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+Project Gutenberg's Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, April 1906, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, April 1906
+       Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Emma Goldman
+
+Release Date: November 1, 2008 [EBook #27118]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MOTHER EARTH, APRIL 1906 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Fritz Ohrenschall, Martin Pettit and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
++-------------------------------------------------+
+|Transcriber's note:                              |
+|                                                 |
+|Obvious typographical errors have been corrected |
++-------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+MOTHER EARTH
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+P. O. Box 217            EMMA GOLDMAN, Publisher            10c. a Copy
+Madison Sq. Station, N. Y.  Office: 210 EAST 13th STREET, NEW YORK CITY
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+PAGE
+
+"To the Generation Knocking at the Door" JOHN DAVIDSON      1
+
+Observations and Comments                                   2
+
+The Child and Its Enemies EMMA GOLDMAN                      7
+
+Hope and Fear L. I. PERETZ                                 14
+
+John Most M. B.                                            17
+
+Civilization in Africa                                     21
+
+Our Purpose MARY HANSEN                                    22
+
+Marriage and the Home JOHN R. CORYELL                      23
+
+The Modern Newspaper                                       31
+
+A Visit to Sing Sing                                       32
+
+The Old and the New Drama MAX BAGINSKI                     36
+
+A Sentimental Journey.--Police Protection                  43
+
+The Moral Demand OTTO ERICH HARTLEBEN                      46
+
+Advertisements                                             62
+
+
+
+
+10c. A COPY    $1 A YEAR
+
+
+MOTHER EARTH
+
+
+Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature
+           Published Every 15th of the Month
+
+EMMA GOLDMAN, Publisher, P. O. Box 217, Madison Square Station,
+                     New York, N. Y.
+
+Vol. I                 APRIL, 1906                        No. 2
+
+
+
+
+"TO THE GENERATION KNOCKING AT THE DOOR."
+
+By JOHN DAVIDSON.
+
+
+     _Break--break it open; let the knocker rust;
+     Consider no "shalt not," nor no man's "must";
+     And, being entered, promptly take the lead,
+     Setting aside tradition, custom, creed;
+     Nor watch the balance of the huckster's beam;
+     Declare your hardiest thought, your proudest dream;
+     Await no summons; laugh at all rebuff;
+     High hearts and you are destiny enough.
+     The mystery and the power enshrined in you
+     Are old as time and as the moment new;
+     And none but you can tell what part you play,
+     Nor can you tell until you make assay,
+     For this alone, this always, will succeed,
+     The miracle and magic of the deed._
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+OBSERVATIONS AND COMMENTS.
+
+Whoever severs himself from Mother Earth and her flowing sources of life
+goes into exile. A vast part of civilization has ceased to feel the deep
+relation with our mother. How they hasten and fall over one another, the
+many thousands of the great cities; how they swallow their food,
+everlastingly counting the minutes with cold hard faces; how they dwell
+packed together, close to one another, above and beneath, in dark gloomy
+stuffed holes, with dull hearts and insensitive heads, from the lack of
+space and air! Economic necessity causes such hateful pressure. Economic
+necessity? Why not economic stupidity? This seems a more appropriate
+name for it. Were it not for lack of understanding and knowledge, the
+necessity of escaping from the agony of an endless search for profit
+would make itself felt more keenly.
+
+Must the Earth forever be arranged like an ocean steamer, with large,
+luxurious rooms and luxurious food for a select few, and underneath in
+the steerage, where the great mass can barely breathe from dirt and the
+poisonous air? Neither unconquerable external nor internal necessity
+forces the human race to such life; that which keeps it in such
+condition are ignorance and indifference.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Since Turgenieff wrote his "Fathers and Sons" and the "New Generation,"
+the appearance of the Revolutionary army in Russia has changed features.
+At that time only the intellectuals and college youths, a small coterie
+of idealists, who knew no distinction between class and caste, took part
+in the tremendous work of reconstruction. The revolutionist of those
+days had delicate white hands, lots of learning, æstheticism and a good
+portion of nervousness. He attempted to go among the people, but the
+people understood him not, for he did not speak the people's tongue. It
+was a great effort for most of those brave ones to overcome their
+disgust at the dirt and dense ignorance they met among the peasants, who
+absolutely lacked comprehension of new ideas; therefore, there could be
+no understanding between the intellectuals, who wanted to help, and the
+sufferers, who needed help. These two elements were brought in closer
+touch through industrialism. The Russian peasant, robbed of the means to
+remain on his soil, was driven into the large industrial centres, and
+there he learned to know those brave and heroic men and women who gave
+up their comfort and career in their efforts for the liberation of their
+people.
+
+These ideas that have undergone such great changes in Russia within the
+last decade should serve as good material for study for those who claim
+the Russian Revolution is dead.
+
+Nicholas Tchaykovsky, one of Russia's foremost workers in the
+revolutionary movement, and one who, through beauty of character,
+simplicity of soul and great strategical ability, has been the idol of
+the Russian revolutionary youth for many years, is here as the delegate
+of the Russian Revolutionary Socialist party, to raise funds for a new
+uprising. He was right when he said, at the meeting in Grand Central
+Palace, "The Russian Revolution will live until the decayed and cowardly
+regime of tyranny in Russia is rooted out of existence."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The French have a new President. Loubet was succeeded by Fallières. The
+father of the new one was a great gormandizer of Pantagruelian
+dimensions. He died of overloading his stomach. The son made his career
+like a cautious upstart. He is well enough acquainted with himself to
+know that he is not a Machiavelli. Therefore, he does not boast of his
+sagacity, but rather of his integrity. A politician is irresistible to a
+crowd when he cries out to them: "My opponents express the suspicion
+that I am a numskull. I do not care to argue the point with them, but
+this I will say by the way of explanation, fellow citizens, that I am a
+thoroughly honest man to the very roots of my hair." By this method one
+can attain the presidency of a republic.
+
+As Secretary of the Interior, Fallières caused the arrest of the
+Socialist poet, Clovis Hugues. At another time he declared: "As long as
+I am in office, I will not tolerate the red flag on the open street."
+
+The French bourgeois have found in Fallières their fitting man of straw
+for seven years.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The only genuine Democrat of these times is Death. He does not admit of
+any class distinctions. He mows down a proletarian and a Marshall Field
+with the same scythe. How imperfectly the world is arranged. It should
+be possible to shift the bearing of children and the dying from the rich
+to the poor--for good pay, of course.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Whosoever believes that the law is infallible and can bring about order
+in the chaotic social conditions, knows the curative effect of law to
+the minutest detail. The question how things might be improved is met
+with this reply: "All criminals should be caught in a net like fish and
+put away for safe keeping, so that society remains in the care of the
+righteous." Hallelujah!
+
+People with a capacity to judge for themselves think differently. Mr.
+Charlton T. Lewis, President of the National Prison Association,
+maintains:
+
+"Our county jails everywhere are the schools and colleges of crime. In
+the light of social science it were better for the world if every one of
+them were destroyed than that this work should be continued. Experience
+shows that the system of imprisonment of minor offenders for short terms
+is but a gigantic measure for the manufacture of criminals. Freedom, not
+confinement, is the natural state of man, and the only condition under
+which influences for reformation can have their full efficiency....
+Prison life is unnatural at best. Man is a social creature. Confinement
+tends to lower his consciousness of dignity and responsibility, to
+weaken the motives which govern his relations to his race, to impair the
+foundations of character and unfit him for independent life. To consign
+a man to prison is commonly to enrol him in the criminal class.... With
+all the solemnity and emphasis of which I am capable, I utter the
+profound conviction, after twenty years of constant study of our prison
+population, that more than nine-tenths of them ought never to have been
+confined."
+
+Government and authority are responsible for the conditions in the
+western mining districts.
+
+Is not the existence of government considered as a necessity on the
+grounds that it is here to maintain peace, law and order? This is an
+oft-repeated song.
+
+Let us see how the government of Colorado has lived up to its calling
+within the last few years. It has permitted that the labor protective
+laws that have passed the legislature should be broken and trampled upon
+by the mine owners.
+
+The money powers care little for the eight-hour law, and when the mine
+workers insisted upon keeping that law, the authorities of Colorado
+immediately went to the rescue of the exploiters. Not only were police
+and soldiers let loose upon the Western Federation of Miners; but the
+government of Colorado permitted the mine owners to recruit an army to
+fight the labor organizations. Hirelings were formed into a so-called
+citizens' committee, that inaugurated a reign of terror. These legal
+lawbreakers invaded peaceful homes during the day and night, and those
+that were in the least suspected of belonging to or sympathizing with
+the Western Federation of Miners were torn out of bed, arrested and
+dragged off to the bull pen, or transported into the desert, without
+food or shelter, many miles from other living beings. Some of these
+victims were crippled for life and died as a result thereof.
+
+When it became known that the W. F. M. continued to stand erect,
+regardless of brutal attacks, it was decided to strike the last violent
+blow against it.
+
+Orchard, the man of honor, confessed, and the lawbreakers appealed to
+the law against Haywood, Moyer and Pettibone.
+
+This time the government did not hesitate. The eight-hour and protective
+labor law was too insignificant to enforce, but to bring the officers of
+the W. F. M. to account, that, of course, is the duty and the function
+of the State.
+
+There is not the slightest hope that the authorities who, for a number
+of years, have permitted the violation of the law, will be put on
+trial, but the crime they have perpetrated is a weighty argument in
+favor of those who maintain that the State is not an independent
+institution, but a tool of the possessing class.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Many radicals entertain the queer notion that they cannot arrange their
+own lives, according to their own ideas, but that they have to adapt
+themselves to the conditions they hate, and which they fight in theory
+with fire and sword.
+
+Anything rather than arouse too much public condemnation! The lives they
+lead are dependent upon the opinion of the Philistines. They are
+revolutionists in theory, reactionists in practice.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The words of Louis XIV, "I am the State," have been taken up as a motto
+by the American policeman. One of the New York papers contains the
+following account:
+
+"In discharging some seventy prisoners in the Jefferson Market Police
+Court yesterday morning, the Magistrate said to the police in charge of
+the cases: 'I am amazed that you men should bring these prisoners before
+me without a shred of evidence on which they can be held.'"
+
+Such is the blessing of this republic. We are not confronted by one czar
+of the size of an elephant, but by a hundred thousand czars, as small as
+mosquitoes, but equally disagreeable and annoying.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Friends of MOTHER EARTH in various Western cities have proposed a
+lecture tour in behalf of the magazine. So far I have heard from
+Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis and Chicago. Those of other cities who
+wish to have me lecture there, will please communicate with me as to
+dates at once. The tour is to begin May 12th and last for a month or six
+weeks.
+
+                                                   EMMA GOLDMAN,
+                                      Box 217, Madison Square Station.
+
+
+
+
+THE CHILD AND ITS ENEMIES.
+
+By EMMA GOLDMAN.
+
+
+Is the child to be considered as an individuality, or as an object to be
+moulded according to the whims and fancies of those about it? This seems
+to me to be the most important question to be answered by parents and
+educators. And whether the child is to grow from within, whether all
+that craves expression will be permitted to come forth toward the light
+of day; or whether it is to be kneaded like dough through external
+forces, depends upon the proper answer to this vital question.
+
+The longing of the best and noblest of our times makes for the strongest
+individualities. Every sensitive being abhors the idea of being treated
+as a mere machine or as a mere parrot of conventionality and
+respectability, the human being craves recognition of his kind.
+
+It must be borne in mind that it is through the channel of the child
+that the development of the mature man must go, and that the present
+ideas of the educating or training of the latter in the school and the
+family--even the family of the liberal or radical--are such as to stifle
+the natural growth of the child.
+
+Every institution of our day, the family, the State, our moral codes,
+sees in every strong, beautiful, uncompromising personality a deadly
+enemy; therefore every effort is being made to cramp human emotion and
+originality of thought in the individual into a straight-jacket from its
+earliest infancy; or to shape every human being according to one
+pattern; not into a well-rounded individuality, but into a patient work
+slave, professional automaton, tax-paying citizen, or righteous
+moralist. If one, nevertheless, meets with real spontaneity (which, by
+the way, is a rare treat,) it is not due to our method of rearing or
+educating the child: the personality often asserts itself, regardless of
+official and family barriers. Such a discovery should be celebrated as
+an unusual event, since the obstacles placed in the way of growth and
+development of character are so numerous that it must be considered a
+miracle if it retains its strength and beauty and survives the various
+attempts at crippling that which is most essential to it.
+
+Indeed, he who has freed himself from the fetters of the
+thoughtlessness and stupidity of the commonplace; he who can stand
+without moral crutches, without the approval of public opinion--private
+laziness, Friedrich Nietzsche called it--may well intone a high and
+voluminous song of independence and freedom; he has gained the right to
+it through fierce and fiery battles. These battles already begin at the
+most delicate age.
+
+The child shows its individual tendencies in its plays, in its
+questions, in its association with people and things. But it has to
+struggle with everlasting external interference in its world of thought
+and emotion. It must not express itself in harmony with its nature, with
+its growing personality. It must become a thing, an object. Its
+questions are met with narrow, conventional, ridiculous replies, mostly
+based on falsehoods; and, when, with large, wondering, innocent eyes, it
+wishes to behold the wonders of the world, those about it quickly lock
+the windows and doors, and keep the delicate human plant in a hothouse
+atmosphere, where it can neither breathe nor grow freely.
+
+Zola, in his novel "Fecundity," maintains that large sections of people
+have declared death to the child, have conspired against the birth of
+the child,--a very horrible picture indeed, yet the conspiracy entered
+into by civilization against the growth and making of character seems to
+me far more terrible and disastrous, because of the slow and gradual
+destruction of its latent qualities and traits and the stupefying and
+crippling effect thereof upon its social well-being.
+
+Since every effort in our educational life seems to be directed toward
+making of the child a being foreign to itself, it must of necessity
+produce individuals foreign to one another, and in everlasting
+antagonism with each other.
+
+The ideal of the average pedagogist is not a complete, well-rounded,
+original being; rather does he seek that the result of his art of
+pedagogy shall be automatons of flesh and blood, to best fit into the
+treadmill of society and the emptiness and dulness of our lives. Every
+home, school, college and university stands for dry, cold
+utilitarianism, overflooding the brain of the pupil with a tremendous
+amount of ideas, handed down from generations past. "Facts and data,"
+as they are called, constitute a lot of information, well enough perhaps
+to maintain every form of authority and to create much awe for the
+importance of possession, but only a great handicap to a true
+understanding of the human soul and its place in the world.
+
+Truths dead and forgotten long ago, conceptions of the world and its
+people, covered with mould, even during the times of our grandmothers,
+are being hammered into the heads of our young generation. Eternal
+change, thousandfold variations, continual innovation are the essence of
+life. Professional pedagogy knows nothing of it, the systems of
+education are being arranged into files, classified and numbered. They
+lack the strong fertile seed which, falling on rich soil, enables them
+to grow to great heights, they are worn and incapable of awakening
+spontaneity of character. Instructors and teachers, with dead souls,
+operate with dead values. Quantity is forced to take the place of
+quality. The consequences thereof are inevitable.
+
+In whatever direction one turns, eagerly searching for human beings who
+do not measure ideas and emotions with the yardstick of expediency, one
+is confronted with the products, the herdlike drilling instead of the
+result of spontaneous and innate characteristics working themselves out
+in freedom.
+
+
+     "No traces now I see
+     Whatever of a spirit's agency.
+     'Tis drilling, nothing more."
+
+
+These words of Faust fit our methods of pedagogy perfectly. Take, for
+instance, the way history is being taught in our schools. See how the
+events of the world become like a cheap puppet show, where a few
+wire-pullers are supposed to have directed the course of development of
+the entire human race.
+
+And the history of _our own_ nation! Was it not chosen by Providence to
+become the leading nation on earth? And does it not tower mountain high
+over other nations? Is it not the gem of the ocean? Is it not
+incomparably virtuous, ideal and brave? The result of such ridiculous
+teaching is a dull, shallow patriotism, blind to its own limitations,
+with bull-like stubbornness, utterly incapable of judging of the
+capacities of other nations. This is the way the spirit of youth is
+emasculated, deadened through an over-estimation of one's own value. No
+wonder public opinion can be so easily manufactured.
+
+"Predigested food" should be inscribed over every hall of learning as a
+warning to all who do not wish to lose their own personalities and their
+original sense of judgment, who, instead, would be content with a large
+amount of empty and shallow shells. This may suffice as a recognition of
+the manifold hindrances placed in the way of an independent mental
+development of the child.
+
+Equally numerous, and not less important, are the difficulties that
+confront the emotional life of the young. Must not one suppose that
+parents should be united to children by the most tender and delicate
+chords? One should suppose it; yet, sad as it may be, it is,
+nevertheless, true, that parents are the first to destroy the inner
+riches of their children.
+
+The Scriptures tell us that God created Man in His own image, which has
+by no means proven a success. Parents follow the bad example of their
+heavenly master; they use every effort to shape and mould the child
+according to their image. They tenaciously cling to the idea that the
+child is merely part of themselves--an idea as false as it is injurious,
+and which only increases the misunderstanding of the soul of the child,
+of the necessary consequences of enslavement and subordination thereof.
+
+As soon as the first rays of consciousness illuminate the mind and heart
+of the child, it instinctively begins to compare its own personality
+with the personality of those about it. How many hard and cold stone
+cliffs meet its large wondering gaze? Soon enough it is confronted with
+the painful reality that it is here only to serve as inanimate matter
+for parents and guardians, whose authority alone gives it shape and
+form.
+
+The terrible struggle of the thinking man and woman against political,
+social and moral conventions owes its origin to the family, where the
+child is ever compelled to battle against the internal and external use
+of force. The categorical imperatives: You shall! you must! this is
+right! that is wrong! this is true! that is false! shower like a violent
+rain upon the unsophisticated head of the young being and impress upon
+its sensibilities that it has to bow before the long established and
+hard notions of thoughts and emotions. Yet the latent qualities and
+instincts seek to assert their own peculiar methods of seeking the
+foundation of things, of distinguishing between what is commonly called
+wrong, true or false. It is bent upon going its own way, since it is
+composed of the same nerves, muscles and blood, even as those who assume
+to direct its destiny. I fail to understand how parents hope that their
+children will ever grow up into independent, self-reliant spirits, when
+they strain every effort to abridge and curtail the various activities
+of their children, the plus in quality and character, which
+differentiates their offspring from themselves, and by the virtue of
+which they are eminently equipped carriers of new, invigorating ideas. A
+young delicate tree, that is being clipped and cut by the gardener in
+order to give it an artificial form, will never reach the majestic
+height and the beauty as when allowed to grow in nature and freedom.
+
+When the child reaches adolescence, it meets, added to the home and
+school restrictions, with a vast amount of hard traditions of social
+morality. The cravings of love and sex are met with absolute ignorance
+by the majority of parents, who consider it as something indecent and
+improper, something disgraceful, almost criminal, to be suppressed and
+fought like some terrible disease. The love and tender feelings in the
+young plant are turned into vulgarity and coarseness through the
+stupidity of those surrounding it, so that everything fine and beautiful
+is either crushed altogether or hidden in the innermost depths, as a
+great sin, that dares not face the light.
+
+What is more astonishing is the fact that parents will strip themselves
+of everything, will sacrifice everything for the physical well-being of
+their child, will wake nights and stand in fear and agony before some
+physical ailment of their beloved one; but will remain cold and
+indifferent, without the slightest understanding before the soul
+cravings and the yearnings of their child, neither hearing nor wishing
+to hear the loud knocking of the young spirit that demands recognition.
+On the contrary, they will stifle the beautiful voice of spring, of a
+new life of beauty and splendor of love; they will put the long lean
+finger of authority upon the tender throat and not allow vent to the
+silvery song of the individual growth, of the beauty of character, of
+the strength of love and human relation, which alone make life worth
+living.
+
+And yet these parents imagine that they mean best for the child, and for
+aught I know, some really do; but their best means absolute death and
+decay to the bud in the making. After all, they are but imitating their
+own masters in State, commercial, social and moral affairs, by forcibly
+suppressing every independent attempt to analyze the ills of society and
+every sincere effort toward the abolition of these ills; never able to
+grasp the eternal truth that every method they employ serves as the
+greatest impetus to bring forth a greater longing for freedom and a
+deeper zeal to fight for it.
+
+That compulsion is bound to awaken resistance, every parent and teacher
+ought to know. Great surprise is being expressed over the fact that the
+majority of children of radical parents are either altogether opposed to
+the ideas of the latter, many of them moving along the old antiquated
+paths, or that they are indifferent to the new thoughts and teachings of
+social regeneration. And yet there is nothing unusual in that. Radical
+parents, though emancipated from the belief of ownership in the human
+soul, still cling tenaciously to the notion that they own the child, and
+that they have the right to exercise their authority over it. So they
+set out to mould and form the child according to their own conception of
+what is right and wrong, forcing their ideas upon it with the same
+vehemence that the average Catholic parent uses. And, with the latter,
+they hold out the necessity before the young "to do as I tell you and
+not as I do." But the impressionable mind of the child realizes early
+enough that the lives of their parents are in contradiction to the ideas
+they represent; that, like the good Christian who fervently prays on
+Sunday, yet continues to break the Lord's commands the rest of the week,
+the radical parent arraigns God, priesthood, church, government,
+domestic authority, yet continues to adjust himself to the condition he
+abhors. Just so, the Freethought parent can proudly boast that his son
+of four will recognize the picture of Thomas Paine or Ingersoll, or that
+he knows that the idea of God is stupid. Or that the Social Democratic
+father can point to his little girl of six and say, "Who wrote the
+Capital, dearie?" "Karl Marx, pa!" Or that the Anarchistic mother can
+make it known that her daughter's name is Louise Michel, Sophia
+Perovskaya, or that she can recite the revolutionary poems of Herwegh,
+Freiligrath, or Shelley, and that she will point out the faces of
+Spencer, Bakunin or Moses Harmon almost anywhere.
+
+These are by no means exaggerations; they are sad facts that I have met
+with in my experience with radical parents. What are the results of such
+methods of biasing the mind? The following is the consequence, and not
+very infrequent, either. The child, being fed on one-sided, set and
+fixed ideas, soon grows weary of re-hashing the beliefs of its parents,
+and it sets out in quest of new sensations, no matter how inferior and
+shallow the new experience may be, the human mind cannot endure sameness
+and monotony. So it happens that that boy or girl, over-fed on Thomas
+Paine, will land in the arms of the Church, or they will vote for
+imperialism only to escape the drag of economic determinism and
+scientific socialism, or that they open a shirt-waist factory and cling
+to their right of accumulating property, only to find relief from the
+old-fashioned communism of their father. Or that the girl will marry the
+next best man, provided he can make a living, only to run away from the
+everlasting talk on variety.
+
+Such a condition of affairs may be very painful to the parents who wish
+their children to follow in their path, yet I look upon them as very
+refreshing and encouraging psychological forces. They are the greatest
+guarantee that the independent mind, at least, will always resist every
+external and foreign force exercised over the human heart and head.
+
+Some will ask, what about weak natures, must they not be protected? Yes,
+but to be able to do that, it will be necessary to realize that
+education of children is not synonymous with herdlike drilling and
+training. If education should really mean anything at all, it must
+insist upon the free growth and development of the innate forces and
+tendencies of the child. In this way alone can we hope for the free
+individual and eventually also for a free community, which shall make
+interference and coercion of human growth impossible.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+HOPE AND FEAR.[A]
+
+(Translated from the Jewish of L. I. PERETZ.)
+
+
+...My heart is with you.
+
+My eye does not get weary looking at your flaming banner; my ear does
+not get tired listening to your powerful song....
+
+My heart is with you; man's hunger must be appeased, and he must have
+light; he must be free, and he must be his own master, master over
+himself and his work.
+
+And when you snap at the fist which is trying to strangle you, your
+voice, and your ardent protest, preventing you from being heard--I
+rejoice, praying that your teeth may be sharpened. And when you are
+marching against Sodom and Gomorrah, to tear down the old, my soul is
+with you, and the certainty that you must triumph fills and warms my
+heart and intoxicates me like old wine....
+
+And yet....
+
+And yet you frighten me.
+
+I am afraid of the bridled who conquer, for they are apt to become the
+oppressors, and every oppressor transgresses against the human soul....
+
+Do you not talk among yourselves of how humanity is to march, like an
+army in line, and you are going to sound for it the march on the road?
+
+And yet humanity is not an army.
+
+The strong are going forward, the magnanimous feel more deeply, the
+proud rise higher, and yet will you not lay down the cedar in order that
+it may not outgrow the grass?
+
+Or will you not spread your wings over mediocrity, or will you not
+shield indifference, and protect the gray and uniformly fleeced herd?
+
+       *       *       *
+
+You frighten me.
+
+As conquerors you might become the bureaucracy: to dole out to everybody
+his morsel, as is the usage in the poor-house; to arrange work for
+everybody as it is done in the galleys. And you will thus crush the
+creator of new worlds--the free human will, and fill up with earth the
+purest spring of human happiness--human initiative, the power which
+braves one against thousands, against peoples, and against generations?
+And you will systematize life and bid it to remain on the level of the
+crowd.
+
+And will you not be occupied with regulations: registrating, recording,
+estimating--or will you not prescribe how fast and how often the human
+pulse must beat, how far the human eye may look ahead, how much the ear
+may perceive, and what kinds of dreams the languishing heart may
+entertain?
+
+       *       *       *
+
+With joy in my heart I look at you when you tear down the gates of
+Sodom, but my heart trembles at the same time, fearing that you might
+erect on its ruins new ones--more chilling and darker ones.
+
+There will be no houses without windows; but fog will envelop the
+souls....
+
+There will be no empty stomachs, but souls will starve. No ear will hear
+cries of woe, but the eagle--the human intellect--will stand at the
+trough with clipped wings together with the cow and the ox.
+
+And justice, which has accompanied you on the thorny and bloody path to
+victory, will forsake you, and you will not be aware of it, for
+conquerors and tyrants are always blind. You will conquer and dominate.
+And you will plunge into injustice, and you will not feel the quagmire
+under your feet.... Every tyrant thinks he stands on firm ground so long
+as he has not been vanquished.
+
+And you will build prisons for those who dare to stretch out their
+hands, pointing to the abyss into which you sink; you will tear out the
+tongues of the mouths that warn you against those who come after you, to
+destroy you and your injustice....
+
+Cruelly will you defend the equality of rights of the herd to use the
+grass under its feet and the salt in the ground,--and your enemies will
+be the free individuals, the overmen, the ingenious inventors, the
+prophets, the saviors, the poets and artists.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+Everything that comes to pass occurs in space and time.... The present
+is the existing: the stable, the firm, and therefore the rigid and
+frozen--the to-day, which will and must perish....
+
+Time is change--it varies and develops; it is the eternally sprouting,
+the blossoming, the eternal morning....
+
+And as your "morning," to which you aspire, will become the "to-day,"
+you will become the upholders of the "yesterday," of that which is
+lifeless--dead. You will trample the sproutings of to-morrow and destroy
+its blossoms, and pour streams of cold water upon the heads that nestle
+your prophecies, your dreams, and your new hopes.
+
+The to-day is unwilling to die, bloody is every sunset....
+
+I yearn and hope for your victory, but I fear and tremble for your
+victory.
+
+You are my hope, and you are my fear.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Nietzsche--Zarathustra spake thus: "He who wishes to say something
+should be silent a long while." If the makers of public opinion would
+only carry out this hint for about a lifetime!
+
+[Illustration]
+
+According to the latest researches, it has been brought to light that
+the grim angel who drove Adam and Eve out of Paradise was named
+Comstock.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+As long as there are women who must fear to become mothers on account of
+economic difficulties or moral prejudices, the emancipation of woman is
+only a phrase.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[A] This sketch the writer had addressed to Jewish Social Democrats.
+
+
+
+
+JOHN MOST.
+
+By M. B.
+
+
+John Most suddenly died in Cincinnati, March 17. He was on an agitation
+trip, and when he reached Cincinnati he took sick with erysipelas and
+died within a few days, surrounded by his comrades.
+
+Shortly before that he had the fortune to taste of the kindness and good
+breeding of the police once more. Some friends in Philadelphia arranged
+a meeting to celebrate Most's sixtieth birthday. He was one of the
+speakers; but the police of that city interpreted the American
+Constitution, which speaks of the right to free speech and assembly, as
+giving the right to forcibly disperse the meeting.
+
+Conscious misrepresentation and ignorance, the twin angels that hover
+over the throne of the newspaper kingdom of this country, have made John
+Most a scarecrow. Organized police authorities and police justices that
+can neither be accused of a surplus of intelligence nor even of the
+shadow of love of fairness, made him their target whenever they felt the
+great calling to save their country from disaster. Naturally the mob of
+law-abiding citizens must be assured from time to time that their
+masters have a sacred duty to perform, that they earn the right of
+graft.
+
+Most was born at Augsburg, Bavaria, February 5, 1846. According to his
+memoirs, he early found it necessary to resist the tyranny of a
+stepmother and the miserable treatment of his master. As a bookbinder
+apprentice, at a very early age, he took to his heels and went on the
+road of the world, where he soon came in contact with revolutionary
+ideas in the labor movement that greatly inspired him and urged him to
+read and study. It might be more appropriately said that he developed a
+ravenous appetite for knowledge and research of all the works of human
+science.
+
+At that time socialistic ideas had just begun to exercise great
+influence upon the thinking mind of the European continents. The zeal
+and craving for knowledge displayed by the working people of those days
+can hardly be properly estimated, especially by the proletariat of this
+country, whose literature and source of knowledge chiefly consists of
+the daily papers. Workingmen, who worked ten and twelve hours in
+factories and shops, spent their evenings in study and reading of
+economic, political and philosophic works--Ferdinand Lassalle, Karl
+Marx, Engels, Bakunin and, later, Kropotkin; also Henry George's
+"Progress and Poverty." Added to these were the works of the
+materialistic-natural science schools, such as Darwin, Huxley,
+Molleschot, Karl Vogt, Ludwig Buechner, Haeckel, that constituted the
+mental diet of a large number of workingmen of that period. Just as the
+revolutionary economists were hailed as the liberators of physical
+slavery, so were the materialistic, naturalistic sciences accepted as
+the saviors from mental narrowness and darkness.
+
+Most was untiring in his work of popularizing these ideas, and as he
+could quickly grasp things he was tremendously successful in simplifying
+scientific books into pamphlets and essays, accessible to the ordinary
+intelligence of the working people. He possessed a marvelous memory, and
+once he got hold of an amount of data he could easily avail himself of
+it at any moment. This was particularly true in the domain of history,
+with its compilation of bloodcurdling events, from which he drew his
+conclusions of how the human race ought _not to live_.
+
+Together with his journalistic activity, he combined oral propaganda.
+His power of delivery was marvelous, and those who heard him in his
+early days will understand why the powers of the world stood in awe
+before him. He not only had a very convincing way, but he succeeded in
+keeping his audiences spellbound or to bring them up to the highest
+pitch of enthusiasm.
+
+The scene of his first great activity was in Vienna, where he was soon
+met with many indictments and persecutions from the authorities, who
+mercilessly pursued him for the rest of his life. After a term of
+imprisonment in several American prisons, he went to Germany, where he
+became the editor of the "Free Press" in Berlin, but his original and
+biting criticism of bureaucracy again brought him in conflict with the
+powers that be. The Berlin prison, Ploetzensee, soon closed its doors on
+the culprit. Even to-day those who visit that famous institution of
+civilization are still shown Most's cell.
+
+At that time Bismarck carried an unsuccessful battle against the power
+of the Catholic Church, eager to subordinate her to the State authority.
+It happened that the famous leader of the Catholic party, Majunke, was
+sent for a term of imprisonment to Ploetzensee. When the prisoners were
+led out for their daily walk, the leader of the Reds, John Most, met the
+leader of the Blacks, Majunke. The situation was comical enough to cause
+amusement to both; both being brilliant, they found enough interesting
+material for conversation, which helped them over the dreariness and
+monotony of prison life.
+
+Several years later Bismarck succeeded in enacting the muzzle law
+against Social Democracy, which destroyed the freedom of the press and
+assembly. The question arose then what could be done.
+
+Most had been elected to the Reichstag, representing the famous factory
+town Chemnitz, but his experience in Parliament only served him to
+despise the representative system and professional lawmaking more than
+ever.
+
+When leaders of Social Democracy, like Bebel and Liebknecht, thought it
+more expedient to adapt themselves to conditions, Most went to London,
+where he continued his revolutionary literary crusade in the "Freiheit."
+He came in contact with Karl Marx, Engels and various other refugees who
+lived in England. Marx assured Most that his sharp pen in the "Freiheit"
+was not likely to cause him any trouble in England so long as the
+Conservative party was in power, but that nothing good was to be
+expected of a Liberal government. Marx was right. Shortly after Most's
+arrival in London his paper was seized and he was arrested on the
+indictment for inciting to murder because he paid a glowing tribute to
+the revolutionists of Russia, who, on the first of March, 1881, executed
+Alexander II. He was tried and sentenced to eighteen months'
+imprisonment to one of the barbarous English prisons.
+
+Most gradually developed into an Anarchist, representing Communist
+Anarchism, the organization of production and consummation, based on
+free industrial groups, and which would exclude State and bureaucratic
+interference. His ideas were related to those of Kropotkin and Elisée
+Reclus. He often assured me that he considered Kropotkin his teacher,
+and that he owed much of his mental development to him.
+
+The next aim of the hounded man was America, but it does not appear that
+he was followed across the ocean by his lucky star. He soon was made to
+feel that free speech and free press in this great republic was but a
+myth. Time and again he was arrested, brutally treated by the police,
+and sentenced to serve time in the penitentiary. Added to this came the
+fearful attacks and misrepresentations of Most and his ideas by the
+press, many of the articles making him appear as a wild beast ever
+plotting destruction. The last sentence inflicted upon him was after the
+Czolgosz act. He was arrested for an article by the Radical Karl
+Heinzen, that had been written many years ago and the author of which
+had been dead a long time. The article had not the slightest relation to
+the act, did not contain a single reference to the conditions of this
+country, and treated altogether of European conditions of fifty years
+ago. In the face of this sentence one cannot but help think of Tolstoi's
+"Power of Darkness." Only the Power of Darkness in the minds of the
+judges before whom Most was tried and the newspaper men, who helped in
+arousing public opinion against him, were responsible for the sentence
+inflicted upon him.
+
+Taking Most's life superficially, it would appear that his road was hard
+and thorny, but looking at it from a thorough view point, one will
+realize that all his hardships and injustices had made of him a
+relentless, uncompromising rebel, who continued to wage war against the
+enemies of the people.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+With but few exceptions the American journalists censure the immoral
+profession of "Mrs. Warren." Is it not heavenly irony that God pressed
+the headman's sword of morals into the hands of the newspaper writers?
+Perhaps the great God Pan thought they would be the fittest to handle
+the sword, since they are so intimately associated with mental
+prostitution.
+
+
+
+
+CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA.
+
+
+A large, strong man, dressed in a uniform and armed to the teeth,
+knocked at the door of a hut on the west coast of Africa.
+
+"Who are you and what do you want?" said a voice from the inside.
+
+"In the name of civilization, open your door or I'll break it down for
+you and fill you full of lead."
+
+"But what do you want here?"
+
+"My name is Christian Civilization. Don't talk like a fool, you black
+brute; what do you suppose I want here but to civilize you and make a
+reasonable human being out of you if it is possible."
+
+"What are you going to do?"
+
+"In the first place you must dress yourself like a white man. It is a
+shame and disgrace the way you go about. From now on you must wear
+underclothing, a pair of pants, vest, coat, plug hat, and a pair of
+yellow gloves. I will furnish them to you at reasonable rates."
+
+"What shall I do with them?"
+
+"Wear them, of course. You did not expect to eat them, did you? The
+first step to civilization is in wearing proper clothes."
+
+"But it is too hot here to wear such garments. I'm not used to them.
+I'll perish from the heat. Do you want to murder me?"
+
+"Not particularly. But if you do die you will have the satisfaction of
+being a martyr to civilization."
+
+"How kind!"
+
+"Don't mention it. What do you do for a living?"
+
+"When I am hungry I eat a banana; I eat, drink or sleep just as I feel
+like it."
+
+"What horrible barbarity! You must settle down to some occupation, my
+friend. If you don't it will be my duty to lock you up as a vagrant."
+
+"If I have to follow some occupation I think I'll start a coffee house.
+I've got a considerable amount of coffee and sugar stored here and
+there."
+
+"Oh, you have, have you? Why, you are not such a hopeless case as I
+thought you were. In the first place you want to pay me the sum of fifty
+dollars."
+
+"What for?"
+
+"As an occupation tax, you ignorant heathen. Do you expect all the
+blessings of civilization for nothing?"
+
+"But I have no money."
+
+"That makes no difference. I'll take it out in tea and coffee. If you
+don't pay up like a Christian man, I'll put you in jail for the rest of
+your life."
+
+"What is jail?"
+
+"Jail is a progressive word. You must be prepared to make some
+sacrifices for civilization, you know."
+
+"What a great and glorious thing is civilization."
+
+"You cannot possibly realize the benefits of it, but you will before I
+get through with you, my fine fellow."
+
+The unfortunate native took to the woods and has not been seen
+since--_Waverly Magazine_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+OUR PURPOSE.
+
+By MARY HANSEN.
+
+
+     _I come, not with the blaring of trumpet,
+       To herald the birth of a king;
+     I come, not with traditional story,
+       The life of a savior to sing;
+     I come, not with jests for the silly,
+       I come, not to worship the strong,
+     But to question the powers that govern,
+       To point out a world-old wrong._
+
+     _To kiss from the starved lips of childhood
+       The lies that are sapping its breath,
+     And brighten the brief cheerless valley
+       That leads to the darkness of death;
+     With reason and sympathy blended,
+       And a hope that all mankind shall see,
+     Untrammeled by Creed, Law or Custom--
+       The attainable goal of the Free._
+
+
+
+
+MARRIAGE AND THE HOME.
+
+By JOHN R. CORYELL.
+
+
+You remember _Punch's_ advice to the young man about to be
+married--don't. There is a jest nearly half a century old, and yet ever
+fresh and poignant. Why? Can it be that the secret, serious voice of
+mankind proclaims the jest truth in masquerade? Can it be that marriage,
+as an institution, has indeed proved itself in experience such a
+terrible failure?
+
+We worship many fetishes, we of the superior civilization, and the
+institution of marriage is the chief of them. Few of us but bow before
+that; before that and the home of which it is the foundation. And I know
+what scorn and obloquy and denunciation await that man who stands unawed
+before it, seeing in it but an ugly little idol. And I guess what will
+be dealt out to him who not only refuses to bow the head, but openly
+scoffs. And yet I am going to scoff and say ugly words about this fetish
+of ours. I am going to say that it represents ignorance, hides and
+causes hypocrisy, stands in the way of progress, drags low the standard
+of individual excellence, perpetuates many foul practices.
+
+Let me admit at the outset that I recognize in the institution of
+marriage a perfectly legitimate result of the working of the law of
+evolution. Of course it is; and the same may be said of everything that
+exists whether good or evil. Every vile and filthy thing, crime,
+disease, misery, are all equally legitimate products of the working of
+this law. Evolution is simply the process of the logical working of
+things; it explains how things come to be; and there is nothing in the
+nature of the law to enable it to give to its results the hall mark of
+sterling. A thing is because of something else that was. Marriage is
+because of a primeval club. Man craved woman and he procured her.
+Considering the beginnings of the institution of marriage, it is
+interesting, if nothing more, to consider the efforts of the priest to
+give it an attribute of sanctity, to call it a sacrament. In truth,
+marriage is the most artificial of the relations which exist in the
+social body. It is a device of man at his worst--a mixture of slavery,
+savage egotism and priestcraft. It is indicated by nothing in the
+physical constitution of either male or female. It is an anomaly; a
+contract which can be freely entered into by the most unfit, but which
+cannot be broken, though both parties wish it, though absolute unfitness
+be patent, though hell on earth be its result. The pretense must be
+abandoned that men and women marry in order to reproduce their kind.
+Nothing could be less true. Marriage legalizes reproduction, but is not
+caused by desire for it. Marriage is the hard and fast tying together of
+a man and a woman without the least regard to moral or physiological
+conditions. Marriage may be for pecuniary gain, or for social
+advancement; it may be at the will of a controlling parent, or, more
+commonly for St. Paul's reason, that it is better to marry than to burn;
+but never for the reason that the parties to it are fitted to each other
+for parenthood. That supreme consideration not only does not enter into
+either the preliminary or after-thought of the matter, but is even held
+to be an indecent topic of conversation between persons not already
+married to each other.
+
+The constituents of the average marriage are a man over-stimulated
+sexually by mystery and ignorance, and a woman abnormally undersexed by
+the course of self-repression and self-mutilation which have been taught
+her from her earliest childhood as necessities of modesty, purity and
+virtue. And then out of the carefully cultivated repugnance of the woman
+and the savage, exulting, unrelenting passion of the man are produced
+children, frequently welcome, seldom premeditated. And we are asked to
+believe that out of such elements are created the best foundation for a
+race or nation. Surely, surely, that combination of conditions is the
+best for a race or a nation which produces the best individuals; and
+quite as surely we should strive to bring about those conditions which
+tend to produce the best individuals.
+
+Then there is home. Home, sweet home! the perfect flower, we are told,
+that blooms on the fair stem of marriage. Yet it is the very citadel of
+ignorance, when it should be the school in which are taught the
+beautiful phenomena of physical life. Home! where the simplest, purest
+facts of life are converted into a nasty mystery and deliberately
+endowed with the characteristics of impurity and sin; for what else is
+the meaning of that solemn formula, which most of us have been taught,
+that we were conceived in sin? What else is the meaning of the hush and
+blush that go to any reference to sex, sign or manifestation of sex? Is
+it not awful beyond the power of words to express that a man and a woman
+come together in ignorance and beget children who are not even to obtain
+the benefit of such knowledge as their unfortunate parents pick up by
+the way, but must themselves begin the most responsible functions of
+life, not only in equal ignorance, but with an added load of
+misconceptions, sex-superstitions, immoral dogmas and probably physical
+disabilities? A short time since a father was speaking to me of his son,
+fourteen years of age, and plainly at an age when some of the beautiful
+phenomena of sex-life were beginning to crowd upon him for notice. I
+asked the man if he had talked with his son about the matter. His answer
+was peculiar only in that he put into words a description of the
+attitude of the average parent: "Talked to him about that? Not I. Let
+him learn as I did. No one ever told me." But some one had told him, as
+his unpleasantly reminiscent smile advised me! He had been told by
+ignorant companions, by ignorant servants, and, quite likely, by books,
+whose grossness would have been harmless but for the child's piteous
+ignorance. No, the man would not talk with his son about such things,
+but he would go into his club and talk into the small hours over a glass
+of whiskey with his friends there, turning the beauty and purity of sex
+manifestation into shabby jest and impure ridicule. He would exchange
+stories based on sex relation with any stranger with whom he might ride
+for two hours in a smoking car. Every man knows that I speak well within
+bounds.
+
+And the girl child! what of her? Does her mother, the victim of
+misinformation and no information, of misuse and self-mutilation, in the
+sweet privacy of this home, which is called the cradle of peace and the
+nestling place of purity, save her by taking warning of her own ruined
+life and giving her the benefit of such little knowledge as she has
+gained in physical, mental and moral misery? We know she does not. On
+the contrary, the same terrible old lies are told, the same hideous
+practices are resorted to; and another poor creature is launched into
+that awful life of legalized prostitution which is called marriage.
