Green, Alice, 98.
+      George, 93.
+      Hill, 63.
+      Pyle, 245.
+      Mrs. Zola, 245.
+
+    Greenleaf, James, 58.
+
+    "Greenwood," 137.
+
+    Greenway, Mrs. Isabella, 220.
+
+    Grinnell Arctic Expedition, 177.
+
+    Grosvenor, Mrs. Gilbert, 119.
+
+    Gunston Hall, 214.
+
+
+    "Halcyon House," 109.
+
+    Hall, Mrs. Basil. 157.
+
+    Halleck, Gen. H. W., 295.
+
+    Hamilton, Alexander, 279.
+      Thomas, 28.
+
+    Hanewinckel, William Frederick, 224.
+
+    Hanson, Alexander Contee, 91.
+
+    Harkness, Richard, 191.
+
+    "Harlem," 90.
+
+    _Harper's Magazine_, 204.
+
+    Harrison, Thomas, 160.
+      Virginia, 160.
+
+    Harrover, Miss, 185.
+
+    Harry, Harriot Eliza, 271.
+
+    Harward, Ann, 76.
+
+    Haw, John Stoddert, 160, 213.
+      Lucinda Stoddert, 215.
+
+    "Hayes," 105.
+
+    Haynes, Aaron, 45.
+
+    Hazel's Stable, 209.
+
+    Hedges, Nicholas, 182.
+
+    Heiberg, Colonel and Mrs., 201.
+
+    Heighe, Glorvina, 135.
+
+    "Heights, The," 299.
+
+    Hein, Charles, 133.
+      Col. O. L., 133.
+      Samuel, 132.
+
+    Henderson, Thomas, 213.
+
+    Henry Brand & Co., 35.
+
+    Herr, Abraham H., 202, 276.
+      Austin, 276.
+
+    Herring Hill, 180.
+
+    Heugh, Andrew, 10, 15.
+
+    "Highlands, The," 256.
+
+    Hight, Mrs., 109.
+
+    Hill, Louis, 273.
+
+    Hinckley, Howard, 257.
+
+    Hines, Christian, 27.
+
+    Hoban, James, 38.
+
+    Hobbs, Miss, 159.
+
+    Hollerith, Hermann, 286.
+
+    Hollingsworth, Col., 224.
+
+    Holmead, Anthony, 58.
+
+    Holy Hill, 131.
+
+    Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 116.
+
+    Home for the Blind, 291.
+
+    Hood, Admiral Sir Samuel, 90.
+
+    Hope, Eleanor, 227.
+
+    Hopkins, Diana, 130.
+      Harry, 130.
+      Mrs. Mary, 121.
+      Rev. Matthew, 121.
+
+    Howard, Governor, 56.
+      Nathaniel, 172.
+
+    Hubbard, Roberta, 120.
+
+    Hull, Captain Isaac, 128.
+     Prince, 45.
+
+    Humboldt, Baron, 169.
+
+    Humbolt, 82.
+
+    Hume, Thomas L., 209.
+
+    Hunter, William, 130.
+
+    Hyde, Anthony, 182.
+      Granville, 182.
+      Thomas, 183, 252.
+
+
+    Ihlder, Mr. and Mrs. John, 250.
+
+    _Impartial Observer and Washington Advertiser_, 47.
+
+    Independence, Declaration of, 70.
+
+    Indians, 4.
+      Nacotchankes, 4.
+      Anacostians, 4.
+
+    Industrial Home School, 9.
+
+    International Business Machines Corporation, 286.
+
+    Iran, Shah of, 113.
+
+    Irving, Washington, 82.
+
+    Islands, 65.
+      Analostan, 65.
+      Mason's, 65.
+      My Lord's, 65.
+      Barbadoes, 65.
+
+    Iturbide, Prince, 98.
+
+
+    Jackson, Andrew, 78, 92, 183.
+      Samuel, 253.
+
+    James, Reverend Mr., 200.
+
+    Jancerez, A. L., 35.
+
+    Jefferson, Thomas, 4, 58, 70, 199, 254.
+
+    _Jersey_, 90.
+
+    John Glassford & Company, 14.
+
+    Johns, Margaret, 224.
+      Captain Richard, 35.
+      Sarah, 289.
+      Thomas, 18.
+
+    Johnson, Andrew, 183.
+      Thomas, 58, 59.
+      Thomas, Jr., 18.
+
+    Joiner, Robert, 42.
+
+    Jones, John, 44.
+
+    Joseph Semmes's Tavern, 31.
+
+    Josepha, Anna Maria, 254.
+
+    Joyce, Col. John J., 295.
+
+
+    Kearns, Francis, 30.
+
+    Keith, James, 129.
+      Rev. Ruel, 213.
+
+    Kennon, Mrs. Beverley, 106, 204, 261.
+      Mrs. Britannia W., 265.
+      Martha, 154.
+      Martha Custis, 266.
+
+    Key, Francis Scott, 99, 208, 213.
+      Philip Barton, 18, 31, 95, 200, 208.
+
+    Keys, The, 40.
+
+    Kilty, Hon. Mr., 56.
+
+    King, William, 18, 31, 87.
+
+    Kings Arms, 25.
+
+    Kirk, Alexander, 298.
+      S. and Sons, 35.
+      Thomas, 34.
+
+    Kirk's School, 163.
+
+    Knave's Disappointment, 11.
+
+    Knox, Mrs. McCook, 131.
+
+
+    Lacy, Benjamin, 30.
+
+    Lafayette, General, 144.
+
+    Laird, Helen, 146.
+      John, 17, 87, 144, 146.
+      Peggy, 148.
+      William, 268.
+      Mrs. William, 127.
+      William, Jr., 146.
+
+    Lancaster, Joseph, 212.
+
+    Lancastrian School, 136.
+
+    Langfitt, Colonel, 258.
+
+    Lanman, Charles, 239, 241.
+
+    _Lawrence, The_, 72.
+
+    Laws, Sunday, 76.
+
+    League of American Pen Women, 115.
+
+    Leakin, Rev. George, 143.
+
+    Lear's Wharf, 83.
+
+    Lee, General Charles, 253.
+      Charlotte, 215.
+      General Henry, 91.
+      Mrs. Henry, 204.
+      Margaret, 215.
+      Richard Bland, 53.
+      _R. E._, 204.
+      General Robert E., 172, 267.
+      Thomas Sim, 85, 297.
+
+    Lemon, Hannah, 87.
+
+    L'Enfant, 51.
+
+    Lewis, Fulton, Jr., 279.
+      Mr. and Mrs. Fulton, 279.
+      Sir Wilmott, 115.
+
+    Leyhman, Christopher, 86.
+
+    Liancourt, Duc de la Rochefoucault, 16.
+
+    Libbey, Joseph H., 218.
+       Martha, 218.
+
+    Liberia, 103.
+
+    Liberty League, 201.
+
+    Light-Lane, 48.
+
+    Lincoln, Abraham, 149, 155.
+      Robert Todd, 149.
+
+    Lingan, James Maccubbin, 17, 52, 58, 89, 306.
+      Nicholas, 19, 232.
+      Robert, 58.
+
+    Linthicum, Edward M., 107, 161, 303.
+      Institute, 163.
+      Kate, 163.
+
+    Lippincott, Mrs. Hare, 160.
+
+    Lippman, Walter, 119.
+
+    Lipscomb's School, Miss, 155.
+
+    Little Old Stone House, The, 61.
+
+    Little Falls, The, 40.
+
+    Lockwood, Gen. Henry Hayes, 247.
+      James, 247.
+
+    Lodge, Henry Cabot, 210.
+
+    Longfont, Major, 55.
+
+    Lord Baltimore, 5.
+
+    Lottery, 46.
+
+    Louise Home, 171, 269.
+
+    Loundes, Christopher, 109.
+      Francis, 17.
+      Rebecca, 109.
+
+    Lovering, William, 38.
+
+    Lover's Lane, 304.
+
+    Lowndes, Francis, 261.
+
+    Lower Marlboro, 67.
+
+    Lutz, John, 74, 106.
+
+    Lynch, Dominick, 58.
+
+    Lynn, David, 10, 301.
+      Jane, 301.
+      Rosetta, 301.
+
+    Lyon's Mill, 19.
+
+
+    Macaulay, Mrs. Edward, 113.
+
+    Mackall, Benjamin, 112, 200, 284, 298.
+      Christiana Beall, 271.
+      Christiana, 284.
+      Leonard, 74, 112, 284, 298.
+      Louis, 284.
+      Dr. Louis, 181.
+      Dr. and Mrs. Louis, 191.
+      Sally Somervell, 291.
+
+    Madison, Dolly, 30, 254, 308.
+      James, 30, 254.
+
+    Magruder, Dr. Hezekiah, 18, 202.
+      James A., 213.
+      Mrs. James A., 217.
+      Samuel III, 10.
+
+    "Mamre," 69.
+
+    Marbury, Eleanor, 289.
+      John, 97, 141, 167.
+      John, Jr., 299.
+      William, 95, 279.
+
+    Marburys, 130.
+
+    March, John, 35.
+
+    Marche, Madame de la, 36.
+      Mary de la, 119.
+
+    Marlowe, Julia, 287.
+
+    Morsell, Judge, 157.
+
+    Marshall, John, 95.
+
+    Martineau, Mr., 112.
+
+    Mary Margaret Home, 217.
+
+    Maryland Agricultural College, 172.
+
+    _Maryland Gazette_, 24, 25, 26, 46.
+
+    _Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, The_, 55.
+
+    Mason, Mrs. Beverley Randolph, 214.
+      Emily V., 250.
+      James, 171.
+      John, 50, 65, 69, 92, 200.
+      John Thompson, 115.
+      Robert, 7.
+
+    Matthews, Henry Cooksey, 215.
+
+    Maximilian, Emperor, 98.
+
+    McCartney, Mrs., 196.
+
+    McCleery, Harry, 208.
+
+    McCormick, Mrs. Ruth Hannah, 252.
+
+    McCoy, Mrs. Frank R., 273.
+
+    McCraith, Richard, 243.
+
+    McDermott, Maria, 119.
+
+    McDonald (Alexander, Mary), 42.
+      Andrew, 32.
+
+    McGrath's Company, 43.
+
+    McIlvaine, Rev. Charles, 215.
+
+    McKenney, Henrietta, 196.
+      Samuel, 74, 196, 212.
+      Summerfield, 275.
+
+    McLaughlin, Charles, 30.
+
+    McLean, Mrs. Evalyn Walsh, 298.
+
+    McPherson, John D., 283.
+
+    McVean, Dr. James, 216.
+      Rev. James, 6, 181.
+      Margaret, 181, 286.
+
+    Melvin, James, 83.
+
+    _Memories of Long Ago_, 133.
+
+    _Merrimac_, 136.
+
+    Merry, Anthony, 82.
+
+    Methodist Church, 161.
+
+    Methodist Episcopal Church, 197.
+
+    Meyer, Hon. and Mrs. Balthasar, 208.
+      Sylvia, 208.
+
+    "Middlebrook," 90.
+
+    Middleton, Miss, 143.
+
+    _Mikado_, 108.
+
+    Military Academy, 63.
+
+    Miller, Benjamin F., 251.
+      Mrs. Benjamin, 218.
+      Hezekiah, 143.
+
+    Mitchell, Miss Kate, 303.
+
+    Maffitt, John, 83.
+
+    Monroe, James, 92, 254.
+
+    Monrovia, 103.
+
+    "Montrose," 300.
+
+    Moore, Clement, 213.
+      Frederick L., 279.
+
+    Morris, Anthony, 254.
+      Commodore Charles, 128.
+      Gouveneur, 196.
+      Louise, 167.
+      Mrs., 113.
+      Rebecca, 254.
+      Robert, 58, 70, 196.
+
+    Morrow, Hon. Dwight, 288.
+
+    Morsell, Judge, 219.
+
+    Morton, William, 213.
+
+    "Mount Airy," 137.
+
+    "Mount Alban," 254.
+
+    Mount Alto Hospital, 23.
+
+    Mount Vernon, 51, 173.
+
+    Mount Zion Methodist, 179.
+
+    Mountz, John, 85.
+
+    Murdock, John, 10, 17.
+      William, 17, 52.
+
+    _Museum, The_, 33.
+
+    Myers, John, 213.
+
+
+    Napier, Lord and Lady, 169.
+
+    National Gallery of Art, 160, 202.
+
+    Naval Agent, 37.
+      Observatory, U. S., 134.
+
+    Neale, Rev. Francis, 116, 118.
+
+    Needham, John, 10.
+
+    Newbold, John L., 258.
+      Lydia, 257, 258.
+
+    New Orleans, Battle of, 93.
+
+    Nicholson, Commodore, 245.
+      John, 58.
+
+    Nicolls, William, 224.
+
+    "Normanstone," 305.
+
+    Norwood, Dr. William, 213.
+
+    Nourse, Major Charles, 254.
+      Major Charles Joseph, 136.
+      Elizabeth, 136.
+      Miss Emily, 106, 247.
+      Joseph, 83, 247, 253.
+      Miss Mary, 267.
+      Miss Rosa, 267.
+
+
+    "Oak Hill," 83, 189.
+      Cemetery, 167.
+
+    "Oak View," 95, 269.
+
+    "Oaks, The," 161, 300.
+
+    Odell, Thomas, 24.
+
+    Oden, Benjamin, 58.
+
+    Oeller's Hotel, 63.
+
+    Oertel, Reverend Mr., 200.
+
+    _Old Houses in Georgetown Heights_, 161.
+
+    "Old White," 172.
+
+    Old Yarrow, 206.
+
+    Olney Institute, 219.
+
+    O'Neal, John Carter, 289.
+
+    O'Neale, Peggy, 308.
+
+    O'Neill, Bernard, 10.
+
+    Order of Poor Clares, 118.
+
+    Orme, James, 83.
+      John, 25, 26.
+      Rev. John, 26, 288.
+      Lucy, 26.
+      William B., 283.
+
+    Otie, Bishop James Hervey, 273.
+
+    Oueston family, 137.
+
+    Oulahan, Richard V., 218.
+
+    Ould, Mattie, 130.
+      Judge Robert, 130.
+
+    Owens, Isaac, 74.
+
+
+    Pairo, family, 112.
+
+    Pancost, Wm., 38.
+
+    Parrott, Mrs. Jane. 68.
+      Richard, 305.
+
+    Parrott's Mill, 19.
+
+    Patrenotre, Monsieur, 305.
+
+    "Patmos," 69.
+
+    Patton, Mrs. James D., 217.
+
+    Payne, John Howard, 91, 308.
+
+    Peabody Educational Fund, 177.
+
+    Peabody, George, 151, 174.
+
+    Pearson, Drew, 180.
+
+    Peirce, Edward, 58.
+      James, 58.
+
+    Pendleton, Mr., 270.
+      Dr. William, 172.
+
+    Perrie, James, 10.
+
+    Perry, Commodore, 72.
+
+    Perthshire, 13.
+
+    Peter, Alexander, 153.
+      America, 264.
+      Ann Thomas Beall, 288.
+      Armistead, 153.
+      Armistead, Jr., 261.
+      Dr. Armistead, 140, 186, 266.
+      Britannia, 264.
+      Columbia, 264.
+      David, 289, 302.
+      Mrs. David, 289.
+      Elizabeth, 67.
+      Major George, 150, 151, 153, 175, 266.
+      George Washington, 306.
+      Jane, 302.
+      John, 10, 50, 83, 86, 142.
+      Margaret, 142.
+      Robert, 10, 14, 47, 58, 66, 87, 105.
+      Mrs. Robert, 80, 142.
+      Sallie, 149.
+      Thomas, 64, 262, 306.
+      Mrs. Thomas, 64, 266, 275.
+      Walter G., 265.
+
+    Peter's Grove, 289.
+      Square, 66.
+
+    _Philadelphia_, 128.
+
+    Philip, Henry, 156.
+
+    Philippe, Louis, 65, 82.
+
+    Phillips, E., 34.
+
+    Pichon, Monsieur, 69.
+
+    Pick, Mrs., 81.
+
+    Pickrell, Annie Graham, 209.
+      John, 213.
+
+    Pinckney, William, 173.
+
+    Piney Branch, 5.
+
+    Pious Ladies, The, 119.
+
+    Pitt, George, 30.
+
+    Plater, Ann, 151.
+      Rebecca, 93.
+      Thomas, 90, 200.
+
+    Podestad, Marquis de, 219.
+
+    Pollock, Isaac, 253.
+
+    Pompean Hall, 29.
+
+    Poore, Ben Perley, 239, 240.
+
+    Post, Dr., 144.
+
+    Potomac Fire Engine Co., 37.
+      Fire Insurance Company, 104.
+
+    Powell, Genevieve, 273.
+      John Wesley, 272.
+
+    Presbyterian Church, 275.
+      Sabbath School, 182.
+
+    President's House, 38.
+
+    "Pretty Prospect," 11, 109.
+
+    Prince Georges County, Md., 9.
+
+    _Princeton_, 275.
+
+    Prospect Cottage, 115.
+
+    "Prospect House," 113.
+
+    Prout, William, 58.
+
+
+    "Quality Hill," 115.
+
+
+    Radford, Admiral, 245.
+      Sophy, 245.
+
+    Randolph, John, 82.
+
+    Read, Isabella, 144.
+      Jane, 144.
+
+    _Red Devil, The_, 99.
+
+    Redin, Catherine, 155.
+      Richard Wright, 153.
+      William, 153.
+
+    Reed, Dr. Walter, 245.
+
+    "Red Top," 269.
+
+    Reintzel, Daniel, 11.
+
+    Reverend Addison Belt's School, 163.
+
+    Richardson, Thomas, 10, 18, 52.
+
+    Ridgely, Anna Key, 128.
+      Elizabeth, 123.
+
+    Riggs, Bank, 26, 104.
+      Elisha, 165, 175.
+      George W., 165.
+
+    Riley, Marianna, 141.
+
+    "Riley's, Dr.," 140.
+
+    Ritchie, Dr. Lewis, 131.
+      Mary, 208.
+
+    Rittenhouse, Fannie, 252.
+      Loulie, 258.
+
+    Robbins, Warren Delano, 252.
+
+    Roberdeau, Mr. 61.
+
+    Roberts, Owen J., 210, 214.
+
+    Robertson, Thomas, 160.
+
+    Robinson, Margaret, 298.
+      William, 297.
+
+    Roche, Captain de la, 189.
+
+    Rochefoucault, Madame de la, 119.
+
+    Rock Creek, 158, 179.
+
+    Rock of Dumbarton, 11.
+
+    Rogers, Mr., 34.
+      Dr. William Barton, 144.
+
+    Rolling Houses, 10.
+
+    Roman Church, The, 116.
+
+    Roosevelt, Franklin D., 130.
+      Mrs. Henry Latrobe, 246.
+      James, 205.
+      Theodore Memorial Association, 66.
+
+    "Rosedale," 93.
+
+    Ross, Andrew, 83.
+
+    "Royal George," 82.
+
+
+    Sailor's Oak, 23.
+
+    Sailor's Tavern, The, 30.
+
+    Saint Frances of Assisi, 118.
+
+    Saint John's Church, 115, 135.
+
+    Sayrs, Rev. Mr., 199.
+
+    St. John's Episcopal Church, 199.
+
+    _Salem_, 29.
+
+    Sands, Comfort, 58.
+      Admiral James Hogan, 202.
+      William Franklin, 202.
+
+    Sartiges, Count de, 289.
+
+    Second U. S. Regiment, 202.
+
+    Seminary, Miss English's, 97.
+
+    Seminary, The, 183.
+
+    Semmes, Cora, 129.
+
+    _Sentinel of Liberty, The_, 33, 48.
+
+    Sevier, Mr. and Mrs. John, 226.
+
+    Schladt's, Joe, 107.
+
+    Schoofield, Jacob, 34, 81.
+
+    School for Young Ladies, 34.
+
+    Schultz, Mr., 35.
+
+    Scotch Row, 69.
+
+    Scott, Arianna, 80.
+      Captain Douglas, 202.
+      Elizabeth, 66.
+      George, 66.
+      Gustavus, 19.
+      Winfield, 287.
+
+    Shaffer, Amy, 129.
+
+    Sharpe, Louise, 119.
+
+    Shepherd, Alexander, 191.
+
+    Ships--
+      _Potomack Planter_, 22.
+      _Brothers_, 22.
+      _Betsy_, 22.
+      _Ritson_, 22.
+      _Felicity_, 22.
+      _Lydia_, 22.
+      _Columbia_, 22.
+
+    Shouse, Jouett, 201.
+
+    "Sign of the Golden Fan," 35.
+
+    Sign of the Indian King, 31.
+
+    Sigsbee, Admiral, 250.
+
+    Simms, Mrs. Albert, 252.
+      Captain Charles Carroll, 136.
+
+    Simpson, Ignatius, 27.
+      James Alexander, 132, 206.
+      John, 132.
+      Reverend, Mr., 220.
+
+    Slidell, Hon. John, 170.
+
+    Smith, Barbara, 86.
+      Clement, 97, 125, 213, 299, 305.
+      Gurdon B., 168.
+      James, 9, 130.
+      Captain John, 3.
+      Jennie, 224.
+      Margaret, 76, 224.
+      Matilda, 125, 299.
+      Roberta, 224.
+
+    Smoot, John D., 155.
+
+    Snyder, Dr. Arthur, 138.
+      Dr. John M., 137.
+
+    "Sotterley," 93.
+
+    Sothern, E. H., 287.
+
+    Southworth, Mrs. E. D. E. N., 115.
+
+    "Sporting Parson," 106.
+
+    Sprague, Kate Chase, 244.
+
+    "Spring Hill," 71.
+
+    Stanton, Edwin M., 308.
+
+    "Star and Garter," 177.
+
+    _Star-Spangled Banner, The_, 101.
+
+    Steele, Franklin, 113.
+      Frank, 275.
+
+    Stephenson, Lucy, 135.
+
+    Steuben, General von, 60.
+
+    Stevens, George, 31, 32.
+      Oscar, 143.
+
+    Steuart, Adam, 10, 18.
+
+    Stewart, William, 200.
+
+    Stoddert, Benjamin, 10, 16, 47, 58, 112, 307.
+      Captain Thomas, 16.
+
+    Stohlman, Frederick, 108.
+      J. William, 108.
+
+    Stohlman's, 108.
+
+    Stone House, 86.
+
+    Stone, John H., 58.
+
+    Stouffer, Henry, 47.
+
+    Strange, Michael, 207.
+
+    Stuart, Albert Rhett, 214, 216.
+      David, 56, 59.
+      Gilbert, 44, 159.
+      Joshua, 182.
+      Col. Philip, 307.
+
+    Sumner, Charles, 163.
+
+    _Surprise_, 77.
+
+    Suter, John, 27, 28.
+      John, Jr., 86.
+
+    "Swallow Barn, The," 200.
+
+    Symonds, Misses, 120.
+
+
+    Tabor, Alice, 119.
+
+    Taft, Senator Robert A., 280.
+
+    Talcott, E. M., 206.
+      Miss Lucia, 286.
+
+    Talleyrand, 82.
+
+    Tavern, Union, 81.
+
+    Tayloe, Annie, 138.
+      Jane, 302.
+      John, 89, 302.
+      Sophie, 138.
+
+    Temple of Islam, 179.
+
+    Templeman, John, 111.
+
+    Tenally Town, 257.
+
+    Tennally, John, 31.
+
+    Tenney, William H., 214, 220.
+
+    Tenneys, Miss, 214.
+
+    Terrace Top, 287.
+
+    Thaw, Blair, 130.
+
+    Thomas, Edward, 47.
+      Gen. George C., 219.
+
+    Thompson, Charles, 51.
+      George, 83, 93.
+
+    Thomson, Elizabeth, 234.
+
+    Thornton, William, 31.
+      Mrs. William, 30.
+      Dr. William, 89, 263.
+
+    Threlkeld, Elizabeth, 123.
+      Henry, 17, 121.
+      Jane, 125, 299.
+      John, 63, 123.
+
+    Tillinghast, Rev. N. P., 239.
+
+    Timberlake, Mr., 308.
+
+    _Times and Potowmack Packet_, 28, 45, 46, 51.
+
+    Toby, Lemuel, 22.
+
+    Tohoga, 4.
+
+    Tudor Place, 89, 154, 261.
+
+    "Tunlaw," 209.
+
+    Tschuda, Ume, 241.
+
+    Turner, Nancy Byrd, 36.
+
+    Turner's Counting House, 44.
+
+    Tyler, Dr. Grafton, 149, 187.
+      Mittie, 182.
+      Dr. Walter Bowie, 189.
+
+
+    _Undiplomatic Memories_, 202.
+
+    Union Bank, 87, 108.
+      Hotel, 77.
+      Tavern, 29, 64.
+
+    United States Bank, 183.
+
+    Upper Marlboro, 26.
+
+
+    Vanderwerken, Mr., 85.
+
+    Van Devanter, Christopher, 202.
+      Sally, 202.
+
+    Van Nell, John P., 58.
+
+    Van Ness, Marcia Burns, 308.
+
+    Victoria, Queen, 177.
+
+    _Vigilant, The_, 36.
+
+    Villard, R. H. L., 35.
+
+    "Vineyard, The," 134.
+
+    "Virginia Dons," 15.
+      _Gazette, The_, 18.
+      Military Institute, 172.
+
+    Visitation Convent, 118.
+
+    Volney, Count, 82.
+
+    Volta Place, 206.
+      Speech Association, 121.
+
+
+    Wadsworth, Hon. James J., 131.
+
+    Waggaman, Thomas E., 201.
+
+    Walker, George, 15, 58.
+      Mr. and Mrs. John, 160.
+
+    Wapping, 40.
+
+    War Department, 170.
+
+    Warburton Manor, 63.
+
+    Ward, Ulysses, 213.
+
+    "Warehouse Lot," 87.
+
+    Warren, Mr., 93.
+
+    Washington Cathedral, 68.
+      City Orphan Asylum, 170.
+      Eleanor Ann, 287.
+      _Federalist, The_, 30.
+      George, 12, 15, 28, 51, 58.
+      George Corbin, 287.
+      John Augustine, 287.
+
+    Washington and Lee University, 172.
+
+    Washington, Lewis, 287.
+
+    "Washington Merry-Go-Round," 180.
+
+    Walters, William, 74.
+
+    Weaver's, Admiral House, 156.
+
+    Webster, Daniel, 169, 174.
+
+    _Weekly Ledger, The_, 33.
+
+    Weems, Doctor, 18.
+
+    Welsh, James, 35.
+
+    West, Mrs. Frank, 299.
+
+    West Washington School for Girls, 215.
+
+    Western Channel, 22.
+
+    Western High School, 126.
+
+    "Weston," 257.
+
+    Whann, David, 89.
+      Jane Maffitt, 181.
+      William, 83.
+
+    Wheatleys, 130.
+
+    Wheeler, Elizabeth, 58.
+
+    Whiskey Insurrectionists, 150.
+
+    Whitall, Samuel, 257.
+      Sarah, 257.
+
+    White House, 39.
+
+    White, Jane, 31.
+
+    White Sulphur, 177.
+
+    White's Tavern, Mrs., 44.
+
+    Wigglesworth, Hon. Richard B., 131.
+
+    Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, 295.
+
+    Wiley, Dr. David, 83, 181, 216.
+      Rev. David, 34.
+
+    Wilkinson, General, 150.
+      Theodore, 141.
+
+    Willard Hotel, 277.
+
+    William and Mary College, 172.
+
+    William of Orange, Prince, 13.
+
+    Williams, Alec, 140.
+      Brooke, 291.
+      Brooke, Jr., 275.
+      Mrs. Brooke, Sr., 274
+      Elisha O., 160.
+      Mrs. Elisha O., 270, 289.
+      Harriot Beall, 144, 202, 274, 291.
+      Jeremiah, 191.
+      Gen. Otho Holland, 52, 219.
+      Mrs. Rebecca, 291.
+      Dr. Walter, 216.
+      Capt. William G., 263.
+
+    Williamson, Rev. Alexander, 105.
+      Mrs., 156.
+
+    Wilson, William, 87.
+
+    Winant, John G., 205.
+
+    Winslow, Mary, 274.
+
+    Wirt, William, 34, 81.
+
+    Wise, John, 26.
+
+    Wood, Admiral and Mrs. Spencer, 160.
+
+    "Woodlawn," 89.
+
+    "Woodley," 95.
+
+    Woods, Marian, 156.
+
+    "Woodyard," 9.
+
+    Worthington, Dr. Charles, 115, 200, 298.
+      Mr. and Mrs. John, 156.
+      Lilah, 156.
+      Nicholas, 115.
+
+
+    Yellow Tavern, 205.
+
+    Young, Abraham, 58.
+      Notley, 58.
+      William, 58.
+
+
+    Zeller, Mary, 217.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes.
+
+The copyright clearance of this work has been researched and no
+indications were found that the U.S. copyright was renewed.
+
+Punctuation has been normalised, and hyphenation of words outside quoted
+material has been made consistent, without comment here.
+
+Due to the large number of variant spellings in the material quoted in
+this work, the following possible typographic errors in quoted material
+have not been corrected:
+
+    Page ix: "trnsubstantiation."
+
+    Page 20: "American indenpendence."
+
+    Page 30: "June 31, 1800."
+
+    Page 38: "George Town, where he palns to."
+
+    Page 38: "Carpenter, can by the asistance."
+
+    Page 49: "number of dogs in Gerogetown."
+
+    Page 133: "a freqeunt visitor."
+
+    Page 158: "Rensselear."
+
+    Page 282: "admit mere curisoity."
+
+    Page 283: "blissful comsummation."
+
+    Page 292: "The mariage ceremony."
+
+On Page 7 "at the the feast of the Annunciacion" was corrected to "at
+the feast of the Annunciacion."
+
+The following typographic errors outside quoted materials have been
+corrected:
+
+    Page 32: "Paquet" to "Packet," and on Page 32 and Page 51:
+    "Potomack" to "Potowmack," to match other instances of the name of
+    the "_Times and Potowmack Packet_."
+
+    Page 67: "Garnirke" to "Garnkirke."
+
+    Page 74: "Samuel McKenny" to "Samuel McKenney."
+
+    Page 109: "vari-clored" to "vari-colored"
+
+    Page 127: "Mr. and Mrs. Willliam Laird" to "Mr. and Mrs. William
+    Laird."
+
+    Page 129: "many other in this part" to "many others in this part."
+
+    Page 157: "Artistocratic" to "Aristocratic," per Bibliography.
+
+    Page 172: "the Greenbiar" to "the Greenbriar."
+
+    Page 174: "ninety strokes as cariage" to "ninety strokes as
+    carriage."
+
+    Page 175: "Encyclopedia" to "Encyclopædia," to match other references
+    to "_The Encyclopædia Britannica_."
+
+    Page 280: "Lincoln's assasination" to "Lincoln's assassination."
+
+    Page 313: "Beavoir School" to "Beauvoir School"
+
+    Page 320: "Queston family" to "Oueston family."
+
+    Page 314: "Burres, David" to "Burnes, David" and "Calton, Joseph" to
+    "Carlton, Joseph."
+
+    Page 317: "Hallerith, Hermann" to "Hollerith, Hermann."
+
+    Page 318: Indentation of Index entry for "Keith, Rev. Ruel,"
+    corrected.
+
+    Page 319 "Marsell, Judge" to "Morsell, Judge" and "McCloy, Mrs.
+    Frank R." to "McCoy, Mrs. Frank R."
+
+    Page 321: "Phillyss, E." to "Phillips, E."
+
+    Page 322: "Soyrs, Rev. Mr." to "Sayrs, Rev. Mr."
+
+    Page 323: "Thomsen, Elizabeth" to "Thomson, Elizabeth."
+
+The Index has been re-ordered after correction so that entries are in
+alphabetical order.
+
+Further it is noted that:
+
+    On Page 288, in "to live one another" one or more words is missing.
+
+    There is variation in the spelling of "Tenally Town", which is also
+    given as "Tennally Town" on Page 31, where the name is related to
+    that of its founder John Tennally. Both spellings appear to have
+    been in common usage.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Portrait of Old George Town, by 
+Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PORTRAIT OF OLD GEORGE TOWN ***
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+Project Gutenberg's A Portrait of Old George Town, by Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Portrait of Old George Town
+
+Author: Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
+Release Date: January 6, 2009 [EBook #27716]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PORTRAIT OF OLD GEORGE TOWN ***
+
+
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+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Louise Pattison and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
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+</pre>
+
+
+<p><a href="#CONTENTS">Table of Contents</a><br />
+<a href="#Transcribers_Notes">Transcriber's Notes</a></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<br /><img src="images/insidecover-low.jpg" alt="Map of George Town" title="Map of George Town" /><br />
+<a href="images/insidecover-high.jpg" style="font-size: 80%">Higher resolution image</a></div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p>
+	<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span>
+</p>
+<h1>
+	<i>A PORTRAIT<br />OF<br />OLD GEORGE TOWN</i>
+</h1>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p>
+	<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[Pg ii]</a></span>
+</p>
+<div class="figcenter">
+	<img src="images/illus-003.jpg" alt="EARLY GEORGE TOWN" title="EARLY GEORGE TOWN" /><br />
+	<span class="caption smcap">Early George Town</span><br />
+<a href="images/illus-003-high.jpg" style="font-size: 80%">Higher resolution image</a>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="center">
+	<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span>
+	<span style="font-size: 2em">A Portrait of<br />Old George Town</span>
+</p>
+<p class="smcap center">
+	by<br />Grace Dunlop Ecker
+</p>
+<div class="figcenter">
+	<img src="images/illus-004.jpg" alt="Decoration" title="Decoration" />
+</div>
+<p class="center">
+	<i>1951</i><br />THE DIETZ PRESS, INCORPORATED<br /><i>Richmond, Virginia</i><br /><br />
+</p>
+<p class="center">
+	<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span>
+	<span class="smcap">Copyright</span>, 1951<br />
+	<span class="smcap">by</span><br />
+	GRACE G. D. PETER<br /><br />
+	<span class="smcap">second edition</span><br />
+	Revised and Enlarged<br /><br />
+	<span class="smcap">printed in the united states of america</span><br />
+</p>
+<div class="tn" style="font-size: 80%;">
+<p class="center">Transcriber's Note: The copyright of this work has been researched and no
+indications were found that the U.S. copyright was renewed.</p></div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="center">
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span>
+    <span class="smcap">
+      Dedicated<br />
+      to the memory of<br />
+      My Father and Mother<br />
+      George Thomas and Emily Redin Dunlop<br />
+      and<br />
+      My Aunt, Ellen Dunlop<br />
+      all three of whom lived long, useful<br />
+      and unselfish lives<br />
+      in Georgetown<br />
+    </span>
+  <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span>
+</p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p>
+    <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+    <a name="GEORGE_TOWN_GHOSTS" id="GEORGE_TOWN_GHOSTS"></a>GEORGE TOWN GHOSTS
+</h2>
+<p class="center">
+    <i>By</i> <span class="smcap">William Tipton Tablott</span>
+</p>
+<div class="poem">
+    <p class="stanza">
+    <i>The ghosts of Georgetown when they meet<br />
+    In haunted house or moonlit street<br />
+    With pride recall the functions gay<br />
+    When down the Philadelphia way<br />
+    The Federal City overnight<br />
+    Moved to its bare and swampy site,<br />
+    For Georgetown then a busy mart,<br />
+    A growing seaport from the start,<br />
+    Where a whole-hearted spirit reigned,<br />
+    Threw wide its doors, and entertained<br />
+    With wines and viands of the best&mdash;<br />
+    The Federal City was its guest.</i><br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="stanza">
+    <i>In memory of the good old days,<br />
+    Whose ways to them were modern ways,<br />
+    Congenial ghosts across Rock Creek,<br />
+    With formal bows and steps antique,<br />
+    Rehearse a spectral minuet<br />
+    Where once in bright assemblies met&mdash;<br />
+    Beruffled belles looked love to beaus<br />
+    In powdered wigs and faultless hose;<br />
+    Or merchant ghosts survey the skies<br />
+    And venture guesses weatherwise<br />
+    Regarding winds that will prevail<br />
+    To speed their ships about to sail.</i><br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="stanza">
+    <i>Still in the shaded hillside streets<br />
+    A trace of old-time welcome greets<br />
+    The passer-by who has a flare<br />
+    For scenes of old. No longer there<br />
+    A buoyant Georgetown stands alone,<br />
+    The Federal City having grown<br />
+    Until their boundaries overlap;<br />
+    So that, deleted from the map,<br />
+    Though once the Federal City's host,<br />
+    Georgetown itself is now a ghost.</i><br />
+    </p>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Foreword" id="Foreword"></a><i>Foreword</i></h2>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-010-sm.jpg" alt="I"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_1">IT IS not at all in my mind to write a history of Georgetown. Several
+have been written, but I do want, very, very much, to paint a portrait
+of this dear old town of my birth where my parents, my grandparents,
+great-grandfathers and one great-great-grandfather lived, and which I
+love so dearly.</p></div>
+
+<p>A portrait, partly of its physical features, its streets, its houses and
+gardens, some of which still exist in their pristine glory but, alas,
+many of which have gone the way of so-called progress. In place of the
+dignified houses of yore, of real architectural beauty, stand rows of
+cheap dwellings or stores, erected mostly in the seventies and eighties
+when architecture was at its worst. In 1895 it was that the old names of
+the streets were taken away and from then on we've been just an adjunct
+of Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Not only of its physical side do I wish to tell, but I want to paint a
+picture of the kind of people who lived here, from the beginning up
+through the gay nineties&mdash;nearly one hundred and fifty years. Of the
+kind of things they did, their work, their play, their thoughts and
+their beliefs, for the character of the town, like human beings, was
+formed largely by their beliefs, and these old Scotsmen&mdash;for they were
+greatly in the majority&mdash;laid a great deal of stress on their
+Presbyterian form of Christianity. Witness the oath that had to be taken
+by the Flour Inspector on February 24, 1772: "I, Thomas Brannan, do
+declare that I do believe that there is not any trnsubstantiation in
+the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper or in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a></span> elements of bread and
+wine, at or after the consecration thereof by any person whatsoever."</p>
+
+<p>And yet, with this strong prejudice, they co&ouml;perated and lived on
+friendly terms with the Roman Catholics who, very soon after the taking
+of this particular oath, founded their college and established their
+convent for teaching young girls.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Balch counselled well when he besought his people: "Let us resolve
+to be social rather than fashionable, and generous instead of
+extravagant."</p>
+
+<p>All down through the years and to this day I think that has been the
+hall-mark of the real Georgetonian. A great deal of fashion has come to
+Georgetown, as in the early days of the bringing of the government when
+Washington City was a waste and almost entirely one big mud puddle, and
+the foreign ministers and many high in our government sought the comfort
+and dignity of this town, which was then far from young.</p>
+
+<p>Again in later years there has been an exodus across Rock Creek of men
+and women high in the government; in the diplomatic corps; in industry;
+in literature and the arts; lured hither by the quiet dignity of the
+old-time atmosphere.</p>
+
+<p>There are today living in Georgetown descendants of nearly every one of
+the original makers of the town, and all through these years the old
+friendships still persist and flourish.<br /></p>
+
+<p class="center">*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*<br /></p>
+
+<p>It is impossible for me to express my thanks to all the people who have
+helped me and made it possible to write<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</a></span> this book. I want to mention
+Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor; Miss Williams of the Peabody Room of the
+Georgetown Branch of the Public Library; Miss McPherson and Mr. John
+Beverley Riggs of the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress;
+Mr. Meredith Colket and Mr. O. W. Holmes of the National Archives; Dr.
+H. Paul Caemmerer, Secretary of the Commission of Fine Arts; Miss
+Pennybaker, of the Real Estate and Columbia Title Insurance Company; the
+Mount Vernon Ladies' Association and Mr. C. C. Wall, Superintendent of
+Mount Vernon. Also the various people who did the typing and helped
+secure the photographs.</p>
+
+<p>And last but not least the friends of the old regime who have given to
+me freely of the history and traditions of their ancestors. They are too
+many to name, but to each one I owe a real debt of gratitude. Especially
+to one, my life-long friend, am I indebted. Without her unceasing
+interest and encouragement this Portrait might never have been done.</p>
+
+<p class="right">GRACE GLASGOW DUNLOP ECKER.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[Pg xii]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[Pg xiii]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<table id="ToC" summary="Table of Contents">
+<tr><td class="tocl" colspan="2"></td><td class="toc right"><i>Page</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocl" colspan="2"><span class="smcap" >Dedication</span></td><td class="toc" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocl" colspan="2"><span class="smcap" >George Town Ghosts</span></td><td class="toc" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocl" colspan="2"><span class="smcap" >Foreword</span></td><td class="toc" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="#Page_ix">ix</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocl" colspan="2"><i>Chapter</i></td><td class="toc right" ></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >I.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Beginnings of a Town</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >II.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >The Original Town and Its People</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >III.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >The Taverns, Shops, and Schools</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >IV.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >The Streets of George Town and Some of the Happenings</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >V.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Washington and L'Enfant in George Town</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >VI.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Below Bridge Street</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >VII.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Along Bridge (M) Street</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >VIII.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >High Street, Prospect Avenue, the College, the Convent, and the Threlkelds</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_104">104</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >IX.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Along First Street (N) from Cox's Row to High Street (Wisconsin Ave.)</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >X.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Gay (N) Street&mdash;East to Rock Creek</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >XI.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >The Three Philanthropists</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_161">161</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >XII.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >The Seminary, Washington (30th) Street and Dumbarton Avenue</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_179">179</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >XIII.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Third Street, Beall (O) Street, West (P) Street</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >XIV.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Stoddert (Q) Street</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_224">224</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >XV.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Tudor Place and Congress (31st) Street</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_261">261</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="toc" >XVI.</td><td class="tocl"> <span class="smcap" >Evermay, The Heights and Oak Hill</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_281">281</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocl" colspan="2" ><span class="smcap" >Bibliography</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_311">311</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="tocl" colspan="2" ><span class="smcap">Index</span></td><td class="toc" ><a href="#Page_313">313</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[Pg xiv]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[Pg xv]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS" id="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+<table id="LoI" summary="List of Illustrations">
+<tr><td class="loi" colspan="2">Early George Town</td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_ii"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi" colspan="2"></td><td class="loi right smcap">Page</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Rev. James McVean</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Henry Foxall </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_73">73 </a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Home of Henry Foxall </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_75">75 </a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Old Presbyterian Church </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_84">84 </a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">General James Maccubbin Lingan  </td><td rowspan="3">}<br />}<br />}</td><td class="loi right" rowspan="3"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Benjamin Stoddert</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Uriah Forrest</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">William Marbury </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_94">94</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Philip Barton Key </td><td rowspan="2">}<br />}</td><td class="loi right" rowspan="2"><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Mrs. Philip Barton Key (Elizabeth Plater)</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Home of Francis Scott Key </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_100">100</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Francis Scott Key </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Benjamin Stoddert's House </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Home of Dr. Charles Worthington </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_114">114</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">John Threlkeld </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Colonel John Cox </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Old Dr. Riley's House</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">3017 N Street. The House that Thomas Beall Built</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_145">145</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">John Laird</td><td rowspan="2">}<br />}</td><td class="loi right" rowspan="2"><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">James Dunlop, Senior</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Major George Peter</td><td rowspan="3">}<br />}<br />}</td><td class="loi right" rowspan="3"><a href="#Page_152">152</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Judge James Dunlop</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">William Redin</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Edward Magruder Linthicum</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_162">162</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">William Wilson Corcoran</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_164">164</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[Pg xvi]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">George Peabody</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_175">175</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Miss Lydia English </td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_184">184 </a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Dr. Grafton Tyler</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_188">188</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_193">193</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Old McKenney House</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_195">195</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">St. John's Church</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_198">198</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Bodisco House</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_203">203</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Christ Church</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Washington Bowie</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_223">223</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">The Sevier House (Built by Washington Bowie)</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_225">225</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">The George T. Dunlop House</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_228">228</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Francis Dodge, Senior</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_233">233</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">The Sons of Francis Dodge, 1878</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_238">238</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">William A. Gordon</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_249">249</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Dumbarton House</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_255">255</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Tudor Place</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_260">260</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Thomas Peter</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_262">262</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Mrs. Thomas Peter (Martha Parke Custis)</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_264">264</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Lloyd Beall</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_278">278</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">The Old Mackall House</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_285">285</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Home of Brooke Williams</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_290">290</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Madame Bodisco</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_294">294</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Mount Hope. The William Robinson House</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_296">296 </a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">The Oaks (Now Dumbarton Oaks)</td><td rowspan="2">}<br />}</td><td class="loi right" rowspan="2"><a href="#Page_300">300 </a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">Montrose</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="loi">William Hammond Dorsey</td><td></td><td class="loi right"><a href="#Page_302">302 </a></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="A_PORTRAIT" id="A_PORTRAIT"></a><i>A PORTRAIT</i><br />
+<i>OF</i><br />
+<i>OLD GEORGE TOWN</i></h2>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_I" id="Chapter_I"></a>Chapter I</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Beginnings of a Town</i></h3>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-020-sm.jpg" alt="T"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">THERE are many Georgetowns up and down the Atlantic seaboard in the
+original thirteen colonies, and even one in Kentucky, much like the
+Jamestowns and Charlestowns and Williamsburgs named for the sovereign of
+the time, but this George Town of which I write was in Maryland on the
+Potomac River, and because it was situated at the head of tidewater of
+that great river, it became important on account of the great amount of
+tobacco grown in that area and brought to this point to be carried
+across the seas.</p></div>
+
+<p>The earliest knowledge we have of this region, which has become The
+Capital City of the great United States of America, concerns the Indians
+who were living here when the white explorers came.</p>
+
+<p>The first of these we know of was the redoubtable Captain John Smith,
+who, in 1608, came up the Potomac River and made a map of his travels.
+He tells us in his <i>Historie of Virginie</i> of "the mildness of the aire,
+the fertilitie of the soil, and the situation of the rivers to the
+nature and use of man as no place more convenient for pleasure, profit
+and man's sustenance." He was referring to the confluence of the Potomac
+with its Eastern Branch and the then good-sized Rock Creek.</p>
+
+<p>In 1634 another Englishman, Henry Fleete, sailed up<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> the river as far as
+the Little Falls, trading furs with the Indians. Thus he wrote of the
+site of George Town:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p >"Monday, the 25th of June, we set sail for the Town of Tohoga,
+where we came to anchor two leagues short of the falls: this place
+is without question the most pleasant in all this country and most
+convenient for habitation; the air temperate in summer and not
+violent in winter. The river aboundeth in all manner of fish, and
+for deer, buffalos, bears and turkeys, the woods do swarm with them
+and the soil is exceedingly fertile."</p></div>
+
+<p>Henry Fleete remained with the Indians about twelve years, whether of
+his own free will or as a captive is not quite certain, but evidently
+this writing of his was to good purpose, for, in the next decade, small
+parties of Scots and Irish began settling on the Potomac at the mouth of
+Rock Creek.</p>
+
+<p>The Indians whom these white men found here belonged to the Algonquin
+Nation, which included many tribes. Thomas Jefferson says there were
+probably forty of these tribes between the Atlantic Ocean and the
+Potomac River. The tribe living within the limits of the present
+District of Columbia was the Nacotchankes or Anacostians, as the British
+called them, hence, the name given to the Eastern branch of the Potomac,
+where the largest village was situated, near what is now called Benning.
+West of Rock Creek was the village of Tohoga, on the site of what became
+George Town.</p>
+
+<p>The Indian families lived on cultivated farms of a few acres, each
+strung out along the river. From it came a large part of their food,
+and, of course, it was their best mode of communication by canoe.</p>
+
+<p>The most interesting activity of these Indians was the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> manufacture of
+all manner of tools from the stones which they found in the surrounding
+hills. These cobblestones had been washed down by the river ages before.
+In later years they paved the streets of Georgetown, but these Indians
+used them to form arrow-darts, knives, spear points, scrapers, and
+drills of all sizes. Traces of these quarries were found as late as
+1900; the largest of them seems to have been on Piney Branch, where it
+is crossed by 16th Street. It is now obliterated.</p>
+
+<p>There was, also, in this region, soapstone, and from it and from clay,
+the Indians made pots and vessels for household use.</p>
+
+<p>Scientists think that other tribes came from far away to barter their
+goods for these implements, and so, over three hundred years ago, this
+place was a sort of metropolis for the Indians.</p>
+
+<p>It was, of course, by way of the river that the settlers came to this
+region after the grant of the Colony of Maryland to Lord Baltimore as
+Lord Proprietor. This colony of Maryland differed from the other
+colonies in the fact that all the land was the property of Lord
+Baltimore, to give or sell as he pleased. Another difference was the
+establishment of the Manorial System, by which the owner of one thousand
+acres or more became Lord of his Manor. (It was almost like the Feudal
+System.)</p>
+<p>In 1703 a grant of 795 acres was made to Ninian Beall, beginning thus:</p>
+<div class="blockquot"><p >"Charles, Absolute Lord and Proprietor of the Province of
+Maryland....</p>
+
+<p>Know yee that for and in consideration that Ninian Beall of Prince
+Georges County had due unto him 795 acres of land within our
+Province....</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-023.jpg" alt="Rev. James McVean" title="Rev. James McVean" /><br />
+<span class="caption smcap">Rev. James McVean</span><span class="caption"> (See Chapter XI)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p ><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>We do therefore grant unto him the said Ninian Beall all that tract
+or parcell of land called Rock of Dunbarton, lying in the said
+County, beginning at the Southwest corner Tree, of a tract of land
+taken for Robert Mason standing by Potomack River side at the mouth
+of Rock Creek....</p>
+
+<p>To have and to hold the same unto him the said Ninian Beall, his
+heirs and assignees forever to be holden of us and our heirs as of
+our manor of Calverton in free and Common Soccage by fealty only
+for all manner of services yielding and paying therefor yearly unto
+us and our heirs at our receipt at the City of St. Maries at the
+two most usual feasts in the year&mdash;at the feast of Annunciacion
+of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Michael the Archangell by even
+and equal porcions the rent of one pound eleven shillings and nine
+pence half penny sterling silver or gold....</p>
+
+<p>Given under our Greater Seal of Armes, this eighteenth day of
+November, one thousand seven hundred and three, witness our trusty
+and well beloved Colonel Henry Darnell, keeper of our said Greater
+Seale in our said Province of Maryland."</p></div>
+
+<p>Colonel Ninian Beall lived a long and interesting life. He had been born
+in Largo, Fifes Shire, Scotland, in 1625. There he had been an officer
+in the Scottish-English Army, which fought for the Stuarts' Army against
+Cromwell; he was made a prisoner at the battle of Dunbar, September 3,
+1650, and sentenced to five years servitude in the Barbadoes, West
+Indies. Many gentlemen were so sentenced as political prisoners and sent
+out as industrial servants at that time. He was eventually sent to
+Maryland, where, after completing his term of servitude, he proved his
+right to 50 acres of land and received many hundreds more for bringing
+out immigrants and settling there.</p>
+
+<p>He held many notable and honorable offices in the colony, and, in 1699,
+the General Assembly passed an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> Act of Gratitude for the distinguished
+Indian services of Colonel Ninian Beall.</p>
+
+<p>As he was Commander in Chief of the Provincial Forces in Maryland, he
+probably visited the garrison at the Falls and so knew this region long
+before he was granted this tract of the Rock of Dunbarton. He previously
+had procured 225 acres on the east side of Rock Creek just opposite,
+called Beall's Levels.</p>
+
+<p>Ninian Beall died in 1717 at his home, Fifer Largo, near Upper Marlboro,
+Maryland. From a description of him in the Records of the Columbia
+Historical Society:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >... "He had a complexion characteristic of his nationality, with an
+unusually heavy growth of long red hair, and was over six feet in
+height, powerful in brawn and muscle and phenomenal in physical
+endurance."</p></div>
+
+<p>He had twelve children, six sons and six daughters. In his will is
+recorded:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >"I do give and bequeath unto my son George, my plantation and tract
+of land called the Rock of Dunbarton, lying and being at Rock
+Creek, containing four hundred and eight acres, with all the stock
+thereon, both cattle and hogs, them and their increase, unto my
+said son, George, and unto his heirs forever.</p>
+
+<p>"I do also give and bequeath, unto my said son, George Beall, his
+choice of one of my feather beds, bolster and pillow and other
+furniture thereunto belonging, with two cows and calves and half my
+sheep from off this plantation I now live on, unto him and his
+heirs forever."</p></div>
+
+<p>This son, George, was the eighth child of Ninian Beall. He had a son,
+Thomas, who always styled himself Thomas Beall of George; of him we
+shall hear more later on. The family was not limited to these, for many
+other Bealls, men and women, appear in the annals of George Town.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>George Gordon, the other of the two original proprietors of the lands
+which became George Town, was also a Scotsman and had a share in a
+manufacture at Leith, near Edinburgh, so it is evident that, when he
+came to this country, he had means which he invested in Prince Georges
+County and Frederick County, Maryland. He held the office of Sheriff of
+Frederick County and was a judge of the first County Court.</p>
+
+<p>A deed to Gordon from James Smith, "planter," is dated November 13,
+1734. In it, George Gordon is described as "merchant." The tract
+conveyed was one hundred acres, known as "Knaves' Disappointment," a
+part of three hundred acres called his Rock Creek Plantation. The
+consideration was one hundred pounds sterling or about five hundred
+dollars.</p>
+
+<p>It is thought that the original Inspection House of George Gordon was
+built of logs not far from the mouth of Rock Creek, fronting on the
+Potomac, somewhere between 1734 and 1748. The main inspection house was
+built later on "the warehouse lot," an acre close to the southwest
+intersection of Falls and Water Streets (M Street and Wisconsin Avenue).
+He resided nearby at the site of 3206 M. Street. Later on, in 1745,
+George Gordon bought an estate for a permanent home; it is thought to
+have been near Holy Rood Cemetery or near the Industrial Home School on
+Wisconsin Avenue. After the death of his wife, George Gordon left his
+Rock Creek Plantation, and went to live at "Woodyard" with Stephen West.</p>
+
+<p>The will of George Gordon is dated May 10, 1766. At the time of his
+death he had a son, John, and a daughter, who had married Tobias Belt.
+To his son, John, "mariner," who was in the East India service, he
+devised the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> dwelling house at Rock Creek Plantation on Goose Creek and
+the waterside lot in Georgetown numbered 75.</p>
+
+<p>In those days tobacco was, of course, the big crop, and an English
+writer called it "the meat, drink, clothing, and money of the
+colonists." Regulations were very strict in regard to the exportation of
+tobacco.</p>
+
+<p>Inspection houses for tobacco such as that of George Gordon were also
+called Rolling Houses, from the fact that the hogsheads of tobacco had a
+hole bored in each head and an axle run through from one end to another.
+To this axle a shaft was attached, and drawn by a horse or an ox, so
+rolled along over the rough roads of that time to their destinations.
+Here was the one place in Frederick County for inspection; here was a
+natural site for a town, and so came the demand for one.</p>
+
+<p>On June 8, 1751 the Assembly of the Province of Maryland appointed
+commissioners to lay out a town here in the county of Frederick, which
+had been formed in 1748 from Prince Georges County. The first appointed
+were: Captain Henry Wright Crabb, Masters John Needham, James Perrie,
+Samuel Magruder III, Josiah Beall, David Lynn. Appointed as their
+successors from time to time as vacancies occurred, were: Andrew Heugh,
+1754; Robert Peter, 1757; John Murdock, 1766; Thomas Richardson, 1772;
+William Deakins, Jr., 1772; Bernard O'Neill, 1782; Thomas Beall, of
+George, 1782; Benj. Stoddert, Samuel Davidson, 1785; John Peter, 1789,
+and Adam Steuart. The last named gave up his American citizenship and
+went to Europe to live, as he was not in sympathy with the Revolution.
+His land was confiscated by the State of Maryland. The Surveyors and
+Clerks of the Commissioners were:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="indentone">Alexander Beall, 1751-1757; Josiah Beall, 1757-1774; Robert
+Ferguson, 1774, and Daniel Reintzel, 1774-1782.</p>
+
+<p>Meetings were held in private houses through all the years until 1789,
+when, at last, George Town was incorporated.</p>
+
+<p>To return to the year 1752, when the first survey of ground for the town
+was made, among the tracts surveyed were the following with their names:</p>
+
+<p class="indentone">
+Conjurer's Disappointment (Deakins)<br />
+Frogland (Thomas Beatty)<br />
+Knave's Disappointment (George Gordon)<br />
+Discovery (Robert Peter)<br />
+Resurvey on Salop (John Threlkeld)<br />
+Pretty Prospect (Benjamin Stoddert)<br />
+Beall's Levels and Rock of Dumbarton (George Beall)<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The survey was completed on February 28, 1752 and Beall's and Gordon's
+land found "most convenient." Each gentleman was offered two town lots
+besides the price of condemnation. George Gordon chose numbers 48 and
+52. George Beall had refused to recognize the proceedings of the
+commissioners in any way, so he was notified that "if he did not make
+his choice of lots within 10 days from February 28th, he could only
+blame himself for the consequences." After reflecting for a week he sent
+the following answer:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>If I must part with my property by force, I had better save a
+little than be totally demolished. Rather than none, I accept these
+lots, numbers 72 and 79, said to be Mr. Henderson's and Mr.
+Edmonston's. But I do hereby protest and declare that my acceptance
+of the said lots, which is by force, shall not debar<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> me from
+future redress from the Commissions or others, if I can have the
+rights of a British subject. God save the King.</p>
+
+<p class="sig">George Beall.</p>
+<p class="bdate">March 7, 1752.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Can't you see how difficult it was for the old gentleman (he must then,
+by the records, have been about sixty years of age or more) to cooperate
+with the changes that were coming to ruin, as he thought, his
+comfortable and profitable plantation life?</p>
+
+<p>Two hundred and eighty pounds were paid for the sixty acres of the
+original town. The southern boundary was the river, the western about
+where the college now stands, the eastern a few feet west of the present
+30th Street, and the northern boundary was a few feet south of the
+present N Street. The only boundary stone still existing is the one that
+was No. 2 in the survey, the northeastern corner of the town, and is now
+in the garden of number 3014 N. Street. There were eighty lots in the
+original town.</p>
+
+<p>The name has been variously attributed to George II, the King then
+reigning; to the two Georges from whom the land was taken, and to George
+Washington, which last is, of course, absurd, as he was then a young man
+of twenty, engaged in surveying the properties of Lord Fairfax.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_II" id="Chapter_II"></a>Chapter II</h2>
+
+<h3><i>The Original Town and Its People</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-030-sm.jpg" alt="G"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">GEORGE TOWN flourished and became more and more a busy port. Its
+population in 1800 was 2,993; by 1810 it was 4,948. Its wharves were
+thronged with vessels sailing across the seas laden with the "precious
+weed" and with wheat brought in from plantations for the "flouring
+mills" in great Conestoga wagons painted red and blue drawn by six-horse
+teams adorned with gay harness and jingling bells. Also, there was a
+thriving coastwise trade, up to old Salem and Newburyport where the
+clipper ships were built, and down to the West Indies. These ships
+brought back sugar, molasses, and rum, and from the old country came
+clothing, and furniture, and all sorts of luxuries, for the thriving
+merchants were building comfortable homes and furnishing them in
+elegance and taste.</p></div>
+
+<p>General Edward Braddock, after a brilliant military career under Prince
+William of Orange, in Holland, had been made a major-general and put in
+charge of troops in Virginia against the French. He landed his troops in
+Alexandria, marched them up to where the ferry crossed to George Town,
+where they divided, part going through Virginia, and he, with the
+remainder, crossing the Potomac to George Town from whence he continued
+on his fateful march to Fort Duquesne, where he met his terrible defeat
+and lost his life.</p>
+
+<p>He had come from Perthshire in old Scotland, so, of course, had received
+a warm welcome in this Scottish<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> town. And thus he had written back to
+England to George Anne Bellamy, the gifted actress, in 1755: "For never
+have I attended a more complete banquet or met better dressed or better
+mannered people than I met on my arrival in George Town, which is named
+after our gracious Majesty." If only he had mentioned in whose house the
+banquet was or the names of some of these agreeable people he met!</p>
+
+<p>James Truslow Adams, in his fascinating book, <i>The Epic of America</i>,
+speaks over and over again of the culture of the pre-Revolutionary towns
+along the Atlantic seaboard, and what a high point it had reached. No
+better example could be found than this old town with its families who
+had come from well-to-do circumstances, not, as was the case with so
+many settlers of the new country, in order to escape trouble. They came
+mostly from Scotland; witness the names as time goes on. Indeed, to such
+an extent, that the little settlement had first of all been called New
+Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>One of the very first to establish himself in the business of exporting
+tobacco, was Robert Peter, who is often spoken of in old records as
+"George Town's pioneer business man," and also as "The merchant prince
+and land owner." As a young man of about twenty he had come from
+Crossbasket near Glasgow, first to Bladensburg and thence to George
+Town, and in 1752 established himself in business, and in 1790 became
+its first mayor. He represented the firm of John Glassford &amp; Company of
+North Britain, Glasgow, well known both in England and in Scotland. So
+much of the tobacco trade flowed into the Scottish city that the wealthy
+merchants there who dealt<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> in it were known as the "Virginia Dons," and
+to this day there is in the old port of Glasgow a Virginia Street.</p>
+
+<p>James Dunlop, a cousin of Robert Peter, also had come from his home
+Garnkirke, near Glasgow, first to New York, then to George Town about
+1783 and established himself in this same lucrative exporting business.
+He did a great deal of business in Dumfries, Virginia, near
+Fredericksburg.</p>
+
+<p>These old letters give a picture of the times:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">George Town, December 15th, 1788.</p>
+<p>Gentlemen:</p>
+
+<p>Your favors of the 11th July duly received by Mr. Dunlop with the
+black cloth, which I am afraid I shall soon have occasion for, my
+old friend Mr. Heugh being now in a very dangerous way indeed, etc.</p>
+
+<p class="sig">George Walker.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Andrew Heugh had been one of the Commissioners in the laying off of
+George Town. He owned one of the very first lots on the water front and
+High Street.</p>
+
+<p>Here is another one of these letters:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">George Town, August 8, 1788.</p>
+<p >Gentlemen:</p>
+
+<p>The quantity of tobacco planted this year in the neighborhood of
+this place is vastly larger than ever was known. John Campbell and
+J. Dunlop are very backward in buying with all cash, but as Colonel
+Deakins is again in cash the price still keeps at a guinea ... from
+these causes I would not be forward in recommending speculation in
+the weed, especially as those of good information are holding off.</p>
+
+<p class="sig">George Walker.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>No less a person than General Washington himself wrote in 1791 that
+George Town ranked as the greatest tobacco market in Maryland, if not in
+the Union.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Duc de la Rochefoucault Liancourt, traveling in the United States in
+1795-'97, says that in 1791 tobacco exports from George Town were
+$314,864.00. They went even higher in 1792 and 1793, but in 1794 and the
+following years decreased considerably, which was attributed to two
+causes: a falling off in tobacco growing, and a diversion of the capital
+of the merchants to speculation in lots in the Federal City.</p>
+
+<p>A prominent firm in this same business of exporting tobacco was that of
+Forrest, Stoddert, and Murdock, formed in 1783. Uriah Forrest was born
+in St. Mary's County, Maryland, in 1756. He served with distinction in
+the Revolution, was wounded in the Battle of Germantown and lost a leg
+at the Battle of Brandywine.</p>
+
+<p>He was a delegate in the Continental Congress and served in the third
+Congress from March 4, 1793 to November 8, 1794, when he resigned. He
+was commissioned major-general in the Maryland Militia in 1795.</p>
+
+<p>After the war he went to London on business for the Government at his
+own expense, but returned to enter business with his old friend,
+Benjamin Stoddert.</p>
+
+<p>Born in Charles County, Maryland, in 1751, Stoddert was of Scottish
+ancestry, the son of Captain Thomas Stoddert who, while with the
+Maryland contingent, was killed in Braddock's defeat. Benjamin Stoddert
+had joined the Continental Army as a captain of cavalry and was in
+active service until the Battle of Brandywine where, after holding the
+rank of major, he was so severely wounded as to unfit him for active
+service. He had seriously considered settling in either Baltimore or
+Alexandria, urged by friends in each of these cities, but decided that
+George Town was a better venture.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Colonel John Murdock was already living in George Town where his father,
+William Murdock, was in business.</p>
+
+<p>Francis Lowndes also had a large warehouse, and John Laird was
+prosperous in this business, and as time went on, meant a great deal to
+Georgetown. Colonel Deakins, Jr., was prominent, for on his tomb was
+inscribed: "George Town, by the blow, has lost her most illustrious
+patron." He was only fifty-six when he died in 1798. In his youth, he
+had done surveying with George Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Henry Threlkeld was born in Cumberland County, England, in 1716, came to
+America and bought an estate of 1,000 acres known as Berleith, bordering
+on the Potomac. It ran northward, and the present sites of Georgetown
+College and Convent are on part of this land. He seems to have continued
+to farm his estate, and died in 1781. His only child, John, became very
+prominent in all of the affairs of the town.</p>
+
+<p>Joseph Carlton, also in the tobacco business, who died in March, 1812,
+when only fifty-eight years old, had held the office of postmaster in
+1799.</p>
+
+<p>General James Maccubbin Lingan, a tobacco shipper, who was the first
+collector of the port ... "1790 and before," had had a very remarkable
+career in the Revolution.</p>
+
+<p>Colonel Charles Beatty owned a ferry which did a thriving business
+between the Virginia shore and the foot of Frederick Street at Water
+Street.</p>
+
+<p>Ebenezer Dodge had come from Salem, Massachusetts, and built up a
+successful coastwise trade with the East Indies, his younger brother,
+Francis, coming in 1798, of whom I shall have a great deal to say in
+another chapter.</p>
+
+<p>Peter Casanave was much in evidence in business deals.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>John M. Gannt was a prominent merchant; also, William King, whose name
+is still known in business here.</p>
+
+<p>Among the lawyers were Philip Barton Key and Joseph Earle.</p>
+
+<p>Doctor Magruder is spoken of over and over again. He seems to have been
+"the doctor" at that time. Doctor Weems also had a good practice.</p>
+
+<p>From <i>The Virginia Gazette</i> of January 14, 1775, is taken this note in
+regard to a project much in the minds of the business men of George Town
+at that time:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >At a meeting of the Trustees for opening the navigation of the
+Potomack River held in George Town December 1, 1774, Thomas
+Johnson, Jr., Attorney at Law, Wm. Deakins, Adam Steuart, Thomas
+Johns, Thomas Richardson, merchants of George Town, appointed to
+hire slaves for cutting canals around the Falls of the River, etc.</p></div>
+
+<p>Of course, George Town, like every other town in the country at that
+time, was peopled largely by negroes. Some owners hired out the ones
+they themselves did not need, either for work of this kind or for
+domestic service. A delightful story is told of how one of the
+shipowners sent a "likely" young negress back to Scotland on one of his
+vessels, as a present to his mother. Many weeks later when the vessel
+returned, on it was Chloe with a note thanking "my dear son" for his
+gift, but saying, "I have had her scrubbed and scrubbed, but as it is
+impossible to remove the dirt and stain, I am returning her."</p>
+
+<p>In 1788 Thomas Corcoran, who that year came to George Town from
+Baltimore, intended to go on to Richmond, but instead stayed and
+established a business in leather, says: "There were then in harbor ten
+square-rigged vessels, two of them being ships and a small brig<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> from
+Amsterdam taking in tobacco from a warehouse on Rock Creek." The mouth
+of the creek at that time was a bay, wide and deep, and as late as 1751
+the tide ebbed and flowed as far up as the present P Street bridge.</p>
+
+<p>Near there stood the paper mill built about 1800 by Gustavus Scott and
+Nicholas Lingan, and described in an old advertisement as being 120 feet
+long, three stories high, the first story built of stone. Just beyond
+was Parrott's Mill, called the George Town Wool and Cotton Manufactory.
+Parrott also had a Rope Walk on the northern outskirts of the Town. A
+little farther north of Parrott's Mill at the bend of Rock Creek was
+Lyon's Mill, said to have been built in 1780.</p>
+
+<p>Naturally all through these years during and after the Revolution there
+was a great deal of unrest, and trade was much affected.</p>
+
+<p>The following is a copy of an authentic letter from the celebrated Dr.
+Franklin to a friend in England on the subject of the first campaign
+made by the British forces in America and, although not written from
+Georgetown, it shows the state of mind of many people.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Dear Sir. I am to set out tomorrow for the camp and having heard of
+this opportunity can only write a line to say that I am well and
+hardy.</p>
+
+<p>Tell our good friend&mdash;who sometimes has his doubts and
+despondencies about our firmness that America is determined and
+unanimous, a very few tories and place men excepted, who will
+probably soon export themselves.</p>
+
+<p>Britain, at the expense of 3 millions has killed 150 yankees this
+campaign which is 20,000 pounds a head, and at Bunker's Hill she
+gained one mile of ground, half of which she lost again by our
+taking post on plowed hill. During the same time 60,000 children
+had been born in America.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Also this letter, which James Dunlop received in New York shortly before
+coming to Georgetown, gives, I think, a very vivid picture of both
+political and economic thinking of the time:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">Glasgow<br />
+January 31, 1783</p>
+<p >Mr. James Dunlop, Merchant, New York, c/o the Pacquet.</p>
+<p>Dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p>This comes by the pacquet which will bring you the Preliminary
+Articles of Peace which were signed at Paris on 20th and we had the
+account here on the 27th at 8 in the morning which was very quick.
+We have not yet seen the Articles, but we have reason to believe
+upon the whole it is as reasonable as could well be expected unless
+we had made another campaign in the West Indies with the Troops
+from America and our present great superiority at sea. We had
+reason to expect everything would have gone to our liking, and
+considering the great quantity of West Indies and American produce
+now on hand perhaps you will think we, as well as our neighbours,
+would had no objections to another Campaign.</p>
+
+<p>I have seen all your late letters, am sensible the news of Peace
+after the purchase you have lately made, will give you much
+uneasiness but the company are sensible you did it with a good
+intention and except the idea of peace, your reasons for the
+purchase were very good, however we thought that General Carletons
+declaration to you that Negotiations for Peace were open and that
+in the first place Britain declared the Independence of America,
+would have alarmed you or at least prevented you from exceeding the
+Company's limits so very much especially for so large a quantity. I
+suppose what made you so very sanguine that we should have another
+Campaign was the Rockingham party going out and Lord Shelbourne
+coming and on his first appearance declaring against American
+indenpendence, which speech deceived many here as well as with you.
+I am happy to inform you the Ruby arrived four days ago which
+brought us the 100 Hhds Tobacco without<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> a farthing of Insurance
+which is very luckie and will help to make the loss on the tobacco
+fall season. We have not yet heard any account of the Favorite. We
+have done 16 on the Tobacco on her and don't intend to do any more.</p>
+
+<p>If this Tobacco turned out good in quality and no great quantity
+comes home for six months I still flatter myself there will be no
+great loss upon the Sales. There has been no sale of any kind these
+five weeks past nor will not be till some time after we see the
+Articles of Peace which we now expect in three or four days, as
+they were to be laid before Parliment two days ago. I suppose in a
+short time after the receipt of this you will be going to visit our
+old friends in Virginia. It is very probable I may have the
+pleasure of seeing you there in a few months and as America has
+gotten her wishes I hope she will once more be a happy Country and
+we shall enjoy the blessings of Peace with our old Acquaintance and
+Brethern and I hope it will cement the friendship between the
+Mother and the Daughter to the mutual advantage of both Countrys.</p>
+
+<p>I had the pleasure of seeing your Sisters all week&mdash;several nights
+at Mr. William Dunlop's.</p>
+
+<p>Wishing you all the happiness and with compliments to all
+acquaintance I am, Dear Sir,</p>
+<p>Your most humble servant</p>
+<p class="sigc">James Anderson</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Also in a letter from a young British Officer (also a Scotsman) who was
+a military prisoner in a camp at Lancaster, Pennsylvania who was trying
+to get to Petersburg, Virginia to see his father who was there on
+business from Glasgow, there is this addition.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >P.S. I have this moment received a letter from Phila. informing me
+of a passport being procured for my going to Virginia. I shall set
+off immediately. Adieu.</p></div>
+
+<p>Can't you picture his excitement after many trials to at last get in
+touch with his father!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On March 18, 1783 Archibald Govan sends two letters enclosed to a friend
+in New York to forward to Virginia "by the safest, spediest conveyance.
+There is probally now a post direct from New York through the
+Continent."</p>
+
+<p>In these days ships approached George Town by way of the Western
+Channel, as it was called, on the far side of Analostan Island, where
+the depth of the water was from twenty-seven to thirty-three feet&mdash;deep
+enough to admit the passage of an "Indiaman."</p>
+
+<p>George Washington Parke Custis, the owner of Arlington, was much
+disturbed when a causeway was built across from the island to the
+Virginia shore, and prophesied the filling of the channel and the end of
+George Town as a port.</p>
+
+<p>So up the creek to these mills for their produce, and up the great river
+to its wharves, piled high with hogsheads of tobacco came these ships
+and many more of which we have not the names:</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Potomack Planter</i>, Captain James Buchanan, for London.</p>
+
+<p>The brig <i>Brothers</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The schooner <i>Betsey</i>, bringing rum, coffee, and chocolate.</p>
+
+<p>The ships <i>Ritson</i> and <i>Felicity</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The sloops, <i>Lydia</i> and <i>Betsey</i>, plying between George Town and New
+York. These ships from the North were laden with whale oil to be used
+for the lamps which, in 1810, were placed on the streets to "enable the
+citizens to go safely to and from evening service."</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Columbia</i> from Martinique, and the ship <i>Lydia</i>, Lemuel Toby,
+master, for London, which on September 6,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> 1792 had this advertisement
+in <i>The George Town Weekly Ledger</i> :</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Will sail in twelve or fifteen days: such as may be desirous of
+taking passage in said ship may depend on being genteelly
+accommodated. For further particulars apply to Col. Wm. Deakins, or
+the Captain on Board.</p></div>
+
+<p>Out beyond the northern limits of the Town, just opposite where Mount
+Alto Hospital now stands, high on a hill which has been dug away, stood
+in those days a tremendous oak tree which was used by the pilots coming
+up the river to guide them on their way. For a hundred years it stood,
+known as Sailors' Oak, but like so many other things, has had to go in
+the interest of Progress.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_III" id="Chapter_III"></a>Chapter III</h2>
+
+<h3><i>The Taverns, Shops, and Schools</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-041-sm.jpg" alt="W"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">WITH ships arriving and departing and the land travel passing from North
+to South and back again, besides the country gentlemen coming to town to
+sell their crops and tend to other business, there was need for many
+taverns, and plenty of them there were in George Town.</p></div>
+
+<p>According to Mr. O. W. Holmes of the National Archives who has recently
+written a fine article on the Colonial Taverns of Georgetown for the
+Columbia Historical Society, which he read before the Society on January
+16, 1951, the earliest tavern of which there is record was kept by
+Joseph Belt who was granted a license by the newly created Frederick
+County Court in August, 1751 "to keep a Public House of Entertainment at
+the Mouth of Rock Creek."</p>
+
+<p>Previously Thomas Odell had petitioned for such a "Lyssance" in 1747 to
+Prince George's County for one year&mdash;but we hear no more of him so are
+not certain that he continued in business. But Joseph Belt did and in
+the <i>Maryland Gazette</i>  (Annapolis) for March 19, 1752, is this
+announcement:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Notice is hereby given that the Land appointed by Act of Assembly
+to be laid out into a town, by the name of Georgetown, adjacent to
+the warehouse at the Mouth of Rock Creek, in Frederick County, is
+accordingly laid out, and the lots will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> be sold the 4th Monday in
+March, being the 23 of the month at the House of Joseph Belt,
+living in the said Town in ten of the Clock before noon.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">Per order of the Commissioner<br />
+Alexander Beall, Cl.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In 1760 Mr. Belt bought two of the most desirable lots in town at the
+southeast corner of Water Street (Wisconsin Ave.) and Bridge (M) and
+apparently built on the southernmost one of them a tavern where real
+estate sales took place frequently&mdash;and again in the <i>Maryland Gazette</i>
+for September 19, 1771, is this insertion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">Frederick County, Sept. 8, 1771</p>
+
+<p>The Subscriber continues to keep a House of Entertainment in George
+Town, at the Kings Arms, and as he is provided with Good
+Entertainment, Stabling, and Provender for Horses, would be obliged
+to all Gentlemen travelling and others for their customs and they
+may depend on kind usage, by their Most Humble Servant,</p>
+
+<p class="sig">Joseph Belt</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>So it is quite possible that it was still here and that General
+Braddock's soldiers attracted by the name and sign stopped to slake
+their thirst before continuing their long march to the West.</p>
+
+<p>This Joseph Belt appears to have been the nephew of Col. Joseph Belt,
+the original patentee of Chevy Chase. He was a highly respectable man
+and well thought of.</p>
+
+<p>Another tavern of that period was kept by John Orme who in his petition
+for a license promised as did others of that period "to keep Tavern in
+George Town, to keep good Rules and Orders and not suffer the loose and
+disorderly persons to Tipple, Game, or Commit other disorders or
+irregularities within his aforesaid House."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In the <i>Maryland Gazette</i> in September in 1760 is a notice of horse
+races to be held at George Town, the horses "to be Entered the Day
+before Running, with Messrs. Joseph Belt and John Orme in George Town."</p>
+
+<p>The same notice again in 1761. I wonder where the races took place. John
+Orme was the son of the Rev. John Orme, a Presbyterian minister who
+served as pastor at Upper Marlboro from 1720 until he died in 1758.</p>
+
+<p>His tavern was apparently on the northeast corner of the present M
+Street and Wisconsin Avenue, where the Farmers and Mechanics Branch of
+Riggs Bank now stands.</p>
+
+<p>In the <i>Maryland Gazette</i> of September 29, 1768, Thomas Belt offers for
+sale "At the house of Mr. John Orme, in George Town ... part of a Tract
+of Land, called Chevy Chace, containing 200 and 300 acres about 5 miles
+from said Town."</p>
+
+<p>After the death of John Orme in 1772 his widow inserted a notice in the
+paper&mdash;and added, "N. B. The Executrix will continue to keep Tavern for
+ready money only. Lucy Orme."</p>
+
+<p>But they were not left in straightened circumstances, and the three Orme
+daughters married very well.</p>
+
+<p>There is mention of a Cornelius Davies and also of John Wise keeping
+tavern for short periods. This may have been the same John Wise who
+later opened a tavern in Alexandria which became the well-known Gadsby's
+Tavern.</p>
+
+<p>Also there was Christian Boncer, during the Revolution who like John
+Orme, before him, was likewise running a ferry over the Potomac.</p>
+
+<p>And then in October, 1779, John Beall is referred to as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> occupying the
+home where Joseph Belt formerly kept tavern.</p>
+
+<p>In November 1782, Mr. Beall announced that he was moving "into the large
+Stone House near the Square, the best calculated house in town for
+entertaining Gentlemen, Travellers, and Others."</p>
+
+<p>And then Mr. Ignatius Simpson moved into the "House formerly occupied by
+Mr. John Beall," and the next year, 1783, the Commissioners record
+meeting at the "House of Mr. Ignatius Simpson." And in 1784 Mr. Simpson
+had no license issued and the Commissioners met "at the House of Mr.
+John Suter." It would seem that this same house had been a tavern ever
+since Joseph Belt built a house there.</p>
+
+<p>From then on Suter's Tavern became the best-known meeting place in town
+and even the birthplace of the District of Columbia for there was signed
+the agreement with the proprietors of the land for the Federal City.</p>
+
+<p>Christian Hines says in his little book <i>Early Recollections of
+Washington</i> that Suter's Tavern was a one-story frame and stood on High
+Street, between Bridge and Water Streets, a little east of the canal
+bridge. Christian Hines as a youth of fifteen was an apprentice living
+with the Green family just across the street from this building, and
+although he wrote his Recollections when he was an old man, it is a
+well-known fact that old people remember happenings of their youth
+better than those of last month or last week.</p>
+
+<p>It was a rather small building, a story and a half high, according to an
+old print, and had a large Inn Yard at the side and back for the
+accommodation of the coaches, wagons and steeds of its patrons.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>John Suter was a Scotsman who had been living out in Montgomery County
+but apparently from 1784 until his death in 1794 his tavern was a very
+busy place. Here it was that General Washington stayed when he was
+passing through.</p>
+
+<p>This notice shows John Suter's standing in the community:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">Georgetown, August 21, 1790</p>
+
+<p>All persons having claims against the Estate of John Cornne,
+deceased, are desired to bring them in legally attested. Those
+indebted to make speedy payment to</p>
+
+<p class="sign">John Suter, Administrator</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>From the <i>Times and Potowmack Packet</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p >Meeting at Mr. Suter's Tavern in George Town, 14 December, 1790,
+for erecting a New Warehouse contiguous to the Old Inspection on
+Col. Normand Bruce's property in George Town.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">Edward Burgess<br />Bernard O'Neill</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p  >For Sale. On Monday the 3d of January next will be offered for sale
+at the House of Mr. John Suter in George Town that Lot or <i>Acre of
+Ground</i> whereon the <i>Old</i> Warehouse formerly stood.... A good title
+will be given agreeably to the last Will and Testament of Thomas
+Hamilton deceased of Prince Georges County.</p>
+
+<p class="date">December 11, 1790<span class="rfloat">Andrew Hamilton</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then there is this little item from the same paper:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p  >The subscriber has for sale, by the Box, a small supply of fresh
+Lisbon LEMONS, imported in the Potomack Planter.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">Capt. James Buchanan</p>
+<p class="date">George Town Sept. 7, 1790<span class="rfloat">John Suter</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Fresh fruit was evidently an event.</p>
+
+<p>After Mr. John Suter's death, his son John Suter, Jr.,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> took over the
+tavern and ran it until he moved to the Union Tavern.</p>
+
+<p>It had been built in 1796 at a cost of $16,000, according to a newspaper
+of the day advertising it for sale: "It is a handsome substantial brick
+building of three stories, fronting 60 ft. on the most public street in
+town (Bridge Street), and running back 63 ft. on a wide and commodious
+street (Washington). The house is admirably calculated for a tavern."
+The advertisement tells the number and size of the rooms, cellars,
+passages and cross passages, and ends thus: "There are stables
+sufficient for the accommodation of 50 horses with commodious sheds for
+carriages ... and not twenty yards from the kitchen is a copious and
+never failing spring of most excellent running water." The main building
+differed but little from others, but north of this and running north
+upon Washington Street to the next street, was a wing, one or two
+stories high, and one room deep, the doors opening into a covered
+corridor supported by brick arches, beyond which was a large courtyard
+paved with stone. The rooms along this corridor were occupied entirely
+by gentlemen, many being planters from the lower river counties of
+Virginia and Maryland. They came up on the old <i>Salem</i>, which made
+weekly trips and stopped at all the river landings. On the opposite side
+of the courtyard was a large building in which was a fine ballroom known
+as Pompean Hall. This room must have been used for the following event:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Birthnight Ball. The Ladies and Gentlemen of George Town and its
+vicinity are informed that there will be a Ball at the Union Tavern
+on Friday the 22nd instant (Feb. 22, 1799), in honor of
+Lieutenant-General George Washington. At request of the Managers.
+John Suter, Jr.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In addition to this very historic ball, the George Town Assemblies used
+to be held here. Mrs. William Thornton has recorded in her diary that on
+Monday, January 1st, 1810:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >A very crowded assembly at the presidents. We staid about two
+hours. President and Lady went to Georgetown Assembly. Chariot
+broke at night.</p></div>
+
+<p>These august guests at the assembly were, of course, James Madison and
+the charming Dolly.</p>
+
+<p>When Mr. Suter opened the Union Tavern in March, 1799, Francis Kearns
+put this notice in the paper:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Sign of the Ship. The subscriber begs leave to inform his friends
+and the public that he has rented the tavern formerly occupied by
+Mr. Suter, called The Fountain Inn, where he has all kinds of
+liquors accounted necessary for travellers. Add to this a well of
+water not to be surpassed in Town. I am determined to spare no
+pains to render this situation agreeable and flatter myself from a
+desire to please that I shall meet with encouragement. I also will
+accomodate 6 or 8 gentlemen boarders on reasonable terms. A livery
+stable will be kept for a few horses.</p>
+
+<p class="date">June 31, 1800<span class="rfloat">Francis Kearns</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Francis Kearns having taken over the Union Tavern from John Suter, Jr.</p>
+
+<p>Again, in 1802 this building changed hands, for in <i>The Washington
+Federalist</i> is the announcement of reopening, and assurance of best
+liquors, and begins: "Anchor Tavern and Oyster House (late the Fountain
+Inn), George Pitt, Proprietor of former Eagle Tavern."</p>
+
+<p>Then there was the City Tavern, kept by Charles McLaughlin. Benjamin
+Lacy rented two brick houses from Charles Beatty on Water Street and
+called his The Sailors'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> Tavern. John Tennally had a tavern (from him
+came the name of Tennally Town). Joseph Semmes's Tavern at the Sign of
+the Indian King, was very well known. It seems to have moved several
+times. In advertisements for houses for rent or for sale, they seemed
+always to be next door to or across the street from Semmes's Tavern or
+Dr. Magruder's.</p>
+
+<p>From <i>The Museum</i>, January 1, 1802:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >The Subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the public that
+he has removed from his late dwelling in the main street to that
+large and commodious three story new BRICK BUILDING, Sign of the
+Indian King, adjoining the Bank of Columbia, which he has fitted up
+at considerable expense for the accomodation of travellers. He
+embraces this opportunity of returning his grateful thanks to those
+gentlemen who have heretofore favored him with their custom and
+hopes by a faithful discharge of his duty to merit the countenance
+and support of the public.</p>
+
+<p class="date">George Town,<span class="rfloat">Joseph Semmes</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p><i>The Museum</i>, 28th of January, 1802:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p >To be sold at Union Tavern, The BRICK HOUSE formerly occupied as a
+Tavern by Mr. Semmes.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">Philip Barton Key<br />William Thornton</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Do you suppose that Mr. Semmes had his tavern in this place for only one
+month?</p>
+
+<p>Jane White advertises that she intends to continue her "house of
+entertainment" (Mrs. White's Tavern) on a more enlarged plan, asks for
+settlement of debts. Nov. 27, 1790.</p>
+
+<p>George Stevens announces he has removed to the place lately occupied by
+Mr. William King, Merchant, of this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> place (the house where Col. William
+Deakins has lived for many years past).</p>
+
+<p>There are still, to this day, William Kings in business in Georgetown.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. George Stevens also advertises:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Any gentleman wanting to buy Ginseng may by giving a few days
+notice find a supply from said Stevens from One to Five Thousand
+weight.</p></div>
+
+<p>And this from the <i>Times and Potowmack Packet</i>, April 21, 1790:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p >Charles Fierer &amp; Co.</p>
+
+<p>Gentlemen may have their Coats of Arms or other devices cut on
+Glass and fancy pieces executed by sending their orders.</p></div>
+
+<p>Also these items:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Doctors Beatty and Martin have just received from Philadelphia and
+Baltimore: Opium, Mercury, Jolap, Ipecacoanha, Nitre, Glanker
+Salts, Gum Kino, Columbo root, assorted vials, carts, etc. Red and
+other Bark.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Magruder has lately received an elegant supply of most
+fashionable paper hangings&mdash;and his usual Assortment of Drugs and
+Medicines.</p></div>
+
+<p>He catered to various tastes of his patrons:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Dr. Cozens has just opened a general assortment of Drugs and
+Medicines in the house formerly occupied by Mr. Andrew McDonald in
+Water Street, opposite to Mr. James King's Wharf, which he means to
+sell at a moderate price. He likewise offers his services to the
+public as a practitioner of physic, surgery and midwifery. Mrs.
+Cozens also informs the ladies that she practices Midwifery and
+from her experience and universal success she flatters herself she
+shall give satisfaction to all those who favor her with their
+commands.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gardette, Dentist, respectfully informs the public that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> he is
+arrived in George Town, where he proposes staying two weeks or
+thereabouts. He has taken lodgings at Mr. Semmes' Tavern.</p></div>
+
+<p>Another poor soul who was in trouble inserted this advertisement:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >It is terrible to my feelings, but I am compelled to give notice
+that I intend petitioning the next General Assembly for an act of
+Insolvency in my favor.</p></div>
+
+<p>A few months later he advertised thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Having taken the house in this place lately occupied by Mr. James
+Clagett, between the College and the River, a pleasant and healthy
+situation, I will take four or five boys as boarders at the usual
+rates, paid quarterly.</p></div>
+
+<p>So let us hope he got "on his feet" again.</p>
+
+<p>John Stevens, merchant, advertised himself thusly:</p>
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p >My weights are good, my measures just,<br />
+My friends I am too poor to trust.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; July 15, 1780.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Apparently they had plenty of newspapers. In 1789 <i>The Times and
+Potowmack Packet</i>; in 1790 <i>The Weekly Ledger</i> (an appropriate name for
+this town of counting houses); in 1796 <i>The Sentinel of Liberty</i>, a more
+high-flown name; in 1801, <i>The Museum</i>, and a great many more as time
+went on.</p>
+
+<p>The first bank was the old Bank of Columbia, organized in 1793. Then,
+there was the Union Bank. I have seen a great many of its checks,
+smaller than the ones of today and very simply printed.</p>
+
+<p>Business notes in those days were written on any scrap of paper,
+apparently. Many that I have seen had torn edges, but always the writing
+was regular and even, if sometimes hard to read. Very often it looked
+like copper<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>plate engraving. The English pound was used as late as 1796.</p>
+
+<p>Plenty of schools there seem to have been. One famous man (he was
+William Wirt, the author of <i>The British Spy</i> and Attorney-General of
+the United States for twelve years under James Monroe and John Quincy
+Adams) was sent to George Town for his early training, and has written
+thus: "In 1779 I was sent to George Town, eight miles from Bladensburg
+to school, a classical academy kept by Mr. Rogers. I was placed at
+boarding with the family of Mr. Schoofield, a member of the Society of
+Friends.... I passed one winter in George Town and remember seeing a
+long line of wagons cross the river on the ice, attached to troops going
+South."</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Kirk, an Irish gentleman, kept a school first on Washington
+(30th) Street, later at High (Wisconsin Avenue) and Cherry Streets.
+Reverend Addison Belt, of Princeton, had a school on Gay (N) Street,
+between Congress (31st) and Washington (30th) Streets. Christian Hines
+says: "In 1798 I went to school to a man named Richmond who kept school
+in a small brick house attached to the house of Reverend David Wiley,
+graduate of Nassau Hall, who had come in 1802 from Northumberland on the
+Susquehanna. He was a better mathematical than classical teacher. He was
+mayor, librarian, merchant, teacher, preacher and keeper of the post
+office at the same time."</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Wiley advertised their "Boarding School for Young
+Ladies at George Town in the Vicinity of Washington." In the same year
+E. Phillips had "A School for Young Ladies on the north side of Bridge
+Street, nearly opposite the Printing Office." There were several
+teachers of French who advertised in the paper; Monsieur<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> A. L.
+Jancerez, Monsieur Caille, "a French gentleman wishes to teach drawing,
+etc." To supply all these schools was "John March, Stationer and
+Bookseller, next door to Mr. Semmes's Tavern."</p>
+
+<p>And you see they could buy pretty baubles and delectable foods, for
+Dinsmore and Francis advertise their "New Grocery, Wine and Liquor
+Store, nearly opposite Burnet and Rigden's, Watchmakers and Jewelers."
+Another well-known merchant said his new line of spring clothing had
+just arrived. And John Dabney "had received and had for sale at his
+cabinet and chair factory a large quantity of Windsor chairs." West
+along Bridge Street, before 1790, William Eaton had "mahogany ware,
+chairs and tables, beds, etc., finished and unfinished." Another
+cabinet-maker was Mr. Schultz. James Welsh, cabinet-maker from London,
+opened a shop in 1790 and advertised for an apprentice. And there was a
+well-known silversmith, for S. Kirk and Sons, of Baltimore, have
+identified a tea service as having been made by Charles C. Burnett, who
+worked as early as 1793. Another silversmith who had a shop on Bridge
+(M) Street in 1833 was R. H. L. Villard.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Glass Store. The subscribers have opened and have for sale at their
+house next door to Captain Richard Johns a complete assortment of
+Window and Hollow Glass Ware, manufactured in this State and equal
+in quality and cheaper than that imported from Europe.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">Charles Frierer and Co., 1790</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Thomas Beatty and Company called their store "The Sign of the Golden
+Fan."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Manufactory of Tobacco. Henry Brand &amp; Co. Respectfully inform the
+Public that they have removed from New York to this Town.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >George Town Academy. Madame de la Marche has for sale waters for
+sore eyes and various salves.</p></div>
+
+<p>There were public pumps here and there for common use, but many
+householders had springs or cisterns.</p>
+
+<p>In 1803 the first fire engine was purchased. Every house owner was
+obliged to have as many leather fire buckets kept in the house as there
+were stories to his home, to contain not less than two and a half
+gallons of water each. The little oval metal placques one sees now and
+then affixed to houses in Georgetown were, in those days, put only on
+the houses of the members of the volunteer companies to denote that
+"here lives a fireman." Later, in 1817, <i>The Vigilant</i>, a new fire
+engine, was bought. Its house is still on High Street, just below
+Bridge. Set in the wall down near the pavement is a stone with this
+inscription:</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+BUSH<br />
+THE OLD FIRE DOG<br />
+DIED OF POISON<br />
+JULY 5<span class="smcap">th</span>, 1869<br />
+R. I. P.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Someone who remembers him tells me that he was a collie, and that he
+went to every fire along with the engine. I think the men whose
+companion he was, and who evidently loved him when they inscribed the
+"R. I. P.," must have believed, as I do, that like the Jim in the poem
+of that name by Nancy Byrd Turner, he would meet them joyously "on the
+other side."</p>
+
+<p>Of course, the fire engines in those days&mdash;1817, I mean&mdash;were drawn by
+hand, and the old bucket-passing system was in vogue.</p>
+
+<p>Farther uptown, on the corner of Gay and Market<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> Streets, was the home
+of The Potomac Fire Engine Company. There was great jealousy between the
+two. While the fire was raging, both worked together beautifully, but as
+soon as it was over, there was usually a fight.</p>
+
+<p>South of the canal on High Street stood the Debtors' Prison. This was
+the only prison in the lower part of Montgomery County, although the
+county court was held at Rockville, and there the cases were tried. At
+one time the town clerk of George Town got tangled up in his money
+matters and was placed in this prison where he languished until his
+friends made good his debts. A report was made to the Town Council that
+he could not perform his duties because he was in jail! Nothing now
+remains but a part of the old stone wall.</p>
+
+<p>Here is a description of some of the houses offered for sale:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Together or separate, 2 handsome dwelling houses, situated in
+George Town on Potomack, they contain 5 rooms with fire place, four
+bed chambers, two closets, and have two handsome piazzas. A kitchen
+near the house, a bake house, two rooms for domestics, a stable,
+coach house, a beautiful (falling) garden, ornamented with
+terraces, well grassed, a large fish pond, a well and a spring of
+water, 150 young fruit trees, the whole finished and done in the
+neatest manner under a handsome and excellent enclosure containing
+three lots and a half, extending 170 ft. on Fayette Street and 192
+on Third Street. Apply to John Threlkeld.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here is one of the business places advertised:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >The warehouse and wharf on Water Street, lately occupied by the
+Naval Agent (this was in 1802). There are four floors in this
+house, with a room on the second and third with a fire place in
+each, one intended for a compting room and the other for a lodging
+room.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">W. S. Chandler.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Evidently a clerk had to sleep on the premises as guard.</p>
+
+<p>There were architects and builders to put up these fine and commodious
+houses, for these advertisements appear:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >William Lovering, Architect and General Builder&mdash;Begs leave to
+inform his friends and the public, that he has removed from the
+City of Washington to Gay Street, the next street above the Union
+Tavern in George Town, where he palns to estimate all manner of
+buildings, either with materials and labor, or labor only.
+Specimens of buildings suitable for the obtuse or acute angles of
+the streets in the City of Washington may be seen at his home. May
+1, 1800.</p></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Henry Carlile, Architect, Carpenter and Joiner. Respectfully
+informs his friends and the Public in general, that he proposes to
+undertake all kinds of buildings, as formerly he hath done in
+Europe and this country; on the lowest terms, with or without
+material, as he has learned the theory under the first architects
+in Europe, also practice in first buildings there, and hath
+finished elegant buildings in Europe, with and without materials,
+and in this country hath always had the good fortune of having the
+patronage and friendship of his employees, and hopes by attention
+to please and to execute, that he will meet with the encouragement
+of a generous public. He also begs leave to return his sincere
+thanks to his worthy employers in this Town and Country, for the
+encouragement he hath met with since coming to this Town, and
+assures them nothing shall be wanting on his part to merit a
+continuance of their favors.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">George Town, September 8, 1790.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p >Wm. Pancost&mdash;Architect and Carpenter, can by the asistance of
+David Willers, pump maker, late from Philadelphia, serve the public
+by supplying them with pumps, cove logs or girders, for any purpose
+on the shortest notice.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">George Town, near the Lower Ware Houses, Jan. 29, 1799.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then in 1800, James Hoban, who was the architect and builder of the
+President's House, put this in a paper:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >$2.00 per day will be given for good carpenters and joiners, at the
+President's House and in proportion for those less skilful, to be
+paid daily or weekly, as may be required.</p></div>
+
+<p>Imagine! Now when the White House is being rebuilt hiring "good
+carpenters and joiners for $2.00 per day!"</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_IV" id="Chapter_IV"></a>Chapter IV</h2>
+
+<h3><i>The Streets of George Town and Some of the Happenings</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-057-sm.jpg" alt="T"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">THE houses had no numbers, but the streets had descriptive names. Along
+the river, Wapping, changing to The Keys and East to West Landing where
+all the busy loading and unloading of vessels took place. Just above
+there running west off Water Street for a short distance was Cherry Lane
+(now Grace Street). What a pretty name! Once a fashionable neighborhood,
+later on a slum.</p></div>
+
+<p>Running north and south there was first Fishing Lane which became East
+Lane and finally settled down to Congress Street and is now
+Twenty-first.</p>
+
+<p>Then the Main Street up from the ferry, called Water Street until it got
+to Bridge running east and west where was the Square, also called the
+Center of the Town. Then Water Street became High and Bridge continued
+on its way as the Falls Street&mdash;both names typical, as one was climbing
+a hill and the other was the road to The Little Falls. Duck Lane became
+Market (33rd) Street; Bridge (M) Street; Frederick (34th) Street, for it
+was the road out to Frederick Town, forty miles away; Potomac Street,
+for the river; Fayette Street, certainly named in honor of the Marquis,
+but in that age of young democracy, de la was dropped from de la
+Fayette. Then there was Montgomery (28th) Street, Greene (29th) Street,
+and Washington (30th) Street, all named for Generals of the Revo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span>lution.
+Running the other way were Gay, Dunbarton, Beall, West, Stoddert, this,
+for a long time was known as Back Street. West of High Street (Wisconsin
+Avenue) the streets became First, Second, Third, etc. Twenty-seventh
+Street, after being New Street for one block and Mill Street for
+another, finally was named for President Monroe. Madison had a street
+named for him too, but it was so far out, about 9th, in the far western
+corner, that it never amounted to much.</p>
+
+<p>But the street that intrigues me most is Gay. There were two of them for
+a while, the one that is now N, and another, way up near the college,
+which was renamed in honor of General Lingan, after his tragic death.
+Who was Gay Street named for? It wasn't a local celebrity, for Baltimore
+also had a Gay Street, still has, way down in its old section. There was
+somebody the people of that generation admired and wished to
+commemorate.</p>
+
+<p>Could it possibly have been the English poet, John Gay, (1685-1732)
+whose best known piece "The Beggar's Opera" was said to have made "The
+Rich gay and Gay rich"? He was buried in Westminster Abbey. His epitaph
+was by Alexander Pope, followed by Gay's own mocking couplet, "Life is a
+jest, and all things show it. I thought so once and now I know it."</p>
+
+<p>The Beggar's Opera for a time drove Italian Opera off the English stage
+(1728) by its caricature of Sir Robert Walpole, Prime Minister of George
+II. These people were British subjects, you know, when these streets
+were named.</p>
+
+<p>Somewhere in these quaint little streets in the early days before 1800,
+in one of these little brick houses, two stories with dormer windows,
+which the architects now<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>adays call the George Town Type, lived a couple
+named McDonald who had marital difficulties, for in an old newspaper is
+this advertisement:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Whereas my wife, Mary McDonald, has left me without any just cause
+or impediment. She is about fifty years of age, lame in her right
+leg and snivels a little. It is supposed she went off with one
+Robert Joiner, an ill-looking fellow. If she returns to the arms of
+her disconsolate husband, she shall be received and no questions
+asked.</p></div>
+
+<p>There was another advertisement:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Alexander McDonald, taylor, removed from Bridge Street to High
+Street, two or three gentlemen can be accomodated with board and
+lodging.</p></div>
+
+<p>I wonder if Robert Joiner, with whom Mary eloped, was one of those two
+or three gentlemen, and what fascination she had that was strong enough
+to overcome all those physical disabilities her "disconsolate husband"
+enumerated!</p>
+
+<p>A man in Boston wanted a wife, and had his advertisement copied from
+<i>The Boston Sentinel</i> into a George Town newspaper:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Wanted&mdash;A wife: Enquire of the Printer. April 23, 1801. Be pleased
+to inform applicants, that the advertiser wishes the lady to be
+neither too old nor too young. Taking 25 for a central point, she
+must not be more than 7 years distant either way. If of a sulky or
+fretful disposition; if sluttish, lazy, proud, ostentatious or
+deceitful, or of an ill state of health, she must have a pretty
+large share of property to recommend her. If on the contrary, she
+be of a cheerful, contented temper; of affable manners and
+benevolent to the poor; if in the habit of being attentive to her
+household when business commands attention, and gay and careless
+when pleasure is the pursuit; and of sound health and good
+constitution (for such only can<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> produce strong and vigorous
+children), she need not possess a cent. If well-read, so much the
+better, provided she is not too fond of her book to neglect
+overseeing her affairs and suffering the hole in her stocking to go
+unmended. She must not be a pedant or a scold but must know enough
+of books to distinguish between a volume of history and a novel;
+and have sufficient spirit to prevent being imposed upon.
+Communication addressed to A. B. and left at the composing room, if
+originating in honorable intentions will be attended to with
+secrecy, honor and punctuality, and should the interview succeed,
+the advertiser will faithfully describe his situation and
+prospects.</p></div>
+
+<p>Was this paragon discovered in old George Town and taken to Boston for
+keeps? No one knows.</p>
+
+<p>But this might easily have been so, as witness these advertisements of
+the plays being shown in George Town in 1790, for on July 21 this
+appears: "The Theatre of this Town was opened by Mr. McGrath's Company
+of Comedians, with the celebrated comedy The Miser. This Company is by
+far the best that ever visited this town." Then on August 12 there was
+"The Beggars Opera and A Comedy of two acts, Barnaby Brittle or a Wife
+at her Wits End. Also in August Mr. McGrath's Company of Comedians gave
+The Tragedy of Douglas and Garrick's Comedy of Two Acts called The Lying
+Valet."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >The curtain will rise at 7 o'clock Tickets at three quarters of a
+dollar each to be had at Mr. Suter's and Mrs. White's Taverns and
+at this Printing Office.</p></div>
+
+<p>Another evening will be presented the "Tragedy of Jane Shore. Between
+the play and the farce a humorous dissertation of Jealousy to be
+delivered by Mr. McGrath to which will be added a farce called Cross
+Purposes, or Which is the Man. The doors to be opened at half past five
+and the curtain to rise at half past six."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>For attendance at these performances and other social events, the ladies
+and gentlemen of George Town were naturally interested in this
+advertisement in the paper:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="center">BY FASHIONS WE LIVE<br /><br />JOHN JONES</p>
+
+<p>Hair dresser for Ladies and Gentlemen. Begs leave to inform Ladies
+and Gentlemen of George Town and its vicinage that he intends
+carrying on his profession in all its different branches and
+fashions; he also carries on the Cushion, Perriwig, Curls, Braids,
+false curls and Gentlemen's Bandoe making. The highest price given
+for human hair.</p></div>
+
+<p>George Town, at this time, was even favored by the presence of one of
+the greatest portrait painters of his time, Gilbert Stuart. About 1803
+he spent two years here. He painted Jefferson and the men who followed
+him in the Presidency up through John Quincy Adams. He had, of course,
+previously been much at Mount Vernon while doing his famous portraits of
+General Washington. It is said that Washington was the only person in
+whose presence Stuart was ever embarrassed.</p>
+
+<p>There were drawing teachers and dancing masters. "Mr. Carle, dancing
+master, may be spoke with on school days at Mrs. White's Tavern."
+"Dancing School of J. B. Duclaviacq at his dancing room back of Mr.
+Turner's Counting House."</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps it was one of these two which advertised, "A night
+Dancing-School for the Reception of Gentlemen who are not at leisure to
+attend in the Day-time; will be kept the evenings of the School days;
+The Price to each Scholar will be Four dollars. A subscription is lodged
+with Mr. Peter Casanave."</p>
+
+<p>Gaming at cards at private balls and parties and toddy<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> at dinner date
+back to the earliest knowledge of society in this vicinity. Card
+playing, horse-racing and other sports were fashionable and popular and
+had not abated in 1800 when the Government came.</p>
+
+<p>In chronicles of Sir Augustus Foster, the British Minister in 1805 he
+notes the balls in Georgetown "Cards for everybody, loo for the
+girls&mdash;brag for the men."</p>
+
+<p>But all was not play, for in the <i>Times and Potowmack Packet</i> is this
+newsnote:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p  >On the 13th inst. a daughter of Mr. Aaron Haynes of this town, a
+young miss in the tenth year of her age, spun 50 knots of good
+linen yarn, from sun-rise to sunset. An example of industry, highly
+honorable to herself and well worthy of imitation.</p></div>
+
+<p>And speaking of youth here is an interesting item:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p  >This day were baptized three male children (the uncommon gift of
+Providence at one birth) by the names of George Washington, John
+Adams, Benjamin Franklin.</p></div>
+
+<p>Then this sad and interesting advertisement:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >With regret and shame the subscriber finds himself under the
+necessity of advertising his wife. Although it is practised by some
+white people, yet he, though black, blushes at the thought of
+declaring to the world that his wife has run away. But disagreeable
+as it is, he does by these presents make known that Lucy, his wife,
+has eloped from his bed and board and forbids all persons
+harbouring or trusting her, as he will pay no debts of her
+contracting after this date.</p>
+
+<p class="sign">Prince Hull.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>On June 30, 1790 there was this announcement in the newspaper:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >The gentlemen who have subscribed to celebrate the Anniversary of
+American Independency will be pleased to attend at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> Mrs. White's
+Tavern at Four O' clock tomorrow afternoon to choose Managers to
+regulate the proceedings of that day.</p></div>
+
+<p>Scheme of a Lottery:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >To raise the sum of One Thousand Five Hundred and Nine Dollars for
+the purpose of finishing the Church between George Town and
+Bladensburgh, called Rock Creek Church.</p>
+
+<p>All prizes not demanded in six months after the drawing, will be
+deemed generous contributions.</p>
+
+<p>3000 Tickets at Two dollars each.</p>
+
+<p>As the above is laudable it is expected that it will meet with
+approbation and support of the public. As soon as the tickets are
+sold the drawing will commence at Mr. John Suter's at George Town
+and the Prizes paid immediately thereafter on application to Thomas
+Beall Treasurer, in specie.</p>
+
+<p class="center smcap" style="margin-bottom:0.75em;">Managers</p>
+<p style="margin-left: 15%;">
+Col. Wm. Deakins     <span class="rfloat2">Robert Peter</span><br />
+Benj. Stoddert       <span class="rfloat2">John Peter</span><br />
+Brooke Beall         <span class="rfloat2">Bernard O'Neil</span><br />
+John Threlkeld       <span class="rfloat2">Anthony Hollmead</span><br />
+Thomas Cramphin      <span class="rfloat2">Col. George Beall</span></p>
+<p class="center" style="margin-bottom:0">Thomas Beall of George</p>
+<p class="rfloat2" style="margin-top:0;">Treasurer</p>
+<p class="date"><i>The Times and Potowmack Packet.</i> November 25, 1789.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Five years before in September 1784 in the <i>Maryland Gazette</i> there was
+an advertisement for the George Town Academy lottery:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Scheme of a lottery for raising $1,400 to be applied to the
+purchasing a house for the use of the George Town Academy.</p>
+
+<p>The right education of youth is an object of such vast importance
+of freedom and happiness that there needs no strength of reasoning
+to recommend the above scheme which is meant to promote it to the
+patronage and encouragement of a liberal public.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Tickets may be had from Messrs. Robert Peter, William Deakins, Jr.,
+Bernard O'Neill, Henry Townsend, John P. Boucher, Benj. Stoddert,
+Robt. Philips, Sam'l Davidson, Brooke Beall, and Dr. Walter Smith
+at George Town;</p>
+
+<p>Wm. D. Beall at Bladensburg, Henry Lyles, Alexandria; Thomas
+Clagett, at Piscataway, Abraham Faw and Patrick Sim Smith,
+Frederick-town, and David Stewart and Cumberland Dugan and Mr.
+Henderson at Baltimore.</p>
+
+<p>David Crawford, Upper Marlboro; Alexander Clagett, Hager's Town.</p>
+
+<p>The drawing will commence at George Town as soon as the tickets are
+all sold.</p>
+
+<p>Managers are<span class="cfloat">Robt. Peter</span><br />
+<span class="cfloat">Benj. Stoddert</span><br />
+<span class="cfloat">Wm. Deakins, Jr.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p class="date">Who will faithfully execute the trust reposed in them.</p></div>
+
+<p>Henry Stouffer advertised in 1789 his Stage to Annapolis, three times a
+week which took six or seven hours at the farthest. And in the same
+paper the Annapolis Packet run by Edward Thomas (of course by water)
+goes twice a week charging 7 shillings, 6 pence.</p>
+
+<p>In the <i>Impartial Observer and Washington Advertiser</i> of June 26, 1795:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >George Town, Washington and Alexandria Packet&mdash;James Bull Master.</p>
+
+<p>Will leave George Town every morning at seven o'clock and call at
+this place (City of Washington) on her way to Alexandria. Leave
+Alexandria every evening at 4 and call on way to George Town. 17
+cents from George Town to Greenleaf Point, 33 to Alexandria.
+Passages engaged at Mr. Suter's or Mr. Semmes' Tavern in George
+Town; at Mr. Ward's, Greenleaf Point, and Mr. Thomas Porter's
+Store, Alexandria.</p>
+
+<p>Ferry boats must not have pendent or any other colour flying or
+ring a bell on board so as to affrighten the horses and thereby
+endanger the lives of the passengers. Penalty of $20.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sentinel of Liberty</i>, June 27, 1800:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >The Stages will leave Light-Lane Number 3 adjoining the Fountain
+Inn every day (Monday excepted.)</p>
+
+<p>Returning, leave Mr. Heiskell's, Alexandria, at 3 o'clock. Mr.
+Semmes' at George Town at 5.</p></div>
+
+<p>There were also stages going out to Rockville and to Frederick.</p>
+
+<p>In later years there was a conveyance running to Rockville spoken of as
+"The Hack."</p>
+
+<p>The license tax list discriminated in license value of one-horse chaise
+and two-wheel coach.</p>
+
+<p>This thriving town had of course to be regulated and governed, and there
+are copies in existence of the ordinances and by-laws for making it safe
+and agreeable. One passed on the 20th November 1791, related to "the
+going at large of geese and swine" and makes it "lawful to kill any such
+and give notice to the Mayor or one of the Aldermen, the offender to be
+sent to the public market house where the owner may claim within four
+hours, or if no claim in four hours, the finder take and apply to proper
+use. All goats running at large shall be forfeited to who ever shall
+take them up."</p>
+
+<p>Also on August 4, 1795 an ordinance relating to garbage, glass bottles,
+or oyster shells in quantity 30 shillings fine. We are still having
+trouble keeping Georgetown neat and clean.</p>
+
+<p>And they had trouble about speeding then as now, for there was passed an
+ordinance August 4, 1795 "that any person who shall by galloping, or
+otherwise force at an improper speed any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, shall
+if a free man, forfeit and pay for every such offence the sum of 15
+shillings current money; if an apprentice, servant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> or a slave the
+master or the mistress shall forfeit and pay the sum of 7 shillings and
+sixpence."</p>
+
+<p>And in 1807 they passed an ordinance to "more effectually diminish the
+number of dogs in Gerogetown as they have become a public nuisance; on
+the first dog of the male kind owned by any one person, $1; on the
+second, $2; and on all over two, owned by the same person, $5; and on
+the first of the female kind, $2; on the second, $4; and on all dogs of
+the female kind over and above two, owned by the same person, $10."</p>
+
+<p>Then they passed an ordinance, "that after the first day of May next no
+slave shall be permitted to sell any article whatever (other than fruit)
+on the Sabboth."</p>
+
+<p>In 1811 the Mayor was ordered to appoint and hire eight men of good
+character to keep a night watch at the rate of $150 per annum, one of
+them to act as Captain at the rate of $250.</p>
+
+<p>They probably officiated at these events.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Ordinance passed 10th October 1796.</p>
+
+<p>Whereas many respectable inhabitants of Georgetown have complained
+that they suffer great inconvenience from the vast concourse of
+idle white and black persons that frequently assemble together for
+the purpose of fighting cocks, at which time they drink to access,
+become riotous, and disturb the quiet and repose of the good
+citizens, be it ordained by Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common
+Council that any white person or persons or free negro or negroes
+who shall presume to fight any game cocks or dunghill fouls within
+the jurisdiction of the corporation for any wagers or for diversion
+shall for every offense pay $5. Also if having assembled in a
+disorderly manner for the purpose of fighting cocks, if they refuse
+to disperse, constables shall take such negro or negroes (being
+slaves) and give him, her, or them, due correction upon the bare
+back in some public part of Georgetown not exceeding 39 strikes.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>An ordinance for regulating and licensing hackney carriages, billiard
+tables, theatrical and other public amusements.</p>
+
+<p>Another says,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >... any person or persons who shall keep or maintain the common
+gaming house or open or set up any public gaming table shall
+forfeit and pay $20 current money.</p>
+
+<p>Provided always, that licensed billiard tables are not intended
+hereby to be prohibited or herein included.</p></div>
+
+<p>Passed 4th October 1803.</p>
+
+<p>The fire engines and fire buckets heretofore bought by the subscription
+of sundry inhabitants of the town have been offered for the use of the
+town.</p>
+
+<p>In 1801 the corporation of Georgetown was concerning itself a good deal
+with the paving of the streets.</p>
+
+<p>John Mason, Jesse Baley and Wm. H. Dorsey were a committee to report
+permanent systems for improving the streets and alleys, whether by
+paving or otherwise.</p>
+
+<p>They determined to commence the work at the intersection of Washington
+(30th) and Bridge (M) Streets and carry the pavement up along the north
+side of Bridge Street to the intersection of High and Water Streets and
+thence, after paving with round stone the Center Square to continue it
+afterwards along the south of Fall Street ... to remove the earth and
+pave 5 ft. wide against the curb stone, where individuals would not
+pave, from Washington to High Street and to graduate and pave the Center
+Square.</p>
+
+<p>There was a good deal more work of that kind to be done at that time and
+John Peter was appointed permanent superintendent.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_V" id="Chapter_V"></a>Chapter V</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Washington and L'Enfant in George Town</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-068-sm.jpg" alt="S"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">SUCH was the town through which General George Washington passed in
+April 1789, on his way from Mount Vernon to his inauguration in New York
+as first President of the government which was trying out an experiment
+new to the world.</p></div>
+
+<p>In the <i>Times and Potowmack Packet</i>, on April 23, is this insertion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >George Town. Last Thursday passed through this town on his way to
+New York the most illustrious, the President of the United States
+of America, with Charles Thompson, Esq. Secretary, to Congress. His
+Excellency arrived at about 2 O'Clock on the bank of the Patowmack,
+escorted by a respectable corps of gentlemen from Alexandria where
+the George Town ferry boats, properly equipped, received his
+Excellency and suit, safely landed them, under the acclamation of a
+large crowd of their grateful fellow citizens&mdash;who beheld his
+Fabius, in the evening of his day, bid adieu to the peaceful
+retreat of Mount Vernon, in order to save his country once more
+from confusion and anarchy. From this place his Excellency was
+escorted by corps of gentlemen commanded by Col. Wm. Deakins,
+Junr., to Mr. Spurrier's Tavern, where the escort from Baltimore
+take charge of him.</p></div>
+
+<p>Colonel Deakins was Justice of the Peace, a very high office in those
+days, (there was no mayor) besides being a large landowner and
+shipowner.</p>
+
+<p>Among the prominent men who probably formed this escort were many of
+Washington's former officers of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> Revolutionary Army, for when he
+came to George Town he was amongst old friends: Colonel Forrest, Major
+Stoddert, General James Maccubbin Lingan, General Otho Williams, William
+Beatty (who had distinguished himself in the army and had attained the
+rank of Colonel), Thomas Richardson who, although a Quaker, was Captain
+of a company and won high repute; William Murdock, who had been a
+Colonel of militia raised for the defense of the Province of Maryland in
+1776, and Lloyd Beall, who had been adjutant of the Staff of Alexander
+Hamilton, and General John Mason.</p>
+
+<p>I quote freely from Dr. H. Paul Caemmerer's very interesting <i>Biography
+of Pierre Charles L'Enfant</i>. "Among the numerous problems of the first
+Congress in 1789, was the question of establishment of a seat of
+government or a National Capital. During the period of the Continental
+Congress and the subsequent period of the Congress of the Confederation,
+from 1774 to 1789, Congress had met in eight different town and
+cities&mdash;Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster, York, Princeton, Annapolis,
+Trenton, and New York City, part of the time pursued by the enemy and
+part of the time attacked by disgruntled soldiers. It was found
+difficult for Members of Congress to find adequate quarters, and it was
+always a problem to move records and files. Thus it developed that
+Congress wanted a home of its own. The Constitution of the United States
+provided for a Federal District ten miles square (Art. 1, Sec. 8, Par.
