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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 227, March 4, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 227, March 4, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: December 24, 2008 [EBook #27605]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, MARCH 4, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{189}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 227.]
+SATURDAY, MARCH 4. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                              Page
+  Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy," by Dr. E. F.
+  Rimbault                                               191
+  "[Greek: Aiôn]," its Derivation                        192
+  William Lyons, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross        192
+  Curious Marriage Agreement                             193
+  Ancient American Languages, by K. R. H. Mackenzie      194
+  Conduitt and Newton, by Bolton Corney                  195
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--The Music in Middleton's Tragi-Comedy
+  of the "Witch"--Mr. Macaulay and Sir Archibald Alison
+  in error--"Paid down upon the nail"--Corpulence a
+  Crime--Curious Tender--The Year 1854--A Significant
+  Hint                                                   196
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  Literary Queries, by the Rev. R. Bingham               197
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Hunter of Polmood in Tweed-dale--
+  Dinteville Family--Eastern Practice of Medicine--
+  Sunday--Three Picture Queries--"Cutting off with a
+  Shilling"--Inman or Ingman Family--Constable of
+  Masham--Fading Ink--Sir Ralph Killigrew                198
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Pepys--"Retainers to
+  Seven Shares and a Half"--Madden's "Reflections and
+  Resolutions proper for the Gentlemen of Ireland"--
+  King Edward I.'s Arm--Elstob, Elizabeth--Monumental
+  Brasses in London                                      199
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Rapping no Novelty: and Table-turning, by Wm. Winthrop,
+  &c.                                                    200
+  General Whitelocke, by J. S. Harry, &c.                201
+  "Man proposes, but God disposes," by J. W. Thomas, &c. 202
+  Napoleon's Spelling, by H. H. Breen                    203
+  Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin                   204
+  The Myrtle Bee, by Charles Brown                       205
+  Celtic Etymology                                       205
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Improvements in the
+  Albumenized Process--Mr. Crookes on restoring old
+  Collodion--Photographic Queries                        206
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--London Fortifications--
+  Burke's Domestic Correspondence--Battle of
+  Villers-en-Couché--"I could not love thee, dear, so
+  much"--Sir Charles Cotterell--Muffins and Crumpets--
+  "Clunk"--Picts' Houses--Tailless Cats--"Cock-and-bull
+  story"--Market Crosses--"Largesse"--Awkward, Awart,
+  Awalt--Morgan Odoherty--Black Rat--Blue Bells of
+  Scotland--Grammars, &c. for Public Schools--Warville   207
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                    210
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                           210
+  Notices to Correspondents                              211
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR MARCH.
+
+COWPER'S COMPLETE WORKS, edited by SOUTHEY: comprising his Poems,
+Correspondence, and Translations; with Memoir. Illustrated with Fifty fine
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+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
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+BOHN'S BRITISH CLASSICS FOR MARCH.
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+ADDISON'S WORKS, with the Notes of BISHOP HURD. In Four Volumes. With
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+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR MARCH.
+
+ATHENÆUS. The Deipnosophists, or the Banquet of the Learned, translated by
+C. D. YONGE, B.A., with an Appendix of Poetical Fragments rendered into
+English Verse by various Authors, and General Index. Complete in 3 vols.
+Vols. II. and III. Post 8vo. Cloth, 5s. each.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR MARCH.
+
+MUDIE'S BRITISH BIRDS, or History of the Feathered Tribes of the British
+Islands. Fifth edition, revised by W. C. L. MARTIN, ESQ. Complete in 2
+vols. post 8vo. Illustrated with 28 Plates, containing 52 Figures of Birds,
+and 7 additional Plates of Eggs. Cloth, 5s. per volume; or, WITH THE PLATES
+COLOURED, 7s. 6d. per vol.
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+BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR MARCH.
+
+INGULPH'S CHRONICLE OF THE ABBEY OF CROYLAND, with the Continuations by
+Peter of Blois and other Writers. Translated, with Notes and an Index, by
+H. T. RILEY, B.A. Complete in 1 vol. post 8vo. Cloth 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+CHALMERS'S BRITISH POETS. Royal 8vo., 21 vols., bds., uncut. 8l. 8s.
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+CHALMERS'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 8vo., 32 vols., bound in 16, half
+vell., 7l. 16s.
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+A CIRCULATING LIBRARY, including Works of MARRYATT, D'ISRAELI, BLESSINGTON,
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+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{190}
+
+The FIRST VOLUME is now Ready, with Portrait of Miss Burney, price 3s., of
+a CHEAP EDITION OF
+
+MADAME D'ARBLAY'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
+
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+
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+    best manner. It ought to be consulted by every person who wishes to be
+    well acquainted with the history of our literature and our
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+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
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+
+NOTICE.
+
+PEPYS' DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+THE NEW AND IMPROVED LIBRARY EDITION of this Popular Work, in 4 vols. demy
+8vo., price 10s. 6d. per vol., illustrated with Portraits and other Plates,
+and with numerous additional Letters, Notes, &c. &c. Edited by LORD
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+NOTICE.
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+
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+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR MARCH contains the following articles:--
+
+  Lord John Russell's Life of Fox.
+  Grotius on War and Peace.
+  Rhine-Land and its Romance.
+  Paula and Eustochium.
+  The Oxford Septuagint.
+  Monuments of the English Republican Refugees at Vevays.
+  Cervantes and his Writings.
+  The New Patron Saint of Amiens.
+  Ruined Cities in America.
+
+With Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban, Notes of the Month, Historical and
+Miscellaneous Reviews, Reports of Archæological Societies, Historical
+Chronicle, and OBITUARY; including Memoirs of Viscount Beresford, Hon. Dr.
+Clive, Gen. Sir Thomas Bradford, Rev. Dr. F. A. Cox, Rev. William Jay,
+B. L. Vulliamy, Esq., &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now publishing, in SIX VOLUMES, OCTAVO (containing 7,215 Pages), price 2l.
+15s. cloth.
+
+MATTHEW HENRY'S COMMENTARY ON THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS. To which is
+prefixed a Life of the Author, with Introductory Remarks, &c. Also, Four of
+his Sermons, viz.
+
+I. A Sermon on Family Religion.--II. How to begin every Day with God.--III.
+How to spend every Day with God.--IV. How to close every Day with God.
+
+An invaluable Present from a Parent to his Family on their Settling in
+Life.
+
+London: P. P. THOMS, Warwick Square. Sold by all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH POETS.
+
+BY ROBERT BELL.
+
+In Monthly Volumes, 2s. 6d. each in cloth.
+
+This Day, the Second Volume, 2s. 6d., of the POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN,
+with historical and Illustrative Notes. By ROBERT BELL.
+
+Already published, 2s. 6d. each,
+
+POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN, Vol. I., with Memoir, containing New Facts
+and Original Letters of the Poet.
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+POETICAL WORKS OF THE EARL OF SURREY, OF MINOR CONTEMPORANEOUS POETS, and
+of SACKVILLE, LORD BUCKHURST. With Notes and Memoirs.
+
+On the 1st of April,
+
+POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM COWPER, Vol. I.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day, 8vo., 15s.
+
+THE MEDITERRANEAN: A Memoir. Physical, Historical, and Nautical. By
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+FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR MARCH, price 2s. 6d., or by post 3s., contains:
+
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+  Villemain's Memoirs.
+  A Day's Curling.
+  Gallinaceana. -- Peacocks and Guinea Fowls.
+  A Pageant which meant something.
+  General Bounce: or, The Lady and the Locusts.
+    By the Author of "Digby Grand."
+    Chaps. V. and VI.
+  The British Jews:--A Letter to the Editor.
+  Sinope after the Battle.
+  The Decline and Fall of the Corporation of
+    London.--III. The Corporation as Suitors,
+    Justices, and Judges.
+  Beaumarchais.
+  Researches in Dutch Literature.--No. II.
+  Oxford Reform and Oxford Professors.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+{191}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1854._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notes.
+
+BURTON'S "ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY."
+
+In this age of "new editions," it is a wonder that no one has favoured the
+public with a reprint, with notes _variorum_, of this celebrated English
+classic.
+
+Dr. Dibdin, in a note to his edition of More's _Utopia_, vol. ii. p. 97.,
+says:
+
+    "Whoever will be at the trouble of consulting Part II, sect. IV. memb..
+    i. subsect. 4. of the last folio edition of Burton [1676], will see how
+    it varies from the first folio of 1624; and will, in consequence,
+    regret the omission of the notice of these variations in the octavo
+    editions of Burton recently published."
+
+The octavo editions here referred to are those of 1800 and 1806; the
+latter, I believe, edited by Edward Du Bois. The folio of 1676 is, in all
+probability, an exact reprint of that of 1651, which certainly differs
+considerably from those of an earlier date. Henry Cripps, the publisher of
+the edition of 1651, has the following notice:
+
+    "_To the Reader._
+
+    Be pleased to know (courteous Reader) that since the last impression of
+    this Book, the ingenuous author of it is deceased, leaving a copy of it
+    exactly corrected, with several considerable additions by his own hand.
+    This copy he committed to my care and custody, with directions to have
+    those additions inserted in the next edition; which, in order to his
+    command and the publicke good, is faithfully performed in this last
+    impression.
+
+    H. C."
+
+Modern writers have been deeply indebted to old Robert Burton; but he, in
+his turn, was equally indebted to earlier writers. Dr. Dibdin remarks:
+
+    "I suspect that Burton, the author of the _Anatomy of Melancholy_, was
+    intimately acquainted with Boiastuan's book as translated by Alday; for
+    there are passages in Burton's 'Love Melancholy' (the most
+    extraordinary and amusing part of his work), which bear a very strong
+    resemblance to many in the 'Gests and Countenances ridiculous of
+    Lovers,' at p. 195 of Boiastuan's _Theatre, or Rule of the World_."
+
+The title of the curious book mentioned in this extract is--
+
+    "Theatrum Mundi. Theatre, or Rule of the World: Wherein may bee seene
+    the running Race and Course of everie Mannes Lyfe, as touching Miserie
+    and Felicitie: whereunto is added a learned Worke of the excellencie of
+    Man. Written in French by Peter Boiastuan. Translated by John Alday.
+    Printed by Thomas East, for John Wright, 8vo. 1582."
+
+But Burton was more indebted to another work, very similar in title and
+matter to his own; I mean Dr. Bright's curious little volume, of which I
+transcribe the title-page in full:
+
+    "A Treatise of Melancholy: contayning the Causes thereof, and reasons
+    of the strange Effects it worketh in our Minds and Bodies; with the
+    Phisicke Cure, and Spirituall Consolation for such as have thereto
+    adjoyned afflicted Conscience. The difference betwixt it and
+    Melancholy, with diverse philosophical Discourses touching Actions, and
+    Affections of Soule, Spirit, and Body: the Particulars whereof are to
+    be seene before the Booke. By T. Bright, Doctor of Phisicke. Imprinted
+    at London by John Windet, sm. 8vo. 1586."
+
+It has been remarked that Burton does not acknowledge his obligations to
+Bright. This, however, is not strictly true, as the former acknowledges
+_several quotations_ in the course of his work. It would certainly be
+desirable, in the event of a new edition of the _Anatomy_, that a
+comparison of the two books should be made. As a beginning towards this
+end, I subjoin a table of the contents of Bright's _Treatise_, with a
+notice of some similar passages in Burton's _Anatomy_, arranged in parallel
+columns.
+
+I may just add, that Bright's _Treatise_ consists of 276 pages, exclusive
+of a dedication "To the Right Worshipful M. Peter Osborne," &c. (dated from
+"Little S. Bartlemews by Smithfield, the 13 of May, 1586"); and an address
+"To his Melancholick Friend M."
+
+All that is known of his biography has been collected by the Rev. Joseph
+Hunter, and communicated to the last edition of Wood's _Athenæ Oxonienses_,
+vol. ii. p. 174. _note_.
+
+BRIGHT'S "TREATISE OF MELANCHOLY,"    | BURTON'S "ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY,"
+1586.                                 | edit. 1651.
+                                      |
+_The Contentes of the Booke according | _Parallel Sections._
+to the Chapters._                     |
+                                      |
+1. How diversely the word Melancholy  | Definition of Melancholy: name,
+is taken.                             | difference.
+                                      |
+2. The causes of natural melancholy,  | The causes of melancholy.
+and of the excesse thereof.           |
+                                      |
+3. Whether good nourishment           | Customs of dyet, delight, appetite,
+breede melancholy, by fault of the    | accessity: how they cause
+body turning it into melancholy:      | or hinder.
+and whether such humour is found      |
+in nourishments, or rather is made    |
+of them.                              |
+                                      |
+4. The aunswere to objections         | Dyet rectified in substance.
+made against the breeding of          |
+melancholicke humour out of           |
+nourishment.                          |
+                                      |
+5. A more particular and farther      |
+answere to the former objections.     |
+                                      |
+6. The causes of the increase and     | Immediate cause of these precedent
+excesse of melancholicke humour.      | symptomes.
+                                      |
+7. Of the melancholicke excrement.    | Of the matter of melancholy.
+                                      |
+8. What burnt choller is, and         |
+the causes thereof.                   |
+                                      |
+9. How melancholie worketh            | Symptomes or signes in the
+fearful passions in the mind.         | mind.
+                                      |
+10. How the body affecteth the        | Of the soul and her faculties.
+soule.                                |
+                                      |
+11. Objections againste the manner    |
+how the body affecteth the            |
+soule, with answere thereunto.        |
+                                      |
+12. A farther answere to the          |
+former objections, and of the simple  |
+facultie of the soule, and onely      |
+organicall of spirit and body.        |
+                                      |
+13. How the soule, by one simple      |
+facultie, performeth so many and      |
+diverse actions.                      |
+                                      |
+{192}
+14. The particular answeres to        |
+the objections made in the 11th       |
+chapter.                              |
+                                      |
+15. Whether perturbations rise        | Division of perturbations.
+of humour or not, with a division     |
+of the perturbations.                 |
+                                      |
+16. Whether perturbations which       |
+are not moved by outward occasions    |
+rise of humour or not: and            |
+how?                                  |
+                                      |
+17. How melancholie procureth         | Sorrow, fear, envy, hatred, malice,
+feare, sadnes, despaire, and such     | anger, &c. causes.
+passions.                             |
+                                      |
+18. Of the unnaturall melancholie     | Symptomes of head-melancholy.
+rising by adjustion: how              |
+it affecteth us with diverse passions.|
+                                      |
+19. How sickness and yeares           | Continent, inward, antecedent,
+seeme to alter the mind, and the      | next causes, and how the body
+cause: and how the soule hath         | works on the mind.
+practise of senses separated from     |
+the body.                             |
+                                      |
+20. The accidentes which befall       | An heap of other accidents causing
+melancholie persons.                  | melancholy.
+                                      |
+21. How melancholie altereth          | Distemperature of particular
+the qualities of the body.            | parts.
+                                      |
+22. How melancholie altereth          |
+those actions which rise out of the   |
+braine.                               |
+                                      |
+23. How affections be altered.        |
+                                      |
+24. The causes of teares, and         |
+their saltnes.                        |
+                                      |
+25. Why teares endure not all         |
+the time of the cause: and why in     |
+weeping commonly the finger is        |
+put in the eie.                       |
+                                      |
+26. Of the partes of weeping:         |
+why the countenance is cast down,     |
+the forehead lowreth, the nose        |
+droppeth, the lippe trembleth, &c.    |
+                                      |
+27. The causes of sobbing and         |
+sighing: and how weeping easeth       |
+the heart.                            |
+                                      |
+28. How melancholie easeth            |
+both weeping and laughing, with       |
+the reasons why.                      |
+                                      |
+29. The causes of blushing and        | Causes of these symptomes [_i.e._
+bashfulness, and why melancholie      | bashfulness and blushing].
+persons are given therunto.           |
+                                      |
+30. Of the naturall actions altered   |
+by melancholie.                       |
+                                      |
+31. How melancholie altereth          | Symptomes of melancholy
+the naturall workes of the body:      | abounding in the whole body.
+juice and excrement.                  |
+                                      |
+32. Of the affliction of conscience   | Guilty conscience for offence
+for sinne.                            | committed.
+                                      |
+33. Whether the afflicted conscience  |
+be of melancholie.                    |
+                                      |
+34. The particular difference betwixt | How melancholy and despair
+melancholie and the afflicted         | differ.
+conscience in the same                |
+person.                               |
+                                      |
+35. The affliction of mind: to        | Passions and perturbations of
+what persons it befalleth, and by     | the mind; how they cause
+what means.                           | melancholy.
+                                      |
+36. A consolation to the afflicted    |
+conscience.                           |
+                                      |
+37. The cure of melancholie;          | Cure of melancholy over all the
+and how melancholicke persons         | body.
+are to order themselves in actions    |
+of minde, sense, and motion.          |
+                                      |
+38. How melancholicke persons         | Perturbations of the mind
+are to order themselves in their      | rectified.
+affections.                           |
+                                      |
+39. How melancholicke persons         | Dyet rectified; ayre rectified, &c.
+are to order themselves in the rest   |
+of their diet, and what choice they   |
+are to make of ayre, meate, and       |
+drinke, house, and apparell.          |
+                                      |
+40. The cure by medicine meete        | Of physick which cureth with
+for melancholicke persons.            | medicines.
+                                      |
+41. The manner of strengthening       | Correctors of accidents to procure
+melancholicke persons after           | sleep.
+purging: with correction of some      |
+of their accidents.                   |
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"[Greek: Aiôn]," ITS DERIVATION.
+
+As the old postulate respecting the etymology of this important word, from
+[Greek: aeiôn], however superficial, is too attractive to be surrendered,
+even in the present day, by some respectable authorities, the judgment of
+your classical correspondents is requested, as to the accuracy of the more
+philosophical origin of the term which has been adopted by commentators of
+unquestionable erudition and undisputed eminence.
+
+The rule by which those distinguished scholars, Lennep and Scheidius,
+determine the etymology of [Greek: Aiôn], is as follows:
+
+    "Nomina in [Greek: ôn] desinentia, formata ab aliis nominibus,
+    _collectiva_ sunt, sive _copiam_ earum rerum, quæ _primitivo_
+    designantur notant--ut sunt [Greek: dendrôn], a [Greek: dendron],
+    arboretum; [Greek: Elaiôn], olivetum, ab [Greek: Elaion]; [Greek:
+    Rhodôn], rosetum, a [Greek: rhodon] (also the nouns [Greek: ankôn,
+    agôn, akremôn, bonbôn, paiôn, ploutôn, pôgôn, chitôn]).--Nempe formata
+    videntur hæc nomina in [Greek: ôn], a genitivis pluralibus
+    substantivorum. Genitivus singularis horum nominum, in [Greek: ônos],
+    contractione sua, hanc originem satis videtur demonstrare."
+
+In immediate reference to the word [Greek: Aiôn], they say:
+
+    "[Greek: Aiôn], Ævum, Æternitas. Nomen ex eo genere, quod natura sua
+    _collectionem_ et _multitudinem_ rerum notat; ut patet ex terminatione
+    [Greek: ôn]. Quemadmodum in voce [Greek: aei], vidimus eam esse
+    translatam eximie ad significationem _temporis_, ab illa flandi,
+    spirandive, quæ est in origine [Greek: aô]; sic in nostro [Greek: Aiôn]
+    eadem translationis ratio locum habet; ut adeo quasi _temporum
+    collectionem_, vel _multitudinem_ significet. A qua denuo
+    significatione propriâ profectæ sunt eæ, quibus vel _ævum_, vel
+    _æternitatem_, vel _hominis ætatem_ descripsere veteres. Formata (vox)
+    est a nomine inusitato [Greek: Aios], vel [Greek: Aïos], quod ab
+    [Greek: aïs], cujus naturam, in voce [Greek: aei], expossi. Cæterum, a
+    Græco nostro [Greek: Aiôn], interposito digammate Æolico, ortum, est
+    [Greek: Aiwôn], et hinc Lat. ævum."
+
+As then it is impossible to place [Greek: Aiôn], whose genitive is [Greek:
+Aiônos], in the same category with the derivatives from [Greek: ôn], the
+participle present of [Greek: Eimi], whose genitive is [Greek: ontos]; and
+as, secondly, this derivation places the word out of the range of the
+collective nouns so declined, which are derived from other nouns, as this
+appears to be, can the real etymology of the word [Greek: Aiôn], and its
+derivatives, remain any longer a matter of question and debate?
+
+C. H. P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM LYON, BISHOP OF CORK, CLOYNE, AND ROSS.
+
+It is very generally believed that Dr. William Lyon (not Lyons, as he is
+sometimes called) was originally in the navy; that having distinguished
+himself in several actions against the Spaniards, he was promised by Queen
+Elizabeth the first crown appointment that should be vacant; and that this
+happening to be the see of Cork, he was appointed to it. This is mentioned
+in other works as well as in Mr. Crofton Croker's very agreeable
+_Researches in the South of Ireland_, p. 248.; and I have more than once
+heard it given as a remarkable instance of church preferment. {193}
+
+Sir James Ware informs us that Bishop Lyon was Vicar of Naas in 1573, Vicar
+of Brandanston in 1580, and chaplain to Lord Grey, who was sent to Ireland
+as Lord Deputy in September, 1580. This is inconsistent with the statement,
+that Queen Elizabeth took him from the quarter-deck to make him a bishop,
+inasmuch as he was in holy orders, and in possession of preferment in
+Ireland, nearly ten years before he was raised to the highest order in the
+ministry. If, therefore, he was ever distinguished for gallantry in naval
+warfare, it must have been before 1573; for we have no reason to suppose
+that the Rev. George Walker, the hero of Londonderry, had him as an
+example. But, as no action with the Spaniards could have taken place prior
+to 1577, how is this to be reconciled with the common account, that his
+gallantry against them attracted the notice of the queen? In a
+miscellaneous compilation, entitled _Jefferson's Selections_ (published in
+York in 1795, and indebted for its information about Lyon to an old
+newspaper, which gave oral tradition as its sole authority), we are told
+that his picture, in the captain's uniform, the left hand wanting a finger,
+is still to be seen in the bishop's palace at Cork. The picture is there,
+and represents him certainly as wanting a finger; he is dressed, however,
+not in a captain's uniform, but in a very scholar-like black gown.
+
+I know not how Mr. Croker could have given the year 1606 as the date of his
+appointment to the see of Cloyne, for we learn from Ware, who is no mean
+authority, that he was first appointed to the see of Ross in 1582; that the
+sees of Cork and Cloyne were given to him _in commendam_ in 1583 (as is
+recorded in the Consistorial Court of Cork), and that the three sees were
+formally united in his person in 1586.
+
+In 1595 he was appointed one of the commissioners to consider the best
+means of peopling Munster with English settlers, and of establishing a
+voluntary composition throughout that province in lieu of cess and taxes;
+this does not look as if he had been an illiterate captain of a ship, or
+one of those "rude-bred soldiers, whose education was at the musket-mouth."
+In fact, Ware does not seem to have considered him remarkable for anything
+except such qualities as well became his order. And we have the high
+testimony of Archbishop Bramhall (quoted by Ware), that "Cork and Ross
+fared the best of any bishoprick in that province, a very good man, Bishop
+Lyon, having been placed there early in the Reformation."
+
+ABHBA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CURIOUS MARRIAGE AGREEMENT.
+
+The original of the following paper is in existence in this city:
+
+      "To MRS. DEBORAH LEAMING.
+
+    "Madam.--Seeing I, Jacob Sprier, have addressed myself to you upon the
+    design of marriage, I therefore esteem it necessary to submit to your
+    consideration some particulars, before we enter upon that solemn
+    enterprise which may either establish our happiness or occasion our
+    inquietude during life, and if you concur with those particulars, I
+    shall have great encouragement to carry my design into execution; and
+    since happiness is the grand pursuit of a rational creature, so
+    marriage ought not to be attempted short of a prospect of arriving
+    thereat; and in order thereto (should we marry) I conceive the
+    following rules and particulars ought to be steadily observed and kept,
+    viz.:
+
+    "1st. That we keep but one purse: a severance of interest bespeaking
+    diffidence, mistrust, and disunity of mind.
+
+    "2nd. That we avoid anger as much as possible, especially with each
+    other; but if either should be overtaken therewith, the other to treat
+    the angry party with temper and moderation during the continuance of
+    such anger; and afterwards, if need require, let the matter of heat be
+    coolly discussed when reason shall resume its government.
+
+    "3rd. As we have different stocks of children to which we are and ought
+    to be strongly attached by ties of nature, so it's proper when such
+    children or any of them need correction, it be administered by the
+    party from whom they have descended; unless, in the opinion of both
+    parties, it shall be thought necessary to be otherwise administered for
+    the children's good.
+
+    "4th. That no difference or partiality be made with respect to such
+    children who live with us in point of common usage touching education,
+    food, raiment, and treatment, otherwise than as age, circumstance, and
+    convenience may render it necessary, to be agreed upon between us, and
+    grounded upon reason.
+
+    "5th. That civility, courtesy, and kind treatment be always exercised
+    and extended towards such child or children that now is or hereafter
+    may be removed from us.
+
+    "6th. That we use our mutual endeavours to instruct, counsel, improve,
+    admonish, and advise all our children, without partiality, for their
+    general good; and that we ardently endeavour to promote both their
+    temporal and eternal welfare.
+
+    "7th. That each of us use our best endeavours to inculcate upon the
+    minds of our respective stocks of children a venerable and honourable
+    opinion of the other of us; and avoid as much as possible any
+    insinuation that may have a different tendency.
+
+    "8th. That in matters where either of us is more capable of judging
+    than the other of us, and best acquainted therein, that the person so
+    most capable of judging, and best acquainted, do follow his or her own
+    judgment without control, unless the other shall be able to give a
+    sufficient reason to the contrary; then, and in such case, the same to
+    be conclusive; and that we do adhere to each other in things reasonable
+    and expedient {194} with a mutual condescension, and also advise with
+    and consult each other in matters of importance.
+
+    "9th. That if any misunderstanding should arise, the same be calmly
+    canvassed and accommodated between ourselves, without admitting the
+    interposition of any other, or seeking a confident to either to reveal
+    our mind unto, or sympathise withal upon the occasion.
+
+    "10th. That no suspicious jealousies of any kind whatever be harboured
+    in our breasts, without absolute or good circumstantial evidence; and
+    if conceived upon proof or strong presumption, the same to be
+    communicated to the suspected person, in temper and moderation, and not
+    told to another.
+
+    "11th. That we be just, chaste, and continent to each other; and should
+    either prove otherwise, that then we separate, notwithstanding the most
+    solemn ties to the contrary, unless it shall suit the injured party to
+    forgive the injury and continue the coverture; and in case of
+    separation, each of us to keep such share of wealth as we were
+    possessed of when are came together, if it remains in the same state,
+    as to quantum; but if over or under, then in proportion to what we
+    originally had.
+
+    "12th. That we neither give into, nor countenance any ill advisers who
+    may have a design to mar our happiness, and sow discord between us.
+
+    "13th. That in matters of religious concernment, we be at liberty to
+    exercise our sentiments freely without control.
+
+    "14th. That we use our mutual endeavours to increase our affection,
+    cultivate our harmony, promote our happiness, and live in the fear of
+    God, and in obedience to His righteous laws.
+
+    "15th. That we use the relatives of each other with friendly kindness;
+    and that the same be extended to our friends and benefactors, mutually,
+    without grudging.
+
+    "16th. That the survivor of us endeavour, after the death of either of
+    us, to maintain the reputation and dignity of the deceased, by avoiding
+    levity of behaviour, dissoluteness of life and disgraceful marriage;
+    not only so, but that such survivor persevere in good offices to the
+    children of the deceased, as a discreet, faithful, and honourable
+    survivor ought to do.
+
+    "17th. That in case Jacob Sprier, after trial, shall not think it for
+    his interest, or agreeable to his disposition, to live at the
+    plantation where Deborah Leaming now resides, then, and in such case,
+    she to remove with him elsewhere upon a prospect promising to better
+    his circumstances or promote his happiness, provided the landed
+    interest of the said Deborah's late husband be taken proper care of for
+    the benefit of her son Christopher.
+
+    "18th. That the said Jacob Sprier be allowed from time to time to
+    purchase such books from our joint stock as he shall think necessary
+    for the advantage and improvement of himself and our children jointly,
+    or either of them, without grudging.
+
+    "19th. That the said Jacob Sprier do continue to keep Elisha Hughes,
+    and perform his express agreement to him according to indenture already
+    executed, and discharge the trust reposed in him the said Sprier by the
+    another of the said Elisha, without grudging or complaint.
+
+    "20th. And as the said Deborah Leaming, and the said Jacob Sprier, are
+    now something advanced in years and ought to take the comfort of life
+    as free from hard toil as convenience will admit, therefore neither of
+    them be subject thereunto unless in case of emergence, and this
+    exemption to be no ways censured by each other, provided they
+    supervise, contrive, and do the light necessary services incumbent on
+    the respected heads of a family, not omitting to cultivate their minds
+    when convenience will admit.
+
+    "21st. That if anything be omitted in the foregoing rules and
+    particulars, that may conduce to our future happiness and welfare, the
+    same to be hereafter supplied by reason and discretion, as often as
+    occasion shall require.
+
+    "22nd. That the said Jacob Sprier shall not upbraid the said Deborah
+    Leaming with the extraordinary industry and good economy of his
+    deceased wife, neither shall the said Deborah Leaming upbraid the said
+    Jacob Sprier with the like extraordinary industry and good economy of
+    her deceased husband, neither shall anything of this nature be observed
+    by either to the other of us, with any view to offend or irritate the
+    party to whom observed; a thing too frequently practised in a second
+    marriage, and very fatal to the repose of parties married.
+
+    "I, Deborah Leaming, in case I marry with Jacob Sprier, do hereby
+    promise to observe and perform the before-going rules and particulars,
+    containing twenty-two in number to the best of my power. As witness my
+    hand, the 16th day of Decem'r, 1751:
+
+      (Signed) "DEBORAH LEAMING.
+
+    "I, Jacob Sprier, in case I marry with Deborah Leaming, do hereby
+    promise to observe and perform the before-going rules and particulars,
+    containing twenty two in number, to the best of my power. As witness my
+    hand, the 16th day of December, 1751:
+
+      (Signed) "JACOB SPRIER."
+
+OLDBUCK.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANCIENT AMERICAN LANGUAGES.
+
+(_Continued from_ Vol. vi., pp. 60, 61.)
+
+Since communicating to you a short list of a few books I had noted as
+having reference to this obscure subject, I have stumbled over a few others
+which bear special reference to the Quichua: and of which I beg to send you
+a short account, which may be worthy a place in your valuable pages.
+
+The first work upon the Quichua language, of which I find mention, is a
+grammar of the Peruvian Indians (_Gramatica ó arte general de la lengua de
+los Indios del Perù_), by the brother Domingo de San Thomas, published in
+Valladolid in 1560, and republished in the same year with an appendix,
+being a Vocabulary of the Quichua. The demand for the first edition appears
+to have been considerable; or, what is more likely, from the extreme rarity
+of the work, the careful author {195} suppressed or called in the first
+edition, in order to add, for the benefit of his purchasers, the vocabulary
+which he had found time to prepare within the year.
+
+The work of San Thomas seems to have glutted the market for some twenty
+years; for we do not find that any one made a collection of words or
+grammatical forms until the year 1586, when Antonio Ricardo published a
+kind of introduction to the Quichua, having sole reference to that
+language, without anything more than an explanation in Spanish.[1] This
+work, like that of his predecessor, was immediately remodelled and
+re-published in a very much extended form in the same year. Ricardo's books
+are amongst the first printed in that part of America.
+
+Diego de Torres Rubio is the next writer of whom I am cognizant. He
+published at Seville, in 1603, a grammar and vocabulary of the Quichua; the
+subject still continuing to attract attention. Still, as was to be
+expected, the Quichua language was of more consequence to the Spaniards of
+Peru. No doubt, therefore, that Father Juan Martinez found a ready sale for
+his vocabulary, published at Los Reyes in 1604. Indeed, the subject is now
+attracting the attention of the eminent Diego Gonzalez Holguin, who
+published first a new grammar (_Gramatica nuevu_) of the Quichua and Inca
+dialect, in four books, at the press of Francisco del Canto, in Los Reyes,
+1607; and second, a vocabulary of the language of the whole of Peru (_de
+todo el Perù_), in the same year and at the same press.
+
+It is worthy to remark, as confuting somewhat fully the assertion of
+Prescott (_Conquest of Peru_, v. ii. p. 188.), that the Spanish name of
+Ciudad de los Reyes ceased to be used in speaking of Lima "within the first
+generation," that the books of Ricardo, Holguin, and Huerta (of whom
+presently) are all stated to have been printed in the Ciudad de los Reyes,
+though the latest of these appeared in 1616. In 1614, however, to confine
+myself strictly to the bibliographical inquiry suggested by the heading of
+my article, a method and vocabulary of the Quichua did appear from Canto's
+press, dated Lima,--a corruption, as is well known, of the word _Rimac_.
+
+That, however, the Castilian name should be employed later, is curious. At
+any rate, it occurs for the last time on the title of a work printed by the
+same printer, Canto, in 1616; and written by Don Alonso de Huerta, the old
+title being adhered to, probably from some cause unknown to us, but
+possibly in consequence of old aristocratic opinions and prejudices in
+favour of the Spanish name. That the name of Lima had obtained considerably
+even in the time of the Conquerors, Mr. Prescott has sufficiently proved;
+but as an official and recognised name it evidently existed to a later
+period than the historian has mentioned.
+
+The work of Torres Rubio, already mentioned, was reprinted in Lima by
+Francisco Lasso in 1619. From this time forward, the subject of the native
+language of Peru seems to have occupied the attention of many writers. A
+quarto grammar was published by Diego de Olmos in 1633 of the Indian
+language, as the Quichuan now came to be called.
+
+Eleven years later, we find Fernando de Carrera, curate and vicar of San
+Martin de Reque, publishing an elaborate word bearing the following title:
+
+    "Arte de la lengua yunga de los valles del obispado de Truxillo; con un
+    confesonario y todas las oraciones cotidianas y otras cosas: Lima, por
+    Juan de Contreras, 1644, 16mo."
+
+Grammars and methods here follow thick and fast. A few years after
+Carrera's book, in 1648, comes Don Juan Roxo Mexia y Ocon, _natural de
+Cuzco_, as he proudly styles himself with a method of the Indian language:
+and after a few insignificant works, again another in 1691, by Estevan
+Sancho de Melgar.
+
+The most common works on the Quichua are the third and fourth editions of
+Torres Rubio, published at Lima in the years 1700 and 1754. Of these two
+works done with that care and evident pleasure which Jesuits always, and
+perhaps only, bestow upon these difficult by-roads of philology, I need say
+no more, as they are very well known.
+
+Before I close this communication, allow me to suggest to the readers and
+contributors to the truly valuable "N. & Q.," that no tittle of knowledge
+concerning these early philological researches ought to be allowed to
+remain unrecorded; and with the position which the "N. & Q." occupies, and
+the facilities that journal offers for the preservation of these stray
+scraps of knowledge, surely it would not be amiss to send them to the
+Editor, and let him decide as he is very capable of doing, as to their
+value.
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+February 20. 1854.
+
+[Footnote 1: Arte y Vocabulario de la lengua, Uamada quichua. En la Ciudad
+de los Reyes, 1586, 8vo.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CONDUITT AND NEWTON
+
+In the prospectus of a new _Life_ of sir Isaac Newton, by sir David
+Brewster, it is stated that in examining the papers at Hurstbourne Park,
+the seat of the earl of Portsmouth, the discovery had been maple of
+"copious materials which Mr. Conduit had collected for a life of Newton,
+_which had never been supposed to exist_."
+
+About the year 1836 I consulted the principal biographers of
+Newton--Conduitt, Fontenelle, Birch, Philip Nichols, Thomas Thomson, Biot,
+{196} Brewster--and I have ever since believed that such materials _did
+exist_.
+
+We are assured by Mr. Edmund Turnor, in the preface to his _History of
+Grantham_, printed in 1806, which work is quoted in the prospectus, that
+the manuscripts at Hurstbourne Park then chiefly consisted of some
+pocket-books and memorandums of sir Isaac Newton, and "the information
+obtained by Mr. Conduitt for the purpose of writing his life." Moreover,
+the collections of Mr. Conduitt are repeatedly quoted in that work as
+distinct from the memoirs which were sent to M. de Fontenelle.
+
+I shall give another anecdote in refutation of the statement made in the
+prospectus, albeit a superfluity. In 1730 the author of _The Seasons_
+republished his _Poem to the memory of sir Isaac Newton_, with the addition
+of the lines which follow, and which prove that he was aware of the task on
+which Mr. Conduitt was then occupied. The lines, it should be observed,
+have been omitted in all the editions printed since 1738.
+
+  "This, CONDUITT, from thy rural hours we hope;
+  As through the pleasing shade, where nature pours
+  Her every sweet, in studious ease you walk;
+  The social passions smiling at thy heart,
+  That glows with all the recollected sage."
+
+The _pleasing shade_ indicates the grounds of Cranbury-lodge, in Hampshire,
+the seat of Mr. Conduitt--whose guest the poet seems previously to have
+been.
+
+Some inedited particulars of the life of Mr. Conduitt, drawn from various
+sources, I reserve for another occasion.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_The Music in Middleton's Tragi-Comedy of the "Witch."_--Joseph Ritson, in
+a letter addressed to J. C. Walker (July, 1797), printed in Pickering's
+edition of Ritson's _Letters_ (vol. ii. p. 156.) has the following
+passage:--
+
+    "It may be to your purpose, at the same time, to know that the songs in
+    Middleton's _Witch_, which appear also to have been introduced in
+    _Macbeth_, beginning, 'Hecate, Hecate, come away,' and 'Black spirits
+    and white,' have (as I am informed) been lately discovered in MS. with
+    the complete harmony, as performed at the original representation of
+    these plays. You will find the words in a note to the late editions of
+    Shakspeare; and I shall, probably, one of these days, obtain a sight of
+    the musick."
+
+The MS. here mentioned was in the collection of the late Mr. J. Stafford
+Smith, one of the Organists of the Chapel Royal. At the sale of this
+gentleman's valuable library it passed, with many other treasures of a
+similar nature, into my possession, where it now remains.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Mr. Macaulay and Sir Archibald Alison in error._--How was it that Mr.
+Macaulay, in two editions of his _History_, placed the execution of Lord
+Russell on Tower Hill? Did it not take place in Lincoln's Inn Fields? And
+why does Sir A. Alison, in the volume of his _History_ just published,
+speak of the children of Catherine of Arragon? and likewise inform us that
+Locke was expelled from Cambridge? Was he not expelled from the University
+of Oxford?
+
+ABHBA.
+
+"_Paid down upon the nail._"--The origin of this phrase is thus stated in
+the _Recollections of O'Keefe_ the dramatist:
+
+    "An ample piazza under the Exchange [in Limerick] was a thoroughfare:
+    in the centre stood a pillar about four feet high, and upon it a
+    circular plate of copper about three feet in diameter: this was called
+    _the nail_, and on it was paid the earnest for any commercial bargains
+    made; which was the origin of saying, 'Paid down upon the nail.'"
+
+But perhaps the custom, of which Mr. O'Keefe speaks, was common to other
+ancient towns?
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Corpulence a Crime._--Mr. Bruce has written, in his _Classic and Historic
+Portraits_, that the ancient Spartan paid as much attention to the rearing
+of men as the cattle dealers in modern England do to the breeding of
+cattle. They took charge of firmness and looseness of men's flesh; and
+regulated the degree of fatness to which it was lawful, in a free state,
+for any citizen to extend his body. Those who dared to grow too fat, or too
+soft for military exercise and the service of Sparta, were soundly whipped.
+In one particular instance, that of Nauclis, the son of Polytus, the
+offender was brought before the Ephori, and a meeting of the whole people
+of Sparta, at which his unlawful fatness was publicly exposed; and he was
+threatened with perpetual banishment if he did not bring his body within
+the regular Spartan compass, and give up his culpable mode of living; which
+was declared to be more worthy of an Ionian than a son of Lacedæmon.
+
+W. W.
+
+_Curious Tender._--
+
+    "If any young clergyman, somewhat agreeable in person, and who has a
+    small fortune independent, can be well recommended as to strictness of
+    morals and good temper, firmly attached to the present happy
+    establishment, and is willing to engage in the matrimonial estate with
+    an agreeable young lady in whose power it is immediately to bestow a
+    living of nearly 100l. per annum, in a very pleasant situation, with a
+    good prospect of preferment,--any person whom this may suit may leave a
+    line at the bar of the Union Coffee House in the Strand, directed to
+    Z. Z., within three days of this advertisement. The utmost secrecy and
+    honour may be depended upon."--_London Chronicle_, March, 1758.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+{197}
+
+_The Year 1854._--This year commenced and will terminate on a Sunday. In
+looking through the Almanac, it will be seen that there are _five Sundays
+in five months_ of the year, viz. in January, April, July, October, and
+December; five _Mondays_ in January, May, July, and October; five
+_Tuesdays_ in January, May, August, and October; five _Wednesdays_ in
+March, May, August, and November; five _Thursdays_, in March, June, August,
+and November; five _Fridays_ in March, June, September, and December; five
+_Saturdays_ in April, July, September, and December; and, lastly,
+fifty-three _Sundays_ in the year.
+
+The age of her Majesty the Queen is thirty-five, or seven times five; and
+the age of Prince Albert the same.
+
+Last Christmas having fallen on the Sunday, I am reminded of the following
+lines:
+
+  "Lordings all of you I warn,
+  If the day that Christ was born
+  Fall upon a Sunday,
+  The winter shall be good I say,
+  But great winds aloft shall be;
+  The summer shall be fine and dry.
+  _By kind skill, and without loss,_
+  _Through all lands there shall be peace._
+  Good time for all things to be done;
+  But he that stealeth shall be found soon.
+  What child that day born may be,
+  A great lord he shall live to be."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_A Significant Hint._--The following lines were communicated to me by a
+friend some years ago, as having been written by a blacksmith of the
+village of Tideswell in Derbyshire; who, having often been reproved by the
+parson, or ridiculed by his neighbours, for drunkenness, placed them on the
+church door the day after the event they commemorate:
+
+  "Ye Tideswellites, can this be true,
+    Which Fame's loud trumpet brings;
+  That ye, to view the Cambrian Prince,
+    Forsook the King of Kings?
+  That when his rattling chariot wheels,
+    Proclaim'd his Highness near,
+  Ye trod upon each others' heels,
+    To leave the house of prayer.
+  Be wise next time, adopt this plan,
+    Lest ye be left i' th' lurch;
+  And place at th' end of th' town a man
+    To ask him into Church."
+
+It is said that, on the occasion of the late Prince of Wales passing
+through Tideswell on a Sunday, a man was placed to give notice of his
+coming, and the parson and his flock rushed out to see him pass at full
+gallop.
+
+E. P. PALING.
+
+Chorley.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+LITERARY QUERIES.
+
+MR. RICHARD BINGHAM will feel grateful to any literary friend who may be
+able to assist him in solving some or all of the following difficulties.
+
+1. Where does Panormitan or Tudeschis (_Commentar. in Quinque Libros
+Decretalium_) apply the term nullatenenses to titular and utopian bishops?
+See _Origines Ecclesiasticæ_, 4. 6. 2.
+
+2. In which of his books does John Bale, Bishop of Ossory, speaking of the
+monks of Bangor, term them "Apostolicals?" See Ibid., 7. 2. 13.
+
+3. Where does Erasmus say that the preachers of the Roman Church invoked
+the Virgin Mary in the beginning of their discourses, much as the heathen
+poets were used to invoke their Muses? See Ibid., 14. 4. 15.; and
+_Ferrarius de Ritu Concionum_, l. I. c. xi.
+
+4. Bona (_Rer. Liturg._, l. II. c. ii. n. 1.) speaks of an epistle from
+Athanasius to Eustathius, where he inveighs against the Arian bishops, who
+in the beginning of their sermons said "_Pax vobiscum!_" while they
+harassed others, and were tragically at war. But the learned Bingham (14.
+4. 14.) passes this by, and leaves it with Bona, because there is no such
+epistle in the works of Athanasius. Where else? How can Bona's error be
+corrected? or is there extant _in operibus Athanasii_ a letter of his to
+some other person, containing the expressions to which Bona refers?
+
+5. In another place (_Rer. Liturg._, l. II. c. 4. n. 3.) Bona refers to
+tom. iii. p. 307. of an _Auctor Antiquitatum Liturgicarum_ for certain
+_formulæ_; and Joseph Bingham (15. 1. 2.) understands him to mean
+_Pamelius_, whose work does not exceed two volumes. Neither does Pamelius
+notice at all the _first of the two formulæ_, though he has the second, or
+nearly the same. How can this also be explained? And to what work, either
+anonymous or otherwise, did Bona refer in his expression "Auctor
+Antiquitatum Liturgicarum?"
+
+6. In which old edition of _Gratiani Decretum_, probably before the early
+part of the sixteenth century, can be found the unmutilated glosses of John
+Semeca, surnamed Teutonicus? and especially the gloss on _De Consecrat.,
+Distinct._ 4. c. 4., where he says that even in his time (1250?) the custom
+still prevailed in some places of giving the eucharist to babes? See _Orig.
+Ecclesiast._, 15. 4. 7.
+
+7. Joseph Bingham (16. 3. 6.) finds fault with Baronius for asserting that
+Pope Symmachus anathematized the Emperor Anastasius, and asserts that
+instead of _Ista quidem ego_, as given by Baronius and Binius, in the
+epistle of Symmachus, Ep. vii. al. vi. (see also Labbe and Cossart, t. iv.
+p. 1298.), the true reading is _Ista quidem nego_. How can this be
+verified? The epistle is not extant either in Crabbe or Merlin. Is the
+argument {198} of J. B. borne out by any good authority, either in
+manuscript or print?
+
+MR. BINGHAM will feel further obliged if the Replies to any or all of these
+Queries be forwarded direct to his address at 57. Gloucester Place, Portman
+Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Hunter of Polmood in Tweed-dale._--Where can the pedigree of the Hunters
+of Polmood, in Peebleshire, be seen?
+
+HUFREER.
+
+_Dinteville Family._--Of the family of Dinteville there were at this time,
+viz. 1530, two knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. 1st. _Pierre
+de Dinteville_, Commander of Troyes, and Seneschal of his Order; son of
+Claude de Dinteville, Seigneur de Polisi and Chevets in Burgundy, and his
+wife Jeanne de la Beaume, daughter of the Lord of Mont St. Sorlin. The
+other was nephew to the _Pierre_ above mentioned, son of his younger
+brother Gaucher, Lord of Polisi, &c.; and his wife, Anne du Plessis
+d'Ouschamps. His name was _Louis de Dinteville_: he was born June 25, 1503;
+was Commander of Tupigni and Villedieu, and died at Malta, July 22, 1531;
+leaving a natural son, Maria de Dinteville, Abbé of St. Michael de
+Tonnerre, who was killed in Paris by a pistol-shot in 1574. The brother of
+this Chevalier Louis, _Jean_, Seign. of Polisi, &c., was _ambassador_ in
+England, and died a cripple A.D. 1555.
+
+Query, Which was the "Dominus" of the king's letter?
+
+ANON.
+
+_Eastern Practice of Medicine._--I shall feel indebted to any correspondent
+who will refer me to some works on the theory and practice of medicine as
+pursued by the native practitioners of India and the East generally?
+
+C. CLIFTON BARRY.
+
+_Sunday._--When and where does Sunday begin or end?
+
+T. T. W.