+
+Motherhood is woman's highest function, and, moreover, it is a function
+which it is unwise not to exercise; for it is infinitely more perilous
+for a healthy woman not to be a mother than it is for her to bear
+children. Motherhood, too, is the most markedly indicated function of a
+woman's body. She is specialized for it; it is the thing indicated. And
+yet we never say to a woman, Be a mother when you will; we hold up our
+hands in horror at the very thought of motherhood itself, and we say,
+Marry; marry anything; get another name for yourself; merge your very
+identity into that of some man; get a home; never mind about children;
+you don't have to have them; they have nothing to do with your
+respectability. Is it not so? Is it not so that that woman who prefers
+her own name and her freedom, and who exercises her highest function of
+motherhood, thereby becomes a thing of scorn and contumely?
+
+And yet, how in this world can a woman do a finer, wiser, braver, truer
+thing than to bear a child in freedom by a carefully chosen father? It
+is true that we have moralists who urge wives to breed for the good of
+the country, but even they, while declaring that it is the duty of women
+to have large families, roll their eyes in horror at the thought of a
+woman exercising her plainest right, without first having some man,
+whose only interest in the matter is his fee, say some magic words over
+her and her master.
+
+Oh, that marriage ceremony! And is it not pathetic to hear the women,
+dimly conscious of their backbones, declaring that they will not promise
+to obey? They will promise vehemently to love and honor, which they
+absolutely cannot be sure of doing, but they refuse to obey--the only
+thing they could safely promise to do, and which, in fact, most of them
+do. For, writhe and twist as they may, defy never so bravely, the
+conventions of the world are against them, and conform they must. Down,
+down they sink until they are on their knees in the mire of tradition,
+their heads bowed to the ugly little fetish. A woman may be a thousand
+times the superior of her husband, and yet she must be his slave.
+
+And what puerile fables, what transparent lies are told to reconcile the
+poor slave to her lot! A man's rib! And she is the weaker vessel!
+Nevertheless, she is the power behind the throne. And if the man
+possess her, does she not equally possess him? Is not monogamy the
+mainstay of our morals? Is not God to be thanked that he has given us
+light to see the horrors of polygamy? Oh, that shocking thing, polygamy!
+How the husbands of the land rise up to defend their firesides from it!
+No Smoots shall get into our Senate. That virtuous Senate!
+
+Why if every practising polygamist went home from the Congress there
+would not be a quorum left to do business. Monogamy! Why it is the most
+shocking phase of the hypocrisy due to marriage. There is no such
+condition known in this country. Of course, there may be sporadic cases
+of it, but that is all. If monogamy be the practice of the men of this
+country, why the hundreds of thousands of prostitutes, why divorces for
+adultery, why those secret establishments where unhappily married men
+indemnify themselves for the appearance of monogamy by an association
+which can be ended at will? Whence come the mulattoes and the
+half-breeds of all sorts? Who so credulous as to believe the fable of
+monogamy?
+
+What has monogamy or polygamy or polyandry to do with this matter? I
+assume that it is undeniable that motherhood is woman's most manifest
+function. If that be so, how can there be any more immorality in the
+exercise of it than in the process of digestion? What can be clearer
+than that a woman has the inherent right to bear children if she wish?
+And there is nothing in experience or morals which demands one father
+for all her children. It should be for her to say whether she will have
+one father for all her children or one for each. And if the question be
+asked how, under such conditions, the interests of the children would be
+safe-guarded, I ask if they are safe-guarded now. The right-minded man
+provides as he can for them; as would be the case always; while the
+wrong-minded man does not now provide properly for them. Besides, is the
+mother not to be considered? Do we not all know of women who in
+widowhood take care of their families? Do we not know of women who take
+care of their husbands as well as of their children? Women, of course,
+should, in any case, be economically free. But at least let them be sex
+free; let them decide for themselves whether they will have many or few
+or no children. Teach woman to be economically independent, give her the
+opportunity for full knowledge of all that pertains to motherhood; make
+the motherhood a pure and beautiful manifestation of physical activity
+if you will, but without forgetting that it is only simple and natural;
+avoiding that hysterical glorification of the function in poetry and the
+hiding of it in actual life as if it were an unclean thing. But the
+important matter is to understand that a woman has a right to bear a
+child if she wish. Nothing is more distinctly pointed out by the
+constitution of her body, and therefore it is impossible that there can
+be any immorality in the exercise of the function. To put my idea in as
+few and as bold words as I can: Motherhood is a right and has no proper
+relation to marriage. Marriage is a purely artificial relation, and not
+only is it not justified by its results, but distinctly it is
+discredited by them. By it a man becomes a vile hypocrite since he
+loudly avows a moral standard and a course of conduct which in private
+by his acts he denies and puts to scorn; by it a woman becomes a slave,
+giving up her rights in her own body; submitting to ravishment, and
+becoming the accidental mother to unwished, unwelcome children; by it
+children are robbed of their plain right to the best equipment that can
+be given them; and which cannot be given them under the prevailing
+system. It is only when a woman is free to choose the father of her
+child that the child can hope for even a partial payment of the debt
+that was due it from its parents from the moment they took the
+responsibility of calling it from the nowhere into the here. This
+doctrine of the responsibility of the parent to the child is
+comparatively new and goes neither with marriage nor with the home. The
+old and current notion is that the child is a chattel.
+
+Abraham never offers an apology for making little Isaac carry wood and
+then mount the sacrificial pile. Indeed we are asked to marvel at the
+heroism of the father. Then we are told that God so loved the world that
+he gave his only begotten son. As if the child were the property of the
+parent. And yet there must always have been naughty children asking
+pointed questions, for it was long ago found necessary to try to scare
+them by a divine fulmination. Honor thy father and thy mother that thy
+days may be long! It seems that even so long ago parents were afraid
+they could not win honor from their children. Abraham's place was on the
+pile, just as it is the place of the modern parent who looks upon his
+child as his chattel; disposing of him as he will; arbitrarily making
+rules for his conduct which he would not dream of observing for himself;
+stifling his natural demands for knowledge; converting what is pure and
+most beautiful in the world into a mire of filth and ignorance; wilfully
+robbing him of his birthright of individuality by forcing him to conform
+to methods of thought and conduct which his own experience tells him no
+man can or does conform to from the moment he wins his freedom or learns
+the hideous lesson of that hypocrisy which he is sure in the end to
+discover that his father practices. What right has any father to make a
+sacrifice of his child? What is his title to the love or gratitude or
+self-abnegation of his child? Is it that the child is the unconsidered
+consequence of the legal rape of some poor woman who has been unfitted
+for the office forced upon her, by a life mentally dwarfed, morally
+twisted and physically mutilated? Is it that the child is haled out of
+nothingness to be inoculated, perhaps, with germs of disease in the
+first instance and then half nourished for nine months in a body which
+has been robbed of its vitality by the mutilation and torture to which
+it has been subjected at the behest of fashion?
+
+The highest duty of a parent is to so treat his child that it will enter
+upon the struggle of life prepared to obtain the utmost happiness from
+it.
+
+If anyone fancies I have been too severe in my strictures I would ask
+him to read what Mrs. Gilman has to say on the subject of home. It is
+true that she does not come to the same conclusion that I do. She would
+have women economically independent, and she would have children taken
+care of by those especially fitted for the task, leaving mothers and
+fathers free to go their separate ways. But how could there be separate
+ways so long as the slavery of marriage remained? Woman must be not only
+economically free, but altogether free. As I have said, motherhood is
+not an affair of morals; it is a function. Marriage, on the other hand,
+is a matter of morals; and hideously immoral it is, too. Then why not
+have motherhood without its immoral, artificial adjunct, marriage?
+
+You see I do not ask for easy divorce as a solution of the problem of
+marriage. I set my face sternly against divorce. I am one with the
+church in that. I only demand that there shall be no marriage at all,
+that there shall be no fastening of life-long slavery on woman. Let
+woman mother children or not, as she will. Let her say who shall be the
+father of her child and of each child. Let motherhood be deemed not even
+honorable, but only natural.
+
+Can anyone believe that if men and women were free to decide whether or
+not they would be parents, they would not in the end, seeing their duty
+in the light of their knowledge, fit themselves for parenthood before
+taking upon themselves its responsibilities?
+
+I would like to say that I have no fear of the odium of the designation
+of iconoclast. Nor do I quake lest some one triumphantly ask me what I
+will put in the place of marriage and the home. As well might one demand
+what I would give in the place of smallpox if I were able to eradicate
+it. I am not concerned to find a substitute for such perversion of sex
+activity. If men and women choose to live together in freedom, fathering
+and mothering their children according to a rule grown out of freedom,
+and directed by expediency, I fancy they would be, at least, as happy as
+they can be now, tied together by a hard, unpleasant knot. And if an
+economically free woman chose to have six children by six different
+fathers, as a wise woman might well do, I believe she could be trusted
+to secure those children from want quite as well as the mother-slave of
+to-day, who bears her children at the will of an irresponsible man, and
+then, often enough, has to take care of them and him too.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+"Wealth protects and animates art and literature, as the dew enlivens
+the fields."
+
+Nonsense! Wealth animates art and literature, as the whistle of the
+master animates the dog and makes him wag his tail.
+
+
+
+
+THE MODERN NEWSPAPER.
+
+
+Let me describe to you, very briefly, a newspaper day.
+
+Figure first, then, a hastily erected, and still more hastily designed,
+building in a dirty, paper-littered back street of London, and a number
+of shabbily dressed men coming and going in this with projectile
+swiftness. Within this factory companies of printers, tensely active
+with nimble fingers--they were always speeding up the printers--ply
+their typesetting machines, and cast and arrange masses of metal in a
+sort of kitchen inferno, above which, in a beehive of little, brightly
+lit rooms, disheveled men sit and scribble. There is a throbbing of
+telephones and a clicking of telegraph instruments, a rushing of
+messengers, a running to and fro of heated men, clutching proofs and
+copy. Then begins a roar of machinery catching the infection, going
+faster and faster, and whizzing and banging. Engineers, who have never
+had time to wash since their birth, fly about with oil cans, while paper
+runs off its rolls with a shudder of haste. The proprietor you must
+suppose arriving explosively on a swift motor car, leaping out before
+the thing is at a standstill, with letters and documents clutched in his
+hand, rushing in, resolute to "hustle," getting wonderfully in
+everybody's way. At the sight of him even the messenger boys who are
+waiting get up and scamper to and fro. Sprinkle your vision with
+collisions, curses, incoherencies. You imagine all the parts of this
+complex, lunatic machine working hysterically toward a crescendo of
+haste and excitement as the night wears on. At last, the only things
+that seem to travel slowly in those tearing, vibrating premises, are the
+hands of the clock.
+
+Slowly things draw on toward publication, the consummation of all those
+stresses. Then, in the small hours, in the now dark and deserted streets
+comes a wild whirl of carts and men, the place spurts paper at every
+door; bales, heaps, torrents of papers, that are snatched and flung
+about in what looks like a free fight, and off with a rush and clatter
+east, west, north and south. The interest passes outwardly; the men from
+the little rooms are going homeward, the printers disperse, yawning, the
+roaring presses slacken. The paper exists. Distribution follows
+manufacture, and we follow the bundles.
+
+Our vision becomes a vision of dispersal. You see those bundles hurling
+into stations, catching trains by a hair's breadth, speeding on their
+way, breaking up, smaller bundles of them hurled with a fierce accuracy
+out upon the platforms that rush by, and then everywhere a division of
+these smaller bundles into still smaller bundles, into dispersing
+parcels, into separate papers. The dawn happens unnoticed amidst a great
+running and shouting of boys, a shoving through letter-slots, openings
+of windows, spreading out upon book-stalls. For the space of a few
+hours, you must figure the whole country dotted white with rustling
+papers. Placards everywhere vociferate the hurried lie for the day. Men
+and women in trains, men and women eating and reading, men by study
+fenders, people sitting up in bed, mothers and sons and daughters
+waiting for father to finish--a million scattered people are
+reading--reading headlong--or feverishly ready to read. It is just as if
+some vehement jet had sprayed that white foam of papers over the surface
+of the land.
+
+Nonsense! The whole affair is a noisy paroxysm of nonsense, unreasonable
+excitement, witless mischief, and waste of strength--signifying nothing.
+
+               --From H. G. Wells "In the Days of the Comet."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A VISIT TO SING SING.
+
+By A MORALIST.
+
+
+I was ennuyé; the everlasting decency and respectability of my
+surroundings bored me. On whichever side of me I looked, I saw people
+doing the same things for the same reasons; or for the same lack of
+reasons. And they were uninteresting.
+
+"Oh," said I to myself, "these are the people of the ruts; they go that
+way because others have gone; they are conforming. But there must be
+some persons who do not conform. Where are they?"
+
+Now you can understand why it was that my thoughts turned toward that
+monument of our civilization on the Hudson River, and why finally I
+made up my mind to visit it.
+
+I knew that neither my citizenship, nor yet my philosophic and human
+interest in the working of that great school would avail to obtain me
+entrance there, so I sought out one of the politicians of my district,
+who at that time at least exercised his activities outside of the walls
+of the building, and I exchanged with him a five-dollar bill for an
+order to admit me.
+
+"I suppose," I said to the attendant who did the honors of the place for
+me, "that these persons who are garbed alike and who affect the same
+tonsorial effect are those who have been unskillful in their
+non-conformity."
+
+"They are prisoners," he replied. I bit my lip and looked as smug as I
+remembered one should who as yet has the right of egress as well as
+ingress in an institution of that character.
+
+At that moment my eyes fell on a face that seemed familiar to me, and as
+I studied it I saw with surprise that I had come upon a man who had once
+been a schoolmate of mine.
+
+Now I had always believed that if a person had done wrong, he would be
+conscious of it; and that if he were found out he would at least try to
+appear penitent. But in this case my theory did not seem to be working;
+for my former chum, whom I remembered as a quiet, unobtrusive fellow,
+met my startled glance with a twinkle of suppressed humor. I confess
+that such a blow to my theory filled me with indignation.
+
+I stepped toward him, all my moral superiority betraying itself in the
+self-satisfied smirk which fixed itself on my face in accordance with
+the sense of duty which the Philistine feels so keenly in his relations
+with others.
+
+"Why are you here?" I asked him.
+
+"Are you not a little impertinent?" he asked. "I do not inquire of you
+why you are here."
+
+"That is obvious, to say the least," I answered loftily.
+
+"Obvious from your pharisaical expression, perhaps," he said
+good-naturedly. "But never mind! We look at the matter from different
+points of view. To me it is a greater indiscretion to annoy a helpless
+prisoner with 'holier-than-thou' questions than it would be to attend
+the Charity Ball in pajamas. But of course you do not see it in the same
+light."
+
+"Pardon me if I annoyed you," I said stiffly.
+
+"Don't mention it," he replied, with the humorous twinkle still playing
+in his eyes. "And to prove that I bear no hard feeling, I will ask you
+some questions."
+
+Naturally I was embarrassed at such an exhibition of hardihood in one in
+his situation, but I said I would be pleased to answer him to the best
+of my ability.
+
+"It is some time since I was away from this retreat on a vacation," he
+said, with an easy assurance that was indescribably shocking to one of
+correct principles, "and I would like to know if all the rascals have
+yet been put in prison."
+
+I pushed my insurance policy a little deeper into my pocket and replied,
+with conviction:
+
+"Certainly not; but you must not forget that no man is guilty until he
+has been proven so."
+
+"Ah, yes," he said; "and that a man may pride himself on his honesty on
+the secure ground that he has not yet reached the penitentiary. Yes, of
+course, you are right. But, tell me, is it true, according to a rumor
+which has reached us in our seclusion, that these good Christians _pro
+tem_, are considering the advisability of having rat poison served to us
+in place of the delicious stale bread and flat water which now comprise
+our bill of fare?"
+
+"Oh," I answered vaguely, "there are still reformers of all sorts in the
+world."
+
+"Reformers!" he cried, his face lighting up with a new interest. "Ah!
+you mean those profound thinkers who seek to cure every disease of the
+social body by means of legislation. Yes, yes! tell me about them!
+Society still believes in them?"
+
+"Believes in them!" I cried indignantly. "Surely it does. Why, the great
+political parties are responding to the cry of the downtrodden masses,
+and--"
+
+"Oh," he said dreamily, "they are still responding?"
+
+"What do you mean by still responding?" I demanded curtly.
+
+"Why, I remember that in my time, too, the people always responded. The
+party leaders would say to them that they were in a bad way and needed
+help. The people would cry out in joy to think their leaders had
+discovered this. Then the leaders would wink at each other and jump upon
+the platforms and explain to the people that what was needed was a new
+law of some sort. The people would weep for happiness at such wisdom and
+would beg their leaders to get together and make the law. And the law
+that the leaders would make when they got together was one that would
+put the people still more in their power. So that is still going on?"
+
+I recognized that he was ironical, but I answered with a sneer:
+
+"The people get what they deserve, and what they wish. They have only to
+demand through the ballot box, you know."
+
+"Ah, yes," he murmured with a grin, "I had forgotten the ballot box.
+Dear me! how could I have forgotten the ballot box?"
+
+Providentially the keeper came to notify me that my time was up, and I
+turned away.
+
+"One thing more," cried the prisoner; "is it still the case that the
+American people enjoy their freedom best when they are enslaved in some
+way?"
+
+"You are outrageous," I exclaimed; "the American people are not enslaved
+in any way. It is true they are restricted for their own good by those
+more capable of judging than they. That must always be the case."
+
+"I don't know about must," he sighed, "but I am sure it will always be
+the case as long as a man's idea of freedom is his ability to impose
+some slavish notion on his brother."
+
+"Good-bye," I said, with a recurrence to my smirk of pharisaical pity,
+"I am sorry to see you here."
+
+"Oh, don't be troubled on my account," he answered; "on the whole, I am
+satisfied."
+
+"Satisfied! Impossible!" I cried.
+
+"Why impossible? Consider that I shall never again be compelled to
+associate with decent, honest folk. Oh, I have cause to be satisfied; I
+am here on a life sentence."
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD AND THE NEW DRAMA.
+
+By MAX BAGINSKI.
+
+
+The inscription over the Drama in olden times used to be, "Man, look
+into this mirror of life; your soul will be gripped in its innermost
+depths, anguish and dread will take possession of you in the face of
+this rage of human desire and passion. Go ye, atone and make good."
+
+Even Schiller entertained this view when he called the Stage a moral
+institution. It was also from this standpoint that the Drama was
+expected to show the terrible consequences of uncontrolled human
+passion, and that these consequences should teach man to overcome
+himself. "To conquer oneself is man's greatest triumph."
+
+This ascetic tendency, incidentally part of chastisement and acquired
+resignation, one can trace in every investigation of the value and
+meaning of the Drama, though in different forms. The avenging Nemesis,
+always at the heels of the sinner, may be placated by means of rigid
+self-control and self-denial. This, too, was Schopenhauer's idea of the
+Drama. In it, his eye perceived with horror that human relation became
+disastrously interwoven; that guilt and atonement made light of the
+human race, which merely served as a target for the principles of good
+and evil. Guilt and atonement reign because the blind force of life will
+not resign itself, but, on the contrary, is ever ready to yield itself
+to the struggle of the passions. Mountains of guilt pile themselves on
+the top of each other, while purifying fires ever flame up into the
+heavens.
+
+In the idea that Life in itself is a great guilt, Schopenhauer coincides
+with the teachings of Christ, though otherwise he has little regard for
+them. With Christ, he recognized in the chastisement of the body a
+purification of the mind; the inner man, who thus escapes from close
+physical intimacy, as if from bad company. The spiritual man appears
+before the physical as a saint and a Pharisee. In reality, he is the
+intellectual cause of the so-called bad deeds of the human body, its
+path indicator and teacher. But, once the mischief is accomplished, he
+puts on a pious air and denies all responsibility for the deed.
+Wherever the idea of guilt, the fear of sin prevails, the mind becomes
+traitor to the body: "I know him not and will have nothing to do with
+him." Whenever man entertains the belief in good and evil, he is bound
+to pretend the good and do the evil. And yet the understanding of all
+human occurrences begins, as with the Zarathustra philosopher, beyond
+good and evil.
+
+The modern drama is, in its profoundest depths, an attempt to ignore
+good and evil in its analysis of human manifestations. It aims to get at
+a complete whole, out of each strong, healthy emotion, out of each
+absorbing mood that carries and urges one forward from the beginning to
+the end. It represents the World as it reflects itself in each passion,
+in each quivering life; not trying to confine and to judge, to condemn
+or to praise; not acting merely in the capacity of a cold observer; but
+striving to grow in oneness with Life; to become color, tone and light;
+to absorb universal sorrow as one's own; universal joy as one's own; to
+feel every emotion as it manifests itself in a natural way; to be one's
+self, yet oblivious of self.
+
+The modern dramatist tries to understand and to explain. Goodness is no
+longer entitled to a reward, like a pupil who knows his lesson; nor is
+evil condemned to an eternal Hell. Both belong together in the sphere of
+all that is human. Often enough it is seen that evil triumphs over good,
+while virtue, ever highly praised in words, is rarely practiced. It is
+set aside to become dusty and dirty in some obscure corner. Only at some
+opportune moment is it brought forward from its hiding place to serve as
+a cover for some vile deed. We can no longer believe that beyond and
+above us there is some irrevocable, irresistible Fate, whose duty it is
+to punish all evil and wrong and to reward all goodness; an idea so
+fondly cherished by our grandfathers.
+
+To-day we no longer look for the force of fate outside of human
+activity. It lives and weaves its own tragedies and comedies with us and
+within us. It has its roots in our social, political and economic
+surroundings, in our physical, mental and psychic capacities. (Did not
+the fate of Cyrano de Bergerac lie in his gigantic nose?) With others,
+fate lies in their vocation in life, in their mental and emotional
+tendencies, which either submerge them into the hurry and rush of a
+commonplace existence, or bring them into the most annoying conflicts
+with the _dicta_ of society. Indeed, it is often seen that a human
+being, apparently of a cheerful nature, but who has failed to establish
+a durable relation with society, often leads a most tragic inner life.
+Should he find the cause in his own inclinations, and suffer agonizing
+reproaches therefrom, he becomes a misanthrope. If, however, he feels
+inwardly robust and powerful, living truly, if he crave complete
+assertion of a self that is being hampered by his surroundings at every
+step, he must inevitably become a Revolutionist. And, again, his life
+may become tragic in the struggle with our powerful institutions and
+traditions, the leaden weight of which will, apparently, not let him
+soar through space to ever greater heights. Apparently, because it
+sometimes occurs that an individual rises above the average, and waves
+his colors over the heads of the common herd. His life is that of the
+storm bird, anxiously making for distant shores. The efforts of the
+deepest, truest and freest spirits of our day tend toward the conscious
+formation of life, toward that life which will make the blind raging of
+the elements impossible; a life which will show man his sovereignity and
+admit his right to direct his own world.
+
+The old conception of the drama paid little or no attention to the
+importance of the influences of social conditions. It was the individual
+alone who had to carry the weight of all responsibility. But is not the
+tragedy greater, the suffering of the individual increased, by
+influences he cannot control, the existing social and moral conditions?
+And is it not true that the very best and most beautiful in the human
+breast cannot and will not bow down to the commands of the commonplace
+and everyday conditions? Out of the anachronisms of society and its
+relation to the individual grow the strongest motives of the modern
+drama. Pure personal conflicts are no longer considered important enough
+to bring about a dramatic climax. A play must contain the beating of the
+waves, the deep breath of life; and its strong invigorating breeze can
+never fail in bringing about a dramatic effect upon our emotions. The
+new drama means reproduction of nature in all its phases, the social and
+psychological included. It embraces, analyzes and enriches all life. It
+goes hand in hand with the longing for materially and mentally
+harmonious institutions. It rehabilitates the human body, establishes it
+in its proper place and dignity, and brings about the long deferred
+reconciliation between the mind and the body.
+
+Full of enthusiasm, with the pulse of time throbbing in his veins, the
+modern dramatist compiles mountains of material for the better
+understanding of Man, and the influences that mould and form him. He no
+longer presents capital acts, extraordinary events, or melodramatic
+expressions. It is life in all its complexity, that is being unfolded
+before us, and so we come closer to the source of the forces that
+destroy and build up again, the forces that make for individual
+character and direct the world at large. Life, as a whole, is being
+dealt with, and not mere particles. Formerly our eyes were dazzled by a
+display of costumes and scenery, while the heart remained unmoved. This
+no longer satisfies. One must feel the warmth of life, in order to
+respond, to be gripped.
+
+The sphere of the drama has widened most marvellously in all directions,
+and only ends where human limitations begin. Together with this, a
+marked deepening of the inner world has taken place. Still there are
+those who have much to say about the vulgarity contained in the modern
+drama, and how its inaugurators and following present the ugly and
+untruthful. Untrue and ugly, indeed, for those who are buried under a
+mass of inherited views and prejudices. The growth of the scope of the
+drama has increased the number of the participants therein. Formerly it
+was assumed that the fate of the ordinary man, the man of the masses,
+was altogether too obscure, too indifferent to serve as material for
+anything tragic; since those who had never dwelt in the heights of
+material splendor could not go down to the darkest and lowest abyss.
+Because of that assumption, the low and humble never gained access to
+the center of the stage; they were only utilized to represent mobs.
+Those that were of importance were persons of high position and
+standing, persons who represented wealth and power with superiority and
+dignity, yet with shallow and superficial airs. The ensemble was but a
+mechanism and not an organism; and each participant was stiff and
+lifeless; each movement was forced and strained. The old fate and hero
+drama did not spring from within Man and the things about him; it was
+merely manufactured. Most remarkable incidents, unheard of situations
+had to be invented, if only to produce, externally, an appearance of
+coinciding cause and effect; and not a single plot could be without
+secret doors and vaults, terrible oaths and perjury. If Ibsen, Gorky,
+Hauptmann, Gabrielle D'Annunzio and others had brought us nothing else
+but liberation from such grotesque ballast, from such impossibilities as
+destroy every illusion as to the life import of a play, they would still
+be entitled to our gratitude and the gratitude of posterity. But they
+have done more. Out of the confusion of trap doors, secret passages,
+folding screens, they have led us into the light of day, of undisguised
+events, with their simple distinct outlines. In this light, the man of
+the heap gains in life force, importance and depth. The stage no longer
+offers a place for impossible deeds and the endless monologues of the
+hero, the important feature is harmonious concert of action. The hero,
+on a stage that conscientiously stands for real art and aims to produce
+life, is about as superfluous as the clown who amused the audience
+between the acts. After all the spectacle of one star display, one
+cannot help but hail the refreshing contrast, shown in the "Man of
+Destiny," by the clever Bernard Shaw, where he presents the legend-hero,
+Napoleon, as a petty intriguer, with all the inner fear and uneasiness
+of a plotter. In these days of concerted energy, of the co-operation of
+numerous hands and brains; in the days when the most far-reaching effect
+can only be accomplished through the summons of a manifold physical and
+mental endeavor, the existence of these loud heroes is circumscribed
+within rather limited lines.
+
+Previous generations could never have grasped the deep tragedy in that
+famous painting of Millet that inspired Edwin Markham to write his "Man
+with the Hoe." Our generation, however, is thrilled by it. And is there
+not something terribly tragic about the lives of the great masses who
+pierced the colossal stone cliffs of the Simplon, or who are building
+the Panama Canal? They have and are performing a task that may safely be
+compared with the extraordinary achievements of Hercules; works which,
+according to human conception, will last into eternity. The names and
+the characters of these workmen are unknown. The historians, coldly and
+disinterestedly, pass them by.
+
+The new drama has unveiled this kind of tragedy. It has done away with
+the lie that sought to produce a violent dramatic effect through a
+plunge from the sublime to the ridiculous. Those who understand
+Tolstoy's "Power of Darkness," wherein but those of the lowest strata
+appear, will be overwhelmed by the terrible tragedy in their lives, in
+comparison with which the worries of some crowned head or the money
+troubles of some powerful speculator will appear insignificant indeed.
+That which this master unfolds before us is no longer a plunge from
+heaven to hell; the entire life of these people is an Inferno. The
+terrible darkness and ignorance of these people, forced on them by the
+social misery of dull necessity, produces greater soul sensations in the
+spectator than the stilted tragedy of a Corneille. Those who witness a
+performance of Gerhart Hauptmann's "Hannele" and fail to be stirred by
+the grandeur and depth of that masterpiece, regardless of its petty
+poorhouse atmosphere, deserve to see nothing else than the "Wizard of
+Oz." And again is not the long thunderous march of hungry strikers in
+Zola's "Germinal" as awe-inspiring to those who feel the heart beat of
+our age even as the heroic deeds of Hannibal's warriors were to his
+contemporaries?
+
+The world stage ever represents a change of participants. The one who
+played the part of leading man in one century, may become a clown in
+another. Entire social classes and casts that formerly commanded first
+parts, are to-day utilized to make up stage decorations or as
+figurantes. Plays representing the glory of knighthood or minnesingers
+would only amuse to-day, no matter how serious they were intended to
+appear. Once anything lies buried under the bulk of social changes, it
+can affect coming generations only so far as the excavated skeleton
+affects the geologist. This must be borne in mind by sincere stage art,
+if it is not to remain in the stifling atmosphere of tradition, if it
+does not wish to degrade a noble method, that helps to recognize and
+disclose all that is rich and deep in the human into a commonplace,
+hypocritical and stupid method. If the artist's creation is to have any
+effect, it must contain elements of real life, and must turn its gaze
+toward the dawn of the morn of a more beautiful and joyous world, with a
+new and healthy generation, that feels deeply its relationship with all
+human beings over the universe.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+In a report of the Russian government, it is stated that the conduct of
+the soldiers in the struggles of the streets was such, that in no
+instance did they transgress the limit which is prescribed to them in
+their oath as soldiers. This is true. The soldier's oath prescribes
+murder and cruelty as their patriotic duty.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+If government, were it even an ideal Revolutionary government, creates
+no new force and is of no use whatever in the work of demolition which
+we have to accomplish, still less can we count on it for the work of
+reorganization which must follow that of demolition. The economic change
+which will result from the Social Revolution will be so immense and so
+profound, it must so change all the relations based to-day on property
+and exchange, that it is impossible for one or any individual to
+elaborate the different social forms, which must spring up in the
+society of the future. This elaboration of new social forms can only be
+made by the collective work of the masses. To satisfy the immense
+variety of conditions and needs which will spring up as soon as private
+property shall be abolished, it is necessary to have the collective
+suppleness of mind of the whole people. Any authority external to it
+will only be an obstacle, only a trammel on the organic labor which must
+be accomplished, and beside that a source of discord and hatred.
+
+                                                          Kropotkine.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY.--POLICE PROTECTION.
+
+
+Chicago's pride are the stockyards, the Standard Oil University, and
+Miss Jane Addams. It is, therefore, perfectly natural that the
+sensibility of such a city would suffer as soon as it became known that
+an obscure person, by the common name of E. G. Smith, was none other
+than the awful Emma Goldman, and that she had not even presented herself
+to Mayor Dunne, the platonic lover of Municipal Ownership. However, not
+much harm came of it.
+
+The Chicago newspapers, who cherish the truth like a costly jewel, made
+the discovery that the shrewd Miss Smith compromised a number of
+Chicago's aristocracy and excellencies, among others also Baron von
+Schlippenbach, consul of the Russian Empire. We consider it our duty to
+defend this gentleman against such an awful accusation. Miss Smith never
+visited the house of the Baron, nor did she attend any of his banquets.
+We know her well and feel confident that she never would put her foot on
+the threshold of a representative of a government that crushes every
+free breath, every free word; that sends her very best and noblest sons
+and daughters to prison or the gallows; that has the children of the
+soil, the peasants, publicly flogged; and that is responsible for the
+barbarous slaughter of thousands of Jews.
+
+Miss Jane Addams, too, is quite safe from Miss Smith. True, she invited
+her to be present at a reception, but, knowing the weak knees of the
+soup kitchen philanthropy from past experience, Miss Smith called her up
+on the 'phone and told her that E. G. S. was the dreaded Emma Goldman.
+It must have been quite a shock to the lady; after all, one cannot
+afford to hurt the sensibilities of society, so long as one has
+political and public aspirations. Miss E. G. Smith, being a strong
+believer in the prevention of cruelty, preferred to leave the purity of
+the Hull House untouched. After her return to New York, E. G. Smith sent
+Smith about its business, and started on a lecture tour in her own
+right, as Emma Goldman.
+
+CLEVELAND. Dear old friends and co-workers: The work you accomplished
+was splendid, also the comradely spirit of the young. But why spoil it
+by bad example of applying for protection from the city authorities? It
+does not behoove us, who neither believe in their right to prohibit free
+assembly, nor to permit it, to appeal to them. If the authorities choose
+to do either, they merely prove their autocracy. Those who love freedom
+must understand that it is even more distasteful to speak under police
+protection than it is to suffer under their persecution. However, the
+meetings were very encouraging and the feeling of solidarity sweet and
+refreshing.
+
+BUFFALO. The shadow of September 6 still haunts the police of that city.
+Their only vision of an Anarchist is one who is forever lying in wait
+for human life, which is, of course, very stupid; but stupidity and
+authority always join forces. Capt. Ward, who, with a squad of police,
+came to save the innocent citizens of Buffalo, asked if we knew the law,
+and was quite surprised that that was not our trade; that we had not
+been employed to disentangle the chaos of the law,--that it was his
+affair to know the law. However, the Captain showed himself absolutely
+ignorant of the provisions of the American Constitution. Of course, his
+superiors knew what they were about when they set the Constitution
+aside, as old and antiquated, and, instead, enacted a law which gives
+the average officer a right to invade the head and heart of a man, as to
+what he thinks and feels. Capt. Ward added an amendment to the
+anti-Anarchist law. He declared any other language than English a
+felony, and, since Max Baginski could only avail himself of the German
+language, he was not permitted to speak. How is that for our law-abiding
+citizens? A man is brutally prevented from speaking, because he does not
+know the refined English language of the police force.
+
+Emma Goldman delivered her address in English. It is not likely that
+Capt. Ward understood enough of that language. However, the audience
+did, and if the police of this country were not so barefaced, the
+saviour of Buffalo would have wished himself anywhere rather than to
+stand exposed as a clown before a large gathering of men and women.
+
+The meeting the following evening was forcibly dispersed before the
+speakers had arrived. Ignorance is always brutal when it is backed by
+power.
+
+TORONTO. King Edward Hotel, Queen Victoria Manicuring Parlor. It was
+only when we read these signs that we realized that we were on the soil
+of the British Empire.
+
+However, the monarchical authorities of Canada were more hospitable and
+much freer than those of our free Republic. Not a sign of an officer at
+any of the meetings.
+
+The city? A gray sky, rain, storms. Altogether one was reminded of one
+of Heine's witty, drastic criticisms in reference to a well-known German
+university town. "Dogs on the street," Heine writes, "implore strangers
+to kick them, so that they may have some change from the awful monotony
+and dulness."
+
+ROCHESTER. The neighborly influence of the Buffalo police seems to have
+had a bad effect upon the mental development of the Rochester
+authorities. The hall was packed with officers at both meetings. The
+government of Rochester, however, was not saved--the police kept
+themselves in good order. Some of them seem to have benefited by the
+lectures. That accounts for the familiarity of one of Rochester's
+"finest," who wanted to shake Emma Goldman's hand. E. G. had to decline.
+Baron von Schlippenbach or an American representative of law and
+disorder,--where is the difference?
+
+SYRACUSE. The city where the trains run through the streets. With
+Tolstoy, one feels that civilization is a crime and a mistake, when one
+sees nerve-wrecking machines running through the streets, poisoning the
+atmosphere with soft coal smoke.
+
+What! Anarchists within the walls of Syracuse? O horror! The newspapers
+reported of special session at City Hall, how to meet the terrible
+calamity.
+
+Well, Syracuse still stands on its old site. The second meeting,
+attended largely by "genuine" Americans, brought by curiosity perhaps,
+was very successful. We were assured that the lecture made a splendid
+impression, which led us to think that we probably were guilty of some
+foolishness, as the Greek philosopher, when his lectures were applauded,
+would turn to his hearers and ask, "Gentlemen, have I committed some
+folly?"
+
+Au revoir.
+                                                      E. G. and M. B.
+
+
+
+
+THE MORAL DEMAND.
+
+A COMEDY, IN ONE ACT, BY OTTO ERICH HARTLEBEN.
+
+Translated from the German for "Mother Earth."
+
+
+CAST.
+
+RITA REVERA, concert singer.
+
+FRIEDRICH STIERWALD, owner of firm of "C. W. Stierwald Sons" in
+Rudolstadt.
+
+BERTHA, Rita's maid.
+
+_Time._--End of the nineteenth century.
+
+_Place._--A large German fashionable bathing resort.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Scene.--_Rita's boudoir. Small room elegantly furnished in Louis XVI.
+style. In the background, a broad open door, with draperies, which leads
+into an antechamber. To the right, a piano, in front of which stands a
+large, comfortable stool._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RITA (_enters the antechamber attired in an elaborate ball toilette. She
+wears a gray silk cloak, a lace fichu, and a parasol. Gaily tripping
+toward the front, she sings_): "Les envoyées du paradis sont les
+mascottes, mes amis...." (_She lays the parasol on the table and takes
+off her long white gloves, all the while singing the melody. She
+interrupts herself and calls aloud_) Bertha! Bertha! (_Sings_) O
+Bertholina, O Bertholina!
+
+BERTHA (_walks through the middle_): My lady, your pleasure?
+
+(_Rita has taken off her cloak and stands in front of the mirror. She is
+still humming the melody absentmindedly_).
+
+(_Bertha takes off Rita's wraps._)
+
+RITA (_turns around merrily_): Tell me, Bertha, why does not the
+electric bell ring? I must always sing first, must always squander all
+my flute notes first ere I can entice you to come. What do you suppose
+that costs? With that I can immediately arrange another charity matinée.
+Terrible thing, isn't it?
+
+BERTHA: Yes. The man has not yet repaired it.
+
+RITA: O, Bertholina, _why_ has the man not yet repaired it?
+
+BERTHA: Yes. The man intended to come early in the morning.
+
+RITA: The man has often wanted to do so. He does not seem to possess a
+strong character. (_She points to her cloak_) Dust it well before
+placing it in the wardrobe. The dust is simply terrible in this place
+... and this they call a fresh-air resort. Has anybody called?
+
+BERTHA: Yes, my lady, the Count. He has----
+
+RITA: Well, yes; I mean anyone else?
+
+BERTHA: No. No one.
+
+RITA: Hm! Let me have my dressing gown.
+
+(_Bertha goes to the sleeping chamber to the left._)
+
+RITA (_steps in front of the mirror, singing softly_): "Les envoyées du
+paradis...." (_Suddenly raising her voice, she asks Bertha_) How long
+did he wait?
+
+BERTHA: What?
+
+RITA: I would like to know how long he waited.
+
+BERTHA: An hour.
+
+RITA (_to herself_): He does not love me any more. (_Loudly_) But during
+that time he might have at least repaired the bell. He is of no use
+whatever. (_She laughs._)
+
+BERTHA: The Count came directly from the matinée and asked me where your
+ladyship had gone to dine. Naturally I did not know.
+
+RITA: Did he ask--anything else?
+
+BERTHA: No, he looked at the photographs.
+
+RITA (_in the door_): Well? And does he expect to come again to-day?
+
+BERTHA: Yes, certainly. At four o'clock.
+
+RITA (_looks at the clock_): Oh, but that's boring. Now it is already
+half-past three. One cannot even drink coffee in peace. Hurry, Bertha,
+prepare the coffee.
+
+(_Bertha leaves the room, carrying the articles of attire._)
+
+(_Rita, after a pause, singing a melancholy melody._)
+
+(_Friedrich Stierwald, a man very carefully dressed in black, about
+thirty years of age, with a black crêpe around his stiff hat, enters
+from the rear into the antechamber, followed by Bertha._)
+
+BERTHA: But the lady is not well.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Please tell the lady that I am passing through here, and that
+I must speak with her about a very pressing matter. It is absolutely
+necessary. Please! (_He gives her money and his card._)
+
+BERTHA: Yes, I shall take your card, but I fear she will not receive
+you.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Why not? O, yes! Just go----
+
+BERTHA: This morning she sang at a charity matinée and so----
+
+FRIEDRICH: I know, I know. Listen! (_Rita's singing has grown louder_)
+Don't you hear how she sings? Oh, do go!
+
+BERTHA (_shaking her head_): Well, then--wait a moment. (_She passes
+through the room to the half-opened door of the sleeping apartment,
+knocks_) Dear lady!
+
+RITA (_from within_): Well? What's the matter?
+
+BERTHA (_at the door_): Oh, this gentleman here--he wishes to see you
+very much. He is passing through here.
+
+RITA (_within; laughs_): Come in.
+
+(_Bertha disappears._)
+
+(_Friedrich has walked up to the middle door, where he remains
+standing._)
+
+RITA: Well. Who is it? Friedrich---- Hmm---- I shall come immediately.
+
+BERTHA (_comes out and looks at Friedrich in surprise_): My lady wishes
+you to await her. (_She walks away, after having taken another glance at
+Friedrich._)
+
+(_Friedrich looks about embarrassed and shyly._)
+
+(_Rita enters attired in a tasteful dressing gown, but remains standing
+in the door._)
+
+FRIEDRICH (_bows; softly_): Good day.
+
+(_Rita looks at him with an ironical smile and remains silent._)
+
+FRIEDRICH: You remember me? Don't you?
+
+RITA (_quietly_): Strange. You--come to see me? What has become of your
+good training? (_Laughs._) Have you lost all sense of shame?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_stretches out his hand, as if imploring_): Oh, I beg of you,
+I beg of you; not this tone! I really came to explain everything to you,
+everything. And possibly to set things aright.
+
+RITA: You--with me! (_She shakes her head._) Incredible! But, please,
+since you are here, sit down. With what can you serve me?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_seriously_): Miss Hattenbach, I really should----
+
+RITA (_lightly_): Pardon me, my name is Revera. Rita Revera.
+
+FRIEDRICH: I know that you call yourself by that name now. But you won't
+expect me, an old friend of your family, to make use of this romantic,
+theatrical name. For me you are now, as heretofore, the daughter of the
+esteemed house of Hattenbach, with which I----
+
+RITA (_quickly and sharply_): With which your father transacts business,
+I know.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_with emphasis_): With which I now am myself associated.
+
+RITA: Is it possible? And your father?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_seriously_): If I had the slightest inkling of your address,
+yes, even your present name, I should not have missed to announce to you
+the sudden death of my father.
+
+RITA (_after pause_): Oh, he is dead. I see you still wear mourning. How
+long ago is it?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Half a year. Since then I am looking for you, and I hope you
+will not forbid me to address you now, as of yore, with that name, which
+is so highly esteemed in our native city.
+
+RITA (_smiling friendly_): Your solemnity--is delightful. Golden! But
+sit down.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_remains standing; he is hurt_): I must confess, Miss
+Hattenbach, that I was not prepared for such a reception from you. I
+hoped that I might expect, after these four or five years, that you
+would receive me differently than with this--with this--how shall I say?
+
+RITA: Toleration.
+
+FRIEDRICH: No, with this arrogance.
+
+RITA: How?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_controlling himself_): I beg your pardon. I am sorry to have
+said that.
+
+RITA (_after a pause, hostile_): You wish to be taken seriously? (_She
+sits down, with a gesture of the hand_) Please, what have you to say to
+me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Much. Oh, very much. (_He also sits down._) But--you are not
+well to-day?
+
+RITA: Not well? What makes you say so?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes, the maid told me so.
+
+RITA: The maid--she is a useful person. That makes me think. You
+certainly expect to stay here some time, do you not?