+17).</p>
+
+<p>"On September 11, 1789, while yet the idea of locating a Capital City
+was still unsettled, L'Enfant wrote to President Washington asking to be
+employed to design the Capital of 'this vast empire.'"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"It might be inferred from this letter that L'Enfant knew more about the
+controversy in the Halls of Congress on the subject of location of the
+Seat of Government than we know today. It was at its height, that we
+know. The question of size of the Federal District had been settled by
+the Constitution&mdash;it was to be ten miles square. Now the question of
+location predominated&mdash;the question of 'exclusive jurisdiction' to be
+exercised by Congress had been generally conceded.</p>
+
+<p>The discussion was finally limited to two sites: first, a location on
+the banks of the Potomac at least as far South as Georgetown, Maryland,
+which was favored particularly by the Southern members of Congress as
+being the geographical center of the United States; second, a site on
+the Delaware River near the falls above Trenton, which Pennsylvania,
+Delaware, and the other States nearby favored. But on the whole it was
+deemed very important during the First Congress to give the National
+Capital a central location along the Atlantic coast. Southern members
+led by Richard Bland Lee and James Madison, of Virginia, argued for
+consideration for the question by Congress before adjournment, and
+recommended the Potomac River site near Georgetown."</p>
+
+<p>"The burning question before Congress at the time was a bill for funding
+of the public debt and the assumption of debts incurred by the States
+during the Revolutionary War, amounting to about $20,000,000. Alexander
+Hamilton as the first Secretary of the Treasury had recommended the
+funding of both forms of indebtedness in obligations of the United
+States. His aim was to restore the value of the worthless continental
+dollar (a pound of tea sold for $90; a pair of shoes for $100; a barrel
+of flour<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> for $1,500 in paper money) but it was pointed out that the
+assumption of State debts by the Government would result in most
+benefits to the Northern States where there was most of the trade, while
+mostly agriculture was in the South.... Thus we come to the famous
+compromise proposed by Hamilton about the middle of June, 1790, when in
+consideration of locating the capital on the banks of the Potomac he
+hoped to secure enough votes to secure the enactment of the funding
+bill."</p>
+
+<p>"Thus by the Act of July 16, 1790, it was definitely decided that the
+seat of government should be on the banks of the Potomac."</p>
+
+<p>"Thereupon arose the question of design for the Federal City. Pursuant
+to the application received, President Washington chose Pierre Charles
+L'Enfant, 'the artist of the American Revolution,' for this work. No
+better choice could have been made. L'Enfant applied his ability to the
+task with enthusiasm; the approbation of 'his General' gave him supreme
+satisfaction.</p>
+
+<p>"In accordance with directions from President Washington, Major L'Enfant
+proceeded to Georgetown for the purpose of making a sketch of the area
+proposed for the Federal City that would enable him to fix locations on
+the spot for public buildings. He arrived on March 9, 1791. L'Enfant
+carried with him a letter of instructions from Secretary of State
+Jefferson as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>'Sir: You are desired to proceed to Georgetown where you will find
+Mr. Ellicott employed in making a survey and Map of the Federal
+Territory. The special object of asking your aid is to have a
+drawing of the particular grounds most likely to be approved for
+the site of the Federal town and buildings. You<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> will therefore be
+pleased to begin on the Eastern branch and proceed from thence
+upwards, laying down the hills, valleys, morasses and waters
+between that and the Potomac, The Tyber, and the road leading from
+Georgetown to the Eastern branch and connecting the whole with
+certain fixed points on the map Mr. Ellicott is preparing. Some
+idea of the height of the lands above the base on which they stand
+would be desirable. For necessary assistance and expense be pleased
+to apply to the Mayor of Georgetown who is written to on the
+subject. I will beg the favor of you to mark to me your progress
+about twice a week, say every Wednesday and Saturday evening, that
+I may be able in proper time to draw your attention to some other
+objects which I have not at this moment sufficient information to
+define.'"</p></div>
+
+<p>"<i>The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser</i> of March 18, 1791,
+reported Major L'Enfant's arrival in Georgetown as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">'<span class="smcap">Georgetown</span> (Patowmac) March 12.</p>
+
+<p>Wednesday (March 9) evening arrived in this town Major Longfont, a
+French gentleman employed by the President of the United States to
+survey the lands contiguous to Georgetown, where the Federal City
+is to be put. His skill in matters of this kind is justly extolled
+by all disposed to give merit its proper tribute of praise. He is
+earnest in the business and hopes to be able to lay a plan of that
+parcel of land before the President on his arrival in this town.'</p></div>
+
+<p>"L'Enfant reported to Secretary of State Jefferson, promptly:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">'Friday March 11, 1791</p>
+
+<p>Sir: I have the honor of informing you of my arrival at this place
+where I could not possibly reach before Wednesday last and very
+late in the evening, after having traveled part of the way on foot
+and part on horseback leaving the broken stage behind.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'On arriving I made it my first care to wait on the Mayor of the
+town in conformity with the direction which you gave me. He
+appeared to be much surprised and he assured me he had received no
+previous notice of my coming nor any injunction relating to the
+business I was sent upon. However next day&mdash;yesterday morning&mdash;he
+made me a kind offer of his assistance in procuring for me three or
+four men to attend me in the surveying and this being the only
+thing I was in need of, every matter has been soon arranged. I am
+only at present to regret that a heavy rain and thick mist which
+has been incessant ever since my arrival here, does put an
+insuperable obstacle to my wish of proceeding immediately to the
+survey. Should the weather continue bad, as there is every
+appearance it will, I shall be much at a lost how to make a plan of
+the ground you have pointed out to me and have it ready for the
+President at the time he is expected at this place.'"</p></div>
+
+<p>"In the meantime President Washington had begun his triumphal tour
+through the South. In Maryland he was escorted by his Excellency
+Governor Howard and the Honorable Mr. Kilty: Washington's Diary for
+March 28-30, 1791, reports:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >'Monday 28th: Left Bladensburgh at half after six, and breakfasted
+at George Town about 8:&mdash;where, having appointed the Commissioners
+under the Residence Law to meet me, I found Mr. Johnson one of them
+(and who is Chief Justice of the State) in waiting&mdash;and soon after
+came in David Stuart, and Danl. Carroll Esqrs. the other two. A few
+miles out of Town I was met by the principal Citizens of the place
+and escorted in by them; and dined at Suter's tavern (where I also
+lodged) at a public dinner given by the Mayor and
+Corporation&mdash;previous to which I examined the Surveys of Mr.
+Ellicott who had been sent on to lay out the district of ten miles
+square for the federal seat; and also works of Majr. L'Enfant who
+had been engaged to examine and make a draught of the grds. in the
+vicinity of George Town and Carrollsburg on the Eastern<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> Branch
+making arrangements for examining the ground myself tomorrow with
+the Commissioners.'</p>
+
+<p>'Tuesday, 29th</p>
+
+<p>'In thick mist, and under strong appearance of a settled rain
+(which however did not happen) I set out about 7 o'clock, for the
+purpose above mentioned, but from the unfavorableness of the day, I
+derived no great satisfaction from the review.</p>
+
+<p>'Finding the interests of the Landholders about George Town and
+those about the Carrollsburgh much at variance and that their fears
+and jealousies of each were counteracting the public purposes and
+might prove injurious to its best interests, whilst if properly
+managed they might be made to subserve it, I requested them to meet
+me at six o'clock this afternoon at my lodgings, which they
+accordingly did....</p>
+
+<p>'Dined at Colo. Forrest's today with the Commissioners and others.'
+[Whose residence was at 3348 M Street.]</p>
+
+<p>'Wednesday, 30th.</p>
+
+<p>'The parties to whom I addressed myself yesterday evening, having
+taken the matter into consideration, saw the propriety of my
+observations; and that whilst they were contending for the shadow
+they might loose the substance; and therefore mutually agreed and
+entered into articles to surrender for public purposes, one half of
+the land they severally possessed within the bounds which were
+designated as necessary for the City to stand with some other
+stipulations, which were inserted in the instrument which they
+respectively subscribed.</p>
+
+<p>'This business being thus happily finished and some directions
+given to the Commissioners, the Surveyor and Engineer with respect
+to the mode of laying out the district&mdash;Surveying the grounds for
+the City and forming them into lots&mdash;I left Georgetown, dined in
+Alexandria and reached Mount Vernon in the evening.'"</p></div>
+
+<p>The "others," with whom he dined, were evidently the proprietors of the
+land, sixteen, who next day signed before witnesses the agreement drawn
+up that day. It is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> too long to quote in its entirety, but in effect
+these were the conditions: "that in consideration of the good benefits
+they were to derive from having the Federal City laid off upon their
+lands the President may retain any number of squares he may think proper
+for public improvements or uses at the rate of &pound;25 ($66.66 in Penn.
+currency) per acre. For the streets they should receive no compensation.
+Each proprietor was to retain full possession of his land till it should
+be sold into lots." The men who signed, in order of signing, were:
+Robert Peter, David Burnes, James M. Lingan, Uriah Forrest, Benjamin
+Stoddert, Notley Young, Daniel Carroll, of Duddington; Overton Carr,
+Thomas Beall, of George; Charles Beatty, Anthony Holmead, William Young,
+Edward Peirce, Abraham Young, James Peirce, and William Prout. At a
+later date the following men joined in the agreement and are often
+counted among the original property holders: Robert Morris, Samuel
+Blodget, William Bailey, Samuel Davidson, William Deakins, Jr., James
+Greenleaf, Thomas Johnson, Robert Lingan, Dominick Lynch, John
+Nicholson, John H. Stone, Comfort Sands, Benjamin Oden, John P. Van
+Ness, George Walker, and the legal guardians of Elizabeth Wheeler.</p>
+
+<p>It was in this little town that the President issued his proclamation
+concerning the permanent seat of government of the United States. It
+reads thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Done at George Town, aforesaid, the 30th day of March in the year
+of our Lord, 1791 and in the Independence of the United States the
+fifteenth.</p>
+
+<p class="center">By the President,</p>
+<p class="sig">George Washington.</p>
+<p class="smcap">Thomas Jefferson.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Having satisfactorily accomplished this business, General Washington
+proceeded to Mount Vernon, whence he wrote on April 3, 1791, to the
+Commissioners to proceed at once with the Attorney-General in regard to
+deeds so that the sale of lots and public buildings might commence as
+soon as possible. He quotes a letter from Mr. Jefferson:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >... that on the 27th of March a bill had been introduced in the
+House of Representatives for granting a sum of money for building a
+Federal Hall, a house for the President, etc.</p></div>
+
+<p>At a meeting of the Commissioners on September 9, 1791, in reply to a
+letter from Major L'Enfant a letter was written saying:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >... that the title of the map he was making was to be, "A Map of
+the City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia," and that the
+streets were to be named alphabetically one way and numerically the
+other, etc.</p>
+
+<p class="center" style="margin-top: 0;">(Signed by)</p>
+<p style="margin-top: 0;" class="sig">Thomas Johnson,<br />
+David Stuart,<br />
+Daniel Carroll.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>L'Enfant aimed to make an original plan for the Federal City, adapted to
+the topography, but he endeavored to secure ideas from plans of great
+cities of Europe that might be found possible of adaptation so he wrote
+to Jefferson who sent his notable reply and plans of a number of cities
+that he had secured evidently while our minister to France.</p>
+
+<p>"June 30th Washington noted, 'The business which brot. me to Georgetown
+being finished and the Comrs. instructed with respect to the mode of
+carrying the plan into effect, I set off this morning a littel after 4
+o'clock,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> in the prosecution of my journey towards Philadelphia....'"</p>
+
+<p>"Thereupon the building site for the city took on intense activity."</p>
+
+<p>Pierre Charles L'Enfant was the son of Pierre L'Enfant, an artist who
+painted battle scenes and also designed tapestries for the Gobelin
+Works. L'Enfant himself was an artist and it was his artistic
+temperament which caused him trouble. At the age of 22 he had come to
+America to volunteer his services in the war against England. He became
+an officer of engineers, and also helped Gen. von Steuben drill the Army
+at Valley Forge, and worked on fortifications. After the war he was a
+practicing architect in New York City for several years but when he
+heard of the Federal City to be created he longed to be the author of
+its plan and as I have said wrote to Washington asking for the job.</p>
+
+<p>But it was his desire for perfection which eventually was his undoing.
+There was delay in submitting the Plan to President Washington, and also
+he refused to take orders from any one except Washington, whereas he was
+told to take them from the three Commissioners of the District of
+Columbia: Thomas Johnson, David Stuart, and Daniel Carroll. Dr. David
+Stuart had become the second husband of Mrs. John Parke Custis,
+daughter-in-law of Mrs. Washington. Things went from bad to worse when
+the nephew of Daniel Carroll the Commissioner, Daniel Carroll of
+Duddington, started to build a house which abutted into a street laid
+out on the Plan and Major L'Enfant had it demolished. Also there was
+delay in getting the Map engraved.</p>
+
+<p>Major L'Enfant lived at Suter's Tavern during the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> months he was working
+in George Town. But where he actually did his work of drawing his famous
+Map, where Andrew Ellicott had his office as surveyor, and where the
+three Commissioners met for their business has never been settled.</p>
+
+<p>The tradition is that their office was The Little Old Stone House, now
+3049 M Street, and known for many years as "General Washington's
+Headquarters." As General Washington never had need for military
+headquarters here, for there was no fighting nearby, this tradition has
+persisted that this was the office of the Commissioners.</p>
+
+<p>On December 13th President Washington sent a letter to L'Enfant advising
+him that he must work under orders from the Commissioners.</p>
+
+<p>"Then before leaving for Philadelphia to superintend the engraving of
+his "Plan" personally, L'Enfant wrote to the Commissioners asking for
+supplies for the winter work, as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="rdate">'Georgetown Dec. 25, 1791.</p>
+
+<p>'Gentlemen: Mr. Roberdeau, on whose activity and zeal I rely in the
+execution of what is necessary to accomplish this winter, will
+communicate to you a statement of the business I committed to this
+care and I have to request you will make provision for the supply
+of 25 hands in the quarries and 50 in the city which in all will be
+75 men kept in employment besides their respective overseers.</p>
+
+<p>'There is an immediate necessity for a number of wheel-barrows and
+above 100 will be wanted early in the spring. Therefore I beg you
+will devise the mode of obtaining that number before the 15th of
+March next&mdash;These wheel-barrows ought to be made light and should
+be only roughly finished, though substantial, ...'</p></div>
+
+<p>Next we find that L'Enfant addressed a long and com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>prehensive Report to
+President Washington 'for renewing the work at the Federal City' in the
+approaching season and giving an estimate of expenditures for one year
+in the amount of $1,200,000."</p>
+
+<p>"We have here to do with the idealism of L'Enfant that contemplated
+quite a completely built city before it was occupied and operated as a
+'Seat of Government.' Unfortunately, L'Enfant did not realize the
+poverty of the Treasury; and the state of mind of national legislators,
+particularly of the North, who preferred to stay in Philadelphia to
+moving 'to the Indian Place' on the banks of the Potomac."</p>
+
+<p>"It is generally thought that the trouble concerning the Daniel Carroll
+of Duddington House was the reason for L'Enfant's resignation from the
+Washington work in March, 1792, and the reason for the letter from
+Secretary of State Jefferson terminating his services that month. But a
+close analysis of L'Enfant's experiences reveals that this was simply a
+'serious incident' in a chain of troubles to follow. This brings to
+light the names of L'Enfant's assistants Roberdeau and Baraof. There
+were also Benjamin Banneker; and Alexander Ralston."</p>
+
+<p>"L'Enfant remained silent so far as arguments with President Washington
+and the Plan was concerned, until 1800 after 'his General' had died. In
+the meantime the L'Enfant Plan was engraved, the question of
+compensation to L'Enfant came up and he was reimbursed in part." But the
+question of payment to Major L'Enfant was never settled.</p>
+
+<p>After leaving Georgetown he worked on a Plan for the city of Patterson,
+New Jersey, built a magnificent house for Robert Morris in Philadelphia
+which was never<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> finished, and also Oeller's Hotel where the
+Philadelphia Assemblies were held.</p>
+
+<p>From 1800 to 1810 he spent most of his time and efforts trying to secure
+payment for his services in laying out the Plan of the Capital City of
+Washington. On July 7, 1812 Secretary of War Eustis appointed him
+Professor of Engineering in the Military Academy at West Point but he
+declined saying that he had not "the rigidity of manner, the tongue nor
+the patience, nor indeed any inclination peculiar to instructors."</p>
+
+<p>In 1814 he was consulted in regard to the fortification of Fort
+Washington opposite Mount Vernon and did some work there.</p>
+
+<p>After the war was over he continued to live there at Warburton Manor
+with Thomas A. Digges until 1824 when he went to live with a nephew
+William Dudley Digges at Green Hill nearby, where he died, June 14,
+1825, and was buried on the estate.</p>
+
+<p>In 1909 the U. S. Government at last honored him by burying him in the
+National Cemetery at Arlington, in front of the house, overlooking the
+city of his dream.</p>
+
+<p>At twelve o'clock October 12, 1792, the corner-stone of the President's
+House was laid, but there is no record of any ceremony. There is,
+however, a long account in the newspapers of the laying of the
+corner-stone of the Capitol, which was personally performed by George
+Washington in his capacity as a Mason, on September 18, 1792, "amid a
+brilliant crowd of spectators of both sexes." Right at the head of the
+procession, immediately following "the Surveying Department of the City
+of Washington," is noted "The Mayor and Corporation of George Town."
+John Threlkeld was Mayor that year, and certainly that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> "brilliant
+crowd" must have been largely composed of Georgetonians for the dwellers
+in the City of Washington at that time were few and far between. Witness
+General Washington's letter on the 17th of May, 1795, to Alexander
+White, one of the Commissioners: "I shall intimate that a residence in
+the City if a house is to be had, will be more promotive of its welfare
+than your abode in George Town." He was nursing along his namesake in
+every possible way. On February 8, 1798, he notes in his diary: "Visited
+Public Buildings in the morning." The day before, the 7th, he speaks of
+going to a meeting of the Potomac Company, dining with Colonel
+Fitzgerald, and lodging with Thomas Peter at Number 2618 K Street. This
+was only natural, as Mrs. Peter was, of course, his step-granddaughter.
+On that same trip he met the Commissioners again, this time at Union
+Tavern, and dined there. On August 5th his diary says: "Went to George
+Town to a general meeting of the Potomac Company. Dined at the Union
+Tavern and lodged at Mr. Law's." Thomas Law, an Englishman, had married
+Eliza Custis, Mrs. Washington's eldest grandchild, and had a home on
+Capitol Hill.</p>
+
+<p>On August 11th he again spent the night at Thomas Peter's home, and that
+was the last night he ever spent in the city named in his honor. He was
+never to live to see the government established in the city over which
+he had worked so hard, and in which he had such absolute implicit faith.</p>
+
+<p>"A century hence," he wrote, "if this country keeps united, it will
+produce a city, though not so large as London, yet of a magnitude
+inferior to few other in Europe."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_VI" id="Chapter_VI"></a>Chapter VI</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Below Bridge Street</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-082-sm.jpg" alt="N"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">NEARLY all of the business, and most of the social life, up until 1800
+took place below Bridge (M) Street. The island in the river below George
+Town, which was called, variously, Analostan, Mason's Island, My Lord's
+Island, and Barbadoes, was almost a part of George Town in those days.
+It belonged to the great plantation of George Mason, of Gunston, the
+brilliant statesman and author of the Bill of Rights.</p></div>
+
+<p>His son, General Mason, had there an estate where he entertained in fine
+style. Louis Philippe of France, while a visitor in George Town, was
+feted there and said he had never seen a more elegant entertainment.
+Twenty-three kinds of fish were caught in the river in those days,
+besides terrapin and snapping turtles, so perhaps they helped to
+embellish the occasion.</p>
+
+<p>The island was rich in forest trees, foliage, flowering and aromatic
+shrubs, orchards of cherry, apple, and peach trees. Cotton was grown
+there which was the color of nankeen; it was spun, woven, and used in
+its natural color, without being dyed. Also, there was grown a variety
+of maize of deep purple color, used as a dye.</p>
+
+<p>John Mason had also a town house which we shall mention later. He, like
+most of the men in this community, was engaged in the business of
+shipping tobacco. The majority of his trade seems to have been with
+France,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> from letters of his father to him, in which the great George
+offered to help out his son in his shipments by letting him have some of
+the hogsheads he had on hand.</p>
+
+<p>John Mason had been a general in the Revolution, and was at the head of
+the militia here, and also owned a ferry operating to the Virginia shore
+from the foot of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue). The ferry was worked by
+a great iron chain.</p>
+
+<p>In 1835 Analostan Island was purchased by William A. Bradley, nephew of
+the Abraham Bradley who came to Washington with the Government in 1800
+as Assistant Postmaster General. For many years it was a wilderness,
+with only traces showing of its once famous house, but not long ago it
+was purchased by the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Peter's house stood on High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), about
+where Grace Church now stands. He owned the whole block between Congress
+(31st) Street and High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), up to Bridge (M)
+Street. It was called Peter's Square. At the age of forty, after he had
+lived nearly fifteen years in George Town, he married Elizabeth Scott,
+the daughter of George Scott, High Sheriff of Prince George County. They
+had eight children.</p>
+
+<p>Their eldest son, Thomas, was married in 1795 to Martha Parke Custis,
+the second granddaughter of Mrs. Washington. The bride was sixteen, the
+groom twenty-seven. The wedding took place at Hope Park near Fairfax
+Court House, where Martha's mother, the former Eleanor Calvert (Mrs.
+John Parke Custis), had been living since she became the wife of David
+Stuart, one of the Commis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span>sioners laying out the City of Washington.
+Soon after their marriage, Mr. Peter gave to Thomas and his wife one of
+the six houses he had built for his sons on lots across Rock Creek in
+the new city. The one he gave them was 2618 K Street, and is still
+standing. It was there that General Washington stayed with the young
+couple so often. Martha was very lovely in appearance, and very devoted
+to her step-grandfather, and he, apparently, to her.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Peter's eldest daughter, Elizabeth, was married in 1787 to her
+cousin, James Dunlop. Mr. Peter's mother had been Jean Dunlop of
+Garnkirke. To this couple, the father also gave a house situated not far
+from his own, a block away, up High Street (Wisconsin Avenue). There
+they reared a large family.</p>
+
+<p>No more interesting figure looms out of the mists of early George Town
+than the Reverend Stephen Bloomer Balch, the founder and first pastor of
+the Presbyterian Church. But, far more than that, he seems to have been
+pastor, "Parson," as he was affectionately called, for the entire
+community. It was in his church edifice that each denomination met until
+they procured their own.</p>
+
+<p>Born on his parents' place in the Susquehanna region, graduated from
+Princeton in the same class with Aaron Burr, Dr. Balch went to Lower
+Marlboro, Calvert County, Maryland, to take charge of a classical
+academy in October, 1775. For two years he taught, drilled the students
+in military training, and studied theology on the side. His books were
+borrowed from the Reverend Thomas Clagett, who afterwards became the
+first Episcopal Bishop of Maryland, and now lies buried in the
+Washington<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> Cathedral, not very far from his pupil in Oak Hill Cemetery.</p>
+
+<p>Not very long after Dr. Balch was licensed as a preacher, he came to
+George Town, about 1778, the only place of worship at that time being
+the Lutherans' small building, where their new church now stands on the
+corner of the present Q Street and Wisconsin Avenue. The lot was given
+in 1769 by Colonel Charles Beatty. Dr. Balch preached there on Thursday
+night and again on Sunday. He did not remain at that time, but, a year
+or so later, asked to come back, and at first used a little frame house
+on the north side of Bridge (M) Street, which was occupied on week days
+by a school. Just about this time he was made principal of the Columbian
+Academy, and the next year he married Elizabeth Beall, the daughter of
+George Beall. I wonder if he had, by any chance, met her on his first
+visit, and the memory of her bright eyes had followed him on his
+journeys down into the Carolines and lured him back.</p>
+
+<p>At the wedding of Dr. and Mrs. Balch in 1782, tea was served in cups not
+much larger than thimbles. The ladies of George Town would not drink tea
+at all during the Revolution, and it was still not plentiful.</p>
+
+<p>He was of a susceptible nature, for, after his wife's death in 1827, he
+was married the next year, when he was eighty-two, to another Elizabeth,
+one of the King family. She lived only eighteen days, and a little more
+than a year later, he again embarked on the sea of matrimony, this time
+with a widow, Mrs. Jane Parrott. By his first wife he had eleven
+children, the usual number in those days.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In 1783, one year after his first marriage, he built his home on Duck
+Lane (33rd Street), which he called "Mamre," from the Old Testament.
+After Abraham and Lot had separated, Abraham giving Lot the first choice
+of location, "the Lord told Abraham to look over the whole land which He
+would give to him and his seed forever, and Abraham moved his tent and
+dwelt by the oaks of Mamre, and built there an altar unto the Lord."</p>
+
+<p>In 1799, when a street was graded through, it completely ruined his
+property and he was obliged to take refuge with neighbors. One of his
+neighbors was James Calder, who was a trustee of his church, and Mr.
+Crookshanks lived near by. Dr. Balch had an island on the river called
+"Patmos." This time he went to the New Testament and named it for Saint
+John's abode, where he wrote the Book of Revelations. This island
+supplied wood for his fires. He had, also, a little way out of town, a
+farm of ten acres.</p>
+
+<p>One Fourth of July, his son, Thomas, aged eight, as he tells us in his
+<i>Reminiscences</i>, wanted to deliver an oration which he had prepared&mdash;in
+Scotch Row, near by his home. All of his comrades had gone to see
+Captain Doughty's Company on parade with the fife-and-drum corps. But
+the little boy was not to be deterred. He went up on Bridge (M) Street,
+hunting an audience and a distinguished one he brought back with him. If
+small in number, it made up in quality, for he had General John Mason
+and Monsieur Pichon, a "bland and elegant" Frenchman sent by Napoleon to
+receive the $15,000,000 for the purchase of the Louisiana Territory. Mr.
+Pichon was a Huguenot from the city of Lyons and lived, while here, near
+the Bank of Columbia. This son followed in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> his father's footsteps as a
+minister and did not have to go out always for his audience.</p>
+
+<p>A short while after the death of General Washington, Dr. Balch gave
+notice that he was going to speak on the life and services of the great
+statesman. He preached in the open air to more than a thousand people.</p>
+
+<p>The last years of Dr. Balch's life were spent at number 3302 Gay (N)
+Street, where a bad fire destroyed many valuable papers and the records
+of his church. He wrote to a friend: "Only the Parrott (his wife)
+remains!" Apparently, he never lost his sense of humor. Perhaps it was
+that which helped to make him so universally beloved.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Balch died on the 7th of September, 1833. Every house in town was
+hung in black, all the stores and banks were closed and the bells tolled
+as his body was carried to the church.</p>
+
+<p>One block westward of Dr. Balch's original house lived another man, very
+influential in the religious life of the town in addition to his large
+business activities. Henry Foxall, a native of Monmouthshire, England,
+was born in 1760. He went to Dublin, where he was put in charge of
+extensive iron works and where he became a Methodist. On coming to this
+country, he first settled in Philadelphia, where, in 1794, he was a
+partner in the Eagle Iron Works of Robert Morris, the great financier
+and signer of the Declaration of Independence.</p>
+
+<p>When Thomas Jefferson became President, he thought it advisable to have
+at the seat of government an ordnance plant, so Morris recommended
+Foxall, who came here in 1799 for that purpose. He built his foundry on
+the western outskirts of George Town, just behind Georgetown<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> College.
+He built also a large brick house, two stories, with dormer windows on
+Frederick (34th) Street, between Water (K) and Bridge (M) Streets. It
+was quite a pretentious house for that time, with its high ceilings,
+elaborately decorated cornices of minute workmanship, and mantels of
+carved wood. It had ample grounds, and in front stood two tall and
+graceful Lombardy poplars. He had also a summer home, a little farther
+out and higher up, called "Spring Hill," from whence he had a fine view
+of the Potomac and the Virginia hills.</p>
+
+<p>A warm friendship sprang up between him and Thomas Jefferson, as they
+had many tastes in common. Both were performers on the violin and used
+to accompany each other, and both were fond of tinkering. Jefferson, you
+remember, was of a very inventive turn of mind. During this time he
+thought of an air-tight stove and got Mr. Foxall to make some according
+to his ideas, but they did not work out to please him.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Jefferson lived for a while in George Town on the little street
+bearing his name, between Washington (30th) and Congress (31st) Streets,
+running south below Bridge (M) Street, in a house demolished a few years
+ago. It stood immediately south of the Canal on the east side, and was
+in appearance much like the home of Francis Scott Key. It must have been
+during the time he was Secretary of State in John Adams's administration
+that he occupied this house.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Jefferson was never happy living in a town. I found this interesting
+little tidbit about him in the <i>Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica</i>: "For eight
+years he tabulated with painful accuracy the earliest and latest
+appearance of 37 vegetables in the Washington market, and after his
+re<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span>turn from France for 23 years he received from his old friend, the
+superintendent of the <span class="smcap">Jardin Des Plantes</span>, a box of seeds which he
+distributed to public and private gardens throughout the United States."
+So I think we might easily call him the founder of the Garden Clubs of
+America, certainly of the Georgetown Garden Club.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Foxall was a convert to Wesleyanism, and a lay minister. He was in
+the habit of entertaining the members of the Methodist Conference at
+this home, and was once good-humoredly twitted by one of them in regard
+to his inconsistent roles of "proclaimer of the gospel of peace and
+forger of weapons of war." To this he replied: "If I do make guns to
+destroy men's bodies, I build churches to save their souls."</p>
+
+<p>At this foundry (then the only one south of Philadelphia), cannon were
+cast for the American troops during the War of 1812. The artillery and
+indeed all the military arms of this country were then very imperfect.
+Foxall was the only founder in America who understood the proper mode of
+manufacture. Here began the first manufacture of bored cannon in this
+country, being vastly superior to the old ordnance. The abandonment and
+recasting of the old-style guns speedily followed.</p>
+
+<p>Commodore Perry would have no others on the little fleet he built at
+Put-in-Bay on Lake Erie. The battle of Lake Erie was deferred until
+Foxall could fill an order from the government for guns, and transport
+them over the mountains on carts drawn by ten or twelve yoke of oxen to
+the scene of the engagement. From the deck of his flagship <i>The
+Lawrence</i>, manned by these guns from George Town, Perry sent his famous
+message, "We have met the enemy and they are ours!"</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-090.jpg" alt="Henry Foxall" title="Henry Foxall" /><br />
+<span class="caption smcap">Henry Foxall</span>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In 1814, when the British entered Washington and burned the Capitol and
+the White House, this foundry, upon which the country depended so
+largely for its supplies, was in imminent danger, and its owner vowed
+that, if God would spare it, he would build a church to His glory. The
+enemy had their face set in its direction when a sudden and violent
+storm turned them from their course. An old letter, written by George
+Bleig, afterwards Chaplain-General of the British Army, says: "On the
+25th a hurricane fell on the city which unroofed houses and upset our
+three-pound guns. It upset me also. It fairly lifted me out of the
+saddle, and the horse which I had been riding, I never saw again."</p>
+
+<p>True to his vow, Henry Foxall built the Foundry Methodist Church at the
+northeast corner of 14th and G Streets. It was sold some years later and
+the Colorado office building erected there. With the proceeds the very
+handsome grey stone church was built on 16th Street above Scott Circle.
+The trustees of the Foundry Church were Isaac Owens, Leonard Mackall,
+John Eliason, William Doughty, Joel Brown, John Lutz, and Samuel
+McKenney.</p>
+
+<p>Methodism at that time was in a struggling condition. The first visit by
+a Methodist preacher had been one by the tireless Francis Asbury. He was
+an old friend of Foxall, had visited him often in Philadelphia, and
+preached in George Town December 9, 1772. But it was twenty years before
+regular services were held, and then only by a preacher who came up from
+Alexandria. It was not until after the arrival of Henry Foxall that any
+Methodist preacher was stationed in the District. William Watters was so
+appointed in 1802.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-092.jpg" width="600" height="384" alt="Home of Henry Foxall" title="Home of Henry Foxall" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Home of Henry Foxall</span>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Foxall was instrumental in the erection of no less than four
+churches, the old church at George Town on Rock Creek, one at the Navy
+Yard known as Ebenezer, a colored chapel, and later, the Foundry Church.
+In 1814 was organized the first Bible society in the District of
+Columbia. Among its founders were Henry Foxall and Francis Scott Key,
+near neighbors.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Foxall was three times married, his first wife was Ann Harward, whom
+he married in England in 1780; his second was Margaret Smith, married in
+Philadelphia in 1799; his third, Catherine, whom he married in 1816 in
+England, while on a visit home. He had only two children and they were
+by his first marriage&mdash;a son who died when twenty-five years old and
+daughter, Mary Ann, who became the wife of Samuel McKenney, and for whom
+he built a lovely home.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1823 he went to England for a visit, and there in
+December of that same year he died, quite suddenly, in great peace. "He
+served well his country, his generation, and his God."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Foxall was said by one of his old employees to have been honest and
+just in his dealings, and although he did a large business, employing
+many people, he owed no man a dollar. He was prompt in paying off his
+workmen, usually making coin payments. He was a conscientious, earnest
+Christian, a real enthusiast in his religion. During his term of office
+as mayor in 1819 and 1820, the ordinances for the town which provided
+against profaning the Sabbath, were strictly enforced.</p>
+
+<p>The old Sunday Laws (so-called Blue Laws), which George Town inherited
+from Maryland, were decidedly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> severe, and it took a man of Mr. Foxall's
+force of character to enforce them. A few of the offenses against which
+he waged relentless war may be mentioned. Five dollars was the penalty
+for gaming, hunting, and fishing on the Sabbath. No trading was allowed
+on the Lord's Day, except the selling of "fresh fish, milk, and other
+perishable goods." Cock-fighting and drinking, when indulged in by free
+men, were punished by a fine of $5.00, but when a slave was the
+offender, he received thirty-nine stripes on the bare back in a public
+place.</p>
+
+<p>The old gentleman was fond of buying slaves whom he would set free after
+teaching them a trade. Long years after, one of his old slaves boasted
+of having driven the Marquis de Lafayette to visit his old mistress,
+Mrs. Catherine Foxall, on his visit in 1824.</p>
+
+<p>When the Potomac Canal was taken over and reorganized as the Chesapeake
+and Ohio Canal, a great celebration was made of the event.</p>
+
+<p>On Friday, July 4, 1828, President John Quincy Adams, accompanied by
+heads of Federal Government Departments, members of the Diplomatic
+Corps, the president and directors of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
+Company and authorities of the three cities of the then District of
+Columbia: Washington, Alexandria, and Georgetown, assembled early at the
+Union Hotel. The procession formed and, to the music of the United
+States Marine Band, marched to the High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) wharf,
+where, on board the steamboat <i>Surprise</i> and other boats, they moved up
+the Potomac, until they reached the termination of the old Potomac
+Canal, landed, and marched a few hundred yards to canal boats prepared
+to receive them. They glided along until they reached the point of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>
+destination where the old powder magazine stood. On landing, they formed
+a large circle. The president of the C. &amp; O. Company addressed President
+Adams in a brief speech and handed him a spade. After making the speech,
+he attempted to run the spade into the ground, but struck a root. He
+tried it again, when a wag in the crowd cried out he had come across a
+"hickory root," (allusion to Andrew Jackson, "Old Hickory," and their
+political campaign).</p>
+
+<p>He then threw down the spade, ripped off his coat, and went to work in
+earnest. People on the hills around raised loud cheers until their Chief
+Executive overcame the difficulty.</p>
+
+<p>On July 4, 1831, water was let in the canal from the first feeder to the
+Columbia Foundry. The loan of $1,500,000 was obtained in Holland through
+Richard Rush on the credit of the citizens of Washington, Alexandria,
+and Georgetown.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that, with the probable exception of General Washington, he
+took more interest in the affairs of the District of Columbia than any
+other president. He was largely identified with its material prosperity;
+he owned and operated a flouring mill on Rock Creek, but the project he
+was most zealously interested in was the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Of
+course, Mr. Adams had been here some during his father's presidency,
+though he was a man in his thirties then and was much abroad on
+diplomatic missions. He was also Secretary of State in Monroe's
+administration, and after his own term of office as President, served as
+a representative in Congress until his death.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>A flouring mill which stood at the point where the canal of the old
+Potomac Company entered the river, was owned by the Edes family. The
+fish caught there were much larger than those caught elsewhere.</p>
+
+<p>On the bank of the canal opposite the mill, lived Bull Frizzle, noted
+for his enormous strength. One time, after there was an accident at the
+Little Falls (Chain) Bridge, he crawled under a large beam and prized it
+up by the strength of his back, saving the life of the man pinned
+underneath.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_VII" id="Chapter_VII"></a>Chapter VII</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Along Bridge (M) Street</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-097-sm.jpg" alt="T"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">THE bridge over Rock Creek at Bridge (M) Street, was built in 1788, and
+one night when a storm of wind and rain was raging, gave way while a
+stage-coach was passing over it. The coach was precipitated into the
+water but only the driver and the horses were drowned. Ever afterwards
+it was said that on stormy nights the ghost of the driver haunted the
+spot.</p></div>
+
+<p>Peter Casanave had a stone house near the bridge and close by was the
+house of the French's. Mrs. French had been Arianna Scott, sister of
+Mrs. Robert Peter. The house, which is still remembered by many old
+residents, was a fine, large brick mansion of the prevailing type at
+that time.</p>
+
+<p>It was surrounded by trees&mdash;some of them being cherries&mdash;and a garden.
+One large room was hung with very unusual paper representing scenes of
+Indian life. It is still remembered by a gentleman who lived there when
+he was quite young, who says he remembers passing when the house was
+being demolished and again admired the very handsome and remarkable
+paper. At that time the place was entered by a gate from the
+Pennsylvania Avenue side, and then there was a flight of steps to reach
+M Street on the other side.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. French evidently owned several houses nearby, for she advertised:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >For sale or rent:</p>
+
+<p>The house opposite the Bank of Columbia lately occupied by Mrs.
+Suter, and the house lately occupied by John M. Gantt, Esqur.,
+adjoining Dr. Weem's house are for sale or rent. The house opposite
+the bank is very eligibly situated for a commercial character
+having an excellent storeroom and counting room with every
+convenient compartment for a private family. The house adjoining
+Dr. Weems' can accomodate very comfortably a small family and from
+its situation will soon be very valuable. The terms of sale or rent
+may be known on application to Dr. Weems.</p>
+
+<p>9th January 1799 <span class="rfloat smcap">A. French.</span></p></div>
+
+<p>Also, Mrs. Pick had a millinery store just about here.</p>
+
+<p>On the corner of Bridge (M) and Greene (29th) Streets, was where David
+Reintzel lived, who was mayor several times.</p>
+
+<p>A block or two further west, on the north side of the street, stood the
+very modest home of Jacob Schoofield, the Quaker with whom William Wirt
+was put to board when he was sent in 1779 to George Town to attend
+school. He speaks of how Mrs. Schoofield comforted him the first night
+he was there, a home-sick little boy, by telling him the story, from the
+Bible, of Joseph being sold by his brother and carried off into Egypt.
+He said "I remember, also, to have seen a gentleman, Mr. Peter, I think,
+going out gunning for canvas-backs, then called white-backs, which I
+have seen whitening the Potomac and which, when they arose, as they
+sometimes did for half a mile together, produced a sound like thunder."</p>
+
+<p>Just a few doors from this house was the famous Union Tavern, of which I
+have already said so much. The building was standing until a few years
+ago when it was replaced by a filling station. When it became
+Crawford's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> Hotel after John Suter, Jr., gave it up, again William Wirt
+comes into the picture:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Here I am at Crawford's. I am surrounded by a vast crowd of
+legislators and gentlemen assembled for the races, which are to
+commence tomorrow. The races amidst the ruins and desolation of
+Washington.</p></div>
+
+<p>These gentlemen used to ride to and from the capitol in a large
+stage-coach with seats on top called the "Royal George."</p>
+
+<p>Among the other notable guests of the old hostelry were Louis Philippe,
+Jerome Bonaparte, Talleyrand, ex-Bishop of Autun when he was driven from
+France, John Adams, when as President in the early summer of 1800, he
+came down to look over his new field; Anthony Merry, Minister from
+England to the United States; Washington Irving, Count Volney, Humbolt,
+the geographer; Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat; Lorenzo
+Dow, the eccentric preacher; several young naval officers from the
+Tripolitan War; and John Randolph of Roanoke. I wonder if it was from
+this old tavern that that brilliant but erratic statesman went out
+across the Chain Bridge to fight his duel with Henry Clay? It is
+recorded by a marker, just at the end of the bridge on the Virginia
+side, and reads thus: "Near here Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke
+fought a duel April 8, 1826. Randolph had called Clay a 'Blackleg' in a
+speech. Both men were unhurt, but Randolph's coat was pierced by a
+bullet."</p>
+
+<p>John Randolph spent the night before the duel in quoting poetry and
+playing whist while his will was being amended.</p>
+
+<p>John Randolph must have liked George Town, for years<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> afterwards when he
+lay very ill in his boarding place on Capitol Hill, he insisted on his
+body servant, Juba, getting him some water from George Town, no other
+would do. He called it "The water of Chios."</p>
+
+<p>Joseph Crawford, the proprietor of this hotel, was the principal manager
+in the unloading of the records and furniture belonging to the
+government when the ships bringing it from Philadelphia docked at Lear's
+Wharf. Abraham Bradley, who, as Assistant Postmaster General, had charge
+of the removal of that department, and Joseph Nourse, who was Registrar
+of the Treasury, may also have stopped at Crawford's until settled in
+their homes.</p>
+
+<p>Just opposite on the southeast corner of Bridge (M) and Washington
+(30th) Streets stood, until 1878, the Presbyterian Church, whose
+founder, Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch, was its pastor for fifty-two years.
+When it was first built in 1782, it was only about thirty feet square.
+In 1793 it was enlarged by extending the north front. In 1801-'02, it
+was further enlarged by extending it on the west side. For this purpose
+Thomas Jefferson helped by subscribing $75.00. In 1806 the trustees of
+the congregation were incorporated by Congress. They were: Stephen B.
+Balch, William Whann, James Melvin, John Maffitt, John Peter, Joshua
+Dawson, James Calder, George Thompson, Richard Elliott, David Wiley, and
+Andrew Ross. The first and only elder for some time was James Orme, son
+of Reverend John Orme, of Upper Marlborough. In 1821 a new building was
+erected. When Dr. Balch died in 1833, he was buried there, but when the
+congregation moved in 1878 and the church was torn down, his remains
+were taken to Oak Hill, where, with the original gravestone, they lie
+not far from the chapel and just north of the grave of John Howard
+Payne.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-101.jpg" width="400" height="439" alt="Old Presbyterian Church" title="Old Presbyterian Church" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Old Presbyterian Church</span>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the northwest corner of Bridge (M) and Washington (30th) Streets
+lived a Mr. Lee; probably Thomas Sim Lee, whose home was the gathering
+place for the Federalists. Just beyond here, still on the north side
+where the two lovely old carved doorways remain unchanged, are the
+houses once owned by Henry Addison, who served as mayor of the Town from
+1845 to 1857 and again from 1861 to 1867. He was a hardware merchant,
+and in 1827 it was for him that the first steam fire engine was named.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Hill lived in one of these houses and next door on the east lived
+Mr. Vanderwerken. He owned the line of omnibuses that ran along Bridge
+(M) Street and over to the city before there were street cars. The
+omnibuses bore the names of prominent people.</p>
+
+<p>There was a pump in the back yard on the line between these two houses.
+On each side of the fence was a handle on the pump so that it could be
+worked by both families. The water flowed smoothly until something
+caused a fuss between the two men, and one day, when Mr. Hill, who was a
+very large man, protruded over the fence, Mr. Vanderwerken got out his
+shotgun and peppered his shoulder!</p>
+
+<p>Across the street at number 3012 lived John Abbott, who came from
+Philadelphia with the transfer of the government in 1800.</p>
+
+<p>At number 3016 lived John Mountz who was Clerk of the Corporation for
+sixty-seven years, from the time of its beginning in 1789 up to 1856.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street again is the quaint little Stone House<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> which has
+caused so much discussion. For many years tradition had said it was
+there that Major L'Enfant had his headquarters while he was mapping the
+new capital city. Then, someone said it had never been proved. So now we
+are waiting for proof. From its looks it was most certainly standing in
+those early days. If only it could speak and tell its own history!</p>
+
+<p>We do know it was bought as lot 3 in June, 1762, by John Boone for one
+pound, ten shillings. Two years later, as he had not improved it, it was
+bought by Christopher Leyhman for the same amount, and presumably, a
+house was built about that time. Apparently, by inheritance, it came to
+Rachel Furvey (formerly Rachel Leyhman), and in June, 1767, by deed, it
+became the property of Cassandra Chew, who made it over to her two
+daughters, Harriot, who married Richard Bruce, and Mary, who first
+married Richard Smith, and later, Mr. Bromley. Mary's daughter, Barbara
+Smith, married John Suter, Jr., and they lived in this house. This is
+supposed to have something to do with the claim that has been made that
+this building on lot 3 was Suter's Tavern.</p>
+
+<p>Almost next door on the west Mr. Claggett had a house. Again, across the
+street, on the southeast corner, is the building which, until recent
+years, housed the Farmers and Mechanics Bank. It was founded in 1814.
+When the Mexican War came, this bank enabled the government to pay the
+war debt. It has now been absorbed by the Riggs National Bank and moved
+further up the street. Before the building of the bank, John Peter, a
+nephew of Robert Peter, had a house on that corner. His house was a
+simple frame one, and back of it he had rabbit warrens and pigeon
+houses. He used to go often in the evenings<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> the short distance to his
+uncle Robert's house for a game of whist, of which the old gentleman was
+very fond.</p>
+
+<p>Just above Bridge (M) Street on Congress (31st) Street stands the
+Georgetown post office, an imposing granite building. It is also the
+custom house of the District of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Near the corner of Congress (31st) Street lived W. King, and at number
+3119 was the house Thomas Corcoran built. He had come from Limerick,
+Ireland, to Baltimore in 1783 and entered business with his uncle,
+William Wilson, there. Soon after his marriage to Hannah Lemon, of
+Baltimore County, he came to George Town, intending to go on to
+Richmond, but being so impressed with the thriving little town, he
+decided to settle here. He first rented a house on Congress (31st)
+Street below Bridge (M) from Robert Peter, and started a business in
+leather. In 1791 he built this three-story house and there lived for
+many years. He was mayor five different terms from 1805, and also
+magistrate and postmaster for fifteen years until his death in 1830. It
+was in this house that a meeting was held in 1817 to found Christ
+Church.</p>
+
+<p>The Union Bank was on the north side of this block.</p>
+
+<p>On the southwest corner of Bridge (M) and High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+is the site of Gordon's Inspection House, and just west of here in 1791
+were three large tobacco sheds covering three acres. Here was the
+"Warehouse Lot," used by circuses when they came to town.</p>
+
+<p>Close by was the big warehouse of John Laird. It was after his death in
+1833 that the trade in tobacco began to decline.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-105a.jpg" width="200" height="285" alt="General James Maccubbin Lingan" title="General James Maccubbin Lingan" /><br />
+<span class="caption smcap">General James Maccubbin Lingan</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width:300px;">
+<img src="images/illus-105b.jpg" width="200" height="280" alt="Benjamin Stoddert" title="Benjamin Stoddert" />
+<br /><span class="caption smcap">Benjamin Stoddert</span>&nbsp;
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/illus-105c.jpg" width="200" height="275" alt="Uriah Forrest" title="Uriah Forrest" /><br />
+<span class="caption smcap">Uriah Forrest</span>
+</div>
+
+<p style="clear: both;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>From 1792 to 1795, number 3221 was the home of Dr. William Thornton, the
+architect of the Capitol; the Octagon House, built by John Tayloe; of
+Tudor Place, and also of Woodlawn. He was later the first Superintendent
+of Patents from 1802 until 1807.</p>
+
+<p>The old market stands where there always has been a market. Its upper
+stories used to be where the meetings of the Corporation of George Town
+were held.</p>
+
+<p>At number 3300 was the home of Paymaster David Whann.</p>
+
+<p>Midway between Market (33rd) and Frederick (34th) Streets, on the north
+side of Bridge (M) Street, General James Maccubbin Lingan had a large
+piece of property. I wonder if this advertisement inserted in a
+newspaper on April 22, 1801, describes this very place:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >The subscriber offers for sale the houses and lots where he now
+resides. The improvements are a commodious dwelling house, office,
+kitchen, wash house, meat house, carriage house, a stable for five
+horses, likewise a large and well cultivated garden and clover lot.
+He will also sell the upper wharf and warehouses, all of which have
+been lately built and well situated for receiving produce that may
+come down the river.</p>
+
+<p class="sig">J. M. Lingan.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>General Lingan was of noted Scotch ancestry, the second child of Dr.
+Lingan. He was born in 1751, in Frederick County, Maryland. On his
+mother's side he was related to the Maccubbins, and to the Carrolls of
+Maryland. He came to George Town as quite a young man and went directly
+into the tobacco warehouse of a relative. In 1776 he was commissioned a
+lieutenant in the army. After the victory of the Battle of Long Island,
+he was captured at Fort Washington on November 16, 1776, his breast
+being<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> pierced by a bayonet at that time. He was sent as a prisoner
+aboard the <i>Jersey</i>&mdash;the "Hell," as she was called. The conditions on
+board were terrific, and many of the prisoners died. When the coffin was
+brought for the body of one of his friends, it was found to be too
+short&mdash;the guards started to decapitate the body to make it fit. Young
+Lingan stood over the body and said he would kill them with his bare
+hands. So they brought a larger coffin.</p>
+
+<p>While he was still a prisoner there, his cousin, Admiral Sir Samuel
+Hood, of His "Satanic" Majesty's Navy, as Lingan called it, visited him
+and offered him &pound;2,000 (pounds) and high rank in the British Army if he
+would return to his former allegiance. Lingan's answer was, "I'll rot
+here first!" And he almost did! He was cooped up in a space so short
+that he could not lie full length, so low that he could not stand erect.
+It was many months after his release before his cramped and agonized
+muscles allowed him to sleep except in an armchair.</p>
+
+<p>The reasons for wishing to obtain his defection were, first, the pride,
+and perhaps, affection of his connections in England. Lord North,
+himself, was one of these, and his cousin, Zachariah Hood was <i>persona
+gratia</i> at the Court of St. James. Also, the affiliations and
+connections of his family in Maryland made his defection greatly to be
+desired. One of his sisters had married Thomas Plater, the son of
+Governor George Plater of Sotterley, and he was also related to the
+prominent Carroll family.</p>
+
+<p>At the conclusion of the war, General Lingan returned to George Town and
+farmed two estates he owned, both named after battles in which he had
+participated&mdash;Harlem and Middlebrook. He also was appointed collector
+of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> the port by General Washington himself. He was one of the original
+members of the Order of the Cincinnati.</p>
+
+<p>In later years he moved over to the city, his house then being in the
+neighborhood of Nineteenth, M and N Streets. He had a wife and children,
+many friends, and all was going well with him until the election year of
+1812. General Lingan was a Federalist in politics. The party organ was
+<i>The Federal Republican</i>, published in Baltimore and edited by Alexander
+Contee Hanson, whose wife was a near relative of Nicholas Lingan, the
+brother of James.</p>
+
+<p>War with England was declared on Friday, the 19th of June, 1812, and
+next day an editorial appeared in <i>The Federal Republican</i>, which was
+like a match set to a powder train. On Sunday, public meetings were held
+advocating the suppression of the paper, and on Monday, three or four
+hundred men and boys assembled at the office of the paper at Gay and
+Second Streets, in Baltimore, and destroyed the furniture and the house.</p>
+
+<p>The staff then removed to Georgetown where, although it was threatened
+from both Baltimore and Washington, it continued to publish the paper
+until July 26th, when Mr. Hanson went back to Baltimore to a small house
+on South Charles Street, accompanied by General Lingan, John Howard
+Payne, General Henry ("Light Horse Harry") Lee, and others. On the
+following day the paper was issued from that office, though it had been
+printed in Georgetown. It contained an attack on the State authorities
+for the outrage of June 22nd. This time the mob that gathered brought
+arms and ammunition. The twenty-seven gentlemen assembled in the office
+were also armed, "to defend the rights of person, and property,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span> and the
+liberty of the press." At first only stones were used by the assailants,
+answered by volleys of blank cartridges. After scenes almost fantastic
+in fury, the gentlemen were finally overcome and marched to gaol for
+safety. But after dark another mob gathered round the gaol, and
+overcoming the guard, broke in. Mr. Gwynn pushed his way through a group
+of fifty men to General Lingan who was being knocked down by clubs, then
+jerked up to be knocked down again, while the outside ring of men
+bellowed, "Tory! Tory!" The only word General Lingan spoke to the mob
+was, when tearing open his shirt, he displayed the mark of the Hessian
+bayonet, still purple, and exclaimed, "Does this look as if I was a
+traitor?" Just then a stone struck the scar and he fell. As the last
+breath left his body, he murmured to a friend near by, "I am a dying
+man&mdash;save yourself."</p>
+
+<p>On this side of Bridge (M) Street, adjoining what was then Bank Street
+stood the Bank of Columbia, when it moved from a few blocks east. From
+old pictures, it looks much more like a stately home than a bank, and
+part of it was used as his home by William Whann, the cashier. Set far
+back on the hill, with columns on its fa&ccedil;ade and a Greek pediment, it
+was very handsome. Its first president was Samuel Blodgett; its second,
+General John Mason of Analostan Island. Across the street he had his
+town house.</p>
+
+<p>To this bank one day late in 1814, while he was Secretary of State, came
+James Monroe, on horseback, and asking for William Whann, told him that
+the government was entirely out of funds, and wanted a loan with which
+to dispatch General Andrew Jackson to New Orleans. Mr. Monroe pledged
+his own private fortune that the debt would be paid, and the money was
+turned over to him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> The government at that time was not strong enough
+to levy heavier taxes for the conduct of the war with England, which was
+very unpopular in the New England States.</p>
+
+<p>The Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815&mdash;two weeks after
+peace had come&mdash;for a Treaty of Peace had been signed on Christmas Eve,
+and the great loss of life on the English side might have been avoided.</p>
+
+<p>Just beyond here on the corner, Mr. Thompson had a residence, and still
+a little further lived Mr. Warren. Just opposite, at number 3350, is one
+of the oldest houses in Georgetown and one of the most notable, for here
+Colonel Uriah Forrest was living in 1791 when on March 29th he gave that
+memorable dinner, referred to by General Washington, when the
+arrangements were made for the purchase of land on which to build the
+new City of Washington.</p>
+
+<p>What a scene that must have been! One can imagine the turtle soup, the
+fish and terrapin caught fresh from the river, wild ducks and ham with
+shoulders of mutton and all the vegetables and hot breads and other
+delectable foods for which Maryland is famous&mdash;for Uriah Forrest,
+himself a Marylander, had a Maryland wife, Rebecca Plater, the daughter
+of Governor Plater, whose home was Sotterley, in Saint Mary's County.</p>
+
+<p>In 1792 Colonel Forrest was mayor of George Town. Not long after this,
+Colonel Forrest purchased a large tract of land lying north of the town
+and there he built a country home which he called Rosedale, and to which
+he eventually retired for his permanent home. His descendants, the
+Greens, lived on at Rosedale until not so very many years ago. One of
+them, Mr. George Green, sold to President Cleveland, in his first
+administration, a stone cottage on the Rosedale estate which the
+President remodeled and made his summer home. It was called Red Top,
+from its turreted red roof, but its real name was Oak View. From it, the
+suburb, Cleveland Park, derives its name.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-111.jpg" width="400" height="519" alt="William Marbury" title="William Marbury" />
+<span class="caption smcap">William Marbury</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>Mr. Cleveland, in his second administration, used Woodley for his summer
+home. It had been a part of the Rosedale tract, and the house was built
+by Philip Barton Key, a brother-in-law of Colonel Forrest, for he also
+had married a Miss Plater.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Key moved out of town and resided at Woodley, where he dispensed
+lavish hospitality until his death in 1817. Thomas Plater also had moved
+out from George Town and lived near by. He was the executor for Philip
+Barton Key. After Mr. Key's death, his widow went back into town and
+took up her residence on the corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st)
+Streets.</p>
+
+<p>After Colonel Forrest left the house on Bridge (M) Street, it was bought
+by William Marbury, who had come to Georgetown from Annapolis. He was a
+justice of the peace, a very responsible and honorable office in those
+days. It was in connection with his reappointment to the office that the
+controversy arose which resulted in the famous law case of <span class="smcap">Marbury</span>
+<i>versus</i> <span class="smcap">Madison</span>, as James Madison, in his capacity as Secretary of
+State to Thomas Jefferson, was the Madison involved. The prominence of
+the case was because it was the first of those great opinions handed
+down by Chief Justice John Marshall in which he decided that the Supreme
+Court has the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 310px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-113a.jpg" width="300" height="346" alt="Philip Barton Key" title="Philip Barton Key" />
+<br /><span class="caption smcap">Philip Barton Key</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 310px;">
+<img src="images/illus-113b.jpg" width="300" height="346" alt="Mrs. Philip Barton Key (Elizabeth Plater)" title="Mrs. Philip Barton Key (Elizabeth Plater)" />
+<br /><span class="caption smcap">Mrs. Philip Barton Key<br />(elizabeth plater)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p style="clear:both;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>In 1814 Mr. Marbury became the first president of the Farmers and
+Mechanics Bank when it was organized; its cashier being Clement Smith,
+who, after the presidency of Thomas B. Beall, from 1817-1821, became the
+third president, and the only one in the history of that institution to
+be promoted to that office. Not many years ago, Mr. Marbury's picture,
+in his old-fashioned costume, was printed on the bank checks to impress
+the public with the antiquity of the institution.</p>
+
+<p>He was a very imposing looking gentleman, as was his son, John Marbury,
+who was eight years old when the family moved to Georgetown. Some years
+ago, one of his great-grandsons heard the family talking about
+"Grandfather's Bourbon nose." A little later he was found standing,
+gazing intently at the portrait of the old gentleman, and when asked,
+"Why such sudden interest?" he replied, "Where is the 'burb' on his
+nose?"</p>
+
+<p>John Marbury married and lived for some years on Gay (N) Street, near
+Market (33rd) Street. After his father's death, he moved to the old
+house on Bridge (M) Street in order to keep his mother company. He had a
+very large family, seven sons and six daughters. All of the daughters
+attended Miss English's Seminary, walking to and from school all winter
+wearing low-necked and short-sleeved dresses, covered only by a little
+cape. Not a case of poverty, I assure you, but of fashion! I was told
+this not long ago by a descendant, and of how they used to have to melt
+their gum shoes to get them on in cold weather. I think the names of a
+trio of their friends very amusing&mdash;Jerry Berry, Hetty Getty, and Jimmy
+Finney.</p>
+
+<p>The house had a large garden in the rear and spacious rooms where they
+entertained a great deal. Not long ago,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> I saw a fascinating drawing of
+a party in Georgetown in the fifties. It represented four musicians
+intent upon playing a bass viol, a cello, a violin, and a flute; a few
+of the company standing near by with curls and puffed coiffures, and
+among them a tiny man, side-whiskered, so short that he barely reached
+the shoulders of the ladies. He must, of course, have been Prince
+Iturbide. There was never anyone quite like him. He was a Mexican, here
+in the diplomatic service, and had married Miss Alice Green, a
+granddaughter of Uriah Forrest.</p>
+
+<p>At a party one evening at the Marbury's, a dispute arose between him and
+Baron Bodisco, the Russian Minister, who was also a resident of
+Georgetown. It ended in the prince calling the baron a liar, whereby the
+baron immediately knocked Prince Iturbide down. The little prince sprang
+onto a sofa and bounced up and down, shouting over and over again, "He
+knocked an Iturbide down; he knocked an Iturbide down!" as if he
+expected Mr. Marbury to straightway haul the baron off to be beheaded,
+at least. It was the last party given at the old house for many a day,
+as Mr. Marbury considered that they had been disgraced by their guests.</p>
+
+<p>Years after, when Madame Iturbide was left a widow in Mexico, the
+Emperor Maximilian wished to adopt her son, to which she gave her
+consent, but finding later that it meant complete separation from him,
+she kidnapped him and escaped to America.</p>
+
+<p>For two whole days after the Battle of Bull Run, the "Damn Yankees," as
+the Marburys called them, poured over the nearby bridge from Virginia at
+a dog-trot and dropped from exhaustion on the steps of this house and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span>
+the pavement. Mr. Marbury ordered all of the shutters to be kept tightly
+closed during that dreadful time.</p>
+
+<p>A little granddaughter of his, living there, went one day with a friend
+of hers to place flowers on the grave of a child of Jefferson Davis in
+Oak Hill Cemetery. They were arrested, and when it was discovered who
+she was, soldiers were sent to search the house. Mrs. Marbury had some
+letters from her nephews in the Confederate Army, and she hurriedly
+sewed them up in a chair, for she said the boys might be killed and she
+hated to destroy their letters. Many, many years after, on a summer day
+in the garret of an old house, not far from Leesburg, Virginia, three of
+Mrs. Marbury's great-grandchildren ripped them out of their long hiding
+place.</p>
+
+<p>Just a few doors west of this interesting old house stood another,
+somewhat smaller, which, until a few years ago, was in its original
+state of preservation. Now it has gone! It was the home of the author of
+our National Anthem. Here Francis Scott Key lived for twenty years. Here
+his eleven children were born, while he served three terms as District
+Attorney and engaged in the private practice of law.</p>
+
+<p>Everyone knows the story of how, hearing of the arrest of a friend, Dr.
+William Beanes, by the British, in the War of 1812, Mr. Key made the
+trip to Baltimore to see what he could do to help the old gentleman, who
+had done some very rash talking down in Prince Georges County. Mr. Key
+was a connection of Mrs. Beanes', who was a member of the Plater family.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Key went on board the British man-of-war, under the command of
+Admiral Cockburn, called <i>The Red Devil of the Chesapeake</i>, lying
+opposite Fort McHenry, but was told by the captain that he would have to
+spend the night on board as a bombardment was about to take place.
+Imagine his sensations all through the night&mdash;no wonder that he burst
+forth into such a poem of love for his flag when he came on deck in the
+early morning and saw it "still there!"</p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-117.jpg" width="600" height="383" alt="Home of Francis Scott Key" title="Home of Francis Scott Key" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Home of Francis Scott Key</span></div>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span>
+Poetry was only a side issue with Mr. Key. I have often thought how
+interesting it is that a man may work all the days of his life at his
+profession or vocation, and some avocation, like verse-making, may carry
+his name down to posterity; like Izaak Walton, who had an insurance
+business in London, but is remembered now only as a fisherman.</p>
+
+<p>Don't you imagine Mr. Key would have been amazed if he could have had a
+vision of the years to come, when on parade grounds all over this great
+land at sunset, every day, troops stand immovable at attention while the
+emblem of their country is being lowered for the night, and the strains
+of the music of his poem thrill all who hear it? "The Star-Spangled
+Banner" was first read by Mr. Key at a meeting of the George Town Glee
+Club.</p>
+
+<p>Francis Scott Key was a nephew of Philip Barton Key, and a vestryman,
+like his uncle, of Saint John's Church. He was a fine, humanitarian
+gentleman. In a recent book, called <i>Father Takes Us to Washington</i>, he
+is accused of having treated his dozen slaves in a terrible manner. His
+great-grandson has just come out with a refutation of such treatment and
+said that Mr. Key freed all of his slaves before his death in 1843 and
+that he was one of the founders of the American Colonization Society,
+which had for its purpose the freedom of the Negroes and their
+colonization on the West Coast of Africa. Of course, it was in James
+Monroe's administration that Liberia was founded and its capital named
+Monrovia.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-119.jpg" width="400" height="471" alt="Francis Scott Key" title="Francis Scott Key" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Francis Scott Key</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span>In later life, Francis Scott Key moved to Frederick, Maryland, where he
+lies buried. The beautiful new bridge, only a stone's throw from his
+home, bears his name. It replaces the aqueduct bridge which was built
+about 1880, and before that, there was a bridge which carried the canal
+across the river to continue on its way to Alexandria. I cannot remember
+it, but I have been told that, looking across from the Virginia side, it
+was a very picturesque sight with its long arches reaching above the
+bridge, carrying its dripping load beneath, and standing against the
+western sky, the towers of Georgetown College.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_VIII" id="Chapter_VIII"></a>Chapter VIII</h2>
+
+<h3><i>High Street, Prospect Avenue, the College, the Convent, and the
+Threlkelds</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-121-sm.jpg" alt="U"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">UP the hill from Bridge (M) Street on the east side of High Street
+(Wisconsin Avenue), a door or two above where the Farmers and Mechanics
+Branch of Riggs Bank now stands, was a fine old house where the Potomac
+Fire Insurance Company had its first home. But long before that, it was
+the home of Mrs. Caperton, whose son, Hugh Caperton, became a well-known
+lawyer here.</p></div>
+
+<p>At the present 1239 Wisconsin Avenue, where Becker's Paint Store has
+been for a good many years, was the house which Robert Peter gave to his
+eldest daughter, Elizabeth, when, at the age of sixteen, she married her
+cousin, James Dunlop, in 1787. This old letter gives some news about the
+wedding.</p>
+
+<p>It is addressed to: John Davidson, Esq., Merchant, Annapolis:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">
+George Town<br />August 17th, 1787</p>
+<p>Dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p>Without any ceremony or preamble I have undertaken to enclose you
+the measure for a pair of Stays, not that I suppose that you are to
+make them, but that you may undertake to engage Mrs. Davidson's
+interest to undertake the direction of them.</p>
+
+<p>They are for a daughter of mine who is tollerably nice, and she
+will not consent to trust the business entirely to the Stay<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span>maker,
+nor, it seems, to any other Lady in Annapolis but Mrs. Davidson, so
+that you see what a deal of trouble I have brought her into, by
+having often observed in my daughter's hearing how that Mrs.
+Davidson seemed to me to be in all things about her Family, in
+short the Girl has taken it into her head that she is old enough to
+become a wife, and does not only beg of Mrs. Davidson to direct as
+to her Stays, but wishes she would take the trouble of procuring
+some Paterns of silks fit and suitable for what they call a Wedding
+Gown, with the prices paid or annexed to the Patterns, and when the
+choice is made I suppose the next favor will be of Mrs. Davidson to
+direct as to the making of it. Mrs. Davidson must take the cause of
+all this trouble to herself, for if she did not merit the charge
+she would not have had the trouble. I am just now interrupted by
+receiving a further commission, to wit for a crepe cushion made by
+the best and most fashionable Barber in Annapolis, and a lock of
+the color wanted is enclosed. I want everything good and
+fashionable, but you know we old Fellows like everything as cheap
+as they can be got to have them good. I leave everything to yours
+and Mrs. Davidson's good management, but, at the same time, it
+would appear as if there was some expedition. The samples and
+prices of the silk I will be obliged by your sending by post, the
+Stays and Cushion perhaps you may be able to forward by Miss Patty
+Lingan who will be coming down in nine or ten days, as I am
+informed. I am just now tortured with black guard consignment
+business and therefore I conclude by remaining Your Very Humble
+Servant,</p>
+
+<p class="right smcap">Robert Peter.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>They were married in October and had eight children, all but one of whom
+lived to maturity.</p>
+
+<p>In 1792, five years after their marriage, James Dunlop bought an estate
+of 700 acres known as "Hayes," seven miles out in Montgomery County;
+this later became their permanent residence. It had been built in 1762
+by the Reverend Alexander Williamson, rector of Rock Creek<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> Church (now
+St. Paul's), until he resigned in 1776, being a Tory. In history, he is
+called the "Sporting Parson" because of his love for fox-hunting and
+cock-fighting.</p>
+
+<p>The back lawn of this house was the bowling green and the old balls are
+still in the attic there. Also, there is still there an old rose bush
+bearing small white roses, which was planted by Elizabeth Peter Dunlop.
+This was my summer home when I was a girl and is now in possession of my
+eldest brother.</p>
+
+<p>Just above number 1239 is the crook in High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+and, until a few years ago, I never knew why it was that way: actually,
+it follows the line of the grant of the Rock of Dumbarton, which was
+surveyed that way. The reason the streets on the west side of High
+Street (Wisconsin Avenue) don't match those on the east side is because
+they were laid out by different owners.</p>
+
+<p>Just about here is the Aged Woman's Home, standing high above the
+street. It was founded in 1868 with a gift of $15,000 from Mr. W. W.
+Corcoran. It houses fourteen women. In all these years there have been
+only three Presidents of the Board: Mrs. Beverley Kennon, Miss Emily
+Nourse, and the present one, Mrs. Louis Freeman. The back part of the
+house is what is left of the home of John Lutz, who had a good deal of
+land around his house when he built it nearly two hundred years ago.</p>
+
+<p>In days gone by, the Aged Woman's Home was partly supported by
+contributions collected by women who were members of the Benevolent
+Society, who went from door to door with a book in which amounts to be
+given were subscribed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the southeast corner of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and Gay (N)
+Street, just above here has been conducted, since 1861, the grocery
+business of H. W. Fisher and Son, first was the grandfather, known as
+Henry, whom I remember, with a long grey beard; then his son of the same
+name, known as Wellen, and now his son, Henry. I am told by an old
+resident that the first telephone in Georgetown was in the Fisher's
+store, as it is known, and that when people wanted to phone, they went
+there and used it.</p>
+
+<p>I was fed from Fisher's all my young life, and I imagine my father was
+one of their best customers, as he had eleven children and multitudes of
+relatives in Maryland and Virginia, who came to stay whenever they
+wished to visit Washington City. So you can rather imagine the
+consternation of the elder Mr. Fisher when, one hot afternoon, as he was
+clearing out his crate of tomatoes just before closing time and, as was
+the custom in those long ago days, picked up a large, over-ripe one and
+threw it out, as he supposed into the gutter, that, instead, it landed
+on the stiff "boiled shirt" bosom of Mr. George T. Dunlop! I never knew
+of this occurrence until I was told of it many years after by Mr. Wellen
+Fisher, who said his father always said it never made any difference to
+Mr. Dunlop.</p>
+
+<p>On the other side of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), coming up from
+Bridge (M) Street, on the corner was the hardware store of Edward M.
+Linthicum; later Henry Addison had a dry goods store there.</p>
+
+<p>A little farther up, in the nineties, was Joe Schladt's, the saloon of
+the Town. We all knew about it, but, of course, no lady ever entered it.
+There were, however, three or four very well-known gentlemen who entered
+it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span> very frequently, and had a good deal of difficulty reaching their
+homes every evening.</p>
+
+<p>Then we come to 1254 Wisconsin Avenue, Stohlman's, which, ever since
+1820, has dispensed a very different form of refreshment&mdash;ice cream.
+First it was Arnold's Bakery, then, in 1845, the business was sold to
+Mr. and Mrs. May; then, in 1865, to Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Stohlman, she
+being the niece of Mrs. May; then to J. William Stohlman, father of the
+present owner by the same name, and they are still serving the "&eacute;lite of
+Georgetown" not only with ice cream, but other dainties. Back in my
+girlhood it was "quite the thing" to go down to Stohlman's and have a
+saucer of ice cream in the back parlor at one of the little
+marble-topped tables.</p>
+
+<p>Right next door is Forrest Hall. Here, at one corner of the property,
+was one of the original stones marking the northern border of Georgetown
+when it was surveyed, No. 46. On this lot stood the Union Bank and then,
+in 1855, Bladen Forrest, (not a descendant of Colonel Uriah Forrest),
+built this large and very good-looking building.</p>
+
+<p>The enlisted men of the battalion of the Second U. S. Infantry were
+quartered in Forrest Hall for a time at the beginning of the Civil War.
+Later it was used as a hospital for Union soldiers. After that, the
+Georgetown Assemblies were held there for several years, and various
+other affairs. I remember a fete called a "Chocolat&egrave;re" when I was a
+little girl, and going to it with my mother, and seeing three pretty
+girls dressed in Japanese costume singing "Three Little Girls from
+School Are We." I think that was not so very long after the <i>Mikado</i>
+made its debut.</p>
+
+<p>On the northwest corner of High Street (Wisconsin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> Avenue) and Prospect
+Street, the building which has an interesting cornice and roof is where
+W. W. Corcoran started his career, in the dry goods business.</p>
+
+<p>Just beyond was a market; I think it was called a "Farmers' and
+Butchers' Market," an offshoot of the old Market on Bridge (M) Street. I
+remember going there when I was a little girl with my mother, and her
+buying vegetables from a Dutch woman, Mrs. Hight. I have always
+remembered her rosy, smiling face, and her stall of gay, vari-colored
+vegetables. She had a farm out on the Rockville Pike, and I think of it
+sometimes when I pass.</p>
+
+<p>High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) nowadays has become the center of antique
+shops, there are many of them, also now there are dress shops and
+accessories of all kinds.</p>
+
+<p>Then we go along Prospect Street, which was named for the tract of land
+belonging to Benjamin Stoddert, called "Pretty Prospect."</p>
+
+<p>On the corners of Potomac Street are two quaint, little houses. On the
+southeast corner of Frederick (34th) and Prospect Streets stands an
+apartment house, which, before a false front was added a few years ago
+when it was converted, was the dignified brick house where Benjamin
+Stoddert lived and entertained in most hospitable style.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-127.jpg" width="600" height="385" alt="Benjamin Stoddert's House" title="Benjamin Stoddert's House" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Benjamin Stoddert's House</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>He named his home "Halcyon House," and what a suitable and lovely name
+for one in his business, and one who had settled here after his service
+in the Revolution. For the halcyon was a fabled bird, whose nest floated
+upon the sea. It had the power of charming winds and waves, hence,
+"halcyon days" are days of tranquillity and peace. He had married
+Rebecca Loundes, the daughter of Christopher Loundes, of Bladensburg.
+They had sev<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span>eral children. Mrs. Stoddert writes thusly of them on a day when they
+must have been particularly trying:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >I wonder that you can be so anxious to see my children, for a
+parcel of rude, disagreeable brats as ever was born, except the two
+youngest.</p></div>
+
+<p>She writes another letter on the 15th of December, 1799, in which she is
+evidently condoling with someone, and says she "hopes Nancy was not
+disappointed at having a fine girl;" she is sure of "Richard's feelings
+on the subject, for the men always are, if they would but own it, after
+having one daughter, all but sons are unwelcome." She goes on to say,
+"But they may comfort themselves, but I will be security that the next
+one will be a son."</p>
+
+<p>What marvelous necromancy this lady must have possessed&mdash;in her own
+opinion&mdash;worth a gold mine if it could really be true!</p>
+
+<p>From his southern dormer windows, tradition says, Major Stoddert used to
+watch with his telescope for the coming of some of those ships that he
+and Colonel Forrest and Colonel Murdock sent out across the ocean.</p>
+
+<p>On May 17, 1798, he was appointed Secretary of the Navy, being the first
+to hold that position, and so remained until March 1, 1807.</p>
+
+<p>On May 29, 1800, he wrote thusly from Philadelphia (where he was engaged
+by his cabinet duties), to his near neighbor, John Templeman, on the
+corner just one block west of him, the old house which stood for so
+many, many years unoccupied:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p>The Pres. will be at Washington by the time you receive this, or a
+day or two after. He proposes to stay but a little<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span> while. I wish
+he would remain longer. This and other good things will depend on
+the manner of employing his time. I request, therefore, that
+setting Bashfulness at defiance, you will urge the Pres. to go to
+the balls, to ride with you in your coach, and to get Mr. Scott at
+least to go with you. Let the Pres. be pleased with the attention
+and with the country.</p>
+
+<p>I am resp. yrs.,</p>
+
+<p class="right smcap">Ben Stoddert.</p>
+
+<p>Barring accidents, I expect to be in Geo. Town the 14th of June.</p></div>
+
+<p>After Benjamin Stoddert's death, this house was given by William Whann
+as a wedding present to his only child, Anna Maria, on her marriage to
+Benjamin Mackall, the son of Leonard Mackall. Their son, General William
+W. Mackall, was a graduate of West Point in the class with General
+Grant. He served with distinction in the Mexican War and later in the
+Confederate Army. Shortly after the close of the Civil War, General
+Grant gave a reception at the White House to the Aztec Society, composed
+of officers who served in the War with Mexico and their descendants.
+General Mackall went to it clad in his grey uniform and was most
+cordially received by his old comrades.</p>
+
+<p>Still later than the Mackalls, this house was occupied by Mr. Martineau,
+Minister from the Netherlands, and then by the Pairo family.</p>
+
+<p>To return to Mr. Templeman's house which he built about 1788. He was
+president of the Bank of Columbia; also an owner of ships, and, as a
+side issue, had:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">
+<span class="indenttwo">For Sale&mdash;At John Templeman's Store.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Whisky, Firkin Butter, Linseed Oil, and Flour.</span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">George Town&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;June 20, 1800.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Those ships which carried tobacco across 3,000 miles<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span> of ocean didn't
+fill their holds with bricks as ballast on the way back, as we used to
+be told; there were too many better things needed here. And there was
+plenty of clay right here to burn brick. Even in the early days of
+Jamestown there were brick factories of which there are records and
+"English Brick" meant made by specifications of English brick.</p>
+
+<p>The Templeman family lived here for three generations until the Civil
+War. Then it belonged to Franklin Steele, whose three daughters were
+Mrs. Morris, Mrs. Arthur Addison, and Mrs. Edward Macaulay.</p>
+
+<p>"Old Mrs. Morris," as she was called, lived there many years alone and
+was always complaining to my father that the new building of the Capital
+Traction Company was undermining her house and was knocking it down. It
+still stands firm. It was finally "done over" a few years ago, and
+eventually bought by James E. Forrestal, when he became Secretary of the
+Navy, and was still his home when he resigned as our first Secretary of
+Defense, and then ended his life tragically May 12, 1949, by leaping
+from a window of the Naval Hospital at Bethesda.</p>
+
+<p>The house was leased for two or three years to the Government and called
+"Prospect House." It was used by the State Department as a "guest
+house," where such honored persons as the Shah of Iran, Monsieur Vincent
+Auriol, President of France, and several Presidents of Latin American
+countries, and other officials, stayed. The State Department often used
+it for dinner parties. Its garden which used to be terraced down to the
+river, and quaint little gazebo are still lovely. It has recently been
+purchased by Representative Thurmond Chatham of North Carolina.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-131.jpg" width="600" height="382" alt="Home of Dr. Charles Worthington" title="Home of Dr. Charles Worthington" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Home of Dr. Charles Worthington</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span>Just across from Mr. Templeman's house on the northeast corner is one of
+the loveliest houses left in Georgetown. It stood for many years
+unchanged and unoccupied until a few years ago, when it was bought by
+Sir Wilmott Lewis, the representative in Washington for a long time of
+the <i>London Times</i>.</p>
+
+<p>It was built by John Thomson Mason, (not General John Mason, whose home
+was on Bridge Street). It was acquired in 1810 by Dr. Charles
+Worthington, who came to George Town in 1783 from Sumner Hill in Anne
+Arundel County. He previously owned a house on the southwest corner of
+Bridge (M) and Market (33rd) Streets, and, later on, bought this house.
+He called his home "Quality Hill." His family lived there for many years
+until about 1856, when they moved up to the Heights and bought a house
+on Road Street. The family of James Kearney lived there then, until
+about twenty years ago. Dr. Worthington was one of the original members
+of Saint John's Church and first president of the District of Columbia
+Medical Society.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Charles Worthington was an austere man, very dignified and serious.
+To his latest day, he dressed in the old style; his hair in queue, knee
+breeches, long stockings, and buckles on his shoes. He drove a
+coach-and-four when going to his country place out on the Seventh Street
+Road near Brightwood. He was a man of great ability and zeal. He lived
+to be 76 years old, having practiced medicine 55 years. His son,
+Nicholas, followed in his profession.</p>
+
+<p>Another block westward on this street stood Prospect Cottage, a charming
+little home where Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth lived in the sixties and
+wrote her many<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> novels&mdash;one for every year of her life. This house was
+for a time the home of the League of American Pen Women.</p>
+
+<p>Just about a block northward stands Holy Trinity Catholic Church,
+referred to sometimes in old newspapers as The Roman Church. The present
+large edifice, facing on Lingan (36th) Street, was first built in 1849,
+but the original church is the small building at the back of it, high up
+from First (N) Street. The earliest marriage recorded there is April 6,
+1795; the first baptism, May 14, 1795, signed by Reverend Francis Neale,
+S. J., who was the first pastor. But the lot had been purchased some
+years before by Bishop Carroll.</p>
+
+<p>The building was erected by Alexander Doyle, putting in his own means in
+addition to contributions from others. This church was virtually owned
+by the college and was used for the college commencements until 1832.</p>
+
+<p>Georgetown College, now a university, stands like a fortress at the
+western boundary of the town. Its lovely chimes float out over the town
+at every quarter of the hour. Only one of the original buildings in old,
+red brick still stands behind the grey stone modern halls. The north
+building was put up first, and by 1797, students began to lodge in it.
+There were 57 boarders at that time. The college was opened in 1789&mdash;its
+founder being John Carroll, a member of the famous Maryland family, who
+was consecrated Bishop at Lulworth Castle in England, but returned
+immediately to this country. There is a fine seated statue of him just
+in front of the main building. In 1806 it passed under the control of
+the Jesuits, and in 1815, it was raised to the rank of a university. The
+obser<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span>vatory of Georgetown, founded by Reverend James Curley in 1842, is
+one of the oldest in this country.</p>
+
+<p>In 1830 Jonathan Elliot wrote of the college:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >On entering the College, every pupil shall pay ten dollars. He
+shall bring a mattress, a pillow, two pillow cases, two pairs of
+sheets, four blankets and a counterpane, or pay $6.00 per annum for
+the use of bed and bedding. He must also bring with him one suit of
+clothes, as a uniform&mdash;which is in winter a blue cloth coat and
+pantaloons with a black velvet waistcoat; in summer white
+pantaloons with a black silk waistcoat are used. He must likewise
+bring with him two suits for daily wear, for which no particular
+color is prescribed; six shirts, six pairs of stockings, six pocket
+handkerchiefs, three pairs of shoes, a hat and a cloak or great
+coat, also a silver spoon. These articles if not brought by the
+student will be furnished by the College and included in the first
+bill.</p>
+
+<p>The pension for board, washing, mending and mending materials, use
+of books (philosophical and mathematical excepted), pens, ink, and
+writing paper, slates and pencil, is $150. Medical aid and
+medicine, unless parents choose to run the risk of a doctor's bill
+in case of sickness, $3.00 per annum. All charges must be paid
+half-yearly in advance.</p>
+
+<p>With regard to pocket money it is desired that all students should
+be placed on an equality and that it should not exceed 12-1/2 cents
+per week; and whatever is allowed must be deposited in the hands of
+the directors of the College. Half-boarders are received on the
+usual terms, viz. $5 entrance and $65 for board per annum.</p>
+
+<p>Day scholars $5 for fuel and servants, as no charge is made for
+tuition. The College has been established 45 years and not a single
+death has taken place among the students.</p></div>
+
+<p>This was in spite of the fact that the young men, winter and summer,
+washed at the pump!</p>
+
+<p>Early in 1861 several volunteer regiments, including the 69th New York
+and the 79th Pennsylvania Regiments,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span> arrived in Georgetown. The 69th
+was mustered into service in the grounds of Georgetown College, where it
+was afterwards quartered. The 79th Pennsylvania Regiment was clad in
+their distinctive Scottish kilts, plaids, and striped stockings, and had
+a band of pipers at their head.</p>
+
+<p>The Georgetown College students showed where their sympathies were by an
+ostentatious display of a badge fastened upon the lapel of the
+coat&mdash;tri-color for the Union, and blue for disunion.</p>
+
+<p>Just west of the college used to be a pond which was a very popular
+resort for skaters in the winter season.</p>
+
+<p>Not far away is another well-known Catholic institution, for the
+education of the other sex&mdash;the oldest Visitation Convent in the
+country&mdash;having on its list of alumn&aelig; many well-known names.</p>
+
+<p>When Father Neale came from Philadelphia to George Town in 1798 to
+become president of the college, he found living on Fayette (35th)
+Street, near by, three ladies belonging to the Order of Poor Clares.
+This order was founded in Assisi long ago by Sister Clare, a devoted
+friend of Saint Francis of Assisi, and is similar to the Franciscans.
+The three ladies were members of the French nobility who had been driven
+from their convent in France during the Revolution in 1793 and, coming
+to this country, had set up a little convent not far from the college.
+They attempted to keep a school as a means of support, but had a very
+difficult time. Once, it is told, they were reduced to such poverty that
+they had to sell a parrot, which they had as a pet, in order to save
+themselves from starvation. These women, barefooted, according to the
+rule of their order, came of noble blood and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> had been born to luxury.
+One of them was Mary de la Marche, who advertised in the newspaper
+salves and eyewashes for sale.</p>
+
+<p>In 1799 Father Neale sent back to Philadelphia for three devoted
+religious friends from Ireland, who wished to found a convent. They were
+Alice Tabor, Maria McDermott, and Louise Sharpe. For a few months they
+boarded with the Poor Clares, but a little later Father Neale bought a
+house and lot nearby and installed them in it. They became known as The
+Pious Ladies. On May 18, 1801, Mary de la Marche advertised the two
+houses of the Poor Clares for sale, but apparently they did not sell
+them at that time, for, in 1804, after the death of the Abbess, Madame
+de la Rochefoucault, who succeeded her, sold the convent to Bishop
+Neale, and the remaining ladies returned to France.</p>
+
+<p>The Pious Ladies slowly increased in numbers, keeping their school and
+struggling against poverty, all the time endeavoring to become
+established as members of the Visitation Order. At last their hope and
+ambition came to pass, and, in 1816, they were regularly established as
+the Georgetown Visitation Convent.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street from the Convent grounds, a lovely big meadow until it
+was partly taken over in World War II for a housing project, are the
+Volta Bureau for the Deaf and two interesting houses.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor, the daughter of Alexander Graham Bell, has very
+kindly given me this wonderful letter about them:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >My grandfather, Alexander Melville Bell, lived on the corner of
+35th Street and Volta Place in the house since occupied by Mr.
+Walter Lippman, (but not at present).</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span>
+Following my father's removal to Washington in about 1879, his
+father and mother changed their residence from Brantford, Ontario,
+to Georgetown. With them were their three nieces, the Misses
+Symonds, who were my father's double cousins. At the back of the
+35th Street property was an old stable which my father converted
+into a laboratory, and he carried on experiments there almost until
+the time of his death. He would come out nearly every afternoon to
+his laboratory and visit with his parents before returning home in
+the evening.</p>
+
+<p>It was also our custom to have dinner with my grandfather and
+grandmother on Sundays. They were very jolly times and my
+grandfather always had a jar of candy for the grandchildren and
+games which we could all play. He was very popular with all the
+young people, being jolly, and looked a little like the usual idea
+of Santa Claus, with his gray beard and hair.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly after my grandfather came to live in Georgetown, his
+brother, Mr. David Charles Bell and Mrs. Bell, followed him from
+Brantford to Washington and bought the house next door. With them
+at that time, keeping house for them, was Miss Aileen Bell. She was
+noted in the family as having turned down Bernard Shaw's offer of
+marriage in her young days, Bernard Shaw having been a great friend
+of her brother, Mr. Chichester Bell, and having visited with the
+family when they lived in Dublin, Ireland. Mr. David Bell had in
+his young days moved to Dublin to carry on the career of his
+father, Alexander Bell, as a teacher of elocution. His wife had a
+school for young ladies. Another son of the family was Mr. Charles
+J. Bell, later president of the American Security and Trust
+Company, who later married my mother's sister, Roberta Hubbard, and
+came to reside in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. David Charles Bell was a very handsome man, but very irascible,
+and the young people were quite afraid of him. He and his brother
+had numerous vehement arguments as to whether Shakespeare or Bacon
+wrote Shakespeare's plays. My grandmother was eleven or twelve
+years older than her husband, so my grandfather did most of the
+marketing, and I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span> understand it used to be quite a sight on
+Saturday morning to see the two old gentlemen, Mr. David and Mr.
+Melville Bell, going to market with baskets over their arms.
+Notwithstanding all their arguments, they were very devoted to each
+other.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Aileen Bell was very musical and was one of the founders of
+the Friday Morning Music Club and other musical clubs. She was the
+organist and choir leader in Christ Church, Georgetown. She was
+always very punctilious in her attendance and I remember her
+talking about her church.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bell and their family also used to come out on
+Sundays to see their parents, but they usually came to supper. The
+family as a whole were very devoted. Mr. Chichester Bell, you may
+recall, was the co-inventor with my father and Mr. Tainter of the
+phonograph. The wax records that are used today are their invention
+and their company, the Columbia Phonograph Company, operated under
+their patents.</p>
+
+<p>After my grandfather's death, the house came into my father's
+possession, and he gave it to the American Association to Promote
+the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf, now called the Volta Speech
+Association. It was used for a time as the home of the
+Superintendent. My father still continued to use his laboratory.
+Some years later, when the Association needed money, it was sold
+and the proceeds used to carry on the work of the Association. My
+father was very much interested in the work of the Volta Bureau and
+one winter, when my mother was away, he lived at the Volta Bureau,
+compiling some of his scientific data. He had a way when he became
+absorbed in work of forgetting to eat or sleep, and the person that
+brought his dinner tray would often find his luncheon tray
+untouched.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-139.jpg" width="400" height="513" alt="John Threlkeld" title="John Threlkeld" />
+<span class="caption smcap">John Threlkeld</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Just north of the convent grounds is the site of the estate of Berleith,
+which had been built by Henry Threlkeld. He had, in 1751, married Mrs.
+Mary Hopkins, a daughter of Dr. Gustavus Brown of Maryland, and widow of
+Reverend Matthew Hopkins. Henry Threlkeld died in 1781, his widow in
+1801. Their one child, John, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span> married in 1787 to Elizabeth Ridgely,
+of Maryland. Two years before his marriage he visited England, one
+object of his trip being to secure a legacy which he converted into gold
+and brought back with him. He landed in England at Dover, which he
+described as being "about the size of George Town," the voyage having
+taken nearly two months&mdash;from October 6th to December 3rd. In his
+journal he wrote of having gone to the House of Commons to hear "Mr.
+Pitt open the budgett, Mr. Fox followed, and then Mr. Sheridan replied
+to Mr. Pitt."</p>
+
+<p>Of John Threlkeld, an old paper states that "he was well and very widely
+known as a fine scholar and a man of great benevolence." He was mayor of
+George Town in 1793 and a personal friend of Thomas Jefferson. He was
+remembered as a handsome figure on horseback, even in his late years,
+and his love of following the hounds is a family tradition. The comments
+made by him in this connection during his stay in England are
+interesting. After describing the journey by coach past fine estates
+with "one-half the fields as green as spring with grass," he added, "and
+but one horse have I seen in the course of thirty miles at pasture, and
+here I must take notice of their boasting in America of their hunters
+leaping the five-bar gates." He goes on to explain how the measurements
+were taken, and concludes, "but still their horses vastly surpass ours."</p>
+
+<p>John and Elizabeth Threlkeld had four children, but the only son died in
+infancy, so the name disappeared, and the family is represented only by
+the descendants of their daughter, Jane, who married John Cox.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-141.jpg" width="400" height="496" alt="Colonel John Cox" title="Colonel John Cox" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Colonel John Cox</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_IX" id="Chapter_IX"></a>Chapter IX</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Along First Street (N) from Cox's Row to High Street (Wisconsin Ave.)</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-142-sm.jpg" alt="O"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">ON the northeast corner of First Street (N) and Frederick (34th) Street
+stands the row of houses which John Cox built. Colonel Cox was for many
+years most prominent in all the affairs of Georgetown, serving as its
+Mayor longer than any other one man from 1823 to 1845&mdash;22 years. John
+Cox was of English descent. He was born in 1775 during the Revolution,
+was the youngest of four children, and being left an orphan as a small
+child, was raised by an uncle who was a banker in Baltimore. He later
+lived for a while in Philadelphia, and from there came to Georgetown. He
+first married Matilda Smith, a sister of Clement Smith, well known as
+the first cashier of the Farmers' &amp; Mechanics Bank, later its president.
+They had three children, one of whom was named Clement. By his second
+marriage to Jane Threlkeld he had seven children.</p></div>
+
+<p>In the War of 1812 he served as a Colonel. He was a large property owner
+in Georgetown, besides being a well-to-do merchant. He built the row of
+houses on First (N) Street, called by his name and lived for a while in
+the house on the corner. That must have been during the period of his
+first marriage, for after Jane Threlkeld became his wife they built a
+lovely house on part of the Berleith estate, next door to the old
+Threlkeld which had been burned, and called it The Cedars. It stood
+where the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span> Western High School now stands, and it is difficult to
+realize now that there, in my memory, was a home surrounded by a mass of
+trees and vines and was most delightfully private and charming. It was a
+quaint and lovely old cream-colored mansion, a portico on its north
+front, two long piazzas as usual, along the south side of the house. In
+later years I myself went there to the private school kept by the Misses
+Earle, whose father, George Earle purchased the place.</p>
+
+<p>Colonel Cox was celebrated as a dandy. "He would saunter down town in
+silk stockings and pumps, not getting a spot upon himself, while other
+men would be up to their ankles in mud, for in those days there were no
+pavements." Stepping-stones were placed at the corners of the streets
+standing rather high above the roadway to facilitate the pedestrians.</p>
+
+<p>Colonel Cox had moved up to The Cedars when, as mayor in 1824, it fell
+to his lot to act as host for Georgetown to the Marquis de Lafayette,
+when he made his famous visit.</p>
+
+<p>A new arrival was imminent in the Cox family, so it was not advisable to
+have the party, which he wished to give, at his home. Consequently, he
+used one of these houses which was vacant at that time, number 3337; had
+it furnished from top to bottom, his eldest daughter, Sally, acting in
+her mother's place as hostess for the distinguished party invited to
+meet the hero of the hour.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that one young lady in her enthusiasm fell upon her knees
+before the Marquis and impressed a kiss upon his hands. There was a
+fashion in those days of decorating the floor by painting a pattern
+around the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> edges with colored chalks&mdash;garlands of roses entwined with
+the flags of the two countries. A marvelous supper was served; it is
+said it included 600 reed birds. It is to be hoped it also included
+other things more substantial than this high-sounding but sparsely
+covered game.</p>
+
+<p>The coach of Colonel Cox was at the disposal of the honored guest during
+the period of his stay. When he made his formal entry into the District
+of Columbia, having come by way of Baltimore, he was escorted by a troop
+of cavalry from Montgomery County commanded by my grandfather, Captain
+Henry Dunlop, a Georgetonian, then farming the family plantation, Hayes,
+seven miles north of town.</p>
+
+<p>Tradition says that number 3337 had a tunnel leading to the river. Some
+such large opening was discovered when the owner excavated recently to
+make a pool in the garden. In 1860 this house was the home of William A.
+Gordon, for many years chief of the quartermaster's department. It was
+from here that his eldest son of the same name left to enter the
+Confederate Army. William A. Gordon, senior, born in Baltimore, had gone
+to the Military Academy at West Point, and while there a terrible cry
+arose about the poor quality of food furnished for the cadets. Mr.
+Gordon was one of the three young men selected by the corps to go to
+Washington to interview the President on the subject. The answer he gave
+them was that he would see that conditions at the Academy were remedied,
+but his advice to them was to send in their resignations immediately, as
+there would be no career there for them after this.</p>
+
+<p>From about 1865 to 1892 Mr. and Mrs. William Laird,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> Jr., made this
+house their home. Mr. Laird was for forty years cashier of the Farmers'
+and Mechanics' Bank, and was greatly respected. When he resigned he was
+presented by the officials with a very handsome silver punch bowl, ladle
+and tray and a large silver loving cup. He died suddenly a month or two
+after giving up his business and his widow did not survive him long.
+Mrs. Laird was Anna Key Ridgely, a charming person. They had no
+children, nor had his brother, who never married, so this name, long so
+honored here, has disappeared from Georgetown.</p>
+
+<p>To return to the corner house. It was for several years the home of
+Commodore Charles Morris, one of the eminent officers of the early U. S.
+Navy. He made a remarkable record in the War with Tripoli, his earliest
+achievement being on the occasion of the recapture and destruction of
+the frigate <i>Philadelphia</i> in the harbor of Tripoli in 1804. Midshipman
+Morris, then nineteen years old, volunteered for the service and was the
+first to stand on the deck of the <i>Philadelphia</i> and commence the work
+of destruction. At the beginning of the War of 1812 he held the rank of
+lieutenant&mdash;and became executive officer of the <i>Constitution</i>, Captain
+Isaac Hull being in command.</p>
+
+<p>On the 17th of July, 1812, a very calm day, the frigate met a fleet of
+British vessels, and the enemy thought they had an easy prize, but by a
+combination of towing and kedging by means of the <i>Constitution's</i> boats
+and anchors, an extraordinary escape was made which, as Captain Hull
+stated at the time, was conceived by Lieutenant Morris. Its successful
+execution commanded the admiration of his countrymen and won the
+applause even of the British officers.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Commodore Morris was chosen to escort Lafayette back to France on the U.
+S. S. <i>Brandywine</i>, and while on a visit to the general his portrait was
+painted by Amy Shaffer and sent back to Mrs. Morris as a gift from the
+Marquis.</p>
+
+<p>In 1842 the property was bought by James Keith who was a great friend of
+General Washington, Mr. Keith's daughter married Mr. Forrest, and their
+son French Forrest was an officer in the United States Navy, but like
+many others in this part of the world, went into the Southern Navy
+during the Civil War. At the time of his funeral W. W. Corcoran, who was
+a very intimate friend, was a pall-bearer. In those days it was the
+style for the mourners to wear a long streamer of cr&ecirc;pe around their
+hats and hanging down a foot or two. Little Douglas Forrest, the son of
+the deceased, began to cry, saying he "wanted some funeral on his hat."
+Mr. Corcoran took him in hand and insisted that he should have his wish
+and be arrayed like the other mourners.</p>
+
+<p>In the other houses of that row lived, at number 3335, just before the
+Civil War, a family named Semmes from New Orleans who had several
+daughters considered very beautiful. Cora Semmes became the wife of
+Colonel Joseph Ives, a brilliant young engineer officer of the United
+States Army, who, although of Northern birth, espoused the Southern
+cause. He was put on General Lee's staff, and later transferred to be
+aide-de-camp to Jefferson Davis where, in Richmond he and his wife
+became prominent and useful in entertaining distinguished foreigners, as
+she was noted for her charm as well as her beauty.</p>
+
+<p>In number 3333 Judge Robert Ould resided. His father<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span> had been one of
+the founders of the Lancastrian School. Mattie Ould, whose name still is
+a synonym for grace, beauty and wit, spent her childhood here. After the
+Oulds went to Richmond this house was for a time the home of Henry
+Addison, while he was mayor. Later on the Cropleys lived in it.</p>
+
+<p>William Hunter lived for a great many years in number 3331, when he was
+Assistant Secretary of State. Women of my generation still remember him
+for his love of little children and his gifts to them of toys and
+goodies.</p>
+
+<p>Across on the southeast corner of First (N) Street and Frederick (34th)
+Street at 3340 is the house which Harry Hopkins, the great friend of
+Franklin D. Roosevelt, bought and moved to with his new wife and his
+daughter Diana, when they left the White House where they had been
+living for a year or more. This was his home at the time of his death.</p>
+
+<p>On this street used to live the Marburys before they moved to The
+Heights, and also the Wheatleys of whom there were several households in
+Georgetown in the latter part of the last century.</p>
+
+<p>A block eastward on the same side of the street is another row of
+charming old houses, built about 1800 by Colonel James Smith, "lately
+returned from the Revolutionary War." In the one on the corner of First
+(N) and Potomac Streets used to live Mrs. Gannt and her daughter Clare
+and Mrs. Gannt's sister Mrs. Smith. I think they were descendants of the
+builder of the row. Their old home was for a time occupied by Mr. and
+Mrs. Blair Thaw, the former a poet, the latter an artist.</p>
+
+<p>Third from the corner at 3259, in the middle of the 19th<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span> century lived
+Dr. Lewis Ritchie who had an extensive practice. I think he was the son
+of Dr. Joshua Ritchie. This house was the home of Hon. and Mrs. Lewis A.
+Douglas when he was the sole representative in Congress from Arizona.
+Later he was Director of the Budget and within recent years Ambassador
+to the Court of St. James. This house is now the home of Mrs. McCook
+Knox who is very well known in connection with the study of Early
+American Portraits and has been connected with the Frick Art Reference
+Library of New York since its inception. In the front room of the attic
+of 3259 were doors of rough hewn wood with old iron bolts leading into
+rooms of the two adjoining houses. The story is that in the War of 1812
+this row of houses used to be watched. A soldier would be stationed on
+the corner, but the "questionable person" never emerged, he could escape
+through the attic rooms and come out at the end of the row.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3257 is now the home of Hon. and Mrs. Richard B. Wigglesworth of
+Massachusetts.</p>
+
+<p>The old home of the Shoemaker family was at 3261. While he was Assistant
+Secretary of War it was the home of Hon. and Mrs. F. Trubee Davison and
+is now the home of Hon. and Mrs. James J. Wadsworth of New York.</p>
+
+<p>All of this part of Georgetown west of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+used to be called Holy Hill, because of the great number of Irish who
+dwelt in the neighborhood. On Saint Patrick's Day there were parades and
+fights, and all kinds of excitement.</p>
+
+<p>There were also a good many respectable colored Catholics, and near
+here, on Potomac Street, dwelt a family of Coakleys. Magdalen Coakley
+thought she was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span> the reincarnation of the Virgin Mary. She got herself
+up to look like the Virgin, in sweeping white robes and a sky-blue veil
+and cloak. She was not a very dark negress and had a fine countenance
+and striking figure. She used to go about the streets blessing little
+children and wanting to baptize them, followed, of course, by a string
+of boys making fun of her. She would go up to Trinity Church and stand
+by the door; but once she wanted to help the priest give Communion, so
+they had to forbid her coming. Of course the poor soul thought she was
+being persecuted, but she took it in a Christian manner and prayed all
+the harder, on the street and everywhere. She lived to be an old woman
+still wearing her picturesque costume.</p>
+
+<p>Her sister, Frances, was nurse for three generations for the Hein family
+whose home was at number 3249 N Street, now entirely changed by its
+modernized roof and steps.</p>
+
+<p>Samuel Hein had emigrated from K&ouml;nigsberg, Germany, as a young man, and
+had become an American citizen. He was fifty-six years in the Coast and
+Geodetic Survey, retiring as its disbursing officer. He was an ardent
+Union man, and during the four years of the Civil War kept the Stars and
+Stripes flying from one of his windows. All through the two terrible
+days after the Battle of Bull Run, when the Northern troops were
+streaming through Georgetown, Mr. Hein maintained a soup kitchen for the
+soldiers in his back yard. His wife was the daughter of John Simpson who
+lived on the corner of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and West (P)
+Streets. Her brother, James Alexander Simpson, was a rather well-known
+portrait painter. They were quite a musical and artistic family.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One son Charles Hein was an artist and had his studio in a little frame
+house still standing on 31st (Congress) behind another house, opposite
+the post office. There he took pupils. He was very picturesque in
+appearance, tall and dark, wore a drooping mustache, low collar with
+flowing black cravat and wide-brimmed black hat and cape.</p>
+
+<p>Another son Col. O. L. Hein in an interesting book called <i>Memories of
+Long Ago</i> tells this story:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >One day in the spring of 1861, as I was passing the residence of
+the pastor of St. John's Church, The Rev. Mr. Tillinghast, quite
+near our house, I was attracted by the sight of a dashing young
+Cavalry officer, who was showing off the paces of his handsome
+black charger to the Minister. I lingered nearby, greatly enjoying
+the equestrian performance, and upon its conclusion I was informed
+by the clergyman, that the name of the young officer was William
+Orton Williams, and that he was the military secretary of Lt.
+General Winfield Scott.</p>
+
+<p>In the following year I was shocked to read in a local newspaper
+the account of the trial and conviction of Williams and his cousin,
+Lt. W. G. Peter (resident of Georgetown) as spies under the assumed
+names of General W. C. Auton and Major Dunlop, of the Union Army,
+by a drumhead Court Martial, and their conviction and execution by
+hanging. In recent years I was informed by my wife's mother, Mrs.
+Ross, that she remembered Williams quite well, and that he was
+engaged to Miss Anne Lee, the daughter of General R. E. Lee; but
+that she died, on the outbreak of the Civil War. Mrs. Ross was a
+cousin of General Lee, and a freqeunt visitor at Arlington before
+the secession of Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Williams was of distinguished ancestry, the son of Capt. William G.
+Williams, a graduate of West Point of the class of 1822, who was
+mortally wounded at the Battle of Monterey, Mexico, while serving
+on the staff of General Zachary Taylor, and his mother, America
+Peter was the daughter of Thomas<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span> Peter, a prominent citizen of
+Georgetown, whose wife Martha Parke Custis was the granddaughter of
+Mrs. George Washington and an aunt of Mary Custis the wife of
+General R. E. Lee.</p></div>
+
+<p>Just next door to this house is the site where, even before 1780, stood
+the Columbian Academy of which Mr. Rogers was the principal and of which
+Dr. Balch became the head in 1781. It was a large, two-story frame
+building, having a high entrance porch, where hung the bell. It stood on
+a hill which commanded a fine view of the river from the study rooms
+upstairs. Adjacent to the schoolroom was a large garden in the middle
+of which was a jessamine arbor. Two of General Washington's nephews were
+students of the school and lived with the principal.</p>
+
+<p>Here was housed the Columbian Library which was opened in 1803. In later
+years the present building was erected but having a very different
+appearance. Here lived Hugh Caperton a well known lawyer.</p>
+
+<p>I myself lived here as a very small child when I was two or three years
+old and one of my very first memories is being dared by my brothers and
+sisters to jump off the stone wall fronting the street, about four feet
+high. I felt as if I had to jump from the Washington Monument, but I did
+it, with no ill effects.</p>
+
+<p>It was after that the home, for many years, of the Barbers. Old Mrs.
+Barber moved there with her grandchildren when she sold her home where
+the United States Naval Observatory now stands. She was the daughter of
+Major Adlum whose home was The Vineyard where the Bureau of Standards is
+now. His place was well named for he was a great horticulturist, the
+first to domesticate the Catawba grape. It grew wild in North Carolina.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_X" id="Chapter_X"></a>Chapter X</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Gay (N) Street&mdash;East to Rock Creek</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-152-sm.jpg" alt="A"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">ACROSS High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) along Gay (N) Street on the
+northwest corner of Congress (31st) is the Baptist Church which has just
+celebrated its 75th anniversary. It was originally a small frame
+building, up on a bank. The present building was erected in 1890.</p></div>
+
+<p>On the southwest corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st) Streets stood,
+not so very many years ago, an attractive old white house with long
+porches, tiers of them, across the back overlooking a garden. I think
+the present building is what it was converted into in the period that
+did the best to rob Georgetown of all its charm.</p>
+
+<p>Here, in 1795, Dr. James Heighe Blake built his home. He was a very
+eminent citizen, a member of the first vestry of Saint John's Church,
+one of the very first to advocate schools of the Lancastrian system and
+a reformatory, and the very first person to suggest a health officer for
+the City of Washington. He moved over to the city and became its third
+mayor from 1813 to 1817. His daughter, Glorvina, married William A.
+Gordon, senior, of whom I have already spoken.</p>
+
+<p>Here, at one time, lived Judge Walter Cox, grandson of Colonel John Cox.
+His wife was a daughter of Judge Dunlop. Still later, the school of Miss
+Jennie and Miss Lucy Stephenson was here, which was well attended in the
+seventies and eighties. In the spring of 1875, a roman<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span>tic elopement
+took place. A young girl of sixteen, an orphan, who was said to be "an
+heiress," went off to Baltimore very early one morning with the son of a
+minister who taught Latin in the school.</p>
+
+<p>When the pupils came that morning, they sensed the excitement and
+gathered in groups in the gallery. Eventually, the news leaked out and
+the chief topic was that the young lady took no baggage, not even a
+nightgown, in her flight.</p>
+
+<p>Just below here, on Congress (31st) Street, in the latter part of the
+last century lived a lady much beloved by rich and poor. She was the
+first person to conceive the idea of a diet kitchen for the needy. She
+had not much of this world's goods, so she went daily to the different
+butchers who gave her scraps of meat which she cooked, and had
+continually on hand jars of "beef tea." All the doctors knew where to
+apply when they had patients who were in need of it. She was the widow
+of Captain Charles Carroll Simms, an officer of the old navy who went
+with the Confederacy, and at the famous battle in Hampton Roads, was
+second in command of the <i>Merrimac</i>, and in command after the chief
+officer was killed. She was Elizabeth Nourse, daughter of Major Charles
+Joseph Nourse, of The Highlands.</p>
+
+<p>Next door, below Mrs. Simms' house, stands the Methodist Protestant
+Church which not long ago celebrated its one hundredth anniversary. The
+lot for it was purchased in April, 1829, but the founders for a year or
+two previous to that had been worshipping in the Presbyterian Church
+building, Saint John's or the Lancastrian schoolroom. It is now a
+Christian Science Church.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Across the street from the church, next door to the Post Office, the
+tall brick house is where a family lived which in the nineties was a
+mystery to Georgetown&mdash;the Oueston family&mdash;father, mother, and daughter.
+No one knew what was the father's business, and no one ever saw the
+mother out, but it was rumored that she came from South America, was of
+royal blood, and had a throne on which she sat, dressed accordingly. The
+daughter was known then, and for many years afterwards, as "the girl of
+a thousand curls." She was tall and slender, and her magnificent suit of
+dark hair was a mass of curls, making her head look like "a bushel
+basket." She wore ankle-length dresses of a style totally different from
+what every other girl wore: white stockings, when all of us wore black,
+and black slippers, laced up with narrow black ribbons.</p>
+
+<p>And then up to the northeast corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st)
+Streets, to the tall yellow house, now an apartment house. For many
+years it was at the home of the Snyders. Dr. John M. Snyder died at the
+age of 36, in the enjoyment of a fine reputation in his profession, of
+an unusual accident.</p>
+
+<p>The story is told by Dr. Samuel Busey, in his <i>Personal Reminiscences</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Dr. Snyder had bought a farm called "Greenwood" a little way out of
+town toward Tenallytown, and one afternoon at Dr. Busey's home,
+"Belvoir," now the Beauvoir School, was telling Dr. Busey how he
+was enjoying pruning the old oak trees on his place of dead wood.
+Dr. Busey warned him that he was engaging in a dangerous amusement
+and related the story of how a hired man of his, doing such a job,
+had had a bad fall, but, fortunately, without injury.</p>
+
+<p>Two or three days later, Dr. Busey was summoned to "Greenwood,"
+where he found Dr. Snyder dying from just<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span> such an accident. The
+branch of the tree he had been sawing off was hanging by a
+splintered sliver, too weak to support its weight and, in swinging
+to the ground, had knocked away the ladder on which Dr. Snyder was
+standing.</p></div>
+
+<p>His wife was Sophy Tayloe, a member of the well-known family of the
+Octagon House in Washington, and beautiful old Mount Airy in Virginia.
+As a widow in her old age, she had a steady admirer, a general, who came
+every afternoon at the same time in his Victoria, and took her to drive.
+I can see her now, a small, slight figure in her cape, and little black
+bonnet tied under her chin, and holding one of those quaint little
+ruffled sunshades to keep the sun out of her eyes.</p>
+
+<p>She had one daughter, Miss Annie, who had the loveliest rosy cheeks (no
+rouge in those days), who never married. One son, Bladen, was an artist,
+and he used to be a familiar sight with his camp-stool and easel on the
+streets, painting.</p>
+
+<p>Georgetown was not so "arty" in Bladen Snyder's day, unfortunately, so
+he was considered very "odd."</p>
+
+<p>The other son, Dr. Arthur Snyder, was a fine surgeon, and an ardent
+horseman.</p>
+
+<p>Not long ago I was being shown photographs of belles and beaux of the
+eighties and nineties in Georgetown. Among them were several pictures of
+the crews of the Columbia Boat Club, and one of the "four" was young Dr.