+
+_Three Picture Queries._--1. Kugler (_Schools of Painting in Italy_, edited
+by Sir Charles Eastlake, 2nd edit., 1851, Part II. p. 284.), speaking of
+Leonardo da Vinci's cartoon, representing the victory of the Florentines in
+1440 over Nicolo Picinnino, general of the Duke of Milan, and which has now
+perished, says:
+
+    "Rubens copied from Leonardo's, a group of four horsemen fighting for a
+    standard: this is engraved by Edelingk, and is just sufficient to make
+    us bitterly deplore the loss of this rich and grand work."
+
+Does this picture exist? Does Edelingk's engraving state in whose
+possession it was then?
+
+2. Where can I find any account of a painter named St. Denis? From his name
+and style, he appears to have been French, and to have flourished
+subsequently to 1700.
+
+3. Titian painted Charles III., Duke of Bourbon and Constable of France,
+who was killed May 6, 1527, at the siege of Rome. Where is this picture? It
+is said to have been engraved by Nörsterman. Where may I see the engraving?
+
+ARTHUR PAGET.
+
+"_Cutting off with a Shilling._"--This is understood to have arisen from
+the notion that the heir could not be utterly disinherited by will: that
+something, however small, must be left him. Had such a notion any
+foundation in the law of England at any time?
+
+J. H. CHATEAU.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Inman or Ingman Family._--The family of Inman, Ionman, or Ingman,
+variously spelt, derive from John of Gaunt. This family was settled for
+five successive generations at Bowthwaite Grange, Netherdale or Nithisdale,
+co. York, and inter-married with many of the principal families of that
+period.
+
+Alfred Inman married Amelia, daughter of Owen Gam. Who was Owen Gam?
+
+Arthur Inman married Cecilia, daughter of Llewellyn Clifford. Who was
+Llewellyn Clifford? Not mentioned in the Clifford Peerage. Perhaps MR.
+HUGHES, or some other correspondent of "N. & Q.," may know, and have the
+kindness to make known his genealogical history.
+
+This family being strong adherents of the House of Lancaster, raised a
+troop in the royal cause under the Duke of Newcastle, at the fatal battle
+of Marston Moor, where several brothers were slain, the rest dispersed, and
+the property confiscated to Cromwell's party about 1650-52. Any
+genealogical detail from public records prior to that period, would be
+useful in tracing the descent.
+
+Sir William de Roas de Ingmanthorpe was summoned to parliament in the reign
+of Edw. I. This Ingmanthorpe, or Inmanthorpe (spelt both ways), is,
+according to Thoresby, near Knaresborough on the Nidd. Query, Was this
+person's name Inman from his residence, as usual at that period?
+
+Arms: Vert, on a chevron or, three roses gules, slipped and leaved vert.
+Crest, on a mount vert, a wyvern ppr. ducally gorged, and lined or. Motto
+lost.
+
+A SUBSCRIBER.
+
+Southsea.
+
+_Constable of Masham._--Alan Bellingham of Levins, in Westmoreland, married
+Susan, daughter of Marmaduke Constable of Masham, in Yorkshire, before the
+year 1624.
+
+I should be very much obliged to any of your genealogical readers, if they
+can inform me who was Marmaduke Constable of Masham; to which {199} family
+of Constable he belonged; and where I could find a pedigree of his family.
+
+COMES STABULI.
+
+Malta.
+
+_Fading Ink._--I have somewhere seen a receipt for an ink, which completely
+fades away after it has been written a few months. Will some chemical
+reader kindly refer me to it?
+
+C. CLIFTON BARRY.
+
+_Sir Ralph Killigrew._--Who was Sir Ralph Killigrew, born _circa_ 1585. I
+should be very much obliged to be referred to a good pedigree of the
+Killigrew family of the above period.
+
+PATONCE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Pepys._--I have lately acquired a collection of letters between Pepys and
+Major Aungier, Sir Isaac Newton, Halley, and other persons, relating to the
+management of the mathematical school at Christ's Hospital; and containing
+details of the career of some of the King's scholars after leaving the
+school. The letters extend from 1692 to 1695; and are the original letters
+received by Pepys, with his drafts of the answers. They are loosely
+stitched, in order of date, in a thick volume, and are two hundred and
+upwards in number. Are these letters known, and have they ever been
+published or referred to?
+
+A. F. B.
+
+Diss.
+
+    [It is a singular coincidence that we should receive the communication
+    of A. F. B. on the day of the publication of the new and much improved
+    library edition of Pepys's _Diary_. Would our correspondent permit us
+    to submit his collection to the editor of Pepys, who would no doubt be
+    gratified with a sight of it? We will guarantee its safe return, and
+    any expenses incurred in its transmission. On turning to the fourth
+    volume of the new edition of the _Diary_, we find the following letter
+    (now first published) from Dr. Tanner, afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph,
+    to Dr. Charlett, dated April 28, 1699:--"Mr. Pepys was just finishing a
+    letter to you last night when I gave him yours. I hear he has printed
+    some letters lately about the abuses of Christ's Hospital; they are
+    only privately handed about. A gentleman that has a very great respect
+    for Mr. Pepys, saw one of them in one of the Aldermen's hands, but
+    wishes there had been some angry expressions left out; which he fears
+    the Papists and other enemies of the Church of England will make ill
+    use of." Is anything known of this "privately printed" volume? In the
+    Life of Pepys (4th edit., p. xxxi.), mention is made of his having
+    preserved from ruin the mathematical foundation at Christ's Hospital,
+    which had been originally designed by him.--ED.]
+
+"_Retainers to Seven Shares and a Half._"--Can any reader of "N. & Q.,"
+conversant with the literature of the seventeenth century, furnish an
+explanation of this phrase? It occurs in the preface to _Steps to the
+Temple, &c._, of Richard Crashaw (the 2nd edit., in the Savoy, 1670),
+addressed by "the author's friend" to "the learned reader," and is used in
+disparagement of pretenders to poetry. The passage runs thus:
+
+    "It were prophane but to mention here in the preface those under-headed
+    poets, retainers to seven shares and a half; madrigal fellows, whose
+    only business in verse is to rime a poor sixpenny soul, a subburb
+    sinner into hell," &c.
+
+H. L.
+
+    [The performers at our earlier theatres were distinguished into whole
+    shares, three-quarter sharers, half sharers, seven-and-a-half sharers,
+    hired men, &c. In one scene of the _Histriomastic_, 1610, the dissolute
+    performers having been arrested by soldiers, one of the latter
+    exclaims, "Come on, players! now we are the sharers, and you the hired
+    men;" and in another scene, Clout, one of the characters, rejects with
+    some indignation the offer of "half a share." Gamaliel Ratsey, in that
+    rare tract, _Ratseis Ghost_, 1606, knights the principal performer of a
+    company by the title of "Sir Three Shares and a Half;" and Tucca, in
+    Ben Jonson's _Poetaster_, addressing Histrio, observes, "Commend me to
+    Seven shares and a half," as if some individual at that period had
+    engrossed as large a proportion. Shakspeare, in _Hamlet_, speaks of "a
+    whole share" as a source of no contemptible emolument, and of the owner
+    of it as a person filling no inferior station in "a cry of payers." In
+    _Northward Ho!_ also, a sharer is noticed with respect. Bellamont the
+    poet enters, and tells his servant, "Sirrah, I'll speak with none:" on
+    which the servant asks, "Not a player?" and his master replies:
+
+                  "No, though a sharer bawl:
+      I'll speak with none, although it be the mouth
+      Of the big company."
+
+    The value of a share in any particular company would depend upon the
+    number of subdivisions, upon the popularity of the body, upon the
+    stock-plays belonging to it, upon the extent of its wardrobe, and the
+    nature of its properties.--See Collier's _English Dramatic Poetry_,
+    vol. iii. p. 427.]
+
+_Madden's "Reflections and Resolutions proper for the Gentlemen of
+Ireland."_--This work, by the Rev. Samuel Madden, was first published in
+Dublin in 1738, and was reprinted at the expense of the late Mr. Thomas
+Pleasants, in one vol. 8vo., pp. 224, Dub. 1816. I possess two copies of
+the original edition, likewise in one vol. 8vo., pp. 237, and I have seen
+about a dozen; and yet I find in the preface to the reprint the following
+paragraph:
+
+    "The very curious and interesting work which is now reprinted, and
+    intended for a wide and gratuitous circulation, is also of uncommon
+    rarity; there is not a copy of it in the library of Trinity College, or
+    in any of the other public libraries of this city, which have been
+    searched on purpose. (One was purchased some {200} years ago for the
+    library of the Royal Dublin Society, if I mistake not, for 1l. 6s., or
+    rather more.) The profoundly learned Vice-Provost, Doctor Barrett,
+    never met with one; and many gentlemen well skilled in the literature
+    of Ireland, who have been applied to for information on the subject,
+    are even unacquainted with the name of the book."
+
+Of Dr. Madden, known as "Premium" Madden, few memorials exist; and yet he
+was a man of whom Johnson said, "His was a name Ireland ought to honour."
+The book in question does not appear to be of "uncommon rarity." Is it
+considered by competent judges of "exceeding merit?" I would be glad to
+know.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+    [Probably, from this work having appeared anonymously, it was unknown
+    to the writers of his life in Chalmers' and Rose's _Biographical
+    Dictionaries_, as well as to Mr. Nichols, when he wrote his account of
+    Dr. Madden in his _Literary Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 32. A volume
+    containing the _Reflections and Resolutions_, together with the
+    author's tragedy, _Themistocles_, 1729, and his tract, _A Proposal for
+    the General Encouragement of Learning in Dublin College_, 1732, is in
+    the Grenville Collection in the British Museum. This volume was
+    presented by Dr. Madden to Philip, Earl of Chesterfield, as appears
+    from the following MS. note on a fly-leaf: "To his Excellency the Right
+    Hon. Philip Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, these
+    Tracts, writ (how meanly soever) with a real zeal for the service of
+    that country, are most humbly presented by the author, his most
+    obedient humble servant."]
+
+_King Edward I.'s Arm._--Fuller, speaking of the death and character of
+King Edward I., winds up with these words:
+
+    "As the arm of King Edward I. was accounted the measure of a yard,
+    generally received in England; so his actions are an excellent model
+    and a praiseworthy platform for succeeding princes to
+    imitate."--_Church History_, b. iii., A.D. 1307.
+
+Query, Is there historical proof of this statement of "honest Tom?" He
+gives no reference apparently considering the fact too well established to
+require any.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+    [Ask that staunch and sturdy royalist, Peter Heylin, whether Old Tom is
+    not sometimes more facetious than correct; and whether, in the extract
+    given above, we should not read _Richard I._ for Edward I. In
+    Knyghton's _Chronicle_, lib. II. cap. viii. sub Hen. I., we find,
+    "Mercatorum falsam ulnam castigavit adhibita brachii sui mensura." See
+    also William of Malmsbury in Vita Hen. I., and Spelm. Hen. I. apud
+    Wilkins, 299., who inform us, that a new standard of longitudinal
+    measure was ascertained by Henry I., who commanded that the ulna, or
+    ancient ell, which answers to the modern yard, should be made of the
+    exact length of his own arm.]
+
+_Elstob, Elizabeth._--Can any of your numerous correspondents state where
+that celebrated Saxon linguist, Mrs. Elizabeth Elstob, was buried? In
+Chambers's _Biographical Illustrations of Worcestershire_, she is said to
+have been buried at Saint Margaret's, Westminster; but after every inquiry,
+made many years since of the then worthy churchwarden of the parish, our
+researches were in vain, for there is no account of her sepulture in the
+church or graveyard.
+
+J. B. WHITBOURNE.
+
+    [Most of the biographical notices of Mrs. Elizabeth Elstob state that
+    she was buried at St. Margaret's, Westminster. We can only account for
+    the name not appearing in the register of that church, from her having
+    _changed her name_ when she opened her school in Worcestershire, as
+    stated, on the authority of Mr. Geo. Ballard, in Nichols's _Literary
+    Anecdotes_, vol. iv. p. 714. Ballard's Correspondence is in the
+    Bodleian.]
+
+_Monumental Brasses in London._--Can any of your correspondents favour me
+with a list of churches in London, or within a mile of the same, containing
+monumental brasses? I know of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, only.
+
+J. W. BROWN.
+
+    [As our young crypto-antiquary dates his letter from Crosby Hall, he
+    will probably find in its library the following works to assist him in
+    his researches:--_List of Monumental Brasses in England_ (Rivington),
+    _Manual for the Study of Monumental Brasses_ (Parker), and Sperling's
+    _Church Walks in Middlesex_ (Masters). Two are noticed in Waller's
+    _Monumental Brasses_, fol., 1842, viz. Dr. Christopher Urswick, in
+    Hackney Church, A.D. 1521, and Andrew Evyngar and wife, in All-Hallows
+    Barking Church. If we mistake not, there is one in St. Faith's, near
+    St. Paul's.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+RAPPING NO NOVELTY; AND TABLE-TURNING.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 512. 632.; Vol. ix., pp. 39. 88. 135.)
+
+    "There is a curious criminal process on record, manuscript 1770,
+    noticed by Voltaire as in the library of the King of France, which was
+    founded upon a remarkable set of visions said to have occurred to the
+    monks of Orleans.
+
+    "The illustrious house of St. Memin had been very liberal to the
+    convent, and had their family vault under the church. The wife of a
+    Lord of St. Memin, Provost of Orleans, died, and was buried. The
+    husband, thinking that his ancestors had given more than enough to the
+    convent, sent the monks a present, which they thought too small. They
+    formed a plan to have her body disinterred, and to force the widower to
+    pay a second fee for depositing it again in holy ground.
+
+    "The soul of the lady first appeared to two of the brethren, and said
+    to them, 'I am damned, like Judas, because my husband has not given
+    sufficient.' They hoped to extort money for the repose of her soul. But
+    the husband said, 'If she is really damned, all the money in the world
+    won't save her,' and gave them nothing. Perceiving their mistake, they
+    declared she appeared again, saying she was in _Purgatory_, and {201}
+    demanding to be disinterred. But this seemed a curious request, and
+    excited suspicion, for it was not likely that a soul in purgatory would
+    ask to have the body removed from holy ground, neither had any in
+    purgatory ever been known to desire to be exhumed.
+
+    "The soul after this did not try _speaking_ any more, but haunted
+    everybody in the convent and church. Brother Peter of Arras adopted a
+    very awkward manner of conjuring it. He said to it, 'If thou art the
+    soul of the late Madame de St. Memin, strike four knocks,' and the four
+    knocks were struck. 'If thou art damned, strike six knocks,' and the
+    six knocks were struck. 'If thou art still tormented in hell, because
+    thy body is buried in holy ground, knock six more times,' and the six
+    knocks were heard still more distinctly. 'If we disinter thy body, wilt
+    thou be less damned, certify to us by five knocks,' and the soul so
+    certified. This statement was signed by twenty-two cordeliers. The
+    father provincial asked the same questions and received the same
+    answers. The Lord of St. Memin prosecuted the father cordeliers. Judges
+    were appointed. The general of the commission required that they should
+    be burned; but the sentence only condemned them to make the 'amende
+    honorable,' with a torch in their bosom, and to be banished."
+
+This sentence is of the 18th of February, 1535. Vide Abbé Langlet's
+_History of Apparitions_.
+
+From the above extract, and from what your correspondents MR. JARDINE and
+R. I. R. have written, it is satisfactorily shown that rapping is no
+novelty, having been known in England and France some centuries ago. MR.
+JARDINE has given us an instance in 1584, and leads us to suppose that it
+was the earliest on record. I now give one as early as 1534; and it would
+be interesting to know if the monks of Orleans were the first to have
+practised this imposition, and to have been banished for their deception
+and fraud.
+
+WILLIAM WINTHROP.
+
+Malta.
+
+In Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. XXIX. cap. i. p. 552. of a Paris edition,
+1681, two persons, Patricius and Hilarius, charged with disseminating
+prophecies injurious to the Emperor Valens, were brought before a court of
+justice, and a tripod, which they were charged with using, was also
+produced. Hilarius then made the following acknowledgment:
+
+    "Construximus, magnifici judices, ad cortinæ similitudinem Delphicæ,
+    diris auspiciis, de laureis virgulis infaustam hanc mensulam quam
+    videtis; et imprecationibus carminum secretorum, choragiisque multis ac
+    diuturnis ritualiter consecratam movimus tandem; movendi autem, quoties
+    super rebus arcanis consulebatur, erat institutio talis. Collocabatur
+    in medio domûs emaculatæ odoribus Arabicis undique, lance rotunda pure
+    superposita, ex diversis metallicis materiis fabrefacta; cujus in
+    ambitu rotunditatis extremo elementorum viginti quatuor scriptiles
+    formæ incisæ perite, dijungebantur spatiis examinate dimensis. Hac
+    linteis quidam indumentis amictus, calciatusque itidem linteis soccis,
+    torulo capiti circumflexo, verbenas felicis arboris gestans, litato
+    conceptis carminibus numine præscitionum auctore, cærimoniali scientia
+    perstitit; cortinulis pensilem anulum librans, sartum ex carpathio filo
+    perquam levi, mysticis disciplinis initiatum: qui per intervalla
+    distincta retinentibus singulis litteris incidens saltuatim, heroos
+    efficit versus interrogationibus consonos, ad numeros et modos plene
+    conclusos; quales leguntur Pythici, vel ex oraculis editi Branchidarum.
+    Ibi tum quærentibus nobis, qui præsenti succedet imperio, quoniam omni
+    parte expolitus fore memorabatur et adsiliens anulus duas perstrinxerat
+    syllabas, [Greek: THEO] cum adjectione litteræ postrema, exclamavit
+    præsentium quidem, Theodorum præscribente fatali necessitate portendi."
+
+In lib. XXXI. cap. ii. p. 621. of same edition, a method of prognostication
+by the Alami is described; but there is no mention of tables there. The
+historian only says:
+
+    "Rectiores virgas vimineas colligentes, easque cum incantamentis
+    quibusdam secretis præstituto tempore discernentes, aperte quid
+    portendatur norunt."
+
+H. W.
+
+The mention of table-turning by Ammianus Marcellinus reminds me of a
+curious passage in the _Apologeticus_ of Tertullian, cap. xxiii., to which
+I invite the attention of those interested in the subject:
+
+    "Porro si et magi phantasmata edunt et jam defunctorum infamant animas;
+    si pueros in eloquium oraculi elidunt; si multa miracula circulatoriis
+    præstigiis ludunt; si et somnia immittunt habentes semel invitatorum
+    angelorum et dæmonum assistentem sibi potestatem, _per quos_ et capræ
+    et _mensæ divinare consueverunt_; quanto magis," &c.
+
+Here table divination by means of angels and demons seems distinctly
+alluded to. How like the modern system! The context of this passage, as
+well as the extract itself, will suggest singular coincidence between
+modern and ancient pretensions of this class.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL WHITELOCKE.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 521. 621.)
+
+Much interesting information concerning General Whitelocke, about whose
+conduct some difference of opinion appears to exist, will be found in the
+Rev. Erskine Neale's _Risen from the Ranks_ (London, Longmans, 1853); but
+neither the date nor the place of his death is there given. The reverend
+writer's account of the general's conduct is not at all favourable. After
+alluding to him as "a chief unequal to his position," he says:
+
+    "John Whitelocke was born in the year 1759, and received his early
+    education in the Grammar School at Marlborough. His father was steward
+    to John, fourth Earl of Aylesbury; and the peer, in {202}
+    acknowledgment of the faithful services of his trusted dependent,
+    placed young Whitelocke at Lochee's Military Academy, near Chelsea.
+    There he remained till 1777, when, the Earl's friendly disposition
+    remaining in full force, and the youth's predilection for a military
+    career continuing unabated, an ensigncy was procured him, through Lord
+    Aylesbury's intervention, in the 14th regiment of Foot."--_Risen from
+    the Ranks_, p. 68.
+
+Through the influence of his brother-in-law, General Brownrigge,
+Whitelocke's promotion was rapid; and in 1807 he was gazetted
+commander-in-chief of an expedition destined for the recapture of Buenos
+Ayres. His conduct during this expedition became the subject of a
+court-martial; he was found guilty, sentenced to be cashiered, and declared
+to be "totally unfit to serve his Majesty in any military capacity
+whatever."
+
+Judging from the evidence adduced, the conduct of the commander-in-chief
+was totally unworthy of the flag under which he served, and highly
+calculated to arouse the indignation of the men whom he commanded; and for
+some considerable time, whenever the soldiers met together to take a
+friendly glass, the toast was, "Success to _grey hairs_, but bad luck to
+_White-locks_!" On the whole, the Rev. E. Neale's account seems to be quite
+impartial; and most persons, after reading the evidence of the general's
+extremely vacillating conduct, will be inclined to agree with him in
+awarding this unfortunate officer the title of the "Flincher-General at
+Buenos Ayres."
+
+JAMES SPENCE HARRY.
+
+I have only just seen your correspondent's Reply (Vol. ix., p. 87.)
+respecting General Whitelocke. He is right in stating that the general
+resided at Clifton: he might have added, as late as 1830; but he had
+previously, for time, lived at Butcombe Court, Somersetshire.
+
+There is an anecdote still rife in the neighbourhood, that when Whitelocke
+came down to see the house before taking it, he put up at an inn, and after
+dinner asked the landlord to take a glass of wine with him. Upon
+announcing, however, who he was, the landlord started up and declared he
+would not drink another glass with him, throwing down at the same time the
+price of the bottle, that he might not be indebted to the general.
+
+Respecting the story of the flints, it is said that he desired them to be
+taken out of the muskets, wishing that the men should only use their
+bayonets against the enemy.
+
+ARDELIO.
+
+I remember well that soon after the unsuccessful attack of General
+Whitelocke upon Buenos Ayres, it was stated that the flints had been taken
+out of the muskets of some of our regiments because they were quite raw
+troops, and the General thought that they might, from want of knowledge and
+use of fire-arms, do more mischief to themselves than to the enemy, and
+that they had better trust to the bayonet alone. The consequence was, that
+when they entered the streets of the town, they found no enemy in them to
+whom they could apply the bayonet. The inhabitants and troops were in the
+strong stone houses, and fired on and killed our men with perfect impunity,
+as not a shot could be fired in return: to surrender was their only chance
+of life. A reference to a file of newspapers of that date (which I am too
+lazy to make myself) will show whether this was understood at the time to
+be a fact or not.
+
+J. SS.
+
+In the _Autobiography of B. Haydon_ (I think vol. i.), he mentions that as
+he was passing through Somersetshire on his way from Plymouth to London, he
+saw General Whitelocke. A reference to the passage may interest G. L. S.
+
+W. DENTON.
+
+The following charade was in vogue at the time of Whitelocke's death:
+
+  "My first is an emblem of purity;
+  My second is that of security;
+  My whole forms a name
+  Which, if yours were the same,
+  You would blush to hand down to posterity."
+
+J. Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"MAN PROPOSES, BUT GOD DISPOSES."
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 552.; Vol. ix., p. 87.)
+
+1. If your correspondent H. P. will again examine my communication on this
+subject, he will find that I have _not_ overlooked the view which
+attributes the _De Imitatione_ to John Gerson, but have expressly referred
+to it.
+
+2. If Gerson _was_ the author, this will not prove that in quoting the
+proverb in question, Piers Ploughman quoted from the _De Imitatione_, as
+H. P. supposes. The dates which I gave will show this. The _Vision_ was
+written about A.D. 1362, whereas, according to Du Pin, John Gerson was born
+December 14, 1363, took a prominent part in the Council of Constance, 1414,
+and died in 1429. Of the Latin writers of the fifteenth century, Mosheim
+says:
+
+    "At their head we may justly place John Gerson, Chancellor of the
+    University of Paris, the most illustrious ornament that this age can
+    boast of, a man of great influence and authority, whom the Council of
+    Constance looked upon an its oracle, the lovers of liberty as their
+    patron, and whose memory is yet precious to such among the French
+    clergy as are at all zealous for the maintenance of their privileges
+    against papal despotism."--_Ecc. Hist._, cent. xv. ch. ii. sec. 24.
+
+3. Gerson was not a Benedictine monk, but a Parisian curé, and Canon of
+Notre Dame:
+
+    "He was made curate (_curé_, parson or rector) of St. John's, in Greve,
+    on the 29th of March, 1408, and {203} continued so to 1413, when in a
+    sedition raised by the partizans of the Duke of Burgundy, his house was
+    plundered by the mob, and he obliged to fly into the church of Notre
+    Dame, where he continued for some time concealed."--Du Pin, _History of
+    the Church_, cent. xv. ch. viii.
+
+It is said that the treatise in question first appeared--
+
+    "Appended to a MS. of Gerson's _De Consolatione Theologiæ_, dated 1421.
+    This gave rise to the supposition that he was the real author of that
+    celebrated work; and indeed it is a very doubtful point whether this
+    opinion is true or not, there being several high authorities which
+    ascribe to him the authorship of that book."--Knight's _Penny
+    Cyclopædia_, vol. vi. art. "Gerson."
+
+Was there then _another_ John Gerson, a monk, and Abbot of St. Stephen,
+between 1200 and 1240, to whom, as well as to the above, the _De
+Imitatione_ has been ascribed? This, though not impossible, appears
+extremely improbable. Is H. P. prepared with evidence to prove it?
+
+Du Pin, in the chapter above quoted, farther says, in speaking of the _De
+Imitatione Christi_:
+
+    "The style is pretty much like that of the other devotional books of
+    Thomas à Kempis. Nevertheless, in his lifetime it was attributed to St.
+    Bernard and Gerson. The latter was most commonly esteemed the author of
+    it in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Afterwards some MSS. of it
+    were found in Italy, where it is attributed to one Gerson or Gessen, to
+    whom is given the title of _abbot_. Perhaps Gersen or Gessen are only
+    corruptions of the name of Gerson. Notwithstanding, there are two
+    things which will hardly let us believe that this was Gerson's book;
+    one, that the author calls himself a monk, the other, that the style is
+    very different from that of the Chancellor of Paris. All this makes it
+    difficult to decide to which of these three authors it belongs. We must
+    leave Thomas à Kempis in possession of what is attributed to him,
+    without deciding positively in his favour."
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+This saying is quoted twice, as follows, in _The Chronicle of Battel Abbey
+from 1066 to 1177_, translated by Mr. Lower, 8vo., London, 1851:
+
+    "Thus, '_Man proposes, but God disposes_,' for he was not permitted to
+    carry that resolution into effect."--P. 27.
+
+    "But, as the Scripture saith, '_Man proposes, but God disposes_,' so
+    Christ suffered not His Church to want its ancient and rightful
+    privileges."--P. 83.
+
+Mr. Lower says in his Preface, p. x.:
+
+    "Of the identity of the author nothing certain can be inferred, beyond
+    the bare fact of his having been a monk of Battel. A few passages would
+    almost incline one to believe that Abbot Odo, who was living at the
+    date of the last events narrated in the work, and who is known to have
+    been a literary character of some eminence, was the writer of at least
+    some portions of the volume."
+
+It is stated at the beginning to be in part derived from early document and
+traditional statements.
+
+E. J. M.
+
+Hastings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NAPOLEON'S SPELLING.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 386. 502.)
+
+The question as to Napoleon's spelling may seem, at first sight, to be one
+of little importance; and yet, if we will look at it aright, we shall find
+that it involves many points of interest for the philosopher and the
+historian. During a residence of some years in France, I had heard it
+remarked, more than once, by persons who appeared hostile to the Napoleon
+dynasty, that its great founder had, in his bulletins and other public
+documents, shown an unaccountable ignorance of the common rules of
+orthography: but I had never seen the assertion put forth by any competent
+writer until I met with the remarks of Macaulay, already quoted by me, Vol.
+viii., p. 386.
+
+In reply to my inquiry as to the authority for this statement, your
+correspondent C. has readily and kindly furnished a passable from
+Bourrienne's _Mémoires_, in which it is alleged that Napoleon's
+"orthographe est en général _extraordinairement estropiée_."
+
+From all this it must be taken for granted, as, indeed, it has never been
+denied, that Napoleon's spelling is defective; but the question to be
+considered is, whether that defectiveness was the effect of ignorance or of
+design. That it did not arise from ignorance would seem probable for the
+following reasons.
+
+Napoleon received his education chiefly in France; and it is to be presumed
+that the degree of instruction in grammar, orthography, &c., _ordinarily_
+bestowed on educated Frenchmen, was not withheld from him.
+
+To say the least of it, he was endued with sufficient intelligence to
+acquire an _ordinary_ knowledge of such matters.
+
+Nay more: he was a man of the highest order of genius. Between the
+possession of genius, and a knowledge of orthography, there is, I admit, no
+necessary connexion. The humblest pedagogue may be able to spell more
+correctly than the greatest philosopher. But neither, on the other hand,
+does genius of any kind necessarily preclude a knowledge of spelling.
+
+While still a young man, Napoleon wrote several works in French, such as
+the _Souper de Beaucaire_, the _Mémoire sur la Culture du Mûrier_, &c. Some
+of the manuscripts of these writings must be still extant; and a comparison
+of the spelling of his unpretending youth, with that of his aspiring {204}
+manhood, would show at once whether the "_orthographe extraordinairement
+estropiée_" of his later productions was the result of habit or design.
+
+The orthography of the French language is peculiarly intricate; and it is
+no uncommon thing to meet with educated men in that country who are unable
+to spell with accuracy. That Napoleon may have been in a similar
+predicament, would not be surprising; but that it should be said of the
+most _extraordinary_ man of the age, that his spelling is
+_extraordinairement estropiée_, seems inexplicable upon any fair
+supposition, except that he accounted the rules of spelling unworthy the
+attention of any but copyists and office drudges; or (which is more
+probable) that he wished this extraordinary spelling to be received as an
+indication of the great rapidity with which he could commit his thoughts to
+paper.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., p. 3.)
+
+There appearing to be a strong feeling that a correct edition of these
+_Memoirs_ should be published, with the present inaccurate notes thoroughly
+revised, I send you a few notes from a collection I have made on the
+subject.
+
+The proper orthography of the name is "Gramont," and the family probably
+originally came from Spain. Matta's friend, the Marquis de Sevantes,
+asserts the fact; and it is corroborated by the fact, that on the occasion
+of the Marshal de Grammont's demanding the hand of the Infanta Maria
+Theresa for Louis XIV., the people cried, "Viva el Marescal de Agramont,
+que es de nuestro sangue!" And the King of Spain said to the Marshal after
+the presentation of his sons, the Counts de Guiche and De Louvigny, "Teneis
+Muy Buenos y lindos hijos y bien se hecha de ver que los Agramonteses salen
+de la sangue de Espana."
+
+The Grammont family had been so enriched and ennobled by its repeated
+marriages with the heiresses of great families, that, like many noble
+houses of our own times, members of it hardly knew their own correct
+surname: thus, in the famous declaration of the parliament of Paris against
+the Peers in 1717, on the subject of the Caps, it was said:
+
+    "The Grammonts have determined on their armorial bearings, and hold to
+    those of the house of Aure. The Count de Grammont said one day to the
+    Marshal, What arms shall we use this year?"
+
+The Grammonts in the male line are descended from Sancho Garcia d'Aure,
+Viscount de l'Arboust. Menaud d'Aure, his lineal representative, married
+Claire de Grammont, sister and heiress of Jean, Seigneur de Grammont, and
+daughter of Francis, Seigneur de Grammont, and Catherine d'Andoins his
+wife.
+
+Menaud d'Aure is the ancestor who is disguised in the _Memoirs_ as
+"Menaudaure" and "Menodore;" and in the notes, coupled with "la belle
+Corisande," they are styled two of the ancestresses of the family
+celebrated for their beauty.
+
+Philibert, who was styled Philibert de Grammont and de Toulongeon, Count de
+Grammont and de Guiche, Viscount d'Aster, Captain of fifty men at arms,
+Governor and Mayor of Bayonne, Seneschal of Bearne, married on Aug. 7,
+1567, Diana, better known as "La belle Corisande" d'Andouins, Viscountess
+de Louvigny, Dame de Lescun, the only daughter of Paul Viscount de
+Louvigny; who, although a Huguenot, was killed at the siege of Rouen,
+fighting under the command of the Duke de Guise. They had two children:
+Antoine, subsequently the first duke, and Catherine, who married Francois
+Nompar de Chaumont, Count de Lauzun, the ancestor of the celebrated Duke de
+Lauzun, who was first introduced at court by his relative the Marshal de
+Grammont.
+
+This Philibert, Count de Grammont, was killed at the siege of La Fere in
+Aug. 1580. The connexion between his widow, the fair Corisande, and Henry
+IV., was subsequent to the Count's death.
+
+The Duchy Peerage was created on Dec. 13, 1643. Antoine, the first duke,
+married, firstly, on Sept. 1, 1601, Louise, eldest daughter of the Marshal
+de Roquelaure; she died in 1610, leaving Antoine, subsequently the Marshal
+Duke de Grammont, and Roger, Count de Louvigny, killed in a duel in
+Flanders on March 18, 1629. The Duke de Grammont married, secondly, on
+March 29, 1618, Claude, eldest daughter of Louis de Montmorency, Baron de
+Boutteville; and had Henri, Count de Toulongeon, who died unmarried on
+Sept. 1, 1679; Philibert, the celebrated Chevalier de Grammont, who was
+born in 1621; and three daughters.
+
+The Marshal de Grammont was one of the most celebrated men of the court of
+Louis XIV.: he was a favourite both of Richelieu and Mazarin, and married a
+niece of the former; and, as a wit, was not inferior to his brother the
+Chevalier. He sided with the Court during the wars of the Fronde; whilst
+the Chevalier in the first instance joined the Prince of Condé, probably
+from their mutual connexion with the Montmorency family. The Marshal died
+at Bayonne, on July 12, 1678, aged seventy-four years, leaving four
+children, of whom the Count de Guiche and the Princess de Monaco are well
+known.
+
+The Chevalier de Grammont received his outfit from his mother, and joined
+the army under Prince Thomas of Savoy, then besieging Trin in Piedmont,
+which was taken on Sept. 24, 1643. The notes to the _Memoirs_ say May 4,
+1639; but that {205} was a former siege by the French, then under the
+command of the Cardinal de la Vallette.
+
+Probably this will be as much as you can afford space for at present, and I
+will therefore reserve any farther communications for a future Number.
+
+W. H. LAMMIN.
+
+Fulham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE MYRTLE BEE.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 593.)
+
+Ere venturing an opinion as to the exact size of the above, as compared
+with the Golden-crested Wren, I should much like to ascertain where I am
+likely to meet with a faithful specimen of the latter? The Myrtle Bee is
+about half the size of the common Wren, certainly not larger: and I always
+took it for granted, the bird derived its name from its diminutiveness and
+the cover it frequented. I cannot say the bird was generally known in the
+neighbourhood, having only met with it when in company with sportsmen, in a
+description of country little frequented by others. I originally obtained
+the name when a boy from a deceased parent whom I accompanied out shooting;
+and for a succession of years the bird was familiar to me, in fact, to all
+sportsmen of that period who shot over the immediate locality; we all knew
+it, although its name was seldom mentioned. In fact, it never induced a
+thought beyond--"Confound the bees, how they bother the dogs"--or some such
+expression. I am unacquainted with the Dartford Warbler (_Sylvia
+provincialis_, Gmel.); but the description as quoted by Mr. Salmon from
+Yarrell's _Hist. of British Birds_, 1839, vol. i. p. 311. et seq., differs
+from the Myrtle Bee. The Warbler is said to haunt and build among furze on
+commons, and flies with jerks; whereas I never met with the Myrtle Bee
+among furze, neither does it fly with jerks: on the contrary, its short
+flight is rapid, steady, and direct. The description of the Warbler appears
+to agree with a small bird well known here as the Furze Chat, but which is
+out of all proportion as compared with the Myrtle Bee.
+
+As regards the Query touching the possibility of my memory being
+treacherous respecting the colour of the bird, after a lapse of twenty-five
+years, more faith will be placed therein on my stating that I am an old
+fly-fisher, making my own flies: and that no strange bird ever came to hand
+without undergoing a searching scrutiny as to colour and texture of the
+feathers, with the view of converting it to fishing purposes. No such use
+could be made of the Bee. In a former Number I described the tongue of the
+Myrtle Bee as round, sharp, and pointed at the end, appearing capable of
+penetration. I beg to say that I was solely indebted to accident in being
+able to do so, viz. the tongue protruded beyond the point of the bill,
+owing to the pressure it received in my dog's mouth; the dog having brought
+it out enveloped in dead grass, from the foot of the myrtle bush.
+
+CHARLES BROWN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CELTIC ETYMOLOGY.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 136.)
+
+MR. CROSSLEY seems to confine the word _Celtic_ to the Irish branch of that
+dialect. My notion of the words _iosal_ and _iriosal_ is taken from the
+Highland Gaelic, and the authorised version of the Bible in that language.
+Let Celtic scholars who look to the sense of words in the _four_ spoken
+languages, decide between us. There can be no doubt of the meaning of the
+two words in the Gaelic of Job v. 11. and Ps. iv. 6. In Welsh, and (I
+believe) in bas-Breton, there is no word similar to _uim_ or _umhal_, in
+the senses of _humus_ and _humilis_, to be found. In Gaelic _uir_ is more
+common than _uim_, and _talamh_ more common than either in the sense of
+_humus_; and in that of _humble_, _iosal_ and _iriosal_ are much more
+common than _umhal_.
+
+It is certain that Latin was introduced into Ireland before it reached the
+Highlands, and Christianity with it; and therefore, as this word is not
+found in one branch of the Celtic at all, and is not a very common word in
+another, it is not unreasonable to suppose that it is of Latin origin. The
+sense which MR. CROSSLEY declares to be the only sense of _iosal_ and
+_iriosal_, is precisely that which is the nearest to the original meaning
+of _low_, and _low as the earth_; and this is also the sense which
+_humilis_ always bears in classical Latin, though Christianity (which first
+recognised _humility_ as a virtue, instead of stigmatising it as a
+meanness) attached to it the sense which its derivatives in all modern
+Romance languages, with the exception of Italian, exclusively bear.
+
+Now MR. CROSSLEY has omitted to notice the fact that _umhal_ in Gaelic,
+and, I believe, _umal_ in Irish, have not the intermediate sense of _low_
+and _cringing_, but only the Christian sense of _humble_, as a virtuous
+attribute. It seems natural that if _uim_ and _umal_ were radical words,
+the latter would bear the some relation to _uim_, in every respect, which
+_humilis_ does to _humus_, its supposed derivative. But unless _humus_ be
+derived from [Greek: chamai] (the root of [Greek: chthôn] and [Greek:
+chthamalos]), how does MR. CROSSLEY account for the _h_, which had a sound
+in Latin as well as _horror_ and _hostilis_, both of which retain the
+aspirate in English, though they lose it in French? If MR. CROSSLEY will
+tell me why _horreur_ and _hostile_ have no aspirate in French, I will tell
+him why _heir_, _honour_, and _humour_ have none in English, though _humid_
+(which is as closely connected with _humour_, as _humidus_ is with _humor_)
+retains the aspirate. {206}
+
+These Celtic etymologies, however, though amusing, do not touch the main
+point, which is simply this: the usual mode of pronouncing the word
+_humble_ in good English society. What that is, seems to be so
+satisfactorily shown by your correspondent S. G. C., Vol. viii., p. 393.,
+that all farther argument on the subject would be superfluous.
+
+E. C. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Improvements in the Albumenized Process._--Your expectation of being soon
+able to announce the successful manufacture of a new negative calotype
+paper, will, I am sure, be gladly received by many photographers, and
+especially by those who, like me, have been subjected to much
+disappointment with Turner's paper. For one sheet that has turned out well,
+at least half-a-dozen have proved useless from spottiness, and some sheets
+do not take the iodizing solution evenly, from an apparent want of
+uniformity in the texture of the paper, which causes the solution to
+penetrate portions the moment it is laid on the solution. Undoubtedly, when
+it does succeed, it is superior to Whatman's, but this is not enough to
+compensate for its extreme uncertainty.
+
+In DR. DIAMOND'S directions for the calotype, he gave a formula for the
+addition of bromide of potassium to the iodide of potassium, but did not
+speak with much certainty as to the proportions. Will he kindly say whether
+he has made farther trials; and if so, whether they confirm the proportions
+given by him, or have led him to adopt any change in this respect? and will
+he likewise say whether the iodizing solution which he recommends for
+Turner's paper, is suitable also to Whatman's?
+
+In albumenizing paper, I have not found it desirable to remove the paper
+very slowly from the solution. Whenever I have done so, it has invariably
+dried with waves and streaks, which quite spoiled the sheet. A steady
+motion, neither too slow nor too quick, I have found succeed perfectly, so
+that I now never spoil a sheet. I have used the solution with less albumen
+than recommended by DR. DIAMOND. My formula has been.--
+
+  Albumen              8 oz.
+  Water                12 oz.
+  Muriate ammon.       60 grs.
+  Common salt          60 grs.
+
+And this, I find, gives a sufficient gloss to the paper; but that of course
+is a matter of taste.
+
+I have not either found it essential to allow the paper to remain on the
+solution three minutes or longer, as recommended by DR. DIAMOND. With
+Canson paper, either negative or positive, a minute and a half has been
+sufficient. I have used two dishes, and as soon as a sheet was removed,
+drained, and replaced, I have taken the sheet from the other dish. In this
+way I found that each sheet lay on the solution about one and a half
+minutes, and with the assistance of a person to hang and dry them (which I
+have done before a fire), I have prepared from forty to forty-five sheets
+in an hour, requiring of course to be ironed afterwards.
+
+I have tried a solution of nitrate of silver of thirty grains to one ounce
+of distilled water, to excite this paper, and it appears to answer just as
+well as forty grains. I send you two small collodion views, takes by me and
+printed on albumenized paper prepared as mentioned, and excited with a
+30-grain solution of nitrate of silver.
+
+Is there any certain way of telling the right side of Canson paper,
+negative and positive? On the positive paper on one side, when held in a
+particular position towards the light, shaded bars may be observed; and on
+this side, when looked _through_, the name reads right. Is this the right
+or the wrong side?
+
+C. E. F.
+
+Since I wrote to you last, I have tried a solution of twelve grains only of
+nitrate of silver to the ounce of distilled water, for the paper
+albumenized, as mentioned in my letter of the 13th of February, and have
+found it to answer perfectly. The paper I used was _thin_ Canson, floated
+for one minute exactly on the solution; but I have no doubt the thick
+Canson will succeed just as well; and here I may observe that I have never
+found any advantage in allowing the paper to rest on the solution for three
+or four minutes, as generally recommended, but the contrary, as the paper,
+without being in the least more sensitive, becomes much sooner discoloured
+by keeping. My practice has been to float the thin Canson about half a
+minute, and the thick Canson not more than a minute.
+
+C. E. F.
+
+_Mr. Crookes on restoring old Collodion._--I am happy to explain to your
+correspondent what I consider to be the _rationale_ of the process.
+
+The colour which iodized collodion assumes on keeping, I consider to be
+entirely due to the gradual separation of iodine from the iodide of
+potassium or ammonium originally introduced. There are several ways in
+which this may take place; if the cotton on paper contain the slightest
+trace of nitric acid, owing to its not being _thoroughly_ washed (and this
+is not as easy as is generally supposed), the liberation of iodine in the
+collodion is certain to take place a short time after its being made.
+
+It is possible also that there may be a gradual decomposition of the
+zyloidin itself, and consequent liberation of the iodide by this means,
+with formation of nitrate of potassa or ammonia; but the most probable
+cause I consider to be the following. The ether gradually absorbs oxygen
+from the atmosphere, being converted into acetic acid; this, by its
+superior affinities, reacts on the iodide present, converting it into
+acetate, with liberation of hydriodic acid; while this latter, under the
+influence of the atmospheric oxygen, is very rapidly converted into water
+and iodine.
+
+I am satisfied by experiment that this is one of the causes of the
+separation of iodine, and I think it is the only one, for the following
+reason; neither bromised nor chlorised collodion undergo the slightest
+change of colour, however long they may be kept. Now, if the former
+agencies were at work, there is no reason why bromine should not be
+liberated from a bromide as well as iodine from an iodide; but on the
+latter {207} supposition, could take place, the affinities of acetic acid
+being insufficient to displace hydrobromic acid.
+
+A great many experiments which I tried last autumn, for the express purpose
+of clearing up this point, have convinced me that, _cæteris paribus_, the
+addition of free iodine to the iodizing solution, tends to diminish the
+sensitiveness of the subsequently formed iodide of silver. On paper, this
+diminution of sensitiveness is attended with some advantages, so that at
+present I hardly know whether to introduce the free iodine or not; but in
+collodion, as far as my experience goes, I see no reason for retaining it;
+on the contrary, everything seems to be in favour of its removal.
+
+I can hardly imagine that the increased sensitiveness mentioned by MR.
+HENNAH is really due to the free iodine which he introduces. Such a result
+being so contrary to all my experience, I would venture to suggest that
+there must be some other cause for its beneficial action; for instance,
+commercial iodide of potassium is generally alkaline, owing to impurities
+present; the tincture of iodine in this case would render the collodion
+neutral, and unless a very large excess of iodine were introduced, its good
+effects would be very apparent. This, however, involving the employment of
+impure chemicals, is a very improbable explanation of a phenomenon observed
+by so excellent an operator as MR. HENNAH: there is most likely some local
+cause which would be overlooked unless expressly searched for.
+
+With regard to the point, whether the free iodine is the _sole_ cause of
+the deterioration of old collodion, I should say decidedly not, at least in
+a theoretical view; the liberation of free iodine necessitates some other
+changes in the collodion, and the result must be influenced by these in one
+way or another, but practically I have as yet found nothing to warrant the
+supposition that they perceptibly interfere with the sensitiveness of the
+film.
+
+In the above I have endeavoured as much as possible to avoid
+technicalities, in order to make it intelligible to amateurs; but if there
+be any part which may be considered obscure, on its being pointed out to
+me, I will endeavour to solve the difficulty.
+
+WILLIAM CROOKES.
+
+Hammersmith.
+
+_Photographic Queries._--1. Would you, Sir, or DR. DIAMOND (DR. MANSELL is
+too far off), be kind enough to inform your readers whether DR. MANSELL'S
+process, recommended in No. 225., is equally applicable to _inland_ as to
+sea-side operations; or must we, in the one case, follow DR. DIAMOND, and
+in the other DR. MANSELL, and thus be compelled to prepare two sets of
+papers?
+
+2. DR. MANSELL recommends, as a test for the iodized paper, a _strong_
+solution of bichloride of mercury; may we ask _how strong_?
+
+3. MR. SISSON'S developing fluid has undergone so many changes, and has
+been so much written about, that we are at a loss to discover or to
+determine whether it has been at length settled, in the mind of the
+inventor, that it will do equally well for negatives as for positives.
+
+FOUR PHOTOGRAPHIC READERS.
+
+    [1. Both papers are equally available for both purposes. In actual
+    practice we have not ourselves experienced any difference in their
+    results.
+
+    2. It is quite immaterial. A drachm of bichloride dissolved in one
+    ounce of spirits of wine will cause a cloudiness and a precipitate, if
+    a very few drops are added to the tested water.
+
+    3. In general the salts of iron are more adapted for positives, and
+    weak pyrogallic acid solutions for negatives; say one and a half grain
+    of pyrogallic acid, twenty minims of glacial acetic acid, and an ounce
+    of distilled water.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_London Fortifications_ (Vol. ix., p. 174.).--In last week's Number is an
+inquiry as to "London Fortifications" in the time of the Commonwealth.