+
+FRIEDRICH: With your permission. I have much to tell you.
+
+RITA: I thought so. (_Calling loudly_) Bertha! Bertha! Do you suppose
+one could get an electric bell repaired here? Impossible.
+
+BERTHA (_enters_): My lady?
+
+RITA: Bertha, when the Count comes--now I am really sick.
+
+BERTHA (_nods_): Very well. (_She leaves._)
+
+RITA (_calls after her_): And where is the coffee? I shall famish.
+
+BERTHA (_outside_): Immediately.
+
+FRIEDRICH: The--the Count--did you say?
+
+RITA: Yes, quite a fine fellow otherwise, but--would not fit in now. I
+wanted to say: I am passionately fond of electric bells. You know they
+have a fabulous charm for me. One only needs to touch them softly, ever
+so softly, with the small finger, and still cause a terrible noise.
+Fine--is it not? You wanted to talk about serious matters. It seems so
+to me.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes. And I beg of you, Miss Erna----
+
+RITA: Erna?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna!
+
+RITA: Oh, well!
+
+FRIEDRICH (_continuing_): I beg of you; be really and truly serious.
+Yes? Listen to what I have to say to you. Be assured that it comes from
+an honest, warm heart. During the years in which I have not seen you, I
+have grown to be a serious man--perhaps, too serious for my age--but my
+feelings for you have remained young, quite young. Do you hear me, Erna?
+
+RITA (_leaning back in the rocking chair, with a sigh_): I hear.
+
+FRIEDRICH: And you know, Erna, how I have always loved you from my
+earliest youth, yes, even sooner than I myself suspected. You know that,
+yes?
+
+(_Rita is silent and does not look at him_.)
+
+FRIEDRICH: When I was still a foolish schoolboy I already called you my
+betrothed, and I could not but think otherwise than that I would some
+day call you my wife. You certainly know that, don't you?
+
+RITA (_reserved_): Yes, I know it.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, then you ought to be able to understand what dreadful
+feelings overcame me when I discovered, sooner than you or the world,
+the affection of my father for you. That was--no, you cannot grasp it.
+
+RITA (_looks at him searchingly_): Sooner than I and all the world?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Oh, a great deal sooner ... that was.... That time was the
+beginning of the hardest innermost struggles for me. What was I to do?
+(_He sighs deeply_.) Ah, Miss Erna, we people are really----
+
+RITA: Yes, yes.
+
+FRIEDRICH: We are dreadfully shallow-minded. How seldom one of us can
+really live as he would like to. Must we not always and forever consider
+others--and our surroundings?
+
+RITA: Must?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, yes, we do so, at least. And when it is our own father!
+For, look here, Erna, I never would have been able to oppose my father!
+I was used, as you well know, from childhood to always look up to my
+father with the greatest respect. He used to be severe, my father, proud
+and inaccessible, but--if I may be permitted to say so, he was an
+excellent man.
+
+RITA: Well?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_eagerly_): Yes, indeed! You must remember that it was he
+alone who established our business by means of his powerful energy and
+untiring diligence. Only now I myself have undertaken the management of
+the establishment. I am able to see what an immense work he has
+accomplished.
+
+RITA (_simply_): Yes, he was an able business man.
+
+FRIEDRICH: In every respect! Ability personified, and he had grown to be
+fifty-two years of age and was still, still--how shall I say?
+
+RITA: Still able.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, yes; I mean a vigorous man in his best years. For
+fifteen years he had been a widower, he had worked, worked unceasingly,
+and then--the house was well established--he could think of placing some
+of the work upon younger shoulders. He could think of enjoying his life
+once more.
+
+RITA (_softly_): That is----
+
+FRIEDRICH (_continuing_): And he thought he had found, in you, the one
+who would bring back to him youth and the joy of life.
+
+RITA (_irritated_): Yes, but then you ought to--(_Breaks off._) Oh, it
+is not worth while.
+
+FRIEDRICH: How? I should have been man enough to say: No, I forbid it;
+that is a folly of age. I, your son, forbid it. I demand her for myself.
+The young fortune is meant for me--not for you?----No, Erna, I could
+not do that. I could not do that.
+
+RITA: No.
+
+FRIEDRICH: I, the young clerk, with no future before me!
+
+RITA: No!
+
+FRIEDRICH: My entire training and my conceptions urged me to consider it
+my duty to simply stand aside and stifle my affection, as I did--as I
+already told you even before any other person had an idea of the
+intentions of my father. I gradually grew away from you.
+
+RITA (_amused_): Gradually--yes, I recollect. You suddenly became
+formal. Indeed, very nice!
+
+FRIEDRICH: I thought----
+
+(_Bertha comes with the coffee and serves._)
+
+RITA: Will you take a cup with me?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_thoughtlessly_): I thought----(_Correcting himself_) pardon
+me! I thank you!
+
+RITA: I hope it will not disturb you if I drink my coffee while you
+continue.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Please (_embarrassed_). I thought it a proper thing. I hoped
+that my cold and distant attitude would check a possible existing
+affection for me.
+
+RITA: Possible existing affection! Fie! Now you are beginning to lie!
+(_She jumps up and walks nervously through the room._) As though you had
+not positively known that! (_Stepping in front of him_) Or what did you
+take me for when I kissed you?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_very much frightened, also rises_): O, Erna, I always----
+
+RITA (_laughs_): You are delightful! Delightful! Still the same bashful
+boy--who does not dare--(_she laughs and sits down again_.) Delightful.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_after a silence, hesitatingly_): Well, are you going to
+allow me to call you Erna again, as of yore?
+
+RITA: As of yore. (_She sighs, then gaily_) If you care to.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_happy_): Yes? May I?
+
+RITA (_heartily_): O, yes, Fritz. That's better, isn't it? It sounds
+more natural, eh?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_presses her hand and sighs_): Yes, really. You take a heavy
+load from me. Everything that I want to say to you can be done so much
+better in the familiar tone.
+
+RITA: Oh! Have you still so much to say to me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well--but now tell me first: how was it possible for you to
+undertake such a step. What prompted you to leave so suddenly? Erna,
+Erna, how could you do that?
+
+RITA (_proudly_): How I could? Can you ask me that? Do you really not
+know it?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_softly_): Oh, yes; I do know it, but--it takes so much to do
+that.
+
+RITA: Not more than was in me.
+
+FRIEDRICH: One thing I must confess to you, although it was really bad
+of me. But I knew no way out of it. I felt relieved after you had gone.
+
+RITA: Well, then, that was _your_ heroism.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Do not misunderstand me. I knew my father had----
+
+RITA: Yes, yes--but do not talk about it any more.
+
+FRIEDRICH: You are right. It was boyish of me. It did not last long, and
+then I mourned for you--not less than your parents. Oh, Erna! If you
+would see your parents now. They have aged terribly. Your father has
+lost his humor altogether, and is giving full vent to his old passion
+for red wine. Your mother is always ailing, hardly ever leaves the
+house, and both, even though they never lose a word about it, cannot
+reconcile themselves to the thought that their only child left them.
+
+RITA (_after a pause, awakens from her meditation, harshly_): Perhaps
+you were sent by my father?
+
+FRIEDRICH: No--why?
+
+RITA: Then I would show you the door.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna!
+
+RITA: A man, who ventured to pay his debts with me----
+
+FRIEDRICH: How so; what do you mean?
+
+RITA: Oh--let's drop that. Times were bad. But to-day the house of
+Hattenbach enjoys its good old standing, as you say, and has overcome
+the crisis. Then your father must have had some consideration--without
+me. Well, then.----And Rudolstadt still stands--on the old spot. That's
+the main thing. But now let us talk about something else, I beg of you.
+
+FRIEDRICH: No, no, Erna. What you allude to, that----do you really
+believe my father had----
+
+RITA: Your father had grown used to buy and attain everything in life
+through money. Why not buy me also? And he had already received the
+promise--not from me, but from my father. But I am free! I ran away and
+am my own mistress! (_With haughtiness._) A young girl, all alone! Down
+with the gang!
+
+(_Friedrich is silent and holds his head._)
+
+RITA (_steps up to him and touches his shoulder, in a friendly manner_):
+Don't be sad. At that time your father was the stronger, and----Life is
+not otherwise. After all, one must assert oneself.
+
+FRIEDRICH: But he robbed you of your happiness.
+
+RITA (_jovially_): Who knows? It is just as well.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_surprised_): Is that possible? Do you call that happiness,
+this being alone?
+
+RITA: Yes. That is MY happiness--my freedom, and I love it with
+jealousy, for I fought for it myself.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_bitterly_): A great happiness! Outside of family ties,
+outside the ranks of respectable society.
+
+RITA (_laughs aloud, but without bitterness_): Respectable society! Yes.
+I fled from that--thank Heaven. (_harshly_) But if you do not come in
+the name of my father, what do you want here? Why do you come? For what
+purpose? What do you want of me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna, you ask that in a strange manner.
+
+RITA: Well, yes. I have a suspicion that you--begrudge me my liberty.
+How did you find me, anyway?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes, that was hard enough.
+
+RITA: Rita Revera is not so unknown.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Rita Revera! Oh, no! How often I have read that name these
+last years--in the newspapers in Berlin, on various placards, in large
+letters. But how could I ever have thought that you were meant by it?
+
+RITA (_laughs_): Why did you not go to the "Winter Garden" when you were
+in Berlin?
+
+FRIEDRICH: I never frequent such places.
+
+RITA: Pardon me! Oh, I always forget the old customs.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Oh, please, please, dear Erna; not in this tone of voice!
+
+RITA: Which tone?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna! Do not make matters so difficult for me. See, after I
+had finally discovered, through an agency in Berlin, and after hunting a
+long time, that you were the famous Revera, I was terribly shocked at
+first, terribly sad, and, for a moment, I thought of giving up
+everything. My worst fears were over. I had the assurance that you lived
+in good, and as I now see, in comfortable circumstances. But, on the
+other hand, I had to be prepared that you might have grown estranged to
+the world in which I live--that we could hardly understand each other.
+
+RITA: Hm! Shall I tell you what was your ideal--how you would have liked
+to find me again? As a poor seamstress, in an attic room, who, during
+the four years, had lived in hunger and need--but respectably, that is
+the main point. Then you would have stretched forth your kind arms, and
+the poor, pale little dove would have gratefully embraced you. Will you
+deny that you have imagined it thus and even wished for it?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_looks at her calmly_): Well, is there anything wrong about
+it?
+
+RITA: But how did it happen that, regardless of this, of this
+disappointment, you, nevertheless, continued to search for me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Thank goodness, at the right moment I recollected your clear,
+silvery, childlike laughter. Right in the midst of my petty scruples it
+resounded in my ears, as at the time when you ridiculed my gravity. Do
+you still remember that time, Erna?
+
+(_Rita is silent._)
+
+BERTHA (_enters with an enormous bouquet of dark red roses_): My
+lady--from the Count.
+
+RITA (_jumps up, nervously excited_): Roses! My dark roses! Give them to
+me! Ah! (_She holds them toward Friedrich and asks_) Did he say
+anything?
+
+BERTHA: No, said nothing, but----
+
+FRIEDRICH (_shoves the bouquet, which she holds up closely to his face,
+aside_): I thank you.
+
+RITA (_without noticing him, to Bertha_): Well?
+
+BERTHA (_pointing to the bouquet_): The Count has written something on a
+card.
+
+RITA: His card? Where? (_She searches among the flowers_) Oh, here!
+(_She reads; then softly to Bertha_) It is all right.
+
+(_Bertha leaves_.)
+
+RITA (_reads again_): "Pour prendre congé." (_With an easy sigh_) Yes,
+yes.
+
+FRIEDRICH: What is the matter?
+
+RITA: Sad! His education was hardly half finished and he already
+forsakes me.
+
+FRIEDRICH: What do you mean? I do not understand you at all.
+
+RITA (_her mind is occupied_): Too bad. Now he'll grow entirely stupid.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_rises importantly_): Erna, answer me. What relationship
+existed between you and the Count?
+
+RITA (_laughs_): What business is that of yours?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_solemnly_): Erna! Whatever it might have been, this will not
+do any longer.
+
+RITA (_gaily_): No, no; you see it is already ended.
+
+FRIEDRICH: No, Erna, that must all be ended. You must get out of all
+this--entirely--and forever.
+
+RITA (_looks at him surprised and inquiringly_): Hm! Strange person.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_grows more eager and walks up and down in the room_): Such a
+life is immoral. You must recognize it. Yes, and I forbid you to live on
+in this fashion. I have the right to demand it of you.
+
+RITA (_interrupts him sharply_): Demand? You demand something of me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes, indeed, demand! Not for me--no--in the name of morals.
+That which I ask of you is simply a moral demand, do you understand, a
+moral demand, which must be expected of every woman.
+
+RITA: "Must!" And why?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Because--because--because--well, dear me--because--otherwise
+everything will stop!
+
+RITA: What will stop? Life?
+
+FRIEDRICH: No, but morals.
+
+RITA: Ah, I thank you. Now I understand you. One must be moral
+because--otherwise morality will stop.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Why, yes. That is very simple.
+
+RITA: Yes--now, please, what would I have to do in order to fulfill your
+demand? I am curious like a child now, and shall listen obediently.
+(_She sits down again._)
+
+FRIEDRICH (_also sits down and grasps her hand, warmly_): Well, see, my
+dear Erna, everything can still be undone. In Rudolstadt everybody
+believes you are in England with relatives. Even if you have never been
+there----
+
+RITA: Often enough. My best engagements.
+
+FRIEDRICH: So much the better. Then you certainly speak English?
+
+RITA: Of course.
+
+FRIEDRICH: And you are acquainted with English customs. Excellent. Oh,
+Erna. Your father will be pleased, he once confessed to me, when he had
+a little too much wine. You know him: he grows sentimental then.
+
+RITA (_to herself_): They are all that way.
+
+FRIEDRICH: How?
+
+RITA: Oh, nothing. Please continue. Well--I could come back?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Certainly! Fortunately, during these last years, since you
+have grown so famous, nobody has----
+
+RITA: I have grown notorious only within a year.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, most likely nobody in Rudolstadt has ever seen you on
+the boards. In one word, you _must_ return.
+
+RITA: From England?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes, nothing lies in the way. And your mother will be
+overjoyed.
+
+RITA: Nay, nay.
+
+FRIEDRICH: How well that you have taken a different name.
+
+RITA: Ah, that is it. Yes, I believe that. Then they know that I am Rita
+Revera.
+
+FRIEDRICH: I wrote them. They will receive you with open arms. Erna! I
+beg of you! I entreat you; come with me! It is still time. To-day. You
+cannot know, but anybody from Rudolstadt who knows might come to the
+theatre and----
+
+RITA (_decidedly_): No one from Rudolstadt will do that. They are too
+well trained for that. You see it by your own person. But go on! If I
+would care to, if I really would return--what then?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Then? Well, then, you would be in the midst of the family and
+society again--and then----
+
+RITA: And then?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Then, after some time has elapsed and you feel at home and
+when all is forgotten, as though nothing had ever happened----
+
+RITA: But a great deal has happened.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna, you must not take me for such a Philistine that I would
+mind that. At heart I am unprejudiced. No, really, I know (_softly_) my
+own fault, and I know Life. I know very well, and I cannot ask it of
+you, that you, in a career like yours, you----
+
+RITA: Hm?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, that you should have remained entirely faultless. And I
+do not ask it of you either.
+
+RITA: You do well at that.
+
+FRIEDRICH: I mean, whatever has happened within these four years--lies
+beyond us, does not concern me--but shall not concern you any longer
+either. Rita Revera has ceased to be--Erna Hattenbach returns to her
+family.
+
+RITA: Lovely, very lovely. Hm!--but then, what then? Shall I start a
+cooking school?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_with a gentle reproach_): But, Erna! Don't you understand
+me? Could you think of anything else than---- Of course, I shall marry
+you then.
+
+(_Rita looks at him puzzled._)
+
+FRIEDRICH: But that is self-evident. Why should I have looked you up
+otherwise? Why should I be here? But, dear Erna, don't look so stunned.
+
+RITA (_still stares at him_): "Simply--marry." Strange. (_She turns
+around towards the open piano, plays and sings softly_) Farilon, farila,
+farilette.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_has risen_): Erna! Do not torment me!
+
+RITA: Torment? No. That would not be right. You are a good fellow. Give
+me a kiss. (_She rises._)
+
+FRIEDRICH (_embraces and kisses her_): My Erna! Oh, you have grown so
+much prettier! So much prettier!
+
+(_Rita leans her head on his shoulder._)
+
+FRIEDRICH: But now come. Let us not lose one moment.
+
+(_Rita does not move_.)
+
+FRIEDRICH: If possible let everything be.... Come! (_He pushes her with
+gentle force_) You cry?
+
+RITA (_hastily wipes the tears from her eyes, controls herself_): O,
+nonsense. Rita Revera does not cry--she laughs. (_Laughs forcedly._)
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna, do not use that name. I do not care to hear it again!
+
+RITA: Oh--you do not want to hear it any more. You would like to command
+me. You come here and assume that that which life and hard times have
+made of me you can wipe out in a half hour! No! You do not know life and
+know nothing of me. (_Harshly_) My name is Revera, and I shall not marry
+a merchant from Rudolstadt.
+
+FRIEDRICH: How is that? You still hesitate?
+
+RITA: Do I look as though I hesitated? (_She steps up closer to him._)
+Do you know, Fred, that during the years after my escape I often went
+hungry, brutally hungry? Do you know that I ran about in the most
+frightful dives, with rattling plate, collecting pennies and insults? Do
+you know what it means to humiliate oneself for dry bread? You see; that
+has been my school. Do you understand that I had to become an entirely
+different person or go to ruin? One who owes everything to himself, who
+is proud of himself, but who no longer respects anything, above all, no
+conventional measures and weights? And do you understand, Fred, that it
+would be base on my part were I to follow you to the Philistine?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_after a pause, sadly_): No, I do not understand that.
+
+RITA (_again gaily_): I thought so. Shall I dread there every suspicion
+and tremble before every fool, whereas I can breathe free air, enjoy
+sunshine and the best conscience. You know that pretty part in the
+Walküre? (_She sings_):
+
+
+     "Greet Rudolstadt for me,
+     Greet my father and mother
+     And all the heroes....
+     I shall not follow you to them!"
+
+
+Now you know. (_She sits down at the piano again._)
+
+FRIEDRICH (_after silence_): Even if you have lived through hard times,
+that still does not give you the right to disregard the duties of morals
+and customs.
+
+RITA (_plays and sings_): "Farilon, farila, farilette--"
+
+FRIEDRICH: I cannot understand how you can refuse me, when I offer you
+the opportunity of returning to ordered circumstances.
+
+RITA: I do not love the "ordered" circumstances. On the contrary, I must
+have something to train.
+
+FRIEDRICH: And I? I shall never be anything to you any more? You thrust
+me also aside in your stubbornness.
+
+RITA: But not at all. Why?
+
+FRIEDRICH: How so? Did you not state just now that you would never marry
+a merchant from Rudolstadt.
+
+RITA: Certainly----
+
+FRIEDRICH: Do you see? You cannot be so cold and heartless towards me?
+(_Flattering_) Why did you kiss me before? I know you also yearn in your
+innermost heart for those times in which we secretly saw and found each
+other. You also, and, even if you deny it, I felt it before when you
+cried. (_Softly_) Erna! Come along, come along with me! Come! Become my
+dear wife!
+
+RITA (_looks at him quietly_): No, I shall not do such a thing.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_starts nervously; after a pause_): Erna! Is that your last
+word?
+
+RITA: Yes.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Consider well what you say!
+
+RITA: I know what I am about.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna! You want--to remain what you are?
+
+RITA: Yes. That's just what I want.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_remains for some time struggling, then grasps his hat_):
+Then--adieu! (_He hurries toward the left into the bedroom._)
+
+RITA (_calls smiling_): Halt! Not there.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_returns, confused_): Pardon me, I----
+
+RITA: Poor Fred, did you stray into my bedroom? There is the door.
+(_Long pause. Several times he tries to speak. She laughs gently. Then
+she sings and plays the song from "Mamselle Nitouche"_):
+
+
+     A minuit, après la fête,
+     Rev'naient Babet et Cadet;
+     Cristi! la nuit est complète,
+     Faut nous dépêcher, Babet.
+     Tâche d'en profiter, grosse bête!
+     Farilon, farila, farilette.
+     J'ai trop peur, disait Cadet--
+     J'ai pas peur, disait Babet--
+     Larirette, larire,
+     Larirette, larire.-- -- --
+
+
+(_Friedrich at first listens against his will, even makes a step toward
+the door. By and by he becomes fascinated and finally is charmed. When
+she finishes, he puts his stiff hat on the table and walks toward her
+with a blissful smile._)
+
+RITA: Now? You even smile? Did I impress you?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_drops down on his knees in front of her_): Oh, Erna, you are
+the most charming woman on earth. (_He kisses her hands wildly._)
+
+RITA (_stoops down to him, softly and merrily_): Why run away? Why? If
+you still love me, can you run off--you mule?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Oh, I'll remain--I remain with you.
+
+RITA: It was well that you missed the door.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Oh, Erna----
+
+RITA: But now you'll call me Rita--do you understand? Well? Are you
+going to--are you going to be good?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Rita! Rita! Everything you wish.
+
+RITA: Everything I wish. (_She kisses him._) And now tell me about your
+moral demand. Yes? You are delightful when you talk about it. So
+delightful.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Benj. R. Tucker
+
+Publisher and Bookseller
+
+has opened a Book Store at
+
+225 Fourth Ave., Room 13, New York City
+
+
+Here will be carried, ultimately, the most complete line of advanced
+literature to be found anywhere in the world. More than one thousand
+titles in the English language already in stock. A still larger stock,
+in foreign languages, will be put in gradually. A full catalogue will be
+ready soon of the greatest interest to all those in search of the
+literature.
+
+
+     Which, in morals, leads away from superstition,
+     Which, in politics, leads away from government, and
+     Which, in art, leads away from Tradition.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"LIBERTY"
+
+BENJ. R. TUCKER, Editor
+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, edited by Emma Goldman.
+    </title>
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+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, April 1906, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, April 1906
+       Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Emma Goldman
+
+Release Date: November 1, 2008 [EBook #27118]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MOTHER EARTH, APRIL 1906 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Fritz Ohrenschall, Martin Pettit and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class = "mynote tbrk"><p class="center">Transcriber's Note:<br /><br />
+Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i"></a>[<a href="images/001.png">i</a>]</span></p>
+
+<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/titlepage.jpg" width='438' height='700' alt="MOTHER EARTH EMMA GOLDMAN, Publisher 10c. a Copy P. O. Box 217 Madison Sq. Station, N. Y. Office: 210 EAST 13th STREET, NEW YORK CITY" /></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii"></a>[<a href="images/002.png">ii</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep15.jpg" width='25' height='22' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<table class="tbrk" summary="CONTENTS">
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="right">PAGE</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>"To the Generation Knocking at the Door"</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smaller">JOHN DAVIDSON</span></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>Observations and Comments</b></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_2">2</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>The Child and Its Enemies</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smaller">EMMA GOLDMAN</span> &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp; </td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>Hope and Fear</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smaller">L. I. PERETZ</span></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>John Most</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smaller">M. B.</span></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>Civilization in Africa</b></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>Our Purpose</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smaller">MARY HANSEN</span></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>Marriage and the Home</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smaller">JOHN R. CORYELL</span></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>The Modern Newspaper</b></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>A Visit to Sing Sing</b></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>The Old and the New Drama</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smaller">MAX BAGINSKI</span></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>A Sentimental Journey.&mdash;Police Protection</b></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>The Moral Demand</b> &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="smaller">OTTO ERICH HARTLEBEN</span></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>Advertisements</b></td>
+    <td class="right"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a>[<a href="images/003.png">1</a>]</span></p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/me12header.jpg" width='700' height='347' alt="10c. A COPY $1.00 PER YEAR Mother Earth Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature
+Published Every 15th of the Month EMMA GOLDMAN, Publisher, P. O. Box 217, Madison Square Station, New York, N. Y. Vol. I APRIL, 1906 No. 2" /></div>
+
+<h2>"TO THE GENERATION KNOCKING AT THE DOOR."</h2>
+
+<h3>By <span class="smcap">John Davidson.</span></h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div><i>Break&mdash;break it open; let the knocker rust;</i></div>
+<div><i>Consider no "shalt not," nor no man's "must";</i></div>
+<div><i>And, being entered, promptly take the lead,</i></div>
+<div><i>Setting aside tradition, custom, creed;</i></div>
+<div><i>Nor watch the balance of the huckster's beam;</i></div>
+<div><i>Declare your hardiest thought, your proudest dream;</i></div>
+<div><i>Await no summons; laugh at all rebuff;</i></div>
+<div><i>High hearts and you are destiny enough.</i></div>
+<div><i>The mystery and the power enshrined in you</i></div>
+<div><i>Are old as time and as the moment new;</i></div>
+<div><i>And none but you can tell what part you play,</i></div>
+<div><i>Nor can you tell until you make assay,</i></div>
+<div><i>For this alone, this always, will succeed,</i></div>
+<div><i>The miracle and magic of the deed.</i></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep10.jpg" width='80' height='46' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a>[<a href="images/004.png">2</a>]</span></p>
+
+<p class="tbrk">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h2>OBSERVATIONS AND COMMENTS.</h2>
+
+<p>Whoever severs himself from Mother Earth and her flowing sources of life
+goes into exile. A vast part of civilization has ceased to feel the deep
+relation with our mother. How they hasten and fall over one another, the
+many thousands of the great cities; how they swallow their food,
+everlastingly counting the minutes with cold hard faces; how they dwell
+packed together, close to one another, above and beneath, in dark gloomy
+stuffed holes, with dull hearts and insensitive heads, from the lack of
+space and air! Economic necessity causes such hateful pressure. Economic
+necessity? Why not economic stupidity? This seems a more appropriate
+name for it. Were it not for lack of understanding and knowledge, the
+necessity of escaping from the agony of an endless search for profit
+would make itself felt more keenly.</p>
+
+<p>Must the Earth forever be arranged like an ocean steamer, with large,
+luxurious rooms and luxurious food for a select few, and underneath in
+the steerage, where the great mass can barely breathe from dirt and the
+poisonous air? Neither unconquerable external nor internal necessity
+forces the human race to such life; that which keeps it in such
+condition are ignorance and indifference.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>Since Turgenieff wrote his "Fathers and Sons" and the "New Generation,"
+the appearance of the Revolutionary army in Russia has changed features.
+At that time only the intellectuals and college youths, a small coterie
+of idealists, who knew no distinction between class and caste, took part
+in the tremendous work of reconstruction. The revolutionist of those
+days had delicate white hands, lots of learning, &aelig;stheticism and a good
+portion of nervousness. He attempted to go among the people, but the
+people understood him not, for he did not speak the people's tongue. It
+was a great effort for most of those brave ones to overcome their
+disgust at the dirt and dense ignorance they met among the peasants, who
+absolutely lacked comprehension of new ideas; therefore, there could be
+no understanding between the intellectuals,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a>[<a href="images/005.png">3</a>]</span> who wanted to help, and the
+sufferers, who needed help. These two elements were brought in closer
+touch through industrialism. The Russian peasant, robbed of the means to
+remain on his soil, was driven into the large industrial centres, and
+there he learned to know those brave and heroic men and women who gave
+up their comfort and career in their efforts for the liberation of their
+people.</p>
+
+<p>These ideas that have undergone such great changes in Russia within the
+last decade should serve as good material for study for those who claim
+the Russian Revolution is dead.</p>
+
+<p>Nicholas Tchaykovsky, one of Russia's foremost workers in the
+revolutionary movement, and one who, through beauty of character,
+simplicity of soul and great strategical ability, has been the idol of
+the Russian revolutionary youth for many years, is here as the delegate
+of the Russian Revolutionary Socialist party, to raise funds for a new
+uprising. He was right when he said, at the meeting in Grand Central
+Palace, "The Russian Revolution will live until the decayed and cowardly
+regime of tyranny in Russia is rooted out of existence."</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>The French have a new President. Loubet was succeeded by Falli&egrave;res. The
+father of the new one was a great gormandizer of Pantagruelian
+dimensions. He died of overloading his stomach. The son made his career
+like a cautious upstart. He is well enough acquainted with himself to
+know that he is not a Machiavelli. Therefore, he does not boast of his
+sagacity, but rather of his integrity. A politician is irresistible to a
+crowd when he cries out to them: "My opponents express the suspicion
+that I am a numskull. I do not care to argue the point with them, but
+this I will say by the way of explanation, fellow citizens, that I am a
+thoroughly honest man to the very roots of my hair." By this method one
+can attain the presidency of a republic.</p>
+
+<p>As Secretary of the Interior, Falli&egrave;res caused the arrest of the
+Socialist poet, Clovis Hugues. At another<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a>[<a href="images/006.png">4</a>]</span> time he declared: "As long as
+I am in office, I will not tolerate the red flag on the open street."</p>
+
+<p>The French bourgeois have found in Falli&egrave;res their fitting man of straw
+for seven years.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>The only genuine Democrat of these times is Death. He does not admit of
+any class distinctions. He mows down a proletarian and a Marshall Field
+with the same scythe. How imperfectly the world is arranged. It should
+be possible to shift the bearing of children and the dying from the rich
+to the poor&mdash;for good pay, of course.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>Whosoever believes that the law is infallible and can bring about order
+in the chaotic social conditions, knows the curative effect of law to
+the minutest detail. The question how things might be improved is met
+with this reply: "All criminals should be caught in a net like fish and
+put away for safe keeping, so that society remains in the care of the
+righteous." Hallelujah!</p>
+
+<p>People with a capacity to judge for themselves think differently. Mr.
+Charlton T. Lewis, President of the National Prison Association,
+maintains:</p>
+
+<p>"Our county jails everywhere are the schools and colleges of crime. In
+the light of social science it were better for the world if every one of
+them were destroyed than that this work should be continued. Experience
+shows that the system of imprisonment of minor offenders for short terms
+is but a gigantic measure for the manufacture of criminals. Freedom, not
+confinement, is the natural state of man, and the only condition under
+which influences for reformation can have their full efficiency....
+Prison life is unnatural at best. Man is a social creature. Confinement
+tends to lower his consciousness of dignity and responsibility, to
+weaken the motives which govern his relations to his race, to impair the
+foundations of character and unfit him for independent life. To consign
+a man to prison is commonly to enrol him in the criminal class.... With
+all the solemnity and emphasis of which I am capable, I utter the
+profound conviction, after twenty years of constant study of our prison
+population, that more than nine-tenths of them ought never to have been
+confined."</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a>[<a href="images/007.png">5</a>]</span></p><p>Government and authority are responsible for the conditions in the
+western mining districts.</p>
+
+<p>Is not the existence of government considered as a necessity on the
+grounds that it is here to maintain peace, law and order? This is an
+oft-repeated song.</p>
+
+<p>Let us see how the government of Colorado has lived up to its calling
+within the last few years. It has permitted that the labor protective
+laws that have passed the legislature should be broken and trampled upon
+by the mine owners.</p>
+
+<p>The money powers care little for the eight-hour law, and when the mine
+workers insisted upon keeping that law, the authorities of Colorado
+immediately went to the rescue of the exploiters. Not only were police
+and soldiers let loose upon the Western Federation of Miners; but the
+government of Colorado permitted the mine owners to recruit an army to
+fight the labor organizations. Hirelings were formed into a so-called
+citizens' committee, that inaugurated a reign of terror. These legal
+lawbreakers invaded peaceful homes during the day and night, and those
+that were in the least suspected of belonging to or sympathizing with
+the Western Federation of Miners were torn out of bed, arrested and
+dragged off to the bull pen, or transported into the desert, without
+food or shelter, many miles from other living beings. Some of these
+victims were crippled for life and died as a result thereof.</p>
+
+<p>When it became known that the W. F. M. continued to stand erect,
+regardless of brutal attacks, it was decided to strike the last violent
+blow against it.</p>
+
+<p>Orchard, the man of honor, confessed, and the lawbreakers appealed to
+the law against Haywood, Moyer and Pettibone.</p>
+
+<p>This time the government did not hesitate. The eight-hour and protective
+labor law was too insignificant to enforce, but to bring the officers of
+the W. F. M. to account, that, of course, is the duty and the function
+of the State.</p>
+
+<p>There is not the slightest hope that the authorities who, for a number
+of years, have permitted the violation of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a>[<a href="images/008.png">6</a>]</span> law, will be put on
+trial, but the crime they have perpetrated is a weighty argument in
+favor of those who maintain that the State is not an independent
+institution, but a tool of the possessing class.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>Many radicals entertain the queer notion that they cannot arrange their
+own lives, according to their own ideas, but that they have to adapt
+themselves to the conditions they hate, and which they fight in theory
+with fire and sword.</p>
+
+<p>Anything rather than arouse too much public condemnation! The lives they
+lead are dependent upon the opinion of the Philistines. They are
+revolutionists in theory, reactionists in practice.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>The words of Louis XIV, "I am the State," have been taken up as a motto
+by the American policeman. One of the New York papers contains the
+following account:</p>
+
+<p>"In discharging some seventy prisoners in the Jefferson Market Police
+Court yesterday morning, the Magistrate said to the police in charge of
+the cases: 'I am amazed that you men should bring these prisoners before
+me without a shred of evidence on which they can be held.'"</p>
+
+<p>Such is the blessing of this republic. We are not confronted by one czar
+of the size of an elephant, but by a hundred thousand czars, as small as
+mosquitoes, but equally disagreeable and annoying.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>Friends of <span class="smcap">Mother Earth</span> in various Western cities have proposed a
+lecture tour in behalf of the magazine. So far I have heard from
+Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis and Chicago. Those of other cities who
+wish to have me lecture there, will please communicate with me as to
+dates at once. The tour is to begin May 12th and last for a month or six
+weeks.</p>
+
+<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Emma Goldman</span>,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+Box 217, Madison Square Station.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a>[<a href="images/009.png">7</a>]</span></p>
+
+<p class="tbrk">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h2>THE CHILD AND ITS ENEMIES.</h2>
+
+<h3>By <span class="smcap">Emma Goldman</span>.</h3>
+
+<p>Is the child to be considered as an individuality, or as an object to be
+moulded according to the whims and fancies of those about it? This seems
+to me to be the most important question to be answered by parents and
+educators. And whether the child is to grow from within, whether all
+that craves expression will be permitted to come forth toward the light
+of day; or whether it is to be kneaded like dough through external
+forces, depends upon the proper answer to this vital question.</p>
+
+<p>The longing of the best and noblest of our times makes for the strongest
+individualities. Every sensitive being abhors the idea of being treated
+as a mere machine or as a mere parrot of conventionality and
+respectability, the human being craves recognition of his kind.</p>
+
+<p>It must be borne in mind that it is through the channel of the child
+that the development of the mature man must go, and that the present
+ideas of the educating or training of the latter in the school and the
+family&mdash;even the family of the liberal or radical&mdash;are such as to stifle
+the natural growth of the child.</p>
+
+<p>Every institution of our day, the family, the State, our moral codes,
+sees in every strong, beautiful, uncompromising personality a deadly
+enemy; therefore every effort is being made to cramp human emotion and
+originality of thought in the individual into a straight-jacket from its
+earliest infancy; or to shape every human being according to one
+pattern; not into a well-rounded individuality, but into a patient work
+slave, professional automaton, tax-paying citizen, or righteous
+moralist. If one, nevertheless, meets with real spontaneity (which, by
+the way, is a rare treat,) it is not due to our method of rearing or
+educating the child: the personality often asserts itself, regardless of
+official and family barriers. Such a discovery should be celebrated as
+an unusual event, since the obstacles placed in the way of growth and
+development of character are so numerous that it must be considered a
+miracle if it retains its strength and beauty and survives the various
+attempts at crippling that which is most essential to it.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a>[<a href="images/010.png">8</a>]</span></p><p>Indeed, he who has freed himself from the fetters of the
+thoughtlessness and stupidity of the commonplace; he who can stand
+without moral crutches, without the approval of public opinion&mdash;private
+laziness, Friedrich Nietzsche called it&mdash;may well intone a high and
+voluminous song of independence and freedom; he has gained the right to
+it through fierce and fiery battles. These battles already begin at the
+most delicate age.</p>
+
+<p>The child shows its individual tendencies in its plays, in its
+questions, in its association with people and things. But it has to
+struggle with everlasting external interference in its world of thought
+and emotion. It must not express itself in harmony with its nature, with
+its growing personality. It must become a thing, an object. Its
+questions are met with narrow, conventional, ridiculous replies, mostly
+based on falsehoods; and, when, with large, wondering, innocent eyes, it
+wishes to behold the wonders of the world, those about it quickly lock
+the windows and doors, and keep the delicate human plant in a hothouse
+atmosphere, where it can neither breathe nor grow freely.</p>
+
+<p>Zola, in his novel "Fecundity," maintains that large sections of people
+have declared death to the child, have conspired against the birth of
+the child,&mdash;a very horrible picture indeed, yet the conspiracy entered
+into by civilization against the growth and making of character seems to
+me far more terrible and disastrous, because of the slow and gradual
+destruction of its latent qualities and traits and the stupefying and
+crippling effect thereof upon its social well-being.</p>
+
+<p>Since every effort in our educational life seems to be directed toward
+making of the child a being foreign to itself, it must of necessity
+produce individuals foreign to one another, and in everlasting
+antagonism with each other.</p>
+
+<p>The ideal of the average pedagogist is not a complete, well-rounded,
+original being; rather does he seek that the result of his art of
+pedagogy shall be automatons of flesh and blood, to best fit into the
+treadmill of society and the emptiness and dulness of our lives. Every
+home, school, college and university stands for dry, cold
+utilitarianism, overflooding the brain of the pupil with a tremendous
+amount of ideas, handed down from <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a>[<a href="images/011.png">9</a>]</span>generations past. "Facts and data,"
+as they are called, constitute a lot of information, well enough perhaps
+to maintain every form of authority and to create much awe for the
+importance of possession, but only a great handicap to a true
+understanding of the human soul and its place in the world.</p>
+
+<p>Truths dead and forgotten long ago, conceptions of the world and its
+people, covered with mould, even during the times of our grandmothers,
+are being hammered into the heads of our young generation. Eternal
+change, thousandfold variations, continual innovation are the essence of
+life. Professional pedagogy knows nothing of it, the systems of
+education are being arranged into files, classified and numbered. They
+lack the strong fertile seed which, falling on rich soil, enables them
+to grow to great heights, they are worn and incapable of awakening
+spontaneity of character. Instructors and teachers, with dead souls,
+operate with dead values. Quantity is forced to take the place of
+quality. The consequences thereof are inevitable.</p>
+
+<p>In whatever direction one turns, eagerly searching for human beings who
+do not measure ideas and emotions with the yardstick of expediency, one
+is confronted with the products, the herdlike drilling instead of the
+result of spontaneous and innate characteristics working themselves out
+in freedom.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div>"No traces now I see</div>
+<div>Whatever of a spirit's agency.</div>
+<div>'Tis drilling, nothing more."</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>These words of Faust fit our methods of pedagogy perfectly. Take, for
+instance, the way history is being taught in our schools. See how the
+events of the world become like a cheap puppet show, where a few
+wire-pullers are supposed to have directed the course of development of
+the entire human race.</p>
+
+<p>And the history of <i>our own</i> nation! Was it not chosen by Providence to
+become the leading nation on earth? And does it not tower mountain high
+over other nations? Is it not the gem of the ocean? Is it not
+incomparably virtuous, ideal and brave? The result of such ridiculous
+teaching is a dull, shallow patriotism, blind to its own<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a>[<a href="images/012.png">10</a>]</span> limitations,
+with bull-like stubbornness, utterly incapable of judging of the
+capacities of other nations. This is the way the spirit of youth is
+emasculated, deadened through an over-estimation of one's own value. No
+wonder public opinion can be so easily manufactured.</p>
+
+<p>"Predigested food" should be inscribed over every hall of learning as a
+warning to all who do not wish to lose their own personalities and their
+original sense of judgment, who, instead, would be content with a large
+amount of empty and shallow shells. This may suffice as a recognition of
+the manifold hindrances placed in the way of an independent mental
+development of the child.</p>
+
+<p>Equally numerous, and not less important, are the difficulties that
+confront the emotional life of the young. Must not one suppose that
+parents should be united to children by the most tender and delicate
+chords? One should suppose it; yet, sad as it may be, it is,
+nevertheless, true, that parents are the first to destroy the inner
+riches of their children.</p>
+
+<p>The Scriptures tell us that God created Man in His own image, which has
+by no means proven a success. Parents follow the bad example of their
+heavenly master; they use every effort to shape and mould the child
+according to their image. They tenaciously cling to the idea that the
+child is merely part of themselves&mdash;an idea as false as it is injurious,
+and which only increases the misunderstanding of the soul of the child,
+of the necessary consequences of enslavement and subordination thereof.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the first rays of consciousness illuminate the mind and heart
+of the child, it instinctively begins to compare its own personality
+with the personality of those about it. How many hard and cold stone
+cliffs meet its large wondering gaze? Soon enough it is confronted with
+the painful reality that it is here only to serve as inanimate matter
+for parents and guardians, whose authority alone gives it shape and
+form.</p>
+
+<p>The terrible struggle of the thinking man and woman against political,
+social and moral conventions owes its origin to the family, where the
+child is ever compelled to battle against the internal and external use
+of force. The categorical imperatives: You shall! you must! this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a>[<a href="images/013.png">11</a>]</span> is
+right! that is wrong! this is true! that is false! shower like a violent
+rain upon the unsophisticated head of the young being and impress upon
+its sensibilities that it has to bow before the long established and
+hard notions of thoughts and emotions. Yet the latent qualities and
+instincts seek to assert their own peculiar methods of seeking the
+foundation of things, of distinguishing between what is commonly called
+wrong, true or false. It is bent upon going its own way, since it is
+composed of the same nerves, muscles and blood, even as those who assume
+to direct its destiny. I fail to understand how parents hope that their
+children will ever grow up into independent, self-reliant spirits, when
+they strain every effort to abridge and curtail the various activities
+of their children, the plus in quality and character, which
+differentiates their offspring from themselves, and by the virtue of
+which they are eminently equipped carriers of new, invigorating ideas. A
+young delicate tree, that is being clipped and cut by the gardener in
+order to give it an artificial form, will never reach the majestic
+height and the beauty as when allowed to grow in nature and freedom.</p>
+
+<p>When the child reaches adolescence, it meets, added to the home and
+school restrictions, with a vast amount of hard traditions of social
+morality. The cravings of love and sex are met with absolute ignorance
+by the majority of parents, who consider it as something indecent and
+improper, something disgraceful, almost criminal, to be suppressed and
+fought like some terrible disease. The love and tender feelings in the
+young plant are turned into vulgarity and coarseness through the
+stupidity of those surrounding it, so that everything fine and beautiful
+is either crushed altogether or hidden in the innermost depths, as a
+great sin, that dares not face the light.</p>
+
+<p>What is more astonishing is the fact that parents will strip themselves
+of everything, will sacrifice everything for the physical well-being of
+their child, will wake nights and stand in fear and agony before some
+physical ailment of their beloved one; but will remain cold and
+indifferent, without the slightest understanding before the soul
+cravings and the yearnings of their child, neither hearing nor wishing
+to hear the loud knocking of the young spirit that demands recognition.