+Snyder, whose home this was.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-156.jpg" width="400" height="350" alt="Old Dr. Riley&#39;s House" title="Old Dr. Riley&#39;s House" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Old Dr. Riley's House</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>There were two boat clubs in those days which were great rivals. The
+Columbia was at the foot of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and the
+Potomac was at the foot of Congress (31st) Street. I have more
+recollections of the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span>latter, especially the dances held there on summer evenings, and the
+porch overhanging the river, with the moonlight on the water.</p>
+
+<p>We used to have tug parties, starting from there, going several miles
+down the Potomac and back, eating our supper on board and singing "My
+Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean," and "On the Road to Mandalay," which at
+that time was quite new.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street, at number 3038, is the house that I have always heard
+called "old Dr. Riley's." It was sold on the 24th of March, 1812, by
+James S. Marshall to William S. Nicholls and Romulus Riggs. Mr. Riggs
+owned the house until 1835. He was born near Brookeville in Montgomery
+County, Maryland. He was married in 1810. Somewhere between 1812 and
+1835 he went to live in Philadelphia where he was a prosperous merchant
+and influential citizen. I think it probable he lived in this house
+during some of that time and sold it to Dr. Joshua Riley.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Riley had several students of medicine whom he taught. Among them
+was Dr. Armistead Peter, Alec Williams, "the handsomest man in town,"
+and the two nephews of Baron Bodisco, who also spent much time here. His
+office, a quaint little one-story brick building, on part of his lot,
+was torn down a few years ago, to the great sorrow of us old-timers, for
+Georgetown had lost one of its most distinctive antiques.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Riley practiced medicine for 51 years and died beloved in the
+community at large as well as by his patients. He had a good word and
+pleasant salutation for everybody. He was a man of marked personal
+appearance, tall,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> slim, gaunt, awkward in manner, with a quick emphatic
+style of speech.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Riley had married a daughter of Colonel Fowler, who lived on West
+(P) Street, and on the 10th of June, 1851, his wife's niece, Juliet
+Murray was married in this dear old house to John Marbury, Jr. Dr.
+Riley's daughter, Miss Marianna, and her sister-in-law, Mrs. Riley,
+occupied this house for many years until her death, when it was sold for
+almost "a song." Since then it has been resold several times.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street, at number 3043, now the home of Vice-Admiral Laurence
+Du Bose, was the home of another well-known admiral, Theodore Wilkinson,
+when he returned from the Pacific. He and his wife started off on a
+motor trip. At Norfolk, Virginia, as they were landing from a ferry, his
+car got out of control; he signaled to his wife to jump and her life was
+saved, but he and the car ran off into deep water and he was drowned.</p>
+
+<p>The cream-colored brick house with wings out on each side, now number
+3033 N Street, is one of the very oldest houses in Georgetown. It was
+the home of Colonel George Beall, son of Ninian Beall, and bequeathed by
+him at his death in 1780 to his daughters, Elizabeth and Ann, the same
+Elizabeth who became the wife of Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch shortly after
+her father's death.</p>
+
+<p>Adjoining the house on the east was the garden. All the land between
+this house and the one at 3017, built by George Beall's son, Thomas
+Beall of George, as he always styled himself, was made his two
+"Additions to Georgetown," was part of this estate. Many years
+afterwards, the little summer house and the fruit trees were still<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span>
+there. And, as was the custom in those long-ago days, here was the
+family burying-ground. I know people who remember it. Among the
+gravestones removed to the old Presbyterian burying-ground were two
+which bore these inscriptions: "Here lieth Colonel George Beall, who
+departed this life March 15, 1780, aged 85." And the other, "Here lieth
+the body of Elizabeth Beall, who departed this life October 2, 1748,
+aged about 49 years." She was Elizabeth Brooke, daughter of Colonel
+Thomas Brooke and Barbara Dent.</p>
+
+<p>In 1809 these two sisters sold this house to John Peter, and the next
+year he sold it to Mrs. Robert Peter, who was then a widow. She came
+here to live with her younger daughter, Margaret, who had become the
+wife of Thomas Dick, of Bladensburg. Here Mrs. Peter lived until her
+death in 1821, at the age of seventy-eight. Mrs. Dick's husband had died
+while on a trip to the West Indies and had been buried at sea. She lived
+on here the rest of her life with her only child, Robert, and he lived
+there many years and died there&mdash;an old bachelor. He was buried in Oak
+Hill on Christmas Eve, 1870. During these years there was a much-beloved
+old cook, Aunt Hannah, who was famous for her gingerbread and cookies. I
+have seen her photograph "all dressed up to have her picture took."</p>
+
+<p>Robert Dick had a big black dog who always came to the gate to greet the
+newsboy and took the paper in his mouth to his master.</p>
+
+<p>After Robert Dick's death, Thomas Cox bought the place and it was the
+home of his family for a good many years. The eastern wing was put on at
+that time and used as a conservatory. Since then the house has changed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span>
+hands many, many times, and the western wing been added.</p>
+
+<p>The two houses at numbers 3025 and 3027 were built in the seventies by
+Oscar Stevens for his family and that of his brother-in-law, Dr. John S.
+Billings. Their wives were sisters, and very dependent upon each other.
+Dr. Billings was a pioneer in the introduction of indirect heating in
+buildings, and became an authority on that subject, and on ventilation.
+His textbooks on the subject were used in the Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology, and when Johns Hopkins Hospital was built, he was consulted.
+Because he had made such a fine record in creating the Army Medical
+Library, he was asked to come to New York and create the new Public
+Library there from the Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, which were
+consolidated.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street, at number 3032, where now is a large, modern brick
+house, there used to be, before I can remember, a quaint, frame
+structure. It was supposed to be one of the first houses built on the
+grant of the Rock of Dumbarton, and was intended for the "overlooker" of
+that part of the grant. It was a very plain but comfortable house, and
+was the home in the early part of the century of Hezekiah Miller who,
+like many of the gentry in those days, was in charge of government work.
+His department dealt with the Indians, and he had the distribution of
+money and supplies to certain tribes to whom he went from time to time,
+and also looked after them when they came to Washington. They always
+called him "Father Miller." Mr. Miller's wife was Miss Middleton, from
+Brooke Court Manor, in Maryland. Hezekiah Miller was a devout member of
+Christ Church. His daughter became the wife of the Reverend George
+Leakin, an Episcopal<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> clergyman of Baltimore. She was to have been a
+bridesmaid at the wedding of Harriet Williams and Baron Bodisco, but was
+prevented by the sudden death of her brother by drowning. He was one of
+twins, born just at the time of General Lafayette's arrival on his visit
+in 1824, who were named Washington and Lafayette at the request of the
+townspeople. It was the latter young man who drowned, at the age of
+twenty-five.</p>
+
+<p>Number 3028 was the home, for a long, long time of the Reads, three
+sisters. One married Dr. Post, who was a missionary to Syria, but Miss
+Jane and Miss Isabella lived here many years after. The house next door
+still has its old-time doorway, but, unfortunately, one owner in the
+eighties spoiled its quaintness by adding a corner tower. It was here, I
+think, that Dr. William Barton Rogers, first President of the
+Massachusetts Institute of Technology, lived at one time.</p>
+
+<p>The two big houses, numbers 3014 and 3017, standing opposite each other
+on this block are very closely connected in their history. The early
+part is all tied up together. Although number 3017 has been somewhat
+changed in appearance, it is still, I imagine, a good deal like it was
+when Thomas Beall built it in 1794. Of course, the street has been cut
+down and left it higher up than it originally was, and also the old
+bricks have been covered with paint, and now a modern addition has
+hidden its lovely little wing.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-162.jpg" width="600" height="380" alt="3017 N Street. The House that Thomas Beall Built" title="3017 N Street. The House that Thomas Beall Built" />
+<span class="caption smcap">3017 N Street. The House that Thomas Beall Built</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The building of this house was evidently quite an event in those days,
+for in old advertisements of the sale of houses, many of them are
+"Between the Union Tavern and Thomas Beall's house on Gay Street." John
+Laird had a frame house on the lot, immediately across the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> street, now
+number 3014, but he was becoming exceedingly prosperous and wanted a
+handsome house. He married first, Lucinda Dick, sister of Thomas Dick,
+of Bladensburg, and, after her death, her elder sister, Mary. While he
+was building his brick house at number 3014, he rented and occupied
+Thomas Beall's house. No reason is given as to why Mr. Beall was not
+occupying it himself.</p>
+
+<p>About 1800 Mr. Laird moved into his own new mansion. At that time only
+the central part of the large building was there. Several wings have
+been added and the little portico at the front door. John Laird's eldest
+daughter, Barbara, married James Dunlop, Junior, the eldest son of James
+Dunlop; and his only son, William Laird, married two of James Dunlop's
+daughters at Hayes, first Helen, by whom he had three children, William
+Laird, Jr., James Dunlop Laird, who went to California in 1848 and never
+married, and Helen Laird, who also never married. After the death of his
+first wife, William Laird, Sr., married his sister-in-law, Arianna
+French Dunlop. She was very lame, and the marriage took place only a
+short time before her death.</p>
+
+<p>The miniatures reproduced of John Laird and James Dunlop represent them
+both in scarlet coats, with lace ruffles and powdered hair.</p>
+
+<p>John Laird was always very much interested in the Presbyterian Church
+and its affairs, and his descendants have remained so.</p>
+
+<p>He came to this country at the age of seventeen and was active in
+Georgetown from its early days, and it is a pity that none of his
+children had a son to carry on his name.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 310px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-164a.jpg" width="300" height="414" alt="John Laird" title="John Laird" />
+<span class="caption smcap">John Laird</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 310px;">
+<img src="images/illus-164b.jpg" width="300" height="414" alt="James Dunlop, Senior" title="James Dunlop, Senior" />
+<span class="caption smcap">James Dunlop, Senior</span>
+</div>
+
+<p style="clear: both;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span>His son, William Laird, Jr., who had children, but no grandchildren, was
+clerk of the town for a great many years, longer than any other man. He
+is said to have had no superior as an accountant in this country.</p>
+
+<p>After John Laird's death in 1833, his house became the property of his
+daughter, Margaret. She never married, and lived there for a great many
+years with her aunt, Miss Elizabeth Dick. They were always known as
+"Miss Peggy" Laird and "Miss Betsy" Dick. My mother, as a little girl,
+remembered them. They used to sit by the front windows a great deal, and
+the turban which Miss Betsy wore on her head was, of course, very
+intriguing to a young girl in 1850. They were both almost always dressed
+in Scotch gingham of such fine quality that it seemed like silk. They
+were both ardent supporters of the Presbyterian Church and workers for
+the Orphan Asylum. Miss Betsy Dick died first, of course. Thomas Bloomer
+Balch dedicated to her one of the lectures he gave in Georgetown in the
+fifties called "Reminiscences of George Town."</p>
+
+<p>When Miss Peggy Laird died, she left the house to her sister, Barbara,
+Mrs. James Dunlop. They had been living on the southeast corner of Gay
+(N) and Greene (29th) Streets. From that time on, number 3014 was always
+known as the Dunlop house.</p>
+
+<p>Judge Dunlop was always very prominent. As a young man he was secretary
+of the Corporation of Georgetown, which fact is recorded on the keystone
+of the little bridge on High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) over the canal.
+He was for some time a law partner of Francis Scott Key, and later was
+appointed Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of the District of
+Columbia. He was holding this office at the outbreak of the Civil War
+and, being a Southerner in his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> sympathies, was, very naturally, removed
+from office by President Lincoln. An interesting thing is that about
+1915 this place was bought from the heirs of Judge Dunlop's son by
+Robert Todd Lincoln, son of President Lincoln.</p>
+
+<p>An anecdote is told of a dinner party long ago where Judge Dunlop was a
+guest, when one of the other guests was making puns on the names of all
+those present. Judge Dunlop said, "You will not be able to make one on
+my name." Quick as a flash came back the rejoinder, "Just lop off the
+last syllable and it is dun."</p>
+
+<p>Judge Dunlop and all of his brothers, except one, were graduates of
+Princeton College, he being valedictorian of his class. A portrait of
+him hangs in the courthouse in Washington. His son, William Laird
+Dunlop, lived for many years as a bachelor in the old house before his
+marriage to his cousin, Miss Sallie Peter, in Rockville. An interesting
+story is told of their neighbor, Dr. Tyler, coming home one evening and
+saying to his wife, "I'll have to go over and see what is the matter at
+Mr. Dunlop's; the house is lit up from top to bottom." When he returned,
+he was laughing heartily. "It's only that Mr. Dunlop is going to be
+married and is inspecting the house thoroughly." The bride he brought
+there was a very lovely person and very much beloved.</p>
+
+<p>William Laird Dunlop always kept up his custom of keeping his own cow
+and killing his own hogs in the fall. The little square, brick building
+covered with vines between the house and the stable was the meat house.
+It is in the garden of this house that the only remaining stone marker
+used in laying off the original George Town stands, protruding about
+eighteen inches from the ground.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Now to return to number 3017 across the street. In 1811 this house was
+bought from Thomas Beall by Major George Peter. He was the youngest son
+of Robert Peter. He was born in George Town on the 28th of September,
+1779. When only fifteen years old he joined the Maryland troops against
+the Whisky Insurrectionists (1794), but his parents sent a messenger to
+camp and General Washington, hearing of the matter, ordered him home.
+His youthful ardor was gratified five years later in July, 1799, by his
+appointment as second lieutenant of the Ninth Infantry, United States
+Army, by President Adams, and he enjoyed the distinction of receiving
+his commission from the hands of General Washington at Mount Vernon.
+While in command at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, during the administration
+of President Jefferson, he organized the first light-horse battery
+formed in the United States service, and he always referred to his
+"Flying Artillery" with a special pride, in that he was specially
+selected by President Jefferson for that purpose.</p>
+
+<p>In April, 1805, Lieutenant Peter accompanied General Wilkinson to the
+West and took part in the organization of the Territorial Government of
+Missouri. Arriving at St. Louis on the Fourth of July, he established
+the first cantonment on the banks of the Missouri at Bellefontaine and
+fired the first salute on the return of Lewis and Clarke from their
+expedition to the Pacific. He also served under General Wilkinson during
+Governor Claiborne's administration before Louisiana was admitted to the
+Union and he was present as a witness at the trial of Aaron Burr.</p>
+
+<p>At the beginning of the War of 1812, President Madison tendered him a
+brigadier-generalship, which the condition of private affairs compelled
+him to decline, but in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> 1813 he volunteered his services and commanded a
+battalion of "Flying Artillery."</p>
+
+<p>Among the privates in this battalion were George Peabody and Francis
+Scott Key, besides others who afterwards became distinguished citizens.
+In writing of this battalion, W. W. Corcoran says the list of its
+membership represented the wealth, worth, and talent of the town at that
+time.</p>
+
+<p>In 1815, he was elected to Congress from the Sixth District of Maryland,
+but his seat was contested on the ground that he was not a resident of
+the Congressional District. At that time he was a resident of Georgetown
+and a member of the Town Council, but had large farms in Maryland. The
+House of Representatives, however, decided in his favor, and admitted
+him to take his seat. He was the first Democrat ever elected to Congress
+from the Sixth District of Maryland and was re-elected in 1817, and
+again in 1828. He served several terms in the State Legislature and in
+1855 was elected by the Democratic Party a Commissioner of Public Works
+for the State of Maryland.</p>
+
+<p>He was a man six feet in height, straight as an arrow, and of splendid
+physique.</p>
+
+<p>He was married three times. His first wife was Ann Plater, daughter of
+Governor Plater of Maryland; his second, Agnes Freeland, and his third,
+Sarah Norfleet Freeland of Petersburg, Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Major Peter was one of the largest landowners and farmers in Montgomery
+County and carried on those farms up to the date of his death, which
+occurred at Montanvert, near Darnestown, June 22, 1861. He was nearly
+eighty-two.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-169a.jpg" width="300" height="426" alt="Major George Peter" title="Major George Peter" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Major George Peter</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 310px;">
+<img src="images/illus-169b.jpg" width="300" height="422" alt="Judge James Dunlop" title="Judge James Dunlop" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Judge James Dunlop</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 310px;">
+<img src="images/illus-169c.jpg" width="300" height="426" alt="William Redin" title="" />
+<span class="caption smcap">William Redin</span>
+</div>
+
+<p style="clear: both;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span>His three sons by his third marriage were: George, who became an eminent
+lawyer in Rockville; Alexander, who lived and farmed near Darnestown;
+Armistead, who practised medicine many years in Georgetown; and Walter
+Gibson Peter, who met the heroic and tragic death I have already spoken
+of. Dr. Peter had been sent to Georgetown to live with his aunt, Mrs.
+Dick, to receive his medical education under Dr. Riley.</p>
+
+<p>In 1827 George Peter sold this house, 3017 N Street, to John Laird,
+evidently for his son, William, who made it his home until 1834, when it
+was bought by Miss Elizabeth Dick, but she apparently changed her mind
+and decided to live with her niece, for she sold it the same year to
+William Redin.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Redin was an Englishman from Lincolnshire, who had come to America
+about 1817. He was an attorney, and I have heard very old people refer
+to him as "Lawyer Redin," and speak of the green baize bag which he
+always carried back and forth to his office, the forerunner of the
+present-day brief case, and I know an old lady who can remember him in
+his pew in Christ Church. He had five daughters and one son. The young
+man, Richard Wright Redin, soon after his graduation from Princeton,
+fell a victim to cholera, that terrible disease brought to George Town
+in its ships. It also carried off a young sister, Fanny, who was a
+little beauty, and only about eighteen.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Redin was a friend of Henry Foxall, and named his youngest daughter
+Catherine Foxall.</p>
+
+<p>During the Civil War, Mr. Redin was a Union sympathizer, and when
+President Lincoln removed Judge Dunlop from the bench, he offered the
+Justiceship to Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> Redin, but he refused to take the office of his old
+friend and neighbor across the street. In 1863, he was made the first
+Auditor of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>One of his married daughters was living, during the Civil War, not far
+from Culpeper, Virginia, almost on the battlefield. She died when only
+thirty-seven, from the fact that no medicines could be gotten for her;
+nor could a minister be found to bury her, so her eldest daughter,
+seventeen, read the burial service over her mother.</p>
+
+<p>There were seven of these motherless children left&mdash;the eldest three all
+very pretty girls. It was quite impossible for them to remain in their
+home, so their grandfather got permission for them to come to
+Washington. They came, wearing sunbonnets, and traveling all day long in
+a box-car from Culpeper to Alexandria, a distance of only fifty miles.
+There they had to spend the night at a hotel until they could pass
+through the lines. The Union officer in charge of them slept outside
+their door that night.</p>
+
+<p>Not very long after their arrival, Martha Kennon, of Tudor Place, came
+to see the eldest girl. They had been at school together a few years
+before, at Miss Harrover's. She suggested that they should go "over to
+the city" together. On the way down to Bridge (M) Street to take the
+omnibus, they found they had no small change to pay their fare, so
+Martha said: "Never mind, I have a cousin in a store near here. He will
+change our money or lend us some." They went to him and she introduced
+my father to my mother!</p>
+
+<p>This was the old Vanderwerken omnibus that ran along<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span> Bridge (M) Street
+and Pennsylvania Avenue, which became the Capital Traction Company, and
+now the Capital Transit Company.</p>
+
+<p>I have often heard my mother tell of how the Southern girls would not
+walk under the Stars and Stripes hanging out from the hospital in the
+Seminary. They would cross to the other side of the street, and when the
+Union officers passed, they held aside their skirts. She has also
+described to me how the city was hung with black when Abraham Lincoln
+was killed.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Redin bequeathed his house to his only unmarried daughter,
+Catherine. She married later, and sold the house in 1873 and regretted
+it bitterly, to such an extent that she went into melancholia and
+committed suicide by taking poison. For a while it was Miss Lipscomb's
+School for Young Ladies, then it was bought by John D. Smoot, and his
+family lived there many years.</p>
+
+<p>In 1915 Colonel W. E. P. French purchased the property. He leased it
+during the World War I to Honorable Newton D. Baker, then Secretary of
+War. At that time Georgetown had hardly begun to be fashionable again,
+and on first coming to Washington and hunting for a house, Mrs. Baker
+told a friend she was discouraged trying to find one with a yard where
+her three children could play, and that she thought they would have to
+go to Fort Myer. The friend answered in a tone of deep commiseration,
+"Too bad! You will have to pass through Georgetown!"</p>
+
+<p>Another anecdote of somewhat the same tone was told me by an old lady
+who has lived all her life in one of the loveliest old Georgetown
+houses. Many years ago, while the street cars were still drawn by
+horses, she was in a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span> car sitting opposite two women, one of whom was
+pointing out the sights to the other. They passed Dupont Circle, where
+she showed the Leiter house, etc., and as they crossed P Street Bridge,
+she said, "Now we are coming into Georgetown where nobody lives but
+colored people and a few white people who can't get away."</p>
+
+<p>On the next block east is a little house, entirely changed now, which
+used to be very quaint in its appearance when it was covered with white
+plaster and approached by a sort of causeway from the sidewalk. It had
+belonged to Henry Foxall, though, of course, he never lived there.</p>
+
+<p>On the southwest corner of Gay (N) and Greene (29th) Streets stands the
+house that was originally the property of John Davidson. Then Mrs.
+Williamson, a daughter of old Dr. Balch made her home here, followed by
+her daughter, Mrs. Hasle. Next door, on the west, lived the son, Joseph
+Williamson, whose wife was Marian Woods. Then the Howell family lived
+there, and from them, Colonel Harrison Howell Dodge, who was
+superintendent of Mount Vernon for over forty years, got his name. Later
+the house was rented to Mr. and Mrs. John Worthington, whose daughter,
+Lilah, married Mr. Henry Philip in April, 1865. She went to live at 3406
+R Street.</p>
+
+<p>A few years ago a gentleman who was an artist bought the house and
+changed the windows on the first floor front&mdash;to give more light for his
+studio, I was told.</p>
+
+<p>The picturesque house on the northeast corner is always called "Admiral
+Weaver's house." The back portion is very old, and "they say" there is a
+ghost somewhere about. In the spring the hedge of Japanese quince here
+is a thing of beauty with its flaming color.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the next block eastward at number 2812 is the house with a very
+beautiful doorway and a very interesting association. It was built in
+1779, and was at one time the home of Judge Morsell, but it was called
+the Decatur house. There is the Decatur house on Lafayette Square in
+Washington, but we know that Admiral Decatur's widow left it after he
+was killed in the duel with Commodore James Barron, near Bladensburg, on
+March 22, 1820, and came to live in Georgetown. Tradition has persisted
+that this was the house she lived in. These parts of two letters written
+by Mrs. Basil Hall, in 1827, are from a volume called <i>The Aristocratic
+Journey</i>, being her letters home to her sister in Edinburgh:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >January 4: ... I had a note to-night from a lady whom I had
+considerable curiosity to see, Mrs. Decatur, the widow of Commodore
+Decatur. I brought a letter to her from Mrs. MacTavish at Baltimore
+and sent it yesterday along with our cards. In this note she
+acknowledged the receipt of it, but excuses herself from calling
+upon me, "as peculiar circumstances attending a domestic affliction
+she has suffered makes it impossible for her to come to
+Washington." She asked us to spend the evening of the tenth with
+her, or any other evening that suits us better, a very kind note,
+in short, and we have promised to go on the eleventh. I knew that
+she would not return my visit before I came. The reason of this
+peculiarity is that her husband was killed in a duel, and she fears
+if she were to go into company either morning or evening she might
+meet his second, who she considers as having been very much to
+blame, or his antagonist. Now all this is very natural, and I only
+object to it because somehow she appears to have made her reasons
+too much the subject of conversation, which is very unlike real
+feeling. She sees a great deal of company at home. Her note smells
+so detestably of musk that it quite perfumes the room and was like
+to make me sick, so we had sealed it up in an envelope, but it
+shall go along with the next of the scraps.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>January 6: We have had today weather much more like June than
+January, most extraordinary for this climate, where at this season
+there is generally severe frost and snow. I went out with a cloak
+on but speedily returned and exchanged that for a silk handkerchief
+tied round my throat, which was as much as I could bear. Yesterday,
+the fifth, we walked off by eleven o'clock to visit Mrs. Decatur,
+who lives at Georgetown, which is separated from Washington only by
+a little creek, across which there is a shabby enough tumble-down
+looking wooden bridge. There is so thick a fog that we could not
+see three yards before us, "quite English weather," as our friends
+here tell us, but not disagreeable to my mind as it was very mild.
+At the door of Mrs. Decatur's house we met General Van Rensselear,
+"the Patroon," who with his wife and daughter is now here. He went
+in with us and introduced us to the lady of the mansion, who we
+found dressed in very becoming weeds, and she gave us an extremely
+cordial reception. She is a pretty, pleasing-looking person and
+very animated, with no appearance of woe except the outward sign of
+cap and gown. We sat some time with her and walked home....</p></div>
+
+<p>If only Mrs. Hall had been able to say where the house was to which they
+walked from across Rock Creek on that balmy day in January!</p>
+
+<p>These other letters which follow are written to a young man then
+beginning to make his way in the world, who certainly was possessed of a
+most attractive personality, and it is not surprising that the widow
+might have been rather "setting her cap" for him.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >My dear Mr. Corcoran:</p>
+
+<p>If you should find yourself destitute of amusement this evening,
+while the belles are at church, I beg you to come and listen to
+some of my lamentations.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Yours sincerely,</p>
+<p class="right smcap">S. Decatur.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p ><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span>My dear Mr. Corcoran:</p>
+
+<p>I am happy to say that I can take you under my wing today, on the
+way to heaven, and I pray you to call for me at ten o'clock.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Yours sincerely,</p>
+<p class="right smcap">S. Decatur.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="rdate">Union Hotel, Monday morning.</p>
+
+<p>My dear Mr. Corcoran:</p>
+
+<p>The Iturbides have deferred their visit until Wednesday evening and
+I hope you will be able to come and meet them, with your sister and
+Colonel Thomas.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Yours sincerely,</p>
+<p class="right smcap">S. Decatur.</p>
+
+<p>If you have a moment to spare this evening I pray you to come and
+tell me how your brother's family are after this dreadful alarm.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> The destruction of Mr. J. Corcoran's dwelling by fire.</p></div>
+
+<p>As we know, it was of no avail, for he seems to have remained "fancy
+free" until he met and married Louise Morris.</p>
+
+<p>About 1828 Mrs. Decatur became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church
+through her close acquaintance with the Carroll family, it is thought.
+The latter part of her life was spent in a frame house on the brow of a
+hill about one hundred yards from Georgetown College, which she rented
+from Miss Hobbs. Here she died about 1860.</p>
+
+<p>Among the souvenirs of the college is the portrait of Commodore Decatur
+by Gilbert Stuart, his ivory chess-board and men, and his jeweled
+toothpick box. The grave of Mrs. Decatur was discovered some time ago in
+the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span> cemetery of Georgetown College. It had been overgrown and neglected
+and forgotten.</p>
+
+<p>So had this part of Georgetown, until Admiral and Mrs. Spencer Wood
+bought 2808 and brought it back to its pristine glory. This house was
+built by John Stoddert Haw, nephew of Benjamin Stoddert, one of the
+founders of Christ Church, of which many of his descendants are still
+pillars. When the Woods lived here, there was at the back of the house a
+very lovely, unusual green garden, which gave a feeling of restfulness
+not always produced by a riot of glorious colors, opening off a paved
+area under a wide porch, like so many houses used to have.</p>
+
+<p>The old house at 2806 is now the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Walker. He is
+the curator of the National Gallery of Art. Thomas Beall of George sold
+the land to John M. Gannt in 1804, who may have built this lovely house.
+It was purchased by Elisha Williams in 1810; also owned by Thomas
+Robertson and Thomas Clarke in the first decade of the nineteenth
+century. In the 1920's it was the home of Mrs. Hare Lippincott.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street, at number 2723, a good many years ago, was where
+Thomas Harrison and his sister lived for a long time. Miss Virginia kept
+a little school for several years and her brother was a translator at
+the Naval Observatory until he was well up in his eighties. When he was
+over ninety he used to go out calling on Sunday afternoons, as spry as
+could be, and with his cheeks as rosy as pippins. They were a couple
+much beloved and typical of old-time days.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_XI" id="Chapter_XI"></a>Chapter XI</h2>
+
+<h3><i>The Three Philanthropists</i></h3>
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-178-sm.jpg" alt="G"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">GEORGE TOWN produced three eminent philanthropists: one whose
+benefactions were solely to Georgetown; a second, who became the
+greatest benefactor the City of Washington has ever had, and inaugurated
+the tremendous gifts to schools and colleges that have since become the
+fashion among men of great wealth; the third started his gifts at home,
+then crossed the ocean and made enormous contributions to the largest
+city in the world.</p></div>
+
+<p>The first one, Edward Magruder Linthicum, had a hardware store on the
+northwest corner of High (Wisconsin) Avenue and Bridge (M) Street, the
+business hub then, as now, of Georgetown. He was a trustee of the
+Methodist Church and member of the Town Council.</p>
+
+<p>He built the home at number 3019 P Street, which has such a beautiful
+doorway, and lived there until in 1846 he moved up on the Heights to The
+Oaks, for which he paid $11,000. William A. Gordon, in his book <i>Old
+Houses in Georgetown Heights</i>, says of him:</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-179.jpg" width="400" height="566" alt="Edward Magruder Linthicum" title="Edward Magruder Linthicum" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Edward Magruder Linthicum</span>
+</div>
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Mr. Linthicum was a prominent and prosperous merchant of the highest
+type, a man of great civic activities, and deeply interested in
+everything which tended to beautify the community. In his will by a
+legacy of $50,000 he provided for the endowment of a school for the
+free education of white boys of Georgetown in useful learning and in
+the spirit and practice of Christian virtue being, as he expressed
+it, convinced that knowledge and piety constitute the only assurance
+of happiness<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> and healthful progress to the human race and devoutly
+recognizing the solemn duty to society which develops in its
+members, and entertaining a serious desire to contribute in some
+manner to the permanent welfare of the community, amongst whom my
+life has been spent.</p>
+
+<p>As a commentary on the length to which partisan feeling went in the
+years succeeding the War Between the States, it may be stated that
+efforts to have the Linthicum Institute incorporated by Congress
+were prevented by Charles Sumner, Senator from Massachusetts, for
+the reason that the benefits were confined to white youths.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Linthicum Institute began its career in the lower floor of one side
+of the Curtis school building on P Street, opposite Saint John's Church.
+The name in large gold letters used to be there. The present building
+was erected about 1890 on the south side of O Street near 31st, the
+school occupying the lower floor, and Linthicum Hall, considered by the
+belles of the nineties to have the "best floor 'par excellence' for
+dancing anywhere," being the upper portion. I have been told it was the
+first night school in the District of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Linthicum was a very imposing looking gentleman, was married, but
+had no children. He and his wife adopted a daughter, Kate, who became
+Mrs. Dent, and I think it was in honor of her or her son that the little
+street called Dent Place, just below R and between 30th and 31st Streets
+was named when that part of Georgetown, then nicknamed "Cooke Park" was
+developed.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-181.jpg" width="400" height="563" alt="William Wilson Corcoran" title="William Wilson Corcoran" />
+<span class="caption smcap">William Wilson Corcoran</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>William Wilson Corcoran, the third son of Thomas Corcoran, was born in
+George Town on December 27, 1798, in his father's home on Bridge (M)
+Street. He attended Mr. Kirk's school, later Reverend Addison Belt's,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span>
+in between, having been for a while a day scholar at Georgetown College.</p>
+
+<p>Contrary to his father's wishes for him to complete a classical
+education, at the age of seventeen he went into a dry goods store
+belonging to his brothers, James and Thomas. Two years later they
+established him in a small store of his own on the northwest corner of
+High (Wisconsin Avenue) and First (N) Streets. Again, two years later
+they all purchased a two-story brick house on the corner of Bridge (M)
+and Congress (31st) Streets and commenced a wholesale auction and
+commission business.</p>
+
+<p>In the depression of 1823, when very many firms went to the wall, they
+too had to give up and settled with all their creditors for fifty cents
+on the dollar.</p>
+
+<p>I think the aftermath of this story (which is the reason I have given it
+in detail) is most encouraging to this generation, struggling in the
+grip of the present depression, for the young man of twenty-five, after
+giving up four or five years to taking care of the business of his
+father, who was growing old, finally became connected with the Bank of
+Columbia, and in 1837 began a brokerage business in Washington in a
+little store 10 x 16 feet on Pennsylvania Avenue near 15th Street. He
+was so successful that he eventually took into partnership George W.
+Riggs, also of Georgetown, and changed the name to Corcoran and Riggs.
+In 1845 this firm purchased the old United States Bank on the corner of
+15th Street and New York Avenue. And so the Riggs National Bank, today
+one of the strongest banks in the United States, was born. A little
+later George W. Riggs retired and Elisha, his brother, was made a junior
+partner.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In 1847 Mr. Corcoran sent to all people to whom he had been able to pay
+only 50% in his failure of 1823, the full amount due them, with
+interest, amounting to about forty-six thousand dollars, to their great
+surprise, as evidenced by letters I have read from them to him. Of all
+his great benefactions, this seems to me to have been the very finest
+thing he ever did.</p>
+
+<p>He must have been a man of very remarkable personality, witness his
+going to Europe, the first of the very, very many trips he made in his
+life, on one day's notice, and against much discouragement, persuading
+Thomas Baring of the great London banking firm of Baring Brothers, to
+assist him in a sale of five millions of government bonds. At that time
+the firm of Corcoran and Riggs took, on its own account, nearly all the
+loans made by the United States.</p>
+
+<p>On his return to New York he was greeted by everyone with enthusiasm, as
+this was the first sale of American securities abroad since 1837&mdash;eleven
+years.</p>
+
+<p>In April, 1854, Mr. Corcoran withdrew from the firm, thinking he had
+made enough money, and spent the rest of his long life of ninety
+years&mdash;forty-five years more&mdash;spending his money in a manner unknown
+before that time.</p>
+
+<p>Apropos of his money-making faculty, I have often been told by my aunt
+how her father, Henry Dunlop, when a boy, was walking along the street
+with young Corcoran, just his own age, when Henry, whose family was
+rather well-off in those days, seeing a penny lying on the pavement,
+kicked it ahead of him in his stride, as boys will do, but young
+Corcoran, stooping down, put it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span> in his pocket saying, "Henry, you will
+never be a rich man." That prophecy came true, for Henry spent his life
+in farming, and you know what that means!</p>
+
+<p>Among Mr. Corcoran's very first benefactions were gifts to the town of
+his birth. First of all a fund of $10,000 to be spent for firewood,
+etc., for the poor. It was left to the town authorities, but was
+administered by the Benevolent Society.</p>
+
+<p>In 1849 he gave beautiful Oak Hill Cemetery, lying along the northern
+limit of the town. To me no other cemetery that I have ever seen in this
+country or abroad has the same natural beauty of slopes and trees&mdash;in
+the spring bedecked like a bride in flowering white shrubs; in the fall
+its towering oak trees aflame with shades of crimson.</p>
+
+<p>I suppose what impressed on him the need of a cemetery for Georgetown so
+deeply was the death of his beloved wife in 1840. It had been a very
+romantic marriage. She was Louise Morris, the daughter of Commodore
+Charles Morris. Mr. Corcoran met his wife when she was sixteen and he
+was thirty-six. On the 23rd of December, 1835, they eloped, accompanied
+by Mr. Corcoran's sister-in-law, Mrs. James Corcoran, who later became
+the second wife of John Marbury, senior, and to the day of her death was
+greatly beloved by Mr. Corcoran. When she was lying in her coffin on
+14th Street, he came there and although somewhat lamed by paralysis and
+nearly ninety years of age, he insisted upon climbing the long flight of
+stairs to the room where she lay, saying over and over as he toiled up
+the many steps: "I must see Harriet once more!" I suppose in his mind he
+was living over the great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> event in his life when she helped to secure
+for him the only love of his life. And so pitifully short a time he had
+her, for only five years afterwards, when she was twenty-one, she died
+of tuberculosis. In those short years she had had three children,
+Harriet Louise, Louise Morris, and Charles Morris. Of these the middle
+child, Louise, was the only one to grow up.</p>
+
+<p>Although Commodore Morris had greatly disapproved of his daughter's
+marriage, which was very natural as at that time he was one of the most
+eminent officers of the United States Navy, and Mr. Corcoran had not
+then entered on the career which eventually made him the most
+distinguished private citizen of the capital of the nation, he grew to
+greatly admire and respect his son-in-law. For there are preserved in <i>A
+Grandfather's Legacy</i>, a collection of letters received by Mr. Corcoran,
+and compiled by him before his death, several letters from Charles
+Morris, showing the deepest trust and affection.</p>
+
+<p>I suppose there was never a daughter more beloved and petted than Louise
+Morris Corcoran. Her father seemed to expend on her all the affection of
+his great big heart, and she seems to have been a very lovely character.
+When she was about ten years old she fell overboard from a vessel and
+was only saved from drowning by the quickness and skill of Gurdon B.
+Smith. Among these letters are several in regard to this incident, for
+Mr. Corcoran, in his gratitude for this merciful deliverance, sent
+through an agent, $1,000 to Mr. Smith, an artisan, who was very grateful
+and considered he had received a fortune. But, not satisfied with that,
+Mr. Corcoran secured an appointment as lighthouse keeper for Mr. Smith
+at a point not far from his home, a life position with a good<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> salary,
+but Mr. Smith refused it as he seemed perfectly satisfied with his
+circumstances.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Corcoran's money doubled and trebled and quadrupled, and the
+following letter shows how his judgment was sought on political as well
+as financial questions:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >My dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p>I wish you would come to my house about 8 this evening and tell me,
+in five words, what are the best reasons to be given to friends of
+the administration for not passing the sub-treasury bill at
+present.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Yours,</p>
+<p class="sig">D. Webster.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>He had a close friendship with Edward Everett, senator from
+Massachusetts, who was frequently his guest. He and ex-President
+Fillmore traveled abroad together. The letters he received from many of
+the great of the earth make very interesting reading. By the middle of
+the nineteenth century this Georgetown boy of rather modest parentage
+was living in a very fine house in Washington, in great elegance,
+entertaining everyone of any importance who came to the capital. There
+is on record now a letter from a gentleman in England, bringing to his
+attention the coming of the new Minister and his wife from Great
+Britain, Lord and Lady Napier. Although, as he had said "he knows he
+will receive a great deal of attention, yet he wishes Mr. Corcoran,
+particularly to honor them." He was consulted by presidents for his
+opinion on financial matters. Baron Humboldt, the great German
+geographer, kept up a correspondence with him to the day of his death.</p>
+
+<p>After a brilliant girlhood, Louise Corcoran had married the Honorable
+George Eustis of New Orleans, representative in Congress. When the Civil
+War came and shat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span>tered all existing social ties, Mr. Eustis, of course,
+took the Southern side, as did Mr. Corcoran. Mr. Eustis, who had been
+appointed Confederate Secretary of Legation at the same time that the
+Honorable John Slidell was appointed Minister to France, after being
+held a prisoner in Maine, went over to France, where he was joined by
+his wife. Neither ever returned to this country. They made their home
+there, their three children were born there, they died there, were
+finally brought back and buried in Oak Hill under the beautiful little
+Doric temple Mr. Corcoran had erected for his first Louise.</p>
+
+<p>Those three grandchildren then became his pride and joy. But more and
+more he absorbed himself in his benefactions. It is impossible to tell
+all of them. Beginning with his gift of Oak Hill to Georgetown in 1849,
+in 1850 a loan to the Roman Catholic Church there which, like all of his
+loans, he eventually turned into gifts; in 1851 he gave an organ to the
+Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, saying he knew of nothing better
+than to give music to those whose souls were so troubled. About this
+time he gave the lot for the Washington City Orphan Asylum, and a little
+later the one for the Y. M. C. A. For many years he had been collecting
+painting and sculpture, both on his trips to Europe and from the various
+persons who wrote to him soliciting his patronage. These were at first
+kept in his own house, but then he decided to build a gallery and give
+them to the City of Washington, so he erected the building on
+Pennsylvania Avenue at the corner of 17th Street, directly opposite the
+State, War and Navy Building. It was just nearing completion when the
+Civil War began and was taken over by the United States Government as an
+annex to the War Department, so that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> it was not until 1869 that it was
+opened as the Corcoran Gallery of Art. In 1897 the collection was moved
+to the beautiful new building lower down on 17th Street and was formally
+opened on February 22nd by a brilliant reception at which were President
+and Mrs. Cleveland and all of their Cabinet.</p>
+
+<p>Above the doorway of the old building, in the stone, is still seen a
+carved medallion with W. W. C. intertwined.</p>
+
+<p>Just about that time, also, Mr. Corcoran began to build another of his
+beneficent gifts to the city. His beloved daughter had died, and the
+city and the country was filled with ladies who had been made penniless
+by the cruel fratricidal war. In 1871 he turned over to the trustees the
+Louise Home on Massachusetts Avenue, between 15th and 16th Streets, as a
+home for gentlewomen, the only requirements being enough money to
+furnish their own clothes and their burial expenses, even lots in Oak
+Hill were reserved for them after the Louise Home failed to suffice. It
+was very natural that for a long time its clientele was largely made up
+of Southerners, as there were very, very many more of them impoverished
+at that time, and also Mr. Corcoran was himself in sympathy with the
+Confederates. It is said he saved his house from confiscation by renting
+it to the French Minister.</p>
+
+<p>Many, very many, were the letters he received thanking him for the help
+he had sent to widows and orphans of soldiers of the South. He founded
+homes of that kind in Charleston, South Carolina, and in other places,
+besides rendering assistance most tactfully in many private cases. Many
+of these letters are very touching in their gratitude.</p>
+
+<p>His friendship for James Mason, of the Mason and Slidell affair, was
+close, as was his very real association<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> with General Robert E. Lee,
+witnessed by letters from General Lee during his life in Lexington,
+Virginia, after the war, and from Dr. William Pendleton, General Lee's
+rector there, and from Mrs. Lee in regard to General Lee's death.</p>
+
+<p>He and General Lee spent several summers at the "Old White," as the
+Greenbriar White Sulphur Springs was then affectionately known. As the
+years rolled on, Anthony Hyde, a Georgetown man, was kept busy
+administering the benefactions of his employer. He has told how during a
+trip through the South after the war, with Mr. Corcoran (he was his
+secretary), he had difficulty in keeping Mr. Corcoran's gifts within
+bounds. I was told not long ago by a man in the employ of Oak Hill, how
+an old street-car conductor had described to him the sight of Mr.
+Corcoran going to his office, and on the sidewalk in front of it each
+morning was a line to which he always dispensed "green money," as the
+old man called it.</p>
+
+<p>The business of his life then was judiciously giving away his money.
+Here are some of the ways he did it: colleges had always appealed to
+him, and he was for many years Rector of Columbian University in
+Washington, now renamed George Washington, and gave freely to it. His
+name is now borne by one of their largest and best buildings, Corcoran
+Hall. He gave to the Maryland Agricultural College, to the College of
+William and Mary in Virginia, loaned money to the Virginia Military
+Institute and when the bonds came due, tore them up&mdash;a little way he
+had. To Washington and Lee University, also in Lexington, he gave
+$20,000 besides the library purchased from the widow of Nathaniel
+Howard, thus, it helped in the getting as well as in the giving.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>His portrait hangs in the little chapel in Lexington where lies the body
+of his friend, Robert Edward Lee. To the University of Virginia he gave
+$100,000 which endowed two chairs, also giving $5,000 to resuscitate the
+library which had suffered during the war and the period following, from
+being unable to procure any new books.</p>
+
+<p>He was one of the first people to subscribe to the fund being raised by
+certain ladies to purchase Mount Vernon, after the Washington family
+found themselves unable to keep it up and offered it to the United
+States Government, which refused to buy and preserve it.</p>
+
+<p>The Episcopal Church of the Ascension on the corner of 12th Street and
+Massachusetts Avenue was built almost entirely with his money. William
+Pinckney, its rector when it was begun, was very devoted to Mr.
+Corcoran. He afterwards became Bishop of Maryland. It worried him
+exceedingly that Mr. Corcoran had never become a confirmed member and
+communicant of the church. Many are the long and eloquent letters he
+wrote to him on the subject. Finally, in his old age, the old gentleman
+did come forward and be confirmed. The friendship between these two
+seems to have been very sweet. The Bishop was a simple soul, a great
+lover of flowers and birds. He was always sending gifts of grapes to his
+wealthy friend, from Bladensburg. He now rests not far from his friend
+in Oak Hill. The inscription on his stone, which is surmounted by his
+statue reads thus:</p>
+
+<p class="center">WILLIAM PINCKNEY, D. D., L L. D.<br />
+<span class="smcap">April</span> 17, 1820<br />
+<span class="smcap">July</span> 4, 1883<br />
+Guileless and fearless.</p>
+
+<p>All through his life Mr. Corcoran was a very sociable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span> person. He always
+loved to play whist and in the last years of his life his nephews and
+nieces and great-nephews and great-nieces used to go often to play with
+him and pass the long evenings. A friend of mine remembers being taken
+as a little girl, with her grandmother, to call on him. She was
+fascinated by the room where he sat, which had medallions of children's
+heads, set at intervals into the paneling of the walls. She said he told
+her they were his grandchildren. She loved looking at them and was
+distressed when told to go out in the garden to play.</p>
+
+<p>That garden to the house where he lived for many years and where he
+died, stood on H Street at the corner of Connecticut Avenue. Daniel
+Webster had lived there before him. The flowering trees in the spring
+hung over the high brick wall on the Connecticut Avenue side and
+gladdened the hearts of all who saw them. It was a sad day for
+Washington, historically, when that whole square was reconstructed. If
+only one could endow old houses!</p>
+
+<p>At last, on the 24th of February, 1888, W. W. Corcoran, as he was always
+known, was laid to rest in his own beautiful Oak Hill. I remember as a
+little girl standing at the window of my home facing 31st Street and
+hearing the bell of near-by Christ Church toll ninety strokes as
+carriage after carriage passed slowly up the hill. My brother and I
+counted them, and there were ninety-nine.</p>
+
+<p>George Peabody, the third of my trio of philanthropists who got their
+start in Georgetown, was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, on February 18,
+1795. He was descended from an old yeoman family of Hertfordshire,
+England, named Pabody or Pebody. At eleven years he was an apprentice in
+a grocery store, and at fifteen, by his father's death, he was left an
+orphan and was cheerfully helping<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span> to support his mother and sisters. He
+soon after left Danvers and became an assistant to his uncle in his
+business in Georgetown. When he was seventeen he served as a volunteer
+in the War of 1812 in the artillery company of Major George Peter
+against the British, which is interesting, as in later life he was
+offered a baronetcy by Queen Victoria, which he refused.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/illus-192.jpg" width="300" height="417" alt="George Peabody" title="George Peabody" />
+<span class="caption smcap">George Peabody</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>After the war, when he was about nineteen, he became a partner with
+Elisha Riggs in a dry goods store in Georgetown and through his energy
+and skill the business increased tremendously. They moved to Baltimore,
+and when his partner retired, about 1830, he found himself, according to
+<i>The Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica</i>, at the head of one of the largest
+mercantile concerns in the world. About seven years afterwards he
+established himself in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span> London as a merchant and money-broker at Wonford
+Court in the city, and in 1843 he withdrew from the American business.</p>
+
+<p>He was never married. He was a very intimate friend of Mr. Corcoran's,
+and in several letters to him speaks jokingly of himself as a confirmed
+old bachelor, and in one flouts the idea that he is attentive to a
+certain lady, saying that he never but once seriously thought of
+marriage.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, he and Mr. Corcoran were near the same age and were both
+making their way as young men here in Georgetown at the same time, and
+it is very interesting to follow, from many letters, how their
+friendship continued through all their lives.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Peabody made frequent visits to his homeland, and used often to
+visit Mr. Corcoran at his home in Washington, and to spend the summers
+with him at the White Sulphur Springs.</p>
+
+<p>When hearing of the beginning of the great gifts of his friend on this
+side of the water, he wrote in October, 1851:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >However liberal I may be over here, I can not keep pace with your
+noble acts of charity at home; but one of these days I mean to come
+out, and then if my feelings regarding money don't change and I
+have plenty, I shall become a strong competitor of yours in
+benevolence.</p></div>
+
+<p>He certainly made good his words. In London he entertained in princely
+style. The following letter is one of the many telling of his parties
+there:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="rdate">London, May 16, 1853.</p>
+<p>My dear Corcoran:</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th I am to give a grand banquet to the American Minister
+and about sixty-five English and eighty-five American ladies and
+gentlemen, and have invited about fifty more for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span> the evening. Mr.
+Van Buren will be of the party and I hope to make it the best
+dinner party I have ever given, as I have the Star and Garter,
+Richmond, and the proprietor has no limit. I enclose you the
+programme of music during and after dinner.</p>
+
+<p>I have taken the house&mdash;Star and Garter&mdash;for a Fourth of July
+dinner to gentlemen only, and expect about 150. I hear from Mr.
+Ingersoll that your friend, Mr. Buchanan, will leave in June. Now,
+although I only know Mr. Buchanan from his high character and what
+you say of him, particularly as he is unmarried, and I would like
+to invite the party for the fourth of July to meet "the American
+Minister, Mr. Ingersoll, and the new Minister, Mr. Buchanan." Will
+you confer with Mr. Buchanan on receipt of this and try to get me
+permission to give the invitations as I propose? If Mr. Buchanan
+leaves 13th or 16th June, he will arrive in ample time.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Very truly,</p>
+<p class="sig">George Peabody.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In 1867 he gave $15,000 to found the Peabody Library in Georgetown. A
+large donation was given by him to the second Grinnell Arctic
+Expedition. The museum in Salem, Massachusetts, called by his name, is a
+fascinating collection of historic relics. To his birthplace he gave
+50,000 pounds ($250,000) for educational purposes; for the Peabody
+Institute in Baltimore 200,000 pounds ($1,000,000.00); to the trustees
+of the Peabody Educational Fund to promote education in the Southern
+States (part went to Washington and Lee University in Lexington). A dear
+old cousin of mine has told me of his visit to the White Sulphur to
+confer with Mr. Corcoran and Mr. Peabody on this subject. The thing he
+is remembered for in London is the erection of a huge block of model
+houses for working people at a cost of 500,000 pounds ($2,500,000). I
+suppose it was then that Queen Victoria wished to do him honor.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>His true nature remained untainted by success, and Gladstone said of
+him: "He taught the world how a man may be master of his fortune, and
+not its slave."</p>
+
+<p>In 1867 the Congress of the United States awarded him a special vote of
+thanks, and two years later, when he died in London on the 4th of
+November 1869, his body was brought home to America on a British
+warship, to be buried in Danvers, the town of his birth, now renamed
+Peabody in his honor.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_XII" id="Chapter_XII"></a>Chapter XII</h2>
+
+<h3><i>The Seminary, Washington (30th) Street and Dumbarton Avenue</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-196-sm.jpg" alt="N"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">NOWADAYS, all to the east of here bordering on Rock Creek has been made
+into a park and playground, and some attractive houses built overlooking
+them.</p></div>
+
+<p>On the southeast corner of Montgomery (28th) Street and Dumbarton
+Avenue, the large brick building now used as a colored Temple of Islam
+was where Henry Addison, who had been mayor, was living when he died in
+1870.</p>
+
+<p>This house later was the home of General Christopher Colon Augur. One
+night he came out on his porch to remonstrate with a crowd of negroes
+gathered on this corner and making a disturbance. He was promptly shot
+by one of them.</p>
+
+<p>Just east of here on Dumbarton Avenue at number 2720 is the home of the
+Alsop brothers, the well-known columnists, and a new Roman Catholic
+Church has been built for the colored people. There are six colored
+churches in the region hereabouts: This Catholic one, three Baptist
+churches, and two Methodists. Mount Zion Methodist on Greene (29th)
+Street is over a hundred years old. In the nineties, there were two men
+in the choir there, one an exceptional organist and the other, who had a
+very fine bass voice; he later went to Paris.</p>
+
+<p>From this point to Rock Creek is the district that was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> known as Herring
+Hill, a synonym in the minds of old residents for the negro district. It
+got its name from the fact that in the spring great quantities of
+herring came up this far into the creek from the river, and were caught
+in large numbers.</p>
+
+<p>I think this account, by Mr. William A. Gordon, of some of the customs
+of the negroes in the years gone by is very attractive and interesting:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Christmas was the great time for the negroes. Ordinarily, they were
+not allowed in the streets after the town bell rang at nine o'clock
+at night, but at Christmas this restriction was removed, and as
+midnight approached, bands of them would go through the streets
+singing hymns and carols before the houses of their white friends.
+The next morning the leader of the band called at the house and
+received a token of appreciation in the way of small coin.</p>
+
+<p>On May Day there was a parade of the negro drivers; many drove
+carts, drays and wagons, for on that day they had holiday, and
+paraded with wagons and horses adorned with ribbons, flowers and
+bright papers, the drivers wearing long white aprons, and headed by
+a band. They would then go to the woods and feast, dance and sing.</p></div>
+
+<p>At the southeast corner of Dumbarton Avenue and Greene (29th) Street,
+the four little yellow houses made into one make the home of Drew
+Pearson, the widely-known columnist and commentator&mdash;co-author with
+Robert S. Allen of the original "Washington Merry-Go-Round."</p>
+
+<p>A block west, on the southeast corner of Washington (30th) Street is a
+fine old house where Mrs. James Cassin lived as a wealthy widow during
+the 1850's. She was Tabitha Ann Deakins, of that old family so prominent
+in the making of the town.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>James Cassin had come from Ireland to the City of Baltimore when he was
+about twenty years of age, on account of religious troubles, the motive
+which sent so many emigrants to the new country. He then moved over to
+this thriving seaport, married and settled, leaving his wife a very
+young widow with three sons. One of them, John, went far from home to
+live, and his mother's letters to him contain a great deal of
+interesting gossip. In one she tells that Margaret McVean has gone to
+Baltimore to buy her wedding dress, and, horror of horrors, has allowed
+the groom, Dr. Louis Mackall, to accompany her. Of course a chaperone
+was in the party, but what an indelicate thing for the groom to know
+anything about the wedding clothes! She ends with, "What are the young
+people coming to?" How often have we heard those same words in recent
+years. Of course in those days, a bride went into deep retirement for a
+week before the fateful day, not going out into the street at all, and
+as for seeing the groom on the day until she met him at the altar, that
+was simply unthinkable!</p>
+
+<p>Margaret McVean was the daughter of the Reverend James McVean, who was
+born near Johnstown, New York, in 1796. He was a graduate of Union
+College in 1813, and of Princeton in 1819. It was said that he spoke
+seven languages with fluency and that the chair of Greek at Princeton
+was always open to him. He came to Georgetown about 1820 and married
+Jane Maffitt Whann in 1828. For twenty years he was the principal of a
+classical seminary for boys in Georgetown, the same one founded by Dr.
+David Wiley. There a large number of young men were prepared for
+college, who afterwards attained distinction in various professions or
+government positions of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span> trust and honor. He was for twenty-five years
+superintendent of the Presbyterian Sabbath School. He died July 8, 1847,
+and as a testimonial of respect, the Board of Common Council and
+Aldermen, of which he was a member, suspended business for eight days,
+and cr&ecirc;pe was worn on the arm for thirty days.</p>
+
+<p>Another of these letters of Mrs. Cassin's tells that her son, William
+Deakins Cassin, has just become engaged to "that harumscarum Mittie
+Tyler." She fears for their future. Mittie (Mary) Tyler was the daughter
+of dear old Dr. Tyler across the street.</p>
+
+<p>The mother-in-law's fears certainly did not materialize, for Mrs.
+Cassin, junior, lived a long and honored life. I remember her faintly
+when she was about eighty years old, with hair parted in the middle and
+combed down over each ear as "coal black as a raven's wing," as the old
+saying goes.</p>
+
+<p>They all seemed to marry their neighbors in those days, for Sue, another
+daughter of Dr. Tyler's married Granville Hyde across the street.</p>
+
+<p>The Hyde's house was next door to the Cassin's on the south. One can see
+that it is quite old, and it seems that it was built about 1798 by
+Charles Beatty, one of our old friends of the early days of George Town.
+He ran one of the ferries across the river to the Virginia shore. About
+1806 he had sold the house to Nicholas Hedges; then it went to James
+Belt in 1822, and to Joshua Stuart in 1832. Later, it was bought by Mr.
+Thomas Hyde, one of the early merchants of Georgetown. His son, Anthony
+continued to live there and was for many years secretary to Mr. W. W.
+Corcoran. Anthony Hyde was very musical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span> and was part of the orchestra
+which furnished the music in Christ Church before it had an organ. Here
+grew up Mr. Thomas Hyde, who was very prominent in Riggs Bank and an
+early president of the Chevy Chase Club. He was a very distinguished
+looking man to the day of his death.</p>
+
+<p>On the northeast corner of Washington (30th) and Gay (N) Streets is
+where tradition says Ninian Beall built his hunting cabin when he landed
+here. That could be borne out by the fact that a very fine spring of
+water was on that property. Many, many years later the family of Judge
+Dunlop at 3014 N Street used to send for pitchers of water from that
+spring, as they had an inherited right to do so.</p>
+
+<p>The long, red building there, now the Colonial Apartments, is still
+spoken of as The Seminary. It was there that Miss Lydia English
+conducted her fashionable school for young ladies for many years before
+the Civil War. This was the school to which Andrew Johnson, while
+senator from Tennessee, sent his daughter. Years after, when he was
+being criticized for his defense of Roman Catholics, his enemies brought
+against him the fact that he had sent his daughter to a "convent" in
+Georgetown. They had confused the Visitation Convent with Miss English's
+Seminary. It is said that the roster of the patrons of this school in
+those <i>ante-bellum</i> days included the names of the most famous men in
+the country.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-201.jpg" width="400" height="562" alt="Miss Lydia English" title="" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Miss Lydia English</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Among those names was that of Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri,
+nicknamed "Old Bullion," on account of his opposition to paper currency.
+He was one of the supporters of President Andrew Jackson in his war on
+the United States Bank. One of the pupils at the Seminary<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span> was his
+daughter, Jessie Benton, who afterwards became the wife of General C.
+Fremont, known as "The Pathfinder of the Rocky Mountains."</p>
+
+<p>Miss English had large means of her own, which enabled her to keep her
+school going in spite of "ups and downs." But, when in need of advice,
+she would always turn to her near neighbor, James Cassin.</p>
+
+<p>At one time she had nine teachers besides herself. In 1835 she had 130
+pupils. It is said she was a stern headmistress, but she stood for all
+that was fine, and meant a great deal to Georgetown.</p>
+
+<p>There is a story told of old "Aunt Abby," whose business it was to sit
+behind the parlor door whenever the young ladies had gentlemen callers,
+and how reassuring was the sound of her deep snores. Another story goes
+that the young bloods of Georgetown used to gather on the opposite
+corner where there was a pump and pretend to be getting a drink of
+water, while they were really serenading the hidden charmers, and that
+sometimes billet-doux and sweetmeats were drawn up in baskets
+unbeknownst to the "powers that were."</p>
+
+<p>In 1859, Miss Harrover took over the school. The catalogue for that year
+calls it the Georgetown Female Seminary, and in the front is printed the
+following letter from Miss English:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>To my former Pupils and their Parents, and to other Friends:</p>
+
+<p>At the request of Miss Harrover, who, for two years past, has
+satisfactorily conducted the Institution, over which I so long
+presided, and the care of which I relinquished, only because the
+condition of my health and hearing made it imperatively necessary.
+I would state, that my interest in its prosperity is undiminished,
+that I earnestly desire to see it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span> flourish, and that as far as I
+have it in my power, it is my wish to extend its usefulness.</p>
+
+<p>In renting the Seminary, I retain my own suite of apartments, and
+have never withdrawn my residence from it. So far as I have
+influence, and opportunities, I endeavor to promote the improvement
+and comfort of the inmates of this establishment. I can not but
+feel a special interest in the children and other relatives of
+those who in former years were under my care and instruction, and
+it affords me much pleasure to see them pursuing their education
+within the same establishment. I shall rejoice to see the number of
+these, in the coming year greatly increased.</p>
+
+<p>With kind greetings, and best wishes, I remain,</p>
+
+<p class="center">Yours respectfully,</p>
+<p>June 20, 1859. <span class="rfloat smcap">L. S. English.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Among the names of the pupils I find that of my mother, and many more
+familiar to me all of my life.</p>
+
+<p>When the first battle of Bull Run was fought, with such disastrous
+results to the Union Army, this building was immediately taken over by
+the United States government as a hospital, and Dr. Armistead Peter,
+although a Southern sympathizer, was drafted to be in charge of it. An
+old lady has told me how she was brought by her nurse on that Monday in
+July, the day after the battle, to watch the unloading of the wagons
+full of maimed and bleeding soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>The row of frame houses across the street, on N Street, was built at
+that time as barracks for the non-commissioned officers on duty at the
+hospital.</p>
+
+<p>Apparently, after the war, Miss Harrover never resumed her school, as,
+in 1870, it was being used as an apartment house. I rather think it must
+be the oldest apartment house in the District.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The part of the building on the corner was torn down several years ago
+and the Edes Home built. It is a home for Georgetown widows. As the
+money for it was left by Miss Margaret Edes, who was certainly never a
+widow, and the wording of her will said "for the indigent widows of
+Georgetown," many people think it was a mistake and was meant to read
+"the indigent women of Georgetown."</p>
+
+<p>Just across the street from the Seminary stands the house which was "Old
+Dr. Tyler's" home. First of all, it was the home of George W. Riggs;
+after that, for many, many years, that of Dr. Grafton Tyler, the beloved
+physician. He was a native of southern Maryland, and a cousin of
+President Tyler.</p>
+
+<p>During his long life Dr. Tyler enjoyed many honors of high professional
+distinction and was the intimate friend and companion of distinguished
+statesmen, jurists, and scholars.</p>
+
+<p>In those days doctors took families at "so much" a year, including the
+slaves. Not long ago I heard this story about the dear old doctor. For
+years and years he had attended a family where there was an addition
+almost annually, and he had never sent a bill. Finally, when they were
+all nearly grown, the father inherited a nice little sum of money. Not
+long afterwards Dr. Tyler was called in for a slight illness. When the
+first of the year came round Dr. Tyler sent a bill. The morning after
+its receipt the father burst into the doctor's office in a rage, "What
+did he mean by sending him a bill? Tut, tut!" And there the matter
+ended.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-205.jpg" width="400" height="579" alt="Dr. Grafton Tyler" title="Dr. Grafton Tyler" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Dr. Grafton Tyler</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>For a great many years Dr. Tyler was the physician for Georgetown
+College. It is still a tradition in the family<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> about the turkeys and
+the very delicious raisin bread that came every Christmas from the
+priests.</p>
+
+<p>His son, Dr. Walter Bowie Tyler, followed him, but not for long, as he
+had consumption, as tuberculosis was called in those days. He was asked
+to be pall-bearer at the funeral of a young lady who, as a dying
+request, asked to be carried up to Oak Hill because she had a horror of
+being put in a hearse. Dr. Tyler struggled along for two or three blocks
+when my father, who was very fond of him, stepped in, pushed him aside
+and finished the journey.</p>
+
+<p>On the block above, on Washington (30th) Street, in a white, frame house
+on the west side of the street, lived Captain de la Roche, who was the
+architect of Oak Hill Cemetery and of Saint John's Church where he was a
+vestryman when it was remodeled in 1840. Apropos of that, several years
+ago while I was living away from Georgetown for a short period of years,
+on one of my return visits, I was standing on the corner of Dumbarton
+Avenue and 31st Street waiting for a street-car. The wait was long and I
+looked about me up and down the streets, to the westward, above the tree
+tops was an object totally strange to my Georgetown eyes, a church
+steeple of the somewhat Bulfinch type. I reasoned that it could not be
+anything but the steeple of Saint John's, but I knew I had never seen it
+look like that&mdash;it had always resembled a large pepper pot more than
+anything else. Upon inquiry, I found that not long before the vestry of
+Saint John's had found that some repairs were necessary on the tower, so
+one of their number, a civil engineer, ascended with an architect and
+while hunting around, they discovered part of the original tower still
+there, inclosed in the more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> modern square building. It was torn away
+and the old church now bears part of its original headdress. Only the
+lower story of the tower remains as the smaller ones which used to
+surmount it had, of course, been lost.</p>
+
+<p>Captain and Mrs. de la Roche had three daughters; two of them had
+married officers in the United States Army. When the Civil War came
+their sympathies were with the South. One husband promptly resigned and
+went with the Confederates. The other would not resign but his wife,
+being a very resourceful person, kept after him, not being able to stand
+having a husband in the hated Yankee army, until, during a temporary
+illness, she got him discharged as not fit for marching.</p>
+
+<p>Captain de la Roche having died, his widow was forced to take boarders
+at her table, and several of the Union officers availed themselves of
+the bountiful Southern fare. After a while the youngest daughter, who
+was a red-hot rebel, found herself deeply in love with a young Yankee
+doctor. I wonder if he was on duty at the hospital in the Seminary down
+the street? An engagement followed and the marriage was imminent, but
+she could not bring herself to confess to her friends that she was about
+to become the wife of one of the despised soldiers. Finally her mother
+told her she must at least tell Mrs. Cassin, their neighbor on the
+corner, who was very devoted to her. So she summoned all her courage and
+marched down the street. After a great deal of humming and hawing, she
+finally got out the news and asked Mrs. Cassin to come to the quiet
+wedding at the home next day, but said, "Please don't tell Mittie until
+it is over."</p>
+
+<p>Around the corner from Washington (30th) Street, at 3018 Dumbarton
+Avenue, is the house that Mr. George<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> Green built for his large family,
+when he sold his place, "Forrest Hill," which was part of Rosedale, to
+President Cleveland for his summer home. This is now the home of Justice
+Frankfurter.</p>
+
+<p>Going westward along Dumbarton Avenue on the northern side of the
+street, now high up above it, stands the house where lived Jeremiah
+Williams, a prominent merchant, whose daughter married Paymaster Boggs.
+It is still sometimes called The Old Boggs Place.</p>
+
+<p>The great bank of earth there shows what a deep cut had to be made when
+the street was leveled in the days when Alexander Shepherd, as Governor
+of the District, performed the office of surgeon on the streets of the
+city. He made of it a wonderful job, but was roundly hated by many of
+the property owners whom he left sitting way up in the air, or
+contrariwise, down in a hole.</p>
+
+<p>The house is now divided into two houses&mdash;the one on the east, 3035, is
+the home of that fine commentator, Richard Harkness.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street at 3040 is where Dr. and Mrs. Louis Mackall, Senior,
+lived and their daughter, Miss Sally Somervell Mackall who wrote her
+book about Georgetown called <i>Early Days of Washington</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Before them the Edes family had lived there. The story is told of Miss
+Margaret, she who left the money for the Edes Home, one night, when she
+went up to her chamber, as they were called in those days, that she saw
+a man's boots protruding from under the bed. Instead of losing her head,
+she began whistling a little tune as she walked about the room, pulled
+out the bureau drawers as if looking for something, then went out of the
+room, closed the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span> door and softly locked it, sent for the police and
+captured the burglar.</p>
+
+<p>On the northwest corner of Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street
+was the home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman, who came to Georgetown from
+Annapolis in the early twenties. He married Miss Mary Davidson, daughter
+of Colonel John Davidson whose brother Samuel was the owner of Evermay.
+Two of Judge Chapman's daughters married Francis Dodge, junior; first
+Jane, then Frances Isabella. His son, Edward, lived on in the home until
+his death when Mrs. Frances Isabella Dodge took it, had it remodeled
+somewhat, and entertained there a great deal. After her death it was
+bought by her stepson, of course also her nephew, Henry Henley Dodge,
+and I myself remember going to lovely parties given by his children in
+the big, old rooms.</p>
+
+<p>The house was pulled down about 1900 and a row of brick houses built in
+its place. It was a handsome house, facing on Dumbarton Avenue, painted
+a greenish tan, with long porches running along the back building
+overlooking the yard which extended back to Christ Church. In this yard
+were two very handsome trees, one a horse chestnut and one a magnolia.
+It was enclosed by an iron fence, one of the kind despised and pulled
+down in the nineties, and now being eagerly sought and replaced in doing
+over old houses.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-210.jpg" width="400" height="425" alt="Home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman" title="Home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>There is a delicious story of how, in the long ago, when all five of the
+daughters were still at home, a wandering cow got in at the gate, and at
+four o'clock in the morning (I hope it was the summer time) Aunt Peggy
+Davidson roused all the girls to go out and get the beast out of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span>
+garden. An old colored man was passing, delivering milk, and was heard
+to exclaim, "Good Gawd, Mis' Chapman's yard is full of ghoses!"</p>
+
+<p>Immediately across from this house stood, and still stands, the old
+Berry house. It, too, shows how it was hoisted above the street when its
+level was changed. It was built by Philip Taylor Berry in the early
+1800's and no other family had ever lived there until his last daughters
+died, ripe in years.</p>
+
+<p>There were four of them, all old maids (Georgetown had five or six
+houses of four old maids in my childhood). These were in two sets, but
+the two older ones far outlived the two younger, who were always very
+retiring and delicate. When the last two were up in their nineties,
+being bed-ridden, one on one floor, the other on another, each with a
+nurse, they used to send messages to each other and exchange the novels
+which they read over and over again. At last, one night in the winter,
+the old house caught on fire and when the firemen got there it was so
+far under way that both old ladies had to be carried down ladders to the
+street, quite a perilous trip, which they both survived, however, and
+lived for several years thereafter.</p>
+
+<p>The two older sisters were descendants of John Stoddert Haw; the two
+younger, of Samuel McKenney and thereby, of course, of Henry Foxall. One
+of them, I heard all of my childhood was very, very pretty, but,
+although they were both great friends of my mother, I never saw her
+face, for she never went out of doors without a heavy, blue bar&egrave;ge veil.
+It is said her eyes were weak but there was, too, a romantic story of
+her having been "disappointed in love," as they said in those days.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-212.jpg" width="600" height="382" alt="Old McKenney House" title="Old McKenney House" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Old McKenney House</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span>A little farther west on Dumbarton Avenue on the north side of the
+street, above its stone wall topped with a white picket fence, is the
+old McKenney house. This is the house that Henry Foxall gave to his only
+daughter, Mary Ann, when she became the bride of Samuel McKenney in
+1800. Until a few years ago, there lived here her granddaughter, Mrs.
+McCartney and her children and grandchildren, the fifth generation to
+live in the old house.</p>
+
+<p>It was such a dear, sweet old house and the garden, too. At the marriage
+of the daughter of Mrs. McCartney, the lace wedding veil was the same
+that was worn long ago by Mary Ann Foxall, whose namesake she was.</p>
+
+<p>The old house was full of treasures and curios, an exquisite little
+white marble clock which once upon a time ticked off the hours for Marie
+Antoinette, that beautiful and tragic queen. It was presented to Henry
+Foxall by his friend and partner, Robert Morris, who had gotten it from
+Gouveneur Morris, he having bought it in Paris. Also there was lots of
+lovely old Spode china, and there is a story told of how Aunt Montie was
+found one day feeding the cats from the priceless dishes. When
+reprimanded, she explained she didn't want to use any of the "nice new
+china."</p>
+
+<p>In 1840 a maiden lady from Philadelphia came one day to have lunch, or
+midday dinner as I imagine it was in those days, and was planning to
+take the stage-coach for her return journey soon after the meal. She had
+been telling stories to the children and when the time for her departure
+neared, little Henrietta McKenney burst into tears; she didn't want such
+a delightful story-teller to go.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> Mrs. McKenney urged her to stay, so
+she agreed to stay for a day or two, at the end of that time, for a week
+or so. The time passed and she stayed on. Her visit lasted forty years,
+and was ended only by her call to another world. She had asked soon
+after her settlement into the home life for some duties so she took over
+the charge of the linen of the household and the making of the desserts.
+She had one fetich, the candles must be extinguished at ten o'clock. She
+had her way, even if guests were present&mdash;they were put out. She went to
+bed&mdash;they were relit. One night after her death, a young son of the
+house, about thirteen or so, was put to sleep in her room; at ten
+o'clock the candle just went out. Every night it happened; they hunted
+for drafts. No drafts could be located; the candles just always ceased
+to burn when the clocks reached the hour of ten.</p>
+
+<p>In this block about 1820 Mrs. Mary Billings, an Englishwoman, opened a
+school where she started to teach both colored and white children
+together, but a great deal of prejudice arising on the subject, she
+devoted herself entirely to the colored race and continued to do so for
+a number of years until she moved over to the city. Later, Mr. Street's
+school for boys stood here. It was just opposite the old McKenney house
+with a yard running down almost to High Street.</p>
+
+<p>The Methodist Episcopal Church on this block was formerly located on
+Montgomery (28th) Street. It had its beginning there in 1800. The church
+on the present site, which has a modern fa&ccedil;ade, was used as a Federal
+hospital during the Civil War, Dr. Peter being in charge of it as well
+as the Seminary.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-215.jpg" width="400" height="574" alt="St. John&#39;s Church" title="St. John&#39;s Church" />
+<span class="caption smcap">St. John&#39;s Church</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span>On the other side of High Street stands St. John's Episcopal Church, the
+lot for which was given in 1796 by the Deakins' family. Reverend Walter
+Addison of Prince Georges County, Maryland, had visited George Town in
+1794 and 1795 and held occasional services, so a movement was started to
+build a church. Among the subscribers were Thomas Jefferson and Dr.
+Balch. The first rector was Reverend Mr. Sayrs of Port Tobacco in 1804.
+Five years later he died and was immortalized in an epitaph in the
+church, written by Francis Scott Key:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="center">
+JOB: J. SAYRS<br />
+<br />
+HU: EEL<br />
+<br />
+RECTOR PRIMUS<br />
+<br />
+HIC<br />
+<br />
+(QUO CHRISTI SERVUS FIDELITES MINUS TRAVIT)<br />
+<br />
+SEP: JAO<br />
+<br />
+OB: 6 JAN. A. D. MDCCIX<br />
+<br />
+AET XXXV</p>
+<p>HERE ONCE STOOD FORTH A MAN, WHO FROM THE WORLD<br />
+THOUGH BRIGHT ITS ASPECT TO THE YOUTHFUL EYE,<br />
+TURNED WITH AFFECTION ARDENT TO HIS GOD,<br />
+AND LIV'D AND DIED AN HUMBLE MINISTER<br />
+OF HIS BENIGNANT PURPOSES TO MAN.<br />
+<br />
+HERE LIES HE NOW&mdash;YET GRIEVE NOT THEN FOR HIM<br />
+READER! HE TRUSTED IN THAT LOVE WHERE NONE<br />
+HAVE VAINLY TRUSTED&mdash;RATHER LET<br />
+HIS MARBLE SPEAK TO THEE, AND SHOULDST THOU FEEL,<br />
+THE RISING OF A NEW AND SOLEMN THOUGHT<br />
+WAK'D BY THIS SACRED PLACE AND SAD MEMORIAL<br />
+O LISTEN TO ITS IMPULSE! 'TIS DIVINE&mdash;<br />
+AND IT SHALL GUIDE THEE TO A LIFE OF JOY,<br />
+A DEATH OF HOPE AND ENDLESS BLISS THEREAFTER.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span>In 1807 the vestry included Charles Worthington, Washington Bowie,
+Thomas Corcoran, John Mason, Thomas Plater, Benjamin Mackall, Philip
+Barton Key, and William Stewart. A little later, in 1811, an old writer
+says: "At that time the church was thronged to an over flow with all who
+were most elevated in station and in wealth from the Capital; the pews
+in the gallery were rented at high rates and to persons of great
+respectability. The street before the church was filled with glittering
+vehicles and liveried servants."</p>
+
+<p>In 1831 the vestry failed to elect a rector as successor to Reverend Mr.
+James. For seven years, the church was closed, worse than closed, for it
+fell into disrepair to such an extent that the birds and the bats made
+their nests in it, so that it was called "The Swallow Barn." A sculptor
+rented it for his studio, which scandalized many of its old-time
+worshippers who hated to think of the statues of heathen gods and
+goddesses in the temple of the Lord. At last, in 1838, a vestry was
+elected, and from that time, St. John's has always flourished.</p>
+
+<p>In its chancel are paintings of the four evangelists done by the
+Reverend Mr. Oertel. He was also a wood-carver and a musician, and was
+from Nuremberg in Germany which, I suppose, explains why he was always
+called Master by his wife. They lived for a good while on Gay (N)
+Street. Mr. Corcoran bought several of his pictures for his gallery. His
+best known work was called "Rock of Ages," and represented a female
+figure with long hair and floating white garments clinging to an
+enormous cross. This picture was often used on Easter cards.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Several years ago a large boulder was placed on the bank of the
+churchyard, bearing this inscription:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot center">
+COLONEL NINIAN BEALL<br />
+BORN SCOTLAND&nbsp; 1625&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; DIED MARYLAND&nbsp; 1717<br />
+PATENTEE OF ROCK OF DUMBARTON<br />
+MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES<br />
+COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF PROVINCIAL FORCES<br />
+OF MARYLAND<br />
+IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF HIS SERVICES<br />
+"UPON ALL INCURSIONS AND DISTURBANCES<br />
+OF NEIGHBORING INDIANS"<br />
+THE MARYLAND ASSEMBLY OF 1699 PASSED<br />
+"AN ACT OF GRATUITY"<br />
+THIS MEMORIAL ERECTED BY THE SOCIETY OF<br />
+COLONIAL WARS IN THE DISTRICT<br />
+OF COLUMBIA, 1910<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Just behind the church and adjoining it on little Potomac Street, is a
+house where, fifty years ago, used to live two old maid sisters who were
+absolute hermits. Their food was drawn up in a basket which they let
+down to an old family retainer containing the money with which to do
+their purchasing. Whenever the organ was played in St. John's, they used
+to take a hammer and beat upon the wall as long as the music continued.</p>
+
+<p>The large yellow house at the southwest corner of Market (33rd) and
+Second (O) Streets is where Thomas E. Waggaman lived in the nineties. He
+built an addition on the west as an art gallery for his collection of
+pictures. It is now a separate house. Here, some years ago, lived Jouett
+Shouse at the time he formed his Liberty League. Recently, Colonel and
+Mrs. Alf Heiberg made it their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> home. They placed an eagle over the door
+and called it "Federal House."</p>
+
+<p>Right across the street stood a dear old house some years ago. It was
+white, with double piazzas all the way across the front. The yard was
+enclosed by a paling fence and from the gate a double border of box led
+to the door. It was the home of Dr. Hezekiah Magruder.</p>
+
+<p>About 1833 the family of Admiral James Hogan Sands lived there. William
+Franklin Sands, author of <i>Undiplomatic Memories</i> was one of his sons.
+The old house was torn down about 1890.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street, at number 3318, is the home of Mr. and Mrs. David E.
+Finley. He is the Director of the National Gallery of Art.</p>
+
+<p>Number 3322 is the interesting old house where, in the forties and
+fifties lived Baron Bodisco, Minister from Russia to the United States.
+He had a very romantic marriage of which I shall tell later. Just before
+the marriage he purchased this house from Sally Van Devanter, who had
+inherited it in 1840 from her husband, Christopher Van Devanter,
+apparently, the builder of the house. Baron Bodisco, the same day he
+bought it, gave it to his fianc&eacute;e, Harriet Beall Williams. Whether it
+was a wedding gift or whether, as a foreign envoy, he could not hold
+property, I do not know. She kept the property for twenty years until
+her remarriage to Captain Douglas Scott, when it was bought by Abraham
+H. Herr. During the Civil War, it was headquarters for the officers of
+the Second U. S. Regiment, whose enlisted men were quartered in Forrest
+Hall.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-220.jpg" width="400" height="589" alt="Bodisco House" title="Bodisco House" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Bodisco House</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>But to return to the period when it was owned and oc<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span>cupied by the Van
+Devanter family. During these years, they apparently had a most
+interesting guest, Mrs. Henry Lee, the widow of "Light Horse Harry," and
+the mother of Robert E. Lee. In Dr. Douglas Freeman's book <i>R. E. Lee</i>,
+he quotes two letters from Mrs. Lee written not long before her death
+from "Georgetown." She did not specify where she was, but Mrs. Beverley
+Kennon, many years afterwards, said that this was the house in which she
+resided.</p>
+
+<p>Also, the Van Devanter family, a few years ago, found among old books
+two books with inscriptions of names of the Lee family, evidently left
+there during this time.</p>
+
+<p>Here, at a ball one night, a young man who was making his entrance into
+Washington society under the care of a senator had the following
+experience. (The account is taken from <i>Harper's Magazine</i>):</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >This was my first entrance into fashionable life at one of Madame
+Bodisco's birthnight balls. I was under the care of Senator &mdash;&mdash;.
+As we entered the house, two tall specimens of humanity, dressed
+very much like militia generals, in scarlet coats trimmed with gold
+lace and white trousers, met us at the door. Thinking them
+distinguished people, I bowed low and solemnly. They stared and
+bowed. "Go on," said the Senator, "don't be so polite to those
+fellows, they are servants; give them your cloak." I hurried in
+pulling off my cloak as I went. Just within the first door of the
+drawing room stood a fat, oily little gentleman, bowing also, but
+not so magnificently gotten up as my first acquaintances. Certain
+of my game now, I, in superb style, threw over him my cloak and
+hurried on. Senator &mdash;&mdash; pulled me back, and to the astonished
+little fellow now struggling from under my broadcloth, I was
+presented. I had nearly smothered the Russian Minister who,
+however, laughed merrily at the mistake. He hardly knew what I
+would accomplish next,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span> and left me as soon as he possibly could,
+to my fate. I wandered about rather disconsolate. The lights,
+music, dancing, fun and laughter, were all novelties and charming
+for a while, but I knew no one after an hour's looking on, hunted
+up the Senator and begged him to introduce me to some of the young
+ladies. He hesitated a moment, and then consented, and I was led up
+to and presented to a magnificent creature I had long looked upon
+with silent admiration. Miss Gennie Williams, who was seated in an
+easy, nonchalant manner, conversing with a circle of gentlemen, and
+favored me with a gracious nod. As I stood wondering whether this
+was the end of my introduction, a mustached dandy came between us
+and said, "Miss Williams, permit me to relate the joke of the
+season." To my horror he began the story of the cloak. My first
+impulse was to knock him down, my second to run away; on my third I
+acted. Interrupting the recital I said: "Begging your pardon, sir,
+but Miss Williams, I am the only person who can do justice to that
+joke," and continuing, I related it without in any way sparing
+myself. She laughed heartily, as did the circle, and rising from
+her chair, took my arm, saying kindly that I must be cared for or I
+would murder some one. With a grace and kindness I shall never
+forget, she placed me at my ease.</p></div>
+
+<p>Next door to this house, at one time, lived Hamilton Bronaugh.</p>
+
+<p>Just across the street, the big red brick Victorian house is where James
+Roosevelt and his family were living in his father's first
+administration.</p>
+
+<p>Around the corner on Frederick (34th) Street, the house which has a
+walled garden on the corner was the home of John G. Winant, when he was
+here before going as Ambassador to the Court of St. James.</p>
+
+<p>A block or two north of here, at 1524 Market (33rd) Street, was the old
+Yellow Tavern, much used by those going to and fro to Rockville and
+Frederick Town.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On Fourth Street (Volta Place), where the playground is now, was where
+the old Presbyterian burying-ground used to be, which was the principal
+graveyard until Oak Hill was given to the town in 1849. Among the
+tombstones moved from there, when it was given up, were those of James
+Gillespie, member of Congress from North Carolina, who was the first
+member of that body to die after the removal of the seat of government,
+and John Barnes, who had been collector of the port, and who, in his
+will, left money for a poorhouse for Georgetown. He died in 1826 at the
+age of ninety-six.</p>
+
+<p>On Sixth Street (Dent Place), between Market (33rd) and Frederick (34th)
+Streets, was the house which Francis Deakins sold on February 8, 1800 to
+Old Yarrow, as he was called, one of the most mysterious and interesting
+characters of the early days. It is not known whether he was an East
+Indian or a Guinea negro, but he was a Mohammedan. He conducted a trade
+in hacking with a small cart, and his ambition in life was to own a
+hundred dollars. Twice he saved it and each time ill fortune overtook
+him. The first time he gave it to an old groceryman he knew to keep for
+him. The old man died suddenly and Yarrow had nothing to prove that he
+had had his money. So the next time he picked a young man to keep it for
+him. Then this one absconded. Some of the gentlemen of the town became
+so interested that they took up a collection and started an account for
+him in the Bank of Columbia. He must have been quite a figure in his
+day, for his portrait was painted by James Alexander Simpson, and is now
+owned by Mr. E. M. Talcott, who inherited it from Normanstone.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Quite a number of attractive houses have been built in this neighborhood
+in the last few years and a good many "done over," all of them,
+fortunately, in the style suitable for Georgetown.</p>
+
+<p>They are very largely owned and occupied by people connected with the
+Government, many of them in the State Department. In one of these
+houses, a few years ago, lived the writer, Michael Strange, who had been
+the wife of John Barrymore.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Chapter_XIII" id="Chapter_XIII"></a>Chapter XIII</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Third Street, Beall (O) Street, West (P) Street</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-225-sm.jpg" alt="O"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">ON the southeast corner of Third (P) Street and Frederick (34th) Street,
+the attractive, low, white frame house is where Doris Fleeson lives, who
+writes such interesting articles for <i>The Evening Star</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>At 3327 is a fine tall old brick house painted yellow, which has for
+many years, until very recently, been the home of Hon. and Mrs.
+Balthasar Meyer. On the second story it has a lovely long music room
+used for dancing and by Sylvia Meyer, their daughter, the talented
+harpist of the National Symphony Orchestra.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the Key family lived here years ago, I suppose, of course,
+relatives or descendants of those two famous lawyers here, Philip Barton
+Key and his nephew, Francis Scott Key. And nearby lived another <i>real</i>
+Marylander named Mary Ritchie.</p>
+
+<p>And speaking of names, the strangest woman's name turned up in the title
+of 3321, which in 1818 was owned by Harry McCleery. He had five
+daughters and in his will left $3,000.00 to each of four of them; among
+these, one named Zerniah. To Clarissa, the fifth, he left the house he
+lived in (this house) and the stone houses on the corner adjoining, with
+all thereto belonging to be held in trust for her by her two brothers. I
+wonder if Clarissa was an invalid or if it was the law that, at that
+time, a woman could not hold property!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This house later on in the eighties and for twenty years or more was the
+home of the Humes. Mr. Thomas L. Hume and his wife, Annie Graham
+Pickrell left a large family of children when they died early.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Hume also owned a place a little way out of town. One day when
+General Grant, who was a friend of his, was there Mr. Hume said he
+couldn't think of a name for the place. General Grant looked around and
+noticing the walnut trees said, "Why not turn walnut around and call it
+"Tunlaw"?" And so Tunlaw Road came into being, back behind Mt. Alto
+Hospital.</p>
+
+<p>Just to the east of 3321 P Street was the old Lutheran burying-ground.
+About the time of the Civil War it seems to have been abandoned and the
+records lost. And near here stands the Lutheran Church, the fourth
+building on this site, for this church dates back to 1769, when it was a
+little log building. According to tradition, Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch
+preached his first sermon here when he came to be Pastor of the
+Presbyterians. A prized possession of this church is a very old German
+Bible printed in T&uuml;bingen in 1730. Another treasured possession is the
+bell, over a hundred years old, which, at one time, was purchased by a
+congregation in West Virginia, but after twenty-five years, was
+reclaimed and brought back by a faithful church Councilman and housed
+under a small stone structure of its own. It is believed to have been
+cast in Europe.</p>
+
+<p>Crossing High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and cutting down to Beall (O)
+Street, one comes to what used to be Hazel's stable&mdash;his initials, "W.
+C. H." are in the bricks up in the peak at the top of the building. Here
+the doctors kept their carriages, here "hacks" were hired when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span> needed
+for parties or funerals, and here was kept for a month or so every fall
+and spring my little bay mare, <i>Lady Leeton</i>, and the red-wheeled
+runabout which was brought in from Hayes for my use.</p>
+
+<p>I can see Mr. Hazel now in his buggy, he weighed about three hundred
+pounds and his side of the buggy almost touched the ground as he drove
+about town.</p>
+
+<p>At 3131, at the home of his daughter, is where General Adolphus Greeley
+was living several years ago when a very interesting event took place
+one spring afternoon, in 1935. I was walking down 31st Street when I
+heard the strains of "The Star-Spangled Banner." I wondered if I was
+hearing a radio but when I reached the corner of O Street I noticed a
+policeman and an Army sergeant chatting in the middle of the street and
+coming up O Street was Justice of the Supreme Court, Owen J. Roberts,
+bareheaded, with a lady, to whom he said, "They are probably saying,
+'Some old geezer named Greeley'!" So I glanced west down O Street and
+there, drawn up along the southern sidewalk, was a company of U. S.
+Cavalry, red and white guidon of Company F from Fort Myer. Then I
+realized that it was the day of days for General Greeley. At last, on
+his ninety-first birthday, he was being decorated with the Congressional
+Medal of Honor. It had been many a year since his fateful expedition to
+the Arctic in search for the North Pole.</p>
+
+<p>Just across the street from here now lives Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and
+a little farther on, the old house up on a low terrace is where the
+Lancastrian School was opened in November 1811 under Robert Ould. In a
+few weeks there were 340 boys and girls under tuition, and in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span> 1812 an
+appropriation was asked for an addition to accommodate 250 more
+scholars.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/illus-228.jpg" width="400" height="592" alt="Christ Church" title="Christ Church" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Christ Church</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Lancastrian School was sustained by private contributions and
+municipal aid for thirty-two years. The name came from Joseph Lancaster,
+a Quaker, who started this system in England of coeducational schools,
+free to those who could not pay. Lancaster had a school of one thousand
+pupils in Southwark, but disagreements arising with some of the
+authorities, he emigrated to America in 1818. He died in New York in
+1838.</p>
+
+<p>About 1840, Samuel McKenney, whose house adjoined this property on the
+south, bought it and gave it to his daughter who had gone to southern
+Maryland to live, and so she came back to Georgetown. Her descendants,
+the Osbournes, lived there until just a few years ago when the "cult"
+for old houses in Georgetown began. When a garden was made there
+recently, some of the old foundations of the schoolroom were uncovered.</p>
+
+<p>Almost next door is the Linthicum Institute, which still conducts its
+night school for white boys, and above it is the hall where the old
+Georgetown Assemblies are still held. Here also Mrs. Shippen has her
+Dancing Classes, and here now my grandchildren are learning where I had
+my first lessons in the same art. The old hall looks just as it did in
+my day.</p>
+
+<p>Then at 3018 is Christ Church Rectory, where I happened to be born; it
+was not the rectory then.</p>
+
+<p>Christ Church, as you recall, was founded in 1817 in Thomas Corcoran's
+house. The illustration shows the first church building of the three
+which have stood on this spot. It was begun May 6, 1818, and the first
+service held<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span> at sunrise on Christmas Day that same year, the rector
+being the Reverend Ruel Keith, who was Professor of Theology at the
+College of William and Mary, and later, in 1823, with Dr. Wilmer,
+founder of the Theological Seminary, near Alexandria.</p>
+
+<p>Among the founders of Christ Church were Thomas Corcoran, William
+Morton, Clement Smith, Francis Scott Key, John Stoddert Haw, John Myers,
+Ulysses Ward, James A. Magruder, Thomas Henderson, and John Pickrell.
+The present building of Christ Church was erected about 1885. The
+windows which were made especially for it in Munich, Germany, are very
+beautiful. The big one in the north end was put there by W. W. Corcoran
+in memory of his father, Thomas Corcoran.</p>
+
+<p>I have heard from the daughter of one of the belles of the fifties,
+whose family were Christ Church people, that in those days the beaux
+might join a lady after church and escort her home, but under no
+circumstances did they entertain callers on Sunday. All of the food for
+Sunday use was prepared on Saturday.</p>
+
+<p>It was during the fifties that Dr. William Norwood was the rector of
+Christ Church. He was a Virginian and very outspoken in the expression
+of his political views in that day of heated opinions. So violent was
+the feeling that, although he had a brilliant mind and a saintly
+character, he was obliged to resign. He returned to his native State and
+was for many years the revered rector of St. Paul's, Richmond. I
+remember hearing that as a young man he had a classmate at college,
+Clement Moore, who one night came into his room, saying, "Norwood, I'd
+like to read you something I've written to see what you think of it." He
+sat down and read to him "The Night Before Christmas,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span> that beloved old
+poem without which Christmas hardly seems like Christmas to me, even
+now.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Norwood was followed several years later by Reverend Albert Rhett
+Stuart, under whose leadership the present church was built. I remember
+the big basket which was carried around by a fine-looking, tall colored
+woman with articles for sale for the benefit of the Ladies' Aid Society
+of Christ Church.</p>
+
+<p>The interesting white house over on the northeast corner was at one time
+the home of the Godeys, then of the Curtis family. When they lived
+there, "music filled the air," for a son and a chum of his used to sit
+out on the long, side gallery and play for hours on the violin and
+'cello. It was for several years the home of Justice and Mrs. Owen J.
+Roberts.</p>
+
+<p>Only two houses on this block are of any age. The little white cottage
+near the corner of Washington (30th) Street was the home of three Miss
+Tenneys and their sister, Mrs. Brown, who had a school for small boys
+and girls. Then the garden ran to the corner. The father of these ladies
+and of William H. Tenney had come to Georgetown from Newburyport,
+Massachusetts, in the early part of 1800.</p>
+
+<p>Just across from it, the large yellow mansion was the home of Commodore
+Cassin, built by him, I think, in the early 1800's. In 1893 Mr. and Mrs.
+Beverley Randolph Mason, of Virginia, opened here their school, Gunston
+Hall, named, of course, for Mr. Mason's ancestral home, which continued
+in Washington as a flourishing boarding school for girls for fifty
+years. After that, this building housed the Epiphany School, an
+Episcopal institution.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The property along 30th Street here was all owned at one time by the
+Matthews family. Henry Cooksey Matthews came to Georgetown some years
+before 1820. He had been born in 1797 on the farm near Dentsville, in
+Charles County, Maryland, where his forbears had lived for four
+generations. He married his cousin, Lucinda Stoddert Haw, whose home,
+you remember, was on Gay (N) Street, and they built the large house on
+the southeast corner of Washington (30th) and West (P) Streets.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Matthews and his wife were devoted members of Christ Church and
+named their son for one of its rectors, the Reverend Charles McIlvaine,
+who later became Bishop of Ohio. Mr. Matthews used to play the flute in
+the orchestra in Christ Church.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Charles M. Matthews also married his cousin, who was a daughter of
+Thomas Corcoran, junior, and niece of W. W. Corcoran. Mr. Matthews,
+until his death, managed the estate of Mr. Corcoran. He built his home
+on the southern part of his father's lot at the northeast corner of
+Washington (30th) and Beall (O) Streets.</p>
+
+<p>Back in the eighties Miss Charlotte and Miss Margaret Lee came from
+Virginia and opened The West Washington School for Girls, sponsored by
+several of the gentlemen of Georgetown, in the old home of Henry C.
+Matthews. There, in the last year of its existence, I learned the
+beginnings of the three R's.</p>
+
+<p>Nearby, at number 3014 P Street, in the fifties and sixties, William R.
+Abbott conducted a well-known school for boys. At that time it was only
+a one-story building. Mr. Abbott was the son of John Abbott, whose home
+was on Bridge (M) Street. The Abbotts lived in the house on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span> the west
+next door to the school. In later years it was occupied by the Lyons,
+Hartleys, and Parris families.</p>
+
+<p>In one of these houses was the school for boys founded by Dr. David
+Wiley and continued for twenty more years by Dr. James McVean.</p>
+
+<p>There is a fine row of houses just beyond here where have lived, at
+various times, the Magruders, the Kenyons, the Yarnalls, and, long ago,
+in the early 1800's, Colonel Fowler, who came from Baltimore and whose
+wife was a sister of Dr. Riley's wife, made his home at number 3030 West
+(P) Street.</p>
+
+<p>For many years this house was used as the rectory of Christ Church.
+There lived Dr. Norwood and his large family of daughters, all of whom
+left their impression on the City of Richmond in after years. Also, Dr.
+Walter Williams, and Dr. Albert Rhett Stuart, of South Carolina, who was
+for twenty-five years rector of Christ Church.</p>
+
+<p>The end house was the Morton's home for a great many years. Four
+unmarried sisters lived there long, long after their parents had gone.
+But parental influence was strong in those days, for one of them in her
+late seventies was still "engaged" to the love of her youth, disapproved
+of by her father. Once a week she met him and had lunch with him down
+town. He came sometimes to Sunday dinners, swathed in his long, black
+cape.</p>
+
+<p>During the fall great droves of cattle and flocks of sheep from western
+Virginia were driven through the streets and gathered at Drovers' Rest,
+two miles west of town. Some days many thousands filled West (P) Street
+from morn to eve, and, occasionally, a wild steer ran amuck and then
+there was great excitement. Also, large<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span> flocks of turkeys, hundreds of
+them, were driven up from lower Maryland and passed through the streets
+to pens on the outskirts of town, where one could go and pick out his
+own bird.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street at number 3019 is the house Mr. Linthicum built in
+1826. Thomas Corcoran, junior, made it his home from then until 1856,
+when it was bought by John T. Cochrane for his sister, Mrs. James A.
+Magruder, who brought up there her three nieces and one nephew. Two of
+the nieces, Miss Mary Zeller and Mrs. Whelan, lived on there all their
+lives. Miss Mary used to tell me many tales of old-time days and ways.
+The old house remained entirely unchanged until about twelve years ago,
+when it was bought and done over inside. It had a lovely stairway and
+dignified, square rooms.</p>
+
+<p>The row of three quaint little brick houses here seem to be an unknown
+quantity to even some of the oldest inhabitants and nearest neighbors.
+In number 3021, long ago, lived Horatio Berry, the brother of Philip
+Taylor Berry. In number 3025, the quaint locks on the doors all have on
+them a small, round brass seal, bearing the coat-of-arms of Great
+Britain, the lion and the unicorn rampant, also the name "Carpenter &amp;
+Co.", and in the cellar are crossbeams hewn by hand.</p>
+
+<p>Next we come to a pair of cottages, changed from their pristine
+loveliness&mdash;now the "Mary Margaret Home," for old ladies. The one at
+3033 P Street in my girlhood was the home of Mrs. James D. Patton, the
+former Jennie Coyle. She gave me piano lessons for four years, but she
+gave me much more! She formed a group of girls into a King's Daughters'
+Circle, "The Patient Workers," which met at her house on Saturday
+mornings when we sewed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span> and made articles which we sold at a Fair in the
+Spring. The proceeds were divided between the Children's Country Home
+and the Children's Hospital. There is still a brass plate in the
+hospital bearing the name, "The Patient Workers" for a bed we named.</p>
+
+<p>The two big houses on the northeast corner of West (P) Street and
+Congress (31st) Street were built by Joseph H. Libbey, a well-to-do
+lumber merchant. They continued to be in his family for a long time. The
+one on the east now is the Catholic Home for Aged Ladies. In front of it
+is the largest and most beautiful elm tree in Georgetown. The two houses
+at 1516 and 1518 Congress (31st) Street, Mr. Libbey built about 1850 as
+wedding gifts for his two daughters, Martha, Mrs. Benjamin Miller,
+becoming the owner of number 1516. It is still owned by her descendants.
+Number 1518 has changed hands several times. It was where Richard V.
+Oulahan, the well-known newspaper correspondent, lived until his death
+several years ago. At that time it was said of him: "He gathered news
+like a gentleman and wrote it like a scholar."</p>
+
+<p>Back in the eighties, a party was given at number 1518 one night for the
+young niece of two maiden ladies whose home it then was. The guests were
+about sixteen and seventeen years old, and the boys had all just arrived
+at the age where their most treasured possessions were their brand new
+derby hats. When the party broke up and the guests trooped upstairs to
+get their wraps, the young gentlemen found, on entering their dressing
+room, that on one of the beds reposed the crowns of all their derbies,
+while on the other, neatly laid out, were all the brims. The culprit was
+never caught. Only the other day one of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span> the long-ago guests was told by
+the offender that he had been the originator of the diabolic idea.</p>
+
+<p>If you look west along the next block of West (P) Street, you notice how
+different are the north and south sides. Along the south side are houses
+of an absolutely different period. All those on the north side were
+built in the seventies or later, including the Presbyterian Church,
+except the one on the corner of Congress (31st) Street, which was the
+residence of General Otho Holland Williams, a Revolutionary officer, who
+was in the same company with General Lingan. His house has, of course,
+been completely changed and made into two houses. It was never
+beautiful, but it was a dignified old mansion, with high steps leading
+up to a quaint doorway.</p>
+
+<p>Across Congress (31st) Street, at number 3108 West (P) Street, the house
+with the high steps going up sideways was built by Judge Morsell about
+1800. For a while, the Barnards lived there. Then the Marquis de
+Podestad, Minister from Spain to this country, made it his residence.
+After the Civil War, General George C. Thomas resided there. Next door
+is where the Shoemakers have lived for many years.</p>
+
+<p>The house with the nice, old hipped roof was at one time owned by a
+Captain Brown. In the eighties and nineties the Misses Dorsey of
+Virginia had here a school for girls called "Olney Institute."
+Afterwards, Reverend Parke P. Flournoy, once a chaplain in the
+Confederate Army, lived here up into his nineties with his family.</p>
+
+<p>Still a little farther on, and incorporated with the old Tenney house,
+now owned by Mrs. Stephen Bonsal, is where Miss Jennie Gardiner had a
+school for little chil<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span>dren about the same time as the Dorseys' school.
+For some time before the Civil War it was the home of the Reverend Mr.
+Simpson, whose wife was Miss Stephenson from near Winchester. Her
+father, whose home was Kenilworth, near there, made her a present of the
+house. Following the Civil War, it was for a long time the home of
+William H. Tenney, who had a prosperous flour mill.</p>
+
+<p>Just across the street from it, the imposing looking yellow house with
+the mansard roof is the one that Elinor Glyn bought and "did over," and
+then never lived in, as she decided to go back to England to her mother,
+who was in delicate health. Later it was the residence of Mrs. Isabella
+Greenway, Representative in Congress from Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>A block from here just above Q Street on what is now dignified by the
+name of 32nd, but will always remain to old Georgetonians, Valley
+Street, lived a very interesting character, still remembered by some
+people in Georgetown as "The crazy man of Valley Street."</p>
+
+<p>Among other shabby houses, one which was quite different in appearance
+and stood a little back from the street, with a tree in its tiny patch
+of a yard, was where he lived. It looked as if it had a story&mdash;and it
+had. It was told me not long ago by an old friend. I call him a friend,
+for whenever I went to the institution where he was a doorkeeper, I went
+back in memory to the years when he was our postman. In those days your
+postman was your friend. You thought over what your Christmas gift to
+him would be as much as a member of your family. Not like it is
+nowadays, when he drops your letters through a slit in the door. You
+don't know his name, you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span> don't know what he looks like, you don't even
+know whether he is white or colored.</p>
+
+<p>This is the story of "the crazy man of Valley Street." During the Civil
+War, Captain Chandler was in command of a United States vessel cruising
+in the Chesapeake Bay searching ships carrying contraband. He was
+accused of making a traitorous remark and dismissed from the service.
+His family was living at the Union Hotel, but they left and went to New
+York to live. He took his savings and built for himself the little house
+on Valley Street. Its interior was made to resemble exactly the cabin of
+a ship.</p>
+
+<p>My friend told me that his first encounter with the old gentleman was
+one Monday morning about nine-thirty when, having been changed to this
+new route, he stopped to open the gate to deliver a letter. It was
+locked. He knocked. At last a window was thrown up and the old man's
+head emerged. He said the captain looked very much like the pictures of
+General Robert E. Lee.</p>
+
+<p>Seeing it was the postman with a letter, he said he would open the gate,
+so he pulled a rope&mdash;and presto! open it flew. He said he never opened
+it until ten o'clock in the morning and wanted to know if his mail could
+be delivered after that, which the carrier obligingly offered to do, by
+changing his route somewhat.</p>
+
+<p>After that, for years, Mr. Postman was a friend to the old man, though
+he never really entered the house. Each month a check for twenty dollars
+would come from a nephew in Chicago, which the postman would take to Mr.
+Berry with a note from the captain, asking to have it cashed, and
+specifying the number of dollar bills, fifty-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span>cent pieces, quarters,
+dimes, nickels, and pennies. A little colored boy who lived nearby was
+commissioned occasionally to purchase necessary food, but the old man
+himself never went out except after dark.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, one day when the little boy came to do the errands, he could
+get no answer to his knock, so he got a man to lift him up where he
+could peer over the high board fence at the side and look into an open
+window. Through it he saw the old gentleman, sprawled out in a big
+chair, immovable. They broke into the house and found that he was
+paralyzed. He could not speak, but shook his head when they said they
+wanted to call help from the police. He was laid on a mattress on the
+floor, and before long, all his troubles were over.</p>
+
+<p>His nephew came from Chicago, bought a lot in Rock Creek Cemetery and
+had the old gentleman decently buried. But not long after, his son in
+New York, reading of it in the paper, came down and had his father
+reinterred in the family lot in Oak Hill. So, in death, the old
+gentleman was accorded the honor of two funerals.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-240.jpg" width="400" height="471" alt="Washington Bowie" title="Washington Bowie" /><br />
+<span style="width: 400px" class="attrib"><i>Courtesy Frick Art Reference Library.</i></span><br />
+<span class="smcap caption">Washington Bowie</span></div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_XIV" id="Chapter_XIV"></a>Chapter XIV</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Stoddert (Q) Street</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-241-sm.jpg" alt="C"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">COMING east from Valley (32nd) Street is the lovely old house which the
+Seviers bought in 1890. It has never had a name. It was built by
+Washington Bowie, another of the shipping barons. His wife was Margaret
+Johns before becoming Mrs. Bowie. This whole block was his estate and
+was entered in his day through the double iron gates on West (P) Street.
+The carriages passed up and around a circle of box to the path, bordered
+with box leading to the porch with its lovely doorway. The doors opening
+into the hall that runs right through are of solid mahogany with big old
+brass locks. In the dining room is an especially beautiful white wood
+mantel, carved with a scene of sheep and shepherds. The tradition is
+that L'Enfant planned the garden, and also left his spectacles lying on
+the piano.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-242.jpg" width="600" height="408" alt="The Sevier House (Built by Washington Bowie)" title="The Sevier House (Built by Washington Bowie)" />
+<span class="caption smcap">The Sevier House (Built by Washington Bowie)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>In 1805 the place was bought by William Nicolls of Maryland, whose wife
+was Margaret Smith, a descendant of Captain John Smith. They had two
+daughters, Roberta, who married William Frederick Hanewinckel of
+Richmond, and Jennie, who married Colonel Hollingsworth. The
+Hanewinckels used to come back to the old home sometimes in the summer,
+even to the grandchildren, and the descendants still love the old place
+and consider it their ancestral home, for they had it longer than any
+other family. Colonel Hollingsworth was the superinten<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span>dent of Mount
+Vernon before Colonel Dodge. I remember Colonel Hollingsworth well, a
+tall, fine-looking old gentleman, with a long, white beard. Of course,
+in those days we went to Mount Vernon by way of the river, on the
+steamer <i>W. W. Corcoran</i>. It is still, I think, by far the most pleasant
+way to approach the dignified old mansion, and Captain Hollingsworth
+would often be on the boat and talk with us. I've never forgotten the
+dear old-fashioned nosegay he picked and gave me from Mrs. Washington's
+garden. Mrs. Hollingsworth was a tiny little old lady. I can see her now
+with her snow-white hair and her big, black bonnet. Poor soul, it was a
+terrible trial to her when the place had to be sold after her husband's
+death.</p>
+
+<p>It was put up for auction in 1890, and Mr. and Mrs. John Sevier, who
+happened to be visiting Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dodge in Georgetown at that
+time, though they spent a great deal of their time in Paris, heard of
+the sale and bought the house on the spot. Mr. Sevier was a descendant
+of the famous Tennesseean of that same name. Later they added the wings
+extending far out on each side, which are really two charming little
+houses. The old garden is still full of wonderful box, and besides,
+there are lots and lots of lovely roses, the pride of their stately
+mistress.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Sevier told me of being at a spa in Germany one summer when she was
+young, with Mr. Sevier. When they asked for the first floor apartment
+instead of theirs on the second, they were told by the proprietor that
+it was engaged for "some Englishman; he did not know whom." It turned
+out to be the then Prince of Wales, Edward VII. The prince, on seeing
+her, asked to be presented. She was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span> very beautiful then, tall and fair.
+She met him three times, in the garden or at the spring. When he was
+leaving, he asked to say good-bye. She, unthinkingly, stood on the step
+above him, (a terrible <i>faux pas</i>, she learned afterwards), gave him
+some roses, and he presented her with a bouquet surrounded by lace
+paper; it was the custom, always, on leaving a place.</p>
+
+<p>When my father built his house in 1884 on the southwest corner of
+Stoddert (Q) Street and Congress (31st) Street, it was in part of the
+orchard of the old Bowie place. Some of the pear trees were still there.
+Today there are six houses on the lot where his house stood with its big
+gables and its many porches, surrounded by a fine lawn in which he took
+great pride. This house caused a good deal of comment at the time of its
+building from the fact that it had a bathroom on every floor, one being,
+of course, a "powder room." But to have a bathroom in the basement for
+the servants in those days was unheard of. It was just as good as the
+others, a tin-lined tub, of course, would be horrible to the present
+generation!</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-245.jpg" width="600" height="381" alt="The George T. Dunlop House" title="The George T. Dunlop House" />
+<br />
+<span class="attrib" style="width: 600px"><i>Courtesy Bolling-Fowler.</i></span><br />
+<span class="caption smcap">The George T. Dunlop House</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The house was always brimming over with people, young and old, for
+occasions both grave and gay. One very grave one happened about two
+years after we moved there, and another "first" in Georgetown was
+there&mdash;the first trained nurse in Georgetown. Early in the month of May
+diphtheria seized the eldest daughter, then about fifteen. Two days
+later, another succumbed, a beautiful little girl of five. There was no
+anti-toxin in those days. In four days little Eleanor Hope was dead. Two
+days later a little cousin visiting there, was taken, and two days later
+still, the three remaining well children were sent out one afternoon for
+a drive with Grandpa in the Dayton-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span>wagon, an old-time version of the
+present-day station wagon. We thought it was kind of strange to go to
+drive in the rain, but it wasn't really raining hard, so we stopped
+where the Cathedral Close is now and picked bluets and violets. When we
+got home we were told we had a new little brother! Wildly excited, we
+rushed upstairs and assaulted the door of mother's room. It was opened
+by old Aunt Catherine, the colored mid-wife, who had been told not to
+admit anyone, but mother called us and in we went. An hour or so later I
+was the fourth victim of diphtheria! I still have vivid memories of it
+all, and of Miss Freese, the trained nurse.</p>
+
+
+<p>She wore a uniform of blue and white striped cotton, long to the floor,
+but, strange to say, her hair was short, unusual for those days. I can
+still see the animals she cut out of paper&mdash;elephants, horses, and cows.
+Dear Aunt Ellen and Auntie helped with the nursing, and father even
+stayed home some days to help!</p>
+
+<p>These were some of the grave days, now to come to the gay. I remember
+the big reception for father's and mother's silver wedding anniversary,
+when I and my two chums, I in red, one in white, and one in a blue
+dress, stood back behind this fine couple, thinking we were so
+wonderful! My best friend lived right across the street, and we rigged
+up a line from my window to hers on which we sent little notes by
+pulling the line around.</p>
+
+<p>My two elder sisters had many beaux, and I mean, "many." I can remember
+when some times twenty young gentlemen came to call on Sunday evening.
+Of course, there were not many "dates" in those days, unless to go to
+the theatre or a party of some kind, dancing or euchre.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One Sunday night when the butler was off duty, my brother, home from
+Princeton, answered the door bell. A gentleman entered, asking if the
+ladies were at home; he handed his silk hat to John, then his cane, then
+his coat, and then, he said "Now, announce me!" He was announced! As he
+sat on the sofa by my cousin, a visitor from Kentucky, a real Kentucky
+belle, a horrified expression came over his face. She, thinking he had
+been attacked by the new disease, appendicitis, which she had heard was
+very painful, asked what was the matter, to which he replied, "I have
+just discovered I have on blue trousers instead of black!" He was in his
+full-dress suit.</p>
+
+<p>On our side of Congress (31st) Street was one of the houses holding four
+old maids, the daughters of John Davidson, one of the oldest names in
+Georgetown: Miss Adeline, Miss Nannie, Miss Kate, and Miss Martha. Their
+mother had died on her knees in Christ Church from a stroke.</p>
+
+<p>Across the street lived four maiden ladies by the name of Mix&mdash;one of
+their brothers married a Miss Pickle!</p>
+
+<p>Of course, before Stoddert (Q) Street was cut through, the Bowie house
+adjoined the property of Tudor Place, and they were on a level. I can
+remember when the street was paved, and now that it is one of the
+busiest boulevards of the city, it seems almost impossible to believe
+that back in the nineties a houseful of charming-girls, real
+old-fashioned belles, used often to "erupt" with their many beaux from
+their home on the neighboring corner, at eleven o'clock some evenings,
+and have a dance right in the middle of the street&mdash;two-steps and
+waltzes galore!</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-248.jpg" width="600" height="383" alt="Home of Francis Dodge" title="Home of Francis Dodge" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Home of Francis Dodge</span>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the southeast corner of Congress (31st) Street and Stoddert (Q)
+Street stood, until 1893 or 1894, the very interesting old house where
+Francis Dodge and his large family lived for many, many years. The
+illustration does not do justice to the dear old house, but I wanted to
+give some idea of it as a whole, so selected this one. The long,
+southern side overlooking the garden had tiers of white wooden galleries
+and the face of the house under them was plastered white. In the center
+of the long stretch of wall was a lovely, big doorway with a fanlight,
+of course, and at the end of the porch, a smaller door which entered a
+projecting wing of the house.</p>
+
+<p>The place was enclosed by a low, brick wall topped with a white picket
+fence, and standing near the corner was a gorgeous horse-chestnut tree.