+
+There is a Map by Vertue, dated 1738, in a folio _History of London_; there
+is one a trifle smaller, copied from the above; also one with page of
+description, _Gentleman's Magazine_, June, 1749. I subscribed to a set of
+twenty etchings, published last year by Mr. P. Thompson of the New Road;
+they are very curious, being facsimiles of a set of drawings done by a
+Capt. John Eyre of Oliver Cromwell's own regiment, dated 1643. The drawings
+are now I believe in the possession of the City of London.
+
+A CONSTANT READER.
+
+    [The drawings referred to by our correspondent are, we hear, by
+    competent judges regarded as _not genuine_. Such also, we are told, is
+    the opinion given of many drawings ascribed to Hollar and Captain John
+    Eyre, which have been purchased by a gentleman of our acquaintance, and
+    submitted by him to persons most conversant with such drawings. Query,
+    Are the drawings purporting to be by Captain John Eyre, drawings of the
+    period at which they are dated?]
+
+_Burke's Domestic Correspondence_ (Vol. ix., p. 9.).--In reference to a
+Query in "N.& Q." relative to unpublished documents respecting Edmund
+Burke, I beg to inform your correspondent N. O. that I have no doubt but
+that some new light might be thrown on the subject by an application to Mr.
+George Shackleton, Ballitore, a descendant of Abraham Shackleton, Burke's
+old schoolmaster, who I believe has a quantity of letters written to his
+old master Abraham, and also to his son Richard, who had Burke for a
+schoolfellow, and continued the friendship afterwards, both by writing and
+personally. When Richard attended yearly meetings in London, he was always
+a guest at Beaconsfield. Burke was so much attached to Richard, that on one
+of these visits he caused Shackleton's portrait to be painted and presented
+it to him, and it is now in the possession of the above family. I have no
+doubt but that an application to the above gentleman would produce some
+testimony.
+
+F. H.
+
+{208}
+
+_Battle of Villers-en-Couché_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--A good account of
+this celebrated engagement, with several authentic documents relating to
+what happened on the occasion, will be found in that very interesting
+little work, _Risen from the Ranks_, by the Rev. E. Neale (London,
+Longmans, 1853).
+
+JAMES SPENCE HARRY.
+
+"_I could not love thee, dear, so much_" (Vol. ix., p. 125.).--These lines
+are from an exquisite _morceau_ entitled _To Lucasta, on going to the
+Wars_, by the gay, gallant, and ill-fated cavalier, Richard Lovelace, whose
+undying loyalty and love, and whose life, and every line that he wrote, are
+all redolent of the best days of chivalry. They are to be found in a 12mo.
+volume, _Lucasta_, London, 1649. The entire piece is so short, that I
+venture to subjoin it:
+
+  "Tell me not, sweet, I am unkinde,
+    That from the nunnerie
+  Of thy chaste breast and quiet minde,
+    To warre and armes I flie.
+
+  "True, a new mistresse now I chase,
+    The first foe in the field;
+  And with a stronger faith imbrace
+    A sword, a horse, a shield.
+
+  "Yet this inconstancy is such,
+    As you too shall adore;
+  I could not love thee, deare, so much,
+    Loved I not honour more."
+
+To the honour of Kent be it remembered that Lovelace was       CANTIANUS.
+
+    [We are also indebted for Replies to E. L. HOLT WHITE, GEO. E. FRERE,
+    E. C. H., J. K. R. W., H. J. RAINES, M.D., F. J. SCOTT, W. J. B. SMITH,
+    E. S. T. T., C. B. E., F. E. E., &c. "Lovelace (says Wood) made his
+    amours to a gentlewoman of great beauty and fortune, named Lucy
+    Sacheverel, whom he usually called Lux casta; but she, upon a strong
+    report that he was dead of his wound received at Dunkirk (where he had
+    brought a regiment for the service of the French king), soon after
+    married."--Wood's _Athenæ Oxonienses_, vol. iii. p. 462.]
+
+_Sir Charles Cotterell_ (Vol. viii., p. 564.).--Sir Charles Cotterell, the
+translator of _Cassandra_, was Master of the Ceremonies to Charles II.;
+which office he resigned to his son in 1686, and died about 1687. I cannot
+say where he was buried. I am in possession of a copy of--
+
+    "The Memorialls of Margaret de Valoys, first Wife to Henry the Fourth,
+    King of France and Navarre; compiled in French by her own most delicate
+    and Royal hand, and translated into English by Robert Codrington,
+    Master of Arts: London, printed by R. H. 1661."
+
+It is dedicated to "To the true lover of all good learning, the truly
+honourable Sir Charles Cotterell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies," &c. On
+the fly-leaf of it is written, "Frances Cottrell, her booke, given by my
+honor'd grandfather Sir Cha. Cottrell." This edition is not mentioned by
+Lowndes; he only speaks of one of the date of 1662, with a title slightly
+different.
+
+C--S. T. P.
+
+_Muffins and Crumpets_ (Vol. ix., p. 77).--Crumpet, according to Todd's
+_Johnson_, is derived from A.-S. [Anglo-Saxon: crompeht], which Boswell
+explains, "full of crumples, wrinkled." Perhaps muffin is derived from, or
+connected with, the following:
+
+    "MOFFLET. _Moffletus._ Mofletus Panis delicatioris species, qui diatim
+    distribui solet Canonicis præbendariis; Tolosatibus _Pain Moufflet_,
+    quasi _Pain molet_ dictus; forte quod ejusmodi panes singulis diebus
+    coquantur, atque recentes et teneri distribuantur."--_Du Cange._
+
+The latter part of the description is very applicable to this article.
+
+Under _Panes Præbendarii_, Du Cange says, "Innoc. Cironus observat ejusmodi
+panes Præbendarios dici, et in Tolosano tractu _Moufflets_ appellari." (See
+"N. & Q," Vol. i., pp. 173. 205. 253.)
+
+ZEUS.
+
+Todd, for the derivation of crumpet, gives the Saxon [Anglo-Saxon:
+crompeht]. To _crump_ is to eat a hard cake (Halliwell's _Archaisms_).
+Perhaps its usual accompaniment on the tea-table may be indebted for its
+name to its muff-like softness to the touch before toasting.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+"_Clunk_" (Vol. viii., p. 65.).--The Scotch, and English, _clunk_ must have
+different meanings: for Jamieson defines the verb _to clunk_ "to emit a
+hollow and interrupted sound, as that proceeding from any liquid confined
+in a cask, when shaken, if the cask be not full;" and _to guggle_, as a
+"straight-necked bottle, when it is emptying;" and yet I am inclined to
+believe that the word also signifies _to swallow_, as in England. In the
+humorous ballad of "Rise up and bar the door," _clunk_ seems to be used in
+the sense of to swallow:
+
+  "And first they eat the while puddins, and then they eat the black;
+  The gudeman said within himsel, the Deil _clunk_ ower ai that."
+
+That is, may you swallow the devil with the black puddings, they perhaps
+being the best to the good man's taste. True, I have seen the word printed
+"clink," instead of _clunk_ in this song; but erroneously I think, as there
+is no signification of _clink_ in Jamieson that could be appropriately used
+by the man who saw his favourite puddings devoured before his face. To
+_clink_, means to "beat smartly", to "rivet the point of a nail," to
+"propagate scandal, or any rumour quickly;" none of which significations
+could be substituted for _clunk_ in the ballad.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Picts' Houses_ (Vol. viii., p. 392.).--Such buildings underground as those
+described as Picts' {209} houses, were not uncommon on the borders of the
+Tweed. A number of them, apparently constructed as described, were
+discovered in a field on the farm of Whitsome Hill, Berwickshire, about
+forty years ago. They were supposed to have been made for the detention of
+prisoners taken in the frays during the Border feuds: and afterwards they
+were employed to conceal spirits, smuggled either across the Border, or
+from abroad.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Tailless Cats_ (Vol. ix., p. 10.).--The tailless cats are still procurable
+in the Isle of Man, though many an unfortunate pussey with the tail cut off
+is palmed off as genuine on the unwary. The real tailless breed are rather
+longer in the hind legs than the ordinary cat, and grow to a large size.
+
+P. P.
+
+Though not a Manx man by birth, I can assure your correspondent SHIRLEY
+HIBBERD, that there is not only a species of tailless cats in the Isle of
+Man, but also of tailless barn-door fowls. I believe the latter are also to
+be found in Malta.
+
+E. P. PALING.
+
+Chorley.
+
+"_Cock-and-bull story_" (Vol. v., pp. 414. 447.).--DR. MAITLAND, in his
+somewhat sarcastic remarks respecting "cock-and-bull stories," extracted
+from Mr. Faber's work, has, no doubt, given a true account of the "cock on
+the church steeple, as being symbolical of a doctor or teacher." Still I
+cannot see that this at all explains the expression of a "cock-and-bull
+story." Will DR. MAITLAND be so good as to enlighten me on this point?
+
+I. R. R.
+
+_Market Crosses_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--Does not the marriage at the market
+cross allude simply to the civil marriages in the time of the Commonwealth,
+not alluding to any religious edifice at all? An inspection of many parish
+registers of that period will, I think, prove this.
+
+I. R. R.
+
+"_Largesse_" (Vol. v., p. 557.).--The word _largesse_ is not peculiar to
+Northamptonshire: I well remember it used in Essex at harvest-time, being
+shouted out at such time through the village to ask for a gift, as I always
+understood. A. B. may be referred to _Marmion_, Canto I. note 10.
+
+I. R. R.
+
+_Awkward, Awart, Awalt_ (Vol. viii., p. 310.).--When fat sheep roll over
+upon their backs, and cannot get up of themselves, they are said to be
+lying _awkward_, in some places _awalt_, and in others _awart_. Is
+_awkward_, in this sense, the same word that treated by H. C. K.?
+
+S.
+
+_Morgan Odoherty_ (Vol. viii., p. 11.).--In reference to the remarks of MR.
+J. S. WARDEN on the Morgan Odoherty of Blackwood's _Magazine_, I had
+imagined it was very generally known by literary men that that _nom de
+guerre_ was assumed by the late Captain Hamilton, author of the _Annals of
+the Peninsular Campaigns_, and other works; and brother of Sir William
+Hamilton, Professor of Logic in the University of Edinburgh. I had never
+heard, until mentioned by MR. WARDEN, that Dr. Maginn was ever identified
+with that name.
+
+S.
+
+_Black Rat_ (Vol. vii., p. 206.).--In reply to the question of MR. SHIRLEY
+HIBBERD, whether the original rat of this country is still in existence, I
+may mention, that in the agricultural districts of Forfarshire, the Black
+Rat (_Mus rattus_) was in existence a few years ago. On pulling down the
+remains of an old farm-steading in 1823, after the building of a new one,
+they were there so numerous, that a greyhound I had destroyed no fewer than
+seventy-seven of them in the course of a couple of hours. Having used
+precautions against their lodgment in the new steading, under the floors,
+and on the tops of the party walls, they were effectually banished from the
+farm.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Blue Bells of Scotland_ (Vol. viii., p. 388.).--Your correspondent [Old
+English W]. of Philadelphia is in error in supposing that the beautiful
+song, "Blue Bells of Scotland," was any reference to bells painted blue.
+That charming melody refers to a very common pretty flower in Scotland, the
+_Campanula latifolia_ of Linnæus, the flowers of which are drooping and
+bell-shaped, and of a blue colour.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Grammars, &c. for Public Schools_ (Vol. ix., p. 8., &c.).--Pray add to the
+list a Latin grammar, under the title of _The Common Accidence Improved_,
+by the Rev. Edward Owen, Rector of Warrington, and for fifty years Master
+of the Grammar School founded in that town, under the will of Sir Thomas
+Boteler, on April 27, 1526. I believe it was first published in 1770, but
+the copy now before me is of an edition printed in 1800; and the Preface
+contains a promise (I know not whether afterwards fulfilled) of the early
+publication of the rules, versified on the plan of Busbey and Ruddiman,
+under the title of _Elementa Latina Metrica_.
+
+J. F. M.
+
+_Warville_ (Vol. viii., p. 516.).--As regards the letter _W_, there is a
+distinction to be made between proper names and other words in the French
+language. The exclusion of that letter from the alphabet is sufficient
+proof that there are no words of French origin that begin with it; but the
+proper names in which it figures are common enough in recent times. Of
+these, the greater number have been imported from the neighbouring
+countries of Germany, Switzerland, and {210} Belgium: and some too are of
+local origin or formation.
+
+In the latter category is the name of _Warville_, which is derived from
+Ouarville, near Chartres, where Brissot was born in 1754. Between the
+French _ouar_ and our "war," there is a close similarity of sound; and in
+the spirit of innovation, which characterised the age of Brissot, the
+transition was a matter of easy accomplishment. Hence the _nom de guerre_
+of Warville, by which he was known to his cotemporaries.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+_The Camden Society_ has just issued a volume of domestic letters, which
+contain much curious illustration of the stirring times to which they
+refer. The volume is entitled _Letters of the Lady Brilliana Harley, wife
+of Sir Robert Harley, of Brampton Bryan, Knight of the Bath, with
+Introduction and Notes_, by the Rev. T. T. Lewis. The writer, Lady
+Brilliana, was a daughter of Sir Edward Conway, afterwards Baron Conway,
+and is supposed to have been born whilst her father was Lieut.-Governor of
+the "Brill." The earlier letters (1625-1633) are addressed to her husband,
+the remainder (1638-1643) to her son Edward, during his residence at
+Oxford. The appendix contains several documents of considerable historical
+interest.
+
+_Elements of Jurisprudence_, by C. J. Foster, M.A., Professor of
+Jurisprudence at University College, London, is an able and well-written
+endeavour to settle the principles upon which law is to be founded.
+Believing that law is capable of scientific reduction, Professor Foster has
+in this little work attempted, and with great ability, to show the
+principles upon which he thinks it must be so reduced.
+
+Mr. Croker has reprinted from _The Times_ his correspondence with Lord John
+Russell on some passages of Moore's _Diary_. In the postscript which he has
+added, explanatory of Mr. Moore's acquaintance and correspondence with him,
+Mr. Croker convicts Moore, by passages from his own letters, of writing
+very fulsomely _to_ Mr. Croker, at the same time that he was writing very
+sneeringly _of_ him.
+
+A three days' sale of very fine books, from the library of a collector, was
+concluded on Wednesday the 22nd ult. by Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson, at
+their house in Wellington Street. The following prices of some of the more
+rare and curious lots exhibit a high state of bibliographical prosperity,
+notwithstanding the gloomy aspect of these critical times:--Lot 23,
+Biographie Universelle, fine paper, 52 vols., 29l.; lot 82, Donne's Poems,
+a fine large copy, 7l. 10s.; lot 90, Drummond of Hawthornden's Poems, 6l.;
+lot 137, Book of Christian Prayers, known as Queen Elizabeth's Prayer Book,
+10l.; lot 53, a fine copy of Coryat's Crudities, 10l. 15s.; lot 184,
+Breydenbach, Sanctarum Peregrinationum in Montem Syon, first edition, 15l.
+15s.; lot 190, the Book of Fayttes of Armes and Chyvalry, by Caxton, with
+two leaves in fac-simile, 77l.; lot 192, Chaucer's Works, the edition of
+1542, 10l. 5s.; lot 200, Dugdale's Warwickshire, 13l. 10s.; lot 293, a
+gorgeous Oriental Manuscript from the Palace of Tippoo Saib, enriched with
+157 large paintings, full of subject, 112l.; lot 240, Horæ Virginis Mariæ,
+a charming Flemish Manuscript, with 12 exquisite illuminations of a high
+class, 100l.; lot 229, Milton's Minor Poems, first edition, 6l. 6s.; lot
+315, Navarre Nouvelles, fine paper, 5l. 5s.; lot 326, Fenton's Certaine
+Tragicall Discourses, first edition, 11l.; lot 330, Gascoigne's
+Pleasauntest Workes, fine copy, 14l.; lot 344, Horæ Virginis Mariæ,
+beautifully printed upon vellum, by Kerver, 26l.; lot 347, Latimer's
+Sermons, Daye, 1571, 14l.; lot 364, Milton's Comus, first edition, 10l.
+10s.; lot 365, Milton's Paradise Lost, first edition, 12l. 17s. 6d.; lot
+376, The Shah Nameh, a fine Persian manuscript, 10l. 12s. 6d.; lot 379,
+Froissart Chroniques, first edition, 22l. 15s.; lot 381, a fine copy of
+Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, five vols., 69l.; lot 390, the original
+edition of Holinshed's Chronicles, 16l. 10s.; lot 401, Lancelot du Lac,
+Chevalier de la Table Ronde, Petit, 1533, 16l.; lot 406, the original
+edition of Laud's Book of Common Prayer, 12l. 15s.; lot 412, Meliadus de
+Leonnoys, a romance of the round table, 11l.; lot 417, a superb copy of
+Montfaucon's Works, with the La Monarchie Française, 50l.; lot 418, Works
+of Sir Thomas More, with the rare leaf, 14l. 5s.; lot 563, Shakspeare's
+Life of Sir John Oldcastle, 11l.; lot 564, A Midsomer Night's Dream (1600),
+18l. 5s.; lot 611, Shakspeare's Comedies, fine copy of the second edition,
+28l.; lot 599, the celebrated Letter of Cardinal Pole, printed on large
+paper, of which two copies only are known, 64l.; lot 601, Purchas, his
+Pilgrimes, five vols., a fine copy, with the rare frontispiece, 65l. 10s.
+The 634 lots produced 2,616l. 4s. 6d.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Dante translated into English Verse_, by J. C. Wright,
+M.A., with Thirty-four Engravings on Steel, after Flaxman. This new volume
+of Bohn's _Illustrated Library_ is one of those marvels of cheapness with
+which Mr. Bohn ever and anon surprises us.--_Curiosities of Bristol and its
+Neighborhood_, Nos. I.-V., is a sort of local "N. & Q," calculated to
+interest not Bristolians only.--_Poetical Works of John Dryden_, edited by
+Robert Bell, Vol. II., forms the new volume of the _Annotated Edition of
+the English Poets.--The Carafas of Maddaloni: Naples under Spanish
+Dominion_, the new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_, is a translation
+from a German work of considerable research by Alfred Reumont.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+SCHILLER'S POEMS, translated by Merivale.
+
+S. N. COLERIDGE'S BIOGRAPHIA LITERARIA.
+
+---- ESSAYS ON HIS OWN TIMES.
+
+---- POEMS. 1 Vol.
+
+---- CONFESSIONS OF AN INQUIRING SPIRIT.
+
+THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
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+
+{211}
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+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
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+PERCY SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS. Nos. XCIII. and XCIV.
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+SCRAPBOOK OF LITERARY VARIETIES, AND MIRROR OF INSTRUCTION, &c. Prose,
+Verse, and Engravings. Lacy, 76. St. Paul's Churchyard. 8vo. 424 pp.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. G. T. Driffield_, Bow, Middlesex.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CAMBRIDGE INSTALLATION ODE, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth. 4to. Edition.
+
+KITCHENER'S ECONOMY OF THE EYES. Part II.
+
+BROWN'S ANECDOTES OF DOGS.
+
+---------------- OF ANIMALS.
+
+  Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MASTERMAN READY. Vol. I. First Edition.
+
+SWIFT'S WORKS. Vol. XIII. London, 1747.
+
+  Wanted by _W. H. Bliss_, Hursley, Winchester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+F. T. _The characteristic description of_ The Weekly Pacquet, _by the
+author of the continuation of Sir James Mackintosh's_ History of England,
+_seems perfectly just. We had marked for quotation, as a sample of its
+virulent tone, "The Ceremony and Manner of Baptizing Antichrist," in No.
+6., p. 47.; but we found its ribaldry would occupy too much of our valuable
+space, and after all would perhaps not elicit one Protestant clap of
+applause even at Exeter Hall._
+
+JOHN WESTON. _The insertion of paginal figures to the Advertisement pages
+of "N. & Q." was considered at the time the change was made, when it was
+hinted to us that many of our subscribers would wish to retain those pages.
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+FOREIGNER. _The Canon inquired after will be found to be the 18th of the
+"Constitutions and Canons Ecclesiastical, A.D. 1603." Its partial
+observance complained of by our Correspondent has been of late years
+frequently discussed in the various Church periodicals and newspapers,
+especially in the_ British Magazine, vols. xviii., xix., _and_ xx. _See
+also the official judgment of the Bishop of London on this Canon in his_
+Charge _of 1842_, p. 43.
+
+PRIMERS OF THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH.--_With reference to the article under
+this heading in last week's Number, we have been reminded that the_
+Liturgies and Private Prayers _put forth by authority during the reign of
+Elizabeth, which were reprinted by the_ Parker Society, _have been sold by
+that Society to Mr. Brown, of Old Street, and may be purchased of him at a
+very moderate price. The introductions contain much valuable information._
+
+COMUS. _We cannot learn that there is an edition of_ Locke on the
+Understanding _epitomised published at Oxford. There is one in the_ London
+Catalogue, _published some years ago by Whittaker and Co., price 4s. 6d.,
+which may perhaps still be had._
+
+A BORDERER. _Our Correspondent_ MR. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY _wishes to address
+a letter to_ A BORDERER; _how will it reach him?_
+
+FRANCIS BEAUFORT. Biblia Sacra Latina, _two volumes in one, printed by R.
+Rodt and B. Richel circa 1471, folio, was bought by Thorpe for 4l. 4s. at
+the sale of the Duke of Sussex's library._
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS _asks "Whence the term 'Mare's nest,' and when first
+used?"_
+
+HUGH HENDERSON (Glasgow). _It is not needful to use any iodide of silver in
+the iodizing of collodion, or to make any change in the ordinary 30-grain
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+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,
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+MESSRS. UPHAM & BEET (late RODWELL) having recently made great addition to
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+Just ready, in fcap. 8vo., with six etchings, designed by GILLRAY, now
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+
+THE POETRY OF THE ANTI-JACOBIN; comprising the celebrated Political and
+Satirical Poems, Ballads, Songs, Parodies, and Jeux d'Esprit of the RT.
+HON. G. CANNING, EARL OF CARLISLE, MARQUIS WELLESLEY, RT. HON. J. H. FRERE,
+G. ELLIS, W. GIFFORD, RT. HON. W. PITT, and others. With Explanatory Notes,
+the Originals of the Parodies, a History of the Work, and a complete List
+of the Authors. By CHARLES EDMONDS. SECOND EDITION, considerably enlarged.
+
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+
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+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.
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+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
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+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
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+
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+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Prices, and Description of
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+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
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+1854.
+
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+4, 1854, by Various
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+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 227, March 4, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 227, March 4, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: December 24, 2008 [EBook #27605]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, MARCH 4, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 189 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page189"></a>{189}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 227.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, March 4. 1854.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy," by Dr. E. F. Rimbault</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page191">191</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"<span title="Aiôn" class="grk">&Alpha;&iota;&omega;&nu;</span>,"
+      its Derivation</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page192">192</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>William Lyons, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page192">192</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Curious Marriage Agreement</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page193">193</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Ancient American Languages, by K. R. H. Mackenzie</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page194">194</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Conduitt and Newton, by Bolton Corney</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page195">195</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;The Music in
+      Middleton's Tragi-Comedy of the "Witch"&mdash;Mr. Macaulay and Sir
+      Archibald Alison in error&mdash;"Paid down upon the
+      nail"&mdash;Corpulence a Crime&mdash;Curious Tender&mdash;The Year
+      1854&mdash;A Significant Hint</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page196">196</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Literary Queries, by the Rev. R. Bingham</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page197">197</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Hunter of Polmood in
+      Tweed-dale&mdash;Dinteville Family&mdash;Eastern Practice of
+      Medicine&mdash;Sunday&mdash;Three Picture Queries&mdash;"Cutting off
+      with a Shilling"&mdash;Inman or Ingman Family&mdash;Constable of
+      Masham&mdash;Fading Ink&mdash;Sir Ralph Killigrew</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page198">198</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with
+      Answers</span>:&mdash;Pepys&mdash;"Retainers to Seven Shares and a
+      Half"&mdash;Madden's "Reflections and Resolutions proper for the
+      Gentlemen of Ireland"&mdash;King Edward I.'s Arm&mdash;Elstob,
+      Elizabeth&mdash;Monumental Brasses in London</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page199">199</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Rapping no Novelty: and Table-turning, by Wm. Winthrop,
+      &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page200">200</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>General Whitelocke, by J. S. Harry, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page201">201</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"Man proposes, but God disposes," by J. W. Thomas, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page202">202</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Napoleon's Spelling, by H. H. Breen</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page203">203</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page204">204</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Myrtle Bee, by Charles Brown</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page205">205</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Celtic Etymology</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page205">205</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic
+      Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Improvements in the Albumenized
+      Process&mdash;Mr. Crookes on restoring old
+      Collodion&mdash;Photographic Queries</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page206">206</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;London
+      Fortifications&mdash;Burke's Domestic Correspondence&mdash;Battle of
+      Villers-en-Couché&mdash;"I could not love thee, dear, so
+      much"&mdash;Sir Charles Cotterell&mdash;Muffins and
+      Crumpets&mdash;"Clunk"&mdash;Picts' Houses&mdash;Tailless
+      Cats&mdash;"Cock-and-bull story"&mdash;Market
+      Crosses&mdash;"Largesse"&mdash;Awkward, Awart, Awalt&mdash;Morgan
+      Odoherty&mdash;Black Rat&mdash;Blue Bells of Scotland&mdash;Grammars,
+      &amp;c. for Public Schools&mdash;Warville</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page207">207</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page210">210</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page210">210</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page211">211</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Standard Library for March.</span></p>
+
+  <p>COWPER'S COMPLETE WORKS, edited by SOUTHEY: comprising his Poems,
+  Correspondence, and Translations; with Memoir. Illustrated with Fifty
+  fine Engravings on Steel, after designs by Harvey. To be completed in 8
+  vols. Vol. III., continuation of Memoir and Correspondence. Post 8vo.,
+  cloth, 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's British Classics for March.</span></p>
+
+  <p>ADDISON'S WORKS, with the Notes of BISHOP HURD. In Four Volumes. With
+  Portrait and Engravings on Steel. Vol. II. Post 8vo., cloth, 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Classical Library for March.</span></p>
+
+  <p>ATHENÆUS. The Deipnosophists, or the Banquet of the Learned,
+  translated by C.&nbsp;D. YONGE, B.A., with an Appendix of Poetical Fragments
+  rendered into English Verse by various Authors, and General Index.
+  Complete in 3 vols. Vols. II. and III. Post 8vo. Cloth, 5<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Illustrated Library for March.</span></p>
+
+  <p>MUDIE'S BRITISH BIRDS, or History of the Feathered Tribes of the
+  British Islands. Fifth edition, revised by W.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;L. MARTIN, ESQ. Complete
+  in 2 vols. post 8vo. Illustrated with 28 Plates, containing 52 Figures of
+  Birds, and 7 additional Plates of Eggs. Cloth, 5<i>s.</i> per volume; or,
+  WITH THE PLATES COLOURED, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per vol.</p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Antiquarian Library for March.</span></p>
+
+  <p>INGULPH'S CHRONICLE OF THE ABBEY OF CROYLAND, with the Continuations
+  by Peter of Blois and other Writers. Translated, with Notes and an Index,
+  by H.&nbsp;T. RILEY, B.A. Complete in 1 vol. post 8vo. Cloth 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO BOOK-BUYERS.&mdash;Just published, gratis, Part XIII., CATALOGUE of
+  SECOND-HAND BOOKS in the various Classes of English Literature (including
+  Numerous Illustrated Works) in excellent Condition and at very Low
+  Prices.</p>
+
+  <p>W. J. CRAWFORD (Successor to the late J. DOWDING), 82. Newgate Street,
+  London.</p>
+
+  <p>*** If required by Post, a Stamp to be forwarded.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>VALUABLE BOOKS, FOR SALE BY THOMAS KERSLAKE, BOOKSELLER, BRISTOL.</p>
+
+  <p>ART UNION JOURNAL, complete from the Beginning 1839 to Dec. 1853. Very
+  fine Plates. 4to. 14<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>CHALMERS'S BRITISH POETS. Royal 8vo., 21 vols., bds., uncut.
+  8<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>CHALMERS'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 8vo., 32 vols., bound in 16, half
+  vell., 7<i>l.</i> 16<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A CIRCULATING LIBRARY, including Works of MARRYATT, D'ISRAELI,
+  BLESSINGTON, HOOKE, &amp;c., &amp;c., &amp;c., and others of the best
+  MODERN NOVELS, mostly in good half-binding, being 448 vols., besides 32
+  vols. of broken sets, 18<i>l.</i> 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>O'CONOR (C., D.D.), RERUM HIBERNICARUM SCRIPTORES. 4to., 4 vols., fine
+  set, russia, extra gilt, gilt edges, 18<i>l.</i> 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>DRYDEN'S WORKS, by SCOTT, 1808. Post 8vo., 18 vols., half calf, neat,
+  8<i>l.</i> 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>GEOLOGICAL TRANSACTIONS, 1807-1835. Many coloured Plates. 4to., 8
+  vols., calf, neat, 12<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>MANNING AND BRAY'S SURREY. 3 vols., half russia, 10<i>l.</i>
+  10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>MURCHISON'S SILURIAN SYSTEM. 4to., 2 vols., with the large separate
+  Map. 6<i>l.</i> 16<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>NICHOLS'S LITERARY ANECDOTES, and ILLUSTRATIONS, 1812-1848. 8vo., 17
+  vols., in 16, calf extra, gilt, a very handsome set with uncut edges,
+  13<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>PAXTON'S MAGAZINE OF BOTANY. 800 Coloured Plates, and above 1200 Wood
+  Engravings. Royal 8vo., 16 vols., complete, handsomely bound, half
+  morocco, gilt edges. 15<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>PIRANESI OPERE, about 2,000 Plates, atlas folio, a complete set, bound
+  in 23 vols., half russia, gilt, 60 guineas.</p>
+
+  <p>QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1809 to 1829, with INDEXES. 8vo., 85 vols., half
+  calf, neat, uniform, 12<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. 16 vols., half morocco, neat, 3<i>l.</i>
+  18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF PAINTERS, with Supplement, 1829-42. Royal 8vo., 9
+  vols., 8<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>STRYPE'S WORKS. 8vo., 27 vols., calf extra, gilt, uniform, a beautiful
+  set. 16<i>l.</i> 16<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>*** It will be necessary to order direct from the Advertiser. The NET
+  CASH PRICES being fixed, there can be no commission nor discount to
+  Booksellers or Agents.</p>
+
+  <p>THOMAS KERSLAKE, BRISTOL.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 190 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page190"></a>{190}</span></p>
+
+  <p>The FIRST VOLUME is now Ready, with Portrait of Miss Burney, price
+  3<i>s.</i>, of a CHEAP EDITION OF</p>
+
+  <p>MADAME D'ARBLAY'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.</p>
+
+  <p>INCLUDING THE PERIOD OF HER RESIDENCE AT THE COURT OF QUEEN
+  CHARLOTTE.</p>
+
+  <p>To be completed in Seven Monthly Volumes, price only 3<i>s.</i> each,
+  elegantly bound, embellished with Portraits.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Miss Burney's work ought to be placed beside Boswell's 'Life,' to
+  which it forms an excellent supplement."&mdash;<i>Times.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"Madame D'Arblay lived to be a classic. Her Diary is written in her
+  best manner. It ought to be consulted by every person who wishes to be
+  well acquainted with the history of our literature and our
+  manners."&mdash;<i>Edinburgh Review.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST &amp; BLACKETT,
+  13. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>NOTICE.</p>
+
+  <p>PEPYS' DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.</p>
+
+  <p>THE NEW AND IMPROVED LIBRARY EDITION of this Popular Work, in 4 vols.
+  demy 8vo., price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per vol., illustrated with
+  Portraits and other Plates, and with numerous additional Letters, Notes,
+  &amp;c. &amp;c. Edited by LORD BRAYBROOKE, is NOW READY.</p>
+
+  <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST &amp; BLACKETT,
+  13. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>NOTICE.</p>
+
+  <p>BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE.</p>
+
+  <p>THE GREATLY IMPROVED AND CORRECTED EDITION</p>
+
+  <p><b>For 1854</b>,</p>
+
+  <p>IS NOW READY.</p>
+
+  <p>Orders received by all Booksellers.</p>
+
+  <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST &amp; BLACKETT,
+  13. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR MARCH contains the following
+  articles:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Lord John Russell's Life of Fox.</p>
+      <p>Grotius on War and Peace.</p>
+      <p>Rhine-Land and its Romance.</p>
+      <p>Paula and Eustochium.</p>
+      <p>The Oxford Septuagint.</p>
+      <p>Monuments of the English Republican Refugees at Vevays.</p>
+      <p>Cervantes and his Writings.</p>
+      <p>The New Patron Saint of Amiens.</p>
+      <p>Ruined Cities in America.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>With Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban, Notes of the Month, Historical
+  and Miscellaneous Reviews, Reports of Archæological Societies, Historical
+  Chronicle, and <span class="sc">Obituary</span>; including Memoirs of
+  Viscount Beresford, Hon. Dr. Clive, Gen. Sir Thomas Bradford, Rev. Dr.
+  F.&nbsp;A. Cox, Rev. William Jay, B.&nbsp;L. Vulliamy, Esq., &amp;c. Price
+  2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>NICHOLS &amp; SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now publishing, in SIX VOLUMES, OCTAVO (containing 7,215 Pages), price
+  2<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+  <p>MATTHEW HENRY'S COMMENTARY ON THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS. To which is
+  prefixed a Life of the Author, with Introductory Remarks, &amp;c. Also,
+  Four of his Sermons, viz.</p>
+
+  <p>I. A Sermon on Family Religion.&mdash;II. How to begin every Day with
+  God.&mdash;III. How to spend every Day with God.&mdash;IV. How to close
+  every Day with God.</p>
+
+  <p>An invaluable Present from a Parent to his Family on their Settling in
+  Life.</p>
+
+  <p>London: P. P. THOMS, Warwick Square. Sold by all Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH POETS.</p>
+
+  <p>BY ROBERT BELL.</p>
+
+  <p>In Monthly Volumes, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each in cloth.</p>
+
+  <p>This Day, the Second Volume, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, of the POETICAL
+  WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN, with historical and Illustrative Notes. By ROBERT
+  BELL.</p>
+
+  <p>Already published, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each,</p>
+
+  <p>POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN, Vol. I., with Memoir, containing New
+  Facts and Original Letters of the Poet.</p>
+
+  <p>POETICAL WORKS OF THE EARL OF SURREY, OF MINOR CONTEMPORANEOUS POETS,
+  and of SACKVILLE, LORD BUCKHURST. With Notes and Memoirs.</p>
+
+  <p>On the 1st of April,</p>
+
+  <p>POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM COWPER, Vol. I.</p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This Day, 8vo., 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE MEDITERRANEAN: A Memoir. Physical, Historical, and Nautical. By
+  REAR-ADMIRAL W.&nbsp;H. SMYTH, D.C.L., Foreign Secretary of the Royal
+  Society.</p>
+
+  <p>By the same Author,</p>
+
+  <p>Two Volumes, 8vo., with numerous Illustrations. 2<i>l.</i>
+  2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>CYCLE OF CELESTIAL OBJECTS.</p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR MARCH, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, or by post
+  3<i>s.</i>, contains:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>The Plurality of Worlds.</p>
+      <p>Villemain's Memoirs.</p>
+      <p>A Day's Curling.</p>
+      <p>Gallinaceana. &mdash; Peacocks and Guinea Fowls.</p>
+      <p>A Pageant which meant something.</p>
+      <p>General Bounce: or, The Lady and the Locusts.</p>
+      <p class="i1">By the Author of "Digby Grand."</p>
+      <p class="i1">Chaps. V. and VI.</p>
+      <p>The British Jews:&mdash;A Letter to the Editor.</p>
+      <p>Sinope after the Battle.</p>
+      <p>The Decline and Fall of the Corporation of</p>
+      <p class="i1">London.&mdash;III. The Corporation as Suitors,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Justices, and Judges.</p>
+      <p>Beaumarchais.</p>
+      <p>Researches in Dutch Literature.&mdash;No. II.</p>
+      <p>Oxford Reform and Oxford Professors.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
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+
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+  Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old
+  books.</p>
+
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+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 191 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page191"></a>{191}</span></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1854.</i></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>BURTON'S "ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY."</h3>
+
+  <p>In this age of "new editions," it is a wonder that no one has favoured
+  the public with a reprint, with notes <i>variorum</i>, of this celebrated
+  English classic.</p>
+
+  <p>Dr. Dibdin, in a note to his edition of More's <i>Utopia</i>, vol. ii.
+  p. 97., says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Whoever will be at the trouble of consulting Part II, sect. <span
+  class="scac">IV.</span> memb.. i. subsect. 4. of the last folio edition
+  of Burton [1676], will see how it varies from the first folio of 1624;
+  and will, in consequence, regret the omission of the notice of these
+  variations in the octavo editions of Burton recently published."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The octavo editions here referred to are those of 1800 and 1806; the
+  latter, I believe, edited by Edward Du Bois. The folio of 1676 is, in all
+  probability, an exact reprint of that of 1651, which certainly differs
+  considerably from those of an earlier date. Henry Cripps, the publisher
+  of the edition of 1651, has the following notice:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<i>To the Reader.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Be pleased to know (courteous Reader) that since the last impression
+  of this Book, the ingenuous author of it is deceased, leaving a copy of
+  it exactly corrected, with several considerable additions by his own
+  hand. This copy he committed to my care and custody, with directions to
+  have those additions inserted in the next edition; which, in order to his
+  command and the publicke good, is faithfully performed in this last
+  impression.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. C."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Modern writers have been deeply indebted to old Robert Burton; but he,
+  in his turn, was equally indebted to earlier writers. Dr. Dibdin
+  remarks:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I suspect that Burton, the author of the <i>Anatomy of
+  Melancholy</i>, was intimately acquainted with Boiastuan's book as
+  translated by Alday; for there are passages in Burton's 'Love Melancholy'
+  (the most extraordinary and amusing part of his work), which bear a very
+  strong resemblance to many in the 'Gests and Countenances ridiculous of
+  Lovers,' at p. 195 of Boiastuan's <i>Theatre, or Rule of the
+  World</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The title of the curious book mentioned in this extract is&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Theatrum Mundi. Theatre, or Rule of the World: Wherein may bee seene
+  the running Race and Course of everie Mannes Lyfe, as touching Miserie
+  and Felicitie: whereunto is added a learned Worke of the excellencie of
+  Man. Written in French by Peter Boiastuan. Translated by John Alday.
+  Printed by Thomas East, for John Wright, 8vo. 1582."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>But Burton was more indebted to another work, very similar in title
+  and matter to his own; I mean Dr. Bright's curious little volume, of
+  which I transcribe the title-page in full:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A Treatise of Melancholy: contayning the Causes thereof, and reasons
+  of the strange Effects it worketh in our Minds and Bodies; with the
+  Phisicke Cure, and Spirituall Consolation for such as have thereto
+  adjoyned afflicted Conscience. The difference betwixt it and Melancholy,
+  with diverse philosophical Discourses touching Actions, and Affections of
+  Soule, Spirit, and Body: the Particulars whereof are to be seene before
+  the Booke. By T. Bright, Doctor of Phisicke. Imprinted at London by John
+  Windet, sm. 8vo. 1586."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It has been remarked that Burton does not acknowledge his obligations
+  to Bright. This, however, is not strictly true, as the former
+  acknowledges <i>several quotations</i> in the course of his work. It
+  would certainly be desirable, in the event of a new edition of the
+  <i>Anatomy</i>, that a comparison of the two books should be made. As a
+  beginning towards this end, I subjoin a table of the contents of Bright's
+  <i>Treatise</i>, with a notice of some similar passages in Burton's
+  <i>Anatomy</i>, arranged in parallel columns.</p>
+
+  <p>I may just add, that Bright's <i>Treatise</i> consists of 276 pages,
+  exclusive of a dedication "To the Right Worshipful M. Peter Osborne,"
+  &amp;c. (dated from "Little S. Bartlemews by Smithfield, the 13 of May,
+  1586"); and an address "To his Melancholick Friend M."</p>
+
+  <p>All that is known of his biography has been collected by the Rev.
+  Joseph Hunter, and communicated to the last edition of Wood's <i>Athenæ
+  Oxonienses</i>, vol. ii. p. 174. <i>note</i>.</p>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nobctr" summary="table" title="table">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Bright's "Treatise of Melancholy,"</span>
+      1586.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy,"</span> edit.
+      1651.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center">
+      <p><i>The Contentes of the Booke according to the Chapters.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center">
+      <p><i>Parallel Sections.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>1. How diversely the word Melancholy is taken.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Definition of Melancholy: name, difference.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>2. The causes of natural melancholy, and of the excesse
+      thereof.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>The causes of melancholy.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>3. Whether good nourishment breede melancholy, by fault of the
+      body turning it into melancholy: and whether such humour is found in
+      nourishments, or rather is made of them.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Customs of dyet, delight, appetite, accessity: how they cause or
+      hinder.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>4. The aunswere to objections made against the breeding of
+      melancholicke humour out of nourishment.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Dyet rectified in substance.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>5. A more particular and farther answere to the former
+      objections.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>6. The causes of the increase and excesse of melancholicke
+      humour.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Immediate cause of these precedent symptomes.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>7. Of the melancholicke excrement.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Of the matter of melancholy.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>8. What burnt choller is, and the causes thereof.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>9. How melancholie worketh fearful passions in the mind.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Symptomes or signes in the mind.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>10. How the body affecteth the soule.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Of the soul and her faculties.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>11. Objections againste the manner how the body affecteth the
+      soule, with answere thereunto.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>12. A farther answere to the former objections, and of the simple
+      facultie of the soule, and onely organicall of spirit and body.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>13. How the soule, by one simple facultie, performeth so many and
+      diverse actions.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+<p><!-- Page 192 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page192"></a>{192}</span></p>
+
+      <p>14. The particular answeres to the objections made in the 11th
+      chapter.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>15. Whether perturbations rise of humour or not, with a division
+      of the perturbations.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Division of perturbations.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>16. Whether perturbations which are not moved by outward occasions
+      rise of humour or not: and how?</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>17. How melancholie procureth feare, sadnes, despaire, and such
+      passions.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Sorrow, fear, envy, hatred, malice, anger, &amp;c. causes.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>18. Of the unnaturall melancholie rising by adjustion: how it
+      affecteth us with diverse passions.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Symptomes of head-melancholy.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>19. How sickness and yeares seeme to alter the mind, and the
+      cause: and how the soule hath practise of senses separated from the
+      body.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Continent, inward, antecedent, next causes, and how the body works
+      on the mind.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>20. The accidentes which befall melancholie persons.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>An heap of other accidents causing melancholy.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>21. How melancholie altereth the qualities of the body.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Distemperature of particular parts.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>22. How melancholie altereth those actions which rise out of the
+      braine.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>23. How affections be altered.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>24. The causes of teares, and their saltnes.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>25. Why teares endure not all the time of the cause: and why in
+      weeping commonly the finger is put in the eie.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>26. Of the partes of weeping: why the countenance is cast down,
+      the forehead lowreth, the nose droppeth, the lippe trembleth,
+      &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>27. The causes of sobbing and sighing: and how weeping easeth the
+      heart.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>28. How melancholie easeth both weeping and laughing, with the
+      reasons why.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>29. The causes of blushing and bashfulness, and why melancholie
+      persons are given therunto.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Causes of these symptomes [<i>i.e.</i> bashfulness and
+      blushing].</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>30. Of the naturall actions altered by melancholie.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>31. How melancholie altereth the naturall workes of the body:
+      juice and excrement.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Symptomes of melancholy abounding in the whole body.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>32. Of the affliction of conscience for sinne.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Guilty conscience for offence committed.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>33. Whether the afflicted conscience be of melancholie.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>34. The particular difference betwixt melancholie and the
+      afflicted conscience in the same person.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>How melancholy and despair differ.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>35. The affliction of mind: to what persons it befalleth, and by
+      what means.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Passions and perturbations of the mind; how they cause
+      melancholy.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>36. A consolation to the afflicted conscience.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>37. The cure of melancholie; and how melancholicke persons are to
+      order themselves in actions of minde, sense, and motion.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Cure of melancholy over all the body.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>38. How melancholicke persons are to order themselves in their
+      affections.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Perturbations of the mind rectified.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>39. How melancholicke persons are to order themselves in the rest
+      of their diet, and what choice they are to make of ayre, meate, and
+      drinke, house, and apparell.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Dyet rectified; ayre rectified, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>40. The cure by medicine meete for melancholicke persons.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Of physick which cureth with medicines.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightb" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>41. The manner of strengthening melancholicke persons after
+      purging: with correction of some of their accidents.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Correctors of accidents to procure sleep.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>"<span title="Aiôn" class="grk">&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>," ITS DERIVATION.</h3>
+
+  <p>As the old postulate respecting the etymology of this important word,
+  from <span title="aeiôn" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F00;&epsilon;&#x1F76;&#x1F62;&nu;</span>, however superficial, is
+  too attractive to be surrendered, even in the present day, by some
+  respectable authorities, the judgment of your classical correspondents is
+  requested, as to the accuracy of the more philosophical origin of the
+  term which has been adopted by commentators of unquestionable erudition
+  and undisputed eminence.</p>
+
+  <p>The rule by which those distinguished scholars, Lennep and Scheidius,
+  determine the etymology of <span title="Aiôn" class="grk"
+  >&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>, is as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nomina in <span title="ôn" class="grk">&omega;&nu;</span> desinentia,
+  formata ab aliis nominibus, <i>collectiva</i> sunt, sive <i>copiam</i>
+  earum rerum, quæ <i>primitivo</i> designantur notant&mdash;ut sunt <span
+  title="dendrôn" class="grk"
+  >&delta;&epsilon;&nu;&delta;&rho;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>, a <span
+  title="dendron" class="grk"
+  >&delta;&#x1F73;&nu;&delta;&rho;&omicron;&nu;</span>, arboretum; <span
+  title="Elaiôn" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F18;&lambda;&alpha;&iota;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>, olivetum, ab <span
+  title="Elaion" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F1C;&lambda;&alpha;&iota;&omicron;&nu;</span>; <span title="Rhodôn" class="grk"
+  >&#x1FEC;&omicron;&delta;&#x1FF6;&nu;</span>, rosetum, a <span
+  title="rhodon" class="grk">&#x1FE5;&#x1F79;&delta;&omicron;&nu;</span>
+  (also the nouns <span title="ankôn, agôn, akremôn, bonbôn, paiôn, ploutôn, pôgôn, chitôn" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F00;&gamma;&kappa;&#x1F7C;&nu;, &#x1F00;&gamma;&#x1F7C;&nu;,
+  &#x1F00;&kappa;&rho;&#x1F73;&mu;&omega;&nu;,
+  &beta;&omicron;&nu;&beta;&#x1F7C;&nu;, &pi;&alpha;&iota;&#x1F7C;&nu;,
+  &pi;&lambda;&omicron;&#x1F7B;&tau;&omega;&nu;,
+  &pi;&#x1F7D;&gamma;&omega;&nu;,
+  &chi;&iota;&tau;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>).&mdash;Nempe formata videntur hæc
+  nomina in <span title="ôn" class="grk">&omega;&nu;</span>, a genitivis
+  pluralibus substantivorum. Genitivus singularis horum nominum, in <span
+  title="ônos" class="grk">&omega;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>,
+  contractione sua, hanc originem satis videtur demonstrare."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In immediate reference to the word <span title="Aiôn" class="grk"
+  >&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>, they say:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span title="Aiôn" class="grk">&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>,
+  Ævum, Æternitas. Nomen ex eo genere, quod natura sua <i>collectionem</i>
+  et <i>multitudinem</i> rerum notat; ut patet ex terminatione <span
+  title="ôn" class="grk">&omega;&nu;</span>. Quemadmodum in voce <span
+  title="aei" class="grk">&#x1F00;&epsilon;&#x1F76;</span>, vidimus eam
+  esse translatam eximie ad significationem <i>temporis</i>, ab illa
+  flandi, spirandive, quæ est in origine <span title="aô" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F04;&omega;</span>; sic in nostro <span title="Aiôn" class="grk"
+  >&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span> eadem translationis ratio locum
+  habet; ut adeo quasi <i>temporum collectionem</i>, vel
+  <i>multitudinem</i> significet. A qua denuo significatione propriâ
+  profectæ sunt eæ, quibus vel <i>ævum</i>, vel <i>æternitatem</i>, vel
+  <i>hominis ætatem</i> descripsere veteres. Formata (vox) est a nomine
+  inusitato <span title="Aios" class="grk"
+  >&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F78;&sigmaf;</span>, vel <span title="Aïos" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F08;&#x3CA;&#x1F78;&sigmaf;</span>, quod ab <span title="aïs" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F04;&#x3CA;&sigmaf;</span>, cujus naturam, in voce <span title="aei" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F00;&epsilon;&#x1F76;</span>, expossi. Cæterum, a Græco nostro <span
+  title="Aiôn" class="grk">&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>, interposito
+  digammate Æolico, ortum, est <span title="Aiwôn" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F08;&#x1F30;&#x3DC;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>, et hinc Lat. ævum."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>As then it is impossible to place <span title="Aiôn" class="grk"
+  >&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>, whose genitive is <span
+  title="Aiônos" class="grk"
+  >&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1FF6;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>, in the same
+  category with the derivatives from <span title="ôn" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F62;&nu;</span>, the participle present of <span title="Eimi" class="grk"
+  >&Epsilon;&#x1F30;&mu;&#x1F76;</span>, whose genitive is <span
+  title="ontos" class="grk">&#x1F44;&nu;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>; and
+  as, secondly, this derivation places the word out of the range of the
+  collective nouns so declined, which are derived from other nouns, as this
+  appears to be, can the real etymology of the word <span title="Aiôn" class="grk"
+  >&Alpha;&#x1F30;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span>, and its derivatives, remain any
+  longer a matter of question and debate?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. H. P.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>WILLIAM LYON, BISHOP OF CORK, CLOYNE, AND
+ROSS.</h3>
+
+  <p>It is very generally believed that Dr. William Lyon (not Lyons, as he
+  is sometimes called) was originally in the navy; that having
+  distinguished himself in several actions against the Spaniards, he was
+  promised by Queen Elizabeth the first crown appointment that should be
+  vacant; and that this happening to be the see of Cork, he was appointed
+  to it. This is mentioned in other works as well as in Mr. Crofton
+  Croker's very agreeable <i>Researches in the South of Ireland</i>, p.