+On the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a>[<a href="images/014.png">12</a>]</span> contrary, they will stifle the beautiful voice of spring, of a
+new life of beauty and splendor of love; they will put the long lean
+finger of authority upon the tender throat and not allow vent to the
+silvery song of the individual growth, of the beauty of character, of
+the strength of love and human relation, which alone make life worth
+living.</p>
+
+<p>And yet these parents imagine that they mean best for the child, and for
+aught I know, some really do; but their best means absolute death and
+decay to the bud in the making. After all, they are but imitating their
+own masters in State, commercial, social and moral affairs, by forcibly
+suppressing every independent attempt to analyze the ills of society and
+every sincere effort toward the abolition of these ills; never able to
+grasp the eternal truth that every method they employ serves as the
+greatest impetus to bring forth a greater longing for freedom and a
+deeper zeal to fight for it.</p>
+
+<p>That compulsion is bound to awaken resistance, every parent and teacher
+ought to know. Great surprise is being expressed over the fact that the
+majority of children of radical parents are either altogether opposed to
+the ideas of the latter, many of them moving along the old antiquated
+paths, or that they are indifferent to the new thoughts and teachings of
+social regeneration. And yet there is nothing unusual in that. Radical
+parents, though emancipated from the belief of ownership in the human
+soul, still cling tenaciously to the notion that they own the child, and
+that they have the right to exercise their authority over it. So they
+set out to mould and form the child according to their own conception of
+what is right and wrong, forcing their ideas upon it with the same
+vehemence that the average Catholic parent uses. And, with the latter,
+they hold out the necessity before the young "to do as I tell you and
+not as I do." But the impressionable mind of the child realizes early
+enough that the lives of their parents are in contradiction to the ideas
+they represent; that, like the good Christian who fervently prays on
+Sunday, yet continues to break the Lord's commands the rest of the week,
+the radical parent arraigns God, priesthood, church, government,
+domestic authority, yet continues to adjust himself to the condition he
+abhors. Just so, the Freethought parent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a>[<a href="images/015.png">13</a>]</span> can proudly boast that his son
+of four will recognize the picture of Thomas Paine or Ingersoll, or that
+he knows that the idea of God is stupid. Or that the Social Democratic
+father can point to his little girl of six and say, "Who wrote the
+Capital, dearie?" "Karl Marx, pa!" Or that the Anarchistic mother can
+make it known that her daughter's name is Louise Michel, Sophia
+Perovskaya, or that she can recite the revolutionary poems of Herwegh,
+Freiligrath, or Shelley, and that she will point out the faces of
+Spencer, Bakunin or Moses Harmon almost anywhere.</p>
+
+<p>These are by no means exaggerations; they are sad facts that I have met
+with in my experience with radical parents. What are the results of such
+methods of biasing the mind? The following is the consequence, and not
+very infrequent, either. The child, being fed on one-sided, set and
+fixed ideas, soon grows weary of re-hashing the beliefs of its parents,
+and it sets out in quest of new sensations, no matter how inferior and
+shallow the new experience may be, the human mind cannot endure sameness
+and monotony. So it happens that that boy or girl, over-fed on Thomas
+Paine, will land in the arms of the Church, or they will vote for
+imperialism only to escape the drag of economic determinism and
+scientific socialism, or that they open a shirt-waist factory and cling
+to their right of accumulating property, only to find relief from the
+old-fashioned communism of their father. Or that the girl will marry the
+next best man, provided he can make a living, only to run away from the
+everlasting talk on variety.</p>
+
+<p>Such a condition of affairs may be very painful to the parents who wish
+their children to follow in their path, yet I look upon them as very
+refreshing and encouraging psychological forces. They are the greatest
+guarantee that the independent mind, at least, will always resist every
+external and foreign force exercised over the human heart and head.</p>
+
+<p>Some will ask, what about weak natures, must they not be protected? Yes,
+but to be able to do that, it will be necessary to realize that
+education of children is not synonymous with herdlike drilling and
+training. If education should really mean anything at all, it must
+insist upon the free growth and development of the innate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a>[<a href="images/016.png">14</a>]</span> forces and
+tendencies of the child. In this way alone can we hope for the free
+individual and eventually also for a free community, which shall make
+interference and coercion of human growth impossible.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep12.jpg" width='83' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<h2>HOPE AND FEAR.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></h2>
+
+<h3>(Translated from the Jewish of <span class="smcap">L. I. Peretz.</span>)</h3>
+
+<p>....My heart is with you.</p>
+
+<p>My eye does not get weary looking at your flaming banner; my ear does
+not get tired listening to your powerful song....</p>
+
+<p>My heart is with you; man's hunger must be appeased, and he must have
+light; he must be free, and he must be his own master, master over
+himself and his work.</p>
+
+<p>And when you snap at the fist which is trying to strangle you, your
+voice, and your ardent protest, preventing you from being heard&mdash;I
+rejoice, praying that your teeth may be sharpened. And when you are
+marching against Sodom and Gomorrah, to tear down the old, my soul is
+with you, and the certainty that you must triumph fills and warms my
+heart and intoxicates me like old wine....</p>
+
+<p>And yet....</p>
+
+<p>And yet you frighten me.</p>
+
+<p>I am afraid of the bridled who conquer, for they are apt to become the
+oppressors, and every oppressor transgresses against the human soul....</p>
+
+<p>Do you not talk among yourselves of how humanity is to march, like an
+army in line, and you are going to sound for it the march on the road?</p>
+
+<p>And yet humanity is not an army.</p>
+
+<p>The strong are going forward, the magnanimous feel more deeply, the
+proud rise higher, and yet will you not lay down the cedar in order that
+it may not outgrow the grass?</p>
+
+<p>Or will you not spread your wings over mediocrity,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a>[<a href="images/017.png">15</a>]</span> or will you not
+shield indifference, and protect the gray and uniformly fleeced herd?</p>
+
+<p class="center">*&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*</p>
+
+<p>You frighten me.</p>
+
+<p>As conquerors you might become the bureaucracy: to dole out to everybody
+his morsel, as is the usage in the poor-house; to arrange work for
+everybody as it is done in the galleys. And you will thus crush the
+creator of new worlds&mdash;the free human will, and fill up with earth the
+purest spring of human happiness&mdash;human initiative, the power which
+braves one against thousands, against peoples, and against generations?
+And you will systematize life and bid it to remain on the level of the
+crowd.</p>
+
+<p>And will you not be occupied with regulations: registrating, recording,
+estimating&mdash;or will you not prescribe how fast and how often the human
+pulse must beat, how far the human eye may look ahead, how much the ear
+may perceive, and what kinds of dreams the languishing heart may
+entertain?</p>
+
+<p class="center">*&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*</p>
+
+<p>With joy in my heart I look at you when you tear down the gates of
+Sodom, but my heart trembles at the same time, fearing that you might
+erect on its ruins new ones&mdash;more chilling and darker ones.</p>
+
+<p>There will be no houses without windows; but fog will envelop the
+souls....</p>
+
+<p>There will be no empty stomachs, but souls will starve. No ear will hear
+cries of woe, but the eagle&mdash;the human intellect&mdash;will stand at the
+trough with clipped wings together with the cow and the ox.</p>
+
+<p>And justice, which has accompanied you on the thorny and bloody path to
+victory, will forsake you, and you will not be aware of it, for
+conquerors and tyrants are always blind. You will conquer and dominate.
+And you will plunge into injustice, and you will not feel the quagmire
+under your feet.... Every tyrant thinks he stands on firm ground so long
+as he has not been vanquished.</p>
+
+<p>And you will build prisons for those who dare to stretch out their
+hands, pointing to the abyss into which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a>[<a href="images/018.png">16</a>]</span> you sink; you will tear out the
+tongues of the mouths that warn you against those who come after you, to
+destroy you and your injustice....</p>
+
+<p>Cruelly will you defend the equality of rights of the herd to use the
+grass under its feet and the salt in the ground,&mdash;and your enemies will
+be the free individuals, the overmen, the ingenious inventors, the
+prophets, the saviors, the poets and artists.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*</p>
+
+<p>Everything that comes to pass occurs in space and time.... The present
+is the existing: the stable, the firm, and therefore the rigid and
+frozen&mdash;the to-day, which will and must perish....</p>
+
+<p>Time is change&mdash;it varies and develops; it is the eternally sprouting,
+the blossoming, the eternal morning....</p>
+
+<p>And as your "morning," to which you aspire, will become the "to-day,"
+you will become the upholders of the "yesterday," of that which is
+lifeless&mdash;dead. You will trample the sproutings of to-morrow and destroy
+its blossoms, and pour streams of cold water upon the heads that nestle
+your prophecies, your dreams, and your new hopes.</p>
+
+<p>The to-day is unwilling to die, bloody is every sunset....</p>
+
+<p>I yearn and hope for your victory, but I fear and tremble for your
+victory.</p>
+
+<p>You are my hope, and you are my fear.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep12.jpg" width='83' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>Nietzsche&mdash;Zarathustra spake thus: "He who wishes to say something
+should be silent a long while." If the makers of public opinion would
+only carry out this hint for about a lifetime!</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>According to the latest researches, it has been brought to light that
+the grim angel who drove Adam and Eve out of Paradise was named
+Comstock.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>As long as there are women who must fear to become mothers on account of
+economic difficulties or moral prejudices, the emancipation of woman is
+only a phrase.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> This sketch the writer had addressed to Jewish Social
+Democrats.</p></div></div>
+
+<p class="tbrk">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17"></a>[<a href="images/019.png">17</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h2>JOHN MOST.</h2>
+
+<h3>By M. B.</h3>
+
+<p>JOHN MOST suddenly died in Cincinnati, March 17. He was on an agitation
+trip, and when he reached Cincinnati he took sick with erysipelas and
+died within a few days, surrounded by his comrades.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly before that he had the fortune to taste of the kindness and good
+breeding of the police once more. Some friends in Philadelphia arranged
+a meeting to celebrate Most's sixtieth birthday. He was one of the
+speakers; but the police of that city interpreted the American
+Constitution, which speaks of the right to free speech and assembly, as
+giving the right to forcibly disperse the meeting.</p>
+
+<p>Conscious misrepresentation and ignorance, the twin angels that hover
+over the throne of the newspaper kingdom of this country, have made John
+Most a scarecrow. Organized police authorities and police justices that
+can neither be accused of a surplus of intelligence nor even of the
+shadow of love of fairness, made him their target whenever they felt the
+great calling to save their country from disaster. Naturally the mob of
+law-abiding citizens must be assured from time to time that their
+masters have a sacred duty to perform, that they earn the right of
+graft.</p>
+
+<p>Most was born at Augsburg, Bavaria, February 5, 1846. According to his
+memoirs, he early found it necessary to resist the tyranny of a
+stepmother and the miserable treatment of his master. As a bookbinder
+apprentice, at a very early age, he took to his heels and went on the
+road of the world, where he soon came in contact with revolutionary
+ideas in the labor movement that greatly inspired him and urged him to
+read and study. It might be more appropriately said that he developed a
+ravenous appetite for knowledge and research of all the works of human
+science.</p>
+
+<p>At that time socialistic ideas had just begun to exercise great
+influence upon the thinking mind of the European continents. The zeal
+and craving for knowledge displayed by the working people of those days
+can hardly be properly estimated, especially by the proletariat of this
+country, whose literature and source of knowledge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18"></a>[<a href="images/020.png">18</a>]</span> chiefly consists of
+the daily papers. Workingmen, who worked ten and twelve hours in
+factories and shops, spent their evenings in study and reading of
+economic, political and philosophic works&mdash;Ferdinand Lassalle, Karl
+Marx, Engels, Bakunin and, later, Kropotkin; also Henry George's
+"Progress and Poverty." Added to these were the works of the
+materialistic-natural science schools, such as Darwin, Huxley,
+Molleschot, Karl Vogt, Ludwig Buechner, Haeckel, that constituted the
+mental diet of a large number of workingmen of that period. Just as the
+revolutionary economists were hailed as the liberators of physical
+slavery, so were the materialistic, naturalistic sciences accepted as
+the saviors from mental narrowness and darkness.</p>
+
+<p>Most was untiring in his work of popularizing these ideas, and as he
+could quickly grasp things he was tremendously successful in simplifying
+scientific books into pamphlets and essays, accessible to the ordinary
+intelligence of the working people. He possessed a marvelous memory, and
+once he got hold of an amount of data he could easily avail himself of
+it at any moment. This was particularly true in the domain of history,
+with its compilation of bloodcurdling events, from which he drew his
+conclusions of how the human race ought <i>not to live</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Together with his journalistic activity, he combined oral propaganda.
+His power of delivery was marvelous, and those who heard him in his
+early days will understand why the powers of the world stood in awe
+before him. He not only had a very convincing way, but he succeeded in
+keeping his audiences spellbound or to bring them up to the highest
+pitch of enthusiasm.</p>
+
+<p>The scene of his first great activity was in Vienna, where he was soon
+met with many indictments and persecutions from the authorities, who
+mercilessly pursued him for the rest of his life. After a term of
+imprisonment in several American prisons, he went to Germany, where he
+became the editor of the "Free Press" in Berlin, but his original and
+biting criticism of bureaucracy again brought him in conflict with the
+powers that be. The Berlin prison, Ploetzensee, soon closed its doors on
+the culprit. Even to-day those who visit that famous institution of
+civilization are still shown Most's cell.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19"></a>[<a href="images/021.png">19</a>]</span></p><p>At that time Bismarck carried an unsuccessful battle against the power
+of the Catholic Church, eager to subordinate her to the State authority.
+It happened that the famous leader of the Catholic party, Majunke, was
+sent for a term of imprisonment to Ploetzensee. When the prisoners were
+led out for their daily walk, the leader of the Reds, John Most, met the
+leader of the Blacks, Majunke. The situation was comical enough to cause
+amusement to both; both being brilliant, they found enough interesting
+material for conversation, which helped them over the dreariness and
+monotony of prison life.</p>
+
+<p>Several years later Bismarck succeeded in enacting the muzzle law
+against Social Democracy, which destroyed the freedom of the press and
+assembly. The question arose then what could be done.</p>
+
+<p>Most had been elected to the Reichstag, representing the famous factory
+town Chemnitz, but his experience in Parliament only served him to
+despise the representative system and professional lawmaking more than
+ever.</p>
+
+<p>When leaders of Social Democracy, like Bebel and Liebknecht, thought it
+more expedient to adapt themselves to conditions, Most went to London,
+where he continued his revolutionary literary crusade in the "Freiheit."
+He came in contact with Karl Marx, Engels and various other refugees who
+lived in England. Marx assured Most that his sharp pen in the "Freiheit"
+was not likely to cause him any trouble in England so long as the
+Conservative party was in power, but that nothing good was to be
+expected of a Liberal government. Marx was right. Shortly after Most's
+arrival in London his paper was seized and he was arrested on the
+indictment for inciting to murder because he paid a glowing tribute to
+the revolutionists of Russia, who, on the first of March, 1881, executed
+Alexander II. He was tried and sentenced to eighteen months'
+imprisonment to one of the barbarous English prisons.</p>
+
+<p>Most gradually developed into an Anarchist, representing Communist
+Anarchism, the organization of production and consummation, based on
+free industrial groups, and which would exclude State and bureaucratic
+interference. His ideas were related to those of Kropotkin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20"></a>[<a href="images/022.png">20</a>]</span> and Elis&eacute;e
+Reclus. He often assured me that he considered Kropotkin his teacher,
+and that he owed much of his mental development to him.</p>
+
+<p>The next aim of the hounded man was America, but it does not appear that
+he was followed across the ocean by his lucky star. He soon was made to
+feel that free speech and free press in this great republic was but a
+myth. Time and again he was arrested, brutally treated by the police,
+and sentenced to serve time in the penitentiary. Added to this came the
+fearful attacks and misrepresentations of Most and his ideas by the
+press, many of the articles making him appear as a wild beast ever
+plotting destruction. The last sentence inflicted upon him was after the
+Czolgosz act. He was arrested for an article by the Radical Karl
+Heinzen, that had been written many years ago and the author of which
+had been dead a long time. The article had not the slightest relation to
+the act, did not contain a single reference to the conditions of this
+country, and treated altogether of European conditions of fifty years
+ago. In the face of this sentence one cannot but help think of Tolstoi's
+"Power of Darkness." Only the Power of Darkness in the minds of the
+judges before whom Most was tried and the newspaper men, who helped in
+arousing public opinion against him, were responsible for the sentence
+inflicted upon him.</p>
+
+<p>Taking Most's life superficially, it would appear that his road was hard
+and thorny, but looking at it from a thorough view point, one will
+realize that all his hardships and injustices had made of him a
+relentless, uncompromising rebel, who continued to wage war against the
+enemies of the people.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep12.jpg" width='83' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>With but few exceptions the American journalists censure the immoral
+profession of "Mrs. Warren." Is it not heavenly irony that God pressed
+the headman's sword of morals into the hands of the newspaper writers?
+Perhaps the great God Pan thought they would be the fittest to handle
+the sword, since they are so intimately associated with mental
+prostitution.</p>
+
+<p class="tbrk">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21"></a>[<a href="images/023.png">21</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h2>CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA.</h2>
+
+<p>A large, strong man, dressed in a uniform and armed to the teeth,
+knocked at the door of a hut on the west coast of Africa.</p>
+
+<p>"Who are you and what do you want?" said a voice from the inside.</p>
+
+<p>"In the name of civilization, open your door or I'll break it down for
+you and fill you full of lead."</p>
+
+<p>"But what do you want here?"</p>
+
+<p>"My name is Christian Civilization. Don't talk like a fool, you black
+brute; what do you suppose I want here but to civilize you and make a
+reasonable human being out of you if it is possible."</p>
+
+<p>"What are you going to do?"</p>
+
+<p>"In the first place you must dress yourself like a white man. It is a
+shame and disgrace the way you go about. From now on you must wear
+underclothing, a pair of pants, vest, coat, plug hat, and a pair of
+yellow gloves. I will furnish them to you at reasonable rates."</p>
+
+<p>"What shall I do with them?"</p>
+
+<p>"Wear them, of course. You did not expect to eat them, did you? The
+first step to civilization is in wearing proper clothes."</p>
+
+<p>"But it is too hot here to wear such garments. I'm not used to them.
+I'll perish from the heat. Do you want to murder me?"</p>
+
+<p>"Not particularly. But if you do die you will have the satisfaction of
+being a martyr to civilization."</p>
+
+<p>"How kind!"</p>
+
+<p>"Don't mention it. What do you do for a living?"</p>
+
+<p>"When I am hungry I eat a banana; I eat, drink or sleep just as I feel
+like it."</p>
+
+<p>"What horrible barbarity! You must settle down to some occupation, my
+friend. If you don't it will be my duty to lock you up as a vagrant."</p>
+
+<p>"If I have to follow some occupation I think I'll start a coffee house.
+I've got a considerable amount of coffee and sugar stored here and
+there."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, you have, have you? Why, you are not such a hopeless case as I
+thought you were. In the first place you want to pay me the sum of fifty
+dollars."</p>
+
+<p>"What for?"</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22"></a>[<a href="images/024.png">22</a>]</span></p><p>"As an occupation tax, you ignorant heathen. Do you expect all the
+blessings of civilization for nothing?"</p>
+
+<p>"But I have no money."</p>
+
+<p>"That makes no difference. I'll take it out in tea and coffee. If you
+don't pay up like a Christian man, I'll put you in jail for the rest of
+your life."</p>
+
+<p>"What is jail?"</p>
+
+<p>"Jail is a progressive word. You must be prepared to make some
+sacrifices for civilization, you know."</p>
+
+<p>"What a great and glorious thing is civilization."</p>
+
+<p>"You cannot possibly realize the benefits of it, but you will before I
+get through with you, my fine fellow."</p>
+
+<p>The unfortunate native took to the woods and has not been seen
+since&mdash;<i>Waverly Magazine</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep12.jpg" width='83' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<h2>OUR PURPOSE.</h2>
+
+<h3>By <span class="smcap">Mary Hansen</span>.</h3>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div><i>I come, not with the blaring of trumpet,</i></div>
+<div class="i1"><i>To herald the birth of a king;</i></div>
+<div><i>I come, not with traditional story,</i></div>
+<div class="i1"><i>The life of a savior to sing;</i></div>
+<div><i>I come, not with jests for the silly,</i></div>
+<div class="i1"><i>I come, not to worship the strong,</i></div>
+<div><i>But to question the powers that govern,</i></div>
+<div class="i1"><i>To point out a world-old wrong.</i></div>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<div><i>To kiss from the starved lips of childhood</i></div>
+<div class="i1"><i>The lies that are sapping its breath,</i></div>
+<div><i>And brighten the brief cheerless valley</i></div>
+<div class="i1"><i>That leads to the darkness of death;</i></div>
+<div><i>With reason and sympathy blended,</i></div>
+<div class="i1"><i>And a hope that all mankind shall see,</i></div>
+<div><i>Untrammeled by Creed, Law or Custom&mdash;</i></div>
+<div class="i1"><i>The attainable goal of the Free.</i></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="tbrk">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23"></a>[<a href="images/025.png">23</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h2>MARRIAGE AND THE HOME.</h2>
+
+<h3>By <span class="smcap">John R. Coryell</span>.</h3>
+
+<p class="cap">YOU remember <i>Punch's</i> advice to the young man about to be
+married&mdash;don't. There is a jest nearly half a century old, and yet ever
+fresh and poignant. Why? Can it be that the secret, serious voice of
+mankind proclaims the jest truth in masquerade? Can it be that marriage,
+as an institution, has indeed proved itself in experience such a
+terrible failure?</p>
+
+<p>We worship many fetishes, we of the superior civilization, and the
+institution of marriage is the chief of them. Few of us but bow before
+that; before that and the home of which it is the foundation. And I know
+what scorn and obloquy and denunciation await that man who stands unawed
+before it, seeing in it but an ugly little idol. And I guess what will
+be dealt out to him who not only refuses to bow the head, but openly
+scoffs. And yet I am going to scoff and say ugly words about this fetish
+of ours. I am going to say that it represents ignorance, hides and
+causes hypocrisy, stands in the way of progress, drags low the standard
+of individual excellence, perpetuates many foul practices.</p>
+
+<p>Let me admit at the outset that I recognize in the institution of
+marriage a perfectly legitimate result of the working of the law of
+evolution. Of course it is; and the same may be said of everything that
+exists whether good or evil. Every vile and filthy thing, crime,
+disease, misery, are all equally legitimate products of the working of
+this law. Evolution is simply the process of the logical working of
+things; it explains how things come to be; and there is nothing in the
+nature of the law to enable it to give to its results the hall mark of
+sterling. A thing is because of something else that was. Marriage is
+because of a primeval club. Man craved woman and he procured her.
+Considering the beginnings of the institution of marriage, it is
+interesting, if nothing more, to consider the efforts of the priest to
+give it an attribute of sanctity, to call it a sacrament. In truth,
+marriage is the most artificial of the relations which exist in the
+social body. It is a device of man at his worst&mdash;a mixture of slavery,
+savage egotism and priestcraft. It is indicated<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24"></a>[<a href="images/026.png">24</a>]</span> by nothing in the
+physical constitution of either male or female. It is an anomaly; a
+contract which can be freely entered into by the most unfit, but which
+cannot be broken, though both parties wish it, though absolute unfitness
+be patent, though hell on earth be its result. The pretense must be
+abandoned that men and women marry in order to reproduce their kind.
+Nothing could be less true. Marriage legalizes reproduction, but is not
+caused by desire for it. Marriage is the hard and fast tying together of
+a man and a woman without the least regard to moral or physiological
+conditions. Marriage may be for pecuniary gain, or for social
+advancement; it may be at the will of a controlling parent, or, more
+commonly for St. Paul's reason, that it is better to marry than to burn;
+but never for the reason that the parties to it are fitted to each other
+for parenthood. That supreme consideration not only does not enter into
+either the preliminary or after-thought of the matter, but is even held
+to be an indecent topic of conversation between persons not already
+married to each other.</p>
+
+<p>The constituents of the average marriage are a man over-stimulated
+sexually by mystery and ignorance, and a woman abnormally undersexed by
+the course of self-repression and self-mutilation which have been taught
+her from her earliest childhood as necessities of modesty, purity and
+virtue. And then out of the carefully cultivated repugnance of the woman
+and the savage, exulting, unrelenting passion of the man are produced
+children, frequently welcome, seldom premeditated. And we are asked to
+believe that out of such elements are created the best foundation for a
+race or nation. Surely, surely, that combination of conditions is the
+best for a race or a nation which produces the best individuals; and
+quite as surely we should strive to bring about those conditions which
+tend to produce the best individuals.</p>
+
+<p>Then there is home. Home, sweet home! the perfect flower, we are told,
+that blooms on the fair stem of marriage. Yet it is the very citadel of
+ignorance, when it should be the school in which are taught the
+beautiful phenomena of physical life. Home! where the simplest, purest
+facts of life are converted into a nasty mystery and deliberately
+endowed with the characteristics of impurity and sin; for what else is
+the meaning of that solemn<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25"></a>[<a href="images/027.png">25</a>]</span> formula, which most of us have been taught,
+that we were conceived in sin? What else is the meaning of the hush and
+blush that go to any reference to sex, sign or manifestation of sex? Is
+it not awful beyond the power of words to express that a man and a woman
+come together in ignorance and beget children who are not even to obtain
+the benefit of such knowledge as their unfortunate parents pick up by
+the way, but must themselves begin the most responsible functions of
+life, not only in equal ignorance, but with an added load of
+misconceptions, sex-superstitions, immoral dogmas and probably physical
+disabilities? A short time since a father was speaking to me of his son,
+fourteen years of age, and plainly at an age when some of the beautiful
+phenomena of sex-life were beginning to crowd upon him for notice. I
+asked the man if he had talked with his son about the matter. His answer
+was peculiar only in that he put into words a description of the
+attitude of the average parent: "Talked to him about that? Not I. Let
+him learn as I did. No one ever told me." But some one had told him, as
+his unpleasantly reminiscent smile advised me! He had been told by
+ignorant companions, by ignorant servants, and, quite likely, by books,
+whose grossness would have been harmless but for the child's piteous
+ignorance. No, the man would not talk with his son about such things,
+but he would go into his club and talk into the small hours over a glass
+of whiskey with his friends there, turning the beauty and purity of sex
+manifestation into shabby jest and impure ridicule. He would exchange
+stories based on sex relation with any stranger with whom he might ride
+for two hours in a smoking car. Every man knows that I speak well within
+bounds.</p>
+
+<p>And the girl child! what of her? Does her mother, the victim of
+misinformation and no information, of misuse and self-mutilation, in the
+sweet privacy of this home, which is called the cradle of peace and the
+nestling place of purity, save her by taking warning of her own ruined
+life and giving her the benefit of such little knowledge as she has
+gained in physical, mental and moral misery? We know she does not. On
+the contrary, the same terrible old lies are told, the same hideous
+practices are resorted to; and another poor creature is launched into
+that awful life of legalized prostitution which is called marriage.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26"></a>[<a href="images/028.png">26</a>]</span></p><p>Motherhood is woman's highest function, and, moreover, it is a function
+which it is unwise not to exercise; for it is infinitely more perilous
+for a healthy woman not to be a mother than it is for her to bear
+children. Motherhood, too, is the most markedly indicated function of a
+woman's body. She is specialized for it; it is the thing indicated. And
+yet we never say to a woman, Be a mother when you will; we hold up our
+hands in horror at the very thought of motherhood itself, and we say,
+Marry; marry anything; get another name for yourself; merge your very
+identity into that of some man; get a home; never mind about children;
+you don't have to have them; they have nothing to do with your
+respectability. Is it not so? Is it not so that that woman who prefers
+her own name and her freedom, and who exercises her highest function of
+motherhood, thereby becomes a thing of scorn and contumely?</p>
+
+<p>And yet, how in this world can a woman do a finer, wiser, braver, truer
+thing than to bear a child in freedom by a carefully chosen father? It
+is true that we have moralists who urge wives to breed for the good of
+the country, but even they, while declaring that it is the duty of women
+to have large families, roll their eyes in horror at the thought of a
+woman exercising her plainest right, without first having some man,
+whose only interest in the matter is his fee, say some magic words over
+her and her master.</p>
+
+<p>Oh, that marriage ceremony! And is it not pathetic to hear the women,
+dimly conscious of their backbones, declaring that they will not promise
+to obey? They will promise vehemently to love and honor, which they
+absolutely cannot be sure of doing, but they refuse to obey&mdash;the only
+thing they could safely promise to do, and which, in fact, most of them
+do. For, writhe and twist as they may, defy never so bravely, the
+conventions of the world are against them, and conform they must. Down,
+down they sink until they are on their knees in the mire of tradition,
+their heads bowed to the ugly little fetish. A woman may be a thousand
+times the superior of her husband, and yet she must be his slave.</p>
+
+<p>And what puerile fables, what transparent lies are told to reconcile the
+poor slave to her lot! A man's rib! And she is the weaker vessel!
+Nevertheless, she is the power<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27"></a>[<a href="images/029.png">27</a>]</span> behind the throne. And if the man
+possess her, does she not equally possess him? Is not monogamy the
+mainstay of our morals? Is not God to be thanked that he has given us
+light to see the horrors of polygamy? Oh, that shocking thing, polygamy!
+How the husbands of the land rise up to defend their firesides from it!
+No Smoots shall get into our Senate. That virtuous Senate!</p>
+
+<p>Why if every practising polygamist went home from the Congress there
+would not be a quorum left to do business. Monogamy! Why it is the most
+shocking phase of the hypocrisy due to marriage. There is no such
+condition known in this country. Of course, there may be sporadic cases
+of it, but that is all. If monogamy be the practice of the men of this
+country, why the hundreds of thousands of prostitutes, why divorces for
+adultery, why those secret establishments where unhappily married men
+indemnify themselves for the appearance of monogamy by an association
+which can be ended at will? Whence come the mulattoes and the
+half-breeds of all sorts? Who so credulous as to believe the fable of
+monogamy?</p>
+
+<p>What has monogamy or polygamy or polyandry to do with this matter? I
+assume that it is undeniable that motherhood is woman's most manifest
+function. If that be so, how can there be any more immorality in the
+exercise of it than in the process of digestion? What can be clearer
+than that a woman has the inherent right to bear children if she wish?
+And there is nothing in experience or morals which demands one father
+for all her children. It should be for her to say whether she will have
+one father for all her children or one for each. And if the question be
+asked how, under such conditions, the interests of the children would be
+safe-guarded, I ask if they are safe-guarded now. The right-minded man
+provides as he can for them; as would be the case always; while the
+wrong-minded man does not now provide properly for them. Besides, is the
+mother not to be considered? Do we not all know of women who in
+widowhood take care of their families? Do we not know of women who take
+care of their husbands as well as of their children? Women, of course,
+should, in any case, be economically free. But at least let them be sex
+free; let them decide for themselves whether they will have many<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28"></a>[<a href="images/030.png">28</a>]</span> or few
+or no children. Teach woman to be economically independent, give her the
+opportunity for full knowledge of all that pertains to motherhood; make
+the motherhood a pure and beautiful manifestation of physical activity
+if you will, but without forgetting that it is only simple and natural;
+avoiding that hysterical glorification of the function in poetry and the
+hiding of it in actual life as if it were an unclean thing. But the
+important matter is to understand that a woman has a right to bear a
+child if she wish. Nothing is more distinctly pointed out by the
+constitution of her body, and therefore it is impossible that there can
+be any immorality in the exercise of the function. To put my idea in as
+few and as bold words as I can: Motherhood is a right and has no proper
+relation to marriage. Marriage is a purely artificial relation, and not
+only is it not justified by its results, but distinctly it is
+discredited by them. By it a man becomes a vile hypocrite since he
+loudly avows a moral standard and a course of conduct which in private
+by his acts he denies and puts to scorn; by it a woman becomes a slave,
+giving up her rights in her own body; submitting to ravishment, and
+becoming the accidental mother to unwished, unwelcome children; by it
+children are robbed of their plain right to the best equipment that can
+be given them; and which cannot be given them under the prevailing
+system. It is only when a woman is free to choose the father of her
+child that the child can hope for even a partial payment of the debt
+that was due it from its parents from the moment they took the
+responsibility of calling it from the nowhere into the here. This
+doctrine of the responsibility of the parent to the child is
+comparatively new and goes neither with marriage nor with the home. The
+old and current notion is that the child is a chattel.</p>
+
+<p>Abraham never offers an apology for making little Isaac carry wood and
+then mount the sacrificial pile. Indeed we are asked to marvel at the
+heroism of the father. Then we are told that God so loved the world that
+he gave his only begotten son. As if the child were the property of the
+parent. And yet there must always have been naughty children asking
+pointed questions, for it was long ago found necessary to try to scare
+them by a divine fulmination. Honor thy father and thy mother<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"></a>[<a href="images/031.png">29</a>]</span> that thy
+days may be long! It seems that even so long ago parents were afraid
+they could not win honor from their children. Abraham's place was on the
+pile, just as it is the place of the modern parent who looks upon his
+child as his chattel; disposing of him as he will; arbitrarily making
+rules for his conduct which he would not dream of observing for himself;
+stifling his natural demands for knowledge; converting what is pure and
+most beautiful in the world into a mire of filth and ignorance; wilfully
+robbing him of his birthright of individuality by forcing him to conform
+to methods of thought and conduct which his own experience tells him no
+man can or does conform to from the moment he wins his freedom or learns
+the hideous lesson of that hypocrisy which he is sure in the end to
+discover that his father practices. What right has any father to make a
+sacrifice of his child? What is his title to the love or gratitude or
+self-abnegation of his child? Is it that the child is the unconsidered
+consequence of the legal rape of some poor woman who has been unfitted
+for the office forced upon her, by a life mentally dwarfed, morally
+twisted and physically mutilated? Is it that the child is haled out of
+nothingness to be inoculated, perhaps, with germs of disease in the
+first instance and then half nourished for nine months in a body which
+has been robbed of its vitality by the mutilation and torture to which
+it has been subjected at the behest of fashion?</p>
+
+<p>The highest duty of a parent is to so treat his child that it will enter
+upon the struggle of life prepared to obtain the utmost happiness from
+it.</p>
+
+<p>If anyone fancies I have been too severe in my strictures I would ask
+him to read what Mrs. Gilman has to say on the subject of home. It is
+true that she does not come to the same conclusion that I do. She would
+have women economically independent, and she would have children taken
+care of by those especially fitted for the task, leaving mothers and
+fathers free to go their separate ways. But how could there be separate
+ways so long as the slavery of marriage remained? Woman must be not only
+economically free, but altogether free. As I have said, motherhood is
+not an affair of morals; it is a function. Marriage, on the other hand,
+is a matter of morals; and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30"></a>[<a href="images/032.png">30</a>]</span> hideously immoral it is, too. Then why not
+have motherhood without its immoral, artificial adjunct, marriage?</p>
+
+<p>You see I do not ask for easy divorce as a solution of the problem of
+marriage. I set my face sternly against divorce. I am one with the
+church in that. I only demand that there shall be no marriage at all,
+that there shall be no fastening of life-long slavery on woman. Let
+woman mother children or not, as she will. Let her say who shall be the
+father of her child and of each child. Let motherhood be deemed not even
+honorable, but only natural.</p>
+
+<p>Can anyone believe that if men and women were free to decide whether or
+not they would be parents, they would not in the end, seeing their duty
+in the light of their knowledge, fit themselves for parenthood before
+taking upon themselves its responsibilities?</p>
+
+<p>I would like to say that I have no fear of the odium of the designation
+of iconoclast. Nor do I quake lest some one triumphantly ask me what I
+will put in the place of marriage and the home. As well might one demand
+what I would give in the place of smallpox if I were able to eradicate
+it. I am not concerned to find a substitute for such perversion of sex
+activity. If men and women choose to live together in freedom, fathering
+and mothering their children according to a rule grown out of freedom,
+and directed by expediency, I fancy they would be, at least, as happy as
+they can be now, tied together by a hard, unpleasant knot. And if an
+economically free woman chose to have six children by six different
+fathers, as a wise woman might well do, I believe she could be trusted
+to secure those children from want quite as well as the mother-slave of
+to-day, who bears her children at the will of an irresponsible man, and
+then, often enough, has to take care of them and him too.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep12.jpg" width='83' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>"Wealth protects and animates art and literature, as the dew enlivens the fields."</p>
+
+<p>Nonsense! Wealth animates art and literature, as the whistle of the
+master animates the dog and makes him wag his tail.</p>
+
+<p class="tbrk">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31"></a>[<a href="images/033.png">31</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h2>THE MODERN NEWSPAPER.</h2>
+
+<p>Let me describe to you, very briefly, a newspaper day.</p>
+
+<p>Figure first, then, a hastily erected, and still more hastily designed,
+building in a dirty, paper-littered back street of London, and a number
+of shabbily dressed men coming and going in this with projectile
+swiftness. Within this factory companies of printers, tensely active
+with nimble fingers&mdash;they were always speeding up the printers&mdash;ply
+their typesetting machines, and cast and arrange masses of metal in a
+sort of kitchen inferno, above which, in a beehive of little, brightly
+lit rooms, disheveled men sit and scribble. There is a throbbing of
+telephones and a clicking of telegraph instruments, a rushing of
+messengers, a running to and fro of heated men, clutching proofs and
+copy. Then begins a roar of machinery catching the infection, going
+faster and faster, and whizzing and banging. Engineers, who have never
+had time to wash since their birth, fly about with oil cans, while paper
+runs off its rolls with a shudder of haste. The proprietor you must
+suppose arriving explosively on a swift motor car, leaping out before
+the thing is at a standstill, with letters and documents clutched in his
+hand, rushing in, resolute to "hustle," getting wonderfully in
+everybody's way. At the sight of him even the messenger boys who are
+waiting get up and scamper to and fro. Sprinkle your vision with
+collisions, curses, incoherencies. You imagine all the parts of this
+complex, lunatic machine working hysterically toward a crescendo of
+haste and excitement as the night wears on. At last, the only things
+that seem to travel slowly in those tearing, vibrating premises, are the
+hands of the clock.</p>
+
+<p>Slowly things draw on toward publication, the consummation of all those
+stresses. Then, in the small hours, in the now dark and deserted streets
+comes a wild whirl of carts and men, the place spurts paper at every
+door; bales, heaps, torrents of papers, that are snatched and flung
+about in what looks like a free fight, and off with a rush and clatter
+east, west, north and south. The interest passes outwardly; the men from
+the little rooms are going homeward, the printers disperse, yawning, the
+roaring presses slacken. The paper exists. Distribution follows
+manufacture, and we follow the bundles.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32"></a>[<a href="images/034.png">32</a>]</span></p><p>Our vision becomes a vision of dispersal. You see those bundles hurling
+into stations, catching trains by a hair's breadth, speeding on their
+way, breaking up, smaller bundles of them hurled with a fierce accuracy
+out upon the platforms that rush by, and then everywhere a division of
+these smaller bundles into still smaller bundles, into dispersing
+parcels, into separate papers. The dawn happens unnoticed amidst a great
+running and shouting of boys, a shoving through letter-slots, openings
+of windows, spreading out upon book-stalls. For the space of a few
+hours, you must figure the whole country dotted white with rustling
+papers. Placards everywhere vociferate the hurried lie for the day. Men
+and women in trains, men and women eating and reading, men by study
+fenders, people sitting up in bed, mothers and sons and daughters
+waiting for father to finish&mdash;a million scattered people are
+reading&mdash;reading headlong&mdash;or feverishly ready to read. It is just as if
+some vehement jet had sprayed that white foam of papers over the surface
+of the land.</p>
+
+<p>Nonsense! The whole affair is a noisy paroxysm of nonsense, unreasonable
+excitement, witless mischief, and waste of strength&mdash;signifying nothing.</p>
+
+<p class="right">&mdash;From <span class="smcap">H. G. Wells</span> "In the Days of the Comet."</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep12.jpg" width='83' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<h2>A VISIT TO SING SING.</h2>
+
+<h3>By <span class="smcap">A Moralist</span>.</h3>
+
+<p class="cap">I WAS ennuy&eacute;; the everlasting decency and respectability of my
+surroundings bored me. On whichever side of me I looked, I saw people
+doing the same things for the same reasons; or for the same lack of
+reasons. And they were uninteresting.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh," said I to myself, "these are the people of the ruts; they go that
+way because others have gone; they are conforming. But there must be
+some persons who do not conform. Where are they?"</p>
+
+<p>Now you can understand why it was that my thoughts turned toward that
+monument of our civilization on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33"></a>[<a href="images/035.png">33</a>]</span> Hudson River, and why finally I
+made up my mind to visit it.</p>
+
+<p>I knew that neither my citizenship, nor yet my philosophic and human
+interest in the working of that great school would avail to obtain me
+entrance there, so I sought out one of the politicians of my district,
+who at that time at least exercised his activities outside of the walls
+of the building, and I exchanged with him a five-dollar bill for an
+order to admit me.</p>
+
+<p>"I suppose," I said to the attendant who did the honors of the place for
+me, "that these persons who are garbed alike and who affect the same
+tonsorial effect are those who have been unskillful in their
+non-conformity."</p>
+
+<p>"They are prisoners," he replied. I bit my lip and looked as smug as I
+remembered one should who as yet has the right of egress as well as
+ingress in an institution of that character.</p>
+
+<p>At that moment my eyes fell on a face that seemed familiar to me, and as
+I studied it I saw with surprise that I had come upon a man who had once
+been a schoolmate of mine.</p>
+
+<p>Now I had always believed that if a person had done wrong, he would be
+conscious of it; and that if he were found out he would at least try to
+appear penitent. But in this case my theory did not seem to be working;
+for my former chum, whom I remembered as a quiet, unobtrusive fellow,
+met my startled glance with a twinkle of suppressed humor. I confess
+that such a blow to my theory filled me with indignation.</p>
+
+<p>I stepped toward him, all my moral superiority betraying itself in the
+self-satisfied smirk which fixed itself on my face in accordance with
+the sense of duty which the Philistine feels so keenly in his relations
+with others.</p>
+
+<p>"Why are you here?" I asked him.</p>
+
+<p>"Are you not a little impertinent?" he asked. "I do not inquire of you
+why you are here."</p>
+
+<p>"That is obvious, to say the least," I answered loftily.</p>
+
+<p>"Obvious from your pharisaical expression, perhaps," he said
+good-naturedly. "But never mind! We look at the matter from different
+points of view. To me it is a greater indiscretion to annoy a helpless
+prisoner with 'holier-than-thou' questions than it would be to attend<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></a>[<a href="images/036.png">34</a>]</span>
+the Charity Ball in pajamas. But of course you do not see it in the same
+light."</p>
+
+<p>"Pardon me if I annoyed you," I said stiffly.</p>
+
+<p>"Don't mention it," he replied, with the humorous twinkle still playing
+in his eyes. "And to prove that I bear no hard feeling, I will ask you
+some questions."</p>
+
+<p>Naturally I was embarrassed at such an exhibition of hardihood in one in
+his situation, but I said I would be pleased to answer him to the best
+of my ability.</p>
+
+<p>"It is some time since I was away from this retreat on a vacation," he
+said, with an easy assurance that was indescribably shocking to one of
+correct principles, "and I would like to know if all the rascals have
+yet been put in prison."</p>
+
+<p>I pushed my insurance policy a little deeper into my pocket and replied,
+with conviction:</p>
+
+<p>"Certainly not; but you must not forget that no man is guilty until he
+has been proven so."</p>
+
+<p>"Ah, yes," he said; "and that a man may pride himself on his honesty on
+the secure ground that he has not yet reached the penitentiary. Yes, of
+course, you are right. But, tell me, is it true, according to a rumor
+which has reached us in our seclusion, that these good Christians <i>pro
+tem</i>, are considering the advisability of having rat poison served to us
+in place of the delicious stale bread and flat water which now comprise
+our bill of fare?"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh," I answered vaguely, "there are still reformers of all sorts in the
+world."</p>
+
+<p>"Reformers!" he cried, his face lighting up with a new interest. "Ah!