+Whenever I see one now, I recall this particular tree with its lovely
+blossoms in the spring and their delicious fragrance. A flight of wooden
+steps led from a brick walk at the gate to the gallery, and another
+flight from the same walk down into the garden. Under the porch was a
+brick pavement where was the pump, and then there was the garden&mdash;a
+wonderful old garden adorned with a maze of box which, of course,
+enclosed flower-beds.</p>
+
+<p>The whole square, bounded by Congress (31st), West (P), Washington
+(30th), and Stoddert (Q) Streets, belonged to this estate. It was
+originally the property of Nicholas Lingan who owned the mill on Rock
+Creek, and who was a brother of General Lingan. At that time, these big
+places really were farms, with stables for horses, cows, pigs, and
+chickens.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-250.jpg" width="400" height="556" alt="Francis Dodge, Senior" title="Francis Dodge, Senior" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Francis Dodge, Senior</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>In 1810 the property was bought by Francis Dodge, who, as I have said
+before, had come from Salem as a lad<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span> of sixteen to join his brother,
+Ebenezer, who was established in a prosperous coastwise shipping trade,
+dealing largely with the West Indies.</p>
+
+<p>One of the first experiences young Francis had, after his arrival in
+1798, was one afternoon when he returned from a row up the river, and as
+he was mooring his boat, he noticed an elderly gentleman hurrying down
+the street and out onto the wharf. The gentleman asked if the ferry was
+in yet, and when the boy turned to answer him and looked into his face,
+he saw that it was General Washington. Francis replied that the ferry
+had gone and, noting the terrible disappointment of the great man,
+offered to row him across the river in his own little boat. The General
+gladly accepted, and during the crossing asked the young man his name.
+"Francis Dodge, sir," the boy replied, at which the General exclaimed,
+"By any chance related to Colonel Robert Dodge, who served so gallantly
+with me during the War?" "Yes, General, he was my father." "Oh, indeed!"
+said he, "I am greatly pleased to know you, young man. You must come to
+Mount Vernon some time to see me."</p>
+
+<p>Whether or not Francis Dodge got to Mount Vernon before the General's
+death the following year, I do not know, but for over forty years his
+grandson, Colonel Harrison H. Dodge, was the honored superintendent
+there.</p>
+
+<p>Young Francis was taken into his brother's counting house, and a few
+years later, in 1804, was sent to Portugal to investigate trade
+conditions in Europe. In 1807 he married Elizabeth Thomson, a daughter
+of William Thomson, of Scotland. They first resided below Bridge (M)
+Street, west of High (Wisconsin Avenue), probably<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span> in Cherry Lane, where
+lived also, according to tradition, Philip Barton Key, the Maffits, and
+other families of distinction.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Dodge had the usual large family of those days, six sons
+and five daughters, and all grew to maturity. While they were still
+small children, however, the British came to Washington, causing great
+alarm to the citizens of George Town also. Mr. Dodge apparently sent his
+family out somewhere near Rockville, for this is a letter he wrote to
+his wife at that time. It gives an interesting picture of those exciting
+days:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="right">Georgetown,<br />Aug. 26, 1814,<br />12 o'clock A. M.</p>
+
+<p>Dear Wife:</p>
+
+<p>We have positive information that the British have left the City on
+the Baltimore road, and passed the toll-gate last night. Some of
+their pickets are still around the city.</p>
+
+<p>We believe they are either going to their shipping on Patuxent or
+direct to Baltimore; or that they received information of an
+intention to attempt to cut them off. At all events I am satisfied
+you would be perfectly safe here, and much more comfortable than
+where you are. I wish yourself, the child, Emily, Frank, and
+Isabella, to come home and bring, if you can, one bed. Peggy and
+Betty can come if they please.</p>
+
+<p>Not one Englishman has been in this town or within sight of Ft.
+Warburton below. They have burnt all public property in the city.
+It was a dreadful sight. The rope-walks in the city are destroyed.
+The General Post Office and Jail stand. I hope they will not return
+here again and can't think they will, they behaved well.</p>
+
+<p>The town was very quiet last night and I got a good sleep for the
+first time. I hope you are well.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Yours affectionately,</p>
+<p class="sig">F. Dodge.</p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Aug. 27, 7 o'clock A. M.</p>
+
+<p>After preparing yesterday to send this, William came and advised to
+postpone till today. You can all come now in the stage, bringing
+all the books and what else you can.</p>
+
+<p>We have no news today but expect the British are near their
+shipping. We have escaped wonderfully.</p></div>
+
+<p>The stage ran daily from George Town to Rockville. I think it was also
+called "the hack," for, in old letters from my own ancestors at Hayes,
+out in that direction, they write of "sending the seamstress out by the
+hack."</p>
+
+<p>As the boys approached years of discretion, not having been spoiled by
+sparing the rod, their father gave to each an identical circular,
+setting forth what should be their "guide through life." His admonition
+to "read the Bible daily and regularly," was based upon his own
+remarkable habit in that respect. That he managed to read five chapters
+consecutively every morning and thus encompass the whole in seven
+months, is borne out by the periodic notations in his Holy Book. The
+circulars read as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >My practice (and my advice to all) is: if you wish to appear decent
+shave every morning below ears and nose, cut your hair short all
+over the head, wear white cravats, no boot-straps or pantaloon
+straps.</p>
+
+<p>If you expect or desire to live in old age with few pains, and in
+the meantime be clear headed and well, and thriving in your
+business, rise before the sun, retire early, taking seven to nine
+hours in bed. Eat regularly and moderately of plain food, plainly
+cooked; no desserts except green fruit, drink no kind of liquor
+except water and the like; use no tobacco in any way.</p>
+
+<p>Read five chapters in the Bible regularly through, before
+breakfast, support religious societies and go to church twice every
+Sabbath Day. Take moderate exercise, attend to your business and
+keep it always in order and under your Government, never
+over-trade, hold your word as binding as your<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span> bond, be security
+for no one, seldom any good comes of it, but often miserable
+distress.</p>
+
+<p>Be as liberal as you can, consistently, to your kin, if in need and
+worthy, perform all your duties to your family and neighbors.</p>
+
+<p>The above I practice almost to the letter.</p>
+
+<p class="sig">F. Dodge.</p>
+
+<p>P. S.&mdash;Again, say little or nothing about yourself, your family, or
+your business. Talk but little&mdash;listen.</p>
+
+<p>Speak as well as you can of all, expose faults only when you
+believe it well to do more good than harm, all have foibles and few
+are free from faults, most, some good traits of character.</p>
+
+<p>This post script I am endeavoring to practice.</p>
+<p class="sig">F. Dodge. 1847.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Act well your part, there all the honor lies,<br />
+Read, heed!</p>
+
+<p>The above attended to with strict economy, industry and like, will
+carry you through this life with honor and credit.</p></div>
+
+<p>The education of the two oldest sons, Francis, junior, and Alexander
+Hamilton, seems to have been planned to fit them specially for
+commercial life, to succeed their father in his well-established
+business. Francis was sent to Georgetown College and Alexander to
+Princeton&mdash;he graduated in 1835. Robert Perley Dodge graduated from
+Princeton in two years, standing fifth in a class of seventy-six. He
+then entered a school of engineering in Kentucky. In six months he
+completed a major course. He rated so high that he was offered a
+professorship in mathematics, but declined, and became a civil engineer.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-255.jpg" width="600" height="384" alt="The Sons of Francis Dodge, 1878" title="The Sons of Francis Dodge, 1878" />
+<span class="caption smcap">The Sons of Francis Dodge, 1878</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>William and Allen Dodge received special practical training in
+agriculture and animal industry at the Maryland Agricultural College.
+Mr. Dodge bought William a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span> farm near Hagerstown, and for Allen one
+near Bladensburg, but, due to the Civil War and the abolition of slaves,
+both of these highly developed ventures failed, and the farms were sold.
+Charles, the youngest, attended Georgetown College, and took up
+commercial and export business. In 1862 he was offered command of a
+Confederate regiment but declined, being a Unionist. He accepted,
+instead, the rank of major and paymaster in the Federal Army and served
+throughout the war. For a time he was interested in gold mining in
+Maryland, and in 1889 succeeded his brother Frank (then deceased) as
+collector of customs of the District of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>On the twelfth of June, 1849, a remarkable event took place in this old
+house&mdash;a wedding ceremony at four o'clock in the morning of four of the
+children of Mr. and Mrs. Dodge. Adeline was married to Charles Lanman;
+Virginia to Ben Perley Poore, a well-known correspondent of <i>Harper's
+Weekly</i> in those days; Allen Dodge to Miss Mary Ellen Berry, and Charles
+Dodge to Miss Eliza G. Davidson of Evermay. The weddings were celebrated
+at this unusual hour so that the bridal couples could take the regular
+stage leaving Georgetown for Baltimore at five o'clock. At least it was
+a cool time of day for the celebration, and how beautiful it must have
+been with the dew lying on the box and the roses, and the birds
+twittering their sunrise notes. What a jolly time these four couples
+must have had, starting off together. Let us hope their spirits were not
+too much dampened by the fact that their father would not witness the
+ceremony, as it was at variance with his religious scruples that it was
+not conducted in a church. Reverend N. P. Tillinghast, then the rector
+of St. John's Church, must have officiated, as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span> the Dodges were always
+ardent supporters of St. John's.</p>
+
+<p>The only two members of the family who did not marry were Miss Emily and
+Miss Elizabeth Dodge. They were the eldest of the girls, and I imagine
+that practically no one could get up the nerve to ask the old gentleman
+for their hands. Major Ben Perley Poore used to say that the most
+momentous hour he could remember was the one spent in Mr. Dodge's office
+waiting to see him to ask for the hand of Virginia, and he had faced
+guns when he said that.</p>
+
+<p>In 1851 Francis Dodge died at the age of sixty-nine. He was a very good
+citizen; his judgment was sought on all matters of public interest
+connected with the town, besides exercising a controlling influence over
+commercial transactions. At that time tropical fruits such as oranges
+and bananas were luxuries, and it is remembered that Mr. Dodge used to
+send baskets of them around to his friends whenever one of his vessels
+would arrive from the West Indies.</p>
+
+<p>When I was a little girl, living across the street on the opposite
+corner from this house, it was always spoken of as "Miss Emily Dodge's."
+I can remember her well when she would come out on the gallery and walk
+up and down. She seemed never to go away from the house. She was rather
+small, had snow-white hair in long curls about her face, and was usually
+wrapped in a white shawl. I have been told that she was terribly afraid
+of fire and burglars, so slept fully dressed. Each morning she bathed
+and re-clothed herself. At night she lay down and slept as she was. At
+the time I remember, Miss Emily occupied part of the big wing of the
+enormous house and Allen Dodge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span> and his wife were living in the lower
+floors of the wing. His wife was quite an invalid, and I do not
+recollect ever seeing her.</p>
+
+<p>The main part of the house was occupied for one winter by Dr. Stuart,
+the rector of Christ Church, and his family while the new rectory at
+number 1515 31st Street was being built.</p>
+
+<p>After the death of Miss Emily Dodge, the place was sold to close the
+estate, and pulled down, thereby deleting from Georgetown one of its
+most distinctive and charming features which today would have been
+invaluable. I remember weeping bitterly when I heard it was to be torn
+down; even then, a half-grown girl, I loved old houses.</p>
+
+<p>The two cottages on West (P) Street at numbers 3033 and 3035, were built
+by Mr. Dodge. In the latter, until her death, lived Mrs. Charles Lanman
+(Adeline Dodge). Mr. Lanman was a native of Newburyport, Massachusetts.
+He was a very scholarly man, wrote <i>A Life of Daniel Webster</i>, who was
+his friend, and other books, and for a long time was connected with the
+Japanese Legation.</p>
+
+<p>For many years they had a young Japanese girl, Ume Tschuda, making her
+home with them while she was being educated in this country. The Lanmans
+had no children of their own, and looked upon her almost as an adopted
+daughter. She has had a very remarkable career as head of an important
+school in Japan.</p>
+
+<p>Another house built by the Dodges on their farm is the one on 30th
+Street, now doubled in size and occupied by Dr. Gwynn. Here Henry H.
+Dodge lived until he moved into his mother's former home, the Chapman
+house, on Congress (31st) Street and Dumbarton Avenue.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the southeast corner of Stoddert (Q) and Washington (30th) Streets,
+what is now Hammond Court, an apartment, was the house built by Francis
+Dodge, junior. In the group picture shown, he and Alexander Hamilton
+Dodge are the two seated in the middle of the front row. A. H. Dodge is
+the only brother not adorned with a beard. Was there ever a more
+wonderful display of six stalwart handsome brothers? In fact, good looks
+are to this day inherent in the Dodge family.</p>
+
+<p>I have already told a good deal of the history of Francis Dodge, junior,
+of his marriage to the two daughters of Judge Chapman. He had a son and
+a daughter by each wife.</p>
+
+<p>In 1851, at the death of Francis Dodge, senior, his splendidly
+established West Indies business continued under the management of the
+eldest sons, the name being changed to F. &amp; A. H. Dodge. On the basis of
+their business alone, Georgetown was made a port of entry and a custom
+house was established here.</p>
+
+<p>Each year there was a sale for buyers from large cities in the North on
+the Dodges' wharf. It was quite an occasion. The counting house was
+capacious, and decorated with all sorts of curios from the tropics:
+sharks' jaws, flying fish, swordfish and sawfish; elaborate lunches were
+served to the patrons, with cigars and drinkables; chairs and benches
+were placed out on the platform overlooking the river. On summer
+afternoons, this was a great meeting place for the friends of the two
+Dodges.</p>
+
+<p>Many bidders assembled on these advertised dates, hauling commodities
+away as purchased, some to the rail depot, some to storage, which kept
+the firm officials and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span> stewards busy. One of the faithful employees was
+Richard McCraith, a newly arrived Irishman from Cork. He had that noted
+propensity of his race for getting orders twisted, but his endeavors to
+do right were so earnest and conscientious that his unintentional errors
+of judgment were condoned. One urgent order from a patron asked for
+delivery to bearer of two sacks of coarse salt. For its hauling the
+bearer had a cart. "Here, Richard, go with this man to the warehouse on
+High Street and see that his cart is backed up close to the door. The
+salt is stored in the third floor. Load it carefully on the hand truck,
+wheel it to the window and let it down 'by the fall'&mdash;do you get that
+straight?" "Yis sir, yis sir!" Presently a man burst into the office,
+exclaiming excitedly, "That wild Irishman of yours has raised hell up
+the street. He dumped a sack of salt weighing 200 pounds from the third
+story to the cart underneath, broke both wheels, and the horse has run
+away with the wreck." (Enter Richard!) Said the angry boss, "Now, what
+the devil have you done?" Richard: "Yis sir. Didn't you tell me to let
+it down 'by the fall'? I did, sir."</p>
+
+<p>In 1867 Francis Dodge, junior, sold this fine house to Henry D. Cooke.
+In 1877 he was appointed collector of customs. He was quite an old
+gentleman by that time, and the glories of Georgetown's maritime trade
+were beginning to be a thing of the past. In fact, with the coming of
+the railroads, the huge business of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was
+injured, and from then on the commercial importance of the town began to
+dwindle.</p>
+
+<p>Henry D. Cooke, who purchased this house, was the brother of Jay Cooke,
+and came to Washington to manage a branch of his brother's large banking
+enterprise. He<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span> was an intimate friend of General Grant, and I have read
+that the general was so fond of his company that he would sit in his
+carriage for an hour outside Mr. Cooke's place of business, waiting for
+him to go driving.</p>
+
+<p>Claude Bowers, in his most interesting book <i>The Tragic Era</i>, speaks of
+a brilliant ball given the night before the "breaking of the bubble of
+the Credit Mobilier" in 1873, by Henry D. Cooke. It was in this house
+that the ball took place. Can't you picture the coaches as they rolled
+up to the door, discharging the ladies in their crinolines, laces,
+satins, and flowers, attended by the gentlemen wrapped in the long
+cloaks of that period? Kate Chase Sprague was in the height of her
+beauty and power at that time and was, of course, among the guests on
+that fateful night.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Cooke was the first governor of the District of Columbia when that
+new form of municipal government was begun, to last through only three
+terms. There were twelve children in the Cooke family then living in
+this house. They were ardent members of St. John's Church&mdash;the font
+there being in memory of one little son. Mr. Cooke built Grace Church,
+the little gray stone church down below the canal near High Street
+(Wisconsin Avenue). It was intended for the canal people of whom there
+were many at that time.</p>
+
+<p>Governor Cooke bought a great deal of property and built four sets of
+twin houses along the north side of Stoddert (Q) Street, which were
+called, until a few years ago, Cooke Row. In Number One, near Washington
+(30th) Street, lived one family of his descendants, one of whom, a young
+man, played the piano very well. In Number Three, lived Mrs. Shepherd
+from Philadelphia, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span> widow, who had one son. He was the first person I
+ever knew to commit suicide. It was a terrible shock to the town when we
+heard one morning that he had shot himself the night before. It was not
+such a common event in the nineties as nowadays.</p>
+
+<p>In one of these houses lived Commodore Nicholson, and in another lived
+Admiral Radford, whose lovely daughter, Sophy, became the bride of
+Valdemar de Meisner, secretary of the Russian Legation. In Number Four,
+lived Mrs. Zola Green with her daughter and her two sisters, named
+Pyle&mdash;one of them was called Miss "Chit-Chat." Mr. Green, who was a
+descendant of Uriah Forrest, had been given the name of Oceola after the
+Indian Chief who had saved the life of his father years ago out West.</p>
+
+<p>At Number Five Cooke Row, now 3021 Q Street, lived during the nineties,
+Dr. Walter Reed, of the United States Army, whose name is honored by
+being given to the huge General Hospital in Washington because of his
+association with the discovery of the cause of yellow fever. I recall a
+most delightful party at the Reeds on St. Valentine night in 1899, given
+for friends of their son. When the invitations were sent out, we were
+told the name of the young man or girl to whom our valentine was to be
+written. It was at the time of the tremendous blizzard of that year, and
+we walked to the party between drifts of snow piled higher than our
+heads. But it was anything but cold when we got inside&mdash;open fires and
+jollity! Dr. Reed read aloud the poems, one by one, and we had to guess
+the authors and to whom they were addressed. In the library, ensconced
+in mysterious gloom, seated in a corner on the floor was a
+fortune-teller. It was a perfect party!</p>
+
+<p>Next door, at Number Six Cooke Row, for a great many<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span> years, lived
+William A. Gordon, junior, and his family. Mr. Gordon wrote some very
+valuable brochures of historical interest about Georgetown and his
+memories of it from his childhood. This house is now the home of Mrs.
+Henry Latrobe Roosevelt. During World War II, this was the home of Sir
+John and Lady Dill, when he was here representing Great Britain on the
+Joint Chiefs of Staff.</p>
+
+<p>At Number Seven lived the Misses Trapier&mdash;four old maids again!</p>
+
+<p>J. Holdsworth Gordon, brother of William A. Gordon, built a house across
+the street. For him the Gordon Junior High School has been named, he
+having been for a long time on the board of education.</p>
+
+<p>Next door to him on the east, at number 3020, is an attractive old
+house, and in the nineties it was filled with a family of four charming
+daughters. They were related to the Carters of Virginia, and so had
+given two of the most imposing names of that great family to two small
+fox-terriers that they adored, "King Carter," and "Shirley Carter." The
+latter had met with an accident and had to have one of his hind legs
+amputated, but he got about very nimbly on his other three. They always
+accompanied Colonel B. Lewis Blackford, the head of the house, on his
+trips about town. One day as he was nearing home, an old lady who walked
+with a cane was just about to pass him when "Shirley Carter" hopped
+immediately across his path; "Get out of my way, you damn tripod!" he
+said, in his exasperation, just escaping being tripped up. The old lady,
+thinking the "tripod" referred to her adjunct of a cane, was quite
+infuriated, even to summoning across the street a gentleman who was
+passing, and to wishing him to "call the Colonel out!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>A little further eastward along Stoddert (Q) Street, on the northeast
+corner is the house Mr. Joseph Nourse built in 1868, and where his
+daughter, Miss Emily Nourse, lived all her life. After her death, it was
+sold and somebody put two old lamp-posts at the foot of the entrance
+steps with gas flickering in them continuously&mdash;and now there is a story
+around that they were "always" there, and some foolishness about the
+lights "never had gone out" or "must never go out."</p>
+
+<p>Across the street, where the Stoddert Apartment now is, used to be an
+old house, in appearance quite like the one of Judge Chapman's on
+Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street, except for the long, side
+porches. Here lived in the seventies and eighties General Henry Hayes
+Lockwood and his family. His son, James Lockwood, accompanied General
+Greeley on his trip to the North Pole, and was lost there in the Arctic,
+holding the record at that time of having reached farthest North.</p>
+
+<p>A block south, on the northeast corner of Greene (29th) and West (P)
+Streets, is where Alexander Hamilton Dodge lived, who was a partner with
+his brother, Francis, in the shipping business. He was the father of
+Colonel Harrison H. Dodge.</p>
+
+<p>In the days when his children were young, he had a big Newfoundland dog
+which he had raised from a puppy. One rarely sees one now, as tall and
+as big as a half-grown calf, with a coat of wonderful black, curly hair.
+Such pets used to be quite popular, but only once in forty years have I
+run across another. The Dodge's dog was named Argus. So strong and
+docile was he that two children could ride him at the same time. He
+loved the children, took them to school, and gave them "lifts" over wet
+or muddy ground.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span> Do you remember "Nana," in <i>Peter Pan</i>? She was a
+Newfoundland dog&mdash;just so she nursed her master's children. Returning
+from escort duty in the morning, a locked container was fastened to his
+collar and he would be given the word "office," which was enough. Off
+he'd go, proudly bearing luncheon to his master, who, in return, would
+send back to the family the daily mail (no postmen to deliver in those
+days), perfectly confident of its reaching its destination safely, as
+everybody knew the big dog, and also that he would resent any attempt to
+stop him or take things from him.</p>
+
+<p>One day the cook complained to Mr. Dodge that somebody had evidently
+been robbing the hen's nests, as she was getting fewer eggs than usual.
+Mr. Dodge, going to investigate, met Argus coming down the path from the
+barn wagging his tail majestically, as was his wont when approaching his
+master. Mr. Dodge stopped and held out his hand, saying, "Argus, give me
+that egg," whereupon the obedient dog opened his mouth and out rolled an
+egg, to the great surprise of Mr. Dodge. Did he punish Argus for that?
+Not at all, but he told him he was sorry he was a robber and hoped he'd
+never have cause to scold him again. And he never did!</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-266.jpg" width="400" height="572" alt="William A. Gordon" title="William A. Gordon" />
+<span class="caption smcap">William A. Gordon</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The interesting-looking house to the east of Hamilton Dodge's, 2811 P
+Street, was built in 1840. That is where the Gordon family were living
+when William A. Gordon, junior, came back from the Civil War. Certainly,
+that must have been a joyous occasion, and there were happy hearts
+within the old walls that night. His sister Josephine (Mrs. Sowers),
+Margaret Robinson (Mrs. Thomas Cox), and Elizabeth Dodge (Mrs. John
+Beall), all exceed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span>ingly handsome women, were belles in their youth,
+and a trio of great friends to the end of their lives.</p>
+
+<p>The family of Admiral Sigsbee were living here when the U. S. battleship
+<i>Maine</i>, of which he was the captain, was blown up in the harbor of
+Havana in 1898. His wife was a daughter of Admiral Lockwood. It is now
+the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Ihlder.</p>
+
+<p>At 2805 P Street lives Honorable Dean G. Acheson, now Secretary of
+State. For a while, in the latter part of the last century, a quaint and
+very well-known lady made this house her home&mdash;Miss Emily V. Mason, of
+Virginia, from whom Mr. Corcoran received friendly and grateful letters,
+thanking him for contributions to her work for "her children," as she
+called them. The letters were written from Europe. She evidently had
+groups of Southern children in various cities for whom she provided,
+using for that purpose money made by her writings, to which she refers.
+I remember how picturesque she was in appearance: a lovely face,
+surrounded by long, white curls, crowned by a wide-brimmed, black bonnet
+tied with a wide ribbon. She seemed to have quite a salon during her
+residence here, serving tea and substantial refreshments to all her
+friends who called in the afternoons.</p>
+
+<p>The iron fence around these houses is made of old musket barrels, used
+during the Mexican War, and was put there by Reuben Daw, who owned a
+large part of this block.</p>
+
+<p>Just across the street from Mr. Acheson used to live a lady, the widow
+of Mr. Hein, the artist, who like "Anna" in the Bible spent all her days
+in the "courts of the Lord," the Catholic Church. She always wore a long
+black coat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span> and a cr&ecirc;pe veil to her heels, rode a bicycle back and forth
+to church, the long veil floating out behind. One evening she was struck
+by an automobile and killed instantly. The niece to whom she had left
+her little house had made an arrangement with a middle-aged woman living
+there that if she took care of "Aunt Martha" she could have the house
+tax free all her days. Her days are still continuing&mdash;and with all the
+advance in prices of houses, the niece can't do a thing about the house!</p>
+
+<p>The dear little white frame cottage just above here on Montgomery (28th)
+Street, was built about 1840, and occupied by Benjamin F. Miller, who
+came from Saugerties, New York, as an engineer, to construct the
+Aqueduct Bridge which carried the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal across the
+river to Virginia. And, on the corner of Montgomery (28th) and Stoddert
+(Q) Streets is the last of the big Dodge houses on the corners of
+Georgetown. It is the one built by Robert Perley Dodge in 1850. He and
+his brother, Francis Dodge, junior, used practically the same plans for
+their houses. Robert Dodge was a civil engineer, and, I think, had
+something to do with the planning of the Aqueduct Bridge.</p>
+
+<p>At the outbreak of the Civil War, Robert Dodge became a paymaster in the
+Union Army. After the war, he became identified with the government of
+the District of Columbia, serving as treasurer and auditor for several
+years until he died. It is said he planted the enormous maple trees that
+adorn this block of 28th Street.</p>
+
+<p>During the first World War, when this house had stood a long time
+untenanted and sad, it was opened up as a night club called "The
+Carcassonne," and postals were sent out advertising "Coffee in the Coal
+Bin." These were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span> the days of prohibition. Somebody who lived there
+played the piano, incessantly. The Ballengers had lived here; the
+Powells, and Major Gilliss; and then Mrs. Ruth Hanna McCormick (now Mrs.
+Albert Simms), lived here until she bought three houses down on 30th
+Street below N Street, and made them into one very attractive house with
+an unusual and lovely garden.</p>
+
+<p>Later Honorable Warren Delano Robbins, a first cousin of Franklin D.
+Roosevelt and one of the ushers at his wedding, and at one time Minister
+to Canada, bought this house, changed it somewhat and made it very
+lovely in its new dress of yellow paint on the old plaster.</p>
+
+<p>When he went to Ottawa he leased it to Honorable Dwight F. Davis, former
+Secretary of War, once Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, and
+also donor of the Davis Tennis Cup.</p>
+
+<p>It has now for several years been the home of Mrs. William Corcoran
+Eustis. She is the daughter of one-time Vice-President Paul Morton.</p>
+
+<p>Just across the street from here is the house that Honorable and Mrs.
+Robert Woods Bliss bought when they gave their fine estate, "Dumbarton
+Oaks," to Harvard University. This house was built by Mr. Thomas Hyde
+and was where he and Mrs. Hyde lived till the end of their days. She was
+Fannie Rittenhouse and had grown up in the old house close by, known for
+a hundred years as "Bellevue," but renamed "Dumbarton House," when the
+National Society of Colonial Dames of America bought it for their
+Headquarters in 1928. It is one of the finest, most beautiful, and most
+interesting of the old places of Georgetown. It has always been somewhat
+shrouded in mystery, as to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[Pg 253]</a></span> its builder and owner. We do know, of
+course, that this was part of the grant of the Rock of Dumbarton to
+Ninian Beall and, through his son, George, descended to Thomas, who, in
+1783 made his first Addition to George Town. Thomas may have built a
+small house here, but this was not the house where his father, George,
+was living when his wife died and was "buried nearby"&mdash;that was on Gay
+(N) Street at the house now 3033 N Street.</p>
+
+<p>In 1796 Thomas Beall of George sold this property to Peter Casanave,
+who, two months later, sold it to Uriah Forrest. He kept it for a
+year&mdash;never lived there&mdash;and sold it to Isaac Pollock. There was wild
+speculation in real estate at that time on account of the new Federal
+City being located here. After one year Pollock sold the property to
+Samuel Jackson.</p>
+
+<p>It seems that it was then that Samuel Jackson started to build this
+mansion, but got into financial difficulties and it was mortgaged to two
+or three people and finally foreclosed. In 1804 the place was bought by
+Gabriel Duval, then Comptroller of the Currency of the United States,
+afterwards a Justice of the Supreme Court.</p>
+
+<p>In 1805 Joseph Nourse, Registrar of the United States Treasury, who had
+been until that time living on Congress (31st) Street in George Town,
+bought it and lived there until 1813. He had this position from 1789 to
+1829 and was in charge of moving all the records of the Treasury
+Department when the Government moved from Philadelphia to the new
+capital in Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Nourse had been born in London in 1754; came to Virginia and fought
+in the Revolution. He was secretary to General Charles Lee and Auditor
+of the Board of War.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</a></span> His wife was Maria Louisa Bull of Philadelphia,
+and they had two children, Charles Joseph Nourse, who became a Major in
+the Army, and Anna Maria Josepha, who was a lovely girl and took part in
+the prominent social affairs of the new city. She is spoken of in the
+diary of Sir Augustus Foster, British Minister of that period.</p>
+
+<p>When the National Society of Colonial Dames had this house restored, a
+penny bearing the date 1800 was found in one of the front walls where
+such an identification was often placed, and architects think that
+Samuel Jackson began to build this house, using perhaps the little house
+that was on the property as a wing, and that then Joseph Nourse took it
+over and was really the builder of this fine mansion. It was probably
+intended for entertaining for his beloved daughter, for, after her
+death, which occurred at one of the Virginia springs one summer, he sold
+the place and moved out to a small frame house on a high hill
+overlooking the Federal City. He called his new home "Mount Alban,"
+because it reminded him of the place of the same name in England. It was
+there that the first British martyr, Saint Alban, was killed. Mr. Nourse
+was a very religious man and used to walk about in the grove of oak
+trees surrounding his house and pray that some day a House of God might
+stand upon that spot; that is exactly where the Washington Cathedral is
+now being erected.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Nourse had many famous guests visit him in his modest home
+there&mdash;among them: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, and
+John Quincy Adams.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-272.jpg" width="600" height="384" alt="Dumbarton House" title="Dumbarton House" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Dumbarton House</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Mr. Nourse's son, Major Charles Joseph Nourse, married Rebecca Morris
+whose father, Anthony Morris, of Philadelphia, was an intimate and
+life-long friend of Dolly Madison. Major Nourse built the old stone
+house<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[Pg 256]</a></span> out on the road to Rockville and called it "The Highlands."
+Tradition says that a large box bush at "The Highlands" has grown from a
+tiny sprig of box which Mrs. Madison plucked from her bouquet at the
+inauguration of her husband and gave to Mr. Morris.</p>
+
+<p>"The Highlands" was a large household, for Major and Mrs. Nourse had
+eleven children, and Mr. Morris resided there also. They have been a
+very remarkable family, noted for their longevity, their steadfast,
+noble character, and their loyalty to the Episcopal Church. It was from
+the prayers and savings of Phoebe Nourse, who died as a young girl, that
+St. Alban's Church has risen on that ground which she wished to dedicate
+to the glory of God.</p>
+
+<p>"The Highlands" many years later became the home of Admiral and Mrs.
+Gary T. Grayson.</p>
+
+<p>But to return to the old house which blocked Stoddert (Q) Street or Back
+Street, as it was sometimes called. Mr. Nourse sold this house, his
+Georgetown home, in 1813 to Charles Carroll, who gave it the name of
+Bellevue, and thereafter always styled himself "of Bellevue." He was a
+nephew of Daniel Carroll, of Duddington. He also was a great friend of
+Mrs. Madison's, and helped her in her dramatic escape from the White
+House when the British were on their way to burn and plunder it. There
+has always been a story that Daniel Carroll brought her over the road to
+Georgetown, crossing at the P Street bridge, and that she stopped by
+Bellevue. There she is supposed to have met Mr. Madison whom she had not
+seen since early morning. This was the day of the Battle of Bladensburg
+when confusion reigned supreme. At the meeting Mr. and Mrs. Madison
+agreed on the routes and rendezvous of retreat.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>From old letters it seems that she continued on out of town to "Weston,"
+the estate of Walter S. Chandler, which was situated near the present
+junction of Massachusetts and Wisconsin Avenues. I can dimly remember
+the quaint white, frame house and the legend of Dolly Madison being
+there. She then went on to the encampment at Tenally Town, where she
+slept in a tent that night under guard, and the next day crossed into
+Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Carroll and his brother had not long before become owners of the
+paper mill on Rock Creek just south of Bellevue, so that must have been
+his reason for making it his home.</p>
+
+<p>In 1820 he leased the place to Samuel Whitall, of Philadelphia, whose
+wife was Lydia Newbold. Mr. Whitall was a distinguished-looking old
+gentleman, and used to drive around in a high, two-wheeled gig, the last
+of its kind in the town.</p>
+
+<p>When Charles Carroll died in 1841, the place was bought by the son of
+Mr. and Mrs. Whitall. A daughter, Sarah Whitall, was born at Bellevue in
+1822 and lived there for over seventy years. She married Mr. Rittenhouse
+of Philadelphia. The place remained in the Rittenhouse family until
+1896, when they sold it to Howard Hinckley. In the intervening years,
+its appearance had been greatly changed by a coat of plaster over the
+old bricks, which Mr. Hinckley removed. It was very lovely, both inside
+and out, during the years that Mr. and Mrs. Hinckley made it their home.
+Some very delightful parties were given there. Then candlelight was the
+only illumination, and even the flowers used were redolent of colonial
+days. The rooms were filled with furniture of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</a></span> the right type; and I
+remember that the bedrooms even had the old washstands with holes in the
+tops for bowls and pitchers which also were exactly "right" in their
+period.</p>
+
+<p>After that, Colonel Langfitt leased the house, and a very lovely wedding
+took place out of doors under an enormous tree, when his daughter
+married an officer of the United States Army.</p>
+
+<p>In 1912 it was bought by John L. Newbold, a relative of the Lydia
+Newbold of long ago. After a great deal of agitation on the subject of
+cutting Q Street through, and putting a bridge across Rock Creek to
+connect with the city, the District government in 1915 moved the old
+house to its present location, for it had been sitting exactly in the
+path of progress all these years, there being a George Town Ordinance
+that a street could not be cut through without consent of the owner. I
+only wish progress could have made a circle around the old mansion and
+left it in its setting of stately, primeval trees.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Loulie Rittenhouse, who had been born and reared there, worked
+untiringly for the opening of the street, the bridge, and also for
+Montrose Park, with the salvation of the glorious old oak trees it
+contains.</p>
+
+<p>Slowly, very, very slowly, old Bellevue was placed on huge rollers,
+horses were attached to a windlass, and it almost took a microscope to
+see the progress made day by day, but at last it reached its present
+site, safe and sound. It was necessary to pull down and rebuild the
+wings, as they had no cellars. Of course, the wall is also new.</p>
+
+<p>It was leased during World War I to various people of importance in
+Washington for war work, and finally, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[Pg 259]</a></span> 1928, bought by the National
+Society of Colonial Dames of America. It has been handsomely and
+suitably furnished as a house of the Federal period, and is open to the
+public as a museum house. A beautiful house it is; the usual wide hall
+through the middle, with vistas through the two big doors, four rooms
+opening off it, the two back ones being rounded out at the northern
+ends.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[Pg 260]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-277.jpg" width="600" height="385" alt="Tudor Place" title="Tudor Place" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Tudor Place</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[Pg 261]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="Chapter_XV" id="Chapter_XV"></a>Chapter XV</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Tudor Place and Congress (31st) Street</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-278-sm.jpg" alt="L"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">LIKE the brightest jewel in its crown of old houses, Tudor Place, now
+the home of Armistead Peter, junior, sits high and aloof on the heights
+of Georgetown. Its southern front, shown here, is the one most familiar
+to everyone, and it is the view that I looked out on every day of my
+life for more than a score of years from my father's house on Stoddert
+(Q) Street.</p></div>
+
+<p>As Mrs. Beverley Kennon, its owner during my youth, was my cousin and
+had her motherless grandchildren living with her, some of my earliest
+recollections are of running round and round the old circle of box in
+front of the north entrance, playing "colors." I never, to this day,
+smell box that I am not back at Tudor Place and see the cobwebs in the
+old bushes bright with raindrops, as box, of course, is really fragrant
+only after rain. Also there were lovely times in the fall when the
+leaves were being raked up by old John, the colored gardener, who would
+let us climb on top of the brilliant load in a wheelbarrow with a crate
+on top of it. Such rides! Old John was a character (and one we loved
+dearly), not much over five feet tall, with grizzled hair and goatee,
+and always wearing an apron tied around his waist and a derby hat on his
+head.</p>
+
+<p>Tudor Place was purchased by Francis Lowndes, one of the prominent
+tobacco merchants and shippers, in 1794,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[Pg 262]</a></span> from Thomas Beall of George
+who made a large addition to George Town in 1783, called by his name.
+Mr. Lowndes started to build a mansion, but in 1805 he sold the property
+to Thomas Peter and his wife, the former Martha Parke Custis.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/illus-279.jpg" width="400" height="457" alt="Thomas Peter" title="Thomas Peter" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Thomas Peter</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>When the Peters moved to their new home in George Town they used the
+western wing, already built, with its addition on the east, as their
+home, and the eastern wing was their carriage house and stable. This
+fact has been proved by finding below the floors the signs of the old
+stalls, and up in the rafters the corncobs of long ago. I have known
+people who remembered the old yellow<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[Pg 263]</a></span> coach which often stood out in the
+stable yard, and I've been told that if one dug deep enough its
+cobblestones would still be found.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Peter decided to use the fortune left her by her
+grandmother, Mrs. Washington, to build a stately mansion. They certainly
+succeeded. They engaged as architect Dr. William Thornton, whose plans
+for the Capitol had been accepted in the second competition, as the
+first yielded none sufficiently good.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Thornton and his wife were intimate friends of the Peters, and a
+beautiful miniature of him, done by her, is now in the possession of one
+of the family. Mrs. Thornton was with Mrs. Peter when the British
+soldiers set fire to the Capitol in 1814, and the two ladies sat at the
+window of what is now the dining room of Tudor Place&mdash;the low part
+between the main building and the western wing&mdash;and watched the
+conflagration. You can imagine their grief as one saw the work of her
+husband destroyed, and the other, the building which had been so much in
+the mind and heart of her revered grandfather.</p>
+
+<p>There is in existence a very lovely painting of Mrs. Peter at about the
+time of her marriage; a sweet, young girl with light curls, and the
+embodiment of daintiness. Suspended about her neck is, I think, the
+miniature which General Washington had painted for her as a wedding
+gift. When he asked her what she wanted she replied "a replica of
+himself." He was much pleased that a young girl would want a portrait of
+an old man! The photograph reproduced of Thomas Peter is from a portrait
+done by him by his son-in-law, Captain William G. Williams.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[Pg 264]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-281.jpg" width="400" height="456" alt="Mrs. Thomas Peter (Martha Parke Custis)" title="Mrs. Thomas Peter (Martha Parke Custis)" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Mrs. Thomas Peter (Martha Parke Custis)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>While on a visit to Tudor Place occurred the death of Mrs. Peter's
+mother, the former Eleanor Calvert. She was fifty-three years old, and
+had borne twenty children.</p>
+
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Peter had a family of eight children. Three of the
+daughters had striking names: America, Columbia, and Britannia.</p>
+
+<p>When General Lafayette paid his visit to Georgetown in 1824 it was, of
+course, most natural that he should be entertained at Tudor Place, as
+Mrs. Peter had known him in her childhood at Mount Vernon. At that time
+America met her husband, Captain Williams, who was acting as an aide for
+the Marquis. In later years, as chief of engi<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[Pg 265]</a></span>neers on the staff of
+General Zachary Taylor, Captain Williams was killed at the Battle of
+Monterey. On that same visit Lafayette presented the youngest child,
+Britannia, a little girl of nine, with a lovely little desk, now in the
+National Museum in the loan collection of her grandson, Walter G. Peter.
+On its under side it has an inscription in the handwriting of Martha
+Custis Peter, telling her daughter its history.</p>
+
+<p>Britannia Wellington Peter was born on January 27, 1815. She died the
+day before her ninety-sixth birthday, and this editorial, from <i>The
+Baltimore Sun</i>, gives a fine picture of the changes in the world in the
+years covered by the span of her life:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="center smcap">A Long and Interesting Life</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Britannia Wellington Kennon, who died at Tudor Place, her
+historic home in Georgetown, on the 26th instant, and who will be
+buried today, was for many years a most interesting figure in the
+social life of Washington. She was the last in her generation of
+the descendants of Mrs. Martha Washington. John Parke Custis, Mrs.
+Washington's son, left four children. One of his daughters, Martha,
+married Thomas Peter, and Mrs. Kennon was their daughter. She
+married Commodore Beverley Kennon, of the United States Navy, whose
+father was General Richard Kennon, of Washington's staff, a charter
+member of the Society of the Cincinnati, and a grandson of Sir
+William Skipwith. Commodore Kennon was killed in 1844 by the
+explosion on the U. S. S. <i>Princeton</i>, so Mrs. Kennon was a widow
+for more than sixty-six years.</p>
+
+<p>Tudor Place, Mrs. Kennon's home, was famous for the distinguished
+guests that were entertained there, among them being General
+Lafayette, who visited there in 1824. She was the center of an
+intellectual and cultivated society, and was always in touch with
+the progress of events in the world.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Kennon was born three weeks after the Battle of New<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[Pg 266]</a></span> Orleans,
+and several months before the Battle of Waterloo. Her life spanned
+the period of the great advance in the appliances of civilization
+in this and the last century. It was very important that the news
+of the battle of Waterloo should reach London without delay, and
+yet with every appliance and speed then known, it took three days
+for the news to reach England. Indeed, when Mrs. Kennon was
+thirty-two years of age, it required eight months to travel from
+New England to Oregon. At the age of fifteen she could have been a
+passenger on the first passenger railroad train that was ever run;
+until she was five years old, there was no such thing as an iron
+plow in all the world, and until she was grown up, the people were
+dependent on tinder boxes and sun glasses to light their fires. She
+had reached the age of twenty-three years when steam communication
+between Europe and America was established, and when the first
+telegram ever sent passed between Baltimore and Washington she was
+still a young woman. If all the advances in civilization which took
+place during the lifetime of this remarkable lady were catalogued,
+they would make a singularly interesting list.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mrs. Kennon was left a widow when less than thirty years of age, with
+her one child, Martha Custis Kennon. To Mrs. Kennon and her daughter
+Mrs. Thomas Peter bequeathed Tudor Place, having long survived her
+husband, and her other children having received their inheritance.
+Martha Custis Kennon married her cousin, Dr. Armistead Peter, the son of
+Major George Peter, and so the original surname came back to the place,
+which has never been out of the one family.</p>
+
+<p>Until the death of Mrs. Kennon when they were, of course, divided, there
+was at Tudor Place a very large and valuable collection of Washington
+relics, fascinating things, among them Mrs. Washington's seed-pearl
+wedding jewelry and dress, a set of china made for and pre<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[Pg 267]</a></span>sented to
+General Washington by the French government, the bowl given him by the
+Order of the Cincinnati, and numberless other interesting things. In a
+corner of the central room, the saloon, as it is called, was the small
+camp trunk always used by the General. The room on the east, off of
+which opens the conservatory, is the drawing room; that to the west, the
+parlor. The saloon opens out onto the temple, the round porch on the
+south. The two large rooms at each side have lovely cornices, beautiful
+marble mantels and handsome crystal chandeliers; long group windows to
+the floor and very unusual doors of curly maple. At the debut tea of
+Mrs. Kennon's granddaughter, I was helping to serve, when, seeing two
+dear old ladies, one very short, the other very tall, both dressed in
+simple black with big bonnets and long veils, looking about in the crowd
+as if they were trying to see something particular, I went up and asked
+them if I could bring them some refreshments. They said, "No, thank you,
+we really don't want anything, we are just trying to see if there are
+the same ornaments on the table as when Britannia was married." I found
+out afterward that the ornaments were three beautiful alabaster groups
+of classic figures. The two old ladies were Miss Mary and Miss Rosa
+Nourse, of The Highlands.</p>
+
+<p>Britannia Peter was a first cousin of Mary Custis, of Arlington, and was
+one of the bridesmaids at the wedding there which united the daughter of
+George Washington Parke Custis to the handsome United States army
+officer, Robert Edward Lee. The friendship was an enduring one, and
+General Lee visited Tudor Place when he paid his last visit to
+Washington City in 1869.</p>
+
+<p>Britannia Peter was bridesmaid for another first cousin,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[Pg 268]</a></span> Helen Dunlop,
+when she was married at Hayes to William Laird.</p>
+
+<p>From the descendant of another one of those bridesmaids at that famous
+wedding at Arlington who, as a young girl, paid long visits to Mary
+Custis, I heard this delicious story: "There being no telephones, when
+the girls at Arlington and at Tudor Place wanted to get together they
+had a series of signals. Hanging a red flannel petticoat out of the
+window meant 'come on over'. A white one had another meaning. This
+method was not popular with the owners of the two mansions, but
+persisted, nevertheless." To prove this, not long ago I went to
+Arlington with the person who told me the story. The room there used by
+the girls of those days does look toward Georgetown. There is a forest
+of tall trees there now but trees can grow very tall in a hundred years.</p>
+
+<p>When my father built his house at the foot of Mrs. Kennon's place, she
+told him she was so glad to have him near by, but chided him for cutting
+off her view of the river.</p>
+
+<p>Until only a few years before her death, Mrs. Kennon sat perfectly erect
+in her chair, never touching the back, and I can remember her as quite
+an old lady, almost flying up the hill of Congress (31st) Street,
+always, of course, in bonnet and long, cr&ecirc;pe veil. She was a member of
+Christ Church, and once many, many years ago when a parish meeting was
+announced to decide some important question, the rector and gentlemen
+were very much surprised on entering the vestry to find Mrs. Kennon
+there waiting for the meeting. She said she wished to have a say in the
+matter, and having no man to represent her, had come herself. So she was
+the original suffragette!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[Pg 269]</a></span> Mrs. Kennon was one of the early presidents
+of the Louise Home, and was the first president of the National Society
+of Colonial Dames of America in the District of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Before the day of country clubs there used to be a very fine tennis
+court at Tudor Place, on the flat part to the north of the house not far
+from Congress (31st) Street, and it was much used. The Peter boys were
+champions of the District several times. In the first administration of
+President Cleveland, Mrs. Cleveland, a bride, used to drive her husband
+in from Oak View or, as it was popularly called, Red Top, to his office
+at the White House nearly every morning in a low, one-horse ph&aelig;ton. No
+secret-service entourage in those days! In the evenings she came again
+in style in a Victoria, and frequently they would stop opposite Tudor
+Place and watch the game in progress. There was a good deal of intimacy
+between Tudor Place and "Red Top" in those days.</p>
+
+<p>The only football I ever heard of being played at Tudor Place was by a
+team of which my youngest brother was a member. They had nowhere to
+play, so he walked up there one day, and being a very engaging young man
+of about ten years, with big, blue eyes and a charming smile, he asked
+the old lady for permission, which she gave. She used to sit by the long
+window in the parlor and watch them with great interest and pleasure.
+Some other boys thought they would like the same privilege and asked for
+it, but she told me she always asked, "Are you a friend of my little
+cousin?" Only his friends could play there.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Kennon lived all her long and active life at Tudor Place, with the
+exception of two brief periods. The first was the year and a half when
+she was living at the Washington Navy Yard with her husband while he was
+sta<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[Pg 270]</a></span>tioned there. And the second was when her daughter was at boarding
+school in Philadelphia, just before the Civil War, and she leased the
+place to Mr. Pendleton, a Representative in Congress from Virginia. Of
+course, after the secession of that State, Mr. Pendleton left Washington
+City&mdash;but very hurriedly. Mrs. Kennon heard that her home was to be
+taken over by the United States government to be used as a hospital so
+she hastened back and occupied it herself. She took as boarders several
+Federal officers on the one condition that the affairs of the war should
+not be discussed.</p>
+
+<p>The last time I saw her was not many months before her death, sitting in
+a chair in her bedroom and very, very feeble. When I told her good-bye,
+she kept saying something to me over and over, which I couldn't
+understand. Finally I leaned down very close, and heard, "Be a good
+girl." I was then the mother of two children, but to her, just a little
+girl and the daughter of my father and mother, of whom she was very
+fond.</p>
+
+<p>Opposite Tudor Place, where now is a twin apartment house, was until the
+nineteen-twenties a simple old brick house somewhat like the old Mackall
+house on Greene (29th) Street, only minus a portico. When I knew it it
+was the home of the Philip Darneilles&mdash;and I remember hearing my mother
+say, "But Mrs. Darneille was a Harry!" Which meant nothing to me until I
+looked up the title to this place, and there I found that all this land
+went right back to Harriot Beall, Mrs. Elisha O. Williams, one of the
+three daughters of Brooke Beall, who was among those wealthy shipping
+merchants who were responsible for Georgetown's early prosperity.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Harriot Beall Williams left this property, all the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</a></span> way down to
+Back (Q) Street, to her daughter Harriot Eliza Harry. Through her it
+passed to Harriot Beall Chesley, and then to her daughter, Emily
+McIlvain Darneille. The old house stood untenanted for several years
+until bought for the erection of the apartments.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Darneille had three daughters, the eldest really a beauty
+(the youngest inherited the old name of Harriot), and they had a great
+deal of gaiety there in the nineties. I remember especially the New
+Year's Day receptions they used to have, the many "hacks" overflowing
+with young men, that used to climb the hill. It was the custom in those
+days for the ladies of each household to receive on the afternoon of
+that day. Only gentleman callers came, all dressed in their very best,
+and left their cards for all the ladies of their acquaintance. If you
+weren't receiving (attired in your best, sometimes to the extent of real
+low-necked evening dresses, the dining room table loaded with salads,
+old hams, biscuits, ices, candies, tea and coffee&mdash;and always a punch
+bowl on the side) you hung a basket on your front door bell, and the
+callers just deposited their cards and went on to the next place.</p>
+
+<p>What fun the children had, watching the front doors and counting the
+cards; and there was a real thrill when the caller happened to be an
+Army or Navy officer, attired in full-dress uniform with gold braid and
+feathers, having earlier in the day paid his respects at the White
+House.</p>
+
+<p>On part of the Darneille property stands an intriguing frame house. It
+is quite an old house and stood originally several hundred feet to the
+eastward in Mackall Square, the property owned by Christiana Beall
+Mackall, who was the sister of Harriot Beall Williams. So you see one
+sister<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[Pg 272]</a></span> sold it to the other and it took a trip across Washington (30th)
+Street to reside on Congress (31st) Street. I wonder how they moved it
+in those days, for it was a long, long time ago.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dodge lived there after they left Evermay.</p>
+
+<p>In the 1880's this house, 1633 31st Street, was the home of a very
+interesting and eminent person, John Wesley Powell, American geologist
+and ethnologist. I now quote from the <i>Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica</i>: "He was
+born at Mount Morris, N. Y., March 24, 1834. His parents were of English
+birth, but had moved to America in 1830, and he was educated at Illinois
+and Oberlin colleges. He began his geological work with a series of
+field trips including a trip throughout the length of the Mississippi in
+a rowboat, the length of the Ohio, and of the Illinois. When the Civil
+War broke out he entered the Union Army as a private, and at the battle
+of Shiloh he lost his right arm but continued in active service,
+reaching the rank of major of volunteers. In 1865 he was appointed
+professor of geology and curator of the museum in the Illinois Wesleyan
+university at Bloomington, and afterwards at the Normal university.</p>
+
+<p>In 1867 he commenced a series of expeditions to the Rocky Mountains and
+the canyons of the Green and Colorado rivers, during the course of which
+(1869) he made a daring boat-journey of three months through the Grand
+Canyon; he also made a special study of the Indians and their languages
+for the Smithsonian Institution, in which he founded and directed a
+bureau of ethnology. His able work led to the establishment under the U.
+S. Government of the geographical and geological survey of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[Pg 273]</a></span> the Rocky
+Mountain region with which he was occupied from 1870 to 1879. This
+survey was incorporated with the United States geological and
+geographical survey in 1879, when Powell became director of the bureau
+of ethnology. In 1881, Powell was appointed director also of the
+geological survey, a post which he occupied until 1894. He died in
+Haven, Me., on Sept. 23, 1902."</p>
+
+<p>On two panes of glass in the front windows of this old house are names
+etched by a diamond&mdash;on one is "Genevieve Powell," under it "Louis Hill"
+and under that "1884." She probably was the daughter of Mr. Powell.</p>
+
+<p>On the other pane of glass is etched "Moses and Mary." To the owners of
+the house that means nothing, but to me it means "Moses Moore," who was
+not a man but a woman (whose real name was "Frank"), and Mary Compton,
+both of whom I knew and still know.</p>
+
+<p>In the nineties it was for awhile the home of Mrs. Donna Otie Compton,
+who was the daughter of Bishop James Hervey Otie, first Episcopal Bishop
+of Tennessee. She was a picturesque figure, attired in her widow's cap
+and long cr&ecirc;pe veil. Mrs. Compton had four daughters who were great
+belles.</p>
+
+<p>Then for a good many years it stood there looking quite deserted, for
+old Mr. Arnold, its owner, was almost a cripple and one rarely saw him
+making his way up the street with great difficulty. Now General and Mrs.
+Frank R. McCoy have bought it and made it a charming house with a lovely
+garden.</p>
+
+<p>Through the alley just north of here, described in the title as "a
+private road," we can reach another house built on that same property of
+the Harry's, but just who built it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[Pg 274]</a></span> I do not know. It also was vacant
+when I was a girl, for I remember going to a Fair there one night in the
+spring when it had been loaned for some charity. In 1930 the house was
+bought by Miss Harriet and Miss Mary Winslow, who have added a lovely
+music room at the rear, but have kept the old-time appearance of the
+house. A mammoth oak tree, the pride of the owners, stands near the
+house.</p>
+
+<p>The next house on Congress (31st) Street has another fine oak tree in
+front of it, and used to have a companion even larger on the other side
+of the walk. This property also came through Mrs. Harriot Beall Williams
+to Mrs. Brooke Williams, senior, and her daughter, Mrs. Johns, who lived
+there with her family.</p>
+
+<p>A romantic story is told of how Captain William Brooke Johns, of the
+United States Army, one day saw at a picnic the beautiful Miss Leonora
+de la Roche, and fell in love with her immediately. But, since it was
+not considered good form in those days to be presented to a lady at a
+picnic, he watched her from a distance all day. The next afternoon he
+went to call. It was a case of love at first sight for both, and the
+wedding soon followed, with all the military splendor. As was told
+before, when the Civil War came he left the Union Army. Captain Johns
+had quite a talent for carving, and did a very good medallion of General
+Grant, who continued always to be a true friend to him. He also invented
+a tent which was used during the Civil War by the Northern Army.</p>
+
+<p>This house was, for more than a generation, the home of Colonel and Mrs.
+John Addison.</p>
+
+<p>At that time it was a two-story house, with quite a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</a></span> different roof. It
+was a big, merry household with four sons and four daughters. The
+daughters were reigning belles in those days, and the old custom of
+serenading was much in vogue. One lovely moonlight night four swains
+with their guitars stationed themselves under the windows of the
+handsome old house and sang plaintive love songs for an hour or more.
+Finally a shutter was pushed open very gently, and the four hearts went
+pitter-patter, anticipating the sight of a lovely young girl's face.
+Instead, appeared an old, black one, capped by a snowy turban, and these
+words floated down: "I'se sorrie, gen'le-men, but de young ladies is all
+gone out&mdash;but I sure is pleased wid you-all's music!" The quartet was
+composed of Summerfield McKenney, Frank Steele, and a young Noyes, of
+the family now for many years identified with <i>The Evening Star</i>, and
+another whose name I do not know.</p>
+
+<p>It was while the Addisons were living here that Commodore Kennon was so
+tragically killed on the <i>Princeton</i>.</p>
+
+<p>One afternoon the youngest member of the Addison family, a little girl,
+was swinging in the yard when a carriage came up the street and turned
+in at the gate of Tudor Place, across the street. In it she saw her
+older brother, John. Much mystified, she ran to her mother, telling her
+how strange it seemed for "brother John" to be coming up the hill in a
+carriage, and not coming home. It turned out that he had been sent to
+notify Mrs. Thomas Peter of the sudden death of her son-in-law.</p>
+
+<p>In later years Brooke Williams, junior, lived here and, still later,
+George W. Cissel. The chapel of the Presbyterian Church on West (P)
+Street is named for this family.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[Pg 276]</a></span> The house is now the home of Mr.
+Alfred Friendly, the well-known newspaper man.</p>
+
+<p>Next door, where there is now a big apartment house, used to be a large,
+double brick house, which was for many years the home of Abraham Herr,
+who with the Cissels conducted an important flour-milling business in
+Georgetown. His son, Austin Herr, was a fine figure of a man, and was, I
+think, a promoter. I distinctly remember as a little girl his return
+from a trip to China and the tales of all the treasures he had brought
+back with him&mdash;not so common then as now.</p>
+
+<p>At No. 1669, in the eighties lived one of the oddest characters&mdash;Mrs.
+Dall. She had come from Massachusetts many years before to teach at Miss
+English's Seminary. While there she received frequent visits from young
+Mr. Dall who was an assistant at Christ Church while finishing his
+course at the Episcopal Seminary near Alexandria. The gentleman stayed
+so late sometimes&mdash;probably until eleven o'clock&mdash;that Miss English had
+to ask him to mend his ways. The courtship resulted in a marriage, but
+before long the bridegroom went off to India as a missionary to convert
+the heathen. After some years the news came that, instead, he had been
+converted to Hinduism. At last he was coming home. It was in the spring
+and, of course, there had to be a spring cleaning, which took several
+days. One night about twelve o'clock, when the peace of the old-time
+world, minus the automobile and blaring radio, lay over old Georgetown,
+the clop-clop of horses' hoofs was heard coming up Congress Street,
+stopping in front of Mrs. Dall's. Then there was a great knocking on the
+door&mdash;a window was raised and a voice called: "Who is that?" "It's
+Henry." Came back from the wife: "Well,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[Pg 277]</a></span> I'm in the midst of
+house-cleaning. Go on down to the Willard and stay until I send for
+you." A warm welcome, and one not approved of by the neighbors who had
+heard the conversation through their windows.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Dall was not very popular in Georgetown, it being overwhelmingly
+Southern in its sympathies and she being an abolitionist. I can dimly
+remember her padding down 31st Street, for so her progress might be
+called from the form of footwear she wore, it had no form&mdash;the queerest,
+high, shapeless boots. She wore a little close-fitting bonnet and a
+long, loose, grayish cape. She was a most particular person in some
+ways. A lady who lived there as a housekeeper said she was never allowed
+to leave her thimble on the window sill for a few moments; and it was
+well known that when a caller rang the front door bell the maid who
+answered had orders to scan the costume closely. If there was "bugle
+trimming" among its adornments the caller was shown into the parlor on
+the right side, where the furniture was all stuffed and no harm could be
+done, but if the clothes were devoid of the shiny, scratchy gear, she
+might safely be allowed to enter and sit upon the polished mahogany of
+the room on the left of the hall. She used to have a sort of salon for
+long-haired scientists and exponents of all sorts of "isms."</p>
+
+<p>Another story I've heard was about her going out to Normanstone to stay
+for a rest. One morning after breakfast, having had a plentiful helping
+of oatmeal with lots of cream, her hostess remarked to Mrs. Dall how
+well she looked. "Yes," she said, she "felt well," and ended up with "a
+little starvation is always good for one." Is it a wonder she wasn't
+greatly beloved?</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-295.jpg" width="400" height="513" alt="Lloyd Beall" title="Lloyd Beall" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Lloyd Beall</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>A very handsome and imposing old gentleman, Mr. Joe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</a></span> Davis, who was a
+bachelor, lived here in the nineties. I remember him always, in his
+frock coat and high silk hat. This was where Mr. and Mrs. Fulton Lewis
+lived for many years and where their son, Fulton Lewis, junior, the
+noted radio commentator, grew up.</p>
+
+<p>The house has been for several years the home of the Honorable and Mrs.
+Francis E. Biddle. He was the Attorney-General under President Franklin
+D. Roosevelt. Mrs. Biddle, whose pen name is Katharine Garrison Chapin,
+is an eminent poet.</p>
+
+<p>Adjoining Tudor Place on the north live the Bealls, descendants of Lloyd
+Beall, who sold his patrimony in southern Maryland and converted the
+proceeds to equipping and sustaining his company during the
+Revolutionary War. He was adjutant on the staff of General Alexander
+Hamilton and was wounded at Germantown. Later he was captured by the
+British, but escaped by swimming the Santee River. The effect of this
+performance is shown by the water-logging on his commission which he
+carried in his pocket.</p>
+
+<p>After being mustered out of the army he came to live in Georgetown, but
+just where his home was I cannot discover. He served as mayor of the
+town three times&mdash;in 1797, 1798 and 1799.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the reorganization of the army he was reinstated, and died in
+command of the arsenal at Harper's Ferry. The Bealls who live here are
+also descended from Francis Dodge and from William Marbury.</p>
+
+<p>In the seventies Frederick L. Moore came in to Georgetown from the
+country and built his home next door, so as to be between his two
+friends, John Beall and Joseph<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[Pg 280]</a></span> H. Bradley. The Bradleys no longer own
+this house nor their ancestral estate which was Chevy Chase, where the
+club of that name now is. Abraham Bradley came with the government from
+Philadelphia, as Assistant Postmaster-General. He made his home in
+Washington City and then bought Chevy Chase as his country estate. He
+was living there in August, 1814, when the British came to Washington.
+It is said that several members of the cabinet took refuge with him
+there during those two or three dreadful days and brought with them
+valuable records. His old house was mostly destroyed by fire several
+years ago.</p>
+
+<p>His grandson, Joseph Henry Bradley, built the house at number 1688 31st
+Street. At the time of Lincoln's assassination he was living out in the
+country near Georgetown. He bore a remarkable resemblance to John Wilkes
+Booth and on April 15, 1865, the night after the tragic event in Ford's
+Theater, he was driving home in his buggy along a lonely road when he
+was held up by policemen and arrested. When he protested, he was told
+that he was John Wilkes Booth and was taken to jail. He insisted he was
+not, but to no avail. After a good while he got in touch with friends
+who identified him and he was released and went home. His wife had
+thought that her colored servants had been behaving strangely all day,
+but though living not more than five miles from the scene of the great
+tragedy, she herself had no knowledge of it.</p>
+
+<p>In later years Mr. Bradley and his father, Joseph Habersham Bradley, who
+practiced law together, served as counsel in the famous John Surratt
+trial.</p>
+
+<p>This house is now the home of Robert A. Taft, Senator from Ohio.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[Pg 281]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="Chapter_XVI" id="Chapter_XVI"></a>Chapter XVI</h2>
+
+<h3><i>Evermay, the Heights, and Oak Hill</i></h3>
+
+
+<div class="drop">
+<img src="images/cap-298-sm.jpg" alt="E"  class="cap" />
+<p class="cap_2">EVERMAY, on Montgomery (28th) Street, is one of the show-places of
+Georgetown. Its fascinating garden is shown every spring for the benefit
+of Georgetown Children's House by its owner, the Honorable F. Lamot
+Belin, at one time Ambassador to Poland. He removed the cream-colored
+paint from the old house, revealing the lovely old-rose brick, and built
+the wall and the lodge at the gate when he bought the place in 1924.
+Evermay used to extend all the way down to Stoddert (Q) Street. The
+original boundary is the little old stone in the corner of the property
+of Mrs. Thomas Bradley on Q and 28th Streets.</p></div>
+
+<p>Evermay was built by Samuel Davidson with proceeds from the sale of
+property to the United States government. This included land for the
+northern part of the "President's Square," (the David Burns-Davidson
+property line passing directly through the White House) and adjacent
+Federal property including Lafayette Park. He willed his estate to Lewis
+Grant, a nephew in Scotland, upon condition of his assuming the Davidson
+surname.</p>
+
+<p>Samuel Davidson is buried in the portion of Oak Hill Cemetery which was
+formerly part of the estate. Mr. Davidson must have been rather a
+strange person; certainly he was determined not to be bothered by
+people, for this is the advertisement he published:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >
+<span style="padding-left: 35%;">Evermay proclaims,</span><br />
+<span style="padding-left: 35%;">Take care, enter not here,</span><br />
+<span style="padding-left: 35%;">For punishment is ever near.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[Pg 282]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p>Whereas, the height called Evermay, adjoining this town, is now
+completely enclosed with a good stone wall in part and a good post
+and rail fence thereto, this is to forewarn at their peril, all
+persons, of whatever age, color, or standing in society, from
+trespassing on the premises, in any manner, by day or by night;
+particularly all thieving knaves and idle vagabonds; all rambling
+parties; all assignation parties; all amorous bucks with their
+dorfies, and all sporting bucks with their dogs and guns.</p>
+
+<p>My man, Edward, who resides on the premises, has my positive orders
+to protect the same from all trespassers as far as in his power,
+with the aid of the following implements, placed in his hands for
+that purpose, if necessary, viz:&mdash;Law, when the party is worthy of
+that attention and proper testimony can be had, a good cudgel,
+tomahawk, cutlass, gun and blunderbuss, with powder, shot and
+bullets, steel traps and grass snakes.</p>
+
+<p>It is Edward's duty to obey my lawful commands. In so doing, on
+this occasion, I will defend him at all risques and hazards. For
+the information of those persons who may have real business on the
+premises, there is a good and convenient gate. But Mark! I do not
+admit mere curisoity an errand of business. Therefore, I beg and
+pray of all my neighbors to avoid Evermay as they would a den of
+devils, or rattle snakes, and thereby save themselves and me much
+vexation and trouble.</p>
+
+<p>June 2, 1810<span class="rfloat smcap">Samuel Davidson.</span>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Lewis Grant's daughter married Charles Dodge, they being one of the four
+couples who had the very early morning wedding at Francis Dodge's home
+on the corner of Stoddert (Q) Street and Congress (31st) Street. Apropos
+of this there is a prized letter of four closely written pages from
+Charles Dodge to his father, announcing that he had reached the age of
+twenty-one and asking the parental gift of what might be "his due." He
+ended by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[Pg 283]</a></span> saying he "hoped he approved of his engaging in the estate of
+Holy Matrimony, for without that blissful comsummation his life would be
+void of happiness forevermore." His father's concise reply was in four
+lines: "Attend carefully whatever business you engage in, put off your
+marriage as long as possible, and get religion!"</p>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dodge did not live always at Evermay. It was sold
+to Mr. John D. McPherson, and the Dodges went to live in the old frame
+house opposite the gate of Tudor Place.</p>
+
+<p>For many years the McPhersons leased Evermay to Mr. William B. Orme and,
+certainly, during those years the spectre of the inhospitality of its
+first owner was laid, for the Ormes were noted for their delightful
+parties and there, too, were June weddings with charming brides.</p>
+
+<p>One morning in 1905 a group of Georgetown ladies met at Evermay and
+formed a little literary club (which is still in existence) composed of
+thirty-five members. It still bears the name of The Evermay Club. It met
+there regularly once a month as long as it was the home of Mrs. Orme,
+but nowadays the club moves from house to house. One summer the Ormes
+rented Evermay to a Hawaiian princess, who enjoyed it with her family.</p>
+
+<p>Just across the street from Evermay is what is known as Mackall Square.
+The old mansion sits so far back in the middle of the square and is so
+embowered in trees that it is not easily seen from either Montgomery
+(28th) or Greene (29th) Street. It is a simple and lovely colonial brick
+with old wooden additions on the back, and has been there a long, long
+time. But it is not the first house that was on that spot, for the one
+that was there was the frame<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[Pg 284]</a></span> house which was moved over opposite the
+gate of Tudor Place.</p>
+
+<p>Benjamin Mackall married a daughter of Brooke Beall, and with the money
+inherited from her father's estate they bought this property and built
+the house.</p>
+
+<p>In 1821 a trust was placed on the property, and in the title is recorded
+"no encumbrance except a small wooden house in which Mrs. Margaret Beall
+now lives, in which she has her life interest."</p>
+
+<p>Benjamin Mackall was a brother of Leonard Mackall. Their father owned
+large estates in Calvert and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland, and
+his products were sent to the Georgetown market; so it happened that his
+sons met the daughters of Brooke Beall, one of the important merchants
+shipping grain and tobacco to England.</p>
+
+<p>This land was part of the Rock of Dumbarton, and Benjamin's wife was
+named Christiana. I wonder if by any chance they could have given her
+that name in commemoration of another Christiana who is spoken of in an
+old, old surveyor's book thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Surveyed for George Beall 18 January, 1720. Beginning at the
+bounded Red Oak standing at the end of N. N. W. tract of land
+called Rock of Dunbarton on the south side of a hill near the place
+where Christiana Gun was killed by the Indians.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[Pg 285]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-302.jpg" width="600" height="380" alt="The Old Mackall House" title="The Old Mackall House" />
+<span class="caption smcap">The Old Mackall House</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Louis Mackall, their son, was born in this house and inherited the place
+in 1839. He was a well-known physician, but a large part of his life was
+spent at the old country home of the Mackalls, Mattaponi, in Prince
+Georges County, and there his son, Louis, was born in 1831. His father
+brought him to Georgetown when he was under ten years of age, and
+entered him in Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[Pg 286]</a></span> Abbott's school, from whence he went to Georgetown
+College and Maryland Medical University. He established a large practice
+in Georgetown and married Margaret McVean. Their home was not here but
+on Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street, and they had a son,
+again Louis, who also went into the medical profession.</p>
+
+<p>This house was vacant when I was a girl and I remember very distinctly
+going to a dance there one heavenly moonlight night in June when it was
+loaned to the O. T. That was a little club of boys about my own
+age&mdash;"Only Ten"&mdash;but the meaning of the name was a secret then. During
+the next two years they followed the example of the I. K. T. by giving
+dances in Linthicum Hall during the Christmas holidays.</p>
+
+<p>The I. K. T. was a group of boys two or three years older than the O. T.
+My brother was one of them, and when I asked him a year or two ago what
+the letters meant he said he couldn't tell; it was still a secret, like
+a fraternity. They had a pin somewhat like a fraternity pin. I still
+have the engraved invitations that both clubs sent out for their dances,
+with the names of the members underneath.</p>
+
+<p>After having been vacant for years this place was bought by Mr. Hermann
+Hollerith in the early 1900's. He did not make his home here but built a
+house farther down on Greene (29th) Street, where his family still live.
+They continue to rent the old house. Hermann Hollerith was the inventor
+of the tabulating machine which is used by the International Business
+Machine Corporation, and his work was done in a little house down on
+Thomas Jefferson Street. His wife was Miss Lucia Talcott.</p>
+
+<p>Immediately opposite the steps on Greene (29th) Street<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[Pg 287]</a></span> which lead up to
+this dear old place are other high steps which lead to a place called
+Terrace Top. Here it was that in the winter of 1920-'21 two very
+charming people came to rest in what they considered the most attractive
+of American cities. They were Julia Marlowe and E. H. Sothern.</p>
+
+<p>While they were here Miss Marlowe was honored by George Washington
+University at its one hundredth anniversary, on February twenty-second,
+by receiving the degree of D. D. L., a most unusual honor for a woman.
+This house is now the home of Mr. Herbert Elliston, editor of the
+<i>Washington Post</i>.</p>
+
+<p>All of this land was still, of course, Beall property, and somehow it
+all seemed to pass down through the women, for the next place to the
+west originally belonged to Miss Eliza Beall, a daughter of Thomas Beall
+of George, who married George Corbin Washington, great-nephew of General
+Washington. He was a grandson of John Augustine Washington and Hannah
+Bushrod. He was president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company,
+member of Congress from Maryland, and a prominent candidate for the
+Vice-Presidency at the time Winfield Scott was nominated for President.</p>
+
+<p>Their son was the Lewis Washington who was living near Harper's Ferry at
+the time of John Brown's raid, and was taken prisoner by him and held as
+a hostage until released by Colonel Robert E. Lee and his United States
+troops when they arrived on the scene.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Eleanor Ann Washington, the daughter of the house, was skilled in
+painting and did miniatures of her mother and of other members of her
+family. She also<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[Pg 288]</a></span> used to sketch in the beautiful woods north of her
+father's home, which soon after became Oak Hill Cemetery, and she was
+the first person to be buried in its grounds.</p>
+
+<p>George Corbin Washington married a second time, a girl who had been
+almost like a daughter in his house, Ann Thomas Beall Peter, of whom his
+wife had been very fond. Both of the wives of George Corbin Washington
+were descended from the Reverend John Orme, a distinguished clergyman of
+Maryland in colonial days.</p>
+
+<p>After the death of Mr. Washington the place was sold and became the home
+of Senator Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana, who was deprived of his seat in
+the Senate during the Civil War because of his sympathy with the South.</p>
+
+<p>For a long time this place belonged to Columbus Alexander, but in recent
+years it has changed hands several times. It had been leased by the
+Honorable Dwight Morrow to be his home while Senator from New Jersey,
+but his sudden death the summer before of course changed that
+arrangement.</p>
+
+<p>During World War II it was the home of General William (Wild Bill)
+Donovan, head of OSS, and is now the home of Mr. Philip Graham,
+publisher of the <i>Washington Post</i>.</p>
+
+<p>All of this property of The Heights belonged, as I have said, to Thomas
+Beall, and after 1783 it was rapidly being "developed," as they say
+nowadays. It is interesting to follow out how it all happened and how
+relatives wished to live one another.</p>
+
+<p>Directly across Washington (30th) Street, a large piece of land was sold
+by Thomas Beall in 1798 to William Craik, who was the son of that Dr.
+Craik who attended<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[Pg 289]</a></span> General Washington in his last illness. He evidently
+intended to build a home here, but Mrs. Craik died and he soon followed
+her. She was Miss Fitzhugh, a sister of Mrs. George Washington Parke
+Custis, of Arlington.</p>
+
+<p>How I wish there were in existence a picture of the house which David
+Peter built in 1808 when he bought this piece of land. The house must
+have stood among handsome trees, for it was called Peter's Grove, and we
+can look at the oaks still standing in near-by places and visualize
+those which surrounded this house.</p>
+
+<p>David Peter was a son of Robert Peter. He married Sarah Johns, and had
+two daughters and one son, Hamilton. After his death Mrs. David Peter
+married John Leonard, and the place was sold, in the thirties, to
+Colonel John Carter, Representative in Congress from South Carolina. His
+wife was Eleanor Marbury, one of that large family of girls in the old
+house on Bridge (M) Street. The house was then renamed Carolina Place.</p>
+
+<p>For a while it was occupied by the Honorable John F. Crampton, Minister
+from England. It was during this time that a treaty was settled by him
+with Daniel Webster concerning the Newfoundland fisheries. A little
+later Count de Sartiges, the French Minister, lived here.</p>
+
+<p>About that time the house was destroyed by fire and the land was sold by
+John Carter O'Neal, of the Inniskillen Dragoons, son of Anne Carter who
+had married an Englishman, to Henry D. Cooke.</p>
+
+<p>The western part of this square was bought in 1805 by Mrs. Elisha O.
+Williams. She was Harriot Beall, daughter of Brooke Beall, the third of
+these sisters to settle on The Heights, and she also bought her home
+with money inherited from her father's estate.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[Pg 290]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-307.jpg" width="600" height="386" alt="Home Of Brooke Williams" title="" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Home Of Brooke Williams</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[Pg 291]</a></span>Six months after buying the property Mrs. Williams was left a widow. She
+built a home and lived there with her small children, and thirty years
+later gave the northern part of her land to her son, Brooke Williams and
+his wife, Rebecca. It was on the spot where the Home for the Blind now
+stands.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Rebecca Williams was a very beautiful woman and all her children
+inherited her beauty. The daughter who was named Harriot Beall for her
+grandmother became the most famous girl who ever grew up in Georgetown.
+The romantic story of her marriage to Baron Bodisco, the Russian
+Minister, runs thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >It all started with a Christmas party which the baron gave for his
+nephews, Waldemar and Boris Bodisco. To this party all of the boys
+and girls were invited, and great bonfires lighted the way, for
+there was little gas in those days.</p></div>
+
+<p>Among those who came was Harriot Beall Williams, the beautiful
+sixteen-year-old daughter of Brooke Williams, senior. Baron Bodisco, a
+bachelor of sixty-three, became completely enamored of Miss Williams
+that evening, and it is said that the next morning he walked up the hill
+to meet and escort her to school&mdash;the school, of course, being the same
+Seminary of Miss English.</p>
+
+<p>My story is copied almost entirely from Miss Sally Somervell Mackall's
+<i>Early Days of Washington</i>, for nothing could improve on that:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >Miss Williams' family were much opposed to the marriage, and at one
+time the engagement came near being broken. She told Mr. Bodisco
+that "her grandmother and everybody else thought he was entirely
+too old and ugly." His reply was that she might find someone
+younger and better looking, but no one who would love her better
+than he did.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[Pg 292]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>They were married in June, 1849, at four o'clock in the afternoon,
+at her mother's home on Georgetown Heights. Only the immediate
+relatives and the bridal party witnessed the ceremony, after which
+there was a brilliant reception. The wedding party formed a circle
+and just back of them on a sofa sat a row of aged ladies in
+lace-trimmed caps, among them her grandmother, Harriot Williams and
+her three sisters, Mrs. Benjamin Mackall, Mrs. William Stewart,
+senior, and their cousin, Mrs. Leonard Hollyday Johns, senior, all
+of whom were between seventy and eighty years of age.</p>
+
+<p>The mariage ceremony was performed by her cousin, Reverend
+Hollyday Johns, the second. Her trousseau came from abroad, and her
+bridal robe was a marvel of rich white satin and costly lace which
+fell in graceful folds around her; the low-cut dress showed to
+perfection her lovely white shoulders and neck. On her fair brow
+and golden hair was worn a coronet of rarest pearls, the gift of
+the groom. The effect was wonderfully brilliant. As her father was
+not living, her hand was given in marriage by Henry Clay.</p>
+
+<p>The groom wore his court dress of velvet and lace. All the
+bridesmaids, seven in number, were beautiful girls about her own
+age. Their gowns were figured white satin, cut low in the neck with
+short sleeves and trimmed with blond lace; their hair was simply
+dressed without ornaments. The bridesmaids were: her sister Gennie
+Williams, Sarah Johns, Jessie Benton, Ellen Carter, Eliza Jane
+Wilson, Emily Nichols, Mary Harry, and Helen Morris, daughter of
+Commodore Morris. Each bridesmaid was presented with a ring set
+with her favorite stone. The groomsmen were Henry Fox, the British
+Minister in scarlet court dress; Mr. Dunlop, Minister from Texas;
+Mr. Martineau, Minister from the Netherlands; Mr. Buchanan, who had
+been Minister to Russia, and was then Senator, and afterwards
+President of the United States; Baron Saruyse, the Austrian
+Minister; Martin Van Buren; Mr. Kemble Paulding, whose father was
+Secretary of the Navy at that time; Mr. Forsythe, whose father was
+Secretary of State. Each minister had his own carriage and
+attendants dressed in livery. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[Pg 293]</a></span> house and grounds were thronged
+with noted guests, strolling amid sweet-scented flowers and lemon
+trees hanging with rich golden fruit.</p>
+
+<p>Among the distinguished guests were President Van Buren; Daniel
+Webster; all the Diplomatic Corps and a host of other notables,
+including James Gordon Bennett of <i>The New York Herald</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The bride was taken to her new home in Mr. Bodisco's gilded coach
+with driver and footman in bright uniform, drawn by four horses.
+The same afternoon, Mr. Bodisco gave a dinner to just the bridal
+party. At nine o'clock the same day he gave a general reception for
+the families of the attendants. The morning after the wedding the
+bridesmaids took breakfast with the bride and, girl-like, as soon
+as breakfast was over, went on an investigating tour. In her
+boudoir they found many beautiful things, among them an
+old-fashioned secretary, with numerous drawers, one was filled with
+ten dollar gold pieces, another with silver dollars, another with
+ten-cent pieces, another with the costliest of jewels, and still
+another with French candy.</p>
+
+<p>The next week Mr. Bodisco gave a grand ball, on which occasion
+Madame Bodisco wore her bridal robe. Shortly after the wedding,
+President Van Buren gave a handsome dinner at the White House in
+honor of Madame Bodisco and Mrs. Decantzo, another bride. To this
+dinner all the bridal party were invited. Madame Bodisco wore a
+black watered silk, trimmed with black thread lace and pearl
+ornaments. President Van Buren sent his private carriage and his
+son, Martin, to escort Ellen Carter (an adopted daughter of
+Jeremiah Williams who was an important shipping merchant of the
+town) to the dinner. The President thought Miss Carter like her
+Aunt Marion Stewart of New York, to whom he was engaged while
+Governor of that State. At the dinner table he drank wine with her,
+and again in the reception room. Miss Carter afterwards married
+Paymaster Brenton Boggs of the United States Navy.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[Pg 294]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-311.jpg" width="400" height="635" alt="Madame Bodisco" title="Madame Bodisco" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Madame Bodisco</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>On another occasion at one of the diplomatic dinners given at the
+White House, Madame Bodisco wore a rich, white watered silk, the
+sleeves, waist and skirt embroidered with pale<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[Pg 295]</a></span> rosebuds with
+tender green leaves. Her jewels were diamonds and emeralds.</p></div>
+
+<p>Alexander de Bodisco was born in Moscow on the 30th of October, 1786,
+and died at his residence in Georgetown on the 23rd of January, 1854,
+having filled the post of Russian Envoy to the United States for about
+seventeen years. He was in Vienna in 1814 during the famous Congress
+which settled the affairs of the continent, and was afterward charge
+d'affaires at Stockholm. At his funeral his two nephews, Boris and
+Waldemar, both very handsome and dressed in white uniforms, marched on
+either side of the hearse, accompanied by attach&eacute;s of the legation and
+members of the household in uniform.</p>
+
+<p>All during my childhood the Williams house stood gaunt and untenanted,
+the personification of a haunted house. If only a place with such a
+history could have been renovated and kept, instead of disappearing
+entirely from Georgetown.</p>
+
+<p>On the next block at 3238 R Street is the house, now somewhat changed,
+where lived General H. W. Halleck, chief-of-staff of the army during the
+Civil War. After the war General U. S. Grant made it his home until he
+became president. Later, until about 1900, it was the home of Colonel
+John J. Joyce, a picturesque figure with his leonine head and long white
+hair and mustache and black sombrero. It was said he had been the Goat
+of the Whiskey Ring. In the last years of his life a lively dispute
+arose between him and Ella Wheeler Wilcox as to which was the author of
+the lines</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">
+<span class="indenttwo">Laugh, and world laughs with you,</span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Weep, and you weep alone!</span><br /></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[Pg 296]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-313.jpg" width="600" height="381" alt="Mount Hope. The William Robinson House" title="Mount Hope. The William Robinson House" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Mount Hope. The William Robinson House</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[Pg 297]</a></span>It was much discussed in the newspapers at the time. Colonel Joyce's
+tombstone in Oak Hill bears a likeness of him carved upon its face.</p>
+
+<p>In the early days of the New Deal this house was rented by a group of
+young men, among them Tommy Corcoran and Ben Cohen, who were responsible
+for helping to frame much of the legislation of that eventful time. It
+was known then as the "Big Red House on R Street."</p>
+
+<p>The southwest corner of Road (R) Street and High (Wisconsin Avenue) was
+the land owned by Thomas Sim Lee, who had been Governor of Maryland.
+Every winter he came from his estate, Needwood, to spend several months
+in Georgetown, in his house on the northwest corner of Bridge (M) Street
+and Washington (30th) Street, which was for a long time the headquarters
+of the Federal Party. He died in 1819 before he could build here the
+mansion he contemplated.</p>
+
+<p>Until about 1935 the old reservoir sat here, high up like a crown, until
+the Georgetown Branch of the Public Library was built.</p>
+
+<p>The little street below here which runs west from Valley (32nd) Street,
+now called Reservoir Road, was originally named the New Cut Road, due to
+the fact that it was cut through to connect with the Conduit Road, now
+renamed MacArthur Boulevard which covers the conduit bringing the water
+from Great Falls to Washington.</p>
+
+<p>On the southwest corner of Road (R) Street and High (Wisconsin Avenue)
+stood the imposing mansion of Mr. William Robinson, who was a very fine
+lawyer in the middle of the nineteenth century. He was a Virginian who
+had settled in Georgetown. He called his home<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</a></span> Mount Hope and a
+wonderful situation it had, commanding a view of the entire city and the
+river. At that time the western wing was the ballroom, with domed
+ceiling circled by cupids and roses.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Robinson's beautiful daughter, Margaret, married Thomas Campbell
+Cox, son of Colonel John Cox, and they lived at Mount Hope until they
+moved to Gay Street. I remember Mrs. Cox as an old lady, still
+beautiful, and regal in bearing. The Weaver family lived there after
+that until the early 1900's, when this place was used as the Dumbarton
+Club. It had very good tennis courts, and for a while a nine-hole golf
+course where the suburb of Berleith is now.</p>
+
+<p>Then Mr. Alexander Kirk, Ambassador to Egypt, bought the place and made
+a good many changes, including the addition of a swimming-pool.</p>
+
+<p>Afterward Mrs. Evalyn Walsh McLean purchased it and renamed it
+Friendship, after the former estate of the same name out on Wisconsin
+Avenue, where many famous parties had been given. Here she continued her
+lavish entertainments and during World War II contributed generously to
+the pleasure of members of the armed services.</p>
+
+<p>The large house, number 3406, in the middle of the next square, was
+built in the early 1800's by Leonard Mackall, one of the two sons of
+Benjamin Mackall of Prince Georges County, Maryland, who came to
+Georgetown. He married Catherine Beall, another daughter of Brooke
+Beall. Mr. Beall, as seems to have been the custom in those days, had
+given this square to his daughter and her husband. The place was bought
+by Dr. Charles Worthington's family when they left their home on
+Pros<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</a></span>pect Street and was held by his descendants, the Philips, for many
+years, although the latter part of the time none of them lived there,
+but rented the place.</p>
+
+<p>It has been for a good many years now the home of Mrs. Frank West, who
+has made a beautiful rose garden and christened it Century House. The
+house itself has charming rooms, all opening to the south, as so many
+old-fashioned houses had, and several porches.</p>
+
+<p>I have spoken of Colonel Cox and the row of houses he built on First (N)
+Street and Frederick (34th) Street, where he lived for a while in the
+house on the corner. That must have been in the period of his first
+marriage to Matilda Smith, who was a sister of Clement Smith, well-known
+as the first cashier of the Farmer's and Mechanic's Bank, later its
+president. Colonel and Mrs. Cox had three children, one of whom was
+named Clement.</p>
+
+<p>After his marriage to Jane Threlkeld they built a lovely house on part
+of the old Berleith estate next door to the old Threlkeld home, which
+had been burned. They called their home The Cedars. It stood where the
+Western High School now stands, and it is difficult to realize that
+there, in my memory, was a home most delightfully private and charming.</p>
+
+<p>Turning back eastward along Road (R) Street just opposite Mount Hope,
+the pretty old light brick house is where the Marburys lived after they
+moved up on The Heights. He called himself Mr. John Marbury, junior, to
+the day of his death, in spite of having a long, white beard. Although
+his family never moved from this house, in the course of a few years
+they had three different addresses. At first they were living on the
+corner of Road and High Streets, then on the corner of U and 32nd
+Streets, and finally on the corner of R Street and Wisconsin Avenue.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[Pg 300]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-317a.jpg" width="600" height="429" alt="The Oaks (Now Dumbarton Oaks)" title="The Oaks (Now Dumbarton Oaks)" />
+<span class="caption smcap">The Oaks (Now Dumbarton Oaks)</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/illus-317b.jpg" width="600" height="425" alt="Montrose" title="Montrose" />
+<span class="caption smcap">Montrose</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[Pg 301]</a></span>Across High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), the house sitting high on the
+bank was for many years the home of Mr. William Dougal and his family of
+one son and four lovely daughters. His wife was Miss Adler, and this
+house was built on part of her father's property. The old brick house,
+which was back of it some distance north, was the home of Morris Adler.
+A small frame house nearer Road (R) Street was where his son, Morris J.
+Adler, lived, until he built a house on West (P) Street.</p>
+
+<p>A little way eastward on the same side of Road (R) Street is the famous
+Dumbarton Oaks. The land was first bought from Thomas Beall in 1800 by
+William H. Dorsey, first judge of our Orphan's Court, who was appointed
+by President Jefferson. Mr. Dorsey had previously been living in the old
+part of the town, for I find an advertisement of the sale of his
+property before he came up here, and from the minutes of a meeting of
+the Corporation of Georgetown on October 24th, 1801, we find the
+following: "William H. Dorsey writes to ask if his removal to his
+present place of residence will disqualify him from serving on the
+Corporation. They are of opinion it does not disqualify him as a member
+thereof."</p>
+
+<p>He built this house, named it The Oaks, and lived in it for four years.
+His first wife was Ann Brooke, the daughter of Colonel Richard Brooke,
+of Oak Hill, Sandy Spring, whose wife was Jane Lynn, the daughter of
+David Lynn. In 1802 Mr. Dorsey married Rosetta Lynn, who was the aunt of
+his first wife.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[Pg 302]</a></span>
+<img src="images/illus-319.jpg" width="400" height="476" alt="William Hammond Dorsey" title="William Hammond Dorsey" />
+<span class="caption smcap">William Hammond Dorsey</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>William Hammond Dorsey was born at Oakland, in Howard County, and died
+at Oakley, near Brookeville, in 1818. He was a very handsome man and was
+nicknamed "Pretty Billy" by his Quaker neighbors of Sandy Spring.</p>
+
+<p>In 1805 the place was bought by Robert Beverley of Essex County,
+Virginia. His wife was Jane Tayloe, a sister of Colonel John Tayloe, who
+built the famous Octagon House. Mr. and Mrs. Beverley owned the place
+until 1822. During that time their son James was married to Jane Peter,
+the daughter of David Peter of nearby "Peter's Grove," and this place
+became their home. They did not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[Pg 303]</a></span> remain here long, but went back to
+Virginia and established themselves near The Plains.</p>
+
+<p>The next owner was James E. Calhoun, of South Carolina. He loaned it to
+his distinguished brother, John C. Calhoun, who made it his home for
+some of the time he spent at the capital in the various offices he held.
+He was Secretary of War in the cabinet of President Monroe;
+Vice-President with John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson, and Senator
+from South Carolina. From here he wrote that the leisure of the office
+of Vice-President gave him a good opportunity to study the fundamental
+questions of the day called "The American System." At this time the
+place was known as <i>Acrolophos</i> (Grove on the Hill), a most descriptive
+name. Later it became Monterey, after the war with Mexico made that
+battle so famous.</p>
+
+<p>It was in 1846 that the estate was bought by Edward M. Linthicum, and I
+think it must have been during the time he owned it that the mansard
+roof was added which, fortunately, has been removed by the present
+owners. In Mr. Linthicum's day it is described thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p >The house which has been changed, but not improved in appearance,
+by the addition of a mansard roof and other alterations, was a
+large, two-story brick, with hall from front to rear "wide enough
+for a hay wagon to pass through," on either side of which were
+great parlors beautifully proportioned. The east parlor opened into
+a bright, sunny dining room, which in turn looked out upon a
+well-filled greenhouse, with flower gardens on the east, wooded
+lawn in front, grove of forest trees on the west, and gently
+sloping well-sodded hills in the rear, all of which were kept in
+perfect order. During the life of Mr. Linthicum, "The Oaks" was the
+show place of the District.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. and Mrs. Linthicum had no children so they adopted a daughter, Miss
+Kate Mitchell, of Lower Mary<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[Pg 304]</a></span>land, who became the wife of Mr. Josiah
+Dent. Their son, Edward Linthicum Dent, inherited the place. In those
+days it was known as "The Oaks," the name I always heard it called by in
+my girlhood.</p>
+
+<p>In 1891 it was bought by Mr. Henry F. Blount, who had made a fortune and
+came to Washington. In 1920 it was purchased by the Honorable Robert
+Woods Bliss, Ambassador to the Argentine. He and Mrs. Bliss remodeled
+the house and created the gardens, which comprise over thirty acres and
+are marvels of beauty. Many more acres at the back were allowed to
+remain in a delightfully wild condition.</p>
+
+<p>The place was renamed Dumbarton Oaks, a museum was built as a wing on
+the west to house a library and a collection of Byzantine and
+pre-Christian material, and in 1940 the estate was given by Mr. and Mrs.
+Bliss to Harvard University, with the exception of the part along the
+stream at the back, which was donated to the District of Columbia as a
+park. The Dumbarton Oaks Conference which led to the formation of the
+United Nations was held here, beginning August 21, 1944.</p>
+
+<p>Part of the land at the back is where the Home for Incurables was until
+it was moved farther out of town. I used to go there to visit some of
+the patients who were my friends, and for the simple Sunday evening
+services.</p>
+
+<p>Lover's Lane, at the east of Dumbarton Oaks, separates it from Montrose
+Park. It is still, as it has always been, I am glad to say, completely
+unimproved, unspoiled, sweet and rambling and quiet, wending its way
+along the brook that empties into Rock Creek at the beginning of Oak
+Hill. I suppose there is hardly a soul of middle-age<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[Pg 305]</a></span> living in
+Georgetown who has not fond memories of Lover's Lane, for in the days of
+our youth we did walk with our lovers; no automobiles or movies filled
+our Saturday or Sunday afternoons, and very little golf.</p>
+
+<p>Through Lover's Lane we went to Normanstone, the home of the two Misses
+Barnards and their sister, Mrs. Talcott. It was a quaint little house,
+which stood just about where the British Embassy now is. The name is
+commemorated by Normanstone Drive. Mr. Robert Barnard built Normanstone
+in 1830. It was a Devonshire cottage of clay, straw, and pebbles, with
+walls four feet thick.</p>
+
+<p>The turreted stone mansion nearby was built by Mr. Elverson of
+Philadelphia. His daughter, Nelly, became the wife of Monsieur
+Patrenotre, the French Minister. This was in the days before our foreign
+envoys became Ambassadors.</p>
+
+<p>Our first knowledge of the present Montrose Park was as Parrott's Woods.
+Richard Parrott conducted there a "rope walk." It seems that when they
+made rope it was necessary to have a long, even stretch where the
+rope-makers walked up and down manufacturing the hemp into rope. And,
+of course, in this town with all its ships, the making of rope was a
+lucrative business.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Parrott evidently was kind in loaning his property for picnics too,
+for again Mr. Gordon gives us vivid pictures of the Fourth of July
+annual picnic of all the Protestant Sunday schools. It seems to have
+been a huge affair, with flags and banners and rosettes of various
+colors adorning the scholars of the different schools.</p>
+
+<p>In 1822 the property was bought by Clement Smith, of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[Pg 306]</a></span> whom I have spoken
+before as being the first cashier of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank,
+afterwards becoming its president. He called the place Elderslie. In
+1837 he sold it to Mrs. Mary McEwen Boyce, whose daughter, Jane, married
+George Washington Peter, son of Thomas Peter of Tudor Place. In a
+railroad accident, both Captain Boyce and another daughter were killed.
+Mrs. Boyce continued to live here the rest of her life.</p>
+
+<p>It was a very sweet, homelike house, but not a particularly handsome
+one. There was a conservatory opening off of one of the rooms, for Mrs.
+Boyce seems to have been especially fond of flowers. A sweet little
+story was told me the other day about her. A friend paused one day to
+admire the roses blooming in front of the house, saying, "How lovely
+your roses are, Mrs. Boyce!" "They are not my roses," said she. At the
+surprised look on her friend's face she continued, "I plant them there
+for the public." And still, today, there are lovely roses blooming at
+Montrose for "the public," for after many, many years a movement was set
+on foot to buy this place with its marvelous old trees of numerous
+varieties for a park for the people of Georgetown.</p>
+
+<p>Two historic events have taken place in Montrose Park. The first was
+long ago, on September 1, 1812, when the funeral services were held here
+for General James Maccubbin Lingan, after his tragic death in Baltimore.
+No church could be found large enough to accommodate the crowds which
+wished to attend. There were representatives from three cities and five
+counties, in those days of travel by foot, by saddle, by rowboat and by
+coach. General Washington's tent was spread over the stand on which were
+four clergymen, other dignitaries, and George<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[Pg 307]</a></span> Washington Parke Custis
+of Arlington, who delivered the oration.</p>
+
+<p>The funeral cortege was escorted by Major George Peter's company. The
+General's horse was led behind the hearse, where his son walked as chief
+mourner, followed by two heroes of the Revolution, Major Benjamin
+Stoddert and Colonel Philip Stuart. Light Horse Harry Lee, who had been
+wounded at the time General Lingan was killed, was still too ill to be
+present.</p>
+
+<p>General Lingan's widow was not able to be present because of a very
+unfortunate occurrence. While she was sitting by her window waiting for
+her carriage, a rough man, carrying a pike, stopped under her window
+and, thrusting up the weapon covered either with blood or rust, which
+had the same appearance, he let forth a torrent of brutal words. She was
+so overcome with an agony of shock and grief that she was obliged to
+remain at home.</p>
+
+<p>The other historic event took place on the fifth of June, 1918, the day
+on which was inaugurated the draft for the soldiers of the World War I.
+All over this land that evening speeches were delivered on the subject,
+but I think none could have been more effective or impressive than the
+one staged in Montrose Park at sunset. Then Newton D. Baker, as
+Secretary of War, in charge of the whole operation, "elected to speak to
+his neighbors." A wonderful speech it was, and I shall never forget the
+sight as he stood outlined against the glow of the western sky.</p>
+
+<p>Of Oak Hill Cemetery I have spoken again and again. It is almost like a
+refrain. It seems to be the natural resting place for Georgetonians when
+their work is done.</p>
+
+<p>Its terraces leading steeply down the hill to Rock Creek<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[Pg 308]</a></span> are shaded by
+many stately oak trees and numerous gorgeous copper beeches, and are
+adorned in the spring by flowering shrubs.</p>
+
+<p>There is the little ivy-covered chapel which can be seen from the
+street, and farther back is the little white Greek temple where Oak
+Hill's donor, Mr. Corcoran, rests. Also the larger circular mausoleum
+where Marcia Burns Van Ness is interred.</p>
+
+<p>Many besides Georgetonians have been laid to rest within its borders,
+for there are Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War for President Lincoln;
+James G. Blaine, and many more, all prominent in their days. There, too,
+lies Peggy O'Neale, who, as the wife of Andrew Jackson's Secretary of
+War, Eaton, kept the social life of the Capital in an uproar for many a
+year and, it is said, also greatly influenced political matters.</p>
+
+<p>Her very first triumph took place in Georgetown, when, at a school
+exhibition at the Union Hotel, the little girl with dark brown curly
+hair and pert red lips was crowned the "Queen of Beauty" by Mrs. Dolly
+Madison. Peggy was the daughter of the Irish landlord of a hotel on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, and was married at sixteen to Mr. Timberlake, an
+officer in the United States Navy. He committed suicide in 1828.</p>
+
+<p>After that began her career, when she was defended and supported in all
+that she did by Andrew Jackson, who had suffered bitterly from criticism
+of his own wife.</p>
+
+<p>But the most famous person who lies buried in Oak Hill is the man whose
+song is known in every hamlet of this broad land: John Howard Payne, the
+author of "Home, Sweet Home." He had been in Georgetown in his youth,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[Pg 309]</a></span>
+you remember, for he accompanied General Lingan on that trip to
+Baltimore from which the General never returned but to his funeral. Mr.
+Payne was then a young man of twenty-one and excited over the adventure,
+I suppose, like any one of that age. He was sent in later life as a
+consul to one of those little states on the northern coast of Africa
+which in those days made so much trouble for the United States. There he
+died and was buried. Years later his body was brought back by Mr.