+  248.; and I have more than once heard it given as a remarkable instance
+  of church preferment. <!-- Page 193 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page193"></a>{193}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Sir James Ware informs us that Bishop Lyon was Vicar of Naas in 1573,
+  Vicar of Brandanston in 1580, and chaplain to Lord Grey, who was sent to
+  Ireland as Lord Deputy in September, 1580. This is inconsistent with the
+  statement, that Queen Elizabeth took him from the quarter-deck to make
+  him a bishop, inasmuch as he was in holy orders, and in possession of
+  preferment in Ireland, nearly ten years before he was raised to the
+  highest order in the ministry. If, therefore, he was ever distinguished
+  for gallantry in naval warfare, it must have been before 1573; for we
+  have no reason to suppose that the Rev. George Walker, the hero of
+  Londonderry, had him as an example. But, as no action with the Spaniards
+  could have taken place prior to 1577, how is this to be reconciled with
+  the common account, that his gallantry against them attracted the notice
+  of the queen? In a miscellaneous compilation, entitled <i>Jefferson's
+  Selections</i> (published in York in 1795, and indebted for its
+  information about Lyon to an old newspaper, which gave oral tradition as
+  its sole authority), we are told that his picture, in the captain's
+  uniform, the left hand wanting a finger, is still to be seen in the
+  bishop's palace at Cork. The picture is there, and represents him
+  certainly as wanting a finger; he is dressed, however, not in a captain's
+  uniform, but in a very scholar-like black gown.</p>
+
+  <p>I know not how Mr. Croker could have given the year 1606 as the date
+  of his appointment to the see of Cloyne, for we learn from Ware, who is
+  no mean authority, that he was first appointed to the see of Ross in
+  1582; that the sees of Cork and Cloyne were given to him <i>in
+  commendam</i> in 1583 (as is recorded in the Consistorial Court of Cork),
+  and that the three sees were formally united in his person in 1586.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1595 he was appointed one of the commissioners to consider the best
+  means of peopling Munster with English settlers, and of establishing a
+  voluntary composition throughout that province in lieu of cess and taxes;
+  this does not look as if he had been an illiterate captain of a ship, or
+  one of those "rude-bred soldiers, whose education was at the
+  musket-mouth." In fact, Ware does not seem to have considered him
+  remarkable for anything except such qualities as well became his order.
+  And we have the high testimony of Archbishop Bramhall (quoted by Ware),
+  that "Cork and Ross fared the best of any bishoprick in that province, a
+  very good man, Bishop Lyon, having been placed there early in the
+  Reformation."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CURIOUS MARRIAGE AGREEMENT.</h3>
+
+  <p>The original of the following paper is in existence in this city:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"To <span class="sc">Mrs. Deborah Leaming</span>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>"Madam.&mdash;Seeing I, Jacob Sprier, have addressed myself to you
+  upon the design of marriage, I therefore esteem it necessary to submit to
+  your consideration some particulars, before we enter upon that solemn
+  enterprise which may either establish our happiness or occasion our
+  inquietude during life, and if you concur with those particulars, I shall
+  have great encouragement to carry my design into execution; and since
+  happiness is the grand pursuit of a rational creature, so marriage ought
+  not to be attempted short of a prospect of arriving thereat; and in order
+  thereto (should we marry) I conceive the following rules and particulars
+  ought to be steadily observed and kept, viz.:</p>
+
+  <p>"1st. That we keep but one purse: a severance of interest bespeaking
+  diffidence, mistrust, and disunity of mind.</p>
+
+  <p>"2nd. That we avoid anger as much as possible, especially with each
+  other; but if either should be overtaken therewith, the other to treat
+  the angry party with temper and moderation during the continuance of such
+  anger; and afterwards, if need require, let the matter of heat be coolly
+  discussed when reason shall resume its government.</p>
+
+  <p>"3rd. As we have different stocks of children to which we are and
+  ought to be strongly attached by ties of nature, so it's proper when such
+  children or any of them need correction, it be administered by the party
+  from whom they have descended; unless, in the opinion of both parties, it
+  shall be thought necessary to be otherwise administered for the
+  children's good.</p>
+
+  <p>"4th. That no difference or partiality be made with respect to such
+  children who live with us in point of common usage touching education,
+  food, raiment, and treatment, otherwise than as age, circumstance, and
+  convenience may render it necessary, to be agreed upon between us, and
+  grounded upon reason.</p>
+
+  <p>"5th. That civility, courtesy, and kind treatment be always exercised
+  and extended towards such child or children that now is or hereafter may
+  be removed from us.</p>
+
+  <p>"6th. That we use our mutual endeavours to instruct, counsel, improve,
+  admonish, and advise all our children, without partiality, for their
+  general good; and that we ardently endeavour to promote both their
+  temporal and eternal welfare.</p>
+
+  <p>"7th. That each of us use our best endeavours to inculcate upon the
+  minds of our respective stocks of children a venerable and honourable
+  opinion of the other of us; and avoid as much as possible any insinuation
+  that may have a different tendency.</p>
+
+  <p>"8th. That in matters where either of us is more capable of judging
+  than the other of us, and best acquainted therein, that the person so
+  most capable of judging, and best acquainted, do follow his or her own
+  judgment without control, unless the other shall be able to give a
+  sufficient reason to the contrary; then, and in such case, the same to be
+  conclusive; and that we do adhere to each other in things reasonable and
+  expedient <!-- Page 194 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page194"></a>{194}</span>with a mutual condescension, and also
+  advise with and consult each other in matters of importance.</p>
+
+  <p>"9th. That if any misunderstanding should arise, the same be calmly
+  canvassed and accommodated between ourselves, without admitting the
+  interposition of any other, or seeking a confident to either to reveal
+  our mind unto, or sympathise withal upon the occasion.</p>
+
+  <p>"10th. That no suspicious jealousies of any kind whatever be harboured
+  in our breasts, without absolute or good circumstantial evidence; and if
+  conceived upon proof or strong presumption, the same to be communicated
+  to the suspected person, in temper and moderation, and not told to
+  another.</p>
+
+  <p>"11th. That we be just, chaste, and continent to each other; and
+  should either prove otherwise, that then we separate, notwithstanding the
+  most solemn ties to the contrary, unless it shall suit the injured party
+  to forgive the injury and continue the coverture; and in case of
+  separation, each of us to keep such share of wealth as we were possessed
+  of when are came together, if it remains in the same state, as to
+  quantum; but if over or under, then in proportion to what we originally
+  had.</p>
+
+  <p>"12th. That we neither give into, nor countenance any ill advisers who
+  may have a design to mar our happiness, and sow discord between us.</p>
+
+  <p>"13th. That in matters of religious concernment, we be at liberty to
+  exercise our sentiments freely without control.</p>
+
+  <p>"14th. That we use our mutual endeavours to increase our affection,
+  cultivate our harmony, promote our happiness, and live in the fear of
+  God, and in obedience to His righteous laws.</p>
+
+  <p>"15th. That we use the relatives of each other with friendly kindness;
+  and that the same be extended to our friends and benefactors, mutually,
+  without grudging.</p>
+
+  <p>"16th. That the survivor of us endeavour, after the death of either of
+  us, to maintain the reputation and dignity of the deceased, by avoiding
+  levity of behaviour, dissoluteness of life and disgraceful marriage; not
+  only so, but that such survivor persevere in good offices to the children
+  of the deceased, as a discreet, faithful, and honourable survivor ought
+  to do.</p>
+
+  <p>"17th. That in case Jacob Sprier, after trial, shall not think it for
+  his interest, or agreeable to his disposition, to live at the plantation
+  where Deborah Leaming now resides, then, and in such case, she to remove
+  with him elsewhere upon a prospect promising to better his circumstances
+  or promote his happiness, provided the landed interest of the said
+  Deborah's late husband be taken proper care of for the benefit of her son
+  Christopher.</p>
+
+  <p>"18th. That the said Jacob Sprier be allowed from time to time to
+  purchase such books from our joint stock as he shall think necessary for
+  the advantage and improvement of himself and our children jointly, or
+  either of them, without grudging.</p>
+
+  <p>"19th. That the said Jacob Sprier do continue to keep Elisha Hughes,
+  and perform his express agreement to him according to indenture already
+  executed, and discharge the trust reposed in him the said Sprier by the
+  another of the said Elisha, without grudging or complaint.</p>
+
+  <p>"20th. And as the said Deborah Leaming, and the said Jacob Sprier, are
+  now something advanced in years and ought to take the comfort of life as
+  free from hard toil as convenience will admit, therefore neither of them
+  be subject thereunto unless in case of emergence, and this exemption to
+  be no ways censured by each other, provided they supervise, contrive, and
+  do the light necessary services incumbent on the respected heads of a
+  family, not omitting to cultivate their minds when convenience will
+  admit.</p>
+
+  <p>"21st. That if anything be omitted in the foregoing rules and
+  particulars, that may conduce to our future happiness and welfare, the
+  same to be hereafter supplied by reason and discretion, as often as
+  occasion shall require.</p>
+
+  <p>"22nd. That the said Jacob Sprier shall not upbraid the said Deborah
+  Leaming with the extraordinary industry and good economy of his deceased
+  wife, neither shall the said Deborah Leaming upbraid the said Jacob
+  Sprier with the like extraordinary industry and good economy of her
+  deceased husband, neither shall anything of this nature be observed by
+  either to the other of us, with any view to offend or irritate the party
+  to whom observed; a thing too frequently practised in a second marriage,
+  and very fatal to the repose of parties married.</p>
+
+  <p>"I, Deborah Leaming, in case I marry with Jacob Sprier, do hereby
+  promise to observe and perform the before-going rules and particulars,
+  containing twenty-two in number to the best of my power. As witness my
+  hand, the 16th day of Decem'r, 1751:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>(Signed) "<span class="sc">Deborah Leaming</span>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>"I, Jacob Sprier, in case I marry with Deborah Leaming, do hereby
+  promise to observe and perform the before-going rules and particulars,
+  containing twenty two in number, to the best of my power. As witness my
+  hand, the 16th day of December, 1751:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>(Signed) "<span class="sc">Jacob Sprier</span>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Oldbuck</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ANCIENT AMERICAN LANGUAGES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(<i>Continued from</i> Vol. vi., pp. 60, 61.)</p>
+
+  <p>Since communicating to you a short list of a few books I had noted as
+  having reference to this obscure subject, I have stumbled over a few
+  others which bear special reference to the Quichua: and of which I beg to
+  send you a short account, which may be worthy a place in your valuable
+  pages.</p>
+
+  <p>The first work upon the Quichua language, of which I find mention, is
+  a grammar of the Peruvian Indians (<i>Gramatica ó arte general de la
+  lengua de los Indios del Perù</i>), by the brother Domingo de San Thomas,
+  published in Valladolid in 1560, and republished in the same year with an
+  appendix, being a Vocabulary of the Quichua. The demand for the first
+  edition appears to have been considerable; or, what is more likely, from
+  the extreme rarity of the work, the careful author <!-- Page 195 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page195"></a>{195}</span>suppressed or called in
+  the first edition, in order to add, for the benefit of his purchasers,
+  the vocabulary which he had found time to prepare within the year.</p>
+
+  <p>The work of San Thomas seems to have glutted the market for some
+  twenty years; for we do not find that any one made a collection of words
+  or grammatical forms until the year 1586, when Antonio Ricardo published
+  a kind of introduction to the Quichua, having sole reference to that
+  language, without anything more than an explanation in Spanish.<a
+  name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> This work, like
+  that of his predecessor, was immediately remodelled and re-published in a
+  very much extended form in the same year. Ricardo's books are amongst the
+  first printed in that part of America.</p>
+
+  <p>Diego de Torres Rubio is the next writer of whom I am cognizant. He
+  published at Seville, in 1603, a grammar and vocabulary of the Quichua;
+  the subject still continuing to attract attention. Still, as was to be
+  expected, the Quichua language was of more consequence to the Spaniards
+  of Peru. No doubt, therefore, that Father Juan Martinez found a ready
+  sale for his vocabulary, published at Los Reyes in 1604. Indeed, the
+  subject is now attracting the attention of the eminent Diego Gonzalez
+  Holguin, who published first a new grammar (<i>Gramatica nuevu</i>) of
+  the Quichua and Inca dialect, in four books, at the press of Francisco
+  del Canto, in Los Reyes, 1607; and second, a vocabulary of the language
+  of the whole of Peru (<i>de todo el Perù</i>), in the same year and at
+  the same press.</p>
+
+  <p>It is worthy to remark, as confuting somewhat fully the assertion of
+  Prescott (<i>Conquest of Peru</i>, v. ii. p. 188.), that the Spanish name
+  of Ciudad de los Reyes ceased to be used in speaking of Lima "within the
+  first generation," that the books of Ricardo, Holguin, and Huerta (of
+  whom presently) are all stated to have been printed in the Ciudad de los
+  Reyes, though the latest of these appeared in 1616. In 1614, however, to
+  confine myself strictly to the bibliographical inquiry suggested by the
+  heading of my article, a method and vocabulary of the Quichua did appear
+  from Canto's press, dated Lima,&mdash;a corruption, as is well known, of
+  the word <i>Rimac</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>That, however, the Castilian name should be employed later, is
+  curious. At any rate, it occurs for the last time on the title of a work
+  printed by the same printer, Canto, in 1616; and written by Don Alonso de
+  Huerta, the old title being adhered to, probably from some cause unknown
+  to us, but possibly in consequence of old aristocratic opinions and
+  prejudices in favour of the Spanish name. That the name of Lima had
+  obtained considerably even in the time of the Conquerors, Mr. Prescott
+  has sufficiently proved; but as an official and recognised name it
+  evidently existed to a later period than the historian has mentioned.</p>
+
+  <p>The work of Torres Rubio, already mentioned, was reprinted in Lima by
+  Francisco Lasso in 1619. From this time forward, the subject of the
+  native language of Peru seems to have occupied the attention of many
+  writers. A quarto grammar was published by Diego de Olmos in 1633 of the
+  Indian language, as the Quichuan now came to be called.</p>
+
+  <p>Eleven years later, we find Fernando de Carrera, curate and vicar of
+  San Martin de Reque, publishing an elaborate word bearing the following
+  title:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Arte de la lengua yunga de los valles del obispado de Truxillo; con
+  un confesonario y todas las oraciones cotidianas y otras cosas: Lima, por
+  Juan de Contreras, 1644, 16mo."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Grammars and methods here follow thick and fast. A few years after
+  Carrera's book, in 1648, comes Don Juan Roxo Mexia y Ocon, <i>natural de
+  Cuzco</i>, as he proudly styles himself with a method of the Indian
+  language: and after a few insignificant works, again another in 1691, by
+  Estevan Sancho de Melgar.</p>
+
+  <p>The most common works on the Quichua are the third and fourth editions
+  of Torres Rubio, published at Lima in the years 1700 and 1754. Of these
+  two works done with that care and evident pleasure which Jesuits always,
+  and perhaps only, bestow upon these difficult by-roads of philology, I
+  need say no more, as they are very well known.</p>
+
+  <p>Before I close this communication, allow me to suggest to the readers
+  and contributors to the truly valuable "N. &amp; Q.," that no tittle of
+  knowledge concerning these early philological researches ought to be
+  allowed to remain unrecorded; and with the position which the "N. &amp;
+  Q." occupies, and the facilities that journal offers for the preservation
+  of these stray scraps of knowledge, surely it would not be amiss to send
+  them to the Editor, and let him decide as he is very capable of doing, as
+  to their value.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">February 20. 1854.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>Arte y Vocabulario de la lengua, Uamada quichua. En la Ciudad de los
+  Reyes, 1586, 8vo.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CONDUITT AND NEWTON</h3>
+
+  <p>In the prospectus of a new <i>Life</i> of sir Isaac Newton, by sir
+  David Brewster, it is stated that in examining the papers at Hurstbourne
+  Park, the seat of the earl of Portsmouth, the discovery had been maple of
+  "copious materials which Mr. Conduit had collected for a life of Newton,
+  <i>which had never been supposed to exist</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>About the year 1836 I consulted the principal biographers of
+  Newton&mdash;Conduitt, Fontenelle, Birch, Philip Nichols, Thomas Thomson,
+  Biot, <!-- Page 196 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page196"></a>{196}</span>Brewster&mdash;and I have ever since
+  believed that such materials <i>did exist</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>We are assured by Mr. Edmund Turnor, in the preface to his <i>History
+  of Grantham</i>, printed in 1806, which work is quoted in the prospectus,
+  that the manuscripts at Hurstbourne Park then chiefly consisted of some
+  pocket-books and memorandums of sir Isaac Newton, and "the information
+  obtained by Mr. Conduitt for the purpose of writing his life." Moreover,
+  the collections of Mr. Conduitt are repeatedly quoted in that work as
+  distinct from the memoirs which were sent to M. de Fontenelle.</p>
+
+  <p>I shall give another anecdote in refutation of the statement made in
+  the prospectus, albeit a superfluity. In 1730 the author of <i>The
+  Seasons</i> republished his <i>Poem to the memory of sir Isaac
+  Newton</i>, with the addition of the lines which follow, and which prove
+  that he was aware of the task on which Mr. Conduitt was then occupied.
+  The lines, it should be observed, have been omitted in all the editions
+  printed since 1738.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"This, <span class="sc">Conduitt</span>, from thy rural hours we hope;</p>
+      <p>As through the pleasing shade, where nature pours</p>
+      <p>Her every sweet, in studious ease you walk;</p>
+      <p>The social passions smiling at thy heart,</p>
+      <p>That glows with all the recollected sage."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The <i>pleasing shade</i> indicates the grounds of Cranbury-lodge, in
+  Hampshire, the seat of Mr. Conduitt&mdash;whose guest the poet seems
+  previously to have been.</p>
+
+  <p>Some inedited particulars of the life of Mr. Conduitt, drawn from
+  various sources, I reserve for another occasion.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bolton Corney</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Music in Middleton's Tragi-Comedy of the
+  "Witch."</i>&mdash;Joseph Ritson, in a letter addressed to J.&nbsp;C. Walker
+  (July, 1797), printed in Pickering's edition of Ritson's <i>Letters</i>
+  (vol. ii. p. 156.) has the following passage:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It may be to your purpose, at the same time, to know that the songs
+  in Middleton's <i>Witch</i>, which appear also to have been introduced in
+  <i>Macbeth</i>, beginning, 'Hecate, Hecate, come away,' and 'Black
+  spirits and white,' have (as I am informed) been lately discovered in MS.
+  with the complete harmony, as performed at the original representation of
+  these plays. You will find the words in a note to the late editions of
+  Shakspeare; and I shall, probably, one of these days, obtain a sight of
+  the musick."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The MS. here mentioned was in the collection of the late Mr. J.
+  Stafford Smith, one of the Organists of the Chapel Royal. At the sale of
+  this gentleman's valuable library it passed, with many other treasures of
+  a similar nature, into my possession, where it now remains.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Mr. Macaulay and Sir Archibald Alison in error.</i>&mdash;How was
+  it that Mr. Macaulay, in two editions of his <i>History</i>, placed the
+  execution of Lord Russell on Tower Hill? Did it not take place in
+  Lincoln's Inn Fields? And why does Sir A. Alison, in the volume of his
+  <i>History</i> just published, speak of the children of Catherine of
+  Arragon? and likewise inform us that Locke was expelled from Cambridge?
+  Was he not expelled from the University of Oxford?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Paid down upon the nail.</i>"&mdash;The origin of this phrase is
+  thus stated in the <i>Recollections of O'Keefe</i> the dramatist:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"An ample piazza under the Exchange [in Limerick] was a thoroughfare:
+  in the centre stood a pillar about four feet high, and upon it a circular
+  plate of copper about three feet in diameter: this was called <i>the
+  nail</i>, and on it was paid the earnest for any commercial bargains
+  made; which was the origin of saying, 'Paid down upon the nail.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>But perhaps the custom, of which Mr. O'Keefe speaks, was common to
+  other ancient towns?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Corpulence a Crime.</i>&mdash;Mr. Bruce has written, in his
+  <i>Classic and Historic Portraits</i>, that the ancient Spartan paid as
+  much attention to the rearing of men as the cattle dealers in modern
+  England do to the breeding of cattle. They took charge of firmness and
+  looseness of men's flesh; and regulated the degree of fatness to which it
+  was lawful, in a free state, for any citizen to extend his body. Those
+  who dared to grow too fat, or too soft for military exercise and the
+  service of Sparta, were soundly whipped. In one particular instance, that
+  of Nauclis, the son of Polytus, the offender was brought before the
+  Ephori, and a meeting of the whole people of Sparta, at which his
+  unlawful fatness was publicly exposed; and he was threatened with
+  perpetual banishment if he did not bring his body within the regular
+  Spartan compass, and give up his culpable mode of living; which was
+  declared to be more worthy of an Ionian than a son of Lacedæmon.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Curious Tender.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If any young clergyman, somewhat agreeable in person, and who has a
+  small fortune independent, can be well recommended as to strictness of
+  morals and good temper, firmly attached to the present happy
+  establishment, and is willing to engage in the matrimonial estate with an
+  agreeable young lady in whose power it is immediately to bestow a living
+  of nearly 100<i>l.</i> per annum, in a very pleasant situation, with a
+  good prospect of preferment,&mdash;any person whom this may suit may
+  leave a line at the bar of the Union Coffee House in the Strand, directed
+  to Z.&nbsp;Z., within three days of this advertisement. The utmost secrecy and
+  honour may be depended upon."&mdash;<i>London Chronicle</i>, March,
+  1758.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. A.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 197 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page197"></a>{197}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Year 1854.</i>&mdash;This year commenced and will terminate on
+  a Sunday. In looking through the Almanac, it will be seen that there are
+  <i>five Sundays in five months</i> of the year, viz. in January, April,
+  July, October, and December; five <i>Mondays</i> in January, May, July,
+  and October; five <i>Tuesdays</i> in January, May, August, and October;
+  five <i>Wednesdays</i> in March, May, August, and November; five
+  <i>Thursdays</i>, in March, June, August, and November; five
+  <i>Fridays</i> in March, June, September, and December; five
+  <i>Saturdays</i> in April, July, September, and December; and, lastly,
+  fifty-three <i>Sundays</i> in the year.</p>
+
+  <p>The age of her Majesty the Queen is thirty-five, or seven times five;
+  and the age of Prince Albert the same.</p>
+
+  <p>Last Christmas having fallen on the Sunday, I am reminded of the
+  following lines:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Lordings all of you I warn,</p>
+      <p>If the day that Christ was born</p>
+      <p>Fall upon a Sunday,</p>
+      <p>The winter shall be good I say,</p>
+      <p>But great winds aloft shall be;</p>
+      <p>The summer shall be fine and dry.</p>
+      <p><i>By kind skill, and without loss,</i></p>
+      <p><i>Through all lands there shall be peace.</i></p>
+      <p>Good time for all things to be done;</p>
+      <p>But he that stealeth shall be found soon.</p>
+      <p>What child that day born may be,</p>
+      <p>A great lord he shall live to be."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p><i>A Significant Hint.</i>&mdash;The following lines were communicated
+  to me by a friend some years ago, as having been written by a blacksmith
+  of the village of Tideswell in Derbyshire; who, having often been
+  reproved by the parson, or ridiculed by his neighbours, for drunkenness,
+  placed them on the church door the day after the event they
+  commemorate:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Ye Tideswellites, can this be true,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Which Fame's loud trumpet brings;</p>
+      <p>That ye, to view the Cambrian Prince,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Forsook the King of Kings?</p>
+      <p>That when his rattling chariot wheels,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Proclaim'd his Highness near,</p>
+      <p>Ye trod upon each others' heels,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To leave the house of prayer.</p>
+      <p>Be wise next time, adopt this plan,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Lest ye be left i' th' lurch;</p>
+      <p>And place at th' end of th' town a man</p>
+      <p class="i1">To ask him into Church."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>It is said that, on the occasion of the late Prince of Wales passing
+  through Tideswell on a Sunday, a man was placed to give notice of his
+  coming, and the parson and his flock rushed out to see him pass at full
+  gallop.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. P. Paling.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chorley.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>LITERARY QUERIES.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Richard Bingham</span> will feel grateful to any
+  literary friend who may be able to assist him in solving some or all of
+  the following difficulties.</p>
+
+  <p>1. Where does Panormitan or Tudeschis (<i>Commentar. in Quinque Libros
+  Decretalium</i>) apply the term nullatenenses to titular and utopian
+  bishops? See <i>Origines Ecclesiasticæ</i>, 4. 6. 2.</p>
+
+  <p>2. In which of his books does John Bale, Bishop of Ossory, speaking of
+  the monks of Bangor, term them "Apostolicals?" See Ibid., 7. 2. 13.</p>
+
+  <p>3. Where does Erasmus say that the preachers of the Roman Church
+  invoked the Virgin Mary in the beginning of their discourses, much as the
+  heathen poets were used to invoke their Muses? See Ibid., 14. 4. 15.; and
+  <i>Ferrarius de Ritu Concionum</i>, l. <span class="scac">I.</span> c.
+  xi.</p>
+
+  <p>4. Bona (<i>Rer. Liturg.</i>, l. <span class="scac">II.</span> c. ii.
+  n. 1.) speaks of an epistle from Athanasius to Eustathius, where he
+  inveighs against the Arian bishops, who in the beginning of their sermons
+  said "<i>Pax vobiscum!</i>" while they harassed others, and were
+  tragically at war. But the learned Bingham (14. 4. 14.) passes this by,
+  and leaves it with Bona, because there is no such epistle in the works of
+  Athanasius. Where else? How can Bona's error be corrected? or is there
+  extant <i>in operibus Athanasii</i> a letter of his to some other person,
+  containing the expressions to which Bona refers?</p>
+
+  <p>5. In another place (<i>Rer. Liturg.</i>, l. <span
+  class="scac">II.</span> c. 4. n. 3.) Bona refers to tom. iii. p. 307. of
+  an <i>Auctor Antiquitatum Liturgicarum</i> for certain <i>formulæ</i>;
+  and Joseph Bingham (15. 1. 2.) understands him to mean <i>Pamelius</i>,
+  whose work does not exceed two volumes. Neither does Pamelius notice at
+  all the <i>first of the two formulæ</i>, though he has the second, or
+  nearly the same. How can this also be explained? And to what work, either
+  anonymous or otherwise, did Bona refer in his expression "Auctor
+  Antiquitatum Liturgicarum?"</p>
+
+  <p>6. In which old edition of <i>Gratiani Decretum</i>, probably before
+  the early part of the sixteenth century, can be found the unmutilated
+  glosses of John Semeca, surnamed Teutonicus? and especially the gloss on
+  <i>De Consecrat., Distinct.</i> 4. c. 4., where he says that even in his
+  time (1250?) the custom still prevailed in some places of giving the
+  eucharist to babes? See <i>Orig. Ecclesiast.</i>, 15. 4. 7.</p>
+
+  <p>7. Joseph Bingham (16. 3. 6.) finds fault with Baronius for asserting
+  that Pope Symmachus anathematized the Emperor Anastasius, and asserts
+  that instead of <i>Ista quidem ego</i>, as given by Baronius and Binius,
+  in the epistle of Symmachus, Ep. vii. al. vi. (see also Labbe and
+  Cossart, t. iv. p. 1298.), the true reading is <i>Ista quidem nego</i>.
+  How can this be verified? The epistle is not extant either in Crabbe or
+  Merlin. Is the argument <!-- Page 198 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page198"></a>{198}</span>of J.&nbsp;B. borne out by any good authority,
+  either in manuscript or print?</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Bingham</span> will feel further obliged if the
+  Replies to any or all of these Queries be forwarded direct to his address
+  at 57. Gloucester Place, Portman Square, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Hunter of Polmood in Tweed-dale.</i>&mdash;Where can the pedigree
+  of the Hunters of Polmood, in Peebleshire, be seen?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hufreer.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Dinteville Family.</i>&mdash;Of the family of Dinteville there were
+  at this time, viz. 1530, two knights of the Order of St. John of
+  Jerusalem. 1st. <i>Pierre de Dinteville</i>, Commander of Troyes, and
+  Seneschal of his Order; son of Claude de Dinteville, Seigneur de Polisi
+  and Chevets in Burgundy, and his wife Jeanne de la Beaume, daughter of
+  the Lord of Mont St. Sorlin. The other was nephew to the <i>Pierre</i>
+  above mentioned, son of his younger brother Gaucher, Lord of Polisi,
+  &amp;c.; and his wife, Anne du Plessis d'Ouschamps. His name was <i>Louis
+  de Dinteville</i>: he was born June 25, 1503; was Commander of Tupigni
+  and Villedieu, and died at Malta, July 22, 1531; leaving a natural son,
+  Maria de Dinteville, Abbé of St. Michael de Tonnerre, who was killed in
+  Paris by a pistol-shot in 1574. The brother of this Chevalier Louis,
+  <i>Jean</i>, Seign. of Polisi, &amp;c., was <i>ambassador</i> in England,
+  and died a cripple <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1555.</p>
+
+  <p>Query, Which was the "Dominus" of the king's letter?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Eastern Practice of Medicine.</i>&mdash;I shall feel indebted to
+  any correspondent who will refer me to some works on the theory and
+  practice of medicine as pursued by the native practitioners of India and
+  the East generally?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Clifton Barry.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Sunday.</i>&mdash;When and where does Sunday begin or end?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. T. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Three Picture Queries.</i>&mdash;1. Kugler (<i>Schools of Painting
+  in Italy</i>, edited by Sir Charles Eastlake, 2nd edit., 1851, Part II.
+  p. 284.), speaking of Leonardo da Vinci's cartoon, representing the
+  victory of the Florentines in 1440 over Nicolo Picinnino, general of the
+  Duke of Milan, and which has now perished, says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Rubens copied from Leonardo's, a group of four horsemen fighting for
+  a standard: this is engraved by Edelingk, and is just sufficient to make
+  us bitterly deplore the loss of this rich and grand work."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Does this picture exist? Does Edelingk's engraving state in whose
+  possession it was then?</p>
+
+  <p>2. Where can I find any account of a painter named St. Denis? From his
+  name and style, he appears to have been French, and to have flourished
+  subsequently to 1700.</p>
+
+  <p>3. Titian painted Charles III., Duke of Bourbon and Constable of
+  France, who was killed May 6, 1527, at the siege of Rome. Where is this
+  picture? It is said to have been engraved by Nörsterman. Where may I see
+  the engraving?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arthur Paget.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Cutting off with a Shilling.</i>"&mdash;This is understood to have
+  arisen from the notion that the heir could not be utterly disinherited by
+  will: that something, however small, must be left him. Had such a notion
+  any foundation in the law of England at any time?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. Chateau.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Inman or Ingman Family.</i>&mdash;The family of Inman, Ionman, or
+  Ingman, variously spelt, derive from John of Gaunt. This family was
+  settled for five successive generations at Bowthwaite Grange, Netherdale
+  or Nithisdale, co. York, and inter-married with many of the principal
+  families of that period.</p>
+
+  <p>Alfred Inman married Amelia, daughter of Owen Gam. Who was Owen
+  Gam?</p>
+
+  <p>Arthur Inman married Cecilia, daughter of Llewellyn Clifford. Who was
+  Llewellyn Clifford? Not mentioned in the Clifford Peerage. Perhaps <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Hughes</span>, or some other correspondent of "N. &amp;
+  Q.," may know, and have the kindness to make known his genealogical
+  history.</p>
+
+  <p>This family being strong adherents of the House of Lancaster, raised a
+  troop in the royal cause under the Duke of Newcastle, at the fatal battle
+  of Marston Moor, where several brothers were slain, the rest dispersed,
+  and the property confiscated to Cromwell's party about 1650-52. Any
+  genealogical detail from public records prior to that period, would be
+  useful in tracing the descent.</p>
+
+  <p>Sir William de Roas de Ingmanthorpe was summoned to parliament in the
+  reign of Edw. I. This Ingmanthorpe, or Inmanthorpe (spelt both ways), is,
+  according to Thoresby, near Knaresborough on the Nidd. Query, Was this
+  person's name Inman from his residence, as usual at that period?</p>
+
+  <p>Arms: Vert, on a chevron or, three roses gules, slipped and leaved
+  vert. Crest, on a mount vert, a wyvern ppr. ducally gorged, and lined or.
+  Motto lost.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Subscriber.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Southsea.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Constable of Masham.</i>&mdash;Alan Bellingham of Levins, in
+  Westmoreland, married Susan, daughter of Marmaduke Constable of Masham,
+  in Yorkshire, before the year 1624.</p>
+
+  <p>I should be very much obliged to any of your genealogical readers, if
+  they can inform me who was Marmaduke Constable of Masham; to which <!--
+  Page 199 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page199"></a>{199}</span>family of Constable he belonged; and where
+  I could find a pedigree of his family.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Comes Stabuli.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Fading Ink.</i>&mdash;I have somewhere seen a receipt for an ink,
+  which completely fades away after it has been written a few months. Will
+  some chemical reader kindly refer me to it?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Clifton Barry.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Ralph Killigrew.</i>&mdash;Who was Sir Ralph Killigrew, born
+  <i>circa</i> 1585. I should be very much obliged to be referred to a good
+  pedigree of the Killigrew family of the above period.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Patonce.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Pepys.</i>&mdash;I have lately acquired a collection of letters
+  between Pepys and Major Aungier, Sir Isaac Newton, Halley, and other
+  persons, relating to the management of the mathematical school at
+  Christ's Hospital; and containing details of the career of some of the
+  King's scholars after leaving the school. The letters extend from 1692 to
+  1695; and are the original letters received by Pepys, with his drafts of
+  the answers. They are loosely stitched, in order of date, in a thick
+  volume, and are two hundred and upwards in number. Are these letters
+  known, and have they ever been published or referred to?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. F. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Diss.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[It is a singular coincidence that we should receive the communication
+  of A. F. B. on the day of the publication of the new and much improved
+  library edition of Pepys's <i>Diary</i>. Would our correspondent permit
+  us to submit his collection to the editor of Pepys, who would no doubt be
+  gratified with a sight of it? We will guarantee its safe return, and any
+  expenses incurred in its transmission. On turning to the fourth volume of
+  the new edition of the <i>Diary</i>, we find the following letter (now
+  first published) from Dr. Tanner, afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph, to Dr.
+  Charlett, dated April 28, 1699:&mdash;"Mr. Pepys was just finishing a
+  letter to you last night when I gave him yours. I hear he has printed
+  some letters lately about the abuses of Christ's Hospital; they are only
+  privately handed about. A gentleman that has a very great respect for Mr.
+  Pepys, saw one of them in one of the Aldermen's hands, but wishes there
+  had been some angry expressions left out; which he fears the Papists and
+  other enemies of the Church of England will make ill use of." Is anything
+  known of this "privately printed" volume? In the Life of Pepys (4th
+  edit., p. xxxi.), mention is made of his having preserved from ruin the
+  mathematical foundation at Christ's Hospital, which had been originally
+  designed by him.&mdash;<span class="sc">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p>"<i>Retainers to Seven Shares and a Half.</i>"&mdash;Can any reader of
+  "N. &amp; Q.," conversant with the literature of the seventeenth century,
+  furnish an explanation of this phrase? It occurs in the preface to
+  <i>Steps to the Temple, &amp;c.</i>, of Richard Crashaw (the 2nd edit.,
+  in the Savoy, 1670), addressed by "the author's friend" to "the learned
+  reader," and is used in disparagement of pretenders to poetry. The
+  passage runs thus:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It were prophane but to mention here in the preface those
+  under-headed poets, retainers to seven shares and a half; madrigal
+  fellows, whose only business in verse is to rime a poor sixpenny soul, a
+  subburb sinner into hell," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">H. L.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The performers at our earlier theatres were distinguished into whole
+  shares, three-quarter sharers, half sharers, seven-and-a-half sharers,
+  hired men, &amp;c. In one scene of the <i>Histriomastic</i>, 1610, the
+  dissolute performers having been arrested by soldiers, one of the latter
+  exclaims, "Come on, players! now we are the sharers, and you the hired
+  men;" and in another scene, Clout, one of the characters, rejects with
+  some indignation the offer of "half a share." Gamaliel Ratsey, in that
+  rare tract, <i>Ratseis Ghost</i>, 1606, knights the principal performer
+  of a company by the title of "Sir Three Shares and a Half;" and Tucca, in
+  Ben Jonson's <i>Poetaster</i>, addressing Histrio, observes, "Commend me
+  to Seven shares and a half," as if some individual at that period had
+  engrossed as large a proportion. Shakspeare, in <i>Hamlet</i>, speaks of
+  "a whole share" as a source of no contemptible emolument, and of the
+  owner of it as a person filling no inferior station in "a cry of payers."
+  In <i>Northward Ho!</i> also, a sharer is noticed with respect. Bellamont
+  the poet enters, and tells his servant, "Sirrah, I'll speak with none:"
+  on which the servant asks, "Not a player?" and his master replies:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg3">"No, though a sharer bawl:</p>
+      <p>I'll speak with none, although it be the mouth</p>
+      <p>Of the big company."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The value of a share in any particular company would depend upon the
+  number of subdivisions, upon the popularity of the body, upon the
+  stock-plays belonging to it, upon the extent of its wardrobe, and the
+  nature of its properties.&mdash;See Collier's <i>English Dramatic
+  Poetry</i>, vol. iii. p. 427.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Madden's "Reflections and Resolutions proper for the Gentlemen of
+  Ireland."</i>&mdash;This work, by the Rev. Samuel Madden, was first
+  published in Dublin in 1738, and was reprinted at the expense of the late
+  Mr. Thomas Pleasants, in one vol. 8vo., pp. 224, Dub. 1816. I possess two
+  copies of the original edition, likewise in one vol. 8vo., pp. 237, and I
+  have seen about a dozen; and yet I find in the preface to the reprint the
+  following paragraph:</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>"The very curious and interesting work which is now reprinted, and
+  intended for a wide and gratuitous circulation, is also of uncommon
+  rarity; there is not a copy of it in the library of Trinity College, or
+  in any of the other public libraries of this city, which have been
+  searched on purpose. (One was purchased some <!-- Page 200 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page200"></a>{200}</span>years ago for the
+  library of the Royal Dublin Society, if I mistake not, for 1<i>l.</i>
+  6<i>s.</i>, or rather more.) The profoundly learned Vice-Provost, Doctor
+  Barrett, never met with one; and many gentlemen well skilled in the
+  literature of Ireland, who have been applied to for information on the
+  subject, are even unacquainted with the name of the book."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p>Of Dr. Madden, known as "Premium" Madden, few memorials exist; and yet
+  he was a man of whom Johnson said, "His was a name Ireland ought to
+  honour." The book in question does not appear to be of "uncommon rarity."
+  Is it considered by competent judges of "exceeding merit?" I would be
+  glad to know.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Probably, from this work having appeared anonymously, it was unknown
+  to the writers of his life in Chalmers' and Rose's <i>Biographical
+  Dictionaries</i>, as well as to Mr. Nichols, when he wrote his account of
+  Dr. Madden in his <i>Literary Anecdotes</i>, vol. ii. p. 32. A volume
+  containing the <i>Reflections and Resolutions</i>, together with the
+  author's tragedy, <i>Themistocles</i>, 1729, and his tract, <i>A Proposal
+  for the General Encouragement of Learning in Dublin College</i>, 1732, is
+  in the Grenville Collection in the British Museum. This volume was
+  presented by Dr. Madden to Philip, Earl of Chesterfield, as appears from
+  the following MS. note on a fly-leaf: "To his Excellency the Right Hon.
+  Philip Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, these Tracts,
+  writ (how meanly soever) with a real zeal for the service of that
+  country, are most humbly presented by the author, his most obedient
+  humble servant."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>King Edward I.'s Arm.</i>&mdash;Fuller, speaking of the death and
+  character of King Edward I., winds up with these words:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"As the arm of King Edward I. was accounted the measure of a yard,
+  generally received in England; so his actions are an excellent model and
+  a praiseworthy platform for succeeding princes to
+  imitate."&mdash;<i>Church History</i>, b. iii., <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1307.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Query, Is there historical proof of this statement of "honest Tom?" He
+  gives no reference apparently considering the fact too well established
+  to require any.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. B.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Ask that staunch and sturdy royalist, Peter Heylin, whether Old Tom
+  is not sometimes more facetious than correct; and whether, in the extract
+  given above, we should not read <i>Richard I.</i> for Edward I. In
+  Knyghton's <i>Chronicle</i>, lib. <span class="scac">II.</span> cap.
+  viii. sub Hen. I., we find, "Mercatorum falsam ulnam castigavit adhibita
+  brachii sui mensura." See also William of Malmsbury in Vita Hen. I., and
+  Spelm. Hen. I. apud Wilkins, 299., who inform us, that a new standard of
+  longitudinal measure was ascertained by Henry I., who commanded that the
+  ulna, or ancient ell, which answers to the modern yard, should be made of
+  the exact length of his own arm.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Elstob, Elizabeth.</i>&mdash;Can any of your numerous
+  correspondents state where that celebrated Saxon linguist, Mrs. Elizabeth
+  Elstob, was buried? In Chambers's <i>Biographical Illustrations of
+  Worcestershire</i>, she is said to have been buried at Saint Margaret's,
+  Westminster; but after every inquiry, made many years since of the then
+  worthy churchwarden of the parish, our researches were in vain, for there
+  is no account of her sepulture in the church or graveyard.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Whitbourne.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Most of the biographical notices of Mrs. Elizabeth Elstob state that
+  she was buried at St. Margaret's, Westminster. We can only account for
+  the name not appearing in the register of that church, from her having
+  <i>changed her name</i> when she opened her school in Worcestershire, as
+  stated, on the authority of Mr. Geo. Ballard, in Nichols's <i>Literary
+  Anecdotes</i>, vol. iv. p. 714. Ballard's Correspondence is in the
+  Bodleian.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Monumental Brasses in London.</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+  correspondents favour me with a list of churches in London, or within a
+  mile of the same, containing monumental brasses? I know of St. Helen's,
+  Bishopsgate, only.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Brown.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[As our young crypto-antiquary dates his letter from Crosby Hall, he
+  will probably find in its library the following works to assist him in
+  his researches:&mdash;<i>List of Monumental Brasses in England</i>
+  (Rivington), <i>Manual for the Study of Monumental Brasses</i> (Parker),
+  and Sperling's <i>Church Walks in Middlesex</i> (Masters). Two are
+  noticed in Waller's <i>Monumental Brasses</i>, fol., 1842, viz. Dr.
+  Christopher Urswick, in Hackney Church, <span class="scac">A.D.</span>
+  1521, and Andrew Evyngar and wife, in All-Hallows Barking Church. If we
+  mistake not, there is one in St. Faith's, near St. Paul's.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>RAPPING NO NOVELTY; AND TABLE-TURNING.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 512. 632.; Vol. ix., pp. 39. 88. 135.)</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"There is a curious criminal process on record, manuscript 1770,
+  noticed by Voltaire as in the library of the King of France, which was
+  founded upon a remarkable set of visions said to have occurred to the
+  monks of Orleans.</p>
+
+  <p>"The illustrious house of St. Memin had been very liberal to the
+  convent, and had their family vault under the church. The wife of a Lord
+  of St. Memin, Provost of Orleans, died, and was buried. The husband,
+  thinking that his ancestors had given more than enough to the convent,
+  sent the monks a present, which they thought too small. They formed a
+  plan to have her body disinterred, and to force the widower to pay a
+  second fee for depositing it again in holy ground.</p>
+
+  <p>"The soul of the lady first appeared to two of the brethren, and said
+  to them, 'I am damned, like Judas, because my husband has not given
+  sufficient.' They hoped to extort money for the repose of her soul. But
+  the husband said, 'If she is really damned, all the money in the world
+  won't save her,' and gave them nothing. Perceiving their mistake, they
+  declared she appeared again, saying she was in <i>Purgatory</i>, and <!--
+  Page 201 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page201"></a>{201}</span>demanding to be disinterred. But this
+  seemed a curious request, and excited suspicion, for it was not likely
+  that a soul in purgatory would ask to have the body removed from holy
+  ground, neither had any in purgatory ever been known to desire to be
+  exhumed.</p>
+
+  <p>"The soul after this did not try <i>speaking</i> any more, but haunted
+  everybody in the convent and church. Brother Peter of Arras adopted a
+  very awkward manner of conjuring it. He said to it, 'If thou art the soul
+  of the late Madame de St. Memin, strike four knocks,' and the four knocks
+  were struck. 'If thou art damned, strike six knocks,' and the six knocks
+  were struck. 'If thou art still tormented in hell, because thy body is
+  buried in holy ground, knock six more times,' and the six knocks were
+  heard still more distinctly. 'If we disinter thy body, wilt thou be less
+  damned, certify to us by five knocks,' and the soul so certified. This
+  statement was signed by twenty-two cordeliers. The father provincial
+  asked the same questions and received the same answers. The Lord of St.