+you mean those profound thinkers who seek to cure every disease of the
+social body by means of legislation. Yes, yes! tell me about them!
+Society still believes in them?"</p>
+
+<p>"Believes in them!" I cried indignantly. "Surely it does. Why, the great
+political parties are responding to the cry of the downtrodden masses,
+and&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh," he said dreamily, "they are still responding?"</p>
+
+<p>"What do you mean by still responding?" I demanded curtly.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></a>[<a href="images/037.png">35</a>]</span></p><p>"Why, I remember that in my time, too, the people always responded. The
+party leaders would say to them that they were in a bad way and needed
+help. The people would cry out in joy to think their leaders had
+discovered this. Then the leaders would wink at each other and jump upon
+the platforms and explain to the people that what was needed was a new
+law of some sort. The people would weep for happiness at such wisdom and
+would beg their leaders to get together and make the law. And the law
+that the leaders would make when they got together was one that would
+put the people still more in their power. So that is still going on?"</p>
+
+<p>I recognized that he was ironical, but I answered with a sneer:</p>
+
+<p>"The people get what they deserve, and what they wish. They have only to
+demand through the ballot box, you know."</p>
+
+<p>"Ah, yes," he murmured with a grin, "I had forgotten the ballot box.
+Dear me! how could I have forgotten the ballot box?"</p>
+
+<p>Providentially the keeper came to notify me that my time was up, and I
+turned away.</p>
+
+<p>"One thing more," cried the prisoner; "is it still the case that the
+American people enjoy their freedom best when they are enslaved in some
+way?"</p>
+
+<p>"You are outrageous," I exclaimed; "the American people are not enslaved
+in any way. It is true they are restricted for their own good by those
+more capable of judging than they. That must always be the case."</p>
+
+<p>"I don't know about must," he sighed, "but I am sure it will always be
+the case as long as a man's idea of freedom is his ability to impose
+some slavish notion on his brother."</p>
+
+<p>"Good-bye," I said, with a recurrence to my smirk of pharisaical pity,
+"I am sorry to see you here."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, don't be troubled on my account," he answered; "on the whole, I am
+satisfied."</p>
+
+<p>"Satisfied! Impossible!" I cried.</p>
+
+<p>"Why impossible? Consider that I shall never again be compelled to
+associate with decent, honest folk. Oh, I have cause to be satisfied; I
+am here on a life sentence."</p>
+
+<p class="tbrk">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></a>[<a href="images/038.png">36</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h2>THE OLD AND THE NEW DRAMA.</h2>
+
+<h3>By <span class="smcap">Max Baginski</span>.</h3>
+
+<p class="cap">THE inscription over the Drama in olden times used to be, "Man, look
+into this mirror of life; your soul will be gripped in its innermost
+depths, anguish and dread will take possession of you in the face of
+this rage of human desire and passion. Go ye, atone and make good."</p>
+
+<p>Even Schiller entertained this view when he called the Stage a moral
+institution. It was also from this standpoint that the Drama was
+expected to show the terrible consequences of uncontrolled human
+passion, and that these consequences should teach man to overcome
+himself. "To conquer oneself is man's greatest triumph."</p>
+
+<p>This ascetic tendency, incidentally part of chastisement and acquired
+resignation, one can trace in every investigation of the value and
+meaning of the Drama, though in different forms. The avenging Nemesis,
+always at the heels of the sinner, may be placated by means of rigid
+self-control and self-denial. This, too, was Schopenhauer's idea of the
+Drama. In it, his eye perceived with horror that human relation became
+disastrously interwoven; that guilt and atonement made light of the
+human race, which merely served as a target for the principles of good
+and evil. Guilt and atonement reign because the blind force of life will
+not resign itself, but, on the contrary, is ever ready to yield itself
+to the struggle of the passions. Mountains of guilt pile themselves on
+the top of each other, while purifying fires ever flame up into the heavens.</p>
+
+<p>In the idea that Life in itself is a great guilt, Schopenhauer coincides
+with the teachings of Christ, though otherwise he has little regard for
+them. With Christ, he recognized in the chastisement of the body a
+purification of the mind; the inner man, who thus escapes from close
+physical intimacy, as if from bad company. The spiritual man appears
+before the physical as a saint and a Pharisee. In reality, he is the
+intellectual cause of the so-called bad deeds of the human body, its
+path indicator and teacher. But, once the mischief is accomplished, he
+puts on a pious air and denies all <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></a>[<a href="images/039.png">37</a>]</span>responsibility for the deed.
+Wherever the idea of guilt, the fear of sin prevails, the mind becomes
+traitor to the body: "I know him not and will have nothing to do with
+him." Whenever man entertains the belief in good and evil, he is bound
+to pretend the good and do the evil. And yet the understanding of all
+human occurrences begins, as with the Zarathustra philosopher, beyond good and evil.</p>
+
+<p>The modern drama is, in its profoundest depths, an attempt to ignore
+good and evil in its analysis of human manifestations. It aims to get at
+a complete whole, out of each strong, healthy emotion, out of each
+absorbing mood that carries and urges one forward from the beginning to
+the end. It represents the World as it reflects itself in each passion,
+in each quivering life; not trying to confine and to judge, to condemn
+or to praise; not acting merely in the capacity of a cold observer; but
+striving to grow in oneness with Life; to become color, tone and light;
+to absorb universal sorrow as one's own; universal joy as one's own; to
+feel every emotion as it manifests itself in a natural way; to be one's
+self, yet oblivious of self.</p>
+
+<p>The modern dramatist tries to understand and to explain. Goodness is no
+longer entitled to a reward, like a pupil who knows his lesson; nor is
+evil condemned to an eternal Hell. Both belong together in the sphere of
+all that is human. Often enough it is seen that evil triumphs over good,
+while virtue, ever highly praised in words, is rarely practiced. It is
+set aside to become dusty and dirty in some obscure corner. Only at some
+opportune moment is it brought forward from its hiding place to serve as
+a cover for some vile deed. We can no longer believe that beyond and
+above us there is some irrevocable, irresistible Fate, whose duty it is
+to punish all evil and wrong and to reward all goodness; an idea so
+fondly cherished by our grandfathers.</p>
+
+<p>To-day we no longer look for the force of fate outside of human
+activity. It lives and weaves its own tragedies and comedies with us and
+within us. It has its roots in our social, political and economic
+surroundings, in our physical, mental and psychic capacities. (Did not
+the fate of Cyrano de Bergerac lie in his gigantic nose?) With others,
+fate lies in their vocation in life, in their mental and emotional
+tendencies, which either submerge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></a>[<a href="images/040.png">38</a>]</span> them into the hurry and rush of a
+commonplace existence, or bring them into the most annoying conflicts
+with the <i>dicta</i> of society. Indeed, it is often seen that a human
+being, apparently of a cheerful nature, but who has failed to establish
+a durable relation with society, often leads a most tragic inner life.
+Should he find the cause in his own inclinations, and suffer agonizing
+reproaches therefrom, he becomes a misanthrope. If, however, he feels
+inwardly robust and powerful, living truly, if he crave complete
+assertion of a self that is being hampered by his surroundings at every
+step, he must inevitably become a Revolutionist. And, again, his life
+may become tragic in the struggle with our powerful institutions and
+traditions, the leaden weight of which will, apparently, not let him
+soar through space to ever greater heights. Apparently, because it
+sometimes occurs that an individual rises above the average, and waves
+his colors over the heads of the common herd. His life is that of the
+storm bird, anxiously making for distant shores. The efforts of the
+deepest, truest and freest spirits of our day tend toward the conscious
+formation of life, toward that life which will make the blind raging of
+the elements impossible; a life which will show man his sovereignity and
+admit his right to direct his own world.</p>
+
+<p>The old conception of the drama paid little or no attention to the
+importance of the influences of social conditions. It was the individual
+alone who had to carry the weight of all responsibility. But is not the
+tragedy greater, the suffering of the individual increased, by
+influences he cannot control, the existing social and moral conditions?
+And is it not true that the very best and most beautiful in the human
+breast cannot and will not bow down to the commands of the commonplace
+and everyday conditions? Out of the anachronisms of society and its
+relation to the individual grow the strongest motives of the modern
+drama. Pure personal conflicts are no longer considered important enough
+to bring about a dramatic climax. A play must contain the beating of the
+waves, the deep breath of life; and its strong invigorating breeze can
+never fail in bringing about a dramatic effect upon our emotions. The
+new drama means reproduction of nature in all its phases, the social and
+psychological included. It embraces, analyzes and enriches all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39"></a>[<a href="images/041.png">39</a>]</span> life. It
+goes hand in hand with the longing for materially and mentally
+harmonious institutions. It rehabilitates the human body, establishes it
+in its proper place and dignity, and brings about the long deferred
+reconciliation between the mind and the body.</p>
+
+<p>Full of enthusiasm, with the pulse of time throbbing in his veins, the
+modern dramatist compiles mountains of material for the better
+understanding of Man, and the influences that mould and form him. He no
+longer presents capital acts, extraordinary events, or melodramatic
+expressions. It is life in all its complexity, that is being unfolded
+before us, and so we come closer to the source of the forces that
+destroy and build up again, the forces that make for individual
+character and direct the world at large. Life, as a whole, is being
+dealt with, and not mere particles. Formerly our eyes were dazzled by a
+display of costumes and scenery, while the heart remained unmoved. This
+no longer satisfies. One must feel the warmth of life, in order to
+respond, to be gripped.</p>
+
+<p>The sphere of the drama has widened most marvellously in all directions,
+and only ends where human limitations begin. Together with this, a
+marked deepening of the inner world has taken place. Still there are
+those who have much to say about the vulgarity contained in the modern
+drama, and how its inaugurators and following present the ugly and
+untruthful. Untrue and ugly, indeed, for those who are buried under a
+mass of inherited views and prejudices. The growth of the scope of the
+drama has increased the number of the participants therein. Formerly it
+was assumed that the fate of the ordinary man, the man of the masses,
+was altogether too obscure, too indifferent to serve as material for
+anything tragic; since those who had never dwelt in the heights of
+material splendor could not go down to the darkest and lowest abyss.
+Because of that assumption, the low and humble never gained access to
+the center of the stage; they were only utilized to represent mobs.
+Those that were of importance were persons of high position and
+standing, persons who represented wealth and power with superiority and
+dignity, yet with shallow and superficial airs. The ensemble was but a
+mechanism and not an organism; and each participant was stiff and
+lifeless; each movement was forced and strained. The old fate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40"></a>[<a href="images/042.png">40</a>]</span> and hero
+drama did not spring from within Man and the things about him; it was
+merely manufactured. Most remarkable incidents, unheard of situations
+had to be invented, if only to produce, externally, an appearance of
+coinciding cause and effect; and not a single plot could be without
+secret doors and vaults, terrible oaths and perjury. If Ibsen, Gorky,
+Hauptmann, Gabrielle D'Annunzio and others had brought us nothing else
+but liberation from such grotesque ballast, from such impossibilities as
+destroy every illusion as to the life import of a play, they would still
+be entitled to our gratitude and the gratitude of posterity. But they
+have done more. Out of the confusion of trap doors, secret passages,
+folding screens, they have led us into the light of day, of undisguised
+events, with their simple distinct outlines. In this light, the man of
+the heap gains in life force, importance and depth. The stage no longer
+offers a place for impossible deeds and the endless monologues of the
+hero, the important feature is harmonious concert of action. The hero,
+on a stage that conscientiously stands for real art and aims to produce
+life, is about as superfluous as the clown who amused the audience
+between the acts. After all the spectacle of one star display, one
+cannot help but hail the refreshing contrast, shown in the "Man of
+Destiny," by the clever Bernard Shaw, where he presents the legend-hero,
+Napoleon, as a petty intriguer, with all the inner fear and uneasiness
+of a plotter. In these days of concerted energy, of the co-operation of
+numerous hands and brains; in the days when the most far-reaching effect
+can only be accomplished through the summons of a manifold physical and
+mental endeavor, the existence of these loud heroes is circumscribed
+within rather limited lines.</p>
+
+<p>Previous generations could never have grasped the deep tragedy in that
+famous painting of Millet that inspired Edwin Markham to write his "Man
+with the Hoe." Our generation, however, is thrilled by it. And is there
+not something terribly tragic about the lives of the great masses who
+pierced the colossal stone cliffs of the Simplon, or who are building
+the Panama Canal? They have and are performing a task that may safely be
+compared with the extraordinary achievements of Hercules; works which,
+according to human conception, will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41"></a>[<a href="images/043.png">41</a>]</span> last into eternity. The names and
+the characters of these workmen are unknown. The historians, coldly and
+disinterestedly, pass them by.</p>
+
+<p>The new drama has unveiled this kind of tragedy. It has done away with
+the lie that sought to produce a violent dramatic effect through a
+plunge from the sublime to the ridiculous. Those who understand
+Tolstoy's "Power of Darkness," wherein but those of the lowest strata
+appear, will be overwhelmed by the terrible tragedy in their lives, in
+comparison with which the worries of some crowned head or the money
+troubles of some powerful speculator will appear insignificant indeed.
+That which this master unfolds before us is no longer a plunge from
+heaven to hell; the entire life of these people is an Inferno. The
+terrible darkness and ignorance of these people, forced on them by the
+social misery of dull necessity, produces greater soul sensations in the
+spectator than the stilted tragedy of a Corneille. Those who witness a
+performance of Gerhart Hauptmann's "Hannele" and fail to be stirred by
+the grandeur and depth of that masterpiece, regardless of its petty
+poorhouse atmosphere, deserve to see nothing else than the "Wizard of
+Oz." And again is not the long thunderous march of hungry strikers in
+Zola's "Germinal" as awe-inspiring to those who feel the heart beat of
+our age even as the heroic deeds of Hannibal's warriors were to his contemporaries?</p>
+
+<p>The world stage ever represents a change of participants. The one who
+played the part of leading man in one century, may become a clown in
+another. Entire social classes and casts that formerly commanded first
+parts, are to-day utilized to make up stage decorations or as
+figurantes. Plays representing the glory of knighthood or minnesingers
+would only amuse to-day, no matter how serious they were intended to
+appear. Once anything lies buried under the bulk of social changes, it
+can affect coming generations only so far as the excavated skeleton
+affects the geologist. This must be borne in mind by sincere stage art,
+if it is not to remain in the stifling atmosphere of tradition, if it
+does not wish to degrade a noble method, that helps to recognize and
+disclose all that is rich and deep in the human into a commonplace,
+hypocritical and stupid method. If the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42"></a>[<a href="images/044.png">42</a>]</span> artist's creation is to have any
+effect, it must contain elements of real life, and must turn its gaze
+toward the dawn of the morn of a more beautiful and joyous world, with a
+new and healthy generation, that feels deeply its relationship with all
+human beings over the universe.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep12.jpg" width='83' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>In a report of the Russian government, it is stated that the conduct of
+the soldiers in the struggles of the streets was such, that in no
+instance did they transgress the limit which is prescribed to them in
+their oath as soldiers. This is true. The soldier's oath prescribes
+murder and cruelty as their patriotic duty.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep11.jpg" width='50' height='16' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p>If government, were it even an ideal Revolutionary government, creates
+no new force and is of no use whatever in the work of demolition which
+we have to accomplish, still less can we count on it for the work of
+reorganization which must follow that of demolition. The economic change
+which will result from the Social Revolution will be so immense and so
+profound, it must so change all the relations based to-day on property
+and exchange, that it is impossible for one or any individual to
+elaborate the different social forms, which must spring up in the
+society of the future. This elaboration of new social forms can only be
+made by the collective work of the masses. To satisfy the immense
+variety of conditions and needs which will spring up as soon as private
+property shall be abolished, it is necessary to have the collective
+suppleness of mind of the whole people. Any authority external to it
+will only be an obstacle, only a trammel on the organic labor which must
+be accomplished, and beside that a source of discord and hatred.</p>
+
+<p class="right">Kropotkine.</p>
+
+<div class="center"><img src="images/sep13.jpg" width='80' height='37' alt="Decorative separator" /></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43"></a>[<a href="images/045.png">43</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h2>A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY.&mdash;POLICE PROTECTION.</h2>
+
+<p class="cap">CHICAGO'S pride are the stockyards, the Standard Oil University, and
+Miss Jane Addams. It is, therefore, perfectly natural that the
+sensibility of such a city would suffer as soon as it became known that
+an obscure person, by the common name of E. G. Smith, was none other
+than the awful Emma Goldman, and that she had not even presented herself
+to Mayor Dunne, the platonic lover of Municipal Ownership. However, not
+much harm came of it.</p>
+
+<p>The Chicago newspapers, who cherish the truth like a costly jewel, made
+the discovery that the shrewd Miss Smith compromised a number of
+Chicago's aristocracy and excellencies, among others also Baron von
+Schlippenbach, consul of the Russian Empire. We consider it our duty to
+defend this gentleman against such an awful accusation. Miss Smith never
+visited the house of the Baron, nor did she attend any of his banquets.
+We know her well and feel confident that she never would put her foot on
+the threshold of a representative of a government that crushes every
+free breath, every free word; that sends her very best and noblest sons
+and daughters to prison or the gallows; that has the children of the
+soil, the peasants, publicly flogged; and that is responsible for the
+barbarous slaughter of thousands of Jews.</p>
+
+<p>Miss Jane Addams, too, is quite safe from Miss Smith. True, she invited
+her to be present at a reception, but, knowing the weak knees of the
+soup kitchen philanthropy from past experience, Miss Smith called her up
+on the 'phone and told her that E. G. S. was the dreaded Emma Goldman.
+It must have been quite a shock to the lady; after all, one cannot
+afford to hurt the sensibilities of society, so long as one has
+political and public aspirations. Miss E. G. Smith, being a strong
+believer in the prevention of cruelty, preferred to leave the purity of
+the Hull House untouched. After her return to New York, E. G. Smith sent
+Smith about its business, and started on a lecture tour in her own
+right, as Emma Goldman.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Cleveland.</span> Dear old friends and co-workers: The work you accomplished
+was splendid, also the comradely spirit of the young. But why spoil it
+by bad example of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44"></a>[<a href="images/046.png">44</a>]</span> applying for protection from the city authorities? It
+does not behoove us, who neither believe in their right to prohibit free
+assembly, nor to permit it, to appeal to them. If the authorities choose
+to do either, they merely prove their autocracy. Those who love freedom
+must understand that it is even more distasteful to speak under police
+protection than it is to suffer under their persecution. However, the
+meetings were very encouraging and the feeling of solidarity sweet and
+refreshing.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Buffalo.</span> The shadow of September 6 still haunts the police of that city.
+Their only vision of an Anarchist is one who is forever lying in wait
+for human life, which is, of course, very stupid; but stupidity and
+authority always join forces. Capt. Ward, who, with a squad of police,
+came to save the innocent citizens of Buffalo, asked if we knew the law,
+and was quite surprised that that was not our trade; that we had not
+been employed to disentangle the chaos of the law,&mdash;that it was his
+affair to know the law. However, the Captain showed himself absolutely
+ignorant of the provisions of the American Constitution. Of course, his
+superiors knew what they were about when they set the Constitution
+aside, as old and antiquated, and, instead, enacted a law which gives
+the average officer a right to invade the head and heart of a man, as to
+what he thinks and feels. Capt. Ward added an amendment to the
+anti-Anarchist law. He declared any other language than English a
+felony, and, since Max Baginski could only avail himself of the German
+language, he was not permitted to speak. How is that for our law-abiding
+citizens? A man is brutally prevented from speaking, because he does not
+know the refined English language of the police force.</p>
+
+<p>Emma Goldman delivered her address in English. It is not likely that
+Capt. Ward understood enough of that language. However, the audience
+did, and if the police of this country were not so barefaced, the
+saviour of Buffalo would have wished himself anywhere rather than to
+stand exposed as a clown before a large gathering of men and women.</p>
+
+<p>The meeting the following evening was forcibly dispersed before the
+speakers had arrived. Ignorance is always brutal when it is backed by
+power.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45"></a>[<a href="images/047.png">45</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Toronto.</span> King Edward Hotel, Queen Victoria Manicuring Parlor. It was
+only when we read these signs that we realized that we were on the soil
+of the British Empire.</p>
+
+<p>However, the monarchical authorities of Canada were more hospitable and
+much freer than those of our free Republic. Not a sign of an officer at
+any of the meetings.</p>
+
+<p>The city? A gray sky, rain, storms. Altogether one was reminded of one
+of Heine's witty, drastic criticisms in reference to a well-known German
+university town. "Dogs on the street," Heine writes, "implore strangers
+to kick them, so that they may have some change from the awful monotony and dulness."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rochester.</span> The neighborly influence of the Buffalo police seems to have
+had a bad effect upon the mental development of the Rochester
+authorities. The hall was packed with officers at both meetings. The
+government of Rochester, however, was not saved&mdash;the police kept
+themselves in good order. Some of them seem to have benefited by the
+lectures. That accounts for the familiarity of one of Rochester's
+"finest," who wanted to shake Emma Goldman's hand. E. G. had to decline.
+Baron von Schlippenbach or an American representative of law and
+disorder,&mdash;where is the difference?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Syracuse.</span> The city where the trains run through the streets. With
+Tolstoy, one feels that civilization is a crime and a mistake, when one
+sees nerve-wrecking machines running through the streets, poisoning the
+atmosphere with soft coal smoke.</p>
+
+<p>What! Anarchists within the walls of Syracuse? O horror! The newspapers
+reported of special session at City Hall, how to meet the terrible
+calamity.</p>
+
+<p>Well, Syracuse still stands on its old site. The second meeting,
+attended largely by "genuine" Americans, brought by curiosity perhaps,
+was very successful. We were assured that the lecture made a splendid
+impression, which led us to think that we probably were guilty of some
+foolishness, as the Greek philosopher, when his lectures were applauded,
+would turn to his hearers and ask, "Gentlemen, have I committed some
+folly?"</p>
+
+<p>Au revoir.</p>
+
+<p class="right">E. G. and M. B.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46"></a>[<a href="images/048.png">46</a>]</span></p>
+
+<p class="tbrk">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h2>THE MORAL DEMAND.</h2>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">A Comedy, in One Act, by Otto Erich Hartleben.</span></h3>
+
+<h3>Translated from the German for "Mother Earth."</h3>
+
+<h3>CAST.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita Revera</span>, concert singer.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich Stierwald</span>, owner of firm of "C. W. Stierwald Sons" in
+Rudolstadt.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>, Rita's maid.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>Time.</i>&mdash;End of the nineteenth century.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>Place.</i>&mdash;A large German fashionable bathing resort.</p>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<p>Scene.&mdash;<i>Rita's boudoir. Small room elegantly furnished in Louis XVI.
+style. In the background, a broad open door, with draperies, which leads
+into an antechamber. To the right, a piano, in front of which stands a
+large, comfortable stool.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>enters the antechamber attired in an elaborate ball toilette. She
+wears a gray silk cloak, a lace fichu, and a parasol. Gaily tripping
+toward the front, she sings</i>): "Les envoy&eacute;es du paradis sont les
+mascottes, mes amis...." (<i>She lays the parasol on the table and takes
+off her long white gloves, all the while singing the melody. She
+interrupts herself and calls aloud</i>) Bertha! Bertha! (<i>Sings</i>) O
+Bertholina, O Bertholina!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>walks through the middle</i>): My lady, your pleasure?</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita has taken off her cloak and stands in front of the mirror. She is
+still humming the melody absentmindedly</i>).</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Bertha takes off Rita's wraps.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>turns around merrily</i>): Tell me, Bertha, why does not the
+electric bell ring? I must always sing first, must always squander all
+my flute notes first ere I can entice you to come. What do you suppose
+that costs? With that I can immediately arrange another charity matin&eacute;e.
+Terrible thing, isn't it?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: Yes. The man has not yet repaired it.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: O, Bertholina, <i>why</i> has the man not yet repaired it?</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47"></a>[<a href="images/049.png">47</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: Yes. The man intended to come early in the morning.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: The man has often wanted to do so. He does not seem to possess a
+strong character. (<i>She points to her cloak</i>) Dust it well before
+placing it in the wardrobe. The dust is simply terrible in this place
+... and this they call a fresh-air resort. Has anybody called?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: Yes, my lady, the Count. He has&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Well, yes; I mean anyone else?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: No. No one.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Hm! Let me have my dressing gown.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Bertha goes to the sleeping chamber to the left.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>steps in front of the mirror, singing softly</i>): "Les envoy&eacute;es du
+paradis...." (<i>Suddenly raising her voice, she asks Bertha</i>) How long
+did he wait?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: What?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: I would like to know how long he waited.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: An hour.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>to herself</i>): He does not love me any more. (<i>Loudly</i>) But during
+that time he might have at least repaired the bell. He is of no use
+whatever. (<i>She laughs.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: The Count came directly from the matin&eacute;e and asked me where your
+ladyship had gone to dine. Naturally I did not know.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Did he ask&mdash;anything else?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: No, he looked at the photographs.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>in the door</i>): Well? And does he expect to come again to-day?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: Yes, certainly. At four o'clock.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>looks at the clock</i>): Oh, but that's boring. Now it is already
+half-past three. One cannot even drink coffee in peace. Hurry, Bertha,
+prepare the coffee.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Bertha leaves the room, carrying the articles of attire.</i>)</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita, after a pause, singing a melancholy melody.</i>)</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Friedrich Stierwald, a man very carefully dressed in black, about
+thirty years of age, with a black cr&ecirc;pe around his stiff hat, enters
+from the rear into the antechamber, followed by Bertha.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: But the lady is not well.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Please tell the lady that I am passing through here, and that
+I must speak with her about a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48"></a>[<a href="images/050.png">48</a>]</span> very pressing matter. It is absolutely
+necessary. Please! (<i>He gives her money and his card.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: Yes, I shall take your card, but I fear she will not receive
+you.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Why not? O, yes! Just go&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: This morning she sang at a charity matin&eacute;e and so&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: I know, I know. Listen! (<i>Rita's singing has grown louder</i>)
+Don't you hear how she sings? Oh, do go!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>shaking her head</i>): Well, then&mdash;wait a moment. (<i>She passes
+through the room to the half-opened door of the sleeping apartment,
+knocks</i>) Dear lady!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>from within</i>): Well? What's the matter?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>at the door</i>): Oh, this gentleman here&mdash;he wishes to see you
+very much. He is passing through here.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>within; laughs</i>): Come in.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Bertha disappears.</i>)</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Friedrich has walked up to the middle door, where he remains
+standing.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Well. Who is it? Friedrich&mdash;&mdash; Hmm&mdash;&mdash; I shall come immediately.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>comes out and looks at Friedrich in surprise</i>): My lady wishes
+you to await her. (<i>She walks away, after having taken another glance at
+Friedrich.</i>)</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Friedrich looks about embarrassed and shyly.</i>)</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita enters attired in a tasteful dressing gown, but remains standing
+in the door.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>bows; softly</i>): Good day.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita looks at him with an ironical smile and remains silent.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: You remember me? Don't you?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>quietly</i>): Strange. You&mdash;come to see me? What has become of your
+good training? (<i>Laughs.</i>) Have you lost all sense of shame?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>stretches out his hand, as if imploring</i>): Oh, I beg of you,
+I beg of you; not this tone! I really came to explain everything to you,
+everything. And possibly to set things aright.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: You&mdash;with me! (<i>She shakes her head.</i>) Incredible! But, please,
+since you are here, sit down. With what can you serve me?</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49"></a>[<a href="images/051.png">49</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>seriously</i>): Miss Hattenbach, I really should&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>lightly</i>): Pardon me, my name is Revera. Rita Revera.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: I know that you call yourself by that name now. But you won't
+expect me, an old friend of your family, to make use of this romantic,
+theatrical name. For me you are now, as heretofore, the daughter of the
+esteemed house of Hattenbach, with which I&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>quickly and sharply</i>): With which your father transacts business,
+I know.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>with emphasis</i>): With which I now am myself associated.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Is it possible? And your father?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>seriously</i>): If I had the slightest inkling of your address,
+yes, even your present name, I should not have missed to announce to you
+the sudden death of my father.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>after pause</i>): Oh, he is dead. I see you still wear mourning. How
+long ago is it?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Half a year. Since then I am looking for you, and I hope you
+will not forbid me to address you now, as of yore, with that name, which
+is so highly esteemed in our native city.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>smiling friendly</i>): Your solemnity&mdash;is delightful. Golden! But
+sit down.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>remains standing; he is hurt</i>): I must confess, Miss
+Hattenbach, that I was not prepared for such a reception from you. I
+hoped that I might expect, after these four or five years, that you
+would receive me differently than with this&mdash;with this&mdash;how shall I say?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Toleration.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: No, with this arrogance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: How?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>controlling himself</i>): I beg your pardon. I am sorry to have
+said that.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>after a pause, hostile</i>): You wish to be taken seriously? (<i>She
+sits down, with a gesture of the hand</i>) Please, what have you to say to
+me?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Much. Oh, very much. (<i>He also sits down.</i>) But&mdash;you are not
+well to-day?</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50"></a>[<a href="images/052.png">50</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Not well? What makes you say so?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Yes, the maid told me so.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: The maid&mdash;she is a useful person. That makes me think. You
+certainly expect to stay here some time, do you not?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: With your permission. I have much to tell you.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: I thought so. (<i>Calling loudly</i>) Bertha! Bertha! Do you suppose
+one could get an electric bell repaired here? Impossible.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>enters</i>): My lady?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Bertha, when the Count comes&mdash;now I am really sick.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>nods</i>): Very well. (<i>She leaves.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>calls after her</i>): And where is the coffee? I shall famish.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>outside</i>): Immediately.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: The&mdash;the Count&mdash;did you say?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Yes, quite a fine fellow otherwise, but&mdash;would not fit in now. I
+wanted to say: I am passionately fond of electric bells. You know they
+have a fabulous charm for me. One only needs to touch them softly, ever
+so softly, with the small finger, and still cause a terrible noise.
+Fine&mdash;is it not? You wanted to talk about serious matters. It seems so
+to me.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Yes. And I beg of you, Miss Erna&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Erna?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Erna!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Oh, well!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>continuing</i>): I beg of you; be really and truly serious.
+Yes? Listen to what I have to say to you. Be assured that it comes from
+an honest, warm heart. During the years in which I have not seen you, I
+have grown to be a serious man&mdash;perhaps, too serious for my age&mdash;but my
+feelings for you have remained young, quite young. Do you hear me, Erna?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>leaning back in the rocking chair, with a sigh</i>): I hear.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: And you know, Erna, how I have always loved you from my
+earliest youth, yes, even sooner than I myself suspected. You know that,
+yes?</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita is silent and does not look at him</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51"></a>[<a href="images/053.png">51</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: When I was still a foolish schoolboy I already called you my
+betrothed, and I could not but think otherwise than that I would some
+day call you my wife. You certainly know that, don't you?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>reserved</i>): Yes, I know it.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Well, then you ought to be able to understand what dreadful
+feelings overcame me when I discovered, sooner than you or the world,
+the affection of my father for you. That was&mdash;no, you cannot grasp it.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>looks at him searchingly</i>): Sooner than I and all the world?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Oh, a great deal sooner ... that was.... That time was the
+beginning of the hardest innermost struggles for me. What was I to do?
+(<i>He sighs deeply</i>.) Ah, Miss Erna, we people are really&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Yes, yes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: We are dreadfully shallow-minded. How seldom one of us can
+really live as he would like to. Must we not always and forever consider
+others&mdash;and our surroundings?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Must?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Well, yes, we do so, at least. And when it is our own father!
+For, look here, Erna, I never would have been able to oppose my father!
+I was used, as you well know, from childhood to always look up to my
+father with the greatest respect. He used to be severe, my father, proud
+and inaccessible, but&mdash;if I may be permitted to say so, he was an
+excellent man.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Well?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>eagerly</i>): Yes, indeed! You must remember that it was he
+alone who established our business by means of his powerful energy and
+untiring diligence. Only now I myself have undertaken the management of
+the establishment. I am able to see what an immense work he has
+accomplished.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>simply</i>): Yes, he was an able business man.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: In every respect! Ability personified, and he had grown to be
+fifty-two years of age and was still, still&mdash;how shall I say?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Still able.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Well, yes; I mean a vigorous man in his best years. For
+fifteen years he had been a widower,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a>[<a href="images/054.png">52</a>]</span> he had worked, worked unceasingly,
+and then&mdash;the house was well established&mdash;he could think of placing some
+of the work upon younger shoulders. He could think of enjoying his life
+once more.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>softly</i>): That is&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>continuing</i>): And he thought he had found, in you, the one
+who would bring back to him youth and the joy of life.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>irritated</i>): Yes, but then you ought to&mdash;(<i>Breaks off.</i>) Oh, it
+is not worth while.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: How? I should have been man enough to say: No, I forbid it;
+that is a folly of age. I, your son, forbid it. I demand her for myself.
+The young fortune is meant for me&mdash;not for you?&mdash;&mdash;No, Erna, I could
+not do that. I could not do that.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: No.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: I, the young clerk, with no future before me!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: No!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: My entire training and my conceptions urged me to consider it
+my duty to simply stand aside and stifle my affection, as I did&mdash;as I
+already told you even before any other person had an idea of the
+intentions of my father. I gradually grew away from you.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>amused</i>): Gradually&mdash;yes, I recollect. You suddenly became
+formal. Indeed, very nice!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: I thought&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Bertha comes with the coffee and serves.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Will you take a cup with me?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>thoughtlessly</i>): I thought&mdash;&mdash;(<i>Correcting himself</i>) pardon
+me! I thank you!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: I hope it will not disturb you if I drink my coffee while you
+continue.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Please (<i>embarrassed</i>). I thought it a proper thing. I hoped
+that my cold and distant attitude would check a possible existing
+affection for me.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Possible existing affection! Fie! Now you are beginning to lie!
+(<i>She jumps up and walks nervously through the room.</i>) As though you had
+not positively known that! (<i>Stepping in front of him</i>) Or what did you
+take me for when I kissed you?</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53"></a>[<a href="images/055.png">53</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>very much frightened, also rises</i>): O, Erna, I always&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>laughs</i>): You are delightful! Delightful! Still the same bashful
+boy&mdash;who does not dare&mdash;(<i>she laughs and sits down again</i>.) Delightful.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>after a silence, hesitatingly</i>): Well, are you going to
+allow me to call you Erna again, as of yore?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: As of yore. (<i>She sighs, then gaily</i>) If you care to.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>happy</i>): Yes? May I?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>heartily</i>): O, yes, Fritz. That's better, isn't it? It sounds
+more natural, eh?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>presses her hand and sighs</i>): Yes, really. You take a heavy
+load from me. Everything that I want to say to you can be done so much
+better in the familiar tone.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Oh! Have you still so much to say to me?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Well&mdash;but now tell me first: how was it possible for you to
+undertake such a step. What prompted you to leave so suddenly? Erna,
+Erna, how could you do that?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>proudly</i>): How I could? Can you ask me that? Do you really not
+know it?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>softly</i>): Oh, yes; I do know it, but&mdash;it takes so much to do
+that.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Not more than was in me.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: One thing I must confess to you, although it was really bad
+of me. But I knew no way out of it. I felt relieved after you had gone.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Well, then, that was <i>your</i> heroism.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Do not misunderstand me. I knew my father had&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Yes, yes&mdash;but do not talk about it any more.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: You are right. It was boyish of me. It did not last long, and
+then I mourned for you&mdash;not less than your parents. Oh, Erna! If you
+would see your parents now. They have aged terribly. Your father has
+lost his humor altogether, and is giving full vent to his old passion
+for red wine. Your mother is always ailing, hardly ever leaves the
+house, and both, even though they never lose a word about it, cannot
+reconcile themselves to the thought that their only child left them.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54"></a>[<a href="images/056.png">54</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>after a pause, awakens from her meditation, harshly</i>): Perhaps
+you were sent by my father?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: No&mdash;why?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Then I would show you the door.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Erna!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: A man, who ventured to pay his debts with me&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: How so; what do you mean?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Oh&mdash;let's drop that. Times were bad. But to-day the house of
+Hattenbach enjoys its good old standing, as you say, and has overcome
+the crisis. Then your father must have had some consideration&mdash;without
+me. Well, then.&mdash;&mdash;And Rudolstadt still stands&mdash;on the old spot. That's
+the main thing. But now let us talk about something else, I beg of you.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: No, no, Erna. What you allude to, that&mdash;&mdash;do you really
+believe my father had&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Your father had grown used to buy and attain everything in life
+through money. Why not buy me also? And he had already received the
+promise&mdash;not from me, but from my father. But I am free! I ran away and
+am my own mistress! (<i>With haughtiness.</i>) A young girl, all alone! Down
+with the gang!</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Friedrich is silent and holds his head.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>steps up to him and touches his shoulder, in a friendly manner</i>):
+Don't be sad. At that time your father was the stronger, and&mdash;&mdash;Life is
+not otherwise. After all, one must assert oneself.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: But he robbed you of your happiness.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>jovially</i>): Who knows? It is just as well.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>surprised</i>): Is that possible? Do you call that happiness,
+this being alone?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Yes. That is <span class="smcap">MY</span> happiness&mdash;my freedom, and I love it with
+jealousy, for I fought for it myself.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>bitterly</i>): A great happiness! Outside of family ties,
+outside the ranks of respectable society.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>laughs aloud, but without bitterness</i>): Respectable society! Yes.
+I fled from that&mdash;thank Heaven. (<i>harshly</i>) But if you do not come in
+the name of my father, what do you want here? Why do you come? For what
+purpose? What do you want of me?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Erna, you ask that in a strange manner.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55"></a>[<a href="images/057.png">55</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Well, yes. I have a suspicion that you&mdash;begrudge me my liberty.
+How did you find me, anyway?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Yes, that was hard enough.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Rita Revera is not so unknown.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Rita Revera! Oh, no! How often I have read that name these
+last years&mdash;in the newspapers in Berlin, on various placards, in large
+letters. But how could I ever have thought that you were meant by it?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>laughs</i>): Why did you not go to the "Winter Garden" when you were
+in Berlin?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: I never frequent such places.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Pardon me! Oh, I always forget the old customs.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Oh, please, please, dear Erna; not in this tone of voice!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Which tone?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Erna! Do not make matters so difficult for me. See, after I
+had finally discovered, through an agency in Berlin, and after hunting a
+long time, that you were the famous Revera, I was terribly shocked at
+first, terribly sad, and, for a moment, I thought of giving up
+everything. My worst fears were over. I had the assurance that you lived
+in good, and as I now see, in comfortable circumstances. But, on the
+other hand, I had to be prepared that you might have grown estranged to
+the world in which I live&mdash;that we could hardly understand each other.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Hm! Shall I tell you what was your ideal&mdash;how you would have liked
+to find me again? As a poor seamstress, in an attic room, who, during
+the four years, had lived in hunger and need&mdash;but respectably, that is
+the main point. Then you would have stretched forth your kind arms, and
+the poor, pale little dove would have gratefully embraced you. Will you
+deny that you have imagined it thus and even wished for it?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>looks at her calmly</i>): Well, is there anything wrong about
+it?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: But how did it happen that, regardless of this, of this
+disappointment, you, nevertheless, continued to search for me?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Thank goodness, at the right moment I recollected your clear,
+silvery, childlike laughter. Right<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56"></a>[<a href="images/058.png">56</a>]</span> in the midst of my petty scruples it
+resounded in my ears, as at the time when you ridiculed my gravity. Do
+you still remember that time, Erna?</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita is silent.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>enters with an enormous bouquet of dark red roses</i>): My
+lady&mdash;from the Count.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>jumps up, nervously excited</i>): Roses! My dark roses! Give them to
+me! Ah! (<i>She holds them toward Friedrich and asks</i>) Did he say
+anything?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span>: No, said nothing, but&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>shoves the bouquet, which she holds up closely to his face,
+aside</i>): I thank you.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>without noticing him, to Bertha</i>): Well?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bertha</span> (<i>pointing to the bouquet</i>): The Count has written something on a
+card.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: His card? Where? (<i>She searches among the flowers</i>) Oh, here!
+(<i>She reads; then softly to Bertha</i>) It is all right.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Bertha leaves</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>reads again</i>): "Pour prendre cong&eacute;." (<i>With an easy sigh</i>) Yes,
+yes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: What is the matter?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Sad! His education was hardly half finished and he already
+forsakes me.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: What do you mean? I do not understand you at all.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>her mind is occupied</i>): Too bad. Now he'll grow entirely stupid.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>rises importantly</i>): Erna, answer me. What relationship
+existed between you and the Count?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>laughs</i>): What business is that of yours?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>solemnly</i>): Erna! Whatever it might have been, this will not
+do any longer.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>gaily</i>): No, no; you see it is already ended.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: No, Erna, that must all be ended. You must get out of all
+this&mdash;entirely&mdash;and forever.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>looks at him surprised and inquiringly</i>): Hm! Strange person.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>grows more eager and walks up and down in the room</i>): Such a
+life is immoral. You must recognize it. Yes, and I forbid you to live on
+in this fashion. I have the right to demand it of you.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57"></a>[<a href="images/059.png">57</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>interrupts him sharply</i>): Demand? You demand something of me?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Yes, indeed, demand! Not for me&mdash;no&mdash;in the name of morals.
+That which I ask of you is simply a moral demand, do you understand, a
+moral demand, which must be expected of every woman.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: "Must!" And why?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Because&mdash;because&mdash;because&mdash;well, dear me&mdash;because&mdash;otherwise
+everything will stop!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: What will stop? Life?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: No, but morals.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Ah, I thank you. Now I understand you. One must be moral
+because&mdash;otherwise morality will stop.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Why, yes. That is very simple.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Yes&mdash;now, please, what would I have to do in order to fulfill your
+demand? I am curious like a child now, and shall listen obediently.