+Corcoran, and there was quite a ceremony for his re-interment.</p>
+
+<p>The stone placed over him in that distant land and brought back with his
+body has the seal of the United States carved at the top and reads:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="center">
+IN MEMORY<br />
+OF<br />
+COL. JOHN HOWARD PAYNE<br />
+TWICE CONSUL OF<br />
+THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA<br />
+FOR<br />
+THE CITY AND KINGDOM OF TUNIS<br />
+THIS STONE IS PLACED<br />
+BY A GRATEFUL COUNTRY<br />
+HE DIED AT THE AMERICAN CONSULATE<br />
+IN THIS CITY AFTER A TEDIOUS ILLNESS<br />
+APRIL 1, 1852<br />
+HE WAS BORN AT THE CITY OF BOSTON<br />
+STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS<br />
+JUNE 8, 1792<br />
+HIS FAME AS A POET AND DRAMATIST<br />
+IS WELL KNOWN WHEREVER THE ENGLISH<br />
+LANGUAGE IS SPOKEN THROUGH<br />
+HIS CELEBRATED BALLAD OF<br />
+HOME, SWEET HOME<br />
+AND HIS POPULAR TRAGEDY<br />
+OF BRUTUS AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTIONS<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[Pg 310]</a></span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This slab lies flat upon the ground. Adjoining it is a circle in the
+center of which is a monument bearing a bust of Colonel Payne, and on it
+is the following inscription:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="center">
+IN<br />
+MEMORY OF<br />
+JOHN HOWARD PAYNE<br />
+AUTHOR<br />
+OF<br />
+HOME, SWEET HOME<br />
+BORN JUNE 9, 1791<br />
+DIED APRIL 9, 1852<br />
+ERECTED ANNO DOMINI 1883<br />
+</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left:30%;">
+"Sure when thy gentle spirit fled<br />
+To realms beyond the azure dome<br />
+With arms outstretched, God's angel said<br />
+'Welcome to Heaven's Home, Sweet Home.'"<br />
+
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[Pg 311]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY" id="BIBLIOGRAPHY"></a>BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2>
+
+
+<p class="indenttwo">
+BALCH, THOMAS BLOOMER: <i>Reminiscences of Georgetown</i>.<br />
+<br />
+BRYAN, W. B.: <i>A History of the National Capital</i>.<br />
+<br />
+BUSEY, SAMUEL C.: <i>Pictures of the City of Washington in the Past</i>.<br />
+<br />
+CAEMMERER, H. PAUL, Ph.D.: <i>The Life of Pierre Charles L'Enfant</i>.<br />
+<br />
+CLARK, ALLEN C.: <i>Life and Letters of Dolly Madison</i>.<br />
+<br />
+CORCORAN, W. W.: <i>A Grandfather's Legacy</i>.<br />
+<br />
+COLUMBIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY: <i>Record of the</i>.<br />
+<br />
+DODGE, HARRISON H.: <i>Dodge Family Memoirs</i>.<br />
+<br />
+EVANS, HENRY R.: <i>Old George Town on the Potomac</i>.<br />
+<br />
+HALL, MRS. BASIL: <i>The Aristocratic Journey</i>.<br />
+<br />
+HEIN, O. L., LT. COL., U. S. A.: <i>Memories of Long Ago</i>.<br />
+<br />
+HINES, CHRISTIAN: <i>Early Recollections of Washington City</i>.<br />
+<br />
+JACKSON, RICHARD P.: <i>Chronicles of Georgetown</i>.<br />
+<br />
+LATHROP, GEORGE AND ROSE: <i>A Story of Courage</i>.<br />
+<br />
+LATIMER, LOUISE PAYSON: <i>Your Washington and Mine</i>.<br />
+<br />
+LIBRARY OF CONGRESS: <i>Old Newspapers</i>.<br />
+<br />
+MACKALL, SALLY SOMERVELL: <i>Early Days of Washington</i>.<br />
+<br />
+TAGGART, H. T.: <i>Old George Town</i>.<br />
+<br />
+TORBERT, ALICE COYLE: <i>Doorways and Dormers of Old George Town</i>.<br />
+<br />
+TOWNSEND, GEORGE ALFRED: <i>Washington Outside and Inside</i>.<br />
+<br />
+GAHN, BESSIE WILMARTH: <i>Original Patentees of Land at Washington Prior to 1700</i>.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[Pg 312]</a></span>
+<br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[Pg 313]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>A Grandfather's Legacy</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Abbott, John, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William R., <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Abby, Aunt," <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Acheson, Dean G., <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Acrolophos</i>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Adams, James Truslow, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">President John Quincy, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Addison, Mrs. Arthur, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Henry, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Colonel and Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rev. Walter, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Adlum, Major, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Adler, Morris, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Aged Woman's Home, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Allen, Robert S., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Alsop brothers, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">American Colonization Society, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Analostan Island, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Anchor Tavern and Oyster House, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Anderson, James, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Aristocratic Journey, The</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Arnold's Bakery, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Asbury, Francis, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Augur, Gen. Christopher Colon, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Aunt Hannah," <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Auriol, Vincent, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Aztec Society, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bailey, William, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Baker, Hon, Newton D., <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Balch, Dr. Stephen Bloomer, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rev. Stephen Bloomer, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Baley, Jesse, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bank of Columbia, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Baptist Church, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Barron, Commodore James, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Barrymore. John, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Beall, Alexander, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Brooke, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Catherine, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Eliza, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Harriot, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Josiah, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Lloyd, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Margaret, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Ninian, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Beall's Levels, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Beanes, Dr. William, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Beatty, Charles, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Beauvoir School, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Belin, Hon. F. Lamot, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bell, Alexander Graham, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Alexander Melville, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Miss Aileen, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Chichester, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">David Charles, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bellamy, George Anne, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Belt, Rev. Addison, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Joseph, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Tobias, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Benevolent Society, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Benning, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Benton, Jessie, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas Hart, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Berleith, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Berry, Horatio, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jerry, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mary Ellen, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Philip Taylor, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Beverley, Robert, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bible Society, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Biddle, Hon. and Mrs. Francis E., <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Billings, Dr. John S., <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Mary, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Blackford, Col. B. Lewis, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bladensburg, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Blaine, James G., <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Blake, Dr. James Heighe, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bleig, George, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[Pg 314]</a></span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bliss, Robert Woods, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Blodget, Samuel, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bloomer, Dr. Stephen, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Blount, Henry F., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bodisco, Baron Alexander de, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Madame, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Boggs, Paymaster, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bonaparte, Jerome, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Boncer, Christian, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bonsal, Mrs. Stephen, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Boone, John, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Booth, John Wilkes, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Boston Sentinel, The</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bowers, Claude, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bowie, Washington, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Boyce, Jane, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Mary McEwen, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Braddock, General Edward, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bradley, Abraham, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Joseph Habersham, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Joseph Henry, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William A., <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Brandywine, Battle of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Brandywine</i>, U. S. S., <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bright, Sen. Jesse D., <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bronaugh, Hamilton, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Brooke, Ann, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Col. Richard, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Colonel Thomas, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Brown, Dr. Gustavus, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Joel, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bruce, Harriot, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Col. Normand, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Richard, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bull, James, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Maria Louisa, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bureau of Standards, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Burnes, David, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Burnett, Charles C., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Burr, Aaron, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Busey, Dr. Samuel, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Bushrod, Hannah, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Caemmerer, Dr. H. Paul, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Caille, Monsieur, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Calder, James, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Calhoun, James E., <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John C., <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Calvert, Eleanor, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Campbell, John, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Canal, Chesapeake and Ohio, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Potomac, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Caperton, Hugh, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Hugh, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Capital Traction Company, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Transit Company, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Carcassonne, The," <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Carlile, Henry, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Carlton, Joseph, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Carpenter &amp; Co., <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Carr, Overton, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Carroll, Bishop, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Charles, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Daniel, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Carter, Anne, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Col. John, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Casanave, Peter, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cassin, Commodore, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William Deakins, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Catholic Home for Aged Ladies, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cedars, The, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Century House," <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Chandler, Captain, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Walter S., <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Chapin, Katharine Garrison, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Chapman, Edward, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Frances Isabella, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Judge Henry Henley, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jane, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Chatham, Thurmond, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cherry Lane, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Chevy Chase, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Club, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Chew, Cassandra, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Harriot, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mary, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Christ Church, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Christian Science Church, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cissel, George W., <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">City Tavern, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Clagett, James, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rev. Thomas, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Clarke, Thomas, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[Pg 315]</a></span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cleveland, President and Mrs., <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Coakley, Magdalen, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cochrane, John T., <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cohen, Ben, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">College, Georgetown, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Colonial Apartments, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Columbia Boat Club, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Foundry, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Phonograph Co., <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Columbian Academy, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Library, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Compton, Donna Otie, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mary, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Congress, Continental, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Conjurer's Disappointment, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Constitution</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cooke, Henry D., <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jay, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Corcoran, Charles Morris, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Gallery of Art, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Harriett Louise, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Louise Morris, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, Jr., <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Tommy, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">W. W., <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cotton Manufactory, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cox, John, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sally, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas Campbell, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Judge Walter, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Coyle, Jennie, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Cozens, Mrs., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Crabb, Capt. Henry Wright, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Craik, William, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Crampton, Hon. John F., <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Crawford, Joseph, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Crawford's Hotel, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Crookshanks, Mr., <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Crossbasket, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Curley, Rev. James, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Curtis, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">School, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Custis, George Washington Parke, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. John Parke, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Martha Parke, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mary, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dabney, John, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dall, Mrs., <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Darneilles, Philip, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Davidson, Adeline, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Eliza G., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Kate, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Martha, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mary, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Nannie, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Aunt Peggy, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Samuel, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Davies, Cornelius, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Davis, Dwight F., <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jefferson, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Joe, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Davison, Hon. F. Trubee, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Daw, Reuben, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dawson, Joshua, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Deakins, Colonel, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Francis, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Tabitha Ann, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, Jr., <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Debtors' Prison, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Decatur, Stephen, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dent, Barbara, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Edward Linthicum, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Josiah, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Place, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dick, Betsy, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Lucinda, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Margaret, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Robert, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Discovery, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Digges, Thomas A., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William Dudley, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dill, Sir John and Lady, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dinsmore and Francis, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">District of Columbia, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dodge, A. H., <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Allen, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Charles, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mr. and Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Ebenezer, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Emily, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">F. &amp; A. H., <a href="#Page_242">242</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[Pg 316]</a></span><span class="indentone">Francis, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Francis, Jr., <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Col. Harrison Howell, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Henry H., <a href="#Page_241">241</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Robert, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Robert Perley, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Donovan, General William. <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dorsey, William Hammond, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dougal, William, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Doughty, William, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Doughty's, Capt., Company, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Douglas, Hon. Lewis A., <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dow, Lorenzo, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Doyle, Alexander, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Du Bose, Vice-Admiral Laurence, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Duck Lane, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Duclaviacq, J. B., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dumfries, Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dumbarton House, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dunlop, Arianna French, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elizabeth Peter, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Helen, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Henry, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Capt. Henry, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, Jr., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Judge, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Dupont Circle, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Duval, Gabriel, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Eagle Iron Works, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Tavern, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Earle, George, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Joseph, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Early Days of Washington</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">East Lane, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Eaton, William, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ebenezer (church), <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Edes Home, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Margaret, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Elderslie," <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Eliason, John, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ellicott, Andrew, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Elliot, Jonathan, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Elliott, Richard, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Elliston, Herbert, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Elverson, Nelly, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">English, Miss Lydia, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Epiphany School, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Episcopal Church of the Ascension, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Eustis, Hon. George, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. William Corcoran, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Evening Star, The</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Evermay," <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Club, The, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Farmers' and Butchers' Market, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Federal House," <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Federal Republican, The</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Federalists, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ferguson, Robert, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fierer, Charles &amp; Co., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fifer Largo, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Finley, Mrs. David E., <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Finney, Jimmy, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fisher, H. W., <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fishing Lane, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fleeson, Doris, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fleete, Henry, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Flournoy, Rev. Parke P., <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Forrest, Bladen, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Forrest Hill," <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Forrest Hall, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Forrest, Stoddert, and Murdock, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Forrest, Uriah, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Forrestal, James E., <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fort Duquesne, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fort McHenry, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Foster, Sir Augustus, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Foundry Methodist Church, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fountain Inn, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fowler, Colonel, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Foxall, Catherine, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Henry, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mary Ann, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Frankfurter, Justice, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Franklin, Dr. (Benj.), <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Freeland, Agnes, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sarah Norfleet, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Freeman, Dr. Douglas S., <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fremont, General C., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">French, A., <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Colonel W. E. P., <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Frick Art Reference Library, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Friendly, Alfred, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Friendship," <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Frizzle, Bull, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[Pg 317]</a></span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Frogland, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Fulton, Robert, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Furvey, Rachel, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gadsby's Tavern, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gannt, John M., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Clare, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gantt, John M., <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Garden Club, Georgetown, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Garden Clubs of America, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gardette, Mr., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gardiner, Miss Jennie, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">George Town Academy, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>George Town Weekly Ledger, The</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">George Town Wool, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">George Washington University, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Georgetown," <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Georgetown College, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Georgetown College and Convent, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Germantown, Battle of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Getty, Hetty, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gillespie, James, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Glee Club, Georgetown, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Glyn, Elinor, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Godeys, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gordon, Elizabeth Dodge, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">J. Holdsworth, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Josephine, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Margaret R., <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William A.. <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William A., Jr., <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gordon's Inspection House, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Govan, Archibald, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Grace Church, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Graham, Philip, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Grant, General, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Lewis, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Grayson, Admiral and Mrs. Cary T., <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Greeley, General Adolphus, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Green, Alice, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Hill, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Pyle, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Zola, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Greenleaf, James, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Greenwood," <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Greenway, Mrs. Isabella, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Grinnell Arctic Expedition, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Grosvenor, Mrs. Gilbert, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Gunston Hall, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Halcyon House," <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hall, Mrs. Basil. <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Halleck, Gen. H. W., <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hamilton, Alexander, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hanewinckel, William Frederick, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hanson, Alexander Contee, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Harkness, Richard, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Harlem," <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Harper's Magazine</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Harrison, Thomas, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Virginia, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Harrover, Miss, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Harry, Harriot Eliza, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Harward, Ann, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Haw, John Stoddert, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Lucinda Stoddert, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Hayes," <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Haynes, Aaron, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hazel's Stable, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hedges, Nicholas, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Heiberg, Colonel and Mrs., <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Heighe, Glorvina, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Heights, The," <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hein, Charles, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Col. O. L., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Samuel, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Henderson, Thomas, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Henry Brand &amp; Co., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Herr, Abraham H., <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Austin, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Herring Hill, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Heugh, Andrew, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Highlands, The," <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hight, Mrs., <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hill, Louis, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hinckley, Howard, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hines, Christian, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hoban, James, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hobbs, Miss, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hollerith, Hermann, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hollingsworth, Col., <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Holmead, Anthony, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Holy Hill, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Holy Trinity Catholic Church, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Home for the Blind, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hood, Admiral Sir Samuel, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[Pg 318]</a></span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hope, Eleanor, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hopkins, Diana, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Harry, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Mary, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rev. Matthew, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Howard, Governor, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hubbard, Roberta, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hull, Captain Isaac, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Prince, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Humboldt, Baron, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Humbolt, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hume, Thomas L., <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hunter, William, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Hyde, Anthony, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Granville, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ihlder, Mr. and Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Impartial Observer and Washington Advertiser</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Independence, Declaration of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Indians, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Nacotchankes, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Anacostians, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Industrial Home School, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">International Business Machines Corporation, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Iran, Shah of, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Irving, Washington, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Islands, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Analostan, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mason's, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">My Lord's, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Barbadoes, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Iturbide, Prince, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Jackson, Andrew, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Samuel, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">James, Reverend Mr., <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Jancerez, A. L., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Jefferson, Thomas, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Jersey</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">John Glassford &amp; Company, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Johns, Margaret, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Captain Richard, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sarah, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Johnson, Andrew, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, Jr., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Joiner, Robert, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Jones, John, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Joseph Semmes's Tavern, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Josepha, Anna Maria, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Joyce, Col. John J., <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Kearns, Francis, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Keith, James, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rev. Ruel, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Kennon, Mrs. Beverley, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Britannia W., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Martha, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Martha Custis, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Key, Francis Scott, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Philip Barton, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Keys, The, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Kilty, Hon. Mr., <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">King, William, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Kings Arms, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Kirk, Alexander, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">S. and Sons, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Kirk's School, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Knave's Disappointment, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Knox, Mrs. McCook, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lacy, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lafayette, General, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Laird, Helen, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Peggy, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, Jr., <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lancaster, Joseph, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lancastrian School, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Langfitt, Colonel, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lanman, Charles, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Lawrence, The</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Laws, Sunday, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">League of American Pen Women, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Leakin, Rev. George, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lear's Wharf, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lee, General Charles, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">General Henry, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Margaret, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Richard Bland, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[Pg 319]</a></span><span class="indentone"><i>R. E.</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">General Robert E., <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas Sim, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lemon, Hannah, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">L'Enfant, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lewis, Fulton, Jr., <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mr. and Mrs. Fulton, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sir Wilmott, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Leyhman, Christopher, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Liancourt, Duc de la Rochefoucault, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Libbey, Joseph H., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Martha, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Liberia, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Liberty League, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Light-Lane, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lincoln, Abraham, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Robert Todd, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lingan, James Maccubbin, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Nicholas, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Robert, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Linthicum, Edward M., <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Institute, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Kate, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lippincott, Mrs. Hare, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lippman, Walter, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lipscomb's School, Miss, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Little Old Stone House, The, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Little Falls, The, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lockwood, Gen. Henry Hayes, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lodge, Henry Cabot, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Longfont, Major, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lord Baltimore, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lottery, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Louise Home, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Loundes, Christopher, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Francis, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rebecca, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lovering, William, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lover's Lane, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lowndes, Francis, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lower Marlboro, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lutz, John, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lynch, Dominick, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lynn, David, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jane, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rosetta, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Lyon's Mill, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Macaulay, Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Mackall, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Christiana Beall, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Christiana, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Leonard, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Louis, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. Louis, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. and Mrs. Louis, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sally Somervell, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Madison, Dolly, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Magruder, Dr. Hezekiah, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James A., <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. James A., <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Samuel III, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Mamre," <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Marbury, Eleanor, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, Jr., <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Marburys, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">March, John, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Marche, Madame de la, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mary de la, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Marlowe, Julia, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Morsell, Judge, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Marshall, John, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Martineau, Mr., <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Mary Margaret Home, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Maryland Agricultural College, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Maryland Gazette</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, The</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Mason, Mrs. Beverley Randolph, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Emily V., <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John Thompson, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Robert, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Matthews, Henry Cooksey, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Maximilian, Emperor, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McCartney, Mrs., <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McCleery, Harry, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McCormick, Mrs. Ruth Hannah, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McCoy, Mrs. Frank R., <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McCraith, Richard, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McDermott, Maria, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McDonald (Alexander, Mary), <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Andrew, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McGrath's Company, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[Pg 320]</a></span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McIlvaine, Rev. Charles, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McKenney, Henrietta, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Samuel, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Summerfield, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McLaughlin, Charles, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McLean, Mrs. Evalyn Walsh, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McPherson, John D., <a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">McVean, Dr. James, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rev. James, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Margaret, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Melvin, James, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Memories of Long Ago</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Merrimac</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Merry, Anthony, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Methodist Church, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Methodist Episcopal Church, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Meyer, Hon. and Mrs. Balthasar, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sylvia, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Middlebrook," <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Middleton, Miss, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Mikado</i>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Military Academy, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Miller, Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Benjamin, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Hezekiah, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Mitchell, Miss Kate, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Maffitt, John, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Monroe, James, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Monrovia, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Montrose," <a href="#Page_300">300</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Moore, Clement, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Frederick L., <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Morris, Anthony, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Commodore Charles, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Gouveneur, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Louise, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs., <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rebecca, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Robert, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Morrow, Hon. Dwight, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Morsell, Judge, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Morton, William, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Mount Airy," <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Mount Alban," <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Mount Alto Hospital, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Mount Vernon, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Mount Zion Methodist, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Mountz, John, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Murdock, John, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Museum, The</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Myers, John, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Napier, Lord and Lady, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">National Gallery of Art, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Naval Agent, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Observatory, U. S., <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Neale, Rev. Francis, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Needham, John, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Newbold, John L., <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Lydia, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">New Orleans, Battle of, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Nicholson, Commodore, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Nicolls, William, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Normanstone," <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Norwood, Dr. William, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Nourse, Major Charles, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Major Charles Joseph, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Miss Emily, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Joseph, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Miss Mary, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Miss Rosa, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Oak Hill," <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Cemetery, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Oak View," <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Oaks, The," <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Odell, Thomas, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Oden, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Oeller's Hotel, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Oertel, Reverend Mr., <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Old Houses in Georgetown Heights</i>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Old White," <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Old Yarrow, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Olney Institute, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">O'Neal, John Carter, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">O'Neale, Peggy, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">O'Neill, Bernard, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Order of Poor Clares, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Orme, James, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rev. John, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Lucy, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William B., <a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Otie, Bishop James Hervey, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Oueston family, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Oulahan, Richard V., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[Pg 321]</a></span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ould, Mattie, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Judge Robert, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Owens, Isaac, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pairo, family, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pancost, Wm., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Parrott, Mrs. Jane. <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Richard, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Parrott's Mill, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Patrenotre, Monsieur, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Patmos," <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Patton, Mrs. James D., <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Payne, John Howard, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Peabody Educational Fund, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Peabody, George, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pearson, Drew, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Peirce, Edward, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pendleton, Mr., <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. William, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Perrie, James, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Perry, Commodore, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Perthshire, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Peter, Alexander, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">America, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Ann Thomas Beall, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Armistead, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Armistead, Jr., <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. Armistead, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Britannia, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Columbia, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">David, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. David, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Major George, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George Washington, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jane, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Margaret, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Robert, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sallie, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Walter G., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Peter's Grove, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Square, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Philadelphia</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Philip, Henry, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Philippe, Louis, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Phillips, E., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pichon, Monsieur, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pick, Mrs., <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pickrell, Annie Graham, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pinckney, William, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Piney Branch, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pious Ladies, The, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pitt, George, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Plater, Ann, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rebecca, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Thomas, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Podestad, Marquis de, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pollock, Isaac, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Pompean Hall, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Poore, Ben Perley, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Post, Dr., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Potomac Fire Engine Co., <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Fire Insurance Company, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Powell, Genevieve, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John Wesley, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Presbyterian Church, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sabbath School, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">President's House, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Pretty Prospect," <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Prince Georges County, Md., <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Princeton</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Prospect Cottage, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Prospect House," <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Prout, William, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Quality Hill," <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Radford, Admiral, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sophy, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Randolph, John, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Read, Isabella, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jane, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Red Devil, The</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Redin, Catherine, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Richard Wright, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Reed, Dr. Walter, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Red Top," <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Reintzel, Daniel, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Reverend Addison Belt's School, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Richardson, Thomas, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ridgely, Anna Key, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[Pg 322]</a></span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Riggs, Bank, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elisha, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George W., <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Riley, Marianna, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Riley's, Dr.," <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ritchie, Dr. Lewis, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mary, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Rittenhouse, Fannie, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Loulie, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Robbins, Warren Delano, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Roberdeau, Mr. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Roberts, Owen J., <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Robertson, Thomas, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Robinson, Margaret, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Roche, Captain de la, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Rochefoucault, Madame de la, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Rock Creek, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Rock of Dumbarton, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Rogers, Mr., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. William Barton, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Rolling Houses, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Roman Church, The, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Roosevelt, Franklin D., <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Henry Latrobe, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Theodore Memorial Association, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Rosedale," <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ross, Andrew, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Royal George," <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sailor's Oak, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sailor's Tavern, The, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Saint Frances of Assisi, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Saint John's Church, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sayrs, Rev. Mr., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">St. John's Episcopal Church, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Salem</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sands, Comfort, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Admiral James Hogan, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William Franklin, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sartiges, Count de, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Second U. S. Regiment, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Seminary, Miss English's, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Seminary, The, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Semmes, Cora, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Sentinel of Liberty, The</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sevier, Mr. and Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Schladt's, Joe, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Schoofield, Jacob, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">School for Young Ladies, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Schultz, Mr., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Scotch Row, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Scott, Arianna, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Captain Douglas, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Gustavus, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Winfield, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Shaffer, Amy, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sharpe, Louise, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Shepherd, Alexander, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ships&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Potomack Planter</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Brothers</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Betsy</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Ritson</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Felicity</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Lydia</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Columbia</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Shouse, Jouett, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Sign of the Golden Fan," <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sign of the Indian King, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sigsbee, Admiral, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Simms, Mrs. Albert, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Captain Charles Carroll, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Simpson, Ignatius, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James Alexander, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Reverend, Mr., <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Slidell, Hon. John, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Smith, Barbara, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Clement, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Gurdon B., <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">James, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Captain John, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jennie, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Margaret, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Matilda, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Roberta, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Smoot, John D., <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Snyder, Dr. Arthur, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. John M., <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Sotterley," <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sothern, E. H., <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Southworth, Mrs. E. D. E. N., <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Sporting Parson," <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sprague, Kate Chase, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Spring Hill," <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stanton, Edwin M., <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[Pg 323]</a></span><br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Star and Garter," <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Star-Spangled Banner, The</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Steele, Franklin, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Frank, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stephenson, Lucy, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Steuben, General von, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stevens, George, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Oscar, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Steuart, Adam, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stewart, William, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stoddert, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Captain Thomas, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stohlman, Frederick, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">J. William, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stohlman's, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stone House, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stone, John H., <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stouffer, Henry, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Strange, Michael, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Stuart, Albert Rhett, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">David, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Gilbert, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Joshua, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Col. Philip, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Sumner, Charles, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Surprise</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Suter, John, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, Jr., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Swallow Barn, The," <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Symonds, Misses, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tabor, Alice, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Taft, Senator Robert A., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Talcott, E. M., <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Miss Lucia, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Talleyrand, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tavern, Union, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tayloe, Annie, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jane, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sophie, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Temple of Islam, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Templeman, John, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tenally Town, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tennally, John, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tenney, William H., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tenneys, Miss, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Terrace Top, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Thaw, Blair, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Thomas, Edward, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Gen. George C., <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Thompson, Charles, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Thomson, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Thornton, William, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. William, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Threlkeld, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Henry, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jane, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tillinghast, Rev. N. P., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Timberlake, Mr., <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Times and Potowmack Packet</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Toby, Lemuel, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tohoga, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tudor Place, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Tunlaw," <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tschuda, Ume, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Turner, Nancy Byrd, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Turner's Counting House, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Tyler, Dr. Grafton, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mittie, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. Walter Bowie, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Undiplomatic Memories</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Union Bank, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Hotel, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Tavern, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">United States Bank, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Upper Marlboro, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Vanderwerken, Mr., <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Van Devanter, Christopher, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sally, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Van Nell, John P., <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Van Ness, Marcia Burns, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Victoria, Queen, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Vigilant, The</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Villard, R. H. L., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Vineyard, The," <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Virginia Dons," <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Gazette, The</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Military Institute, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Visitation Convent, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Volney, Count, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Volta Place, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Speech Association, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[Pg 324]</a></span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wadsworth, Hon. James J., <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Waggaman, Thomas E., <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Walker, George, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mr. and Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wapping, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">War Department, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Warburton Manor, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Ward, Ulysses, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Warehouse Lot," <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Warren, Mr., <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Washington Cathedral, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">City Orphan Asylum, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Eleanor Ann, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone"><i>Federalist, The</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">George Corbin, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">John Augustine, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Washington and Lee University, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Washington, Lewis, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Washington Merry-Go-Round," <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Walters, William, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Weaver's, Admiral House, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Webster, Daniel, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo"><i>Weekly Ledger, The</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Weems, Doctor, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Welsh, James, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">West, Mrs. Frank, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">West Washington School for Girls, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Western Channel, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Western High School, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Weston," <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Whann, David, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jane Maffitt, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wheatleys, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wheeler, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Whiskey Insurrectionists, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Whitall, Samuel, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Sarah, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">White House, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">White, Jane, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">White Sulphur, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">White's Tavern, Mrs., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wigglesworth, Hon. Richard B., <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wiley, Dr. David, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Rev. David, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wilkinson, General, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Theodore, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Willard Hotel, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">William and Mary College, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">William of Orange, Prince, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Williams, Alec, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Brooke, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Brooke, Jr., <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Brooke, Sr., <a href="#Page_274">274</a></span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Elisha O., <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Elisha O., <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Harriot Beall, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Jeremiah, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Gen. Otho Holland, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs. Rebecca, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Dr. Walter, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Capt. William G., <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Williamson, Rev. Alexander, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mrs., <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wilson, William, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Winant, John G., <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Winslow, Mary, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wirt, William, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wise, John, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Wood, Admiral and Mrs. Spencer, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Woodlawn," <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Woodley," <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Woods, Marian, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">"Woodyard," <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Worthington, Dr. Charles, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Mr. and Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Lilah, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Nicholas, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Yellow Tavern, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Young, Abraham, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">Notley, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<span class="indentone">William, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<span class="indenttwo">Zeller, Mary, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br /><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="tn">
+<h2><a name="Transcribers_Notes" id="Transcribers_Notes"></a>Transcriber's Notes.</h2>
+
+<p>The copyright of this work has been researched and no
+indications were found that the U.S. copyright was renewed.</p>
+
+<p>Punctuation has been normalised, and hyphenation of words outside quoted
+material has been made consistent, without comment here.</p>
+
+<p>Due to the large number of variant spellings in the material quoted in
+this work, the following possible typographic errors in quoted material
+have not been corrected:</p>
+
+<div class="indentone">
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_ix">ix</a>: "trnsubstantiation."</p>
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_20">20</a>: "American indenpendence, which."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_30">30</a>: "June 31, 1800."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_38">38</a>: "Union Tavern in George Town, where he palns to."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_38">38</a>: "Carpenter, can by the asistance."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_49">49</a>: "number of dogs in Gerogetown."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_133">133</a>: "General Lee, and a freqeunt visitor."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_158">158</a>: "Rensselear, "the Patroon," who."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_282">282</a>: "I do not admit mere curisoity."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_283">283</a>: "for without that blissful comsummation."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_292">292</a>: "The mariage ceremony was performed."</p></div>
+
+<p>On Page <a href="#Page_7">7</a> "at the the feast of the Annunciacion" was corrected to "at
+the feast of the Annunciacion."</p>
+
+<p>The following typographic errors outside quoted materials have been corrected:</p>
+<div class="indentone">
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_32">32</a>: "Paquet" to "Packet," and on Page <a href="#Page_32">32</a> and Page <a href="#Page_51">51</a>:
+"Potomack" to "Potowmack," to match other instances of the name of
+the "<i>Times and Potowmack Packet</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_67">67</a>: "Garnirke" to "Garnkirke."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_74">74</a>: "Samuel McKenny" to "Samuel McKenney."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_109">109</a>: "vari-clored" to "vari-colored"</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_127">127</a>: "Mr. and Mrs. Willliam Laird" to "Mr. and Mrs. William
+Laird."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_129">129</a>: "many other in this part of" to "many others in this part
+of."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_157">157</a>: "Artistocratic" to "Aristocratic," per Bibliography.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_172">172</a>: "the Greenbiar" to "the Greenbriar."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_174">174</a>: "ninety strokes as cariage" to "ninety strokes as
+carriage."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_175">175</a>: "Encyclopedia" to "Encyclop&aelig;dia," to match other references
+to "<i>The Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_280">280</a>: "Lincoln's assasination" to "Lincoln's assassination."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_313">313</a>: "Beavoir School" to "Beauvoir School"</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_314">314</a>: "Burres, David" to "Burnes, David" and "Calton, Joseph" to
+"Carlton, Joseph."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_317">317</a>: "Hallerith, Hermann" to "Hollerith, Hermann."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_318">318</a>: Indentation of Index entry for "Keith, Rev. Ruel,"
+corrected.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_319">319</a> "Marsell, Judge" to "Morsell, Judge" and "McCloy, Mrs.
+Frank R." to "McCoy, Mrs. Frank R."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_320">320</a>: "Queston family" to "Oueston family."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_321">321</a>: "Phillyss, E." to "Phillips, E."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_322">322</a>: "Soyrs, Rev. Mr." to "Sayrs, Rev. Mr."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href="#Page_323">323</a>: "Thomsen, Elizabeth" to "Thomson, Elizabeth."</p></div>
+
+<p>The Index has been re-ordered after correction so that entries are in
+alphabetical order.</p>
+
+<p>Further it is noted that:</p>
+
+<div class="indentone"><p>On Page <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, in "to live one another" one or more words is missing.</p>
+
+<p>There is variation in the spelling of "Tenally Town", which is also
+given as "Tennally Town" on Page <a href="#Page_31">31</a> where the name is related to
+that of its founder John Tennally. Both spellings appear to have
+been in common usage.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Portrait of Old George Town, by 
+Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
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+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's A Portrait of Old George Town, by Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Portrait of Old George Town
+
+Author: Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
+Release Date: January 6, 2009 [EBook #27716]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PORTRAIT OF OLD GEORGE TOWN ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Louise Pattison and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MAP _of_ GEORGE TOWN]
+
+
+
+
+                _A PORTRAIT_
+
+                    _OF_
+
+              _OLD GEORGE TOWN_
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: EARLY GEORGE TOWN]
+
+
+
+
+                A Portrait of
+               Old George Town
+
+                     BY
+
+             GRACE DUNLOP ECKER
+
+               [Illustration]
+
+                   _1951_
+
+        THE DIETZ PRESS, INCORPORATED
+
+            _Richmond, Virginia_
+
+
+               COPYRIGHT, 1951
+                     BY
+              GRACE G. D. PETER
+
+               SECOND EDITION
+            Revised and Enlarged
+
+    PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
+
+
+                 DEDICATED
+              TO THE MEMORY OF
+            MY FATHER AND MOTHER
+     GEORGE THOMAS AND EMILY REDIN DUNLOP
+                    AND
+            MY AUNT, ELLEN DUNLOP
+     ALL THREE OF WHOM LIVED LONG, USEFUL
+             AND UNSELFISH LIVES
+               IN GEORGETOWN
+
+
+
+
+GEORGE TOWN GHOSTS
+
+_By_ WILLIAM TIPTON TABLOTT
+
+    _The ghosts of Georgetown when they meet
+    In haunted house or moonlit street
+    With pride recall the functions gay
+    When down the Philadelphia way
+    The Federal City overnight
+    Moved to its bare and swampy site,
+    For Georgetown then a busy mart,
+    A growing seaport from the start,
+    Where a whole-hearted spirit reigned,
+    Threw wide its doors, and entertained
+    With wines and viands of the best--
+    The Federal City was its guest._
+
+    _In memory of the good old days,
+    Whose ways to them were modern ways,
+    Congenial ghosts across Rock Creek,
+    With formal bows and steps antique,
+    Rehearse a spectral minuet
+    Where once in bright assemblies met--
+    Beruffled belles looked love to beaus
+    In powdered wigs and faultless hose;
+    Or merchant ghosts survey the skies
+    And venture guesses weatherwise
+    Regarding winds that will prevail
+    To speed their ships about to sail._
+
+    _Still in the shaded hillside streets
+    A trace of old-time welcome greets
+    The passer-by who has a flare
+    For scenes of old. No longer there
+    A buoyant Georgetown stands alone,
+    The Federal City having grown
+    Until their boundaries overlap;
+    So that, deleted from the map,
+    Though once the Federal City's host,
+    Georgetown itself is now a ghost._
+
+
+
+
+_Foreword_
+
+
+It is not at all in my mind to write a history of Georgetown. Several
+have been written, but I do want, very, very much, to paint a portrait
+of this dear old town of my birth where my parents, my grandparents,
+great-grandfathers and one great-great-grandfather lived, and which I
+love so dearly.
+
+A portrait, partly of its physical features, its streets, its houses and
+gardens, some of which still exist in their pristine glory but, alas,
+many of which have gone the way of so-called progress. In place of the
+dignified houses of yore, of real architectural beauty, stand rows of
+cheap dwellings or stores, erected mostly in the seventies and eighties
+when architecture was at its worst. In 1895 it was that the old names of
+the streets were taken away and from then on we've been just an adjunct
+of Washington.
+
+Not only of its physical side do I wish to tell, but I want to paint a
+picture of the kind of people who lived here, from the beginning up
+through the gay nineties--nearly one hundred and fifty years. Of the
+kind of things they did, their work, their play, their thoughts and
+their beliefs, for the character of the town, like human beings, was
+formed largely by their beliefs, and these old Scotsmen--for they were
+greatly in the majority--laid a great deal of stress on their
+Presbyterian form of Christianity. Witness the oath that had to be taken
+by the Flour Inspector on February 24, 1772: "I, Thomas Brannan, do
+declare that I do believe that there is not any trnsubstantiation in
+the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper or in the elements of bread and
+wine, at or after the consecration thereof by any person whatsoever."
+
+And yet, with this strong prejudice, they cooperated and lived on
+friendly terms with the Roman Catholics who, very soon after the taking
+of this particular oath, founded their college and established their
+convent for teaching young girls.
+
+Dr. Balch counselled well when he besought his people: "Let us resolve
+to be social rather than fashionable, and generous instead of
+extravagant."
+
+All down through the years and to this day I think that has been the
+hall-mark of the real Georgetonian. A great deal of fashion has come to
+Georgetown, as in the early days of the bringing of the government when
+Washington City was a waste and almost entirely one big mud puddle, and
+the foreign ministers and many high in our government sought the comfort
+and dignity of this town, which was then far from young.
+
+Again in later years there has been an exodus across Rock Creek of men
+and women high in the government; in the diplomatic corps; in industry;
+in literature and the arts; lured hither by the quiet dignity of the
+old-time atmosphere.
+
+There are today living in Georgetown descendants of nearly every one of
+the original makers of the town, and all through these years the old
+friendships still persist and flourish.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is impossible for me to express my thanks to all the people who have
+helped me and made it possible to write this book. I want to mention
+Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor; Miss Williams of the Peabody Room of the
+Georgetown Branch of the Public Library; Miss McPherson and Mr. John
+Beverley Riggs of the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress;
+Mr. Meredith Colket and Mr. O. W. Holmes of the National Archives; Dr.
+H. Paul Caemmerer, Secretary of the Commission of Fine Arts; Miss
+Pennybaker, of the Real Estate and Columbia Title Insurance Company; the
+Mount Vernon Ladies' Association and Mr. C. C. Wall, Superintendent of
+Mount Vernon. Also the various people who did the typing and helped
+secure the photographs.
+
+And last but not least the friends of the old regime who have given to
+me freely of the history and traditions of their ancestors. They are too
+many to name, but to each one I owe a real debt of gratitude. Especially
+to one, my life-long friend, am I indebted. Without her unceasing
+interest and encouragement this Portrait might never have been done.
+
+GRACE GLASGOW DUNLOP ECKER.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                             _Page_
+
+    DEDICATION                                                   v
+
+    GEORGE TOWN GHOSTS                                         vii
+
+    FOREWORD                                                    ix
+
+    _Chapter_
+
+    I.    BEGINNINGS OF A TOWN                                   3
+
+    II.   THE ORIGINAL TOWN AND ITS PEOPLE                      13
+
+    III.  THE TAVERNS, SHOPS, AND SCHOOLS                       24
+
+    IV.   THE STREETS OF GEORGE TOWN AND SOME OF THE
+             HAPPENINGS                                         40
+
+    V.    WASHINGTON AND L'ENFANT IN GEORGE TOWN                51
+
+    VI.   BELOW BRIDGE STREET                                   65
+
+    VII.  ALONG BRIDGE (M) STREET                               80
+
+    VIII. HIGH STREET, PROSPECT AVENUE, THE COLLEGE, THE
+             CONVENT, AND THE THRELKELDS                       104
+
+    IX.   ALONG FIRST STREET (N) FROM COX'S ROW TO HIGH
+             STREET (WISCONSIN AVE.)                           125
+
+    X.    GAY (N) STREET--EAST TO ROCK CREEK                   135
+
+    XI.   THE THREE PHILANTHROPISTS                            161
+
+    XII.  THE SEMINARY, WASHINGTON (30TH) STREET AND
+             DUMBARTON AVENUE                                  179
+
+    XIII. THIRD STREET, BEALL (O) STREET, WEST (P) STREET      208
+
+    XIV.  STODDERT (Q) STREET                                  224
+
+    XV.   TUDOR PLACE AND CONGRESS (31ST) STREET               261
+
+    XVI.  EVERMAY, THE HEIGHTS AND OAK HILL                    281
+
+    BIBLIOGRAPHY                                               311
+
+    INDEX                                                      313
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+    Early George Town                                _Frontispiece_
+
+                                                              PAGE
+
+    Rev. James McVean                                            6
+
+    Henry Foxall                                                73
+
+    Home of Henry Foxall                                        75
+
+    Old Presbyterian Church                                     84
+
+    General James Maccubbin Lingan }
+                                   }
+    Benjamin Stoddert              }                            88
+                                   }
+    Uriah Forrest                  }
+
+    William Marbury                                             94
+
+    Philip Barton Key                         }
+                                              }                 96
+    Mrs. Philip Barton Key (Elizabeth Plater) }
+
+    Home of Francis Scott Key                                  100
+
+    Francis Scott Key                                          102
+
+    Benjamin Stoddert's House                                  110
+
+    Home of Dr. Charles Worthington                            114
+
+    John Threlkeld                                             122
+
+    Colonel John Cox                                           124
+
+    Old Dr. Riley's House                                      139
+
+    3017 N Street. The House that Thomas Beall Built           145
+
+    John Laird           }
+                         }                                     147
+    James Dunlop, Senior }
+
+    Major George Peter }
+                       }
+    Judge James Dunlop }                                       152
+                       }
+    William Redin      }
+
+    Edward Magruder Linthicum                                  162
+
+    William Wilson Corcoran                                    164
+
+    George Peabody                                             175
+
+    Miss Lydia English                                         184
+
+    Dr. Grafton Tyler                                          188
+
+    Home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman                         193
+
+    Old McKenney House                                         195
+
+    St. John's Church                                          198
+
+    Bodisco House                                              203
+
+    Christ Church                                              211
+
+    Washington Bowie                                           223
+
+    The Sevier House (Built by Washington Bowie)               225
+
+    The George T. Dunlop House                                 228
+
+    Home of Francis Dodge                                      231
+
+    Francis Dodge, Senior                                      233
+
+    The Sons of Francis Dodge, 1878                            238
+
+    William A. Gordon                                          249
+
+    Dumbarton House                                            255
+
+    Tudor Place                                                260
+
+    Thomas Peter                                               262
+
+    Mrs. Thomas Peter (Martha Parke Custis)                    264
+
+    Lloyd Beall                                                278
+
+    The Old Mackall House                                      285
+
+    Home of Brooke Williams                                    290
+
+    Madame Bodisco                                             294
+
+    Mount Hope. The William Robinson House                     296
+
+    The Oaks (Now Dumbarton Oaks) }
+                                  }                            300
+    Montrose                      }
+
+    William Hammond Dorsey                                     302
+
+
+
+
+_A PORTRAIT_
+
+_OF_
+
+_OLD GEORGE TOWN_
+
+
+
+
+Chapter I
+
+_Beginnings of a Town_
+
+
+There are many Georgetowns up and down the Atlantic seaboard in the
+original thirteen colonies, and even one in Kentucky, much like the
+Jamestowns and Charlestowns and Williamsburgs named for the sovereign of
+the time, but this George Town of which I write was in Maryland on the
+Potomac River, and because it was situated at the head of tidewater of
+that great river, it became important on account of the great amount of
+tobacco grown in that area and brought to this point to be carried
+across the seas.
+
+The earliest knowledge we have of this region, which has become The
+Capital City of the great United States of America, concerns the Indians
+who were living here when the white explorers came.
+
+The first of these we know of was the redoubtable Captain John Smith,
+who, in 1608, came up the Potomac River and made a map of his travels.
+He tells us in his _Historie of Virginie_ of "the mildness of the aire,
+the fertilitie of the soil, and the situation of the rivers to the
+nature and use of man as no place more convenient for pleasure, profit
+and man's sustenance." He was referring to the confluence of the Potomac
+with its Eastern Branch and the then good-sized Rock Creek.
+
+In 1634 another Englishman, Henry Fleete, sailed up the river as far as
+the Little Falls, trading furs with the Indians. Thus he wrote of the
+site of George Town:
+
+     "Monday, the 25th of June, we set sail for the Town of Tohoga,
+     where we came to anchor two leagues short of the falls: this place
+     is without question the most pleasant in all this country and most
+     convenient for habitation; the air temperate in summer and not
+     violent in winter. The river aboundeth in all manner of fish, and
+     for deer, buffalos, bears and turkeys, the woods do swarm with them
+     and the soil is exceedingly fertile."
+
+Henry Fleete remained with the Indians about twelve years, whether of
+his own free will or as a captive is not quite certain, but evidently
+this writing of his was to good purpose, for, in the next decade, small
+parties of Scots and Irish began settling on the Potomac at the mouth of
+Rock Creek.
+
+The Indians whom these white men found here belonged to the Algonquin
+Nation, which included many tribes. Thomas Jefferson says there were
+probably forty of these tribes between the Atlantic Ocean and the
+Potomac River. The tribe living within the limits of the present
+District of Columbia was the Nacotchankes or Anacostians, as the British
+called them, hence, the name given to the Eastern branch of the Potomac,
+where the largest village was situated, near what is now called Benning.
+West of Rock Creek was the village of Tohoga, on the site of what became
+George Town.
+
+The Indian families lived on cultivated farms of a few acres, each
+strung out along the river. From it came a large part of their food,
+and, of course, it was their best mode of communication by canoe.
+
+The most interesting activity of these Indians was the manufacture of
+all manner of tools from the stones which they found in the surrounding
+hills. These cobblestones had been washed down by the river ages before.
+In later years they paved the streets of Georgetown, but these Indians
+used them to form arrow-darts, knives, spear points, scrapers, and
+drills of all sizes. Traces of these quarries were found as late as
+1900; the largest of them seems to have been on Piney Branch, where it
+is crossed by 16th Street. It is now obliterated.
+
+There was, also, in this region, soapstone, and from it and from clay,
+the Indians made pots and vessels for household use.
+
+Scientists think that other tribes came from far away to barter their
+goods for these implements, and so, over three hundred years ago, this
+place was a sort of metropolis for the Indians.
+
+It was, of course, by way of the river that the settlers came to this
+region after the grant of the Colony of Maryland to Lord Baltimore as
+Lord Proprietor. This colony of Maryland differed from the other
+colonies in the fact that all the land was the property of Lord
+Baltimore, to give or sell as he pleased. Another difference was the
+establishment of the Manorial System, by which the owner of one thousand
+acres or more became Lord of his Manor. (It was almost like the Feudal
+System.)
+
+In 1703 a grant of 795 acres was made to Ninian Beall, beginning thus:
+
+    "Charles, Absolute Lord and Proprietor of the Province of
+    Maryland....
+
+    Know yee that for and in consideration that Ninian Beall of Prince
+    Georges County had due unto him 795 acres of land within our
+    Province....
+
+[Illustration: REV. JAMES McVEAN (See Chapter XI)]
+
+    We do therefore grant unto him the said Ninian Beall all that tract
+    or parcell of land called Rock of Dunbarton, lying in the said
+    County, beginning at the Southwest corner Tree, of a tract of land
+    taken for Robert Mason standing by Potomack River side at the mouth
+    of Rock Creek....
+
+    To have and to hold the same unto him the said Ninian Beall, his
+    heirs and assignees forever to be holden of us and our heirs as of
+    our manor of Calverton in free and Common Soccage by fealty only
+    for all manner of services yielding and paying therefor yearly unto
+    us and our heirs at our receipt at the City of St. Maries at the
+    two most usual feasts in the year--at the feast of Annunciacion
+    of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Michael the Archangell by even
+    and equal porcions the rent of one pound eleven shillings and nine
+    pence half penny sterling silver or gold....
+
+    Given under our Greater Seal of Armes, this eighteenth day of
+    November, one thousand seven hundred and three, witness our trusty
+    and well beloved Colonel Henry Darnell, keeper of our said Greater
+    Seale in our said Province of Maryland."
+
+Colonel Ninian Beall lived a long and interesting life. He had been born
+in Largo, Fifes Shire, Scotland, in 1625. There he had been an officer
+in the Scottish-English Army, which fought for the Stuarts' Army against
+Cromwell; he was made a prisoner at the battle of Dunbar, September 3,
+1650, and sentenced to five years servitude in the Barbadoes, West
+Indies. Many gentlemen were so sentenced as political prisoners and sent
+out as industrial servants at that time. He was eventually sent to
+Maryland, where, after completing his term of servitude, he proved his
+right to 50 acres of land and received many hundreds more for bringing
+out immigrants and settling there.
+
+He held many notable and honorable offices in the colony, and, in 1699,
+the General Assembly passed an Act of Gratitude for the distinguished
+Indian services of Colonel Ninian Beall.
+
+As he was Commander in Chief of the Provincial Forces in Maryland, he
+probably visited the garrison at the Falls and so knew this region long
+before he was granted this tract of the Rock of Dunbarton. He previously
+had procured 225 acres on the east side of Rock Creek just opposite,
+called Beall's Levels.
+
+Ninian Beall died in 1717 at his home, Fifer Largo, near Upper Marlboro,
+Maryland. From a description of him in the Records of the Columbia
+Historical Society:
+
+    ... "He had a complexion characteristic of his nationality, with an
+    unusually heavy growth of long red hair, and was over six feet in
+    height, powerful in brawn and muscle and phenomenal in physical
+    endurance."
+
+He had twelve children, six sons and six daughters. In his will is
+recorded:
+
+    "I do give and bequeath unto my son George, my plantation and tract
+    of land called the Rock of Dunbarton, lying and being at Rock
+    Creek, containing four hundred and eight acres, with all the stock
+    thereon, both cattle and hogs, them and their increase, unto my
+    said son, George, and unto his heirs forever.
+
+    "I do also give and bequeath, unto my said son, George Beall, his
+    choice of one of my feather beds, bolster and pillow and other
+    furniture thereunto belonging, with two cows and calves and half my
+    sheep from off this plantation I now live on, unto him and his
+    heirs forever."
+
+This son, George, was the eighth child of Ninian Beall. He had a son,
+Thomas, who always styled himself Thomas Beall of George; of him we
+shall hear more later on. The family was not limited to these, for many
+other Bealls, men and women, appear in the annals of George Town.
+
+George Gordon, the other of the two original proprietors of the lands
+which became George Town, was also a Scotsman and had a share in a
+manufacture at Leith, near Edinburgh, so it is evident that, when he
+came to this country, he had means which he invested in Prince Georges
+County and Frederick County, Maryland. He held the office of Sheriff of
+Frederick County and was a judge of the first County Court.
+
+A deed to Gordon from James Smith, "planter," is dated November 13,
+1734. In it, George Gordon is described as "merchant." The tract
+conveyed was one hundred acres, known as "Knaves' Disappointment," a
+part of three hundred acres called his Rock Creek Plantation. The
+consideration was one hundred pounds sterling or about five hundred
+dollars.
+
+It is thought that the original Inspection House of George Gordon was
+built of logs not far from the mouth of Rock Creek, fronting on the
+Potomac, somewhere between 1734 and 1748. The main inspection house was
+built later on "the warehouse lot," an acre close to the southwest
+intersection of Falls and Water Streets (M Street and Wisconsin Avenue).
+He resided nearby at the site of 3206 M. Street. Later on, in 1745,
+George Gordon bought an estate for a permanent home; it is thought to
+have been near Holy Rood Cemetery or near the Industrial Home School on
+Wisconsin Avenue. After the death of his wife, George Gordon left his
+Rock Creek Plantation, and went to live at "Woodyard" with Stephen West.
+
+The will of George Gordon is dated May 10, 1766. At the time of his
+death he had a son, John, and a daughter, who had married Tobias Belt.
+To his son, John, "mariner," who was in the East India service, he
+devised the dwelling house at Rock Creek Plantation on Goose Creek and
+the waterside lot in Georgetown numbered 75.
+
+In those days tobacco was, of course, the big crop, and an English
+writer called it "the meat, drink, clothing, and money of the
+colonists." Regulations were very strict in regard to the exportation of
+tobacco.
+
+Inspection houses for tobacco such as that of George Gordon were also
+called Rolling Houses, from the fact that the hogsheads of tobacco had a
+hole bored in each head and an axle run through from one end to another.
+To this axle a shaft was attached, and drawn by a horse or an ox, so
+rolled along over the rough roads of that time to their destinations.
+Here was the one place in Frederick County for inspection; here was a
+natural site for a town, and so came the demand for one.
+
+On June 8, 1751 the Assembly of the Province of Maryland appointed
+commissioners to lay out a town here in the county of Frederick, which
+had been formed in 1748 from Prince Georges County. The first appointed
+were: Captain Henry Wright Crabb, Masters John Needham, James Perrie,
+Samuel Magruder III, Josiah Beall, David Lynn. Appointed as their
+successors from time to time as vacancies occurred, were: Andrew Heugh,
+1754; Robert Peter, 1757; John Murdock, 1766; Thomas Richardson, 1772;
+William Deakins, Jr., 1772; Bernard O'Neill, 1782; Thomas Beall, of
+George, 1782; Benj. Stoddert, Samuel Davidson, 1785; John Peter, 1789,
+and Adam Steuart. The last named gave up his American citizenship and
+went to Europe to live, as he was not in sympathy with the Revolution.
+His land was confiscated by the State of Maryland. The Surveyors and
+Clerks of the Commissioners were:
+
+    Alexander Beall, 1751-1757; Josiah Beall, 1757-1774; Robert
+    Ferguson, 1774, and Daniel Reintzel, 1774-1782.
+
+Meetings were held in private houses through all the years until 1789,
+when, at last, George Town was incorporated.
+
+To return to the year 1752, when the first survey of ground for the town
+was made, among the tracts surveyed were the following with their names:
+
+    Conjurer's Disappointment (Deakins)
+    Frogland (Thomas Beatty)
+    Knave's Disappointment (George Gordon)
+    Discovery (Robert Peter)
+    Resurvey on Salop (John Threlkeld)
+    Pretty Prospect (Benjamin Stoddert)
+    Beall's Levels and Rock of Dumbarton (George Beall)
+
+The survey was completed on February 28, 1752 and Beall's and Gordon's
+land found "most convenient." Each gentleman was offered two town lots
+besides the price of condemnation. George Gordon chose numbers 48 and
+52. George Beall had refused to recognize the proceedings of the
+commissioners in any way, so he was notified that "if he did not make
+his choice of lots within 10 days from February 28th, he could only
+blame himself for the consequences." After reflecting for a week he sent
+the following answer:
+
+    If I must part with my property by force, I had better save a
+    little than be totally demolished. Rather than none, I accept these
+    lots, numbers 72 and 79, said to be Mr. Henderson's and Mr.
+    Edmonston's. But I do hereby protest and declare that my acceptance
+    of the said lots, which is by force, shall not debar me from
+    future redress from the Commissions or others, if I can have the
+    rights of a British subject. God save the King.
+
+    GEORGE BEALL.
+
+    March 7, 1752.
+
+Can't you see how difficult it was for the old gentleman (he must then,
+by the records, have been about sixty years of age or more) to cooperate
+with the changes that were coming to ruin, as he thought, his
+comfortable and profitable plantation life?
+
+Two hundred and eighty pounds were paid for the sixty acres of the
+original town. The southern boundary was the river, the western about
+where the college now stands, the eastern a few feet west of the present
+30th Street, and the northern boundary was a few feet south of the
+present N Street. The only boundary stone still existing is the one that
+was No. 2 in the survey, the northeastern corner of the town, and is now
+in the garden of number 3014 N. Street. There were eighty lots in the
+original town.
+
+The name has been variously attributed to George II, the King then
+reigning; to the two Georges from whom the land was taken, and to George
+Washington, which last is, of course, absurd, as he was then a young man
+of twenty, engaged in surveying the properties of Lord Fairfax.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter II
+
+_The Original Town and Its People_
+
+
+George Town flourished and became more and more a busy port. Its
+population in 1800 was 2,993; by 1810 it was 4,948. Its wharves were
+thronged with vessels sailing across the seas laden with the "precious
+weed" and with wheat brought in from plantations for the "flouring
+mills" in great Conestoga wagons painted red and blue drawn by six-horse
+teams adorned with gay harness and jingling bells. Also, there was a
+thriving coastwise trade, up to old Salem and Newburyport where the
+clipper ships were built, and down to the West Indies. These ships
+brought back sugar, molasses, and rum, and from the old country came
+clothing, and furniture, and all sorts of luxuries, for the thriving
+merchants were building comfortable homes and furnishing them in
+elegance and taste.
+
+General Edward Braddock, after a brilliant military career under Prince
+William of Orange, in Holland, had been made a major-general and put in
+charge of troops in Virginia against the French. He landed his troops in
+Alexandria, marched them up to where the ferry crossed to George Town,
+where they divided, part going through Virginia, and he, with the
+remainder, crossing the Potomac to George Town from whence he continued
+on his fateful march to Fort Duquesne, where he met his terrible defeat
+and lost his life.
+
+He had come from Perthshire in old Scotland, so, of course, had received
+a warm welcome in this Scottish town. And thus he had written back to
+England to George Anne Bellamy, the gifted actress, in 1755: "For never
+have I attended a more complete banquet or met better dressed or better
+mannered people than I met on my arrival in George Town, which is named
+after our gracious Majesty." If only he had mentioned in whose house the
+banquet was or the names of some of these agreeable people he met!
+
+James Truslow Adams, in his fascinating book, _The Epic of America_,
+speaks over and over again of the culture of the pre-Revolutionary towns
+along the Atlantic seaboard, and what a high point it had reached. No
+better example could be found than this old town with its families who
+had come from well-to-do circumstances, not, as was the case with so
+many settlers of the new country, in order to escape trouble. They came
+mostly from Scotland; witness the names as time goes on. Indeed, to such
+an extent, that the little settlement had first of all been called New
+Scotland.
+
+One of the very first to establish himself in the business of exporting
+tobacco, was Robert Peter, who is often spoken of in old records as
+"George Town's pioneer business man," and also as "The merchant prince
+and land owner." As a young man of about twenty he had come from
+Crossbasket near Glasgow, first to Bladensburg and thence to George
+Town, and in 1752 established himself in business, and in 1790 became
+its first mayor. He represented the firm of John Glassford & Company of
+North Britain, Glasgow, well known both in England and in Scotland. So
+much of the tobacco trade flowed into the Scottish city that the wealthy
+merchants there who dealt in it were known as the "Virginia Dons," and
+to this day there is in the old port of Glasgow a Virginia Street.
+
+James Dunlop, a cousin of Robert Peter, also had come from his home
+Garnkirke, near Glasgow, first to New York, then to George Town about
+1783 and established himself in this same lucrative exporting business.
+He did a great deal of business in Dumfries, Virginia, near
+Fredericksburg.
+
+These old letters give a picture of the times:
+
+    George Town, December 15th, 1788.
+
+    Gentlemen:
+
+    Your favors of the 11th July duly received by Mr. Dunlop with the
+    black cloth, which I am afraid I shall soon have occasion for, my
+    old friend Mr. Heugh being now in a very dangerous way indeed, etc.
+
+    GEORGE WALKER.
+
+Andrew Heugh had been one of the Commissioners in the laying off of
+George Town. He owned one of the very first lots on the water front and
+High Street.
+
+Here is another one of these letters:
+
+    George Town, August 8, 1788.
+
+    Gentlemen:
+
+    The quantity of tobacco planted this year in the neighborhood of
+    this place is vastly larger than ever was known. John Campbell and
+    J. Dunlop are very backward in buying with all cash, but as Colonel
+    Deakins is again in cash the price still keeps at a guinea ... from
+    these causes I would not be forward in recommending speculation in
+    the weed, especially as those of good information are holding off.
+
+    GEORGE WALKER.
+
+No less a person than General Washington himself wrote in 1791 that
+George Town ranked as the greatest tobacco market in Maryland, if not in
+the Union.
+
+Duc de la Rochefoucault Liancourt, traveling in the United States in
+1795-'97, says that in 1791 tobacco exports from George Town were
+$314,864.00. They went even higher in 1792 and 1793, but in 1794 and the
+following years decreased considerably, which was attributed to two
+causes: a falling off in tobacco growing, and a diversion of the capital
+of the merchants to speculation in lots in the Federal City.
+
+A prominent firm in this same business of exporting tobacco was that of
+Forrest, Stoddert, and Murdock, formed in 1783. Uriah Forrest was born
+in St. Mary's County, Maryland, in 1756. He served with distinction in
+the Revolution, was wounded in the Battle of Germantown and lost a leg
+at the Battle of Brandywine.
+
+He was a delegate in the Continental Congress and served in the third
+Congress from March 4, 1793 to November 8, 1794, when he resigned. He
+was commissioned major-general in the Maryland Militia in 1795.
+
+After the war he went to London on business for the Government at his
+own expense, but returned to enter business with his old friend,
+Benjamin Stoddert.
+
+Born in Charles County, Maryland, in 1751, Stoddert was of Scottish
+ancestry, the son of Captain Thomas Stoddert who, while with the
+Maryland contingent, was killed in Braddock's defeat. Benjamin Stoddert
+had joined the Continental Army as a captain of cavalry and was in
+active service until the Battle of Brandywine where, after holding the
+rank of major, he was so severely wounded as to unfit him for active
+service. He had seriously considered settling in either Baltimore or
+Alexandria, urged by friends in each of these cities, but decided that
+George Town was a better venture.
+
+Colonel John Murdock was already living in George Town where his father,
+William Murdock, was in business.
+
+Francis Lowndes also had a large warehouse, and John Laird was
+prosperous in this business, and as time went on, meant a great deal to
+Georgetown. Colonel Deakins, Jr., was prominent, for on his tomb was
+inscribed: "George Town, by the blow, has lost her most illustrious
+patron." He was only fifty-six when he died in 1798. In his youth, he
+had done surveying with George Washington.
+
+Henry Threlkeld was born in Cumberland County, England, in 1716, came to
+America and bought an estate of 1,000 acres known as Berleith, bordering
+on the Potomac. It ran northward, and the present sites of Georgetown
+College and Convent are on part of this land. He seems to have continued
+to farm his estate, and died in 1781. His only child, John, became very
+prominent in all of the affairs of the town.
+
+Joseph Carlton, also in the tobacco business, who died in March, 1812,
+when only fifty-eight years old, had held the office of postmaster in
+1799.
+
+General James Maccubbin Lingan, a tobacco shipper, who was the first
+collector of the port ... "1790 and before," had had a very remarkable
+career in the Revolution.
+
+Colonel Charles Beatty owned a ferry which did a thriving business
+between the Virginia shore and the foot of Frederick Street at Water
+Street.
+
+Ebenezer Dodge had come from Salem, Massachusetts, and built up a
+successful coastwise trade with the East Indies, his younger brother,
+Francis, coming in 1798, of whom I shall have a great deal to say in
+another chapter.
+
+Peter Casanave was much in evidence in business deals.
+
+John M. Gannt was a prominent merchant; also, William King, whose name
+is still known in business here.
+
+Among the lawyers were Philip Barton Key and Joseph Earle.
+
+Doctor Magruder is spoken of over and over again. He seems to have been
+"the doctor" at that time. Doctor Weems also had a good practice.
+
+From _The Virginia Gazette_ of January 14, 1775, is taken this note in
+regard to a project much in the minds of the business men of George Town
+at that time:
+
+    At a meeting of the Trustees for opening the navigation of the
+    Potomack River held in George Town December 1, 1774, Thomas
+    Johnson, Jr., Attorney at Law, Wm. Deakins, Adam Steuart, Thomas
+    Johns, Thomas Richardson, merchants of George Town, appointed to
+    hire slaves for cutting canals around the Falls of the River, etc.
+
+Of course, George Town, like every other town in the country at that
+time, was peopled largely by negroes. Some owners hired out the ones
+they themselves did not need, either for work of this kind or for
+domestic service. A delightful story is told of how one of the
+shipowners sent a "likely" young negress back to Scotland on one of his
+vessels, as a present to his mother. Many weeks later when the vessel
+returned, on it was Chloe with a note thanking "my dear son" for his
+gift, but saying, "I have had her scrubbed and scrubbed, but as it is
+impossible to remove the dirt and stain, I am returning her."
+
+In 1788 Thomas Corcoran, who that year came to George Town from
+Baltimore, intended to go on to Richmond, but instead stayed and
+established a business in leather, says: "There were then in harbor ten
+square-rigged vessels, two of them being ships and a small brig from
+Amsterdam taking in tobacco from a warehouse on Rock Creek." The mouth
+of the creek at that time was a bay, wide and deep, and as late as 1751
+the tide ebbed and flowed as far up as the present P Street bridge.
+
+Near there stood the paper mill built about 1800 by Gustavus Scott and
+Nicholas Lingan, and described in an old advertisement as being 120 feet
+long, three stories high, the first story built of stone. Just beyond
+was Parrott's Mill, called the George Town Wool and Cotton Manufactory.
+Parrott also had a Rope Walk on the northern outskirts of the Town. A
+little farther north of Parrott's Mill at the bend of Rock Creek was
+Lyon's Mill, said to have been built in 1780.
+
+Naturally all through these years during and after the Revolution there
+was a great deal of unrest, and trade was much affected.
+
+The following is a copy of an authentic letter from the celebrated Dr.
+Franklin to a friend in England on the subject of the first campaign
+made by the British forces in America and, although not written from
+Georgetown, it shows the state of mind of many people.
+
+    Dear Sir. I am to set out tomorrow for the camp and having heard of
+    this opportunity can only write a line to say that I am well and
+    hardy.
+
+    Tell our good friend--who sometimes has his doubts and despondencies
+    about our firmness that America is determined and unanimous, a very
+    few tories and place men excepted, who will probably soon export
+    themselves.
+
+    Britain, at the expense of 3 millions has killed 150 yankees this
+    campaign which is 20,000 pounds a head, and at Bunker's Hill she
+    gained one mile of ground, half of which she lost again by our
+    taking post on plowed hill. During the same time 60,000 children had
+    been born in America.
+
+Also this letter, which James Dunlop received in New York shortly before
+coming to Georgetown, gives, I think, a very vivid picture of both
+political and economic thinking of the time:
+
+    Glasgow
+
+    January 31, 1783
+
+    Mr. James Dunlop, Merchant, New York, c/o the Pacquet.
+
+    Dear Sir:
+
+    This comes by the pacquet which will bring you the Preliminary
+    Articles of Peace which were signed at Paris on 20th and we had the
+    account here on the 27th at 8 in the morning which was very quick.
+    We have not yet seen the Articles, but we have reason to believe
+    upon the whole it is as reasonable as could well be expected unless
+    we had made another campaign in the West Indies with the Troops from
+    America and our present great superiority at sea. We had reason to
+    expect everything would have gone to our liking, and considering the
+    great quantity of West Indies and American produce now on hand
+    perhaps you will think we, as well as our neighbours, would had no
+    objections to another Campaign.
+
+    I have seen all your late letters, am sensible the news of Peace
+    after the purchase you have lately made, will give you much
+    uneasiness but the company are sensible you did it with a good
+    intention and except the idea of peace, your reasons for the
+    purchase were very good, however we thought that General Carletons
+    declaration to you that Negotiations for Peace were open and that in
+    the first place Britain declared the Independence of America, would
+    have alarmed you or at least prevented you from exceeding the
+    Company's limits so very much especially for so large a quantity. I
+    suppose what made you so very sanguine that we should have another
+    Campaign was the Rockingham party going out and Lord Shelbourne
+    coming and on his first appearance declaring against American
+    indenpendence, which speech deceived many here as well as with you. I
+    am happy to inform you the Ruby arrived four days ago which brought
+    us the 100 Hhds Tobacco without a farthing of Insurance which is
+    very luckie and will help to make the loss on the tobacco fall
+    season. We have not yet heard any account of the Favorite. We have
+    done 16 on the Tobacco on her and don't intend to do any more.
+
+    If this Tobacco turned out good in quality and no great quantity
+    comes home for six months I still flatter myself there will be no
+    great loss upon the Sales. There has been no sale of any kind these
+    five weeks past nor will not be till some time after we see the
+    Articles of Peace which we now expect in three or four days, as they
+    were to be laid before Parliment two days ago. I suppose in a short
+    time after the receipt of this you will be going to visit our old
+    friends in Virginia. It is very probable I may have the pleasure of
+    seeing you there in a few months and as America has gotten her
+    wishes I hope she will once more be a happy Country and we shall
+    enjoy the blessings of Peace with our old Acquaintance and Brethern
+    and I hope it will cement the friendship between the Mother and the
+    Daughter to the mutual advantage of both Countrys.
+
+    I had the pleasure of seeing your Sisters all week--several nights
+    at Mr. William Dunlop's.
+
+    Wishing you all the happiness and with compliments to all
+    acquaintance I am, Dear Sir,
+
+    Your most humble servant
+
+    JAMES ANDERSON
+
+Also in a letter from a young British Officer (also a Scotsman) who was
+a military prisoner in a camp at Lancaster, Pennsylvania who was trying
+to get to Petersburg, Virginia to see his father who was there on
+business from Glasgow, there is this addition.
+
+    P.S. I have this moment received a letter from Phila. informing me
+    of a passport being procured for my going to Virginia. I shall set
+    off immediately. Adieu.
+
+Can't you picture his excitement after many trials to at last get in
+touch with his father!
+
+On March 18, 1783 Archibald Govan sends two letters enclosed to a friend
+in New York to forward to Virginia "by the safest, spediest conveyance.
+There is probally now a post direct from New York through the
+Continent."
+
+In these days ships approached George Town by way of the Western
+Channel, as it was called, on the far side of Analostan Island, where
+the depth of the water was from twenty-seven to thirty-three feet--deep
+enough to admit the passage of an "Indiaman."
+
+George Washington Parke Custis, the owner of Arlington, was much
+disturbed when a causeway was built across from the island to the
+Virginia shore, and prophesied the filling of the channel and the end of
+George Town as a port.
+
+So up the creek to these mills for their produce, and up the great river
+to its wharves, piled high with hogsheads of tobacco came these ships
+and many more of which we have not the names:
+
+The _Potomack Planter_, Captain James Buchanan, for London.
+
+The brig _Brothers_.
+
+The schooner _Betsey_, bringing rum, coffee, and chocolate.
+
+The ships _Ritson_ and _Felicity_.
+
+The sloops, _Lydia_ and _Betsey_, plying between George Town and New
+York. These ships from the North were laden with whale oil to be used
+for the lamps which, in 1810, were placed on the streets to "enable the
+citizens to go safely to and from evening service."
+
+The _Columbia_ from Martinique, and the ship _Lydia_, Lemuel Toby,
+master, for London, which on September 6, 1792 had this advertisement
+in _The George Town Weekly Ledger_:
+
+    Will sail in twelve or fifteen days: such as may be desirous of
+    taking passage in said ship may depend on being genteelly
+    accommodated. For further particulars apply to Col. Wm. Deakins, or
+    the Captain on Board.
+
+Out beyond the northern limits of the Town, just opposite where Mount
+Alto Hospital now stands, high on a hill which has been dug away, stood
+in those days a tremendous oak tree which was used by the pilots coming
+up the river to guide them on their way. For a hundred years it stood,
+known as Sailors' Oak, but like so many other things, has had to go in
+the interest of Progress.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter III
+
+_The Taverns, Shops, and Schools_
+
+
+With ships arriving and departing and the land travel passing from North
+to South and back again, besides the country gentlemen coming to town to
+sell their crops and tend to other business, there was need for many
+taverns, and plenty of them there were in George Town.
+
+According to Mr. O. W. Holmes of the National Archives who has recently
+written a fine article on the Colonial Taverns of Georgetown for the
+Columbia Historical Society, which he read before the Society on January
+16, 1951, the earliest tavern of which there is record was kept by
+Joseph Belt who was granted a license by the newly created Frederick
+County Court in August, 1751 "to keep a Public House of Entertainment at
+the Mouth of Rock Creek."
+
+Previously Thomas Odell had petitioned for such a "Lyssance" in 1747 to
+Prince George's County for one year--but we hear no more of him so are
+not certain that he continued in business. But Joseph Belt did and in
+the _Maryland Gazette_ (Annapolis) for March 19, 1752, is this
+announcement:
+
+    Notice is hereby given that the Land appointed by Act of Assembly to
+    be laid out into a town, by the name of Georgetown, adjacent to the
+    warehouse at the Mouth of Rock Creek, in Frederick County, is
+    accordingly laid out, and the lots will be sold the 4th Monday in
+    March, being the 23 of the month at the House of Joseph Belt, living
+    in the said Town in ten of the Clock before noon.
+
+    Per order of the Commissioner
+    Alexander Beall, Cl.
+
+In 1760 Mr. Belt bought two of the most desirable lots in town at the
+southeast corner of Water Street (Wisconsin Ave.) and Bridge (M) and
+apparently built on the southernmost one of them a tavern where real
+estate sales took place frequently--and again in the _Maryland Gazette_
+for September 19, 1771, is this insertion:
+
+    Frederick County, Sept. 8, 1771
+
+    The Subscriber continues to keep a House of Entertainment in George
+    Town, at the Kings Arms, and as he is provided with Good
+    Entertainment, Stabling, and Provender for Horses, would be obliged
+    to all Gentlemen travelling and others for their customs and they
+    may depend on kind usage, by their Most Humble Servant,
+
+    JOSEPH BELT
+
+So it is quite possible that it was still here and that General
+Braddock's soldiers attracted by the name and sign stopped to slake
+their thirst before continuing their long march to the West.
+
+This Joseph Belt appears to have been the nephew of Col. Joseph Belt,
+the original patentee of Chevy Chase. He was a highly respectable man
+and well thought of.
+
+Another tavern of that period was kept by John Orme who in his petition
+for a license promised as did others of that period "to keep Tavern in
+George Town, to keep good Rules and Orders and not suffer the loose and
+disorderly persons to Tipple, Game, or Commit other disorders or
+irregularities within his aforesaid House."
+
+In the _Maryland Gazette_ in September in 1760 is a notice of horse
+races to be held at George Town, the horses "to be Entered the Day
+before Running, with Messrs. Joseph Belt and John Orme in George Town."
+
+The same notice again in 1761. I wonder where the races took place. John
+Orme was the son of the Rev. John Orme, a Presbyterian minister who
+served as pastor at Upper Marlboro from 1720 until he died in 1758.
+
+His tavern was apparently on the northeast corner of the present M
+Street and Wisconsin Avenue, where the Farmers and Mechanics Branch of
+Riggs Bank now stands.
+
+In the _Maryland Gazette_ of September 29, 1768, Thomas Belt offers for
+sale "At the house of Mr. John Orme, in George Town ... part of a Tract
+of Land, called Chevy Chace, containing 200 and 300 acres about 5 miles
+from said Town."
+
+After the death of John Orme in 1772 his widow inserted a notice in the
+paper--and added, "N. B. The Executrix will continue to keep Tavern for
+ready money only. Lucy Orme."
+
+But they were not left in straightened circumstances, and the three Orme
+daughters married very well.
+
+There is mention of a Cornelius Davies and also of John Wise keeping
+tavern for short periods. This may have been the same John Wise who
+later opened a tavern in Alexandria which became the well-known Gadsby's
+Tavern.
+
+Also there was Christian Boncer, during the Revolution who like John
+Orme, before him, was likewise running a ferry over the Potomac.
+
+And then in October, 1779, John Beall is referred to as occupying the
+home where Joseph Belt formerly kept tavern.
+
+In November 1782, Mr. Beall announced that he was moving "into the large
+Stone House near the Square, the best calculated house in town for
+entertaining Gentlemen, Travellers, and Others."
+
+And then Mr. Ignatius Simpson moved into the "House formerly occupied by
+Mr. John Beall," and the next year, 1783, the Commissioners record
+meeting at the "House of Mr. Ignatius Simpson." And in 1784 Mr. Simpson
+had no license issued and the Commissioners met "at the House of Mr.
+John Suter." It would seem that this same house had been a tavern ever
+since Joseph Belt built a house there.
+
+From then on Suter's Tavern became the best-known meeting place in town
+and even the birthplace of the District of Columbia for there was signed
+the agreement with the proprietors of the land for the Federal City.
+
+Christian Hines says in his little book _Early Recollections of
+Washington_ that Suter's Tavern was a one-story frame and stood on High
+Street, between Bridge and Water Streets, a little east of the canal
+bridge. Christian Hines as a youth of fifteen was an apprentice living
+with the Green family just across the street from this building, and
+although he wrote his Recollections when he was an old man, it is a
+well-known fact that old people remember happenings of their youth
+better than those of last month or last week.
+
+It was a rather small building, a story and a half high, according to an
+old print, and had a large Inn Yard at the side and back for the
+accommodation of the coaches, wagons and steeds of its patrons.
+
+John Suter was a Scotsman who had been living out in Montgomery County
+but apparently from 1784 until his death in 1794 his tavern was a very
+busy place. Here it was that General Washington stayed when he was
+passing through.
+
+This notice shows John Suter's standing in the community:
+
+    Georgetown, August 21, 1790
+
+    All persons having claims against the Estate of John Cornne,
+    deceased, are desired to bring them in legally attested. Those
+    indebted to make speedy payment to
+
+    John Suter, Administrator
+
+From the _Times and Potowmack Packet_:
+
+    Meeting at Mr. Suter's Tavern in George Town, 14 December, 1790, for
+    erecting a New Warehouse contiguous to the Old Inspection on Col.
+    Normand Bruce's property in George Town.
+
+    Edward Burgess
+    Bernard O'Neill
+
+    For Sale. On Monday the 3d of January next will be offered for sale
+    at the House of Mr. John Suter in George Town that Lot or _Acre of
+    Ground_ whereon the _Old_ Warehouse formerly stood.... A good title
+    will be given agreeably to the last Will and Testament of Thomas
+    Hamilton deceased of Prince Georges County.
+
+    December 11, 1790              Andrew Hamilton
+
+Then there is this little item from the same paper:
+
+    The subscriber has for sale, by the Box, a small supply of fresh
+    Lisbon LEMONS, imported in the Potomack Planter.
+
+    Capt. James Buchanan
+    George Town Sept. 7, 1790      John Suter
+
+Fresh fruit was evidently an event.
+
+After Mr. John Suter's death, his son John Suter, Jr., took over the
+tavern and ran it until he moved to the Union Tavern.
+
+It had been built in 1796 at a cost of $16,000, according to a newspaper
+of the day advertising it for sale: "It is a handsome substantial brick
+building of three stories, fronting 60 ft. on the most public street in
+town (Bridge Street), and running back 63 ft. on a wide and commodious
+street (Washington). The house is admirably calculated for a tavern."
+The advertisement tells the number and size of the rooms, cellars,
+passages and cross passages, and ends thus: "There are stables
+sufficient for the accommodation of 50 horses with commodious sheds for
+carriages ... and not twenty yards from the kitchen is a copious and
+never failing spring of most excellent running water." The main building
+differed but little from others, but north of this and running north
+upon Washington Street to the next street, was a wing, one or two
+stories high, and one room deep, the doors opening into a covered
+corridor supported by brick arches, beyond which was a large courtyard
+paved with stone. The rooms along this corridor were occupied entirely
+by gentlemen, many being planters from the lower river counties of
+Virginia and Maryland. They came up on the old _Salem_, which made
+weekly trips and stopped at all the river landings. On the opposite side
+of the courtyard was a large building in which was a fine ballroom known
+as Pompean Hall. This room must have been used for the following event:
+
+    Birthnight Ball. The Ladies and Gentlemen of George Town and its
+    vicinity are informed that there will be a Ball at the Union Tavern
+    on Friday the 22nd instant (Feb. 22, 1799), in honor of
+    Lieutenant-General George Washington. At request of the Managers.
+    John Suter, Jr.
+
+In addition to this very historic ball, the George Town Assemblies used
+to be held here. Mrs. William Thornton has recorded in her diary that on
+Monday, January 1st, 1810:
+
+    A very crowded assembly at the presidents. We staid about two hours.
+    President and Lady went to Georgetown Assembly. Chariot broke at
+    night.
+
+These august guests at the assembly were, of course, James Madison and
+the charming Dolly.
+
+When Mr. Suter opened the Union Tavern in March, 1799, Francis Kearns
+put this notice in the paper:
+
+    Sign of the Ship. The subscriber begs leave to inform his friends
+    and the public that he has rented the tavern formerly occupied by
+    Mr. Suter, called The Fountain Inn, where he has all kinds of
+    liquors accounted necessary for travellers. Add to this a well of
+    water not to be surpassed in Town. I am determined to spare no pains
+    to render this situation agreeable and flatter myself from a desire
+    to please that I shall meet with encouragement. I also will
+    accomodate 6 or 8 gentlemen boarders on reasonable terms. A livery
+    stable will be kept for a few horses.
+
+    June 31, 1800   Francis Kearns
+
+Francis Kearns having taken over the Union Tavern from John Suter, Jr.
+
+Again, in 1802 this building changed hands, for in _The Washington
+Federalist_ is the announcement of reopening, and assurance of best
+liquors, and begins: "Anchor Tavern and Oyster House (late the Fountain
+Inn), George Pitt, Proprietor of former Eagle Tavern."
+
+Then there was the City Tavern, kept by Charles McLaughlin. Benjamin
+Lacy rented two brick houses from Charles Beatty on Water Street and
+called his The Sailors' Tavern. John Tennally had a tavern (from him
+came the name of Tennally Town). Joseph Semmes's Tavern at the Sign of
+the Indian King, was very well known. It seems to have moved several
+times. In advertisements for houses for rent or for sale, they seemed
+always to be next door to or across the street from Semmes's Tavern or
+Dr. Magruder's.
+
+From _The Museum_, January 1, 1802:
+
+    The Subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the public that
+    he has removed from his late dwelling in the main street to that
+    large and commodious three story new BRICK BUILDING, Sign of the
+    Indian King, adjoining the Bank of Columbia, which he has fitted up
+    at considerable expense for the accomodation of travellers. He
+    embraces this opportunity of returning his grateful thanks to those
+    gentlemen who have heretofore favored him with their custom and
+    hopes by a faithful discharge of his duty to merit the countenance
+    and support of the public.
+
+    George Town,    Joseph Semmes
+
+_The Museum_, 28th of January, 1802:
+
+    To be sold at Union Tavern, The BRICK HOUSE formerly occupied as a
+    Tavern by Mr. Semmes.
+
+    Philip Barton Key
+    William Thornton
+
+Do you suppose that Mr. Semmes had his tavern in this place for only one
+month?
+
+Jane White advertises that she intends to continue her "house of
+entertainment" (Mrs. White's Tavern) on a more enlarged plan, asks for
+settlement of debts. Nov. 27, 1790.
+
+George Stevens announces he has removed to the place lately occupied by
+Mr. William King, Merchant, of this place (the house where Col. William
+Deakins has lived for many years past).
+
+There are still, to this day, William Kings in business in Georgetown.
+
+Mr. George Stevens also advertises:
+
+    Any gentleman wanting to buy Ginseng may by giving a few days notice
+    find a supply from said Stevens from One to Five Thousand weight.
+
+And this from the _Times and Potowmack Packet_, April 21, 1790:
+
+    Charles Fierer & Co.
+
+    Gentlemen may have their Coats of Arms or other devices cut on Glass
+    and fancy pieces executed by sending their orders.
+
+Also these items:
+
+    Doctors Beatty and Martin have just received from Philadelphia and
+    Baltimore: Opium, Mercury, Jolap, Ipecacoanha, Nitre, Glanker Salts,
+    Gum Kino, Columbo root, assorted vials, carts, etc. Red and other
+    Bark.
+
+    Dr. Magruder has lately received an elegant supply of most
+    fashionable paper hangings--and his usual Assortment of Drugs and
+    Medicines.
+
+He catered to various tastes of his patrons:
+
+    Dr. Cozens has just opened a general assortment of Drugs and
+    Medicines in the house formerly occupied by Mr. Andrew McDonald in
+    Water Street, opposite to Mr. James King's Wharf, which he means to
+    sell at a moderate price. He likewise offers his services to the
+    public as a practitioner of physic, surgery and midwifery. Mrs.
+    Cozens also informs the ladies that she practices Midwifery and from
+    her experience and universal success she flatters herself she shall
+    give satisfaction to all those who favor her with their commands.
+
+    Mr. Gardette, Dentist, respectfully informs the public that he is
+    arrived in George Town, where he proposes staying two weeks or
+    thereabouts. He has taken lodgings at Mr. Semmes' Tavern.
+
+Another poor soul who was in trouble inserted this advertisement:
+
+    It is terrible to my feelings, but I am compelled to give notice
+    that I intend petitioning the next General Assembly for an act of
+    Insolvency in my favor.
+
+A few months later he advertised thus:
+
+    Having taken the house in this place lately occupied by Mr. James
+    Clagett, between the College and the River, a pleasant and healthy
+    situation, I will take four or five boys as boarders at the usual
+    rates, paid quarterly.
+
+So let us hope he got "on his feet" again.
+
+John Stevens, merchant, advertised himself thusly:
+
+   My weights are good, my measures just,
+   My friends I am too poor to trust.     July 15, 1780.
+
+Apparently they had plenty of newspapers. In 1789 _The Times and
+Potowmack Packet_; in 1790 _The Weekly Ledger_ (an appropriate name for
+this town of counting houses); in 1796 _The Sentinel of Liberty_, a more
+high-flown name; in 1801, _The Museum_, and a great many more as time
+went on.
+
+The first bank was the old Bank of Columbia, organized in 1793. Then,
+there was the Union Bank. I have seen a great many of its checks,
+smaller than the ones of today and very simply printed.
+
+Business notes in those days were written on any scrap of paper,
+apparently. Many that I have seen had torn edges, but always the writing
+was regular and even, if sometimes hard to read. Very often it looked
+like copperplate engraving. The English pound was used as late as 1796.
+
+Plenty of schools there seem to have been. One famous man (he was
+William Wirt, the author of _The British Spy_ and Attorney-General of
+the United States for twelve years under James Monroe and John Quincy
+Adams) was sent to George Town for his early training, and has written
+thus: "In 1779 I was sent to George Town, eight miles from Bladensburg
+to school, a classical academy kept by Mr. Rogers. I was placed at
+boarding with the family of Mr. Schoofield, a member of the Society of
+Friends.... I passed one winter in George Town and remember seeing a
+long line of wagons cross the river on the ice, attached to troops going
+South."
+
+Thomas Kirk, an Irish gentleman, kept a school first on Washington
+(30th) Street, later at High (Wisconsin Avenue) and Cherry Streets.
+Reverend Addison Belt, of Princeton, had a school on Gay (N) Street,
+between Congress (31st) and Washington (30th) Streets. Christian Hines
+says: "In 1798 I went to school to a man named Richmond who kept school
+in a small brick house attached to the house of Reverend David Wiley,
+graduate of Nassau Hall, who had come in 1802 from Northumberland on the
+Susquehanna. He was a better mathematical than classical teacher. He was
+mayor, librarian, merchant, teacher, preacher and keeper of the post
+office at the same time."
+
+Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Wiley advertised their "Boarding School for Young
+Ladies at George Town in the Vicinity of Washington." In the same year
+E. Phillips had "A School for Young Ladies on the north side of Bridge
+Street, nearly opposite the Printing Office." There were several
+teachers of French who advertised in the paper; Monsieur A. L.
+Jancerez, Monsieur Caille, "a French gentleman wishes to teach drawing,
+etc." To supply all these schools was "John March, Stationer and
+Bookseller, next door to Mr. Semmes's Tavern."
+
+And you see they could buy pretty baubles and delectable foods, for
+Dinsmore and Francis advertise their "New Grocery, Wine and Liquor
+Store, nearly opposite Burnet and Rigden's, Watchmakers and Jewelers."
+Another well-known merchant said his new line of spring clothing had
+just arrived. And John Dabney "had received and had for sale at his
+cabinet and chair factory a large quantity of Windsor chairs." West
+along Bridge Street, before 1790, William Eaton had "mahogany ware,
+chairs and tables, beds, etc., finished and unfinished." Another
+cabinet-maker was Mr. Schultz. James Welsh, cabinet-maker from London,
+opened a shop in 1790 and advertised for an apprentice. And there was a
+well-known silversmith, for S. Kirk and Sons, of Baltimore, have
+identified a tea service as having been made by Charles C. Burnett, who
+worked as early as 1793. Another silversmith who had a shop on Bridge
+(M) Street in 1833 was R. H. L. Villard.
+
+    Glass Store. The subscribers have opened and have for sale at their
+    house next door to Captain Richard Johns a complete assortment of
+    Window and Hollow Glass Ware, manufactured in this State and equal
+    in quality and cheaper than that imported from Europe.
+
+    Charles Frierer and Co., 1790
+
+Thomas Beatty and Company called their store "The Sign of the Golden
+Fan."
+
+    Manufactory of Tobacco. Henry Brand & Co. Respectfully inform the
+    Public that they have removed from New York to this Town.
+
+    George Town Academy. Madame de la Marche has for sale waters for
+    sore eyes and various salves.
+
+There were public pumps here and there for common use, but many
+householders had springs or cisterns.
+
+In 1803 the first fire engine was purchased. Every house owner was
+obliged to have as many leather fire buckets kept in the house as there
+were stories to his home, to contain not less than two and a half
+gallons of water each. The little oval metal placques one sees now and
+then affixed to houses in Georgetown were, in those days, put only on
+the houses of the members of the volunteer companies to denote that
+"here lives a fireman." Later, in 1817, _The Vigilant_, a new fire
+engine, was bought. Its house is still on High Street, just below
+Bridge. Set in the wall down near the pavement is a stone with this
+inscription:
+
+         BUSH
+    THE OLD FIRE DOG
+     DIED OF POISON
+     JULY 5TH, 1869
+        R. I. P.
+
+Someone who remembers him tells me that he was a collie, and that he
+went to every fire along with the engine. I think the men whose
+companion he was, and who evidently loved him when they inscribed the
+"R. I. P.," must have believed, as I do, that like the Jim in the poem
+of that name by Nancy Byrd Turner, he would meet them joyously "on the
+other side."
+
+Of course, the fire engines in those days--1817, I mean--were drawn by
+hand, and the old bucket-passing system was in vogue.
+
+Farther uptown, on the corner of Gay and Market Streets, was the home
+of The Potomac Fire Engine Company. There was great jealousy between the
+two. While the fire was raging, both worked together beautifully, but as
+soon as it was over, there was usually a fight.
+
+South of the canal on High Street stood the Debtors' Prison. This was
+the only prison in the lower part of Montgomery County, although the
+county court was held at Rockville, and there the cases were tried. At
+one time the town clerk of George Town got tangled up in his money
+matters and was placed in this prison where he languished until his
+friends made good his debts. A report was made to the Town Council that
+he could not perform his duties because he was in jail! Nothing now
+remains but a part of the old stone wall.
+
+Here is a description of some of the houses offered for sale:
+
+    Together or separate, 2 handsome dwelling houses, situated in George
+    Town on Potomack, they contain 5 rooms with fire place, four bed
+    chambers, two closets, and have two handsome piazzas. A kitchen near
+    the house, a bake house, two rooms for domestics, a stable, coach
+    house, a beautiful (falling) garden, ornamented with terraces, well
+    grassed, a large fish pond, a well and a spring of water, 150 young
+    fruit trees, the whole finished and done in the neatest manner under
+    a handsome and excellent enclosure containing three lots and a half,
+    extending 170 ft. on Fayette Street and 192 on Third Street. Apply
+    to John Threlkeld.
+
+Here is one of the business places advertised:
+
+    The warehouse and wharf on Water Street, lately occupied by the
+    Naval Agent (this was in 1802). There are four floors in this house,
+    with a room on the second and third with a fire place in each, one
+    intended for a compting room and the other for a lodging room.
+
+    W. S. Chandler.
+
+Evidently a clerk had to sleep on the premises as guard.
+
+There were architects and builders to put up these fine and commodious
+houses, for these advertisements appear:
+
+    William Lovering, Architect and General Builder--Begs leave to
+    inform his friends and the public, that he has removed from the City
+    of Washington to Gay Street, the next street above the Union Tavern
+    in George Town, where he palns to estimate all manner of buildings,
+    either with materials and labor, or labor only. Specimens of
+    buildings suitable for the obtuse or acute angles of the streets in
+    the City of Washington may be seen at his home. May 1, 1800.
+
+    Henry Carlile, Architect, Carpenter and Joiner. Respectfully informs
+    his friends and the Public in general, that he proposes to undertake
+    all kinds of buildings, as formerly he hath done in Europe and this
+    country; on the lowest terms, with or without material, as he has
+    learned the theory under the first architects in Europe, also
+    practice in first buildings there, and hath finished elegant
+    buildings in Europe, with and without materials, and in this country
+    hath always had the good fortune of having the patronage and
+    friendship of his employees, and hopes by attention to please and to
+    execute, that he will meet with the encouragement of a generous
+    public. He also begs leave to return his sincere thanks to his
+    worthy employers in this Town and Country, for the encouragement he
+    hath met with since coming to this Town, and assures them nothing
+    shall be wanting on his part to merit a continuance of their favors.
+
+    George Town, September 8, 1790.
+
+    Wm. Pancost--Architect and Carpenter, can by the asistance of David
+    Willers, pump maker, late from Philadelphia, serve the public by
+    supplying them with pumps, cove logs or girders, for any purpose on
+    the shortest notice.
+
+    George Town, near the Lower Ware Houses, Jan. 29, 1799.
+
+Then in 1800, James Hoban, who was the architect and builder of the
+President's House, put this in a paper:
+
+    $2.00 per day will be given for good carpenters and joiners, at the
+    President's House and in proportion for those less skilful, to be
+    paid daily or weekly, as may be required.
+
+Imagine! Now when the White House is being rebuilt hiring "good
+carpenters and joiners for $2.00 per day!"
+
+
+
+
+Chapter IV
+
+_The Streets of George Town and Some of the Happenings_
+
+
+The houses had no numbers, but the streets had descriptive names. Along
+the river, Wapping, changing to The Keys and East to West Landing where
+all the busy loading and unloading of vessels took place. Just above
+there running west off Water Street for a short distance was Cherry Lane
+(now Grace Street). What a pretty name! Once a fashionable neighborhood,
+later on a slum.
+
+Running north and south there was first Fishing Lane which became East
+Lane and finally settled down to Congress Street and is now
+Twenty-first.
+
+Then the Main Street up from the ferry, called Water Street until it got
+to Bridge running east and west where was the Square, also called the
+Center of the Town. Then Water Street became High and Bridge continued
+on its way as the Falls Street--both names typical, as one was climbing
+a hill and the other was the road to The Little Falls. Duck Lane became
+Market (33rd) Street; Bridge (M) Street; Frederick (34th) Street, for it
+was the road out to Frederick Town, forty miles away; Potomac Street,
+for the river; Fayette Street, certainly named in honor of the Marquis,
+but in that age of young democracy, de la was dropped from de la
+Fayette. Then there was Montgomery (28th) Street, Greene (29th) Street,
+and Washington (30th) Street, all named for Generals of the Revolution.
+Running the other way were Gay, Dunbarton, Beall, West, Stoddert, this,
+for a long time was known as Back Street. West of High Street (Wisconsin
+Avenue) the streets became First, Second, Third, etc. Twenty-seventh
+Street, after being New Street for one block and Mill Street for
+another, finally was named for President Monroe. Madison had a street
+named for him too, but it was so far out, about 9th, in the far western
+corner, that it never amounted to much.
+
+But the street that intrigues me most is Gay. There were two of them for
+a while, the one that is now N, and another, way up near the college,
+which was renamed in honor of General Lingan, after his tragic death.
+Who was Gay Street named for? It wasn't a local celebrity, for Baltimore
+also had a Gay Street, still has, way down in its old section. There was
+somebody the people of that generation admired and wished to
+commemorate.
+
+Could it possibly have been the English poet, John Gay, (1685-1732)
+whose best known piece "The Beggar's Opera" was said to have made "The
+Rich gay and Gay rich"? He was buried in Westminster Abbey. His epitaph
+was by Alexander Pope, followed by Gay's own mocking couplet, "Life is a
+jest, and all things show it. I thought so once and now I know it."
+
+The Beggar's Opera for a time drove Italian Opera off the English stage
+(1728) by its caricature of Sir Robert Walpole, Prime Minister of George
+II. These people were British subjects, you know, when these streets
+were named.
+
+Somewhere in these quaint little streets in the early days before 1800,
+in one of these little brick houses, two stories with dormer windows,
+which the architects nowadays call the George Town Type, lived a couple
+named McDonald who had marital difficulties, for in an old newspaper is
+this advertisement:
+
+    Whereas my wife, Mary McDonald, has left me without any just cause
+    or impediment. She is about fifty years of age, lame in her right
+    leg and snivels a little. It is supposed she went off with one
+    Robert Joiner, an ill-looking fellow. If she returns to the arms of
+    her disconsolate husband, she shall be received and no questions
+    asked.
+
+There was another advertisement:
+
+    Alexander McDonald, taylor, removed from Bridge Street to High
+    Street, two or three gentlemen can be accomodated with board and
+    lodging.
+
+I wonder if Robert Joiner, with whom Mary eloped, was one of those two
+or three gentlemen, and what fascination she had that was strong enough
+to overcome all those physical disabilities her "disconsolate husband"
+enumerated!
+
+A man in Boston wanted a wife, and had his advertisement copied from
+_The Boston Sentinel_ into a George Town newspaper:
+
+    Wanted--A wife: Enquire of the Printer. April 23, 1801. Be pleased
+    to inform applicants, that the advertiser wishes the lady to be
+    neither too old nor too young. Taking 25 for a central point, she
+    must not be more than 7 years distant either way. If of a sulky or
+    fretful disposition; if sluttish, lazy, proud, ostentatious or
+    deceitful, or of an ill state of health, she must have a pretty
+    large share of property to recommend her. If on the contrary, she be
+    of a cheerful, contented temper; of affable manners and benevolent
+    to the poor; if in the habit of being attentive to her household
+    when business commands attention, and gay and careless when pleasure
+    is the pursuit; and of sound health and good constitution (for such
+    only can produce strong and vigorous children), she need not
+    possess a cent. If well-read, so much the better, provided she is
+    not too fond of her book to neglect overseeing her affairs and
+    suffering the hole in her stocking to go unmended. She must not be a
+    pedant or a scold but must know enough of books to distinguish
+    between a volume of history and a novel; and have sufficient spirit
+    to prevent being imposed upon. Communication addressed to A. B. and
+    left at the composing room, if originating in honorable intentions
+    will be attended to with secrecy, honor and punctuality, and should
+    the interview succeed, the advertiser will faithfully describe his
+    situation and prospects.
+
+Was this paragon discovered in old George Town and taken to Boston for
+keeps? No one knows.
+
+But this might easily have been so, as witness these advertisements of
+the plays being shown in George Town in 1790, for on July 21 this
+appears: "The Theatre of this Town was opened by Mr. McGrath's Company
+of Comedians, with the celebrated comedy The Miser. This Company is by
+far the best that ever visited this town." Then on August 12 there was
+"The Beggars Opera and A Comedy of two acts, Barnaby Brittle or a Wife
+at her Wits End. Also in August Mr. McGrath's Company of Comedians gave
+The Tragedy of Douglas and Garrick's Comedy of Two Acts called The Lying
+Valet."
+
+    The curtain will rise at 7 o'clock Tickets at three quarters of a
+    dollar each to be had at Mr. Suter's and Mrs. White's Taverns and at
+    this Printing Office.
+
+Another evening will be presented the "Tragedy of Jane Shore. Between
+the play and the farce a humorous dissertation of Jealousy to be
+delivered by Mr. McGrath to which will be added a farce called Cross
+Purposes, or Which is the Man. The doors to be opened at half past five
+and the curtain to rise at half past six."
+
+For attendance at these performances and other social events, the ladies
+and gentlemen of George Town were naturally interested in this
+advertisement in the paper:
+
+    BY FASHIONS WE LIVE
+
+    JOHN JONES
+
+    Hair dresser for Ladies and Gentlemen. Begs leave to inform Ladies
+    and Gentlemen of George Town and its vicinage that he intends
+    carrying on his profession in all its different branches and
+    fashions; he also carries on the Cushion, Perriwig, Curls, Braids,
+    false curls and Gentlemen's Bandoe making. The highest price given
+    for human hair.
+
+George Town, at this time, was even favored by the presence of one of
+the greatest portrait painters of his time, Gilbert Stuart. About 1803
+he spent two years here. He painted Jefferson and the men who followed
+him in the Presidency up through John Quincy Adams. He had, of course,
+previously been much at Mount Vernon while doing his famous portraits of
+General Washington. It is said that Washington was the only person in
+whose presence Stuart was ever embarrassed.
+
+There were drawing teachers and dancing masters. "Mr. Carle, dancing
+master, may be spoke with on school days at Mrs. White's Tavern."
+"Dancing School of J. B. Duclaviacq at his dancing room back of Mr.
+Turner's Counting House."
+
+Perhaps it was one of these two which advertised, "A night
+Dancing-School for the Reception of Gentlemen who are not at leisure to
+attend in the Day-time; will be kept the evenings of the School days;
+The Price to each Scholar will be Four dollars. A subscription is lodged
+with Mr. Peter Casanave."
+
+Gaming at cards at private balls and parties and toddy at dinner date
+back to the earliest knowledge of society in this vicinity. Card
+playing, horse-racing and other sports were fashionable and popular and
+had not abated in 1800 when the Government came.
+
+In chronicles of Sir Augustus Foster, the British Minister in 1805 he
+notes the balls in Georgetown "Cards for everybody, loo for the
+girls--brag for the men."
+
+But all was not play, for in the _Times_ and _Potowmack Packet_ is this
+newsnote:
+
+    On the 13th inst. a daughter of Mr. Aaron Haynes of this town, a
+    young miss in the tenth year of her age, spun 50 knots of good linen
+    yarn, from sun-rise to sunset. An example of industry, highly
+    honorable to herself and well worthy of imitation.
+
+And speaking of youth here is an interesting item:
+
+    This day were baptized three male children (the uncommon gift of
+    Providence at one birth) by the names of George Washington, John
+    Adams, Benjamin Franklin.
+
+Then this sad and interesting advertisement:
+
+    With regret and shame the subscriber finds himself under the
+    necessity of advertising his wife. Although it is practised by some
+    white people, yet he, though black, blushes at the thought of
+    declaring to the world that his wife has run away. But disagreeable
+    as it is, he does by these presents make known that Lucy, his wife,
+    has eloped from his bed and board and forbids all persons harbouring
+    or trusting her, as he will pay no debts of her contracting after
+    this date.
+
+    Prince Hull.
+
+On June 30, 1790 there was this announcement in the newspaper:
+
+    The gentlemen who have subscribed to celebrate the Anniversary of
+    American Independency will be pleased to attend at Mrs. White's
+    Tavern at Four O' clock tomorrow afternoon to choose Managers to
+    regulate the proceedings of that day.
+
+Scheme of a Lottery:
+
+    To raise the sum of One Thousand Five Hundred and Nine Dollars for
+    the purpose of finishing the Church between George Town and
+    Bladensburgh, called Rock Creek Church.
+
+    All prizes not demanded in six months after the drawing, will be
+    deemed generous contributions.
+
+    3000 Tickets at Two dollars each.
+
+    As the above is laudable it is expected that it will meet with
+    approbation and support of the public. As soon as the tickets are
+    sold the drawing will commence at Mr. John Suter's at George Town
+    and the Prizes paid immediately thereafter on application to Thomas
+    Beall Treasurer, in specie.
+
+    MANAGERS
+
+    Col. Wm. Deakins     Robert Peter
+    Benj. Stoddert       John Peter
+    Brooke Beall         Bernard O'Neil
+    John Threlkeld       Anthony Hollmead
+    Thomas Cramphin      Col. George Beall
+             Thomas Beall of George
+                                Treasurer
+
+    _The Times and Potowmack Packet._ November 25, 1789.
+
+Five years before in September 1784 in the _Maryland Gazette_ there was
+an advertisement for the George Town Academy lottery:
+
+    Scheme of a lottery for raising $1,400 to be applied to the
+    purchasing a house for the use of the George Town Academy.
+
+    The right education of youth is an object of such vast importance of
+    freedom and happiness that there needs no strength of reasoning to
+    recommend the above scheme which is meant to promote it to the
+    patronage and encouragement of a liberal public.
+
+    Tickets may be had from Messrs. Robert Peter, William Deakins, Jr.,
+    Bernard O'Neill, Henry Townsend, John P. Boucher, Benj. Stoddert,
+    Robt. Philips, Sam'l Davidson, Brooke Beall, and Dr. Walter Smith at
+    George Town;
+
+    Wm. D. Beall at Bladensburg, Henry Lyles, Alexandria; Thomas
+    Clagett, at Piscataway, Abraham Faw and Patrick Sim Smith,
+    Frederick-town, and David Stewart and Cumberland Dugan and Mr.
+    Henderson at Baltimore.
+
+    David Crawford, Upper Marlboro; Alexander Clagett, Hager's Town.
+
+    The drawing will commence at George Town as soon as the tickets are
+    all sold.
+
+    Managers are  Robt. Peter
+                  Benj. Stoddert
+                  Wm. Deakins, Jr.
+
+    Who will faithfully execute the trust reposed in them.
+
+Henry Stouffer advertised in 1789 his Stage to Annapolis, three times a
+week which took six or seven hours at the farthest. And in the same
+paper the Annapolis Packet run by Edward Thomas (of course by water)
+goes twice a week charging 7 shillings, 6 pence.
+
+In the _Impartial Observer and Washington Advertiser_ of June 26, 1795:
+
+    George Town, Washington and Alexandria Packet--James Bull Master.
+
+    Will leave George Town every morning at seven o'clock and call at
+    this place (City of Washington) on her way to Alexandria. Leave
+    Alexandria every evening at 4 and call on way to George Town. 17
+    cents from George Town to Greenleaf Point, 33 to Alexandria.
+    Passages engaged at Mr. Suter's or Mr. Semmes' Tavern in George
+    Town; at Mr. Ward's, Greenleaf Point, and Mr. Thomas Porter's Store,
+    Alexandria.
+
+    Ferry boats must not have pendent or any other colour flying or ring
+    a bell on board so as to affrighten the horses and thereby endanger
+    the lives of the passengers. Penalty of $20.
+
+_Sentinel of Liberty_, June 27, 1800:
+
+    The Stages will leave Light-Lane Number 3 adjoining the Fountain Inn
+    every day (Monday excepted.)
+
+    Returning, leave Mr. Heiskell's, Alexandria, at 3 o'clock. Mr.
+    Semmes' at George Town at 5.
+
+There were also stages going out to Rockville and to Frederick.
+
+In later years there was a conveyance running to Rockville spoken of as
+"The Hack."
+
+The license tax list discriminated in license value of one-horse chaise
+and two-wheel coach.
+
+This thriving town had of course to be regulated and governed, and there
+are copies in existence of the ordinances and by-laws for making it safe
+and agreeable. One passed on the 20th November 1791, related to "the
+going at large of geese and swine" and makes it "lawful to kill any such
+and give notice to the Mayor or one of the Aldermen, the offender to be
+sent to the public market house where the owner may claim within four
+hours, or if no claim in four hours, the finder take and apply to proper
+use. All goats running at large shall be forfeited to who ever shall
+take them up."
+
+Also on August 4, 1795 an ordinance relating to garbage, glass bottles,
+or oyster shells in quantity 30 shillings fine. We are still having
+trouble keeping Georgetown neat and clean.
+
+And they had trouble about speeding then as now, for there was passed an
+ordinance August 4, 1795 "that any person who shall by galloping, or
+otherwise force at an improper speed any Horse, Mare, or Gelding, shall
+if a free man, forfeit and pay for every such offence the sum of 15
+shillings current money; if an apprentice, servant or a slave the
+master or the mistress shall forfeit and pay the sum of 7 shillings and
+sixpence."
+
+And in 1807 they passed an ordinance to "more effectually diminish the
+number of dogs in Gerogetown as they have become a public nuisance; on
+the first dog of the male kind owned by any one person, $1; on the
+second, $2; and on all over two, owned by the same person, $5; and on
+the first of the female kind, $2; on the second, $4; and on all dogs of
+the female kind over and above two, owned by the same person, $10."
+
+Then they passed an ordinance, "that after the first day of May next no
+slave shall be permitted to sell any article whatever (other than fruit)
+on the Sabboth."
+
+In 1811 the Mayor was ordered to appoint and hire eight men of good
+character to keep a night watch at the rate of $150 per annum, one of
+them to act as Captain at the rate of $250.
+
+They probably officiated at these events.
+
+    Ordinance passed 10th October 1796.
+
+    Whereas many respectable inhabitants of Georgetown have complained
+    that they suffer great inconvenience from the vast concourse of idle
+    white and black persons that frequently assemble together for the
+    purpose of fighting cocks, at which time they drink to access,
+    become riotous, and disturb the quiet and repose of the good
+    citizens, be it ordained by Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common
+    Council that any white person or persons or free negro or negroes
+    who shall presume to fight any game cocks or dunghill fouls within
+    the jurisdiction of the corporation for any wagers or for diversion
+    shall for every offense pay $5. Also if having assembled in a
+    disorderly manner for the purpose of fighting cocks, if they refuse
+    to disperse, constables shall take such negro or negroes (being
+    slaves) and give him, her, or them, due correction upon the bare
+    back in some public part of Georgetown not exceeding 39 strikes.
+
+An ordinance for regulating and licensing hackney carriages, billiard
+tables, theatrical and other public amusements.
+
+Another says,
+
+    ... any person or persons who shall keep or maintain the common
+    gaming house or open or set up any public gaming table shall forfeit
+    and pay $20 current money.
+
+    Provided always, that licensed billiard tables are not intended
+    hereby to be prohibited or herein included.
+
+Passed 4th October 1803.
+
+The fire engines and fire buckets heretofore bought by the subscription
+of sundry inhabitants of the town have been offered for the use of the
+town.
+
+In 1801 the corporation of Georgetown was concerning itself a good deal
+with the paving of the streets.
+
+John Mason, Jesse Baley and Wm. H. Dorsey were a committee to report
+permanent systems for improving the streets and alleys, whether by
+paving or otherwise.
+
+They determined to commence the work at the intersection of Washington
+(30th) and Bridge (M) Streets and carry the pavement up along the north
+side of Bridge Street to the intersection of High and Water Streets and
+thence, after paving with round stone the Center Square to continue it
+afterwards along the south of Fall Street ... to remove the earth and
+pave 5 ft. wide against the curb stone, where individuals would not
+pave, from Washington to High Street and to graduate and pave the Center
+Square.
+
+There was a good deal more work of that kind to be done at that time and
+John Peter was appointed permanent superintendent.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter V
+
+_Washington and L'Enfant in George Town_
+
+
+Such was the town through which General George Washington passed in
+April 1789, on his way from Mount Vernon to his inauguration in New York
+as first President of the government which was trying out an experiment
+new to the world.
+
+In the _Times and Potowmack Packet_, on April 23, is this insertion:
+
+    George Town. Last Thursday passed through this town on his way to
+    New York the most illustrious, the President of the United States of
+    America, with Charles Thompson, Esq. Secretary, to Congress. His
+    Excellency arrived at about 2 O'Clock on the bank of the Patowmack,
+    escorted by a respectable corps of gentlemen from Alexandria where
+    the George Town ferry boats, properly equipped, received his
+    Excellency and suit, safely landed them, under the acclamation of a
+    large crowd of their grateful fellow citizens--who beheld his
+    Fabius, in the evening of his day, bid adieu to the peaceful retreat
+    of Mount Vernon, in order to save his country once more from
+    confusion and anarchy. From this place his Excellency was escorted
+    by corps of gentlemen commanded by Col. Wm. Deakins, Junr., to Mr.
+    Spurrier's Tavern, where the escort from Baltimore take charge of
+    him.
+
+Colonel Deakins was Justice of the Peace, a very high office in those
+days, (there was no mayor) besides being a large landowner and
+shipowner.
+
+Among the prominent men who probably formed this escort were many of
+Washington's former officers of the Revolutionary Army, for when he
+came to George Town he was amongst old friends: Colonel Forrest, Major
+Stoddert, General James Maccubbin Lingan, General Otho Williams, William
+Beatty (who had distinguished himself in the army and had attained the
+rank of Colonel), Thomas Richardson who, although a Quaker, was Captain
+of a company and won high repute; William Murdock, who had been a
+Colonel of militia raised for the defense of the Province of Maryland in
+1776, and Lloyd Beall, who had been adjutant of the Staff of Alexander
+Hamilton, and General John Mason.
+
+I quote freely from Dr. H. Paul Caemmerer's very interesting _Biography
+of Pierre Charles L'Enfant_. "Among the numerous problems of the first
+Congress in 1789, was the question of establishment of a seat of
+government or a National Capital. During the period of the Continental
+Congress and the subsequent period of the Congress of the Confederation,
+from 1774 to 1789, Congress had met in eight different town and
+cities--Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster, York, Princeton, Annapolis,
+Trenton, and New York City, part of the time pursued by the enemy and
+part of the time attacked by disgruntled soldiers. It was found
+difficult for Members of Congress to find adequate quarters, and it was
+always a problem to move records and files. Thus it developed that
+Congress wanted a home of its own. The Constitution of the United States
+provided for a Federal District ten miles square (Art. 1, Sec. 8, Par.
+17)."
+
+"On September 11, 1789, while yet the idea of locating a Capital City
+was still unsettled, L'Enfant wrote to President Washington asking to be
+employed to design the Capital of 'this vast empire.'"
+
+"It might be inferred from this letter that L'Enfant knew more about the
+controversy in the Halls of Congress on the subject of location of the
+Seat of Government than we know today. It was at its height, that we
+know. The question of size of the Federal District had been settled by
+the Constitution--it was to be ten miles square. Now the question of
+location predominated--the question of 'exclusive jurisdiction' to be
+exercised by Congress had been generally conceded.
+
+The discussion was finally limited to two sites: first, a location on
+the banks of the Potomac at least as far South as Georgetown, Maryland,
+which was favored particularly by the Southern members of Congress as
+being the geographical center of the United States; second, a site on
+the Delaware River near the falls above Trenton, which Pennsylvania,
+Delaware, and the other States nearby favored. But on the whole it was
+deemed very important during the First Congress to give the National
+Capital a central location along the Atlantic coast. Southern members
+led by Richard Bland Lee and James Madison, of Virginia, argued for
+consideration for the question by Congress before adjournment, and
+recommended the Potomac River site near Georgetown."
+
+"The burning question before Congress at the time was a bill for funding
+of the public debt and the assumption of debts incurred by the States
+during the Revolutionary War, amounting to about $20,000,000. Alexander
+Hamilton as the first Secretary of the Treasury had recommended the
+funding of both forms of indebtedness in obligations of the United
+States. His aim was to restore the value of the worthless continental
+dollar (a pound of tea sold for $90; a pair of shoes for $100; a barrel
+of flour for $1,500 in paper money) but it was pointed out that the
+assumption of State debts by the Government would result in most
+benefits to the Northern States where there was most of the trade, while
+mostly agriculture was in the South.... Thus we come to the famous
+compromise proposed by Hamilton about the middle of June, 1790, when in
+consideration of locating the capital on the banks of the Potomac he
+hoped to secure enough votes to secure the enactment of the funding
+bill."
+
+"Thus by the Act of July 16, 1790, it was definitely decided that the
+seat of government should be on the banks of the Potomac."
+
+"Thereupon arose the question of design for the Federal City. Pursuant
+to the application received, President Washington chose Pierre Charles
+L'Enfant, 'the artist of the American Revolution,' for this work. No
+better choice could have been made. L'Enfant applied his ability to the
+task with enthusiasm; the approbation of 'his General' gave him supreme
+satisfaction."
+
+"In accordance with directions from President Washington, Major L'Enfant
+proceeded to Georgetown for the purpose of making a sketch of the area
+proposed for the Federal City that would enable him to fix locations on
+the spot for public buildings. He arrived on March 9, 1791. L'Enfant
+carried with him a letter of instructions from Secretary of State
+Jefferson as follows:
+
+    'Sir: You are desired to proceed to Georgetown where you will find
+    Mr. Ellicott employed in making a survey and Map of the Federal
+    Territory. The special object of asking your aid is to have a
+    drawing of the particular grounds most likely to be approved for the
+    site of the Federal town and buildings. You will therefore be
+    pleased to begin on the Eastern branch and proceed from thence
+    upwards, laying down the hills, valleys, morasses and waters between
+    that and the Potomac, The Tyber, and the road leading from
+    Georgetown to the Eastern branch and connecting the whole with
+    certain fixed points on the map Mr. Ellicott is preparing. Some idea
+    of the height of the lands above the base on which they stand would
+    be desirable. For necessary assistance and expense be pleased to
+    apply to the Mayor of Georgetown who is written to on the subject. I
+    will beg the favor of you to mark to me your progress about twice a
+    week, say every Wednesday and Saturday evening, that I may be able
+    in proper time to draw your attention to some other objects which I
+    have not at this moment sufficient information to define.'"
+
+"_The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser_ of March 18, 1791,
+reported Major L'Enfant's arrival in Georgetown as follows:
+
+    'GEORGETOWN (Patowmac) March 12.
+
+    Wednesday (March 9) evening arrived in this town Major Longfont, a
+    French gentleman employed by the President of the United States to
+    survey the lands contiguous to Georgetown, where the Federal City is
+    to be put. His skill in matters of this kind is justly extolled by
+    all disposed to give merit its proper tribute of praise. He is
+    earnest in the business and hopes to be able to lay a plan of that
+    parcel of land before the President on his arrival in this town.'
+
+"L'Enfant reported to Secretary of State Jefferson, promptly:
+
+    'Friday March 11, 1791
+
+    Sir: I have the honor of informing you of my arrival at this place
+    where I could not possibly reach before Wednesday last and very late
+    in the evening, after having traveled part of the way on foot and
+    part on horseback leaving the broken stage behind.
+
+    'On arriving I made it my first care to wait on the Mayor of the
+    town in conformity with the direction which you gave me. He appeared
+    to be much surprised and he assured me he had received no previous
+    notice of my coming nor any injunction relating to the business I
+    was sent upon. However next day--yesterday morning--he made me a
+    kind offer of his assistance in procuring for me three or four men
+    to attend me in the surveying and this being the only thing I was in
+    need of, every matter has been soon arranged. I am only at present
+    to regret that a heavy rain and thick mist which has been incessant
+    ever since my arrival here, does put an insuperable obstacle to my
+    wish of proceeding immediately to the survey. Should the weather
+    continue bad, as there is every appearance it will, I shall be much
+    at a lost how to make a plan of the ground you have pointed out to
+    me and have it ready for the President at the time he is expected at
+    this place.'"
+
+"In the meantime President Washington had begun his triumphal tour
+through the South. In Maryland he was escorted by his Excellency
+Governor Howard and the Honorable Mr. Kilty: Washington's Diary for
+March 28-30, 1791, reports:
+
+    'Monday 28th: Left Bladensburgh at half after six, and breakfasted
+    at George Town about 8:--where, having appointed the Commissioners
+    under the Residence Law to meet me, I found Mr. Johnson one of them
+    (and who is Chief Justice of the State) in waiting--and soon after
+    came in David Stuart, and Danl. Carroll Esqrs. the other two. A few
+    miles out of Town I was met by the principal Citizens of the place
+    and escorted in by them; and dined at Suter's tavern (where I also
+    lodged) at a public dinner given by the Mayor and
+    Corporation--previous to which I examined the Surveys of Mr.
+    Ellicott who had been sent on to lay out the district of ten miles
+    square for the federal seat; and also works of Majr. L'Enfant who
+    had been engaged to examine and make a draught of the grds. in the
+    vicinity of George Town and Carrollsburg on the Eastern Branch
+    making arrangements for examining the ground myself tomorrow with
+    the Commissioners.'
+
+    'Tuesday, 29th
+
+    'In thick mist, and under strong appearance of a settled rain (which
+    however did not happen) I set out about 7 o'clock, for the purpose
+    above mentioned, but from the unfavorableness of the day, I derived
+    no great satisfaction from the review.
+
+    'Finding the interests of the Landholders about George Town and
+    those about the Carrollsburgh much at variance and that their fears
+    and jealousies of each were counteracting the public purposes and
+    might prove injurious to its best interests, whilst if properly
+    managed they might be made to subserve it, I requested them to meet
+    me at six o'clock this afternoon at my lodgings, which they
+    accordingly did....
+
+    'Dined at Colo. Forrest's today with the Commissioners and others.'
+    [Whose residence was at 3348 M Street.]
+
+    'Wednesday, 30th.
+
+    'The parties to whom I addressed myself yesterday evening, having
+    taken the matter into consideration, saw the propriety of my
+    observations; and that whilst they were contending for the shadow
+    they might loose the substance; and therefore mutually agreed and
+    entered into articles to surrender for public purposes, one half of
+    the land they severally possessed within the bounds which were
+    designated as necessary for the City to stand with some other
+    stipulations, which were inserted in the instrument which they
+    respectively subscribed.
+
+    'This business being thus happily finished and some directions given
+    to the Commissioners, the Surveyor and Engineer with respect to the
+    mode of laying out the district--Surveying the grounds for the City
+    and forming them into lots--I left Georgetown, dined in Alexandria
+    and reached Mount Vernon in the evening.'"
+
+The "others," with whom he dined, were evidently the proprietors of the
+land, sixteen, who next day signed before witnesses the agreement drawn
+up that day. It is too long to quote in its entirety, but in effect
+these were the conditions: "that in consideration of the good benefits
+they were to derive from having the Federal City laid off upon their
+lands the President may retain any number of squares he may think proper
+for public improvements or uses at the rate of L25 ($66.66 in Penn.
+currency) per acre. For the streets they should receive no compensation.
+Each proprietor was to retain full possession of his land till it should
+be sold into lots." The men who signed, in order of signing, were:
+Robert Peter, David Burnes, James M. Lingan, Uriah Forrest, Benjamin
+Stoddert, Notley Young, Daniel Carroll, of Duddington; Overton Carr,
+Thomas Beall, of George; Charles Beatty, Anthony Holmead, William Young,
+Edward Peirce, Abraham Young, James Peirce, and William Prout. At a
+later date the following men joined in the agreement and are often
+counted among the original property holders: Robert Morris, Samuel
+Blodget, William Bailey, Samuel Davidson, William Deakins, Jr., James
+Greenleaf, Thomas Johnson, Robert Lingan, Dominick Lynch, John
+Nicholson, John H. Stone, Comfort Sands, Benjamin Oden, John P. Van
+Ness, George Walker, and the legal guardians of Elizabeth Wheeler.
+
+It was in this little town that the President issued his proclamation
+concerning the permanent seat of government of the United States. It
+reads thus:
+
+    Done at George Town, aforesaid, the 30th day of March in the year of
+    our Lord, 1791 and in the Independence of the United States the
+    fifteenth.
+
+                                  By the President,
+                                                   GEORGE WASHINGTON.
+    THOMAS JEFFERSON.
+
+Having satisfactorily accomplished this business, General Washington
+proceeded to Mount Vernon, whence he wrote on April 3, 1791, to the
+Commissioners to proceed at once with the Attorney-General in regard to
+deeds so that the sale of lots and public buildings might commence as
+soon as possible. He quotes a letter from Mr. Jefferson:
+
+    ... that on the 27th of March a bill had been introduced in the
+    House of Representatives for granting a sum of money for building a
+    Federal Hall, a house for the President, etc.
+
+At a meeting of the Commissioners on September 9, 1791, in reply to a
+letter from Major L'Enfant a letter was written saying:
+
+    ... that the title of the map he was making was to be, "A Map of the
+    City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia," and that the
+    streets were to be named alphabetically one way and numerically the
+    other, etc.
+
+    (Signed by)
+               THOMAS JOHNSON,
+               DAVID STUART,
+               DANIEL CARROLL.
+
+L'Enfant aimed to make an original plan for the Federal City, adapted to
+the topography, but he endeavored to secure ideas from plans of great
+cities of Europe that might be found possible of adaptation so he wrote
+to Jefferson who sent his notable reply and plans of a number of cities
+that he had secured evidently while our minister to France.
+
+"June 30th Washington noted, 'The business which brot. me to Georgetown
+being finished and the Comrs. instructed with respect to the mode of
+carrying the plan into effect, I set off this morning a littel after 4
+o'clock, in the prosecution of my journey towards Philadelphia....'"
+
+"Thereupon the building site for the city took on intense activity."
+
+Pierre Charles L'Enfant was the son of Pierre L'Enfant, an artist who
+painted battle scenes and also designed tapestries for the Gobelin
+Works. L'Enfant himself was an artist and it was his artistic
+temperament which caused him trouble. At the age of 22 he had come to
+America to volunteer his services in the war against England. He became
+an officer of engineers, and also helped Gen. von Steuben drill the Army
+at Valley Forge, and worked on fortifications. After the war he was a
+practicing architect in New York City for several years but when he
+heard of the Federal City to be created he longed to be the author of
+its plan and as I have said wrote to Washington asking for the job.
+
+But it was his desire for perfection which eventually was his undoing.
+There was delay in submitting the Plan to President Washington, and also
+he refused to take orders from any one except Washington, whereas he was
+told to take them from the three Commissioners of the District of
+Columbia: Thomas Johnson, David Stuart, and Daniel Carroll. Dr. David
+Stuart had become the second husband of Mrs. John Parke Custis,
+daughter-in-law of Mrs. Washington. Things went from bad to worse when
+the nephew of Daniel Carroll the Commissioner, Daniel Carroll of
+Duddington, started to build a house which abutted into a street laid
+out on the Plan and Major L'Enfant had it demolished. Also there was
+delay in getting the Map engraved.
+
+Major L'Enfant lived at Suter's Tavern during the months he was working
+in George Town. But where he actually did his work of drawing his famous
+Map, where Andrew Ellicott had his office as surveyor, and where the
+three Commissioners met for their business has never been settled.
+
+The tradition is that their office was The Little Old Stone House, now
+3049 M Street, and known for many years as "General Washington's
+Headquarters." As General Washington never had need for military
+headquarters here, for there was no fighting nearby, this tradition has
+persisted that this was the office of the Commissioners.
+
+On December 13th President Washington sent a letter to L'Enfant advising
+him that he must work under orders from the Commissioners.
+
+"Then before leaving for Philadelphia to superintend the engraving of
+his "Plan" personally, L'Enfant wrote to the Commissioners asking for
+supplies for the winter work, as follows:
+
+    'Georgetown Dec. 25, 1791.
+
+    'Gentlemen: Mr. Roberdeau, on whose activity and zeal I rely in the
+    execution of what is necessary to accomplish this winter, will
+    communicate to you a statement of the business I committed to this
+    care and I have to request you will make provision for the supply of
+    25 hands in the quarries and 50 in the city which in all will be 75
+    men kept in employment besides their respective overseers.
+
+    'There is an immediate necessity for a number of wheel-barrows and
+    above 100 will be wanted early in the spring. Therefore I beg you
+    will devise the mode of obtaining that number before the 15th of
+    March next--These wheel-barrows ought to be made light and should be
+    only roughly finished, though substantial, ...'
+
+Next we find that L'Enfant addressed a long and comprehensive Report to
+President Washington 'for renewing the work at the Federal City' in the
+approaching season and giving an estimate of expenditures for one year
+in the amount of $1,200,000."
+
+"We have here to do with the idealism of L'Enfant that contemplated
+quite a completely built city before it was occupied and operated as a
+'Seat of Government.' Unfortunately, L'Enfant did not realize the
+poverty of the Treasury; and the state of mind of national legislators,
+particularly of the North, who preferred to stay in Philadelphia to
+moving 'to the Indian Place' on the banks of the Potomac."
+
+"It is generally thought that the trouble concerning the Daniel Carroll
+of Duddington House was the reason for L'Enfant's resignation from the
+Washington work in March, 1792, and the reason for the letter from
+Secretary of State Jefferson terminating his services that month. But a
+close analysis of L'Enfant's experiences reveals that this was simply a
+'serious incident' in a chain of troubles to follow. This brings to
+light the names of L'Enfant's assistants Roberdeau and Baraof. There
+were also Benjamin Banneker; and Alexander Ralston."
+
+"L'Enfant remained silent so far as arguments with President Washington
+and the Plan was concerned, until 1800 after 'his General' had died. In
+the meantime the L'Enfant Plan was engraved, the question of
+compensation to L'Enfant came up and he was reimbursed in part." But the
+question of payment to Major L'Enfant was never settled.
+
+After leaving Georgetown he worked on a Plan for the city of Patterson,
+New Jersey, built a magnificent house for Robert Morris in Philadelphia
+which was never finished, and also Oeller's Hotel where the
+Philadelphia Assemblies were held.
+
+From 1800 to 1810 he spent most of his time and efforts trying to secure
+payment for his services in laying out the Plan of the Capital City of
+Washington. On July 7, 1812 Secretary of War Eustis appointed him
+Professor of Engineering in the Military Academy at West Point but he
+declined saying that he had not "the rigidity of manner, the tongue nor
+the patience, nor indeed any inclination peculiar to instructors."
+
+In 1814 he was consulted in regard to the fortification of Fort
+Washington opposite Mount Vernon and did some work there.
+
+After the war was over he continued to live there at Warburton Manor
+with Thomas A. Digges until 1824 when he went to live with a nephew
+William Dudley Digges at Green Hill nearby, where he died, June 14,
+1825, and was buried on the estate.
+
+In 1909 the U. S. Government at last honored him by burying him in the
+National Cemetery at Arlington, in front of the house, overlooking the
+city of his dream.
+
+At twelve o'clock October 12, 1792, the corner-stone of the President's
+House was laid, but there is no record of any ceremony. There is,
+however, a long account in the newspapers of the laying of the
+corner-stone of the Capitol, which was personally performed by George
+Washington in his capacity as a Mason, on September 18, 1792, "amid a
+brilliant crowd of spectators of both sexes." Right at the head of the
+procession, immediately following "the Surveying Department of the City
+of Washington," is noted "The Mayor and Corporation of George Town."
+John Threlkeld was Mayor that year, and certainly that "brilliant
+crowd" must have been largely composed of Georgetonians for the dwellers
+in the City of Washington at that time were few and far between. Witness
+General Washington's letter on the 17th of May, 1795, to Alexander
+White, one of the Commissioners: "I shall intimate that a residence in
+the City if a house is to be had, will be more promotive of its welfare
+than your abode in George Town." He was nursing along his namesake in
+every possible way. On February 8, 1798, he notes in his diary: "Visited
+Public Buildings in the morning." The day before, the 7th, he speaks of
+going to a meeting of the Potomac Company, dining with Colonel
+Fitzgerald, and lodging with Thomas Peter at Number 2618 K Street. This
+was only natural, as Mrs. Peter was, of course, his step-granddaughter.