+  Memin prosecuted the father cordeliers. Judges were appointed. The
+  general of the commission required that they should be burned; but the
+  sentence only condemned them to make the 'amende honorable,' with a torch
+  in their bosom, and to be banished."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This sentence is of the 18th of February, 1535. Vide Abbé Langlet's
+  <i>History of Apparitions</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>From the above extract, and from what your correspondents <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Jardine</span> and R.&nbsp;I.&nbsp;R. have written, it is
+  satisfactorily shown that rapping is no novelty, having been known in
+  England and France some centuries ago. <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Jardine</span> has given us an instance in 1584, and leads us to suppose
+  that it was the earliest on record. I now give one as early as 1534; and
+  it would be interesting to know if the monks of Orleans were the first to
+  have practised this imposition, and to have been banished for their
+  deception and fraud.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Winthrop.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p>In Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. <span class="scac">XXIX.</span> cap. i.
+  p. 552. of a Paris edition, 1681, two persons, Patricius and Hilarius,
+  charged with disseminating prophecies injurious to the Emperor Valens,
+  were brought before a court of justice, and a tripod, which they were
+  charged with using, was also produced. Hilarius then made the following
+  acknowledgment:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Construximus, magnifici judices, ad cortinæ similitudinem Delphicæ,
+  diris auspiciis, de laureis virgulis infaustam hanc mensulam quam
+  videtis; et imprecationibus carminum secretorum, choragiisque multis ac
+  diuturnis ritualiter consecratam movimus tandem; movendi autem, quoties
+  super rebus arcanis consulebatur, erat institutio talis. Collocabatur in
+  medio domûs emaculatæ odoribus Arabicis undique, lance rotunda pure
+  superposita, ex diversis metallicis materiis fabrefacta; cujus in ambitu
+  rotunditatis extremo elementorum viginti quatuor scriptiles formæ incisæ
+  perite, dijungebantur spatiis examinate dimensis. Hac linteis quidam
+  indumentis amictus, calciatusque itidem linteis soccis, torulo capiti
+  circumflexo, verbenas felicis arboris gestans, litato conceptis
+  carminibus numine præscitionum auctore, cærimoniali scientia perstitit;
+  cortinulis pensilem anulum librans, sartum ex carpathio filo perquam
+  levi, mysticis disciplinis initiatum: qui per intervalla distincta
+  retinentibus singulis litteris incidens saltuatim, heroos efficit versus
+  interrogationibus consonos, ad numeros et modos plene conclusos; quales
+  leguntur Pythici, vel ex oraculis editi Branchidarum. Ibi tum quærentibus
+  nobis, qui præsenti succedet imperio, quoniam omni parte expolitus fore
+  memorabatur et adsiliens anulus duas perstrinxerat syllabas, <span
+  title="THEO" class="grk">&Theta;&Epsilon;&Omicron;</span> cum adjectione
+  litteræ postrema, exclamavit præsentium quidem, Theodorum præscribente
+  fatali necessitate portendi."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In lib. <span class="scac">XXXI.</span> cap. ii. p. 621. of same
+  edition, a method of prognostication by the Alami is described; but there
+  is no mention of tables there. The historian only says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Rectiores virgas vimineas colligentes, easque cum incantamentis
+  quibusdam secretis præstituto tempore discernentes, aperte quid
+  portendatur norunt."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">H. W.</p>
+
+  <p>The mention of table-turning by Ammianus Marcellinus reminds me of a
+  curious passage in the <i>Apologeticus</i> of Tertullian, cap. xxiii., to
+  which I invite the attention of those interested in the subject:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Porro si et magi phantasmata edunt et jam defunctorum infamant
+  animas; si pueros in eloquium oraculi elidunt; si multa miracula
+  circulatoriis præstigiis ludunt; si et somnia immittunt habentes semel
+  invitatorum angelorum et dæmonum assistentem sibi potestatem, <i>per
+  quos</i> et capræ et <i>mensæ divinare consueverunt</i>; quanto magis,"
+  &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Here table divination by means of angels and demons seems distinctly
+  alluded to. How like the modern system! The context of this passage, as
+  well as the extract itself, will suggest singular coincidence between
+  modern and ancient pretensions of this class.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>GENERAL WHITELOCKE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 521. 621.)</p>
+
+  <p>Much interesting information concerning General Whitelocke, about
+  whose conduct some difference of opinion appears to exist, will be found
+  in the Rev. Erskine Neale's <i>Risen from the Ranks</i> (London,
+  Longmans, 1853); but neither the date nor the place of his death is there
+  given. The reverend writer's account of the general's conduct is not at
+  all favourable. After alluding to him as "a chief unequal to his
+  position," he says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"John Whitelocke was born in the year 1759, and received his early
+  education in the Grammar School at Marlborough. His father was steward to
+  John, fourth Earl of Aylesbury; and the peer, in <!-- Page 202 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page202"></a>{202}</span>acknowledgment of the
+  faithful services of his trusted dependent, placed young Whitelocke at
+  Lochee's Military Academy, near Chelsea. There he remained till 1777,
+  when, the Earl's friendly disposition remaining in full force, and the
+  youth's predilection for a military career continuing unabated, an
+  ensigncy was procured him, through Lord Aylesbury's intervention, in the
+  14th regiment of Foot."&mdash;<i>Risen from the Ranks</i>, p. 68.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Through the influence of his brother-in-law, General Brownrigge,
+  Whitelocke's promotion was rapid; and in 1807 he was gazetted
+  commander-in-chief of an expedition destined for the recapture of Buenos
+  Ayres. His conduct during this expedition became the subject of a
+  court-martial; he was found guilty, sentenced to be cashiered, and
+  declared to be "totally unfit to serve his Majesty in any military
+  capacity whatever."</p>
+
+  <p>Judging from the evidence adduced, the conduct of the
+  commander-in-chief was totally unworthy of the flag under which he
+  served, and highly calculated to arouse the indignation of the men whom
+  he commanded; and for some considerable time, whenever the soldiers met
+  together to take a friendly glass, the toast was, "Success to <i>grey
+  hairs</i>, but bad luck to <i>White-locks</i>!" On the whole, the Rev. E.
+  Neale's account seems to be quite impartial; and most persons, after
+  reading the evidence of the general's extremely vacillating conduct, will
+  be inclined to agree with him in awarding this unfortunate officer the
+  title of the "Flincher-General at Buenos Ayres."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Spence Harry.</span></p>
+
+  <p>I have only just seen your correspondent's Reply (Vol. ix., p. 87.)
+  respecting General Whitelocke. He is right in stating that the general
+  resided at Clifton: he might have added, as late as 1830; but he had
+  previously, for time, lived at Butcombe Court, Somersetshire.</p>
+
+  <p>There is an anecdote still rife in the neighbourhood, that when
+  Whitelocke came down to see the house before taking it, he put up at an
+  inn, and after dinner asked the landlord to take a glass of wine with
+  him. Upon announcing, however, who he was, the landlord started up and
+  declared he would not drink another glass with him, throwing down at the
+  same time the price of the bottle, that he might not be indebted to the
+  general.</p>
+
+  <p>Respecting the story of the flints, it is said that he desired them to
+  be taken out of the muskets, wishing that the men should only use their
+  bayonets against the enemy.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ardelio.</span></p>
+
+  <p>I remember well that soon after the unsuccessful attack of General
+  Whitelocke upon Buenos Ayres, it was stated that the flints had been
+  taken out of the muskets of some of our regiments because they were quite
+  raw troops, and the General thought that they might, from want of
+  knowledge and use of fire-arms, do more mischief to themselves than to
+  the enemy, and that they had better trust to the bayonet alone. The
+  consequence was, that when they entered the streets of the town, they
+  found no enemy in them to whom they could apply the bayonet. The
+  inhabitants and troops were in the strong stone houses, and fired on and
+  killed our men with perfect impunity, as not a shot could be fired in
+  return: to surrender was their only chance of life. A reference to a file
+  of newspapers of that date (which I am too lazy to make myself) will show
+  whether this was understood at the time to be a fact or not.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Ss.</span></p>
+
+  <p>In the <i>Autobiography of B. Haydon</i> (I think vol. i.), he
+  mentions that as he was passing through Somersetshire on his way from
+  Plymouth to London, he saw General Whitelocke. A reference to the passage
+  may interest G.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;S.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Denton.</span></p>
+
+  <p>The following charade was in vogue at the time of Whitelocke's
+  death:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"My first is an emblem of purity;</p>
+      <p>My second is that of security;</p>
+      <p>My whole forms a name</p>
+      <p>Which, if yours were the same,</p>
+      <p>You would blush to hand down to posterity."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author">J. Y.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>"MAN PROPOSES, BUT GOD DISPOSES."</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 552.; Vol. ix., p. 87.)</p>
+
+  <p>1. If your correspondent H. P. will again examine my communication on
+  this subject, he will find that I have <i>not</i> overlooked the view
+  which attributes the <i>De Imitatione</i> to John Gerson, but have
+  expressly referred to it.</p>
+
+  <p>2. If Gerson <i>was</i> the author, this will not prove that in
+  quoting the proverb in question, Piers Ploughman quoted from the <i>De
+  Imitatione</i>, as H.&nbsp;P. supposes. The dates which I gave will show this.
+  The <i>Vision</i> was written about <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1362,
+  whereas, according to Du Pin, John Gerson was born December 14, 1363,
+  took a prominent part in the Council of Constance, 1414, and died in
+  1429. Of the Latin writers of the fifteenth century, Mosheim says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"At their head we may justly place John Gerson, Chancellor of the
+  University of Paris, the most illustrious ornament that this age can
+  boast of, a man of great influence and authority, whom the Council of
+  Constance looked upon an its oracle, the lovers of liberty as their
+  patron, and whose memory is yet precious to such among the French clergy
+  as are at all zealous for the maintenance of their privileges against
+  papal despotism."&mdash;<i>Ecc. Hist.</i>, cent. xv. ch. ii. sec. 24.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>3. Gerson was not a Benedictine monk, but a Parisian curé, and Canon
+  of Notre Dame:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"He was made curate (<i>curé</i>, parson or rector) of St. John's, in
+  Greve, on the 29th of March, 1408, and <!-- Page 203 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page203"></a>{203}</span>continued so to 1413,
+  when in a sedition raised by the partizans of the Duke of Burgundy, his
+  house was plundered by the mob, and he obliged to fly into the church of
+  Notre Dame, where he continued for some time concealed."&mdash;Du Pin,
+  <i>History of the Church</i>, cent. xv. ch. viii.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is said that the treatise in question first appeared&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Appended to a MS. of Gerson's <i>De Consolatione Theologiæ</i>, dated
+  1421. This gave rise to the supposition that he was the real author of
+  that celebrated work; and indeed it is a very doubtful point whether this
+  opinion is true or not, there being several high authorities which
+  ascribe to him the authorship of that book."&mdash;Knight's <i>Penny
+  Cyclopædia</i>, vol. vi. art. "Gerson."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Was there then <i>another</i> John Gerson, a monk, and Abbot of St.
+  Stephen, between 1200 and 1240, to whom, as well as to the above, the
+  <i>De Imitatione</i> has been ascribed? This, though not impossible,
+  appears extremely improbable. Is H.&nbsp;P. prepared with evidence to prove
+  it?</p>
+
+  <p>Du Pin, in the chapter above quoted, farther says, in speaking of the
+  <i>De Imitatione Christi</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The style is pretty much like that of the other devotional books of
+  Thomas à Kempis. Nevertheless, in his lifetime it was attributed to St.
+  Bernard and Gerson. The latter was most commonly esteemed the author of
+  it in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Afterwards some MSS. of it
+  were found in Italy, where it is attributed to one Gerson or Gessen, to
+  whom is given the title of <i>abbot</i>. Perhaps Gersen or Gessen are
+  only corruptions of the name of Gerson. Notwithstanding, there are two
+  things which will hardly let us believe that this was Gerson's book; one,
+  that the author calls himself a monk, the other, that the style is very
+  different from that of the Chancellor of Paris. All this makes it
+  difficult to decide to which of these three authors it belongs. We must
+  leave Thomas à Kempis in possession of what is attributed to him, without
+  deciding positively in his favour."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Thomas.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p>
+
+  <p>This saying is quoted twice, as follows, in <i>The Chronicle of Battel
+  Abbey from 1066 to 1177</i>, translated by Mr. Lower, 8vo., London,
+  1851:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Thus, '<i>Man proposes, but God disposes</i>,' for he was not
+  permitted to carry that resolution into effect."&mdash;P. 27.</p>
+
+  <p>"But, as the Scripture saith, '<i>Man proposes, but God disposes</i>,'
+  so Christ suffered not His Church to want its ancient and rightful
+  privileges."&mdash;P. 83.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Mr. Lower says in his Preface, p. x.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Of the identity of the author nothing certain can be inferred, beyond
+  the bare fact of his having been a monk of Battel. A few passages would
+  almost incline one to believe that Abbot Odo, who was living at the date
+  of the last events narrated in the work, and who is known to have been a
+  literary character of some eminence, was the writer of at least some
+  portions of the volume."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is stated at the beginning to be in part derived from early
+  document and traditional statements.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. J. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hastings.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>NAPOLEON'S SPELLING.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 386. 502.)</p>
+
+  <p>The question as to Napoleon's spelling may seem, at first sight, to be
+  one of little importance; and yet, if we will look at it aright, we shall
+  find that it involves many points of interest for the philosopher and the
+  historian. During a residence of some years in France, I had heard it
+  remarked, more than once, by persons who appeared hostile to the Napoleon
+  dynasty, that its great founder had, in his bulletins and other public
+  documents, shown an unaccountable ignorance of the common rules of
+  orthography: but I had never seen the assertion put forth by any
+  competent writer until I met with the remarks of Macaulay, already quoted
+  by me, Vol. viii., p. 386.</p>
+
+  <p>In reply to my inquiry as to the authority for this statement, your
+  correspondent C. has readily and kindly furnished a passable from
+  Bourrienne's <i>Mémoires</i>, in which it is alleged that Napoleon's
+  "orthographe est en général <i>extraordinairement estropiée</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>From all this it must be taken for granted, as, indeed, it has never
+  been denied, that Napoleon's spelling is defective; but the question to
+  be considered is, whether that defectiveness was the effect of ignorance
+  or of design. That it did not arise from ignorance would seem probable
+  for the following reasons.</p>
+
+  <p>Napoleon received his education chiefly in France; and it is to be
+  presumed that the degree of instruction in grammar, orthography, &amp;c.,
+  <i>ordinarily</i> bestowed on educated Frenchmen, was not withheld from
+  him.</p>
+
+  <p>To say the least of it, he was endued with sufficient intelligence to
+  acquire an <i>ordinary</i> knowledge of such matters.</p>
+
+  <p>Nay more: he was a man of the highest order of genius. Between the
+  possession of genius, and a knowledge of orthography, there is, I admit,
+  no necessary connexion. The humblest pedagogue may be able to spell more
+  correctly than the greatest philosopher. But neither, on the other hand,
+  does genius of any kind necessarily preclude a knowledge of spelling.</p>
+
+  <p>While still a young man, Napoleon wrote several works in French, such
+  as the <i>Souper de Beaucaire</i>, the <i>Mémoire sur la Culture du
+  Mûrier</i>, &amp;c. Some of the manuscripts of these writings must be
+  still extant; and a comparison of the spelling of his unpretending youth,
+  with that of his aspiring <!-- Page 204 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page204"></a>{204}</span>manhood, would show at once whether the
+  "<i>orthographe extraordinairement estropiée</i>" of his later
+  productions was the result of habit or design.</p>
+
+  <p>The orthography of the French language is peculiarly intricate; and it
+  is no uncommon thing to meet with educated men in that country who are
+  unable to spell with accuracy. That Napoleon may have been in a similar
+  predicament, would not be surprising; but that it should be said of the
+  most <i>extraordinary</i> man of the age, that his spelling is
+  <i>extraordinairement estropiée</i>, seems inexplicable upon any fair
+  supposition, except that he accounted the rules of spelling unworthy the
+  attention of any but copyists and office drudges; or (which is more
+  probable) that he wished this extraordinary spelling to be received as an
+  indication of the great rapidity with which he could commit his thoughts
+  to paper.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., p. 3.)</p>
+
+  <p>There appearing to be a strong feeling that a correct edition of these
+  <i>Memoirs</i> should be published, with the present inaccurate notes
+  thoroughly revised, I send you a few notes from a collection I have made
+  on the subject.</p>
+
+  <p>The proper orthography of the name is "Gramont," and the family
+  probably originally came from Spain. Matta's friend, the Marquis de
+  Sevantes, asserts the fact; and it is corroborated by the fact, that on
+  the occasion of the Marshal de Grammont's demanding the hand of the
+  Infanta Maria Theresa for Louis XIV., the people cried, "Viva el Marescal
+  de Agramont, que es de nuestro sangue!" And the King of Spain said to the
+  Marshal after the presentation of his sons, the Counts de Guiche and De
+  Louvigny, "Teneis Muy Buenos y lindos hijos y bien se hecha de ver que
+  los Agramonteses salen de la sangue de Espana."</p>
+
+  <p>The Grammont family had been so enriched and ennobled by its repeated
+  marriages with the heiresses of great families, that, like many noble
+  houses of our own times, members of it hardly knew their own correct
+  surname: thus, in the famous declaration of the parliament of Paris
+  against the Peers in 1717, on the subject of the Caps, it was said:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Grammonts have determined on their armorial bearings, and hold to
+  those of the house of Aure. The Count de Grammont said one day to the
+  Marshal, What arms shall we use this year?"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The Grammonts in the male line are descended from Sancho Garcia
+  d'Aure, Viscount de l'Arboust. Menaud d'Aure, his lineal representative,
+  married Claire de Grammont, sister and heiress of Jean, Seigneur de
+  Grammont, and daughter of Francis, Seigneur de Grammont, and Catherine
+  d'Andoins his wife.</p>
+
+  <p>Menaud d'Aure is the ancestor who is disguised in the <i>Memoirs</i>
+  as "Menaudaure" and "Menodore;" and in the notes, coupled with "la belle
+  Corisande," they are styled two of the ancestresses of the family
+  celebrated for their beauty.</p>
+
+  <p>Philibert, who was styled Philibert de Grammont and de Toulongeon,
+  Count de Grammont and de Guiche, Viscount d'Aster, Captain of fifty men
+  at arms, Governor and Mayor of Bayonne, Seneschal of Bearne, married on
+  Aug. 7, 1567, Diana, better known as "La belle Corisande" d'Andouins,
+  Viscountess de Louvigny, Dame de Lescun, the only daughter of Paul
+  Viscount de Louvigny; who, although a Huguenot, was killed at the siege
+  of Rouen, fighting under the command of the Duke de Guise. They had two
+  children: Antoine, subsequently the first duke, and Catherine, who
+  married Francois Nompar de Chaumont, Count de Lauzun, the ancestor of the
+  celebrated Duke de Lauzun, who was first introduced at court by his
+  relative the Marshal de Grammont.</p>
+
+  <p>This Philibert, Count de Grammont, was killed at the siege of La Fere
+  in Aug. 1580. The connexion between his widow, the fair Corisande, and
+  Henry IV., was subsequent to the Count's death.</p>
+
+  <p>The Duchy Peerage was created on Dec. 13, 1643. Antoine, the first
+  duke, married, firstly, on Sept. 1, 1601, Louise, eldest daughter of the
+  Marshal de Roquelaure; she died in 1610, leaving Antoine, subsequently
+  the Marshal Duke de Grammont, and Roger, Count de Louvigny, killed in a
+  duel in Flanders on March 18, 1629. The Duke de Grammont married,
+  secondly, on March 29, 1618, Claude, eldest daughter of Louis de
+  Montmorency, Baron de Boutteville; and had Henri, Count de Toulongeon,
+  who died unmarried on Sept. 1, 1679; Philibert, the celebrated Chevalier
+  de Grammont, who was born in 1621; and three daughters.</p>
+
+  <p>The Marshal de Grammont was one of the most celebrated men of the
+  court of Louis XIV.: he was a favourite both of Richelieu and Mazarin,
+  and married a niece of the former; and, as a wit, was not inferior to his
+  brother the Chevalier. He sided with the Court during the wars of the
+  Fronde; whilst the Chevalier in the first instance joined the Prince of
+  Condé, probably from their mutual connexion with the Montmorency family.
+  The Marshal died at Bayonne, on July 12, 1678, aged seventy-four years,
+  leaving four children, of whom the Count de Guiche and the Princess de
+  Monaco are well known.</p>
+
+  <p>The Chevalier de Grammont received his outfit from his mother, and
+  joined the army under Prince Thomas of Savoy, then besieging Trin in
+  Piedmont, which was taken on Sept. 24, 1643. The notes to the
+  <i>Memoirs</i> say May 4, 1639; but that <!-- Page 205 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page205"></a>{205}</span>was a former siege by
+  the French, then under the command of the Cardinal de la Vallette.</p>
+
+  <p>Probably this will be as much as you can afford space for at present,
+  and I will therefore reserve any farther communications for a future
+  Number.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. H. Lammin.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Fulham.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE MYRTLE BEE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 593.)</p>
+
+  <p>Ere venturing an opinion as to the exact size of the above, as
+  compared with the Golden-crested Wren, I should much like to ascertain
+  where I am likely to meet with a faithful specimen of the latter? The
+  Myrtle Bee is about half the size of the common Wren, certainly not
+  larger: and I always took it for granted, the bird derived its name from
+  its diminutiveness and the cover it frequented. I cannot say the bird was
+  generally known in the neighbourhood, having only met with it when in
+  company with sportsmen, in a description of country little frequented by
+  others. I originally obtained the name when a boy from a deceased parent
+  whom I accompanied out shooting; and for a succession of years the bird
+  was familiar to me, in fact, to all sportsmen of that period who shot
+  over the immediate locality; we all knew it, although its name was seldom
+  mentioned. In fact, it never induced a thought beyond&mdash;"Confound the
+  bees, how they bother the dogs"&mdash;or some such expression. I am
+  unacquainted with the Dartford Warbler (<i>Sylvia provincialis</i>,
+  Gmel.); but the description as quoted by Mr. Salmon from Yarrell's
+  <i>Hist. of British Birds</i>, 1839, vol. i. p. 311. et seq., differs
+  from the Myrtle Bee. The Warbler is said to haunt and build among furze
+  on commons, and flies with jerks; whereas I never met with the Myrtle Bee
+  among furze, neither does it fly with jerks: on the contrary, its short
+  flight is rapid, steady, and direct. The description of the Warbler
+  appears to agree with a small bird well known here as the Furze Chat, but
+  which is out of all proportion as compared with the Myrtle Bee.</p>
+
+  <p>As regards the Query touching the possibility of my memory being
+  treacherous respecting the colour of the bird, after a lapse of
+  twenty-five years, more faith will be placed therein on my stating that I
+  am an old fly-fisher, making my own flies: and that no strange bird ever
+  came to hand without undergoing a searching scrutiny as to colour and
+  texture of the feathers, with the view of converting it to fishing
+  purposes. No such use could be made of the Bee. In a former Number I
+  described the tongue of the Myrtle Bee as round, sharp, and pointed at
+  the end, appearing capable of penetration. I beg to say that I was solely
+  indebted to accident in being able to do so, viz. the tongue protruded
+  beyond the point of the bill, owing to the pressure it received in my
+  dog's mouth; the dog having brought it out enveloped in dead grass, from
+  the foot of the myrtle bush.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charles Brown.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CELTIC ETYMOLOGY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ix., p. 136.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span> seems to confine the word
+  <i>Celtic</i> to the Irish branch of that dialect. My notion of the words
+  <i>iosal</i> and <i>iriosal</i> is taken from the Highland Gaelic, and
+  the authorised version of the Bible in that language. Let Celtic scholars
+  who look to the sense of words in the <i>four</i> spoken languages,
+  decide between us. There can be no doubt of the meaning of the two words
+  in the Gaelic of Job v. 11. and Ps. iv. 6. In Welsh, and (I believe) in
+  bas-Breton, there is no word similar to <i>uim</i> or <i>umhal</i>, in
+  the senses of <i>humus</i> and <i>humilis</i>, to be found. In Gaelic
+  <i>uir</i> is more common than <i>uim</i>, and <i>talamh</i> more common
+  than either in the sense of <i>humus</i>; and in that of <i>humble</i>,
+  <i>iosal</i> and <i>iriosal</i> are much more common than
+  <i>umhal</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>It is certain that Latin was introduced into Ireland before it reached
+  the Highlands, and Christianity with it; and therefore, as this word is
+  not found in one branch of the Celtic at all, and is not a very common
+  word in another, it is not unreasonable to suppose that it is of Latin
+  origin. The sense which <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span> declares to
+  be the only sense of <i>iosal</i> and <i>iriosal</i>, is precisely that
+  which is the nearest to the original meaning of <i>low</i>, and <i>low as
+  the earth</i>; and this is also the sense which <i>humilis</i> always
+  bears in classical Latin, though Christianity (which first recognised
+  <i>humility</i> as a virtue, instead of stigmatising it as a meanness)
+  attached to it the sense which its derivatives in all modern Romance
+  languages, with the exception of Italian, exclusively bear.</p>
+
+  <p>Now <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span> has omitted to notice the
+  fact that <i>umhal</i> in Gaelic, and, I believe, <i>umal</i> in Irish,
+  have not the intermediate sense of <i>low</i> and <i>cringing</i>, but
+  only the Christian sense of <i>humble</i>, as a virtuous attribute. It
+  seems natural that if <i>uim</i> and <i>umal</i> were radical words, the
+  latter would bear the some relation to <i>uim</i>, in every respect,
+  which <i>humilis</i> does to <i>humus</i>, its supposed derivative. But
+  unless <i>humus</i> be derived from <span title="chamai" class="grk"
+  >&chi;&#x1F71;&mu;&alpha;&iota;</span> (the root of <span title="chthôn" class="grk"
+  >&chi;&theta;&#x1F7C;&nu;</span> and <span title="chthamalos" class="grk"
+  >&chi;&theta;&alpha;&mu;&alpha;&lambda;&#x1F78;&sigmaf;</span>), how does
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span> account for the <i>h</i>, which had
+  a sound in Latin as well as <i>horror</i> and <i>hostilis</i>, both of
+  which retain the aspirate in English, though they lose it in French? If
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span> will tell me why <i>horreur</i> and
+  <i>hostile</i> have no aspirate in French, I will tell him why
+  <i>heir</i>, <i>honour</i>, and <i>humour</i> have none in English,
+  though <i>humid</i> (which is as closely connected with <i>humour</i>, as
+  <i>humidus</i> is with <i>humor</i>) retains the aspirate. <!-- Page 206
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page206"></a>{206}</span></p>
+
+  <p>These Celtic etymologies, however, though amusing, do not touch the
+  main point, which is simply this: the usual mode of pronouncing the word
+  <i>humble</i> in good English society. What that is, seems to be so
+  satisfactorily shown by your correspondent S.&nbsp;G.&nbsp;C., Vol. viii., p. 393.,
+  that all farther argument on the subject would be superfluous.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. C. H.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Improvements in the Albumenized Process.</i>&mdash;Your expectation
+  of being soon able to announce the successful manufacture of a new
+  negative calotype paper, will, I am sure, be gladly received by many
+  photographers, and especially by those who, like me, have been subjected
+  to much disappointment with Turner's paper. For one sheet that has turned
+  out well, at least half-a-dozen have proved useless from spottiness, and
+  some sheets do not take the iodizing solution evenly, from an apparent
+  want of uniformity in the texture of the paper, which causes the solution
+  to penetrate portions the moment it is laid on the solution. Undoubtedly,
+  when it does succeed, it is superior to Whatman's, but this is not enough
+  to compensate for its extreme uncertainty.</p>
+
+  <p>In <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond's</span> directions for the calotype,
+  he gave a formula for the addition of bromide of potassium to the iodide
+  of potassium, but did not speak with much certainty as to the
+  proportions. Will he kindly say whether he has made farther trials; and
+  if so, whether they confirm the proportions given by him, or have led him
+  to adopt any change in this respect? and will he likewise say whether the
+  iodizing solution which he recommends for Turner's paper, is suitable
+  also to Whatman's?</p>
+
+  <p>In albumenizing paper, I have not found it desirable to remove the
+  paper very slowly from the solution. Whenever I have done so, it has
+  invariably dried with waves and streaks, which quite spoiled the sheet. A
+  steady motion, neither too slow nor too quick, I have found succeed
+  perfectly, so that I now never spoil a sheet. I have used the solution
+  with less albumen than recommended by <span class="sc">Dr.
+  Diamond</span>. My formula has been.&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Albumen              8 oz.</p>
+      <p>Water                12 oz.</p>
+      <p>Muriate ammon.       60 grs.</p>
+      <p>Common salt          60 grs.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>And this, I find, gives a sufficient gloss to the paper; but that of
+  course is a matter of taste.</p>
+
+  <p>I have not either found it essential to allow the paper to remain on
+  the solution three minutes or longer, as recommended by <span
+  class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span>. With Canson paper, either negative or
+  positive, a minute and a half has been sufficient. I have used two
+  dishes, and as soon as a sheet was removed, drained, and replaced, I have
+  taken the sheet from the other dish. In this way I found that each sheet
+  lay on the solution about one and a half minutes, and with the assistance
+  of a person to hang and dry them (which I have done before a fire), I
+  have prepared from forty to forty-five sheets in an hour, requiring of
+  course to be ironed afterwards.</p>
+
+  <p>I have tried a solution of nitrate of silver of thirty grains to one
+  ounce of distilled water, to excite this paper, and it appears to answer
+  just as well as forty grains. I send you two small collodion views, takes
+  by me and printed on albumenized paper prepared as mentioned, and excited
+  with a 30-grain solution of nitrate of silver.</p>
+
+  <p>Is there any certain way of telling the right side of Canson paper,
+  negative and positive? On the positive paper on one side, when held in a
+  particular position towards the light, shaded bars may be observed; and
+  on this side, when looked <i>through</i>, the name reads right. Is this
+  the right or the wrong side?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. E. F.</p>
+
+  <p>Since I wrote to you last, I have tried a solution of twelve grains
+  only of nitrate of silver to the ounce of distilled water, for the paper
+  albumenized, as mentioned in my letter of the 13th of February, and have
+  found it to answer perfectly. The paper I used was <i>thin</i> Canson,
+  floated for one minute exactly on the solution; but I have no doubt the
+  thick Canson will succeed just as well; and here I may observe that I
+  have never found any advantage in allowing the paper to rest on the
+  solution for three or four minutes, as generally recommended, but the
+  contrary, as the paper, without being in the least more sensitive,
+  becomes much sooner discoloured by keeping. My practice has been to float
+  the thin Canson about half a minute, and the thick Canson not more than a
+  minute.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. E. F.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Mr. Crookes on restoring old Collodion.</i>&mdash;I am happy to
+  explain to your correspondent what I consider to be the <i>rationale</i>
+  of the process.</p>
+
+  <p>The colour which iodized collodion assumes on keeping, I consider to
+  be entirely due to the gradual separation of iodine from the iodide of
+  potassium or ammonium originally introduced. There are several ways in
+  which this may take place; if the cotton on paper contain the slightest
+  trace of nitric acid, owing to its not being <i>thoroughly</i> washed
+  (and this is not as easy as is generally supposed), the liberation of
+  iodine in the collodion is certain to take place a short time after its
+  being made.</p>
+
+  <p>It is possible also that there may be a gradual decomposition of the
+  zyloidin itself, and consequent liberation of the iodide by this means,
+  with formation of nitrate of potassa or ammonia; but the most probable
+  cause I consider to be the following. The ether gradually absorbs oxygen
+  from the atmosphere, being converted into acetic acid; this, by its
+  superior affinities, reacts on the iodide present, converting it into
+  acetate, with liberation of hydriodic acid; while this latter, under the
+  influence of the atmospheric oxygen, is very rapidly converted into water
+  and iodine.</p>
+
+  <p>I am satisfied by experiment that this is one of the causes of the
+  separation of iodine, and I think it is the only one, for the following
+  reason; neither bromised nor chlorised collodion undergo the slightest
+  change of colour, however long they may be kept. Now, if the former
+  agencies were at work, there is no reason why bromine should not be
+  liberated from a bromide as well as iodine from an iodide; but on the
+  latter <!-- Page 207 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page207"></a>{207}</span>supposition, could take place, the
+  affinities of acetic acid being insufficient to displace hydrobromic
+  acid.</p>
+
+  <p>A great many experiments which I tried last autumn, for the express
+  purpose of clearing up this point, have convinced me that, <i>cæteris
+  paribus</i>, the addition of free iodine to the iodizing solution, tends
+  to diminish the sensitiveness of the subsequently formed iodide of
+  silver. On paper, this diminution of sensitiveness is attended with some
+  advantages, so that at present I hardly know whether to introduce the
+  free iodine or not; but in collodion, as far as my experience goes, I see
+  no reason for retaining it; on the contrary, everything seems to be in
+  favour of its removal.</p>
+
+  <p>I can hardly imagine that the increased sensitiveness mentioned by
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Hennah</span> is really due to the free iodine which
+  he introduces. Such a result being so contrary to all my experience, I
+  would venture to suggest that there must be some other cause for its
+  beneficial action; for instance, commercial iodide of potassium is
+  generally alkaline, owing to impurities present; the tincture of iodine
+  in this case would render the collodion neutral, and unless a very large
+  excess of iodine were introduced, its good effects would be very
+  apparent. This, however, involving the employment of impure chemicals, is
+  a very improbable explanation of a phenomenon observed by so excellent an
+  operator as <span class="sc">Mr. Hennah</span>: there is most likely some
+  local cause which would be overlooked unless expressly searched for.</p>
+
+  <p>With regard to the point, whether the free iodine is the <i>sole</i>
+  cause of the deterioration of old collodion, I should say decidedly not,
+  at least in a theoretical view; the liberation of free iodine
+  necessitates some other changes in the collodion, and the result must be
+  influenced by these in one way or another, but practically I have as yet
+  found nothing to warrant the supposition that they perceptibly interfere
+  with the sensitiveness of the film.</p>
+
+  <p>In the above I have endeavoured as much as possible to avoid
+  technicalities, in order to make it intelligible to amateurs; but if
+  there be any part which may be considered obscure, on its being pointed
+  out to me, I will endeavour to solve the difficulty.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Crookes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hammersmith.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Photographic Queries.</i>&mdash;1. Would you, Sir, or <span
+  class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> (<span class="sc">Dr. Mansell</span> is too
+  far off), be kind enough to inform your readers whether <span
+  class="sc">Dr. Mansell's</span> process, recommended in No. 225., is
+  equally applicable to <i>inland</i> as to sea-side operations; or must
+  we, in the one case, follow <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span>, and in
+  the other <span class="sc">Dr. Mansell</span>, and thus be compelled to
+  prepare two sets of papers?</p>
+
+  <p>2. <span class="sc">Dr. Mansell</span> recommends, as a test for the
+  iodized paper, a <i>strong</i> solution of bichloride of mercury; may we
+  ask <i>how strong</i>?</p>
+
+  <p>3. <span class="sc">Mr. Sisson's</span> developing fluid has undergone
+  so many changes, and has been so much written about, that we are at a
+  loss to discover or to determine whether it has been at length settled,
+  in the mind of the inventor, that it will do equally well for negatives
+  as for positives.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Four Photographic Readers.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[1. Both papers are equally available for both purposes. In actual
+  practice we have not ourselves experienced any difference in their
+  results.</p>
+
+  <p>2. It is quite immaterial. A drachm of bichloride dissolved in one
+  ounce of spirits of wine will cause a cloudiness and a precipitate, if a
+  very few drops are added to the tested water.</p>
+
+  <p>3. In general the salts of iron are more adapted for positives, and
+  weak pyrogallic acid solutions for negatives; say one and a half grain of
+  pyrogallic acid, twenty minims of glacial acetic acid, and an ounce of
+  distilled water.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>London Fortifications</i> (Vol. ix., p. 174.).&mdash;In last week's
+  Number is an inquiry as to "London Fortifications" in the time of the
+  Commonwealth.</p>
+
+  <p>There is a Map by Vertue, dated 1738, in a folio <i>History of
+  London</i>; there is one a trifle smaller, copied from the above; also
+  one with page of description, <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, June, 1749. I
+  subscribed to a set of twenty etchings, published last year by Mr. P.
+  Thompson of the New Road; they are very curious, being facsimiles of a
+  set of drawings done by a Capt. John Eyre of Oliver Cromwell's own
+  regiment, dated 1643. The drawings are now I believe in the possession of
+  the City of London.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Constant Reader.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The drawings referred to by our correspondent are, we hear, by
+  competent judges regarded as <i>not genuine</i>. Such also, we are told,
+  is the opinion given of many drawings ascribed to Hollar and Captain John
+  Eyre, which have been purchased by a gentleman of our acquaintance, and
+  submitted by him to persons most conversant with such drawings. Query,
+  Are the drawings purporting to be by Captain John Eyre, drawings of the
+  period at which they are dated?]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Burke's Domestic Correspondence</i> (Vol. ix., p. 9.).&mdash;In
+  reference to a Query in "N.&amp; Q." relative to unpublished documents
+  respecting Edmund Burke, I beg to inform your correspondent N.&nbsp;O. that I
+  have no doubt but that some new light might be thrown on the subject by
+  an application to Mr. George Shackleton, Ballitore, a descendant of
+  Abraham Shackleton, Burke's old schoolmaster, who I believe has a
+  quantity of letters written to his old master Abraham, and also to his
+  son Richard, who had Burke for a schoolfellow, and continued the
+  friendship afterwards, both by writing and personally. When Richard
+  attended yearly meetings in London, he was always a guest at
+  Beaconsfield. Burke was so much attached to Richard, that on one of these
+  visits he caused Shackleton's portrait to be painted and presented it to
+  him, and it is now in the possession of the above family. I have no doubt
+  but that an application to the above gentleman would produce some
+  testimony.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. H.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 208 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page208"></a>{208}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Battle of Villers-en-Couché</i> (Vol. viii. <i>passim</i>).&mdash;A
+  good account of this celebrated engagement, with several authentic
+  documents relating to what happened on the occasion, will be found in
+  that very interesting little work, <i>Risen from the Ranks</i>, by the
+  Rev. E. Neale (London, Longmans, 1853).</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Spence Harry.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>I could not love thee, dear, so much</i>" (Vol. ix., p.
+  125.).&mdash;These lines are from an exquisite <i>morceau</i> entitled
+  <i>To Lucasta, on going to the Wars</i>, by the gay, gallant, and
+  ill-fated cavalier, Richard Lovelace, whose undying loyalty and love, and
+  whose life, and every line that he wrote, are all redolent of the best
+  days of chivalry. They are to be found in a 12mo. volume, <i>Lucasta</i>,
+  London, 1649. The entire piece is so short, that I venture to subjoin
+  it:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Tell me not, sweet, I am unkinde,</p>
+      <p class="i1">That from the nunnerie</p>
+      <p>Of thy chaste breast and quiet minde,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To warre and armes I flie.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"True, a new mistresse now I chase,</p>
+      <p class="i1">The first foe in the field;</p>
+      <p>And with a stronger faith imbrace</p>
+      <p class="i1">A sword, a horse, a shield.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Yet this inconstancy is such,</p>
+      <p class="i1">As you too shall adore;</p>
+      <p>I could not love thee, deare, so much,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Loved I not honour more."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>To the honour of Kent be it remembered that Lovelace was &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span
+  class="sc">Cantianus.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We are also indebted for Replies to <span class="sc">E.&nbsp;L. Holt
+  White, Geo. E. Frere, E.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;H., J.&nbsp;K.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;W., H.&nbsp;J. Raines, M.D., F.&nbsp;J.
+  Scott, W.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;B. Smith, E.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;T.&nbsp;T., C.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;E., F.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;E.</span>, &amp;c.
+  "Lovelace (says Wood) made his amours to a gentlewoman of great beauty
+  and fortune, named Lucy Sacheverel, whom he usually called Lux casta; but
+  she, upon a strong report that he was dead of his wound received at
+  Dunkirk (where he had brought a regiment for the service of the French
+  king), soon after married."&mdash;Wood's <i>Athenæ Oxonienses</i>, vol.
+  iii. p. 462.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Charles Cotterell</i> (Vol. viii., p. 564.).&mdash;Sir Charles
+  Cotterell, the translator of <i>Cassandra</i>, was Master of the
+  Ceremonies to Charles II.; which office he resigned to his son in 1686,
+  and died about 1687. I cannot say where he was buried. I am in possession
+  of a copy of&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Memorialls of Margaret de Valoys, first Wife to Henry the Fourth,
+  King of France and Navarre; compiled in French by her own most delicate
+  and Royal hand, and translated into English by Robert Codrington, Master
+  of Arts: London, printed by R.&nbsp;H. 1661."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is dedicated to "To the true lover of all good learning, the truly
+  honourable Sir Charles Cotterell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies,"
+  &amp;c. On the fly-leaf of it is written, "Frances Cottrell, her booke,
+  given by my honor'd grandfather Sir Cha. Cottrell." This edition is not
+  mentioned by Lowndes; he only speaks of one of the date of 1662, with a
+  title slightly different.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C&mdash;S. T. P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Muffins and Crumpets</i> (Vol. ix., p. 77).&mdash;Crumpet,
+  according to Todd's <i>Johnson</i>, is derived from A.-S. <a
+  href="images/227_020.png"><img src="images/227_020.png" class="middle"
+  style="height:2ex" alt="Anglo-Saxon: crompeht" /></a>, which Boswell
+  explains, "full of crumples, wrinkled." Perhaps muffin is derived from,
+  or connected with, the following:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Mofflet.</span> <i>Moffletus.</i> Mofletus Panis
+  delicatioris species, qui diatim distribui solet Canonicis præbendariis;
+  Tolosatibus <i>Pain Moufflet</i>, quasi <i>Pain molet</i> dictus; forte
+  quod ejusmodi panes singulis diebus coquantur, atque recentes et teneri
+  distribuantur."&mdash;<i>Du Cange.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The latter part of the description is very applicable to this
+  article.</p>
+
+  <p>Under <i>Panes Præbendarii</i>, Du Cange says, "Innoc. Cironus
+  observat ejusmodi panes Præbendarios dici, et in Tolosano tractu
+  <i>Moufflets</i> appellari." (See "N. &amp; Q," Vol. i., pp. 173. 205.
+  253.)</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus.</span></p>
+
+  <p>Todd, for the derivation of crumpet, gives the Saxon <a
+  href="images/227_020.png"><img src="images/227_020.png" class="middle"
+  style="height:2ex" alt="Anglo-Saxon: crompeht" /></a>. To <i>crump</i> is
+  to eat a hard cake (Halliwell's <i>Archaisms</i>). Perhaps its usual
+  accompaniment on the tea-table may be indebted for its name to its
+  muff-like softness to the touch before toasting.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Clunk</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 65.).&mdash;The Scotch, and English,
+  <i>clunk</i> must have different meanings: for Jamieson defines the verb
+  <i>to clunk</i> "to emit a hollow and interrupted sound, as that
+  proceeding from any liquid confined in a cask, when shaken, if the cask
+  be not full;" and <i>to guggle</i>, as a "straight-necked bottle, when it
+  is emptying;" and yet I am inclined to believe that the word also
+  signifies <i>to swallow</i>, as in England. In the humorous ballad of
+  "Rise up and bar the door," <i>clunk</i> seems to be used in the sense of
+  to swallow:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And first they eat the while puddins, and then they eat the black;</p>
+      <p>The gudeman said within himsel, the Deil <i>clunk</i> ower ai that."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>That is, may you swallow the devil with the black puddings, they
+  perhaps being the best to the good man's taste. True, I have seen the
+  word printed "clink," instead of <i>clunk</i> in this song; but
+  erroneously I think, as there is no signification of <i>clink</i> in
+  Jamieson that could be appropriately used by the man who saw his
+  favourite puddings devoured before his face. To <i>clink</i>, means to
+  "beat smartly", to "rivet the point of a nail," to "propagate scandal, or
+  any rumour quickly;" none of which significations could be substituted
+  for <i>clunk</i> in the ballad.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Stephens.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Picts' Houses</i> (Vol. viii., p. 392.).&mdash;Such buildings
+  underground as those described as Picts' <!-- Page 209 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page209"></a>{209}</span>houses, were not
+  uncommon on the borders of the Tweed. A number of them, apparently
+  constructed as described, were discovered in a field on the farm of
+  Whitsome Hill, Berwickshire, about forty years ago. They were supposed to
+  have been made for the detention of prisoners taken in the frays during
+  the Border feuds: and afterwards they were employed to conceal spirits,
+  smuggled either across the Border, or from abroad.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Stephens.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Tailless Cats</i> (Vol. ix., p. 10.).&mdash;The tailless cats are
+  still procurable in the Isle of Man, though many an unfortunate pussey
+  with the tail cut off is palmed off as genuine on the unwary. The real
+  tailless breed are rather longer in the hind legs than the ordinary cat,
+  and grow to a large size.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. P.</p>
+
+  <p>Though not a Manx man by birth, I can assure your correspondent <span
+  class="sc">Shirley Hibberd</span>, that there is not only a species of
+  tailless cats in the Isle of Man, but also of tailless barn-door fowls. I
+  believe the latter are also to be found in Malta.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. P. Paling.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chorley.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Cock-and-bull story</i>" (Vol. v., pp. 414. 447.).&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Dr. Maitland</span>, in his somewhat sarcastic remarks
+  respecting "cock-and-bull stories," extracted from Mr. Faber's work, has,
+  no doubt, given a true account of the "cock on the church steeple, as
+  being symbolical of a doctor or teacher." Still I cannot see that this at
+  all explains the expression of a "cock-and-bull story." Will <span
+  class="sc">Dr. Maitland</span> be so good as to enlighten me on this
+  point?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. R. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Market Crosses</i> (Vol. v., p. 511.).&mdash;Does not the marriage
+  at the market cross allude simply to the civil marriages in the time of
+  the Commonwealth, not alluding to any religious edifice at all? An
+  inspection of many parish registers of that period will, I think, prove
+  this.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. R. R.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Largesse</i>" (Vol. v., p. 557.).&mdash;The word <i>largesse</i>
+  is not peculiar to Northamptonshire: I well remember it used in Essex at
+  harvest-time, being shouted out at such time through the village to ask
+  for a gift, as I always understood. A.&nbsp;B. may be referred to
+  <i>Marmion</i>, Canto <span class="scac">I.</span> note 10.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. R. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Awkward, Awart, Awalt</i> (Vol. viii., p. 310.).&mdash;When fat
+  sheep roll over upon their backs, and cannot get up of themselves, they
+  are said to be lying <i>awkward</i>, in some places <i>awalt</i>, and in
+  others <i>awart</i>. Is <i>awkward</i>, in this sense, the same word that
+  treated by H.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;K.?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Morgan Odoherty</i> (Vol. viii., p. 11.).&mdash;In reference to the
+  remarks of <span class="sc">Mr. J.&nbsp;S. Warden</span> on the Morgan
+  Odoherty of Blackwood's <i>Magazine</i>, I had imagined it was very
+  generally known by literary men that that <i>nom de guerre</i> was
+  assumed by the late Captain Hamilton, author of the <i>Annals of the
+  Peninsular Campaigns</i>, and other works; and brother of Sir William
+  Hamilton, Professor of Logic in the University of Edinburgh. I had never
+  heard, until mentioned by <span class="sc">Mr. Warden</span>, that Dr.