+(<i>She sits down again.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>also sits down and grasps her hand, warmly</i>): Well, see, my
+dear Erna, everything can still be undone. In Rudolstadt everybody
+believes you are in England with relatives. Even if you have never been
+there&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Often enough. My best engagements.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: So much the better. Then you certainly speak English?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Of course.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: And you are acquainted with English customs. Excellent. Oh,
+Erna. Your father will be pleased, he once confessed to me, when he had
+a little too much wine. You know him: he grows sentimental then.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>to herself</i>): They are all that way.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: How?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Oh, nothing. Please continue. Well&mdash;I could come back?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Certainly! Fortunately, during these last years, since you
+have grown so famous, nobody has&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: I have grown notorious only within a year.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Well, most likely nobody in Rudolstadt has ever seen you on
+the boards. In one word, you <i>must</i> return.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58"></a>[<a href="images/060.png">58</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: From England?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Yes, nothing lies in the way. And your mother will be
+overjoyed.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Nay, nay.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: How well that you have taken a different name.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Ah, that is it. Yes, I believe that. Then they know that I am Rita
+Revera.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: I wrote them. They will receive you with open arms. Erna! I
+beg of you! I entreat you; come with me! It is still time. To-day. You
+cannot know, but anybody from Rudolstadt who knows might come to the
+theatre and&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>decidedly</i>): No one from Rudolstadt will do that. They are too
+well trained for that. You see it by your own person. But go on! If I
+would care to, if I really would return&mdash;what then?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Then? Well, then, you would be in the midst of the family and
+society again&mdash;and then&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: And then?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Then, after some time has elapsed and you feel at home and
+when all is forgotten, as though nothing had ever happened&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: But a great deal has happened.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Erna, you must not take me for such a Philistine that I would
+mind that. At heart I am unprejudiced. No, really, I know (<i>softly</i>) my
+own fault, and I know Life. I know very well, and I cannot ask it of
+you, that you, in a career like yours, you&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Hm?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Well, that you should have remained entirely faultless. And I
+do not ask it of you either.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: You do well at that.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: I mean, whatever has happened within these four years&mdash;lies
+beyond us, does not concern me&mdash;but shall not concern you any longer
+either. Rita Revera has ceased to be&mdash;Erna Hattenbach returns to her
+family.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Lovely, very lovely. Hm!&mdash;but then, what then? Shall I start a
+cooking school?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>with a gentle reproach</i>): But, Erna! Don't you understand
+me? Could you think of anything else than&mdash;&mdash; Of course, I shall marry
+you then.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita looks at him puzzled.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a>[<a href="images/061.png">59</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: But that is self-evident. Why should I have looked you up
+otherwise? Why should I be here? But, dear Erna, don't look so stunned.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>still stares at him</i>): "Simply&mdash;marry." Strange. (<i>She turns
+around towards the open piano, plays and sings softly</i>) Farilon, farila,
+farilette.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>has risen</i>): Erna! Do not torment me!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Torment? No. That would not be right. You are a good fellow. Give
+me a kiss. (<i>She rises.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>embraces and kisses her</i>): My Erna! Oh, you have grown so
+much prettier! So much prettier!</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita leans her head on his shoulder.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: But now come. Let us not lose one moment.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Rita does not move</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: If possible let everything be.... Come! (<i>He pushes her with
+gentle force</i>) You cry?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>hastily wipes the tears from her eyes, controls herself</i>): O,
+nonsense. Rita Revera does not cry&mdash;she laughs. (<i>Laughs forcedly.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Erna, do not use that name. I do not care to hear it again!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Oh&mdash;you do not want to hear it any more. You would like to command
+me. You come here and assume that that which life and hard times have
+made of me you can wipe out in a half hour! No! You do not know life and
+know nothing of me. (<i>Harshly</i>) My name is Revera, and I shall not marry
+a merchant from Rudolstadt.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: How is that? You still hesitate?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Do I look as though I hesitated? (<i>She steps up closer to him.</i>)
+Do you know, Fred, that during the years after my escape I often went
+hungry, brutally hungry? Do you know that I ran about in the most
+frightful dives, with rattling plate, collecting pennies and insults? Do
+you know what it means to humiliate oneself for dry bread? You see; that
+has been my school. Do you understand that I had to become an entirely
+different person or go to ruin? One who owes everything to himself, who
+is proud of himself, but who no longer respects anything, above all, no
+conventional measures and weights? And do you understand, Fred, that it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60"></a>[<a href="images/062.png">60</a>]</span>
+would be base on my part were I to follow you to the Philistine?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>after a pause, sadly</i>): No, I do not understand that.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>again gaily</i>): I thought so. Shall I dread there every suspicion
+and tremble before every fool, whereas I can breathe free air, enjoy
+sunshine and the best conscience. You know that pretty part in the
+Walk&uuml;re? (<i>She sings</i>):</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div>"Greet Rudolstadt for me,</div>
+<div>Greet my father and mother</div>
+<div>And all the heroes....</div>
+<div>I shall not follow you to them!"</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Now you know. (<i>She sits down at the piano again.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>after silence</i>): Even if you have lived through hard times,
+that still does not give you the right to disregard the duties of morals
+and customs.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>plays and sings</i>): "Farilon, farila, farilette&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: I cannot understand how you can refuse me, when I offer you
+the opportunity of returning to ordered circumstances.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: I do not love the "ordered" circumstances. On the contrary, I must
+have something to train.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: And I? I shall never be anything to you any more? You thrust
+me also aside in your stubbornness.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: But not at all. Why?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: How so? Did you not state just now that you would never marry
+a merchant from Rudolstadt.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Certainly&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Do you see? You cannot be so cold and heartless towards me?
+(<i>Flattering</i>) Why did you kiss me before? I know you also yearn in your
+innermost heart for those times in which we secretly saw and found each
+other. You also, and, even if you deny it, I felt it before when you
+cried. (<i>Softly</i>) Erna! Come along, come along with me! Come! Become my
+dear wife!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>looks at him quietly</i>): No, I shall not do such a thing.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>starts nervously; after a pause</i>): Erna! Is that your last
+word?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Yes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Consider well what you say!</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61"></a>[<a href="images/063.png">61</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: I know what I am about.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Erna! You want&mdash;to remain what you are?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Yes. That's just what I want.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>remains for some time struggling, then grasps his hat</i>):
+Then&mdash;adieu! (<i>He hurries toward the left into the bedroom.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>calls smiling</i>): Halt! Not there.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>returns, confused</i>): Pardon me, I&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Poor Fred, did you stray into my bedroom? There is the door.
+(<i>Long pause. Several times he tries to speak. She laughs gently. Then
+she sings and plays the song from "Mamselle Nitouche"</i>):</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div>A minuit, apr&egrave;s la f&ecirc;te,</div>
+<div>Rev'naient Babet et Cadet;</div>
+<div>Cristi! la nuit est compl&egrave;te,</div>
+<div>Faut nous d&eacute;p&ecirc;cher, Babet.</div>
+<div>T&acirc;che d'en profiter, grosse b&ecirc;te!</div>
+<div>Farilon, farila, farilette.</div>
+<div>J'ai trop peur, disait Cadet&mdash;</div>
+<div>J'ai pas peur, disait Babet&mdash;</div>
+<div>Larirette, larire,</div>
+<div>Larirette, larire.&mdash; &mdash; &mdash;</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>(<i>Friedrich at first listens against his will, even makes a step toward
+the door. By and by he becomes fascinated and finally is charmed. When
+she finishes, he puts his stiff hat on the table and walks toward her
+with a blissful smile.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Now? You even smile? Did I impress you?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span> (<i>drops down on his knees in front of her</i>): Oh, Erna, you are
+the most charming woman on earth. (<i>He kisses her hands wildly.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span> (<i>stoops down to him, softly and merrily</i>): Why run away? Why? If
+you still love me, can you run off&mdash;you mule?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Oh, I'll remain&mdash;I remain with you.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: It was well that you missed the door.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Oh, Erna&mdash;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: But now you'll call me Rita&mdash;do you understand? Well? Are you
+going to&mdash;are you going to be good?</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Friedrich</span>: Rita! Rita! Everything you wish.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rita</span>: Everything I wish. (<i>She kisses him.</i>) And now tell me about your
+moral demand. Yes? You are delightful when you talk about it. So
+delightful.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62"></a>[<a href="images/064.png">62</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h1>Benj. R. Tucker</h1>
+
+<h1>Publisher and Bookseller</h1>
+
+<h3>has opened a Book Store at</h3>
+
+<h2>225 Fourth Ave., Room 13, New York City</h2>
+
+<p>Here will be carried, ultimately, the most complete line of advanced
+literature to be found anywhere in the world. More than one thousand
+titles in the English language already in stock. A still larger stock,
+in foreign languages, will be put in gradually. A full catalogue will be
+ready soon of the greatest interest to all those in search of the
+literature.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p><b>Which, in morals, leads away from superstition,<br />
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which, in politics, leads away from government, and<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which, in art, leads away from Tradition.</b></p></blockquote>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<h1>"LIBERTY"</h1>
+
+<h3>BENJ. R. TUCKER, Editor</h3>
+
+<p>An Anarchistic journal, expounding the doctrine that in Equal Liberty is
+to be found the most satisfactory solution of social questions, and that
+majority rule, or democracy, equally with monarchical rule, is a denial
+of Equal Liberty.</p>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<h4>APPRECIATIONS</h4>
+
+<blockquote><p>G. BERNARD SHAW, author of "Man and Superman": "'Liberty' is a lively
+paper, in which the usual proportions of a half-pennyworth of
+discussion to an intolerable deal of balderdash are reversed."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>WILLIAM DOUGLAS O'CONNOR, author of "The Good Gray Poet": "The
+editor of 'Liberty' would be the Gavroche of the Revolution, If he
+were not its Enjolras."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>FRANK STEPHENS, well-known Single-Tax champion, Philadelphia:
+"'Liberty' is a paper which reforms reformers."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>BOLTON HALL, author of "Even As You and I": "'Liberty' shows us the
+profit of Anarchy, and is the prophet of Anarchy."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>ALLEN KELLY, formerly chief editorial writer on the Philadelphia
+"North American": "'Liberty' is my philosophical Polaris. I ascertain
+the variations of my economic compass by taking a sight at her
+whenever she is visible."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>SAMUEL W. COOPER, counsellor at law, Philadelphia: "'Liberty' is a
+journal that Thomas Jefferson would have loved."</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>EDWARD OSGOOD BROWN, Judge of the Illinois Circuit Court: "I have
+seen much in 'Liberty' that I agreed with, and much that I disagreed
+with, but I never saw any cant, hypocrisy, or insincerity in it,
+which makes it an almost unique publication."</p></blockquote>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<h4>Published Bimonthly. Twelve Issues, $1.00<br />Single Copies, 10 Cents</h4>
+
+<h3>Address: R. TUCKER, P. O. Box 1312, New York City</h3>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63"></a>[<a href="images/065.png">63</a>]</span></p>
+
+<h1>M. N. MAISEL'S</h1>
+
+<h2>. . BOOK STORE . .</h2>
+
+<h2>194 E. Broadway,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New York</h2>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<h1>SPECIAL SALE</h1>
+
+<p><b>Herbert Spencer.</b> The Authorized Copyright Works. (Appleton's edition.)
+First Principles, 1 vol.; Principles of Biology, 2 vols.; Principles of
+Psychology, 2 vols.; Principles of Sociology, 3 vols.; Principles of
+Ethics, 2 vols. 8vo. 10 vols., cloth, new Published at $20.00. My Price&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$9.50</p>
+
+<p><b>Charles Darwin.</b> The Authorized Copyright Works. Descent of Man, 1 vol.;
+Origin of Species, 2 vols.; Emotional Expressions, 1 vol.; Animals and
+Plants under Domestication, 2 vols.; Insectivorous Plants, 1 vol.;
+Vegetable Mould, 1 vol.; Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 2 vols. 10
+vols., cloth, new Published at $25.00. My Price,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$9.00</p>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<p>I have only a few series of these sets and will not be able to supply at
+these prices after stock is gone.</p>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<h4>More than 15,000 volumes always on hand.</h4>
+
+<p>Fine Sets; Reference Works; General Literature; Scientific,
+Philosophical, Liberal, Progressive and Reform Books.</p>
+
+<p>Most of the Books in stock, new or second-hand, are sold at from 25 to
+75 per cent discount from Publishers price.</p>
+
+<h4>Weekly Importations from<br />Germany, Russia, France and England.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h1>MEETINGS</h1>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<p><i>Progressive Library</i> 706 Forsyth Street. Meeting every Sunday evening.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hugh O. Pentecost</i> lectures every Sunday, 11 A. M., at Lyric Hall, Sixth
+avenue (near Forty-second Street.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Brooklyn Philosophical Association.</i> Meets every Sunday, 3 P. M., at Long
+Island Business College, 143 So. 8th street.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sunrise Club.</i> Meets every other Monday for dinner and after discussion
+at some place designated by the President.</p>
+
+<p><i>Manhattan Liberal Club.</i> Meets every Friday, 8 P. M., at German Masonic
+Hall, 220 East Fifteenth street.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harlem Liberal Alliance.</i> Every Friday, 8 P. M., in Madison Hall, 1666
+Madison avenue.</p>
+
+<p><i>Liberal Art Society.</i> Meets every Friday, 8.30 P. M., at Terrace Lyceum,
+206 East Broadway.</p>
+
+<hr class="smler" />
+
+<h1>"Mother Earth"</h1>
+
+<p class="center">For Sale at all the above mentioned places</p>
+
+<h3>10 Cents a Copy&nbsp;&nbsp; . . &nbsp;&nbsp;One Dollar a Year</h3>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64"></a>[<a href="images/066.png">64</a>]</span></p>
+
+<p class="underline"><b>THE BOOKS OF ERNEST CROSBY</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Garrison the Non-Resistant.</b> 16mo, cloth, 144 pages, with photogravure
+portrait, 50c.; by mail &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>55c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Plain Talk In Psalm and Parable.</b> A collection of chants in the cause of
+justice and brotherhood. 12mo, cloth, 188 pages, $1.50; by mail, $1.62.
+Paper, 40c.; by mail &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>44c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Captain Jinks, Hero.</b> A keen satire on our recent wars, in which the
+parallel between savagery and soldiery is unerringly drawn. Profusely
+illustrated by Dan Beard. 12mo, cloth, 400 pages, postpaid &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>$1.50</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Swords and Plowshares.</b> A collection of poems filled with the hatred of
+war and the love of nature. (Not sold by us in Great Britain.) 12mo,
+cloth, 126 pages, $1.20; by mail &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>$1.29</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Tolstoy and His Message.</b> "A concise and sympathetic account of the life,
+character and philosophy of the great Russian."&mdash;<i>New York Press</i>. "A
+genuinely illuminative interpretation of the great philosopher's being
+and purpose."&mdash;<i>Philadelphia Item</i>. (Not sold by us in Great Britain.)
+16mo, cloth, 93 pages, 50c.; by mail &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>54c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Tolstoy as a Schoolmaster.</b> An essay on education and punishment with
+Tolstoy's curious experiments in teaching as a text. 16mo, cloth, 94
+pages, 50c.; by mail &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>53c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Broad-Cast.</b> New chants and songs of labor, life and freedom. This latest
+volume of poems by the author of "Plain Talk in Psalm and Parable" and
+"Swords and Plowshares" conveys the same message delivered with equal
+power. 12mo, cloth, 128 pages, 50c.; by mail &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>54c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Edward Carpenter, Poet and Prophet.</b> An illuminative essay, with
+selections and portrait of Carpenter. 12mo, paper, 64 pages, with
+portrait of Carpenter on cover, postpaid &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>20c.</b></p>
+
+<p class="underline"><b>THE BOOKS OF BOLTON HALL</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Free America.</b> 16mo, cloth, ornamental, gilt top, 75c.; by mail &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>80c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>The Game of Life.</b> A new volume of 111 fables. Most of them have been
+published from time to time in <i>Life</i>, <i>Collier's</i>, <i>The Outlook</i>, <i>The
+Century</i>, <i>The Independent</i>, <i>The Ram's Horn</i>, <i>The Pilgrim</i>, <i>The
+Christian Endeavor World</i>, <i>The Rubric</i>, <i>The New Voice</i>, <i>The
+Philistine</i> and other papers and magazines. 16mo, cloth, ornamental,
+postpaid &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>$1.00</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Even as You and I.</b> This is a presentation, by means of popular and
+simple allegories, of the doctrine of Henry George and the principle
+which underlies it. A part of the volume is an account of Tolstoy's
+philosophy, drawn largely from the Russian's difficult work, "Of Life."
+This section is called "True Life," and follows a series of thirty-three
+clever parables. Count Tolstoy wrote to Mr. Hall: "I have received your
+book, and have read it. I think it is very good, and renders in a
+concise form quite truly the chief ideas of my book." 16mo, cloth,
+ornamental, gilt top, 50 c.; by mail &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>54c.</b></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65"></a>[<a href="images/067.png">65</a>]</span></p>
+
+<p class="underline"><b>Books to be had through Mother Earth</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Work and Wages.</b> By Prof. J. E. Thorold Rogers. Shows that the real wages
+of the laborer, as measured by his standard of living, are actually
+lower now than in the fifteenth century. Cloth &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>$1.00</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Civilization, Its Cause and Cure.</b> By Edward Carpenter. Cloth &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>$1.00</b></p>
+
+<p><b>England's Ideal, and Other Papers on Social Subjects.</b> By Edward
+Carpenter. Edward Carpenter is at once a profound student of social
+problems, an essayist with a most charming style, and a writer of true
+poetic insight. Everything he writes is worth reading. Cloth &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>$1.00</b></p>
+
+<p><b>The Social Revolution.</b> By Karl Kautsky. Translated by A. M. and May Wood
+Simons. Cloth &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>50c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>The Origin and Growth of Village Communities in India.</b> By B. H.
+Baden-Powell. A scientific study of a remarkable survival of a phase of
+primitive communism in the British dominions to-day. Cloth &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>$1.00</b></p>
+
+<p><b>American Communities.</b> By William Alfred Hinds. Mr. Hinds was for many
+years a resident of one of these colonies and has visited, personally,
+scores of others, which particularly fits him for the task. Cloth, 433
+pages, with 17 full-page illustrations &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>$1.00</b></p>
+
+<p><b>The Sale of an Appetite.</b> By Paul Lafargue. This book by one of the
+foremost socialists of Europe is a notable work of art considered merely
+as a story and at the same time it is one of the most stirring
+indictments of the capitalist system ever written. Cloth, illustrated
+&nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>50c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>The Triumph of Life.</b> By Wilhelm Boelsche. The German critics of this
+book all agree that it is more interesting than his previous work on
+"The Evolution of Man," and those who have read the former work will
+realize what this means. The book is the story of the victory of life
+over the planet earth and is told in a marvelously vivid and picturesque
+manner. Cloth &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>50c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Poems of Walt Whitman.</b> We have secured a reprint of Whitman's famous
+"Leaves of Grass" for the benefit of those who, having read Mrs.
+Maynard's charming introduction, may desire to read the poet. Nearly all
+of Whitman's poems are contained therein, and John Burroughs has written
+a biographical introduction.</p>
+
+<p class="center">TO YOU, WHOEVER YOU ARE.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<div>I will leave all, and come and make the hymns of you;</div>
+<div>None have understood you, but I understand you,</div>
+<div>None have done justice to you&mdash;you have not done justice to yourself.</div>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Cloth, 341 pages &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>75c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Crime and Criminals.</b> By Clarence S. Darrow. This is an address delivered
+to the prisoners at the county jail in Chicago. It shows the real cause
+of what is called crime and the real way to put an end to it. Paper &nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>10c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Katharine Breshkovsky&mdash;"For Russia's Freedom."</b> By Ernest Poole. This is
+the true story of a Russian woman revolutionist who has been addressing
+immense crowds in American cities. "Daughter of a nobleman and earnest
+philanthropist; then revolutionist, hard-labor convict, and exile for
+twenty-three years in Siberia; and now a heroic old woman of sixty-one,
+she has plunged again into the dangerous struggle for freedom." Paper
+&nbsp;. &nbsp;. &nbsp; <b>10c.</b></p>
+
+<h3>All Orders, Money Prepaid, to be sent to E. GOLDMAN, Box 217,<br />
+Madison Square Station, New York City.</h3>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, April 1906, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MOTHER EARTH, APRIL 1906 ***
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, April 1906, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, April 1906
+       Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Emma Goldman
+
+Release Date: November 1, 2008 [EBook #27118]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MOTHER EARTH, APRIL 1906 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Fritz Ohrenschall, Martin Pettit and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
++-------------------------------------------------+
+|Transcriber's note:                              |
+|                                                 |
+|Obvious typographical errors have been corrected |
++-------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+
+
+MOTHER EARTH
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+P. O. Box 217            EMMA GOLDMAN, Publisher            10c. a Copy
+Madison Sq. Station, N. Y.  Office: 210 EAST 13th STREET, NEW YORK CITY
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+PAGE
+
+"To the Generation Knocking at the Door" JOHN DAVIDSON      1
+
+Observations and Comments                                   2
+
+The Child and Its Enemies EMMA GOLDMAN                      7
+
+Hope and Fear L. I. PERETZ                                 14
+
+John Most M. B.                                            17
+
+Civilization in Africa                                     21
+
+Our Purpose MARY HANSEN                                    22
+
+Marriage and the Home JOHN R. CORYELL                      23
+
+The Modern Newspaper                                       31
+
+A Visit to Sing Sing                                       32
+
+The Old and the New Drama MAX BAGINSKI                     36
+
+A Sentimental Journey.--Police Protection                  43
+
+The Moral Demand OTTO ERICH HARTLEBEN                      46
+
+Advertisements                                             62
+
+
+
+
+10c. A COPY    $1 A YEAR
+
+
+MOTHER EARTH
+
+
+Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature
+           Published Every 15th of the Month
+
+EMMA GOLDMAN, Publisher, P. O. Box 217, Madison Square Station,
+                     New York, N. Y.
+
+Vol. I                 APRIL, 1906                        No. 2
+
+
+
+
+"TO THE GENERATION KNOCKING AT THE DOOR."
+
+By JOHN DAVIDSON.
+
+
+     _Break--break it open; let the knocker rust;
+     Consider no "shalt not," nor no man's "must";
+     And, being entered, promptly take the lead,
+     Setting aside tradition, custom, creed;
+     Nor watch the balance of the huckster's beam;
+     Declare your hardiest thought, your proudest dream;
+     Await no summons; laugh at all rebuff;
+     High hearts and you are destiny enough.
+     The mystery and the power enshrined in you
+     Are old as time and as the moment new;
+     And none but you can tell what part you play,
+     Nor can you tell until you make assay,
+     For this alone, this always, will succeed,
+     The miracle and magic of the deed._
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+OBSERVATIONS AND COMMENTS.
+
+Whoever severs himself from Mother Earth and her flowing sources of life
+goes into exile. A vast part of civilization has ceased to feel the deep
+relation with our mother. How they hasten and fall over one another, the
+many thousands of the great cities; how they swallow their food,
+everlastingly counting the minutes with cold hard faces; how they dwell
+packed together, close to one another, above and beneath, in dark gloomy
+stuffed holes, with dull hearts and insensitive heads, from the lack of
+space and air! Economic necessity causes such hateful pressure. Economic
+necessity? Why not economic stupidity? This seems a more appropriate
+name for it. Were it not for lack of understanding and knowledge, the
+necessity of escaping from the agony of an endless search for profit
+would make itself felt more keenly.
+
+Must the Earth forever be arranged like an ocean steamer, with large,
+luxurious rooms and luxurious food for a select few, and underneath in
+the steerage, where the great mass can barely breathe from dirt and the
+poisonous air? Neither unconquerable external nor internal necessity
+forces the human race to such life; that which keeps it in such
+condition are ignorance and indifference.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Since Turgenieff wrote his "Fathers and Sons" and the "New Generation,"
+the appearance of the Revolutionary army in Russia has changed features.
+At that time only the intellectuals and college youths, a small coterie
+of idealists, who knew no distinction between class and caste, took part
+in the tremendous work of reconstruction. The revolutionist of those
+days had delicate white hands, lots of learning, aestheticism and a good
+portion of nervousness. He attempted to go among the people, but the
+people understood him not, for he did not speak the people's tongue. It
+was a great effort for most of those brave ones to overcome their
+disgust at the dirt and dense ignorance they met among the peasants, who
+absolutely lacked comprehension of new ideas; therefore, there could be
+no understanding between the intellectuals, who wanted to help, and the
+sufferers, who needed help. These two elements were brought in closer
+touch through industrialism. The Russian peasant, robbed of the means to
+remain on his soil, was driven into the large industrial centres, and
+there he learned to know those brave and heroic men and women who gave
+up their comfort and career in their efforts for the liberation of their
+people.
+
+These ideas that have undergone such great changes in Russia within the
+last decade should serve as good material for study for those who claim
+the Russian Revolution is dead.
+
+Nicholas Tchaykovsky, one of Russia's foremost workers in the
+revolutionary movement, and one who, through beauty of character,
+simplicity of soul and great strategical ability, has been the idol of
+the Russian revolutionary youth for many years, is here as the delegate
+of the Russian Revolutionary Socialist party, to raise funds for a new
+uprising. He was right when he said, at the meeting in Grand Central
+Palace, "The Russian Revolution will live until the decayed and cowardly
+regime of tyranny in Russia is rooted out of existence."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The French have a new President. Loubet was succeeded by Fallieres. The
+father of the new one was a great gormandizer of Pantagruelian
+dimensions. He died of overloading his stomach. The son made his career
+like a cautious upstart. He is well enough acquainted with himself to
+know that he is not a Machiavelli. Therefore, he does not boast of his
+sagacity, but rather of his integrity. A politician is irresistible to a
+crowd when he cries out to them: "My opponents express the suspicion
+that I am a numskull. I do not care to argue the point with them, but
+this I will say by the way of explanation, fellow citizens, that I am a
+thoroughly honest man to the very roots of my hair." By this method one
+can attain the presidency of a republic.
+
+As Secretary of the Interior, Fallieres caused the arrest of the
+Socialist poet, Clovis Hugues. At another time he declared: "As long as
+I am in office, I will not tolerate the red flag on the open street."
+
+The French bourgeois have found in Fallieres their fitting man of straw
+for seven years.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The only genuine Democrat of these times is Death. He does not admit of
+any class distinctions. He mows down a proletarian and a Marshall Field
+with the same scythe. How imperfectly the world is arranged. It should
+be possible to shift the bearing of children and the dying from the rich
+to the poor--for good pay, of course.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Whosoever believes that the law is infallible and can bring about order
+in the chaotic social conditions, knows the curative effect of law to
+the minutest detail. The question how things might be improved is met
+with this reply: "All criminals should be caught in a net like fish and
+put away for safe keeping, so that society remains in the care of the
+righteous." Hallelujah!
+
+People with a capacity to judge for themselves think differently. Mr.
+Charlton T. Lewis, President of the National Prison Association,
+maintains:
+
+"Our county jails everywhere are the schools and colleges of crime. In
+the light of social science it were better for the world if every one of
+them were destroyed than that this work should be continued. Experience
+shows that the system of imprisonment of minor offenders for short terms
+is but a gigantic measure for the manufacture of criminals. Freedom, not
+confinement, is the natural state of man, and the only condition under
+which influences for reformation can have their full efficiency....
+Prison life is unnatural at best. Man is a social creature. Confinement
+tends to lower his consciousness of dignity and responsibility, to
+weaken the motives which govern his relations to his race, to impair the
+foundations of character and unfit him for independent life. To consign
+a man to prison is commonly to enrol him in the criminal class.... With
+all the solemnity and emphasis of which I am capable, I utter the
+profound conviction, after twenty years of constant study of our prison
+population, that more than nine-tenths of them ought never to have been
+confined."
+
+Government and authority are responsible for the conditions in the
+western mining districts.
+
+Is not the existence of government considered as a necessity on the
+grounds that it is here to maintain peace, law and order? This is an
+oft-repeated song.
+
+Let us see how the government of Colorado has lived up to its calling
+within the last few years. It has permitted that the labor protective
+laws that have passed the legislature should be broken and trampled upon
+by the mine owners.
+
+The money powers care little for the eight-hour law, and when the mine
+workers insisted upon keeping that law, the authorities of Colorado
+immediately went to the rescue of the exploiters. Not only were police
+and soldiers let loose upon the Western Federation of Miners; but the
+government of Colorado permitted the mine owners to recruit an army to
+fight the labor organizations. Hirelings were formed into a so-called
+citizens' committee, that inaugurated a reign of terror. These legal
+lawbreakers invaded peaceful homes during the day and night, and those
+that were in the least suspected of belonging to or sympathizing with
+the Western Federation of Miners were torn out of bed, arrested and
+dragged off to the bull pen, or transported into the desert, without
+food or shelter, many miles from other living beings. Some of these
+victims were crippled for life and died as a result thereof.
+
+When it became known that the W. F. M. continued to stand erect,
+regardless of brutal attacks, it was decided to strike the last violent
+blow against it.
+
+Orchard, the man of honor, confessed, and the lawbreakers appealed to
+the law against Haywood, Moyer and Pettibone.
+
+This time the government did not hesitate. The eight-hour and protective
+labor law was too insignificant to enforce, but to bring the officers of
+the W. F. M. to account, that, of course, is the duty and the function
+of the State.
+
+There is not the slightest hope that the authorities who, for a number
+of years, have permitted the violation of the law, will be put on
+trial, but the crime they have perpetrated is a weighty argument in
+favor of those who maintain that the State is not an independent
+institution, but a tool of the possessing class.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Many radicals entertain the queer notion that they cannot arrange their
+own lives, according to their own ideas, but that they have to adapt
+themselves to the conditions they hate, and which they fight in theory
+with fire and sword.
+
+Anything rather than arouse too much public condemnation! The lives they
+lead are dependent upon the opinion of the Philistines. They are
+revolutionists in theory, reactionists in practice.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The words of Louis XIV, "I am the State," have been taken up as a motto
+by the American policeman. One of the New York papers contains the
+following account:
+
+"In discharging some seventy prisoners in the Jefferson Market Police
+Court yesterday morning, the Magistrate said to the police in charge of
+the cases: 'I am amazed that you men should bring these prisoners before
+me without a shred of evidence on which they can be held.'"
+
+Such is the blessing of this republic. We are not confronted by one czar
+of the size of an elephant, but by a hundred thousand czars, as small as
+mosquitoes, but equally disagreeable and annoying.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Friends of MOTHER EARTH in various Western cities have proposed a
+lecture tour in behalf of the magazine. So far I have heard from
+Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis and Chicago. Those of other cities who
+wish to have me lecture there, will please communicate with me as to
+dates at once. The tour is to begin May 12th and last for a month or six
+weeks.
+
+                                                   EMMA GOLDMAN,
+                                      Box 217, Madison Square Station.
+
+
+
+
+THE CHILD AND ITS ENEMIES.
+
+By EMMA GOLDMAN.
+
+
+Is the child to be considered as an individuality, or as an object to be
+moulded according to the whims and fancies of those about it? This seems
+to me to be the most important question to be answered by parents and
+educators. And whether the child is to grow from within, whether all
+that craves expression will be permitted to come forth toward the light
+of day; or whether it is to be kneaded like dough through external
+forces, depends upon the proper answer to this vital question.
+
+The longing of the best and noblest of our times makes for the strongest
+individualities. Every sensitive being abhors the idea of being treated
+as a mere machine or as a mere parrot of conventionality and
+respectability, the human being craves recognition of his kind.
+
+It must be borne in mind that it is through the channel of the child
+that the development of the mature man must go, and that the present
+ideas of the educating or training of the latter in the school and the
+family--even the family of the liberal or radical--are such as to stifle
+the natural growth of the child.
+
+Every institution of our day, the family, the State, our moral codes,
+sees in every strong, beautiful, uncompromising personality a deadly
+enemy; therefore every effort is being made to cramp human emotion and
+originality of thought in the individual into a straight-jacket from its
+earliest infancy; or to shape every human being according to one
+pattern; not into a well-rounded individuality, but into a patient work
+slave, professional automaton, tax-paying citizen, or righteous
+moralist. If one, nevertheless, meets with real spontaneity (which, by
+the way, is a rare treat,) it is not due to our method of rearing or
+educating the child: the personality often asserts itself, regardless of
+official and family barriers. Such a discovery should be celebrated as
+an unusual event, since the obstacles placed in the way of growth and
+development of character are so numerous that it must be considered a
+miracle if it retains its strength and beauty and survives the various
+attempts at crippling that which is most essential to it.
+
+Indeed, he who has freed himself from the fetters of the
+thoughtlessness and stupidity of the commonplace; he who can stand
+without moral crutches, without the approval of public opinion--private
+laziness, Friedrich Nietzsche called it--may well intone a high and
+voluminous song of independence and freedom; he has gained the right to
+it through fierce and fiery battles. These battles already begin at the
+most delicate age.
+
+The child shows its individual tendencies in its plays, in its
+questions, in its association with people and things. But it has to
+struggle with everlasting external interference in its world of thought
+and emotion. It must not express itself in harmony with its nature, with
+its growing personality. It must become a thing, an object. Its
+questions are met with narrow, conventional, ridiculous replies, mostly
+based on falsehoods; and, when, with large, wondering, innocent eyes, it
+wishes to behold the wonders of the world, those about it quickly lock
+the windows and doors, and keep the delicate human plant in a hothouse
+atmosphere, where it can neither breathe nor grow freely.
+
+Zola, in his novel "Fecundity," maintains that large sections of people
+have declared death to the child, have conspired against the birth of
+the child,--a very horrible picture indeed, yet the conspiracy entered
+into by civilization against the growth and making of character seems to
+me far more terrible and disastrous, because of the slow and gradual
+destruction of its latent qualities and traits and the stupefying and
+crippling effect thereof upon its social well-being.
+
+Since every effort in our educational life seems to be directed toward
+making of the child a being foreign to itself, it must of necessity
+produce individuals foreign to one another, and in everlasting
+antagonism with each other.
+
+The ideal of the average pedagogist is not a complete, well-rounded,
+original being; rather does he seek that the result of his art of
+pedagogy shall be automatons of flesh and blood, to best fit into the
+treadmill of society and the emptiness and dulness of our lives. Every
+home, school, college and university stands for dry, cold
+utilitarianism, overflooding the brain of the pupil with a tremendous
+amount of ideas, handed down from generations past. "Facts and data,"
+as they are called, constitute a lot of information, well enough perhaps
+to maintain every form of authority and to create much awe for the
+importance of possession, but only a great handicap to a true
+understanding of the human soul and its place in the world.
+
+Truths dead and forgotten long ago, conceptions of the world and its
+people, covered with mould, even during the times of our grandmothers,
+are being hammered into the heads of our young generation. Eternal
+change, thousandfold variations, continual innovation are the essence of
+life. Professional pedagogy knows nothing of it, the systems of
+education are being arranged into files, classified and numbered. They
+lack the strong fertile seed which, falling on rich soil, enables them
+to grow to great heights, they are worn and incapable of awakening
+spontaneity of character. Instructors and teachers, with dead souls,
+operate with dead values. Quantity is forced to take the place of
+quality. The consequences thereof are inevitable.
+
+In whatever direction one turns, eagerly searching for human beings who
+do not measure ideas and emotions with the yardstick of expediency, one
+is confronted with the products, the herdlike drilling instead of the
+result of spontaneous and innate characteristics working themselves out
+in freedom.
+
+
+     "No traces now I see
+     Whatever of a spirit's agency.
+     'Tis drilling, nothing more."
+
+
+These words of Faust fit our methods of pedagogy perfectly. Take, for
+instance, the way history is being taught in our schools. See how the
+events of the world become like a cheap puppet show, where a few
+wire-pullers are supposed to have directed the course of development of
+the entire human race.
+
+And the history of _our own_ nation! Was it not chosen by Providence to
+become the leading nation on earth? And does it not tower mountain high
+over other nations? Is it not the gem of the ocean? Is it not
+incomparably virtuous, ideal and brave? The result of such ridiculous
+teaching is a dull, shallow patriotism, blind to its own limitations,
+with bull-like stubbornness, utterly incapable of judging of the
+capacities of other nations. This is the way the spirit of youth is
+emasculated, deadened through an over-estimation of one's own value. No
+wonder public opinion can be so easily manufactured.
+
+"Predigested food" should be inscribed over every hall of learning as a
+warning to all who do not wish to lose their own personalities and their
+original sense of judgment, who, instead, would be content with a large
+amount of empty and shallow shells. This may suffice as a recognition of
+the manifold hindrances placed in the way of an independent mental
+development of the child.
+
+Equally numerous, and not less important, are the difficulties that
+confront the emotional life of the young. Must not one suppose that
+parents should be united to children by the most tender and delicate
+chords? One should suppose it; yet, sad as it may be, it is,
+nevertheless, true, that parents are the first to destroy the inner
+riches of their children.
+
+The Scriptures tell us that God created Man in His own image, which has
+by no means proven a success. Parents follow the bad example of their
+heavenly master; they use every effort to shape and mould the child
+according to their image. They tenaciously cling to the idea that the
+child is merely part of themselves--an idea as false as it is injurious,
+and which only increases the misunderstanding of the soul of the child,
+of the necessary consequences of enslavement and subordination thereof.
+
+As soon as the first rays of consciousness illuminate the mind and heart
+of the child, it instinctively begins to compare its own personality
+with the personality of those about it. How many hard and cold stone
+cliffs meet its large wondering gaze? Soon enough it is confronted with
+the painful reality that it is here only to serve as inanimate matter
+for parents and guardians, whose authority alone gives it shape and
+form.
+
+The terrible struggle of the thinking man and woman against political,
+social and moral conventions owes its origin to the family, where the
+child is ever compelled to battle against the internal and external use
+of force. The categorical imperatives: You shall! you must! this is
+right! that is wrong! this is true! that is false! shower like a violent
+rain upon the unsophisticated head of the young being and impress upon
+its sensibilities that it has to bow before the long established and
+hard notions of thoughts and emotions. Yet the latent qualities and
+instincts seek to assert their own peculiar methods of seeking the
+foundation of things, of distinguishing between what is commonly called
+wrong, true or false. It is bent upon going its own way, since it is
+composed of the same nerves, muscles and blood, even as those who assume
+to direct its destiny. I fail to understand how parents hope that their
+children will ever grow up into independent, self-reliant spirits, when
+they strain every effort to abridge and curtail the various activities
+of their children, the plus in quality and character, which
+differentiates their offspring from themselves, and by the virtue of
+which they are eminently equipped carriers of new, invigorating ideas. A
+young delicate tree, that is being clipped and cut by the gardener in
+order to give it an artificial form, will never reach the majestic
+height and the beauty as when allowed to grow in nature and freedom.
+
+When the child reaches adolescence, it meets, added to the home and
+school restrictions, with a vast amount of hard traditions of social
+morality. The cravings of love and sex are met with absolute ignorance
+by the majority of parents, who consider it as something indecent and
+improper, something disgraceful, almost criminal, to be suppressed and
+fought like some terrible disease. The love and tender feelings in the
+young plant are turned into vulgarity and coarseness through the
+stupidity of those surrounding it, so that everything fine and beautiful
+is either crushed altogether or hidden in the innermost depths, as a
+great sin, that dares not face the light.
+
+What is more astonishing is the fact that parents will strip themselves
+of everything, will sacrifice everything for the physical well-being of
+their child, will wake nights and stand in fear and agony before some
+physical ailment of their beloved one; but will remain cold and
+indifferent, without the slightest understanding before the soul
+cravings and the yearnings of their child, neither hearing nor wishing
+to hear the loud knocking of the young spirit that demands recognition.
+On the contrary, they will stifle the beautiful voice of spring, of a
+new life of beauty and splendor of love; they will put the long lean
+finger of authority upon the tender throat and not allow vent to the
+silvery song of the individual growth, of the beauty of character, of
+the strength of love and human relation, which alone make life worth
+living.
+
+And yet these parents imagine that they mean best for the child, and for
+aught I know, some really do; but their best means absolute death and
+decay to the bud in the making. After all, they are but imitating their
+own masters in State, commercial, social and moral affairs, by forcibly
+suppressing every independent attempt to analyze the ills of society and
+every sincere effort toward the abolition of these ills; never able to
+grasp the eternal truth that every method they employ serves as the
+greatest impetus to bring forth a greater longing for freedom and a
+deeper zeal to fight for it.
+
+That compulsion is bound to awaken resistance, every parent and teacher
+ought to know. Great surprise is being expressed over the fact that the
+majority of children of radical parents are either altogether opposed to
+the ideas of the latter, many of them moving along the old antiquated
+paths, or that they are indifferent to the new thoughts and teachings of
+social regeneration. And yet there is nothing unusual in that. Radical
+parents, though emancipated from the belief of ownership in the human
+soul, still cling tenaciously to the notion that they own the child, and
+that they have the right to exercise their authority over it. So they
+set out to mould and form the child according to their own conception of
+what is right and wrong, forcing their ideas upon it with the same
+vehemence that the average Catholic parent uses. And, with the latter,
+they hold out the necessity before the young "to do as I tell you and
+not as I do." But the impressionable mind of the child realizes early
+enough that the lives of their parents are in contradiction to the ideas
+they represent; that, like the good Christian who fervently prays on
+Sunday, yet continues to break the Lord's commands the rest of the week,
+the radical parent arraigns God, priesthood, church, government,
+domestic authority, yet continues to adjust himself to the condition he
+abhors. Just so, the Freethought parent can proudly boast that his son
+of four will recognize the picture of Thomas Paine or Ingersoll, or that
+he knows that the idea of God is stupid. Or that the Social Democratic
+father can point to his little girl of six and say, "Who wrote the
+Capital, dearie?" "Karl Marx, pa!" Or that the Anarchistic mother can
+make it known that her daughter's name is Louise Michel, Sophia
+Perovskaya, or that she can recite the revolutionary poems of Herwegh,
+Freiligrath, or Shelley, and that she will point out the faces of
+Spencer, Bakunin or Moses Harmon almost anywhere.
+
+These are by no means exaggerations; they are sad facts that I have met
+with in my experience with radical parents. What are the results of such
+methods of biasing the mind? The following is the consequence, and not
+very infrequent, either. The child, being fed on one-sided, set and
+fixed ideas, soon grows weary of re-hashing the beliefs of its parents,
+and it sets out in quest of new sensations, no matter how inferior and
+shallow the new experience may be, the human mind cannot endure sameness
+and monotony. So it happens that that boy or girl, over-fed on Thomas
+Paine, will land in the arms of the Church, or they will vote for
+imperialism only to escape the drag of economic determinism and
+scientific socialism, or that they open a shirt-waist factory and cling
+to their right of accumulating property, only to find relief from the
+old-fashioned communism of their father. Or that the girl will marry the
+next best man, provided he can make a living, only to run away from the
+everlasting talk on variety.
+
+Such a condition of affairs may be very painful to the parents who wish
+their children to follow in their path, yet I look upon them as very
+refreshing and encouraging psychological forces. They are the greatest
+guarantee that the independent mind, at least, will always resist every
+external and foreign force exercised over the human heart and head.
+
+Some will ask, what about weak natures, must they not be protected? Yes,
+but to be able to do that, it will be necessary to realize that
+education of children is not synonymous with herdlike drilling and
+training. If education should really mean anything at all, it must
+insist upon the free growth and development of the innate forces and
+tendencies of the child. In this way alone can we hope for the free
+individual and eventually also for a free community, which shall make
+interference and coercion of human growth impossible.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+HOPE AND FEAR.[A]
+
+(Translated from the Jewish of L. I. PERETZ.)
+
+
+...My heart is with you.
+
+My eye does not get weary looking at your flaming banner; my ear does
+not get tired listening to your powerful song....
+
+My heart is with you; man's hunger must be appeased, and he must have
+light; he must be free, and he must be his own master, master over
+himself and his work.
+
+And when you snap at the fist which is trying to strangle you, your
+voice, and your ardent protest, preventing you from being heard--I
+rejoice, praying that your teeth may be sharpened. And when you are
+marching against Sodom and Gomorrah, to tear down the old, my soul is
+with you, and the certainty that you must triumph fills and warms my
+heart and intoxicates me like old wine....
+
+And yet....
+
+And yet you frighten me.
+
+I am afraid of the bridled who conquer, for they are apt to become the
+oppressors, and every oppressor transgresses against the human soul....
+
+Do you not talk among yourselves of how humanity is to march, like an
+army in line, and you are going to sound for it the march on the road?
+
+And yet humanity is not an army.
+
+The strong are going forward, the magnanimous feel more deeply, the
+proud rise higher, and yet will you not lay down the cedar in order that
+it may not outgrow the grass?
+
+Or will you not spread your wings over mediocrity, or will you not
+shield indifference, and protect the gray and uniformly fleeced herd?
+
+       *       *       *
+
+You frighten me.
+
+As conquerors you might become the bureaucracy: to dole out to everybody
+his morsel, as is the usage in the poor-house; to arrange work for
+everybody as it is done in the galleys. And you will thus crush the
+creator of new worlds--the free human will, and fill up with earth the
+purest spring of human happiness--human initiative, the power which
+braves one against thousands, against peoples, and against generations?
+And you will systematize life and bid it to remain on the level of the
+crowd.
+
+And will you not be occupied with regulations: registrating, recording,
+estimating--or will you not prescribe how fast and how often the human
+pulse must beat, how far the human eye may look ahead, how much the ear
+may perceive, and what kinds of dreams the languishing heart may
+entertain?