+On that same trip he met the Commissioners again, this time at Union
+Tavern, and dined there. On August 5th his diary says: "Went to George
+Town to a general meeting of the Potomac Company. Dined at the Union
+Tavern and lodged at Mr. Law's." Thomas Law, an Englishman, had married
+Eliza Custis, Mrs. Washington's eldest grandchild, and had a home on
+Capitol Hill.
+
+On August 11th he again spent the night at Thomas Peter's home, and that
+was the last night he ever spent in the city named in his honor. He was
+never to live to see the government established in the city over which
+he had worked so hard, and in which he had such absolute implicit faith.
+
+"A century hence," he wrote, "if this country keeps united, it will
+produce a city, though not so large as London, yet of a magnitude
+inferior to few other in Europe."
+
+
+
+
+Chapter VI
+
+_Below Bridge Street_
+
+
+Nearly all of the business, and most of the social life, up until 1800
+took place below Bridge (M) Street. The island in the river below George
+Town, which was called, variously, Analostan, Mason's Island, My Lord's
+Island, and Barbadoes, was almost a part of George Town in those days.
+It belonged to the great plantation of George Mason, of Gunston, the
+brilliant statesman and author of the Bill of Rights.
+
+His son, General Mason, had there an estate where he entertained in fine
+style. Louis Philippe of France, while a visitor in George Town, was
+feted there and said he had never seen a more elegant entertainment.
+Twenty-three kinds of fish were caught in the river in those days,
+besides terrapin and snapping turtles, so perhaps they helped to
+embellish the occasion.
+
+The island was rich in forest trees, foliage, flowering and aromatic
+shrubs, orchards of cherry, apple, and peach trees. Cotton was grown
+there which was the color of nankeen; it was spun, woven, and used in
+its natural color, without being dyed. Also, there was grown a variety
+of maize of deep purple color, used as a dye.
+
+John Mason had also a town house which we shall mention later. He, like
+most of the men in this community, was engaged in the business of
+shipping tobacco. The majority of his trade seems to have been with
+France, from letters of his father to him, in which the great George
+offered to help out his son in his shipments by letting him have some of
+the hogsheads he had on hand.
+
+John Mason had been a general in the Revolution, and was at the head of
+the militia here, and also owned a ferry operating to the Virginia shore
+from the foot of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue). The ferry was worked by
+a great iron chain.
+
+In 1835 Analostan Island was purchased by William A. Bradley, nephew of
+the Abraham Bradley who came to Washington with the Government in 1800
+as Assistant Postmaster General. For many years it was a wilderness,
+with only traces showing of its once famous house, but not long ago it
+was purchased by the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association.
+
+Robert Peter's house stood on High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), about
+where Grace Church now stands. He owned the whole block between Congress
+(31st) Street and High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), up to Bridge (M)
+Street. It was called Peter's Square. At the age of forty, after he had
+lived nearly fifteen years in George Town, he married Elizabeth Scott,
+the daughter of George Scott, High Sheriff of Prince George County. They
+had eight children.
+
+Their eldest son, Thomas, was married in 1795 to Martha Parke Custis,
+the second granddaughter of Mrs. Washington. The bride was sixteen, the
+groom twenty-seven. The wedding took place at Hope Park near Fairfax
+Court House, where Martha's mother, the former Eleanor Calvert (Mrs.
+John Parke Custis), had been living since she became the wife of David
+Stuart, one of the Commissioners laying out the City of Washington.
+Soon after their marriage, Mr. Peter gave to Thomas and his wife one of
+the six houses he had built for his sons on lots across Rock Creek in
+the new city. The one he gave them was 2618 K Street, and is still
+standing. It was there that General Washington stayed with the young
+couple so often. Martha was very lovely in appearance, and very devoted
+to her step-grandfather, and he, apparently, to her.
+
+Robert Peter's eldest daughter, Elizabeth, was married in 1787 to her
+cousin, James Dunlop. Mr. Peter's mother had been Jean Dunlop of
+Garnkirke. To this couple, the father also gave a house situated not far
+from his own, a block away, up High Street (Wisconsin Avenue). There
+they reared a large family.
+
+No more interesting figure looms out of the mists of early George Town
+than the Reverend Stephen Bloomer Balch, the founder and first pastor of
+the Presbyterian Church. But, far more than that, he seems to have been
+pastor, "Parson," as he was affectionately called, for the entire
+community. It was in his church edifice that each denomination met until
+they procured their own.
+
+Born on his parents' place in the Susquehanna region, graduated from
+Princeton in the same class with Aaron Burr, Dr. Balch went to Lower
+Marlboro, Calvert County, Maryland, to take charge of a classical
+academy in October, 1775. For two years he taught, drilled the students
+in military training, and studied theology on the side. His books were
+borrowed from the Reverend Thomas Clagett, who afterwards became the
+first Episcopal Bishop of Maryland, and now lies buried in the
+Washington Cathedral, not very far from his pupil in Oak Hill Cemetery.
+
+Not very long after Dr. Balch was licensed as a preacher, he came to
+George Town, about 1778, the only place of worship at that time being
+the Lutherans' small building, where their new church now stands on the
+corner of the present Q Street and Wisconsin Avenue. The lot was given
+in 1769 by Colonel Charles Beatty. Dr. Balch preached there on Thursday
+night and again on Sunday. He did not remain at that time, but, a year
+or so later, asked to come back, and at first used a little frame house
+on the north side of Bridge (M) Street, which was occupied on week days
+by a school. Just about this time he was made principal of the Columbian
+Academy, and the next year he married Elizabeth Beall, the daughter of
+George Beall. I wonder if he had, by any chance, met her on his first
+visit, and the memory of her bright eyes had followed him on his
+journeys down into the Carolines and lured him back.
+
+At the wedding of Dr. and Mrs. Balch in 1782, tea was served in cups not
+much larger than thimbles. The ladies of George Town would not drink tea
+at all during the Revolution, and it was still not plentiful.
+
+He was of a susceptible nature, for, after his wife's death in 1827, he
+was married the next year, when he was eighty-two, to another Elizabeth,
+one of the King family. She lived only eighteen days, and a little more
+than a year later, he again embarked on the sea of matrimony, this time
+with a widow, Mrs. Jane Parrott. By his first wife he had eleven
+children, the usual number in those days.
+
+In 1783, one year after his first marriage, he built his home on Duck
+Lane (33rd Street), which he called "Mamre," from the Old Testament.
+After Abraham and Lot had separated, Abraham giving Lot the first choice
+of location, "the Lord told Abraham to look over the whole land which He
+would give to him and his seed forever, and Abraham moved his tent and
+dwelt by the oaks of Mamre, and built there an altar unto the Lord."
+
+In 1799, when a street was graded through, it completely ruined his
+property and he was obliged to take refuge with neighbors. One of his
+neighbors was James Calder, who was a trustee of his church, and Mr.
+Crookshanks lived near by. Dr. Balch had an island on the river called
+"Patmos." This time he went to the New Testament and named it for Saint
+John's abode, where he wrote the Book of Revelations. This island
+supplied wood for his fires. He had, also, a little way out of town, a
+farm of ten acres.
+
+One Fourth of July, his son, Thomas, aged eight, as he tells us in his
+_Reminiscences_, wanted to deliver an oration which he had prepared--in
+Scotch Row, near by his home. All of his comrades had gone to see
+Captain Doughty's Company on parade with the fife-and-drum corps. But
+the little boy was not to be deterred. He went up on Bridge (M) Street,
+hunting an audience and a distinguished one he brought back with him. If
+small in number, it made up in quality, for he had General John Mason
+and Monsieur Pichon, a "bland and elegant" Frenchman sent by Napoleon to
+receive the $15,000,000 for the purchase of the Louisiana Territory. Mr.
+Pichon was a Huguenot from the city of Lyons and lived, while here, near
+the Bank of Columbia. This son followed in his father's footsteps as a
+minister and did not have to go out always for his audience.
+
+A short while after the death of General Washington, Dr. Balch gave
+notice that he was going to speak on the life and services of the great
+statesman. He preached in the open air to more than a thousand people.
+
+The last years of Dr. Balch's life were spent at number 3302 Gay (N)
+Street, where a bad fire destroyed many valuable papers and the records
+of his church. He wrote to a friend: "Only the Parrott (his wife)
+remains!" Apparently, he never lost his sense of humor. Perhaps it was
+that which helped to make him so universally beloved.
+
+Dr. Balch died on the 7th of September, 1833. Every house in town was
+hung in black, all the stores and banks were closed and the bells tolled
+as his body was carried to the church.
+
+One block westward of Dr. Balch's original house lived another man, very
+influential in the religious life of the town in addition to his large
+business activities. Henry Foxall, a native of Monmouthshire, England,
+was born in 1760. He went to Dublin, where he was put in charge of
+extensive iron works and where he became a Methodist. On coming to this
+country, he first settled in Philadelphia, where, in 1794, he was a
+partner in the Eagle Iron Works of Robert Morris, the great financier
+and signer of the Declaration of Independence.
+
+When Thomas Jefferson became President, he thought it advisable to have
+at the seat of government an ordnance plant, so Morris recommended
+Foxall, who came here in 1799 for that purpose. He built his foundry on
+the western outskirts of George Town, just behind Georgetown College.
+He built also a large brick house, two stories, with dormer windows on
+Frederick (34th) Street, between Water (K) and Bridge (M) Streets. It
+was quite a pretentious house for that time, with its high ceilings,
+elaborately decorated cornices of minute workmanship, and mantels of
+carved wood. It had ample grounds, and in front stood two tall and
+graceful Lombardy poplars. He had also a summer home, a little farther
+out and higher up, called "Spring Hill," from whence he had a fine view
+of the Potomac and the Virginia hills.
+
+A warm friendship sprang up between him and Thomas Jefferson, as they
+had many tastes in common. Both were performers on the violin and used
+to accompany each other, and both were fond of tinkering. Jefferson, you
+remember, was of a very inventive turn of mind. During this time he
+thought of an air-tight stove and got Mr. Foxall to make some according
+to his ideas, but they did not work out to please him.
+
+Thomas Jefferson lived for a while in George Town on the little street
+bearing his name, between Washington (30th) and Congress (31st) Streets,
+running south below Bridge (M) Street, in a house demolished a few years
+ago. It stood immediately south of the Canal on the east side, and was
+in appearance much like the home of Francis Scott Key. It must have been
+during the time he was Secretary of State in John Adams's administration
+that he occupied this house.
+
+Mr. Jefferson was never happy living in a town. I found this interesting
+little tidbit about him in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_: "For eight
+years he tabulated with painful accuracy the earliest and latest
+appearance of 37 vegetables in the Washington market, and after his
+return from France for 23 years he received from his old friend, the
+superintendent of the JARDIN DES PLANTES, a box of seeds which he
+distributed to public and private gardens throughout the United States."
+So I think we might easily call him the founder of the Garden Clubs of
+America, certainly of the Georgetown Garden Club.
+
+Mr. Foxall was a convert to Wesleyanism, and a lay minister. He was in
+the habit of entertaining the members of the Methodist Conference at
+this home, and was once good-humoredly twitted by one of them in regard
+to his inconsistent roles of "proclaimer of the gospel of peace and
+forger of weapons of war." To this he replied: "If I do make guns to
+destroy men's bodies, I build churches to save their souls."
+
+At this foundry (then the only one south of Philadelphia), cannon were
+cast for the American troops during the War of 1812. The artillery and
+indeed all the military arms of this country were then very imperfect.
+Foxall was the only founder in America who understood the proper mode of
+manufacture. Here began the first manufacture of bored cannon in this
+country, being vastly superior to the old ordnance. The abandonment and
+recasting of the old-style guns speedily followed.
+
+Commodore Perry would have no others on the little fleet he built at
+Put-in-Bay on Lake Erie. The battle of Lake Erie was deferred until
+Foxall could fill an order from the government for guns, and transport
+them over the mountains on carts drawn by ten or twelve yoke of oxen to
+the scene of the engagement. From the deck of his flagship _The
+Lawrence_, manned by these guns from George Town, Perry sent his famous
+message, "We have met the enemy and they are ours!"
+
+[Illustration: HENRY FOXALL]
+
+In 1814, when the British entered Washington and burned the Capitol and
+the White House, this foundry, upon which the country depended so
+largely for its supplies, was in imminent danger, and its owner vowed
+that, if God would spare it, he would build a church to His glory. The
+enemy had their face set in its direction when a sudden and violent
+storm turned them from their course. An old letter, written by George
+Bleig, afterwards Chaplain-General of the British Army, says: "On the
+25th a hurricane fell on the city which unroofed houses and upset our
+three-pound guns. It upset me also. It fairly lifted me out of the
+saddle, and the horse which I had been riding, I never saw again."
+
+True to his vow, Henry Foxall built the Foundry Methodist Church at the
+northeast corner of 14th and G Streets. It was sold some years later and
+the Colorado office building erected there. With the proceeds the very
+handsome grey stone church was built on 16th Street above Scott Circle.
+The trustees of the Foundry Church were Isaac Owens, Leonard Mackall,
+John Eliason, William Doughty, Joel Brown, John Lutz, and Samuel
+McKenney.
+
+Methodism at that time was in a struggling condition. The first visit by
+a Methodist preacher had been one by the tireless Francis Asbury. He was
+an old friend of Foxall, had visited him often in Philadelphia, and
+preached in George Town December 9, 1772. But it was twenty years before
+regular services were held, and then only by a preacher who came up from
+Alexandria. It was not until after the arrival of Henry Foxall that any
+Methodist preacher was stationed in the District. William Watters was so
+appointed in 1802.
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF HENRY FOXALL]
+
+Mr. Foxall was instrumental in the erection of no less than four
+churches, the old church at George Town on Rock Creek, one at the Navy
+Yard known as Ebenezer, a colored chapel, and later, the Foundry Church.
+In 1814 was organized the first Bible society in the District of
+Columbia. Among its founders were Henry Foxall and Francis Scott Key,
+near neighbors.
+
+Mr. Foxall was three times married, his first wife was Ann Harward, whom
+he married in England in 1780; his second was Margaret Smith, married in
+Philadelphia in 1799; his third, Catherine, whom he married in 1816 in
+England, while on a visit home. He had only two children and they were
+by his first marriage--a son who died when twenty-five years old and
+daughter, Mary Ann, who became the wife of Samuel McKenney, and for whom
+he built a lovely home.
+
+In the summer of 1823 he went to England for a visit, and there in
+December of that same year he died, quite suddenly, in great peace. "He
+served well his country, his generation, and his God."
+
+Mr. Foxall was said by one of his old employees to have been honest and
+just in his dealings, and although he did a large business, employing
+many people, he owed no man a dollar. He was prompt in paying off his
+workmen, usually making coin payments. He was a conscientious, earnest
+Christian, a real enthusiast in his religion. During his term of office
+as mayor in 1819 and 1820, the ordinances for the town which provided
+against profaning the Sabbath, were strictly enforced.
+
+The old Sunday Laws (so-called Blue Laws), which George Town inherited
+from Maryland, were decidedly severe, and it took a man of Mr. Foxall's
+force of character to enforce them. A few of the offenses against which
+he waged relentless war may be mentioned. Five dollars was the penalty
+for gaming, hunting, and fishing on the Sabbath. No trading was allowed
+on the Lord's Day, except the selling of "fresh fish, milk, and other
+perishable goods." Cock-fighting and drinking, when indulged in by free
+men, were punished by a fine of $5.00, but when a slave was the
+offender, he received thirty-nine stripes on the bare back in a public
+place.
+
+The old gentleman was fond of buying slaves whom he would set free after
+teaching them a trade. Long years after, one of his old slaves boasted
+of having driven the Marquis de Lafayette to visit his old mistress,
+Mrs. Catherine Foxall, on his visit in 1824.
+
+When the Potomac Canal was taken over and reorganized as the Chesapeake
+and Ohio Canal, a great celebration was made of the event.
+
+On Friday, July 4, 1828, President John Quincy Adams, accompanied by
+heads of Federal Government Departments, members of the Diplomatic
+Corps, the president and directors of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
+Company and authorities of the three cities of the then District of
+Columbia: Washington, Alexandria, and Georgetown, assembled early at the
+Union Hotel. The procession formed and, to the music of the United
+States Marine Band, marched to the High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) wharf,
+where, on board the steamboat _Surprise_ and other boats, they moved up
+the Potomac, until they reached the termination of the old Potomac
+Canal, landed, and marched a few hundred yards to canal boats prepared
+to receive them. They glided along until they reached the point of
+destination where the old powder magazine stood. On landing, they formed
+a large circle. The president of the C. & O. Company addressed President
+Adams in a brief speech and handed him a spade. After making the speech,
+he attempted to run the spade into the ground, but struck a root. He
+tried it again, when a wag in the crowd cried out he had come across a
+"hickory root," (allusion to Andrew Jackson, "Old Hickory," and their
+political campaign).
+
+He then threw down the spade, ripped off his coat, and went to work in
+earnest. People on the hills around raised loud cheers until their Chief
+Executive overcame the difficulty.
+
+On July 4, 1831, water was let in the canal from the first feeder to the
+Columbia Foundry. The loan of $1,500,000 was obtained in Holland through
+Richard Rush on the credit of the citizens of Washington, Alexandria,
+and Georgetown.
+
+It is said that, with the probable exception of General Washington, he
+took more interest in the affairs of the District of Columbia than any
+other president. He was largely identified with its material prosperity;
+he owned and operated a flouring mill on Rock Creek, but the project he
+was most zealously interested in was the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Of
+course, Mr. Adams had been here some during his father's presidency,
+though he was a man in his thirties then and was much abroad on
+diplomatic missions. He was also Secretary of State in Monroe's
+administration, and after his own term of office as President, served as
+a representative in Congress until his death.
+
+A flouring mill which stood at the point where the canal of the old
+Potomac Company entered the river, was owned by the Edes family. The
+fish caught there were much larger than those caught elsewhere.
+
+On the bank of the canal opposite the mill, lived Bull Frizzle, noted
+for his enormous strength. One time, after there was an accident at the
+Little Falls (Chain) Bridge, he crawled under a large beam and prized it
+up by the strength of his back, saving the life of the man pinned
+underneath.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter VII
+
+_Along Bridge (M) Street_
+
+
+The bridge over Rock Creek at Bridge (M) Street, was built in 1788, and
+one night when a storm of wind and rain was raging, gave way while a
+stage-coach was passing over it. The coach was precipitated into the
+water but only the driver and the horses were drowned. Ever afterwards
+it was said that on stormy nights the ghost of the driver haunted the
+spot.
+
+Peter Casanave had a stone house near the bridge and close by was the
+house of the French's. Mrs. French had been Arianna Scott, sister of
+Mrs. Robert Peter. The house, which is still remembered by many old
+residents, was a fine, large brick mansion of the prevailing type at
+that time.
+
+It was surrounded by trees--some of them being cherries--and a garden.
+One large room was hung with very unusual paper representing scenes of
+Indian life. It is still remembered by a gentleman who lived there when
+he was quite young, who says he remembers passing when the house was
+being demolished and again admired the very handsome and remarkable
+paper. At that time the place was entered by a gate from the
+Pennsylvania Avenue side, and then there was a flight of steps to reach
+M Street on the other side.
+
+Mrs. French evidently owned several houses nearby, for she advertised:
+
+    For sale or rent:
+
+    The house opposite the Bank of Columbia lately occupied by Mrs.
+    Suter, and the house lately occupied by John M. Gantt, Esqur.,
+    adjoining Dr. Weem's house are for sale or rent. The house opposite
+    the bank is very eligibly situated for a commercial character having
+    an excellent storeroom and counting room with every convenient
+    compartment for a private family. The house adjoining Dr. Weems' can
+    accomodate very comfortably a small family and from its situation
+    will soon be very valuable. The terms of sale or rent may be known
+    on application to Dr. Weems.
+
+    9th January 1799 A. FRENCH.
+
+Also, Mrs. Pick had a millinery store just about here.
+
+On the corner of Bridge (M) and Greene (29th) Streets, was where David
+Reintzel lived, who was mayor several times.
+
+A block or two further west, on the north side of the street, stood the
+very modest home of Jacob Schoofield, the Quaker with whom William Wirt
+was put to board when he was sent in 1779 to George Town to attend
+school. He speaks of how Mrs. Schoofield comforted him the first night
+he was there, a home-sick little boy, by telling him the story, from the
+Bible, of Joseph being sold by his brother and carried off into Egypt.
+He said "I remember, also, to have seen a gentleman, Mr. Peter, I think,
+going out gunning for canvas-backs, then called white-backs, which I
+have seen whitening the Potomac and which, when they arose, as they
+sometimes did for half a mile together, produced a sound like thunder."
+
+Just a few doors from this house was the famous Union Tavern, of which I
+have already said so much. The building was standing until a few years
+ago when it was replaced by a filling station. When it became
+Crawford's Hotel after John Suter, Jr., gave it up, again William Wirt
+comes into the picture:
+
+    Here I am at Crawford's. I am surrounded by a vast crowd of
+    legislators and gentlemen assembled for the races, which are to
+    commence tomorrow. The races amidst the ruins and desolation of
+    Washington.
+
+These gentlemen used to ride to and from the capitol in a large
+stage-coach with seats on top called the "Royal George."
+
+Among the other notable guests of the old hostelry were Louis Philippe,
+Jerome Bonaparte, Talleyrand, ex-Bishop of Autun when he was driven from
+France, John Adams, when as President in the early summer of 1800, he
+came down to look over his new field; Anthony Merry, Minister from
+England to the United States; Washington Irving, Count Volney, Humbolt,
+the geographer; Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat; Lorenzo
+Dow, the eccentric preacher; several young naval officers from the
+Tripolitan War; and John Randolph of Roanoke. I wonder if it was from
+this old tavern that that brilliant but erratic statesman went out
+across the Chain Bridge to fight his duel with Henry Clay? It is
+recorded by a marker, just at the end of the bridge on the Virginia
+side, and reads thus: "Near here Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke
+fought a duel April 8, 1826. Randolph had called Clay a 'Blackleg' in a
+speech. Both men were unhurt, but Randolph's coat was pierced by a
+bullet."
+
+John Randolph spent the night before the duel in quoting poetry and
+playing whist while his will was being amended.
+
+John Randolph must have liked George Town, for years afterwards when he
+lay very ill in his boarding place on Capitol Hill, he insisted on his
+body servant, Juba, getting him some water from George Town, no other
+would do. He called it "The water of Chios."
+
+Joseph Crawford, the proprietor of this hotel, was the principal manager
+in the unloading of the records and furniture belonging to the
+government when the ships bringing it from Philadelphia docked at Lear's
+Wharf. Abraham Bradley, who, as Assistant Postmaster General, had charge
+of the removal of that department, and Joseph Nourse, who was Registrar
+of the Treasury, may also have stopped at Crawford's until settled in
+their homes.
+
+Just opposite on the southeast corner of Bridge (M) and Washington
+(30th) Streets stood, until 1878, the Presbyterian Church, whose
+founder, Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch, was its pastor for fifty-two years.
+When it was first built in 1782, it was only about thirty feet square.
+In 1793 it was enlarged by extending the north front. In 1801-'02, it
+was further enlarged by extending it on the west side. For this purpose
+Thomas Jefferson helped by subscribing $75.00. In 1806 the trustees of
+the congregation were incorporated by Congress. They were: Stephen B.
+Balch, William Whann, James Melvin, John Maffitt, John Peter, Joshua
+Dawson, James Calder, George Thompson, Richard Elliott, David Wiley, and
+Andrew Ross. The first and only elder for some time was James Orme, son
+of Reverend John Orme, of Upper Marlborough. In 1821 a new building was
+erected. When Dr. Balch died in 1833, he was buried there, but when the
+congregation moved in 1878 and the church was torn down, his remains
+were taken to Oak Hill, where, with the original gravestone, they lie
+not far from the chapel and just north of the grave of John Howard
+Payne.
+
+[Illustration: OLD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH]
+
+On the northwest corner of Bridge (M) and Washington (30th) Streets
+lived a Mr. Lee; probably Thomas Sim Lee, whose home was the gathering
+place for the Federalists. Just beyond here, still on the north side
+where the two lovely old carved doorways remain unchanged, are the
+houses once owned by Henry Addison, who served as mayor of the Town from
+1845 to 1857 and again from 1861 to 1867. He was a hardware merchant,
+and in 1827 it was for him that the first steam fire engine was named.
+
+Mr. Hill lived in one of these houses and next door on the east lived
+Mr. Vanderwerken. He owned the line of omnibuses that ran along Bridge
+(M) Street and over to the city before there were street cars. The
+omnibuses bore the names of prominent people.
+
+There was a pump in the back yard on the line between these two houses.
+On each side of the fence was a handle on the pump so that it could be
+worked by both families. The water flowed smoothly until something
+caused a fuss between the two men, and one day, when Mr. Hill, who was a
+very large man, protruded over the fence, Mr. Vanderwerken got out his
+shotgun and peppered his shoulder!
+
+Across the street at number 3012 lived John Abbott, who came from
+Philadelphia with the transfer of the government in 1800.
+
+At number 3016 lived John Mountz who was Clerk of the Corporation for
+sixty-seven years, from the time of its beginning in 1789 up to 1856.
+
+Across the street again is the quaint little Stone House which has
+caused so much discussion. For many years tradition had said it was
+there that Major L'Enfant had his headquarters while he was mapping the
+new capital city. Then, someone said it had never been proved. So now we
+are waiting for proof. From its looks it was most certainly standing in
+those early days. If only it could speak and tell its own history!
+
+We do know it was bought as lot 3 in June, 1762, by John Boone for one
+pound, ten shillings. Two years later, as he had not improved it, it was
+bought by Christopher Leyhman for the same amount, and presumably, a
+house was built about that time. Apparently, by inheritance, it came to
+Rachel Furvey (formerly Rachel Leyhman), and in June, 1767, by deed, it
+became the property of Cassandra Chew, who made it over to her two
+daughters, Harriot, who married Richard Bruce, and Mary, who first
+married Richard Smith, and later, Mr. Bromley. Mary's daughter, Barbara
+Smith, married John Suter, Jr., and they lived in this house. This is
+supposed to have something to do with the claim that has been made that
+this building on lot 3 was Suter's Tavern.
+
+Almost next door on the west Mr. Claggett had a house. Again, across the
+street, on the southeast corner, is the building which, until recent
+years, housed the Farmers and Mechanics Bank. It was founded in 1814.
+When the Mexican War came, this bank enabled the government to pay the
+war debt. It has now been absorbed by the Riggs National Bank and moved
+further up the street. Before the building of the bank, John Peter, a
+nephew of Robert Peter, had a house on that corner. His house was a
+simple frame one, and back of it he had rabbit warrens and pigeon
+houses. He used to go often in the evenings the short distance to his
+uncle Robert's house for a game of whist, of which the old gentleman was
+very fond.
+
+Just above Bridge (M) Street on Congress (31st) Street stands the
+Georgetown post office, an imposing granite building. It is also the
+custom house of the District of Columbia.
+
+Near the corner of Congress (31st) Street lived W. King, and at number
+3119 was the house Thomas Corcoran built. He had come from Limerick,
+Ireland, to Baltimore in 1783 and entered business with his uncle,
+William Wilson, there. Soon after his marriage to Hannah Lemon, of
+Baltimore County, he came to George Town, intending to go on to
+Richmond, but being so impressed with the thriving little town, he
+decided to settle here. He first rented a house on Congress (31st)
+Street below Bridge (M) from Robert Peter, and started a business in
+leather. In 1791 he built this three-story house and there lived for
+many years. He was mayor five different terms from 1805, and also
+magistrate and postmaster for fifteen years until his death in 1830. It
+was in this house that a meeting was held in 1817 to found Christ
+Church.
+
+The Union Bank was on the north side of this block.
+
+On the southwest corner of Bridge (M) and High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+is the site of Gordon's Inspection House, and just west of here in 1791
+were three large tobacco sheds covering three acres. Here was the
+"Warehouse Lot," used by circuses when they came to town.
+
+Close by was the big warehouse of John Laird. It was after his death in
+1833 that the trade in tobacco began to decline.
+
+[Illustration: GENERAL JAMES MACCUBBIN LINGAN]
+
+[Illustration: BENJAMIN STODDERT]
+
+[Illustration: URIAH FORREST]
+
+From 1792 to 1795, number 3221 was the home of Dr. William Thornton, the
+architect of the Capitol; the Octagon House, built by John Tayloe; of
+Tudor Place, and also of Woodlawn. He was later the first Superintendent
+of Patents from 1802 until 1807.
+
+The old market stands where there always has been a market. Its upper
+stories used to be where the meetings of the Corporation of George Town
+were held.
+
+At number 3300 was the home of Paymaster David Whann.
+
+Midway between Market (33rd) and Frederick (34th) Streets, on the north
+side of Bridge (M) Street, General James Maccubbin Lingan had a large
+piece of property. I wonder if this advertisement inserted in a
+newspaper on April 22, 1801, describes this very place:
+
+    The subscriber offers for sale the houses and lots where he now
+    resides. The improvements are a commodious dwelling house, office,
+    kitchen, wash house, meat house, carriage house, a stable for five
+    horses, likewise a large and well cultivated garden and clover lot.
+    He will also sell the upper wharf and warehouses, all of which have
+    been lately built and well situated for receiving produce that may
+    come down the river.
+
+    J. M. LINGAN.
+
+General Lingan was of noted Scotch ancestry, the second child of Dr.
+Lingan. He was born in 1751, in Frederick County, Maryland. On his
+mother's side he was related to the Maccubbins, and to the Carrolls of
+Maryland. He came to George Town as quite a young man and went directly
+into the tobacco warehouse of a relative. In 1776 he was commissioned a
+lieutenant in the army. After the victory of the Battle of Long Island,
+he was captured at Fort Washington on November 16, 1776, his breast
+being pierced by a bayonet at that time. He was sent as a prisoner
+aboard the _Jersey_--the "Hell," as she was called. The conditions on
+board were terrific, and many of the prisoners died. When the coffin was
+brought for the body of one of his friends, it was found to be too
+short--the guards started to decapitate the body to make it fit. Young
+Lingan stood over the body and said he would kill them with his bare
+hands. So they brought a larger coffin.
+
+While he was still a prisoner there, his cousin, Admiral Sir Samuel
+Hood, of His "Satanic" Majesty's Navy, as Lingan called it, visited him
+and offered him L2,000 (pounds) and high rank in the British Army if he
+would return to his former allegiance. Lingan's answer was, "I'll rot
+here first!" And he almost did! He was cooped up in a space so short
+that he could not lie full length, so low that he could not stand erect.
+It was many months after his release before his cramped and agonized
+muscles allowed him to sleep except in an armchair.
+
+The reasons for wishing to obtain his defection were, first, the pride,
+and perhaps, affection of his connections in England. Lord North,
+himself, was one of these, and his cousin, Zachariah Hood was _persona
+gratia_ at the Court of St. James. Also, the affiliations and
+connections of his family in Maryland made his defection greatly to be
+desired. One of his sisters had married Thomas Plater, the son of
+Governor George Plater of Sotterley, and he was also related to the
+prominent Carroll family.
+
+At the conclusion of the war, General Lingan returned to George Town and
+farmed two estates he owned, both named after battles in which he had
+participated--Harlem and Middlebrook. He also was appointed collector
+of the port by General Washington himself. He was one of the original
+members of the Order of the Cincinnati.
+
+In later years he moved over to the city, his house then being in the
+neighborhood of Nineteenth, M and N Streets. He had a wife and children,
+many friends, and all was going well with him until the election year of
+1812. General Lingan was a Federalist in politics. The party organ was
+_The Federal Republican_, published in Baltimore and edited by Alexander
+Contee Hanson, whose wife was a near relative of Nicholas Lingan, the
+brother of James.
+
+War with England was declared on Friday, the 19th of June, 1812, and
+next day an editorial appeared in _The Federal Republican_, which was
+like a match set to a powder train. On Sunday, public meetings were held
+advocating the suppression of the paper, and on Monday, three or four
+hundred men and boys assembled at the office of the paper at Gay and
+Second Streets, in Baltimore, and destroyed the furniture and the house.
+
+The staff then removed to Georgetown where, although it was threatened
+from both Baltimore and Washington, it continued to publish the paper
+until July 26th, when Mr. Hanson went back to Baltimore to a small house
+on South Charles Street, accompanied by General Lingan, John Howard
+Payne, General Henry ("Light Horse Harry") Lee, and others. On the
+following day the paper was issued from that office, though it had been
+printed in Georgetown. It contained an attack on the State authorities
+for the outrage of June 22nd. This time the mob that gathered brought
+arms and ammunition. The twenty-seven gentlemen assembled in the office
+were also armed, "to defend the rights of person, and property, and the
+liberty of the press." At first only stones were used by the assailants,
+answered by volleys of blank cartridges. After scenes almost fantastic
+in fury, the gentlemen were finally overcome and marched to gaol for
+safety. But after dark another mob gathered round the gaol, and
+overcoming the guard, broke in. Mr. Gwynn pushed his way through a group
+of fifty men to General Lingan who was being knocked down by clubs, then
+jerked up to be knocked down again, while the outside ring of men
+bellowed, "Tory! Tory!" The only word General Lingan spoke to the mob
+was, when tearing open his shirt, he displayed the mark of the Hessian
+bayonet, still purple, and exclaimed, "Does this look as if I was a
+traitor?" Just then a stone struck the scar and he fell. As the last
+breath left his body, he murmured to a friend near by, "I am a dying
+man--save yourself."
+
+On this side of Bridge (M) Street, adjoining what was then Bank Street
+stood the Bank of Columbia, when it moved from a few blocks east. From
+old pictures, it looks much more like a stately home than a bank, and
+part of it was used as his home by William Whann, the cashier. Set far
+back on the hill, with columns on its facade and a Greek pediment, it
+was very handsome. Its first president was Samuel Blodgett; its second,
+General John Mason of Analostan Island. Across the street he had his
+town house.
+
+To this bank one day late in 1814, while he was Secretary of State, came
+James Monroe, on horseback, and asking for William Whann, told him that
+the government was entirely out of funds, and wanted a loan with which
+to dispatch General Andrew Jackson to New Orleans. Mr. Monroe pledged
+his own private fortune that the debt would be paid, and the money was
+turned over to him. The government at that time was not strong enough
+to levy heavier taxes for the conduct of the war with England, which was
+very unpopular in the New England States.
+
+The Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815--two weeks after
+peace had come--for a Treaty of Peace had been signed on Christmas Eve,
+and the great loss of life on the English side might have been avoided.
+
+Just beyond here on the corner, Mr. Thompson had a residence, and still
+a little further lived Mr. Warren. Just opposite, at number 3350, is one
+of the oldest houses in Georgetown and one of the most notable, for here
+Colonel Uriah Forrest was living in 1791 when on March 29th he gave that
+memorable dinner, referred to by General Washington, when the
+arrangements were made for the purchase of land on which to build the
+new City of Washington.
+
+What a scene that must have been! One can imagine the turtle soup, the
+fish and terrapin caught fresh from the river, wild ducks and ham with
+shoulders of mutton and all the vegetables and hot breads and other
+delectable foods for which Maryland is famous--for Uriah Forrest,
+himself a Marylander, had a Maryland wife, Rebecca Plater, the daughter
+of Governor Plater, whose home was Sotterley, in Saint Mary's County.
+
+In 1792 Colonel Forrest was mayor of George Town. Not long after this,
+Colonel Forrest purchased a large tract of land lying north of the town
+and there he built a country home which he called Rosedale, and to which
+he eventually retired for his permanent home. His descendants, the
+Greens, lived on at Rosedale until not so very many years ago. One of
+them, Mr. George Green, sold to President Cleveland, in his first
+administration, a stone cottage on the Rosedale estate which the
+President remodeled and made his summer home. It was called Red Top,
+from its turreted red roof, but its real name was Oak View. From it, the
+suburb, Cleveland Park, derives its name.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM MARBURY]
+
+Mr. Cleveland, in his second administration, used Woodley for his summer
+home. It had been a part of the Rosedale tract, and the house was built
+by Philip Barton Key, a brother-in-law of Colonel Forrest, for he also
+had married a Miss Plater.
+
+Mr. Key moved out of town and resided at Woodley, where he dispensed
+lavish hospitality until his death in 1817. Thomas Plater also had moved
+out from George Town and lived near by. He was the executor for Philip
+Barton Key. After Mr. Key's death, his widow went back into town and
+took up her residence on the corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st)
+Streets.
+
+After Colonel Forrest left the house on Bridge (M) Street, it was bought
+by William Marbury, who had come to Georgetown from Annapolis. He was a
+justice of the peace, a very responsible and honorable office in those
+days. It was in connection with his reappointment to the office that the
+controversy arose which resulted in the famous law case of MARBURY
+_versus_ MADISON, as James Madison, in his capacity as Secretary of
+State to Thomas Jefferson, was the Madison involved. The prominence of
+the case was because it was the first of those great opinions handed
+down by Chief Justice John Marshall in which he decided that the Supreme
+Court has the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
+
+[Illustration: PHILIP BARTON KEY]
+
+[Illustration: MRS. PHILIP BARTON KEY (ELIZABETH PLATER)]
+
+In 1814 Mr. Marbury became the first president of the Farmers and
+Mechanics Bank when it was organized; its cashier being Clement Smith,
+who, after the presidency of Thomas B. Beall, from 1817-1821, became the
+third president, and the only one in the history of that institution to
+be promoted to that office. Not many years ago, Mr. Marbury's picture,
+in his old-fashioned costume, was printed on the bank checks to impress
+the public with the antiquity of the institution.
+
+He was a very imposing looking gentleman, as was his son, John Marbury,
+who was eight years old when the family moved to Georgetown. Some years
+ago, one of his great-grandsons heard the family talking about
+"Grandfather's Bourbon nose." A little later he was found standing,
+gazing intently at the portrait of the old gentleman, and when asked,
+"Why such sudden interest?" he replied, "Where is the 'burb' on his
+nose?"
+
+John Marbury married and lived for some years on Gay (N) Street, near
+Market (33rd) Street. After his father's death, he moved to the old
+house on Bridge (M) Street in order to keep his mother company. He had a
+very large family, seven sons and six daughters. All of the daughters
+attended Miss English's Seminary, walking to and from school all winter
+wearing low-necked and short-sleeved dresses, covered only by a little
+cape. Not a case of poverty, I assure you, but of fashion! I was told
+this not long ago by a descendant, and of how they used to have to melt
+their gum shoes to get them on in cold weather. I think the names of a
+trio of their friends very amusing--Jerry Berry, Hetty Getty, and Jimmy
+Finney.
+
+The house had a large garden in the rear and spacious rooms where they
+entertained a great deal. Not long ago, I saw a fascinating drawing of
+a party in Georgetown in the fifties. It represented four musicians
+intent upon playing a bass viol, a cello, a violin, and a flute; a few
+of the company standing near by with curls and puffed coiffures, and
+among them a tiny man, side-whiskered, so short that he barely reached
+the shoulders of the ladies. He must, of course, have been Prince
+Iturbide. There was never anyone quite like him. He was a Mexican, here
+in the diplomatic service, and had married Miss Alice Green, a
+granddaughter of Uriah Forrest.
+
+At a party one evening at the Marbury's, a dispute arose between him and
+Baron Bodisco, the Russian Minister, who was also a resident of
+Georgetown. It ended in the prince calling the baron a liar, whereby the
+baron immediately knocked Prince Iturbide down. The little prince sprang
+onto a sofa and bounced up and down, shouting over and over again, "He
+knocked an Iturbide down; he knocked an Iturbide down!" as if he
+expected Mr. Marbury to straightway haul the baron off to be beheaded,
+at least. It was the last party given at the old house for many a day,
+as Mr. Marbury considered that they had been disgraced by their guests.
+
+Years after, when Madame Iturbide was left a widow in Mexico, the
+Emperor Maximilian wished to adopt her son, to which she gave her
+consent, but finding later that it meant complete separation from him,
+she kidnapped him and escaped to America.
+
+For two whole days after the Battle of Bull Run, the "Damn Yankees," as
+the Marburys called them, poured over the nearby bridge from Virginia at
+a dog-trot and dropped from exhaustion on the steps of this house and
+the pavement. Mr. Marbury ordered all of the shutters to be kept tightly
+closed during that dreadful time.
+
+A little granddaughter of his, living there, went one day with a friend
+of hers to place flowers on the grave of a child of Jefferson Davis in
+Oak Hill Cemetery. They were arrested, and when it was discovered who
+she was, soldiers were sent to search the house. Mrs. Marbury had some
+letters from her nephews in the Confederate Army, and she hurriedly
+sewed them up in a chair, for she said the boys might be killed and she
+hated to destroy their letters. Many, many years after, on a summer day
+in the garret of an old house, not far from Leesburg, Virginia, three of
+Mrs. Marbury's great-grandchildren ripped them out of their long hiding
+place.
+
+Just a few doors west of this interesting old house stood another,
+somewhat smaller, which, until a few years ago, was in its original
+state of preservation. Now it has gone! It was the home of the author of
+our National Anthem. Here Francis Scott Key lived for twenty years. Here
+his eleven children were born, while he served three terms as District
+Attorney and engaged in the private practice of law.
+
+Everyone knows the story of how, hearing of the arrest of a friend, Dr.
+William Beanes, by the British, in the War of 1812, Mr. Key made the
+trip to Baltimore to see what he could do to help the old gentleman, who
+had done some very rash talking down in Prince Georges County. Mr. Key
+was a connection of Mrs. Beanes', who was a member of the Plater family.
+
+Mr. Key went on board the British man-of-war, under the command of
+Admiral Cockburn, called _The Red Devil of the Chesapeake_, lying
+opposite Fort McHenry, but was told by the captain that he would have to
+spend the night on board as a bombardment was about to take place.
+Imagine his sensations all through the night--no wonder that he burst
+forth into such a poem of love for his flag when he came on deck in the
+early morning and saw it "still there!"
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF FRANCIS SCOTT KEY]
+
+Poetry was only a side issue with Mr. Key. I have often thought how
+interesting it is that a man may work all the days of his life at his
+profession or vocation, and some avocation, like verse-making, may carry
+his name down to posterity; like Izaak Walton, who had an insurance
+business in London, but is remembered now only as a fisherman.
+
+Don't you imagine Mr. Key would have been amazed if he could have had a
+vision of the years to come, when on parade grounds all over this great
+land at sunset, every day, troops stand immovable at attention while the
+emblem of their country is being lowered for the night, and the strains
+of the music of his poem thrill all who hear it? "The Star-Spangled
+Banner" was first read by Mr. Key at a meeting of the George Town Glee
+Club.
+
+[Illustration: FRANCIS SCOTT KEY]
+
+Francis Scott Key was a nephew of Philip Barton Key, and a vestryman,
+like his uncle, of Saint John's Church. He was a fine, humanitarian
+gentleman. In a recent book, called _Father Takes Us to Washington_, he
+is accused of having treated his dozen slaves in a terrible manner. His
+great-grandson has just come out with a refutation of such treatment and
+said that Mr. Key freed all of his slaves before his death in 1843 and
+that he was one of the founders of the American Colonization Society,
+which had for its purpose the freedom of the Negroes and their
+colonization on the West Coast of Africa. Of course, it was in James
+Monroe's administration that Liberia was founded and its capital named
+Monrovia.
+
+In later life, Francis Scott Key moved to Frederick, Maryland, where he
+lies buried. The beautiful new bridge, only a stone's throw from his
+home, bears his name. It replaces the aqueduct bridge which was built
+about 1880, and before that, there was a bridge which carried the canal
+across the river to continue on its way to Alexandria. I cannot remember
+it, but I have been told that, looking across from the Virginia side, it
+was a very picturesque sight with its long arches reaching above the
+bridge, carrying its dripping load beneath, and standing against the
+western sky, the towers of Georgetown College.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter VIII
+
+_High Street, Prospect Avenue, the College, the Convent, and the
+Threlkelds_
+
+
+Up the hill from Bridge (M) Street on the east side of High Street
+(Wisconsin Avenue), a door or two above where the Farmers and Mechanics
+Branch of Riggs Bank now stands, was a fine old house where the Potomac
+Fire Insurance Company had its first home. But long before that, it was
+the home of Mrs. Caperton, whose son, Hugh Caperton, became a well-known
+lawyer here.
+
+At the present 1239 Wisconsin Avenue, where Becker's Paint Store has
+been for a good many years, was the house which Robert Peter gave to his
+eldest daughter, Elizabeth, when, at the age of sixteen, she married her
+cousin, James Dunlop, in 1787. This old letter gives some news about the
+wedding.
+
+It is addressed to: John Davidson, Esq., Merchant, Annapolis:
+
+    George Town August 17th, 1787
+
+    Dear Sir:
+
+    Without any ceremony or preamble I have undertaken to enclose you
+    the measure for a pair of Stays, not that I suppose that you are to
+    make them, but that you may undertake to engage Mrs. Davidson's
+    interest to undertake the direction of them.
+
+    They are for a daughter of mine who is tollerably nice, and she will
+    not consent to trust the business entirely to the Staymaker, nor,
+    it seems, to any other Lady in Annapolis but Mrs. Davidson, so that
+    you see what a deal of trouble I have brought her into, by having
+    often observed in my daughter's hearing how that Mrs. Davidson
+    seemed to me to be in all things about her Family, in short the Girl
+    has taken it into her head that she is old enough to become a wife,
+    and does not only beg of Mrs. Davidson to direct as to her Stays,
+    but wishes she would take the trouble of procuring some Paterns of
+    silks fit and suitable for what they call a Wedding Gown, with the
+    prices paid or annexed to the Patterns, and when the choice is made
+    I suppose the next favor will be of Mrs. Davidson to direct as to
+    the making of it. Mrs. Davidson must take the cause of all this
+    trouble to herself, for if she did not merit the charge she would
+    not have had the trouble. I am just now interrupted by receiving a
+    further commission, to wit for a crepe cushion made by the best and
+    most fashionable Barber in Annapolis, and a lock of the color wanted
+    is enclosed. I want everything good and fashionable, but you know we
+    old Fellows like everything as cheap as they can be got to have them
+    good. I leave everything to yours and Mrs. Davidson's good
+    management, but, at the same time, it would appear as if there was
+    some expedition. The samples and prices of the silk I will be
+    obliged by your sending by post, the Stays and Cushion perhaps you
+    may be able to forward by Miss Patty Lingan who will be coming down
+    in nine or ten days, as I am informed. I am just now tortured with
+    black guard consignment business and therefore I conclude by
+    remaining Your Very Humble Servant,
+
+    ROBERT PETER.
+
+They were married in October and had eight children, all but one of whom
+lived to maturity.
+
+In 1792, five years after their marriage, James Dunlop bought an estate
+of 700 acres known as "Hayes," seven miles out in Montgomery County;
+this later became their permanent residence. It had been built in 1762
+by the Reverend Alexander Williamson, rector of Rock Creek Church (now
+St. Paul's), until he resigned in 1776, being a Tory. In history, he is
+called the "Sporting Parson" because of his love for fox-hunting and
+cock-fighting.
+
+The back lawn of this house was the bowling green and the old balls are
+still in the attic there. Also, there is still there an old rose bush
+bearing small white roses, which was planted by Elizabeth Peter Dunlop.
+This was my summer home when I was a girl and is now in possession of my
+eldest brother.
+
+Just above number 1239 is the crook in High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+and, until a few years ago, I never knew why it was that way: actually,
+it follows the line of the grant of the Rock of Dumbarton, which was
+surveyed that way. The reason the streets on the west side of High
+Street (Wisconsin Avenue) don't match those on the east side is because
+they were laid out by different owners.
+
+Just about here is the Aged Woman's Home, standing high above the
+street. It was founded in 1868 with a gift of $15,000 from Mr. W. W.
+Corcoran. It houses fourteen women. In all these years there have been
+only three Presidents of the Board: Mrs. Beverley Kennon, Miss Emily
+Nourse, and the present one, Mrs. Louis Freeman. The back part of the
+house is what is left of the home of John Lutz, who had a good deal of
+land around his house when he built it nearly two hundred years ago.
+
+In days gone by, the Aged Woman's Home was partly supported by
+contributions collected by women who were members of the Benevolent
+Society, who went from door to door with a book in which amounts to be
+given were subscribed.
+
+On the southeast corner of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and Gay (N)
+Street, just above here has been conducted, since 1861, the grocery
+business of H. W. Fisher and Son, first was the grandfather, known as
+Henry, whom I remember, with a long grey beard; then his son of the same
+name, known as Wellen, and now his son, Henry. I am told by an old
+resident that the first telephone in Georgetown was in the Fisher's
+store, as it is known, and that when people wanted to phone, they went
+there and used it.
+
+I was fed from Fisher's all my young life, and I imagine my father was
+one of their best customers, as he had eleven children and multitudes of
+relatives in Maryland and Virginia, who came to stay whenever they
+wished to visit Washington City. So you can rather imagine the
+consternation of the elder Mr. Fisher when, one hot afternoon, as he was
+clearing out his crate of tomatoes just before closing time and, as was
+the custom in those long ago days, picked up a large, over-ripe one and
+threw it out, as he supposed into the gutter, that, instead, it landed
+on the stiff "boiled shirt" bosom of Mr. George T. Dunlop! I never knew
+of this occurrence until I was told of it many years after by Mr. Wellen
+Fisher, who said his father always said it never made any difference to
+Mr. Dunlop.
+
+On the other side of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), coming up from
+Bridge (M) Street, on the corner was the hardware store of Edward M.
+Linthicum; later Henry Addison had a dry goods store there.
+
+A little farther up, in the nineties, was Joe Schladt's, the saloon of
+the Town. We all knew about it, but, of course, no lady ever entered it.
+There were, however, three or four very well-known gentlemen who entered
+it very frequently, and had a good deal of difficulty reaching their
+homes every evening.
+
+Then we come to 1254 Wisconsin Avenue, Stohlman's, which, ever since
+1820, has dispensed a very different form of refreshment--ice cream.
+First it was Arnold's Bakery, then, in 1845, the business was sold to
+Mr. and Mrs. May; then, in 1865, to Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Stohlman, she
+being the niece of Mrs. May; then to J. William Stohlman, father of the
+present owner by the same name, and they are still serving the "elite of
+Georgetown" not only with ice cream, but other dainties. Back in my
+girlhood it was "quite the thing" to go down to Stohlman's and have a
+saucer of ice cream in the back parlor at one of the little
+marble-topped tables.
+
+Right next door is Forrest Hall. Here, at one corner of the property,
+was one of the original stones marking the northern border of Georgetown
+when it was surveyed, No. 46. On this lot stood the Union Bank and then,
+in 1855, Bladen Forrest, (not a descendant of Colonel Uriah Forrest),
+built this large and very good-looking building.
+
+The enlisted men of the battalion of the Second U. S. Infantry were
+quartered in Forrest Hall for a time at the beginning of the Civil War.
+Later it was used as a hospital for Union soldiers. After that, the
+Georgetown Assemblies were held there for several years, and various
+other affairs. I remember a fete called a "Chocolatere" when I was a
+little girl, and going to it with my mother, and seeing three pretty
+girls dressed in Japanese costume singing "Three Little Girls from
+School Are We." I think that was not so very long after the _Mikado_
+made its debut.
+
+On the northwest corner of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and Prospect
+Street, the building which has an interesting cornice and roof is where
+W. W. Corcoran started his career, in the dry goods business.
+
+Just beyond was a market; I think it was called a "Farmers' and
+Butchers' Market," an offshoot of the old Market on Bridge (M) Street. I
+remember going there when I was a little girl with my mother, and her
+buying vegetables from a Dutch woman, Mrs. Hight. I have always
+remembered her rosy, smiling face, and her stall of gay, vari-colored
+vegetables. She had a farm out on the Rockville Pike, and I think of it
+sometimes when I pass.
+
+High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) nowadays has become the center of antique
+shops, there are many of them, also now there are dress shops and
+accessories of all kinds.
+
+Then we go along Prospect Street, which was named for the tract of land
+belonging to Benjamin Stoddert, called "Pretty Prospect."
+
+On the corners of Potomac Street are two quaint, little houses. On the
+southeast corner of Frederick (34th) and Prospect Streets stands an
+apartment house, which, before a false front was added a few years ago
+when it was converted, was the dignified brick house where Benjamin
+Stoddert lived and entertained in most hospitable style.
+
+[Illustration: BENJAMIN STODDERT'S HOUSE]
+
+He named his home "Halcyon House," and what a suitable and lovely name
+for one in his business, and one who had settled here after his service
+in the Revolution. For the halcyon was a fabled bird, whose nest floated
+upon the sea. It had the power of charming winds and waves, hence,
+"halcyon days" are days of tranquillity and peace. He had married
+Rebecca Loundes, the daughter of Christopher Loundes, of Bladensburg.
+They had several children. Mrs. Stoddert writes thusly of them on a
+day when they must have been particularly trying:
+
+    I wonder that you can be so anxious to see my children, for a parcel
+    of rude, disagreeable brats as ever was born, except the two
+    youngest.
+
+She writes another letter on the 15th of December, 1799, in which she is
+evidently condoling with someone, and says she "hopes Nancy was not
+disappointed at having a fine girl;" she is sure of "Richard's feelings
+on the subject, for the men always are, if they would but own it, after
+having one daughter, all but sons are unwelcome." She goes on to say,
+"But they may comfort themselves, but I will be security that the next
+one will be a son."
+
+What marvelous necromancy this lady must have possessed--in her own
+opinion--worth a gold mine if it could really be true!
+
+From his southern dormer windows, tradition says, Major Stoddert used to
+watch with his telescope for the coming of some of those ships that he
+and Colonel Forrest and Colonel Murdock sent out across the ocean.
+
+On May 17, 1798, he was appointed Secretary of the Navy, being the first
+to hold that position, and so remained until March 1, 1807.
+
+On May 29, 1800, he wrote thusly from Philadelphia (where he was engaged
+by his cabinet duties), to his near neighbor, John Templeman, on the
+corner just one block west of him, the old house which stood for so
+many, many years unoccupied:
+
+    Dear Sir:
+
+    The Pres. will be at Washington by the time you receive this, or a
+    day or two after. He proposes to stay but a little while. I wish he
+    would remain longer. This and other good things will depend on the
+    manner of employing his time. I request, therefore, that setting
+    Bashfulness at defiance, you will urge the Pres. to go to the balls,
+    to ride with you in your coach, and to get Mr. Scott at least to go
+    with you. Let the Pres. be pleased with the attention and with the
+    country.
+
+    I am resp. yrs.,
+
+    BEN STODDERT.
+
+    Barring accidents, I expect to be in Geo. Town the 14th of June.
+
+After Benjamin Stoddert's death, this house was given by William Whann
+as a wedding present to his only child, Anna Maria, on her marriage to
+Benjamin Mackall, the son of Leonard Mackall. Their son, General William
+W. Mackall, was a graduate of West Point in the class with General
+Grant. He served with distinction in the Mexican War and later in the
+Confederate Army. Shortly after the close of the Civil War, General
+Grant gave a reception at the White House to the Aztec Society, composed
+of officers who served in the War with Mexico and their descendants.
+General Mackall went to it clad in his grey uniform and was most
+cordially received by his old comrades.
+
+Still later than the Mackalls, this house was occupied by Mr. Martineau,
+Minister from the Netherlands, and then by the Pairo family.
+
+To return to Mr. Templeman's house which he built about 1788. He was
+president of the Bank of Columbia; also an owner of ships, and, as a
+side issue, had:
+
+    For Sale--At John Templeman's Store.
+       Whisky, Firkin Butter, Linseed Oil, and Flour.
+    George Town June 20, 1800.
+
+Those ships which carried tobacco across 3,000 miles of ocean didn't
+fill their holds with bricks as ballast on the way back, as we used to
+be told; there were too many better things needed here. And there was
+plenty of clay right here to burn brick. Even in the early days of
+Jamestown there were brick factories of which there are records and
+"English Brick" meant made by specifications of English brick.
+
+The Templeman family lived here for three generations until the Civil
+War. Then it belonged to Franklin Steele, whose three daughters were
+Mrs. Morris, Mrs. Arthur Addison, and Mrs. Edward Macaulay.
+
+"Old Mrs. Morris," as she was called, lived there many years alone and
+was always complaining to my father that the new building of the Capital
+Traction Company was undermining her house and was knocking it down. It
+still stands firm. It was finally "done over" a few years ago, and
+eventually bought by James E. Forrestal, when he became Secretary of the
+Navy, and was still his home when he resigned as our first Secretary of
+Defense, and then ended his life tragically May 12, 1949, by leaping
+from a window of the Naval Hospital at Bethesda.
+
+The house was leased for two or three years to the Government and called
+"Prospect House." It was used by the State Department as a "guest
+house," where such honored persons as the Shah of Iran, Monsieur Vincent
+Auriol, President of France, and several Presidents of Latin American
+countries, and other officials, stayed. The State Department often used
+it for dinner parties. Its garden which used to be terraced down to the
+river, and quaint little gazebo are still lovely. It has recently been
+purchased by Representative Thurmond Chatham of North Carolina.
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF DR. CHARLES WORTHINGTON]
+
+Just across from Mr. Templeman's house on the northeast corner is one of
+the loveliest houses left in Georgetown. It stood for many years
+unchanged and unoccupied until a few years ago, when it was bought by
+Sir Wilmott Lewis, the representative in Washington for a long time of
+the _London Times_.
+
+It was built by John Thomson Mason, (not General John Mason, whose home
+was on Bridge Street). It was acquired in 1810 by Dr. Charles
+Worthington, who came to George Town in 1783 from Sumner Hill in Anne
+Arundel County. He previously owned a house on the southwest corner of
+Bridge (M) and Market (33rd) Streets, and, later on, bought this house.
+He called his home "Quality Hill." His family lived there for many years
+until about 1856, when they moved up to the Heights and bought a house
+on Road Street. The family of James Kearney lived there then, until
+about twenty years ago. Dr. Worthington was one of the original members
+of Saint John's Church and first president of the District of Columbia
+Medical Society.
+
+Dr. Charles Worthington was an austere man, very dignified and serious.
+To his latest day, he dressed in the old style; his hair in queue, knee
+breeches, long stockings, and buckles on his shoes. He drove a
+coach-and-four when going to his country place out on the Seventh Street
+Road near Brightwood. He was a man of great ability and zeal. He lived
+to be 76 years old, having practiced medicine 55 years. His son,
+Nicholas, followed in his profession.
+
+Another block westward on this street stood Prospect Cottage, a charming
+little home where Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth lived in the sixties and
+wrote her many novels--one for every year of her life. This house was
+for a time the home of the League of American Pen Women.
+
+Just about a block northward stands Holy Trinity Catholic Church,
+referred to sometimes in old newspapers as The Roman Church. The present
+large edifice, facing on Lingan (36th) Street, was first built in 1849,
+but the original church is the small building at the back of it, high up
+from First (N) Street. The earliest marriage recorded there is April 6,
+1795; the first baptism, May 14, 1795, signed by Reverend Francis Neale,
+S. J., who was the first pastor. But the lot had been purchased some
+years before by Bishop Carroll.
+
+The building was erected by Alexander Doyle, putting in his own means in
+addition to contributions from others. This church was virtually owned
+by the college and was used for the college commencements until 1832.
+
+Georgetown College, now a university, stands like a fortress at the
+western boundary of the town. Its lovely chimes float out over the town
+at every quarter of the hour. Only one of the original buildings in old,
+red brick still stands behind the grey stone modern halls. The north
+building was put up first, and by 1797, students began to lodge in it.
+There were 57 boarders at that time. The college was opened in 1789--its
+founder being John Carroll, a member of the famous Maryland family, who
+was consecrated Bishop at Lulworth Castle in England, but returned
+immediately to this country. There is a fine seated statue of him just
+in front of the main building. In 1806 it passed under the control of
+the Jesuits, and in 1815, it was raised to the rank of a university. The
+observatory of Georgetown, founded by Reverend James Curley in 1842, is
+one of the oldest in this country.
+
+In 1830 Jonathan Elliot wrote of the college:
+
+    On entering the College, every pupil shall pay ten dollars. He shall
+    bring a mattress, a pillow, two pillow cases, two pairs of sheets,
+    four blankets and a counterpane, or pay $6.00 per annum for the use
+    of bed and bedding. He must also bring with him one suit of clothes,
+    as a uniform--which is in winter a blue cloth coat and pantaloons
+    with a black velvet waistcoat; in summer white pantaloons with a
+    black silk waistcoat are used. He must likewise bring with him two
+    suits for daily wear, for which no particular color is prescribed;
+    six shirts, six pairs of stockings, six pocket handkerchiefs, three
+    pairs of shoes, a hat and a cloak or great coat, also a silver
+    spoon. These articles if not brought by the student will be
+    furnished by the College and included in the first bill.
+
+    The pension for board, washing, mending and mending materials, use
+    of books (philosophical and mathematical excepted), pens, ink, and
+    writing paper, slates and pencil, is $150. Medical aid and medicine,
+    unless parents choose to run the risk of a doctor's bill in case of
+    sickness, $3.00 per annum. All charges must be paid half-yearly in
+    advance.
+
+    With regard to pocket money it is desired that all students should
+    be placed on an equality and that it should not exceed 12-1/2 cents
+    per week; and whatever is allowed must be deposited in the hands of
+    the directors of the College. Half-boarders are received on the
+    usual terms, viz. $5 entrance and $65 for board per annum.
+
+    Day scholars $5 for fuel and servants, as no charge is made for
+    tuition. The College has been established 45 years and not a single
+    death has taken place among the students.
+
+This was in spite of the fact that the young men, winter and summer,
+washed at the pump!
+
+Early in 1861 several volunteer regiments, including the 69th New York
+and the 79th Pennsylvania Regiments, arrived in Georgetown. The 69th
+was mustered into service in the grounds of Georgetown College, where it
+was afterwards quartered. The 79th Pennsylvania Regiment was clad in
+their distinctive Scottish kilts, plaids, and striped stockings, and had
+a band of pipers at their head.
+
+The Georgetown College students showed where their sympathies were by an
+ostentatious display of a badge fastened upon the lapel of the
+coat--tri-color for the Union, and blue for disunion.
+
+Just west of the college used to be a pond which was a very popular
+resort for skaters in the winter season.
+
+Not far away is another well-known Catholic institution, for the
+education of the other sex--the oldest Visitation Convent in the
+country--having on its list of alumnae many well-known names.
+
+When Father Neale came from Philadelphia to George Town in 1798 to
+become president of the college, he found living on Fayette (35th)
+Street, near by, three ladies belonging to the Order of Poor Clares.
+This order was founded in Assisi long ago by Sister Clare, a devoted
+friend of Saint Francis of Assisi, and is similar to the Franciscans.
+The three ladies were members of the French nobility who had been driven
+from their convent in France during the Revolution in 1793 and, coming
+to this country, had set up a little convent not far from the college.
+They attempted to keep a school as a means of support, but had a very
+difficult time. Once, it is told, they were reduced to such poverty that
+they had to sell a parrot, which they had as a pet, in order to save
+themselves from starvation. These women, barefooted, according to the
+rule of their order, came of noble blood and had been born to luxury.
+One of them was Mary de la Marche, who advertised in the newspaper
+salves and eyewashes for sale.
+
+In 1799 Father Neale sent back to Philadelphia for three devoted
+religious friends from Ireland, who wished to found a convent. They were
+Alice Tabor, Maria McDermott, and Louise Sharpe. For a few months they
+boarded with the Poor Clares, but a little later Father Neale bought a
+house and lot nearby and installed them in it. They became known as The
+Pious Ladies. On May 18, 1801, Mary de la Marche advertised the two
+houses of the Poor Clares for sale, but apparently they did not sell
+them at that time, for, in 1804, after the death of the Abbess, Madame
+de la Rochefoucault, who succeeded her, sold the convent to Bishop
+Neale, and the remaining ladies returned to France.
+
+The Pious Ladies slowly increased in numbers, keeping their school and
+struggling against poverty, all the time endeavoring to become
+established as members of the Visitation Order. At last their hope and
+ambition came to pass, and, in 1816, they were regularly established as
+the Georgetown Visitation Convent.
+
+Across the street from the Convent grounds, a lovely big meadow until it
+was partly taken over in World War II for a housing project, are the
+Volta Bureau for the Deaf and two interesting houses.
+
+Mrs. Gilbert Grosvenor, the daughter of Alexander Graham Bell, has very
+kindly given me this wonderful letter about them:
+
+    My grandfather, Alexander Melville Bell, lived on the corner of 35th
+    Street and Volta Place in the house since occupied by Mr. Walter
+    Lippman, (but not at present).
+
+    Following my father's removal to Washington in about 1879, his
+    father and mother changed their residence from Brantford, Ontario,
+    to Georgetown. With them were their three nieces, the Misses
+    Symonds, who were my father's double cousins. At the back of the
+    35th Street property was an old stable which my father converted
+    into a laboratory, and he carried on experiments there almost until
+    the time of his death. He would come out nearly every afternoon to
+    his laboratory and visit with his parents before returning home in
+    the evening.
+
+    It was also our custom to have dinner with my grandfather and
+    grandmother on Sundays. They were very jolly times and my
+    grandfather always had a jar of candy for the grandchildren and
+    games which we could all play. He was very popular with all the
+    young people, being jolly, and looked a little like the usual idea
+    of Santa Claus, with his gray beard and hair.
+
+    Shortly after my grandfather came to live in Georgetown, his
+    brother, Mr. David Charles Bell and Mrs. Bell, followed him from
+    Brantford to Washington and bought the house next door. With them at
+    that time, keeping house for them, was Miss Aileen Bell. She was
+    noted in the family as having turned down Bernard Shaw's offer of
+    marriage in her young days, Bernard Shaw having been a great friend
+    of her brother, Mr. Chichester Bell, and having visited with the
+    family when they lived in Dublin, Ireland. Mr. David Bell had in his
+    young days moved to Dublin to carry on the career of his father,
+    Alexander Bell, as a teacher of elocution. His wife had a school for
+    young ladies. Another son of the family was Mr. Charles J. Bell,
+    later president of the American Security and Trust Company, who
+    later married my mother's sister, Roberta Hubbard, and came to
+    reside in Washington.
+
+    Mr. David Charles Bell was a very handsome man, but very irascible,
+    and the young people were quite afraid of him. He and his brother
+    had numerous vehement arguments as to whether Shakespeare or Bacon
+    wrote Shakespeare's plays. My grandmother was eleven or twelve years
+    older than her husband, so my grandfather did most of the marketing,
+    and I understand it used to be quite a sight on Saturday morning to
+    see the two old gentlemen, Mr. David and Mr. Melville Bell, going to
+    market with baskets over their arms. Notwithstanding all their
+    arguments, they were very devoted to each other.
+
+    Miss Aileen Bell was very musical and was one of the founders of the
+    Friday Morning Music Club and other musical clubs. She was the
+    organist and choir leader in Christ Church, Georgetown. She was
+    always very punctilious in her attendance and I remember her talking
+    about her church.
+
+    Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bell and their family also used to come out on
+    Sundays to see their parents, but they usually came to supper. The
+    family as a whole were very devoted. Mr. Chichester Bell, you may
+    recall, was the co-inventor with my father and Mr. Tainter of the
+    phonograph. The wax records that are used today are their invention
+    and their company, the Columbia Phonograph Company, operated under
+    their patents.
+
+    After my grandfather's death, the house came into my father's
+    possession, and he gave it to the American Association to Promote
+    the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf, now called the Volta Speech
+    Association. It was used for a time as the home of the
+    Superintendent. My father still continued to use his laboratory.
+    Some years later, when the Association needed money, it was sold and
+    the proceeds used to carry on the work of the Association. My father
+    was very much interested in the work of the Volta Bureau and one
+    winter, when my mother was away, he lived at the Volta Bureau,
+    compiling some of his scientific data. He had a way when he became
+    absorbed in work of forgetting to eat or sleep, and the person that
+    brought his dinner tray would often find his luncheon tray
+    untouched.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN THRELKELD]
+
+Just north of the convent grounds is the site of the estate of Berleith,
+which had been built by Henry Threlkeld. He had, in 1751, married Mrs.
+Mary Hopkins, a daughter of Dr. Gustavus Brown of Maryland, and widow of
+Reverend Matthew Hopkins. Henry Threlkeld died in 1781, his widow in
+1801. Their one child, John, was married in 1787 to Elizabeth Ridgely,
+of Maryland. Two years before his marriage he visited England, one
+object of his trip being to secure a legacy which he converted into gold
+and brought back with him. He landed in England at Dover, which he
+described as being "about the size of George Town," the voyage having
+taken nearly two months--from October 6th to December 3rd. In his
+journal he wrote of having gone to the House of Commons to hear "Mr.
+Pitt open the budgett, Mr. Fox followed, and then Mr. Sheridan replied
+to Mr. Pitt."
+
+Of John Threlkeld, an old paper states that "he was well and very widely
+known as a fine scholar and a man of great benevolence." He was mayor of
+George Town in 1793 and a personal friend of Thomas Jefferson. He was
+remembered as a handsome figure on horseback, even in his late years,
+and his love of following the hounds is a family tradition. The comments
+made by him in this connection during his stay in England are
+interesting. After describing the journey by coach past fine estates
+with "one-half the fields as green as spring with grass," he added, "and
+but one horse have I seen in the course of thirty miles at pasture, and
+here I must take notice of their boasting in America of their hunters
+leaping the five-bar gates." He goes on to explain how the measurements
+were taken, and concludes, "but still their horses vastly surpass ours."
+
+John and Elizabeth Threlkeld had four children, but the only son died in
+infancy, so the name disappeared, and the family is represented only by
+the descendants of their daughter, Jane, who married John Cox.
+
+[Illustration: COLONEL JOHN COX]
+
+
+
+
+Chapter IX
+
+_Along First Street (N) from Cox's Row to High Street (Wisconsin Ave.)_
+
+
+On the northeast corner of First Street (N) and Frederick (34th) Street
+stands the row of houses which John Cox built. Colonel Cox was for many
+years most prominent in all the affairs of Georgetown, serving as its
+Mayor longer than any other one man from 1823 to 1845--22 years. John
+Cox was of English descent. He was born in 1775 during the Revolution,
+was the youngest of four children, and being left an orphan as a small
+child, was raised by an uncle who was a banker in Baltimore. He later
+lived for a while in Philadelphia, and from there came to Georgetown. He
+first married Matilda Smith, a sister of Clement Smith, well known as
+the first cashier of the Farmers' & Mechanics Bank, later its president.
+They had three children, one of whom was named Clement. By his second
+marriage to Jane Threlkeld he had seven children.
+
+In the War of 1812 he served as a Colonel. He was a large property owner
+in Georgetown, besides being a well-to-do merchant. He built the row of
+houses on First (N) Street, called by his name and lived for a while in
+the house on the corner. That must have been during the period of his
+first marriage, for after Jane Threlkeld became his wife they built a
+lovely house on part of the Berleith estate, next door to the old
+Threlkeld which had been burned, and called it The Cedars. It stood
+where the Western High School now stands, and it is difficult to
+realize now that there, in my memory, was a home surrounded by a mass of
+trees and vines and was most delightfully private and charming. It was a
+quaint and lovely old cream-colored mansion, a portico on its north
+front, two long piazzas as usual, along the south side of the house. In
+later years I myself went there to the private school kept by the Misses
+Earle, whose father, George Earle purchased the place.
+
+Colonel Cox was celebrated as a dandy. "He would saunter down town in
+silk stockings and pumps, not getting a spot upon himself, while other
+men would be up to their ankles in mud, for in those days there were no
+pavements." Stepping-stones were placed at the corners of the streets
+standing rather high above the roadway to facilitate the pedestrians.
+
+Colonel Cox had moved up to The Cedars when, as mayor in 1824, it fell
+to his lot to act as host for Georgetown to the Marquis de Lafayette,
+when he made his famous visit.
+
+A new arrival was imminent in the Cox family, so it was not advisable to
+have the party, which he wished to give, at his home. Consequently, he
+used one of these houses which was vacant at that time, number 3337; had
+it furnished from top to bottom, his eldest daughter, Sally, acting in
+her mother's place as hostess for the distinguished party invited to
+meet the hero of the hour.
+
+It is said that one young lady in her enthusiasm fell upon her knees
+before the Marquis and impressed a kiss upon his hands. There was a
+fashion in those days of decorating the floor by painting a pattern
+around the edges with colored chalks--garlands of roses entwined with
+the flags of the two countries. A marvelous supper was served; it is
+said it included 600 reed birds. It is to be hoped it also included
+other things more substantial than this high-sounding but sparsely
+covered game.
+
+The coach of Colonel Cox was at the disposal of the honored guest during
+the period of his stay. When he made his formal entry into the District
+of Columbia, having come by way of Baltimore, he was escorted by a troop
+of cavalry from Montgomery County commanded by my grandfather, Captain
+Henry Dunlop, a Georgetonian, then farming the family plantation, Hayes,
+seven miles north of town.
+
+Tradition says that number 3337 had a tunnel leading to the river. Some
+such large opening was discovered when the owner excavated recently to
+make a pool in the garden. In 1860 this house was the home of William A.
+Gordon, for many years chief of the quartermaster's department. It was
+from here that his eldest son of the same name left to enter the
+Confederate Army. William A. Gordon, senior, born in Baltimore, had gone
+to the Military Academy at West Point, and while there a terrible cry
+arose about the poor quality of food furnished for the cadets. Mr.
+Gordon was one of the three young men selected by the corps to go to
+Washington to interview the President on the subject. The answer he gave
+them was that he would see that conditions at the Academy were remedied,
+but his advice to them was to send in their resignations immediately, as
+there would be no career there for them after this.
+
+From about 1865 to 1892 Mr. and Mrs. William Laird, Jr., made this
+house their home. Mr. Laird was for forty years cashier of the Farmers'
+and Mechanics' Bank, and was greatly respected. When he resigned he was
+presented by the officials with a very handsome silver punch bowl, ladle
+and tray and a large silver loving cup. He died suddenly a month or two
+after giving up his business and his widow did not survive him long.
+Mrs. Laird was Anna Key Ridgely, a charming person. They had no
+children, nor had his brother, who never married, so this name, long so
+honored here, has disappeared from Georgetown.
+
+To return to the corner house. It was for several years the home of
+Commodore Charles Morris, one of the eminent officers of the early U. S.
+Navy. He made a remarkable record in the War with Tripoli, his earliest
+achievement being on the occasion of the recapture and destruction of
+the frigate _Philadelphia_ in the harbor of Tripoli in 1804. Midshipman
+Morris, then nineteen years old, volunteered for the service and was the
+first to stand on the deck of the _Philadelphia_ and commence the work
+of destruction. At the beginning of the War of 1812 he held the rank of
+lieutenant--and became executive officer of the _Constitution_, Captain
+Isaac Hull being in command.
+
+On the 17th of July, 1812, a very calm day, the frigate met a fleet of
+British vessels, and the enemy thought they had an easy prize, but by a
+combination of towing and kedging by means of the _Constitution's_ boats
+and anchors, an extraordinary escape was made which, as Captain Hull
+stated at the time, was conceived by Lieutenant Morris. Its successful
+execution commanded the admiration of his countrymen and won the
+applause even of the British officers.
+
+Commodore Morris was chosen to escort Lafayette back to France on the U.
+S. S. _Brandywine_, and while on a visit to the general his portrait was
+painted by Amy Shaffer and sent back to Mrs. Morris as a gift from the
+Marquis.
+
+In 1842 the property was bought by James Keith who was a great friend of
+General Washington, Mr. Keith's daughter married Mr. Forrest, and their
+son French Forrest was an officer in the United States Navy, but like
+many others in this part of the world, went into the Southern Navy
+during the Civil War. At the time of his funeral W. W. Corcoran, who was
+a very intimate friend, was a pall-bearer. In those days it was the
+style for the mourners to wear a long streamer of crepe around their
+hats and hanging down a foot or two. Little Douglas Forrest, the son of
+the deceased, began to cry, saying he "wanted some funeral on his hat."
+Mr. Corcoran took him in hand and insisted that he should have his wish
+and be arrayed like the other mourners.
+
+In the other houses of that row lived, at number 3335, just before the
+Civil War, a family named Semmes from New Orleans who had several
+daughters considered very beautiful. Cora Semmes became the wife of
+Colonel Joseph Ives, a brilliant young engineer officer of the United
+States Army, who, although of Northern birth, espoused the Southern
+cause. He was put on General Lee's staff, and later transferred to be
+aide-de-camp to Jefferson Davis where, in Richmond he and his wife
+became prominent and useful in entertaining distinguished foreigners, as
+she was noted for her charm as well as her beauty.
+
+In number 3333 Judge Robert Ould resided. His father had been one of
+the founders of the Lancastrian School. Mattie Ould, whose name still is
+a synonym for grace, beauty and wit, spent her childhood here. After the
+Oulds went to Richmond this house was for a time the home of Henry
+Addison, while he was mayor. Later on the Cropleys lived in it.
+
+William Hunter lived for a great many years in number 3331, when he was
+Assistant Secretary of State. Women of my generation still remember him
+for his love of little children and his gifts to them of toys and
+goodies.
+
+Across on the southeast corner of First (N) Street and Frederick (34th)
+Street at 3340 is the house which Harry Hopkins, the great friend of
+Franklin D. Roosevelt, bought and moved to with his new wife and his
+daughter Diana, when they left the White House where they had been
+living for a year or more. This was his home at the time of his death.
+
+On this street used to live the Marburys before they moved to The
+Heights, and also the Wheatleys of whom there were several households in
+Georgetown in the latter part of the last century.
+
+A block eastward on the same side of the street is another row of
+charming old houses, built about 1800 by Colonel James Smith, "lately
+returned from the Revolutionary War." In the one on the corner of First
+(N) and Potomac Streets used to live Mrs. Gannt and her daughter Clare
+and Mrs. Gannt's sister Mrs. Smith. I think they were descendants of the
+builder of the row. Their old home was for a time occupied by Mr. and
+Mrs. Blair Thaw, the former a poet, the latter an artist.
+
+Third from the corner at 3259, in the middle of the 19th century lived
+Dr. Lewis Ritchie who had an extensive practice. I think he was the son
+of Dr. Joshua Ritchie. This house was the home of Hon. and Mrs. Lewis A.
+Douglas when he was the sole representative in Congress from Arizona.
+Later he was Director of the Budget and within recent years Ambassador
+to the Court of St. James. This house is now the home of Mrs. McCook
+Knox who is very well known in connection with the study of Early
+American Portraits and has been connected with the Frick Art Reference
+Library of New York since its inception. In the front room of the attic
+of 3259 were doors of rough hewn wood with old iron bolts leading into
+rooms of the two adjoining houses. The story is that in the War of 1812
+this row of houses used to be watched. A soldier would be stationed on
+the corner, but the "questionable person" never emerged, he could escape
+through the attic rooms and come out at the end of the row.
+
+No. 3257 is now the home of Hon. and Mrs. Richard B. Wigglesworth of
+Massachusetts.
+
+The old home of the Shoemaker family was at 3261. While he was Assistant
+Secretary of War it was the home of Hon. and Mrs. F. Trubee Davison and
+is now the home of Hon. and Mrs. James J. Wadsworth of New York.
+
+All of this part of Georgetown west of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue)
+used to be called Holy Hill, because of the great number of Irish who
+dwelt in the neighborhood. On Saint Patrick's Day there were parades and
+fights, and all kinds of excitement.
+
+There were also a good many respectable colored Catholics, and near
+here, on Potomac Street, dwelt a family of Coakleys. Magdalen Coakley
+thought she was the reincarnation of the Virgin Mary. She got herself
+up to look like the Virgin, in sweeping white robes and a sky-blue veil
+and cloak. She was not a very dark negress and had a fine countenance
+and striking figure. She used to go about the streets blessing little
+children and wanting to baptize them, followed, of course, by a string
+of boys making fun of her. She would go up to Trinity Church and stand
+by the door; but once she wanted to help the priest give Communion, so
+they had to forbid her coming. Of course the poor soul thought she was
+being persecuted, but she took it in a Christian manner and prayed all
+the harder, on the street and everywhere. She lived to be an old woman
+still wearing her picturesque costume.
+
+Her sister, Frances, was nurse for three generations for the Hein family
+whose home was at number 3249 N Street, now entirely changed by its
+modernized roof and steps.
+
+Samuel Hein had emigrated from Koenigsberg, Germany, as a young man, and
+had become an American citizen. He was fifty-six years in the Coast and
+Geodetic Survey, retiring as its disbursing officer. He was an ardent
+Union man, and during the four years of the Civil War kept the Stars and
+Stripes flying from one of his windows. All through the two terrible
+days after the Battle of Bull Run, when the Northern troops were
+streaming through Georgetown, Mr. Hein maintained a soup kitchen for the
+soldiers in his back yard. His wife was the daughter of John Simpson who
+lived on the corner of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and West (P)
+Streets. Her brother, James Alexander Simpson, was a rather well-known
+portrait painter. They were quite a musical and artistic family.
+
+One son Charles Hein was an artist and had his studio in a little frame
+house still standing on 31st (Congress) behind another house, opposite
+the post office. There he took pupils. He was very picturesque in
+appearance, tall and dark, wore a drooping mustache, low collar with
+flowing black cravat and wide-brimmed black hat and cape.
+
+Another son Col. O. L. Hein in an interesting book called _Memories of
+Long Ago_ tells this story:
+
+    One day in the spring of 1861, as I was passing the residence of the
+    pastor of St. John's Church, The Rev. Mr. Tillinghast, quite near
+    our house, I was attracted by the sight of a dashing young Cavalry
+    officer, who was showing off the paces of his handsome black charger
+    to the Minister. I lingered nearby, greatly enjoying the equestrian
+    performance, and upon its conclusion I was informed by the
+    clergyman, that the name of the young officer was William Orton
+    Williams, and that he was the military secretary of Lt. General
+    Winfield Scott.
+
+    In the following year I was shocked to read in a local newspaper the
+    account of the trial and conviction of Williams and his cousin, Lt.
+    W. G. Peter (resident of Georgetown) as spies under the assumed
+    names of General W. C. Auton and Major Dunlop, of the Union Army, by
+    a drumhead Court Martial, and their conviction and execution by
+    hanging. In recent years I was informed by my wife's mother, Mrs.
+    Ross, that she remembered Williams quite well, and that he was
+    engaged to Miss Anne Lee, the daughter of General R. E. Lee; but
+    that she died, on the outbreak of the Civil War. Mrs. Ross was a
+    cousin of General Lee, and a freqeunt visitor at Arlington before
+    the secession of Virginia.
+
+    Williams was of distinguished ancestry, the son of Capt. William G.
+    Williams, a graduate of West Point of the class of 1822, who was
+    mortally wounded at the Battle of Monterey, Mexico, while serving on
+    the staff of General Zachary Taylor, and his mother, America Peter
+    was the daughter of Thomas Peter, a prominent citizen of
+    Georgetown, whose wife Martha Parke Custis was the granddaughter of
+    Mrs. George Washington and an aunt of Mary Custis the wife of
+    General R. E. Lee.
+
+Just next door to this house is the site where, even before 1780, stood
+the Columbian Academy of which Mr. Rogers was the principal and of which
+Dr. Balch became the head in 1781. It was a large, two-story frame
+building, having a high entrance porch, where hung the bell. It stood on
+a hill which commanded a fine view of the river from the study rooms
+upstairs. Adjacent to the schoolroom was a large garden in the middle
+of which was a jessamine arbor. Two of General Washington's nephews were
+students of the school and lived with the principal.
+
+Here was housed the Columbian Library which was opened in 1803. In later
+years the present building was erected but having a very different
+appearance. Here lived Hugh Caperton a well known lawyer.
+
+I myself lived here as a very small child when I was two or three years
+old and one of my very first memories is being dared by my brothers and
+sisters to jump off the stone wall fronting the street, about four feet
+high. I felt as if I had to jump from the Washington Monument, but I did
+it, with no ill effects.
+
+It was after that the home, for many years, of the Barbers. Old Mrs.
+Barber moved there with her grandchildren when she sold her home where
+the United States Naval Observatory now stands. She was the daughter of
+Major Adlum whose home was The Vineyard where the Bureau of Standards is
+now. His place was well named for he was a great horticulturist, the
+first to domesticate the Catawba grape. It grew wild in North Carolina.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter X
+
+_Gay (N) Street--East to Rock Creek_
+
+
+Across High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) along Gay (N) Street on the
+northwest corner of Congress (31st) is the Baptist Church which has just
+celebrated its 75th anniversary. It was originally a small frame
+building, up on a bank. The present building was erected in 1890.
+
+On the southwest corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st) Streets stood,
+not so very many years ago, an attractive old white house with long
+porches, tiers of them, across the back overlooking a garden. I think
+the present building is what it was converted into in the period that
+did the best to rob Georgetown of all its charm.
+
+Here, in 1795, Dr. James Heighe Blake built his home. He was a very
+eminent citizen, a member of the first vestry of Saint John's Church,
+one of the very first to advocate schools of the Lancastrian system and
+a reformatory, and the very first person to suggest a health officer for
+the City of Washington. He moved over to the city and became its third
+mayor from 1813 to 1817. His daughter, Glorvina, married William A.
+Gordon, senior, of whom I have already spoken.
+
+Here, at one time, lived Judge Walter Cox, grandson of Colonel John Cox.
+His wife was a daughter of Judge Dunlop. Still later, the school of Miss
+Jennie and Miss Lucy Stephenson was here, which was well attended in the
+seventies and eighties. In the spring of 1875, a romantic elopement
+took place. A young girl of sixteen, an orphan, who was said to be "an
+heiress," went off to Baltimore very early one morning with the son of a
+minister who taught Latin in the school.
+
+When the pupils came that morning, they sensed the excitement and
+gathered in groups in the gallery. Eventually, the news leaked out and
+the chief topic was that the young lady took no baggage, not even a
+nightgown, in her flight.
+
+Just below here, on Congress (31st) Street, in the latter part of the
+last century lived a lady much beloved by rich and poor. She was the
+first person to conceive the idea of a diet kitchen for the needy. She
+had not much of this world's goods, so she went daily to the different
+butchers who gave her scraps of meat which she cooked, and had
+continually on hand jars of "beef tea." All the doctors knew where to
+apply when they had patients who were in need of it. She was the widow
+of Captain Charles Carroll Simms, an officer of the old navy who went
+with the Confederacy, and at the famous battle in Hampton Roads, was
+second in command of the _Merrimac_, and in command after the chief
+officer was killed. She was Elizabeth Nourse, daughter of Major Charles
+Joseph Nourse, of The Highlands.
+
+Next door, below Mrs. Simms' house, stands the Methodist Protestant
+Church which not long ago celebrated its one hundredth anniversary. The
+lot for it was purchased in April, 1829, but the founders for a year or
+two previous to that had been worshipping in the Presbyterian Church
+building, Saint John's or the Lancastrian schoolroom. It is now a
+Christian Science Church.
+
+Across the street from the church, next door to the Post Office, the
+tall brick house is where a family lived which in the nineties was a
+mystery to Georgetown--the Oueston family--father, mother, and daughter.
+No one knew what was the father's business, and no one ever saw the
+mother out, but it was rumored that she came from South America, was of
+royal blood, and had a throne on which she sat, dressed accordingly. The
+daughter was known then, and for many years afterwards, as "the girl of
+a thousand curls." She was tall and slender, and her magnificent suit of
+dark hair was a mass of curls, making her head look like "a bushel
+basket." She wore ankle-length dresses of a style totally different from
+what every other girl wore: white stockings, when all of us wore black,
+and black slippers, laced up with narrow black ribbons.
+
+And then up to the northeast corner of Gay (N) and Congress (31st)
+Streets, to the tall yellow house, now an apartment house. For many
+years it was at the home of the Snyders. Dr. John M. Snyder died at the
+age of 36, in the enjoyment of a fine reputation in his profession, of
+an unusual accident.
+
+The story is told by Dr. Samuel Busey, in his _Personal Reminiscences_:
+
+    Dr. Snyder had bought a farm called "Greenwood" a little way out of
+    town toward Tenallytown, and one afternoon at Dr. Busey's home,
+    "Belvoir," now the Beauvoir School, was telling Dr. Busey how he was
+    enjoying pruning the old oak trees on his place of dead wood. Dr.
+    Busey warned him that he was engaging in a dangerous amusement and
+    related the story of how a hired man of his, doing such a job, had
+    had a bad fall, but, fortunately, without injury.
+
+    Two or three days later, Dr. Busey was summoned to "Greenwood,"
+    where he found Dr. Snyder dying from just such an accident. The
+    branch of the tree he had been sawing off was hanging by a
+    splintered sliver, too weak to support its weight and, in swinging
+    to the ground, had knocked away the ladder on which Dr. Snyder was
+    standing.
+
+His wife was Sophy Tayloe, a member of the well-known family of the
+Octagon House in Washington, and beautiful old Mount Airy in Virginia.
+As a widow in her old age, she had a steady admirer, a general, who came
+every afternoon at the same time in his Victoria, and took her to drive.
+I can see her now, a small, slight figure in her cape, and little black
+bonnet tied under her chin, and holding one of those quaint little
+ruffled sunshades to keep the sun out of her eyes.
+
+She had one daughter, Miss Annie, who had the loveliest rosy cheeks (no
+rouge in those days), who never married. One son, Bladen, was an artist,
+and he used to be a familiar sight with his camp-stool and easel on the
+streets, painting.
+
+Georgetown was not so "arty" in Bladen Snyder's day, unfortunately, so
+he was considered very "odd."
+
+The other son, Dr. Arthur Snyder, was a fine surgeon, and an ardent
+horseman.
+
+Not long ago I was being shown photographs of belles and beaux of the
+eighties and nineties in Georgetown. Among them were several pictures of
+the crews of the Columbia Boat Club, and one of the "four" was young Dr.
+Snyder, whose home this was.
+
+There were two boat clubs in those days which were great rivals. The
+Columbia was at the foot of High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and the
+Potomac was at the foot of Congress (31st) Street. I have more
+recollections of the latter, especially the dances held there on
+summer evenings, and the porch overhanging the river, with the moonlight
+on the water.
+
+[Illustration: OLD DR. RILEY'S HOUSE]
+
+We used to have tug parties, starting from there, going several miles
+down the Potomac and back, eating our supper on board and singing "My
+Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean," and "On the Road to Mandalay," which at
+that time was quite new.
+
+Across the street, at number 3038, is the house that I have always heard
+called "old Dr. Riley's." It was sold on the 24th of March, 1812, by
+James S. Marshall to William S. Nicholls and Romulus Riggs. Mr. Riggs
+owned the house until 1835. He was born near Brookeville in Montgomery
+County, Maryland. He was married in 1810. Somewhere between 1812 and
+1835 he went to live in Philadelphia where he was a prosperous merchant
+and influential citizen. I think it probable he lived in this house
+during some of that time and sold it to Dr. Joshua Riley.
+
+Dr. Riley had several students of medicine whom he taught. Among them
+was Dr. Armistead Peter, Alec Williams, "the handsomest man in town,"
+and the two nephews of Baron Bodisco, who also spent much time here. His
+office, a quaint little one-story brick building, on part of his lot,
+was torn down a few years ago, to the great sorrow of us old-timers, for
+Georgetown had lost one of its most distinctive antiques.
+
+Dr. Riley practiced medicine for 51 years and died beloved in the
+community at large as well as by his patients. He had a good word and
+pleasant salutation for everybody. He was a man of marked personal
+appearance, tall, slim, gaunt, awkward in manner, with a quick emphatic
+style of speech.
+
+Dr. Riley had married a daughter of Colonel Fowler, who lived on West
+(P) Street, and on the 10th of June, 1851, his wife's niece, Juliet
+Murray was married in this dear old house to John Marbury, Jr. Dr.
+Riley's daughter, Miss Marianna, and her sister-in-law, Mrs. Riley,
+occupied this house for many years until her death, when it was sold for
+almost "a song." Since then it has been resold several times.
+
+Across the street, at number 3043, now the home of Vice-Admiral Laurence
+Du Bose, was the home of another well-known admiral, Theodore Wilkinson,
+when he returned from the Pacific. He and his wife started off on a
+motor trip. At Norfolk, Virginia, as they were landing from a ferry, his
+car got out of control; he signaled to his wife to jump and her life was
+saved, but he and the car ran off into deep water and he was drowned.
+
+The cream-colored brick house with wings out on each side, now number
+3033 N Street, is one of the very oldest houses in Georgetown. It was
+the home of Colonel George Beall, son of Ninian Beall, and bequeathed by
+him at his death in 1780 to his daughters, Elizabeth and Ann, the same
+Elizabeth who became the wife of Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch shortly after
+her father's death.
+
+Adjoining the house on the east was the garden. All the land between
+this house and the one at 3017, built by George Beall's son, Thomas
+Beall of George, as he always styled himself, was made his two
+"Additions to Georgetown," was part of this estate. Many years
+afterwards, the little summer house and the fruit trees were still
+there. And, as was the custom in those long-ago days, here was the
+family burying-ground. I know people who remember it. Among the
+gravestones removed to the old Presbyterian burying-ground were two
+which bore these inscriptions: "Here lieth Colonel George Beall, who
+departed this life March 15, 1780, aged 85." And the other, "Here lieth
+the body of Elizabeth Beall, who departed this life October 2, 1748,
+aged about 49 years." She was Elizabeth Brooke, daughter of Colonel
+Thomas Brooke and Barbara Dent.
+
+In 1809 these two sisters sold this house to John Peter, and the next
+year he sold it to Mrs. Robert Peter, who was then a widow. She came
+here to live with her younger daughter, Margaret, who had become the
+wife of Thomas Dick, of Bladensburg. Here Mrs. Peter lived until her
+death in 1821, at the age of seventy-eight. Mrs. Dick's husband had died
+while on a trip to the West Indies and had been buried at sea. She lived
+on here the rest of her life with her only child, Robert, and he lived
+there many years and died there--an old bachelor. He was buried in Oak
+Hill on Christmas Eve, 1870. During these years there was a much-beloved
+old cook, Aunt Hannah, who was famous for her gingerbread and cookies. I
+have seen her photograph "all dressed up to have her picture took."
+
+Robert Dick had a big black dog who always came to the gate to greet the
+newsboy and took the paper in his mouth to his master.
+
+After Robert Dick's death, Thomas Cox bought the place and it was the
+home of his family for a good many years. The eastern wing was put on at
+that time and used as a conservatory. Since then the house has changed
+hands many, many times, and the western wing been added.
+
+The two houses at numbers 3025 and 3027 were built in the seventies by
+Oscar Stevens for his family and that of his brother-in-law, Dr. John S.
+Billings. Their wives were sisters, and very dependent upon each other.
+Dr. Billings was a pioneer in the introduction of indirect heating in
+buildings, and became an authority on that subject, and on ventilation.
+His textbooks on the subject were used in the Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology, and when Johns Hopkins Hospital was built, he was consulted.
+Because he had made such a fine record in creating the Army Medical
+Library, he was asked to come to New York and create the new Public
+Library there from the Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, which were
+consolidated.
+
+Across the street, at number 3032, where now is a large, modern brick
+house, there used to be, before I can remember, a quaint, frame
+structure. It was supposed to be one of the first houses built on the
+grant of the Rock of Dumbarton, and was intended for the "overlooker" of
+that part of the grant. It was a very plain but comfortable house, and
+was the home in the early part of the century of Hezekiah Miller who,
+like many of the gentry in those days, was in charge of government work.
+His department dealt with the Indians, and he had the distribution of
+money and supplies to certain tribes to whom he went from time to time,
+and also looked after them when they came to Washington. They always
+called him "Father Miller." Mr. Miller's wife was Miss Middleton, from
+Brooke Court Manor, in Maryland. Hezekiah Miller was a devout member of
+Christ Church. His daughter became the wife of the Reverend George
+Leakin, an Episcopal clergyman of Baltimore. She was to have been a
+bridesmaid at the wedding of Harriet Williams and Baron Bodisco, but was
+prevented by the sudden death of her brother by drowning. He was one of
+twins, born just at the time of General Lafayette's arrival on his visit
+in 1824, who were named Washington and Lafayette at the request of the
+townspeople. It was the latter young man who drowned, at the age of
+twenty-five.
+
+Number 3028 was the home, for a long, long time of the Reads, three
+sisters. One married Dr. Post, who was a missionary to Syria, but Miss
+Jane and Miss Isabella lived here many years after. The house next door
+still has its old-time doorway, but, unfortunately, one owner in the
+eighties spoiled its quaintness by adding a corner tower. It was here, I
+think, that Dr. William Barton Rogers, first President of the
+Massachusetts Institute of Technology, lived at one time.
+
+The two big houses, numbers 3014 and 3017, standing opposite each other
+on this block are very closely connected in their history. The early
+part is all tied up together. Although number 3017 has been somewhat
+changed in appearance, it is still, I imagine, a good deal like it was
+when Thomas Beall built it in 1794. Of course, the street has been cut
+down and left it higher up than it originally was, and also the old
+bricks have been covered with paint, and now a modern addition has
+hidden its lovely little wing.
+
+[Illustration: 3017 N STREET. THE HOUSE THAT THOMAS BEALL BUILT]
+
+The building of this house was evidently quite an event in those days,
+for in old advertisements of the sale of houses, many of them are
+"Between the Union Tavern and Thomas Beall's house on Gay Street." John
+Laird had a frame house on the lot, immediately across the street, now
+number 3014, but he was becoming exceedingly prosperous and wanted a
+handsome house. He married first, Lucinda Dick, sister of Thomas Dick,
+of Bladensburg, and, after her death, her elder sister, Mary. While he
+was building his brick house at number 3014, he rented and occupied
+Thomas Beall's house. No reason is given as to why Mr. Beall was not
+occupying it himself.
+
+About 1800 Mr. Laird moved into his own new mansion. At that time only
+the central part of the large building was there. Several wings have
+been added and the little portico at the front door. John Laird's eldest
+daughter, Barbara, married James Dunlop, Junior, the eldest son of James
+Dunlop; and his only son, William Laird, married two of James Dunlop's
+daughters at Hayes, first Helen, by whom he had three children, William
+Laird, Jr., James Dunlop Laird, who went to California in 1848 and never
+married, and Helen Laird, who also never married. After the death of his
+first wife, William Laird, Sr., married his sister-in-law, Arianna
+French Dunlop. She was very lame, and the marriage took place only a
+short time before her death.
+
+The miniatures reproduced of John Laird and James Dunlop represent them
+both in scarlet coats, with lace ruffles and powdered hair.
+
+John Laird was always very much interested in the Presbyterian Church
+and its affairs, and his descendants have remained so.
+
+He came to this country at the age of seventeen and was active in
+Georgetown from its early days, and it is a pity that none of his
+children had a son to carry on his name.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN LAIRD]
+
+[Illustration: JAMES DUNLOP, SENIOR]
+
+His son, William Laird, Jr., who had children, but no grandchildren, was
+clerk of the town for a great many years, longer than any other man. He
+is said to have had no superior as an accountant in this country.
+
+After John Laird's death in 1833, his house became the property of his
+daughter, Margaret. She never married, and lived there for a great many
+years with her aunt, Miss Elizabeth Dick. They were always known as
+"Miss Peggy" Laird and "Miss Betsy" Dick. My mother, as a little girl,
+remembered them. They used to sit by the front windows a great deal, and
+the turban which Miss Betsy wore on her head was, of course, very
+intriguing to a young girl in 1850. They were both almost always dressed
+in Scotch gingham of such fine quality that it seemed like silk. They
+were both ardent supporters of the Presbyterian Church and workers for
+the Orphan Asylum. Miss Betsy Dick died first, of course. Thomas Bloomer
+Balch dedicated to her one of the lectures he gave in Georgetown in the
+fifties called "Reminiscences of George Town."
+
+When Miss Peggy Laird died, she left the house to her sister, Barbara,
+Mrs. James Dunlop. They had been living on the southeast corner of Gay
+(N) and Greene (29th) Streets. From that time on, number 3014 was always
+known as the Dunlop house.
+
+Judge Dunlop was always very prominent. As a young man he was secretary
+of the Corporation of Georgetown, which fact is recorded on the keystone
+of the little bridge on High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) over the canal.
+He was for some time a law partner of Francis Scott Key, and later was
+appointed Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of the District of
+Columbia. He was holding this office at the outbreak of the Civil War
+and, being a Southerner in his sympathies, was, very naturally, removed
+from office by President Lincoln. An interesting thing is that about
+1915 this place was bought from the heirs of Judge Dunlop's son by
+Robert Todd Lincoln, son of President Lincoln.
+
+An anecdote is told of a dinner party long ago where Judge Dunlop was a
+guest, when one of the other guests was making puns on the names of all
+those present. Judge Dunlop said, "You will not be able to make one on
+my name." Quick as a flash came back the rejoinder, "Just lop off the
+last syllable and it is dun."
+
+Judge Dunlop and all of his brothers, except one, were graduates of
+Princeton College, he being valedictorian of his class. A portrait of
+him hangs in the courthouse in Washington. His son, William Laird
+Dunlop, lived for many years as a bachelor in the old house before his
+marriage to his cousin, Miss Sallie Peter, in Rockville. An interesting
+story is told of their neighbor, Dr. Tyler, coming home one evening and
+saying to his wife, "I'll have to go over and see what is the matter at
+Mr. Dunlop's; the house is lit up from top to bottom." When he returned,
+he was laughing heartily. "It's only that Mr. Dunlop is going to be
+married and is inspecting the house thoroughly." The bride he brought
+there was a very lovely person and very much beloved.
+
+William Laird Dunlop always kept up his custom of keeping his own cow
+and killing his own hogs in the fall. The little square, brick building
+covered with vines between the house and the stable was the meat house.
+It is in the garden of this house that the only remaining stone marker
+used in laying off the original George Town stands, protruding about
+eighteen inches from the ground.
+
+Now to return to number 3017 across the street. In 1811 this house was
+bought from Thomas Beall by Major George Peter. He was the youngest son
+of Robert Peter. He was born in George Town on the 28th of September,
+1779. When only fifteen years old he joined the Maryland troops against
+the Whisky Insurrectionists (1794), but his parents sent a messenger to
+camp and General Washington, hearing of the matter, ordered him home.
+His youthful ardor was gratified five years later in July, 1799, by his
+appointment as second lieutenant of the Ninth Infantry, United States
+Army, by President Adams, and he enjoyed the distinction of receiving
+his commission from the hands of General Washington at Mount Vernon.
+While in command at Fort McHenry, Baltimore, during the administration
+of President Jefferson, he organized the first light-horse battery
+formed in the United States service, and he always referred to his
+"Flying Artillery" with a special pride, in that he was specially
+selected by President Jefferson for that purpose.
+
+In April, 1805, Lieutenant Peter accompanied General Wilkinson to the
+West and took part in the organization of the Territorial Government of
+Missouri. Arriving at St. Louis on the Fourth of July, he established
+the first cantonment on the banks of the Missouri at Bellefontaine and
+fired the first salute on the return of Lewis and Clarke from their
+expedition to the Pacific. He also served under General Wilkinson during
+Governor Claiborne's administration before Louisiana was admitted to the
+Union and he was present as a witness at the trial of Aaron Burr.
+
+At the beginning of the War of 1812, President Madison tendered him a
+brigadier-generalship, which the condition of private affairs compelled
+him to decline, but in 1813 he volunteered his services and commanded a
+battalion of "Flying Artillery."
+
+Among the privates in this battalion were George Peabody and Francis
+Scott Key, besides others who afterwards became distinguished citizens.
+In writing of this battalion, W. W. Corcoran says the list of its
+membership represented the wealth, worth, and talent of the town at that
+time.
+
+In 1815, he was elected to Congress from the Sixth District of Maryland,
+but his seat was contested on the ground that he was not a resident of
+the Congressional District. At that time he was a resident of Georgetown
+and a member of the Town Council, but had large farms in Maryland. The
+House of Representatives, however, decided in his favor, and admitted
+him to take his seat. He was the first Democrat ever elected to Congress
+from the Sixth District of Maryland and was re-elected in 1817, and
+again in 1828. He served several terms in the State Legislature and in
+1855 was elected by the Democratic Party a Commissioner of Public Works
+for the State of Maryland.
+
+He was a man six feet in height, straight as an arrow, and of splendid
+physique.
+
+He was married three times. His first wife was Ann Plater, daughter of
+Governor Plater of Maryland; his second, Agnes Freeland, and his third,
+Sarah Norfleet Freeland of Petersburg, Virginia.
+
+Major Peter was one of the largest landowners and farmers in Montgomery
+County and carried on those farms up to the date of his death, which
+occurred at Montanvert, near Darnestown, June 22, 1861. He was nearly
+eighty-two.
+
+[Illustration: MAJOR GEORGE PETER]
+
+[Illustration: JUDGE JAMES DUNLOP]
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM REDIN]
+
+His three sons by his third marriage were: George, who became an eminent
+lawyer in Rockville; Alexander, who lived and farmed near Darnestown;
+Armistead, who practised medicine many years in Georgetown; and Walter
+Gibson Peter, who met the heroic and tragic death I have already spoken
+of. Dr. Peter had been sent to Georgetown to live with his aunt, Mrs.
+Dick, to receive his medical education under Dr. Riley.
+
+In 1827 George Peter sold this house, 3017 N Street, to John Laird,
+evidently for his son, William, who made it his home until 1834, when it
+was bought by Miss Elizabeth Dick, but she apparently changed her mind
+and decided to live with her niece, for she sold it the same year to
+William Redin.
+
+Mr. Redin was an Englishman from Lincolnshire, who had come to America
+about 1817. He was an attorney, and I have heard very old people refer
+to him as "Lawyer Redin," and speak of the green baize bag which he
+always carried back and forth to his office, the forerunner of the
+present-day brief case, and I know an old lady who can remember him in
+his pew in Christ Church. He had five daughters and one son. The young
+man, Richard Wright Redin, soon after his graduation from Princeton,
+fell a victim to cholera, that terrible disease brought to George Town
+in its ships. It also carried off a young sister, Fanny, who was a
+little beauty, and only about eighteen.
+
+Mr. Redin was a friend of Henry Foxall, and named his youngest daughter
+Catherine Foxall.
+
+During the Civil War, Mr. Redin was a Union sympathizer, and when
+President Lincoln removed Judge Dunlop from the bench, he offered the
+Justiceship to Mr. Redin, but he refused to take the office of his old
+friend and neighbor across the street. In 1863, he was made the first
+Auditor of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.
+
+One of his married daughters was living, during the Civil War, not far
+from Culpeper, Virginia, almost on the battlefield. She died when only
+thirty-seven, from the fact that no medicines could be gotten for her;
+nor could a minister be found to bury her, so her eldest daughter,
+seventeen, read the burial service over her mother.
+
+There were seven of these motherless children left--the eldest three all
+very pretty girls. It was quite impossible for them to remain in their
+home, so their grandfather got permission for them to come to
+Washington. They came, wearing sunbonnets, and traveling all day long in
+a box-car from Culpeper to Alexandria, a distance of only fifty miles.
+There they had to spend the night at a hotel until they could pass
+through the lines. The Union officer in charge of them slept outside
+their door that night.
+
+Not very long after their arrival, Martha Kennon, of Tudor Place, came
+to see the eldest girl. They had been at school together a few years
+before, at Miss Harrover's. She suggested that they should go "over to
+the city" together. On the way down to Bridge (M) Street to take the
+omnibus, they found they had no small change to pay their fare, so
+Martha said: "Never mind, I have a cousin in a store near here. He will
+change our money or lend us some." They went to him and she introduced
+my father to my mother!
+
+This was the old Vanderwerken omnibus that ran along Bridge (M) Street
+and Pennsylvania Avenue, which became the Capital Traction Company, and
+now the Capital Transit Company.
+
+I have often heard my mother tell of how the Southern girls would not
+walk under the Stars and Stripes hanging out from the hospital in the
+Seminary. They would cross to the other side of the street, and when the
+Union officers passed, they held aside their skirts. She has also
+described to me how the city was hung with black when Abraham Lincoln
+was killed.
+
+Mr. Redin bequeathed his house to his only unmarried daughter,
+Catherine. She married later, and sold the house in 1873 and regretted
+it bitterly, to such an extent that she went into melancholia and
+committed suicide by taking poison. For a while it was Miss Lipscomb's
+School for Young Ladies, then it was bought by John D. Smoot, and his
+family lived there many years.
+
+In 1915 Colonel W. E. P. French purchased the property. He leased it
+during the World War I to Honorable Newton D. Baker, then Secretary of
+War. At that time Georgetown had hardly begun to be fashionable again,
+and on first coming to Washington and hunting for a house, Mrs. Baker
+told a friend she was discouraged trying to find one with a yard where
+her three children could play, and that she thought they would have to
+go to Fort Myer. The friend answered in a tone of deep commiseration,
+"Too bad! You will have to pass through Georgetown!"
+
+Another anecdote of somewhat the same tone was told me by an old lady
+who has lived all her life in one of the loveliest old Georgetown
+houses. Many years ago, while the street cars were still drawn by
+horses, she was in a car sitting opposite two women, one of whom was
+pointing out the sights to the other. They passed Dupont Circle, where
+she showed the Leiter house, etc., and as they crossed P Street Bridge,
+she said, "Now we are coming into Georgetown where nobody lives but
+colored people and a few white people who can't get away."
+
+On the next block east is a little house, entirely changed now, which
+used to be very quaint in its appearance when it was covered with white
+plaster and approached by a sort of causeway from the sidewalk. It had
+belonged to Henry Foxall, though, of course, he never lived there.
+
+On the southwest corner of Gay (N) and Greene (29th) Streets stands the
+house that was originally the property of John Davidson. Then Mrs.
+Williamson, a daughter of old Dr. Balch made her home here, followed by
+her daughter, Mrs. Hasle. Next door, on the west, lived the son, Joseph
+Williamson, whose wife was Marian Woods. Then the Howell family lived
+there, and from them, Colonel Harrison Howell Dodge, who was
+superintendent of Mount Vernon for over forty years, got his name. Later
+the house was rented to Mr. and Mrs. John Worthington, whose daughter,
+Lilah, married Mr. Henry Philip in April, 1865. She went to live at 3406
+R Street.
+
+A few years ago a gentleman who was an artist bought the house and
+changed the windows on the first floor front--to give more light for his
+studio, I was told.
+
+The picturesque house on the northeast corner is always called "Admiral
+Weaver's house." The back portion is very old, and "they say" there is a
+ghost somewhere about. In the spring the hedge of Japanese quince here
+is a thing of beauty with its flaming color.
+
+On the next block eastward at number 2812 is the house with a very
+beautiful doorway and a very interesting association. It was built in
+1779, and was at one time the home of Judge Morsell, but it was called
+the Decatur house. There is the Decatur house on Lafayette Square in
+Washington, but we know that Admiral Decatur's widow left it after he
+was killed in the duel with Commodore James Barron, near Bladensburg, on
+March 22, 1820, and came to live in Georgetown. Tradition has persisted
+that this was the house she lived in. These parts of two letters written
+by Mrs. Basil Hall, in 1827, are from a volume called _The Aristocratic
+Journey_, being her letters home to her sister in Edinburgh:
+
+    January 4: ... I had a note to-night from a lady whom I had
+    considerable curiosity to see, Mrs. Decatur, the widow of Commodore
+    Decatur. I brought a letter to her from Mrs. MacTavish at Baltimore
+    and sent it yesterday along with our cards. In this note she
+    acknowledged the receipt of it, but excuses herself from calling
+    upon me, "as peculiar circumstances attending a domestic affliction
+    she has suffered makes it impossible for her to come to Washington."
+    She asked us to spend the evening of the tenth with her, or any
+    other evening that suits us better, a very kind note, in short, and
+    we have promised to go on the eleventh. I knew that she would not
+    return my visit before I came. The reason of this peculiarity is
+    that her husband was killed in a duel, and she fears if she were to
+    go into company either morning or evening she might meet his second,
+    who she considers as having been very much to blame, or his
+    antagonist. Now all this is very natural, and I only object to it
+    because somehow she appears to have made her reasons too much the
+    subject of conversation, which is very unlike real feeling. She sees
+    a great deal of company at home. Her note smells so detestably of
+    musk that it quite perfumes the room and was like to make me sick,
+    so we had sealed it up in an envelope, but it shall go along with
+    the next of the scraps.
+
+    January 6: We have had today weather much more like June than
+    January, most extraordinary for this climate, where at this season
+    there is generally severe frost and snow. I went out with a cloak on
+    but speedily returned and exchanged that for a silk handkerchief
+    tied round my throat, which was as much as I could bear. Yesterday,
+    the fifth, we walked off by eleven o'clock to visit Mrs. Decatur,
+    who lives at Georgetown, which is separated from Washington only by
+    a little creek, across which there is a shabby enough tumble-down
+    looking wooden bridge. There is so thick a fog that we could not see
+    three yards before us, "quite English weather," as our friends here
+    tell us, but not disagreeable to my mind as it was very mild. At the
+    door of Mrs. Decatur's house we met General Van Rensselear, "the
+    Patroon," who with his wife and daughter is now here. He went in
+    with us and introduced us to the lady of the mansion, who we found
+    dressed in very becoming weeds, and she gave us an extremely cordial
+    reception. She is a pretty, pleasing-looking person and very
+    animated, with no appearance of woe except the outward sign of cap
+    and gown. We sat some time with her and walked home....
+
+If only Mrs. Hall had been able to say where the house was to which they
+walked from across Rock Creek on that balmy day in January!
+
+These other letters which follow are written to a young man then
+beginning to make his way in the world, who certainly was possessed of a
+most attractive personality, and it is not surprising that the widow
+might have been rather "setting her cap" for him.
+
+    My dear Mr. Corcoran:
+
+    If you should find yourself destitute of amusement this evening,
+    while the belles are at church, I beg you to come and listen to some
+    of my lamentations.
+
+    Yours sincerely, S. DECATUR.
+
+    My dear Mr. Corcoran:
+
+    I am happy to say that I can take you under my wing today, on the
+    way to heaven, and I pray you to call for me at ten o'clock.
+
+    Yours sincerely, S. DECATUR.
+
+    Union Hotel, Monday morning.
+
+    My dear Mr. Corcoran:
+
+    The Iturbides have deferred their visit until Wednesday evening and
+    I hope you will be able to come and meet them, with your sister and
+    Colonel Thomas.
+
+    Yours sincerely, S. DECATUR.
+
+    If you have a moment to spare this evening I pray you to come and
+    tell me how your brother's family are after this dreadful alarm.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: The destruction of Mr. J. Corcoran's dwelling by fire.]
+
+As we know, it was of no avail, for he seems to have remained "fancy
+free" until he met and married Louise Morris.
+
+About 1828 Mrs. Decatur became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church
+through her close acquaintance with the Carroll family, it is thought.
+The latter part of her life was spent in a frame house on the brow of a
+hill about one hundred yards from Georgetown College, which she rented
+from Miss Hobbs. Here she died about 1860.
+
+Among the souvenirs of the college is the portrait of Commodore Decatur
+by Gilbert Stuart, his ivory chess-board and men, and his jeweled
+toothpick box. The grave of Mrs. Decatur was discovered some time ago in
+the cemetery of Georgetown College. It had been overgrown and neglected
+and forgotten.