+  Maginn was ever identified with that name.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Black Rat</i> (Vol. vii., p. 206.).&mdash;In reply to the question
+  of <span class="sc">Mr. Shirley Hibberd</span>, whether the original rat
+  of this country is still in existence, I may mention, that in the
+  agricultural districts of Forfarshire, the Black Rat (<i>Mus rattus</i>)
+  was in existence a few years ago. On pulling down the remains of an old
+  farm-steading in 1823, after the building of a new one, they were there
+  so numerous, that a greyhound I had destroyed no fewer than seventy-seven
+  of them in the course of a couple of hours. Having used precautions
+  against their lodgment in the new steading, under the floors, and on the
+  tops of the party walls, they were effectually banished from the
+  farm.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Stephens.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Blue Bells of Scotland</i> (Vol. viii., p. 388.).&mdash;Your
+  correspondent <a href="images/oldew.png"><img src="images/oldew.png"
+  class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="Old English W" /></a>. of
+  Philadelphia is in error in supposing that the beautiful song, "Blue
+  Bells of Scotland," was any reference to bells painted blue. That
+  charming melody refers to a very common pretty flower in Scotland, the
+  <i>Campanula latifolia</i> of Linnæus, the flowers of which are drooping
+  and bell-shaped, and of a blue colour.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Stephens.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Grammars, &amp;c. for Public Schools</i> (Vol. ix., p. 8.,
+  &amp;c.).&mdash;Pray add to the list a Latin grammar, under the title of
+  <i>The Common Accidence Improved</i>, by the Rev. Edward Owen, Rector of
+  Warrington, and for fifty years Master of the Grammar School founded in
+  that town, under the will of Sir Thomas Boteler, on April 27, 1526. I
+  believe it was first published in 1770, but the copy now before me is of
+  an edition printed in 1800; and the Preface contains a promise (I know
+  not whether afterwards fulfilled) of the early publication of the rules,
+  versified on the plan of Busbey and Ruddiman, under the title of
+  <i>Elementa Latina Metrica</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. F. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Warville</i> (Vol. viii., p. 516.).&mdash;As regards the letter
+  <i>W</i>, there is a distinction to be made between proper names and
+  other words in the French language. The exclusion of that letter from the
+  alphabet is sufficient proof that there are no words of French origin
+  that begin with it; but the proper names in which it figures are common
+  enough in recent times. Of these, the greater number have been imported
+  from the neighbouring countries of Germany, Switzerland, and <!-- Page
+  210 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page210"></a>{210}</span>Belgium:
+  and some too are of local origin or formation.</p>
+
+  <p>In the latter category is the name of <i>Warville</i>, which is
+  derived from Ouarville, near Chartres, where Brissot was born in 1754.
+  Between the French <i>ouar</i> and our "war," there is a close similarity
+  of sound; and in the spirit of innovation, which characterised the age of
+  Brissot, the transition was a matter of easy accomplishment. Hence the
+  <i>nom de guerre</i> of Warville, by which he was known to his
+  cotemporaries.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>The Camden Society</i> has just issued a volume of domestic
+  letters, which contain much curious illustration of the stirring times to
+  which they refer. The volume is entitled <i>Letters of the Lady Brilliana
+  Harley, wife of Sir Robert Harley, of Brampton Bryan, Knight of the Bath,
+  with Introduction and Notes</i>, by the Rev. T.&nbsp;T. Lewis. The writer,
+  Lady Brilliana, was a daughter of Sir Edward Conway, afterwards Baron
+  Conway, and is supposed to have been born whilst her father was
+  Lieut.-Governor of the "Brill." The earlier letters (1625-1633) are
+  addressed to her husband, the remainder (1638-1643) to her son Edward,
+  during his residence at Oxford. The appendix contains several documents
+  of considerable historical interest.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Elements of Jurisprudence</i>, by C. J. Foster, M.A., Professor of
+  Jurisprudence at University College, London, is an able and well-written
+  endeavour to settle the principles upon which law is to be founded.
+  Believing that law is capable of scientific reduction, Professor Foster
+  has in this little work attempted, and with great ability, to show the
+  principles upon which he thinks it must be so reduced.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Croker has reprinted from <i>The Times</i> his correspondence with
+  Lord John Russell on some passages of Moore's <i>Diary</i>. In the
+  postscript which he has added, explanatory of Mr. Moore's acquaintance
+  and correspondence with him, Mr. Croker convicts Moore, by passages from
+  his own letters, of writing very fulsomely <i>to</i> Mr. Croker, at the
+  same time that he was writing very sneeringly <i>of</i> him.</p>
+
+  <p>A three days' sale of very fine books, from the library of a
+  collector, was concluded on Wednesday the 22nd ult. by Messrs. Sotheby
+  and Wilkinson, at their house in Wellington Street. The following prices
+  of some of the more rare and curious lots exhibit a high state of
+  bibliographical prosperity, notwithstanding the gloomy aspect of these
+  critical times:&mdash;Lot 23, Biographie Universelle, fine paper, 52
+  vols., 29<i>l.</i>; lot 82, Donne's Poems, a fine large copy, 7<i>l.</i>
+  10<i>s.</i>; lot 90, Drummond of Hawthornden's Poems, 6<i>l.</i>; lot
+  137, Book of Christian Prayers, known as Queen Elizabeth's Prayer Book,
+  10<i>l.</i>; lot 53, a fine copy of Coryat's Crudities, 10<i>l.</i>
+  15<i>s.</i>; lot 184, Breydenbach, Sanctarum Peregrinationum in Montem
+  Syon, first edition, 15<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i>; lot 190, the Book of
+  Fayttes of Armes and Chyvalry, by Caxton, with two leaves in fac-simile,
+  77<i>l.</i>; lot 192, Chaucer's Works, the edition of 1542, 10<i>l.</i>
+  5<i>s.</i>; lot 200, Dugdale's Warwickshire, 13<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i>; lot
+  293, a gorgeous Oriental Manuscript from the Palace of Tippoo Saib,
+  enriched with 157 large paintings, full of subject, 112<i>l.</i>; lot
+  240, Horæ Virginis Mariæ, a charming Flemish Manuscript, with 12
+  exquisite illuminations of a high class, 100<i>l.</i>; lot 229, Milton's
+  Minor Poems, first edition, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i>; lot 315, Navarre
+  Nouvelles, fine paper, 5<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>; lot 326, Fenton's Certaine
+  Tragicall Discourses, first edition, 11<i>l.</i>; lot 330, Gascoigne's
+  Pleasauntest Workes, fine copy, 14<i>l.</i>; lot 344, Horæ Virginis
+  Mariæ, beautifully printed upon vellum, by Kerver, 26<i>l.</i>; lot 347,
+  Latimer's Sermons, Daye, 1571, 14<i>l.</i>; lot 364, Milton's Comus,
+  first edition, 10<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i>; lot 365, Milton's Paradise Lost,
+  first edition, 12<i>l.</i> 17<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; lot 376, The Shah
+  Nameh, a fine Persian manuscript, 10<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; lot
+  379, Froissart Chroniques, first edition, 22<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i>; lot
+  381, a fine copy of Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, five vols.,
+  69<i>l.</i>; lot 390, the original edition of Holinshed's Chronicles,
+  16<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i>; lot 401, Lancelot du Lac, Chevalier de la Table
+  Ronde, Petit, 1533, 16<i>l.</i>; lot 406, the original edition of Laud's
+  Book of Common Prayer, 12<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i>; lot 412, Meliadus de
+  Leonnoys, a romance of the round table, 11<i>l.</i>; lot 417, a superb
+  copy of Montfaucon's Works, with the La Monarchie Française, 50<i>l.</i>;
+  lot 418, Works of Sir Thomas More, with the rare leaf, 14<i>l.</i>
+  5<i>s.</i>; lot 563, Shakspeare's Life of Sir John Oldcastle,
+  11<i>l.</i>; lot 564, A Midsomer Night's Dream (1600), 18<i>l.</i>
+  5<i>s.</i>; lot 611, Shakspeare's Comedies, fine copy of the second
+  edition, 28<i>l.</i>; lot 599, the celebrated Letter of Cardinal Pole,
+  printed on large paper, of which two copies only are known, 64<i>l.</i>;
+  lot 601, Purchas, his Pilgrimes, five vols., a fine copy, with the rare
+  frontispiece, 65<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> The 634 lots produced
+  2,616<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>&mdash;<i>Dante translated into
+  English Verse</i>, by J.&nbsp;C. Wright, M.A., with Thirty-four Engravings on
+  Steel, after Flaxman. This new volume of Bohn's <i>Illustrated
+  Library</i> is one of those marvels of cheapness with which Mr. Bohn ever
+  and anon surprises us.&mdash;<i>Curiosities of Bristol and its
+  Neighborhood</i>, Nos. I.-V., is a sort of local "N. &amp; Q," calculated
+  to interest not Bristolians only.&mdash;<i>Poetical Works of John
+  Dryden</i>, edited by Robert Bell, Vol. II., forms the new volume of the
+  <i>Annotated Edition of the English Poets.&mdash;The Carafas of
+  Maddaloni: Naples under Spanish Dominion</i>, the new volume of Bohn's
+  <i>Standard Library</i>, is a translation from a German work of
+  considerable research by Alfred Reumont.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Schiller's Poems</span>, translated by Merivale.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">S. N. Coleridge's Biographia Literaria.</span></p>
+
+  <p>&mdash;&mdash; <span class="sc">Essays on his own Times.</span></p>
+
+  <p>&mdash;&mdash; <span class="sc">Poems.</span> 1 Vol.</p>
+
+  <p>&mdash;&mdash; <span class="sc">Confessions of an Inquiring
+  Spirit.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Circle of the Seasons.</span> London, 1828.
+  12mo.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 211 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page211"></a>{211}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Particulars of Price, &amp;c. of the following Books to be sent direct
+  to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses
+  are given for that purpose:</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Percy Society's Publications.</span> Nos. XCIII. and
+  XCIV.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>G. J. Hargreaves</i>, Stretford, near Manchester.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Scrapbook of Literary Varieties, and Mirror of
+  Instruction</span>, &amp;c. Prose, Verse, and Engravings. Lacy, 76. St.
+  Paul's Churchyard. 8vo. 424 pp.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. G. T. Driffield</i>, Bow, Middlesex.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Cambridge Installation Ode</span>, 1835, by Chr.
+  Wordsworth. 4to. Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Kitchener's Economy of the Eyes.</span> Part II.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Brown's Anecdotes of Dogs.</span></p>
+
+  <p>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash; <span
+  class="sc">of Animals.</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Fred. Dinsdale</i>, Esq., Leamington.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Masterman Ready.</span> Vol. I. First Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Swift's Works.</span> Vol. XIII. London, 1747.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>W. H. Bliss</i>, Hursley, Winchester.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p>F. T. <i>The characteristic description of</i> The Weekly Pacquet,
+  <i>by the author of the continuation of Sir James Mackintosh's</i>
+  History of England, <i>seems perfectly just. We had marked for quotation,
+  as a sample of its virulent tone, "The Ceremony and Manner of Baptizing
+  Antichrist," in No. 6., p. 47.; but we found its ribaldry would occupy
+  too much of our valuable space, and after all would perhaps not elicit
+  one Protestant clap of applause even at Exeter Hall.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">John Weston.</span> <i>The insertion of paginal
+  figures to the Advertisement pages of "N. &amp; Q." was considered at the
+  time the change was made, when it was hinted to us that many of our
+  subscribers would wish to retain those pages. We may probably dispense
+  them in our next Volume.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Foreigner.</span> <i>The Canon inquired after will be
+  found to be the 18th of the "Constitutions and Canons Ecclesiastical,
+  <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1603." Its partial observance complained
+  of by our Correspondent has been of late years frequently discussed in
+  the various Church periodicals and newspapers, especially in the</i>
+  British Magazine, vols. xviii., xix., <i>and</i> xx. <i>See also the
+  official judgment of the Bishop of London on this Canon in his</i> Charge
+  <i>of 1842</i>, p. 43.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Primers Of The Reign Of
+  Elizabeth.</span>&mdash;<i>With reference to the article under this
+  heading in last week's Number, we have been reminded that the</i>
+  Liturgies and Private Prayers <i>put forth by authority during the reign
+  of Elizabeth, which were reprinted by the</i> Parker Society, <i>have
+  been sold by that Society to Mr. Brown, of Old Street, and may be
+  purchased of him at a very moderate price. The introductions contain much
+  valuable information.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Comus.</span> <i>We cannot learn that there is an
+  edition of</i> Locke on the Understanding <i>epitomised published at
+  Oxford. There is one in the</i> London Catalogue, <i>published some years
+  ago by Whittaker and Co., price 4s. 6d., which may perhaps still be
+  had.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Borderer.</span> <i>Our Correspondent</i> <span
+  class="sc">Mr. C. Mansfield Ingleby</span> <i>wishes to address a letter
+  to</i> <span class="sc">A Borderer</span>; <i>how will it reach
+  him?</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Francis Beaufort.</span> Biblia Sacra Latina, <i>two
+  volumes in one, printed by R. Rodt and B. Richel circa 1471, folio, was
+  bought by Thorpe for 4l. 4s. at the sale of the Duke of Sussex's
+  library.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Clericus Rusticus</span> <i>asks "Whence the term
+  'Mare's nest,' and when first used?"</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Hugh Henderson</span> (Glasgow). <i>It is not needful
+  to use any iodide of silver in the iodizing of collodion, or to make any
+  change in the ordinary 30-grain solution bath. The sensitizing fluid
+  recommended by</i> <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> <i>is all that is
+  required.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Our Eighth Volume</span> <i>is now bound and ready
+  for delivery, price 10s. 6d., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole
+  Eight Volumes are being made up. price 4l. 4s.&mdash;For these early
+  application is desirable.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">"Notes and Queries"</span> <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CHOICE AND VALUABLE BOOKS.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. UPHAM &amp; BEET (late RODWELL) having recently made great
+  addition to their EXTENSIVE STOCK OF BOOKS in all Languages, beg
+  respectfully to invite an inspection of them. CATALOGUES are NOW ready,
+  and will be sent by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>46. New Bond Street, corner of Maddox Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>GREAT TRUTHS FOR THOUGHTFUL HOURS. (Preliminary Essay.) HUMAN
+  HAPPINESS. BY C.&nbsp;B. ADDERLEY, Esq., M.P.&mdash;"Labour, if it were
+  unnecessary to the <i>existence</i>, would be necessary to the
+  <i>happiness</i> of men."&mdash;18mo. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Reminds us of the best works of Coleridge."&mdash;<i>Baptist
+  Magazine.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"A charming little manual of wisdom and philosophy."&mdash;<i>Church
+  and State Gazette.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"The most philosophical precision, logical sequence, and language the
+  most perspicuous and chaste."&mdash;<i>Commonwealth.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>No I. The PATERNAL CHARACTER of GOD. By the REV. GEORGE GILFILLAN,
+  Dundee. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>BLACKADER &amp; CO., 13. Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just ready, in fcap. 8vo., with six etchings, designed by GILLRAY, now
+  first added, price 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE POETRY OF THE ANTI-JACOBIN; comprising the celebrated Political
+  and Satirical Poems, Ballads, Songs, Parodies, and Jeux d'Esprit of the
+  RT. HON. G. CANNING, EARL OF CARLISLE, MARQUIS WELLESLEY, RT. HON. J.&nbsp;H.
+  FRERE, G. ELLIS, W. GIFFORD, RT. HON. W. PITT, and others. With
+  Explanatory Notes, the Originals of the Parodies, a History of the Work,
+  and a complete List of the Authors. By CHARLES EDMONDS. SECOND EDITION,
+  considerably enlarged.</p>
+
+  <p>G. WILLIS, Great Piazza, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>CHURCH REFORM.</h3>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">CHEAP HIGH-CLASS WEEKLY NEWSPAPER.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">This Day is published, price 3½<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<h3>THE COURIER, AND CHURCH REFORM GAZETTE;</h3>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Containing the Whole of the Ecclesiastical, Political, and General
+  News of the Week, advocating a thorough Conservative Reformation in the
+  Church, the Reform of our Social Laws, and the most determined Opposition
+  to Popery and Infidelity.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The Country Edition of the COURIER, containing the Latest
+  Intelligence, will be despatched by the Friday Evening Mails, so as to be
+  received in all parts of the Kingdom on Saturday Morning.</p>
+
+  <p>CHURCHMEN, your hearty support is absolutely requisite to enable us to
+  bring about the SECOND REFORMATION.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Advertisement Terms.</i>&mdash;Five Lines and under, Half-a-Crown;
+  and Sixpence per Line afterwards.</p>
+
+  <p>London: HOPE &amp; CO., 16. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p>
+
+  <p>No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square,
+  London.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Established</i> <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1844.</p>
+
+  <p>INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS may be opened daily, with capital of any
+  amount.</p>
+
+  <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>PETER MORRISON,</p>
+      <p>Managing Director.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Prospectus and Forms sent free on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>In 1 vol., Etchings by the Author, and Woodcuts, price 28<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>LEGENDS of the MADONNA; so represented in the Fine Arts. Forming the
+  Third Series of "Sacred and Legendary Art." By MRS. JAMESON.</p>
+
+  <p>In the same Series. New Editions, price 28<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+  <p>LEGENDS of the MONASTIC ORDERS, and&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>LEGENDS of the SAINTS and MARTYRS.</p>
+
+  <p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, &amp; LONGMANS.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>In One Volume, medium 8vo., price 14<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES, classified and arranged so as
+  to facilitate the Expression of Ideas, and assist in Literary
+  Composition. By P.&nbsp;M. ROGET, M.D., F.R.S. Second Edition.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Several thousand Words and Phrases, not contained in the First
+  Edition, have now been added; many improvements have been made in the
+  arrangement of the expressions; and the whole Work has undergone careful
+  revision with the view of increasing its general utility.</p>
+
+  <p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, &amp; LONGMANS.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
+  safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had
+  on application.</p>
+
+  <p>CHUBB &amp; SON. 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street,
+  Liverpool; 16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields,
+  Wolverhampton.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 212 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page212"></a>{212}</span></p>
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.</p>
+
+  <p>THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and
+  Continental Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free
+  Admission.</p>
+
+
+<table width="36%" class="nobctr" summary="Prices." title="Prices.">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:68%">
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:10%">
+      <p>£</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:10%">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:10%">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent Process</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Additional Copies (each)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Coloured Portrait, highly finished (small size)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Coloured Portrait, highly finished (larger size)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings,
+  Photographed and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country
+  Mansions, Churches, &amp;c., taken at a short notice.</p>
+
+  <p>Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+  Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.</p>
+
+  <p>Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of
+  Apparatus.</p>
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. New Bond Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Directors.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.</p>
+      <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p>
+      <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Trustees.</i>&mdash;W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+      <p><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%">
+      <p>Age</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>£</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>17</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>14</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>22</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>27</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>32</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>10</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>37</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>6</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>42</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>HEAL &amp; SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by
+  post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different
+  Bedsteads, in iron, brass, japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany,
+  rosewood, and walnut-tree woods; also of every description of Bedding,
+  Blankets, and Quilts.</p>
+
+  <p>HEAL &amp; SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham
+  Court Road.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and
+  certainty by using BLAND &amp; LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton:
+  certainty and uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined
+  with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
+  most valuable agent in the hands of the photographer.</p>
+
+  <p>Albumenised paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving
+  a minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5<i>s.</i> per
+  Quire.</p>
+
+  <p>Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.</p>
+
+  <p>Instruction in the Processes.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and
+  Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Catalogues sent on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every
+  variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually
+  prevents Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and
+  is extensively employed by</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.</p>
+
+  <p>KNIGHT &amp; SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and
+  Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and
+  Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various
+  Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the
+  Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>Instructions given in every branch of the Art.</p>
+
+  <p>An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic
+  Specimens.</p>
+
+  <p>GEORGE KNIGHT &amp; SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.&mdash;OTTEWILL &amp; MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24.
+  &amp; 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S
+  Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
+  Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the
+  Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above,
+  where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
+  Trade supplied.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerrotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.&mdash;J. B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists. 289.
+  Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
+  Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
+  Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
+  keeping properties and appreciation of half-tint for which their
+  manufacture has been esteemed.</p>
+
+  <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
+  of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p>
+
+  <p>THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price
+  1<i>s.</i>, per Post, 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.&mdash;D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., 20. Soho
+  Square (established <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1785), sole
+  manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 Guineas each. Every
+  instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes are
+  best described in the following professional testimonial, signed by the
+  majority of the leading musicians of the age:&mdash;"We, the undersigned
+  members of the musical profession, having carefully examined the Royal
+  Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., have great
+  pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
+  appears to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size
+  possessing a richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal
+  temperament, while the elegance of their construction renders them a
+  handsome ornament for the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J.
+  L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp,
+  P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover,
+  Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W.
+  H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G.F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A.
+  Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John
+  Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank
+  Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H.
+  Westrop, T. H. Wright," &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT AND LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
+  possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
+  Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
+  engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
+  undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
+  Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
+  of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which
+  he has had considerable experience.</p>
+
+  <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Prices, and
+  Description of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of</p>
+
+  <p>PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+  WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other traveller requisites, Gratis on
+  application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+  Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+  Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best
+  articles of the kind ever produced.</p>
+
+  <p>J. W. &amp; T. ALLEN, 18. &amp; 22. West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class
+  X., In Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Level, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.</p>
+
+  <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, March 4,
+  1854.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 227, March
+4, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, MARCH 4, 1854 ***
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 227, March 4, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 227, March 4, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: December 24, 2008 [EBook #27605]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, MARCH 4, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{189}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 227.]
+SATURDAY, MARCH 4. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                              Page
+  Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy," by Dr. E. F.
+  Rimbault                                               191
+  "[Greek: Aion]," its Derivation                        192
+  William Lyons, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross        192
+  Curious Marriage Agreement                             193
+  Ancient American Languages, by K. R. H. Mackenzie      194
+  Conduitt and Newton, by Bolton Corney                  195
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--The Music in Middleton's Tragi-Comedy
+  of the "Witch"--Mr. Macaulay and Sir Archibald Alison
+  in error--"Paid down upon the nail"--Corpulence a
+  Crime--Curious Tender--The Year 1854--A Significant
+  Hint                                                   196
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  Literary Queries, by the Rev. R. Bingham               197
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Hunter of Polmood in Tweed-dale--
+  Dinteville Family--Eastern Practice of Medicine--
+  Sunday--Three Picture Queries--"Cutting off with a
+  Shilling"--Inman or Ingman Family--Constable of
+  Masham--Fading Ink--Sir Ralph Killigrew                198
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Pepys--"Retainers to
+  Seven Shares and a Half"--Madden's "Reflections and
+  Resolutions proper for the Gentlemen of Ireland"--
+  King Edward I.'s Arm--Elstob, Elizabeth--Monumental
+  Brasses in London                                      199
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Rapping no Novelty: and Table-turning, by Wm. Winthrop,
+  &c.                                                    200
+  General Whitelocke, by J. S. Harry, &c.                201
+  "Man proposes, but God disposes," by J. W. Thomas, &c. 202
+  Napoleon's Spelling, by H. H. Breen                    203
+  Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin                   204
+  The Myrtle Bee, by Charles Brown                       205
+  Celtic Etymology                                       205
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Improvements in the
+  Albumenized Process--Mr. Crookes on restoring old
+  Collodion--Photographic Queries                        206
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--London Fortifications--
+  Burke's Domestic Correspondence--Battle of
+  Villers-en-Couche--"I could not love thee, dear, so
+  much"--Sir Charles Cotterell--Muffins and Crumpets--
+  "Clunk"--Picts' Houses--Tailless Cats--"Cock-and-bull
+  story"--Market Crosses--"Largesse"--Awkward, Awart,
+  Awalt--Morgan Odoherty--Black Rat--Blue Bells of
+  Scotland--Grammars, &c. for Public Schools--Warville   207
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                    210
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                           210
+  Notices to Correspondents                              211
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR MARCH.
+
+COWPER'S COMPLETE WORKS, edited by SOUTHEY: comprising his Poems,
+Correspondence, and Translations; with Memoir. Illustrated with Fifty fine
+Engravings on Steel, after designs by Harvey. To be completed in 8 vols.
+Vol. III., continuation of Memoir and Correspondence. Post 8vo., cloth, 3s.
+6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S BRITISH CLASSICS FOR MARCH.
+
+ADDISON'S WORKS, with the Notes of BISHOP HURD. In Four Volumes. With
+Portrait and Engravings on Steel. Vol. II. Post 8vo., cloth, 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR MARCH.
+
+ATHENAEUS. The Deipnosophists, or the Banquet of the Learned, translated by
+C. D. YONGE, B.A., with an Appendix of Poetical Fragments rendered into
+English Verse by various Authors, and General Index. Complete in 3 vols.
+Vols. II. and III. Post 8vo. Cloth, 5s. each.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR MARCH.
+
+MUDIE'S BRITISH BIRDS, or History of the Feathered Tribes of the British
+Islands. Fifth edition, revised by W. C. L. MARTIN, ESQ. Complete in 2
+vols. post 8vo. Illustrated with 28 Plates, containing 52 Figures of Birds,
+and 7 additional Plates of Eggs. Cloth, 5s. per volume; or, WITH THE PLATES
+COLOURED, 7s. 6d. per vol.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR MARCH.
+
+INGULPH'S CHRONICLE OF THE ABBEY OF CROYLAND, with the Continuations by
+Peter of Blois and other Writers. Translated, with Notes and an Index, by
+H. T. RILEY, B.A. Complete in 1 vol. post 8vo. Cloth 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO BOOK-BUYERS.--Just published, gratis, Part XIII., CATALOGUE of
+SECOND-HAND BOOKS in the various Classes of English Literature (including
+Numerous Illustrated Works) in excellent Condition and at very Low Prices.
+
+W. J. CRAWFORD (Successor to the late J. DOWDING), 82. Newgate Street,
+London.
+
+*** If required by Post, a Stamp to be forwarded.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VALUABLE BOOKS, FOR SALE BY THOMAS KERSLAKE, BOOKSELLER, BRISTOL.
+
+ART UNION JOURNAL, complete from the Beginning 1839 to Dec. 1853. Very fine
+Plates. 4to. 14l. 14s.
+
+CHALMERS'S BRITISH POETS. Royal 8vo., 21 vols., bds., uncut. 8l. 8s.
+
+CHALMERS'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. 8vo., 32 vols., bound in 16, half
+vell., 7l. 16s.
+
+A CIRCULATING LIBRARY, including Works of MARRYATT, D'ISRAELI, BLESSINGTON,
+HOOKE, &c., &c., &c., and others of the best MODERN NOVELS, mostly in good
+half-binding, being 448 vols., besides 32 vols. of broken sets, 18l. 18s.
+
+O'CONOR (C., D.D.), RERUM HIBERNICARUM SCRIPTORES. 4to., 4 vols., fine set,
+russia, extra gilt, gilt edges, 18l. 18s.
+
+DRYDEN'S WORKS, by SCOTT, 1808. Post 8vo., 18 vols., half calf, neat, 8l.
+18s.
+
+GEOLOGICAL TRANSACTIONS, 1807-1835. Many coloured Plates. 4to., 8 vols.,
+calf, neat, 12l. 12s.
+
+MANNING AND BRAY'S SURREY. 3 vols., half russia, 10l. 10s.
+
+MURCHISON'S SILURIAN SYSTEM. 4to., 2 vols., with the large separate Map.
+6l. 16s.
+
+NICHOLS'S LITERARY ANECDOTES, and ILLUSTRATIONS, 1812-1848. 8vo., 17 vols.,
+in 16, calf extra, gilt, a very handsome set with uncut edges, 13l. 13s.
+
+PAXTON'S MAGAZINE OF BOTANY. 800 Coloured Plates, and above 1200 Wood
+Engravings. Royal 8vo., 16 vols., complete, handsomely bound, half morocco,
+gilt edges. 15l. 15s.
+
+PIRANESI OPERE, about 2,000 Plates, atlas folio, a complete set, bound in
+23 vols., half russia, gilt, 60 guineas.
+
+QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1809 to 1829, with INDEXES. 8vo., 85 vols., half calf,
+neat, uniform, 12l. 12s.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. 16 vols., half morocco, neat, 3l. 18s.
+
+SMITH'S CATALOGUE OF PAINTERS, with Supplement, 1829-42. Royal 8vo., 9
+vols., 8l. 8s.
+
+STRYPE'S WORKS. 8vo., 27 vols., calf extra, gilt, uniform, a beautiful set.
+16l. 16s.
+
+*** It will be necessary to order direct from the Advertiser. The NET CASH
+PRICES being fixed, there can be no commission nor discount to Booksellers
+or Agents.
+
+THOMAS KERSLAKE, BRISTOL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{190}
+
+The FIRST VOLUME is now Ready, with Portrait of Miss Burney, price 3s., of
+a CHEAP EDITION OF
+
+MADAME D'ARBLAY'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+INCLUDING THE PERIOD OF HER RESIDENCE AT THE COURT OF QUEEN CHARLOTTE.
+
+To be completed in Seven Monthly Volumes, price only 3s. each, elegantly
+bound, embellished with Portraits.
+
+    "Miss Burney's work ought to be placed beside Boswell's 'Life,' to
+    which it forms an excellent supplement."--_Times._
+
+    "Madame D'Arblay lived to be a classic. Her Diary is written in her
+    best manner. It ought to be consulted by every person who wishes to be
+    well acquainted with the history of our literature and our
+    manners."--_Edinburgh Review._
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTICE.
+
+PEPYS' DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+THE NEW AND IMPROVED LIBRARY EDITION of this Popular Work, in 4 vols. demy
+8vo., price 10s. 6d. per vol., illustrated with Portraits and other Plates,
+and with numerous additional Letters, Notes, &c. &c. Edited by LORD
+BRAYBROOKE, is NOW READY.
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOTICE.
+
+BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE.
+
+THE GREATLY IMPROVED AND CORRECTED EDITION
+
+FOR 1854,
+
+IS NOW READY.
+
+Orders received by all Booksellers.
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR MARCH contains the following articles:--
+
+  Lord John Russell's Life of Fox.
+  Grotius on War and Peace.
+  Rhine-Land and its Romance.
+  Paula and Eustochium.
+  The Oxford Septuagint.
+  Monuments of the English Republican Refugees at Vevays.
+  Cervantes and his Writings.
+  The New Patron Saint of Amiens.
+  Ruined Cities in America.
+
+With Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban, Notes of the Month, Historical and
+Miscellaneous Reviews, Reports of Archaeological Societies, Historical
+Chronicle, and OBITUARY; including Memoirs of Viscount Beresford, Hon. Dr.
+Clive, Gen. Sir Thomas Bradford, Rev. Dr. F. A. Cox, Rev. William Jay,
+B. L. Vulliamy, Esq., &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now publishing, in SIX VOLUMES, OCTAVO (containing 7,215 Pages), price 2l.
+15s. cloth.
+
+MATTHEW HENRY'S COMMENTARY ON THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS. To which is
+prefixed a Life of the Author, with Introductory Remarks, &c. Also, Four of
+his Sermons, viz.
+
+I. A Sermon on Family Religion.--II. How to begin every Day with God.--III.
+How to spend every Day with God.--IV. How to close every Day with God.
+
+An invaluable Present from a Parent to his Family on their Settling in
+Life.
+
+London: P. P. THOMS, Warwick Square. Sold by all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH POETS.
+
+BY ROBERT BELL.
+
+In Monthly Volumes, 2s. 6d. each in cloth.
+
+This Day, the Second Volume, 2s. 6d., of the POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN,
+with historical and Illustrative Notes. By ROBERT BELL.
+
+Already published, 2s. 6d. each,
+
+POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN, Vol. I., with Memoir, containing New Facts
+and Original Letters of the Poet.
+
+POETICAL WORKS OF THE EARL OF SURREY, OF MINOR CONTEMPORANEOUS POETS, and
+of SACKVILLE, LORD BUCKHURST. With Notes and Memoirs.
+
+On the 1st of April,
+
+POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM COWPER, Vol. I.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day, 8vo., 15s.
+
+THE MEDITERRANEAN: A Memoir. Physical, Historical, and Nautical. By
+REAR-ADMIRAL W. H. SMYTH, D.C.L., Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+Two Volumes, 8vo., with numerous Illustrations. 2l. 2s.
+
+CYCLE OF CELESTIAL OBJECTS.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR MARCH, price 2s. 6d., or by post 3s., contains:
+
+  The Plurality of Worlds.
+  Villemain's Memoirs.
+  A Day's Curling.
+  Gallinaceana. -- Peacocks and Guinea Fowls.
+  A Pageant which meant something.
+  General Bounce: or, The Lady and the Locusts.
+    By the Author of "Digby Grand."
+    Chaps. V. and VI.
+  The British Jews:--A Letter to the Editor.
+  Sinope after the Battle.
+  The Decline and Fall of the Corporation of
+    London.--III. The Corporation as Suitors,
+    Justices, and Judges.
+  Beaumarchais.
+  Researches in Dutch Literature.--No. II.
+  Oxford Reform and Oxford Professors.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SECOND HAND BOOKS.--A List of valuable Second-hand Books in Theology,
+Political Economy, History, and Miscellaneous and Classical Literature,
+selected from his very Extensive Stock, Gratis, on Receipt of One Stamp for
+Postage.
+
+W. HEATH, 497. New Oxford Street, near the British Museum.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DISCOUNT TO SCHOOLS AND BOOKSELLERS.
+
+In order to meet the increasing demand for Educational Works, VARTY & OWEN
+beg to announce that they will allow to all Schools and Booksellers, _40
+per cent. Discount_ on orders from the List just issued of School Books and
+Tablet lessons of which they are the Publishers--provided the amount of
+such orders be not less than 3l. _nett._ They will also allow 33 _per cent.
+Discount_ on all orders for their Maps, Atlases, Pictures, Diagrams, &c.,
+to the same amount: or orders may be given including both classes of
+publications _not less than_ 5l. _nett._ at the respective rates of
+discount; but they must be accompanied by a Money Order on the Charing
+Cross Post-Office, payable to
+
+VARTY & OWEN, Educational Depository, 31. Strand, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW EDUCATIONAL WORKS. By CHARLES BAKER.
+
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+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old books.
+
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+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{191}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1854._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notes.
+
+BURTON'S "ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY."
+
+In this age of "new editions," it is a wonder that no one has favoured the
+public with a reprint, with notes _variorum_, of this celebrated English
+classic.
+
+Dr. Dibdin, in a note to his edition of More's _Utopia_, vol. ii. p. 97.,
+says:
+
+    "Whoever will be at the trouble of consulting Part II, sect. IV. memb..
+    i. subsect. 4. of the last folio edition of Burton [1676], will see how
+    it varies from the first folio of 1624; and will, in consequence,
+    regret the omission of the notice of these variations in the octavo
+    editions of Burton recently published."
+
+The octavo editions here referred to are those of 1800 and 1806; the
+latter, I believe, edited by Edward Du Bois. The folio of 1676 is, in all
+probability, an exact reprint of that of 1651, which certainly differs
+considerably from those of an earlier date. Henry Cripps, the publisher of
+the edition of 1651, has the following notice:
+
+    "_To the Reader._
+
+    Be pleased to know (courteous Reader) that since the last impression of
+    this Book, the ingenuous author of it is deceased, leaving a copy of it
+    exactly corrected, with several considerable additions by his own hand.
+    This copy he committed to my care and custody, with directions to have
+    those additions inserted in the next edition; which, in order to his
+    command and the publicke good, is faithfully performed in this last
+    impression.
+
+    H. C."
+
+Modern writers have been deeply indebted to old Robert Burton; but he, in
+his turn, was equally indebted to earlier writers. Dr. Dibdin remarks:
+
+    "I suspect that Burton, the author of the _Anatomy of Melancholy_, was
+    intimately acquainted with Boiastuan's book as translated by Alday; for
+    there are passages in Burton's 'Love Melancholy' (the most
+    extraordinary and amusing part of his work), which bear a very strong
+    resemblance to many in the 'Gests and Countenances ridiculous of
+    Lovers,' at p. 195 of Boiastuan's _Theatre, or Rule of the World_."
+
+The title of the curious book mentioned in this extract is--
+
+    "Theatrum Mundi. Theatre, or Rule of the World: Wherein may bee seene
+    the running Race and Course of everie Mannes Lyfe, as touching Miserie
+    and Felicitie: whereunto is added a learned Worke of the excellencie of
+    Man. Written in French by Peter Boiastuan. Translated by John Alday.
+    Printed by Thomas East, for John Wright, 8vo. 1582."
+
+But Burton was more indebted to another work, very similar in title and
+matter to his own; I mean Dr. Bright's curious little volume, of which I
+transcribe the title-page in full:
+
+    "A Treatise of Melancholy: contayning the Causes thereof, and reasons
+    of the strange Effects it worketh in our Minds and Bodies; with the
+    Phisicke Cure, and Spirituall Consolation for such as have thereto
+    adjoyned afflicted Conscience. The difference betwixt it and
+    Melancholy, with diverse philosophical Discourses touching Actions, and
+    Affections of Soule, Spirit, and Body: the Particulars whereof are to
+    be seene before the Booke. By T. Bright, Doctor of Phisicke. Imprinted
+    at London by John Windet, sm. 8vo. 1586."
+
+It has been remarked that Burton does not acknowledge his obligations to
+Bright. This, however, is not strictly true, as the former acknowledges
+_several quotations_ in the course of his work. It would certainly be
+desirable, in the event of a new edition of the _Anatomy_, that a
+comparison of the two books should be made. As a beginning towards this
+end, I subjoin a table of the contents of Bright's _Treatise_, with a
+notice of some similar passages in Burton's _Anatomy_, arranged in parallel
+columns.
+
+I may just add, that Bright's _Treatise_ consists of 276 pages, exclusive
+of a dedication "To the Right Worshipful M. Peter Osborne," &c. (dated from
+"Little S. Bartlemews by Smithfield, the 13 of May, 1586"); and an address
+"To his Melancholick Friend M."
+
+All that is known of his biography has been collected by the Rev. Joseph
+Hunter, and communicated to the last edition of Wood's _Athenae
+Oxonienses_, vol. ii. p. 174. _note_.
+
+BRIGHT'S "TREATISE OF MELANCHOLY,"    | BURTON'S "ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY,"
+1586.                                 | edit. 1651.
+                                      |
+_The Contentes of the Booke according | _Parallel Sections._
+to the Chapters._                     |
+                                      |
+1. How diversely the word Melancholy  | Definition of Melancholy: name,
+is taken.                             | difference.
+                                      |
+2. The causes of natural melancholy,  | The causes of melancholy.
+and of the excesse thereof.           |
+                                      |
+3. Whether good nourishment           | Customs of dyet, delight, appetite,
+breede melancholy, by fault of the    | accessity: how they cause
+body turning it into melancholy:      | or hinder.
+and whether such humour is found      |
+in nourishments, or rather is made    |
+of them.                              |
+                                      |
+4. The aunswere to objections         | Dyet rectified in substance.
+made against the breeding of          |
+melancholicke humour out of           |
+nourishment.                          |
+                                      |
+5. A more particular and farther      |
+answere to the former objections.     |
+                                      |
+6. The causes of the increase and     | Immediate cause of these precedent
+excesse of melancholicke humour.      | symptomes.
+                                      |
+7. Of the melancholicke excrement.    | Of the matter of melancholy.
+                                      |
+8. What burnt choller is, and         |
+the causes thereof.                   |
+                                      |
+9. How melancholie worketh            | Symptomes or signes in the
+fearful passions in the mind.         | mind.
+                                      |
+10. How the body affecteth the        | Of the soul and her faculties.
+soule.                                |
+                                      |
+11. Objections againste the manner    |
+how the body affecteth the            |
+soule, with answere thereunto.        |
+                                      |
+12. A farther answere to the          |
+former objections, and of the simple  |
+facultie of the soule, and onely      |
+organicall of spirit and body.        |
+                                      |
+13. How the soule, by one simple      |
+facultie, performeth so many and      |
+diverse actions.                      |
+                                      |
+{192}
+14. The particular answeres to        |
+the objections made in the 11th       |
+chapter.                              |
+                                      |
+15. Whether perturbations rise        | Division of perturbations.
+of humour or not, with a division     |
+of the perturbations.                 |
+                                      |
+16. Whether perturbations which       |
+are not moved by outward occasions    |
+rise of humour or not: and            |
+how?                                  |
+                                      |
+17. How melancholie procureth         | Sorrow, fear, envy, hatred, malice,
+feare, sadnes, despaire, and such     | anger, &c. causes.
+passions.                             |
+                                      |
+18. Of the unnaturall melancholie     | Symptomes of head-melancholy.
+rising by adjustion: how              |
+it affecteth us with diverse passions.|
+                                      |
+19. How sickness and yeares           | Continent, inward, antecedent,
+seeme to alter the mind, and the      | next causes, and how the body
+cause: and how the soule hath         | works on the mind.
+practise of senses separated from     |
+the body.                             |
+                                      |
+20. The accidentes which befall       | An heap of other accidents causing
+melancholie persons.                  | melancholy.
+                                      |
+21. How melancholie altereth          | Distemperature of particular
+the qualities of the body.            | parts.
+                                      |
+22. How melancholie altereth          |
+those actions which rise out of the   |
+braine.                               |
+                                      |
+23. How affections be altered.        |
+                                      |
+24. The causes of teares, and         |
+their saltnes.                        |
+                                      |
+25. Why teares endure not all         |
+the time of the cause: and why in     |
+weeping commonly the finger is        |
+put in the eie.                       |
+                                      |
+26. Of the partes of weeping:         |
+why the countenance is cast down,     |
+the forehead lowreth, the nose        |
+droppeth, the lippe trembleth, &c.    |
+                                      |
+27. The causes of sobbing and         |
+sighing: and how weeping easeth       |
+the heart.                            |
+                                      |
+28. How melancholie easeth            |
+both weeping and laughing, with       |
+the reasons why.                      |
+                                      |
+29. The causes of blushing and        | Causes of these symptomes [_i.e._
+bashfulness, and why melancholie      | bashfulness and blushing].
+persons are given therunto.           |
+                                      |
+30. Of the naturall actions altered   |
+by melancholie.                       |
+                                      |
+31. How melancholie altereth          | Symptomes of melancholy
+the naturall workes of the body:      | abounding in the whole body.
+juice and excrement.                  |
+                                      |
+32. Of the affliction of conscience   | Guilty conscience for offence
+for sinne.                            | committed.
+                                      |
+33. Whether the afflicted conscience  |
+be of melancholie.                    |
+                                      |
+34. The particular difference betwixt | How melancholy and despair
+melancholie and the afflicted         | differ.
+conscience in the same                |
+person.                               |
+                                      |
+35. The affliction of mind: to        | Passions and perturbations of
+what persons it befalleth, and by     | the mind; how they cause
+what means.                           | melancholy.
+                                      |
+36. A consolation to the afflicted    |
+conscience.                           |
+                                      |
+37. The cure of melancholie;          | Cure of melancholy over all the
+and how melancholicke persons         | body.
+are to order themselves in actions    |
+of minde, sense, and motion.          |
+                                      |
+38. How melancholicke persons         | Perturbations of the mind
+are to order themselves in their      | rectified.
+affections.                           |
+                                      |
+39. How melancholicke persons         | Dyet rectified; ayre rectified, &c.
+are to order themselves in the rest   |
+of their diet, and what choice they   |
+are to make of ayre, meate, and       |
+drinke, house, and apparell.          |
+                                      |
+40. The cure by medicine meete        | Of physick which cureth with
+for melancholicke persons.            | medicines.
+                                      |
+41. The manner of strengthening       | Correctors of accidents to procure
+melancholicke persons after           | sleep.
+purging: with correction of some      |
+of their accidents.                   |
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+*** Transcriber's note: in the following item the Greek omega is
+transcribed as oo to distinguish it from o = omicron
+
+"[Greek: Aioon]," ITS DERIVATION.
+
+As the old postulate respecting the etymology of this important word, from
+[Greek: aeioon], however superficial, is too attractive to be surrendered,
+even in the present day, by some respectable authorities, the judgment of
+your classical correspondents is requested, as to the accuracy of the more
+philosophical origin of the term which has been adopted by commentators of
+unquestionable erudition and undisputed eminence.
+
+The rule by which those distinguished scholars, Lennep and Scheidius,
+determine the etymology of [Greek: Aioon], is as follows:
+
+    "Nomina in [Greek: oon] desinentia, formata ab aliis nominibus,
+    _collectiva_ sunt, sive _copiam_ earum rerum, quae _primitivo_
+    designantur notant--ut sunt [Greek: dendroon], a [Greek: dendron],
+    arboretum; [Greek: Elaioon], olivetum, ab [Greek: Elaion]; [Greek:
+    Rhodoon], rosetum, a [Greek: rhodon] (also the nouns [Greek: ankoon,
+    agoon, akremoon, bonboon, paioon, ploutoon, poogoon, chitoon]).--Nempe
+    formata videntur haec nomina in [Greek: oon], a genitivis pluralibus
+    substantivorum. Genitivus singularis horum nominum, in [Greek: oonos],
+    contractione sua, hanc originem satis videtur demonstrare."
+
+In immediate reference to the word [Greek: Aioon], they say:
+
+    "[Greek: Aioon], Aevum, Aeternitas. Nomen ex eo genere, quod natura sua
+    _collectionem_ et _multitudinem_ rerum notat; ut patet ex terminatione
+    [Greek: oon]. Quemadmodum in voce [Greek: aei], vidimus eam esse
+    translatam eximie ad significationem _temporis_, ab illa flandi,
+    spirandive, quae est in origine [Greek: aoo]; sic in nostro [Greek:
+    Aioon] eadem translationis ratio locum habet; ut adeo quasi _temporum
+    collectionem_, vel _multitudinem_ significet. A qua denuo
+    significatione propria profectae sunt eae, quibus vel _aevum_, vel
+    _aeternitatem_, vel _hominis aetatem_ descripsere veteres. Formata
+    (vox) est a nomine inusitato [Greek: Aios], vel [Greek: Aios], quod ab
+    [Greek: ais], cujus naturam, in voce [Greek: aei], expossi. Caeterum, a
+    Graeco nostro [Greek: Aioon], interposito digammate Aeolico, ortum, est
+    [Greek: Aiwoon], et hinc Lat. aevum."
+
+As then it is impossible to place [Greek: Aioon], whose genitive is [Greek:
+Aioonos], in the same category with the derivatives from [Greek: oon], the
+participle present of [Greek: Eimi], whose genitive is [Greek: ontos]; and
+as, secondly, this derivation places the word out of the range of the
+collective nouns so declined, which are derived from other nouns, as this
+appears to be, can the real etymology of the word [Greek: Aioon], and its
+derivatives, remain any longer a matter of question and debate?
+
+C. H. P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM LYON, BISHOP OF CORK, CLOYNE, AND ROSS.