+
+       *       *       *
+
+With joy in my heart I look at you when you tear down the gates of
+Sodom, but my heart trembles at the same time, fearing that you might
+erect on its ruins new ones--more chilling and darker ones.
+
+There will be no houses without windows; but fog will envelop the
+souls....
+
+There will be no empty stomachs, but souls will starve. No ear will hear
+cries of woe, but the eagle--the human intellect--will stand at the
+trough with clipped wings together with the cow and the ox.
+
+And justice, which has accompanied you on the thorny and bloody path to
+victory, will forsake you, and you will not be aware of it, for
+conquerors and tyrants are always blind. You will conquer and dominate.
+And you will plunge into injustice, and you will not feel the quagmire
+under your feet.... Every tyrant thinks he stands on firm ground so long
+as he has not been vanquished.
+
+And you will build prisons for those who dare to stretch out their
+hands, pointing to the abyss into which you sink; you will tear out the
+tongues of the mouths that warn you against those who come after you, to
+destroy you and your injustice....
+
+Cruelly will you defend the equality of rights of the herd to use the
+grass under its feet and the salt in the ground,--and your enemies will
+be the free individuals, the overmen, the ingenious inventors, the
+prophets, the saviors, the poets and artists.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+Everything that comes to pass occurs in space and time.... The present
+is the existing: the stable, the firm, and therefore the rigid and
+frozen--the to-day, which will and must perish....
+
+Time is change--it varies and develops; it is the eternally sprouting,
+the blossoming, the eternal morning....
+
+And as your "morning," to which you aspire, will become the "to-day,"
+you will become the upholders of the "yesterday," of that which is
+lifeless--dead. You will trample the sproutings of to-morrow and destroy
+its blossoms, and pour streams of cold water upon the heads that nestle
+your prophecies, your dreams, and your new hopes.
+
+The to-day is unwilling to die, bloody is every sunset....
+
+I yearn and hope for your victory, but I fear and tremble for your
+victory.
+
+You are my hope, and you are my fear.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Nietzsche--Zarathustra spake thus: "He who wishes to say something
+should be silent a long while." If the makers of public opinion would
+only carry out this hint for about a lifetime!
+
+[Illustration]
+
+According to the latest researches, it has been brought to light that
+the grim angel who drove Adam and Eve out of Paradise was named
+Comstock.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+As long as there are women who must fear to become mothers on account of
+economic difficulties or moral prejudices, the emancipation of woman is
+only a phrase.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[A] This sketch the writer had addressed to Jewish Social Democrats.
+
+
+
+
+JOHN MOST.
+
+By M. B.
+
+
+John Most suddenly died in Cincinnati, March 17. He was on an agitation
+trip, and when he reached Cincinnati he took sick with erysipelas and
+died within a few days, surrounded by his comrades.
+
+Shortly before that he had the fortune to taste of the kindness and good
+breeding of the police once more. Some friends in Philadelphia arranged
+a meeting to celebrate Most's sixtieth birthday. He was one of the
+speakers; but the police of that city interpreted the American
+Constitution, which speaks of the right to free speech and assembly, as
+giving the right to forcibly disperse the meeting.
+
+Conscious misrepresentation and ignorance, the twin angels that hover
+over the throne of the newspaper kingdom of this country, have made John
+Most a scarecrow. Organized police authorities and police justices that
+can neither be accused of a surplus of intelligence nor even of the
+shadow of love of fairness, made him their target whenever they felt the
+great calling to save their country from disaster. Naturally the mob of
+law-abiding citizens must be assured from time to time that their
+masters have a sacred duty to perform, that they earn the right of
+graft.
+
+Most was born at Augsburg, Bavaria, February 5, 1846. According to his
+memoirs, he early found it necessary to resist the tyranny of a
+stepmother and the miserable treatment of his master. As a bookbinder
+apprentice, at a very early age, he took to his heels and went on the
+road of the world, where he soon came in contact with revolutionary
+ideas in the labor movement that greatly inspired him and urged him to
+read and study. It might be more appropriately said that he developed a
+ravenous appetite for knowledge and research of all the works of human
+science.
+
+At that time socialistic ideas had just begun to exercise great
+influence upon the thinking mind of the European continents. The zeal
+and craving for knowledge displayed by the working people of those days
+can hardly be properly estimated, especially by the proletariat of this
+country, whose literature and source of knowledge chiefly consists of
+the daily papers. Workingmen, who worked ten and twelve hours in
+factories and shops, spent their evenings in study and reading of
+economic, political and philosophic works--Ferdinand Lassalle, Karl
+Marx, Engels, Bakunin and, later, Kropotkin; also Henry George's
+"Progress and Poverty." Added to these were the works of the
+materialistic-natural science schools, such as Darwin, Huxley,
+Molleschot, Karl Vogt, Ludwig Buechner, Haeckel, that constituted the
+mental diet of a large number of workingmen of that period. Just as the
+revolutionary economists were hailed as the liberators of physical
+slavery, so were the materialistic, naturalistic sciences accepted as
+the saviors from mental narrowness and darkness.
+
+Most was untiring in his work of popularizing these ideas, and as he
+could quickly grasp things he was tremendously successful in simplifying
+scientific books into pamphlets and essays, accessible to the ordinary
+intelligence of the working people. He possessed a marvelous memory, and
+once he got hold of an amount of data he could easily avail himself of
+it at any moment. This was particularly true in the domain of history,
+with its compilation of bloodcurdling events, from which he drew his
+conclusions of how the human race ought _not to live_.
+
+Together with his journalistic activity, he combined oral propaganda.
+His power of delivery was marvelous, and those who heard him in his
+early days will understand why the powers of the world stood in awe
+before him. He not only had a very convincing way, but he succeeded in
+keeping his audiences spellbound or to bring them up to the highest
+pitch of enthusiasm.
+
+The scene of his first great activity was in Vienna, where he was soon
+met with many indictments and persecutions from the authorities, who
+mercilessly pursued him for the rest of his life. After a term of
+imprisonment in several American prisons, he went to Germany, where he
+became the editor of the "Free Press" in Berlin, but his original and
+biting criticism of bureaucracy again brought him in conflict with the
+powers that be. The Berlin prison, Ploetzensee, soon closed its doors on
+the culprit. Even to-day those who visit that famous institution of
+civilization are still shown Most's cell.
+
+At that time Bismarck carried an unsuccessful battle against the power
+of the Catholic Church, eager to subordinate her to the State authority.
+It happened that the famous leader of the Catholic party, Majunke, was
+sent for a term of imprisonment to Ploetzensee. When the prisoners were
+led out for their daily walk, the leader of the Reds, John Most, met the
+leader of the Blacks, Majunke. The situation was comical enough to cause
+amusement to both; both being brilliant, they found enough interesting
+material for conversation, which helped them over the dreariness and
+monotony of prison life.
+
+Several years later Bismarck succeeded in enacting the muzzle law
+against Social Democracy, which destroyed the freedom of the press and
+assembly. The question arose then what could be done.
+
+Most had been elected to the Reichstag, representing the famous factory
+town Chemnitz, but his experience in Parliament only served him to
+despise the representative system and professional lawmaking more than
+ever.
+
+When leaders of Social Democracy, like Bebel and Liebknecht, thought it
+more expedient to adapt themselves to conditions, Most went to London,
+where he continued his revolutionary literary crusade in the "Freiheit."
+He came in contact with Karl Marx, Engels and various other refugees who
+lived in England. Marx assured Most that his sharp pen in the "Freiheit"
+was not likely to cause him any trouble in England so long as the
+Conservative party was in power, but that nothing good was to be
+expected of a Liberal government. Marx was right. Shortly after Most's
+arrival in London his paper was seized and he was arrested on the
+indictment for inciting to murder because he paid a glowing tribute to
+the revolutionists of Russia, who, on the first of March, 1881, executed
+Alexander II. He was tried and sentenced to eighteen months'
+imprisonment to one of the barbarous English prisons.
+
+Most gradually developed into an Anarchist, representing Communist
+Anarchism, the organization of production and consummation, based on
+free industrial groups, and which would exclude State and bureaucratic
+interference. His ideas were related to those of Kropotkin and Elisee
+Reclus. He often assured me that he considered Kropotkin his teacher,
+and that he owed much of his mental development to him.
+
+The next aim of the hounded man was America, but it does not appear that
+he was followed across the ocean by his lucky star. He soon was made to
+feel that free speech and free press in this great republic was but a
+myth. Time and again he was arrested, brutally treated by the police,
+and sentenced to serve time in the penitentiary. Added to this came the
+fearful attacks and misrepresentations of Most and his ideas by the
+press, many of the articles making him appear as a wild beast ever
+plotting destruction. The last sentence inflicted upon him was after the
+Czolgosz act. He was arrested for an article by the Radical Karl
+Heinzen, that had been written many years ago and the author of which
+had been dead a long time. The article had not the slightest relation to
+the act, did not contain a single reference to the conditions of this
+country, and treated altogether of European conditions of fifty years
+ago. In the face of this sentence one cannot but help think of Tolstoi's
+"Power of Darkness." Only the Power of Darkness in the minds of the
+judges before whom Most was tried and the newspaper men, who helped in
+arousing public opinion against him, were responsible for the sentence
+inflicted upon him.
+
+Taking Most's life superficially, it would appear that his road was hard
+and thorny, but looking at it from a thorough view point, one will
+realize that all his hardships and injustices had made of him a
+relentless, uncompromising rebel, who continued to wage war against the
+enemies of the people.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+With but few exceptions the American journalists censure the immoral
+profession of "Mrs. Warren." Is it not heavenly irony that God pressed
+the headman's sword of morals into the hands of the newspaper writers?
+Perhaps the great God Pan thought they would be the fittest to handle
+the sword, since they are so intimately associated with mental
+prostitution.
+
+
+
+
+CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA.
+
+
+A large, strong man, dressed in a uniform and armed to the teeth,
+knocked at the door of a hut on the west coast of Africa.
+
+"Who are you and what do you want?" said a voice from the inside.
+
+"In the name of civilization, open your door or I'll break it down for
+you and fill you full of lead."
+
+"But what do you want here?"
+
+"My name is Christian Civilization. Don't talk like a fool, you black
+brute; what do you suppose I want here but to civilize you and make a
+reasonable human being out of you if it is possible."
+
+"What are you going to do?"
+
+"In the first place you must dress yourself like a white man. It is a
+shame and disgrace the way you go about. From now on you must wear
+underclothing, a pair of pants, vest, coat, plug hat, and a pair of
+yellow gloves. I will furnish them to you at reasonable rates."
+
+"What shall I do with them?"
+
+"Wear them, of course. You did not expect to eat them, did you? The
+first step to civilization is in wearing proper clothes."
+
+"But it is too hot here to wear such garments. I'm not used to them.
+I'll perish from the heat. Do you want to murder me?"
+
+"Not particularly. But if you do die you will have the satisfaction of
+being a martyr to civilization."
+
+"How kind!"
+
+"Don't mention it. What do you do for a living?"
+
+"When I am hungry I eat a banana; I eat, drink or sleep just as I feel
+like it."
+
+"What horrible barbarity! You must settle down to some occupation, my
+friend. If you don't it will be my duty to lock you up as a vagrant."
+
+"If I have to follow some occupation I think I'll start a coffee house.
+I've got a considerable amount of coffee and sugar stored here and
+there."
+
+"Oh, you have, have you? Why, you are not such a hopeless case as I
+thought you were. In the first place you want to pay me the sum of fifty
+dollars."
+
+"What for?"
+
+"As an occupation tax, you ignorant heathen. Do you expect all the
+blessings of civilization for nothing?"
+
+"But I have no money."
+
+"That makes no difference. I'll take it out in tea and coffee. If you
+don't pay up like a Christian man, I'll put you in jail for the rest of
+your life."
+
+"What is jail?"
+
+"Jail is a progressive word. You must be prepared to make some
+sacrifices for civilization, you know."
+
+"What a great and glorious thing is civilization."
+
+"You cannot possibly realize the benefits of it, but you will before I
+get through with you, my fine fellow."
+
+The unfortunate native took to the woods and has not been seen
+since--_Waverly Magazine_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+OUR PURPOSE.
+
+By MARY HANSEN.
+
+
+     _I come, not with the blaring of trumpet,
+       To herald the birth of a king;
+     I come, not with traditional story,
+       The life of a savior to sing;
+     I come, not with jests for the silly,
+       I come, not to worship the strong,
+     But to question the powers that govern,
+       To point out a world-old wrong._
+
+     _To kiss from the starved lips of childhood
+       The lies that are sapping its breath,
+     And brighten the brief cheerless valley
+       That leads to the darkness of death;
+     With reason and sympathy blended,
+       And a hope that all mankind shall see,
+     Untrammeled by Creed, Law or Custom--
+       The attainable goal of the Free._
+
+
+
+
+MARRIAGE AND THE HOME.
+
+By JOHN R. CORYELL.
+
+
+You remember _Punch's_ advice to the young man about to be
+married--don't. There is a jest nearly half a century old, and yet ever
+fresh and poignant. Why? Can it be that the secret, serious voice of
+mankind proclaims the jest truth in masquerade? Can it be that marriage,
+as an institution, has indeed proved itself in experience such a
+terrible failure?
+
+We worship many fetishes, we of the superior civilization, and the
+institution of marriage is the chief of them. Few of us but bow before
+that; before that and the home of which it is the foundation. And I know
+what scorn and obloquy and denunciation await that man who stands unawed
+before it, seeing in it but an ugly little idol. And I guess what will
+be dealt out to him who not only refuses to bow the head, but openly
+scoffs. And yet I am going to scoff and say ugly words about this fetish
+of ours. I am going to say that it represents ignorance, hides and
+causes hypocrisy, stands in the way of progress, drags low the standard
+of individual excellence, perpetuates many foul practices.
+
+Let me admit at the outset that I recognize in the institution of
+marriage a perfectly legitimate result of the working of the law of
+evolution. Of course it is; and the same may be said of everything that
+exists whether good or evil. Every vile and filthy thing, crime,
+disease, misery, are all equally legitimate products of the working of
+this law. Evolution is simply the process of the logical working of
+things; it explains how things come to be; and there is nothing in the
+nature of the law to enable it to give to its results the hall mark of
+sterling. A thing is because of something else that was. Marriage is
+because of a primeval club. Man craved woman and he procured her.
+Considering the beginnings of the institution of marriage, it is
+interesting, if nothing more, to consider the efforts of the priest to
+give it an attribute of sanctity, to call it a sacrament. In truth,
+marriage is the most artificial of the relations which exist in the
+social body. It is a device of man at his worst--a mixture of slavery,
+savage egotism and priestcraft. It is indicated by nothing in the
+physical constitution of either male or female. It is an anomaly; a
+contract which can be freely entered into by the most unfit, but which
+cannot be broken, though both parties wish it, though absolute unfitness
+be patent, though hell on earth be its result. The pretense must be
+abandoned that men and women marry in order to reproduce their kind.
+Nothing could be less true. Marriage legalizes reproduction, but is not
+caused by desire for it. Marriage is the hard and fast tying together of
+a man and a woman without the least regard to moral or physiological
+conditions. Marriage may be for pecuniary gain, or for social
+advancement; it may be at the will of a controlling parent, or, more
+commonly for St. Paul's reason, that it is better to marry than to burn;
+but never for the reason that the parties to it are fitted to each other
+for parenthood. That supreme consideration not only does not enter into
+either the preliminary or after-thought of the matter, but is even held
+to be an indecent topic of conversation between persons not already
+married to each other.
+
+The constituents of the average marriage are a man over-stimulated
+sexually by mystery and ignorance, and a woman abnormally undersexed by
+the course of self-repression and self-mutilation which have been taught
+her from her earliest childhood as necessities of modesty, purity and
+virtue. And then out of the carefully cultivated repugnance of the woman
+and the savage, exulting, unrelenting passion of the man are produced
+children, frequently welcome, seldom premeditated. And we are asked to
+believe that out of such elements are created the best foundation for a
+race or nation. Surely, surely, that combination of conditions is the
+best for a race or a nation which produces the best individuals; and
+quite as surely we should strive to bring about those conditions which
+tend to produce the best individuals.
+
+Then there is home. Home, sweet home! the perfect flower, we are told,
+that blooms on the fair stem of marriage. Yet it is the very citadel of
+ignorance, when it should be the school in which are taught the
+beautiful phenomena of physical life. Home! where the simplest, purest
+facts of life are converted into a nasty mystery and deliberately
+endowed with the characteristics of impurity and sin; for what else is
+the meaning of that solemn formula, which most of us have been taught,
+that we were conceived in sin? What else is the meaning of the hush and
+blush that go to any reference to sex, sign or manifestation of sex? Is
+it not awful beyond the power of words to express that a man and a woman
+come together in ignorance and beget children who are not even to obtain
+the benefit of such knowledge as their unfortunate parents pick up by
+the way, but must themselves begin the most responsible functions of
+life, not only in equal ignorance, but with an added load of
+misconceptions, sex-superstitions, immoral dogmas and probably physical
+disabilities? A short time since a father was speaking to me of his son,
+fourteen years of age, and plainly at an age when some of the beautiful
+phenomena of sex-life were beginning to crowd upon him for notice. I
+asked the man if he had talked with his son about the matter. His answer
+was peculiar only in that he put into words a description of the
+attitude of the average parent: "Talked to him about that? Not I. Let
+him learn as I did. No one ever told me." But some one had told him, as
+his unpleasantly reminiscent smile advised me! He had been told by
+ignorant companions, by ignorant servants, and, quite likely, by books,
+whose grossness would have been harmless but for the child's piteous
+ignorance. No, the man would not talk with his son about such things,
+but he would go into his club and talk into the small hours over a glass
+of whiskey with his friends there, turning the beauty and purity of sex
+manifestation into shabby jest and impure ridicule. He would exchange
+stories based on sex relation with any stranger with whom he might ride
+for two hours in a smoking car. Every man knows that I speak well within
+bounds.
+
+And the girl child! what of her? Does her mother, the victim of
+misinformation and no information, of misuse and self-mutilation, in the
+sweet privacy of this home, which is called the cradle of peace and the
+nestling place of purity, save her by taking warning of her own ruined
+life and giving her the benefit of such little knowledge as she has
+gained in physical, mental and moral misery? We know she does not. On
+the contrary, the same terrible old lies are told, the same hideous
+practices are resorted to; and another poor creature is launched into
+that awful life of legalized prostitution which is called marriage.
+
+Motherhood is woman's highest function, and, moreover, it is a function
+which it is unwise not to exercise; for it is infinitely more perilous
+for a healthy woman not to be a mother than it is for her to bear
+children. Motherhood, too, is the most markedly indicated function of a
+woman's body. She is specialized for it; it is the thing indicated. And
+yet we never say to a woman, Be a mother when you will; we hold up our
+hands in horror at the very thought of motherhood itself, and we say,
+Marry; marry anything; get another name for yourself; merge your very
+identity into that of some man; get a home; never mind about children;
+you don't have to have them; they have nothing to do with your
+respectability. Is it not so? Is it not so that that woman who prefers
+her own name and her freedom, and who exercises her highest function of
+motherhood, thereby becomes a thing of scorn and contumely?
+
+And yet, how in this world can a woman do a finer, wiser, braver, truer
+thing than to bear a child in freedom by a carefully chosen father? It
+is true that we have moralists who urge wives to breed for the good of
+the country, but even they, while declaring that it is the duty of women
+to have large families, roll their eyes in horror at the thought of a
+woman exercising her plainest right, without first having some man,
+whose only interest in the matter is his fee, say some magic words over
+her and her master.
+
+Oh, that marriage ceremony! And is it not pathetic to hear the women,
+dimly conscious of their backbones, declaring that they will not promise
+to obey? They will promise vehemently to love and honor, which they
+absolutely cannot be sure of doing, but they refuse to obey--the only
+thing they could safely promise to do, and which, in fact, most of them
+do. For, writhe and twist as they may, defy never so bravely, the
+conventions of the world are against them, and conform they must. Down,
+down they sink until they are on their knees in the mire of tradition,
+their heads bowed to the ugly little fetish. A woman may be a thousand
+times the superior of her husband, and yet she must be his slave.
+
+And what puerile fables, what transparent lies are told to reconcile the
+poor slave to her lot! A man's rib! And she is the weaker vessel!
+Nevertheless, she is the power behind the throne. And if the man
+possess her, does she not equally possess him? Is not monogamy the
+mainstay of our morals? Is not God to be thanked that he has given us
+light to see the horrors of polygamy? Oh, that shocking thing, polygamy!
+How the husbands of the land rise up to defend their firesides from it!
+No Smoots shall get into our Senate. That virtuous Senate!
+
+Why if every practising polygamist went home from the Congress there
+would not be a quorum left to do business. Monogamy! Why it is the most
+shocking phase of the hypocrisy due to marriage. There is no such
+condition known in this country. Of course, there may be sporadic cases
+of it, but that is all. If monogamy be the practice of the men of this
+country, why the hundreds of thousands of prostitutes, why divorces for
+adultery, why those secret establishments where unhappily married men
+indemnify themselves for the appearance of monogamy by an association
+which can be ended at will? Whence come the mulattoes and the
+half-breeds of all sorts? Who so credulous as to believe the fable of
+monogamy?
+
+What has monogamy or polygamy or polyandry to do with this matter? I
+assume that it is undeniable that motherhood is woman's most manifest
+function. If that be so, how can there be any more immorality in the
+exercise of it than in the process of digestion? What can be clearer
+than that a woman has the inherent right to bear children if she wish?
+And there is nothing in experience or morals which demands one father
+for all her children. It should be for her to say whether she will have
+one father for all her children or one for each. And if the question be
+asked how, under such conditions, the interests of the children would be
+safe-guarded, I ask if they are safe-guarded now. The right-minded man
+provides as he can for them; as would be the case always; while the
+wrong-minded man does not now provide properly for them. Besides, is the
+mother not to be considered? Do we not all know of women who in
+widowhood take care of their families? Do we not know of women who take
+care of their husbands as well as of their children? Women, of course,
+should, in any case, be economically free. But at least let them be sex
+free; let them decide for themselves whether they will have many or few
+or no children. Teach woman to be economically independent, give her the
+opportunity for full knowledge of all that pertains to motherhood; make
+the motherhood a pure and beautiful manifestation of physical activity
+if you will, but without forgetting that it is only simple and natural;
+avoiding that hysterical glorification of the function in poetry and the
+hiding of it in actual life as if it were an unclean thing. But the
+important matter is to understand that a woman has a right to bear a
+child if she wish. Nothing is more distinctly pointed out by the
+constitution of her body, and therefore it is impossible that there can
+be any immorality in the exercise of the function. To put my idea in as
+few and as bold words as I can: Motherhood is a right and has no proper
+relation to marriage. Marriage is a purely artificial relation, and not
+only is it not justified by its results, but distinctly it is
+discredited by them. By it a man becomes a vile hypocrite since he
+loudly avows a moral standard and a course of conduct which in private
+by his acts he denies and puts to scorn; by it a woman becomes a slave,
+giving up her rights in her own body; submitting to ravishment, and
+becoming the accidental mother to unwished, unwelcome children; by it
+children are robbed of their plain right to the best equipment that can
+be given them; and which cannot be given them under the prevailing
+system. It is only when a woman is free to choose the father of her
+child that the child can hope for even a partial payment of the debt
+that was due it from its parents from the moment they took the
+responsibility of calling it from the nowhere into the here. This
+doctrine of the responsibility of the parent to the child is
+comparatively new and goes neither with marriage nor with the home. The
+old and current notion is that the child is a chattel.
+
+Abraham never offers an apology for making little Isaac carry wood and
+then mount the sacrificial pile. Indeed we are asked to marvel at the
+heroism of the father. Then we are told that God so loved the world that
+he gave his only begotten son. As if the child were the property of the
+parent. And yet there must always have been naughty children asking
+pointed questions, for it was long ago found necessary to try to scare
+them by a divine fulmination. Honor thy father and thy mother that thy
+days may be long! It seems that even so long ago parents were afraid
+they could not win honor from their children. Abraham's place was on the
+pile, just as it is the place of the modern parent who looks upon his
+child as his chattel; disposing of him as he will; arbitrarily making
+rules for his conduct which he would not dream of observing for himself;
+stifling his natural demands for knowledge; converting what is pure and
+most beautiful in the world into a mire of filth and ignorance; wilfully
+robbing him of his birthright of individuality by forcing him to conform
+to methods of thought and conduct which his own experience tells him no
+man can or does conform to from the moment he wins his freedom or learns
+the hideous lesson of that hypocrisy which he is sure in the end to
+discover that his father practices. What right has any father to make a
+sacrifice of his child? What is his title to the love or gratitude or
+self-abnegation of his child? Is it that the child is the unconsidered
+consequence of the legal rape of some poor woman who has been unfitted
+for the office forced upon her, by a life mentally dwarfed, morally
+twisted and physically mutilated? Is it that the child is haled out of
+nothingness to be inoculated, perhaps, with germs of disease in the
+first instance and then half nourished for nine months in a body which
+has been robbed of its vitality by the mutilation and torture to which
+it has been subjected at the behest of fashion?
+
+The highest duty of a parent is to so treat his child that it will enter
+upon the struggle of life prepared to obtain the utmost happiness from
+it.
+
+If anyone fancies I have been too severe in my strictures I would ask
+him to read what Mrs. Gilman has to say on the subject of home. It is
+true that she does not come to the same conclusion that I do. She would
+have women economically independent, and she would have children taken
+care of by those especially fitted for the task, leaving mothers and
+fathers free to go their separate ways. But how could there be separate
+ways so long as the slavery of marriage remained? Woman must be not only
+economically free, but altogether free. As I have said, motherhood is
+not an affair of morals; it is a function. Marriage, on the other hand,
+is a matter of morals; and hideously immoral it is, too. Then why not
+have motherhood without its immoral, artificial adjunct, marriage?
+
+You see I do not ask for easy divorce as a solution of the problem of
+marriage. I set my face sternly against divorce. I am one with the
+church in that. I only demand that there shall be no marriage at all,
+that there shall be no fastening of life-long slavery on woman. Let
+woman mother children or not, as she will. Let her say who shall be the
+father of her child and of each child. Let motherhood be deemed not even
+honorable, but only natural.
+
+Can anyone believe that if men and women were free to decide whether or
+not they would be parents, they would not in the end, seeing their duty
+in the light of their knowledge, fit themselves for parenthood before
+taking upon themselves its responsibilities?
+
+I would like to say that I have no fear of the odium of the designation
+of iconoclast. Nor do I quake lest some one triumphantly ask me what I
+will put in the place of marriage and the home. As well might one demand
+what I would give in the place of smallpox if I were able to eradicate
+it. I am not concerned to find a substitute for such perversion of sex
+activity. If men and women choose to live together in freedom, fathering
+and mothering their children according to a rule grown out of freedom,
+and directed by expediency, I fancy they would be, at least, as happy as
+they can be now, tied together by a hard, unpleasant knot. And if an
+economically free woman chose to have six children by six different
+fathers, as a wise woman might well do, I believe she could be trusted
+to secure those children from want quite as well as the mother-slave of
+to-day, who bears her children at the will of an irresponsible man, and
+then, often enough, has to take care of them and him too.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+"Wealth protects and animates art and literature, as the dew enlivens
+the fields."
+
+Nonsense! Wealth animates art and literature, as the whistle of the
+master animates the dog and makes him wag his tail.
+
+
+
+
+THE MODERN NEWSPAPER.
+
+
+Let me describe to you, very briefly, a newspaper day.
+
+Figure first, then, a hastily erected, and still more hastily designed,
+building in a dirty, paper-littered back street of London, and a number
+of shabbily dressed men coming and going in this with projectile
+swiftness. Within this factory companies of printers, tensely active
+with nimble fingers--they were always speeding up the printers--ply
+their typesetting machines, and cast and arrange masses of metal in a
+sort of kitchen inferno, above which, in a beehive of little, brightly
+lit rooms, disheveled men sit and scribble. There is a throbbing of
+telephones and a clicking of telegraph instruments, a rushing of
+messengers, a running to and fro of heated men, clutching proofs and
+copy. Then begins a roar of machinery catching the infection, going
+faster and faster, and whizzing and banging. Engineers, who have never
+had time to wash since their birth, fly about with oil cans, while paper
+runs off its rolls with a shudder of haste. The proprietor you must
+suppose arriving explosively on a swift motor car, leaping out before
+the thing is at a standstill, with letters and documents clutched in his
+hand, rushing in, resolute to "hustle," getting wonderfully in
+everybody's way. At the sight of him even the messenger boys who are
+waiting get up and scamper to and fro. Sprinkle your vision with
+collisions, curses, incoherencies. You imagine all the parts of this
+complex, lunatic machine working hysterically toward a crescendo of
+haste and excitement as the night wears on. At last, the only things
+that seem to travel slowly in those tearing, vibrating premises, are the
+hands of the clock.
+
+Slowly things draw on toward publication, the consummation of all those
+stresses. Then, in the small hours, in the now dark and deserted streets
+comes a wild whirl of carts and men, the place spurts paper at every
+door; bales, heaps, torrents of papers, that are snatched and flung
+about in what looks like a free fight, and off with a rush and clatter
+east, west, north and south. The interest passes outwardly; the men from
+the little rooms are going homeward, the printers disperse, yawning, the
+roaring presses slacken. The paper exists. Distribution follows
+manufacture, and we follow the bundles.
+
+Our vision becomes a vision of dispersal. You see those bundles hurling
+into stations, catching trains by a hair's breadth, speeding on their
+way, breaking up, smaller bundles of them hurled with a fierce accuracy
+out upon the platforms that rush by, and then everywhere a division of
+these smaller bundles into still smaller bundles, into dispersing
+parcels, into separate papers. The dawn happens unnoticed amidst a great
+running and shouting of boys, a shoving through letter-slots, openings
+of windows, spreading out upon book-stalls. For the space of a few
+hours, you must figure the whole country dotted white with rustling
+papers. Placards everywhere vociferate the hurried lie for the day. Men
+and women in trains, men and women eating and reading, men by study
+fenders, people sitting up in bed, mothers and sons and daughters
+waiting for father to finish--a million scattered people are
+reading--reading headlong--or feverishly ready to read. It is just as if
+some vehement jet had sprayed that white foam of papers over the surface
+of the land.
+
+Nonsense! The whole affair is a noisy paroxysm of nonsense, unreasonable
+excitement, witless mischief, and waste of strength--signifying nothing.
+
+               --From H. G. Wells "In the Days of the Comet."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A VISIT TO SING SING.
+
+By A MORALIST.
+
+
+I was ennuye; the everlasting decency and respectability of my
+surroundings bored me. On whichever side of me I looked, I saw people
+doing the same things for the same reasons; or for the same lack of
+reasons. And they were uninteresting.
+
+"Oh," said I to myself, "these are the people of the ruts; they go that
+way because others have gone; they are conforming. But there must be
+some persons who do not conform. Where are they?"
+
+Now you can understand why it was that my thoughts turned toward that
+monument of our civilization on the Hudson River, and why finally I
+made up my mind to visit it.
+
+I knew that neither my citizenship, nor yet my philosophic and human
+interest in the working of that great school would avail to obtain me
+entrance there, so I sought out one of the politicians of my district,
+who at that time at least exercised his activities outside of the walls
+of the building, and I exchanged with him a five-dollar bill for an
+order to admit me.
+
+"I suppose," I said to the attendant who did the honors of the place for
+me, "that these persons who are garbed alike and who affect the same
+tonsorial effect are those who have been unskillful in their
+non-conformity."
+
+"They are prisoners," he replied. I bit my lip and looked as smug as I
+remembered one should who as yet has the right of egress as well as
+ingress in an institution of that character.
+
+At that moment my eyes fell on a face that seemed familiar to me, and as
+I studied it I saw with surprise that I had come upon a man who had once
+been a schoolmate of mine.
+
+Now I had always believed that if a person had done wrong, he would be
+conscious of it; and that if he were found out he would at least try to
+appear penitent. But in this case my theory did not seem to be working;
+for my former chum, whom I remembered as a quiet, unobtrusive fellow,
+met my startled glance with a twinkle of suppressed humor. I confess
+that such a blow to my theory filled me with indignation.
+
+I stepped toward him, all my moral superiority betraying itself in the
+self-satisfied smirk which fixed itself on my face in accordance with
+the sense of duty which the Philistine feels so keenly in his relations
+with others.
+
+"Why are you here?" I asked him.
+
+"Are you not a little impertinent?" he asked. "I do not inquire of you
+why you are here."
+
+"That is obvious, to say the least," I answered loftily.
+
+"Obvious from your pharisaical expression, perhaps," he said
+good-naturedly. "But never mind! We look at the matter from different
+points of view. To me it is a greater indiscretion to annoy a helpless
+prisoner with 'holier-than-thou' questions than it would be to attend
+the Charity Ball in pajamas. But of course you do not see it in the same
+light."
+
+"Pardon me if I annoyed you," I said stiffly.
+
+"Don't mention it," he replied, with the humorous twinkle still playing
+in his eyes. "And to prove that I bear no hard feeling, I will ask you
+some questions."
+
+Naturally I was embarrassed at such an exhibition of hardihood in one in
+his situation, but I said I would be pleased to answer him to the best
+of my ability.
+
+"It is some time since I was away from this retreat on a vacation," he
+said, with an easy assurance that was indescribably shocking to one of
+correct principles, "and I would like to know if all the rascals have
+yet been put in prison."
+
+I pushed my insurance policy a little deeper into my pocket and replied,
+with conviction:
+
+"Certainly not; but you must not forget that no man is guilty until he
+has been proven so."
+
+"Ah, yes," he said; "and that a man may pride himself on his honesty on
+the secure ground that he has not yet reached the penitentiary. Yes, of
+course, you are right. But, tell me, is it true, according to a rumor
+which has reached us in our seclusion, that these good Christians _pro
+tem_, are considering the advisability of having rat poison served to us
+in place of the delicious stale bread and flat water which now comprise
+our bill of fare?"
+
+"Oh," I answered vaguely, "there are still reformers of all sorts in the
+world."
+
+"Reformers!" he cried, his face lighting up with a new interest. "Ah!
+you mean those profound thinkers who seek to cure every disease of the
+social body by means of legislation. Yes, yes! tell me about them!
+Society still believes in them?"
+
+"Believes in them!" I cried indignantly. "Surely it does. Why, the great
+political parties are responding to the cry of the downtrodden masses,
+and--"
+
+"Oh," he said dreamily, "they are still responding?"
+
+"What do you mean by still responding?" I demanded curtly.
+
+"Why, I remember that in my time, too, the people always responded. The
+party leaders would say to them that they were in a bad way and needed
+help. The people would cry out in joy to think their leaders had
+discovered this. Then the leaders would wink at each other and jump upon
+the platforms and explain to the people that what was needed was a new
+law of some sort. The people would weep for happiness at such wisdom and
+would beg their leaders to get together and make the law. And the law
+that the leaders would make when they got together was one that would
+put the people still more in their power. So that is still going on?"
+
+I recognized that he was ironical, but I answered with a sneer:
+
+"The people get what they deserve, and what they wish. They have only to
+demand through the ballot box, you know."
+
+"Ah, yes," he murmured with a grin, "I had forgotten the ballot box.
+Dear me! how could I have forgotten the ballot box?"
+
+Providentially the keeper came to notify me that my time was up, and I
+turned away.
+
+"One thing more," cried the prisoner; "is it still the case that the
+American people enjoy their freedom best when they are enslaved in some
+way?"
+
+"You are outrageous," I exclaimed; "the American people are not enslaved
+in any way. It is true they are restricted for their own good by those
+more capable of judging than they. That must always be the case."
+
+"I don't know about must," he sighed, "but I am sure it will always be
+the case as long as a man's idea of freedom is his ability to impose
+some slavish notion on his brother."
+
+"Good-bye," I said, with a recurrence to my smirk of pharisaical pity,
+"I am sorry to see you here."
+
+"Oh, don't be troubled on my account," he answered; "on the whole, I am
+satisfied."
+
+"Satisfied! Impossible!" I cried.
+
+"Why impossible? Consider that I shall never again be compelled to
+associate with decent, honest folk. Oh, I have cause to be satisfied; I
+am here on a life sentence."
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD AND THE NEW DRAMA.
+
+By MAX BAGINSKI.
+
+
+The inscription over the Drama in olden times used to be, "Man, look
+into this mirror of life; your soul will be gripped in its innermost
+depths, anguish and dread will take possession of you in the face of
+this rage of human desire and passion. Go ye, atone and make good."
+
+Even Schiller entertained this view when he called the Stage a moral
+institution. It was also from this standpoint that the Drama was
+expected to show the terrible consequences of uncontrolled human
+passion, and that these consequences should teach man to overcome
+himself. "To conquer oneself is man's greatest triumph."
+
+This ascetic tendency, incidentally part of chastisement and acquired
+resignation, one can trace in every investigation of the value and
+meaning of the Drama, though in different forms. The avenging Nemesis,
+always at the heels of the sinner, may be placated by means of rigid
+self-control and self-denial. This, too, was Schopenhauer's idea of the
+Drama. In it, his eye perceived with horror that human relation became
+disastrously interwoven; that guilt and atonement made light of the
+human race, which merely served as a target for the principles of good
+and evil. Guilt and atonement reign because the blind force of life will
+not resign itself, but, on the contrary, is ever ready to yield itself
+to the struggle of the passions. Mountains of guilt pile themselves on
+the top of each other, while purifying fires ever flame up into the
+heavens.
+
+In the idea that Life in itself is a great guilt, Schopenhauer coincides
+with the teachings of Christ, though otherwise he has little regard for
+them. With Christ, he recognized in the chastisement of the body a
+purification of the mind; the inner man, who thus escapes from close
+physical intimacy, as if from bad company. The spiritual man appears
+before the physical as a saint and a Pharisee. In reality, he is the
+intellectual cause of the so-called bad deeds of the human body, its
+path indicator and teacher. But, once the mischief is accomplished, he
+puts on a pious air and denies all responsibility for the deed.
+Wherever the idea of guilt, the fear of sin prevails, the mind becomes
+traitor to the body: "I know him not and will have nothing to do with
+him." Whenever man entertains the belief in good and evil, he is bound
+to pretend the good and do the evil. And yet the understanding of all
+human occurrences begins, as with the Zarathustra philosopher, beyond
+good and evil.
+
+The modern drama is, in its profoundest depths, an attempt to ignore
+good and evil in its analysis of human manifestations. It aims to get at
+a complete whole, out of each strong, healthy emotion, out of each
+absorbing mood that carries and urges one forward from the beginning to
+the end. It represents the World as it reflects itself in each passion,
+in each quivering life; not trying to confine and to judge, to condemn
+or to praise; not acting merely in the capacity of a cold observer; but
+striving to grow in oneness with Life; to become color, tone and light;
+to absorb universal sorrow as one's own; universal joy as one's own; to
+feel every emotion as it manifests itself in a natural way; to be one's
+self, yet oblivious of self.
+
+The modern dramatist tries to understand and to explain. Goodness is no
+longer entitled to a reward, like a pupil who knows his lesson; nor is
+evil condemned to an eternal Hell. Both belong together in the sphere of
+all that is human. Often enough it is seen that evil triumphs over good,
+while virtue, ever highly praised in words, is rarely practiced. It is
+set aside to become dusty and dirty in some obscure corner. Only at some
+opportune moment is it brought forward from its hiding place to serve as
+a cover for some vile deed. We can no longer believe that beyond and
+above us there is some irrevocable, irresistible Fate, whose duty it is
+to punish all evil and wrong and to reward all goodness; an idea so
+fondly cherished by our grandfathers.
+
+To-day we no longer look for the force of fate outside of human
+activity. It lives and weaves its own tragedies and comedies with us and
+within us. It has its roots in our social, political and economic
+surroundings, in our physical, mental and psychic capacities. (Did not
+the fate of Cyrano de Bergerac lie in his gigantic nose?) With others,
+fate lies in their vocation in life, in their mental and emotional
+tendencies, which either submerge them into the hurry and rush of a
+commonplace existence, or bring them into the most annoying conflicts
+with the _dicta_ of society. Indeed, it is often seen that a human
+being, apparently of a cheerful nature, but who has failed to establish
+a durable relation with society, often leads a most tragic inner life.
+Should he find the cause in his own inclinations, and suffer agonizing
+reproaches therefrom, he becomes a misanthrope. If, however, he feels
+inwardly robust and powerful, living truly, if he crave complete
+assertion of a self that is being hampered by his surroundings at every
+step, he must inevitably become a Revolutionist. And, again, his life
+may become tragic in the struggle with our powerful institutions and
+traditions, the leaden weight of which will, apparently, not let him
+soar through space to ever greater heights. Apparently, because it
+sometimes occurs that an individual rises above the average, and waves
+his colors over the heads of the common herd. His life is that of the
+storm bird, anxiously making for distant shores. The efforts of the
+deepest, truest and freest spirits of our day tend toward the conscious
+formation of life, toward that life which will make the blind raging of
+the elements impossible; a life which will show man his sovereignity and
+admit his right to direct his own world.
+
+The old conception of the drama paid little or no attention to the
+importance of the influences of social conditions. It was the individual
+alone who had to carry the weight of all responsibility. But is not the
+tragedy greater, the suffering of the individual increased, by
+influences he cannot control, the existing social and moral conditions?
+And is it not true that the very best and most beautiful in the human
+breast cannot and will not bow down to the commands of the commonplace
+and everyday conditions? Out of the anachronisms of society and its
+relation to the individual grow the strongest motives of the modern
+drama. Pure personal conflicts are no longer considered important enough
+to bring about a dramatic climax. A play must contain the beating of the
+waves, the deep breath of life; and its strong invigorating breeze can
+never fail in bringing about a dramatic effect upon our emotions. The
+new drama means reproduction of nature in all its phases, the social and
+psychological included. It embraces, analyzes and enriches all life. It
+goes hand in hand with the longing for materially and mentally
+harmonious institutions. It rehabilitates the human body, establishes it
+in its proper place and dignity, and brings about the long deferred
+reconciliation between the mind and the body.
+
+Full of enthusiasm, with the pulse of time throbbing in his veins, the
+modern dramatist compiles mountains of material for the better
+understanding of Man, and the influences that mould and form him. He no
+longer presents capital acts, extraordinary events, or melodramatic
+expressions. It is life in all its complexity, that is being unfolded
+before us, and so we come closer to the source of the forces that
+destroy and build up again, the forces that make for individual
+character and direct the world at large. Life, as a whole, is being
+dealt with, and not mere particles. Formerly our eyes were dazzled by a
+display of costumes and scenery, while the heart remained unmoved. This
+no longer satisfies. One must feel the warmth of life, in order to
+respond, to be gripped.
+
+The sphere of the drama has widened most marvellously in all directions,
+and only ends where human limitations begin. Together with this, a
+marked deepening of the inner world has taken place. Still there are
+those who have much to say about the vulgarity contained in the modern
+drama, and how its inaugurators and following present the ugly and
+untruthful. Untrue and ugly, indeed, for those who are buried under a
+mass of inherited views and prejudices. The growth of the scope of the
+drama has increased the number of the participants therein. Formerly it
+was assumed that the fate of the ordinary man, the man of the masses,
+was altogether too obscure, too indifferent to serve as material for
+anything tragic; since those who had never dwelt in the heights of
+material splendor could not go down to the darkest and lowest abyss.
+Because of that assumption, the low and humble never gained access to
+the center of the stage; they were only utilized to represent mobs.