+
+So had this part of Georgetown, until Admiral and Mrs. Spencer Wood
+bought 2808 and brought it back to its pristine glory. This house was
+built by John Stoddert Haw, nephew of Benjamin Stoddert, one of the
+founders of Christ Church, of which many of his descendants are still
+pillars. When the Woods lived here, there was at the back of the house a
+very lovely, unusual green garden, which gave a feeling of restfulness
+not always produced by a riot of glorious colors, opening off a paved
+area under a wide porch, like so many houses used to have.
+
+The old house at 2806 is now the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Walker. He is
+the curator of the National Gallery of Art. Thomas Beall of George sold
+the land to John M. Gannt in 1804, who may have built this lovely house.
+It was purchased by Elisha Williams in 1810; also owned by Thomas
+Robertson and Thomas Clarke in the first decade of the nineteenth
+century. In the 1920's it was the home of Mrs. Hare Lippincott.
+
+Across the street, at number 2723, a good many years ago, was where
+Thomas Harrison and his sister lived for a long time. Miss Virginia kept
+a little school for several years and her brother was a translator at
+the Naval Observatory until he was well up in his eighties. When he was
+over ninety he used to go out calling on Sunday afternoons, as spry as
+could be, and with his cheeks as rosy as pippins. They were a couple
+much beloved and typical of old-time days.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XI
+
+_The Three Philanthropists_
+
+
+George Town produced three eminent philanthropists: one whose
+benefactions were solely to Georgetown; a second, who became the
+greatest benefactor the City of Washington has ever had, and inaugurated
+the tremendous gifts to schools and colleges that have since become the
+fashion among men of great wealth; the third started his gifts at home,
+then crossed the ocean and made enormous contributions to the largest
+city in the world.
+
+The first one, Edward Magruder Linthicum, had a hardware store on the
+northwest corner of High (Wisconsin) Avenue and Bridge (M) Street, the
+business hub then, as now, of Georgetown. He was a trustee of the
+Methodist Church and member of the Town Council.
+
+He built the home at number 3019 P Street, which has such a beautiful
+doorway, and lived there until in 1846 he moved up on the Heights to The
+Oaks, for which he paid $11,000. William A. Gordon, in his book _Old
+Houses in Georgetown Heights_, says of him:
+
+    Mr. Linthicum was a prominent and prosperous merchant of the highest
+    type, a man of great civic activities, and deeply interested in
+    everything which tended to beautify the community. In his will by a
+    legacy of $50,000 he provided for the endowment of a school for the
+    free education of white boys of Georgetown in useful learning and in
+    the spirit and practice of Christian virtue being, as he expressed
+    it, convinced that knowledge and piety constitute the only assurance
+    of happiness and healthful progress to the human race and devoutly
+    recognizing the solemn duty to society which develops in its
+    members, and entertaining a serious desire to contribute in some
+    manner to the permanent welfare of the community, amongst whom my
+    life has been spent.
+
+    As a commentary on the length to which partisan feeling went in the
+    years succeeding the War Between the States, it may be stated that
+    efforts to have the Linthicum Institute incorporated by Congress
+    were prevented by Charles Sumner, Senator from Massachusetts, for
+    the reason that the benefits were confined to white youths.
+
+[Illustration: EDWARD MAGRUDER LINTHICUM]
+
+The Linthicum Institute began its career in the lower floor of one side
+of the Curtis school building on P Street, opposite Saint John's Church.
+The name in large gold letters used to be there. The present building
+was erected about 1890 on the south side of O Street near 31st, the
+school occupying the lower floor, and Linthicum Hall, considered by the
+belles of the nineties to have the "best floor 'par excellence' for
+dancing anywhere," being the upper portion. I have been told it was the
+first night school in the District of Columbia.
+
+Mr. Linthicum was a very imposing looking gentleman, was married, but
+had no children. He and his wife adopted a daughter, Kate, who became
+Mrs. Dent, and I think it was in honor of her or her son that the little
+street called Dent Place, just below R and between 30th and 31st Streets
+was named when that part of Georgetown, then nicknamed "Cooke Park" was
+developed.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM WILSON CORCORAN]
+
+William Wilson Corcoran, the third son of Thomas Corcoran, was born in
+George Town on December 27, 1798, in his father's home on Bridge (M)
+Street. He attended Mr. Kirk's school, later Reverend Addison Belt's,
+in between, having been for a while a day scholar at Georgetown College.
+
+Contrary to his father's wishes for him to complete a classical
+education, at the age of seventeen he went into a dry goods store
+belonging to his brothers, James and Thomas. Two years later they
+established him in a small store of his own on the northwest corner of
+High (Wisconsin Avenue) and First (N) Streets. Again, two years later
+they all purchased a two-story brick house on the corner of Bridge (M)
+and Congress (31st) Streets and commenced a wholesale auction and
+commission business.
+
+In the depression of 1823, when very many firms went to the wall, they
+too had to give up and settled with all their creditors for fifty cents
+on the dollar.
+
+I think the aftermath of this story (which is the reason I have given it
+in detail) is most encouraging to this generation, struggling in the
+grip of the present depression, for the young man of twenty-five, after
+giving up four or five years to taking care of the business of his
+father, who was growing old, finally became connected with the Bank of
+Columbia, and in 1837 began a brokerage business in Washington in a
+little store 10 x 16 feet on Pennsylvania Avenue near 15th Street. He
+was so successful that he eventually took into partnership George W.
+Riggs, also of Georgetown, and changed the name to Corcoran and Riggs.
+In 1845 this firm purchased the old United States Bank on the corner of
+15th Street and New York Avenue. And so the Riggs National Bank, today
+one of the strongest banks in the United States, was born. A little
+later George W. Riggs retired and Elisha, his brother, was made a junior
+partner.
+
+In 1847 Mr. Corcoran sent to all people to whom he had been able to pay
+only 50% in his failure of 1823, the full amount due them, with
+interest, amounting to about forty-six thousand dollars, to their great
+surprise, as evidenced by letters I have read from them to him. Of all
+his great benefactions, this seems to me to have been the very finest
+thing he ever did.
+
+He must have been a man of very remarkable personality, witness his
+going to Europe, the first of the very, very many trips he made in his
+life, on one day's notice, and against much discouragement, persuading
+Thomas Baring of the great London banking firm of Baring Brothers, to
+assist him in a sale of five millions of government bonds. At that time
+the firm of Corcoran and Riggs took, on its own account, nearly all the
+loans made by the United States.
+
+On his return to New York he was greeted by everyone with enthusiasm, as
+this was the first sale of American securities abroad since 1837--eleven
+years.
+
+In April, 1854, Mr. Corcoran withdrew from the firm, thinking he had
+made enough money, and spent the rest of his long life of ninety
+years--forty-five years more--spending his money in a manner unknown
+before that time.
+
+Apropos of his money-making faculty, I have often been told by my aunt
+how her father, Henry Dunlop, when a boy, was walking along the street
+with young Corcoran, just his own age, when Henry, whose family was
+rather well-off in those days, seeing a penny lying on the pavement,
+kicked it ahead of him in his stride, as boys will do, but young
+Corcoran, stooping down, put it in his pocket saying, "Henry, you will
+never be a rich man." That prophecy came true, for Henry spent his life
+in farming, and you know what that means!
+
+Among Mr. Corcoran's very first benefactions were gifts to the town of
+his birth. First of all a fund of $10,000 to be spent for firewood,
+etc., for the poor. It was left to the town authorities, but was
+administered by the Benevolent Society.
+
+In 1849 he gave beautiful Oak Hill Cemetery, lying along the northern
+limit of the town. To me no other cemetery that I have ever seen in this
+country or abroad has the same natural beauty of slopes and trees--in
+the spring bedecked like a bride in flowering white shrubs; in the fall
+its towering oak trees aflame with shades of crimson.
+
+I suppose what impressed on him the need of a cemetery for Georgetown so
+deeply was the death of his beloved wife in 1840. It had been a very
+romantic marriage. She was Louise Morris, the daughter of Commodore
+Charles Morris. Mr. Corcoran met his wife when she was sixteen and he
+was thirty-six. On the 23rd of December, 1835, they eloped, accompanied
+by Mr. Corcoran's sister-in-law, Mrs. James Corcoran, who later became
+the second wife of John Marbury, senior, and to the day of her death was
+greatly beloved by Mr. Corcoran. When she was lying in her coffin on
+14th Street, he came there and although somewhat lamed by paralysis and
+nearly ninety years of age, he insisted upon climbing the long flight of
+stairs to the room where she lay, saying over and over as he toiled up
+the many steps: "I must see Harriet once more!" I suppose in his mind he
+was living over the great event in his life when she helped to secure
+for him the only love of his life. And so pitifully short a time he had
+her, for only five years afterwards, when she was twenty-one, she died
+of tuberculosis. In those short years she had had three children,
+Harriet Louise, Louise Morris, and Charles Morris. Of these the middle
+child, Louise, was the only one to grow up.
+
+Although Commodore Morris had greatly disapproved of his daughter's
+marriage, which was very natural as at that time he was one of the most
+eminent officers of the United States Navy, and Mr. Corcoran had not
+then entered on the career which eventually made him the most
+distinguished private citizen of the capital of the nation, he grew to
+greatly admire and respect his son-in-law. For there are preserved in _A
+Grandfather's Legacy_, a collection of letters received by Mr. Corcoran,
+and compiled by him before his death, several letters from Charles
+Morris, showing the deepest trust and affection.
+
+I suppose there was never a daughter more beloved and petted than Louise
+Morris Corcoran. Her father seemed to expend on her all the affection of
+his great big heart, and she seems to have been a very lovely character.
+When she was about ten years old she fell overboard from a vessel and
+was only saved from drowning by the quickness and skill of Gurdon B.
+Smith. Among these letters are several in regard to this incident, for
+Mr. Corcoran, in his gratitude for this merciful deliverance, sent
+through an agent, $1,000 to Mr. Smith, an artisan, who was very grateful
+and considered he had received a fortune. But, not satisfied with that,
+Mr. Corcoran secured an appointment as lighthouse keeper for Mr. Smith
+at a point not far from his home, a life position with a good salary,
+but Mr. Smith refused it as he seemed perfectly satisfied with his
+circumstances.
+
+Mr. Corcoran's money doubled and trebled and quadrupled, and the
+following letter shows how his judgment was sought on political as well
+as financial questions:
+
+    My dear Sir:
+
+    I wish you would come to my house about 8 this evening and tell me,
+    in five words, what are the best reasons to be given to friends of
+    the administration for not passing the sub-treasury bill at present.
+
+    Yours,
+    D. WEBSTER.
+
+He had a close friendship with Edward Everett, senator from
+Massachusetts, who was frequently his guest. He and ex-President
+Fillmore traveled abroad together. The letters he received from many of
+the great of the earth make very interesting reading. By the middle of
+the nineteenth century this Georgetown boy of rather modest parentage
+was living in a very fine house in Washington, in great elegance,
+entertaining everyone of any importance who came to the capital. There
+is on record now a letter from a gentleman in England, bringing to his
+attention the coming of the new Minister and his wife from Great
+Britain, Lord and Lady Napier. Although, as he had said "he knows he
+will receive a great deal of attention, yet he wishes Mr. Corcoran,
+particularly to honor them." He was consulted by presidents for his
+opinion on financial matters. Baron Humboldt, the great German
+geographer, kept up a correspondence with him to the day of his death.
+
+After a brilliant girlhood, Louise Corcoran had married the Honorable
+George Eustis of New Orleans, representative in Congress. When the Civil
+War came and shattered all existing social ties, Mr. Eustis, of course,
+took the Southern side, as did Mr. Corcoran. Mr. Eustis, who had been
+appointed Confederate Secretary of Legation at the same time that the
+Honorable John Slidell was appointed Minister to France, after being
+held a prisoner in Maine, went over to France, where he was joined by
+his wife. Neither ever returned to this country. They made their home
+there, their three children were born there, they died there, were
+finally brought back and buried in Oak Hill under the beautiful little
+Doric temple Mr. Corcoran had erected for his first Louise.
+
+Those three grandchildren then became his pride and joy. But more and
+more he absorbed himself in his benefactions. It is impossible to tell
+all of them. Beginning with his gift of Oak Hill to Georgetown in 1849,
+in 1850 a loan to the Roman Catholic Church there which, like all of his
+loans, he eventually turned into gifts; in 1851 he gave an organ to the
+Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, saying he knew of nothing better
+than to give music to those whose souls were so troubled. About this
+time he gave the lot for the Washington City Orphan Asylum, and a little
+later the one for the Y. M. C. A. For many years he had been collecting
+painting and sculpture, both on his trips to Europe and from the various
+persons who wrote to him soliciting his patronage. These were at first
+kept in his own house, but then he decided to build a gallery and give
+them to the City of Washington, so he erected the building on
+Pennsylvania Avenue at the corner of 17th Street, directly opposite the
+State, War and Navy Building. It was just nearing completion when the
+Civil War began and was taken over by the United States Government as an
+annex to the War Department, so that it was not until 1869 that it was
+opened as the Corcoran Gallery of Art. In 1897 the collection was moved
+to the beautiful new building lower down on 17th Street and was formally
+opened on February 22nd by a brilliant reception at which were President
+and Mrs. Cleveland and all of their Cabinet.
+
+Above the doorway of the old building, in the stone, is still seen a
+carved medallion with W. W. C. intertwined.
+
+Just about that time, also, Mr. Corcoran began to build another of his
+beneficent gifts to the city. His beloved daughter had died, and the
+city and the country was filled with ladies who had been made penniless
+by the cruel fratricidal war. In 1871 he turned over to the trustees the
+Louise Home on Massachusetts Avenue, between 15th and 16th Streets, as a
+home for gentlewomen, the only requirements being enough money to
+furnish their own clothes and their burial expenses, even lots in Oak
+Hill were reserved for them after the Louise Home failed to suffice. It
+was very natural that for a long time its clientele was largely made up
+of Southerners, as there were very, very many more of them impoverished
+at that time, and also Mr. Corcoran was himself in sympathy with the
+Confederates. It is said he saved his house from confiscation by renting
+it to the French Minister.
+
+Many, very many, were the letters he received thanking him for the help
+he had sent to widows and orphans of soldiers of the South. He founded
+homes of that kind in Charleston, South Carolina, and in other places,
+besides rendering assistance most tactfully in many private cases. Many
+of these letters are very touching in their gratitude.
+
+His friendship for James Mason, of the Mason and Slidell affair, was
+close, as was his very real association with General Robert E. Lee,
+witnessed by letters from General Lee during his life in Lexington,
+Virginia, after the war, and from Dr. William Pendleton, General Lee's
+rector there, and from Mrs. Lee in regard to General Lee's death.
+
+He and General Lee spent several summers at the "Old White," as the
+Greenbriar White Sulphur Springs was then affectionately known. As the
+years rolled on, Anthony Hyde, a Georgetown man, was kept busy
+administering the benefactions of his employer. He has told how during a
+trip through the South after the war, with Mr. Corcoran (he was his
+secretary), he had difficulty in keeping Mr. Corcoran's gifts within
+bounds. I was told not long ago by a man in the employ of Oak Hill, how
+an old street-car conductor had described to him the sight of Mr.
+Corcoran going to his office, and on the sidewalk in front of it each
+morning was a line to which he always dispensed "green money," as the
+old man called it.
+
+The business of his life then was judiciously giving away his money.
+Here are some of the ways he did it: colleges had always appealed to
+him, and he was for many years Rector of Columbian University in
+Washington, now renamed George Washington, and gave freely to it. His
+name is now borne by one of their largest and best buildings, Corcoran
+Hall. He gave to the Maryland Agricultural College, to the College of
+William and Mary in Virginia, loaned money to the Virginia Military
+Institute and when the bonds came due, tore them up--a little way he
+had. To Washington and Lee University, also in Lexington, he gave
+$20,000 besides the library purchased from the widow of Nathaniel
+Howard, thus, it helped in the getting as well as in the giving.
+
+His portrait hangs in the little chapel in Lexington where lies the body
+of his friend, Robert Edward Lee. To the University of Virginia he gave
+$100,000 which endowed two chairs, also giving $5,000 to resuscitate the
+library which had suffered during the war and the period following, from
+being unable to procure any new books.
+
+He was one of the first people to subscribe to the fund being raised by
+certain ladies to purchase Mount Vernon, after the Washington family
+found themselves unable to keep it up and offered it to the United
+States Government, which refused to buy and preserve it.
+
+The Episcopal Church of the Ascension on the corner of 12th Street and
+Massachusetts Avenue was built almost entirely with his money. William
+Pinckney, its rector when it was begun, was very devoted to Mr.
+Corcoran. He afterwards became Bishop of Maryland. It worried him
+exceedingly that Mr. Corcoran had never become a confirmed member and
+communicant of the church. Many are the long and eloquent letters he
+wrote to him on the subject. Finally, in his old age, the old gentleman
+did come forward and be confirmed. The friendship between these two
+seems to have been very sweet. The Bishop was a simple soul, a great
+lover of flowers and birds. He was always sending gifts of grapes to his
+wealthy friend, from Bladensburg. He now rests not far from his friend
+in Oak Hill. The inscription on his stone, which is surmounted by his
+statue reads thus:
+
+    WILLIAM PINCKNEY, D. D., L L. D.
+
+    APRIL 17, 1820
+    JULY 4, 1883
+
+    Guileless and fearless.
+
+All through his life Mr. Corcoran was a very sociable person. He always
+loved to play whist and in the last years of his life his nephews and
+nieces and great-nephews and great-nieces used to go often to play with
+him and pass the long evenings. A friend of mine remembers being taken
+as a little girl, with her grandmother, to call on him. She was
+fascinated by the room where he sat, which had medallions of children's
+heads, set at intervals into the paneling of the walls. She said he told
+her they were his grandchildren. She loved looking at them and was
+distressed when told to go out in the garden to play.
+
+That garden to the house where he lived for many years and where he
+died, stood on H Street at the corner of Connecticut Avenue. Daniel
+Webster had lived there before him. The flowering trees in the spring
+hung over the high brick wall on the Connecticut Avenue side and
+gladdened the hearts of all who saw them. It was a sad day for
+Washington, historically, when that whole square was reconstructed. If
+only one could endow old houses!
+
+At last, on the 24th of February, 1888, W. W. Corcoran, as he was always
+known, was laid to rest in his own beautiful Oak Hill. I remember as a
+little girl standing at the window of my home facing 31st Street and
+hearing the bell of near-by Christ Church toll ninety strokes as
+carriage after carriage passed slowly up the hill. My brother and I
+counted them, and there were ninety-nine.
+
+George Peabody, the third of my trio of philanthropists who got their
+start in Georgetown, was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, on February 18,
+1795. He was descended from an old yeoman family of Hertfordshire,
+England, named Pabody or Pebody. At eleven years he was an apprentice in
+a grocery store, and at fifteen, by his father's death, he was left an
+orphan and was cheerfully helping to support his mother and sisters. He
+soon after left Danvers and became an assistant to his uncle in his
+business in Georgetown. When he was seventeen he served as a volunteer
+in the War of 1812 in the artillery company of Major George Peter
+against the British, which is interesting, as in later life he was
+offered a baronetcy by Queen Victoria, which he refused.
+
+[Illustration: GEORGE PEABODY]
+
+After the war, when he was about nineteen, he became a partner with
+Elisha Riggs in a dry goods store in Georgetown and through his energy
+and skill the business increased tremendously. They moved to Baltimore,
+and when his partner retired, about 1830, he found himself, according to
+_The Encyclopaedia Britannica_, at the head of one of the largest
+mercantile concerns in the world. About seven years afterwards he
+established himself in London as a merchant and money-broker at Wonford
+Court in the city, and in 1843 he withdrew from the American business.
+
+He was never married. He was a very intimate friend of Mr. Corcoran's,
+and in several letters to him speaks jokingly of himself as a confirmed
+old bachelor, and in one flouts the idea that he is attentive to a
+certain lady, saying that he never but once seriously thought of
+marriage.
+
+Of course, he and Mr. Corcoran were near the same age and were both
+making their way as young men here in Georgetown at the same time, and
+it is very interesting to follow, from many letters, how their
+friendship continued through all their lives.
+
+Mr. Peabody made frequent visits to his homeland, and used often to
+visit Mr. Corcoran at his home in Washington, and to spend the summers
+with him at the White Sulphur Springs.
+
+When hearing of the beginning of the great gifts of his friend on this
+side of the water, he wrote in October, 1851:
+
+    However liberal I may be over here, I can not keep pace with your
+    noble acts of charity at home; but one of these days I mean to come
+    out, and then if my feelings regarding money don't change and I have
+    plenty, I shall become a strong competitor of yours in benevolence.
+
+He certainly made good his words. In London he entertained in princely
+style. The following letter is one of the many telling of his parties
+there:
+
+    London, May 16, 1853.
+
+    My dear Corcoran:
+
+    On the 18th I am to give a grand banquet to the American Minister
+    and about sixty-five English and eighty-five American ladies and
+    gentlemen, and have invited about fifty more for the evening. Mr.
+    Van Buren will be of the party and I hope to make it the best dinner
+    party I have ever given, as I have the Star and Garter, Richmond,
+    and the proprietor has no limit. I enclose you the programme of
+    music during and after dinner.
+
+    I have taken the house--Star and Garter--for a Fourth of July dinner
+    to gentlemen only, and expect about 150. I hear from Mr. Ingersoll
+    that your friend, Mr. Buchanan, will leave in June. Now, although I
+    only know Mr. Buchanan from his high character and what you say of
+    him, particularly as he is unmarried, and I would like to invite the
+    party for the fourth of July to meet "the American Minister, Mr.
+    Ingersoll, and the new Minister, Mr. Buchanan." Will you confer with
+    Mr. Buchanan on receipt of this and try to get me permission to give
+    the invitations as I propose? If Mr. Buchanan leaves 13th or 16th
+    June, he will arrive in ample time.
+
+    Very truly,
+
+    GEORGE PEABODY.
+
+In 1867 he gave $15,000 to found the Peabody Library in Georgetown. A
+large donation was given by him to the second Grinnell Arctic
+Expedition. The museum in Salem, Massachusetts, called by his name, is a
+fascinating collection of historic relics. To his birthplace he gave
+50,000 pounds ($250,000) for educational purposes; for the Peabody
+Institute in Baltimore 200,000 pounds ($1,000,000.00); to the trustees
+of the Peabody Educational Fund to promote education in the Southern
+States (part went to Washington and Lee University in Lexington). A dear
+old cousin of mine has told me of his visit to the White Sulphur to
+confer with Mr. Corcoran and Mr. Peabody on this subject. The thing he
+is remembered for in London is the erection of a huge block of model
+houses for working people at a cost of 500,000 pounds ($2,500,000). I
+suppose it was then that Queen Victoria wished to do him honor.
+
+His true nature remained untainted by success, and Gladstone said of
+him: "He taught the world how a man may be master of his fortune, and
+not its slave."
+
+In 1867 the Congress of the United States awarded him a special vote of
+thanks, and two years later, when he died in London on the 4th of
+November 1869, his body was brought home to America on a British
+warship, to be buried in Danvers, the town of his birth, now renamed
+Peabody in his honor.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XII
+
+_The Seminary, Washington (30th) Street and Dumbarton Avenue_
+
+
+Nowadays, all to the east of here bordering on Rock Creek has been made
+into a park and playground, and some attractive houses built overlooking
+them.
+
+On the southeast corner of Montgomery (28th) Street and Dumbarton
+Avenue, the large brick building now used as a colored Temple of Islam
+was where Henry Addison, who had been mayor, was living when he died in
+1870.
+
+This house later was the home of General Christopher Colon Augur. One
+night he came out on his porch to remonstrate with a crowd of negroes
+gathered on this corner and making a disturbance. He was promptly shot
+by one of them.
+
+Just east of here on Dumbarton Avenue at number 2720 is the home of the
+Alsop brothers, the well-known columnists, and a new Roman Catholic
+Church has been built for the colored people. There are six colored
+churches in the region hereabouts: This Catholic one, three Baptist
+churches, and two Methodists. Mount Zion Methodist on Greene (29th)
+Street is over a hundred years old. In the nineties, there were two men
+in the choir there, one an exceptional organist and the other, who had a
+very fine bass voice; he later went to Paris.
+
+From this point to Rock Creek is the district that was known as Herring
+Hill, a synonym in the minds of old residents for the negro district. It
+got its name from the fact that in the spring great quantities of
+herring came up this far into the creek from the river, and were caught
+in large numbers.
+
+I think this account, by Mr. William A. Gordon, of some of the customs
+of the negroes in the years gone by is very attractive and interesting:
+
+    Christmas was the great time for the negroes. Ordinarily, they were
+    not allowed in the streets after the town bell rang at nine o'clock
+    at night, but at Christmas this restriction was removed, and as
+    midnight approached, bands of them would go through the streets
+    singing hymns and carols before the houses of their white friends.
+    The next morning the leader of the band called at the house and
+    received a token of appreciation in the way of small coin.
+
+    On May Day there was a parade of the negro drivers; many drove
+    carts, drays and wagons, for on that day they had holiday, and
+    paraded with wagons and horses adorned with ribbons, flowers and
+    bright papers, the drivers wearing long white aprons, and headed by
+    a band. They would then go to the woods and feast, dance and sing.
+
+At the southeast corner of Dumbarton Avenue and Greene (29th) Street,
+the four little yellow houses made into one make the home of Drew
+Pearson, the widely-known columnist and commentator--co-author with
+Robert S. Allen of the original "Washington Merry-Go-Round."
+
+A block west, on the southeast corner of Washington (30th) Street is a
+fine old house where Mrs. James Cassin lived as a wealthy widow during
+the 1850's. She was Tabitha Ann Deakins, of that old family so prominent
+in the making of the town.
+
+James Cassin had come from Ireland to the City of Baltimore when he was
+about twenty years of age, on account of religious troubles, the motive
+which sent so many emigrants to the new country. He then moved over to
+this thriving seaport, married and settled, leaving his wife a very
+young widow with three sons. One of them, John, went far from home to
+live, and his mother's letters to him contain a great deal of
+interesting gossip. In one she tells that Margaret McVean has gone to
+Baltimore to buy her wedding dress, and, horror of horrors, has allowed
+the groom, Dr. Louis Mackall, to accompany her. Of course a chaperone
+was in the party, but what an indelicate thing for the groom to know
+anything about the wedding clothes! She ends with, "What are the young
+people coming to?" How often have we heard those same words in recent
+years. Of course in those days, a bride went into deep retirement for a
+week before the fateful day, not going out into the street at all, and
+as for seeing the groom on the day until she met him at the altar, that
+was simply unthinkable!
+
+Margaret McVean was the daughter of the Reverend James McVean, who was
+born near Johnstown, New York, in 1796. He was a graduate of Union
+College in 1813, and of Princeton in 1819. It was said that he spoke
+seven languages with fluency and that the chair of Greek at Princeton
+was always open to him. He came to Georgetown about 1820 and married
+Jane Maffitt Whann in 1828. For twenty years he was the principal of a
+classical seminary for boys in Georgetown, the same one founded by Dr.
+David Wiley. There a large number of young men were prepared for
+college, who afterwards attained distinction in various professions or
+government positions of trust and honor. He was for twenty-five years
+superintendent of the Presbyterian Sabbath School. He died July 8, 1847,
+and as a testimonial of respect, the Board of Common Council and
+Aldermen, of which he was a member, suspended business for eight days,
+and crepe was worn on the arm for thirty days.
+
+Another of these letters of Mrs. Cassin's tells that her son, William
+Deakins Cassin, has just become engaged to "that harumscarum Mittie
+Tyler." She fears for their future. Mittie (Mary) Tyler was the daughter
+of dear old Dr. Tyler across the street.
+
+The mother-in-law's fears certainly did not materialize, for Mrs.
+Cassin, junior, lived a long and honored life. I remember her faintly
+when she was about eighty years old, with hair parted in the middle and
+combed down over each ear as "coal black as a raven's wing," as the old
+saying goes.
+
+They all seemed to marry their neighbors in those days, for Sue, another
+daughter of Dr. Tyler's married Granville Hyde across the street.
+
+The Hyde's house was next door to the Cassin's on the south. One can see
+that it is quite old, and it seems that it was built about 1798 by
+Charles Beatty, one of our old friends of the early days of George Town.
+He ran one of the ferries across the river to the Virginia shore. About
+1806 he had sold the house to Nicholas Hedges; then it went to James
+Belt in 1822, and to Joshua Stuart in 1832. Later, it was bought by Mr.
+Thomas Hyde, one of the early merchants of Georgetown. His son, Anthony
+continued to live there and was for many years secretary to Mr. W. W.
+Corcoran. Anthony Hyde was very musical and was part of the orchestra
+which furnished the music in Christ Church before it had an organ. Here
+grew up Mr. Thomas Hyde, who was very prominent in Riggs Bank and an
+early president of the Chevy Chase Club. He was a very distinguished
+looking man to the day of his death.
+
+On the northeast corner of Washington (30th) and Gay (N) Streets is
+where tradition says Ninian Beall built his hunting cabin when he landed
+here. That could be borne out by the fact that a very fine spring of
+water was on that property. Many, many years later the family of Judge
+Dunlop at 3014 N Street used to send for pitchers of water from that
+spring, as they had an inherited right to do so.
+
+The long, red building there, now the Colonial Apartments, is still
+spoken of as The Seminary. It was there that Miss Lydia English
+conducted her fashionable school for young ladies for many years before
+the Civil War. This was the school to which Andrew Johnson, while
+senator from Tennessee, sent his daughter. Years after, when he was
+being criticized for his defense of Roman Catholics, his enemies brought
+against him the fact that he had sent his daughter to a "convent" in
+Georgetown. They had confused the Visitation Convent with Miss English's
+Seminary. It is said that the roster of the patrons of this school in
+those _ante-bellum_ days included the names of the most famous men in
+the country.
+
+Among those names was that of Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri,
+nicknamed "Old Bullion," on account of his opposition to paper currency.
+He was one of the supporters of President Andrew Jackson in his war on
+the United States Bank. One of the pupils at the Seminary was his
+daughter, Jessie Benton, who afterwards became the wife of General C.
+Fremont, known as "The Pathfinder of the Rocky Mountains."
+
+[Illustration: MISS LYDIA ENGLISH]
+
+Miss English had large means of her own, which enabled her to keep her
+school going in spite of "ups and downs." But, when in need of advice,
+she would always turn to her near neighbor, James Cassin.
+
+At one time she had nine teachers besides herself. In 1835 she had 130
+pupils. It is said she was a stern headmistress, but she stood for all
+that was fine, and meant a great deal to Georgetown.
+
+There is a story told of old "Aunt Abby," whose business it was to sit
+behind the parlor door whenever the young ladies had gentlemen callers,
+and how reassuring was the sound of her deep snores. Another story goes
+that the young bloods of Georgetown used to gather on the opposite
+corner where there was a pump and pretend to be getting a drink of
+water, while they were really serenading the hidden charmers, and that
+sometimes billet-doux and sweetmeats were drawn up in baskets
+unbeknownst to the "powers that were."
+
+In 1859, Miss Harrover took over the school. The catalogue for that year
+calls it the Georgetown Female Seminary, and in the front is printed the
+following letter from Miss English:
+
+    To my former Pupils and their Parents, and to other Friends:
+
+    At the request of Miss Harrover, who, for two years past, has
+    satisfactorily conducted the Institution, over which I so long
+    presided, and the care of which I relinquished, only because the
+    condition of my health and hearing made it imperatively necessary. I
+    would state, that my interest in its prosperity is undiminished,
+    that I earnestly desire to see it flourish, and that as far as I
+    have it in my power, it is my wish to extend its usefulness.
+
+    In renting the Seminary, I retain my own suite of apartments, and
+    have never withdrawn my residence from it. So far as I have
+    influence, and opportunities, I endeavor to promote the improvement
+    and comfort of the inmates of this establishment. I can not but feel
+    a special interest in the children and other relatives of those who
+    in former years were under my care and instruction, and it affords
+    me much pleasure to see them pursuing their education within the
+    same establishment. I shall rejoice to see the number of these, in
+    the coming year greatly increased.
+
+    With kind greetings, and best wishes, I remain,
+
+    Yours respectfully,
+
+    June 20, 1859.            L. S. ENGLISH.
+
+Among the names of the pupils I find that of my mother, and many more
+familiar to me all of my life.
+
+When the first battle of Bull Run was fought, with such disastrous
+results to the Union Army, this building was immediately taken over by
+the United States government as a hospital, and Dr. Armistead Peter,
+although a Southern sympathizer, was drafted to be in charge of it. An
+old lady has told me how she was brought by her nurse on that Monday in
+July, the day after the battle, to watch the unloading of the wagons
+full of maimed and bleeding soldiers.
+
+The row of frame houses across the street, on N Street, was built at
+that time as barracks for the non-commissioned officers on duty at the
+hospital.
+
+Apparently, after the war, Miss Harrover never resumed her school, as,
+in 1870, it was being used as an apartment house. I rather think it must
+be the oldest apartment house in the District.
+
+The part of the building on the corner was torn down several years ago
+and the Edes Home built. It is a home for Georgetown widows. As the
+money for it was left by Miss Margaret Edes, who was certainly never a
+widow, and the wording of her will said "for the indigent widows of
+Georgetown," many people think it was a mistake and was meant to read
+"the indigent women of Georgetown."
+
+Just across the street from the Seminary stands the house which was "Old
+Dr. Tyler's" home. First of all, it was the home of George W. Riggs;
+after that, for many, many years, that of Dr. Grafton Tyler, the beloved
+physician. He was a native of southern Maryland, and a cousin of
+President Tyler.
+
+During his long life Dr. Tyler enjoyed many honors of high professional
+distinction and was the intimate friend and companion of distinguished
+statesmen, jurists, and scholars.
+
+In those days doctors took families at "so much" a year, including the
+slaves. Not long ago I heard this story about the dear old doctor. For
+years and years he had attended a family where there was an addition
+almost annually, and he had never sent a bill. Finally, when they were
+all nearly grown, the father inherited a nice little sum of money. Not
+long afterwards Dr. Tyler was called in for a slight illness. When the
+first of the year came round Dr. Tyler sent a bill. The morning after
+its receipt the father burst into the doctor's office in a rage, "What
+did he mean by sending him a bill? Tut, tut!" And there the matter
+ended.
+
+[Illustration: DR. GRAFTON TYLER]
+
+For a great many years Dr. Tyler was the physician for Georgetown
+College. It is still a tradition in the family about the turkeys and
+the very delicious raisin bread that came every Christmas from the
+priests.
+
+His son, Dr. Walter Bowie Tyler, followed him, but not for long, as he
+had consumption, as tuberculosis was called in those days. He was asked
+to be pall-bearer at the funeral of a young lady who, as a dying
+request, asked to be carried up to Oak Hill because she had a horror of
+being put in a hearse. Dr. Tyler struggled along for two or three blocks
+when my father, who was very fond of him, stepped in, pushed him aside
+and finished the journey.
+
+On the block above, on Washington (30th) Street, in a white, frame house
+on the west side of the street, lived Captain de la Roche, who was the
+architect of Oak Hill Cemetery and of Saint John's Church where he was a
+vestryman when it was remodeled in 1840. Apropos of that, several years
+ago while I was living away from Georgetown for a short period of years,
+on one of my return visits, I was standing on the corner of Dumbarton
+Avenue and 31st Street waiting for a street-car. The wait was long and I
+looked about me up and down the streets, to the westward, above the tree
+tops was an object totally strange to my Georgetown eyes, a church
+steeple of the somewhat Bulfinch type. I reasoned that it could not be
+anything but the steeple of Saint John's, but I knew I had never seen it
+look like that--it had always resembled a large pepper pot more than
+anything else. Upon inquiry, I found that not long before the vestry of
+Saint John's had found that some repairs were necessary on the tower, so
+one of their number, a civil engineer, ascended with an architect and
+while hunting around, they discovered part of the original tower still
+there, inclosed in the more modern square building. It was torn away
+and the old church now bears part of its original headdress. Only the
+lower story of the tower remains as the smaller ones which used to
+surmount it had, of course, been lost.
+
+Captain and Mrs. de la Roche had three daughters; two of them had
+married officers in the United States Army. When the Civil War came
+their sympathies were with the South. One husband promptly resigned and
+went with the Confederates. The other would not resign but his wife,
+being a very resourceful person, kept after him, not being able to stand
+having a husband in the hated Yankee army, until, during a temporary
+illness, she got him discharged as not fit for marching.
+
+Captain de la Roche having died, his widow was forced to take boarders
+at her table, and several of the Union officers availed themselves of
+the bountiful Southern fare. After a while the youngest daughter, who
+was a red-hot rebel, found herself deeply in love with a young Yankee
+doctor. I wonder if he was on duty at the hospital in the Seminary down
+the street? An engagement followed and the marriage was imminent, but
+she could not bring herself to confess to her friends that she was about
+to become the wife of one of the despised soldiers. Finally her mother
+told her she must at least tell Mrs. Cassin, their neighbor on the
+corner, who was very devoted to her. So she summoned all her courage and
+marched down the street. After a great deal of humming and hawing, she
+finally got out the news and asked Mrs. Cassin to come to the quiet
+wedding at the home next day, but said, "Please don't tell Mittie until
+it is over."
+
+Around the corner from Washington (30th) Street, at 3018 Dumbarton
+Avenue, is the house that Mr. George Green built for his large family,
+when he sold his place, "Forrest Hill," which was part of Rosedale, to
+President Cleveland for his summer home. This is now the home of Justice
+Frankfurter.
+
+Going westward along Dumbarton Avenue on the northern side of the
+street, now high up above it, stands the house where lived Jeremiah
+Williams, a prominent merchant, whose daughter married Paymaster Boggs.
+It is still sometimes called The Old Boggs Place.
+
+The great bank of earth there shows what a deep cut had to be made when
+the street was leveled in the days when Alexander Shepherd, as Governor
+of the District, performed the office of surgeon on the streets of the
+city. He made of it a wonderful job, but was roundly hated by many of
+the property owners whom he left sitting way up in the air, or
+contrariwise, down in a hole.
+
+The house is now divided into two houses--the one on the east, 3035, is
+the home of that fine commentator, Richard Harkness.
+
+Across the street at 3040 is where Dr. and Mrs. Louis Mackall, Senior,
+lived and their daughter, Miss Sally Somervell Mackall who wrote her
+book about Georgetown called _Early Days of Washington_.
+
+Before them the Edes family had lived there. The story is told of Miss
+Margaret, she who left the money for the Edes Home, one night, when she
+went up to her chamber, as they were called in those days, that she saw
+a man's boots protruding from under the bed. Instead of losing her head,
+she began whistling a little tune as she walked about the room, pulled
+out the bureau drawers as if looking for something, then went out of the
+room, closed the door and softly locked it, sent for the police and
+captured the burglar.
+
+On the northwest corner of Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street
+was the home of Judge Henry Henley Chapman, who came to Georgetown from
+Annapolis in the early twenties. He married Miss Mary Davidson, daughter
+of Colonel John Davidson whose brother Samuel was the owner of Evermay.
+Two of Judge Chapman's daughters married Francis Dodge, junior; first
+Jane, then Frances Isabella. His son, Edward, lived on in the home until
+his death when Mrs. Frances Isabella Dodge took it, had it remodeled
+somewhat, and entertained there a great deal. After her death it was
+bought by her stepson, of course also her nephew, Henry Henley Dodge,
+and I myself remember going to lovely parties given by his children in
+the big, old rooms.
+
+The house was pulled down about 1900 and a row of brick houses built in
+its place. It was a handsome house, facing on Dumbarton Avenue, painted
+a greenish tan, with long porches running along the back building
+overlooking the yard which extended back to Christ Church. In this yard
+were two very handsome trees, one a horse chestnut and one a magnolia.
+It was enclosed by an iron fence, one of the kind despised and pulled
+down in the nineties, and now being eagerly sought and replaced in doing
+over old houses.
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF JUDGE HENRY HENLEY CHAPMAN]
+
+There is a delicious story of how, in the long ago, when all five of the
+daughters were still at home, a wandering cow got in at the gate, and at
+four o'clock in the morning (I hope it was the summer time) Aunt Peggy
+Davidson roused all the girls to go out and get the beast out of the
+garden. An old colored man was passing, delivering milk, and was heard
+to exclaim, "Good Gawd, Mis' Chapman's yard is full of ghoses!"
+
+Immediately across from this house stood, and still stands, the old
+Berry house. It, too, shows how it was hoisted above the street when its
+level was changed. It was built by Philip Taylor Berry in the early
+1800's and no other family had ever lived there until his last daughters
+died, ripe in years.
+
+There were four of them, all old maids (Georgetown had five or six
+houses of four old maids in my childhood). These were in two sets, but
+the two older ones far outlived the two younger, who were always very
+retiring and delicate. When the last two were up in their nineties,
+being bed-ridden, one on one floor, the other on another, each with a
+nurse, they used to send messages to each other and exchange the novels
+which they read over and over again. At last, one night in the winter,
+the old house caught on fire and when the firemen got there it was so
+far under way that both old ladies had to be carried down ladders to the
+street, quite a perilous trip, which they both survived, however, and
+lived for several years thereafter.
+
+The two older sisters were descendants of John Stoddert Haw; the two
+younger, of Samuel McKenney and thereby, of course, of Henry Foxall. One
+of them, I heard all of my childhood was very, very pretty, but,
+although they were both great friends of my mother, I never saw her
+face, for she never went out of doors without a heavy, blue barege veil.
+It is said her eyes were weak but there was, too, a romantic story of
+her having been "disappointed in love," as they said in those days.
+
+[Illustration: OLD MCKENNEY HOUSE]
+
+A little farther west on Dumbarton Avenue on the north side of the
+street, above its stone wall topped with a white picket fence, is the
+old McKenney house. This is the house that Henry Foxall gave to his only
+daughter, Mary Ann, when she became the bride of Samuel McKenney in
+1800. Until a few years ago, there lived here her granddaughter, Mrs.
+McCartney and her children and grandchildren, the fifth generation to
+live in the old house.
+
+It was such a dear, sweet old house and the garden, too. At the marriage
+of the daughter of Mrs. McCartney, the lace wedding veil was the same
+that was worn long ago by Mary Ann Foxall, whose namesake she was.
+
+The old house was full of treasures and curios, an exquisite little
+white marble clock which once upon a time ticked off the hours for Marie
+Antoinette, that beautiful and tragic queen. It was presented to Henry
+Foxall by his friend and partner, Robert Morris, who had gotten it from
+Gouveneur Morris, he having bought it in Paris. Also there was lots of
+lovely old Spode china, and there is a story told of how Aunt Montie was
+found one day feeding the cats from the priceless dishes. When
+reprimanded, she explained she didn't want to use any of the "nice new
+china."
+
+In 1840 a maiden lady from Philadelphia came one day to have lunch, or
+midday dinner as I imagine it was in those days, and was planning to
+take the stage-coach for her return journey soon after the meal. She had
+been telling stories to the children and when the time for her departure
+neared, little Henrietta McKenney burst into tears; she didn't want such
+a delightful story-teller to go. Mrs. McKenney urged her to stay, so
+she agreed to stay for a day or two, at the end of that time, for a week
+or so. The time passed and she stayed on. Her visit lasted forty years,
+and was ended only by her call to another world. She had asked soon
+after her settlement into the home life for some duties so she took over
+the charge of the linen of the household and the making of the desserts.
+She had one fetich, the candles must be extinguished at ten o'clock. She
+had her way, even if guests were present--they were put out. She went to
+bed--they were relit. One night after her death, a young son of the
+house, about thirteen or so, was put to sleep in her room; at ten
+o'clock the candle just went out. Every night it happened; they hunted
+for drafts. No drafts could be located; the candles just always ceased
+to burn when the clocks reached the hour of ten.
+
+In this block about 1820 Mrs. Mary Billings, an Englishwoman, opened a
+school where she started to teach both colored and white children
+together, but a great deal of prejudice arising on the subject, she
+devoted herself entirely to the colored race and continued to do so for
+a number of years until she moved over to the city. Later, Mr. Street's
+school for boys stood here. It was just opposite the old McKenney house
+with a yard running down almost to High Street.
+
+The Methodist Episcopal Church on this block was formerly located on
+Montgomery (28th) Street. It had its beginning there in 1800. The church
+on the present site, which has a modern facade, was used as a Federal
+hospital during the Civil War, Dr. Peter being in charge of it as well
+as the Seminary.
+
+[Illustration: ST. JOHN'S CHURCH]
+
+On the other side of High Street stands St. John's Episcopal Church, the
+lot for which was given in 1796 by the Deakins' family. Reverend Walter
+Addison of Prince Georges County, Maryland, had visited George Town in
+1794 and 1795 and held occasional services, so a movement was started to
+build a church. Among the subscribers were Thomas Jefferson and Dr.
+Balch. The first rector was Reverend Mr. Sayrs of Port Tobacco in 1804.
+Five years later he died and was immortalized in an epitaph in the
+church, written by Francis Scott Key:
+
+    JOB: J. SAYRS
+
+    HU: EEL
+
+    RECTOR PRIMUS
+
+    HIC
+
+    (QUO CHRISTI SERVUS FIDELITES MINUS TRAVIT)
+
+    SEP: JAO
+
+    OB: 6 JAN. A. D. MDCCIX
+
+    AET XXXV
+
+    HERE ONCE STOOD FORTH A MAN, WHO FROM THE WORLD
+    THOUGH BRIGHT ITS ASPECT TO THE YOUTHFUL EYE,
+    TURNED WITH AFFECTION ARDENT TO HIS GOD,
+    AND LIV'D AND DIED AN HUMBLE MINISTER
+    OF HIS BENIGNANT PURPOSES TO MAN.
+
+    HERE LIES HE NOW--YET GRIEVE NOT THEN FOR HIM
+    READER! HE TRUSTED IN THAT LOVE WHERE NONE
+    HAVE VAINLY TRUSTED--RATHER LET
+    HIS MARBLE SPEAK TO THEE, AND SHOULDST THOU FEEL,
+    THE RISING OF A NEW AND SOLEMN THOUGHT
+    WAK'D BY THIS SACRED PLACE AND SAD MEMORIAL
+    O LISTEN TO ITS IMPULSE! 'TIS DIVINE--
+    AND IT SHALL GUIDE THEE TO A LIFE OF JOY,
+    A DEATH OF HOPE AND ENDLESS BLISS THEREAFTER.
+
+In 1807 the vestry included Charles Worthington, Washington Bowie,
+Thomas Corcoran, John Mason, Thomas Plater, Benjamin Mackall, Philip
+Barton Key, and William Stewart. A little later, in 1811, an old writer
+says: "At that time the church was thronged to an over flow with all who
+were most elevated in station and in wealth from the Capital; the pews
+in the gallery were rented at high rates and to persons of great
+respectability. The street before the church was filled with glittering
+vehicles and liveried servants."
+
+In 1831 the vestry failed to elect a rector as successor to Reverend Mr.
+James. For seven years, the church was closed, worse than closed, for it
+fell into disrepair to such an extent that the birds and the bats made
+their nests in it, so that it was called "The Swallow Barn." A sculptor
+rented it for his studio, which scandalized many of its old-time
+worshippers who hated to think of the statues of heathen gods and
+goddesses in the temple of the Lord. At last, in 1838, a vestry was
+elected, and from that time, St. John's has always flourished.
+
+In its chancel are paintings of the four evangelists done by the
+Reverend Mr. Oertel. He was also a wood-carver and a musician, and was
+from Nuremberg in Germany which, I suppose, explains why he was always
+called Master by his wife. They lived for a good while on Gay (N)
+Street. Mr. Corcoran bought several of his pictures for his gallery. His
+best known work was called "Rock of Ages," and represented a female
+figure with long hair and floating white garments clinging to an
+enormous cross. This picture was often used on Easter cards.
+
+Several years ago a large boulder was placed on the bank of the
+churchyard, bearing this inscription:
+
+                COLONEL NINIAN BEALL
+
+    BORN SCOTLAND  1625      DIED MARYLAND  1717
+
+            PATENTEE OF ROCK OF DUMBARTON
+
+           MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
+
+        COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF PROVINCIAL FORCES
+                    OF MARYLAND
+        IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF HIS SERVICES
+         "UPON ALL INCURSIONS AND DISTURBANCES
+                OF NEIGHBORING INDIANS"
+          THE MARYLAND ASSEMBLY OF 1699 PASSED
+                  "AN ACT OF GRATUITY"
+        THIS MEMORIAL ERECTED BY THE SOCIETY OF
+              COLONIAL WARS IN THE DISTRICT
+                   OF COLUMBIA, 1910
+
+Just behind the church and adjoining it on little Potomac Street, is a
+house where, fifty years ago, used to live two old maid sisters who were
+absolute hermits. Their food was drawn up in a basket which they let
+down to an old family retainer containing the money with which to do
+their purchasing. Whenever the organ was played in St. John's, they used
+to take a hammer and beat upon the wall as long as the music continued.
+
+The large yellow house at the southwest corner of Market (33rd) and
+Second (O) Streets is where Thomas E. Waggaman lived in the nineties. He
+built an addition on the west as an art gallery for his collection of
+pictures. It is now a separate house. Here, some years ago, lived Jouett
+Shouse at the time he formed his Liberty League. Recently, Colonel and
+Mrs. Alf Heiberg made it their home. They placed an eagle over the door
+and called it "Federal House."
+
+Right across the street stood a dear old house some years ago. It was
+white, with double piazzas all the way across the front. The yard was
+enclosed by a paling fence and from the gate a double border of box led
+to the door. It was the home of Dr. Hezekiah Magruder.
+
+About 1833 the family of Admiral James Hogan Sands lived there. William
+Franklin Sands, author of _Undiplomatic Memories_ was one of his sons.
+The old house was torn down about 1890.
+
+Across the street, at number 3318, is the home of Mr. and Mrs. David E.
+Finley. He is the Director of the National Gallery of Art.
+
+Number 3322 is the interesting old house where, in the forties and
+fifties lived Baron Bodisco, Minister from Russia to the United States.
+He had a very romantic marriage of which I shall tell later. Just before
+the marriage he purchased this house from Sally Van Devanter, who had
+inherited it in 1840 from her husband, Christopher Van Devanter,
+apparently, the builder of the house. Baron Bodisco, the same day he
+bought it, gave it to his fiancee, Harriet Beall Williams. Whether it
+was a wedding gift or whether, as a foreign envoy, he could not hold
+property, I do not know. She kept the property for twenty years until
+her remarriage to Captain Douglas Scott, when it was bought by Abraham
+H. Herr. During the Civil War, it was headquarters for the officers of
+the Second U. S. Regiment, whose enlisted men were quartered in Forrest
+Hall.
+
+[Illustration: BODISCO HOUSE]
+
+But to return to the period when it was owned and occupied by the Van
+Devanter family. During these years, they apparently had a most
+interesting guest, Mrs. Henry Lee, the widow of "Light Horse Harry," and
+the mother of Robert E. Lee. In Dr. Douglas Freeman's book _R. E. Lee_,
+he quotes two letters from Mrs. Lee written not long before her death
+from "Georgetown." She did not specify where she was, but Mrs. Beverley
+Kennon, many years afterwards, said that this was the house in which she
+resided.
+
+Also, the Van Devanter family, a few years ago, found among old books
+two books with inscriptions of names of the Lee family, evidently left
+there during this time.
+
+Here, at a ball one night, a young man who was making his entrance into
+Washington society under the care of a senator had the following
+experience. (The account is taken from _Harper's Magazine_):
+
+    This was my first entrance into fashionable life at one of Madame
+    Bodisco's birthnight balls. I was under the care of Senator ----. As
+    we entered the house, two tall specimens of humanity, dressed very
+    much like militia generals, in scarlet coats trimmed with gold lace
+    and white trousers, met us at the door. Thinking them distinguished
+    people, I bowed low and solemnly. They stared and bowed. "Go on,"
+    said the Senator, "don't be so polite to those fellows, they are
+    servants; give them your cloak." I hurried in pulling off my cloak
+    as I went. Just within the first door of the drawing room stood a
+    fat, oily little gentleman, bowing also, but not so magnificently
+    gotten up as my first acquaintances. Certain of my game now, I, in
+    superb style, threw over him my cloak and hurried on. Senator ----
+    pulled me back, and to the astonished little fellow now struggling
+    from under my broadcloth, I was presented. I had nearly smothered
+    the Russian Minister who, however, laughed merrily at the mistake.
+    He hardly knew what I would accomplish next, and left me as soon as
+    he possibly could, to my fate. I wandered about rather disconsolate.
+    The lights, music, dancing, fun and laughter, were all novelties and
+    charming for a while, but I knew no one after an hour's looking on,
+    hunted up the Senator and begged him to introduce me to some of the
+    young ladies. He hesitated a moment, and then consented, and I was
+    led up to and presented to a magnificent creature I had long looked
+    upon with silent admiration. Miss Gennie Williams, who was seated in
+    an easy, nonchalant manner, conversing with a circle of gentlemen,
+    and favored me with a gracious nod. As I stood wondering whether
+    this was the end of my introduction, a mustached dandy came between
+    us and said, "Miss Williams, permit me to relate the joke of the
+    season." To my horror he began the story of the cloak. My first
+    impulse was to knock him down, my second to run away; on my third I
+    acted. Interrupting the recital I said: "Begging your pardon, sir,
+    but Miss Williams, I am the only person who can do justice to that
+    joke," and continuing, I related it without in any way sparing
+    myself. She laughed heartily, as did the circle, and rising from her
+    chair, took my arm, saying kindly that I must be cared for or I
+    would murder some one. With a grace and kindness I shall never
+    forget, she placed me at my ease.
+
+Next door to this house, at one time, lived Hamilton Bronaugh.
+
+Just across the street, the big red brick Victorian house is where James
+Roosevelt and his family were living in his father's first
+administration.
+
+Around the corner on Frederick (34th) Street, the house which has a
+walled garden on the corner was the home of John G. Winant, when he was
+here before going as Ambassador to the Court of St. James.
+
+A block or two north of here, at 1524 Market (33rd) Street, was the old
+Yellow Tavern, much used by those going to and fro to Rockville and
+Frederick Town.
+
+On Fourth Street (Volta Place), where the playground is now, was where
+the old Presbyterian burying-ground used to be, which was the principal
+graveyard until Oak Hill was given to the town in 1849. Among the
+tombstones moved from there, when it was given up, were those of James
+Gillespie, member of Congress from North Carolina, who was the first
+member of that body to die after the removal of the seat of government,
+and John Barnes, who had been collector of the port, and who, in his
+will, left money for a poorhouse for Georgetown. He died in 1826 at the
+age of ninety-six.
+
+On Sixth Street (Dent Place), between Market (33rd) and Frederick (34th)
+Streets, was the house which Francis Deakins sold on February 8, 1800 to
+Old Yarrow, as he was called, one of the most mysterious and interesting
+characters of the early days. It is not known whether he was an East
+Indian or a Guinea negro, but he was a Mohammedan. He conducted a trade
+in hacking with a small cart, and his ambition in life was to own a
+hundred dollars. Twice he saved it and each time ill fortune overtook
+him. The first time he gave it to an old groceryman he knew to keep for
+him. The old man died suddenly and Yarrow had nothing to prove that he
+had had his money. So the next time he picked a young man to keep it for
+him. Then this one absconded. Some of the gentlemen of the town became
+so interested that they took up a collection and started an account for
+him in the Bank of Columbia. He must have been quite a figure in his
+day, for his portrait was painted by James Alexander Simpson, and is now
+owned by Mr. E. M. Talcott, who inherited it from Normanstone.
+
+Quite a number of attractive houses have been built in this neighborhood
+in the last few years and a good many "done over," all of them,
+fortunately, in the style suitable for Georgetown.
+
+They are very largely owned and occupied by people connected with the
+Government, many of them in the State Department. In one of these
+houses, a few years ago, lived the writer, Michael Strange, who had been
+the wife of John Barrymore.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XIII
+
+_Third Street, Beall (O) Street, West (P) Street_
+
+
+On the southeast corner of Third (P) Street and Frederick (34th) Street,
+the attractive, low, white frame house is where Doris Fleeson lives, who
+writes such interesting articles for _The Evening Star_.
+
+At 3327 is a fine tall old brick house painted yellow, which has for
+many years, until very recently, been the home of Hon. and Mrs.
+Balthasar Meyer. On the second story it has a lovely long music room
+used for dancing and by Sylvia Meyer, their daughter, the talented
+harpist of the National Symphony Orchestra.
+
+Some of the Key family lived here years ago, I suppose, of course,
+relatives or descendants of those two famous lawyers here, Philip Barton
+Key and his nephew, Francis Scott Key. And nearby lived another _real_
+Marylander named Mary Ritchie.
+
+And speaking of names, the strangest woman's name turned up in the title
+of 3321, which in 1818 was owned by Harry McCleery. He had five
+daughters and in his will left $3,000.00 to each of four of them; among
+these, one named Zerniah. To Clarissa, the fifth, he left the house he
+lived in (this house) and the stone houses on the corner adjoining, with
+all thereto belonging to be held in trust for her by her two brothers. I
+wonder if Clarissa was an invalid or if it was the law that, at that
+time, a woman could not hold property!
+
+This house later on in the eighties and for twenty years or more was the
+home of the Humes. Mr. Thomas L. Hume and his wife, Annie Graham
+Pickrell left a large family of children when they died early.
+
+Mr. Hume also owned a place a little way out of town. One day when
+General Grant, who was a friend of his, was there Mr. Hume said he
+couldn't think of a name for the place. General Grant looked around and
+noticing the walnut trees said, "Why not turn walnut around and call it
+"Tunlaw"?" And so Tunlaw Road came into being, back behind Mt. Alto
+Hospital.
+
+Just to the east of 3321 P Street was the old Lutheran burying-ground.
+About the time of the Civil War it seems to have been abandoned and the
+records lost. And near here stands the Lutheran Church, the fourth
+building on this site, for this church dates back to 1769, when it was a
+little log building. According to tradition, Dr. Stephen Bloomer Balch
+preached his first sermon here when he came to be Pastor of the
+Presbyterians. A prized possession of this church is a very old German
+Bible printed in Tuebingen in 1730. Another treasured possession is the
+bell, over a hundred years old, which, at one time, was purchased by a
+congregation in West Virginia, but after twenty-five years, was
+reclaimed and brought back by a faithful church Councilman and housed
+under a small stone structure of its own. It is believed to have been
+cast in Europe.
+
+Crossing High Street (Wisconsin Avenue) and cutting down to Beall (O)
+Street, one comes to what used to be Hazel's stable--his initials, "W.
+C. H." are in the bricks up in the peak at the top of the building. Here
+the doctors kept their carriages, here "hacks" were hired when needed
+for parties or funerals, and here was kept for a month or so every fall
+and spring my little bay mare, _Lady Leeton_, and the red-wheeled
+runabout which was brought in from Hayes for my use.
+
+I can see Mr. Hazel now in his buggy, he weighed about three hundred
+pounds and his side of the buggy almost touched the ground as he drove
+about town.
+
+At 3131, at the home of his daughter, is where General Adolphus Greeley
+was living several years ago when a very interesting event took place
+one spring afternoon, in 1935. I was walking down 31st Street when I
+heard the strains of "The Star-Spangled Banner." I wondered if I was
+hearing a radio but when I reached the corner of O Street I noticed a
+policeman and an Army sergeant chatting in the middle of the street and
+coming up O Street was Justice of the Supreme Court, Owen J. Roberts,
+bareheaded, with a lady, to whom he said, "They are probably saying,
+'Some old geezer named Greeley'!" So I glanced west down O Street and
+there, drawn up along the southern sidewalk, was a company of U. S.
+Cavalry, red and white guidon of Company F from Fort Myer. Then I
+realized that it was the day of days for General Greeley. At last, on
+his ninety-first birthday, he was being decorated with the Congressional
+Medal of Honor. It had been many a year since his fateful expedition to
+the Arctic in search for the North Pole.
+
+Just across the street from here now lives Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and
+a little farther on, the old house up on a low terrace is where the
+Lancastrian School was opened in November 1811 under Robert Ould. In a
+few weeks there were 340 boys and girls under tuition, and in 1812 an
+appropriation was asked for an addition to accommodate 250 more
+scholars.
+
+[Illustration: CHRIST CHURCH]
+
+The Lancastrian School was sustained by private contributions and
+municipal aid for thirty-two years. The name came from Joseph Lancaster,
+a Quaker, who started this system in England of coeducational schools,
+free to those who could not pay. Lancaster had a school of one thousand
+pupils in Southwark, but disagreements arising with some of the
+authorities, he emigrated to America in 1818. He died in New York in
+1838.
+
+About 1840, Samuel McKenney, whose house adjoined this property on the
+south, bought it and gave it to his daughter who had gone to southern
+Maryland to live, and so she came back to Georgetown. Her descendants,
+the Osbournes, lived there until just a few years ago when the "cult"
+for old houses in Georgetown began. When a garden was made there
+recently, some of the old foundations of the schoolroom were uncovered.
+
+Almost next door is the Linthicum Institute, which still conducts its
+night school for white boys, and above it is the hall where the old
+Georgetown Assemblies are still held. Here also Mrs. Shippen has her
+Dancing Classes, and here now my grandchildren are learning where I had
+my first lessons in the same art. The old hall looks just as it did in
+my day.
+
+Then at 3018 is Christ Church Rectory, where I happened to be born; it
+was not the rectory then.
+
+Christ Church, as you recall, was founded in 1817 in Thomas Corcoran's
+house. The illustration shows the first church building of the three
+which have stood on this spot. It was begun May 6, 1818, and the first
+service held at sunrise on Christmas Day that same year, the rector
+being the Reverend Ruel Keith, who was Professor of Theology at the
+College of William and Mary, and later, in 1823, with Dr. Wilmer,
+founder of the Theological Seminary, near Alexandria.
+
+Among the founders of Christ Church were Thomas Corcoran, William
+Morton, Clement Smith, Francis Scott Key, John Stoddert Haw, John Myers,
+Ulysses Ward, James A. Magruder, Thomas Henderson, and John Pickrell.
+The present building of Christ Church was erected about 1885. The
+windows which were made especially for it in Munich, Germany, are very
+beautiful. The big one in the north end was put there by W. W. Corcoran
+in memory of his father, Thomas Corcoran.
+
+I have heard from the daughter of one of the belles of the fifties,
+whose family were Christ Church people, that in those days the beaux
+might join a lady after church and escort her home, but under no
+circumstances did they entertain callers on Sunday. All of the food for
+Sunday use was prepared on Saturday.
+
+It was during the fifties that Dr. William Norwood was the rector of
+Christ Church. He was a Virginian and very outspoken in the expression
+of his political views in that day of heated opinions. So violent was
+the feeling that, although he had a brilliant mind and a saintly
+character, he was obliged to resign. He returned to his native State and
+was for many years the revered rector of St. Paul's, Richmond. I
+remember hearing that as a young man he had a classmate at college,
+Clement Moore, who one night came into his room, saying, "Norwood, I'd
+like to read you something I've written to see what you think of it." He
+sat down and read to him "The Night Before Christmas," that beloved old
+poem without which Christmas hardly seems like Christmas to me, even
+now.
+
+Dr. Norwood was followed several years later by Reverend Albert Rhett
+Stuart, under whose leadership the present church was built. I remember
+the big basket which was carried around by a fine-looking, tall colored
+woman with articles for sale for the benefit of the Ladies' Aid Society
+of Christ Church.
+
+The interesting white house over on the northeast corner was at one time
+the home of the Godeys, then of the Curtis family. When they lived
+there, "music filled the air," for a son and a chum of his used to sit
+out on the long, side gallery and play for hours on the violin and
+'cello. It was for several years the home of Justice and Mrs. Owen J.
+Roberts.
+
+Only two houses on this block are of any age. The little white cottage
+near the corner of Washington (30th) Street was the home of three Miss
+Tenneys and their sister, Mrs. Brown, who had a school for small boys
+and girls. Then the garden ran to the corner. The father of these ladies
+and of William H. Tenney had come to Georgetown from Newburyport,
+Massachusetts, in the early part of 1800.
+
+Just across from it, the large yellow mansion was the home of Commodore
+Cassin, built by him, I think, in the early 1800's. In 1893 Mr. and Mrs.
+Beverley Randolph Mason, of Virginia, opened here their school, Gunston
+Hall, named, of course, for Mr. Mason's ancestral home, which continued
+in Washington as a flourishing boarding school for girls for fifty
+years. After that, this building housed the Epiphany School, an
+Episcopal institution.
+
+The property along 30th Street here was all owned at one time by the
+Matthews family. Henry Cooksey Matthews came to Georgetown some years
+before 1820. He had been born in 1797 on the farm near Dentsville, in
+Charles County, Maryland, where his forbears had lived for four
+generations. He married his cousin, Lucinda Stoddert Haw, whose home,
+you remember, was on Gay (N) Street, and they built the large house on
+the southeast corner of Washington (30th) and West (P) Streets.
+
+Mr. Matthews and his wife were devoted members of Christ Church and
+named their son for one of its rectors, the Reverend Charles McIlvaine,
+who later became Bishop of Ohio. Mr. Matthews used to play the flute in
+the orchestra in Christ Church.
+
+Mr. Charles M. Matthews also married his cousin, who was a daughter of
+Thomas Corcoran, junior, and niece of W. W. Corcoran. Mr. Matthews,
+until his death, managed the estate of Mr. Corcoran. He built his home
+on the southern part of his father's lot at the northeast corner of
+Washington (30th) and Beall (O) Streets.
+
+Back in the eighties Miss Charlotte and Miss Margaret Lee came from
+Virginia and opened The West Washington School for Girls, sponsored by
+several of the gentlemen of Georgetown, in the old home of Henry C.
+Matthews. There, in the last year of its existence, I learned the
+beginnings of the three R's.
+
+Nearby, at number 3014 P Street, in the fifties and sixties, William R.
+Abbott conducted a well-known school for boys. At that time it was only
+a one-story building. Mr. Abbott was the son of John Abbott, whose home
+was on Bridge (M) Street. The Abbotts lived in the house on the west
+next door to the school. In later years it was occupied by the Lyons,
+Hartleys, and Parris families.
+
+In one of these houses was the school for boys founded by Dr. David
+Wiley and continued for twenty more years by Dr. James McVean.
+
+There is a fine row of houses just beyond here where have lived, at
+various times, the Magruders, the Kenyons, the Yarnalls, and, long ago,
+in the early 1800's, Colonel Fowler, who came from Baltimore and whose
+wife was a sister of Dr. Riley's wife, made his home at number 3030 West
+(P) Street.
+
+For many years this house was used as the rectory of Christ Church.
+There lived Dr. Norwood and his large family of daughters, all of whom
+left their impression on the City of Richmond in after years. Also, Dr.
+Walter Williams, and Dr. Albert Rhett Stuart, of South Carolina, who was
+for twenty-five years rector of Christ Church.
+
+The end house was the Morton's home for a great many years. Four
+unmarried sisters lived there long, long after their parents had gone.
+But parental influence was strong in those days, for one of them in her
+late seventies was still "engaged" to the love of her youth, disapproved
+of by her father. Once a week she met him and had lunch with him down
+town. He came sometimes to Sunday dinners, swathed in his long, black
+cape.
+
+During the fall great droves of cattle and flocks of sheep from western
+Virginia were driven through the streets and gathered at Drovers' Rest,
+two miles west of town. Some days many thousands filled West (P) Street
+from morn to eve, and, occasionally, a wild steer ran amuck and then
+there was great excitement. Also, large flocks of turkeys, hundreds of
+them, were driven up from lower Maryland and passed through the streets
+to pens on the outskirts of town, where one could go and pick out his
+own bird.
+
+Across the street at number 3019 is the house Mr. Linthicum built in
+1826. Thomas Corcoran, junior, made it his home from then until 1856,
+when it was bought by John T. Cochrane for his sister, Mrs. James A.
+Magruder, who brought up there her three nieces and one nephew. Two of
+the nieces, Miss Mary Zeller and Mrs. Whelan, lived on there all their
+lives. Miss Mary used to tell me many tales of old-time days and ways.
+The old house remained entirely unchanged until about twelve years ago,
+when it was bought and done over inside. It had a lovely stairway and
+dignified, square rooms.
+
+The row of three quaint little brick houses here seem to be an unknown
+quantity to even some of the oldest inhabitants and nearest neighbors.
+In number 3021, long ago, lived Horatio Berry, the brother of Philip
+Taylor Berry. In number 3025, the quaint locks on the doors all have on
+them a small, round brass seal, bearing the coat-of-arms of Great
+Britain, the lion and the unicorn rampant, also the name "Carpenter &
+Co.", and in the cellar are crossbeams hewn by hand.
+
+Next we come to a pair of cottages, changed from their pristine
+loveliness--now the "Mary Margaret Home," for old ladies. The one at
+3033 P Street in my girlhood was the home of Mrs. James D. Patton, the
+former Jennie Coyle. She gave me piano lessons for four years, but she
+gave me much more! She formed a group of girls into a King's Daughters'
+Circle, "The Patient Workers," which met at her house on Saturday
+mornings when we sewed and made articles which we sold at a Fair in the
+Spring. The proceeds were divided between the Children's Country Home
+and the Children's Hospital. There is still a brass plate in the
+hospital bearing the name, "The Patient Workers" for a bed we named.
+
+The two big houses on the northeast corner of West (P) Street and
+Congress (31st) Street were built by Joseph H. Libbey, a well-to-do
+lumber merchant. They continued to be in his family for a long time. The
+one on the east now is the Catholic Home for Aged Ladies. In front of it
+is the largest and most beautiful elm tree in Georgetown. The two houses
+at 1516 and 1518 Congress (31st) Street, Mr. Libbey built about 1850 as
+wedding gifts for his two daughters, Martha, Mrs. Benjamin Miller,
+becoming the owner of number 1516. It is still owned by her descendants.
+Number 1518 has changed hands several times. It was where Richard V.
+Oulahan, the well-known newspaper correspondent, lived until his death
+several years ago. At that time it was said of him: "He gathered news
+like a gentleman and wrote it like a scholar."
+
+Back in the eighties, a party was given at number 1518 one night for the
+young niece of two maiden ladies whose home it then was. The guests were
+about sixteen and seventeen years old, and the boys had all just arrived
+at the age where their most treasured possessions were their brand new
+derby hats. When the party broke up and the guests trooped upstairs to
+get their wraps, the young gentlemen found, on entering their dressing
+room, that on one of the beds reposed the crowns of all their derbies,
+while on the other, neatly laid out, were all the brims. The culprit was
+never caught. Only the other day one of the long-ago guests was told by
+the offender that he had been the originator of the diabolic idea.
+
+If you look west along the next block of West (P) Street, you notice how
+different are the north and south sides. Along the south side are houses
+of an absolutely different period. All those on the north side were
+built in the seventies or later, including the Presbyterian Church,
+except the one on the corner of Congress (31st) Street, which was the
+residence of General Otho Holland Williams, a Revolutionary officer, who
+was in the same company with General Lingan. His house has, of course,
+been completely changed and made into two houses. It was never
+beautiful, but it was a dignified old mansion, with high steps leading
+up to a quaint doorway.
+
+Across Congress (31st) Street, at number 3108 West (P) Street, the house
+with the high steps going up sideways was built by Judge Morsell about
+1800. For a while, the Barnards lived there. Then the Marquis de
+Podestad, Minister from Spain to this country, made it his residence.
+After the Civil War, General George C. Thomas resided there. Next door
+is where the Shoemakers have lived for many years.
+
+The house with the nice, old hipped roof was at one time owned by a
+Captain Brown. In the eighties and nineties the Misses Dorsey of
+Virginia had here a school for girls called "Olney Institute."
+Afterwards, Reverend Parke P. Flournoy, once a chaplain in the
+Confederate Army, lived here up into his nineties with his family.
+
+Still a little farther on, and incorporated with the old Tenney house,
+now owned by Mrs. Stephen Bonsal, is where Miss Jennie Gardiner had a
+school for little children about the same time as the Dorseys' school.
+For some time before the Civil War it was the home of the Reverend Mr.
+Simpson, whose wife was Miss Stephenson from near Winchester. Her
+father, whose home was Kenilworth, near there, made her a present of the
+house. Following the Civil War, it was for a long time the home of
+William H. Tenney, who had a prosperous flour mill.
+
+Just across the street from it, the imposing looking yellow house with
+the mansard roof is the one that Elinor Glyn bought and "did over," and
+then never lived in, as she decided to go back to England to her mother,
+who was in delicate health. Later it was the residence of Mrs. Isabella
+Greenway, Representative in Congress from Arizona.
+
+A block from here just above Q Street on what is now dignified by the
+name of 32nd, but will always remain to old Georgetonians, Valley
+Street, lived a very interesting character, still remembered by some
+people in Georgetown as "The crazy man of Valley Street."
+
+Among other shabby houses, one which was quite different in appearance
+and stood a little back from the street, with a tree in its tiny patch
+of a yard, was where he lived. It looked as if it had a story--and it
+had. It was told me not long ago by an old friend. I call him a friend,
+for whenever I went to the institution where he was a doorkeeper, I went
+back in memory to the years when he was our postman. In those days your
+postman was your friend. You thought over what your Christmas gift to
+him would be as much as a member of your family. Not like it is
+nowadays, when he drops your letters through a slit in the door. You
+don't know his name, you don't know what he looks like, you don't even
+know whether he is white or colored.
+
+This is the story of "the crazy man of Valley Street." During the Civil
+War, Captain Chandler was in command of a United States vessel cruising
+in the Chesapeake Bay searching ships carrying contraband. He was
+accused of making a traitorous remark and dismissed from the service.
+His family was living at the Union Hotel, but they left and went to New
+York to live. He took his savings and built for himself the little house
+on Valley Street. Its interior was made to resemble exactly the cabin of
+a ship.
+
+My friend told me that his first encounter with the old gentleman was
+one Monday morning about nine-thirty when, having been changed to this
+new route, he stopped to open the gate to deliver a letter. It was
+locked. He knocked. At last a window was thrown up and the old man's
+head emerged. He said the captain looked very much like the pictures of
+General Robert E. Lee.
+
+Seeing it was the postman with a letter, he said he would open the gate,
+so he pulled a rope--and presto! open it flew. He said he never opened
+it until ten o'clock in the morning and wanted to know if his mail could
+be delivered after that, which the carrier obligingly offered to do, by
+changing his route somewhat.
+
+After that, for years, Mr. Postman was a friend to the old man, though
+he never really entered the house. Each month a check for twenty dollars
+would come from a nephew in Chicago, which the postman would take to Mr.
+Berry with a note from the captain, asking to have it cashed, and
+specifying the number of dollar bills, fifty-cent pieces, quarters,
+dimes, nickels, and pennies. A little colored boy who lived nearby was
+commissioned occasionally to purchase necessary food, but the old man
+himself never went out except after dark.
+
+Finally, one day when the little boy came to do the errands, he could
+get no answer to his knock, so he got a man to lift him up where he
+could peer over the high board fence at the side and look into an open
+window. Through it he saw the old gentleman, sprawled out in a big
+chair, immovable. They broke into the house and found that he was
+paralyzed. He could not speak, but shook his head when they said they
+wanted to call help from the police. He was laid on a mattress on the
+floor, and before long, all his troubles were over.
+
+His nephew came from Chicago, bought a lot in Rock Creek Cemetery and
+had the old gentleman decently buried. But not long after, his son in
+New York, reading of it in the paper, came down and had his father
+reinterred in the family lot in Oak Hill. So, in death, the old
+gentleman was accorded the honor of two funerals.
+
+[Illustration: _Courtesy Frick Art Reference Library_.
+
+WASHINGTON BOWIE]
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XIV
+
+_Stoddert (Q) Street_
+
+
+Coming east from Valley (32nd) Street is the lovely old house which the
+Seviers bought in 1890. It has never had a name. It was built by
+Washington Bowie, another of the shipping barons. His wife was Margaret
+Johns before becoming Mrs. Bowie. This whole block was his estate and
+was entered in his day through the double iron gates on West (P) Street.
+The carriages passed up and around a circle of box to the path, bordered
+with box leading to the porch with its lovely doorway. The doors opening
+into the hall that runs right through are of solid mahogany with big old
+brass locks. In the dining room is an especially beautiful white wood
+mantel, carved with a scene of sheep and shepherds. The tradition is
+that L'Enfant planned the garden, and also left his spectacles lying on
+the piano.
+
+In 1805 the place was bought by William Nicolls of Maryland, whose wife
+was Margaret Smith, a descendant of Captain John Smith. They had two
+daughters, Roberta, who married William Frederick Hanewinckel of
+Richmond, and Jennie, who married Colonel Hollingsworth. The
+Hanewinckels used to come back to the old home sometimes in the summer,
+even to the grandchildren, and the descendants still love the old place
+and consider it their ancestral home, for they had it longer than any
+other family. Colonel Hollingsworth was the superintendent of Mount
+Vernon before Colonel Dodge. I remember Colonel Hollingsworth well, a
+tall, fine-looking old gentleman, with a long, white beard. Of course,
+in those days we went to Mount Vernon by way of the river, on the
+steamer _W. W. Corcoran_. It is still, I think, by far the most pleasant
+way to approach the dignified old mansion, and Captain Hollingsworth
+would often be on the boat and talk with us. I've never forgotten the
+dear old-fashioned nosegay he picked and gave me from Mrs. Washington's
+garden. Mrs. Hollingsworth was a tiny little old lady. I can see her now
+with her snow-white hair and her big, black bonnet. Poor soul, it was a
+terrible trial to her when the place had to be sold after her husband's
+death.
+
+[Illustration: THE SEVIER HOUSE (BUILT BY WASHINGTON BOWIE)]
+
+It was put up for auction in 1890, and Mr. and Mrs. John Sevier, who
+happened to be visiting Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dodge in Georgetown at that
+time, though they spent a great deal of their time in Paris, heard of
+the sale and bought the house on the spot. Mr. Sevier was a descendant
+of the famous Tennesseean of that same name. Later they added the wings
+extending far out on each side, which are really two charming little
+houses. The old garden is still full of wonderful box, and besides,
+there are lots and lots of lovely roses, the pride of their stately
+mistress.
+
+Mrs. Sevier told me of being at a spa in Germany one summer when she was
+young, with Mr. Sevier. When they asked for the first floor apartment
+instead of theirs on the second, they were told by the proprietor that
+it was engaged for "some Englishman; he did not know whom." It turned
+out to be the then Prince of Wales, Edward VII. The prince, on seeing
+her, asked to be presented. She was very beautiful then, tall and fair.
+She met him three times, in the garden or at the spring. When he was
+leaving, he asked to say good-bye. She, unthinkingly, stood on the step
+above him, (a terrible _faux pas_, she learned afterwards), gave him
+some roses, and he presented her with a bouquet surrounded by lace
+paper; it was the custom, always, on leaving a place.
+
+When my father built his house in 1884 on the southwest corner of
+Stoddert (Q) Street and Congress (31st) Street, it was in part of the
+orchard of the old Bowie place. Some of the pear trees were still there.
+Today there are six houses on the lot where his house stood with its big
+gables and its many porches, surrounded by a fine lawn in which he took
+great pride. This house caused a good deal of comment at the time of its
+building from the fact that it had a bathroom on every floor, one being,
+of course, a "powder room." But to have a bathroom in the basement for
+the servants in those days was unheard of. It was just as good as the
+others, a tin-lined tub, of course, would be horrible to the present
+generation!
+
+The house was always brimming over with people, young and old, for
+occasions both grave and gay. One very grave one happened about two
+years after we moved there, and another "first" in Georgetown was
+there--the first trained nurse in Georgetown. Early in the month of May
+diphtheria seized the eldest daughter, then about fifteen. Two days
+later, another succumbed, a beautiful little girl of five. There was no
+anti-toxin in those days. In four days little Eleanor Hope was dead. Two
+days later a little cousin visiting there, was taken, and two days later
+still, the three remaining well children were sent out one afternoon for
+a drive with Grandpa in the Dayton-wagon, an old-time version of the
+present-day station wagon. We thought it was kind of strange to go to
+drive in the rain, but it wasn't really raining hard, so we stopped
+where the Cathedral Close is now and picked bluets and violets. When we
+got home we were told we had a new little brother! Wildly excited, we
+rushed upstairs and assaulted the door of mother's room. It was opened
+by old Aunt Catherine, the colored mid-wife, who had been told not to
+admit anyone, but mother called us and in we went. An hour or so later I
+was the fourth victim of diphtheria! I still have vivid memories of it
+all, and of Miss Freese, the trained nurse.
+
+[Illustration: _Courtesy Bolling-Fowler_.
+
+THE GEORGE T. DUNLOP HOUSE]
+
+She wore a uniform of blue and white striped cotton, long to the floor,
+but, strange to say, her hair was short, unusual for those days. I can
+still see the animals she cut out of paper--elephants, horses, and cows.
+Dear Aunt Ellen and Auntie helped with the nursing, and father even
+stayed home some days to help!
+
+These were some of the grave days, now to come to the gay. I remember
+the big reception for father's and mother's silver wedding anniversary,
+when I and my two chums, I in red, one in white, and one in a blue
+dress, stood back behind this fine couple, thinking we were so
+wonderful! My best friend lived right across the street, and we rigged
+up a line from my window to hers on which we sent little notes by
+pulling the line around.
+
+My two elder sisters had many beaux, and I mean, "many." I can remember
+when some times twenty young gentlemen came to call on Sunday evening.
+Of course, there were not many "dates" in those days, unless to go to
+the theatre or a party of some kind, dancing or euchre.
+
+One Sunday night when the butler was off duty, my brother, home from
+Princeton, answered the door bell. A gentleman entered, asking if the
+ladies were at home; he handed his silk hat to John, then his cane, then
+his coat, and then, he said "Now, announce me!" He was announced! As he
+sat on the sofa by my cousin, a visitor from Kentucky, a real Kentucky
+belle, a horrified expression came over his face. She, thinking he had
+been attacked by the new disease, appendicitis, which she had heard was
+very painful, asked what was the matter, to which he replied, "I have
+just discovered I have on blue trousers instead of black!" He was in his
+full-dress suit.
+
+On our side of Congress (31st) Street was one of the houses holding four
+old maids, the daughters of John Davidson, one of the oldest names in
+Georgetown: Miss Adeline, Miss Nannie, Miss Kate, and Miss Martha. Their
+mother had died on her knees in Christ Church from a stroke.
+
+Across the street lived four maiden ladies by the name of Mix--one of
+their brothers married a Miss Pickle!
+
+Of course, before Stoddert (Q) Street was cut through, the Bowie house
+adjoined the property of Tudor Place, and they were on a level. I can
+remember when the street was paved, and now that it is one of the
+busiest boulevards of the city, it seems almost impossible to believe
+that back in the nineties a houseful of charming-girls, real
+old-fashioned belles, used often to "erupt" with their many beaux from
+their home on the neighboring corner, at eleven o'clock some evenings,
+and have a dance right in the middle of the street--two-steps and
+waltzes galore!
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF FRANCIS DODGE]
+
+On the southeast corner of Congress (31st) Street and Stoddert (Q)
+Street stood, until 1893 or 1894, the very interesting old house where
+Francis Dodge and his large family lived for many, many years. The
+illustration does not do justice to the dear old house, but I wanted to
+give some idea of it as a whole, so selected this one. The long,
+southern side overlooking the garden had tiers of white wooden galleries
+and the face of the house under them was plastered white. In the center
+of the long stretch of wall was a lovely, big doorway with a fanlight,
+of course, and at the end of the porch, a smaller door which entered a
+projecting wing of the house.
+
+The place was enclosed by a low, brick wall topped with a white picket
+fence, and standing near the corner was a gorgeous horse-chestnut tree.
+Whenever I see one now, I recall this particular tree with its lovely
+blossoms in the spring and their delicious fragrance. A flight of wooden
+steps led from a brick walk at the gate to the gallery, and another
+flight from the same walk down into the garden. Under the porch was a
+brick pavement where was the pump, and then there was the garden--a
+wonderful old garden adorned with a maze of box which, of course,
+enclosed flower-beds.
+
+The whole square, bounded by Congress (31st), West (P), Washington
+(30th), and Stoddert (Q) Streets, belonged to this estate. It was
+originally the property of Nicholas Lingan who owned the mill on Rock
+Creek, and who was a brother of General Lingan. At that time, these big
+places really were farms, with stables for horses, cows, pigs, and
+chickens.
+
+[Illustration: FRANCIS DODGE, SENIOR]
+
+In 1810 the property was bought by Francis Dodge, who, as I have said
+before, had come from Salem as a lad of sixteen to join his brother,
+Ebenezer, who was established in a prosperous coastwise shipping trade,
+dealing largely with the West Indies.
+
+One of the first experiences young Francis had, after his arrival in
+1798, was one afternoon when he returned from a row up the river, and as
+he was mooring his boat, he noticed an elderly gentleman hurrying down
+the street and out onto the wharf. The gentleman asked if the ferry was
+in yet, and when the boy turned to answer him and looked into his face,
+he saw that it was General Washington. Francis replied that the ferry
+had gone and, noting the terrible disappointment of the great man,
+offered to row him across the river in his own little boat. The General
+gladly accepted, and during the crossing asked the young man his name.
+"Francis Dodge, sir," the boy replied, at which the General exclaimed,
+"By any chance related to Colonel Robert Dodge, who served so gallantly
+with me during the War?" "Yes, General, he was my father." "Oh, indeed!"
+said he, "I am greatly pleased to know you, young man. You must come to
+Mount Vernon some time to see me."
+
+Whether or not Francis Dodge got to Mount Vernon before the General's
+death the following year, I do not know, but for over forty years his
+grandson, Colonel Harrison H. Dodge, was the honored superintendent
+there.
+
+Young Francis was taken into his brother's counting house, and a few
+years later, in 1804, was sent to Portugal to investigate trade
+conditions in Europe. In 1807 he married Elizabeth Thomson, a daughter
+of William Thomson, of Scotland. They first resided below Bridge (M)
+Street, west of High (Wisconsin Avenue), probably in Cherry Lane, where
+lived also, according to tradition, Philip Barton Key, the Maffits, and
+other families of distinction.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Dodge had the usual large family of those days, six sons
+and five daughters, and all grew to maturity. While they were still
+small children, however, the British came to Washington, causing great
+alarm to the citizens of George Town also. Mr. Dodge apparently sent his
+family out somewhere near Rockville, for this is a letter he wrote to
+his wife at that time. It gives an interesting picture of those exciting
+days:
+
+    Georgetown, Aug. 26, 1814, 12 o'clock A. M.
+
+    Dear Wife:
+
+    We have positive information that the British have left the City on
+    the Baltimore road, and passed the toll-gate last night. Some of
+    their pickets are still around the city.
+
+    We believe they are either going to their shipping on Patuxent or
+    direct to Baltimore; or that they received information of an
+    intention to attempt to cut them off. At all events I am satisfied
+    you would be perfectly safe here, and much more comfortable than
+    where you are. I wish yourself, the child, Emily, Frank, and
+    Isabella, to come home and bring, if you can, one bed. Peggy and
+    Betty can come if they please.
+
+    Not one Englishman has been in this town or within sight of Ft.
+    Warburton below. They have burnt all public property in the city. It
+    was a dreadful sight. The rope-walks in the city are destroyed. The
+    General Post Office and Jail stand. I hope they will not return here
+    again and can't think they will, they behaved well.
+
+    The town was very quiet last night and I got a good sleep for the
+    first time. I hope you are well.
+
+    Yours affectionately,
+
+    F. DODGE.
+
+    Aug. 27, 7 o'clock A. M.
+
+    After preparing yesterday to send this, William came and advised to
+    postpone till today. You can all come now in the stage, bringing all
+    the books and what else you can.
+
+    We have no news today but expect the British are near their
+    shipping. We have escaped wonderfully.
+
+The stage ran daily from George Town to Rockville. I think it was also
+called "the hack," for, in old letters from my own ancestors at Hayes,
+out in that direction, they write of "sending the seamstress out by the
+hack."
+
+As the boys approached years of discretion, not having been spoiled by
+sparing the rod, their father gave to each an identical circular,
+setting forth what should be their "guide through life." His admonition
+to "read the Bible daily and regularly," was based upon his own
+remarkable habit in that respect. That he managed to read five chapters
+consecutively every morning and thus encompass the whole in seven
+months, is borne out by the periodic notations in his Holy Book. The
+circulars read as follows:
+
+    My practice (and my advice to all) is: if you wish to appear decent
+    shave every morning below ears and nose, cut your hair short all
+    over the head, wear white cravats, no boot-straps or pantaloon
+    straps.
+
+    If you expect or desire to live in old age with few pains, and in
+    the meantime be clear headed and well, and thriving in your
+    business, rise before the sun, retire early, taking seven to nine
+    hours in bed. Eat regularly and moderately of plain food, plainly
+    cooked; no desserts except green fruit, drink no kind of liquor
+    except water and the like; use no tobacco in any way.
+
+    Read five chapters in the Bible regularly through, before breakfast,
+    support religious societies and go to church twice every Sabbath
+    Day. Take moderate exercise, attend to your business and keep it
+    always in order and under your Government, never over-trade, hold
+    your word as binding as your bond, be security for no one, seldom
+    any good comes of it, but often miserable distress.
+
+    Be as liberal as you can, consistently, to your kin, if in need and
+    worthy, perform all your duties to your family and neighbors.
+
+    The above I practice almost to the letter.
+
+    F. DODGE.
+
+    P. S.--Again, say little or nothing about yourself, your family, or
+    your business. Talk but little--listen.
+
+    Speak as well as you can of all, expose faults only when you believe
+    it well to do more good than harm, all have foibles and few are free
+    from faults, most, some good traits of character.
+
+    This post script I am endeavoring to practice.
+
+    F. DODGE, 1847.
+
+    Act well your part, there all the honor lies, Read, heed!
+
+    The above attended to with strict economy, industry and like, will
+    carry you through this life with honor and credit.
+
+The education of the two oldest sons, Francis, junior, and Alexander
+Hamilton, seems to have been planned to fit them specially for
+commercial life, to succeed their father in his well-established
+business. Francis was sent to Georgetown College and Alexander to
+Princeton--he graduated in 1835. Robert Perley Dodge graduated from
+Princeton in two years, standing fifth in a class of seventy-six. He
+then entered a school of engineering in Kentucky. In six months he
+completed a major course. He rated so high that he was offered a
+professorship in mathematics, but declined, and became a civil engineer.
+
+[Illustration: THE SONS OF FRANCIS DODGE, 1878]
+
+William and Allen Dodge received special practical training in
+agriculture and animal industry at the Maryland Agricultural College.
+Mr. Dodge bought William a farm near Hagerstown, and for Allen one
+near Bladensburg, but, due to the Civil War and the abolition of slaves,
+both of these highly developed ventures failed, and the farms were sold.
+Charles, the youngest, attended Georgetown College, and took up
+commercial and export business. In 1862 he was offered command of a
+Confederate regiment but declined, being a Unionist. He accepted,
+instead, the rank of major and paymaster in the Federal Army and served
+throughout the war. For a time he was interested in gold mining in
+Maryland, and in 1889 succeeded his brother Frank (then deceased) as
+collector of customs of the District of Columbia.
+
+On the twelfth of June, 1849, a remarkable event took place in this old
+house--a wedding ceremony at four o'clock in the morning of four of the
+children of Mr. and Mrs. Dodge. Adeline was married to Charles Lanman;
+Virginia to Ben Perley Poore, a well-known correspondent of _Harper's
+Weekly_ in those days; Allen Dodge to Miss Mary Ellen Berry, and Charles
+Dodge to Miss Eliza G. Davidson of Evermay. The weddings were celebrated
+at this unusual hour so that the bridal couples could take the regular
+stage leaving Georgetown for Baltimore at five o'clock. At least it was
+a cool time of day for the celebration, and how beautiful it must have
+been with the dew lying on the box and the roses, and the birds
+twittering their sunrise notes. What a jolly time these four couples
+must have had, starting off together. Let us hope their spirits were not
+too much dampened by the fact that their father would not witness the
+ceremony, as it was at variance with his religious scruples that it was
+not conducted in a church. Reverend N. P. Tillinghast, then the rector
+of St. John's Church, must have officiated, as the Dodges were always
+ardent supporters of St. John's.
+
+The only two members of the family who did not marry were Miss Emily and
+Miss Elizabeth Dodge. They were the eldest of the girls, and I imagine
+that practically no one could get up the nerve to ask the old gentleman
+for their hands. Major Ben Perley Poore used to say that the most
+momentous hour he could remember was the one spent in Mr. Dodge's office
+waiting to see him to ask for the hand of Virginia, and he had faced
+guns when he said that.
+
+In 1851 Francis Dodge died at the age of sixty-nine. He was a very good
+citizen; his judgment was sought on all matters of public interest
+connected with the town, besides exercising a controlling influence over
+commercial transactions. At that time tropical fruits such as oranges
+and bananas were luxuries, and it is remembered that Mr. Dodge used to
+send baskets of them around to his friends whenever one of his vessels
+would arrive from the West Indies.
+
+When I was a little girl, living across the street on the opposite
+corner from this house, it was always spoken of as "Miss Emily Dodge's."
+I can remember her well when she would come out on the gallery and walk
+up and down. She seemed never to go away from the house. She was rather
+small, had snow-white hair in long curls about her face, and was usually
+wrapped in a white shawl. I have been told that she was terribly afraid
+of fire and burglars, so slept fully dressed. Each morning she bathed
+and re-clothed herself. At night she lay down and slept as she was. At
+the time I remember, Miss Emily occupied part of the big wing of the
+enormous house and Allen Dodge and his wife were living in the lower
+floors of the wing. His wife was quite an invalid, and I do not
+recollect ever seeing her.
+
+The main part of the house was occupied for one winter by Dr. Stuart,
+the rector of Christ Church, and his family while the new rectory at
+number 1515 31st Street was being built.
+
+After the death of Miss Emily Dodge, the place was sold to close the
+estate, and pulled down, thereby deleting from Georgetown one of its
+most distinctive and charming features which today would have been
+invaluable. I remember weeping bitterly when I heard it was to be torn
+down; even then, a half-grown girl, I loved old houses.
+
+The two cottages on West (P) Street at numbers 3033 and 3035, were built
+by Mr. Dodge. In the latter, until her death, lived Mrs. Charles Lanman
+(Adeline Dodge). Mr. Lanman was a native of Newburyport, Massachusetts.
+He was a very scholarly man, wrote _A Life of Daniel Webster_, who was
+his friend, and other books, and for a long time was connected with the
+Japanese Legation.
+
+For many years they had a young Japanese girl, Ume Tschuda, making her
+home with them while she was being educated in this country. The Lanmans
+had no children of their own, and looked upon her almost as an adopted
+daughter. She has had a very remarkable career as head of an important
+school in Japan.
+
+Another house built by the Dodges on their farm is the one on 30th
+Street, now doubled in size and occupied by Dr. Gwynn. Here Henry H.
+Dodge lived until he moved into his mother's former home, the Chapman
+house, on Congress (31st) Street and Dumbarton Avenue.
+
+On the southeast corner of Stoddert (Q) and Washington (30th) Streets,
+what is now Hammond Court, an apartment, was the house built by Francis
+Dodge, junior. In the group picture shown, he and Alexander Hamilton
+Dodge are the two seated in the middle of the front row. A. H. Dodge is
+the only brother not adorned with a beard. Was there ever a more
+wonderful display of six stalwart handsome brothers? In fact, good looks
+are to this day inherent in the Dodge family.
+
+I have already told a good deal of the history of Francis Dodge, junior,
+of his marriage to the two daughters of Judge Chapman. He had a son and
+a daughter by each wife.
+
+In 1851, at the death of Francis Dodge, senior, his splendidly
+established West Indies business continued under the management of the
+eldest sons, the name being changed to F. & A. H. Dodge. On the basis of
+their business alone, Georgetown was made a port of entry and a custom
+house was established here.
+
+Each year there was a sale for buyers from large cities in the North on
+the Dodges' wharf. It was quite an occasion. The counting house was
+capacious, and decorated with all sorts of curios from the tropics:
+sharks' jaws, flying fish, swordfish and sawfish; elaborate lunches were
+served to the patrons, with cigars and drinkables; chairs and benches
+were placed out on the platform overlooking the river. On summer
+afternoons, this was a great meeting place for the friends of the two
+Dodges.
+
+Many bidders assembled on these advertised dates, hauling commodities
+away as purchased, some to the rail depot, some to storage, which kept
+the firm officials and stewards busy. One of the faithful employees was
+Richard McCraith, a newly arrived Irishman from Cork. He had that noted
+propensity of his race for getting orders twisted, but his endeavors to
+do right were so earnest and conscientious that his unintentional errors
+of judgment were condoned. One urgent order from a patron asked for
+delivery to bearer of two sacks of coarse salt. For its hauling the
+bearer had a cart. "Here, Richard, go with this man to the warehouse on
+High Street and see that his cart is backed up close to the door. The
+salt is stored in the third floor. Load it carefully on the hand truck,
+wheel it to the window and let it down 'by the fall'--do you get that
+straight?" "Yis sir, yis sir!" Presently a man burst into the office,
+exclaiming excitedly, "That wild Irishman of yours has raised hell up
+the street. He dumped a sack of salt weighing 200 pounds from the third
+story to the cart underneath, broke both wheels, and the horse has run
+away with the wreck." (Enter Richard!) Said the angry boss, "Now, what
+the devil have you done?" Richard: "Yis sir. Didn't you tell me to let
+it down 'by the fall'? I did, sir."
+
+In 1867 Francis Dodge, junior, sold this fine house to Henry D. Cooke.
+In 1877 he was appointed collector of customs. He was quite an old
+gentleman by that time, and the glories of Georgetown's maritime trade
+were beginning to be a thing of the past. In fact, with the coming of
+the railroads, the huge business of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was
+injured, and from then on the commercial importance of the town began to
+dwindle.
+
+Henry D. Cooke, who purchased this house, was the brother of Jay Cooke,
+and came to Washington to manage a branch of his brother's large banking
+enterprise. He was an intimate friend of General Grant, and I have read
+that the general was so fond of his company that he would sit in his
+carriage for an hour outside Mr. Cooke's place of business, waiting for
+him to go driving.
+
+Claude Bowers, in his most interesting book _The Tragic Era_, speaks of
+a brilliant ball given the night before the "breaking of the bubble of
+the Credit Mobilier" in 1873, by Henry D. Cooke. It was in this house
+that the ball took place. Can't you picture the coaches as they rolled
+up to the door, discharging the ladies in their crinolines, laces,
+satins, and flowers, attended by the gentlemen wrapped in the long
+cloaks of that period? Kate Chase Sprague was in the height of her
+beauty and power at that time and was, of course, among the guests on
+that fateful night.
+
+Mr. Cooke was the first governor of the District of Columbia when that
+new form of municipal government was begun, to last through only three
+terms. There were twelve children in the Cooke family then living in
+this house. They were ardent members of St. John's Church--the font
+there being in memory of one little son. Mr. Cooke built Grace Church,
+the little gray stone church down below the canal near High Street
+(Wisconsin Avenue). It was intended for the canal people of whom there
+were many at that time.
+
+Governor Cooke bought a great deal of property and built four sets of
+twin houses along the north side of Stoddert (Q) Street, which were
+called, until a few years ago, Cooke Row. In Number One, near Washington
+(30th) Street, lived one family of his descendants, one of whom, a young
+man, played the piano very well. In Number Three, lived Mrs. Shepherd
+from Philadelphia, a widow, who had one son. He was the first person I
+ever knew to commit suicide. It was a terrible shock to the town when we
+heard one morning that he had shot himself the night before. It was not
+such a common event in the nineties as nowadays.
+
+In one of these houses lived Commodore Nicholson, and in another lived
+Admiral Radford, whose lovely daughter, Sophy, became the bride of
+Valdemar de Meisner, secretary of the Russian Legation. In Number Four,
+lived Mrs. Zola Green with her daughter and her two sisters, named
+Pyle--one of them was called Miss "Chit-Chat." Mr. Green, who was a
+descendant of Uriah Forrest, had been given the name of Oceola after the
+Indian Chief who had saved the life of his father years ago out West.
+
+At Number Five Cooke Row, now 3021 Q Street, lived during the nineties,
+Dr. Walter Reed, of the United States Army, whose name is honored by
+being given to the huge General Hospital in Washington because of his
+association with the discovery of the cause of yellow fever. I recall a
+most delightful party at the Reeds on St. Valentine night in 1899, given
+for friends of their son. When the invitations were sent out, we were
+told the name of the young man or girl to whom our valentine was to be
+written. It was at the time of the tremendous blizzard of that year, and
+we walked to the party between drifts of snow piled higher than our
+heads. But it was anything but cold when we got inside--open fires and
+jollity! Dr. Reed read aloud the poems, one by one, and we had to guess
+the authors and to whom they were addressed. In the library, ensconced
+in mysterious gloom, seated in a corner on the floor was a
+fortune-teller. It was a perfect party!
+
+Next door, at Number Six Cooke Row, for a great many years, lived
+William A. Gordon, junior, and his family. Mr. Gordon wrote some very
+valuable brochures of historical interest about Georgetown and his
+memories of it from his childhood. This house is now the home of Mrs.
+Henry Latrobe Roosevelt. During World War II, this was the home of Sir
+John and Lady Dill, when he was here representing Great Britain on the
+Joint Chiefs of Staff.
+
+At Number Seven lived the Misses Trapier--four old maids again!
+
+J. Holdsworth Gordon, brother of William A. Gordon, built a house across
+the street. For him the Gordon Junior High School has been named, he
+having been for a long time on the board of education.
+
+Next door to him on the east, at number 3020, is an attractive old
+house, and in the nineties it was filled with a family of four charming
+daughters. They were related to the Carters of Virginia, and so had
+given two of the most imposing names of that great family to two small
+fox-terriers that they adored, "King Carter," and "Shirley Carter." The
+latter had met with an accident and had to have one of his hind legs
+amputated, but he got about very nimbly on his other three. They always
+accompanied Colonel B. Lewis Blackford, the head of the house, on his
+trips about town. One day as he was nearing home, an old lady who walked
+with a cane was just about to pass him when "Shirley Carter" hopped
+immediately across his path; "Get out of my way, you damn tripod!" he
+said, in his exasperation, just escaping being tripped up. The old lady,
+thinking the "tripod" referred to her adjunct of a cane, was quite
+infuriated, even to summoning across the street a gentleman who was
+passing, and to wishing him to "call the Colonel out!"
+
+A little further eastward along Stoddert (Q) Street, on the northeast
+corner is the house Mr. Joseph Nourse built in 1868, and where his
+daughter, Miss Emily Nourse, lived all her life. After her death, it was
+sold and somebody put two old lamp-posts at the foot of the entrance
+steps with gas flickering in them continuously--and now there is a story
+around that they were "always" there, and some foolishness about the
+lights "never had gone out" or "must never go out."
+
+Across the street, where the Stoddert Apartment now is, used to be an
+old house, in appearance quite like the one of Judge Chapman's on
+Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street, except for the long, side
+porches. Here lived in the seventies and eighties General Henry Hayes
+Lockwood and his family. His son, James Lockwood, accompanied General
+Greeley on his trip to the North Pole, and was lost there in the Arctic,
+holding the record at that time of having reached farthest North.
+
+A block south, on the northeast corner of Greene (29th) and West (P)
+Streets, is where Alexander Hamilton Dodge lived, who was a partner with
+his brother, Francis, in the shipping business. He was the father of
+Colonel Harrison H. Dodge.
+
+In the days when his children were young, he had a big Newfoundland dog
+which he had raised from a puppy. One rarely sees one now, as tall and
+as big as a half-grown calf, with a coat of wonderful black, curly hair.
+Such pets used to be quite popular, but only once in forty years have I
+run across another. The Dodge's dog was named Argus. So strong and
+docile was he that two children could ride him at the same time. He
+loved the children, took them to school, and gave them "lifts" over wet
+or muddy ground. Do you remember "Nana," in _Peter Pan_? She was a
+Newfoundland dog--just so she nursed her master's children. Returning
+from escort duty in the morning, a locked container was fastened to his
+collar and he would be given the word "office," which was enough. Off
+he'd go, proudly bearing luncheon to his master, who, in return, would
+send back to the family the daily mail (no postmen to deliver in those
+days), perfectly confident of its reaching its destination safely, as
+everybody knew the big dog, and also that he would resent any attempt to
+stop him or take things from him.
+
+One day the cook complained to Mr. Dodge that somebody had evidently
+been robbing the hen's nests, as she was getting fewer eggs than usual.
+Mr. Dodge, going to investigate, met Argus coming down the path from the
+barn wagging his tail majestically, as was his wont when approaching his
+master. Mr. Dodge stopped and held out his hand, saying, "Argus, give me
+that egg," whereupon the obedient dog opened his mouth and out rolled an
+egg, to the great surprise of Mr. Dodge. Did he punish Argus for that?
+Not at all, but he told him he was sorry he was a robber and hoped he'd
+never have cause to scold him again. And he never did!
+
+The interesting-looking house to the east of Hamilton Dodge's, 2811 P
+Street, was built in 1840. That is where the Gordon family were living
+when William A. Gordon, junior, came back from the Civil War. Certainly,
+that must have been a joyous occasion, and there were happy hearts
+within the old walls that night. His sister Josephine (Mrs. Sowers),
+Margaret Robinson (Mrs. Thomas Cox), and Elizabeth Dodge (Mrs. John
+Beall), all exceedingly handsome women, were belles in their youth,
+and a trio of great friends to the end of their lives.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM A. GORDON]
+
+The family of Admiral Sigsbee were living here when the U. S. battleship
+_Maine_, of which he was the captain, was blown up in the harbor of
+Havana in 1898. His wife was a daughter of Admiral Lockwood. It is now
+the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Ihlder.
+
+At 2805 P Street lives Honorable Dean G. Acheson, now Secretary of
+State. For a while, in the latter part of the last century, a quaint and
+very well-known lady made this house her home--Miss Emily V. Mason, of
+Virginia, from whom Mr. Corcoran received friendly and grateful letters,
+thanking him for contributions to her work for "her children," as she
+called them. The letters were written from Europe. She evidently had
+groups of Southern children in various cities for whom she provided,
+using for that purpose money made by her writings, to which she refers.
+I remember how picturesque she was in appearance: a lovely face,
+surrounded by long, white curls, crowned by a wide-brimmed, black bonnet
+tied with a wide ribbon. She seemed to have quite a salon during her
+residence here, serving tea and substantial refreshments to all her
+friends who called in the afternoons.
+
+The iron fence around these houses is made of old musket barrels, used
+during the Mexican War, and was put there by Reuben Daw, who owned a
+large part of this block.
+
+Just across the street from Mr. Acheson used to live a lady, the widow
+of Mr. Hein, the artist, who like "Anna" in the Bible spent all her days
+in the "courts of the Lord," the Catholic Church. She always wore a long
+black coat and a crepe veil to her heels, rode a bicycle back and forth
+to church, the long veil floating out behind. One evening she was struck
+by an automobile and killed instantly. The niece to whom she had left
+her little house had made an arrangement with a middle-aged woman living
+there that if she took care of "Aunt Martha" she could have the house
+tax free all her days. Her days are still continuing--and with all the
+advance in prices of houses, the niece can't do a thing about the house!
+
+The dear little white frame cottage just above here on Montgomery (28th)
+Street, was built about 1840, and occupied by Benjamin F. Miller, who
+came from Saugerties, New York, as an engineer, to construct the
+Aqueduct Bridge which carried the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal across the
+river to Virginia. And, on the corner of Montgomery (28th) and Stoddert
+(Q) Streets is the last of the big Dodge houses on the corners of
+Georgetown. It is the one built by Robert Perley Dodge in 1850. He and
+his brother, Francis Dodge, junior, used practically the same plans for
+their houses. Robert Dodge was a civil engineer, and, I think, had
+something to do with the planning of the Aqueduct Bridge.
+
+At the outbreak of the Civil War, Robert Dodge became a paymaster in the
+Union Army. After the war, he became identified with the government of
+the District of Columbia, serving as treasurer and auditor for several
+years until he died. It is said he planted the enormous maple trees that
+adorn this block of 28th Street.
+
+During the first World War, when this house had stood a long time
+untenanted and sad, it was opened up as a night club called "The
+Carcassonne," and postals were sent out advertising "Coffee in the Coal
+Bin." These were the days of prohibition. Somebody who lived there
+played the piano, incessantly. The Ballengers had lived here; the
+Powells, and Major Gilliss; and then Mrs. Ruth Hanna McCormick (now Mrs.
+Albert Simms), lived here until she bought three houses down on 30th
+Street below N Street, and made them into one very attractive house with
+an unusual and lovely garden.
+
+Later Honorable Warren Delano Robbins, a first cousin of Franklin D.
+Roosevelt and one of the ushers at his wedding, and at one time Minister
+to Canada, bought this house, changed it somewhat and made it very
+lovely in its new dress of yellow paint on the old plaster.
+
+When he went to Ottawa he leased it to Honorable Dwight F. Davis, former
+Secretary of War, once Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, and
+also donor of the Davis Tennis Cup.
+
+It has now for several years been the home of Mrs. William Corcoran
+Eustis. She is the daughter of one-time Vice-President Paul Morton.
+
+Just across the street from here is the house that Honorable and Mrs.
+Robert Woods Bliss bought when they gave their fine estate, "Dumbarton
+Oaks," to Harvard University. This house was built by Mr. Thomas Hyde
+and was where he and Mrs. Hyde lived till the end of their days. She was
+Fannie Rittenhouse and had grown up in the old house close by, known for
+a hundred years as "Bellevue," but renamed "Dumbarton House," when the
+National Society of Colonial Dames of America bought it for their
+Headquarters in 1928. It is one of the finest, most beautiful, and most
+interesting of the old places of Georgetown. It has always been somewhat
+shrouded in mystery, as to its builder and owner. We do know, of
+course, that this was part of the grant of the Rock of Dumbarton to
+Ninian Beall and, through his son, George, descended to Thomas, who, in
+1783 made his first Addition to George Town. Thomas may have built a
+small house here, but this was not the house where his father, George,
+was living when his wife died and was "buried nearby"--that was on Gay
+(N) Street at the house now 3033 N Street.
+
+In 1796 Thomas Beall of George sold this property to Peter Casanave,
+who, two months later, sold it to Uriah Forrest. He kept it for a
+year--never lived there--and sold it to Isaac Pollock. There was wild
+speculation in real estate at that time on account of the new Federal
+City being located here. After one year Pollock sold the property to
+Samuel Jackson.
+
+It seems that it was then that Samuel Jackson started to build this
+mansion, but got into financial difficulties and it was mortgaged to two
+or three people and finally foreclosed. In 1804 the place was bought by
+Gabriel Duval, then Comptroller of the Currency of the United States,
+afterwards a Justice of the Supreme Court.
+
+In 1805 Joseph Nourse, Registrar of the United States Treasury, who had
+been until that time living on Congress (31st) Street in George Town,
+bought it and lived there until 1813. He had this position from 1789 to
+1829 and was in charge of moving all the records of the Treasury
+Department when the Government moved from Philadelphia to the new
+capital in Washington.
+
+Mr. Nourse had been born in London in 1754; came to Virginia and fought
+in the Revolution. He was secretary to General Charles Lee and Auditor
+of the Board of War. His wife was Maria Louisa Bull of Philadelphia,
+and they had two children, Charles Joseph Nourse, who became a Major in
+the Army, and Anna Maria Josepha, who was a lovely girl and took part in
+the prominent social affairs of the new city. She is spoken of in the
+diary of Sir Augustus Foster, British Minister of that period.
+
+When the National Society of Colonial Dames had this house restored, a
+penny bearing the date 1800 was found in one of the front walls where
+such an identification was often placed, and architects think that
+Samuel Jackson began to build this house, using perhaps the little house
+that was on the property as a wing, and that then Joseph Nourse took it
+over and was really the builder of this fine mansion. It was probably
+intended for entertaining for his beloved daughter, for, after her
+death, which occurred at one of the Virginia springs one summer, he sold
+the place and moved out to a small frame house on a high hill
+overlooking the Federal City. He called his new home "Mount Alban,"
+because it reminded him of the place of the same name in England. It was
+there that the first British martyr, Saint Alban, was killed. Mr. Nourse
+was a very religious man and used to walk about in the grove of oak
+trees surrounding his house and pray that some day a House of God might
+stand upon that spot; that is exactly where the Washington Cathedral is
+now being erected.
+
+Mr. Nourse had many famous guests visit him in his modest home
+there--among them: Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, and
+John Quincy Adams.
+
+Mr. Nourse's son, Major Charles Joseph Nourse, married Rebecca Morris
+whose father, Anthony Morris, of Philadelphia, was an intimate and
+life-long friend of Dolly Madison. Major Nourse built the old stone
+house out on the road to Rockville and called it "The Highlands."
+Tradition says that a large box bush at "The Highlands" has grown from a
+tiny sprig of box which Mrs. Madison plucked from her bouquet at the
+inauguration of her husband and gave to Mr. Morris.
+
+[Illustration: DUMBARTON HOUSE]
+
+"The Highlands" was a large household, for Major and Mrs. Nourse had
+eleven children, and Mr. Morris resided there also. They have been a
+very remarkable family, noted for their longevity, their steadfast,
+noble character, and their loyalty to the Episcopal Church. It was from
+the prayers and savings of Phoebe Nourse, who died as a young girl, that
+St. Alban's Church has risen on that ground which she wished to dedicate
+to the glory of God.
+
+"The Highlands" many years later became the home of Admiral and Mrs.
+Gary T. Grayson.
+
+But to return to the old house which blocked Stoddert (Q) Street or Back
+Street, as it was sometimes called. Mr. Nourse sold this house, his
+Georgetown home, in 1813 to Charles Carroll, who gave it the name of
+Bellevue, and thereafter always styled himself "of Bellevue." He was a
+nephew of Daniel Carroll, of Duddington. He also was a great friend of
+Mrs. Madison's, and helped her in her dramatic escape from the White
+House when the British were on their way to burn and plunder it. There
+has always been a story that Daniel Carroll brought her over the road to
+Georgetown, crossing at the P Street bridge, and that she stopped by
+Bellevue. There she is supposed to have met Mr. Madison whom she had not
+seen since early morning. This was the day of the Battle of Bladensburg
+when confusion reigned supreme. At the meeting Mr. and Mrs. Madison
+agreed on the routes and rendezvous of retreat.
+
+From old letters it seems that she continued on out of town to "Weston,"
+the estate of Walter S. Chandler, which was situated near the present
+junction of Massachusetts and Wisconsin Avenues. I can dimly remember
+the quaint white, frame house and the legend of Dolly Madison being
+there. She then went on to the encampment at Tenally Town, where she
+slept in a tent that night under guard, and the next day crossed into
+Virginia.
+
+Mr. Carroll and his brother had not long before become owners of the
+paper mill on Rock Creek just south of Bellevue, so that must have been
+his reason for making it his home.
+
+In 1820 he leased the place to Samuel Whitall, of Philadelphia, whose
+wife was Lydia Newbold. Mr. Whitall was a distinguished-looking old
+gentleman, and used to drive around in a high, two-wheeled gig, the last
+of its kind in the town.