+
+It is very generally believed that Dr. William Lyon (not Lyons, as he is
+sometimes called) was originally in the navy; that having distinguished
+himself in several actions against the Spaniards, he was promised by Queen
+Elizabeth the first crown appointment that should be vacant; and that this
+happening to be the see of Cork, he was appointed to it. This is mentioned
+in other works as well as in Mr. Crofton Croker's very agreeable
+_Researches in the South of Ireland_, p. 248.; and I have more than once
+heard it given as a remarkable instance of church preferment. {193}
+
+Sir James Ware informs us that Bishop Lyon was Vicar of Naas in 1573, Vicar
+of Brandanston in 1580, and chaplain to Lord Grey, who was sent to Ireland
+as Lord Deputy in September, 1580. This is inconsistent with the statement,
+that Queen Elizabeth took him from the quarter-deck to make him a bishop,
+inasmuch as he was in holy orders, and in possession of preferment in
+Ireland, nearly ten years before he was raised to the highest order in the
+ministry. If, therefore, he was ever distinguished for gallantry in naval
+warfare, it must have been before 1573; for we have no reason to suppose
+that the Rev. George Walker, the hero of Londonderry, had him as an
+example. But, as no action with the Spaniards could have taken place prior
+to 1577, how is this to be reconciled with the common account, that his
+gallantry against them attracted the notice of the queen? In a
+miscellaneous compilation, entitled _Jefferson's Selections_ (published in
+York in 1795, and indebted for its information about Lyon to an old
+newspaper, which gave oral tradition as its sole authority), we are told
+that his picture, in the captain's uniform, the left hand wanting a finger,
+is still to be seen in the bishop's palace at Cork. The picture is there,
+and represents him certainly as wanting a finger; he is dressed, however,
+not in a captain's uniform, but in a very scholar-like black gown.
+
+I know not how Mr. Croker could have given the year 1606 as the date of his
+appointment to the see of Cloyne, for we learn from Ware, who is no mean
+authority, that he was first appointed to the see of Ross in 1582; that the
+sees of Cork and Cloyne were given to him _in commendam_ in 1583 (as is
+recorded in the Consistorial Court of Cork), and that the three sees were
+formally united in his person in 1586.
+
+In 1595 he was appointed one of the commissioners to consider the best
+means of peopling Munster with English settlers, and of establishing a
+voluntary composition throughout that province in lieu of cess and taxes;
+this does not look as if he had been an illiterate captain of a ship, or
+one of those "rude-bred soldiers, whose education was at the musket-mouth."
+In fact, Ware does not seem to have considered him remarkable for anything
+except such qualities as well became his order. And we have the high
+testimony of Archbishop Bramhall (quoted by Ware), that "Cork and Ross
+fared the best of any bishoprick in that province, a very good man, Bishop
+Lyon, having been placed there early in the Reformation."
+
+ABHBA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CURIOUS MARRIAGE AGREEMENT.
+
+The original of the following paper is in existence in this city:
+
+      "To MRS. DEBORAH LEAMING.
+
+    "Madam.--Seeing I, Jacob Sprier, have addressed myself to you upon the
+    design of marriage, I therefore esteem it necessary to submit to your
+    consideration some particulars, before we enter upon that solemn
+    enterprise which may either establish our happiness or occasion our
+    inquietude during life, and if you concur with those particulars, I
+    shall have great encouragement to carry my design into execution; and
+    since happiness is the grand pursuit of a rational creature, so
+    marriage ought not to be attempted short of a prospect of arriving
+    thereat; and in order thereto (should we marry) I conceive the
+    following rules and particulars ought to be steadily observed and kept,
+    viz.:
+
+    "1st. That we keep but one purse: a severance of interest bespeaking
+    diffidence, mistrust, and disunity of mind.
+
+    "2nd. That we avoid anger as much as possible, especially with each
+    other; but if either should be overtaken therewith, the other to treat
+    the angry party with temper and moderation during the continuance of
+    such anger; and afterwards, if need require, let the matter of heat be
+    coolly discussed when reason shall resume its government.
+
+    "3rd. As we have different stocks of children to which we are and ought
+    to be strongly attached by ties of nature, so it's proper when such
+    children or any of them need correction, it be administered by the
+    party from whom they have descended; unless, in the opinion of both
+    parties, it shall be thought necessary to be otherwise administered for
+    the children's good.
+
+    "4th. That no difference or partiality be made with respect to such
+    children who live with us in point of common usage touching education,
+    food, raiment, and treatment, otherwise than as age, circumstance, and
+    convenience may render it necessary, to be agreed upon between us, and
+    grounded upon reason.
+
+    "5th. That civility, courtesy, and kind treatment be always exercised
+    and extended towards such child or children that now is or hereafter
+    may be removed from us.
+
+    "6th. That we use our mutual endeavours to instruct, counsel, improve,
+    admonish, and advise all our children, without partiality, for their
+    general good; and that we ardently endeavour to promote both their
+    temporal and eternal welfare.
+
+    "7th. That each of us use our best endeavours to inculcate upon the
+    minds of our respective stocks of children a venerable and honourable
+    opinion of the other of us; and avoid as much as possible any
+    insinuation that may have a different tendency.
+
+    "8th. That in matters where either of us is more capable of judging
+    than the other of us, and best acquainted therein, that the person so
+    most capable of judging, and best acquainted, do follow his or her own
+    judgment without control, unless the other shall be able to give a
+    sufficient reason to the contrary; then, and in such case, the same to
+    be conclusive; and that we do adhere to each other in things reasonable
+    and expedient {194} with a mutual condescension, and also advise with
+    and consult each other in matters of importance.
+
+    "9th. That if any misunderstanding should arise, the same be calmly
+    canvassed and accommodated between ourselves, without admitting the
+    interposition of any other, or seeking a confident to either to reveal
+    our mind unto, or sympathise withal upon the occasion.
+
+    "10th. That no suspicious jealousies of any kind whatever be harboured
+    in our breasts, without absolute or good circumstantial evidence; and
+    if conceived upon proof or strong presumption, the same to be
+    communicated to the suspected person, in temper and moderation, and not
+    told to another.
+
+    "11th. That we be just, chaste, and continent to each other; and should
+    either prove otherwise, that then we separate, notwithstanding the most
+    solemn ties to the contrary, unless it shall suit the injured party to
+    forgive the injury and continue the coverture; and in case of
+    separation, each of us to keep such share of wealth as we were
+    possessed of when are came together, if it remains in the same state,
+    as to quantum; but if over or under, then in proportion to what we
+    originally had.
+
+    "12th. That we neither give into, nor countenance any ill advisers who
+    may have a design to mar our happiness, and sow discord between us.
+
+    "13th. That in matters of religious concernment, we be at liberty to
+    exercise our sentiments freely without control.
+
+    "14th. That we use our mutual endeavours to increase our affection,
+    cultivate our harmony, promote our happiness, and live in the fear of
+    God, and in obedience to His righteous laws.
+
+    "15th. That we use the relatives of each other with friendly kindness;
+    and that the same be extended to our friends and benefactors, mutually,
+    without grudging.
+
+    "16th. That the survivor of us endeavour, after the death of either of
+    us, to maintain the reputation and dignity of the deceased, by avoiding
+    levity of behaviour, dissoluteness of life and disgraceful marriage;
+    not only so, but that such survivor persevere in good offices to the
+    children of the deceased, as a discreet, faithful, and honourable
+    survivor ought to do.
+
+    "17th. That in case Jacob Sprier, after trial, shall not think it for
+    his interest, or agreeable to his disposition, to live at the
+    plantation where Deborah Leaming now resides, then, and in such case,
+    she to remove with him elsewhere upon a prospect promising to better
+    his circumstances or promote his happiness, provided the landed
+    interest of the said Deborah's late husband be taken proper care of for
+    the benefit of her son Christopher.
+
+    "18th. That the said Jacob Sprier be allowed from time to time to
+    purchase such books from our joint stock as he shall think necessary
+    for the advantage and improvement of himself and our children jointly,
+    or either of them, without grudging.
+
+    "19th. That the said Jacob Sprier do continue to keep Elisha Hughes,
+    and perform his express agreement to him according to indenture already
+    executed, and discharge the trust reposed in him the said Sprier by the
+    another of the said Elisha, without grudging or complaint.
+
+    "20th. And as the said Deborah Leaming, and the said Jacob Sprier, are
+    now something advanced in years and ought to take the comfort of life
+    as free from hard toil as convenience will admit, therefore neither of
+    them be subject thereunto unless in case of emergence, and this
+    exemption to be no ways censured by each other, provided they
+    supervise, contrive, and do the light necessary services incumbent on
+    the respected heads of a family, not omitting to cultivate their minds
+    when convenience will admit.
+
+    "21st. That if anything be omitted in the foregoing rules and
+    particulars, that may conduce to our future happiness and welfare, the
+    same to be hereafter supplied by reason and discretion, as often as
+    occasion shall require.
+
+    "22nd. That the said Jacob Sprier shall not upbraid the said Deborah
+    Leaming with the extraordinary industry and good economy of his
+    deceased wife, neither shall the said Deborah Leaming upbraid the said
+    Jacob Sprier with the like extraordinary industry and good economy of
+    her deceased husband, neither shall anything of this nature be observed
+    by either to the other of us, with any view to offend or irritate the
+    party to whom observed; a thing too frequently practised in a second
+    marriage, and very fatal to the repose of parties married.
+
+    "I, Deborah Leaming, in case I marry with Jacob Sprier, do hereby
+    promise to observe and perform the before-going rules and particulars,
+    containing twenty-two in number to the best of my power. As witness my
+    hand, the 16th day of Decem'r, 1751:
+
+      (Signed) "DEBORAH LEAMING.
+
+    "I, Jacob Sprier, in case I marry with Deborah Leaming, do hereby
+    promise to observe and perform the before-going rules and particulars,
+    containing twenty two in number, to the best of my power. As witness my
+    hand, the 16th day of December, 1751:
+
+      (Signed) "JACOB SPRIER."
+
+OLDBUCK.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANCIENT AMERICAN LANGUAGES.
+
+(_Continued from_ Vol. vi., pp. 60, 61.)
+
+Since communicating to you a short list of a few books I had noted as
+having reference to this obscure subject, I have stumbled over a few others
+which bear special reference to the Quichua: and of which I beg to send you
+a short account, which may be worthy a place in your valuable pages.
+
+The first work upon the Quichua language, of which I find mention, is a
+grammar of the Peruvian Indians (_Gramatica o arte general de la lengua de
+los Indios del Peru_), by the brother Domingo de San Thomas, published in
+Valladolid in 1560, and republished in the same year with an appendix,
+being a Vocabulary of the Quichua. The demand for the first edition appears
+to have been considerable; or, what is more likely, from the extreme rarity
+of the work, the careful author {195} suppressed or called in the first
+edition, in order to add, for the benefit of his purchasers, the vocabulary
+which he had found time to prepare within the year.
+
+The work of San Thomas seems to have glutted the market for some twenty
+years; for we do not find that any one made a collection of words or
+grammatical forms until the year 1586, when Antonio Ricardo published a
+kind of introduction to the Quichua, having sole reference to that
+language, without anything more than an explanation in Spanish.[1] This
+work, like that of his predecessor, was immediately remodelled and
+re-published in a very much extended form in the same year. Ricardo's books
+are amongst the first printed in that part of America.
+
+Diego de Torres Rubio is the next writer of whom I am cognizant. He
+published at Seville, in 1603, a grammar and vocabulary of the Quichua; the
+subject still continuing to attract attention. Still, as was to be
+expected, the Quichua language was of more consequence to the Spaniards of
+Peru. No doubt, therefore, that Father Juan Martinez found a ready sale for
+his vocabulary, published at Los Reyes in 1604. Indeed, the subject is now
+attracting the attention of the eminent Diego Gonzalez Holguin, who
+published first a new grammar (_Gramatica nuevu_) of the Quichua and Inca
+dialect, in four books, at the press of Francisco del Canto, in Los Reyes,
+1607; and second, a vocabulary of the language of the whole of Peru (_de
+todo el Peru_), in the same year and at the same press.
+
+It is worthy to remark, as confuting somewhat fully the assertion of
+Prescott (_Conquest of Peru_, v. ii. p. 188.), that the Spanish name of
+Ciudad de los Reyes ceased to be used in speaking of Lima "within the first
+generation," that the books of Ricardo, Holguin, and Huerta (of whom
+presently) are all stated to have been printed in the Ciudad de los Reyes,
+though the latest of these appeared in 1616. In 1614, however, to confine
+myself strictly to the bibliographical inquiry suggested by the heading of
+my article, a method and vocabulary of the Quichua did appear from Canto's
+press, dated Lima,--a corruption, as is well known, of the word _Rimac_.
+
+That, however, the Castilian name should be employed later, is curious. At
+any rate, it occurs for the last time on the title of a work printed by the
+same printer, Canto, in 1616; and written by Don Alonso de Huerta, the old
+title being adhered to, probably from some cause unknown to us, but
+possibly in consequence of old aristocratic opinions and prejudices in
+favour of the Spanish name. That the name of Lima had obtained considerably
+even in the time of the Conquerors, Mr. Prescott has sufficiently proved;
+but as an official and recognised name it evidently existed to a later
+period than the historian has mentioned.
+
+The work of Torres Rubio, already mentioned, was reprinted in Lima by
+Francisco Lasso in 1619. From this time forward, the subject of the native
+language of Peru seems to have occupied the attention of many writers. A
+quarto grammar was published by Diego de Olmos in 1633 of the Indian
+language, as the Quichuan now came to be called.
+
+Eleven years later, we find Fernando de Carrera, curate and vicar of San
+Martin de Reque, publishing an elaborate word bearing the following title:
+
+    "Arte de la lengua yunga de los valles del obispado de Truxillo; con un
+    confesonario y todas las oraciones cotidianas y otras cosas: Lima, por
+    Juan de Contreras, 1644, 16mo."
+
+Grammars and methods here follow thick and fast. A few years after
+Carrera's book, in 1648, comes Don Juan Roxo Mexia y Ocon, _natural de
+Cuzco_, as he proudly styles himself with a method of the Indian language:
+and after a few insignificant works, again another in 1691, by Estevan
+Sancho de Melgar.
+
+The most common works on the Quichua are the third and fourth editions of
+Torres Rubio, published at Lima in the years 1700 and 1754. Of these two
+works done with that care and evident pleasure which Jesuits always, and
+perhaps only, bestow upon these difficult by-roads of philology, I need say
+no more, as they are very well known.
+
+Before I close this communication, allow me to suggest to the readers and
+contributors to the truly valuable "N. & Q.," that no tittle of knowledge
+concerning these early philological researches ought to be allowed to
+remain unrecorded; and with the position which the "N. & Q." occupies, and
+the facilities that journal offers for the preservation of these stray
+scraps of knowledge, surely it would not be amiss to send them to the
+Editor, and let him decide as he is very capable of doing, as to their
+value.
+
+KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+February 20. 1854.
+
+[Footnote 1: Arte y Vocabulario de la lengua, Uamada quichua. En la Ciudad
+de los Reyes, 1586, 8vo.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CONDUITT AND NEWTON
+
+In the prospectus of a new _Life_ of sir Isaac Newton, by sir David
+Brewster, it is stated that in examining the papers at Hurstbourne Park,
+the seat of the earl of Portsmouth, the discovery had been maple of
+"copious materials which Mr. Conduit had collected for a life of Newton,
+_which had never been supposed to exist_."
+
+About the year 1836 I consulted the principal biographers of
+Newton--Conduitt, Fontenelle, Birch, Philip Nichols, Thomas Thomson, Biot,
+{196} Brewster--and I have ever since believed that such materials _did
+exist_.
+
+We are assured by Mr. Edmund Turnor, in the preface to his _History of
+Grantham_, printed in 1806, which work is quoted in the prospectus, that
+the manuscripts at Hurstbourne Park then chiefly consisted of some
+pocket-books and memorandums of sir Isaac Newton, and "the information
+obtained by Mr. Conduitt for the purpose of writing his life." Moreover,
+the collections of Mr. Conduitt are repeatedly quoted in that work as
+distinct from the memoirs which were sent to M. de Fontenelle.
+
+I shall give another anecdote in refutation of the statement made in the
+prospectus, albeit a superfluity. In 1730 the author of _The Seasons_
+republished his _Poem to the memory of sir Isaac Newton_, with the addition
+of the lines which follow, and which prove that he was aware of the task on
+which Mr. Conduitt was then occupied. The lines, it should be observed,
+have been omitted in all the editions printed since 1738.
+
+  "This, CONDUITT, from thy rural hours we hope;
+  As through the pleasing shade, where nature pours
+  Her every sweet, in studious ease you walk;
+  The social passions smiling at thy heart,
+  That glows with all the recollected sage."
+
+The _pleasing shade_ indicates the grounds of Cranbury-lodge, in Hampshire,
+the seat of Mr. Conduitt--whose guest the poet seems previously to have
+been.
+
+Some inedited particulars of the life of Mr. Conduitt, drawn from various
+sources, I reserve for another occasion.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_The Music in Middleton's Tragi-Comedy of the "Witch."_--Joseph Ritson, in
+a letter addressed to J. C. Walker (July, 1797), printed in Pickering's
+edition of Ritson's _Letters_ (vol. ii. p. 156.) has the following
+passage:--
+
+    "It may be to your purpose, at the same time, to know that the songs in
+    Middleton's _Witch_, which appear also to have been introduced in
+    _Macbeth_, beginning, 'Hecate, Hecate, come away,' and 'Black spirits
+    and white,' have (as I am informed) been lately discovered in MS. with
+    the complete harmony, as performed at the original representation of
+    these plays. You will find the words in a note to the late editions of
+    Shakspeare; and I shall, probably, one of these days, obtain a sight of
+    the musick."
+
+The MS. here mentioned was in the collection of the late Mr. J. Stafford
+Smith, one of the Organists of the Chapel Royal. At the sale of this
+gentleman's valuable library it passed, with many other treasures of a
+similar nature, into my possession, where it now remains.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Mr. Macaulay and Sir Archibald Alison in error._--How was it that Mr.
+Macaulay, in two editions of his _History_, placed the execution of Lord
+Russell on Tower Hill? Did it not take place in Lincoln's Inn Fields? And
+why does Sir A. Alison, in the volume of his _History_ just published,
+speak of the children of Catherine of Arragon? and likewise inform us that
+Locke was expelled from Cambridge? Was he not expelled from the University
+of Oxford?
+
+ABHBA.
+
+"_Paid down upon the nail._"--The origin of this phrase is thus stated in
+the _Recollections of O'Keefe_ the dramatist:
+
+    "An ample piazza under the Exchange [in Limerick] was a thoroughfare:
+    in the centre stood a pillar about four feet high, and upon it a
+    circular plate of copper about three feet in diameter: this was called
+    _the nail_, and on it was paid the earnest for any commercial bargains
+    made; which was the origin of saying, 'Paid down upon the nail.'"
+
+But perhaps the custom, of which Mr. O'Keefe speaks, was common to other
+ancient towns?
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Corpulence a Crime._--Mr. Bruce has written, in his _Classic and Historic
+Portraits_, that the ancient Spartan paid as much attention to the rearing
+of men as the cattle dealers in modern England do to the breeding of
+cattle. They took charge of firmness and looseness of men's flesh; and
+regulated the degree of fatness to which it was lawful, in a free state,
+for any citizen to extend his body. Those who dared to grow too fat, or too
+soft for military exercise and the service of Sparta, were soundly whipped.
+In one particular instance, that of Nauclis, the son of Polytus, the
+offender was brought before the Ephori, and a meeting of the whole people
+of Sparta, at which his unlawful fatness was publicly exposed; and he was
+threatened with perpetual banishment if he did not bring his body within
+the regular Spartan compass, and give up his culpable mode of living; which
+was declared to be more worthy of an Ionian than a son of Lacedaemon.
+
+W. W.
+
+_Curious Tender._--
+
+    "If any young clergyman, somewhat agreeable in person, and who has a
+    small fortune independent, can be well recommended as to strictness of
+    morals and good temper, firmly attached to the present happy
+    establishment, and is willing to engage in the matrimonial estate with
+    an agreeable young lady in whose power it is immediately to bestow a
+    living of nearly 100l. per annum, in a very pleasant situation, with a
+    good prospect of preferment,--any person whom this may suit may leave a
+    line at the bar of the Union Coffee House in the Strand, directed to
+    Z. Z., within three days of this advertisement. The utmost secrecy and
+    honour may be depended upon."--_London Chronicle_, March, 1758.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+{197}
+
+_The Year 1854._--This year commenced and will terminate on a Sunday. In
+looking through the Almanac, it will be seen that there are _five Sundays
+in five months_ of the year, viz. in January, April, July, October, and
+December; five _Mondays_ in January, May, July, and October; five
+_Tuesdays_ in January, May, August, and October; five _Wednesdays_ in
+March, May, August, and November; five _Thursdays_, in March, June, August,
+and November; five _Fridays_ in March, June, September, and December; five
+_Saturdays_ in April, July, September, and December; and, lastly,
+fifty-three _Sundays_ in the year.
+
+The age of her Majesty the Queen is thirty-five, or seven times five; and
+the age of Prince Albert the same.
+
+Last Christmas having fallen on the Sunday, I am reminded of the following
+lines:
+
+  "Lordings all of you I warn,
+  If the day that Christ was born
+  Fall upon a Sunday,
+  The winter shall be good I say,
+  But great winds aloft shall be;
+  The summer shall be fine and dry.
+  _By kind skill, and without loss,_
+  _Through all lands there shall be peace._
+  Good time for all things to be done;
+  But he that stealeth shall be found soon.
+  What child that day born may be,
+  A great lord he shall live to be."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_A Significant Hint._--The following lines were communicated to me by a
+friend some years ago, as having been written by a blacksmith of the
+village of Tideswell in Derbyshire; who, having often been reproved by the
+parson, or ridiculed by his neighbours, for drunkenness, placed them on the
+church door the day after the event they commemorate:
+
+  "Ye Tideswellites, can this be true,
+    Which Fame's loud trumpet brings;
+  That ye, to view the Cambrian Prince,
+    Forsook the King of Kings?
+  That when his rattling chariot wheels,
+    Proclaim'd his Highness near,
+  Ye trod upon each others' heels,
+    To leave the house of prayer.
+  Be wise next time, adopt this plan,
+    Lest ye be left i' th' lurch;
+  And place at th' end of th' town a man
+    To ask him into Church."
+
+It is said that, on the occasion of the late Prince of Wales passing
+through Tideswell on a Sunday, a man was placed to give notice of his
+coming, and the parson and his flock rushed out to see him pass at full
+gallop.
+
+E. P. PALING.
+
+Chorley.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+LITERARY QUERIES.
+
+MR. RICHARD BINGHAM will feel grateful to any literary friend who may be
+able to assist him in solving some or all of the following difficulties.
+
+1. Where does Panormitan or Tudeschis (_Commentar. in Quinque Libros
+Decretalium_) apply the term nullatenenses to titular and utopian bishops?
+See _Origines Ecclesiasticae_, 4. 6. 2.
+
+2. In which of his books does John Bale, Bishop of Ossory, speaking of the
+monks of Bangor, term them "Apostolicals?" See Ibid., 7. 2. 13.
+
+3. Where does Erasmus say that the preachers of the Roman Church invoked
+the Virgin Mary in the beginning of their discourses, much as the heathen
+poets were used to invoke their Muses? See Ibid., 14. 4. 15.; and
+_Ferrarius de Ritu Concionum_, l. I. c. xi.
+
+4. Bona (_Rer. Liturg._, l. II. c. ii. n. 1.) speaks of an epistle from
+Athanasius to Eustathius, where he inveighs against the Arian bishops, who
+in the beginning of their sermons said "_Pax vobiscum!_" while they
+harassed others, and were tragically at war. But the learned Bingham (14.
+4. 14.) passes this by, and leaves it with Bona, because there is no such
+epistle in the works of Athanasius. Where else? How can Bona's error be
+corrected? or is there extant _in operibus Athanasii_ a letter of his to
+some other person, containing the expressions to which Bona refers?
+
+5. In another place (_Rer. Liturg._, l. II. c. 4. n. 3.) Bona refers to
+tom. iii. p. 307. of an _Auctor Antiquitatum Liturgicarum_ for certain
+_formulae_; and Joseph Bingham (15. 1. 2.) understands him to mean
+_Pamelius_, whose work does not exceed two volumes. Neither does Pamelius
+notice at all the _first of the two formulae_, though he has the second, or
+nearly the same. How can this also be explained? And to what work, either
+anonymous or otherwise, did Bona refer in his expression "Auctor
+Antiquitatum Liturgicarum?"
+
+6. In which old edition of _Gratiani Decretum_, probably before the early
+part of the sixteenth century, can be found the unmutilated glosses of John
+Semeca, surnamed Teutonicus? and especially the gloss on _De Consecrat.,
+Distinct._ 4. c. 4., where he says that even in his time (1250?) the custom
+still prevailed in some places of giving the eucharist to babes? See _Orig.
+Ecclesiast._, 15. 4. 7.
+
+7. Joseph Bingham (16. 3. 6.) finds fault with Baronius for asserting that
+Pope Symmachus anathematized the Emperor Anastasius, and asserts that
+instead of _Ista quidem ego_, as given by Baronius and Binius, in the
+epistle of Symmachus, Ep. vii. al. vi. (see also Labbe and Cossart, t. iv.
+p. 1298.), the true reading is _Ista quidem nego_. How can this be
+verified? The epistle is not extant either in Crabbe or Merlin. Is the
+argument {198} of J. B. borne out by any good authority, either in
+manuscript or print?
+
+MR. BINGHAM will feel further obliged if the Replies to any or all of these
+Queries be forwarded direct to his address at 57. Gloucester Place, Portman
+Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Hunter of Polmood in Tweed-dale._--Where can the pedigree of the Hunters
+of Polmood, in Peebleshire, be seen?
+
+HUFREER.
+
+_Dinteville Family._--Of the family of Dinteville there were at this time,
+viz. 1530, two knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. 1st. _Pierre
+de Dinteville_, Commander of Troyes, and Seneschal of his Order; son of
+Claude de Dinteville, Seigneur de Polisi and Chevets in Burgundy, and his
+wife Jeanne de la Beaume, daughter of the Lord of Mont St. Sorlin. The
+other was nephew to the _Pierre_ above mentioned, son of his younger
+brother Gaucher, Lord of Polisi, &c.; and his wife, Anne du Plessis
+d'Ouschamps. His name was _Louis de Dinteville_: he was born June 25, 1503;
+was Commander of Tupigni and Villedieu, and died at Malta, July 22, 1531;
+leaving a natural son, Maria de Dinteville, Abbe of St. Michael de
+Tonnerre, who was killed in Paris by a pistol-shot in 1574. The brother of
+this Chevalier Louis, _Jean_, Seign. of Polisi, &c., was _ambassador_ in
+England, and died a cripple A.D. 1555.
+
+Query, Which was the "Dominus" of the king's letter?
+
+ANON.
+
+_Eastern Practice of Medicine._--I shall feel indebted to any correspondent
+who will refer me to some works on the theory and practice of medicine as
+pursued by the native practitioners of India and the East generally?
+
+C. CLIFTON BARRY.
+
+_Sunday._--When and where does Sunday begin or end?
+
+T. T. W.
+
+_Three Picture Queries._--1. Kugler (_Schools of Painting in Italy_, edited
+by Sir Charles Eastlake, 2nd edit., 1851, Part II. p. 284.), speaking of
+Leonardo da Vinci's cartoon, representing the victory of the Florentines in
+1440 over Nicolo Picinnino, general of the Duke of Milan, and which has now
+perished, says:
+
+    "Rubens copied from Leonardo's, a group of four horsemen fighting for a
+    standard: this is engraved by Edelingk, and is just sufficient to make
+    us bitterly deplore the loss of this rich and grand work."
+
+Does this picture exist? Does Edelingk's engraving state in whose
+possession it was then?
+
+2. Where can I find any account of a painter named St. Denis? From his name
+and style, he appears to have been French, and to have flourished
+subsequently to 1700.
+
+3. Titian painted Charles III., Duke of Bourbon and Constable of France,
+who was killed May 6, 1527, at the siege of Rome. Where is this picture? It
+is said to have been engraved by Noersterman. Where may I see the
+engraving?
+
+ARTHUR PAGET.
+
+"_Cutting off with a Shilling._"--This is understood to have arisen from
+the notion that the heir could not be utterly disinherited by will: that
+something, however small, must be left him. Had such a notion any
+foundation in the law of England at any time?
+
+J. H. CHATEAU.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Inman or Ingman Family._--The family of Inman, Ionman, or Ingman,
+variously spelt, derive from John of Gaunt. This family was settled for
+five successive generations at Bowthwaite Grange, Netherdale or Nithisdale,
+co. York, and inter-married with many of the principal families of that
+period.
+
+Alfred Inman married Amelia, daughter of Owen Gam. Who was Owen Gam?
+
+Arthur Inman married Cecilia, daughter of Llewellyn Clifford. Who was
+Llewellyn Clifford? Not mentioned in the Clifford Peerage. Perhaps MR.
+HUGHES, or some other correspondent of "N. & Q.," may know, and have the
+kindness to make known his genealogical history.
+
+This family being strong adherents of the House of Lancaster, raised a
+troop in the royal cause under the Duke of Newcastle, at the fatal battle
+of Marston Moor, where several brothers were slain, the rest dispersed, and
+the property confiscated to Cromwell's party about 1650-52. Any
+genealogical detail from public records prior to that period, would be
+useful in tracing the descent.
+
+Sir William de Roas de Ingmanthorpe was summoned to parliament in the reign
+of Edw. I. This Ingmanthorpe, or Inmanthorpe (spelt both ways), is,
+according to Thoresby, near Knaresborough on the Nidd. Query, Was this
+person's name Inman from his residence, as usual at that period?
+
+Arms: Vert, on a chevron or, three roses gules, slipped and leaved vert.
+Crest, on a mount vert, a wyvern ppr. ducally gorged, and lined or. Motto
+lost.
+
+A SUBSCRIBER.
+
+Southsea.
+
+_Constable of Masham._--Alan Bellingham of Levins, in Westmoreland, married
+Susan, daughter of Marmaduke Constable of Masham, in Yorkshire, before the
+year 1624.
+
+I should be very much obliged to any of your genealogical readers, if they
+can inform me who was Marmaduke Constable of Masham; to which {199} family
+of Constable he belonged; and where I could find a pedigree of his family.
+
+COMES STABULI.
+
+Malta.
+
+_Fading Ink._--I have somewhere seen a receipt for an ink, which completely
+fades away after it has been written a few months. Will some chemical
+reader kindly refer me to it?
+
+C. CLIFTON BARRY.
+
+_Sir Ralph Killigrew._--Who was Sir Ralph Killigrew, born _circa_ 1585. I
+should be very much obliged to be referred to a good pedigree of the
+Killigrew family of the above period.
+
+PATONCE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Pepys._--I have lately acquired a collection of letters between Pepys and
+Major Aungier, Sir Isaac Newton, Halley, and other persons, relating to the
+management of the mathematical school at Christ's Hospital; and containing
+details of the career of some of the King's scholars after leaving the
+school. The letters extend from 1692 to 1695; and are the original letters
+received by Pepys, with his drafts of the answers. They are loosely
+stitched, in order of date, in a thick volume, and are two hundred and
+upwards in number. Are these letters known, and have they ever been
+published or referred to?
+
+A. F. B.
+
+Diss.
+
+    [It is a singular coincidence that we should receive the communication
+    of A. F. B. on the day of the publication of the new and much improved
+    library edition of Pepys's _Diary_. Would our correspondent permit us
+    to submit his collection to the editor of Pepys, who would no doubt be
+    gratified with a sight of it? We will guarantee its safe return, and
+    any expenses incurred in its transmission. On turning to the fourth
+    volume of the new edition of the _Diary_, we find the following letter
+    (now first published) from Dr. Tanner, afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph,
+    to Dr. Charlett, dated April 28, 1699:--"Mr. Pepys was just finishing a
+    letter to you last night when I gave him yours. I hear he has printed
+    some letters lately about the abuses of Christ's Hospital; they are
+    only privately handed about. A gentleman that has a very great respect
+    for Mr. Pepys, saw one of them in one of the Aldermen's hands, but
+    wishes there had been some angry expressions left out; which he fears
+    the Papists and other enemies of the Church of England will make ill
+    use of." Is anything known of this "privately printed" volume? In the
+    Life of Pepys (4th edit., p. xxxi.), mention is made of his having
+    preserved from ruin the mathematical foundation at Christ's Hospital,
+    which had been originally designed by him.--ED.]
+
+"_Retainers to Seven Shares and a Half._"--Can any reader of "N. & Q.,"
+conversant with the literature of the seventeenth century, furnish an
+explanation of this phrase? It occurs in the preface to _Steps to the
+Temple, &c._, of Richard Crashaw (the 2nd edit., in the Savoy, 1670),
+addressed by "the author's friend" to "the learned reader," and is used in
+disparagement of pretenders to poetry. The passage runs thus:
+
+    "It were prophane but to mention here in the preface those under-headed
+    poets, retainers to seven shares and a half; madrigal fellows, whose
+    only business in verse is to rime a poor sixpenny soul, a subburb
+    sinner into hell," &c.
+
+H. L.
+
+    [The performers at our earlier theatres were distinguished into whole
+    shares, three-quarter sharers, half sharers, seven-and-a-half sharers,
+    hired men, &c. In one scene of the _Histriomastic_, 1610, the dissolute
+    performers having been arrested by soldiers, one of the latter
+    exclaims, "Come on, players! now we are the sharers, and you the hired
+    men;" and in another scene, Clout, one of the characters, rejects with
+    some indignation the offer of "half a share." Gamaliel Ratsey, in that
+    rare tract, _Ratseis Ghost_, 1606, knights the principal performer of a
+    company by the title of "Sir Three Shares and a Half;" and Tucca, in
+    Ben Jonson's _Poetaster_, addressing Histrio, observes, "Commend me to
+    Seven shares and a half," as if some individual at that period had
+    engrossed as large a proportion. Shakspeare, in _Hamlet_, speaks of "a
+    whole share" as a source of no contemptible emolument, and of the owner
+    of it as a person filling no inferior station in "a cry of payers." In
+    _Northward Ho!_ also, a sharer is noticed with respect. Bellamont the
+    poet enters, and tells his servant, "Sirrah, I'll speak with none:" on
+    which the servant asks, "Not a player?" and his master replies:
+
+                  "No, though a sharer bawl:
+      I'll speak with none, although it be the mouth
+      Of the big company."
+
+    The value of a share in any particular company would depend upon the
+    number of subdivisions, upon the popularity of the body, upon the
+    stock-plays belonging to it, upon the extent of its wardrobe, and the
+    nature of its properties.--See Collier's _English Dramatic Poetry_,
+    vol. iii. p. 427.]
+
+_Madden's "Reflections and Resolutions proper for the Gentlemen of
+Ireland."_--This work, by the Rev. Samuel Madden, was first published in
+Dublin in 1738, and was reprinted at the expense of the late Mr. Thomas
+Pleasants, in one vol. 8vo., pp. 224, Dub. 1816. I possess two copies of
+the original edition, likewise in one vol. 8vo., pp. 237, and I have seen
+about a dozen; and yet I find in the preface to the reprint the following
+paragraph:
+
+    "The very curious and interesting work which is now reprinted, and
+    intended for a wide and gratuitous circulation, is also of uncommon
+    rarity; there is not a copy of it in the library of Trinity College, or
+    in any of the other public libraries of this city, which have been
+    searched on purpose. (One was purchased some {200} years ago for the
+    library of the Royal Dublin Society, if I mistake not, for 1l. 6s., or
+    rather more.) The profoundly learned Vice-Provost, Doctor Barrett,
+    never met with one; and many gentlemen well skilled in the literature
+    of Ireland, who have been applied to for information on the subject,
+    are even unacquainted with the name of the book."
+
+Of Dr. Madden, known as "Premium" Madden, few memorials exist; and yet he
+was a man of whom Johnson said, "His was a name Ireland ought to honour."
+The book in question does not appear to be of "uncommon rarity." Is it
+considered by competent judges of "exceeding merit?" I would be glad to
+know.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+    [Probably, from this work having appeared anonymously, it was unknown
+    to the writers of his life in Chalmers' and Rose's _Biographical
+    Dictionaries_, as well as to Mr. Nichols, when he wrote his account of
+    Dr. Madden in his _Literary Anecdotes_, vol. ii. p. 32. A volume
+    containing the _Reflections and Resolutions_, together with the
+    author's tragedy, _Themistocles_, 1729, and his tract, _A Proposal for
+    the General Encouragement of Learning in Dublin College_, 1732, is in
+    the Grenville Collection in the British Museum. This volume was
+    presented by Dr. Madden to Philip, Earl of Chesterfield, as appears
+    from the following MS. note on a fly-leaf: "To his Excellency the Right
+    Hon. Philip Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, these
+    Tracts, writ (how meanly soever) with a real zeal for the service of
+    that country, are most humbly presented by the author, his most
+    obedient humble servant."]
+
+_King Edward I.'s Arm._--Fuller, speaking of the death and character of
+King Edward I., winds up with these words:
+
+    "As the arm of King Edward I. was accounted the measure of a yard,
+    generally received in England; so his actions are an excellent model
+    and a praiseworthy platform for succeeding princes to
+    imitate."--_Church History_, b. iii., A.D. 1307.
+
+Query, Is there historical proof of this statement of "honest Tom?" He
+gives no reference apparently considering the fact too well established to
+require any.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+    [Ask that staunch and sturdy royalist, Peter Heylin, whether Old Tom is
+    not sometimes more facetious than correct; and whether, in the extract
+    given above, we should not read _Richard I._ for Edward I. In
+    Knyghton's _Chronicle_, lib. II. cap. viii. sub Hen. I., we find,
+    "Mercatorum falsam ulnam castigavit adhibita brachii sui mensura." See
+    also William of Malmsbury in Vita Hen. I., and Spelm. Hen. I. apud
+    Wilkins, 299., who inform us, that a new standard of longitudinal
+    measure was ascertained by Henry I., who commanded that the ulna, or
+    ancient ell, which answers to the modern yard, should be made of the
+    exact length of his own arm.]
+
+_Elstob, Elizabeth._--Can any of your numerous correspondents state where
+that celebrated Saxon linguist, Mrs. Elizabeth Elstob, was buried? In
+Chambers's _Biographical Illustrations of Worcestershire_, she is said to
+have been buried at Saint Margaret's, Westminster; but after every inquiry,
+made many years since of the then worthy churchwarden of the parish, our
+researches were in vain, for there is no account of her sepulture in the
+church or graveyard.
+
+J. B. WHITBOURNE.
+
+    [Most of the biographical notices of Mrs. Elizabeth Elstob state that
+    she was buried at St. Margaret's, Westminster. We can only account for
+    the name not appearing in the register of that church, from her having
+    _changed her name_ when she opened her school in Worcestershire, as
+    stated, on the authority of Mr. Geo. Ballard, in Nichols's _Literary
+    Anecdotes_, vol. iv. p. 714. Ballard's Correspondence is in the
+    Bodleian.]
+
+_Monumental Brasses in London._--Can any of your correspondents favour me
+with a list of churches in London, or within a mile of the same, containing
+monumental brasses? I know of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, only.
+
+J. W. BROWN.
+
+    [As our young crypto-antiquary dates his letter from Crosby Hall, he
+    will probably find in its library the following works to assist him in
+    his researches:--_List of Monumental Brasses in England_ (Rivington),
+    _Manual for the Study of Monumental Brasses_ (Parker), and Sperling's
+    _Church Walks in Middlesex_ (Masters). Two are noticed in Waller's
+    _Monumental Brasses_, fol., 1842, viz. Dr. Christopher Urswick, in
+    Hackney Church, A.D. 1521, and Andrew Evyngar and wife, in All-Hallows
+    Barking Church. If we mistake not, there is one in St. Faith's, near
+    St. Paul's.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+RAPPING NO NOVELTY; AND TABLE-TURNING.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 512. 632.; Vol. ix., pp. 39. 88. 135.)
+
+    "There is a curious criminal process on record, manuscript 1770,
+    noticed by Voltaire as in the library of the King of France, which was
+    founded upon a remarkable set of visions said to have occurred to the
+    monks of Orleans.
+
+    "The illustrious house of St. Memin had been very liberal to the
+    convent, and had their family vault under the church. The wife of a
+    Lord of St. Memin, Provost of Orleans, died, and was buried. The
+    husband, thinking that his ancestors had given more than enough to the
+    convent, sent the monks a present, which they thought too small. They
+    formed a plan to have her body disinterred, and to force the widower to
+    pay a second fee for depositing it again in holy ground.
+
+    "The soul of the lady first appeared to two of the brethren, and said
+    to them, 'I am damned, like Judas, because my husband has not given
+    sufficient.' They hoped to extort money for the repose of her soul. But
+    the husband said, 'If she is really damned, all the money in the world
+    won't save her,' and gave them nothing. Perceiving their mistake, they
+    declared she appeared again, saying she was in _Purgatory_, and {201}
+    demanding to be disinterred. But this seemed a curious request, and
+    excited suspicion, for it was not likely that a soul in purgatory would
+    ask to have the body removed from holy ground, neither had any in
+    purgatory ever been known to desire to be exhumed.
+
+    "The soul after this did not try _speaking_ any more, but haunted
+    everybody in the convent and church. Brother Peter of Arras adopted a
+    very awkward manner of conjuring it. He said to it, 'If thou art the
+    soul of the late Madame de St. Memin, strike four knocks,' and the four
+    knocks were struck. 'If thou art damned, strike six knocks,' and the
+    six knocks were struck. 'If thou art still tormented in hell, because
+    thy body is buried in holy ground, knock six more times,' and the six
+    knocks were heard still more distinctly. 'If we disinter thy body, wilt
+    thou be less damned, certify to us by five knocks,' and the soul so
+    certified. This statement was signed by twenty-two cordeliers. The
+    father provincial asked the same questions and received the same
+    answers. The Lord of St. Memin prosecuted the father cordeliers. Judges
+    were appointed. The general of the commission required that they should
+    be burned; but the sentence only condemned them to make the 'amende
+    honorable,' with a torch in their bosom, and to be banished."
+
+This sentence is of the 18th of February, 1535. Vide Abbe Langlet's
+_History of Apparitions_.
+
+From the above extract, and from what your correspondents MR. JARDINE and
+R. I. R. have written, it is satisfactorily shown that rapping is no
+novelty, having been known in England and France some centuries ago. MR.
+JARDINE has given us an instance in 1584, and leads us to suppose that it
+was the earliest on record. I now give one as early as 1534; and it would
+be interesting to know if the monks of Orleans were the first to have
+practised this imposition, and to have been banished for their deception
+and fraud.
+
+WILLIAM WINTHROP.
+
+Malta.
+
+In Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. XXIX. cap. i. p. 552. of a Paris edition,
+1681, two persons, Patricius and Hilarius, charged with disseminating
+prophecies injurious to the Emperor Valens, were brought before a court of
+justice, and a tripod, which they were charged with using, was also
+produced. Hilarius then made the following acknowledgment:
+
+    "Construximus, magnifici judices, ad cortinae similitudinem Delphicae,
+    diris auspiciis, de laureis virgulis infaustam hanc mensulam quam
+    videtis; et imprecationibus carminum secretorum, choragiisque multis ac
+    diuturnis ritualiter consecratam movimus tandem; movendi autem, quoties
+    super rebus arcanis consulebatur, erat institutio talis. Collocabatur
+    in medio domus emaculatae odoribus Arabicis undique, lance rotunda pure
+    superposita, ex diversis metallicis materiis fabrefacta; cujus in
+    ambitu rotunditatis extremo elementorum viginti quatuor scriptiles
+    formae incisae perite, dijungebantur spatiis examinate dimensis. Hac
+    linteis quidam indumentis amictus, calciatusque itidem linteis soccis,
+    torulo capiti circumflexo, verbenas felicis arboris gestans, litato
+    conceptis carminibus numine praescitionum auctore, caerimoniali
+    scientia perstitit; cortinulis pensilem anulum librans, sartum ex
+    carpathio filo perquam levi, mysticis disciplinis initiatum: qui per
+    intervalla distincta retinentibus singulis litteris incidens saltuatim,
+    heroos efficit versus interrogationibus consonos, ad numeros et modos
+    plene conclusos; quales leguntur Pythici, vel ex oraculis editi
+    Branchidarum. Ibi tum quaerentibus nobis, qui praesenti succedet
+    imperio, quoniam omni parte expolitus fore memorabatur et adsiliens
+    anulus duas perstrinxerat syllabas, [Greek: THEO] cum adjectione
+    litterae postrema, exclamavit praesentium quidem, Theodorum
+    praescribente fatali necessitate portendi."
+
+In lib. XXXI. cap. ii. p. 621. of same edition, a method of prognostication
+by the Alami is described; but there is no mention of tables there. The
+historian only says:
+
+    "Rectiores virgas vimineas colligentes, easque cum incantamentis
+    quibusdam secretis praestituto tempore discernentes, aperte quid
+    portendatur norunt."
+
+H. W.
+
+The mention of table-turning by Ammianus Marcellinus reminds me of a
+curious passage in the _Apologeticus_ of Tertullian, cap. xxiii., to which
+I invite the attention of those interested in the subject:
+
+    "Porro si et magi phantasmata edunt et jam defunctorum infamant animas;
+    si pueros in eloquium oraculi elidunt; si multa miracula circulatoriis
+    praestigiis ludunt; si et somnia immittunt habentes semel invitatorum
+    angelorum et daemonum assistentem sibi potestatem, _per quos_ et caprae
+    et _mensae divinare consueverunt_; quanto magis," &c.
+
+Here table divination by means of angels and demons seems distinctly
+alluded to. How like the modern system! The context of this passage, as
+well as the extract itself, will suggest singular coincidence between
+modern and ancient pretensions of this class.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL WHITELOCKE.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 521. 621.)
+
+Much interesting information concerning General Whitelocke, about whose
+conduct some difference of opinion appears to exist, will be found in the
+Rev. Erskine Neale's _Risen from the Ranks_ (London, Longmans, 1853); but
+neither the date nor the place of his death is there given. The reverend
+writer's account of the general's conduct is not at all favourable. After
+alluding to him as "a chief unequal to his position," he says:
+
+    "John Whitelocke was born in the year 1759, and received his early
+    education in the Grammar School at Marlborough. His father was steward
+    to John, fourth Earl of Aylesbury; and the peer, in {202}
+    acknowledgment of the faithful services of his trusted dependent,
+    placed young Whitelocke at Lochee's Military Academy, near Chelsea.
+    There he remained till 1777, when, the Earl's friendly disposition
+    remaining in full force, and the youth's predilection for a military
+    career continuing unabated, an ensigncy was procured him, through Lord
+    Aylesbury's intervention, in the 14th regiment of Foot."--_Risen from
+    the Ranks_, p. 68.
+
+Through the influence of his brother-in-law, General Brownrigge,
+Whitelocke's promotion was rapid; and in 1807 he was gazetted
+commander-in-chief of an expedition destined for the recapture of Buenos
+Ayres. His conduct during this expedition became the subject of a
+court-martial; he was found guilty, sentenced to be cashiered, and declared
+to be "totally unfit to serve his Majesty in any military capacity
+whatever."
+
+Judging from the evidence adduced, the conduct of the commander-in-chief
+was totally unworthy of the flag under which he served, and highly
+calculated to arouse the indignation of the men whom he commanded; and for
+some considerable time, whenever the soldiers met together to take a
+friendly glass, the toast was, "Success to _grey hairs_, but bad luck to
+_White-locks_!" On the whole, the Rev. E. Neale's account seems to be quite
+impartial; and most persons, after reading the evidence of the general's
+extremely vacillating conduct, will be inclined to agree with him in
+awarding this unfortunate officer the title of the "Flincher-General at
+Buenos Ayres."
+
+JAMES SPENCE HARRY.
+
+I have only just seen your correspondent's Reply (Vol. ix., p. 87.)
+respecting General Whitelocke. He is right in stating that the general
+resided at Clifton: he might have added, as late as 1830; but he had
+previously, for time, lived at Butcombe Court, Somersetshire.