+Those that were of importance were persons of high position and
+standing, persons who represented wealth and power with superiority and
+dignity, yet with shallow and superficial airs. The ensemble was but a
+mechanism and not an organism; and each participant was stiff and
+lifeless; each movement was forced and strained. The old fate and hero
+drama did not spring from within Man and the things about him; it was
+merely manufactured. Most remarkable incidents, unheard of situations
+had to be invented, if only to produce, externally, an appearance of
+coinciding cause and effect; and not a single plot could be without
+secret doors and vaults, terrible oaths and perjury. If Ibsen, Gorky,
+Hauptmann, Gabrielle D'Annunzio and others had brought us nothing else
+but liberation from such grotesque ballast, from such impossibilities as
+destroy every illusion as to the life import of a play, they would still
+be entitled to our gratitude and the gratitude of posterity. But they
+have done more. Out of the confusion of trap doors, secret passages,
+folding screens, they have led us into the light of day, of undisguised
+events, with their simple distinct outlines. In this light, the man of
+the heap gains in life force, importance and depth. The stage no longer
+offers a place for impossible deeds and the endless monologues of the
+hero, the important feature is harmonious concert of action. The hero,
+on a stage that conscientiously stands for real art and aims to produce
+life, is about as superfluous as the clown who amused the audience
+between the acts. After all the spectacle of one star display, one
+cannot help but hail the refreshing contrast, shown in the "Man of
+Destiny," by the clever Bernard Shaw, where he presents the legend-hero,
+Napoleon, as a petty intriguer, with all the inner fear and uneasiness
+of a plotter. In these days of concerted energy, of the co-operation of
+numerous hands and brains; in the days when the most far-reaching effect
+can only be accomplished through the summons of a manifold physical and
+mental endeavor, the existence of these loud heroes is circumscribed
+within rather limited lines.
+
+Previous generations could never have grasped the deep tragedy in that
+famous painting of Millet that inspired Edwin Markham to write his "Man
+with the Hoe." Our generation, however, is thrilled by it. And is there
+not something terribly tragic about the lives of the great masses who
+pierced the colossal stone cliffs of the Simplon, or who are building
+the Panama Canal? They have and are performing a task that may safely be
+compared with the extraordinary achievements of Hercules; works which,
+according to human conception, will last into eternity. The names and
+the characters of these workmen are unknown. The historians, coldly and
+disinterestedly, pass them by.
+
+The new drama has unveiled this kind of tragedy. It has done away with
+the lie that sought to produce a violent dramatic effect through a
+plunge from the sublime to the ridiculous. Those who understand
+Tolstoy's "Power of Darkness," wherein but those of the lowest strata
+appear, will be overwhelmed by the terrible tragedy in their lives, in
+comparison with which the worries of some crowned head or the money
+troubles of some powerful speculator will appear insignificant indeed.
+That which this master unfolds before us is no longer a plunge from
+heaven to hell; the entire life of these people is an Inferno. The
+terrible darkness and ignorance of these people, forced on them by the
+social misery of dull necessity, produces greater soul sensations in the
+spectator than the stilted tragedy of a Corneille. Those who witness a
+performance of Gerhart Hauptmann's "Hannele" and fail to be stirred by
+the grandeur and depth of that masterpiece, regardless of its petty
+poorhouse atmosphere, deserve to see nothing else than the "Wizard of
+Oz." And again is not the long thunderous march of hungry strikers in
+Zola's "Germinal" as awe-inspiring to those who feel the heart beat of
+our age even as the heroic deeds of Hannibal's warriors were to his
+contemporaries?
+
+The world stage ever represents a change of participants. The one who
+played the part of leading man in one century, may become a clown in
+another. Entire social classes and casts that formerly commanded first
+parts, are to-day utilized to make up stage decorations or as
+figurantes. Plays representing the glory of knighthood or minnesingers
+would only amuse to-day, no matter how serious they were intended to
+appear. Once anything lies buried under the bulk of social changes, it
+can affect coming generations only so far as the excavated skeleton
+affects the geologist. This must be borne in mind by sincere stage art,
+if it is not to remain in the stifling atmosphere of tradition, if it
+does not wish to degrade a noble method, that helps to recognize and
+disclose all that is rich and deep in the human into a commonplace,
+hypocritical and stupid method. If the artist's creation is to have any
+effect, it must contain elements of real life, and must turn its gaze
+toward the dawn of the morn of a more beautiful and joyous world, with a
+new and healthy generation, that feels deeply its relationship with all
+human beings over the universe.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+In a report of the Russian government, it is stated that the conduct of
+the soldiers in the struggles of the streets was such, that in no
+instance did they transgress the limit which is prescribed to them in
+their oath as soldiers. This is true. The soldier's oath prescribes
+murder and cruelty as their patriotic duty.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+If government, were it even an ideal Revolutionary government, creates
+no new force and is of no use whatever in the work of demolition which
+we have to accomplish, still less can we count on it for the work of
+reorganization which must follow that of demolition. The economic change
+which will result from the Social Revolution will be so immense and so
+profound, it must so change all the relations based to-day on property
+and exchange, that it is impossible for one or any individual to
+elaborate the different social forms, which must spring up in the
+society of the future. This elaboration of new social forms can only be
+made by the collective work of the masses. To satisfy the immense
+variety of conditions and needs which will spring up as soon as private
+property shall be abolished, it is necessary to have the collective
+suppleness of mind of the whole people. Any authority external to it
+will only be an obstacle, only a trammel on the organic labor which must
+be accomplished, and beside that a source of discord and hatred.
+
+                                                          Kropotkine.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY.--POLICE PROTECTION.
+
+
+Chicago's pride are the stockyards, the Standard Oil University, and
+Miss Jane Addams. It is, therefore, perfectly natural that the
+sensibility of such a city would suffer as soon as it became known that
+an obscure person, by the common name of E. G. Smith, was none other
+than the awful Emma Goldman, and that she had not even presented herself
+to Mayor Dunne, the platonic lover of Municipal Ownership. However, not
+much harm came of it.
+
+The Chicago newspapers, who cherish the truth like a costly jewel, made
+the discovery that the shrewd Miss Smith compromised a number of
+Chicago's aristocracy and excellencies, among others also Baron von
+Schlippenbach, consul of the Russian Empire. We consider it our duty to
+defend this gentleman against such an awful accusation. Miss Smith never
+visited the house of the Baron, nor did she attend any of his banquets.
+We know her well and feel confident that she never would put her foot on
+the threshold of a representative of a government that crushes every
+free breath, every free word; that sends her very best and noblest sons
+and daughters to prison or the gallows; that has the children of the
+soil, the peasants, publicly flogged; and that is responsible for the
+barbarous slaughter of thousands of Jews.
+
+Miss Jane Addams, too, is quite safe from Miss Smith. True, she invited
+her to be present at a reception, but, knowing the weak knees of the
+soup kitchen philanthropy from past experience, Miss Smith called her up
+on the 'phone and told her that E. G. S. was the dreaded Emma Goldman.
+It must have been quite a shock to the lady; after all, one cannot
+afford to hurt the sensibilities of society, so long as one has
+political and public aspirations. Miss E. G. Smith, being a strong
+believer in the prevention of cruelty, preferred to leave the purity of
+the Hull House untouched. After her return to New York, E. G. Smith sent
+Smith about its business, and started on a lecture tour in her own
+right, as Emma Goldman.
+
+CLEVELAND. Dear old friends and co-workers: The work you accomplished
+was splendid, also the comradely spirit of the young. But why spoil it
+by bad example of applying for protection from the city authorities? It
+does not behoove us, who neither believe in their right to prohibit free
+assembly, nor to permit it, to appeal to them. If the authorities choose
+to do either, they merely prove their autocracy. Those who love freedom
+must understand that it is even more distasteful to speak under police
+protection than it is to suffer under their persecution. However, the
+meetings were very encouraging and the feeling of solidarity sweet and
+refreshing.
+
+BUFFALO. The shadow of September 6 still haunts the police of that city.
+Their only vision of an Anarchist is one who is forever lying in wait
+for human life, which is, of course, very stupid; but stupidity and
+authority always join forces. Capt. Ward, who, with a squad of police,
+came to save the innocent citizens of Buffalo, asked if we knew the law,
+and was quite surprised that that was not our trade; that we had not
+been employed to disentangle the chaos of the law,--that it was his
+affair to know the law. However, the Captain showed himself absolutely
+ignorant of the provisions of the American Constitution. Of course, his
+superiors knew what they were about when they set the Constitution
+aside, as old and antiquated, and, instead, enacted a law which gives
+the average officer a right to invade the head and heart of a man, as to
+what he thinks and feels. Capt. Ward added an amendment to the
+anti-Anarchist law. He declared any other language than English a
+felony, and, since Max Baginski could only avail himself of the German
+language, he was not permitted to speak. How is that for our law-abiding
+citizens? A man is brutally prevented from speaking, because he does not
+know the refined English language of the police force.
+
+Emma Goldman delivered her address in English. It is not likely that
+Capt. Ward understood enough of that language. However, the audience
+did, and if the police of this country were not so barefaced, the
+saviour of Buffalo would have wished himself anywhere rather than to
+stand exposed as a clown before a large gathering of men and women.
+
+The meeting the following evening was forcibly dispersed before the
+speakers had arrived. Ignorance is always brutal when it is backed by
+power.
+
+TORONTO. King Edward Hotel, Queen Victoria Manicuring Parlor. It was
+only when we read these signs that we realized that we were on the soil
+of the British Empire.
+
+However, the monarchical authorities of Canada were more hospitable and
+much freer than those of our free Republic. Not a sign of an officer at
+any of the meetings.
+
+The city? A gray sky, rain, storms. Altogether one was reminded of one
+of Heine's witty, drastic criticisms in reference to a well-known German
+university town. "Dogs on the street," Heine writes, "implore strangers
+to kick them, so that they may have some change from the awful monotony
+and dulness."
+
+ROCHESTER. The neighborly influence of the Buffalo police seems to have
+had a bad effect upon the mental development of the Rochester
+authorities. The hall was packed with officers at both meetings. The
+government of Rochester, however, was not saved--the police kept
+themselves in good order. Some of them seem to have benefited by the
+lectures. That accounts for the familiarity of one of Rochester's
+"finest," who wanted to shake Emma Goldman's hand. E. G. had to decline.
+Baron von Schlippenbach or an American representative of law and
+disorder,--where is the difference?
+
+SYRACUSE. The city where the trains run through the streets. With
+Tolstoy, one feels that civilization is a crime and a mistake, when one
+sees nerve-wrecking machines running through the streets, poisoning the
+atmosphere with soft coal smoke.
+
+What! Anarchists within the walls of Syracuse? O horror! The newspapers
+reported of special session at City Hall, how to meet the terrible
+calamity.
+
+Well, Syracuse still stands on its old site. The second meeting,
+attended largely by "genuine" Americans, brought by curiosity perhaps,
+was very successful. We were assured that the lecture made a splendid
+impression, which led us to think that we probably were guilty of some
+foolishness, as the Greek philosopher, when his lectures were applauded,
+would turn to his hearers and ask, "Gentlemen, have I committed some
+folly?"
+
+Au revoir.
+                                                      E. G. and M. B.
+
+
+
+
+THE MORAL DEMAND.
+
+A COMEDY, IN ONE ACT, BY OTTO ERICH HARTLEBEN.
+
+Translated from the German for "Mother Earth."
+
+
+CAST.
+
+RITA REVERA, concert singer.
+
+FRIEDRICH STIERWALD, owner of firm of "C. W. Stierwald Sons" in
+Rudolstadt.
+
+BERTHA, Rita's maid.
+
+_Time._--End of the nineteenth century.
+
+_Place._--A large German fashionable bathing resort.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Scene.--_Rita's boudoir. Small room elegantly furnished in Louis XVI.
+style. In the background, a broad open door, with draperies, which leads
+into an antechamber. To the right, a piano, in front of which stands a
+large, comfortable stool._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RITA (_enters the antechamber attired in an elaborate ball toilette. She
+wears a gray silk cloak, a lace fichu, and a parasol. Gaily tripping
+toward the front, she sings_): "Les envoyees du paradis sont les
+mascottes, mes amis...." (_She lays the parasol on the table and takes
+off her long white gloves, all the while singing the melody. She
+interrupts herself and calls aloud_) Bertha! Bertha! (_Sings_) O
+Bertholina, O Bertholina!
+
+BERTHA (_walks through the middle_): My lady, your pleasure?
+
+(_Rita has taken off her cloak and stands in front of the mirror. She is
+still humming the melody absentmindedly_).
+
+(_Bertha takes off Rita's wraps._)
+
+RITA (_turns around merrily_): Tell me, Bertha, why does not the
+electric bell ring? I must always sing first, must always squander all
+my flute notes first ere I can entice you to come. What do you suppose
+that costs? With that I can immediately arrange another charity matinee.
+Terrible thing, isn't it?
+
+BERTHA: Yes. The man has not yet repaired it.
+
+RITA: O, Bertholina, _why_ has the man not yet repaired it?
+
+BERTHA: Yes. The man intended to come early in the morning.
+
+RITA: The man has often wanted to do so. He does not seem to possess a
+strong character. (_She points to her cloak_) Dust it well before
+placing it in the wardrobe. The dust is simply terrible in this place
+... and this they call a fresh-air resort. Has anybody called?
+
+BERTHA: Yes, my lady, the Count. He has----
+
+RITA: Well, yes; I mean anyone else?
+
+BERTHA: No. No one.
+
+RITA: Hm! Let me have my dressing gown.
+
+(_Bertha goes to the sleeping chamber to the left._)
+
+RITA (_steps in front of the mirror, singing softly_): "Les envoyees du
+paradis...." (_Suddenly raising her voice, she asks Bertha_) How long
+did he wait?
+
+BERTHA: What?
+
+RITA: I would like to know how long he waited.
+
+BERTHA: An hour.
+
+RITA (_to herself_): He does not love me any more. (_Loudly_) But during
+that time he might have at least repaired the bell. He is of no use
+whatever. (_She laughs._)
+
+BERTHA: The Count came directly from the matinee and asked me where your
+ladyship had gone to dine. Naturally I did not know.
+
+RITA: Did he ask--anything else?
+
+BERTHA: No, he looked at the photographs.
+
+RITA (_in the door_): Well? And does he expect to come again to-day?
+
+BERTHA: Yes, certainly. At four o'clock.
+
+RITA (_looks at the clock_): Oh, but that's boring. Now it is already
+half-past three. One cannot even drink coffee in peace. Hurry, Bertha,
+prepare the coffee.
+
+(_Bertha leaves the room, carrying the articles of attire._)
+
+(_Rita, after a pause, singing a melancholy melody._)
+
+(_Friedrich Stierwald, a man very carefully dressed in black, about
+thirty years of age, with a black crepe around his stiff hat, enters
+from the rear into the antechamber, followed by Bertha._)
+
+BERTHA: But the lady is not well.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Please tell the lady that I am passing through here, and that
+I must speak with her about a very pressing matter. It is absolutely
+necessary. Please! (_He gives her money and his card._)
+
+BERTHA: Yes, I shall take your card, but I fear she will not receive
+you.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Why not? O, yes! Just go----
+
+BERTHA: This morning she sang at a charity matinee and so----
+
+FRIEDRICH: I know, I know. Listen! (_Rita's singing has grown louder_)
+Don't you hear how she sings? Oh, do go!
+
+BERTHA (_shaking her head_): Well, then--wait a moment. (_She passes
+through the room to the half-opened door of the sleeping apartment,
+knocks_) Dear lady!
+
+RITA (_from within_): Well? What's the matter?
+
+BERTHA (_at the door_): Oh, this gentleman here--he wishes to see you
+very much. He is passing through here.
+
+RITA (_within; laughs_): Come in.
+
+(_Bertha disappears._)
+
+(_Friedrich has walked up to the middle door, where he remains
+standing._)
+
+RITA: Well. Who is it? Friedrich---- Hmm---- I shall come immediately.
+
+BERTHA (_comes out and looks at Friedrich in surprise_): My lady wishes
+you to await her. (_She walks away, after having taken another glance at
+Friedrich._)
+
+(_Friedrich looks about embarrassed and shyly._)
+
+(_Rita enters attired in a tasteful dressing gown, but remains standing
+in the door._)
+
+FRIEDRICH (_bows; softly_): Good day.
+
+(_Rita looks at him with an ironical smile and remains silent._)
+
+FRIEDRICH: You remember me? Don't you?
+
+RITA (_quietly_): Strange. You--come to see me? What has become of your
+good training? (_Laughs._) Have you lost all sense of shame?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_stretches out his hand, as if imploring_): Oh, I beg of you,
+I beg of you; not this tone! I really came to explain everything to you,
+everything. And possibly to set things aright.
+
+RITA: You--with me! (_She shakes her head._) Incredible! But, please,
+since you are here, sit down. With what can you serve me?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_seriously_): Miss Hattenbach, I really should----
+
+RITA (_lightly_): Pardon me, my name is Revera. Rita Revera.
+
+FRIEDRICH: I know that you call yourself by that name now. But you won't
+expect me, an old friend of your family, to make use of this romantic,
+theatrical name. For me you are now, as heretofore, the daughter of the
+esteemed house of Hattenbach, with which I----
+
+RITA (_quickly and sharply_): With which your father transacts business,
+I know.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_with emphasis_): With which I now am myself associated.
+
+RITA: Is it possible? And your father?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_seriously_): If I had the slightest inkling of your address,
+yes, even your present name, I should not have missed to announce to you
+the sudden death of my father.
+
+RITA (_after pause_): Oh, he is dead. I see you still wear mourning. How
+long ago is it?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Half a year. Since then I am looking for you, and I hope you
+will not forbid me to address you now, as of yore, with that name, which
+is so highly esteemed in our native city.
+
+RITA (_smiling friendly_): Your solemnity--is delightful. Golden! But
+sit down.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_remains standing; he is hurt_): I must confess, Miss
+Hattenbach, that I was not prepared for such a reception from you. I
+hoped that I might expect, after these four or five years, that you
+would receive me differently than with this--with this--how shall I say?
+
+RITA: Toleration.
+
+FRIEDRICH: No, with this arrogance.
+
+RITA: How?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_controlling himself_): I beg your pardon. I am sorry to have
+said that.
+
+RITA (_after a pause, hostile_): You wish to be taken seriously? (_She
+sits down, with a gesture of the hand_) Please, what have you to say to
+me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Much. Oh, very much. (_He also sits down._) But--you are not
+well to-day?
+
+RITA: Not well? What makes you say so?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes, the maid told me so.
+
+RITA: The maid--she is a useful person. That makes me think. You
+certainly expect to stay here some time, do you not?
+
+FRIEDRICH: With your permission. I have much to tell you.
+
+RITA: I thought so. (_Calling loudly_) Bertha! Bertha! Do you suppose
+one could get an electric bell repaired here? Impossible.
+
+BERTHA (_enters_): My lady?
+
+RITA: Bertha, when the Count comes--now I am really sick.
+
+BERTHA (_nods_): Very well. (_She leaves._)
+
+RITA (_calls after her_): And where is the coffee? I shall famish.
+
+BERTHA (_outside_): Immediately.
+
+FRIEDRICH: The--the Count--did you say?
+
+RITA: Yes, quite a fine fellow otherwise, but--would not fit in now. I
+wanted to say: I am passionately fond of electric bells. You know they
+have a fabulous charm for me. One only needs to touch them softly, ever
+so softly, with the small finger, and still cause a terrible noise.
+Fine--is it not? You wanted to talk about serious matters. It seems so
+to me.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes. And I beg of you, Miss Erna----
+
+RITA: Erna?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna!
+
+RITA: Oh, well!
+
+FRIEDRICH (_continuing_): I beg of you; be really and truly serious.
+Yes? Listen to what I have to say to you. Be assured that it comes from
+an honest, warm heart. During the years in which I have not seen you, I
+have grown to be a serious man--perhaps, too serious for my age--but my
+feelings for you have remained young, quite young. Do you hear me, Erna?
+
+RITA (_leaning back in the rocking chair, with a sigh_): I hear.
+
+FRIEDRICH: And you know, Erna, how I have always loved you from my
+earliest youth, yes, even sooner than I myself suspected. You know that,
+yes?
+
+(_Rita is silent and does not look at him_.)
+
+FRIEDRICH: When I was still a foolish schoolboy I already called you my
+betrothed, and I could not but think otherwise than that I would some
+day call you my wife. You certainly know that, don't you?
+
+RITA (_reserved_): Yes, I know it.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, then you ought to be able to understand what dreadful
+feelings overcame me when I discovered, sooner than you or the world,
+the affection of my father for you. That was--no, you cannot grasp it.
+
+RITA (_looks at him searchingly_): Sooner than I and all the world?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Oh, a great deal sooner ... that was.... That time was the
+beginning of the hardest innermost struggles for me. What was I to do?
+(_He sighs deeply_.) Ah, Miss Erna, we people are really----
+
+RITA: Yes, yes.
+
+FRIEDRICH: We are dreadfully shallow-minded. How seldom one of us can
+really live as he would like to. Must we not always and forever consider
+others--and our surroundings?
+
+RITA: Must?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, yes, we do so, at least. And when it is our own father!
+For, look here, Erna, I never would have been able to oppose my father!
+I was used, as you well know, from childhood to always look up to my
+father with the greatest respect. He used to be severe, my father, proud
+and inaccessible, but--if I may be permitted to say so, he was an
+excellent man.
+
+RITA: Well?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_eagerly_): Yes, indeed! You must remember that it was he
+alone who established our business by means of his powerful energy and
+untiring diligence. Only now I myself have undertaken the management of
+the establishment. I am able to see what an immense work he has
+accomplished.
+
+RITA (_simply_): Yes, he was an able business man.
+
+FRIEDRICH: In every respect! Ability personified, and he had grown to be
+fifty-two years of age and was still, still--how shall I say?
+
+RITA: Still able.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, yes; I mean a vigorous man in his best years. For
+fifteen years he had been a widower, he had worked, worked unceasingly,
+and then--the house was well established--he could think of placing some
+of the work upon younger shoulders. He could think of enjoying his life
+once more.
+
+RITA (_softly_): That is----
+
+FRIEDRICH (_continuing_): And he thought he had found, in you, the one
+who would bring back to him youth and the joy of life.
+
+RITA (_irritated_): Yes, but then you ought to--(_Breaks off._) Oh, it
+is not worth while.
+
+FRIEDRICH: How? I should have been man enough to say: No, I forbid it;
+that is a folly of age. I, your son, forbid it. I demand her for myself.
+The young fortune is meant for me--not for you?----No, Erna, I could
+not do that. I could not do that.
+
+RITA: No.
+
+FRIEDRICH: I, the young clerk, with no future before me!
+
+RITA: No!
+
+FRIEDRICH: My entire training and my conceptions urged me to consider it
+my duty to simply stand aside and stifle my affection, as I did--as I
+already told you even before any other person had an idea of the
+intentions of my father. I gradually grew away from you.
+
+RITA (_amused_): Gradually--yes, I recollect. You suddenly became
+formal. Indeed, very nice!
+
+FRIEDRICH: I thought----
+
+(_Bertha comes with the coffee and serves._)
+
+RITA: Will you take a cup with me?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_thoughtlessly_): I thought----(_Correcting himself_) pardon
+me! I thank you!
+
+RITA: I hope it will not disturb you if I drink my coffee while you
+continue.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Please (_embarrassed_). I thought it a proper thing. I hoped
+that my cold and distant attitude would check a possible existing
+affection for me.
+
+RITA: Possible existing affection! Fie! Now you are beginning to lie!
+(_She jumps up and walks nervously through the room._) As though you had
+not positively known that! (_Stepping in front of him_) Or what did you
+take me for when I kissed you?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_very much frightened, also rises_): O, Erna, I always----
+
+RITA (_laughs_): You are delightful! Delightful! Still the same bashful
+boy--who does not dare--(_she laughs and sits down again_.) Delightful.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_after a silence, hesitatingly_): Well, are you going to
+allow me to call you Erna again, as of yore?
+
+RITA: As of yore. (_She sighs, then gaily_) If you care to.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_happy_): Yes? May I?
+
+RITA (_heartily_): O, yes, Fritz. That's better, isn't it? It sounds
+more natural, eh?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_presses her hand and sighs_): Yes, really. You take a heavy
+load from me. Everything that I want to say to you can be done so much
+better in the familiar tone.
+
+RITA: Oh! Have you still so much to say to me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well--but now tell me first: how was it possible for you to
+undertake such a step. What prompted you to leave so suddenly? Erna,
+Erna, how could you do that?
+
+RITA (_proudly_): How I could? Can you ask me that? Do you really not
+know it?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_softly_): Oh, yes; I do know it, but--it takes so much to do
+that.
+
+RITA: Not more than was in me.
+
+FRIEDRICH: One thing I must confess to you, although it was really bad
+of me. But I knew no way out of it. I felt relieved after you had gone.
+
+RITA: Well, then, that was _your_ heroism.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Do not misunderstand me. I knew my father had----
+
+RITA: Yes, yes--but do not talk about it any more.
+
+FRIEDRICH: You are right. It was boyish of me. It did not last long, and
+then I mourned for you--not less than your parents. Oh, Erna! If you
+would see your parents now. They have aged terribly. Your father has
+lost his humor altogether, and is giving full vent to his old passion
+for red wine. Your mother is always ailing, hardly ever leaves the
+house, and both, even though they never lose a word about it, cannot
+reconcile themselves to the thought that their only child left them.
+
+RITA (_after a pause, awakens from her meditation, harshly_): Perhaps
+you were sent by my father?
+
+FRIEDRICH: No--why?
+
+RITA: Then I would show you the door.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna!
+
+RITA: A man, who ventured to pay his debts with me----
+
+FRIEDRICH: How so; what do you mean?
+
+RITA: Oh--let's drop that. Times were bad. But to-day the house of
+Hattenbach enjoys its good old standing, as you say, and has overcome
+the crisis. Then your father must have had some consideration--without
+me. Well, then.----And Rudolstadt still stands--on the old spot. That's
+the main thing. But now let us talk about something else, I beg of you.
+
+FRIEDRICH: No, no, Erna. What you allude to, that----do you really
+believe my father had----
+
+RITA: Your father had grown used to buy and attain everything in life
+through money. Why not buy me also? And he had already received the
+promise--not from me, but from my father. But I am free! I ran away and
+am my own mistress! (_With haughtiness._) A young girl, all alone! Down
+with the gang!
+
+(_Friedrich is silent and holds his head._)
+
+RITA (_steps up to him and touches his shoulder, in a friendly manner_):
+Don't be sad. At that time your father was the stronger, and----Life is
+not otherwise. After all, one must assert oneself.
+
+FRIEDRICH: But he robbed you of your happiness.
+
+RITA (_jovially_): Who knows? It is just as well.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_surprised_): Is that possible? Do you call that happiness,
+this being alone?
+
+RITA: Yes. That is MY happiness--my freedom, and I love it with
+jealousy, for I fought for it myself.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_bitterly_): A great happiness! Outside of family ties,
+outside the ranks of respectable society.
+
+RITA (_laughs aloud, but without bitterness_): Respectable society! Yes.
+I fled from that--thank Heaven. (_harshly_) But if you do not come in
+the name of my father, what do you want here? Why do you come? For what
+purpose? What do you want of me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna, you ask that in a strange manner.
+
+RITA: Well, yes. I have a suspicion that you--begrudge me my liberty.
+How did you find me, anyway?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes, that was hard enough.
+
+RITA: Rita Revera is not so unknown.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Rita Revera! Oh, no! How often I have read that name these
+last years--in the newspapers in Berlin, on various placards, in large
+letters. But how could I ever have thought that you were meant by it?
+
+RITA (_laughs_): Why did you not go to the "Winter Garden" when you were
+in Berlin?
+
+FRIEDRICH: I never frequent such places.
+
+RITA: Pardon me! Oh, I always forget the old customs.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Oh, please, please, dear Erna; not in this tone of voice!
+
+RITA: Which tone?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna! Do not make matters so difficult for me. See, after I
+had finally discovered, through an agency in Berlin, and after hunting a
+long time, that you were the famous Revera, I was terribly shocked at
+first, terribly sad, and, for a moment, I thought of giving up
+everything. My worst fears were over. I had the assurance that you lived
+in good, and as I now see, in comfortable circumstances. But, on the
+other hand, I had to be prepared that you might have grown estranged to
+the world in which I live--that we could hardly understand each other.
+
+RITA: Hm! Shall I tell you what was your ideal--how you would have liked
+to find me again? As a poor seamstress, in an attic room, who, during
+the four years, had lived in hunger and need--but respectably, that is
+the main point. Then you would have stretched forth your kind arms, and
+the poor, pale little dove would have gratefully embraced you. Will you
+deny that you have imagined it thus and even wished for it?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_looks at her calmly_): Well, is there anything wrong about
+it?
+
+RITA: But how did it happen that, regardless of this, of this
+disappointment, you, nevertheless, continued to search for me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Thank goodness, at the right moment I recollected your clear,
+silvery, childlike laughter. Right in the midst of my petty scruples it
+resounded in my ears, as at the time when you ridiculed my gravity. Do
+you still remember that time, Erna?
+
+(_Rita is silent._)
+
+BERTHA (_enters with an enormous bouquet of dark red roses_): My
+lady--from the Count.
+
+RITA (_jumps up, nervously excited_): Roses! My dark roses! Give them to
+me! Ah! (_She holds them toward Friedrich and asks_) Did he say
+anything?
+
+BERTHA: No, said nothing, but----
+
+FRIEDRICH (_shoves the bouquet, which she holds up closely to his face,
+aside_): I thank you.
+
+RITA (_without noticing him, to Bertha_): Well?
+
+BERTHA (_pointing to the bouquet_): The Count has written something on a
+card.
+
+RITA: His card? Where? (_She searches among the flowers_) Oh, here!
+(_She reads; then softly to Bertha_) It is all right.
+
+(_Bertha leaves_.)
+
+RITA (_reads again_): "Pour prendre conge." (_With an easy sigh_) Yes,
+yes.
+
+FRIEDRICH: What is the matter?
+
+RITA: Sad! His education was hardly half finished and he already
+forsakes me.
+
+FRIEDRICH: What do you mean? I do not understand you at all.
+
+RITA (_her mind is occupied_): Too bad. Now he'll grow entirely stupid.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_rises importantly_): Erna, answer me. What relationship
+existed between you and the Count?
+
+RITA (_laughs_): What business is that of yours?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_solemnly_): Erna! Whatever it might have been, this will not
+do any longer.
+
+RITA (_gaily_): No, no; you see it is already ended.
+
+FRIEDRICH: No, Erna, that must all be ended. You must get out of all
+this--entirely--and forever.
+
+RITA (_looks at him surprised and inquiringly_): Hm! Strange person.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_grows more eager and walks up and down in the room_): Such a
+life is immoral. You must recognize it. Yes, and I forbid you to live on
+in this fashion. I have the right to demand it of you.
+
+RITA (_interrupts him sharply_): Demand? You demand something of me?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes, indeed, demand! Not for me--no--in the name of morals.
+That which I ask of you is simply a moral demand, do you understand, a
+moral demand, which must be expected of every woman.
+
+RITA: "Must!" And why?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Because--because--because--well, dear me--because--otherwise
+everything will stop!
+
+RITA: What will stop? Life?
+
+FRIEDRICH: No, but morals.
+
+RITA: Ah, I thank you. Now I understand you. One must be moral
+because--otherwise morality will stop.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Why, yes. That is very simple.
+
+RITA: Yes--now, please, what would I have to do in order to fulfill your
+demand? I am curious like a child now, and shall listen obediently.
+(_She sits down again._)
+
+FRIEDRICH (_also sits down and grasps her hand, warmly_): Well, see, my
+dear Erna, everything can still be undone. In Rudolstadt everybody
+believes you are in England with relatives. Even if you have never been
+there----
+
+RITA: Often enough. My best engagements.
+
+FRIEDRICH: So much the better. Then you certainly speak English?
+
+RITA: Of course.
+
+FRIEDRICH: And you are acquainted with English customs. Excellent. Oh,
+Erna. Your father will be pleased, he once confessed to me, when he had
+a little too much wine. You know him: he grows sentimental then.
+
+RITA (_to herself_): They are all that way.
+
+FRIEDRICH: How?
+
+RITA: Oh, nothing. Please continue. Well--I could come back?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Certainly! Fortunately, during these last years, since you
+have grown so famous, nobody has----
+
+RITA: I have grown notorious only within a year.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, most likely nobody in Rudolstadt has ever seen you on
+the boards. In one word, you _must_ return.
+
+RITA: From England?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Yes, nothing lies in the way. And your mother will be
+overjoyed.
+
+RITA: Nay, nay.
+
+FRIEDRICH: How well that you have taken a different name.
+
+RITA: Ah, that is it. Yes, I believe that. Then they know that I am Rita
+Revera.
+
+FRIEDRICH: I wrote them. They will receive you with open arms. Erna! I
+beg of you! I entreat you; come with me! It is still time. To-day. You
+cannot know, but anybody from Rudolstadt who knows might come to the
+theatre and----
+
+RITA (_decidedly_): No one from Rudolstadt will do that. They are too
+well trained for that. You see it by your own person. But go on! If I
+would care to, if I really would return--what then?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Then? Well, then, you would be in the midst of the family and
+society again--and then----
+
+RITA: And then?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Then, after some time has elapsed and you feel at home and
+when all is forgotten, as though nothing had ever happened----
+
+RITA: But a great deal has happened.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna, you must not take me for such a Philistine that I would
+mind that. At heart I am unprejudiced. No, really, I know (_softly_) my
+own fault, and I know Life. I know very well, and I cannot ask it of
+you, that you, in a career like yours, you----
+
+RITA: Hm?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Well, that you should have remained entirely faultless. And I
+do not ask it of you either.
+
+RITA: You do well at that.
+
+FRIEDRICH: I mean, whatever has happened within these four years--lies
+beyond us, does not concern me--but shall not concern you any longer
+either. Rita Revera has ceased to be--Erna Hattenbach returns to her
+family.
+
+RITA: Lovely, very lovely. Hm!--but then, what then? Shall I start a
+cooking school?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_with a gentle reproach_): But, Erna! Don't you understand
+me? Could you think of anything else than---- Of course, I shall marry
+you then.
+
+(_Rita looks at him puzzled._)
+
+FRIEDRICH: But that is self-evident. Why should I have looked you up
+otherwise? Why should I be here? But, dear Erna, don't look so stunned.
+
+RITA (_still stares at him_): "Simply--marry." Strange. (_She turns
+around towards the open piano, plays and sings softly_) Farilon, farila,
+farilette.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_has risen_): Erna! Do not torment me!
+
+RITA: Torment? No. That would not be right. You are a good fellow. Give
+me a kiss. (_She rises._)
+
+FRIEDRICH (_embraces and kisses her_): My Erna! Oh, you have grown so
+much prettier! So much prettier!
+
+(_Rita leans her head on his shoulder._)
+
+FRIEDRICH: But now come. Let us not lose one moment.
+
+(_Rita does not move_.)
+
+FRIEDRICH: If possible let everything be.... Come! (_He pushes her with
+gentle force_) You cry?
+
+RITA (_hastily wipes the tears from her eyes, controls herself_): O,
+nonsense. Rita Revera does not cry--she laughs. (_Laughs forcedly._)
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna, do not use that name. I do not care to hear it again!
+
+RITA: Oh--you do not want to hear it any more. You would like to command
+me. You come here and assume that that which life and hard times have
+made of me you can wipe out in a half hour! No! You do not know life and
+know nothing of me. (_Harshly_) My name is Revera, and I shall not marry
+a merchant from Rudolstadt.
+
+FRIEDRICH: How is that? You still hesitate?
+
+RITA: Do I look as though I hesitated? (_She steps up closer to him._)
+Do you know, Fred, that during the years after my escape I often went
+hungry, brutally hungry? Do you know that I ran about in the most
+frightful dives, with rattling plate, collecting pennies and insults? Do
+you know what it means to humiliate oneself for dry bread? You see; that
+has been my school. Do you understand that I had to become an entirely
+different person or go to ruin? One who owes everything to himself, who
+is proud of himself, but who no longer respects anything, above all, no
+conventional measures and weights? And do you understand, Fred, that it
+would be base on my part were I to follow you to the Philistine?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_after a pause, sadly_): No, I do not understand that.
+
+RITA (_again gaily_): I thought so. Shall I dread there every suspicion
+and tremble before every fool, whereas I can breathe free air, enjoy
+sunshine and the best conscience. You know that pretty part in the
+Walkuere? (_She sings_):
+
+
+     "Greet Rudolstadt for me,
+     Greet my father and mother
+     And all the heroes....
+     I shall not follow you to them!"
+
+
+Now you know. (_She sits down at the piano again._)
+
+FRIEDRICH (_after silence_): Even if you have lived through hard times,
+that still does not give you the right to disregard the duties of morals
+and customs.
+
+RITA (_plays and sings_): "Farilon, farila, farilette--"
+
+FRIEDRICH: I cannot understand how you can refuse me, when I offer you
+the opportunity of returning to ordered circumstances.
+
+RITA: I do not love the "ordered" circumstances. On the contrary, I must
+have something to train.
+
+FRIEDRICH: And I? I shall never be anything to you any more? You thrust
+me also aside in your stubbornness.
+
+RITA: But not at all. Why?
+
+FRIEDRICH: How so? Did you not state just now that you would never marry
+a merchant from Rudolstadt.
+
+RITA: Certainly----
+
+FRIEDRICH: Do you see? You cannot be so cold and heartless towards me?
+(_Flattering_) Why did you kiss me before? I know you also yearn in your
+innermost heart for those times in which we secretly saw and found each
+other. You also, and, even if you deny it, I felt it before when you
+cried. (_Softly_) Erna! Come along, come along with me! Come! Become my
+dear wife!
+
+RITA (_looks at him quietly_): No, I shall not do such a thing.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_starts nervously; after a pause_): Erna! Is that your last
+word?
+
+RITA: Yes.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Consider well what you say!
+
+RITA: I know what I am about.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Erna! You want--to remain what you are?
+
+RITA: Yes. That's just what I want.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_remains for some time struggling, then grasps his hat_):
+Then--adieu! (_He hurries toward the left into the bedroom._)
+
+RITA (_calls smiling_): Halt! Not there.
+
+FRIEDRICH (_returns, confused_): Pardon me, I----
+
+RITA: Poor Fred, did you stray into my bedroom? There is the door.
+(_Long pause. Several times he tries to speak. She laughs gently. Then
+she sings and plays the song from "Mamselle Nitouche"_):
+
+
+     A minuit, apres la fete,
+     Rev'naient Babet et Cadet;
+     Cristi! la nuit est complete,
+     Faut nous depecher, Babet.
+     Tache d'en profiter, grosse bete!
+     Farilon, farila, farilette.
+     J'ai trop peur, disait Cadet--
+     J'ai pas peur, disait Babet--
+     Larirette, larire,
+     Larirette, larire.-- -- --
+
+
+(_Friedrich at first listens against his will, even makes a step toward
+the door. By and by he becomes fascinated and finally is charmed. When
+she finishes, he puts his stiff hat on the table and walks toward her
+with a blissful smile._)
+
+RITA: Now? You even smile? Did I impress you?
+
+FRIEDRICH (_drops down on his knees in front of her_): Oh, Erna, you are
+the most charming woman on earth. (_He kisses her hands wildly._)
+
+RITA (_stoops down to him, softly and merrily_): Why run away? Why? If
+you still love me, can you run off--you mule?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Oh, I'll remain--I remain with you.
+
+RITA: It was well that you missed the door.
+
+FRIEDRICH: Oh, Erna----
+
+RITA: But now you'll call me Rita--do you understand? Well? Are you
+going to--are you going to be good?
+
+FRIEDRICH: Rita! Rita! Everything you wish.
+
+RITA: Everything I wish. (_She kisses him._) And now tell me about your
+moral demand. Yes? You are delightful when you talk about it. So
+delightful.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
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+$9.50
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++Charles Darwin.+ The Authorized Copyright Works. Descent of Man, 1 vol.;
+Origin of Species, 2 vols.; Emotional Expressions, 1 vol.; Animals and
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+
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+
+_Hugh O. Pentecost_ lectures every Sunday, 11 A. M., at Lyric Hall, Sixth
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+
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+
+_Brooklyn Philosophical Association._ Meets every Sunday, 3 P. M., at Long
+Island Business College, 143 So. 8th street.
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+
+_Sunrise Club._ Meets every other Monday for dinner and after discussion
+at some place designated by the President.
+
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+
+_Manhattan Liberal Club._ Meets every Friday, 8 P. M., at German Masonic
+Hall, 220 East Fifteenth street.
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+
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+
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+
++Garrison the Non-Resistant.+ 16mo, cloth, 144 pages, with photogravure
+portrait, 50c.; by mail +55c.+
+
++Plain Talk In Psalm and Parable.+ A collection of chants in the cause of
+justice and brotherhood. 12mo, cloth, 188 pages, $1.50; by mail, $1.62.
+Paper, 40c.; by mail +44c.+
+
++Captain Jinks, Hero.+ A keen satire on our recent wars, in which the
+parallel between savagery and soldiery is unerringly drawn. Profusely
+illustrated by Dan Beard. 12mo, cloth, 400 pages, postpaid +$1.50+
+
++Swords and Plowshares.+ A collection of poems filled with the hatred of
+war and the love of nature. (Not sold by us in Great Britain.) 12mo,
+cloth, 126 pages, $1.20; by mail +$1.29+
+
++Tolstoy and His Message.+ "A concise and sympathetic account of the life,
+character and philosophy of the great Russian."--_New York Press_. "A
+genuinely illuminative interpretation of the great philosopher's being
+and purpose."--_Philadelphia Item_. (Not sold by us in Great Britain.)
+16mo, cloth, 93 pages, 50c.; by mail +54c.+
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++Edward Carpenter, Poet and Prophet.+ An illuminative essay, with
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+
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+
++Free America.+ 16mo, cloth, ornamental, gilt top, 75c.; by mail +80c.+
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++The Game of Life.+ A new volume of 111 fables. Most of them have been
+published from time to time in _Life_, _Collier's_, _The Outlook_, _The
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+Philistine_ and other papers and magazines. 16mo, cloth, ornamental,
+postpaid +$1.00+
+
++Even as You and I.+ This is a presentation, by means of popular and
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+which underlies it. A part of the volume is an account of Tolstoy's
+philosophy, drawn largely from the Russian's difficult work, "Of Life."
+This section is called "True Life," and follows a series of thirty-three
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++The Social Revolution.+ By Karl Kautsky. Translated by A. M. and May Wood
+Simons. Cloth +50c.+
+
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+Baden-Powell. A scientific study of a remarkable survival of a phase of
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+
++The Sale of an Appetite.+ By Paul Lafargue. This book by one of the
+foremost socialists of Europe is a notable work of art considered merely
+as a story and at the same time it is one of the most stirring
+indictments of the capitalist system ever written. Cloth, illustrated
++50c.+
+
++The Triumph of Life.+ By Wilhelm Boelsche. The German critics of this
+book all agree that it is more interesting than his previous work on
+"The Evolution of Man," and those who have read the former work will
+realize what this means. The book is the story of the victory of life
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++Poems of Walt Whitman.+ We have secured a reprint of Whitman's famous
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+of Whitman's poems are contained therein, and John Burroughs has written
+a biographical introduction.
+
+TO YOU, WHOEVER YOU ARE.
+
+
+     I will leave all, and come and make the hymns of you;
+     None have understood you, but I understand you,
+     None have done justice to you--you have not done justice to
+        yourself.
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+Cloth, 341 pages +75c.+
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+End of Project Gutenberg's Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 2, April 1906, by Various
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