+
+When Charles Carroll died in 1841, the place was bought by the son of
+Mr. and Mrs. Whitall. A daughter, Sarah Whitall, was born at Bellevue in
+1822 and lived there for over seventy years. She married Mr. Rittenhouse
+of Philadelphia. The place remained in the Rittenhouse family until
+1896, when they sold it to Howard Hinckley. In the intervening years,
+its appearance had been greatly changed by a coat of plaster over the
+old bricks, which Mr. Hinckley removed. It was very lovely, both inside
+and out, during the years that Mr. and Mrs. Hinckley made it their home.
+Some very delightful parties were given there. Then candlelight was the
+only illumination, and even the flowers used were redolent of colonial
+days. The rooms were filled with furniture of the right type; and I
+remember that the bedrooms even had the old washstands with holes in the
+tops for bowls and pitchers which also were exactly "right" in their
+period.
+
+After that, Colonel Langfitt leased the house, and a very lovely wedding
+took place out of doors under an enormous tree, when his daughter
+married an officer of the United States Army.
+
+In 1912 it was bought by John L. Newbold, a relative of the Lydia
+Newbold of long ago. After a great deal of agitation on the subject of
+cutting Q Street through, and putting a bridge across Rock Creek to
+connect with the city, the District government in 1915 moved the old
+house to its present location, for it had been sitting exactly in the
+path of progress all these years, there being a George Town Ordinance
+that a street could not be cut through without consent of the owner. I
+only wish progress could have made a circle around the old mansion and
+left it in its setting of stately, primeval trees.
+
+Miss Loulie Rittenhouse, who had been born and reared there, worked
+untiringly for the opening of the street, the bridge, and also for
+Montrose Park, with the salvation of the glorious old oak trees it
+contains.
+
+Slowly, very, very slowly, old Bellevue was placed on huge rollers,
+horses were attached to a windlass, and it almost took a microscope to
+see the progress made day by day, but at last it reached its present
+site, safe and sound. It was necessary to pull down and rebuild the
+wings, as they had no cellars. Of course, the wall is also new.
+
+It was leased during World War I to various people of importance in
+Washington for war work, and finally, in 1928, bought by the National
+Society of Colonial Dames of America. It has been handsomely and
+suitably furnished as a house of the Federal period, and is open to the
+public as a museum house. A beautiful house it is; the usual wide hall
+through the middle, with vistas through the two big doors, four rooms
+opening off it, the two back ones being rounded out at the northern
+ends.
+
+[Illustration: TUDOR PLACE]
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XV
+
+_Tudor Place and Congress (31st) Street_
+
+
+Like the brightest jewel in its crown of old houses, Tudor Place, now
+the home of Armistead Peter, junior, sits high and aloof on the heights
+of Georgetown. Its southern front, shown here, is the one most familiar
+to everyone, and it is the view that I looked out on every day of my
+life for more than a score of years from my father's house on Stoddert
+(Q) Street.
+
+As Mrs. Beverley Kennon, its owner during my youth, was my cousin and
+had her motherless grandchildren living with her, some of my earliest
+recollections are of running round and round the old circle of box in
+front of the north entrance, playing "colors." I never, to this day,
+smell box that I am not back at Tudor Place and see the cobwebs in the
+old bushes bright with raindrops, as box, of course, is really fragrant
+only after rain. Also there were lovely times in the fall when the
+leaves were being raked up by old John, the colored gardener, who would
+let us climb on top of the brilliant load in a wheelbarrow with a crate
+on top of it. Such rides! Old John was a character (and one we loved
+dearly), not much over five feet tall, with grizzled hair and goatee,
+and always wearing an apron tied around his waist and a derby hat on his
+head.
+
+Tudor Place was purchased by Francis Lowndes, one of the prominent
+tobacco merchants and shippers, in 1794, from Thomas Beall of George
+who made a large addition to George Town in 1783, called by his name.
+Mr. Lowndes started to build a mansion, but in 1805 he sold the property
+to Thomas Peter and his wife, the former Martha Parke Custis.
+
+[Illustration: THOMAS PETER]
+
+When the Peters moved to their new home in George Town they used the
+western wing, already built, with its addition on the east, as their
+home, and the eastern wing was their carriage house and stable. This
+fact has been proved by finding below the floors the signs of the old
+stalls, and up in the rafters the corncobs of long ago. I have known
+people who remembered the old yellow coach which often stood out in the
+stable yard, and I've been told that if one dug deep enough its
+cobblestones would still be found.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Peter decided to use the fortune left her by her
+grandmother, Mrs. Washington, to build a stately mansion. They certainly
+succeeded. They engaged as architect Dr. William Thornton, whose plans
+for the Capitol had been accepted in the second competition, as the
+first yielded none sufficiently good.
+
+Dr. Thornton and his wife were intimate friends of the Peters, and a
+beautiful miniature of him, done by her, is now in the possession of one
+of the family. Mrs. Thornton was with Mrs. Peter when the British
+soldiers set fire to the Capitol in 1814, and the two ladies sat at the
+window of what is now the dining room of Tudor Place--the low part
+between the main building and the western wing--and watched the
+conflagration. You can imagine their grief as one saw the work of her
+husband destroyed, and the other, the building which had been so much in
+the mind and heart of her revered grandfather.
+
+There is in existence a very lovely painting of Mrs. Peter at about the
+time of her marriage; a sweet, young girl with light curls, and the
+embodiment of daintiness. Suspended about her neck is, I think, the
+miniature which General Washington had painted for her as a wedding
+gift. When he asked her what she wanted she replied "a replica of
+himself." He was much pleased that a young girl would want a portrait of
+an old man! The photograph reproduced of Thomas Peter is from a portrait
+done by him by his son-in-law, Captain William G. Williams.
+
+While on a visit to Tudor Place occurred the death of Mrs. Peter's
+mother, the former Eleanor Calvert. She was fifty-three years old, and
+had borne twenty children.
+
+[Illustration: MRS. THOMAS PETER (MARTHA PARKE CUSTIS)]
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Peter had a family of eight children. Three of the
+daughters had striking names: America, Columbia, and Britannia.
+
+When General Lafayette paid his visit to Georgetown in 1824 it was, of
+course, most natural that he should be entertained at Tudor Place, as
+Mrs. Peter had known him in her childhood at Mount Vernon. At that time
+America met her husband, Captain Williams, who was acting as an aide for
+the Marquis. In later years, as chief of engineers on the staff of
+General Zachary Taylor, Captain Williams was killed at the Battle of
+Monterey. On that same visit Lafayette presented the youngest child,
+Britannia, a little girl of nine, with a lovely little desk, now in the
+National Museum in the loan collection of her grandson, Walter G. Peter.
+On its under side it has an inscription in the handwriting of Martha
+Custis Peter, telling her daughter its history.
+
+Britannia Wellington Peter was born on January 27, 1815. She died the
+day before her ninety-sixth birthday, and this editorial, from _The
+Baltimore Sun_, gives a fine picture of the changes in the world in the
+years covered by the span of her life:
+
+    A LONG AND INTERESTING LIFE
+
+    Mrs. Britannia Wellington Kennon, who died at Tudor Place, her
+    historic home in Georgetown, on the 26th instant, and who will be
+    buried today, was for many years a most interesting figure in the
+    social life of Washington. She was the last in her generation of the
+    descendants of Mrs. Martha Washington. John Parke Custis, Mrs.
+    Washington's son, left four children. One of his daughters, Martha,
+    married Thomas Peter, and Mrs. Kennon was their daughter. She
+    married Commodore Beverley Kennon, of the United States Navy, whose
+    father was General Richard Kennon, of Washington's staff, a charter
+    member of the Society of the Cincinnati, and a grandson of Sir
+    William Skipwith. Commodore Kennon was killed in 1844 by the
+    explosion on the U. S. S. _Princeton_, so Mrs. Kennon was a widow
+    for more than sixty-six years.
+
+    Tudor Place, Mrs. Kennon's home, was famous for the distinguished
+    guests that were entertained there, among them being General
+    Lafayette, who visited there in 1824. She was the center of an
+    intellectual and cultivated society, and was always in touch with
+    the progress of events in the world.
+
+    Mrs. Kennon was born three weeks after the Battle of New Orleans,
+    and several months before the Battle of Waterloo. Her life spanned
+    the period of the great advance in the appliances of civilization in
+    this and the last century. It was very important that the news of
+    the battle of Waterloo should reach London without delay, and yet
+    with every appliance and speed then known, it took three days for
+    the news to reach England. Indeed, when Mrs. Kennon was thirty-two
+    years of age, it required eight months to travel from New England to
+    Oregon. At the age of fifteen she could have been a passenger on the
+    first passenger railroad train that was ever run; until she was five
+    years old, there was no such thing as an iron plow in all the world,
+    and until she was grown up, the people were dependent on tinder
+    boxes and sun glasses to light their fires. She had reached the age
+    of twenty-three years when steam communication between Europe and
+    America was established, and when the first telegram ever sent
+    passed between Baltimore and Washington she was still a young woman.
+    If all the advances in civilization which took place during the
+    lifetime of this remarkable lady were catalogued, they would make a
+    singularly interesting list.
+
+Mrs. Kennon was left a widow when less than thirty years of age, with
+her one child, Martha Custis Kennon. To Mrs. Kennon and her daughter
+Mrs. Thomas Peter bequeathed Tudor Place, having long survived her
+husband, and her other children having received their inheritance.
+Martha Custis Kennon married her cousin, Dr. Armistead Peter, the son of
+Major George Peter, and so the original surname came back to the place,
+which has never been out of the one family.
+
+Until the death of Mrs. Kennon when they were, of course, divided, there
+was at Tudor Place a very large and valuable collection of Washington
+relics, fascinating things, among them Mrs. Washington's seed-pearl
+wedding jewelry and dress, a set of china made for and presented to
+General Washington by the French government, the bowl given him by the
+Order of the Cincinnati, and numberless other interesting things. In a
+corner of the central room, the saloon, as it is called, was the small
+camp trunk always used by the General. The room on the east, off of
+which opens the conservatory, is the drawing room; that to the west, the
+parlor. The saloon opens out onto the temple, the round porch on the
+south. The two large rooms at each side have lovely cornices, beautiful
+marble mantels and handsome crystal chandeliers; long group windows to
+the floor and very unusual doors of curly maple. At the debut tea of
+Mrs. Kennon's granddaughter, I was helping to serve, when, seeing two
+dear old ladies, one very short, the other very tall, both dressed in
+simple black with big bonnets and long veils, looking about in the crowd
+as if they were trying to see something particular, I went up and asked
+them if I could bring them some refreshments. They said, "No, thank you,
+we really don't want anything, we are just trying to see if there are
+the same ornaments on the table as when Britannia was married." I found
+out afterward that the ornaments were three beautiful alabaster groups
+of classic figures. The two old ladies were Miss Mary and Miss Rosa
+Nourse, of The Highlands.
+
+Britannia Peter was a first cousin of Mary Custis, of Arlington, and was
+one of the bridesmaids at the wedding there which united the daughter of
+George Washington Parke Custis to the handsome United States army
+officer, Robert Edward Lee. The friendship was an enduring one, and
+General Lee visited Tudor Place when he paid his last visit to
+Washington City in 1869.
+
+Britannia Peter was bridesmaid for another first cousin, Helen Dunlop,
+when she was married at Hayes to William Laird.
+
+From the descendant of another one of those bridesmaids at that famous
+wedding at Arlington who, as a young girl, paid long visits to Mary
+Custis, I heard this delicious story: "There being no telephones, when
+the girls at Arlington and at Tudor Place wanted to get together they
+had a series of signals. Hanging a red flannel petticoat out of the
+window meant 'come on over'. A white one had another meaning. This
+method was not popular with the owners of the two mansions, but
+persisted, nevertheless." To prove this, not long ago I went to
+Arlington with the person who told me the story. The room there used by
+the girls of those days does look toward Georgetown. There is a forest
+of tall trees there now but trees can grow very tall in a hundred years.
+
+When my father built his house at the foot of Mrs. Kennon's place, she
+told him she was so glad to have him near by, but chided him for cutting
+off her view of the river.
+
+Until only a few years before her death, Mrs. Kennon sat perfectly erect
+in her chair, never touching the back, and I can remember her as quite
+an old lady, almost flying up the hill of Congress (31st) Street,
+always, of course, in bonnet and long, crepe veil. She was a member of
+Christ Church, and once many, many years ago when a parish meeting was
+announced to decide some important question, the rector and gentlemen
+were very much surprised on entering the vestry to find Mrs. Kennon
+there waiting for the meeting. She said she wished to have a say in the
+matter, and having no man to represent her, had come herself. So she was
+the original suffragette! Mrs. Kennon was one of the early presidents
+of the Louise Home, and was the first president of the National Society
+of Colonial Dames of America in the District of Columbia.
+
+Before the day of country clubs there used to be a very fine tennis
+court at Tudor Place, on the flat part to the north of the house not far
+from Congress (31st) Street, and it was much used. The Peter boys were
+champions of the District several times. In the first administration of
+President Cleveland, Mrs. Cleveland, a bride, used to drive her husband
+in from Oak View or, as it was popularly called, Red Top, to his office
+at the White House nearly every morning in a low, one-horse phaeton. No
+secret-service entourage in those days! In the evenings she came again
+in style in a Victoria, and frequently they would stop opposite Tudor
+Place and watch the game in progress. There was a good deal of intimacy
+between Tudor Place and "Red Top" in those days.
+
+The only football I ever heard of being played at Tudor Place was by a
+team of which my youngest brother was a member. They had nowhere to
+play, so he walked up there one day, and being a very engaging young man
+of about ten years, with big, blue eyes and a charming smile, he asked
+the old lady for permission, which she gave. She used to sit by the long
+window in the parlor and watch them with great interest and pleasure.
+Some other boys thought they would like the same privilege and asked for
+it, but she told me she always asked, "Are you a friend of my little
+cousin?" Only his friends could play there.
+
+Mrs. Kennon lived all her long and active life at Tudor Place, with the
+exception of two brief periods. The first was the year and a half when
+she was living at the Washington Navy Yard with her husband while he was
+stationed there. And the second was when her daughter was at boarding
+school in Philadelphia, just before the Civil War, and she leased the
+place to Mr. Pendleton, a Representative in Congress from Virginia. Of
+course, after the secession of that State, Mr. Pendleton left Washington
+City--but very hurriedly. Mrs. Kennon heard that her home was to be
+taken over by the United States government to be used as a hospital so
+she hastened back and occupied it herself. She took as boarders several
+Federal officers on the one condition that the affairs of the war should
+not be discussed.
+
+The last time I saw her was not many months before her death, sitting in
+a chair in her bedroom and very, very feeble. When I told her good-bye,
+she kept saying something to me over and over, which I couldn't
+understand. Finally I leaned down very close, and heard, "Be a good
+girl." I was then the mother of two children, but to her, just a little
+girl and the daughter of my father and mother, of whom she was very
+fond.
+
+Opposite Tudor Place, where now is a twin apartment house, was until the
+nineteen-twenties a simple old brick house somewhat like the old Mackall
+house on Greene (29th) Street, only minus a portico. When I knew it it
+was the home of the Philip Darneilles--and I remember hearing my mother
+say, "But Mrs. Darneille was a Harry!" Which meant nothing to me until I
+looked up the title to this place, and there I found that all this land
+went right back to Harriot Beall, Mrs. Elisha O. Williams, one of the
+three daughters of Brooke Beall, who was among those wealthy shipping
+merchants who were responsible for Georgetown's early prosperity.
+
+Mrs. Harriot Beall Williams left this property, all the way down to
+Back (Q) Street, to her daughter Harriot Eliza Harry. Through her it
+passed to Harriot Beall Chesley, and then to her daughter, Emily
+McIlvain Darneille. The old house stood untenanted for several years
+until bought for the erection of the apartments.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Darneille had three daughters, the eldest really a beauty
+(the youngest inherited the old name of Harriot), and they had a great
+deal of gaiety there in the nineties. I remember especially the New
+Year's Day receptions they used to have, the many "hacks" overflowing
+with young men, that used to climb the hill. It was the custom in those
+days for the ladies of each household to receive on the afternoon of
+that day. Only gentleman callers came, all dressed in their very best,
+and left their cards for all the ladies of their acquaintance. If you
+weren't receiving (attired in your best, sometimes to the extent of real
+low-necked evening dresses, the dining room table loaded with salads,
+old hams, biscuits, ices, candies, tea and coffee--and always a punch
+bowl on the side) you hung a basket on your front door bell, and the
+callers just deposited their cards and went on to the next place.
+
+What fun the children had, watching the front doors and counting the
+cards; and there was a real thrill when the caller happened to be an
+Army or Navy officer, attired in full-dress uniform with gold braid and
+feathers, having earlier in the day paid his respects at the White
+House.
+
+On part of the Darneille property stands an intriguing frame house. It
+is quite an old house and stood originally several hundred feet to the
+eastward in Mackall Square, the property owned by Christiana Beall
+Mackall, who was the sister of Harriot Beall Williams. So you see one
+sister sold it to the other and it took a trip across Washington (30th)
+Street to reside on Congress (31st) Street. I wonder how they moved it
+in those days, for it was a long, long time ago.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dodge lived there after they left Evermay.
+
+In the 1880's this house, 1633 31st Street, was the home of a very
+interesting and eminent person, John Wesley Powell, American geologist
+and ethnologist. I now quote from the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_: "He was
+born at Mount Morris, N. Y., March 24, 1834. His parents were of English
+birth, but had moved to America in 1830, and he was educated at Illinois
+and Oberlin colleges. He began his geological work with a series of
+field trips including a trip throughout the length of the Mississippi in
+a rowboat, the length of the Ohio, and of the Illinois. When the Civil
+War broke out he entered the Union Army as a private, and at the battle
+of Shiloh he lost his right arm but continued in active service,
+reaching the rank of major of volunteers. In 1865 he was appointed
+professor of geology and curator of the museum in the Illinois Wesleyan
+university at Bloomington, and afterwards at the Normal university.
+
+In 1867 he commenced a series of expeditions to the Rocky Mountains and
+the canyons of the Green and Colorado rivers, during the course of which
+(1869) he made a daring boat-journey of three months through the Grand
+Canyon; he also made a special study of the Indians and their languages
+for the Smithsonian Institution, in which he founded and directed a
+bureau of ethnology. His able work led to the establishment under the U.
+S. Government of the geographical and geological survey of the Rocky
+Mountain region with which he was occupied from 1870 to 1879. This
+survey was incorporated with the United States geological and
+geographical survey in 1879, when Powell became director of the bureau
+of ethnology. In 1881, Powell was appointed director also of the
+geological survey, a post which he occupied until 1894. He died in
+Haven, Me., on Sept. 23, 1902."
+
+On two panes of glass in the front windows of this old house are names
+etched by a diamond--on one is "Genevieve Powell," under it "Louis Hill"
+and under that "1884." She probably was the daughter of Mr. Powell.
+
+On the other pane of glass is etched "Moses and Mary." To the owners of
+the house that means nothing, but to me it means "Moses Moore," who was
+not a man but a woman (whose real name was "Frank"), and Mary Compton,
+both of whom I knew and still know.
+
+In the nineties it was for awhile the home of Mrs. Donna Otie Compton,
+who was the daughter of Bishop James Hervey Otie, first Episcopal Bishop
+of Tennessee. She was a picturesque figure, attired in her widow's cap
+and long crepe veil. Mrs. Compton had four daughters who were great
+belles.
+
+Then for a good many years it stood there looking quite deserted, for
+old Mr. Arnold, its owner, was almost a cripple and one rarely saw him
+making his way up the street with great difficulty. Now General and Mrs.
+Frank R. McCoy have bought it and made it a charming house with a lovely
+garden.
+
+Through the alley just north of here, described in the title as "a
+private road," we can reach another house built on that same property of
+the Harry's, but just who built it I do not know. It also was vacant
+when I was a girl, for I remember going to a Fair there one night in the
+spring when it had been loaned for some charity. In 1930 the house was
+bought by Miss Harriet and Miss Mary Winslow, who have added a lovely
+music room at the rear, but have kept the old-time appearance of the
+house. A mammoth oak tree, the pride of the owners, stands near the
+house.
+
+The next house on Congress (31st) Street has another fine oak tree in
+front of it, and used to have a companion even larger on the other side
+of the walk. This property also came through Mrs. Harriot Beall Williams
+to Mrs. Brooke Williams, senior, and her daughter, Mrs. Johns, who lived
+there with her family.
+
+A romantic story is told of how Captain William Brooke Johns, of the
+United States Army, one day saw at a picnic the beautiful Miss Leonora
+de la Roche, and fell in love with her immediately. But, since it was
+not considered good form in those days to be presented to a lady at a
+picnic, he watched her from a distance all day. The next afternoon he
+went to call. It was a case of love at first sight for both, and the
+wedding soon followed, with all the military splendor. As was told
+before, when the Civil War came he left the Union Army. Captain Johns
+had quite a talent for carving, and did a very good medallion of General
+Grant, who continued always to be a true friend to him. He also invented
+a tent which was used during the Civil War by the Northern Army.
+
+This house was, for more than a generation, the home of Colonel and Mrs.
+John Addison.
+
+At that time it was a two-story house, with quite a different roof. It
+was a big, merry household with four sons and four daughters. The
+daughters were reigning belles in those days, and the old custom of
+serenading was much in vogue. One lovely moonlight night four swains
+with their guitars stationed themselves under the windows of the
+handsome old house and sang plaintive love songs for an hour or more.
+Finally a shutter was pushed open very gently, and the four hearts went
+pitter-patter, anticipating the sight of a lovely young girl's face.
+Instead, appeared an old, black one, capped by a snowy turban, and these
+words floated down: "I'se sorrie, gen'le-men, but de young ladies is all
+gone out--but I sure is pleased wid you-all's music!" The quartet was
+composed of Summerfield McKenney, Frank Steele, and a young Noyes, of
+the family now for many years identified with _The Evening Star_, and
+another whose name I do not know.
+
+It was while the Addisons were living here that Commodore Kennon was so
+tragically killed on the _Princeton_.
+
+One afternoon the youngest member of the Addison family, a little girl,
+was swinging in the yard when a carriage came up the street and turned
+in at the gate of Tudor Place, across the street. In it she saw her
+older brother, John. Much mystified, she ran to her mother, telling her
+how strange it seemed for "brother John" to be coming up the hill in a
+carriage, and not coming home. It turned out that he had been sent to
+notify Mrs. Thomas Peter of the sudden death of her son-in-law.
+
+In later years Brooke Williams, junior, lived here and, still later,
+George W. Cissel. The chapel of the Presbyterian Church on West (P)
+Street is named for this family. The house is now the home of Mr.
+Alfred Friendly, the well-known newspaper man.
+
+Next door, where there is now a big apartment house, used to be a large,
+double brick house, which was for many years the home of Abraham Herr,
+who with the Cissels conducted an important flour-milling business in
+Georgetown. His son, Austin Herr, was a fine figure of a man, and was, I
+think, a promoter. I distinctly remember as a little girl his return
+from a trip to China and the tales of all the treasures he had brought
+back with him--not so common then as now.
+
+At No. 1669, in the eighties lived one of the oddest characters--Mrs.
+Dall. She had come from Massachusetts many years before to teach at Miss
+English's Seminary. While there she received frequent visits from young
+Mr. Dall who was an assistant at Christ Church while finishing his
+course at the Episcopal Seminary near Alexandria. The gentleman stayed
+so late sometimes--probably until eleven o'clock--that Miss English had
+to ask him to mend his ways. The courtship resulted in a marriage, but
+before long the bridegroom went off to India as a missionary to convert
+the heathen. After some years the news came that, instead, he had been
+converted to Hinduism. At last he was coming home. It was in the spring
+and, of course, there had to be a spring cleaning, which took several
+days. One night about twelve o'clock, when the peace of the old-time
+world, minus the automobile and blaring radio, lay over old Georgetown,
+the clop-clop of horses' hoofs was heard coming up Congress Street,
+stopping in front of Mrs. Dall's. Then there was a great knocking on the
+door--a window was raised and a voice called: "Who is that?" "It's
+Henry." Came back from the wife: "Well, I'm in the midst of
+house-cleaning. Go on down to the Willard and stay until I send for
+you." A warm welcome, and one not approved of by the neighbors who had
+heard the conversation through their windows.
+
+Mrs. Dall was not very popular in Georgetown, it being overwhelmingly
+Southern in its sympathies and she being an abolitionist. I can dimly
+remember her padding down 31st Street, for so her progress might be
+called from the form of footwear she wore, it had no form--the queerest,
+high, shapeless boots. She wore a little close-fitting bonnet and a
+long, loose, grayish cape. She was a most particular person in some
+ways. A lady who lived there as a housekeeper said she was never allowed
+to leave her thimble on the window sill for a few moments; and it was
+well known that when a caller rang the front door bell the maid who
+answered had orders to scan the costume closely. If there was "bugle
+trimming" among its adornments the caller was shown into the parlor on
+the right side, where the furniture was all stuffed and no harm could be
+done, but if the clothes were devoid of the shiny, scratchy gear, she
+might safely be allowed to enter and sit upon the polished mahogany of
+the room on the left of the hall. She used to have a sort of salon for
+long-haired scientists and exponents of all sorts of "isms."
+
+Another story I've heard was about her going out to Normanstone to stay
+for a rest. One morning after breakfast, having had a plentiful helping
+of oatmeal with lots of cream, her hostess remarked to Mrs. Dall how
+well she looked. "Yes," she said, she "felt well," and ended up with "a
+little starvation is always good for one." Is it a wonder she wasn't
+greatly beloved?
+
+[Illustration: LLOYD BEALL]
+
+A very handsome and imposing old gentleman, Mr. Joe Davis, who was a
+bachelor, lived here in the nineties. I remember him always, in his
+frock coat and high silk hat. This was where Mr. and Mrs. Fulton Lewis
+lived for many years and where their son, Fulton Lewis, junior, the
+noted radio commentator, grew up.
+
+The house has been for several years the home of the Honorable and Mrs.
+Francis E. Biddle. He was the Attorney-General under President Franklin
+D. Roosevelt. Mrs. Biddle, whose pen name is Katharine Garrison Chapin,
+is an eminent poet.
+
+Adjoining Tudor Place on the north live the Bealls, descendants of Lloyd
+Beall, who sold his patrimony in southern Maryland and converted the
+proceeds to equipping and sustaining his company during the
+Revolutionary War. He was adjutant on the staff of General Alexander
+Hamilton and was wounded at Germantown. Later he was captured by the
+British, but escaped by swimming the Santee River. The effect of this
+performance is shown by the water-logging on his commission which he
+carried in his pocket.
+
+After being mustered out of the army he came to live in Georgetown, but
+just where his home was I cannot discover. He served as mayor of the
+town three times--in 1797, 1798 and 1799.
+
+Upon the reorganization of the army he was reinstated, and died in
+command of the arsenal at Harper's Ferry. The Bealls who live here are
+also descended from Francis Dodge and from William Marbury.
+
+In the seventies Frederick L. Moore came in to Georgetown from the
+country and built his home next door, so as to be between his two
+friends, John Beall and Joseph H. Bradley. The Bradleys no longer own
+this house nor their ancestral estate which was Chevy Chase, where the
+club of that name now is. Abraham Bradley came with the government from
+Philadelphia, as Assistant Postmaster-General. He made his home in
+Washington City and then bought Chevy Chase as his country estate. He
+was living there in August, 1814, when the British came to Washington.
+It is said that several members of the cabinet took refuge with him
+there during those two or three dreadful days and brought with them
+valuable records. His old house was mostly destroyed by fire several
+years ago.
+
+His grandson, Joseph Henry Bradley, built the house at number 1688 31st
+Street. At the time of Lincoln's assassination he was living out in the
+country near Georgetown. He bore a remarkable resemblance to John Wilkes
+Booth and on April 15, 1865, the night after the tragic event in Ford's
+Theater, he was driving home in his buggy along a lonely road when he
+was held up by policemen and arrested. When he protested, he was told
+that he was John Wilkes Booth and was taken to jail. He insisted he was
+not, but to no avail. After a good while he got in touch with friends
+who identified him and he was released and went home. His wife had
+thought that her colored servants had been behaving strangely all day,
+but though living not more than five miles from the scene of the great
+tragedy, she herself had no knowledge of it.
+
+In later years Mr. Bradley and his father, Joseph Habersham Bradley, who
+practiced law together, served as counsel in the famous John Surratt
+trial.
+
+This house is now the home of Robert A. Taft, Senator from Ohio.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter XVI
+
+_Evermay, the Heights, and Oak Hill_
+
+
+Evermay, on Montgomery (28th) Street, is one of the show-places of
+Georgetown. Its fascinating garden is shown every spring for the benefit
+of Georgetown Children's House by its owner, the Honorable F. Lamot
+Belin, at one time Ambassador to Poland. He removed the cream-colored
+paint from the old house, revealing the lovely old-rose brick, and built
+the wall and the lodge at the gate when he bought the place in 1924.
+Evermay used to extend all the way down to Stoddert (Q) Street. The
+original boundary is the little old stone in the corner of the property
+of Mrs. Thomas Bradley on Q and 28th Streets.
+
+Evermay was built by Samuel Davidson with proceeds from the sale of
+property to the United States government. This included land for the
+northern part of the "President's Square," (the David Burns-Davidson
+property line passing directly through the White House) and adjacent
+Federal property including Lafayette Park. He willed his estate to Lewis
+Grant, a nephew in Scotland, upon condition of his assuming the Davidson
+surname.
+
+Samuel Davidson is buried in the portion of Oak Hill Cemetery which was
+formerly part of the estate. Mr. Davidson must have been rather a
+strange person; certainly he was determined not to be bothered by
+people, for this is the advertisement he published:
+
+    Evermay proclaims,
+    Take care, enter not here,
+    For punishment is ever near.
+
+    Whereas, the height called Evermay, adjoining this town, is now
+    completely enclosed with a good stone wall in part and a good post
+    and rail fence thereto, this is to forewarn at their peril, all
+    persons, of whatever age, color, or standing in society, from
+    trespassing on the premises, in any manner, by day or by night;
+    particularly all thieving knaves and idle vagabonds; all rambling
+    parties; all assignation parties; all amorous bucks with their
+    dorfies, and all sporting bucks with their dogs and guns.
+
+    My man, Edward, who resides on the premises, has my positive orders
+    to protect the same from all trespassers as far as in his power,
+    with the aid of the following implements, placed in his hands for
+    that purpose, if necessary, viz:--Law, when the party is worthy of
+    that attention and proper testimony can be had, a good cudgel,
+    tomahawk, cutlass, gun and blunderbuss, with powder, shot and
+    bullets, steel traps and grass snakes.
+
+    It is Edward's duty to obey my lawful commands. In so doing, on this
+    occasion, I will defend him at all risques and hazards. For the
+    information of those persons who may have real business on the
+    premises, there is a good and convenient gate. But Mark! I do not
+    admit mere curisoity an errand of business. Therefore, I beg and
+    pray of all my neighbors to avoid Evermay as they would a den of
+    devils, or rattle snakes, and thereby save themselves and me much
+    vexation and trouble.
+
+    June 2, 1810           SAMUEL DAVIDSON.
+
+Lewis Grant's daughter married Charles Dodge, they being one of the four
+couples who had the very early morning wedding at Francis Dodge's home
+on the corner of Stoddert (Q) Street and Congress (31st) Street. Apropos
+of this there is a prized letter of four closely written pages from
+Charles Dodge to his father, announcing that he had reached the age of
+twenty-one and asking the parental gift of what might be "his due." He
+ended by saying he "hoped he approved of his engaging in the estate of
+Holy Matrimony, for without that blissful comsummation his life would be
+void of happiness forevermore." His father's concise reply was in four
+lines: "Attend carefully whatever business you engage in, put off your
+marriage as long as possible, and get religion!"
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dodge did not live always at Evermay. It was sold
+to Mr. John D. McPherson, and the Dodges went to live in the old frame
+house opposite the gate of Tudor Place.
+
+For many years the McPhersons leased Evermay to Mr. William B. Orme and,
+certainly, during those years the spectre of the inhospitality of its
+first owner was laid, for the Ormes were noted for their delightful
+parties and there, too, were June weddings with charming brides.
+
+One morning in 1905 a group of Georgetown ladies met at Evermay and
+formed a little literary club (which is still in existence) composed of
+thirty-five members. It still bears the name of The Evermay Club. It met
+there regularly once a month as long as it was the home of Mrs. Orme,
+but nowadays the club moves from house to house. One summer the Ormes
+rented Evermay to a Hawaiian princess, who enjoyed it with her family.
+
+Just across the street from Evermay is what is known as Mackall Square.
+The old mansion sits so far back in the middle of the square and is so
+embowered in trees that it is not easily seen from either Montgomery
+(28th) or Greene (29th) Street. It is a simple and lovely colonial brick
+with old wooden additions on the back, and has been there a long, long
+time. But it is not the first house that was on that spot, for the one
+that was there was the frame house which was moved over opposite the
+gate of Tudor Place.
+
+Benjamin Mackall married a daughter of Brooke Beall, and with the money
+inherited from her father's estate they bought this property and built
+the house.
+
+In 1821 a trust was placed on the property, and in the title is recorded
+"no encumbrance except a small wooden house in which Mrs. Margaret Beall
+now lives, in which she has her life interest."
+
+Benjamin Mackall was a brother of Leonard Mackall. Their father owned
+large estates in Calvert and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland, and
+his products were sent to the Georgetown market; so it happened that his
+sons met the daughters of Brooke Beall, one of the important merchants
+shipping grain and tobacco to England.
+
+This land was part of the Rock of Dumbarton, and Benjamin's wife was
+named Christiana. I wonder if by any chance they could have given her
+that name in commemoration of another Christiana who is spoken of in an
+old, old surveyor's book thus:
+
+    Surveyed for George Beall 18 January, 1720. Beginning at the bounded
+    Red Oak standing at the end of N. N. W. tract of land called Rock of
+    Dunbarton on the south side of a hill near the place where
+    Christiana Gun was killed by the Indians.
+
+Louis Mackall, their son, was born in this house and inherited the place
+in 1839. He was a well-known physician, but a large part of his life was
+spent at the old country home of the Mackalls, Mattaponi, in Prince
+Georges County, and there his son, Louis, was born in 1831. His father
+brought him to Georgetown when he was under ten years of age, and
+entered him in Mr. Abbott's school, from whence he went to Georgetown
+College and Maryland Medical University. He established a large practice
+in Georgetown and married Margaret McVean. Their home was not here but
+on Dumbarton Avenue and Congress (31st) Street, and they had a son,
+again Louis, who also went into the medical profession.
+
+[Illustration: THE OLD MACKALL HOUSE]
+
+This house was vacant when I was a girl and I remember very distinctly
+going to a dance there one heavenly moonlight night in June when it was
+loaned to the O. T. That was a little club of boys about my own
+age--"Only Ten"--but the meaning of the name was a secret then. During
+the next two years they followed the example of the I. K. T. by giving
+dances in Linthicum Hall during the Christmas holidays.
+
+The I. K. T. was a group of boys two or three years older than the O. T.
+My brother was one of them, and when I asked him a year or two ago what
+the letters meant he said he couldn't tell; it was still a secret, like
+a fraternity. They had a pin somewhat like a fraternity pin. I still
+have the engraved invitations that both clubs sent out for their dances,
+with the names of the members underneath.
+
+After having been vacant for years this place was bought by Mr. Hermann
+Hollerith in the early 1900's. He did not make his home here but built a
+house farther down on Greene (29th) Street, where his family still live.
+They continue to rent the old house. Hermann Hollerith was the inventor
+of the tabulating machine which is used by the International Business
+Machine Corporation, and his work was done in a little house down on
+Thomas Jefferson Street. His wife was Miss Lucia Talcott.
+
+Immediately opposite the steps on Greene (29th) Street which lead up to
+this dear old place are other high steps which lead to a place called
+Terrace Top. Here it was that in the winter of 1920-'21 two very
+charming people came to rest in what they considered the most attractive
+of American cities. They were Julia Marlowe and E. H. Sothern.
+
+While they were here Miss Marlowe was honored by George Washington
+University at its one hundredth anniversary, on February twenty-second,
+by receiving the degree of D. D. L., a most unusual honor for a woman.
+This house is now the home of Mr. Herbert Elliston, editor of the
+_Washington Post_.
+
+All of this land was still, of course, Beall property, and somehow it
+all seemed to pass down through the women, for the next place to the
+west originally belonged to Miss Eliza Beall, a daughter of Thomas Beall
+of George, who married George Corbin Washington, great-nephew of General
+Washington. He was a grandson of John Augustine Washington and Hannah
+Bushrod. He was president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company,
+member of Congress from Maryland, and a prominent candidate for the
+Vice-Presidency at the time Winfield Scott was nominated for President.
+
+Their son was the Lewis Washington who was living near Harper's Ferry at
+the time of John Brown's raid, and was taken prisoner by him and held as
+a hostage until released by Colonel Robert E. Lee and his United States
+troops when they arrived on the scene.
+
+Miss Eleanor Ann Washington, the daughter of the house, was skilled in
+painting and did miniatures of her mother and of other members of her
+family. She also used to sketch in the beautiful woods north of her
+father's home, which soon after became Oak Hill Cemetery, and she was
+the first person to be buried in its grounds.
+
+George Corbin Washington married a second time, a girl who had been
+almost like a daughter in his house, Ann Thomas Beall Peter, of whom his
+wife had been very fond. Both of the wives of George Corbin Washington
+were descended from the Reverend John Orme, a distinguished clergyman of
+Maryland in colonial days.
+
+After the death of Mr. Washington the place was sold and became the home
+of Senator Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana, who was deprived of his seat in
+the Senate during the Civil War because of his sympathy with the South.
+
+For a long time this place belonged to Columbus Alexander, but in recent
+years it has changed hands several times. It had been leased by the
+Honorable Dwight Morrow to be his home while Senator from New Jersey,
+but his sudden death the summer before of course changed that
+arrangement.
+
+During World War II it was the home of General William (Wild Bill)
+Donovan, head of OSS, and is now the home of Mr. Philip Graham,
+publisher of the _Washington Post_.
+
+All of this property of The Heights belonged, as I have said, to Thomas
+Beall, and after 1783 it was rapidly being "developed," as they say
+nowadays. It is interesting to follow out how it all happened and how
+relatives wished to live one another.
+
+Directly across Washington (30th) Street, a large piece of land was sold
+by Thomas Beall in 1798 to William Craik, who was the son of that Dr.
+Craik who attended General Washington in his last illness. He evidently
+intended to build a home here, but Mrs. Craik died and he soon followed
+her. She was Miss Fitzhugh, a sister of Mrs. George Washington Parke
+Custis, of Arlington.
+
+How I wish there were in existence a picture of the house which David
+Peter built in 1808 when he bought this piece of land. The house must
+have stood among handsome trees, for it was called Peter's Grove, and we
+can look at the oaks still standing in near-by places and visualize
+those which surrounded this house.
+
+David Peter was a son of Robert Peter. He married Sarah Johns, and had
+two daughters and one son, Hamilton. After his death Mrs. David Peter
+married John Leonard, and the place was sold, in the thirties, to
+Colonel John Carter, Representative in Congress from South Carolina. His
+wife was Eleanor Marbury, one of that large family of girls in the old
+house on Bridge (M) Street. The house was then renamed Carolina Place.
+
+For a while it was occupied by the Honorable John F. Crampton, Minister
+from England. It was during this time that a treaty was settled by him
+with Daniel Webster concerning the Newfoundland fisheries. A little
+later Count de Sartiges, the French Minister, lived here.
+
+About that time the house was destroyed by fire and the land was sold by
+John Carter O'Neal, of the Inniskillen Dragoons, son of Anne Carter who
+had married an Englishman, to Henry D. Cooke.
+
+The western part of this square was bought in 1805 by Mrs. Elisha O.
+Williams. She was Harriot Beall, daughter of Brooke Beall, the third of
+these sisters to settle on The Heights, and she also bought her home
+with money inherited from her father's estate.
+
+[Illustration: HOME OF BROOKE WILLIAMS]
+
+Six months after buying the property Mrs. Williams was left a widow. She
+built a home and lived there with her small children, and thirty years
+later gave the northern part of her land to her son, Brooke Williams and
+his wife, Rebecca. It was on the spot where the Home for the Blind now
+stands.
+
+Mrs. Rebecca Williams was a very beautiful woman and all her children
+inherited her beauty. The daughter who was named Harriot Beall for her
+grandmother became the most famous girl who ever grew up in Georgetown.
+The romantic story of her marriage to Baron Bodisco, the Russian
+Minister, runs thus:
+
+     It all started with a Christmas party which the baron gave for his
+     nephews, Waldemar and Boris Bodisco. To this party all of the boys
+     and girls were invited, and great bonfires lighted the way, for
+     there was little gas in those days.
+
+Among those who came was Harriot Beall Williams, the beautiful
+sixteen-year-old daughter of Brooke Williams, senior. Baron Bodisco, a
+bachelor of sixty-three, became completely enamored of Miss Williams
+that evening, and it is said that the next morning he walked up the hill
+to meet and escort her to school--the school, of course, being the same
+Seminary of Miss English.
+
+My story is copied almost entirely from Miss Sally Somervell Mackall's
+_Early Days of Washington_, for nothing could improve on that:
+
+    Miss Williams' family were much opposed to the marriage, and at one
+    time the engagement came near being broken. She told Mr. Bodisco
+    that "her grandmother and everybody else thought he was entirely too
+    old and ugly." His reply was that she might find someone younger and
+    better looking, but no one who would love her better than he did.
+
+    They were married in June, 1849, at four o'clock in the afternoon,
+    at her mother's home on Georgetown Heights. Only the immediate
+    relatives and the bridal party witnessed the ceremony, after which
+    there was a brilliant reception. The wedding party formed a circle
+    and just back of them on a sofa sat a row of aged ladies in
+    lace-trimmed caps, among them her grandmother, Harriot Williams and
+    her three sisters, Mrs. Benjamin Mackall, Mrs. William Stewart,
+    senior, and their cousin, Mrs. Leonard Hollyday Johns, senior, all
+    of whom were between seventy and eighty years of age.
+
+    The mariage ceremony was performed by her cousin, Reverend Hollyday
+    Johns, the second. Her trousseau came from abroad, and her bridal
+    robe was a marvel of rich white satin and costly lace which fell in
+    graceful folds around her; the low-cut dress showed to perfection
+    her lovely white shoulders and neck. On her fair brow and golden
+    hair was worn a coronet of rarest pearls, the gift of the groom. The
+    effect was wonderfully brilliant. As her father was not living, her
+    hand was given in marriage by Henry Clay.
+
+    The groom wore his court dress of velvet and lace. All the
+    bridesmaids, seven in number, were beautiful girls about her own
+    age. Their gowns were figured white satin, cut low in the neck with
+    short sleeves and trimmed with blond lace; their hair was simply
+    dressed without ornaments. The bridesmaids were: her sister Gennie
+    Williams, Sarah Johns, Jessie Benton, Ellen Carter, Eliza Jane
+    Wilson, Emily Nichols, Mary Harry, and Helen Morris, daughter of
+    Commodore Morris. Each bridesmaid was presented with a ring set with
+    her favorite stone. The groomsmen were Henry Fox, the British
+    Minister in scarlet court dress; Mr. Dunlop, Minister from Texas;
+    Mr. Martineau, Minister from the Netherlands; Mr. Buchanan, who had
+    been Minister to Russia, and was then Senator, and afterwards
+    President of the United States; Baron Saruyse, the Austrian
+    Minister; Martin Van Buren; Mr. Kemble Paulding, whose father was
+    Secretary of the Navy at that time; Mr. Forsythe, whose father was
+    Secretary of State. Each minister had his own carriage and
+    attendants dressed in livery. The house and grounds were thronged
+    with noted guests, strolling amid sweet-scented flowers and lemon
+    trees hanging with rich golden fruit.
+
+    Among the distinguished guests were President Van Buren; Daniel
+    Webster; all the Diplomatic Corps and a host of other notables,
+    including James Gordon Bennett of _The New York Herald_.
+
+    The bride was taken to her new home in Mr. Bodisco's gilded coach
+    with driver and footman in bright uniform, drawn by four horses. The
+    same afternoon, Mr. Bodisco gave a dinner to just the bridal party.
+    At nine o'clock the same day he gave a general reception for the
+    families of the attendants. The morning after the wedding the
+    bridesmaids took breakfast with the bride and, girl-like, as soon as
+    breakfast was over, went on an investigating tour. In her boudoir
+    they found many beautiful things, among them an old-fashioned
+    secretary, with numerous drawers, one was filled with ten dollar
+    gold pieces, another with silver dollars, another with ten-cent
+    pieces, another with the costliest of jewels, and still another with
+    French candy.
+
+    The next week Mr. Bodisco gave a grand ball, on which occasion
+    Madame Bodisco wore her bridal robe. Shortly after the wedding,
+    President Van Buren gave a handsome dinner at the White House in
+    honor of Madame Bodisco and Mrs. Decantzo, another bride. To this
+    dinner all the bridal party were invited. Madame Bodisco wore a
+    black watered silk, trimmed with black thread lace and pearl
+    ornaments. President Van Buren sent his private carriage and his
+    son, Martin, to escort Ellen Carter (an adopted daughter of Jeremiah
+    Williams who was an important shipping merchant of the town) to the
+    dinner. The President thought Miss Carter like her Aunt Marion
+    Stewart of New York, to whom he was engaged while Governor of that
+    State. At the dinner table he drank wine with her, and again in the
+    reception room. Miss Carter afterwards married Paymaster Brenton
+    Boggs of the United States Navy.
+
+    On another occasion at one of the diplomatic dinners given at the
+    White House, Madame Bodisco wore a rich, white watered silk, the
+    sleeves, waist and skirt embroidered with pale rosebuds with
+    tender green leaves. Her jewels were diamonds and emeralds.
+
+[Illustration: MADAME BODISCO]
+
+Alexander de Bodisco was born in Moscow on the 30th of October, 1786,
+and died at his residence in Georgetown on the 23rd of January, 1854,
+having filled the post of Russian Envoy to the United States for about
+seventeen years. He was in Vienna in 1814 during the famous Congress
+which settled the affairs of the continent, and was afterward charge
+d'affaires at Stockholm. At his funeral his two nephews, Boris and
+Waldemar, both very handsome and dressed in white uniforms, marched on
+either side of the hearse, accompanied by attaches of the legation and
+members of the household in uniform.
+
+All during my childhood the Williams house stood gaunt and untenanted,
+the personification of a haunted house. If only a place with such a
+history could have been renovated and kept, instead of disappearing
+entirely from Georgetown.
+
+On the next block at 3238 R Street is the house, now somewhat changed,
+where lived General H. W. Halleck, chief-of-staff of the army during the
+Civil War. After the war General U. S. Grant made it his home until he
+became president. Later, until about 1900, it was the home of Colonel
+John J. Joyce, a picturesque figure with his leonine head and long white
+hair and mustache and black sombrero. It was said he had been the Goat
+of the Whiskey Ring. In the last years of his life a lively dispute
+arose between him and Ella Wheeler Wilcox as to which was the author of
+the lines
+
+    Laugh, and world laughs with you,
+    Weep, and you weep alone!
+
+[Illustration: MOUNT HOPE. THE WILLIAM ROBINSON HOUSE]
+
+It was much discussed in the newspapers at the time. Colonel Joyce's
+tombstone in Oak Hill bears a likeness of him carved upon its face.
+
+In the early days of the New Deal this house was rented by a group of
+young men, among them Tommy Corcoran and Ben Cohen, who were responsible
+for helping to frame much of the legislation of that eventful time. It
+was known then as the "Big Red House on R Street."
+
+The southwest corner of Road (R) Street and High (Wisconsin Avenue) was
+the land owned by Thomas Sim Lee, who had been Governor of Maryland.
+Every winter he came from his estate, Needwood, to spend several months
+in Georgetown, in his house on the northwest corner of Bridge (M) Street
+and Washington (30th) Street, which was for a long time the headquarters
+of the Federal Party. He died in 1819 before he could build here the
+mansion he contemplated.
+
+Until about 1935 the old reservoir sat here, high up like a crown, until
+the Georgetown Branch of the Public Library was built.
+
+The little street below here which runs west from Valley (32nd) Street,
+now called Reservoir Road, was originally named the New Cut Road, due to
+the fact that it was cut through to connect with the Conduit Road, now
+renamed MacArthur Boulevard which covers the conduit bringing the water
+from Great Falls to Washington.
+
+On the southwest corner of Road (R) Street and High (Wisconsin Avenue)
+stood the imposing mansion of Mr. William Robinson, who was a very fine
+lawyer in the middle of the nineteenth century. He was a Virginian who
+had settled in Georgetown. He called his home Mount Hope and a
+wonderful situation it had, commanding a view of the entire city and the
+river. At that time the western wing was the ballroom, with domed
+ceiling circled by cupids and roses.
+
+Mr. Robinson's beautiful daughter, Margaret, married Thomas Campbell
+Cox, son of Colonel John Cox, and they lived at Mount Hope until they
+moved to Gay Street. I remember Mrs. Cox as an old lady, still
+beautiful, and regal in bearing. The Weaver family lived there after
+that until the early 1900's, when this place was used as the Dumbarton
+Club. It had very good tennis courts, and for a while a nine-hole golf
+course where the suburb of Berleith is now.
+
+Then Mr. Alexander Kirk, Ambassador to Egypt, bought the place and made
+a good many changes, including the addition of a swimming-pool.
+
+Afterward Mrs. Evalyn Walsh McLean purchased it and renamed it
+Friendship, after the former estate of the same name out on Wisconsin
+Avenue, where many famous parties had been given. Here she continued her
+lavish entertainments and during World War II contributed generously to
+the pleasure of members of the armed services.
+
+The large house, number 3406, in the middle of the next square, was
+built in the early 1800's by Leonard Mackall, one of the two sons of
+Benjamin Mackall of Prince Georges County, Maryland, who came to
+Georgetown. He married Catherine Beall, another daughter of Brooke
+Beall. Mr. Beall, as seems to have been the custom in those days, had
+given this square to his daughter and her husband. The place was bought
+by Dr. Charles Worthington's family when they left their home on
+Prospect Street and was held by his descendants, the Philips, for many
+years, although the latter part of the time none of them lived there,
+but rented the place.
+
+It has been for a good many years now the home of Mrs. Frank West, who
+has made a beautiful rose garden and christened it Century House. The
+house itself has charming rooms, all opening to the south, as so many
+old-fashioned houses had, and several porches.
+
+I have spoken of Colonel Cox and the row of houses he built on First (N)
+Street and Frederick (34th) Street, where he lived for a while in the
+house on the corner. That must have been in the period of his first
+marriage to Matilda Smith, who was a sister of Clement Smith, well-known
+as the first cashier of the Farmer's and Mechanic's Bank, later its
+president. Colonel and Mrs. Cox had three children, one of whom was
+named Clement.
+
+After his marriage to Jane Threlkeld they built a lovely house on part
+of the old Berleith estate next door to the old Threlkeld home, which
+had been burned. They called their home The Cedars. It stood where the
+Western High School now stands, and it is difficult to realize that
+there, in my memory, was a home most delightfully private and charming.
+
+Turning back eastward along Road (R) Street just opposite Mount Hope,
+the pretty old light brick house is where the Marburys lived after they
+moved up on The Heights. He called himself Mr. John Marbury, junior, to
+the day of his death, in spite of having a long, white beard. Although
+his family never moved from this house, in the course of a few years
+they had three different addresses. At first they were living on the
+corner of Road and High Streets, then on the corner of U and 32nd
+Streets, and finally on the corner of R Street and Wisconsin Avenue.
+
+[Illustration: THE OAKS (NOW DUMBARTON OAKS)]
+
+[Illustration: MONTROSE]
+
+Across High Street (Wisconsin Avenue), the house sitting high on the
+bank was for many years the home of Mr. William Dougal and his family of
+one son and four lovely daughters. His wife was Miss Adler, and this
+house was built on part of her father's property. The old brick house,
+which was back of it some distance north, was the home of Morris Adler.
+A small frame house nearer Road (R) Street was where his son, Morris J.
+Adler, lived, until he built a house on West (P) Street.
+
+A little way eastward on the same side of Road (R) Street is the famous
+Dumbarton Oaks. The land was first bought from Thomas Beall in 1800 by
+William H. Dorsey, first judge of our Orphan's Court, who was appointed
+by President Jefferson. Mr. Dorsey had previously been living in the old
+part of the town, for I find an advertisement of the sale of his
+property before he came up here, and from the minutes of a meeting of
+the Corporation of Georgetown on October 24th, 1801, we find the
+following: "William H. Dorsey writes to ask if his removal to his
+present place of residence will disqualify him from serving on the
+Corporation. They are of opinion it does not disqualify him as a member
+thereof."
+
+He built this house, named it The Oaks, and lived in it for four years.
+His first wife was Ann Brooke, the daughter of Colonel Richard Brooke,
+of Oak Hill, Sandy Spring, whose wife was Jane Lynn, the daughter of
+David Lynn. In 1802 Mr. Dorsey married Rosetta Lynn, who was the aunt of
+his first wife.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM HAMMOND DORSEY]
+
+William Hammond Dorsey was born at Oakland, in Howard County, and died
+at Oakley, near Brookeville, in 1818. He was a very handsome man and was
+nicknamed "Pretty Billy" by his Quaker neighbors of Sandy Spring.
+
+In 1805 the place was bought by Robert Beverley of Essex County,
+Virginia. His wife was Jane Tayloe, a sister of Colonel John Tayloe, who
+built the famous Octagon House. Mr. and Mrs. Beverley owned the place
+until 1822. During that time their son James was married to Jane Peter,
+the daughter of David Peter of nearby "Peter's Grove," and this place
+became their home. They did not remain here long, but went back to
+Virginia and established themselves near The Plains.
+
+The next owner was James E. Calhoun, of South Carolina. He loaned it to
+his distinguished brother, John C. Calhoun, who made it his home for
+some of the time he spent at the capital in the various offices he held.
+He was Secretary of War in the cabinet of President Monroe;
+Vice-President with John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson, and Senator
+from South Carolina. From here he wrote that the leisure of the office
+of Vice-President gave him a good opportunity to study the fundamental
+questions of the day called "The American System." At this time the
+place was known as _Acrolophos_ (Grove on the Hill), a most descriptive
+name. Later it became Monterey, after the war with Mexico made that
+battle so famous.
+
+It was in 1846 that the estate was bought by Edward M. Linthicum, and I
+think it must have been during the time he owned it that the mansard
+roof was added which, fortunately, has been removed by the present
+owners. In Mr. Linthicum's day it is described thus:
+
+    The house which has been changed, but not improved in appearance, by
+    the addition of a mansard roof and other alterations, was a large,
+    two-story brick, with hall from front to rear "wide enough for a hay
+    wagon to pass through," on either side of which were great parlors
+    beautifully proportioned. The east parlor opened into a bright,
+    sunny dining room, which in turn looked out upon a well-filled
+    greenhouse, with flower gardens on the east, wooded lawn in front,
+    grove of forest trees on the west, and gently sloping well-sodded
+    hills in the rear, all of which were kept in perfect order. During
+    the life of Mr. Linthicum, "The Oaks" was the show place of the
+    District.
+
+Mr. and Mrs. Linthicum had no children so they adopted a daughter, Miss
+Kate Mitchell, of Lower Maryland, who became the wife of Mr. Josiah
+Dent. Their son, Edward Linthicum Dent, inherited the place. In those
+days it was known as "The Oaks," the name I always heard it called by in
+my girlhood.
+
+In 1891 it was bought by Mr. Henry F. Blount, who had made a fortune and
+came to Washington. In 1920 it was purchased by the Honorable Robert
+Woods Bliss, Ambassador to the Argentine. He and Mrs. Bliss remodeled
+the house and created the gardens, which comprise over thirty acres and
+are marvels of beauty. Many more acres at the back were allowed to
+remain in a delightfully wild condition.
+
+The place was renamed Dumbarton Oaks, a museum was built as a wing on
+the west to house a library and a collection of Byzantine and
+pre-Christian material, and in 1940 the estate was given by Mr. and Mrs.
+Bliss to Harvard University, with the exception of the part along the
+stream at the back, which was donated to the District of Columbia as a
+park. The Dumbarton Oaks Conference which led to the formation of the
+United Nations was held here, beginning August 21, 1944.
+
+Part of the land at the back is where the Home for Incurables was until
+it was moved farther out of town. I used to go there to visit some of
+the patients who were my friends, and for the simple Sunday evening
+services.
+
+Lover's Lane, at the east of Dumbarton Oaks, separates it from Montrose
+Park. It is still, as it has always been, I am glad to say, completely
+unimproved, unspoiled, sweet and rambling and quiet, wending its way
+along the brook that empties into Rock Creek at the beginning of Oak
+Hill. I suppose there is hardly a soul of middle-age living in
+Georgetown who has not fond memories of Lover's Lane, for in the days of
+our youth we did walk with our lovers; no automobiles or movies filled
+our Saturday or Sunday afternoons, and very little golf.
+
+Through Lover's Lane we went to Normanstone, the home of the two Misses
+Barnards and their sister, Mrs. Talcott. It was a quaint little house,
+which stood just about where the British Embassy now is. The name is
+commemorated by Normanstone Drive. Mr. Robert Barnard built Normanstone
+in 1830. It was a Devonshire cottage of clay, straw, and pebbles, with
+walls four feet thick.
+
+The turreted stone mansion nearby was built by Mr. Elverson of
+Philadelphia. His daughter, Nelly, became the wife of Monsieur
+Patrenotre, the French Minister. This was in the days before our foreign
+envoys became Ambassadors.
+
+Our first knowledge of the present Montrose Park was as Parrott's Woods.
+Richard Parrott conducted there a "rope walk." It seems that when they
+made rope it was necessary to have a long, even stretch where the
+rope-makers walked up and down manufacturing the hemp into rope. And,
+of course, in this town with all its ships, the making of rope was a
+lucrative business.
+
+Mr. Parrott evidently was kind in loaning his property for picnics too,
+for again Mr. Gordon gives us vivid pictures of the Fourth of July
+annual picnic of all the Protestant Sunday schools. It seems to have
+been a huge affair, with flags and banners and rosettes of various
+colors adorning the scholars of the different schools.
+
+In 1822 the property was bought by Clement Smith, of whom I have spoken
+before as being the first cashier of the Farmers and Mechanics Bank,
+afterwards becoming its president. He called the place Elderslie. In
+1837 he sold it to Mrs. Mary McEwen Boyce, whose daughter, Jane, married
+George Washington Peter, son of Thomas Peter of Tudor Place. In a
+railroad accident, both Captain Boyce and another daughter were killed.
+Mrs. Boyce continued to live here the rest of her life.
+
+It was a very sweet, homelike house, but not a particularly handsome
+one. There was a conservatory opening off of one of the rooms, for Mrs.
+Boyce seems to have been especially fond of flowers. A sweet little
+story was told me the other day about her. A friend paused one day to
+admire the roses blooming in front of the house, saying, "How lovely
+your roses are, Mrs. Boyce!" "They are not my roses," said she. At the
+surprised look on her friend's face she continued, "I plant them there
+for the public." And still, today, there are lovely roses blooming at
+Montrose for "the public," for after many, many years a movement was set
+on foot to buy this place with its marvelous old trees of numerous
+varieties for a park for the people of Georgetown.
+
+Two historic events have taken place in Montrose Park. The first was
+long ago, on September 1, 1812, when the funeral services were held here
+for General James Maccubbin Lingan, after his tragic death in Baltimore.
+No church could be found large enough to accommodate the crowds which
+wished to attend. There were representatives from three cities and five
+counties, in those days of travel by foot, by saddle, by rowboat and by
+coach. General Washington's tent was spread over the stand on which were
+four clergymen, other dignitaries, and George Washington Parke Custis
+of Arlington, who delivered the oration.
+
+The funeral cortege was escorted by Major George Peter's company. The
+General's horse was led behind the hearse, where his son walked as chief
+mourner, followed by two heroes of the Revolution, Major Benjamin
+Stoddert and Colonel Philip Stuart. Light Horse Harry Lee, who had been
+wounded at the time General Lingan was killed, was still too ill to be
+present.
+
+General Lingan's widow was not able to be present because of a very
+unfortunate occurrence. While she was sitting by her window waiting for
+her carriage, a rough man, carrying a pike, stopped under her window
+and, thrusting up the weapon covered either with blood or rust, which
+had the same appearance, he let forth a torrent of brutal words. She was
+so overcome with an agony of shock and grief that she was obliged to
+remain at home.
+
+The other historic event took place on the fifth of June, 1918, the day
+on which was inaugurated the draft for the soldiers of the World War I.
+All over this land that evening speeches were delivered on the subject,
+but I think none could have been more effective or impressive than the
+one staged in Montrose Park at sunset. Then Newton D. Baker, as
+Secretary of War, in charge of the whole operation, "elected to speak to
+his neighbors." A wonderful speech it was, and I shall never forget the
+sight as he stood outlined against the glow of the western sky.
+
+Of Oak Hill Cemetery I have spoken again and again. It is almost like a
+refrain. It seems to be the natural resting place for Georgetonians when
+their work is done.
+
+Its terraces leading steeply down the hill to Rock Creek are shaded by
+many stately oak trees and numerous gorgeous copper beeches, and are
+adorned in the spring by flowering shrubs.
+
+There is the little ivy-covered chapel which can be seen from the
+street, and farther back is the little white Greek temple where Oak
+Hill's donor, Mr. Corcoran, rests. Also the larger circular mausoleum
+where Marcia Burns Van Ness is interred.
+
+Many besides Georgetonians have been laid to rest within its borders,
+for there are Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War for President Lincoln;
+James G. Blaine, and many more, all prominent in their days. There, too,
+lies Peggy O'Neale, who, as the wife of Andrew Jackson's Secretary of
+War, Eaton, kept the social life of the Capital in an uproar for many a
+year and, it is said, also greatly influenced political matters.
+
+Her very first triumph took place in Georgetown, when, at a school
+exhibition at the Union Hotel, the little girl with dark brown curly
+hair and pert red lips was crowned the "Queen of Beauty" by Mrs. Dolly
+Madison. Peggy was the daughter of the Irish landlord of a hotel on
+Pennsylvania Avenue, and was married at sixteen to Mr. Timberlake, an
+officer in the United States Navy. He committed suicide in 1828.
+
+After that began her career, when she was defended and supported in all
+that she did by Andrew Jackson, who had suffered bitterly from criticism
+of his own wife.
+
+But the most famous person who lies buried in Oak Hill is the man whose
+song is known in every hamlet of this broad land: John Howard Payne, the
+author of "Home, Sweet Home." He had been in Georgetown in his youth,
+you remember, for he accompanied General Lingan on that trip to
+Baltimore from which the General never returned but to his funeral. Mr.
+Payne was then a young man of twenty-one and excited over the adventure,
+I suppose, like any one of that age. He was sent in later life as a
+consul to one of those little states on the northern coast of Africa
+which in those days made so much trouble for the United States. There he
+died and was buried. Years later his body was brought back by Mr.
+Corcoran, and there was quite a ceremony for his re-interment.
+
+The stone placed over him in that distant land and brought back with his
+body has the seal of the United States carved at the top and reads:
+
+    IN MEMORY
+    OF
+    COL. JOHN HOWARD PAYNE
+    TWICE CONSUL OF
+    THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
+    FOR
+    THE CITY AND KINGDOM OF TUNIS
+    THIS STONE IS PLACED
+    BY A GRATEFUL COUNTRY
+    HE DIED AT THE AMERICAN CONSULATE
+    IN THIS CITY AFTER A TEDIOUS ILLNESS
+    APRIL 1, 1852
+    HE WAS BORN AT THE CITY OF BOSTON
+    STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS
+    JUNE 8, 1792
+    HIS FAME AS A POET AND DRAMATIST
+    IS WELL KNOWN WHEREVER THE ENGLISH
+    LANGUAGE IS SPOKEN THROUGH
+    HIS CELEBRATED BALLAD OF
+    HOME, SWEET HOME
+    AND HIS POPULAR TRAGEDY
+    OF BRUTUS AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTIONS
+
+This slab lies flat upon the ground. Adjoining it is a circle in the
+center of which is a monument bearing a bust of Colonel Payne, and on it
+is the following inscription:
+
+    IN
+    MEMORY OF
+    JOHN HOWARD PAYNE
+    AUTHOR
+    OF
+    HOME, SWEET HOME
+    BORN JUNE 9, 1791
+    DIED APRIL 9, 1852
+    ERECTED ANNO DOMINI 1883
+
+    "Sure when thy gentle spirit fled
+    To realms beyond the azure dome
+    With arms outstretched, God's angel said
+    'Welcome to Heaven's Home, Sweet Home.'"
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHY
+
+
+    BALCH, THOMAS BLOOMER: _Reminiscences of Georgetown_.
+
+    BRYAN, W. B.: _A History of the National Capital_.
+
+    BUSEY, SAMUEL C.: _Pictures of the City of Washington in the Past_.
+
+    CAEMMERER, H. PAUL, Ph.D.: _The Life of Pierre Charles L'Enfant_.
+
+    CLARK, ALLEN C.: _Life and Letters of Dolly Madison_.
+
+    CORCORAN, W. W.: _A Grandfather's Legacy_.
+
+    COLUMBIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY: _Record of the_.
+
+    DODGE, HARRISON H.: _Dodge Family Memoirs_.
+
+    EVANS, HENRY R.: _Old George Town on the Potomac_.
+
+    HALL, MRS. BASIL: _The Aristocratic Journey_.
+
+    HEIN, O. L., LT. COL., U. S. A.: _Memories of Long Ago_.
+
+    HINES, CHRISTIAN: _Early Recollections of Washington City_.
+
+    JACKSON, RICHARD P.: _Chronicles of Georgetown_.
+
+    LATHROP, GEORGE AND ROSE: _A Story of Courage_.
+
+    LATIMER, LOUISE PAYSON: _Your Washington and Mine_.
+
+    LIBRARY OF CONGRESS: _Old Newspapers_.
+
+    MACKALL, SALLY SOMERVELL: _Early Days of Washington_.
+
+    TAGGART, H. T.: _Old George Town_.
+
+    TORBERT, ALICE COYLE: _Doorways and Dormers of Old George Town_.
+
+    TOWNSEND, GEORGE ALFRED: _Washington Outside and Inside_.
+
+    GAHN, BESSIE WILMARTH: _Original Patentees of Land at Washington
+         Prior to 1700_.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+    _A Grandfather's Legacy_, 168.
+
+    Abbott, John, 85, 215.
+      William R., 215.
+
+    "Abby, Aunt," 185.
+
+    Acheson, Dean G., 250.
+
+    _Acrolophos_, 303.
+
+    Adams, James Truslow, 14.
+      President John Quincy, 77, 254.
+
+    Addison, Mrs. Arthur, 113.
+      Henry, 85, 107, 130.
+      Colonel and Mrs. John, 274.
+      Rev. Walter, 199.
+
+    Adlum, Major, 134.
+
+    Adler, Morris, 301.
+
+    Aged Woman's Home, 106.
+
+    Allen, Robert S., 180.
+
+    Alsop brothers, 179.
+
+    American Colonization Society, 101.
+
+    Analostan Island, 22.
+
+    Anchor Tavern and Oyster House, 30.
+
+    Anderson, James, 21.
+
+    _Aristocratic Journey, The_, 157.
+
+    Arnold's Bakery, 108.
+
+    Asbury, Francis, 74.
+
+    Augur, Gen. Christopher Colon, 179.
+
+    "Aunt Hannah," 142.
+
+    Auriol, Vincent, 113.
+
+    Aztec Society, 112.
+
+
+    Bailey, William, 58.
+
+    Baker, Hon, Newton D., 155, 307.
+
+    Balch, Dr. Stephen Bloomer, 69, 134, 141, 209.
+      Rev. Stephen Bloomer, 67.
+      Thomas, 69.
+
+    Baley, Jesse, 50.
+
+    Bank of Columbia, 33.
+
+    Baptist Church, 135.
+
+    Barron, Commodore James, 157.
+
+    Barrymore. John, 207.
+
+    Beall, Alexander, 11, 25.
+      Brooke, 270, 289.
+      Catherine, 298.
+      Eliza, 287.
+      Elizabeth, 68.
+      George, 11, 141.
+      Harriot, 270, 289.
+      John, 26, 279.
+      Josiah, 10, 11.
+      Lloyd, 279.
+      Mrs. Margaret, 284.
+      Thomas, 8, 10, 58, 97, 141, 144, 160, 253, 262, 288.
+      Ninian, 5, 7, 8, 183.
+
+    Beall's Levels, 11.
+
+    Beanes, Dr. William, 99.
+
+    Beatty, Charles, 17, 30, 58, 182.
+      William, 52.
+
+    Beauvoir School, 137.
+
+    Belin, Hon. F. Lamot, 281.
+
+    Bell, Alexander Graham, 119.
+      Alexander Melville, 119.
+      Miss Aileen, 120.
+      Chichester, 120.
+      David Charles, 120.
+
+    Bellamy, George Anne, 14.
+
+    Belt, Rev. Addison, 34.
+      James, 182.
+      Joseph, 24, 25, 26, 27.
+      Tobias, 9.
+
+    Benevolent Society, 106.
+
+    Benning, 4.
+
+    Benton, Jessie, 185.
+      Thomas Hart, 183.
+
+    Berleith, 17.
+
+    Berry, Horatio, 217.
+      Jerry, 97.
+      Mary Ellen, 239.
+      Philip Taylor, 194, 217.
+
+    Beverley, Robert, 302.
+
+    Bible Society, 76.
+
+    Biddle, Hon. and Mrs. Francis E., 279.
+
+    Billings, Dr. John S., 143.
+      Mrs. Mary, 197.
+
+    Blackford, Col. B. Lewis, 246.
+
+    Bladensburg, 14.
+
+    Blaine, James G., 308.
+
+    Blake, Dr. James Heighe, 135.
+
+    Bleig, George, 74.
+
+    Bliss, Robert Woods, 252, 304.
+
+    Blodget, Samuel, 58, 92.
+
+    Bloomer, Dr. Stephen, 83.
+
+    Blount, Henry F., 304.
+
+    Bodisco, Baron Alexander de, 98, 140, 202, 291, 295.
+      Madame, 204, 292.
+
+    Boggs, Paymaster, 191.
+
+    Bonaparte, Jerome, 82.
+
+    Boncer, Christian, 26.
+
+    Bonsal, Mrs. Stephen, 219.
+
+    Boone, John, 86.
+
+    Booth, John Wilkes, 280.
+
+    _Boston Sentinel, The_, 42.
+
+    Bowers, Claude, 244.
+
+    Bowie, Washington, 200, 224.
+
+    Boyce, Jane, 306.
+      Mrs. Mary McEwen, 306.
+
+    Braddock, General Edward, 13.
+
+    Bradley, Abraham, 66, 83, 280.
+      Joseph Habersham, 280.
+      Joseph Henry, 279, 280.
+      Mrs. Thomas, 281.
+      William A., 66.
+
+    Brandywine, Battle of, 16.
+
+    _Brandywine_, U. S. S., 129.
+
+    Bright, Sen. Jesse D., 288.
+
+    Bronaugh, Hamilton, 205.
+
+    Brooke, Ann, 301.
+      Elizabeth, 142.
+      Col. Richard, 301.
+      Colonel Thomas, 142.
+
+    Brown, Dr. Gustavus, 121.
+      Joel, 74.
+
+    Bruce, Harriot, 86.
+      Col. Normand, 28.
+      Richard, 86.
+
+    Bull, James, 47.
+      Maria Louisa, 254.
+
+    Bureau of Standards, 134.
+
+    Burnes, David, 58.
+
+    Burnett, Charles C., 35.
+
+    Burr, Aaron, 67.
+
+    Busey, Dr. Samuel, 137.
+
+    Bushrod, Hannah, 287.
+
+
+    Caemmerer, Dr. H. Paul, 52.
+
+    Caille, Monsieur, 35.
+
+    Calder, James, 69, 83.
+
+    Calhoun, James E., 303.
+      John C., 303.
+
+    Calvert, Eleanor, 66, 264.
+
+    Campbell, John, 15.
+
+    Canal, Chesapeake and Ohio, 77.
+      Potomac, 77.
+
+    Caperton, Hugh, 134.
+      Mrs. Hugh, 104.
+
+    Capital Traction Company, 113.
+      Transit Company, 155.
+
+    "Carcassonne, The," 251.
+
+    Carlile, Henry, 38.
+
+    Carlton, Joseph, 17.
+
+    Carpenter & Co., 217.
+
+    Carr, Overton, 58.
+
+    Carroll, Bishop, 116.
+      Charles, 256.
+      Daniel, 56, 58, 59, 256.
+      John, 116.
+
+    Carter, Anne, 289.
+      Col. John, 289.
+
+    Casanave, Peter, 17, 44, 80, 253.
+
+    Cassin, Commodore, 214.
+      James, 181, 185.
+      Mrs. James, 180.
+      William Deakins, 182.
+
+    Catholic Home for Aged Ladies, 218.
+
+    Cedars, The, 125.
+
+    "Century House," 299.
+
+    Chandler, Captain, 220.
+      Walter S., 37, 257.
+
+    Chapin, Katharine Garrison, 279.
+
+    Chapman, Edward, 192.
+      Frances Isabella, 192.
+      Judge Henry Henley, 192.
+      Jane, 192.
+
+    Chatham, Thurmond, 113.
+
+    Cherry Lane, 40.
+
+    Chevy Chase, 25, 280.
+      Club, 183.
+
+    Chew, Cassandra, 86.
+      Harriot, 86.
+      Mary, 86.
+
+    Christ Church, 87, 160, 174, 212, 276.
+
+    Christian Science Church, 136.
+
+    Cissel, George W., 275.
+
+    City Tavern, 30.
+
+    Clagett, James, 33.
+      Rev. Thomas, 67, 86.
+
+    Clarke, Thomas, 160.
+
+    Cleveland, President and Mrs., 171.
+
+    Coakley, Magdalen, 131.
+
+    Cochrane, John T., 217.
+
+    Cohen, Ben, 297.
+
+    College, Georgetown, 103.
+
+    Colonial Apartments, 183.
+
+    Columbia Boat Club, 138.
+      Foundry, 78.
+      Phonograph Co., 121.
+
+    Columbian Academy, 134.
+      Library, 134.
+
+    Compton, Donna Otie, 273.
+      Mary, 273.
+
+    Congress, Continental, 16.
+
+    Conjurer's Disappointment, 11.
+
+    _Constitution_, 128.
+
+    Cooke, Henry D., 243, 289.
+      Jay, 243.
+
+    Corcoran, Charles Morris, 168.
+      Gallery of Art, 171.
+      Harriett Louise, 168.
+      Mrs. James, 167.
+      Louise Morris, 168.
+      Thomas, 18, 87, 200, 213.
+      Thomas, Jr., 217.
+      Tommy, 297.
+      W. W., 106, 151, 163, 174, 182.
+
+    Cotton Manufactory, 19.
+
+    Cox, John, 123, 125, 135, 298.
+      Sally, 126.
+      Thomas, 142.
+      Thomas Campbell, 298.
+      Judge Walter, 135.
+
+    Coyle, Jennie, 217.
+
+    Cozens, Mrs., 32.
+
+    Crabb, Capt. Henry Wright, 10.
+
+    Craik, William, 288.
+
+    Crampton, Hon. John F., 289.
+
+    Crawford, Joseph, 83.
+
+    Crawford's Hotel, 82.
+
+    Crookshanks, Mr., 69.
+
+    Crossbasket, 14.
+
+    Curley, Rev. James, 117.
+
+    Curtis, 214.
+      School, 163.
+
+    Custis, George Washington Parke, 22, 267.
+      Mrs. John Parke, 60.
+      Martha Parke, 66, 262.
+      Mary, 267.
+
+
+    Dabney, John, 35.
+
+    Dall, Mrs., 276.
+
+    Darneilles, Philip, 270.
+
+    Davidson, Adeline, 230.
+      Eliza G., 239.
+      John, 104, 156, 192, 230.
+      Kate, 230.
+      Martha, 230.
+      Mary, 192.
+      Nannie, 230.
+      Aunt Peggy, 192.
+      Samuel, 10, 58, 281.
+
+    Davies, Cornelius, 26.
+
+    Davis, Dwight F., 252.
+      Jefferson, 99.
+      Joe, 279.
+
+    Davison, Hon. F. Trubee, 131.
+
+    Daw, Reuben, 250.
+
+    Dawson, Joshua, 83.
+
+    Deakins, Colonel, 15, 17, 51.
+      Francis, 206.
+      Tabitha Ann, 180.
+      William, 18.
+      William, Jr., 10, 47, 58.
+
+    Debtors' Prison, 37.
+
+    Decatur, Stephen, 157, 158.
+
+    Dent, Barbara, 142.
+      Edward Linthicum, 304.
+      Josiah, 304.
+      Place, 163.
+
+    Dick, Betsy, 148.
+      Lucinda, 146.
+      Margaret, 142.
+      Robert, 142.
+      Thomas, 142, 146.
+
+    Discovery, 11.
+
+    Digges, Thomas A., 63.
+      William Dudley, 63.
+
+    Dill, Sir John and Lady, 246.
+
+    Dinsmore and Francis, 35.
+
+    District of Columbia, 27.
+
+    Dodge, A. H., 242, 247.
+      Allen, 237.
+      Charles, 239, 282.
+      Mr. and Mrs. Charles, 272.
+      Ebenezer, 17, 234.
+      Elizabeth, 240.
+      Emily, 240.
+      F. & A. H., 242.
+      Francis, 17, 232, 242, 251.
+      Francis, Jr., 192, 237.
+      Col. Harrison Howell, 156, 234.
+      Henry H., 241.
+      Robert, 234.
+      Robert Perley, 251.
+      William, 237.
+
+    Donovan, General William. 288.
+
+    Dorsey, William Hammond, 50, 301, 302.
+
+    Dougal, William, 301.
+
+    Doughty, William, 74.
+
+    Doughty's, Capt., Company, 69.
+
+    Douglas, Hon. Lewis A., 131.
+
+    Dow, Lorenzo, 82.
+
+    Doyle, Alexander, 116.
+
+    Du Bose, Vice-Admiral Laurence, 141.
+
+    Duck Lane, 40.
+
+    Duclaviacq, J. B., 44.
+
+    Dumfries, Virginia, 15.
+
+    Dumbarton House, 252.
+
+    Dunlop, Arianna French, 146.
+      Elizabeth Peter, 106.
+      Helen, 268.
+      Henry, 166.
+      Capt. Henry, 127.
+      James, Jr., 15.
+      James, 15, 20, 67, 104, 146.
+      Mrs. James, 148.
+      Judge, 148, 183.
+
+    Dupont Circle, 156.
+
+    Duval, Gabriel, 253.
+
+
+    Eagle Iron Works, 70.
+      Tavern, 30.
+
+    Earle, George, 126.
+      Joseph, 18.
+
+    _Early Days of Washington_, 191, 291.
+
+    East Lane, 40.
+
+    Eaton, William, 35.
+
+    Ebenezer (church), 76.
+
+    Edes Home, 187.
+      Margaret, 19, 187.
+
+    "Elderslie," 306.
+
+    Eliason, John, 74.
+
+    Ellicott, Andrew, 61.
+
+    Elliot, Jonathan, 117.
+
+    Elliott, Richard, 83.
+
+    Elliston, Herbert, 287.
+
+    Elverson, Nelly, 305.
+
+    English, Miss Lydia, 183.
+
+    Epiphany School, 214.
+
+    Episcopal Church of the Ascension, 173.
+
+    Eustis, Hon. George, 169.
+      Mrs. William Corcoran, 252.
+
+    _Evening Star, The_, 275.
+
+    "Evermay," 281.
+      Club, The, 283.
+
+
+    Farmers' and Butchers' Market, 109.
+
+    "Federal House," 202.
+
+    _Federal Republican, The_, 91.
+
+    Federalists, 85.
+
+    Ferguson, Robert, 11.
+
+    Fierer, Charles & Co., 32.
+
+    Fifer Largo, 8.
+
+    Finley, Mrs. David E., 202.
+
+    Finney, Jimmy, 97.
+
+    Fisher, H. W., 107.
+
+    Fishing Lane, 40.
+
+    Fleeson, Doris, 208.
+
+    Fleete, Henry, 3.
+
+    Flournoy, Rev. Parke P., 219.
+
+    Forrest, Bladen, 108.
+
+    "Forrest Hill," 191.
+
+    Forrest Hall, 202.
+
+    Forrest, Stoddert, and Murdock, 16.
+
+    Forrest, Uriah, 16, 58, 93.
+
+    Forrestal, James E., 113.
+
+    Fort Duquesne, 13.
+
+    Fort McHenry, 101.
+
+    Foster, Sir Augustus, 45, 254.
+
+    Foundry Methodist Church, 74.
+
+    Fountain Inn, 30, 48.
+
+    Fowler, Colonel, 141, 216.
+
+    Foxall, Catherine, 76, 153.
+      Henry, 70, 153, 156.
+      Mary Ann, 76, 196.
+
+    Frankfurter, Justice, 191.
+
+    Franklin, Dr. (Benj.), 19.
+
+    Freeland, Agnes, 151.
+      Sarah Norfleet, 151.
+
+    Freeman, Dr. Douglas S., 204.
+
+    Fremont, General C., 185.
+
+    French, A., 81.
+      Colonel W. E. P., 155.
+
+    Frick Art Reference Library, 131.
+
+    Friendly, Alfred, 276.
+
+    "Friendship," 298.
+
+    Frizzle, Bull, 79.
+
+    Frogland, 11.
+
+    Fulton, Robert, 82.
+
+    Furvey, Rachel, 86.
+
+
+    Gadsby's Tavern, 26.
+
+    Gannt, John M., 18.
+      Clare, 130.
+
+    Gantt, John M., 81, 160.
+
+    Garden Club, Georgetown, 72.
+
+    Garden Clubs of America, 72.
+
+    Gardette, Mr., 32.
+
+    Gardiner, Miss Jennie, 219.
+
+    George Town Academy, 36, 46.
+
+    _George Town Weekly Ledger, The_, 23.
+
+    George Town Wool, 19.
+
+    George Washington University, 172.
+
+    "Georgetown," 204.
+
+    Georgetown College, 70, 116, 165.
+
+    Georgetown College and Convent, 17.
+
+    Germantown, Battle of, 16.
+
+    Getty, Hetty, 97.
+
+    Gillespie, James, 206.
+
+    Glee Club, Georgetown, 101.
+
+    Glyn, Elinor, 220.
+
+    Godeys, 214.
+
+    Gordon, Elizabeth Dodge, 248.
+      George, 9, 10, 11.
+      J. Holdsworth, 246.
+      Josephine, 248.
+      Margaret R., 248.
+      William A.. 127, 135, 161, 180.
+      William A., Jr., 246, 248.
+
+    Gordon's Inspection House, 87.
+
+    Govan, Archibald, 22.
+
+    Grace Church, 66.
+
+    Graham, Philip, 288.
+
+    Grant, General, 209.
+      Lewis, 281.
+
+    Grayson, Admiral and Mrs. Cary T., 256.
+
+    Greeley, General Adolphus, 210.
+
+    Green, Alice, 98.
+      George, 93.
+      Hill, 63.
+      Pyle, 245.
+      Mrs. Zola, 245.
+
+    Greenleaf, James, 58.
+
+    "Greenwood," 137.
+
+    Greenway, Mrs. Isabella, 220.
+
+    Grinnell Arctic Expedition, 177.
+
+    Grosvenor, Mrs. Gilbert, 119.
+
+    Gunston Hall, 214.
+
+
+    "Halcyon House," 109.
+
+    Hall, Mrs. Basil. 157.
+
+    Halleck, Gen. H. W., 295.
+
+    Hamilton, Alexander, 279.
+      Thomas, 28.
+
+    Hanewinckel, William Frederick, 224.
+
+    Hanson, Alexander Contee, 91.
+
+    Harkness, Richard, 191.
+
+    "Harlem," 90.
+
+    _Harper's Magazine_, 204.
+
+    Harrison, Thomas, 160.
+      Virginia, 160.
+
+    Harrover, Miss, 185.
+
+    Harry, Harriot Eliza, 271.
+
+    Harward, Ann, 76.
+
+    Haw, John Stoddert, 160, 213.
+      Lucinda Stoddert, 215.
+
+    "Hayes," 105.
+
+    Haynes, Aaron, 45.
+
+    Hazel's Stable, 209.
+
+    Hedges, Nicholas, 182.
+
+    Heiberg, Colonel and Mrs., 201.
+
+    Heighe, Glorvina, 135.
+
+    "Heights, The," 299.
+
+    Hein, Charles, 133.
+      Col. O. L., 133.
+      Samuel, 132.
+
+    Henderson, Thomas, 213.
+
+    Henry Brand & Co., 35.
+
+    Herr, Abraham H., 202, 276.
+      Austin, 276.
+
+    Herring Hill, 180.
+
+    Heugh, Andrew, 10, 15.
+
+    "Highlands, The," 256.
+
+    Hight, Mrs., 109.
+
+    Hill, Louis, 273.
+
+    Hinckley, Howard, 257.
+
+    Hines, Christian, 27.
+
+    Hoban, James, 38.
+
+    Hobbs, Miss, 159.
+
+    Hollerith, Hermann, 286.
+
+    Hollingsworth, Col., 224.
+
+    Holmead, Anthony, 58.
+
+    Holy Hill, 131.
+
+    Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 116.
+
+    Home for the Blind, 291.
+
+    Hood, Admiral Sir Samuel, 90.
+
+    Hope, Eleanor, 227.
+
+    Hopkins, Diana, 130.
+      Harry, 130.
+      Mrs. Mary, 121.
+      Rev. Matthew, 121.
+
+    Howard, Governor, 56.
+      Nathaniel, 172.
+
+    Hubbard, Roberta, 120.
+
+    Hull, Captain Isaac, 128.
+     Prince, 45.
+
+    Humboldt, Baron, 169.
+
+    Humbolt, 82.
+
+    Hume, Thomas L., 209.
+
+    Hunter, William, 130.
+
+    Hyde, Anthony, 182.
+      Granville, 182.
+      Thomas, 183, 252.
+
+
+    Ihlder, Mr. and Mrs. John, 250.
+
+    _Impartial Observer and Washington Advertiser_, 47.
+
+    Independence, Declaration of, 70.
+
+    Indians, 4.
+      Nacotchankes, 4.
+      Anacostians, 4.
+
+    Industrial Home School, 9.
+
+    International Business Machines Corporation, 286.
+
+    Iran, Shah of, 113.
+
+    Irving, Washington, 82.
+
+    Islands, 65.
+      Analostan, 65.
+      Mason's, 65.
+      My Lord's, 65.
+      Barbadoes, 65.
+
+    Iturbide, Prince, 98.
+
+
+    Jackson, Andrew, 78, 92, 183.
+      Samuel, 253.
+
+    James, Reverend Mr., 200.
+
+    Jancerez, A. L., 35.
+
+    Jefferson, Thomas, 4, 58, 70, 199, 254.
+
+    _Jersey_, 90.
+
+    John Glassford & Company, 14.
+
+    Johns, Margaret, 224.
+      Captain Richard, 35.
+      Sarah, 289.
+      Thomas, 18.
+
+    Johnson, Andrew, 183.
+      Thomas, 58, 59.
+      Thomas, Jr., 18.
+
+    Joiner, Robert, 42.
+
+    Jones, John, 44.
+
+    Joseph Semmes's Tavern, 31.
+
+    Josepha, Anna Maria, 254.
+
+    Joyce, Col. John J., 295.
+
+
+    Kearns, Francis, 30.
+
+    Keith, James, 129.
+      Rev. Ruel, 213.
+
+    Kennon, Mrs. Beverley, 106, 204, 261.
+      Mrs. Britannia W., 265.
+      Martha, 154.
+      Martha Custis, 266.
+
+    Key, Francis Scott, 99, 208, 213.
+      Philip Barton, 18, 31, 95, 200, 208.
+
+    Keys, The, 40.
+
+    Kilty, Hon. Mr., 56.
+
+    King, William, 18, 31, 87.
+
+    Kings Arms, 25.
+
+    Kirk, Alexander, 298.
+      S. and Sons, 35.
+      Thomas, 34.
+
+    Kirk's School, 163.
+
+    Knave's Disappointment, 11.
+
+    Knox, Mrs. McCook, 131.
+
+
+    Lacy, Benjamin, 30.
+
+    Lafayette, General, 144.
+
+    Laird, Helen, 146.
+      John, 17, 87, 144, 146.
+      Peggy, 148.
+      William, 268.
+      Mrs. William, 127.
+      William, Jr., 146.
+
+    Lancaster, Joseph, 212.
+
+    Lancastrian School, 136.
+
+    Langfitt, Colonel, 258.
+
+    Lanman, Charles, 239, 241.
+
+    _Lawrence, The_, 72.
+
+    Laws, Sunday, 76.
+
+    League of American Pen Women, 115.
+
+    Leakin, Rev. George, 143.
+
+    Lear's Wharf, 83.
+
+    Lee, General Charles, 253.
+      Charlotte, 215.
+      General Henry, 91.
+      Mrs. Henry, 204.
+      Margaret, 215.
+      Richard Bland, 53.
+      _R. E._, 204.
+      General Robert E., 172, 267.
+      Thomas Sim, 85, 297.
+
+    Lemon, Hannah, 87.
+
+    L'Enfant, 51.
+
+    Lewis, Fulton, Jr., 279.
+      Mr. and Mrs. Fulton, 279.
+      Sir Wilmott, 115.
+
+    Leyhman, Christopher, 86.
+
+    Liancourt, Duc de la Rochefoucault, 16.
+
+    Libbey, Joseph H., 218.
+       Martha, 218.
+
+    Liberia, 103.
+
+    Liberty League, 201.
+
+    Light-Lane, 48.
+
+    Lincoln, Abraham, 149, 155.
+      Robert Todd, 149.
+
+    Lingan, James Maccubbin, 17, 52, 58, 89, 306.
+      Nicholas, 19, 232.
+      Robert, 58.
+
+    Linthicum, Edward M., 107, 161, 303.
+      Institute, 163.
+      Kate, 163.
+
+    Lippincott, Mrs. Hare, 160.
+
+    Lippman, Walter, 119.
+
+    Lipscomb's School, Miss, 155.
+
+    Little Old Stone House, The, 61.
+
+    Little Falls, The, 40.
+
+    Lockwood, Gen. Henry Hayes, 247.
+      James, 247.
+
+    Lodge, Henry Cabot, 210.
+
+    Longfont, Major, 55.
+
+    Lord Baltimore, 5.
+
+    Lottery, 46.
+
+    Louise Home, 171, 269.
+
+    Loundes, Christopher, 109.
+      Francis, 17.
+      Rebecca, 109.
+
+    Lovering, William, 38.
+
+    Lover's Lane, 304.
+
+    Lowndes, Francis, 261.
+
+    Lower Marlboro, 67.
+
+    Lutz, John, 74, 106.
+
+    Lynch, Dominick, 58.
+
+    Lynn, David, 10, 301.
+      Jane, 301.
+      Rosetta, 301.
+
+    Lyon's Mill, 19.
+
+
+    Macaulay, Mrs. Edward, 113.
+
+    Mackall, Benjamin, 112, 200, 284, 298.
+      Christiana Beall, 271.
+      Christiana, 284.
+      Leonard, 74, 112, 284, 298.
+      Louis, 284.
+      Dr. Louis, 181.
+      Dr. and Mrs. Louis, 191.
+      Sally Somervell, 291.
+
+    Madison, Dolly, 30, 254, 308.
+      James, 30, 254.
+
+    Magruder, Dr. Hezekiah, 18, 202.
+      James A., 213.
+      Mrs. James A., 217.
+      Samuel III, 10.
+
+    "Mamre," 69.
+
+    Marbury, Eleanor, 289.
+      John, 97, 141, 167.
+      John, Jr., 299.
+      William, 95, 279.
+
+    Marburys, 130.
+
+    March, John, 35.
+
+    Marche, Madame de la, 36.
+      Mary de la, 119.
+
+    Marlowe, Julia, 287.
+
+    Morsell, Judge, 157.
+
+    Marshall, John, 95.
+
+    Martineau, Mr., 112.
+
+    Mary Margaret Home, 217.
+
+    Maryland Agricultural College, 172.
+
+    _Maryland Gazette_, 24, 25, 26, 46.
+
+    _Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, The_, 55.
+
+    Mason, Mrs. Beverley Randolph, 214.
+      Emily V., 250.
+      James, 171.
+      John, 50, 65, 69, 92, 200.
+      John Thompson, 115.
+      Robert, 7.
+
+    Matthews, Henry Cooksey, 215.
+
+    Maximilian, Emperor, 98.
+
+    McCartney, Mrs., 196.
+
+    McCleery, Harry, 208.
+
+    McCormick, Mrs. Ruth Hannah, 252.
+
+    McCoy, Mrs. Frank R., 273.
+
+    McCraith, Richard, 243.
+
+    McDermott, Maria, 119.
+
+    McDonald (Alexander, Mary), 42.
+      Andrew, 32.
+
+    McGrath's Company, 43.
+
+    McIlvaine, Rev. Charles, 215.
+
+    McKenney, Henrietta, 196.
+      Samuel, 74, 196, 212.
+      Summerfield, 275.
+
+    McLaughlin, Charles, 30.
+
+    McLean, Mrs. Evalyn Walsh, 298.
+
+    McPherson, John D., 283.
+
+    McVean, Dr. James, 216.
+      Rev. James, 6, 181.
+      Margaret, 181, 286.
+
+    Melvin, James, 83.
+
+    _Memories of Long Ago_, 133.
+
+    _Merrimac_, 136.
+
+    Merry, Anthony, 82.
+
+    Methodist Church, 161.
+
+    Methodist Episcopal Church, 197.
+
+    Meyer, Hon. and Mrs. Balthasar, 208.
+      Sylvia, 208.
+
+    "Middlebrook," 90.
+
+    Middleton, Miss, 143.
+
+    _Mikado_, 108.
+
+    Military Academy, 63.
+
+    Miller, Benjamin F., 251.
+      Mrs. Benjamin, 218.
+      Hezekiah, 143.
+
+    Mitchell, Miss Kate, 303.
+
+    Maffitt, John, 83.
+
+    Monroe, James, 92, 254.
+
+    Monrovia, 103.
+
+    "Montrose," 300.
+
+    Moore, Clement, 213.
+      Frederick L., 279.
+
+    Morris, Anthony, 254.
+      Commodore Charles, 128.
+      Gouveneur, 196.
+      Louise, 167.
+      Mrs., 113.
+      Rebecca, 254.
+      Robert, 58, 70, 196.
+
+    Morrow, Hon. Dwight, 288.
+
+    Morsell, Judge, 219.
+
+    Morton, William, 213.
+
+    "Mount Airy," 137.
+
+    "Mount Alban," 254.
+
+    Mount Alto Hospital, 23.
+
+    Mount Vernon, 51, 173.
+
+    Mount Zion Methodist, 179.
+
+    Mountz, John, 85.
+
+    Murdock, John, 10, 17.
+      William, 17, 52.
+
+    _Museum, The_, 33.
+
+    Myers, John, 213.
+
+
+    Napier, Lord and Lady, 169.
+
+    National Gallery of Art, 160, 202.
+
+    Naval Agent, 37.
+      Observatory, U. S., 134.
+
+    Neale, Rev. Francis, 116, 118.
+
+    Needham, John, 10.
+
+    Newbold, John L., 258.
+      Lydia, 257, 258.
+
+    New Orleans, Battle of, 93.
+
+    Nicholson, Commodore, 245.
+      John, 58.
+
+    Nicolls, William, 224.
+
+    "Normanstone," 305.
+
+    Norwood, Dr. William, 213.
+
+    Nourse, Major Charles, 254.
+      Major Charles Joseph, 136.
+      Elizabeth, 136.
+      Miss Emily, 106, 247.
+      Joseph, 83, 247, 253.
+      Miss Mary, 267.
+      Miss Rosa, 267.
+
+
+    "Oak Hill," 83, 189.
+      Cemetery, 167.
+
+    "Oak View," 95, 269.
+
+    "Oaks, The," 161, 300.
+
+    Odell, Thomas, 24.
+
+    Oden, Benjamin, 58.
+
+    Oeller's Hotel, 63.
+
+    Oertel, Reverend Mr., 200.
+
+    _Old Houses in Georgetown Heights_, 161.
+
+    "Old White," 172.
+
+    Old Yarrow, 206.
+
+    Olney Institute, 219.
+
+    O'Neal, John Carter, 289.
+
+    O'Neale, Peggy, 308.
+
+    O'Neill, Bernard, 10.
+
+    Order of Poor Clares, 118.
+
+    Orme, James, 83.
+      John, 25, 26.
+      Rev. John, 26, 288.
+      Lucy, 26.
+      William B., 283.
+
+    Otie, Bishop James Hervey, 273.
+
+    Oueston family, 137.
+
+    Oulahan, Richard V., 218.
+
+    Ould, Mattie, 130.
+      Judge Robert, 130.
+
+    Owens, Isaac, 74.
+
+
+    Pairo, family, 112.
+
+    Pancost, Wm., 38.
+
+    Parrott, Mrs. Jane. 68.
+      Richard, 305.
+
+    Parrott's Mill, 19.
+
+    Patrenotre, Monsieur, 305.
+
+    "Patmos," 69.
+
+    Patton, Mrs. James D., 217.
+
+    Payne, John Howard, 91, 308.
+
+    Peabody Educational Fund, 177.
+
+    Peabody, George, 151, 174.
+
+    Pearson, Drew, 180.
+
+    Peirce, Edward, 58.
+      James, 58.
+
+    Pendleton, Mr., 270.
+      Dr. William, 172.
+
+    Perrie, James, 10.
+
+    Perry, Commodore, 72.
+
+    Perthshire, 13.
+
+    Peter, Alexander, 153.
+      America, 264.
+      Ann Thomas Beall, 288.
+      Armistead, 153.
+      Armistead, Jr., 261.
+      Dr. Armistead, 140, 186, 266.
+      Britannia, 264.
+      Columbia, 264.
+      David, 289, 302.
+      Mrs. David, 289.
+      Elizabeth, 67.
+      Major George, 150, 151, 153, 175, 266.
+      George Washington, 306.
+      Jane, 302.
+      John, 10, 50, 83, 86, 142.
+      Margaret, 142.
+      Robert, 10, 14, 47, 58, 66, 87, 105.
+      Mrs. Robert, 80, 142.
+      Sallie, 149.
+      Thomas, 64, 262, 306.
+      Mrs. Thomas, 64, 266, 275.
+      Walter G., 265.
+
+    Peter's Grove, 289.
+      Square, 66.
+
+    _Philadelphia_, 128.
+
+    Philip, Henry, 156.
+
+    Philippe, Louis, 65, 82.
+
+    Phillips, E., 34.
+
+    Pichon, Monsieur, 69.
+
+    Pick, Mrs., 81.
+
+    Pickrell, Annie Graham, 209.
+      John, 213.
+
+    Pinckney, William, 173.
+
+    Piney Branch, 5.
+
+    Pious Ladies, The, 119.
+
+    Pitt, George, 30.
+
+    Plater, Ann, 151.
+      Rebecca, 93.
+      Thomas, 90, 200.
+
+    Podestad, Marquis de, 219.
+
+    Pollock, Isaac, 253.
+
+    Pompean Hall, 29.
+
+    Poore, Ben Perley, 239, 240.
+
+    Post, Dr., 144.
+
+    Potomac Fire Engine Co., 37.
+      Fire Insurance Company, 104.
+
+    Powell, Genevieve, 273.
+      John Wesley, 272.
+
+    Presbyterian Church, 275.
+      Sabbath School, 182.
+
+    President's House, 38.
+
+    "Pretty Prospect," 11, 109.
+
+    Prince Georges County, Md., 9.
+
+    _Princeton_, 275.
+
+    Prospect Cottage, 115.
+
+    "Prospect House," 113.
+
+    Prout, William, 58.
+
+
+    "Quality Hill," 115.
+
+
+    Radford, Admiral, 245.
+      Sophy, 245.
+
+    Randolph, John, 82.
+
+    Read, Isabella, 144.
+      Jane, 144.
+
+    _Red Devil, The_, 99.
+
+    Redin, Catherine, 155.
+      Richard Wright, 153.
+      William, 153.
+
+    Reed, Dr. Walter, 245.
+
+    "Red Top," 269.
+
+    Reintzel, Daniel, 11.
+
+    Reverend Addison Belt's School, 163.
+
+    Richardson, Thomas, 10, 18, 52.
+
+    Ridgely, Anna Key, 128.
+      Elizabeth, 123.
+
+    Riggs, Bank, 26, 104.
+      Elisha, 165, 175.
+      George W., 165.
+
+    Riley, Marianna, 141.
+
+    "Riley's, Dr.," 140.
+
+    Ritchie, Dr. Lewis, 131.
+      Mary, 208.
+
+    Rittenhouse, Fannie, 252.
+      Loulie, 258.
+
+    Robbins, Warren Delano, 252.
+
+    Roberdeau, Mr. 61.
+
+    Roberts, Owen J., 210, 214.
+
+    Robertson, Thomas, 160.
+
+    Robinson, Margaret, 298.
+      William, 297.
+
+    Roche, Captain de la, 189.
+
+    Rochefoucault, Madame de la, 119.
+
+    Rock Creek, 158, 179.
+
+    Rock of Dumbarton, 11.
+
+    Rogers, Mr., 34.
+      Dr. William Barton, 144.
+
+    Rolling Houses, 10.
+
+    Roman Church, The, 116.
+
+    Roosevelt, Franklin D., 130.
+      Mrs. Henry Latrobe, 246.
+      James, 205.
+      Theodore Memorial Association, 66.
+
+    "Rosedale," 93.
+
+    Ross, Andrew, 83.
+
+    "Royal George," 82.
+
+
+    Sailor's Oak, 23.
+
+    Sailor's Tavern, The, 30.
+
+    Saint Frances of Assisi, 118.
+
+    Saint John's Church, 115, 135.
+
+    Sayrs, Rev. Mr., 199.
+
+    St. John's Episcopal Church, 199.
+
+    _Salem_, 29.
+
+    Sands, Comfort, 58.
+      Admiral James Hogan, 202.
+      William Franklin, 202.
+
+    Sartiges, Count de, 289.
+
+    Second U. S. Regiment, 202.
+
+    Seminary, Miss English's, 97.
+
+    Seminary, The, 183.
+
+    Semmes, Cora, 129.
+
+    _Sentinel of Liberty, The_, 33, 48.
+
+    Sevier, Mr. and Mrs. John, 226.
+
+    Schladt's, Joe, 107.
+
+    Schoofield, Jacob, 34, 81.
+
+    School for Young Ladies, 34.
+
+    Schultz, Mr., 35.
+
+    Scotch Row, 69.
+
+    Scott, Arianna, 80.
+      Captain Douglas, 202.
+      Elizabeth, 66.
+      George, 66.
+      Gustavus, 19.
+      Winfield, 287.
+
+    Shaffer, Amy, 129.
+
+    Sharpe, Louise, 119.
+
+    Shepherd, Alexander, 191.
+
+    Ships--
+      _Potomack Planter_, 22.
+      _Brothers_, 22.
+      _Betsy_, 22.
+      _Ritson_, 22.
+      _Felicity_, 22.
+      _Lydia_, 22.
+      _Columbia_, 22.
+
+    Shouse, Jouett, 201.
+
+    "Sign of the Golden Fan," 35.
+
+    Sign of the Indian King, 31.
+
+    Sigsbee, Admiral, 250.
+
+    Simms, Mrs. Albert, 252.
+      Captain Charles Carroll, 136.
+
+    Simpson, Ignatius, 27.
+      James Alexander, 132, 206.
+      John, 132.
+      Reverend, Mr., 220.
+
+    Slidell, Hon. John, 170.
+
+    Smith, Barbara, 86.
+      Clement, 97, 125, 213, 299, 305.
+      Gurdon B., 168.
+      James, 9, 130.
+      Captain John, 3.
+      Jennie, 224.
+      Margaret, 76, 224.
+      Matilda, 125, 299.
+      Roberta, 224.
+
+    Smoot, John D., 155.
+
+    Snyder, Dr. Arthur, 138.
+      Dr. John M., 137.
+
+    "Sotterley," 93.
+
+    Sothern, E. H., 287.
+
+    Southworth, Mrs. E. D. E. N., 115.
+
+    "Sporting Parson," 106.
+
+    Sprague, Kate Chase, 244.
+
+    "Spring Hill," 71.
+
+    Stanton, Edwin M., 308.
+
+    "Star and Garter," 177.
+
+    _Star-Spangled Banner, The_, 101.
+
+    Steele, Franklin, 113.
+      Frank, 275.
+
+    Stephenson, Lucy, 135.
+
+    Steuben, General von, 60.
+
+    Stevens, George, 31, 32.
+      Oscar, 143.
+
+    Steuart, Adam, 10, 18.
+
+    Stewart, William, 200.
+
+    Stoddert, Benjamin, 10, 16, 47, 58, 112, 307.
+      Captain Thomas, 16.
+
+    Stohlman, Frederick, 108.
+      J. William, 108.
+
+    Stohlman's, 108.
+
+    Stone House, 86.
+
+    Stone, John H., 58.
+
+    Stouffer, Henry, 47.
+
+    Strange, Michael, 207.
+
+    Stuart, Albert Rhett, 214, 216.
+      David, 56, 59.
+      Gilbert, 44, 159.
+      Joshua, 182.
+      Col. Philip, 307.
+
+    Sumner, Charles, 163.
+
+    _Surprise_, 77.
+
+    Suter, John, 27, 28.
+      John, Jr., 86.
+
+    "Swallow Barn, The," 200.
+
+    Symonds, Misses, 120.
+
+
+    Tabor, Alice, 119.
+
+    Taft, Senator Robert A., 280.
+
+    Talcott, E. M., 206.
+      Miss Lucia, 286.
+
+    Talleyrand, 82.
+
+    Tavern, Union, 81.
+
+    Tayloe, Annie, 138.
+      Jane, 302.
+      John, 89, 302.
+      Sophie, 138.
+
+    Temple of Islam, 179.
+
+    Templeman, John, 111.
+
+    Tenally Town, 257.
+
+    Tennally, John, 31.
+
+    Tenney, William H., 214, 220.
+
+    Tenneys, Miss, 214.
+
+    Terrace Top, 287.
+
+    Thaw, Blair, 130.
+
+    Thomas, Edward, 47.
+      Gen. George C., 219.
+
+    Thompson, Charles, 51.
+      George, 83, 93.
+
+    Thomson, Elizabeth, 234.
+
+    Thornton, William, 31.
+      Mrs. William, 30.
+      Dr. William, 89, 263.
+
+    Threlkeld, Elizabeth, 123.
+      Henry, 17, 121.
+      Jane, 125, 299.
+      John, 63, 123.
+
+    Tillinghast, Rev. N. P., 239.
+
+    Timberlake, Mr., 308.
+
+    _Times and Potowmack Packet_, 28, 45, 46, 51.
+
+    Toby, Lemuel, 22.
+
+    Tohoga, 4.
+
+    Tudor Place, 89, 154, 261.
+
+    "Tunlaw," 209.
+
+    Tschuda, Ume, 241.
+
+    Turner, Nancy Byrd, 36.
+
+    Turner's Counting House, 44.
+
+    Tyler, Dr. Grafton, 149, 187.
+      Mittie, 182.
+      Dr. Walter Bowie, 189.
+
+
+    _Undiplomatic Memories_, 202.
+
+    Union Bank, 87, 108.
+      Hotel, 77.
+      Tavern, 29, 64.
+
+    United States Bank, 183.
+
+    Upper Marlboro, 26.
+
+
+    Vanderwerken, Mr., 85.
+
+    Van Devanter, Christopher, 202.
+      Sally, 202.
+
+    Van Nell, John P., 58.
+
+    Van Ness, Marcia Burns, 308.
+
+    Victoria, Queen, 177.
+
+    _Vigilant, The_, 36.
+
+    Villard, R. H. L., 35.
+
+    "Vineyard, The," 134.
+
+    "Virginia Dons," 15.
+      _Gazette, The_, 18.
+      Military Institute, 172.
+
+    Visitation Convent, 118.
+
+    Volney, Count, 82.
+
+    Volta Place, 206.
+      Speech Association, 121.
+
+
+    Wadsworth, Hon. James J., 131.
+
+    Waggaman, Thomas E., 201.
+
+    Walker, George, 15, 58.
+      Mr. and Mrs. John, 160.
+
+    Wapping, 40.
+
+    War Department, 170.
+
+    Warburton Manor, 63.
+
+    Ward, Ulysses, 213.
+
+    "Warehouse Lot," 87.
+
+    Warren, Mr., 93.
+
+    Washington Cathedral, 68.
+      City Orphan Asylum, 170.
+      Eleanor Ann, 287.
+      _Federalist, The_, 30.
+      George, 12, 15, 28, 51, 58.
+      George Corbin, 287.
+      John Augustine, 287.
+
+    Washington and Lee University, 172.
+
+    Washington, Lewis, 287.
+
+    "Washington Merry-Go-Round," 180.
+
+    Walters, William, 74.
+
+    Weaver's, Admiral House, 156.
+
+    Webster, Daniel, 169, 174.
+
+    _Weekly Ledger, The_, 33.
+
+    Weems, Doctor, 18.
+
+    Welsh, James, 35.
+
+    West, Mrs. Frank, 299.
+
+    West Washington School for Girls, 215.
+
+    Western Channel, 22.
+
+    Western High School, 126.
+
+    "Weston," 257.
+
+    Whann, David, 89.
+      Jane Maffitt, 181.
+      William, 83.
+
+    Wheatleys, 130.
+
+    Wheeler, Elizabeth, 58.
+
+    Whiskey Insurrectionists, 150.
+
+    Whitall, Samuel, 257.
+      Sarah, 257.
+
+    White House, 39.
+
+    White, Jane, 31.
+
+    White Sulphur, 177.
+
+    White's Tavern, Mrs., 44.
+
+    Wigglesworth, Hon. Richard B., 131.
+
+    Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, 295.
+
+    Wiley, Dr. David, 83, 181, 216.
+      Rev. David, 34.
+
+    Wilkinson, General, 150.
+      Theodore, 141.
+
+    Willard Hotel, 277.
+
+    William and Mary College, 172.
+
+    William of Orange, Prince, 13.
+
+    Williams, Alec, 140.
+      Brooke, 291.
+      Brooke, Jr., 275.
+      Mrs. Brooke, Sr., 274
+      Elisha O., 160.
+      Mrs. Elisha O., 270, 289.
+      Harriot Beall, 144, 202, 274, 291.
+      Jeremiah, 191.
+      Gen. Otho Holland, 52, 219.
+      Mrs. Rebecca, 291.
+      Dr. Walter, 216.
+      Capt. William G., 263.
+
+    Williamson, Rev. Alexander, 105.
+      Mrs., 156.
+
+    Wilson, William, 87.
+
+    Winant, John G., 205.
+
+    Winslow, Mary, 274.
+
+    Wirt, William, 34, 81.
+
+    Wise, John, 26.
+
+    Wood, Admiral and Mrs. Spencer, 160.
+
+    "Woodlawn," 89.
+
+    "Woodley," 95.
+
+    Woods, Marian, 156.
+
+    "Woodyard," 9.
+
+    Worthington, Dr. Charles, 115, 200, 298.
+      Mr. and Mrs. John, 156.
+      Lilah, 156.
+      Nicholas, 115.
+
+
+    Yellow Tavern, 205.
+
+    Young, Abraham, 58.
+      Notley, 58.
+      William, 58.
+
+
+    Zeller, Mary, 217.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes.
+
+The copyright clearance of this work has been researched and no
+indications were found that the U.S. copyright was renewed.
+
+Punctuation has been normalised, and hyphenation of words outside quoted
+material has been made consistent, without comment here.
+
+Due to the large number of variant spellings in the material quoted in
+this work, the following possible typographic errors in quoted material
+have not been corrected:
+
+    Page ix: "trnsubstantiation."
+
+    Page 20: "American indenpendence."
+
+    Page 30: "June 31, 1800."
+
+    Page 38: "George Town, where he palns to."
+
+    Page 38: "Carpenter, can by the asistance."
+
+    Page 49: "number of dogs in Gerogetown."
+
+    Page 133: "a freqeunt visitor."
+
+    Page 158: "Rensselear."
+
+    Page 282: "admit mere curisoity."
+
+    Page 283: "blissful comsummation."
+
+    Page 292: "The mariage ceremony."
+
+On Page 7 "at the the feast of the Annunciacion" was corrected to "at
+the feast of the Annunciacion."
+
+The following typographic errors outside quoted materials have been
+corrected:
+
+    Page 32: "Paquet" to "Packet," and on Page 32 and Page 51:
+    "Potomack" to "Potowmack," to match other instances of the name of
+    the "_Times and Potowmack Packet_."
+
+    Page 67: "Garnirke" to "Garnkirke."
+
+    Page 74: "Samuel McKenny" to "Samuel McKenney."
+
+    Page 109: "vari-clored" to "vari-colored"
+
+    Page 127: "Mr. and Mrs. Willliam Laird" to "Mr. and Mrs. William
+    Laird."
+
+    Page 129: "many other in this part" to "many others in this part."
+
+    Page 157: "Artistocratic" to "Aristocratic," per Bibliography.
+
+    Page 172: "the Greenbiar" to "the Greenbriar."
+
+    Page 174: "ninety strokes as cariage" to "ninety strokes as
+    carriage."
+
+    Page 175: "Encyclopedia" to "Encyclopaedia," to match other references
+    to "_The Encyclopaedia Britannica_."
+
+    Page 280: "Lincoln's assasination" to "Lincoln's assassination."
+
+    Page 313: "Beavoir School" to "Beauvoir School"
+
+    Page 320: "Queston family" to "Oueston family."
+
+    Page 314: "Burres, David" to "Burnes, David" and "Calton, Joseph" to
+    "Carlton, Joseph."
+
+    Page 317: "Hallerith, Hermann" to "Hollerith, Hermann."
+
+    Page 318: Indentation of Index entry for "Keith, Rev. Ruel,"
+    corrected.
+
+    Page 319 "Marsell, Judge" to "Morsell, Judge" and "McCloy, Mrs.
+    Frank R." to "McCoy, Mrs. Frank R."
+
+    Page 321: "Phillyss, E." to "Phillips, E."
+
+    Page 322: "Soyrs, Rev. Mr." to "Sayrs, Rev. Mr."
+
+    Page 323: "Thomsen, Elizabeth" to "Thomson, Elizabeth."
+
+The Index has been re-ordered after correction so that entries are in
+alphabetical order.
+
+Further it is noted that:
+
+    On Page 288, in "to live one another" one or more words is missing.
+
+    There is variation in the spelling of "Tenally Town", which is also
+    given as "Tennally Town" on Page 31, where the name is related to
+    that of its founder John Tennally. Both spellings appear to have
+    been in common usage.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Portrait of Old George Town, by
+Grace Dunlop Ecker
+
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