+
+There is an anecdote still rife in the neighbourhood, that when Whitelocke
+came down to see the house before taking it, he put up at an inn, and after
+dinner asked the landlord to take a glass of wine with him. Upon
+announcing, however, who he was, the landlord started up and declared he
+would not drink another glass with him, throwing down at the same time the
+price of the bottle, that he might not be indebted to the general.
+
+Respecting the story of the flints, it is said that he desired them to be
+taken out of the muskets, wishing that the men should only use their
+bayonets against the enemy.
+
+ARDELIO.
+
+I remember well that soon after the unsuccessful attack of General
+Whitelocke upon Buenos Ayres, it was stated that the flints had been taken
+out of the muskets of some of our regiments because they were quite raw
+troops, and the General thought that they might, from want of knowledge and
+use of fire-arms, do more mischief to themselves than to the enemy, and
+that they had better trust to the bayonet alone. The consequence was, that
+when they entered the streets of the town, they found no enemy in them to
+whom they could apply the bayonet. The inhabitants and troops were in the
+strong stone houses, and fired on and killed our men with perfect impunity,
+as not a shot could be fired in return: to surrender was their only chance
+of life. A reference to a file of newspapers of that date (which I am too
+lazy to make myself) will show whether this was understood at the time to
+be a fact or not.
+
+J. SS.
+
+In the _Autobiography of B. Haydon_ (I think vol. i.), he mentions that as
+he was passing through Somersetshire on his way from Plymouth to London, he
+saw General Whitelocke. A reference to the passage may interest G. L. S.
+
+W. DENTON.
+
+The following charade was in vogue at the time of Whitelocke's death:
+
+  "My first is an emblem of purity;
+  My second is that of security;
+  My whole forms a name
+  Which, if yours were the same,
+  You would blush to hand down to posterity."
+
+J. Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"MAN PROPOSES, BUT GOD DISPOSES."
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 552.; Vol. ix., p. 87.)
+
+1. If your correspondent H. P. will again examine my communication on this
+subject, he will find that I have _not_ overlooked the view which
+attributes the _De Imitatione_ to John Gerson, but have expressly referred
+to it.
+
+2. If Gerson _was_ the author, this will not prove that in quoting the
+proverb in question, Piers Ploughman quoted from the _De Imitatione_, as
+H. P. supposes. The dates which I gave will show this. The _Vision_ was
+written about A.D. 1362, whereas, according to Du Pin, John Gerson was born
+December 14, 1363, took a prominent part in the Council of Constance, 1414,
+and died in 1429. Of the Latin writers of the fifteenth century, Mosheim
+says:
+
+    "At their head we may justly place John Gerson, Chancellor of the
+    University of Paris, the most illustrious ornament that this age can
+    boast of, a man of great influence and authority, whom the Council of
+    Constance looked upon an its oracle, the lovers of liberty as their
+    patron, and whose memory is yet precious to such among the French
+    clergy as are at all zealous for the maintenance of their privileges
+    against papal despotism."--_Ecc. Hist._, cent. xv. ch. ii. sec. 24.
+
+3. Gerson was not a Benedictine monk, but a Parisian cure, and Canon of
+Notre Dame:
+
+    "He was made curate (_cure_, parson or rector) of St. John's, in Greve,
+    on the 29th of March, 1408, and {203} continued so to 1413, when in a
+    sedition raised by the partizans of the Duke of Burgundy, his house was
+    plundered by the mob, and he obliged to fly into the church of Notre
+    Dame, where he continued for some time concealed."--Du Pin, _History of
+    the Church_, cent. xv. ch. viii.
+
+It is said that the treatise in question first appeared--
+
+    "Appended to a MS. of Gerson's _De Consolatione Theologiae_, dated
+    1421. This gave rise to the supposition that he was the real author of
+    that celebrated work; and indeed it is a very doubtful point whether
+    this opinion is true or not, there being several high authorities which
+    ascribe to him the authorship of that book."--Knight's _Penny
+    Cyclopaedia_, vol. vi. art. "Gerson."
+
+Was there then _another_ John Gerson, a monk, and Abbot of St. Stephen,
+between 1200 and 1240, to whom, as well as to the above, the _De
+Imitatione_ has been ascribed? This, though not impossible, appears
+extremely improbable. Is H. P. prepared with evidence to prove it?
+
+Du Pin, in the chapter above quoted, farther says, in speaking of the _De
+Imitatione Christi_:
+
+    "The style is pretty much like that of the other devotional books of
+    Thomas a Kempis. Nevertheless, in his lifetime it was attributed to St.
+    Bernard and Gerson. The latter was most commonly esteemed the author of
+    it in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Afterwards some MSS. of it
+    were found in Italy, where it is attributed to one Gerson or Gessen, to
+    whom is given the title of _abbot_. Perhaps Gersen or Gessen are only
+    corruptions of the name of Gerson. Notwithstanding, there are two
+    things which will hardly let us believe that this was Gerson's book;
+    one, that the author calls himself a monk, the other, that the style is
+    very different from that of the Chancellor of Paris. All this makes it
+    difficult to decide to which of these three authors it belongs. We must
+    leave Thomas a Kempis in possession of what is attributed to him,
+    without deciding positively in his favour."
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+This saying is quoted twice, as follows, in _The Chronicle of Battel Abbey
+from 1066 to 1177_, translated by Mr. Lower, 8vo., London, 1851:
+
+    "Thus, '_Man proposes, but God disposes_,' for he was not permitted to
+    carry that resolution into effect."--P. 27.
+
+    "But, as the Scripture saith, '_Man proposes, but God disposes_,' so
+    Christ suffered not His Church to want its ancient and rightful
+    privileges."--P. 83.
+
+Mr. Lower says in his Preface, p. x.:
+
+    "Of the identity of the author nothing certain can be inferred, beyond
+    the bare fact of his having been a monk of Battel. A few passages would
+    almost incline one to believe that Abbot Odo, who was living at the
+    date of the last events narrated in the work, and who is known to have
+    been a literary character of some eminence, was the writer of at least
+    some portions of the volume."
+
+It is stated at the beginning to be in part derived from early document and
+traditional statements.
+
+E. J. M.
+
+Hastings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NAPOLEON'S SPELLING.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 386. 502.)
+
+The question as to Napoleon's spelling may seem, at first sight, to be one
+of little importance; and yet, if we will look at it aright, we shall find
+that it involves many points of interest for the philosopher and the
+historian. During a residence of some years in France, I had heard it
+remarked, more than once, by persons who appeared hostile to the Napoleon
+dynasty, that its great founder had, in his bulletins and other public
+documents, shown an unaccountable ignorance of the common rules of
+orthography: but I had never seen the assertion put forth by any competent
+writer until I met with the remarks of Macaulay, already quoted by me, Vol.
+viii., p. 386.
+
+In reply to my inquiry as to the authority for this statement, your
+correspondent C. has readily and kindly furnished a passable from
+Bourrienne's _Memoires_, in which it is alleged that Napoleon's
+"orthographe est en general _extraordinairement estropiee_."
+
+From all this it must be taken for granted, as, indeed, it has never been
+denied, that Napoleon's spelling is defective; but the question to be
+considered is, whether that defectiveness was the effect of ignorance or of
+design. That it did not arise from ignorance would seem probable for the
+following reasons.
+
+Napoleon received his education chiefly in France; and it is to be presumed
+that the degree of instruction in grammar, orthography, &c., _ordinarily_
+bestowed on educated Frenchmen, was not withheld from him.
+
+To say the least of it, he was endued with sufficient intelligence to
+acquire an _ordinary_ knowledge of such matters.
+
+Nay more: he was a man of the highest order of genius. Between the
+possession of genius, and a knowledge of orthography, there is, I admit, no
+necessary connexion. The humblest pedagogue may be able to spell more
+correctly than the greatest philosopher. But neither, on the other hand,
+does genius of any kind necessarily preclude a knowledge of spelling.
+
+While still a young man, Napoleon wrote several works in French, such as
+the _Souper de Beaucaire_, the _Memoire sur la Culture du Murier_, &c. Some
+of the manuscripts of these writings must be still extant; and a comparison
+of the spelling of his unpretending youth, with that of his aspiring {204}
+manhood, would show at once whether the "_orthographe extraordinairement
+estropiee_" of his later productions was the result of habit or design.
+
+The orthography of the French language is peculiarly intricate; and it is
+no uncommon thing to meet with educated men in that country who are unable
+to spell with accuracy. That Napoleon may have been in a similar
+predicament, would not be surprising; but that it should be said of the
+most _extraordinary_ man of the age, that his spelling is
+_extraordinairement estropiee_, seems inexplicable upon any fair
+supposition, except that he accounted the rules of spelling unworthy the
+attention of any but copyists and office drudges; or (which is more
+probable) that he wished this extraordinary spelling to be received as an
+indication of the great rapidity with which he could commit his thoughts to
+paper.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., p. 3.)
+
+There appearing to be a strong feeling that a correct edition of these
+_Memoirs_ should be published, with the present inaccurate notes thoroughly
+revised, I send you a few notes from a collection I have made on the
+subject.
+
+The proper orthography of the name is "Gramont," and the family probably
+originally came from Spain. Matta's friend, the Marquis de Sevantes,
+asserts the fact; and it is corroborated by the fact, that on the occasion
+of the Marshal de Grammont's demanding the hand of the Infanta Maria
+Theresa for Louis XIV., the people cried, "Viva el Marescal de Agramont,
+que es de nuestro sangue!" And the King of Spain said to the Marshal after
+the presentation of his sons, the Counts de Guiche and De Louvigny, "Teneis
+Muy Buenos y lindos hijos y bien se hecha de ver que los Agramonteses salen
+de la sangue de Espana."
+
+The Grammont family had been so enriched and ennobled by its repeated
+marriages with the heiresses of great families, that, like many noble
+houses of our own times, members of it hardly knew their own correct
+surname: thus, in the famous declaration of the parliament of Paris against
+the Peers in 1717, on the subject of the Caps, it was said:
+
+    "The Grammonts have determined on their armorial bearings, and hold to
+    those of the house of Aure. The Count de Grammont said one day to the
+    Marshal, What arms shall we use this year?"
+
+The Grammonts in the male line are descended from Sancho Garcia d'Aure,
+Viscount de l'Arboust. Menaud d'Aure, his lineal representative, married
+Claire de Grammont, sister and heiress of Jean, Seigneur de Grammont, and
+daughter of Francis, Seigneur de Grammont, and Catherine d'Andoins his
+wife.
+
+Menaud d'Aure is the ancestor who is disguised in the _Memoirs_ as
+"Menaudaure" and "Menodore;" and in the notes, coupled with "la belle
+Corisande," they are styled two of the ancestresses of the family
+celebrated for their beauty.
+
+Philibert, who was styled Philibert de Grammont and de Toulongeon, Count de
+Grammont and de Guiche, Viscount d'Aster, Captain of fifty men at arms,
+Governor and Mayor of Bayonne, Seneschal of Bearne, married on Aug. 7,
+1567, Diana, better known as "La belle Corisande" d'Andouins, Viscountess
+de Louvigny, Dame de Lescun, the only daughter of Paul Viscount de
+Louvigny; who, although a Huguenot, was killed at the siege of Rouen,
+fighting under the command of the Duke de Guise. They had two children:
+Antoine, subsequently the first duke, and Catherine, who married Francois
+Nompar de Chaumont, Count de Lauzun, the ancestor of the celebrated Duke de
+Lauzun, who was first introduced at court by his relative the Marshal de
+Grammont.
+
+This Philibert, Count de Grammont, was killed at the siege of La Fere in
+Aug. 1580. The connexion between his widow, the fair Corisande, and Henry
+IV., was subsequent to the Count's death.
+
+The Duchy Peerage was created on Dec. 13, 1643. Antoine, the first duke,
+married, firstly, on Sept. 1, 1601, Louise, eldest daughter of the Marshal
+de Roquelaure; she died in 1610, leaving Antoine, subsequently the Marshal
+Duke de Grammont, and Roger, Count de Louvigny, killed in a duel in
+Flanders on March 18, 1629. The Duke de Grammont married, secondly, on
+March 29, 1618, Claude, eldest daughter of Louis de Montmorency, Baron de
+Boutteville; and had Henri, Count de Toulongeon, who died unmarried on
+Sept. 1, 1679; Philibert, the celebrated Chevalier de Grammont, who was
+born in 1621; and three daughters.
+
+The Marshal de Grammont was one of the most celebrated men of the court of
+Louis XIV.: he was a favourite both of Richelieu and Mazarin, and married a
+niece of the former; and, as a wit, was not inferior to his brother the
+Chevalier. He sided with the Court during the wars of the Fronde; whilst
+the Chevalier in the first instance joined the Prince of Conde, probably
+from their mutual connexion with the Montmorency family. The Marshal died
+at Bayonne, on July 12, 1678, aged seventy-four years, leaving four
+children, of whom the Count de Guiche and the Princess de Monaco are well
+known.
+
+The Chevalier de Grammont received his outfit from his mother, and joined
+the army under Prince Thomas of Savoy, then besieging Trin in Piedmont,
+which was taken on Sept. 24, 1643. The notes to the _Memoirs_ say May 4,
+1639; but that {205} was a former siege by the French, then under the
+command of the Cardinal de la Vallette.
+
+Probably this will be as much as you can afford space for at present, and I
+will therefore reserve any farther communications for a future Number.
+
+W. H. LAMMIN.
+
+Fulham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE MYRTLE BEE.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 593.)
+
+Ere venturing an opinion as to the exact size of the above, as compared
+with the Golden-crested Wren, I should much like to ascertain where I am
+likely to meet with a faithful specimen of the latter? The Myrtle Bee is
+about half the size of the common Wren, certainly not larger: and I always
+took it for granted, the bird derived its name from its diminutiveness and
+the cover it frequented. I cannot say the bird was generally known in the
+neighbourhood, having only met with it when in company with sportsmen, in a
+description of country little frequented by others. I originally obtained
+the name when a boy from a deceased parent whom I accompanied out shooting;
+and for a succession of years the bird was familiar to me, in fact, to all
+sportsmen of that period who shot over the immediate locality; we all knew
+it, although its name was seldom mentioned. In fact, it never induced a
+thought beyond--"Confound the bees, how they bother the dogs"--or some such
+expression. I am unacquainted with the Dartford Warbler (_Sylvia
+provincialis_, Gmel.); but the description as quoted by Mr. Salmon from
+Yarrell's _Hist. of British Birds_, 1839, vol. i. p. 311. et seq., differs
+from the Myrtle Bee. The Warbler is said to haunt and build among furze on
+commons, and flies with jerks; whereas I never met with the Myrtle Bee
+among furze, neither does it fly with jerks: on the contrary, its short
+flight is rapid, steady, and direct. The description of the Warbler appears
+to agree with a small bird well known here as the Furze Chat, but which is
+out of all proportion as compared with the Myrtle Bee.
+
+As regards the Query touching the possibility of my memory being
+treacherous respecting the colour of the bird, after a lapse of twenty-five
+years, more faith will be placed therein on my stating that I am an old
+fly-fisher, making my own flies: and that no strange bird ever came to hand
+without undergoing a searching scrutiny as to colour and texture of the
+feathers, with the view of converting it to fishing purposes. No such use
+could be made of the Bee. In a former Number I described the tongue of the
+Myrtle Bee as round, sharp, and pointed at the end, appearing capable of
+penetration. I beg to say that I was solely indebted to accident in being
+able to do so, viz. the tongue protruded beyond the point of the bill,
+owing to the pressure it received in my dog's mouth; the dog having brought
+it out enveloped in dead grass, from the foot of the myrtle bush.
+
+CHARLES BROWN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CELTIC ETYMOLOGY.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 136.)
+
+MR. CROSSLEY seems to confine the word _Celtic_ to the Irish branch of that
+dialect. My notion of the words _iosal_ and _iriosal_ is taken from the
+Highland Gaelic, and the authorised version of the Bible in that language.
+Let Celtic scholars who look to the sense of words in the _four_ spoken
+languages, decide between us. There can be no doubt of the meaning of the
+two words in the Gaelic of Job v. 11. and Ps. iv. 6. In Welsh, and (I
+believe) in bas-Breton, there is no word similar to _uim_ or _umhal_, in
+the senses of _humus_ and _humilis_, to be found. In Gaelic _uir_ is more
+common than _uim_, and _talamh_ more common than either in the sense of
+_humus_; and in that of _humble_, _iosal_ and _iriosal_ are much more
+common than _umhal_.
+
+It is certain that Latin was introduced into Ireland before it reached the
+Highlands, and Christianity with it; and therefore, as this word is not
+found in one branch of the Celtic at all, and is not a very common word in
+another, it is not unreasonable to suppose that it is of Latin origin. The
+sense which MR. CROSSLEY declares to be the only sense of _iosal_ and
+_iriosal_, is precisely that which is the nearest to the original meaning
+of _low_, and _low as the earth_; and this is also the sense which
+_humilis_ always bears in classical Latin, though Christianity (which first
+recognised _humility_ as a virtue, instead of stigmatising it as a
+meanness) attached to it the sense which its derivatives in all modern
+Romance languages, with the exception of Italian, exclusively bear.
+
+Now MR. CROSSLEY has omitted to notice the fact that _umhal_ in Gaelic,
+and, I believe, _umal_ in Irish, have not the intermediate sense of _low_
+and _cringing_, but only the Christian sense of _humble_, as a virtuous
+attribute. It seems natural that if _uim_ and _umal_ were radical words,
+the latter would bear the some relation to _uim_, in every respect, which
+_humilis_ does to _humus_, its supposed derivative. But unless _humus_ be
+derived from [Greek: chamai] (the root of [Greek: chthon] and [Greek:
+chthamalos]), how does MR. CROSSLEY account for the _h_, which had a sound
+in Latin as well as _horror_ and _hostilis_, both of which retain the
+aspirate in English, though they lose it in French? If MR. CROSSLEY will
+tell me why _horreur_ and _hostile_ have no aspirate in French, I will tell
+him why _heir_, _honour_, and _humour_ have none in English, though _humid_
+(which is as closely connected with _humour_, as _humidus_ is with _humor_)
+retains the aspirate. {206}
+
+These Celtic etymologies, however, though amusing, do not touch the main
+point, which is simply this: the usual mode of pronouncing the word
+_humble_ in good English society. What that is, seems to be so
+satisfactorily shown by your correspondent S. G. C., Vol. viii., p. 393.,
+that all farther argument on the subject would be superfluous.
+
+E. C. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Improvements in the Albumenized Process._--Your expectation of being soon
+able to announce the successful manufacture of a new negative calotype
+paper, will, I am sure, be gladly received by many photographers, and
+especially by those who, like me, have been subjected to much
+disappointment with Turner's paper. For one sheet that has turned out well,
+at least half-a-dozen have proved useless from spottiness, and some sheets
+do not take the iodizing solution evenly, from an apparent want of
+uniformity in the texture of the paper, which causes the solution to
+penetrate portions the moment it is laid on the solution. Undoubtedly, when
+it does succeed, it is superior to Whatman's, but this is not enough to
+compensate for its extreme uncertainty.
+
+In DR. DIAMOND'S directions for the calotype, he gave a formula for the
+addition of bromide of potassium to the iodide of potassium, but did not
+speak with much certainty as to the proportions. Will he kindly say whether
+he has made farther trials; and if so, whether they confirm the proportions
+given by him, or have led him to adopt any change in this respect? and will
+he likewise say whether the iodizing solution which he recommends for
+Turner's paper, is suitable also to Whatman's?
+
+In albumenizing paper, I have not found it desirable to remove the paper
+very slowly from the solution. Whenever I have done so, it has invariably
+dried with waves and streaks, which quite spoiled the sheet. A steady
+motion, neither too slow nor too quick, I have found succeed perfectly, so
+that I now never spoil a sheet. I have used the solution with less albumen
+than recommended by DR. DIAMOND. My formula has been.--
+
+  Albumen              8 oz.
+  Water                12 oz.
+  Muriate ammon.       60 grs.
+  Common salt          60 grs.
+
+And this, I find, gives a sufficient gloss to the paper; but that of course
+is a matter of taste.
+
+I have not either found it essential to allow the paper to remain on the
+solution three minutes or longer, as recommended by DR. DIAMOND. With
+Canson paper, either negative or positive, a minute and a half has been
+sufficient. I have used two dishes, and as soon as a sheet was removed,
+drained, and replaced, I have taken the sheet from the other dish. In this
+way I found that each sheet lay on the solution about one and a half
+minutes, and with the assistance of a person to hang and dry them (which I
+have done before a fire), I have prepared from forty to forty-five sheets
+in an hour, requiring of course to be ironed afterwards.
+
+I have tried a solution of nitrate of silver of thirty grains to one ounce
+of distilled water, to excite this paper, and it appears to answer just as
+well as forty grains. I send you two small collodion views, takes by me and
+printed on albumenized paper prepared as mentioned, and excited with a
+30-grain solution of nitrate of silver.
+
+Is there any certain way of telling the right side of Canson paper,
+negative and positive? On the positive paper on one side, when held in a
+particular position towards the light, shaded bars may be observed; and on
+this side, when looked _through_, the name reads right. Is this the right
+or the wrong side?
+
+C. E. F.
+
+Since I wrote to you last, I have tried a solution of twelve grains only of
+nitrate of silver to the ounce of distilled water, for the paper
+albumenized, as mentioned in my letter of the 13th of February, and have
+found it to answer perfectly. The paper I used was _thin_ Canson, floated
+for one minute exactly on the solution; but I have no doubt the thick
+Canson will succeed just as well; and here I may observe that I have never
+found any advantage in allowing the paper to rest on the solution for three
+or four minutes, as generally recommended, but the contrary, as the paper,
+without being in the least more sensitive, becomes much sooner discoloured
+by keeping. My practice has been to float the thin Canson about half a
+minute, and the thick Canson not more than a minute.
+
+C. E. F.
+
+_Mr. Crookes on restoring old Collodion._--I am happy to explain to your
+correspondent what I consider to be the _rationale_ of the process.
+
+The colour which iodized collodion assumes on keeping, I consider to be
+entirely due to the gradual separation of iodine from the iodide of
+potassium or ammonium originally introduced. There are several ways in
+which this may take place; if the cotton on paper contain the slightest
+trace of nitric acid, owing to its not being _thoroughly_ washed (and this
+is not as easy as is generally supposed), the liberation of iodine in the
+collodion is certain to take place a short time after its being made.
+
+It is possible also that there may be a gradual decomposition of the
+zyloidin itself, and consequent liberation of the iodide by this means,
+with formation of nitrate of potassa or ammonia; but the most probable
+cause I consider to be the following. The ether gradually absorbs oxygen
+from the atmosphere, being converted into acetic acid; this, by its
+superior affinities, reacts on the iodide present, converting it into
+acetate, with liberation of hydriodic acid; while this latter, under the
+influence of the atmospheric oxygen, is very rapidly converted into water
+and iodine.
+
+I am satisfied by experiment that this is one of the causes of the
+separation of iodine, and I think it is the only one, for the following
+reason; neither bromised nor chlorised collodion undergo the slightest
+change of colour, however long they may be kept. Now, if the former
+agencies were at work, there is no reason why bromine should not be
+liberated from a bromide as well as iodine from an iodide; but on the
+latter {207} supposition, could take place, the affinities of acetic acid
+being insufficient to displace hydrobromic acid.
+
+A great many experiments which I tried last autumn, for the express purpose
+of clearing up this point, have convinced me that, _caeteris paribus_, the
+addition of free iodine to the iodizing solution, tends to diminish the
+sensitiveness of the subsequently formed iodide of silver. On paper, this
+diminution of sensitiveness is attended with some advantages, so that at
+present I hardly know whether to introduce the free iodine or not; but in
+collodion, as far as my experience goes, I see no reason for retaining it;
+on the contrary, everything seems to be in favour of its removal.
+
+I can hardly imagine that the increased sensitiveness mentioned by MR.
+HENNAH is really due to the free iodine which he introduces. Such a result
+being so contrary to all my experience, I would venture to suggest that
+there must be some other cause for its beneficial action; for instance,
+commercial iodide of potassium is generally alkaline, owing to impurities
+present; the tincture of iodine in this case would render the collodion
+neutral, and unless a very large excess of iodine were introduced, its good
+effects would be very apparent. This, however, involving the employment of
+impure chemicals, is a very improbable explanation of a phenomenon observed
+by so excellent an operator as MR. HENNAH: there is most likely some local
+cause which would be overlooked unless expressly searched for.
+
+With regard to the point, whether the free iodine is the _sole_ cause of
+the deterioration of old collodion, I should say decidedly not, at least in
+a theoretical view; the liberation of free iodine necessitates some other
+changes in the collodion, and the result must be influenced by these in one
+way or another, but practically I have as yet found nothing to warrant the
+supposition that they perceptibly interfere with the sensitiveness of the
+film.
+
+In the above I have endeavoured as much as possible to avoid
+technicalities, in order to make it intelligible to amateurs; but if there
+be any part which may be considered obscure, on its being pointed out to
+me, I will endeavour to solve the difficulty.
+
+WILLIAM CROOKES.
+
+Hammersmith.
+
+_Photographic Queries._--1. Would you, Sir, or DR. DIAMOND (DR. MANSELL is
+too far off), be kind enough to inform your readers whether DR. MANSELL'S
+process, recommended in No. 225., is equally applicable to _inland_ as to
+sea-side operations; or must we, in the one case, follow DR. DIAMOND, and
+in the other DR. MANSELL, and thus be compelled to prepare two sets of
+papers?
+
+2. DR. MANSELL recommends, as a test for the iodized paper, a _strong_
+solution of bichloride of mercury; may we ask _how strong_?
+
+3. MR. SISSON'S developing fluid has undergone so many changes, and has
+been so much written about, that we are at a loss to discover or to
+determine whether it has been at length settled, in the mind of the
+inventor, that it will do equally well for negatives as for positives.
+
+FOUR PHOTOGRAPHIC READERS.
+
+    [1. Both papers are equally available for both purposes. In actual
+    practice we have not ourselves experienced any difference in their
+    results.
+
+    2. It is quite immaterial. A drachm of bichloride dissolved in one
+    ounce of spirits of wine will cause a cloudiness and a precipitate, if
+    a very few drops are added to the tested water.
+
+    3. In general the salts of iron are more adapted for positives, and
+    weak pyrogallic acid solutions for negatives; say one and a half grain
+    of pyrogallic acid, twenty minims of glacial acetic acid, and an ounce
+    of distilled water.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_London Fortifications_ (Vol. ix., p. 174.).--In last week's Number is an
+inquiry as to "London Fortifications" in the time of the Commonwealth.
+
+There is a Map by Vertue, dated 1738, in a folio _History of London_; there
+is one a trifle smaller, copied from the above; also one with page of
+description, _Gentleman's Magazine_, June, 1749. I subscribed to a set of
+twenty etchings, published last year by Mr. P. Thompson of the New Road;
+they are very curious, being facsimiles of a set of drawings done by a
+Capt. John Eyre of Oliver Cromwell's own regiment, dated 1643. The drawings
+are now I believe in the possession of the City of London.
+
+A CONSTANT READER.
+
+    [The drawings referred to by our correspondent are, we hear, by
+    competent judges regarded as _not genuine_. Such also, we are told, is
+    the opinion given of many drawings ascribed to Hollar and Captain John
+    Eyre, which have been purchased by a gentleman of our acquaintance, and
+    submitted by him to persons most conversant with such drawings. Query,
+    Are the drawings purporting to be by Captain John Eyre, drawings of the
+    period at which they are dated?]
+
+_Burke's Domestic Correspondence_ (Vol. ix., p. 9.).--In reference to a
+Query in "N.& Q." relative to unpublished documents respecting Edmund
+Burke, I beg to inform your correspondent N. O. that I have no doubt but
+that some new light might be thrown on the subject by an application to Mr.
+George Shackleton, Ballitore, a descendant of Abraham Shackleton, Burke's
+old schoolmaster, who I believe has a quantity of letters written to his
+old master Abraham, and also to his son Richard, who had Burke for a
+schoolfellow, and continued the friendship afterwards, both by writing and
+personally. When Richard attended yearly meetings in London, he was always
+a guest at Beaconsfield. Burke was so much attached to Richard, that on one
+of these visits he caused Shackleton's portrait to be painted and presented
+it to him, and it is now in the possession of the above family. I have no
+doubt but that an application to the above gentleman would produce some
+testimony.
+
+F. H.
+
+{208}
+
+_Battle of Villers-en-Couche_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--A good account of
+this celebrated engagement, with several authentic documents relating to
+what happened on the occasion, will be found in that very interesting
+little work, _Risen from the Ranks_, by the Rev. E. Neale (London,
+Longmans, 1853).
+
+JAMES SPENCE HARRY.
+
+"_I could not love thee, dear, so much_" (Vol. ix., p. 125.).--These lines
+are from an exquisite _morceau_ entitled _To Lucasta, on going to the
+Wars_, by the gay, gallant, and ill-fated cavalier, Richard Lovelace, whose
+undying loyalty and love, and whose life, and every line that he wrote, are
+all redolent of the best days of chivalry. They are to be found in a 12mo.
+volume, _Lucasta_, London, 1649. The entire piece is so short, that I
+venture to subjoin it:
+
+  "Tell me not, sweet, I am unkinde,
+    That from the nunnerie
+  Of thy chaste breast and quiet minde,
+    To warre and armes I flie.
+
+  "True, a new mistresse now I chase,
+    The first foe in the field;
+  And with a stronger faith imbrace
+    A sword, a horse, a shield.
+
+  "Yet this inconstancy is such,
+    As you too shall adore;
+  I could not love thee, deare, so much,
+    Loved I not honour more."
+
+To the honour of Kent be it remembered that Lovelace was       CANTIANUS.
+
+    [We are also indebted for Replies to E. L. HOLT WHITE, GEO. E. FRERE,
+    E. C. H., J. K. R. W., H. J. RAINES, M.D., F. J. SCOTT, W. J. B. SMITH,
+    E. S. T. T., C. B. E., F. E. E., &c. "Lovelace (says Wood) made his
+    amours to a gentlewoman of great beauty and fortune, named Lucy
+    Sacheverel, whom he usually called Lux casta; but she, upon a strong
+    report that he was dead of his wound received at Dunkirk (where he had
+    brought a regiment for the service of the French king), soon after
+    married."--Wood's _Athenae Oxonienses_, vol. iii. p. 462.]
+
+_Sir Charles Cotterell_ (Vol. viii., p. 564.).--Sir Charles Cotterell, the
+translator of _Cassandra_, was Master of the Ceremonies to Charles II.;
+which office he resigned to his son in 1686, and died about 1687. I cannot
+say where he was buried. I am in possession of a copy of--
+
+    "The Memorialls of Margaret de Valoys, first Wife to Henry the Fourth,
+    King of France and Navarre; compiled in French by her own most delicate
+    and Royal hand, and translated into English by Robert Codrington,
+    Master of Arts: London, printed by R. H. 1661."
+
+It is dedicated to "To the true lover of all good learning, the truly
+honourable Sir Charles Cotterell, Knight, Master of the Ceremonies," &c. On
+the fly-leaf of it is written, "Frances Cottrell, her booke, given by my
+honor'd grandfather Sir Cha. Cottrell." This edition is not mentioned by
+Lowndes; he only speaks of one of the date of 1662, with a title slightly
+different.
+
+C--S. T. P.
+
+_Muffins and Crumpets_ (Vol. ix., p. 77).--Crumpet, according to Todd's
+_Johnson_, is derived from A.-S. [Anglo-Saxon: crompeht], which Boswell
+explains, "full of crumples, wrinkled." Perhaps muffin is derived from, or
+connected with, the following:
+
+    "MOFFLET. _Moffletus._ Mofletus Panis delicatioris species, qui diatim
+    distribui solet Canonicis praebendariis; Tolosatibus _Pain Moufflet_,
+    quasi _Pain molet_ dictus; forte quod ejusmodi panes singulis diebus
+    coquantur, atque recentes et teneri distribuantur."--_Du Cange._
+
+The latter part of the description is very applicable to this article.
+
+Under _Panes Praebendarii_, Du Cange says, "Innoc. Cironus observat
+ejusmodi panes Praebendarios dici, et in Tolosano tractu _Moufflets_
+appellari." (See "N. & Q," Vol. i., pp. 173. 205. 253.)
+
+ZEUS.
+
+Todd, for the derivation of crumpet, gives the Saxon [Anglo-Saxon:
+crompeht]. To _crump_ is to eat a hard cake (Halliwell's _Archaisms_).
+Perhaps its usual accompaniment on the tea-table may be indebted for its
+name to its muff-like softness to the touch before toasting.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+"_Clunk_" (Vol. viii., p. 65.).--The Scotch, and English, _clunk_ must have
+different meanings: for Jamieson defines the verb _to clunk_ "to emit a
+hollow and interrupted sound, as that proceeding from any liquid confined
+in a cask, when shaken, if the cask be not full;" and _to guggle_, as a
+"straight-necked bottle, when it is emptying;" and yet I am inclined to
+believe that the word also signifies _to swallow_, as in England. In the
+humorous ballad of "Rise up and bar the door," _clunk_ seems to be used in
+the sense of to swallow:
+
+  "And first they eat the while puddins, and then they eat the black;
+  The gudeman said within himsel, the Deil _clunk_ ower ai that."
+
+That is, may you swallow the devil with the black puddings, they perhaps
+being the best to the good man's taste. True, I have seen the word printed
+"clink," instead of _clunk_ in this song; but erroneously I think, as there
+is no signification of _clink_ in Jamieson that could be appropriately used
+by the man who saw his favourite puddings devoured before his face. To
+_clink_, means to "beat smartly", to "rivet the point of a nail," to
+"propagate scandal, or any rumour quickly;" none of which significations
+could be substituted for _clunk_ in the ballad.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Picts' Houses_ (Vol. viii., p. 392.).--Such buildings underground as those
+described as Picts' {209} houses, were not uncommon on the borders of the
+Tweed. A number of them, apparently constructed as described, were
+discovered in a field on the farm of Whitsome Hill, Berwickshire, about
+forty years ago. They were supposed to have been made for the detention of
+prisoners taken in the frays during the Border feuds: and afterwards they
+were employed to conceal spirits, smuggled either across the Border, or
+from abroad.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Tailless Cats_ (Vol. ix., p. 10.).--The tailless cats are still procurable
+in the Isle of Man, though many an unfortunate pussey with the tail cut off
+is palmed off as genuine on the unwary. The real tailless breed are rather
+longer in the hind legs than the ordinary cat, and grow to a large size.
+
+P. P.
+
+Though not a Manx man by birth, I can assure your correspondent SHIRLEY
+HIBBERD, that there is not only a species of tailless cats in the Isle of
+Man, but also of tailless barn-door fowls. I believe the latter are also to
+be found in Malta.
+
+E. P. PALING.
+
+Chorley.
+
+"_Cock-and-bull story_" (Vol. v., pp. 414. 447.).--DR. MAITLAND, in his
+somewhat sarcastic remarks respecting "cock-and-bull stories," extracted
+from Mr. Faber's work, has, no doubt, given a true account of the "cock on
+the church steeple, as being symbolical of a doctor or teacher." Still I
+cannot see that this at all explains the expression of a "cock-and-bull
+story." Will DR. MAITLAND be so good as to enlighten me on this point?
+
+I. R. R.
+
+_Market Crosses_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--Does not the marriage at the market
+cross allude simply to the civil marriages in the time of the Commonwealth,
+not alluding to any religious edifice at all? An inspection of many parish
+registers of that period will, I think, prove this.
+
+I. R. R.
+
+"_Largesse_" (Vol. v., p. 557.).--The word _largesse_ is not peculiar to
+Northamptonshire: I well remember it used in Essex at harvest-time, being
+shouted out at such time through the village to ask for a gift, as I always
+understood. A. B. may be referred to _Marmion_, Canto I. note 10.
+
+I. R. R.
+
+_Awkward, Awart, Awalt_ (Vol. viii., p. 310.).--When fat sheep roll over
+upon their backs, and cannot get up of themselves, they are said to be
+lying _awkward_, in some places _awalt_, and in others _awart_. Is
+_awkward_, in this sense, the same word that treated by H. C. K.?
+
+S.
+
+_Morgan Odoherty_ (Vol. viii., p. 11.).--In reference to the remarks of MR.
+J. S. WARDEN on the Morgan Odoherty of Blackwood's _Magazine_, I had
+imagined it was very generally known by literary men that that _nom de
+guerre_ was assumed by the late Captain Hamilton, author of the _Annals of
+the Peninsular Campaigns_, and other works; and brother of Sir William
+Hamilton, Professor of Logic in the University of Edinburgh. I had never
+heard, until mentioned by MR. WARDEN, that Dr. Maginn was ever identified
+with that name.
+
+S.
+
+_Black Rat_ (Vol. vii., p. 206.).--In reply to the question of MR. SHIRLEY
+HIBBERD, whether the original rat of this country is still in existence, I
+may mention, that in the agricultural districts of Forfarshire, the Black
+Rat (_Mus rattus_) was in existence a few years ago. On pulling down the
+remains of an old farm-steading in 1823, after the building of a new one,
+they were there so numerous, that a greyhound I had destroyed no fewer than
+seventy-seven of them in the course of a couple of hours. Having used
+precautions against their lodgment in the new steading, under the floors,
+and on the tops of the party walls, they were effectually banished from the
+farm.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Blue Bells of Scotland_ (Vol. viii., p. 388.).--Your correspondent [Old
+English W]. of Philadelphia is in error in supposing that the beautiful
+song, "Blue Bells of Scotland," was any reference to bells painted blue.
+That charming melody refers to a very common pretty flower in Scotland, the
+_Campanula latifolia_ of Linnaeus, the flowers of which are drooping and
+bell-shaped, and of a blue colour.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Grammars, &c. for Public Schools_ (Vol. ix., p. 8., &c.).--Pray add to the
+list a Latin grammar, under the title of _The Common Accidence Improved_,
+by the Rev. Edward Owen, Rector of Warrington, and for fifty years Master
+of the Grammar School founded in that town, under the will of Sir Thomas
+Boteler, on April 27, 1526. I believe it was first published in 1770, but
+the copy now before me is of an edition printed in 1800; and the Preface
+contains a promise (I know not whether afterwards fulfilled) of the early
+publication of the rules, versified on the plan of Busbey and Ruddiman,
+under the title of _Elementa Latina Metrica_.
+
+J. F. M.
+
+_Warville_ (Vol. viii., p. 516.).--As regards the letter _W_, there is a
+distinction to be made between proper names and other words in the French
+language. The exclusion of that letter from the alphabet is sufficient
+proof that there are no words of French origin that begin with it; but the
+proper names in which it figures are common enough in recent times. Of
+these, the greater number have been imported from the neighbouring
+countries of Germany, Switzerland, and {210} Belgium: and some too are of
+local origin or formation.
+
+In the latter category is the name of _Warville_, which is derived from
+Ouarville, near Chartres, where Brissot was born in 1754. Between the
+French _ouar_ and our "war," there is a close similarity of sound; and in
+the spirit of innovation, which characterised the age of Brissot, the
+transition was a matter of easy accomplishment. Hence the _nom de guerre_
+of Warville, by which he was known to his cotemporaries.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+_The Camden Society_ has just issued a volume of domestic letters, which
+contain much curious illustration of the stirring times to which they
+refer. The volume is entitled _Letters of the Lady Brilliana Harley, wife
+of Sir Robert Harley, of Brampton Bryan, Knight of the Bath, with
+Introduction and Notes_, by the Rev. T. T. Lewis. The writer, Lady
+Brilliana, was a daughter of Sir Edward Conway, afterwards Baron Conway,
+and is supposed to have been born whilst her father was Lieut.-Governor of
+the "Brill." The earlier letters (1625-1633) are addressed to her husband,
+the remainder (1638-1643) to her son Edward, during his residence at
+Oxford. The appendix contains several documents of considerable historical
+interest.
+
+_Elements of Jurisprudence_, by C. J. Foster, M.A., Professor of
+Jurisprudence at University College, London, is an able and well-written
+endeavour to settle the principles upon which law is to be founded.
+Believing that law is capable of scientific reduction, Professor Foster has
+in this little work attempted, and with great ability, to show the
+principles upon which he thinks it must be so reduced.
+
+Mr. Croker has reprinted from _The Times_ his correspondence with Lord John
+Russell on some passages of Moore's _Diary_. In the postscript which he has
+added, explanatory of Mr. Moore's acquaintance and correspondence with him,
+Mr. Croker convicts Moore, by passages from his own letters, of writing
+very fulsomely _to_ Mr. Croker, at the same time that he was writing very
+sneeringly _of_ him.
+
+A three days' sale of very fine books, from the library of a collector, was
+concluded on Wednesday the 22nd ult. by Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson, at
+their house in Wellington Street. The following prices of some of the more
+rare and curious lots exhibit a high state of bibliographical prosperity,
+notwithstanding the gloomy aspect of these critical times:--Lot 23,
+Biographie Universelle, fine paper, 52 vols., 29l.; lot 82, Donne's Poems,
+a fine large copy, 7l. 10s.; lot 90, Drummond of Hawthornden's Poems, 6l.;
+lot 137, Book of Christian Prayers, known as Queen Elizabeth's Prayer Book,
+10l.; lot 53, a fine copy of Coryat's Crudities, 10l. 15s.; lot 184,
+Breydenbach, Sanctarum Peregrinationum in Montem Syon, first edition, 15l.
+15s.; lot 190, the Book of Fayttes of Armes and Chyvalry, by Caxton, with
+two leaves in fac-simile, 77l.; lot 192, Chaucer's Works, the edition of
+1542, 10l. 5s.; lot 200, Dugdale's Warwickshire, 13l. 10s.; lot 293, a
+gorgeous Oriental Manuscript from the Palace of Tippoo Saib, enriched with
+157 large paintings, full of subject, 112l.; lot 240, Horae Virginis
+Mariae, a charming Flemish Manuscript, with 12 exquisite illuminations of a
+high class, 100l.; lot 229, Milton's Minor Poems, first edition, 6l. 6s.;
+lot 315, Navarre Nouvelles, fine paper, 5l. 5s.; lot 326, Fenton's Certaine
+Tragicall Discourses, first edition, 11l.; lot 330, Gascoigne's
+Pleasauntest Workes, fine copy, 14l.; lot 344, Horae Virginis Mariae,
+beautifully printed upon vellum, by Kerver, 26l.; lot 347, Latimer's
+Sermons, Daye, 1571, 14l.; lot 364, Milton's Comus, first edition, 10l.
+10s.; lot 365, Milton's Paradise Lost, first edition, 12l. 17s. 6d.; lot
+376, The Shah Nameh, a fine Persian manuscript, 10l. 12s. 6d.; lot 379,
+Froissart Chroniques, first edition, 22l. 15s.; lot 381, a fine copy of
+Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, five vols., 69l.; lot 390, the original
+edition of Holinshed's Chronicles, 16l. 10s.; lot 401, Lancelot du Lac,
+Chevalier de la Table Ronde, Petit, 1533, 16l.; lot 406, the original
+edition of Laud's Book of Common Prayer, 12l. 15s.; lot 412, Meliadus de
+Leonnoys, a romance of the round table, 11l.; lot 417, a superb copy of
+Montfaucon's Works, with the La Monarchie Francaise, 50l.; lot 418, Works
+of Sir Thomas More, with the rare leaf, 14l. 5s.; lot 563, Shakspeare's
+Life of Sir John Oldcastle, 11l.; lot 564, A Midsomer Night's Dream (1600),
+18l. 5s.; lot 611, Shakspeare's Comedies, fine copy of the second edition,
+28l.; lot 599, the celebrated Letter of Cardinal Pole, printed on large
+paper, of which two copies only are known, 64l.; lot 601, Purchas, his
+Pilgrimes, five vols., a fine copy, with the rare frontispiece, 65l. 10s.
+The 634 lots produced 2,616l. 4s. 6d.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Dante translated into English Verse_, by J. C. Wright,
+M.A., with Thirty-four Engravings on Steel, after Flaxman. This new volume
+of Bohn's _Illustrated Library_ is one of those marvels of cheapness with
+which Mr. Bohn ever and anon surprises us.--_Curiosities of Bristol and its
+Neighborhood_, Nos. I.-V., is a sort of local "N. & Q," calculated to
+interest not Bristolians only.--_Poetical Works of John Dryden_, edited by
+Robert Bell, Vol. II., forms the new volume of the _Annotated Edition of
+the English Poets.--The Carafas of Maddaloni: Naples under Spanish
+Dominion_, the new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_, is a translation
+from a German work of considerable research by Alfred Reumont.
+
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+
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+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+SCHILLER'S POEMS, translated by Merivale.
+
+S. N. COLERIDGE'S BIOGRAPHIA LITERARIA.
+
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+
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+
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+CAMBRIDGE INSTALLATION ODE, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth. 4to. Edition.
+
+KITCHENER'S ECONOMY OF THE EYES. Part II.
+
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+
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+
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+
+F. T. _The characteristic description of_ The Weekly Pacquet, _by the
+author of the continuation of Sir James Mackintosh's_ History of England,
+_seems perfectly just. We had marked for quotation, as a sample of its
+virulent tone, "The Ceremony and Manner of Baptizing Antichrist," in No.
+6., p. 47.; but we found its ribaldry would occupy too much of our valuable
+space, and after all would perhaps not elicit one Protestant clap of
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+
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+hinted to us that many of our subscribers would wish to retain those pages.
+We may probably dispense them in our next Volume._
+
+FOREIGNER. _The Canon inquired after will be found to be the 18th of the
+"Constitutions and Canons Ecclesiastical, A.D. 1603." Its partial
+observance complained of by our Correspondent has been of late years
+frequently discussed in the various Church periodicals and newspapers,
+especially in the_ British Magazine, vols. xviii., xix., _and_ xx. _See
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+
+PRIMERS OF THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH.--_With reference to the article under
+this heading in last week's Number, we have been reminded that the_
+Liturgies and Private Prayers _put forth by authority during the reign of
+Elizabeth, which were reprinted by the_ Parker Society, _have been sold by
+that Society to Mr. Brown, of Old Street, and may be purchased of him at a
+very moderate price. The introductions contain much valuable information._
+
+COMUS. _We cannot learn that there is an edition of_ Locke on the
+Understanding _epitomised published at Oxford. There is one in the_ London
+Catalogue, _published some years ago by Whittaker and Co., price 4s. 6d.,
+which may perhaps still be had._
+
+A BORDERER. _Our Correspondent_ MR. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY _wishes to address
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+
+FRANCIS BEAUFORT. Biblia Sacra Latina, _two volumes in one, printed by R.
+Rodt and B. Richel circa 1471, folio, was bought by Thorpe for 4l. 4s. at
+the sale of the Duke of Sussex's library._
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS _asks "Whence the term 'Mare's nest,' and when first
+used?"_
+
+HUGH HENDERSON (Glasgow). _It is not needful to use any iodide of silver in
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+THE POETRY OF THE ANTI-JACOBIN; comprising the celebrated Political and
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+HON. G. CANNING, EARL OF CARLISLE, MARQUIS WELLESLEY, RT. HON. J. H. FRERE,
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+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton: certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenised paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
+
+KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of
+the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
+Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
+pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
+Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
+
+An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte
+Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
+Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS,
+Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street;
+and at the Manufactory as above, where every description of Cameras,
+Slides, and Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerrotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists. 289. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post, 1s. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.
+F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G.F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.
+Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT AND LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Prices, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of
+
+PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other traveller requisites, Gratis on
+application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+In Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Level, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 4,
+1854.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 227, March
+4, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, MARCH 4, 1854 ***
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